Fresno City Council
December 5, 2024

CITY OF FRESNO

MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION FOR
FRESNO SENIOR CENTER (P24-00678) AND AFFORDABLE
HOUSING (P24-00214) PROJECT

STATE CLEARINGHOUSE NUMBER: _____________________

City of Fresno
Parks, After School, Recreation, and Community Services 1515 E. Divisadero Street
Fresno, CA 93721

Prepared by:

Precision Civil Engineering, Inc.
1234 O Street
Fresno, CA 93721

Attachments:

Notice of Intent to Adopt a Mitigated Negative Declaration (Section 3.2) Appendix G/Initial Study for a Mitigated Negative Declaration (Section 2, 3.1, 4) Project Specific Mitigation Monitoring Checklist dated October 2024 (Section 5)

2024101319

INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION
October 2024
CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 2 Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 7

1.1 Regulatory Information ................................................................................................................................. 7

1.2 Document Format ......................................................................................................................................... 7 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................................... 9

2.1 Project Title .................................................................................................................................................... 9

2.2 Lead Agency Name and Address ................................................................................................................... 9

2.3 Contact Person and Phone Number ............................................................................................................. 9

2.4 Study Prepared By ......................................................................................................................................... 9

2.5 Project Location ............................................................................................................................................. 9

2.6 Latitude and Longitude ............................................................................................................................... 13

2.7 General Plan Designation ............................................................................................................................ 13

2.8 Zoning .......................................................................................................................................................... 13

2.9 Description of Project .................................................................................................................................. 16

2.10 Site and Surrounding Land Uses and Setting .............................................................................................. 16

2.11 Site Preparation ........................................................................................................................................... 17

2.12 Project Construction and Phasing ............................................................................................................... 17

2.13 Project Components .................................................................................................................................... 17

2.14 Required Project Approvals ......................................................................................................................... 19

2.15 Technical Studies ......................................................................................................................................... 19

2.16 Consultation with California Native American Tribes ................................................................................. 24 3 DETERMINATION ................................................................................................................................................ 25

3.1 Environmental Factors Potentially Affected ............................................................................................... 25

3.2 Determination ............................................................................................................................................. 25 4 EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS .................................................................................................... 27

4.1 AESTHETICS .................................................................................................................................................. 27

4.1.1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................................................... 27

4.1.2 Impact Assessment.............................................................................................................................. 27

4.1.3 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................................................... 29

4.2 AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY RESOURCES ................................................................................................ 30

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4.2.1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................................................... 31

4.2.2 Impact Assessment.............................................................................................................................. 31

4.2.3 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................................................... 32

4.3 AIR QUALITY ................................................................................................................................................. 33

4.3.1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................................................... 33

4.3.2 Thresholds of Significance ................................................................................................................... 35

4.3.3 Impact Assessment.............................................................................................................................. 38

4.3.4 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................................................... 40

4.4 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ............................................................................................................................. 41

4.4.1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................................................... 42

4.4.2 Impact Assessment.............................................................................................................................. 46

4.4.3 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................................................... 48

4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES ................................................................................................................................ 49

4.5.1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................................................... 49

4.5.2 Impact Assessment.............................................................................................................................. 50

4.5.3 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................................................... 51

4.6 ENERGY ........................................................................................................................................................ 53

4.6.1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................................................... 53

4.6.2 Impact Assessment.............................................................................................................................. 55

4.6.3 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................................................... 56

4.7 GEOLOGY AND SOILS ................................................................................................................................... 57

4.7.1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................................................... 58

4.7.2 Impact Assessment.............................................................................................................................. 60

4.7.3 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................................................... 62

4.8 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS .................................................................................................................... 64

4.8.1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................................................... 64

4.8.2 Impact Assessment.............................................................................................................................. 67

4.8.3 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................................................... 70

4.9 HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL ...................................................................................................... 71

4.9.1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................................................... 71

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4.9.2 Impact Assessment.............................................................................................................................. 77

4.9.3 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................................................... 79

4.10 HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY ............................................................................................................ 80

4.10.1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................................................... 81

4.10.2 Impact Assessment.............................................................................................................................. 81

4.10.3 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................................................... 86

4.11 LAND USE PLANNING .................................................................................................................................. 87

4.11.1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................................................... 87

4.11.2 Impact Assessment.............................................................................................................................. 87

4.11.3 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................................................... 90

4.12 MINERAL RESOURCES .................................................................................................................................. 91

4.12.1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................................................... 91

4.12.2 Impact Assessment.............................................................................................................................. 91

4.12.3 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................................................... 92

4.13 NOISE ........................................................................................................................................................... 93

4.13.1 Environmental Setting ......................................................................................................................... 93

4.13.2 Impact Assessment.............................................................................................................................. 96

4.13.3 Mitigation Measures ......................................................................................................................... 101

4.14 POPULATION AND HOUSING ..................................................................................................................... 102

4.14.1 Environmental Setting ....................................................................................................................... 102

4.14.2 Impact Assessment............................................................................................................................ 102

4.14.3 Mitigation Measures ......................................................................................................................... 103

4.15 PUBLIC SERVICES ....................................................................................................................................... 104

4.15.1 Environmental Setting ....................................................................................................................... 104

4.15.2 Impact Assessment............................................................................................................................ 106

4.15.3 Mitigation Measures ......................................................................................................................... 107

4.16 RECREATION .............................................................................................................................................. 108

4.16.1 Environmental Setting ....................................................................................................................... 108

4.16.2 Impact Assessment............................................................................................................................ 108

4.16.3 Mitigation Measures ......................................................................................................................... 109

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4.17 TRANSPORTATION ..................................................................................................................................... 110

4.17.1 Environmental Setting ....................................................................................................................... 110

4.17.2 Impact Assessment............................................................................................................................ 111

4.17.3 Mitigation Measures ......................................................................................................................... 113

4.18 TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES ................................................................................................................. 114

4.18.1 Environmental Setting ....................................................................................................................... 114

4.18.2 Impact Assessment............................................................................................................................ 115

4.18.3 Mitigation Measures ......................................................................................................................... 116

4.19 UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS .............................................................................................................. 117

4.19.1 Environmental Setting ....................................................................................................................... 117

4.19.2 Impact Assessment............................................................................................................................ 119

4.19.3 Mitigation Measures ......................................................................................................................... 122

4.20 WILDFIRE ................................................................................................................................................... 123

4.20.1 Environmental Setting ....................................................................................................................... 123

4.20.2 Impact Assessment............................................................................................................................ 124

4.20.3 Mitigation Measures ......................................................................................................................... 124

4.21 MANDATORY FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICANCE ............................................................................................... 125

4.21.1 Impact Assessment............................................................................................................................ 125 5 MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM ................................................................................ 127 6 REPORT PREPARATION ..................................................................................................................................... 132 7 APPENDICIES ..................................................................................................................................................... 133

7.1 Appendix A: CalEEMod Output Files (Annual) .......................................................................................... 133

7.2 Appendix B: CHRIS Record Search Results ................................................................................................ 134

7.3 Appendix C: Phase I ESA and Pre -Demolition Asbestos Survey and Lead -Based Paint Inspection Report 135

Figures
Figure 2-1 Regional Location Map ............................................................................................................................... 10 Figure 2-2 Project Site Aerial ....................................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 2-3 Project APN Map ........................................................................................................................................ 12

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 6 Figure 2-4 City of Fresno General Plan Land Use Map for Project site ....................................................................... 14 Figure 2-5 City of Fresno Zone District Map for Project site ....................................................................................... 15 Figure 2-6 Site Plan for Senior Center ......................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 2-7 Senior Center Ground Level Floor Plan ...................................................................................................... 21 Figure 2-8 Senior Center Second Level Floor Plan ...................................................................................................... 22 Figure 2-9 Senior Center Exterior Elevations .............................................................................................................. 23 Figure 4-1 CNDDB Occurrences ................................................................................................................................... 45 Figure 4-2 Existing Water and Sewer Infrastructure in the Project Vicinity ............................................................... 84

Tables
Table 2-1 Existing Uses, General Plan Designations, and Zone Districts of Surrounding Properties ......................... 16 Table 4-1 SJVAPCD Recommended Air Quality Thresholds of Significance2F ........................................................... 36 Table 4-2 Construction Emissions of Criteria Air Pollutants, Unmitigated ................................................................. 38 Table 4-3 Operational Emissions of Criteria Air Pollutants, Unmitigated ................................................................... 38 Table 4-4 Special-status Species Occurrences with 5-mile Radius of the Project Site ............................................... 43 Table 4-5 Project Energy Consumption ....................................................................................................................... 56 Table 4-6 Scoping Plan Priority GHG Reduction Strategies Consistency Analysis ...................................................... 68 Table 4-7 Safety Zone Land Use Compatibility Standards .......................................................................................... 74 Table 4-8 Summary of Total Water Demands by Land Use ........................................................................................ 83 Table 4-9 Project Consistency with Applicable General Plan Policies ........................................................................ 88 Table 4-10 City of Fresno General Plan Noise Level Standards - Transportation (Non-Aircraft) Noise Sources ....... 94 Table 4-11 Non-Transportation Noise Level Standards, dBA – City of Fresno Municipal Code, Section 15-2506 .... 95 Table 4-12 Assumed Minimum Ambient Noise Level, dBA - City of Fresno Municipal Code, Section 10-102(B) ...... 95 Table 4-13 Typical Construction Equipment Maximum Noise Levels, dBA at 50 ft. .................................................. 97 Table 4-14 Receptors and Baseline Analyzed in the RCNM ........................................................................................ 98 Table 4-15 Guideline Vibration Annoyance Potential Criteria .................................................................................... 99 Table 4-16 Guideline Vibration Damage Potential Threshold Criteria ..................................................................... 100 Table 4-17 Typical Vibration Levels During Construction ......................................................................................... 100 Table 4-18 Fire Facilities Fee Program ...................................................................................................................... 104 Table 4-19 Police Facilities Fee Program ................................................................................................................... 105

INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION
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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 7 1 INTRODUCTION
Precision Civil Engineering, Inc. (PCE) has prepared this Initial Study/ Mitigated Negative Declaration (IS/ MND) on behalf of City of Fresno (City) to address the environmental effects of the Proposed Fresno Senior Center (P24- 00678) and Affordable Housing (P24-00214) Project (“Project” or “proposed Project” ). This document has been prepared in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), Public Resources Code Section 21000 et. seq and its implementing guidelines (14 CCR 15000, et seq. (“CEQA Guidelines”) . The City of Fresno is the Lead Agency for this proposed Project. The site and the proposed Project are described in detail in SECTION 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION.

1.1 Regulatory Information
An Initial Study (IS) is a document prepared by a lead agency to determine whether a project may have a significant effect on the environment. In accordance with California Code of Regulations Title 14 (Chapter 3, Section 15000, et seq.), also known as the CEQA Guidelines , Section 15064 (a)(1) states that an environmental impact report (EIR) must be prepared if there is substantial evidence in light of the whole record that the proposed Project under review may have a significant effect on the environment a nd should be further analyzed to determine mitigation measures or project alternatives that might avoid or reduce project impacts to less than significant levels. A negative declaration (ND) may be prepared instead if the lead agency finds that there is no substantial evidence in light of the whole record that the project may have a significant effect on the environment. An ND is a written statement describing the reasons why a proposed Project, not otherwise exempt from CEQA, would not have a significant effect on the environment and, therefore, why it would not require the preparation of an EIR (CEQA Guidelines Section 15371). According to CEQA Guidelines Section 15070, a ND or mitigated ND shall be prepared for a project subject to CEQA when either:
a. The IS shows there is no substantial evidence, in light of the whole record before the agency, that the proposed Project may have a significant effect on the environment, or b. The IS identified potentially significant effects, but:

1. Revisions in the project plans or proposals made by or agreed to by the applicant before the proposed MND and IS is released for public review would avoid the effects or mitigate the effects to a point where clearly no significant effects would occur is prepared, and

2. There is no substantial evidence, in light of the whole record before the agency, that the proposed Project as revised may have a significant effect on the environment.

1.2 Document Format
This IS/MND contains five sections plus appendices. SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION provides bases of the IS/MND’s regulatory information and an overview of the proposed Project . SECTION 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION provides a detailed description of proposed Project components. SECTION 3 DETERMINATION concludes that the Initial Study is a mitigated negative declaration, identifies the environmental factors potentially affected based on the analyses contained in this IS, and includes with the Lead Agency’s determination based upon those analyses. SECTION 4 EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS presents the CEQA checklist and environmental analyses for all impact areas and the mandatory findings of significance. A brief discussion of the reasons why the Project impact is

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 8 anticipated to be potentially significant, less than significant with mitigation incorporated, less than significant, or why no impacts are expected is included. SECTION 0

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 9 MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM presents the mitigation measures recommended in the IS/MND for the Project. The CalEEMod Output Files, CHRIS Record Search Results, and Phase I ESA/Pre-Demolition Survey are provided as Appendix A, Appendix B, and Appendix C respectively, at the end of this document.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 10 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
This section describes the components of the proposed Project in more detail , including project location, project objectives, and required project approvals.

2.1 Project Title
City of Fresno Senior Center (P24-00678) and Affordable Housing (P24-00214) Project (“Project” or “proposed Project”)

2.2 Lead Agency Name and Address
City of Fresno
2600 Fresno Street
Fresno, CA 93721

2.3 Contact Person and Phone Number
Lead Agency
City of Fresno
Mike Mooneyham, PE
Licensed Professional Engineer
Capital Projects Department
(559) 621-8623

Applicant
City of Fresno
Parks, After School, Recreation, and Community Services 1515 E. Divisadero Street
Fresno, CA 93721

2.4 Study Prepared By
Precision Civil Engineering
1234 O Street
Fresno, CA 93721

2.5 Project Location
The Project site is located on the west side of North Blackstone Avenue between East Holland Avenue and East Swift Avenue at 4343 North Blackstone Avenue , Fresno, CA 93726 , and 4323 -4333 North Blackstone Avenue , Fresno, CA 93726, approximately 0.29 miles west of State Route (SR)-41 (see Figure 2-1). The site consists of two (2) parcels identified as Fresno County Assessor Parcel Number s (APNs) 426-253-17 (4.25 acres) and 426 -253-19 (1.26 acres), totaling approximately 5.51 acres. The site is a portion of Section 16, Township 13 South, Range 20 East, Mount Diablo Base and Meridian. Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3 show the Project vicinity.

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Figure 2-1 Regional Location Map

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Figure 2-2 Project Site Aerial

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Figure 2-3 Project APN Map

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2.6 Latitude and Longitude
The centroid of the Project area is 36.79683597136937, -119.79146471497464.

2.7 General Plan Designation
The Project site has Fresno General Plan land use designation of Corridor/Center Mixed Use (see Figure 2-4).

According to the General Plan, Corridor/Center Mixed Use is intended to allow for horizontal and vertical mixed - use development in multiple story buildings along key circulation corridors (i.e., Blackstone Avenue Corridor) where height and density can be easily accommodated. Primary uses include ground -floor retail and upper -floor residential or offices , with s upporting uses including personal and business services and public and institutional space. Permitted r esidential densities range between 16 and 30 units per acre with a minimum 40 percent residential uses. The maximum floor area ratio (FAR) is 1.5. No change in land use is proposed by the Project.

2.8 Zoning
The Project site is in the CMX – Corridor/Center Mixed Use zone district (see Figure 2-5). According to the Fresno Municipal Code (FMC), the purpose of the CMX Zone District is to provide mixed-use development along key circulation corridors, including retail, office, residential, etc. No change in zoning is proposed by the Project.

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Figure 2-4 City of Fresno General Plan Land Use Map for Project site

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Figure 2-5 City of Fresno Zone District Map for Project site

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2.9 Description of Project
The City of Fresno (Applicant) proposes the development of a Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project (“Project” or “proposed Project”) on two (2) parcels located on the west side of North Blackstone Avenue between East Holland Avenue and East Swift Avenue at 4343 North Blackstone Avenue and 4233 -4333 North Blackstone Avenue (APNs 426-253-17 and 426-253-19) totaling approximately 5.51 acres. The Senior Center would be located on the parcel identified as APN 426 -253-17 and the Senior Affordable Housing w ould be located on the parcel identified as APN 426-253-19. The proposed Project consists of an approximately 35,000 square foot, two (2) story Senior Center and approximately 100 affordable housing units for seniors, which will be prefabricated, modular construction. Additional on-site improvements include parking, open space, recreational amenities (e.g., swimming pool, pickle ball courts, bocci ball courts), landscape and garden areas, pedestrian walkways, trash enclosures, drive aisles, and driveways. The Project would also construct 12 ft. sidewalks and reconstruct existing driveway approaches to City Standards. The Senior Center would provide programs and services for senior residents including, but not limited to, meal and nutrition programs, information and assistance, health and fitness programs, wellness programs, recreation activities, educational and arts programs, etc. to serve approximately 1,162 to 2,323 seniors a year. The Senior Center would operate from 9 am to 6 pm daily.

2.10 Site and Surrounding Land Uses and Setting
Project Setting
The Project site was previously developed with a former grocery store and paved parking lot, that has been demolished. The site is currently vacant and undeveloped with no structures or on-site improvements. Topography of the Project site is generally flat as it has been previously developed and therefore graded and paved. The existing biotic conditions and resources of the Project site is composed of shrubs and trees as part of the site’s urban landscaping.

East Holland Avenue, a two (2) -lane, east-west collector forms the northerly site boundary and North Blackstone Avenue, a six (6)-lane, north-south arterial forms the easterly site boundary. Existing street frontage improvements include curb, gutter, sidewalk, storm-drains, streetlights, etc.

The Blackstone Avenue Corridor is classified by the Fresno General Plan as a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Corridor and Activity Corridor that is targeted for increased urban development through infill, rehabilitation, and mixed uses.

Surrounding Land Uses and Setting
The Project site is in Fresno city limits and is within an established urban neighborhood. The neighborhood has been within city limits since 1978. As referenced in Table 2-1, surrounding existing uses and structures include commercial (north, south, east) and residential (west). Beyond the adjacent parcels, Fresno County Island is located approximately 145 feet west and 35 feet south of the Project site.

Table 2-1 Existing Uses, General Plan Designations, and Zone Districts of Surrounding Properties Direction from
the Project site Existing Use General Plan Designation Zone District North Commercial,
ponding basin
Corridor/Center Mixed Use; Open
Space – Ponding Basin
CMX Corridor/Center Mixed Use;
OS Open Space
East Commercial Corridor/Center Mixed Use CMX Corridor/Center Mixed Use

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 18 South Restaurant,
Church
Corridor/Center Mixed Use;
Residential - Medium High Density
CMX Corridor/Center Mixed Use;
RM-1 Residential Multi-Family,
Medium High Density
West Residential Residential - Medium Density RS-5 Residential Single-Family, Medium Density

2.11 Site Preparation
Site preparation would include demolition, grading and minor excavation for installation of utility infrastructure for conveyance of water, sewer, stormwater, and irrigation. Building, grading, encroachment, site utilities, landscaping, solar, and FMFCD permits would be subject to review and approval by the appropriate agency and/or department to ensure compliance with applicable codes and regulations.

2.12 Project Construction and Phasing
Construction would take place following review and approval of the associated entitlement by the City of Fresno. It is estimated that construction for the Senior Center would begin in December 2024 with completion by August 2026. Operations would begin shortly after construction is completed. An estimated construction timeline for the affordable housing units is unknown at this time.

2.13 Project Components
This section describes the overall components of the Project, such as the proposed buildings, landscap ing, vehicle and pedestrian circulation, and utilities.

Site Layout and Elevations
As shown in Figure 2-6, the Project proposes a 35,000 square foot, two (2)-story Senior Center with related on-site improvements including a paved parking lot providing 153 parking spaces, 100,000 square feet of open space with recreational amenities including a swimming pool, pickle ball courts, bocci ball court, and garden area, landscape areas, pedestrian walkways, trash enclosures, and drive aisles and driveways.

Conceptual elevations for the Senior Center are shown in Figure 2-9. As shown, the Senior Center is a two (2)-story building that would reach a maximum height of 38 feet, six (6) inches. The exterior walls would be covered in cement plaster , with cement board accent s around building entrances . Bronze -framed aluminum storefront windows would also provide visual distinction.

A six (6) foot high wrought iron fence is proposed at the north and east side property lines, as well as interior to the site around landscaped and parking areas. Several pedestrian gates are proposed to provide access within and outside the site.

The site layout and elevations for the affordable housing units is unknown at this time but would be in accordance with FMC requirements as verified and ensured through the entitlement and building permit processes.

Building and Site Design Features
The Project would meet all mandatory requirements for residential and non-residential buildings as outlined in the 2022 Energy Code and verified through the building permit process. Mandatory requirements that would be met include building ventilation and indoor air quality, space conditioning systems, water heating systems, electric power distribution, and electric ready buildings. The Project would not follow any other GreenPoint ratings.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 19 Mandatory requirements apply to building ventilation and indoor air quality, space conditioning systems, water heating systems, electric power distribution, and electric ready buildings.

The Project would be built in accordance with all mandatory indoor water use requirements as outlined in the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code, Title 24, Part 11, Section 4.303 – Indoor Water Use and verified through the building permit process. As a building that contains plumbing fixtures and fittings, the Project shall comply with water-conserving measures for water closets, urinals, showerheads, and faucets. In addition, the Project would be required to install submeters to measure water usage accordance with the California Plumbing Code.

The Project would also be built in accordance with all mandatory outdoor water use requirements as outlined in the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code, Title 24, Part 11, Section 4.304 – Outdoor Water Use and verified through the building permit process. As a development that contains landscaping the Project shall comply with the updated Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO) (California Code of Regulations, Title 23, Chapter 2.7, Division 2), as implemented and enforced through the building permit process. As proposed, the Project meets the MWELO requirements.

Site Circulation and Parking
As shown in Figure 2-6, the Senior Center would be accessible via three (3) point of ingress/egress and one (1) non- through delivery access road for the pantry/kitchen. One (1) point of ingress/egress would be located on the eastern property line on North Blackstone Avenue, one (1) point of ingress/egress and the access road would be located on the north side of the property on East Holland Avenue, and one (1) point of ingress/egress would be located on the south side of the property on East Swift Avenue. The Project proposes a paved parking lot with 153 parking stalls, in addition to a bicycle rack with space for six (6) bicycles . Of the 153 proposed parking spaces, 35 would be “EV Capable” (i.e., a parking space linked to a listed electrical panel with sufficient capacity to provide at least 110/120 volts and 20 amperes to the parking space) and nine (9) would be with electric vehicle service equipment (EVSE) , accounting for 25% of the parking spaces in accordance with the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code, Title 24, Part 11. Additionally, 13 EVCS parking spaces , one (1) EVCS standard accessible space, and one (1) EVCS van accessible space would be provided on -site. Inside/outside turning radii are also proposed per City of Fresno Standards for fire and solid waste vehicle access.

The site circulation and parking for the affordable housing units is unknown at this time but would be in accordance with FMC requirements as verified and ensured through the entitlement and building permit processes.

Open Space and Landscaping
Proposed open space is depicted in Figure 2-6. As shown, the Project proposes 100,000 square feet of open space with on -site recreational amenities including a swimming pool, pickle ball courts, bocci ball court garden area, landscape areas, and pedestrian walkways.

Open space and landscaping for the affordable housing units is unknown at this time but would be in accordance with FMC requirements as verified and ensured through the entitlement and building permit processes.

Public Services and Utilities
The Project site is within city limits and thus, would be required to connect to water, wastewater, and stormwater services. Natural gas, electricity, telecommunications, and solid waste services are provided by private companies.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 20 In addition, the Project would be subject to fees for the construction, acquisition, and improvements for public services including but not limited to: Fire Protection Services, Police Protection Services, and Schools.

2.14 Required Project Approvals
The City of Fresno requires the following review, permits, and/or approvals for the proposed Project. Other approvals not listed below may be required as identified through the entitlement process. In addition, other agencies may have the authority to issue permits prior to implementation of the Project as listed below. • Development Permit
• Building Permit
• Grading Permit
• Site Utilities Permit
• Encroachment Permit
• Solar Permit
• Landscaping Permit
• Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District
• Fresno County Department of Public Health
• San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District
• California Regional Water Quality Control Board

2.15 Technical Studies
The analysis of the Project throughout this Initial Study relied in part on the technical studies listed below prepared for the Project, as well as other sources, including the City of Fresno General Plan and Fresno Municipal Code .

Technical studies conducted for this Project are incorporated throughout the IS and provided in the following appendices.
• Appendix A: CalEEMod Output Files (Annual)
• Appendix B: CHRIS Record Search Results
• Appendix C: Phase I ESA and Pre-Demolition Survey

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Figure 2-6 Site Plan for Senior Center

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Figure 2-7 Senior Center Ground Level Floor Plan

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Figure 2-8 Senior Center Second Level Floor Plan

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Figure 2-9 Senior Center Exterior Elevations

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2.16 Consultation with California Native American Tribes The State requires lead agencies to consider the potential effects of proposed projects and consult with California Native American tribes during the local planning process for the purpose of protecting Traditional Tribal Cultural Resources through the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines. Pursuant to PRC Section 21080.3.1, the lead agency shall begin consultation with the California Native American tribe that is traditionally and culturally affiliated with the geographical area of the pro posed project. Such significant cultural resources are either sites, features, places, cultural landscapes, sacred places, and objects with cultural value to a tribe which is either on or eligible for inclusion in the California Historic Register or local historic register, or, the lead agency, at its discretion, and support by substantial evidence, choose to treat the resources as a Tribal Cultural Resources (PRC Section 21074(a)(1-2)). According to the most recent census data, California is home to 109 cu rrently recognized Indian tribes. Tribes in California currently have nearly 100 separate reservations or Rancherias. Fresno County has a number of Rancherias such as Table Mountain Rancheria, Millerton Rancheria, Big Sandy Rancheria, Cold Springs Rancheria, and Squaw Valley Rancheria. These Rancherias are not located within the city limits.

Conducting consultation early in the CEQA process allows tribal governments, lead agencies, and project proponents to discuss the level of environmental review, identify and address potential adverse impacts to tribal cultural resources, and reduce the pot ential for delay and conflict in the environmental review process. (See PRC Section 21083.3.2.) Information may also be available from the California Native American Heritage Commission’s Sacred Lands File per PRC Section 5097.96 and the California Historical Resources Information System administered by the California Office of Historic Preservation. Please also note that PRC Section 21082.3(c) contains provisions specific to confidentiality.

Currently, the Table Mountain Rancheria Tribe and the Dumna Wo Wah Tribe have requested to be notified pursuant to Assembly Bill 52 (AB 52). A certified letter was mailed to the above-mentioned tribes on June 7, 2022.

The 30 -day period for the tribes to request consultation ended on July 7, 2022 . Neither tribe requested consultation.

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3.1 Environmental Factors Potentially Affected
As indicated by the discussions of existing and baseline conditions, and impact analyses that follow in this Chapter, environmental factors not checked below would have no impacts or less than significant impacts resulting from the project. The environmental factors checked below would be potentially affected by this project, involving at least one impact that is a "Potentially Significant Impact" as indicated by the checklist on the following pages. Mitigation measures are recommended for each of the potentially significant i mpacts that would reduce the impact to less than significant.

Aesthetics
Agriculture and Forestry Resources
Air Quality
Biological Resources
Cultural Resources
Energy
Geology and Soils
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Hazards and Hazardous Materials
Hydrology and Water Quality
Land Use Planning
Mineral Resources
Noise
Population and Housing
Public Services
Recreation
Transportation
Tribal and Cultural Resources
Utilities and Service Systems
Wildfire
The analyses of e nvironmental impacts in SECTION 4 EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS result in an impact statement, which shall have the following meanings.

Potentially Significant Impact. This category is applicable if there is substantial evidence that an effect may be significant, and no feasible mitigation measures can be identified to reduce impacts to a less than significant level.

If there are one or more “Potentially Significant Impact” entries when the determination is made, an EIR is required.

Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated. This category applies where the incorporation of mitigation measures would reduce an effect from a “Potentially Significant Impact” to a “Less Than Significant Impact.” The lead agency must describe the mitigation measure(s), and briefly explain how they would reduce the effect to a less than significant level (mitigation measures from earlier analyses may be cross-referenced).

Less Than Significant Impact. This category is identified when the proposed Project would result in impacts below the threshold of significance, and no mitigation measures are required.

No Impact. This category applies when a project would not create an impact in the specific environmental issue area. “No Impact” answers do not require a detailed explanation if they are adequately supported by the information sources cited by the lead agency, which show that the impact does not apply to the specific project (e.g., the project falls outside a fault rupture zone). A “No Impact” answer should be explained where it is based on project-specific factors as well as general standards (e.g., the pr oject will not expose sensitive receptors to pollutants, based on a project-specific screening analysis).

3.2 Determination
On the basis of this initial evaluation (to be completed by the Lead Agency):

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339981v1
I find that the proposed project COULD NOT have a significant effect on the environment, and a NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared.

I find that although the proposed project could have a significant effect on the environment, there will not be a significant effect in this case because revisions in the project have been made by or agreed to by the project proponent. A MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared.

I find that the proposed project MAY have a significant effect on the environment, and an ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT (EIR) is required.

I find that the proposed project MAY have a “potentially significant impact” or “potentially significant unless mitigated” impact on the environment, but at least one effect 1) has been adequately analyzed in an earlier document pursuant to applicable legal standards, and 2) has been addressed by mitigation measures based on the earlier analysis as described on attached sheets. An EIR is required, but it must analyze only the effects that remain to be addressed.

I find that although the proposed project could have a significant effect on the environment, because all potentially significant effects (a) have been analyzed adequately in an earlier EIR or NEGATIVE DECLARATION pursuant to applicable standards, and (b) have been avoided or mitigated pursuant to that earlier EIR or NEGATIVE DECLARATION, including revisions or mitigation measures that are imposed upon the proposed project, nothing further is required.

Approved By:

Mike Mooneyham, PE, Licensed Professional Engineer Date City of Fresno, Capital Projects Department

October 28, 2024

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4.1 AESTHETICS
Except as provided in Public Resources
Code Section 21099, would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Have a substantial adverse effect on
a scenic vista? X
b) Substantially damage scenic
resources, including, but not limited
to, trees, rock out-croppings, and
historic buildings within a state
scenic highway?
X
c) In non -urbanized areas,
substantially degrade the existing
visual character or quality public
views of the site and its
surroundings? (Public views are
those that are experienced from
publicly accessible vantage point).

If the project is in an urbanized area,
would the project conflict with
applicable zoning and other
regulations governing scenic
quality?
X
d) Create a new source of substantial
light or glare which would adversely
affect day or nighttime views in the
area?
X

4.1.1 Environmental Setting
The city of Fresno is located within Fresno County in the San Joaquin Valley in central California. The Project site is located in the central area of the city of Fresno. The Project site is within a fully developed, urban neighborhood surrounded by a mix of existing land uses including commercial (north, east, and west ), residential (west), and ponding basin (north). The area contains existing infrastructure including roadways, streetlights, parking lot lights, and ambient light sources.

4.1.2 Impact Assessment
a) Have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista? No Impact. The Project site does not contain nor is it near any scenic vistas including but not limited to vista points or scenic corridors. The Fresno General Plan identifies “Vista Points” and “Scenic Corridors” within the Fresno Sphere of Influence. Identified Vista Points are situated near and along the San Joaquin River, which is more than

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 29 four (4) miles north of the Project site. Van Ness Boulevard is identified as a Scenic Corridor and is approximately

0.5 miles west of the Project site. Thus, because the scenic vistas are not on or near the Project site, it can be determined that the Project would have no impact on a scenic vista. b) Substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock out -croppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway?
No Impact. According to the California Scenic Highway Program , the nearest eligible state scenic highway (State Route 168) is approximately 2.3 miles northeast of the Project site. 1 As such, the Project would not damage scenic resources, including trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway and no impact would occur because of the Project.
c) In non-urbanized areas, substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of public views of the site and its surroundings? (Public views are those that are experienced from publicly accessible vantage point). If the project is in an urbanized area, would the project conflict with applicable zoning and other regulations governing scenic quality?
Less than Significant Impact. The Project site is within an urbanized area surrounded by commercial and residential uses. According to the Fresno General Plan, the Project site has a planned land use designation of Corridor/Center Mixed Use. The Corridor/Center Mixed -Use land use designation is intended to allow for horizontal and vertical mixed-use development in multiple story buildings along key circulation corridors (i.e., Blackstone Avenue Corridor) where height and density can be easily accommodated. Primary uses include ground -floor retail and upper -floor residential or offices, with personal and business services and public and institutional space as supportive uses. The General Plan provides specific policies and objectives for the Corridor/Center Mixed Use land use designation including Implementing Policies UF -12-a. BRT Corridors, UF -12-b. Activity Centers, UF-12-c. Local -Serving Neighborhood Centers, UF-12-d. Appropriate Mixed-Use, LU-2-a. Infill Development and Redevelopment, and LU- 5-i. Housing for Seniors. Compliance with t hese policies would ensure that the Project would not conflict with regulations governing scenic quality.

The Project site is within the CMX – Corridor/Center Mixed Use Zone District. According to Section 15 -1101 of the Fresno Municipal Code, the CMX Corridor/Center Mixed-Use Zone District is intended to allow for either horizontal or vertical mixed -use develo pment along key circulation corridors (i.e., Blackstone Avenue Corridor) in the city where height and density can be easily accommodated. Development of the Project site is subject to the City of Fresno entitlement and building permit process for review an d approval by the City. Through this process, the Project shall meet all applicable zoning regulations including but not limited to density, intensity, and massing development standards (FMC Section 15-1103), site design development standards (FMC Section 15-1104), façade design development standards (FMC Section 15-1105), and other policies and regulations governing scenic quality (i.e., General Plan, Building Code).

1 Caltrans. California State Scenic Highway System Map. Accessed on September 12, 2024, https://caltrans.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=465dfd3d807c46cc8e8057116f1aacaa

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Through compliance with the General Plan and Zoning Ordinance, it can be determined that the visual character of the Project would be compatible with the existing commercial development in the area and thus would not substantially degrade existing visual character due to its size and character. Impacts would be less than significant. d) Create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area?
Less than Significant Impact. Generally, lighting impacts are associated with artificial lighting in evening hours either through interior lighting from windows or exterior lighting (e.g., street lighting, parking lot lighting, landscape lighting, cars, and trucks). The Project site is previously developed and is located within an urban neighborhood. As such, the site and the area contain existing infrastructure including roadways, streetlights, parking lot lights, and ambient light sources. Re-development of the Project site would not result in significant increases in the amount of light from streetlights, exterior lighting, and vehicular headlights that otherwise already occur in the area.

Project construction may introduce light and glare resulting from construction activities that could adversely affect day or nighttime views. Although construction activities are anticipated to occur primarily during daylight hours, it is possible that some activities could occur during dusk or early evening hours. Section 10-109 of the FMC permits construction work to take place between 7:00 am and 10:00 pm on any day except Sunday, for work that is accomplished pursuant to a building permit. Construction during these time periods could result in temporary and short-term light and glare from construction vehicles or equipment. However, once construction is completed, any light and glare from these activities would cease to occur.

Once developed, the Project would be required to comply with the General Plan and Fresno Municipal Code, which contain specific, enforceable requirements and/or restrictions intended to prevent light and glare impacts.

Conceptual elevations for the Senior Center are shown in Figure 2-9. As shown, the Senior Center is a two (2)-story building that would reach a maximum height of 38 feet, six (6) inches. The exterior walls would be covered in cement plaster, with cement board accents around building entrances. Bronze -framed aluminum store front windows would also provide visual distinction. These materials are non -reflective. The affordable housing units would be developed in accordance with FMC requirements, which ensure project design features that would prevent light and glare impacts.

Further, c ompliance with Title 24 lighting requirements would reduce impacts related to nighttime light. The lighting requirements cover outdoor spaces including regulations for mounted luminaires (i.e., high efficacy, motion sensor controlled, time clocks, energy m anagement control systems, etc.). As such, conditions imposed on the Project by the City pursuant to Title 24 would reduce light and glare impacts to a less than significant impact.

4.1.3 Mitigation Measures
None required.

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4.2 AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY RESOURCES
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Convert Prime Farmland, Unique
Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide
Importance (Farm -land), as shown
on the maps prepared pursuant to
the Farmland Mapping and Monito-
ring Program of the California
Resources Agency, to non -
agricultural use?
X
b) Conflict with existing zoning for
agricultural use, or a Williamson Act
contract?
X
c) Conflict with existing zoning for, or
cause rezoning of, forest land (as
defined in Public Resources Code
section 12220(g)), timberland (as
defined by Public Resources Code
section 4526), or timberland zoned
Timberland Production (as defined
by Government Code section
51104(g))?
X
d) Result in the loss of forest land or
conversion of forest land to non -
forest use?
X
e) Involve other changes in the
existing environment which, due to
their location or nature, could result
in conversion of Farmland, to non-
agricultural use or conversion of
forest land to non-forest use?
X

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4.2.1 Environmental Setting
The Project site is located within the city limits of Fresno . The Project site is zoned CMX – Corridor/Center Mixed Use and has a planned land use designation of Corridor/Center Mixed Use. The site was previously developed with a 40,564 -square foot (sf.) grocery store , strip mall, and improvements such as paved parking lot , curb, gutter, sidewalks, landscaping, etc. The existing biotic site conditions and resources of the site can be defined primarily as urban landscaping with trees and shrubs. There are no water features on site. The Project site does not contain any agricultural lands or operations nor forestry resources such as forest land or timberland.

Farmland Monitoring and Mapping Program
The California Department of Conservation manages the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program (FMMP) that provides maps and data for analyzing land use impacts to farmland. The FMMP produces the Important Farmland Finder as a resource map that shows quality (soils) and land use information. Agricultural land is rated according to soil quality and irrigation status, in addition to many other physical and chemical characteristics. The highest quality land is called “Prime Farmland.” Maps are updated every tw o years. According to the Farmland Monitoring and Mapping Program, California Important Farmland Finder, the Project site is categorized as “Urban and Built -Up Land” as of 2018.2
California Land Conservation Act
The California Land Conservation Act of 1965 (i.e., the Williamson Act) allows local governments to enter contracts with private landowners to restrict parcels of land agricultural or open space uses. In return, property tax assessments of the restricted p arcels are lower than full market value. The minimum length of a Williamson Act contract is 10 years and automatically renews upon its anniversary date; as such, the contract length is essentially indefinite. The Project site nor the surrounding properties are subject to the Williamson Act Contract.

4.2.2 Impact Assessment
a) Convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (Farmland), as shown on the maps prepared pursuant to the Farm land Mapping and Monitoring Program of the California Resources Agency, to non-agricultural use?
No Impact. The Project site is designated as “Urban and Built-Up Land” and lands in its immediate vicinity are mostly designated as “Urban and Built-Up Land” according to the FMMP. As such, the Project site is not located on lands designated as “Prime Farmland,” “Unique Farmland,” or “Farmland of Statewide Importance.” For this reason, the Project would result in no impact.

2 California Department of Conservation. (2018). California Important Farmland Finder. Accessed on September 12, 2024, https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/DLRP/CIFF/

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 33 b) Conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use or a Williamson Act contract? No Impact. The Project site is not zoned for or located within an area zoned for agricultural uses and is not under Williamson Act contract. Thus, the Project w ould not conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use, or a Williamson Act contract and no impact would occur.
c) Conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land (as defined in Public Resources Code section 12220(g)), timberland (as defined by Public Resources Code section 4526), or timberland zoned Timberland Production (as defined by Government Code section 51104(g))? No Impact. The Project site is not planned or zoned for forest land, timberland, or timberland zoned Timberland Production. Further, the Project site would not cause the rezoning of forest land, timberland, or timberland zoned Timberland Production. As a result, the Project would not conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land, timberland, or timberland zoned Timberland Production and no impact would occur. d) Result in the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non-forest use? No Impact. The Project site does not contain forest land and is not planned or zoned for forest land or forest uses.

Implementation of the Project would therefore not result in the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non-forest use. As a result, no impact would occur.
e) Involve other changes in the existing environment, which, due to their location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland to non-agricultural use or conversion of forest land to non-forest use? No Impact. The Project site is in a developed and urbanized neighborhood within the Fresno city limits. The site nor adjacent properties contain farmland, agricultural uses, or forest land. Implementation of the Project would therefore not result in changes in the existing environment that would result in the conversion of farmland or forest land. No impact would occur.

4.2.3 Mitigation Measures
None required

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4.3 AIR QUALITY
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Conflict with or obstruct
implementation of the applicable air
quality plan (e.g., by having potential
emissions of regulated criterion
pollutants which exceed the San
Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control
Districts (SJVAPCD) adopted
thresholds for these pollutants)?
X
b) Result in a cumulatively considerable
net increase of any criteria pollutant
for which the project region is non -
attainment under an applicable
federal or state ambient air quality
standard?
X
c) Expose sensitive receptors to
substantial pollutant concentrations? X
d) Result in other emissions (such as
those leading to odors) adversely
affecting a substantial number of
people?
X

4.3.1 Environmental Setting
The Project is located within the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin (SJVAB). The San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District (SJVAPCD) regulates air quality in eight (8) counties including: Fresno, Kern, Kings, Madera, Merced, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, and Tulare. The San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District (SJVAPCD) oversees the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin.

Impacts on air quality result from emissions generated during short -term activities (construction) and long -term activities (operations). Construction -related emissions consist mainly of exhaust emissions (NOx and PM) from construction equipment and other mobile sources, and fugitive dust (PM) emissions from earth moving activities.

Operational emissions are source specific and consist of permitted equipment and activities and non -permitted equipment and activities.

Air pollution in the SJVAB can be attributed to both human -related (anthropogenic) and natural (non - anthropogenic) activities that produce emissions. Air pollution from significant anthropogenic activities in the SJVAB includes a variety of industrial -based sources as well as on - and off-road mobile sources. Four main sources of air pollutant emissions in the SJVAB are motor vehicles, industrial plan ts, agricultural activities, and construction activities. All four of the major pollutant sources affect ambient air quality throughout the Air Basin. These sources, coupled with geographical and meteorological conditions unique to the area, stimulate the formation of unhealthy

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 35 air. Air pollutants can remain in the atmosphere for long periods and can build to unhealthful levels when stagnant conditions that are common in the San Joaquin Valley occur. Pollutants are transported downwind from urban areas with many emission sources which are also recirculated back to the urban areas.

Further, the SJVAB is in non-attainment for ozone, PM10, and PM2.5, which means that certain pollutants' exposure levels are often higher than the normal air quality requirements. The air quality standards have been set to protect public health, particularly the health of vulnerable people. Therefore, if the concentratio n of those contaminants exceeds the norm, some susceptible individuals in the population are likely to experience health effects.

Concentration of the pollutant in the air, the length of tim e exposed and the individual's reaction are factors that affect the extent and nature of the health effects.

San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District
The SJVAPCD is the agency primarily responsible for ensuring that NAAQS and CAAQS are not exceeded and that air quality conditions are maintained in the SJVAB, within which the Project is located. Responsibilities of the SJVAPCD include, but are not limite d to, preparing plans for the attainment of ambient air quality standards, adopting and enforcing rules and regulations concerning sources of air pollution, issuing permits for stationary sources of air pollution, inspecting stationary sources of air pollu tion and responding to citizen complaints, monitoring ambient air quality and meteorological conditions, and implementing programs and regulations required by the FCAA and the CCAA.

The SJVAPCD rules and regulations that may apply to projects that will occur during buildout of the Project include but are not limited to the following:

Rule 2010 – Permits Required. The purpose of this rule is to require any person constructing, altering, replacing or operating any source operation which emits, may emit, or may reduce emissions to obtain an Authority to Construct or a Permit to Operate. This rule also explains the posting requirements for a Permit to Operate and the illegality of a person willfully altering, defacing, forging, counterfeiting or falsifying any Permit to Operate.

Rule 2201 – New and Modified Stationary Source Review Rule. The purpose of this rule is to provide for the following:

The review of new and modified Stationary Sources of air pollution and to provide mechanisms including emission trade-offs by which Authorities to Construct such sources may be granted, without interfering with the attainment or maintenance of Ambient Air Quality Standards; and
No net increase in emissions above specified thresholds from new and modified Stationary Sources of all nonattainment pollutants and their precursors.

Rule 4001 – New Source Performance Standards. This rule incorporates the New Source Performance Standards from Part 60, Chapter 1, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).

Rule 4002 – National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants. This rule incorporates the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Part 61, Chapter I, Subchapter C, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Source Categories from Part 63, Chapter I, Subchapter C, Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).

Rule 4102 – Nuisance. The purpose of this rule is to protect the health and safety of the public and applies to any source operation that emits or may emit air contaminants or other materials.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 36 Rule 4601 – Architectural Coatings. The purpose of this rule is to limit VOC emissions from architectural coatings.

This rule specifies architectural coatings storage, cleanup, and labeling requirements.

Rule 4641 – Cutback, Slow Cure, and Emulsified Asphalt, Paving and Maintenance Operations. The purpose of this rule is to limit VOC emissions from asphalt paving and maintenance operations. This rule applies to the manufacture and use of cutback asphalt, slow cure asphalt and emulsified asphalt for paving and maintenance operations.

Regulation VIII – Fugitive PM10 Prohibitions. The purpose of Regulation VIII (Fugitive PM10 Prohibitions) is to reduce ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM10) by requiring actions to prevent, reduce or mitigate anthropogenic fugitive dust emissions.

Rule 9510 – Indirect Source Review. The purposes of this rule are to:

1. Fulfill the District’s emission reduction commitments in the PM10 and Ozone Attainment Plans.

2. Achieve emission reductions from the construction and use of development projects through design features and on-site measures.

3. Provide a mechanism for reducing emissions from the construction of and use of development projects through off-site measures.

Fresno General Plan
In regard to local measures and thresholds for air quality impacts, t he Fresno General Resource and Conservation Element outlines goals, objectives, and policies for addressing air quality. A sample of applicable goals and policies are as follows:

Objective RC -4: In cooperation with other jurisdictions and agencies in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin, take necessary actions to achieve and maintain compliance with State and federal air quality standards for criteria pollutants.

Policy RC‐4‐a: Support Regional Efforts. Support and lead, where appropriate, regional, State and federal programs and actions for the improvement of air quality, especially the SJVAPCD’s efforts to monitor and control air pollutants from both stationary and mobile sources and implement Reasonably Available Control Measures in the Ozone Attainment Plan.

Policy RC ‐4‐b: Conditions of Approval. Develop and incorporate air quality maintenance requirements, compatible with Air Quality Attainment and Maintenance Plans, as conditions of approval for General Plan amendments, community plans, Specific Plans, neighborhood plans, Concept Plans, and deve lopment proposals.

Policy RC‐4‐c: Evaluate Impacts with Models. Continue to require the use of computer models used by SJVAPCD to evaluate the air quality impacts of plans and projects that require such environmental review by the City.

4.3.2 Thresholds of Significance
To assist local jurisdictions in the evaluation of air quality impacts, the SJVAPCD has published the Guide for Assessing and Mitigating Air Quality Impacts (GAMAQI). This guidance document includes recommended thresholds of significance to be used for the evaluation of short -term construction, long -term operational, odor,

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 37 toxic air contaminant, and cumulative air quality impacts. Accordingly, the SJVAPCD -recommended thresholds of significance are used to determine whether implementation of the proposed Project would result in a significant air quality impact. Projects that exceed these recommended thresholds would be considered to have a potentially significant impact to human health and welfare. The thresholds of significance are summarized, as follows:
(1) Criteria Air Pollutants: SJVAPCD adopted thresholds of significance for criteria air pollutants, as shown in Table 4-1. The thresholds of significance are based on a calendar year basis. For construction emissions, the annual emissions are evaluated on a rolling 12-month period. The following summarizes these thresholds:

Short-Term Emissions of Particulate Matter (PM10): Construction impacts associated with the proposed Project would be considered significant if the feasible control measures for construction in compliance with Regulation VIII as listed in the SJVAPCD guidelines are not incorporated or implemented, or if project -generated emissions would exceed 15 tons per year (TPY).

Short-Term Emissions of Ozone Precursors (ROG and NOX): Construction impacts associated with the proposed Project would be considered significant if the project generates emissions of Reactive Organic Gases (ROG) or NO X that exceeds 10 TPY.

Long-Term Emissions of Particulate Matter (PM10): Operational impacts associated with the proposed Project would be considered significant if the project generates emissions of PM10 that exceed 15 TPY.

Long-Term Emissions of Ozone Precursors (ROG and NOX): Operational impacts associated with the proposed Project would be considered significant if the project generates emissions of ROG or NOX that exceeds 10 TPY.

Table 4-1 SJVAPCD Recommended Air Quality Thresholds of Significance2F 3 Pollutant
Significance Threshold
Construction Emissions
(tons/year)
Operational Emission
(tons/year)
CO 100 100
NOX 10 10
ROG 10 10
SOX 27 27
PM10 15 15
PM2.5 15 15
(2) Conflict with or Obstruct Implementation of Applicable Air Quality Plan: Due to the region’s nonattainment status for ozone, PM 2.5, and PM 10, if the Project-generated emissions of either of the ozone precursor pollutants (i.e., ROG and NO x) or PM 10 would exceed the SJVAPCD’s significance thresholds, then the Project would be considered to conflict with the attainment plans. In addition, if the Project would result in a change in land use and

3 SJVAPCD. (2015). Guidance for Assessing and Mitigating Air Quality Impacts. Accessed on September 12, 2024, https://www.valleyair.org/transportation/GAMAQI-2015/FINAL-DRAFT-GAMAQI.PDF

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 38 corresponding increases in vehicle miles traveled, the Project may result in an increase in vehicle miles traveled that is unaccounted for in regional emissions inventories contained in regional air quality control plans. (3) Local Mobile-Source CO Concentrations: Local mobile source impacts associated with the proposed Project would be considered significant if the project contributes to CO concentrations at receptor locations in excess of the CAAQS (i.e., 9.0 ppm for 8 hours or 20 ppm for 1 hour). (4) Toxic Air Contaminants: Exposure to toxic air contaminants (TAC) would be considered significant if the probability of contracting cancer for the Maximally Exposed Individual (i.e., maximum individual risk) would exceed 10 in 1 million or would result in a Hazard Index greater than one (1).

As recommended by the SJVAPCD, the latest approved California Air Pollution Control Officer’s Association (CAPCOA) methodology was utilized as the TAC screening methodology. According to the CAPCOA Guidance Document titled “Health Risk Assessments for Proposed Land Use Projects,” there are two (2) types of land use project that have the potential to cause long-term public health risk impacts. These project types are as follows:
• Type A: Land use projects with toxic emissions that impact receptors, and • Type B: Land use project that will place receptors in the vicinity of existing toxics sources.

In this Guidance document, Type A projects examples are (project impacts receptors):
• combustion related power plants,
• gasoline dispensing facilities,
• asphalt batch plants,
• warehouse distribution centers,
• quarry operations, and
• other stationary sources that emit toxic substances.
(5) Odor: The intensity of an odor source’s operations and its proximity to sensitive receptors influences the potential significance of odor emissions. Specific land uses that are considered sources of undesirable odors include landfills, transfer stations, composting facilities, sewage treatment plants, wastewater pump stations, asphalt batch plants and rendering plants. The SJVAPCD has identified these common types of facilities that have been known to produce odors in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin and has prep ared screening levels for potential odor sources ranging from one (1) to two (2) miles of distance from the odor -producing facility to sensitive receptors. Odor impacts associated with the proposed Project would be considered significant if the project has the potential to frequently expose members of the public to objectionable odors. (6) Ambient Air Quality: The SJVAPCD applies the following guidance in determining whether an ambient air quality analysis should be performed: when assessing the significance of project -related impacts on air quality, it should be noted that the impacts may be significant when on -site emission increases from construction activities or operational activities exceed the 100 pounds per day screening level of any criteria pollutant after implementation of all enforceable mitigation measures. Under such circumstances, the SJVAPCD recommends that an ambient air quality analysis be performed.

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4.3.3 Impact Assessment
a) Would the project conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan (e.g., by having potential emissions of regulated criterion pollutants which exceed the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control Districts (SJVAPCD) adopted thresholds for these pollutants)? Less than Significant Impact. According to the GAMAQI, projects with emissions below the thresholds of significance for criteria pollutants would be determined to “not conflict or obstruct implementation of the District’s air quality plan.” The following analysis estimates criteria pollutants for buildout under the proposed Project using CalEEModTM (Version 2022.1.1.26) that was modeled on October 7, 2024. Output files are provided in Appendix A.

Construction Emissions
Construction activities associated with Project development would generally include demolition, site preparation, grading, building construction, paving, and architectural coating. Table 4-2 provides the estimated construction criteria pollutant emissions of Project buildout. As shown, all estimated emissions are below significance thresholds.

As a result, it can be anticipated that construction emissions as a result of the implementation of the Project would be less than significant.

Table 4-2 Construction Emissions of Criteria Air Pollutants, Unmitigated Emissions Source (Tons Per Year) CO NOx ROG PM10 PM2.5
Construction Year 2024 0.23 0.26 0.03 0.02 0.01
Construction Year 2025 2.16 1.59 0.20 0.29 0.16
Construction Year 2026 0.13 0.08 0.42 0.01 <0.005
Maximum Year of Emissions 2.16 1.59 0.42 0.29 0.16
Significance Threshold 100 10 10 15 15
Exceed Threshold? No No No No No
Source: CalEEMod, Version 2022.1.1.26, ran on October 7, 2024. See Appendix A.

Operational Emissions
Pollutants of concern include ROG, NOX, CO, PM10, and PM2.5. Table 4-3 provides the estimated operational criteria pollutant emissions of Project buildout. As shown, all estimated emissions are below significan ce thresholds.

Therefore, the operational emissions would be less than significant.

Table 4-3 Operational Emissions of Criteria Air Pollutants, Unmitigated Emissions Source (Tons Per Year) CO NOx ROG PM10 PM2.5
Area 5.27 0.77 0.86 1.07 0.28
Energy 1.59 0.06 0.76 0.14 0.13
Mobile 0.11 0.20 0.01 0.02 0.02
Total Operational Emissions 6.97 1.02 1.63 1.22 0.42
Significance Threshold 100 10 10 15 15
Exceed Threshold? No No No No No
Source: CalEEMod, Version 2022.1.1.26, ran on October 7, 2024. See Appendix A.

Toxic Air Contaminants
Regarding TAC, the proposed Project does not consist of any Type A land uses that have the potential to produce toxic emissions , including combustion related power plants, asphalt batch plants , and quarry operations. In

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 40 addition, the Project does not propose facilities for gasoline dispensing, warehouse distribution centers, or other stationary sources that emit toxic substances. Thus, based on this analysis utilizing the methodology outlined by the CAPCOA Guidelines, the proposed project is screened out and d oes not require a Health Risk Assessment and would not result in production of significant Toxic Air Contaminants (TACs).

Lastly, the Project shall comply with all rules and regulations administered by the SJVAPCD including but not limited to Rule 9510 (Indirect Source Review) and Regulation VIII (Fugitive PM10 Prohibitions), which requires the approval of a Dust Control Plan prior to construction. The Project may also be subject to Rule 2010 (Permits Required), Rule 2201 (New and Modified Stationary Source Review), Rule 4402 (Nuisance), Rule 4601 (Architectural Coatings), and Rule 4641 (Cutback, Slow Cure, and Emulsified Asph alt, Paving and Maintenance Operations ). The Project design anticipates such requirements and incorporates the measures regarding air quality impacts. Thus, any impacts related to construction activities of the Project would be regulated through SJVAPCD regulations and requirements.

Overall, the Project would not have potential emissions of regulated criterion pollutants that exceed the SJVAPCD adopted thresholds. In addition, the Project shall be conditioned to meet additional rules and regulations administered by the SJVAPCD to mini mize and mitigate on -site emissions. Consequently, the Project would result in a less than significant impact.
b) Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non- attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard? Less than Significant Impact. The SJVAB is in non-attainment for ozone, PM10, and PM2.5, which means that certain pollutants' exposure levels are often higher than the normal air quality requirements. The requirements have been set to protect public health, particularly the health of vulnerable populations. Therefore, if the concentration of those contaminants exceeds the norm, some susceptible individuals in the population are likely to e xperience health effects. Concentration of the pollutant in the air, the length of time exposed and the individual's reaction are factors that affect the extent and nature of the health effects as analyzed in criterion a) above, the Project would have a le ss than significant impact on air quality and are excluded from quantifying criteria pollutant emissions for CEQA purposes. Therefore, the Project would not result in significant cumulative health impacts because the emissions are not at a level that would be considered cumulatively significant. As such, the Project would have a less than significant impact.
c) Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations? Less than Significant Impact. Sensitive receptors are defined as people that have an increased sensitivity to air pollution or environmental contaminants. Sensitive receptor locations include schools, parks and playgrounds, day care centers, nursing homes, hospitals, and residential dw elling unit(s). Sensitive receptors in proximity to the Project site, includes residential dwelling s adjacent to the west and Del Mar Elementary School 0.10 miles southwest of the site. As stated under criterion a) above, emissions during construction or operations of individual projects would not reach the significance thresholds and are not anticipated to result in concentrations that reach or surpass ambient air quality requirements. In addition, implementation of the proposed Project would facilitate the development of a senior center and residential units, which is not a use which results in excessive pollutant concentrations which could impact sensitive receptors. Therefore, the Project would have a less than significant impact on nearby sensitive receptors.

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d) Result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people? Less than Significant Impact. Specific land uses that are considered sources of undesirable odors include landfills, transfer stations, composting facilities, sewage treatment plants, wastewater pump stations, asphalt batch plants and rendering plants. The Project would not consist of such land uses; rather, implementation of the proposed Project consists of a senior center , and thus is unlikely to produce odors that would be considered to adversely affect a substantial number of people. Further , there are no major odor -generating sourc es within the Project vicinity. Although some odors may be emitted during construction of the site (i.e., through diesel fuel and exhaust from equipment), these odors would be temporary and last only during construction activities. For these reasons, any odor impacts associated with the Project would be less than significant.

4.3.4 Mitigation Measures
None required.

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4.4 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Have a substantial adverse effect,
either directly or through habitat
modifications, on any species
identified as a candidate, sensitive, or
special status species in local or
regional plans, policies, or regulations,
or by the California Department of
Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service?
X
b) Have a substantial adverse effect on
any riparian habitat or other sensitive
natural community identified in local
or regional plans, policies, regulations
or by the California Department of
Fish and Game or US Fish and Wildlife
Service?
X
c) Have a substantial adverse effect on
state or federally protected wetlands
(including, but not limited to, marsh,
vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through
direct removal, filling, hydrological
interruption, or other means?
X
d) Interfere substantially with the
movement of any native resident or
migratory fish or wildlife species or
with established native resident or
migratory wildlife corridors, or
impede the use of native wildlife
nursery sites?
X
e) Conflict with any local policies or
ordinances protecting biological
resources, such as a tree preservation
policy or ordinance?
X
f) Conflict with provisions of an adopted
Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural
Community Conservation Plan, or
other approved local, regional, or
state habitat conservation plan.

X

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4.4.1 Environmental Setting
The Project site is within city limits and is surrounded by urbanized land uses. The site has been previously developed with commercial uses.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife – Special-Status Species Database The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) operates an “Information for Planning and Consultation” (IPaC) database, which is a project planning tool for the environmental review process that provides general information on the location of special -status species that are “known” or “expected” to occur ( note: the database does not provide occurrences; refer to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife – Natural Diversity Database below). 4 Specifically, the database identifies 40 endangered species, 13 critical habitats, and 27 migratory birds that are potentially affected in Fresno County.5 The database identified 16 endangered species, no critical habitats, and 16 migratory birds in Fresno City.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife – Critical Habitat Report
Once a species is listed under the federal Endangered Species Act, NOAA Fisheries is required to determine whether there are areas that meet the definition of Critical Habitat. Per NOAA Fisheries, Critical Habitat is defined as:
• Specific areas within the geographical area occupied by the species at the time of listing that contain physical or biological features essential to conservation of the species and that may require special management considerations or protection; and
• Specific areas outside the geographical area occupied by the species if the agency determines that the area itself is essential for conservation. 8F
6 The process of Critical Habitat designation is complex and involves the consideration of scientific data, public and peer review, economic, national security, and other relevant impacts.

According to the Critical Habitat for Threatened & Endangered Species Report updated September 12, 2024 , the Project area and its immediate vicinity (0.50-mile radius from the site) are not located within a federally designated Critical Habitat. 7

4 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Information and Planning Consultation Online System. Accessed on September 12, 2024 , https://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/
5 U.S. fish and Wildlife Service. Information and Planning Consultation Online System. Accessed on September 12, 2024 , https://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/
6 NOAA Fisheries. Critical Habitat. Accessed on September 12, 2024, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/endangered- species-conservation/critical-habitat#key-regulations
7 U.S. Fish & Wildlife. (2021). ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System - USFWS Threatened & Endangered Species Active Critical Habitat Report (updated December 10, 2021). Accessed on September 12, 2024, https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/report/table/critical-habitat.html

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California Department of Fish and Wildlife – Natural Diversity Database The California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) operates the California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB), which is an inventory of the status and locations of special-status plants and animals in California in addition to the reported occurrences of such species. 8 According to the CDFW CNDDB Rarefind database, there are 24 species and 36 species occurrences that have been observed and reported to the CDFW in the Fresno North Quad as designated by the United States Geological Survey (USGS): tricolored blackbird, California tiger salamander, Northern California legless lizard, great egret, California glossy snake, Crotch bumble bee, Swainson’s hawk , succulent owl’s clover, California jewelflower, Fresno kangaroo rat, Antioch efferian robberg fly, snowy egret, western mastiff bat, California satintail, Madera leptosiphon, molestan blister beet le, Hurd’s metapogon robberfly, Northern Claypan Vernal Pool, black-crowned night heron, San Joaquin Valley Orcutt grass, San Joaquin pocket mouse, coast horned lizard, Sanford’s arrowhead, and western spadefoot .9 Of the species, seven (7) species are federally and/or state- listed special-status species. The CNDDB also provides CNDDB-known occurrences within a set geographic location feature, as shown in Figure 4-1. Table 4-4 lists all species CNDDB-known occurrences within the five (5)-mile radius of the Project site. Since the Project site is fully developed, mostly paved, and does not include water bodies, it does not provide essential habitat for any of the species listed.

Table 4-4 Special-status Species Occurrences with 5-mile Radius of the Project Site Special-status species Date Presence Location
Sanford's arrowhead 1980/x/x Presumed Extant* 0.4 miles west western mastiff bat 1958/11/20 Presumed Extant* 1.2 miles west Sanford's arrowhead 1980/x/x Presumed Extant* 2.8 miles northwest Fresno kangaroo rat 1898/4/23 Extirpated** 3.1 miles southwest tricolored blackbird 1975/4/9 Presumed Extant* 2.8 miles northeast Sanford's arrowhead 1980/9/11 Presumed Extant* 3.2 miles northeast tricolored blackbird 1975/7/x Extirpated** 2.9 miles northeast Sanford's arrowhead 1993/9/23 Presumed Extant* 2.6 miles east double-crested cormorant 2012/5/11 Presumed Extant* 3.1 miles southeast burrowing owl 1990/x/x Presumed Extant* 3.5 miles southeast western mastiff bat 1991/4/17 Presumed Extant* 3.3 miles south pallid bat 1909/10/6 Presumed Extant* 3.4 miles south
snowy egret 2012/5/10 Presumed Extant* 3.5 miles southwest Sanford's arrowhead 2018/11/4 Presumed Extant* 3.8 miles northeast Sanford's arrowhead 2018/11/4 Presumed Extant* 4.0 miles northeast western mastiff bat 1991/4/17 Presumed Extant* 4.5 miles southwest California tiger salamander 2017/2/10 Presumed Extant* 4.4 miles west

8 California Department of Fish and Wildlife. California Natural Diversity Database. Accessed on September 12, 2024, https://wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CNDDB
9 California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Biogeographic Information and Observation System. Accessed on September 12, 2024, https://apps.wildlife.ca.gov/bios/?tool=cnddbQuick

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 45 Sanford's arrowhead 1953/9/9 Presumed Extant* 4.9 miles northwest Sanford's arrowhead 1954/5/23 Presumed Extant* 4.5 miles north Northern Claypan Vernal Pool 1980/1/x Presumed Extant* 4.9 miles north San Joaquin Valley Orcutt grass 1987/6/1 Extirpated** 4.9 miles north succulent owl's-clover 1981/6/2 Possibly Extirpated***
western spadefoot 1995/3/3 Presumed Extant* 5.0 miles north Multiple ( 5-mile accuracy ):
molestan blister beetle, Swainson's
hawk, California jewelflower, coast
horned lizard , Antioch efferian
robberfly, California satintail,
Crotch bumble bee, California tiger
salamander, Madera leptosiphon,
California glossy snake , Hurd's
metapogon robberfly, Northern
California legless lizard
188x-19xx Multiple N/A (5-mile accuracy)
* The most common entry. An occurrence is presumed to still be in existence until evidence to the contrary is received by the CNDDB.
** Only used when the element has been searched for but not seen for many years or when the habitat is destroyed at this site.
*** Evidence of habitat destruction, or population extirpation has been received by the CNDDB for this site, but questions remain as to whether the element still exists.

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Figure 4-1 CNDDB Occurrences

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 47 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service – National Wetlands Inventory The USFWS provides a National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) with detailed information on the abundance, characteristics, and distribution of U.S. wetlands. A search of the USFWS NWI shows no federally protected wetlands (including but not limited to marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) on the Project site or within the immediate vicinity (0.50-mile radius) of the Project site.10F
10 Environmental Protection Agency – WATERS Geoviewer
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) WATERS GeoViewer provides a GeoPlatform based web mapping application of water features by location. According to the WATERS GeoViewer. According to the Waters GeoViewer, there are no surface water features on or in immediate vicinity (0.50-mile radius) of the Project site. 11

4.4.2 Impact Assessment
a) Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? No Impact. The Project site is within the city limits in an urban neighborhood . Topography of the site is generally flat. There is no site vegetation. There are no water features present. Further, there are no recorded occurrences of special-status or critical habitats on the Project site or within the immediate vicinity of the Project. For these reasons, the site conditions do not provide essential habitat for any candidate, sensitive, or special status species that may occur within the Project area. As a result, no impact would occur because of the Project. b) Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or the U.S.

Fish and Wildlife Service?
No Impact. According to the Fresno General Plan, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, there are no known riparian habitats or other sensitive natural communities identified on the Project site or within the immediate vicinity. In addition, the sit e does not contain any water features that would provide habitat for such species. Further, the site is heavily impacted with very little vegetation which would not provide essential habitat. For these reasons, it can be determined that the Project site does not provide any riparian habitat and thus, no impact would occur because of the Project.

10 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. National Wetlands Inventory. Accessed September 12, 2024, https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/data/Mapper.html
11 Environmental Protection Agency. WATERS GeoViewer. Accessed on September 12, 2024, https://epa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ada349b90c26496ea52aab66a092593b

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 48 c) Have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means? No Impact. A search of the NWI shows no federally protected wetlands (including but not limited to marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) on the Project site . Typically, the primary wetland indicators include hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and surface hydrology. The on -site topography consists of developed and paved land with no water features, including ponds or standing water . The site comprises the following soil types, which are subject to low frequency of flooding and ponding: SdA – San Joaquin sandy loam (no flooding, no ponding ).12 Lastly, the site is designated as Zone X on the most recent FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) No. 060 1901570H dated 2/18/2009.13 Zone X is an area of minimal flood hazards with a 0.2 percent -annual-chance of flood (i.e., 500 -year flood). For these reasons, it can be determined that the Project site would not result in any impact on state or federally protected wetlands.
d) Would the project interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites?
No Impact. Wildlife movement corridors are linear habitats that function to connect two (2) or more areas of significant wildlife habitat. These corridors may function on a local level as links between small habitat patches (e.g., streams in urban settings) or may p rovide critical connections between regionally significant habitats (e.g., deer movement corridors).

Wildlife corridors typically include vegetation and topography that facilitate the movements of wild animals from one area of suitable habitat to another, in order to fulfill foraging, breeding, and territorial needs. These corridors often provide cover and protection from predators that may be lacking in surrounding habitats. Wildlife corridors generally include riparian zones and similar linear expanses of contiguous habitat.

As previously mentioned, the Project site does not contain habitat that could support wildlife species in nesting, foraging, or escaping from predators. This is based on the existing conditions of the site including the site’s heavy alteration and no cover, vegetation, or water features. Due to these conditions, it can be determined that the Project would not interfere with wildlife movement and no impact would occur as a result of the Project. e) Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance?
No Impact. While the Fresno General Plan calls for the protection of biological resources, the Project site does not indicate the presence of any sensitive habitat for wildlife features. In addition, the Fresno Municipal Code identifies tree protection and street tree policies. When the Project goes through the City of Fresno entitlement process, the Public Works Department will review t he development for compliance with street trees standards and establish

12 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service. Web Soil Survey. Accessed on September 12, 2024, https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/WebSoilSurvey.aspx 13 FEMA. FEMA Flood Map Service Center. Accessed September 12, 2024, https://msc.fema.gov/portal/home

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 49 conditions during project approval. Due to the lack of any identified special -status species or habitat for special - status species, the Project would not conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources.

Thus, the Project would have no impact.
f) Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan? No Impact. The Project site is within the PG&E San Joaquin Valley Operation and Maintenance Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP). The HCP covers PG&E’s routine operations and maintenance activities and minor new construction, on any PG&E gas and electrical transmission and di stribution facilities, easements, private access routes, or lands owned by PG&E. The Project would not conflict or interfere with HCP. The Project is also located in the planning area of the Recovery Plan for Upland Species of the San Joaquin Valley, which addresses recovery goals for several species. The Project would not conflict with the plan since the site does not provide appropriate habitat for the species mentioned . In addition, the City, County, and Regional Planning Agency do not have any adopted or approved plans for habitat or natural community conservation. For these reasons, the Project would have no impact, and no mitigation measures are required.

4.4.3 Mitigation Measures
None required.

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4.5 CULTURAL RESOURCES
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Cause a substantial adverse change in
the significance of a historical
resource as defined in Section
15064.5?

X

b) Cause a substantial adverse change in
the significance of an archaeological
resource pursuant to Section
15064.5?

X

c) Disturb any human remains, including
those interred outside of formal
cemeteries?

X

4.5.1 Environmental Setting
Generally, the term ‘cultural resources’ describes property types such as prehistoric and historical archaeological sites, buildings, bridges, roadways, and tribal cultural resources. As defined by CEQA, historical resources include sites, structures, objects, or districts that may have historical, prehistoric, architectural, archaeological, cultural, or scientific importance.

The city of Fresno has one (1) National Historical Landmark and 31 individual properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places as of 2019, including the Fresno Memorial Auditorium, Old Fresno Water Tower, Thomas R. Meux Home, Tower Theatre, etc., There are 31 properties listed in the California Register of Historic Resources.

The City of Fresno adopted the Historic Preservation Ordinance in 1979 and maintains a Local Register of Historic Resources that includes places in the National Register, buildings, structures, objects, sites, and districts that have sufficient integrity and are significant in Fresno’s history. There are currently 277 individual properties listed on the Local Register of Historic Resources, including Fresno Buddhist Temple, Fresno Memorial Auditorium, and Helm Building.14 In addition, Fresno also designates four (4) official local historic districts: the Porter Tract, the Wilson Island, Chandler Airfield/Fresno Municipal Airport, and Huntington Boulevard. There are also six (6) districts in Downtown and four (4) districts in the Tower District that have been proposed as historic districts.15

14 City of Fresno. Historic Preservation Database. Accessed on September 12, 2024, https://cityoffresno.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=80d8d181234a46a6a102460db2e9a57a 15 City of Fresno. A Guide to Historic Architecture in Fresno, California . Accessed on September 12, 2024, http://www.historicfresno.org/districts/index.htm

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 51 Tribal Consultation
Currently, the Table Mountain Rancheria Tribe and the Dumna Wo Wah Tribe have requested to be notified pursuant to Assembly Bill 52 (AB 52). A certified letter was mailed to the above-mentioned tribes on June 7, 2022.

The 30 -day period for the tribes to request consultation ended on July 7, 2022 . Neither tribe requested consultation.

Record Search
The Southern San Joaquin Information Center (SSJIC) conducted a California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS) Record Search for the Project site and surrounding area (0.50-mile radius) on June 20, 2022 (Record Search File Number 22-238). The search results do not show any formally recorded prehistoric or historic archeological resources or historic buildings within the Project area or within the 0.5 -mile radius. There are no cultural resources within the Project area or 0.5-mile radius listed in the National Register of Historic Places, the California Register of Historical Resources, the California Points of Historical Interest, California Inventory of Historic Resources, or the California State Historic Landmarks. The SSJIC Correspondence is provided in Appendix B.

4.5.2 Impact Assessment
a) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to Section 15064.5? Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated. Based on the CHRIS Records Search conducted on June 20, 2022, there are no known local, state, or federal designated historical resources on the Project site or within the Project area. However, while there is no evidence that historical resources exist on the Project site, there is some possibility that hidden and buried resources may exist on the Project site with no surface evidence. Thus, to further assure construction activities do no t result in significant impacts to any potential cultural resources discovered below ground surface, the Project shall incorporate Mitigation Measure CUL-1. Thus, if such resources were discovered, implementation of the required mitigation measure w ould reduce the impact to less than significant. As a result, the Project will have a less than significant impact with mitigation incorporated.

Mitigation Measure CUL-1: If previously unknown resources are encountered before or during grading activities, construction shall stop in the immediate vicinity of the find and a qualified historical resources specialist shall be consulted to determine whether the resource requires further study. The qualified historical resources specialist shall make recommendations to the City on the measures that shall be implemented to protect the discovered resources, including but not limited to excavation of the fin ds and evaluation of the finds in accordance with Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines and the City’s Historic Preservation Ordinance. If the resources are determined to be unique historical resources as defined under Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines, measures shall be identified by the monitor and recommended to the Lead Agency. Appropriate measures for significant resources could include avoidance or capping, incorporation of the site in green space, parks, or open space, or data recovery excavations of the finds.

No further grading shall occur in the area of the discovery until the Lead Agency approves the measures to protect these resources. Any historical artifacts recovered as a result of mitigation shall be provided to a City‐ approved institution or person who is capable of providing long‐term preservation to allow future scientific study.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 52 b) Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to Section 15064.5?
Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated. Based on the CHRIS Records Search conducted on June 20, 2022 , there is no evidence that cultural resources of any type (including historical, archaeological, paleontological, or unique geologic features) exist on the Project site. Nevertheless, there is some possibility that a non-visible, buried archeological resource may exist and may be uncovered during ground disturbing construction activities which would constitute a significant impact. To mitigate the event of the accidental discovery and recognition of previously unknown resources before or during grading activities, the Project incorporates Mitigation Measure CUL-1 to reduce any potentially significant impacts to a less than significant impact. c) Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries? Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated . There is no evidence that human remains exist on the Project site. Nevertheless, there is some possibility that a non -visible buried site may exist and may be uncovered during ground disturbing construction activities which would constitute a significant i mpact. If any human remains are discovered during construction, CCR Section 15064.5(e), PRC Section 5097.98, and California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 will mitigate for the impacts. To further ensure future construction activities do not result in significant impacts to any potential resources or human remains discovered below ground surface, the Project shall incorporate Mitigation Measure CUL-2. Therefore, if any human remains were discovered, implementation of this mitigation and referenced regulations would reduce the Project’s impact to less than significant. Therefore, if any human remains were discovered, implementation of this mitigation and referenced regulations would reduce the Project’s impact to less than significant.

Mitigation Measure CUL-2: In the event that human remains are unearthed during excavation and grading activities of any future development project, all activity shall cease immediately. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code (HSC) Section 7050.5, no further disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has made the necessary findings as to origin and disposition pursuant to PRC Section 5097.98(a). If the remains are determined to be of Native American descent, the coroner shall within 24 hours notify the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC). The NAHC shall then contact the most likely descendent of the deceased Native American, who shall then serve as the consultant on how to proceed with the remains. Pursuant to PRC Section 5097.98(b), upon the discovery o f Native American remains, the landowner shall ensure that the immediate vicinity, according to generally accepted cultural or archaeological standards or practices, where the Native American human remains are located is not damaged or disturbed by further development activity until the landowner has discussed and conferred with the most likely descendants regarding their recommendations, if applicable, taking into account the possibility of multiple human remains. The landowner shall discuss and confer with the descendants all reasonable options regarding the descendants' preferences for treatment.

4.5.3 Mitigation Measures
The proposed Project shall implement and incorporate, as applicable, the cultural resources related mitigation measures as identified in the attached Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program dated October 2024.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 53 Mitigation Measure CUL -1: If previously unknown resources are encountered before or during grading activities, construction shall stop in the immediate vicinity of the find and a qualified historical resources specialist shall be consulted to determine whether the resource requires further study. The qualified historical resources specialist shall make recommendations to the City on the measures that shall be implemented to protect the discovered resources, including but not limited to excavation of the fin ds and evaluation of the finds in accordance with Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines and the City’s Historic Preservation Ordinance. If the resources are determined to be unique historical resources as defined under Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelin es, measures shall be identified by the monitor and recommended to the Lead Agency. Appropriate measures for significant resources could include avoidance or capping, incorporation of the site in green space, parks, or open space, or data recovery excavati ons of the finds.

No further grading shall occur in the area of the discovery until the Lead Agency approves the measures to protect these resources. Any historical artifacts recovered as a result of mitigation shall be provided to a City‐approved institution or person who is capable of providing long‐term preservation to allow future scientific study.

Mitigation Measure CUL-2: In the event that human remains are unearthed during excavation and grading activities of any future development project, all activity shall cease immediately. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code (HSC) Section 7050.5, no further disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has made the necessary findings as to origin and disposition pursuant to PRC Section 5097.98(a). If the remains are determined to be of Nat ive American descent, the coroner shall within 24 hours notify the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC). The NAHC shall then contact the most likely descendent of the deceased Native American, who shall then serve as the consultant on how to proceed with the remains. Pursuant to PRC Section 5097.98(b), upon the discovery o f Native American remains, the landowner shall ensure that the immediate vicinity, according to generally accepted cultural or archaeological standards or practices, where the Native American human remains are located is not damaged or disturbed by fur ther development activity until the landowner has discussed and conferred with the most likely descendants regarding their recommendations, if applicable, taking into account the possibility of multiple human remains. The landowner shall discuss and confer with the descendants all reasonable options regarding the descendants' preferences for treatment.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 54

4.6 ENERGY
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Result in potentially significant
environmental impact due to
wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary
consumption of energy resources,
during project construction or
operation?
X
b) Conflict with or obstruct a state or
local plan for renewable energy or
energy efficiency?
X

4.6.1 Environmental Setting
Appendix F of the CEQA Guidelines provides guidance in determining whether a project will result in the inefficient, wasteful, and unnecessary consumption of energy. According to Appendix F of the CEQA Guidelines, the goal of energy conservation implies the “wise and efficient use” of energy through 1) decreasing overall per capita energy consumption, 2) decreasing reliance on fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil, and 3) increasing reliance on renewable energy sources.

Per Appendix F, a project would be considered inefficient, wasteful, and unnecessary if it violated existing energy standards, had a negative effect on local and regional energy supplies and requirements for additional capacity, had a negative effect on peak and base period demands for electricity and other energy forms, and effected energy resources. Appendix F includes the following criteria to determine whether a threshold of significance is met:

1. The project energy requirements and its energy use efficiencies by amount and fuel type for each stage of the project including construction, operation, maintenance and/or removal. If appropriate, the energy intensiveness of materials may be discussed.

2. The effects of the project on local and regional energy supplies and on requirements for additional capacity.

3. The effects of the project on peak and base period demands for electricity and other forms of energy.

4. The degree to which the project complies with existing energy standards.

5. The effects of the project on energy resources.

6. The project’s projected transportation energy use requirements and its overall use of efficient transportation alternatives.

Building Energy Efficiency Standards – Title 24
California’s energy code is designed to reduce wasteful and unnecessary energy consumption in newly constructed and existing buildings. The Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24, Parts 6 and 11 of the California Code of Regulations) are updated by the California Energy Commission every three years. The Standards relate to various

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 55 energy efficiency measures including but not limited to ventilation, air conditioning, and lighting . 16 The 2022 Building Energy Efficiency Standards became effective in January 2023. The state’s “green building code” (i.e., CALGreen) is contained within the Building Energy Efficiency Standards, Title 24, Part 11. The CALGreen standards address environmenta l and sustainable practices during building construction including energy efficiency.

CALGreen applies to the planning, design, operation, construction, use and occupancy of every newly constructed building or structure and additions and alterations on a s tatewide basis. Compliance with these energy efficiency regulations and programs reduces wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy sources.

Fresno General Plan
Energy resources and conservation are discussed in the Resource Conservation and Resilience Section of the Fresno General Plan. The following objectives and policies of the Fresno General Plan relate to energy resources and conservation of development in order to reduce community-wide energy consumption:

Policy RC-2 Promote land uses that conserve resources.

Policy RC-2-a Link Land Use to Transportation. Promote mixed-use, higher density infill development in multi - modal corridors. Support land use patterns that make more efficient use of the transportation system and plan future transportation investments in areas of higher -intensity development. Discour age investment in infrastructure that would not meet these criteria.

Policy RC-2-b Provide Infrastructure for Mixed-Use and Infill. Promote investment in the public infrastructure needed to allow mixed -use and denser infill development to occur in targeted locations, such as expanded water and wastewater conveyance systems, complete streetscapes, parks and open space amenities, and tr ails. Discourage investment in infrastructure that would not meet these criteria.

Objective RC-8 Reduce the consumption of non -renewable energy resources by requiring and encouraging conservation measures and the use of alternative energy sources.

Policy RC-8-a Existing Standards and Programs. Continue existing beneficial energy conservation programs, including adhering to the California Energy Code in new construction and major renovations.

Policy RC-8-b Energy Reduction Targets. Strive to reduce per capita residential electricity use to 1,800 kWh per year and non -residential electricity use to 2,700 kWh per year per capita by developing and implementing incentives, design and operation standards, promoting alternative energy sour ces, and cost- effective savings.

Policy RC-8-c Energy Conservation in New Development. Consider providing an incentive program for new buildings that exceed California Energy Code requirements by fifteen percent.

16 California Energy Commission. 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards. Accessed on September 12, 2024, https://www.energy.ca.gov/programs-and-topics/programs/building-energy-efficiency-standards/2019-building-energy- efficiency

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 56 Policy RC-8-d Incentives. Establish an incentive program for residential developers who commit to building all of their homes to ENERGY STAR performance guidelines.

Policy RC -8-e Energy Use Disclosure. Promote compliance with State law mandating disclosure of a building’s energy data and rating of the previous year to prospective buyers and lessees of the entire building or lenders financing the entire building.

Policy RC-8-h Solar Assistance. Identify and publicize information about financial mechanisms for private solar installations and provide over -the-counter permitting for solar installations meeting specified standards, which may include maximum size (in kV) of units that can be so approved.

4.6.2 Impact Assessment
a) Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation? Less than Significant Impact. The Project proposes the development of a senior center and affordable housing units for seniors. Energy would be consumed through Project construction and operations, further analyzed below.

Construction
Construction would be short-term and temporary. Construction activities include typical site preparation, grading, paving, architectural coating, and trenching. There are no unusual project characteristics or construction processes that would require the use of equipment that would be more energy intensive than is used for comparable activities. The primary source of energy for construction activities would be diesel and gasoline (i.e., petroleum fuels). All construction equipment shall conform to current emissions standards and related fuel efficiencies including applicable CARB regulations (Airborne Toxic Control Measure), California Code of Regulations (Title 13, Motor Vehicles), and Title 24 standards . Compliance with such regulations would ensure that the short -term, temporary construction activities do not result in wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources.

Operations
Operations would involve heating, cooling, equipment, and vehicle trips. Energy consumption related to operations would be associated with natural gas, electricity, and fuel. Energy and natural gas consumption were estimated using CalEEMod ( Appendix A ). Traffic impacts related to vehicle trips were considered through a Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) analysis contained in Section 4.17. Results are summarized as follows.

The Project site would be served by PG&E for both electricity and natural gas. Table 4-5 shows the estimated electricity and natural gas consumption for the Project based on output from CalEEMod . Development of the Project would consume less than one (1) percent of the total electricity use and natural gas use in Fresno County in 2022. Furthermore, the Project would include the installation of on-site solar panels which would offset portions of the Project’s electricity consumption . These results would not result in an increased level of significance .

Additionally, future development would be required to comply with the regulations and standards of Title 24 and CALGreen to encourage energy efficient design . Through compliance, it can be determined that the proposed Project would not consume energy in a manner that is wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary nor would the project conflict with any state or local plan for energy efficiency.

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Table 4-5 Project Energy Consumption
Energy Type 1 Project Annual Energy
Consumption
Fresno County
Annual Energy Consumption
Project Percentage of
County Consumption
Electricity 2 0.906735 8,384.408687 0.0108
Natural Gas 2 0.04198979 319.435645 0.0131

1. Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) would serve the site for both electricity and natural gas.

2. Energy consumption data for Fresno County is provided by the California Energy Commission, “Electricity Consumption by County” accessed on September 16, 2024, http://ecdms.energy.ca.gov/elecbycounty.aspx and “Gas Consumption by County” accessed on September 16, 2024, https://ecdms.energy.ca.gov/gasbycounty.aspx Regarding energy consumed through vehicle trips, re development of the Project site would increase density and promote mixed-use development in an infill area and high-quality transit corridor. As a result, development would facilitate the usage of transportation modes such as walking, biking, and/or bus, decreasing vehicle fuel energy consumption in the city. Therefore, it can be determined that the proposed Project would not consume energy in a manner that is wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary nor would the project conflict with any state or local plan for energy efficiency. Thus, the Project would have a less than significant impact. b) Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency? Less than Significant Impact. As discussed under criterion a), the construction and operations of the Project would be subject to compliance with applicable energy efficiency regulations including CALGreen, Title 24, General Plan, and CARB. Thus, applicable state and local regulations and programs would be implemented to reduce energy waste from construction and operations. Therefore, through compliance, the Project would not c onflict with or obstruct any state or local plan for energy efficiency and a less than significant impact would occur because of the Project.

4.6.3 Mitigation Measures
None Required.

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4.7 GEOLOGY AND SOILS
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Directly or Indirectly cause potential
substantial adverse effects, including
the risk of loss, injury, or death
involving:

i. Rupture of a known
earthquake fault, as
delineated on the most recent
Alquist-Priolo Earthquake
Fault Zoning Map issued by
the State Geologist for the
area or based on other
substantial evidence of a
known fault? Refer to Division
of Mines and Geology Special
Publication 42.

X
ii. Strong seismic ground
shaking? X
iii. Seismic-related ground
failure, including liquefaction? X
iv. Landslides? X
b) Result in substantial soil erosion or the
loss of topsoil? X
c) Be located on a geologic unit or soil
that is unstable, or that would become
unstable as a result of the project, and
potentially result in on - or off -site
landslide, lateral spreading,
subsidence, liquefaction or collapse?
X
d) Be located on expansive soil, as
defined in Table 18-1-B of the Uniform
Building Code (1994), creating
substantial risks to life or property?
X

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 59 e) Have soils incapable of adequately
supporting the use of septic tanks or
alternative wastewater disposal
systems where sewers are not
available for the disposal of waste
water?
X
f) Directly or indirectly destroy a unique
paleontological resource or site or
unique geologic feature?
X

4.7.1 Environmental Setting
The Project site is in the San Joaquin Valley which is one of the two large valleys comprising the Great Valley Geomorphic Province. The San Joaquin Valley is surrounded by Sierra Nevada (east), Coast Ranges (west), Tehachapi (south), and the Sacramento Va lley (north). The Fresno area is set on gently southwest -sloping alluvial fans and plans formed by the San Joaquin and Kings Rivers. A brief discussion of the likelihood of seismic activities to occur in or affect Fresno is provided below.

Faulting
There are no active faults mapped within the city of Fresno. The Project site is not located in an Alquist -Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone as established by the Alquist-Priolo Fault Zoning Act (Section 2622 of Chapter 7.5, Division 2 of the California Public Resources Code). The nearest fault to the Project site is the Clovis Fault, which is approximately 9.5 miles northeast of the site. 17
Subsurface Soils
According to the Geologic Hazards Investigation for the Fresno General Plan, the uppermost soils in the Fresno area (i.e., 6-12 inches) comprise very loose silty sand, silty sand with trace clay, sandy silt, clayey sand, or clayey gravel.

These soils are disturbed, have low strength, and are highly compressible when saturated. Area soils between two (2) to four (4) feet below ground surface (bgs) range from loose/soft to very dense/hard clays, silts, sands, and gravels with the characteristics of moderately strong and moderately compressible. Three (3) to five (5) feet bgs soils are clays, silts, sands, and gravels that are moderately strong and slightly compressible.

A search of the Web Soil Survey by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service indicates that the following, stable, native soil comprises the Project site: 18

17 California Department of Conservation. Fault Activity Map of California . Accessed on September 12, 2024, https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/fam/
18 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service. “Web Soil Survey.” Accessed on September 12, 2024https://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/WebSoilSurvey.aspx

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 60 SdA: San Joquin sandy loam, shallow, 0 to 3 percent slopes, moderately well drained, very high runoff, with no potential of flooding or ponding. The depth to water table is more than 80 inches. The SdA soils account for 100% of the Project site.

Strong Ground Shaking
The Fresno area is subject to low to moderate ground shaking. The Owens Valley Earthquake of 1872 and the Coalinga Earthquake of 1982 generated ground shaking of intensity VII of the 12 -point Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale. Intensity VII earthquakes result in negligible damage to buildings, slight to moderate damage in well- built structures, considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed structures, and some broken chimneys. 19 Development of the Project site would be required to conform to current seismic protection standards in the California Building Code (CBC), which are intended to minimize potential risks.

Liquefaction
Liquefaction is a seismic phenomenon in which loose, saturated, fine‐grained granular soils behave similarly to a fluid when subjected to high‐intensity ground shaking. The potential for liquefaction in the city of Fresno is low to moderate, per the Fresno County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. There has been no observed liquefaction from any historic earthquake. Additionally, ground s haking, seismic settlement, and lateral spreading are not considered to be significant hazards due to the stable area soils as observed in the Geologic Hazards Investigation for the Fresno General Plan.

Erosion
Wind and flowing water are the primary agents of erosion in the San Joaquin Valley. Two (2) types of areas with moderate to high erosion potential are identified by the Fresno County Multi -Hazard Mitigation Plan: soils in the Sierra Nevada and foothills on slopes over 30 percent and soils in the western San Joaquin Valley and Coast Ranges.

According to the Fresno General Plan, the city of Fresno is not susceptible to soil erosion except for land within 300 feet of the toe of the San Joaquin River bluffs. However, the Project site is not a bluff area and is therefore not subject to the potential for moderate to high erosion.

Ground Subsidence
Ground subsidence is the settling or sinking of surface soil deposits with little or no horizontal motion. Soils with high silt or clay content are subject to subsidence. While the County of Fresno identifies a significant hazard significance for subsidence due to heavy groundwater withdrawal, the city of Fresno is not known to be subject to subsidence hazards. Areas with potential for subsidence hazards are in western Fresno County over 25 miles southwest from the Project site, as mapped in the Fresno County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan.

19 US Geological Survey (USGS), 2017. The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale, Accessed on September 12, 2024, https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/modified-mercalli-intensity-scale

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 61 Fresno General Plan
Geology and soils are discussed in the Noise and Safety Chapter of the Fresno General Plan. The following relevant policies of the Fresno General Plan:

Policy NS-2 Minimize risks of property damage and personal injury posed by geologic and seismic risks.

Policy NS -2-a Seismic Protection. Ensure seismic protection is incorporated into new and existing construction, consistent with the Fresno Municipal Code.

Policy NS -2-b Soil Analysis Requirement. Identify areas with potential geologic and/or soils hazards, and require development in these areas to conduct a soil analysis and mitigation plan by a registered civil engineer (or engineering geologist specializing in soil geology) prior to allowing on-site drainage or disposal for wastewater, stormwater runoff, or swimming pool/spa water.

4.7.2 Impact Assessment
a) Directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving:
i. Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault? Refer to Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42.

No Impact. There are no known active earthquake faults in Fresno (inclusive of the Project site), nor is Fresno within an Alquist-Priolo earthquake fault zone as established by the Alquist-Priolo Fault Zoning Act. Thus, the Project would not cause rupture of a known earthquake fault and therefore, would have no impact. ii. Strong seismic ground shaking?
Less than Significant Impact. There are no known active earthquake faults in Fresno and Fresno has historically been subject to low to moderate ground shaking. The Fresno area, inclusive of the Project site, is classified by the State as being in a moderate seismic risk zone, Category “C” or “D,” depending on the soils underlying the specific location being categorized and that location’s proximity to the nearest known fault lines. The Project site is relatively flat and has stable, native soils and is not in close proximity to any fault lines. In addition, the Project would be required to conform to current seismic protection standards in the CBC. Therefore, because of the Project’s stable soils and distance from active fault lines, conformance to CBC seismic safety standards , and compliance with General Plan policies, the Project does not have any aspect that could result in strong seismic ground shaking. Therefore, the Project would have a less than significant impact.
iii. Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction? Less than Significant Impact. As previously discussed, Fresno has a low to moderate potential for seismic activities.

Further, Fresno does not have significant liquefaction potential since it is in a stable geologic formation. There are also no geologic hazards or unstable soil conditions known to exist on the Project site. The site is relatively flat with stable soils and no apparent unique or significant landforms. For this reason, liquefaction or seismically induced settlement or bearing loss is considered unlikely, even if there should be a substantial increase in ground water

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 62 level. Further, development of the site would require compliance with the City’s grading and drainage standards.

Therefore, because of the Project’s relatively flat topography, stability of soils, infrequency of seismic activity, and required compliance with City standards, the Project does not have any aspect that could result in seismic -related ground failure, including liquefaction. Therefore, the Project would result in a less than significant impact. iv. Landslides?
Less than Significant Impact. The topography of the Project site is relatively flat with stable, native soils, in an area that is not susceptible to seismic activities, geologic instability, or landslides. Furthermore, the site is not in the immediate vicinity of rivers or creeks that would be more susceptible to landslides. Therefore, there would be a less than significant impact as a result of the Project. b) Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil? Less Than Significant Impact. Development of the Project site would require typical site preparation activities such as demolition, grading, and trenching which may result in the potential for short -term soil disturbance or erosion impacts. Construction would also involve the use of water which may cause further soil disturbance. Such impacts would be addressed through compliance with regulations set by the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).

The SWRCB requires sites larger than one (1) acre to comply with the General Permit for Discharges of Storm Water Associated with Construction Activity (i.e., General Permit Order No. 2012 -0006-DWQ). The General Permit requires the development of a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) by a certified Qualified SWPPP Developer (QSD). The SWPPP estimates the sediment risk associated with construction activities and includes best management practices (BMP) to control erosion. BMPs specific to erosion control cover erosion, sediment, tracking, and waste management controls. Implementation of the SWPPP minimizes the potential for the Project to result in substantial soil erosion or loss of topsoil. With these provisions in place, impacts to soil and topsoil by the Project would be considered less than significant.
c) Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse? Less than Significant Impact. The site is relatively flat with stable soils and no apparent unique or significant landforms. Furthermore, the Project site is in an area of infrequent and low historic seismic activity of nearby faults.

Such factors minimize the potential for other geolo gic hazards such as landslides, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse. Therefore, any development on the native, stable soils is unlikely to become unstable and result in geologic hazards. In addition, the P roject does not have any aspect that could result in a landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse. As such, the Project would have a less than significant impact. d) Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18 -1-B of the Uniform Building Code (1994, as updated), creating substantial direct or indirect risks to life or property? No Impact. The Project site is relatively flat and stable, native soils of the SdA, San Joaquin sandy loam. Sandy loam soils are not classified as expansive soil, as defined in Table 18 -1-B of the Uniform Building Code and would not create substantial direct or indirect risks to life or property. Thus, no impact would occur because of the Project.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 63 e) Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of wastewater? No Impact. Since the Project site is within city limits and fully developed, the site is connected to the city’s water and sewer systems. Thus, no septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems would be installed, and no impact would occur because of the Project.
f) Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature? Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated . As discussed in the Cultural Resources section above, there are no known paleontological resources or unique geological features known to the City on this site. In addition, the Project site is previously disturbed with construction. Nevertheless, there is some possibility that a non-visible, buried site may exist and may be uncovered during ground disturbing construction activities which would constitute a significant impact. To further assure future development does not result in significant impacts to any potential resources, the Project shall incorporate Mitigation Measure GEO-1 as described below. Therefore, if any paleontological resources or geologic features were discovered, implementation of MM GEO-1 would reduce the Project’s impact to less than significant.

Mitigation Measure GEO -1: If any paleontological resources are encountered during ground-disturbance activities, all work within 25 feet of the find shall halt until a qualified paleontologist as defined by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Standard Procedures for the Assessment and Mitigation of Adverse Impacts to Paleontological Resources (2010), can evaluate the find and make recommendations regarding treatment.

Paleontological resource materials may include resources such as fossils, plant impressions, or animal tracks preserved in rock. The qualified paleontologist shall contact the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County or another appropriate facility regarding any discoveries of paleontological resources.

If the qualified paleontologist determines that the discovery represents a potentially significant paleontological resource, additional investigations, and fossil recovery may be required to mitigate adverse impacts from Project implementation. If avoidanc e is not feasible, the paleontological resources shall be evaluated for their significance. If the resources are not significant, avoidance is not necessary. If the resources are significant, they shall be avoided to ensure no adverse effects or such effec ts must be mitigated. Construction in that area shall not resume until the resource -appropriate measures are recommended or the materials are determined to be less than significant. If the resource is significant and fossil recovery is the identified form of treatment, then the fossil shall be deposited in an accredited and permanent scientific institution. Copies of all correspondence and reports shall be submitted to the City of Fresno, Planning and Development Department.

4.7.3 Mitigation Measures
The proposed Project shall implement and incorporate, as applicable, the geology and soils related mitigation measure as identified in the attached Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program dated October 2024.

Mitigation Measure GEO-1: If any paleontological resources are encountered during ground-disturbance activities, all work within 25 feet of the find shall halt until a qualified paleontologist as defined by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Standard Procedures for the Assessment and Mitigation of Adverse Impacts to Paleontol ogical

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 64 Resources (2010), can evaluate the find and make recommendations regarding treatment. Paleontological resource materials may include resources such as fossils, plant impressions, or animal tracks preserved in rock. The qualified paleontologist shall contac t the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County or another appropriate facility regarding any discoveries of paleontological resources.

If the qualified paleontologist determines that the discovery represents a potentially significant paleontological resource, additional investigations, and fossil recovery may be required to mitigate adverse impacts from Project implementation. If avoidance is not feasible, the paleontological resources shall be evaluated for their significance.

If the resources are not significant, avoidance is not necessary. If the resources are significant, they shall be avoided to ensure no adverse effects or such effec ts must be mitigated. Construction in that area shall not resume until the resource-appropriate measures are recommended or the materials are determined to be less than significant. If the resource is significant and fossil recovery is the identified form of treatment, then the fossil shall be deposited in an accredited and permanent scientific institution. Copies of all correspondence and reports shall be submitted to the City of Fresno, Planning and Development Department.

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4.8 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Generate greenhouse gas emissions,
either directly or indirectly, that may
have a significant impact on the
environment?
X
b) Conflict with an applicable plan, policy
or regulation adopted for the purpose
of reducing the emissions of
greenhouse gases?
X

4.8.1 Environmental Setting
Various gases in the Earth’s atmosphere, classified as atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), play a critical role in determining the Earth’s surface temperature. Solar radiation enters Earth’s atmosphere from space, and a portion of the radiation is absorbed by the Earth’s surface. The Earth emits this radiation back toward space, but the properties of the radiation change from high-frequency solar radiation to lower-frequency infrared radiation.

Naturally occurring greenhouse gases include water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ozone (O 3). Several classes of halogenated substances that contain fluorine, chlorine, or bromine are also GHGs, but they are, for the most part, solely a product of industrial activities. Although the direct greenhouse gases CO 2, CH 4, and N 2O occur naturally in the atmosphere, human activities have changed their atmospheric concentrations. From the pre-industrial era (i.e., ending about 1750) to 2011, concentrations of these three GHGs have increased globally by 40, 150, and 20 percent, respe ctively (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC], 2013).

GHGs, which are transparent to solar radiation, are effective in absorbing infrared radiation. As a result, this radiation that otherwise would have escaped back into space is now retained, resulting in a warming of the atmosphere. This phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect. Among the prominent GHGs contributing to the greenhouse effect are carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane (CH 4), ozone (O 3), water vapor, nitrous oxide (N 2O), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

The emissions from a single project will not cause global climate change, however, GHG emissions from multiple projects throughout the world could result in a cumulative impact with respect to global climate change. Therefore, the analysis of GHGs and climate change presented in this section is presented i n terms of the proposed project’s contribution to cumulative impacts and potential to result in cumulatively considerable impacts related to GHGs and climate change.

Cumulative impacts are the collective impacts of one or more past, present, and future projects that, when combined, result in adverse changes to the environment. In determining the significance of a proposed project’s contribution to anticipated adverse f uture conditions, a lead agency should generally undertake a two step

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 66 analysis. The first question is whether the combined effects from both the proposed project and other projects would be cumulatively significant. If the agency answers this inquiry in the affirmative, the second question is whether “the proposed project’s incremental effects are cumulatively considerable” and thus significant in and of themselves.

The cumulative project list for this issue (climate change) comprises anthropogenic (i.e., human made) GHG emissions sources across the globe and no project alone would reasonably be expected to contribute to a noticeable incremental change to the global c limate. However, legislation and executive orders on the subject of climate change in California have established a statewide context and process for developing an enforceable statewide cap on GHG emissions. Given the nature of environmental consequences from GHGs and global climate change, CEQA requires that lead agencies consider evaluating the cumulative impacts of GHGs. Small contributions to this cumulative impact (from which significant effects are occurring and are expected to worsen over time) may b e potentially considerable and, therefore, significant.

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) 2022 Climate Change Scoping Plan and guidance from the SJVAPCD are discussed below and are utilized as thresholds of significance. 2022 Climate Change Scoping Plan
The CARB 2022 Climate Change Scoping Plan is the adopted statewide plan for reduction and mitigation of GHGs to implement Assembly Bill (AB) 1279. AB 1279 was issued on August 12, 2022, to require California to achieve “net zero greenhouse gas emissions” as soon as possible and to further reduce anthropogenic GHG emissions thereafter.

It sets a statewide goal to reduce emissions 85% below 1990 levels no later than 2045.

Consequently, the Scoping Plan involves several measures for cost-effective reduction of GHG emissions, including continuing existing programs such as Renewable Portfolio Standard, Advanced Clean Cars, Low Carbon Fuel Standard, etc., and achieving new mand ates to decarbonize several sectors. Along with reducing emissions, environmental justice policies are included to address the ongoing air quality disparities.

Appendix D of the 2022 Scoping Plan include recommendations to build momentum for local government actions to align with State goals, including through CEQA review. The Appendix outlines the priority GHG reduction strategies for local governments, includin g transportation electrification, VMT reduction, and building decarbonization. 20
SJVAPCD CEQA Air Quality Guidelines
The SJVAPCD’s Guidance for Valley Land Use Agencies in Addressing GHG Impacts for New Projects Under CEQA (2009) provides screening criteria for climate change analyses, as well as draft guidance for the determination of

20 California Air Resources Board. (2022). 2022 Scoping Plan Appendix D. Accessed on September 17, 2024, https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022-11/2022-sp-appendix-d-local-actions.pdf

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 67 significance. 21,22 These criteria are used to evaluate whether a project would result in a significant climate change impact (see below). Projects that meet one of these criteria would have less than significant impact on the global climate.
• Does the project comply with an adopted statewide, regional, or local plan for reduction or mitigation of GHG emissions? If no, then:
• Does the project achieve 29% GHG reductions by using approved Best Performance Standards (BPS)? If no, then
• Does the project achieve AB 32 targeted 29% GHG emission reductions compared with Business As Usual (BAU)?
Assembly Bill (AB) 32 was enacted by the California State legislature in 2006 with the aim to reduce GHG emissions to levels of 1990 by 2020. Recommended actions to achieve these aims were adopted by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) in 2008 (i.e., the Climate Change Scoping Plan). However, the 29% GHG emission reductions compared to BAU threshold is outdated since it is aimed to meet AB 32’s 2020 goals, thus this threshold would not be used for analysis.

San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District
SJVAPCD adopted Guidance for Valley Land‐use Agencies in Addressing GHG Emission Impacts for New Projects under CEQA and the policy District Policy—Addressing GHG Emission Impacts for Stationary Source Projects Under CEQA When Serving as the Lead Agency in 2009. It recognized that project -specific emissions are cumulative and could be considered cumulatively considerable without mitigation. SJVAPCD suggested that the requirement to reduce GHG emissions for all projects is the best method to address this cumulative impact.

The SJVAPCD requires quantification of GHG emissions for all projects which the lead agency has determined that an EIR is required. Although an EIR is not required for the Project, the GHG emissions are quantified below. Short - term construction and long-term operational GHG emissions for project buildout were estimated using CalEEModTM (version 2022.1.1.26). (See Appendix A). CalEEMod is a statewide model designed to provide a uniform platform for government agencies, land use planners, and environmental professionals to quantify GHG emissions from land use projects. The model quantifies direct GHG emissions from construction and operation (including vehicle use), as well as indirect GHG emissions, such as GHG emissions from energy use, solid waste disposal, vegetation planting and/or removal, and water use. Emissions are expressed in annual metric tons of CO 2 equivalent units of measure (i.e., MTCO2e), based on the global warming potential of the individual pollutants.

21 San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District. (2009). Guidance for Valley Land-use Agencies in Addressing GHG Emission Impacts for New Projects under CEQA. Accessed September 17, 2024, http://www.valleyair.org/Programs/CCAP/12-17- 09/3%20CCAP%20-%20FINAL%20LU%20Guidance%20-%20Dec%2017%202009.pdf. 22 San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District. (2000). Environmental Review Guidelines: Procedures for Implementing the California Environmental Quality Act. Accessed September 17, 2024, http://www.valleyair.org/transportation/CEQA%20Rules/ERG%20Adopted%20_August%202000_.pdf

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 68 Thresholds of Significance
Since the SJVAPCD and the City of Fresno do not have established GHG significance emissions thresholds, the Project is assessed based on its consistency with the CARB’s latest adopted Scoping Plan, including the Project’s compliance with relevant Scoping Plan measures, in addition to the latest RTP/SCS for the region . Of note, the Scoping Plan is consistent with AB 1276 GHG reduction targets toward achieving carbon neutrality by 2045 and reducing anthropogenic emissions to 85% below 1990 levels by 2045. The refore, consistency with CARB’s Scoping Plan would also demonstrate consistency with carbon neutrality requirements of AB 1279. This analysis provides a qualitative assessment of the Project’s compliance with the applicable plans, policies, and regulations for the purpose of reducing GHGs to determine whether the project would have a significant impact on the environment relative to GHGs. The Project’s estimated construction and operation -related GHG emissions are provided for the purposes of disclosure

4.8.2 Impact Assessment
a) Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment?
Less than Significant Impact. The 2024 CEQA Guidelines do not establish a quantitative threshold of significance for GHG impacts, leaving lead agencies the discretion to establish such thresholds for their respective jurisdictions.

The City of Fresno does not have an adopted climate action plan (CAP) that establishes thresholds for GHG emissions. As a result, since the SJVAPCD and the City of Fresno do not have established GHG significance emissions thresholds, the following utilizes qualitative analysis f or GHG impacts. Short -term construction and long -term operational GHG emissions for project buildout were estimated using CalEEMod TM (version 2022.1.1.28). See Appendix A for output files.

Construction Emissions
Regarding construction, the SJVAPCD does not recommend assessing pollution associated with construction, as pollution-related construction will be temporary. These construction GHG emissions are a one -time release. As such, it can be anticipated that these construction emissions would not generate a significant contribution to global climate change over the lifetime of the Project. The overall construction GHG emissions associated with buildout of the Project is 429.3 MT CO2e based on the CalEEMod run.

Operational Emissions
Regarding the long-term operational related GHG emissions, the estimated operational emissions for buildout of the Project incorporates the potential area source and vehicle emissions, and emissions associated with utility and water usage, and wastewater a nd solid waste generation. The annual operational GHG emissions associated with buildout of the Project is 1,650 MT CO2e based on the CalEEMod run.

Further, the Project would not exceed the thresholds of significance for construction or operational emissions as discussed in Section 4.3. Additionally, as discussed in more detail below, the Project would be generally consistent with the applicable goals and policies related to GHG reduction measures, including CARB’s 2022 Scoping Plan and SJVAPCD guidelines, and the City of Fresno General Plan goals and policies that aim to reduce air emissions and improve air quality, which reduces GHG emissions as a result. Cumulatively, these emissions would not generate a

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 69 significant contribution to global climate change over the lifetime of the proposed Project. As such, it can be determined that the Project would not occur at a scale or scope with potential to contribute substantially or cumulatively to the generation of GHG emissions and therefore the impact would be less than significant. b) Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases?
Less than Significant Impact. The compatibility of the Project with the 2022 Scoping Plan, Fresno Council of Governments (FCOG) Regional Transportation Plan / Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS), and the City of Fresno General Plan.

Consistency with the 2022 Climate Change Scoping Plan
Based on the evaluation shown in Table 4-6, the Project is consistent with the reduction measures identified in the 2022 Scoping Plan. The reduction measures are derived from the 2022 Scoping Plan Table 1 – Priority GHG Reduction Strategies, which provides three (3) priority areas to assist jurisdictions with developing local climate action plans.

Table 4-6 Scoping Plan Priority GHG Reduction Strategies Consistency Analysis Priority Areas Priority GHG Reduction Strategies Consistency/Applicability Determination Transportation
Electrification
Convert local government fleets to ZEVs
and provide EV charging at public sites.

Consistent. The Project is a public site and would be
subject to providing EV charging pursuant CalGreen
mandatory measures. The Project proposes to
provide 3 8 EV capable spaces and 13 EV capable
spaces with electric vehicle service equipment
(EVSE), or charging stations/receptacles.

Create a jurisdiction -specific ZEV
ecosystem to support deployment of ZEVs
statewide (such as building standards that
exceed state building codes, permit
streamlining, infrastructure siting,
consumer education, preferential parking
policies, and ZEV readiness plans).

Not Applicable. This is a city-wide strategy thus is not applicable to the Project.

VMT Reduction

Reduce or eliminate minimum parking
standards.

Not Applicable. This is a city-wide strategy thus is not applicable to the Project.

Implement Complete Streets policies and
investments, consistent with general plan
circulation element requirements.

Consistent. The Project does not propose changes to
existing roadway infrastructure. Road frontages along
the site are designed to include curb, gutter, and
sidewalks.

Increase access to public transit by
increasing density of development near
transit, improving transit service by
increasing service frequency, creating bus
priority lanes, reducing or eliminating
fares, microtransit, etc.

Consistent. The Project site proposes a senior center
and affordable housing project that is approximately
820 feet to the nearest bus stop (Ashlan Station, Stop
ID: 973).

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 70 Increase public access to clean mobility
options by planning for and investing in
electric shuttles, bike share, car share, and
walking.

Consistent. The Project proposes pedestrian facilities
(i.e., sidewalks) within the site and connecting to
adjacent properties. In addition, as described above,
the Project is near an existing bus stop. As such, it
increases public access to clean mobility options.

Implement parking pricing or
transportation demand management
pricing strategies.

Not Applicable. The Project proposes a senior center
and affordable housing project ; thus, parking spaces
and garages are provided at no additional cost for
seniors.

Amend zoning or development codes to
enable mixed -use, walkable, transit -
oriented, and compact infill development
(such as increasing the allowable density of
a neighborhood)
Not Applicable. This is a city-wide strategy thus is not applicable to the Project.

Preserve natural and working lands by
implementing land use policies that guide
development toward infill areas and do not
convert “greenfield” land to urban uses
(e.g., green belts, strategic conservation
easements)
Consistent. The Project site is previously developed
with a former grocery store and paved parking lot,
that has been demolished . As such, the site is not
categorized as natural and working lands.

Building
Decarbonization
Adopt all -electric new construction reach
codes for residential and commercial uses.

Not Applicable. This is a city-wide strategy thus is not applicable to the Project.

Adopt policies and incentive programs to
implement energy efficiency retrofits for
existing buildings, such as weatherization,
lighting upgrades, and replacing energy -
intensive appliances and equipment with
more efficient systems (such as Energy
Star-rated equipment and equipment
controllers).

Not Applicable. This is a city-wide strategy thus is not applicable to the Project. In addition, the Project does not include retrofits for existing buildings.

Adopt policies and incentive programs to
electrify all appliances and equipment in
existing buildings such as appliance
rebates, existing building reach codes, or
time of sale electrification ordinances
Not Applicable. This is a city-wide strategy thus is not applicable to the Project. In addition, the Project does not include retrofits for existing buildings.

Facilitate deployment of renewable energy
production and distribution and energy
storage on privately owned land uses (e.g.,
permit streamlining, information sharing)
Not Applicable. This is a city-wide strategy thus is not applicable to the Project.

Deploy renewable energy production and
energy storage directly in new public
projects and on existing public facilities
(e.g., solar photovoltaic systems on
Consistent. The Project would install solar
photovoltaic systems on carport structure s on the
west side of the property or on the building . This

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 71 rooftops of municipal buildings and on
canopies in public parking lots, battery
storage systems in municipal buildings)
would be provided in compliance with the building
code.

Consistency with the FCOG RTP/SCS
The FCOG 2022 RTP/SCS includes a series of goals for the region that would reduce GHG emissions based on the land use consistency and the reduction of vehicle trips through promoting intermodal transportation systems. Most goals and policies are implemented at the regional or city level. Since the proposed Project is an infill development (i.e., within city limits and generally surrounded by existing development), encourages active transportation through the installation of sidewalks, and would be subject to local regulations, the Project would be generally consistent with goals and policies identified in the RTP/SCS.

Consistency with the City of Fresno General Plan
The City of Fresno General Plan established several policies to reduce air emissions. All air quality and greenhouse gas emissions policies are implemented at the city level. Since the Project is compliant with CalGreen standards, Title 24, and does not propose a use that would generate excessive greenhouse gas emissions, the Project is generally consistent with the General Plan.

In conclusion, the Project contains features that would reduce GHG emissions in compliance with CARB 2022 Climate Change Scoping Plan, FCOG RTP/SCS, and the City of Fresno General Plan . As such, the Project would not conflict with any applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of GHGs, and therefore the impact would be less than significant.

4.8.3 Mitigation Measures
None required.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 72

4.9 HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Create a significant hazard to the
public or the environment through
the routine transport, use, or disposal
of hazardous materials?
X
b) Create a significant hazard to the
public or the environment through
reasonably foreseeable upset and
accident conditions involving the
release of hazardous materials into
the environment?
X
c) Emit hazardous emissions or handle
hazardous or acutely hazardous
materials, substances, or waste within
one-quarter mile of an existing or
proposed school?
X
d) Be located on a site which is included
on a list of hazardous materials sites
compiled pursuant to Government
Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result,
would it create a significant hazard to
the public or the environment?
X
e) For a project located within an airport
land use plan or, where such a plan
has not been adopted, within two
miles of a public airport or public use
airport, would the project result in a
safety hazard for people residing or
working in the project area?
X
f) Impair implementation of or
physically interfere with an adopted
emergency response plan or
emergency evacuation plan?
X
g) Expose people or structures, either
directly or indirectly, to a significant
risk of loss, injury or death involving
wildland fires?
X

4.9.1 Environmental Setting

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 73 California Health and Safety Code Section 25501 defines a hazardous material as follows: “Hazardous material” means any material that, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, or chemical characteristics, poses a significant present or potential hazard to human health and safety or to the environment if released into the workplace or the environment. “Hazardous materials” include, but are not limited to, hazardous substances, hazardous waste, and any material which a handler or the administering agency has a reasonable basis for believing that it would be injurious to the h ealth and safety of persons or harmful to the environment if released into the workplace or the environment.
“Hazardous wastes” are defined in California Health and Safety Code Section 25141(b) as wastes that: because of their quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics, [may either] cause, or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious illness [or] pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the en vironment when improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of, or otherwise managed.

Regulatory Setting
The California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) was established in 1991 to protect the environment.

CalEPA oversees the Unified Program through Certified Unified Program Agencies (CUPAs), which consolidates six (6) environmental programs to ensure the handling of hazardous waste and materials in California. The local CUPA in Fresno County, HazMat Compliance Program, oversees the following six (6) CUPA programs: 23 • Hazardous Materials Business Plan (HMBP)
• California Accidental Release Program (CalARP)
• Underground Storage Tank Program (UST)
• Aboveground Storage Tank Program (APSA)
• Hazardous Waste Generator Program
• Tiered Permitting Program
The CalEPA Cortese List Data Resources compiles five (5) lists that provide information on hazardous materials facilities or sites meeting the Cortese List requirements. 24 The Cortese List is a database or list of hazardous waste sites in California that is distributed to each city and county. This database identifies hazardous waste facilities in accordance with Government Code Section 65962.5. The Cortese List includes:
• List of Hazardous Waste and Substances sites from Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) EnviroStor database.
• List of Leaking Underground Storage Tank Sites from the State Water Board’s GeoTracker database. • List of solid waste disposal sites identified by Water Board with waste constituents above hazardous waste levels outside the waste management unit.

23County of Fresno. HazMat Compliance: The Designated CUPA. Accessed on September 17, 2024, https://www.fresnocountyca.gov/Departments/Public-Health/Environmental-Health/HazMat-Compliance-The-Designated-CUPA 24 California Environmental Protection Agency. (2022). Cortese List Data Resources. Accessed on September 17 , 2024, https://calepa.ca.gov/sitecleanup/corteselist/

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 74 • List of “active” CDO and CAO from Water Board.
• List of hazardous waste facilities subject to corrective action pursuant to Section 25187.5 of the Health and Safety Code, identified by DTSC.

According to the CCR Title 22, soils excavated from a site containing hazardous materials is considered hazardous waste, and remediation actions should be performed accordingly. Cleanup requirements are determined case -by- case by the jurisdiction.

The Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) is another agency in California that regulates hazardous waste, conducts inspections, provides emergency response for hazardous materials -related emergencies, protects water resources from contamination, removing wastes, etc. DTSC acts under the authority of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and California Health and Safety Code. The DTSC implements the California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 22 Division 4.5 to manage hazardous waste. Government Code Section 65962.5 requires that DTSC shall compile and update at least annually a list of:
(1) All hazardous waste facilities subject to corrective action pursuant to Section 25187.5 of the Health and Safety Code (“HSC”).
(2) All land designated as hazardous waste property or border zone property pursuant to Article 11 (commencing with Section 25220) of Chapter 6.5 of Division 20 of the Health and Safety Code. (3) All information received by the Department of Toxic Substances Control pursuant to Section 25242 of the Health and Safety Code on hazardous waste disposals on public land. (4) All sites listed pursuant to Section 25356 of the Health and Safety Code. (5) All sites included in the Abandoned Site Assessment Program.

Record Search
The California Department of Toxic Substance Control’s EnviroStor database 28F 25 and the State Water Resources
Control Board’s GeoTracker database 29F
26 include hazardous release and contamination sites. A search of each database was conducted on September 12, 2024. The searches revealed no active hazardous material release sites on or within a 0.5-mile radius of the Project site. There are nine (9) lust cleanup program site in the 0.5-mile radius of the Project site that are closed/cleaned up.

Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA)

25California Department of Toxic Substances Control. Envirostor. Accessed September 12, 2024, https://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/
26 California State Water Resources Control Board. GeoTracker. Accessed September 12, 2024, https://geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov/

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 75 Krazan and Associates, Inc. performed a Phase 1 ESA on the Project site (report dated July 16, 2024) (Appendix C).

During this assessment, Krazan identified no evidence of recognized environmental conditions (RECs), controlled RECs (CRECs) or historical RECs (HRECs) in connection with the Project site as defined by ASTM E 1527-21. It should be noted that the Phase 1 ESA was conducted for the Project site and adjacent parcels; ATSM Non -Scope considerations contained in the Phase 1 ESA are only applicable to the parcel that contains existing structures. Prior to the demolition of the former grocery store, a pre -demolition asbe stos and lead survey was conducted on September 16, 2022 , and a lead-based paint inspection report was prepared (dated September 22, 2022) . The building tested negative for asbestos and was found to contain lead in some amount, but the amount was under current Cal/OSHA regulations and considered non -trigger. An asbestos and lead survey was conducted for the parcel that contains existing structures (dated October 2, 2024), concluding the presence of asbestos and lead.

Fresno County Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan
The nearest public and public use airport is the Fresno Yosemite International Airport approximately ± 3.3-miles southeast of the Project site. The Fresno Yosemite International Airport is owned and operated by the City of Fresno and has one (1) runway that is 3,626 feet long and 75 feet wide. According to the Fresno County Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan (ALUCP), the 2017-2021 National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems classifies the Airport as a small hub primary facility, and the 2013 California Aviation System Plan considers it a primary small hub metropolitan airport. 27 The Project site is located within the Precision Approach Zone (PAZ) of the Airport Influence Area (AIA) of the Fresno Yosemite International Airport . The ALUC P has set “safety zone land use compatibility standards” that restrict the development of land uses that could pose hazards to the public or to vulnerable populations in case of an aircraft accident, as shown in Table 4-6.

Table 4-7 Safety Zone Land Use Compatibility Standards
Zone PAZ
Dwelling Units per Acre No limit
Maximum Non-
Residential Intensity No limit
Required Open Land 0%
Prohibited Uses
Hazards to flight (i.e., physical (tall objects), visual, and electronic forms of interference with the safety of aircraft operations. Land use development, such as golf courses and certain types of crops that may cause the attraction of birds to increase is also prohibited).

Other Development
Conditions
No object shall have a height that would penetrate the air‐ space protection surface of the airport. Any object that penetrates one of these surfaces is, by FAA definition, considered an obstruction. A proposed object having a height that exceeds the airport’s airspace protection surface shall be allowed only if, upon conclusion of the FAA’s 7460 review process, the FAA determines that the object would not be a hazard to air navigation.

27 Fresno Council of Governments. (December 2023). Fresno County Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan. Accessed on September 12, 2024, https://www.fresnocog.org/project/airport-land-use-commission-of-fresno-county/

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 76 Fresno General Plan
The General Plan include objectives and policies relevant to hazards and hazardous materials, airport-related safety hazards, and emergency response in its Noise and Safety Element:

Objective NS-4 Minimize the risk of loss of life, injury, serious illness, and damage to property resulting from the use, transport, treatment, and disposal of hazardous materials and hazardous wastes.

NS-4-a Processing and Storage. Require safe processing and storage of hazardous materials, consistent with the California Building Code and the Uniform Fire Code, as adopted by the City.

NS-4-b Coordination. Maintain a close liaison with the Fresno County Environmental Health Department, Cal-EPA Division of Toxics, and the State Office of Emergency Services to assist in developing and maintaining hazardous material business plans, inventory statements, risk management prevention plans, and contingency/emergency response action plans.

NS-4-c Soil and Groundwater Contamination Reports. Require an investigation of potential soil or groundwater contamination whenever justified by past site uses. Require appropriate mitigation as a condition of project approval in the event soil or groundwater contamination is identified or could be encountered during site development.

NS-4-e Compliance with County Program. Require that the production, use, storage, disposal, and transport of hazardous materials conform to the standards and procedures established by the County Division of Environmental Health. Require compliance with the County’s Hazardous Waste Generator Pr ogram, including the submittal and implementation of a Hazardous Materials Business Plan, when applicable.

NS-4-f Hazardous Materials Facilities. Require facilities that handle hazardous materials or hazardous wastes to be designed, constructed, and operated in accordance with applicable hazardous materials and waste management laws and regulations.

NS-4-h Household Collection. Continue to support and assist with Fresno County’s special household hazardous waste collection activities, to reduce the amount of this material being improperly discarded.

Objective NS-5 Protect the safety, health, and welfare of persons and property on the ground and in aircraft by minimizing exposure to airport-related hazards.

NS-5-a Land Use and Height. Incorporate and enforce all applicable Airport Land Use Compatibility Plans (ALUCPs) through land use designations, zoning, and development standards to support the continued viability and flight operations of Fresno’s airports and to protect public safety, health, and general welfare. • Limit land uses in airport safety zones to those uses listed in the applicable ALUCPs as compatible uses, and regulate compatibility in terms of location, height, and noise. • Ensure that development, including public infrastructure projects, within the airport approach and departure zones complies with Part 77 of the Federal Aviation Administration Regulations (Objects Affecting Navigable Airspace), particularly in terms of height.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 77 NS-5-b Airport Safety Hazards. Ensure that new development, including public infrastructure projects, does not create safety hazards such as glare from direct or reflective sources, smoke, electrical interference, hazardous chemicals, fuel storage, or from wildlife, in violation of adopted safety standards.

NS-5-c Avigation Easements. Employ avigation easements in order to secure and protect airspace required for unimpeded operation of publicly owned airports.

NS-5-d Disclosure. As a condition of approval for residential development projects, require sellers to prepare and provide State Department of Real Estate Disclosure statements to property buyers notifying of noise and safety issues related to airport operations.

NS-5-e Planned Expansion. Allow for the orderly expansion and improvement of publicly owned airports, while minimizing adverse environmental impacts associated with these facilities. • Periodically update airport facility master plans in accordance with FAA regulations. • Require land use within the boundaries of the Fresno-Yosemite International Airport and Chandler Downtown Airport to conform to designations and policies specified in adopted City of Fresno compatible land use plans.
• Provide local jurisdictions surrounding the City's publicly owned airports with specific guidelines for effectively dealing with the presence and operation of these airports.

OBJECTIVE NS-6 Foster an efficient and coordinated response to emergencies and natural disasters.

Policy NS-6-a County Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan. Adopt and implement the Fresno County Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan and City of Fresno Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Annex.

Policy NS-6-b Disaster Response Coordination. Maintain coordination with other local, State, and Federal agencies to provide coordinated disaster response.

Policy NS-6-c Emergency Operations Plan. Update the City’s Emergency Operations Plan periodically, using a whole community approach which integrates considerations for People with access and functional needs in all aspects of planning.

Policy NS-6-d Evacuation Planning. Maintain an emergency evacuation plan in consultation with the Police and Fire Departments and other emergency service providers, which shows potential evacuation routes and a list of emergency shelters to be used in case of catastrophic emergencies.

Policy NS -6-e Critical Use Facilities. Ensure critical use facilities (e.g. City Hall, police and fire stations, schools, hospitals, public assembly facilities, transportation services) and other structures that are important to protecting health and safety in the community remain operational during an emergency. • Site and design these facilities to minimize their exposure and susceptibility to flooding, seismic and geological effects, fire, and explosions.
• Work with the owners and operators of critical use facilities to ensure they can provide alternate sources of electricity, water, and sewerage in the event that regular utilities are interrupted in a disaster.

Policy NS -6-f Emergency Vehicle Access. Require adequate access for emergency vehicles in all new development, including adequate widths, turning radii, hard standing areas, and vertical clearance.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 78 Policy NS -6-g Emergency Preparedness Public Awareness Programs. Continue to conduct programs to inform the general public, including people with access and functional needs, of the City’s emergency preparedness and disaster response procedures.

4.9.2 Impact Assessment
a) Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials?
Less than Significant Impact. The proposed Project consists of a senior center and affordable housing units for seniors. The type of hazardous materials that would be associated with Project operations would be cleaning supplies, HVAC equipment, etc. Because of the use, it is not expected that the Project would routinely transport, use, or dispose of hazardous materials other than those typical of recreational uses and such materials would not be of the type or quantity that would pose a significant hazard to the public.

Potential impacts during the construction of the Project could result from the use of fuels and lubricants for construction equipment. However, these impacts would be short -term and temporary and would be reduced to less than significant levels through compliance with local, state, and federal regulations in addition to standard equipment operating practices. As indicated in the lead and asbestos surveys conducted for the Project site, the existing buildings and development on the parcel identified as APN 4 26-253-19 contain both lead and asbestos , which could result in potentially significant impacts . Occupational exposure to lead is regulated by OSHA (26 CFR 1926.22) and California OSHA (Title 8, GISO 5198 and CSO 1532.1) , which requires initial employee exposure monitoring to evaluate worker exposure during work that disturbs lead containing paint. The San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District is the responsible agency on the local level to enforce and require that asbestos-containing materials be r emoved prior to renovation or demolition activities. Therefore, through compliance with federal regulations, potential impacts related to release of or exposure to these hazardous materials would be reduced to less than significant levels.

Overall, compliance with local, state, and federal regulations, including but not limited to compliance with EPA’s oil spills prevention and preparedness regulations, OSHA, California OSHA, California Office of Emergency Services implementation of hazardous materials accident prevention, and California Department of Toxic Substance Control permitting, regulations as administered by Fresno County, San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District rules and regulations, and Fresno General Plan policies under Objective NS-4, in addition to standard equipment operating practices as indicated in operator manuals, would minimize the potential for impacts. For these reasons, the Project would have a less than significant impact.
b) Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment? Less than Significant Impact. As described under criterion a) above, it is not anticipated that the Project itself will involve any operations that would require routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials and therefore is not anticipated to create a significant hazard t o the public or the environment through release of hazardous materials. While potential impacts would occur through construction -related transport and disposal of hazardous materials, such impacts would be short -term and temporary and would be reduced to less than significant levels

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 79 through compliance with local, state, and federal regulations in addition to standard equipment operating practices.

Therefore, the Project would have a less than significant impact. c) Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school?
Less than Significant Impact. Schools within one-quarter mile of the Project site include Del Mar Elementary School, approximately 0.2 0 miles southwest of the site . As described under criteria a) and b) above, the Project is not anticipated to emit hazard emissions or handle hazardous materials, substances, or water that would pose a risk or threat to the school or surrounding area. Therefore, a less than significant impact would occur. d) Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment? No Impact. According to EnviroStor and GeoTracker, the Project is not located on a site that is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5. Therefore, the Project would not create a significant hazard to the public of the environment. For these reasons, there would be no impact. e) For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard for people residing or working in the project area?
Less than Significant Impact. The Project site is located within the PAZ of the Fresno Yosemite International Airport AIA. Because it is within the AIA, City of Fresno Planning staff is required to review the Project for consistency with the ALUCP and General Plan. Review for consistency took place during the entitlement process. Therefore, through compliance with the ALUCP and General Plan, the Project would not result in a safety hazard for people residing or working in the area and impacts would be less than significant. f) Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan?
Less than Significant Impact. The Project would not involve any new or altered infrastructure associated with evacuation, emergency response, and emergency access routes within the City or County of Fresno. Construction of frontage improvements may require lane closure; however, these activities would be short -term and access through East Holland Avenue or East Swift Avenue would be maintained through standard traffic control. Following construction, these streets would continue to provide access to the site. Furthermore, the Project would be subject to compliance with applicable standards for on -site emergency access including turn radii and fire access. In addition, development projects would not impede the implementation of General Plan o bjective NS-6 policies NS- 6-a to NS-6-g. Therefore, through the development review process and General Plan compliance, the Project would not impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan and impacts would be less than significant. g) Expose people or structures, either directly or indirectly, to a significant risk of loss, injury, or death involving wildland fires?

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 80 Less than Significant Impact. According to the Fresno General Plan, wildfire threats to Fresno are minimal because the city is largely urbanized or working agricultural land and lacks steep topography. Although the city is proximate to high and very high fire hazard designated area, the urbanized area is categorized as little or no threat or moderate fire hazard which is attributed to its paved areas. Furthermore, the Project site is not identified by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire) as a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (VHFHSZ) within the Local Responsibility Area.28 In addition, the Project proposes the construction of a senior center and affordable housing development that would be occupied by humans; as such, the structure shall be constructed in adherence to the Wildland Urban Interface Codes and Standards of the California Building Code Chapter 7A. Compliance with such regulations would ensure that the Project meets standards to help prevent loss, injury, or death involving wildland fires. For these reasons, the Project would have a less than significant impact.

4.9.3 Mitigation Measures
None required.

28 California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. FHSZ Viewer. Accessed on September 17, 2024, https://egis.fire.ca.gov/FHSZ/.

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4.10 HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Violate any water quality standards or
waste discharge requirements or
otherwise substantially degrade
surface or ground water quality?
X
b) Substantially decrease groundwater
supplies or interfere substantially with
groundwater recharge such that the
project may impede sustainable
groundwater management of the
basin?
X
c) Substantially alter the existing
drainage pattern of the site or area,
including through the alteration of the
course of a stream or river, or through
the addition of impervious surfaces, in
a manner which would:

X
i. Result in a substantial erosion
or siltation on- or off-site; X
ii. Substantially increase the rate
or amount of surface runoff in
a manner which would result
in flooding on- or off-site:

X
iii. Create or contribute runoff
water which would exceed the
capacity of existing or
planned stormwater drainage
systems or provide substantial
additional sources of polluted
runoff; or
X
iv. Impede or redirect flood
flows? X
d) In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche
zones, risk release of pollutants due to
project inundation?
X
e) Conflict with or obstruct
implementation of a water quality
control plan or sustainable
groundwater management plan?
X

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4.10.1 Environmental Setting
Through the entitlement review process, the City and responsible agencies will review the Project to determine adequate capacity in these systems and ensure compliance with applicable connection and discharge requirements.

Water
The City of Fresno Water Division manages and operates the City of Fresno’s water system. Fresno meets its demand for domestic water from a combination of groundwater, treated surface water, and reclaimed water sources. Groundwater is accessed from the Kings River Sub -basin of the San Joaquin Valley Groundwater Basin , while surface water from the Central Valley Project and Kings River are treated at the Northeast Surface Water Treatment Facility and Southeast Surface Water Treatment Facility. Surface water is also used to replace lost groundwater through Fresno’s recharge program at the City -owned Leaky Acres, Nielsen Recharge Facility, and smaller facilities in southeast Fresno.

Stormwater
The Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District (FMFCD) manages stormwater runoff in Fresno. The major elements of the FMFCD’s flood control system include dams, reservoirs, and detention basins. The FMFCD is responsible for reviewing development proposals to assess drainage and flood control impacts and needs, in addition to determining applicable requirements and modifications needed in order to implement the Storm Drainage and Flood Control Master Plan.

4.10.2 Impact Assessment
a) Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality?
Less than Significant Impact. Because the Project site is greater than one (1) acre in size, the developer is required to prepare a SWPPP (Section 4.7) in compliance with the General Permit for Discharges of Storm Water Associated with Construction Activity (i.e., General Permit Order No. 2012 -0006-DWQ). The SWPPP estimates the sediment risk associated with construction activities and includes best management practices (BMP) to control erosion. BMPs specific to erosion control cover erosion, sediment, tracking, and waste management controls. Implementation of the SWPPP minimizes the potential for the Project to result in substantial soil erosion or loss of topsoil. These provisions minimize the potential for the Project to violate any waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality. Further, runoff resulting from the Project would be managed by the FMFCD in compliance w ith the Storm Drainage and Flood Control Master Plan in addition to approved grading and drainage plans. Thus, compliance with existing regulations incl uding the General Construction Permit, BMPs, and Storm Drainage and Flood Control Master Plan would reduce potential impacts related to water quality and waste discharge to less than significant levels.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 83 b) Substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin? Less than Significant Impact. The City’s long -term water resource planning for existing and future demand is addressed in the City’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan (UWM P).29 According to the UWMP, water demand in the city has decreased over the past two (2) decades and is expected to grow at a slower rate than the anticipated population growth. This trend is captured by the daily per capita water use, measured as gallons per capita per day (GPCD). For 2020, water use averaged 198 GPCD based on 121,993 acre-feet (AF) of water production. Of note, this GPCD is below the 2020 daily per capita water use target of 247 GPCD, which the UWMP attributes to conservation efforts implemented by the City. According to the UWMP, the City’s per capita water usage is projected to continue to decline through 2045 due to more water efficiency in future construction and passive conservation pursuant to requirements of the California Plumbing Code (e.g., use of higher efficiency appliances, water efficient landscaping, etc.).

Regarding water supply reliability, the City manages its surface water and groundwater supply by maximizing water for potable use and intentional recharge during wet and normal years and relies on groundwater during dry years.

To optimize water supply reliability and resiliency, the City is currently undergoing an update of its Metro Plan which will identify projects and programs. Generally, the City’s approach is to maximize local supplies and improve the storage of the groundwater basin through recharge, recycled water usage, and conservation.

The UWMP projects normal water year, single dry water year, and five -year consecutive drought period supplies based on historic water allocations, sustainable yields, and utilization of recycled water. Based on these projections, the UWMP found that groundwater supplies remain reliable in all hydrologic conditions, attributing the stability to intentional recharge. The projections also show that the City will have greater than 100,000 AF available supply in normal years after meeting demands. In a single dry year, surface water supplies will be reduced but the City would still be able to meet all potable demands. Lastly, for five-year consecutive drought periods, the City is projected to meet all demands with its existing supplies with reduced groundwater re charge in year three (3) and four (4) to accommodate reduced surface water allocations. Based on these projections, it can be inferred that future development, such as the proposed Project, will not negatively impact the City’s ability to provide water ass uming adherence to requirements and recommendations from the City’s water resources planning efforts.

According to the UWMP, the Project site is located in the Highway 41 Pressure Zone and there is an active City well located approximately 0.10 miles north of the Project site. There are also existing six (6)-inch public water mains and public fire hydrants on all surrounding roadways that the existing buildings are already connected to . Figure 4-2 shows the location of existing water wells, water mains, fire hydrants, and sewer mains in the vicinity of the Project site.30 Development of the Project site has been reviewed by the City through the entitlement process and must incorporate conditions such as installing water service and meter boxes to connect to the existing City facilities

29 City of Fresno (2021). 2020 Urban Water Management Plan . Accessed September 12, 2024 , https://www.fresno.gov/publicutilities/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2021/06/Fresno-2020-UWMP_Public-Draft_2021-06-

29.pdf
30 City of Fresno. Iveiw Fresno. Accessed September 12, 2024, https://iviewfresno.ci.fresno.ca.us/iview/index.html#

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 84 and paying the Water Capacity Fee for installation. Collectively, these facilities will convey water to and from the Project site.

Potable water demands for the Project were estimated using land -use-based unit water demand factors last updated for the City in 2018. The Project site has an existing land use of a shopping center (Neighborhood Commercial land use classification ) and proposes to develop the site with a senior center (Community Activity Center land use classification) and affordable housing (High Density Residential) . According to the land-use-based unit water demand factors for the City, the proposed land use has an annual average (ac -ft/yr/acre) of 2.76., compared to 6.51 (High Density Residential) and 2.16 (Community Activity Center) for the proposed uses.

Table 4-8 summarizes the total water demands to be expected by land use, indicating that a proposed land use would generate a slightly higher demand for water than the existing land use. As shown, the proposed Project would result in an increase in water demand compared to existing uses. However, the proposed land use and development density is consistent with the planned land use designation in the General Plan and the underlying zoning district. As a result, it can be presumed that the existing and planned water distribution system and supplies should be adequate to serve the Project, and the Project would thereby not interfer e substantially with groundwater recharge or impede sus tainable groundwater management of the basin. In addition, adherence to connection requirements and recommendations pursuant to the City’s water supply planning efforts (i.e., compliance with California Plumbing Code, efficient appliances, efficient landscaping, etc.) should not negatively impact the City’s water provision. Impacts would be less than significant.

Table 4-8 Summary of Total Water Demands by Land Use
Land Use Area (ac) Annual Average (Ac-Ft/Yr/Acre) Annual Average (AFY) Existing
Neighborhood Commercial 5.51 2.76 15.20
Proposed
High Density Residential 1.26 6.51 8.20
Community Activity Center 4.25 2.16 9.18
Total 5.51 -- 17.38
Source: City of Fresno, 2018 Water Demand Factors by Land Use Classification

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Figure 4-2 Existing Water and Sewer Infrastructure in the Project Vicinity

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 86 c) Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river, or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would:
i. Result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site? Less than Significant Impact. Erosion is a natural process in which soil is moved from place to place by wind or from flowing water. The effects of erosion can be accelerated by ground -disturbing activities associated with development. Siltation is the settling of sediment to the bed o f a stream or lake which increases the turbidity of water. Turbid water can have harmful effects to aquatic life by clogging fish gills, reducing spawning habitat, and suppress aquatic vegetation growth.

Development of the Project site would occur on already developed and paved urban land, which is less susceptible to erosion than land with bare soils , thus it is expected that minimal erosion would occur on -site. During construction activities, and in compliance with the Project’s Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), construction-related erosion controls and BMPs would be implemented to reduce potential impacts related to erosion and siltation. These BMPs would include, but are not limited to, cove ring and/or binding soil surfaces to prevent soil from being detached and transported by water or wind, and the use of barriers such as straw bales and sandbags to control sediment. Together, the controls and BMPs are intended to limit soil transportation and erosion.

In addition, development of the Project has been reviewed and conditioned by the FMFCD to ensure adequately discharged and capture d stormwater runoff . The proposed drainage pattern is required to be constructed per regulations of the Storm Drainage and Flood Control Master Plan and will be reviewed by the FMFCD to ensure proper drainage. Consequently, review and approval by the FMFCD and compliance with standard requirements would result in a less than significant impact.
d) Substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner, which would result in flooding on - or off-site?
Less than Significant Impact. Development of the Project, including grading and drainage plans, has been reviewed, and conditioned by the FMFCD prior to the final development approval to ensure that surface runoff is controlled in a manner which would not result in flooding on- or off-site. For this reason, a less than significant impact would occur because of the Project.
e) Create or contribute runoff water, which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff? Less than Significant Impact. As previously mentioned, the FMFCD has reviewed the Project to ensure that surface runoff is controlled in a manner which would not result in the creation or contribution of runoff water that would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage services or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff. For this reason, a less than significant impact would occur because of the Project. f) Impede or redirect flood flows?
Less than Significant Impact. Although the construction of the proposed Project would increase impervious surfaces compared to the presently vacant site , the Project would not alter drainage patterns because Project -specific

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 87 grading and drainage plans are required to be reviewed by the FMFCD before building permit approval. Additionally, the overall Project would decrease impervious surfaces when compared to the now demolished, former grocery store and paved parking lot . Further, the Project site is currently connected to existing facilities. As a result, the Project would not impede or redirect flood flows and a less than significant impact would occur as a result. g) In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones, risk release of pollutants due to project inundation? Less than Significant Impact. The Project site is not in a flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zone (i.e., standing waves on river, reservoirs, ponds, and lakes); there are no oceans, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, or lakes on or within the site and its vicinity. The Project site is designate d as Zone X on the most recent Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) No. 0601901570H dated February 18, 2009. Zone X is an area of minimal flood hazards with a 0.2 percent -annual- chance of flood (i.e., 500-year flood). In addition, the Project area as well as the city of Fresno has historically been subject to low to moderate ground shaking and has a relatively low probability of shaking. As such, seiches are unlikely to form due to the low seismic energy produced in the area. Therefore, as a low -risk area, a less than significant impact as it relates to the risk release of pollutants due to project inundations would occur as a result of the Project.
h) Conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan?
Less than Significant Impact. A groundwater sustainability plan was adopted for the Kings Groundwater Sub -basin on November 21, 2019, by the North Kings Groundwater Sustainability Agency, of which the City of Fresno is a member.31 The proposed Project is required to comply with the adopted plan (North Kings Groundwater) to meet the 2040 sustainability deadline for the basin. As mentioned above, surface water will largely be the source of supply in wet hydrologic periods, groundwater will be used in a managed manner in normal hydrologic periods and relied upon more in very dry periods. Through 30 years of diligent water resource planning and construction of surface water treatment facilities, inclusive of the Southeast Surface water Treatment Facility (which is a project within the sustainability plan), the City has largely attained the balanced use of groundwater supplies well ahead of the legislative requirement of 2040, thus maki ng the City compliant with the North Kings Groundwater Sustainability Plan goals. For these reasons, a less than significant impact would occur because of the Project.

4.10.3 Mitigation Measures
None required.

31 North Kings Groundwater Sustainability Agency (2020). Groundwater Sustainability Plan . Accessed October 6 , 2021, https://northkingsgsa.org/groundwater-sustainability-plan/

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4.11 LAND USE PLANNING
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Physically divide an established
community? X
b) Cause a significant environmental
impact due to a conflict with any land
use plan, policy, or regulation adopted
for the purpose of avoiding or
mitigating an environmental effect?
X

4.11.1 Environmental Setting
The Project site is within the city limits of Fresno and is surrounded by existing urban development.

4.11.2 Impact Assessment
a) Physically divide an established community?
No Impact. Typically, physical division of an established community would occur if a project introduced new incompatible uses inconsistent with the planned or existing land uses or created a physical barrier that impeded access within the community. Typical examples of physical barriers include the introduction of new, intersecting roadways, roadway closures, and construction of new major utility infrastructure (e.g., transmission lines, storm channels, etc.).

Surrounding Land Uses
The Project site is along the Blackstone Avenue Corridor within an area generally characterized by a mix of existing land uses including residential (south and west), commercial (north, east, and south), and ponding basin (north).

Future site improvements would be regulated by development standards and zoning regulations, including height, landscaping, setbacks, improvements, right -of-way dedications, open space, parking, and permitted uses etc. As such, the Project would be consistent and therefore compatible with the existing uses surrounding the Project site.

Therefore, implementation of the Project would be generally consistent with the existing and planned land uses within the Project area.

Circulation System
East Holland Avenue, a two (2) -lane, east-west collector forms the northerly site boundary and North Blackstone Avenue, a six (6)-lane, north-south arterial forms the easterly site boundary. Existing street frontage improvements include curb, gutter, sidewalk, storm -drains, streetlights , etc. The Project would continue to be served by the existing circulation system and related infrastructure. The Project does not propose construction of new external roadways.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 89 Utility Infrastructure
The Project site is within city limits and thus will be required to connect to city water, stormwater, and wastewater services. Natural gas, electricity, and telecommunications are provided by private companies. Utility systems are described and analyzed in Section 4. 10 and Section 4. 15. Based on the analysis, implementation of the Project would not result in the construction of new, major utility infrastructure.

Overall, the Project would not represent a significant change in the surrounding area. Implementation of the Project would be generally consistent with the surrounding area and would not result in the physical separation of the established community. For these reasons, a less than significant impact would occur because of the Project. b) Cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect? Less than Significant Impact. Generally, policy conflicts are environmental impacts when they would result in direct physical impacts or where those conflicts relate to avoiding or mitigating environmental impacts. As such, associated physical environmental impacts are discussed in this document under specific topical sections, such as Biological Resources, Cultural Resources, and Tribal Cultural Resources . However, a discussion of certain land use plans, policies, and regulations that are applicable to the proposed Project are included in Table 4-9. Table 4-8 provides a comparison of the Project’s characteristics with all applicable policies included in the General Plan as they relate to infill residential development within BRT Corridors. As discussed below, the proposed Project is generally consistent with the General Plan.

Table 4-9 Project Consistency with Applicable General Plan Policies Objective UF-12. Locate roughly one-half of future residential development in infill areas—defined as being within the City on December 31, 2012— including the Downtown core area and surrounding neighborhoods, mixed-use centers and transit-oriented development along major BRT corridors, and other non-corridor infill areas, and vacant land.

Implementing Policies Project Consistency
UF-12-a. BRT Corridors. Design land uses and
integrate development site plans along BRT
corridors, with transit-oriented development that
supports transit ridership and convenient
pedestrian access to bus stops and BRT station
stops.

Consistent. The Project site is along the Blackstone
Avenue Corridor which is designated as a BRT Corridor by the Fresno General Plan. Further, the Project is within

0.25-miles from four (4) bus stops and BRT station stops.

Therefore, the Project can be considered transit-oriented development that supports transit ridership and
convenience pedestrian access to bus/BRT stops and is
thereby consistent with UF-12-a.

UF-12-b. Activity Centers. Mixed-use designated
areas along BRT and/or transit corridors are
appropriate for more intensive concentrations of
urban uses. Typical uses could include commercial
areas; employment centers; schools; compact
residential development; religious institutions;
parks; and other gathering points where residents
may interact, work, and obtain goods and services
in the same place.

Consistent. The Project would facilitate the development of a senior center and affordable housing units for
seniors on a mixed -use designated site within an
urbanized area along the Blackstone Avenue Corridor.

This corridor is a BRT Corridor and Activity Center as per the Fresno General Plan. Thus, the Project is consistent with UF-12-b.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 90 UF-12-c. Local -Serving Neighborhood Centers.

Design Neighborhood Centers for local services and
amenities that build upon the character and
identity of surrounding neighborhoods and
communities
Consistent. The Project would facilitate the development of a centrally located, transit-accessible senior center and affordable housing units for seniors that would provide services and amenities for the local senior population
residing in the city of Fresno. As of 2019 the city’s
population that is 65 years and over accounts for
approximately 11% (58,538) of the overall population
(525,010). 32 Approximately 3,707 seniors, or 6% of the total senior population live within a one (1)-mile radius of the proposed Project. 33 Thus, the Project is consistent with UF-12-c.

UF-12-d. Appropriate Mixed -Use. Facilitate the
development of vertical and horizontal mixed -uses
to blend residential, commercial, and public land
uses on one or adjacent sites. Ensure land use
compatibility between mixed-use districts in
Activity Centers and the surrounding residential
neighborhoods.

Consistent. The Project would facilitate the development of a senior center and affordable housing units for
seniors, thereby blending residential and public
institutional uses in the project area. Both proposed uses are permitted by the underlying mixed -use land use
designation and zone district, which is situated along the Blackstone Avenue Corridor. This corridor is designated as a BRT Corridor and Activity Center by the Fresno
General Plan. The refore, the Project is consistent with UF-12-d.

Objective LU-2. Plan for infill development that includes a range of housing types, building forms, and land uses to meet the needs of both current and future residents.

Implementing Policies Project Consistency
LU-2-a. Infill Development and Redevelopment.

Promote development of vacant, underdeveloped,
and re -developable land within the City Limits
where urban services are available by considering
the establishment and implementation of
supportive regulations and programs
Consistent. The Project would facilitate the development of a senior center and affordable housing units for
seniors on a previously developed site. The site former ly contained a grocery store and paved parking lot , in
addition to a retail strip mall, and can therefore be
considered an infill site that is re -developable land.

Further, because the Project site is an infill site
surrounded by existing urban uses, urban services are
available to serve the site. Therefore, the Project is
consistent with LU-2-a.

Objective LU-5. Plan for a diverse housing stock that will support balanced urban growth, and make efficient use of resources and public facilities.

Implementing Policies Project Consistency
LU-5-i. Housing for Seniors. Facilitate the
development of senior housing projects that are
accessible to public transportation and services.

Consistent. The Project site is along the Blackstone
Avenue Corridor which is designated as a BRT Corridor by the Fresno General Plan. Further, the Project is within

32U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2019, 5-Year Estimates for S0103: Population 65 Years and Over. Accessed March 29, 2022.
33 Surrounding neighborhoods within a one (1) mile radius include Census Tracts: 35, 46.02, 49.01, 50, and 51.

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0.25-miles from four (4) bus stops and BRT station stops.

Further, the Project would be accessible to public
transportation and services. Therefore, the Project is
consistent with LU-5-i.

Further, through the entitlement process, the Project has been reviewed for compliance with applicable regulations inclusive of those adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating environmental effects. Overall, the entitlement process would ensure that the Project complies with the General Plan, FMC, and any other applicable policies and regulations. As such, the Project would have a less than significant impact.

4.11.3 Mitigation Measures
None required.

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4.12 MINERAL RESOURCES
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Result in the loss of availability of a
known mineral resource that would
be of value to the region and the
residents of the state?
X
b) Result in the loss of availability of a
locally-important mineral resource
recovery site delineated on a local
general plan, specific plan or other
land use plan?
X

4.12.1 Environmental Setting
The California Geological Survey (CGS) classifies and designates areas within California that contain or potentially contain significant mineral resources. Lands are classified into Aggregate and Mineral Resource Zones (MRZs), which identify known or inferred significant mineral resources. According to the California Department of Conservation, CGS’s Surface Mining and Reclamation Act (SMARA) Mineral Lands Classification (MLC) data portal, the nearest mineral resource areas to the city of Fresno are in the San Joaquin and Kings River areas which are classified as Mineral Resource Zone (MRZ)-2.

4.12.2 Impact Assessment
a) Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value to the region and the residents of the state?
No Impact. The Project site is not located in an area designated for mineral resource preservation or recovery.

Therefore, the Project would not result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value to the region and the residents of the state. Therefore, no impact would occur as a result of the Project. b) Result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan, or other land use plan?
No Impact. As described above, the Project site is not located in an area designated for mineral resource preservation or recovery and as a result, the Project would not result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value to the region and the residents of the state. Further, the site is not delineated on the General Plan, a Specific Plan, or other land use plan as a locally important mineral resource recovery site, thus it would not result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource. Therefore, no impact would occur as a result of the Project.

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4.12.3 Mitigation Measures
None required.

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4.13 NOISE
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Generation of a substantial temporary
or permanent increase in ambient
noise levels in the vicinity of the
project in excess of standards
established in the local general plan or
noise ordinance, or applicable
standards of other agencies?
X
b) Generation of excessive groundborne
vibration or groundborne noise
levels?
X
c) For a project located within the
vicinity of a private airstrip or an
airport land use plan or, where such a
plan has not been adopted, within two
miles of a public airport or public use
airport, would the project expose
people residing or working in the
project area to excessive noise levels?
X

4.13.1 Environmental Setting
In general, there are two (2) types of noise sources: 1) mobile source and 2) stationary sounds. Mobile source noises are typically associated with transportation including automobiles, trains, and aircraft. Stationary sounds are sources that do not move such as machinery or construction sites. Two (2) noise generating activities of the Project would include construction (short-term, temporary) and operational (long-term) noise.

Sensitive land uses include residential, schools, churches, nursing homes, hospitals, and open space/recreation areas. Commercial, farmland, and industrial areas are not considered noise sensitive and generally have higher tolerances for exterior and interior noise levels. The nearest sensitive receptors to the Project site are single-family residences located adjacent to the west of the Project site.

Fresno General Plan
The City of Fresno General Plan Noise Element provides noise level criteria for land use compatibility for both transportation and non‐transportation noise sources. The General Plan sets noise compatibility standards for transportation noise sources in terms of the Day‐Night Average Level (L dn). The L dn represents the time‐weighted energy average noise level for a 24‐hour day, with a 10 dB penalty added to noise levels occurring during the nighttime hours (10:00 p.m.‐7:00 a.m.). The L dn represents cumulative exposure to noise over an extended period of time and is therefore calculated based upon annual average conditions. Table 4-10 provides the General Plan noise level standards for transportation noise sources.

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Table 4-10 City of Fresno General Plan Noise Level Standards - Transportation (Non-Aircraft) Noise Sources Noise-Sensitive Land Use Outdoor Activity Areas1 Interior Space Ldn/CNEL, dB Ldn/CNEL, dB Leq dB2
Residential 65 45 -
Transient Lodging 65 45 -
Hospitals, Nursing Homes 65 45 -
Theaters, Auditoriums, Music Halls - - 35
Churches, Meeting Halls 65 - 45
Office Buildings - - 45
Schools, Libraries, Museums - - 45
1 Where the location of the outdoor activity areas is unknown or is not applicable, the exterior noise level standard shall be applied to the property line of the receiving land use. 2 As determined for a typical worst‐case hour during periods of use.

Source: City of Fresno General Plan
The General Plan also establishes implementing policies related to new noise sensitive land uses ( NS-1-a), new developments with potential impact due to existing noise‐sensitive land uses (NS-1-i), and of significance threshold when determining an increase in noise levels over existing ambient noise levels (NS-1-j).

Implementation Policy NS‐1‐a Desirable and Generally Acceptable Exterior Noise Environment. Establish 65 dBA Ldn or CNEL as the standard for the desirable maximum average exterior noise levels for defined usable exterior areas of residential and noise‐sensitive uses for noise, but designate 60 dBA L dn or CNEL (measured at the property line) for noise generated by stationary sources impinging upon residential and noise‐ sensitive uses. Maintain 65 dBA L dn or CNEL as the maximum average exterior noise levels for non‐sensitive commercial land uses, and maintain 70 dBA Ldn or CNEL as maximum average exterior noise level for industrial land uses, both to be measured at the property line of parcels where noise is generated which may impinge on neighboring properties.

Implementation Policy NS‐1‐i Mitigation by New Development. Require an acoustical analysis where new development of industrial, commercial or other noise generating land uses (including transportation facilities such as roadways, railroads, and airports) may result in noise levels that exceed the noise level expos ure criteria established by Table 4-10 and Table 4-11 to determine impacts, and require developers to mitigate these impacts in conformance with Tables 9‐2 and 9‐3 as a condition of permit approval through appropriate means.

Noise mitigation measures may include:
• The screening of noise sources such as parking and loading facilities, outdoor activities, and mechanical equipment;
• Providing increased setbacks for noise sources from adjacent dwellings; • Installation of walls and landscaping that serve as noise buffers; • Installation of soundproofing materials and double‐glazed windows; and • Regulating operations, such as hours of operation, including deliveries and trash pickup.

Alternative acoustical designs that achieve the prescribed noise level reduction may be approved by the City, provided a qualified Acoustical Consultant submits information demonstrating that the alternative designs will achieve and maintain the specific targets for outdoor activity areas and interior spaces. As a last resort, developers

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 96 may propose to construct noise walls along roadways when compatible with aesthetic concerns and neighborhood character. This would be a developer responsibility, with no City funding.

Implementation Policy NS‐1‐j Significance Threshold. Establish, as a threshold of significance for the City's environmental review process, that a significant increase in ambient noise levels is assumed if the project would increase noise levels in the immediate vicinity by 3 dB Ldn or CNEL or more above the ambient noise limits established in this General Plan Update.

When an increase in noise would result in a “significant” impact (increase of three dBA or more) to residents or businesses, then noise mitigation would be required to reduce noise exposure. If the increase in noise is less than three dBA, then the noise impact is considered insignificant and no noise mitigation is needed. By setting a specific threshold of significance in the General Plan, this policy facilitates making a determination of environmental impact, as required by the California Environmental Quality Act. It helps the City determine whether (1) the potential impact of a development project on the noise environment warrants mitigation, or (2) a statement of overriding considerations will be required.

Fresno Municipal Code
Section 15‐2506 of the City of Fresno Municipal Code (FMC) establishes hourly acoustical performance standards for non‐transportation noise sources , as shown in Table 4-11. FMC states that when ambient noise levels exceed or equal the levels the standards, mitigation shall only be required to limit noise to the existing ambient noise levels, with an allowance to exceed by maximum five (5) dB. Section 15‐2506 of the Municipal Code is consistent with Implementing Policy NS‐1‐i of the Noise Element of the City of Fresno General Plan.

Table 4-11 Non-Transportation Noise Level Standards, dBA – City of Fresno Municipal Code, Section 15-2506 Daytime (7 a.m. – 10 p.m.) Nighttime (10 p.m. – 7 a.m.) Leq Lmax Leq Lmax
50 70 45 60
Source: City of Fresno Municipal Code
Section 10 of the FMC provides existing ambient noise levels to be applied to various districts, further divided into various hours of the day. Table 4-12 describes the assumed minimum ambient noise levels by district and time.

Section 10‐102(b) states “For the purpose of this ordinance, ambient noise level is the level obtained when the noise level is averaged over a period of fifteen minutes, without inclusion of the offending noise, at the location and time of day at which a comparison with the offending noise is to be made. Where the ambient noise level is less than that designated in this section, however, the noise level specified herein shall be deemed to be the ambient noise level for that location”.

Table 4-12 Assumed Minimum Ambient Noise Level, dBA - City of Fresno Municipal Code, Section 10-102(B) District Time Sound Level, dB Leq
Residential 10 PM to 7 AM 50
Residential 7 PM to 10 PM 55
Residential 7 AM to 7 PM 60
Commercial 10 PM to 7 AM 60
Commercial 7 PM to 10 PM 65
Industrial Anytime 70
Source: City of Fresno Municipal Code

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 97 For noise sources that are not transportation related, which usually includes commercial or industrial activities and other stationary noise sources (such as amplified music), it is common to assume that a 3‐5 dB increase in noise levels represents a substantial increase in ambient noise levels. This is based on lab oratory tests that indicate that a 3 dB increase is the minimum change perceptible to most people, and a 5 dB increase is perceived as a “definitely noticeable change.”
Existing Ambient Noise Environment
The Project Area is within City Limits. Most Project parcels are surrounded by urbanized development. As such, the existing noise environment is impacted by various noise sources, including vehicles, residential (i.e. talking, car doors shutting, dogs barking, etc.), commercial/retail (i.e. talking, car doors shutting, loading, etc.), industrial (i.e., machinery, loading, talking, etc.), office (i.e., car doors shutting, etc.), and noise from other uses.

4.13.2 Impact Assessment
a) Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or in other applicable local, state, or federal standards?
Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated. Noise generating activities of the Project would include traffic noise and stationary source noise, such as operations and construction as described below. Overall, the Project would result in a less than significant impact regarding noise.

Mobile-Source Noise
The primary source of on -going noise from the future senior center and apartment units will be from vehicles traveling to and from the site. The Project will generate an increase in traffic on some roadways in the Project area.

However, the relatively low number of new trips associated with the Project is not likely to increase the ambient noise levels by a significant amount as the area is active with vehicles and the proposed Project will not introduce a new significant source of noise that isn’t already occurring in the area.

Operational
Based on anticipated operations as a senior center and affordable housing development, stationary noise sources can be expected from mechanical equipment, such as HVAC systems. Such noise sources can be expected to be intermittent and generally localized within the enclosed building. Much of this equipment would be in equipment rooms or in areas that are shielded from direct public/personnel exposure (e.g., above ceilings, in walls, behind enclosures) and associated noises would therefore be indiscernible beyond the building walls.

Further, the Project would be subject to compliance with the General Plan Noise Element and FMC requirements to ensure that the ambient noise level does not increase at receiving residential properties by more than 5 dB .

Given the amount of existing commercial and residential uses in the Project area and the Project’s required compliance with applicable policies and regulations, it can be expected that the Project would not introduce a new significant source of noise that is not already occurring in the Project area. Therefore, the Project would have a less- than-significant impact regarding operational noise impacts.

Construction

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 98 The City of Fresno does not have standardized criteria for assessing construction noise impacts in Fresno. Therefore, the following sources are used for comprehensive thresholds to evaluate and mitigate construction noise impacts:
• 80 dBA or higher per the Caltrans Technical Noise Supplement to the Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol (2013) • 86 dBA at 50 feet from the job site activities from 9 p.m. to 6 a.m. per the Caltrans Traffic Noise Analysis Protocol (2020) 34
• 85 dBA at 50 ft. from the sources per the Federal Transit Administration, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual (2018)
• 85 dBA or higher per the Environmental Protection Agency Noise Control Act Guidelines • 90 dBA for occupational noise exposure over an eight (8) -hour workday, with recommended hearing protection for levels above 85 dBA, per the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Construction activities would result in short-term noise impacts that vary depending on the nature of the phase of construction (e.g., site preparation, grading and trenching, building construction, etc.). Construction phases would include standard construction activi ties such as site preparation, grading/excavation, draining/utilities/trenching, foundations/concrete pour, building construction, and paving. Table 4-13 provides a list of construction equipment that would be used for construction of the Project with maximum noise levels at 50 ft., following the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Roadway Construction Noise Model (RCNM). As shown, several types of equipment would be expected to exceed the thresholds of 80 dBA provided above at 50 ft.

Table 4-13 Typical Construction Equipment Maximum Noise Levels, dBA at 50 ft.

Equipment Type Maximum Noise Level (Lmax) at 50 ft.

Air Compressor 81
Backhoe 80
Compactor 82
Concrete Mixer 85
Concrete Pump 82
Concrete Vibrator 76
Dozer 85
Generator 81
Grader 85
Impact Wrench 85
Jack Hammer 88
Loader 85
Paver 89
Pneumatic Tool 85
Pump 76
Saw 76
Scarifier 83
Scraper 89

34 https://dot.ca.gov/-/media/dot-media/programs/environmental-analysis/documents/env/traffic-noise-protocol-april-2020- a11y.pdf

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 99 Truck 88
The nearest sensitive land use is single-family residences adjacent to the west of the Project site. The residences are approximately 20 to 50 feet from the Project site. Between the Project site and single -family residences are approximately 5 ft. tall concrete walls with mature trees and landscaping, and setbacks of approximately 20 -65 ft.

Per the FHWA Noise Barrier Design Handbook, these existing measures can provide at least 5 dBA noise reductions.

An estimate of construction equipment noise impacts at 20 feet from the Project site was modeled using the FHWA RCNM Version 1.0. Results are shown in Table 4-14.

Table 4-14 Receptors and Baseline Analyzed in the RCNM
Equipment Type Noise Level (Leq)
at 20 ft. (dBA)
Noise Level (Leq) at 20 ft.
with 5 dBA Noise Reduction
Noise Limit
Exceedance (dBA)
Air Compressor 81.6 76.6 None
Backhoe 81.5 76.5 None
Compactor 84.2 79.2 None
Concrete Mixer 82.8 77.8 None
Concrete Pump 82.4 77.4 None
Concrete Vibrator 81.0 76.0 None
Dozer 85.6 80.6 0.6
Generator 85.6 80.6 0.6
Grader 89.0 84.0 4.0
Impact Wrench *not modeled *not modeled -
Jack Hammer 89.9 84.9 Exempt
Loader *not modeled *not modeled -
Paver 82.2 77.2 None
Pneumatic Tool 90.1 85.1 5.1
Pump 85.9 80.9 0.9
Saw 84.7 79.7 None
Scarifier *not modeled *not modeled -
Scraper 87.6 82.6 2.6
Truck *not modeled *not modeled -
Based on the thresholds identified above and the noise levels expected by equipment type at 20 ft., construction- related noise impacts could be potentially significant even with the existing 5 ft. tall concrete walls . Of note, 5-ft. concrete walls typically result in a 5dBA reduction. Typical noise levels generated by individual pieces of construction equipment generally range from approximately 77 dBA to 85 dBA Leq at 20 ft., with a 5 dBA noise reduction from the concrete walls. Therefore, to mitigate construction-related noise impacts to less than significant levels for nearby sensitive receptors, the Project shall incorporate MM NOI-1 to implement noise reduction measures as described below . Noise control devices, such as mufflers, lagging, and/or motor enclosures can typically reduce noise levels by 15 to 25 dBA depending on design and quality. With the incorporation of MM NOI- 1, construction noise impacts would have a less than significant impact.

Mitigation Measure NOI-1: Prior to awarding a contract for construction, the City of Fresno Capitol Projects Department shall verify that the Contractors’ scopes of work and agreements for the Project include equipment noise reduction measures for the construction equipment utilized for the Project, including

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 100 dozers, generators, graders, pneumatic tools, pumps, and scrapers that generate more than 80 Leq dBA as measured at the property line of the neighboring single-family residences to the west of the Project site. The following measures shall be implemented to reduce noise levels by 15 to 25 dBA. • Place stationary noise generators at least 50 ft. or more from the property line of the adjacent sensitive receptors to the west of the Project site.
• Ensure pneumatic impact tools and equipment used will have intake and exhaust mufflers recommended by the manufacturers thereof, to meet relevant noise limitations. • Equip dozers, generators, graders, pneumatic tools, pumps, and scrapers with noise control devices such as mufflers, lagging, and/or motor enclosures.
• Schedule construction activities so as to avoid operating all pieces of noise-generating equipment simultaneously within 50 ft. or less from the property line of the adjacent sensitive receptors to the west of the Project site.

Lastly, construction-related noise levels for the Project would be short -term and cease upon Project completion.

These activities would be temporary and would generally take place Monday through Friday between 7:00 am and 7:00 pm. FMC Section 10-109.- Exceptions states that construction noise is exempted from City noise regulations provided such work takes places between 7:00 am and 10:00 pm on any day except Sunday. Construction-related noise would cease upon completion of the Project and would be conducte d in accordance with the FMC .

Additionally, construction noise is not considered to have a significant impact if construction is limited to daytime hours and construction equipment is adequately maintained and muffled. For these reasons, the Project would have a less than significant impact regarding construction noise impacts. b) Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels? Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated. Vibration refers to ground borne noise and perceptible motion.

Typical sources of ground borne vibration are construction activities, such as blasting, pile driving, and operating heavy-duty earthmoving equipment, steel -wheeled trains, and occasional traff ic on rough roads. Impacts from ground borne vibration and noise from these typical sources are usually within approximately 100 feet of the vibration source. Ground borne vibration has the potential to disturb people and damage buildings. Ground borne vibration is usually measured in terms of vibration velocity such as peak particle velocity (PPV).

The City of Fresno does not have regulations that define acceptable levels of vibration. One of the most recent references suggesting vibration guidelines is the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Transportation and Construction Vibration Guidance Manual. The Manual provides guidance for determining annoyance potential criteria and damage potential threshold criteria based on categories of structures, including historic buildings that may not be considered extremely fragile. These criteria a re provided below in Table 4-15 and Table 4-16 and are presented in terms of peak PPV in inches per second (in/sec). The PPV levels reported represent those measured at the potential receiver location.

Table 4-15 Guideline Vibration Annoyance Potential Criteria Human Response
Maximum PPV (in/sec) at Receiver
Transient Sources Continuous/Frequent
Intermittent Sources
Barely Perceptible 0.04 0.01

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 101 Distinctly Perceptible 0.25 0.04
Strongly Perceptible 0.9 0.1
Severe 2.0 0.4
Source: Caltrans
Table 4-16 Guideline Vibration Damage Potential Threshold Criteria Structure and Condition
Maximum PPV (in/sec) at Receiver
Transient Sources Continuous/Frequent
Intermittent Sources
Extremely fragile, historic buildings, ancient monuments 0.12 0.08 Fragile buildings 0.2 0.1
Historic and some old buildings 0.5 0.25
Older residential structures 0.5 0.3
New residential structures 1.0 0.5
Modern industrial/commercial buildings 2.0 0.5
Source: Caltrans
Implementation of the Project would result in a senior center and affordable housing units for seniors, which would have noise generating activities. Operations related to the recreational and residential development are not likely to include uses or activ ities that typically generate ground borne vibration or ground borne noise levels in excess.

However, temporary ground borne vibration may result from construction, depending on the use of equipment, distance to affected structures, and soil type. Generali zed vibration levels associated with typical residential construction activities at distances of 25 feet, 50 feet, 100 feet and 300 feet are summarized by Table 4-17. These levels would not be expected to exceed any significance threshold levels for annoyance or damage, as provided above in Table 4-15 and Table 4-16, except for vibratory rollers which would exceed the thresholds for extremely fragile and fragile buildings if used within 25 ft. However, based on historic aerial imagery and estimated year-built dates, the single-family residences adjacent to the Project site to the west were built between 1950 and 1960 which would generally be considered “older residential structures.” Therefore, impacts would be less than significant.

Table 4-17 Typical Vibration Levels During Construction Equipment PPV (in/sec)
At 25 ft. At 50 ft. At 100 ft. At 300 ft.

Bulldozer (Large) 0.089 0.042 0.019 0.006
Bulldozer (Small) 0.003 0.001 0.0006 0.0002
Loaded Truck 0.076 0.027 0.017 0.005
Jackhammer 0.035 0.012 0.008 0.002
Vibratory Roller 0.210 0.097 0.046 0.013
Caisson Drilling 0.089 0.042 0.019 0.006
Source: Caltrans and Federal Transit Administration
c) For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels?
Less than Significant Impact. The nearest public and public use airport is the Fresno Yosemite International Airport approximately ± 3.3-mile southeast of the Project site. The Project Site is within the Airport Influence Area (AIA) but is not within the airport’s noise contour. Because the Project is within the AIA, City of Fresno Planning staff is required to review the Project for consistency with the ALUCP and General Plan. Review for consistency took place

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 102 during the entitlement process. Therefore, through compliance with the ALUCP and General Plan, the Project would not result in a safety hazard for people residing or working in the area and impacts would be less than significant.

4.13.3 Mitigation Measures
None required.

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4.14 POPULATION AND HOUSING
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Induce substantial unplanned
population growth in an area, either
directly (for example, by proposing
new homes and businesses) or
indirectly (for example, through
extension of roads or other
infrastructure)?
X
b) Displace substantial numbers of
existing people or housing,
necessitating the construction of
replacement housing elsewhere?
X

4.14.1 Environmental Setting
CEQA Guidelines Section 15126.2(d) requires that a CEQA document discuss the ways in which the proposed Project could foster economic or population growth, or the construction of additional housing, either directly or indirectly, in the surrounding environ ment. The CEQA Guidelines provide an example of a major expansion of a wastewater treatment plant that may allow for more construction within the service area. The CEQA Guidelines also note that the evaluation of growth inducement should consider the chara cteristics of a project that may encourage or facilitate other activities that could significantly affect the environment. Direct and Indirect Growth Inducement consists of activities that directly facilitate population growth, such as construction of new dwelling units.

4.14.2 Impact Assessment
a) Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure)? Less than Significant Impact. A key consideration in evaluating growth inducement is whether the activity in question constitutes “planned growth.” A residential project that is consistent with the underlying General Plan would generally be considered planned growth because it was prev iously contemplated by these long -range planning documents, and, thus, would not be deemed to have a significant growth -inducing effect. The Project proposes the development of a senior center and affordable housing units for seniors, which is consistent with the zoning and planned land use of the site. In addition, the Project does not propose new roadways or major infrastructure constructions since it is a fully developed site surrounded by existing uses and related infrastructure.

As such, the Project would have a less than significant impact.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 104 b) Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere?
No Impact. The Project site does not currently provide housing. Development of the Project site would not result in the physical displacement of people or housing. No impact would occur because of the Project.

4.14.3 Mitigation Measures
None required.

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4.15 PUBLIC SERVICES
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Result in substantial adverse physical
impacts associated with the provision
of new or physically altered
governmental facilities, need for new
or physically altered governmental
facilities, the construction of which
could cause significant environmental
impacts, in order to maintain
acceptable service ratios, response
times or other performance
objectives for any of the p ublic
services:

i. Fire protection? X
ii. Police protection? X
iii. Schools? X
iv. Parks? X
v. Other public facilities? X

4.15.1 Environmental Setting
The Project is located within Fresno city limits and thus, would be subject to fees for the construction, acquisition, and improvements for such services. These services and fees include:

Fire Protection Services
Fire Protection Services in the city are provided by the Fresno Fire Department (FFD). The FFD operates a total of 20 fire stations/companies that serve a 116-square-mile area. To facilitate adequate service ratios, response times, or other performance objectives for fire protection services, all development in the city of Fresno is required to be located within three (3) miles of an existing fire station. To address impacts to fire protection services, the City of Fresno has implemented the Fire Facilities Fee pursuant to Section 12-4.901 of the FMC, which requires developers to pay the “fair share” of construction and acquisition costs for improvements to fire department facilities. The Project would be subject to the assessment of a Fire Facilities Impact Fee based on the project size.

Table 4-18 Fire Facilities Fee Program
Type Fee
Single-Family Residential per unit $1,893
Multi-Family Residential per unit $1,429
Retail per 1,000 sf. of building $662
Office per 1,000 sf. of building $757

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 106 Police Protection Services
Police Protection Services in the city are provided by the Fresno Police Department (FPD). The FPD is divided into five (5) policing districts. Currently, the City has 926 authorized police officer positions with 858 filled as of June 2024, allowing up to a service level of 1.57 officer per 1,000 residents and providing 1.45 officer per 1,000 residents.

To address impacts to police protection services, the City has implemented the Police Facilities Fee pursuant to Section 12-4.801 of the FMC, which requires developers to pay the “fair share” of construction and acquisition costs for improvements to police protection services and facilities. The Project would be subject to the assessment of a Police Facilities Impact Fee based on the project size.

Table 4-19 Police Facilities Fee Program
Type Fee
Single-Family Residential per unit $618
Multi-Family Residential per unit $466
Retail per 1,000 sf. of building $658
Office per 1,000 sf. of building $626
Schools
Educational services within the Project Area are provided by Fresno Unified School District. Funding for schools and school facilities impacts is outlined in Education Code Section 17620 and Government Code Section 65995 et. seq., which governs the amount of fees that can be levied against new development. These fees are used to construct new or e xpanded school facilities. Payment of fees authorized by the statute is deemed “full and complete mitigation.” A School Impact Fee will be assessed for the Project based on the Developer Fee rates in place at the time payment is due.

Parks and Recreation
Park and Recreation Facilities are overseen by the Fresno Parks and Recreation Department, Parks, After School, Recreation, and Community Services (PARCS). The General Plan established a service standard for park acreage of five (5) acres per 1,000 residents, with three (3) acres for community, neighborhood, and pocket parks and two (2) acres as regional parks. Similar to other public services, the City had established the Park Facilities Fee which requires developers to pay the “fair share” of construction and acquisition for improvements to park facilities. A Park and Recreation Impact Fee will be assessed for the proposed Project based on the Project size.

Courts
The city of Fresno contains two (2) State courts, Fresno County Superior Court and 5th District Court of Appeal, and one (1) federal court.

Library
The Fresno County Public Library System provides libraries in the city of Fresno. There are 39 libraries throughout the County of Fresno, 11 of which are located in the city of Fresno planning area.

Hospital
There are nine (9) hospitals located within the city of Fresno planning area with a total capacity of 1,603 beds as of 2020.

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4.15.2 Impact Assessment
a) Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, or the need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause si gnificant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times, or other performance objectives for any of the public services:
i. Fire protection?
Less than Significant Impact. The Project site is within the city limits and therefore would be served by FFD. There are four (4) fire stations within a three (3)-mile radius of the proposed Project, including Station 5, Station 6, Station 11, and Station 20. The Project’s proximity to existing stations would support adequate service ratios, response times, and other performance objectives for fire protection services. In addition, future development would be reviewed by the FFD for requirements related to water supply, fire hydrants, and fire apparatus access . Lastly, future development would be subject to the Fire Facilities Fee for construction and acquisition costs for improvements to fire department facilities. For these reasons, it can be determined that the Project would not result in the need for new or altered facilities and as a result, a less than significant impact would occur. ii. Police protection?
Less than Significant Impact. The Project site is within the city limits and therefore would be served by the FPD. The Project site is within the Central Policing District and the nearest police station to the proposed Project is located approximately one (1) mile south of the site. The Project’s proximity to an existing station would support adequate service ratios, response times, and other performance objectives for police protection services. In addition, the development has been reviewed by the FPD for requirements related to crime protection. Lastly, the development would be subject to the Police Facilities Fee for construction and acquisition costs for improvements to police department facilities. For these reasons, it can be determined that the Project would not result in the need for new or altered facilities and as a result, a less than significant impact would occur. iii. Schools?
Less than Significant Impact. The development and management of school sites are the responsibility of school districts and elected governing school boards. Funding for schools and school facilities impacts is outlined in Education Code Section 17620 and Government Code Section 65995 et. seq., which governs the amo unt of fees that can be levied against new development. These fees are used to construct new or expanded school facilities.

Payment of fees authorized by the statute is deemed “full and complete mitigation.” A School Impact Fee would be assessed for the proposed Project based on the Developer Fee rates in place at the time payment is due. In addition, the proposed development is affordable housing for seniors, and therefore, would not increase student population.

Thus, the Project would not result in construction of new school facilities not already accounted for. For these reasons, it can be determined that a less than significant impact would occur. iv. Parks?
Less than Significant Impact. Park and recreational facilities are typically impacted by an increase in use from proposed residential development. The proposed development includes a senior center and affordable housing units for seniors, which would not increase the demand for and use of local parks. Further, the development would be subject to the applicable FMC regulations, including the provision of on -site open space. In addition,

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 108 development would be required to pay the Park Facilities Impact Fee in order to mitigate any potential impacts to the City’s park and recreation facilities generated by the incremental population increase. For these reasons, the Project would have less than significant impact.
v. Other public facilities?
Less than Significant Impact. Development of the Project will increase the demand for other public services, such as libraries. However, the City does not have a requirement or standard for the number or size of a library based on the City's population. Therefore, a significant impact or the need for new or altered facilities to provide other public services is not anticipated and thus the project will result in a less than significant impact.

4.15.3 Mitigation Measures
None required.

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4.16 RECREATION
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Increase the use of existing
neighborhood and regional parks or
other recreational facilities such that
substantial physical deterioration of
the facility would occur or be
accelerated?
X
b) Does the project include recreational
facilities or require the construction or
expansion of recreational facilities
which might have an adverse physical
effect on the environment?
X

4.16.1 Environmental Setting
Park and Recreation Facilities are overseen by the Fresno Parks and Recreation Department, Parks, After School, Recreation, and Community Services (PARCS). The General Plan established a service standard for park acreage of five (5) acres per 1,000 residents, with three (3) acres for community, neighborhood, and pocket parks and two (2) acres as regional parks. Similar to other public services, the City had established the Park Facilities Fee which requires developers to pay the “fair share” of construction and acquisition for improvements to park facilities.

Future projects in the Project Area would be subject to the assessment of a Park Facilities Impact Fee based on the project size.

Fresno General Plan includes applicable policies regarding park facilities in its Parks, Open Space, and Schools Element as shown below:

Policy POSS-2-c Review of Development Applications. Coordinate review of all development applications (i.e., site plans, conditional use permits, and subdivision maps) in order to implement the parks and open space standards of this Plan.

Policy POSS-2-e Open Space Dedication for Residential Development. Ensure new residential developments provide adequate land for parks, open space, landscaping, and trails through the dedication of land or otherwise providing for Pocket Parks, planned trails, and other recreational space, maintained by an HOA, CFD, or other such entity.

4.16.2 Impact Assessment
a) Increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated? Less than Significant Impact. Park and recreational facilities are typically impacted by an increase in use from proposed residential development. The proposed development would not increase the demand for and use of local

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 110 parks. Further, the development would be subject to the applicable FMC regulations, including the provision of on- site open space. In addition, the development would be required to pay the Park Facilities Impact Fee in order to mitigate any potential impacts to the City’s park and recreation facilities generated by the incremental population increase. For these reasons, the Project would have less than significant impact. b) Include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities that might have an adverse physical effect on the environment?
Less than Significant Impact. The Project includes the development of a senior center and affordable housing units for seniors. Project recreational facilities, including open space, sidewalks, and the senior center and affordable housing development, would be developed in an infill area to provide recreational uses for nearby residents and housing for seniors. In addition, the Project has been reviewed and will be conditioned by the City to ensure that the proposed open space and facilities comply with the FMC. As such, the facilities will not be in an area or be built to a scale that would degrade or cause significant impacts to the environment. As a result, there would be a less than significant impact.

4.16.3 Mitigation Measures
None required.

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4.17 TRANSPORTATION
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Conflict with a program, plan,
ordinance or policy addressing the
circulation system, including transit,
roadway, bicycle and pedestrian
facilities?
X
b) Conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA
Guidelines § 15064.3, subdivision (b)? X
c) Substantially increase hazards due to
a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp
curves or dangerous intersections) or
incompatible uses (e.g., farm
equipment)?
X
d) Result in inadequate emergency
access? X

4.17.1 Environmental Setting
The following summarizes plans, policies, and regulations that apply to the City of Fresno to give an overview of the regulatory setting of the Project.

City of Fresno Active Transportation Plan
The City of Fresno Active Transportation Plan (ATP) adopted March 2017, updates and supersedes the City of Fresno 2010 Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Trails Master Plan (BMP). The ATP outlines the vision to provide human -powered travel including walking, bicycling, and wheelchair use. The plan aims to improve the accessibility and connectivity of bicycle and pedestrian network to increase the number of people to travel active transportation. The goals identified in the ATP are:
• Equitably improve the safety and perceived safety of walking and bicycling in Fresno • Increase walking and bicycling trips in Fresno by creating user-friendly facilities • Improve the geographic equity of access to walking and bicycling facilities in Fresno • Fill key gaps in Fresno’s walking and bicycling networks SB 743 and VMT Analysis
Under Senate Bill 743 (SB 743), traffic impacts are related to Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT). The VMT metric became mandatory on July 1, 2020. SB 743 requires that relevant CEQA analysis of transportation impacts be conducted using a metric known as VMT instead of Level of Service (LOS). VMT measures how much actual automobile travel (additional miles driven) a proposed Project would create on Ca lifornia roads. If the project adds excessive

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 112 automobile travel onto roads, then the project may cause a significant transportation impact. Therefore, LOS measures of impacts on traffic facilities are no longer a relevant CEQA criteria for transportation impacts.

4.17.2 Impact Assessment
a) Conflict with a program, plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities?
Less than Significant Impact. The Project would be required to comply with all project level requirements implemented by a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities . The Project is also required to submit improvement plans, including roadway improvements, for review and approval by the City Engineer to ensure improvements will be consistent with City standards. Therefore, through compliance with the programs, plans, ordinances, and policies addressing the circulation system (inclusive of transit, roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities), a less than significant impact would occur because of the Project.
b) Would the project conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines section 15064.3, subdivision (b)? Less than Significant Impact. Senate Bill (SB) 743 requires that relevant CEQA analysis of transportation impacts be conducted using a metric known as vehicle miles traveled (VMT) instead of Level of Service (LOS). VMT measures how much actual auto travel (additional miles driven) a p roposed project would create on California roads. If the project adds excessive car travel onto our roads, the project may cause a significant transportation impact.

The State CEQA Guidelines were amended to implement SB 743, by adding Section 15064.3. Among its provisions, Section 15064.3 confirms that, except with respect to transportation projects, a project’s effect on automobile delay shall not constitute a significant environmental impact. Therefore, LOS measures of impacts on traffic facilities are no longer a relevant CEQA criteria for transportation impacts.

CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3(b)(4) states that “[a] lead agency has discretion to evaluate a project’s vehicle miles traveled, including whether to express the change in absolute terms, per capita, per household or in any other measure. A lead agency may use models to estimate a project’s vehicle miles traveled and may revise those estimates to reflect professional judgment based on substantial evidence. Any assumptions used to estimate used to estimate vehicle miles traveled and any revision to model ou tputs should be documented and explained in the environmental document prepared for the project. The standard of adequacy in Section 15151 shall apply to the analysis described in this section.”
On June 25, 2020, the City of Fresno adopted CEQA Guidelines for Vehicle Miles Traveled Thresholds, dated June 25, 2020, pursuant to Senate Bill 743 to be effective of July 1, 2020. The thresholds described therein are referred to herein as the City of Fre sno VMT Thresholds. The City of Fresno VMT Thresholds document was prepared and adopted consistent with the requirements of CEQA Guidelines Sections 15064.3 and 15064.7. The December 2018 Technical Advisory on Evaluating Transportation Impacts in CEQA (Technical Advisory) published by the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR), was utilized as a reference and guidance document in the preparation of the Fresno VMT Thresholds.

The City of Fresno VMT Thresholds adopted a screening standard and criteria that can be used to screen out qualified projects that meet the adopted criteria from needing to prepare a detailed VMT analysis.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 113 The City of Fresno VMT Thresholds Section 3.0 regarding Project Screening discusses a variety of projects that may be screened out of a VMT analysis including specific development and transportation projects. For development projects, conditions may exist that would presume that a development project has a less than significant impact.

These may be size, location, proximity to transit, or trip‐making potential.

The proposed Project is eligible to screen out because the Project is within 0.50-miles of a Transit Priority Area and a High-Quality Transit Area, and does not meet any of the exceptions, as defined and outlined in the City of Fresno VMT Guidelines and SB 743.According to the City of Fresno VMT Guidelines, projects within 0.5 miles of a Transit Priority Area or A High -Quality Transit Area (i.e., a corridor with fixed bus service with service intervals no longer than 15 minutes during peak commute hours) can be presumed to create a less than significant impact, unless the project is 1) inconsistent with the Regional Transportation Plan (RTP)/SCS, has a floor area ratio (FAR) of less than

0.75, provides an excessive amount of parking, or reduces the number of affordable residential units. In particular, the Project is within 0.25 -miles from four (4) bus stops and BRT station stops located at the intersection of North Blackstone and Ashlan Avenue. This intersection is served by fixed Route 1/Q which is part of the BRT system. The Project is also consistent with the Fresno COG RTP/SCS as described in Section 4.8. As proposed, the Project would have a FAR of 1.42 which is greater than 0.75. The Project proposes 176 parking spaces, which does not exceed the required parking spaces per the FMC (i.e., 176 spaces). Lastly, the Project site does not currently provide affordable housing, but Project implementation would facilitate the development of approximately 100 affordable units. As a result, the Project can be presumed to have a less than significant transportation impact pursuant to the Project Screening identified in the City of Fresno Guidelines for VMT Thresholds . 35 In conclusion, the Project will result in a less than significant VMT impact.
c) Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)? Less than Significant Impact. The Project design does not contain any geometric design features that would create hazards. Design of the Project is conditioned to construct 12 ft. sidewalks and reconstruct existing driveway approaches to City Standards. These improvements have been conditioned by the City and ensures improvements are designed pursuant to applicable federal, state, and local design standards. Compliance with such standards would ensure that any traffic hazards are minimized. Further, the Project proposes the development of an infill site that is in an area ge nerally characterized by a mix of existing land uses including commercial and residential uses.

Therefore, the Project does not propose an incompatible use as it is consistent with the existing development in the area and is similar in nature to the surrounding uses. As a result, implementation of the Project would result in a less than significant impact related to hazards due to roadway design features or incompatible uses.

35 In accordance with SB 743, “Transit Priority Areas” are defined as “an area within one-half miles of a major transit stop that is existing or planned,” a “High-Quality Transit Area” is a corridor with fixed route bus service with service internals no longe r than 15 minutes during peak commute hours,” and a “Major Transit Stop” means “a site containing an existing rail transit station, a ferry terminal served by either a bus or rail transit service, or the intersection of two or more major bus routes with a frequency of service of 15 minutes or less during the morning and afternoon peak commute periods.”

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 114 d) Result in inadequate emergency access?
Less than Significant Impact. The Project does not involve a change to any emergency response plan. In addition, the Project has been reviewed by the City’s Engineering Department and Fire Department to impose standard conditions to ensure adequate site access including emergency access. In the case that Project construction requires lane closures, access through East Holland Avenue or East Swift Avenue would be maintained through standard traffic control and therefore, potential lane closures would not affect emergency evacuation plans. Thus, a less than significant impact would occur because of the Project.

4.17.3 Mitigation Measures
None required.

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4.18 TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES
Would the project:

Cause a substantial adverse change in the
significance of a tribal cultural resource,
defined in PRC section 21074 as either a
site, feature, place, cultural landscape that
is geographically defined in terms of the size
and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or
object with cultural value to a California
Native American tribe, and that is:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Listed or eligible for listing in the
California Register of Historical
Resources, or in a local register of
historical resources as defined in PRC
section 5020.1(k), or,
X
b) A resource determined by the lead
agency, in its discretion and
supported by substantial evidence, to
be significant pursuant to criteria set
forth in subdivision (c) of PRC section
5024.1. In applying the criteria set
forth in subdivision (c) of PRC section
5024.1, the lead agency shall consider
the significance of the resource to a
California Native American tribe.

X

4.18.1 Environmental Setting
Generally, the term ‘cultural resources’ describes property types such as prehistoric and historical archaeological sites, buildings, bridges, roadways, and tribal cultural resources. As defined by CEQA, cultural resources are considered “historical resources” that meet criteria in Section 15064.5(a) of the CEQA Guidelines. If a Lead Agency determines that a project may have a significant effect on a historical resource, then the project is determined to have a significant impact on the environment. No further environmental review is required if a cultural resource is not found to be a historical resource.

Assembly Bill 52 (AB 52) requires consultation with California Native American tribes during the CEQA process to determine potential effects of proposed projects on a tribal cultural resource. Pursuant to Public Resources Code (PRC) Section 21080.3.1, the lead agency shall begin consultation with the California Native American tribe that is traditionally and culturally affiliated with the geographical area of the proposed project. Such significant cultural resources are either sites, features, places, cultu ral landscapes, sacred places, and objects with cultural value to a tribe which is either on or eligible for inclusion in the California Historic Register or local historic register, or, the lead agency, at its discretion, and support by substantial evidence, choose to treat the resources as a Tribal Cultural Resources (PRC Section 21074(a) (1 -2)). According to the most recent census data, California is home to 109

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 116 currently recognized Indian tribes. Tribes in California currently have nearly 100 separate reservations or Rancherias.

Conducting consultation early in the CEQA process allows tribal governments, lead agencies, and project proponents to discuss the level of environmental review, identify and address potential adverse impacts to tribal cultural resources, and reduce the pot ential for delay and conflict in the environmental review process. (See PRC Section 21083.3.2.) Information may also be available from the California Native American Heritage Commission’s Sacred Lands File per PRC Section 5097.96 and the California Historical Resources Information System administered by the California Office of Historic Preservation. Please also note that PRC Section 21082.3(c) contains provisions specific to confidentiality.

Tribal Consultation
In compliance with AB 52, as part of the preparation of this Initial Study and Mitigated Negative Declaration, the City of Fresno sent tribal consultation letters by certified mail to the Table Mountain Rancheria Tribe and the Dumna Wo Wah Tribe on June 7, 2022. Tribes have up to 30 days to request consultation . No requests for consultation were requested during that time.

Record Search
The Southern San Joaquin Information Center (SSJIC) conducted a California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS) Record Search for the Project site and surrounding area (0.5-mile radius) on June 20, 2022 (Record Search File Number 22-238). The search results do not show any formally recorded prehistoric or historic archeological resources or historic buildings within the Project area. There are no cultural resources within the Project area or 0.5-mile radius listed in the National Register of Historic Places, the California Register of Historical Resources, the California Points of Historical Interest, California Inventory of Historic Resources, or the California State Historic Landmarks. The SSJIC Correspondence is provided in Appendix B.

4.18.2 Impact Assessment
Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is:
a) Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k), or Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated . As discussed in Section 4.5, the Project site does not contain any property or site features that are eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Sources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in PRC Section 5020.1(k). Nevertheless, there is some possibility that a non -visible, buried site may exist and may be uncovered during ground disturbing construction activities which would constitute a significant impact. Implementation of Mitigation Measures as described in Section 4.5 would reduce any impacts to less than significant.
b) A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1. In applying

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 117 the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe.

Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated. The Project site has not been determined by the City of Fresno to be a significant resource pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 5024.1 and to -date, no substantial information has been provided to the City to indicate otherwise. Further, the Project site, inclusive of site features, is not listed in the Californ ia Register of Historical Sources. However, there is some possibility that a non -visible, buried site may exist and may be uncovered during ground disturbing construction activities which would constitute a significant impact. Implementation of Mitigation Measures as described in Section 4.5 would reduce any impacts to less than significant.

4.18.3 Mitigation Measures
The proposed Project shall implement and incorporate, as applicable, the cultural resources related mitigation measures as identified in the attached Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program dated October 2024.

Mitigation Measure CUL -1: If previously unknown resources are encountered before or during grading activities, construction shall stop in the immediate vicinity of the find and a qualified historical resources specialist shall be consulted to determine whether the resource requires further study. The qualified historical resources specialist shall make recommendations to the City on the measures that shall be implemented to protect the discovered resources, including but not limited to excavation of the fin ds and evaluation of the finds in accordance with Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines and the City’s Historic Preservation Ordinance. If the resources are determined to be unique historical resources as defined under Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelin es, measures shall be identified by the monitor and recommended to the Lead Agency. Appropriate measures for significant resources could include avoidance or capping, incorporation of the site in green space, parks, or open space, or data recovery excavati ons of the finds.

No further grading shall occur in the area of the discovery until the Lead Agency approves the measures to protect these resources. Any historical artifacts recovered as a result of mitigation shall be provided to a City‐approved institution or person who is capable of providing long‐term preservation to allow future scientific study.

Mitigation Measure CUL-2: In the event that human remains are unearthed during excavation and grading activities of any future development project, all activity shall cease immediately. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code (HSC) Section 7050.5, no further disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has made the necessary findings as to origin and disposition pursuant to PRC Section 5097.98(a). If the remains are determined to be of Nat ive American descent, the coroner shall within 24 hours notify the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC). The NAHC shall then contact the most likely descendent of the deceased Native American, who shall then serve as the consultant on how to proceed with the remains. Pursuant to PRC Section 5097.98(b), upon the discovery of Native American remains, the landowner shall ensure that the immediate vicinity, according to generally accepted cultural or archaeological standards or practices, where the Native American human remains are located is not damaged or disturbed by further development activity until the landowner has discussed and conferred with the most likely descendants regarding their recommendations, if applicable, taking into account the possibility of multiple human remains. The landowner shall discuss and confer with the descendants all reasonable options regarding the descendants' preferences for treatment.

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4.19 UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Require or result in the relocation or
construction of new or expanded
water, wastewater treatment or storm
water drainage, electric power, natural
gas, or telecommunications facilities,
the construction or relocation of which
could cause significant environmental
effect?
X
b) Have sufficient water supplies available
to serve the project and reasonably
foreseeable future development
during normal, dry and multiple dry
years?
X
c) Result in a determination by the
wastewater treatment provider, which
serves or may serve the project that it
has adequate capacity to serve the
project’s projected demand in addition
to the provider’s existing
commitments?
X
d) Generate solid waste in excess of state
or local standards, or in excess of the
capacity of local infrastructure, or
otherwise impair the attainment of
solid waste reduction goals?
X
e) Comply with federal, state, and local
management and reduction statutes
and regulations related to solid waste?
X

4.19.1 Environmental Setting
The Project site is within city limits and thus, will be required to connect to water, sewer, stormwater, and wastewater services. Natural gas, electricity, and telecommunications are provided by private companies. Each utility system is described below.

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The City of Fresno Water Division manages and operates the City of Fresno’s water system. Fresno meets its demand for domestic water from a combination of groundwater, treated surface water, and reclaimed water sources. Groundwater is accessed from the Kings River Sub -basin of the San Joaquin Valley Groundwater Basin , while surface water from the Central Valley Project and Kings River are treated at the Northeast Surface Water Treatment Facility and Southeast Surface Water Treatment Facility. Surface water is used to replace lost groundwater through Fresno’s recharge program at the City -owned Leaky Acres, Nielsen Recharge Facility, and smaller facilities in southeast Fresno.

Wastewater
The City of Fresno Wastewater Management Division (WMD) is responsible for the collection, conveyance, treatment, and reclamation of wastewater generated in the Fresno -Clovis metropolitan area. Wastewater treatment and disposal is handled through the City -operated Fresno -Clovis Regional Wastewater Reclamation Facility (RWRF) and North Fresno Wastewater Reclamation Facility (North Facility) via a wastewater collection system that consists of gravity sewer pipes, manholes, lift stations, junction structures, and force mains.

Solid Waste
Residential solid waste in the city’s Department of Public Utilities (DPU) Solid Waste Management Division and commercial, multi-family, and industrial solid waste is collected by private contractors, Mid Valley Disposal and Allied Waste Services. The City of Fresno diverts most of its solid waste to recycling and composting programs, which conserves landfill space, increase reuse of materials, and lessen contamination from toxic materials. The City has a target of Zero Waste by 2025.

Stormwater
The Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District (FMFCD) manages stormwater runoff in Fresno. The major elements of the FMFCD’s flood control system include dams, reservoirs, and detention basins. The FMFCD is responsible for reviewing development proposals to assess drainage and flood control impacts and needs, in addition to determining applicable requirements and modifications needed in order to implement the Storm Drainage and Flood Control Master Plan.

Natural Gas and Electricity
PG&E, the natural gas and electric service provider for the area, incrementally expands and updates its service system as needed to serve its users.

Telecommunications
Accordingly, telecommunications providers in the area incrementally expand and update their service systems in response to usage and demand.

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4.19.2 Impact Assessment
a) Require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment or storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects?
Less than Significant Impact. The Project site is within city limits and thus, will be required to connect to water, stormwater, solid waste, and wastewater services. Natural gas, electricity, and telecommunications are provided by private companies. The Project site is previously developed and located within an urban neighborhood surrounded by existing uses, thus there is existing utility infrastructure including water, sewer, stormwater, natural gas, electricity, and telecommunication services to which th e Project would connect. Further, development of the Project site has been reviewed by the City and responsible agencies through the entitlement review process. The entitlement review process ensure s that the future development is developed in accordance with applicable regulations including the permitted intensity and massing development standards. Consequently, the Project would be consistent with the planned land use previously accounted for in the Fresno General Plan and subsequent utility master plans including the 2020 Urban Water Management Plan and 2015 Wastewater Collection System Master Plan. For these reasons, it can be determined that the Project would not require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded facilities and thus, can be adequately served by all required utilities and service systems. As a result, a less than significant impact would occur as a result of the Project. b) Have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years?
Less than Significant Impact. As discussed in detail in Section 4.10, the City’s long-term water resource planning is addressed in the City’s 2020 UWMP. According to the UWMP, the City’s per capita water usage is projected to continue to decline through 2045 due to more water efficiency in future construction and passive conservation pursuant to requirements of the California Plumbing Code (e.g., use of higher efficiency appliances, water efficient landscaping, etc.).

In addition, the City manages its surface water and groundwater supply by maximizing water for potable use and intentional recharge during wet and normal years and relies on groundwater during dry years. To optimize water supply reliability and resiliency, the City is currently undergoing an update of its Metro Plan which will identify projects and programs. Generally, the City’s approach is to maximize local supplies and improve the storage of the groundwater basin through recharge, recycled water usage, and conservation.

The UWMP projects normal water year, single dry water year, and five -year consecutive drought period supplies based on historic water allocations, sustainable yields, and utilization of recycled water. Based on these projections, the UWMP found that groundwater supplies remain reliable in all hydrologic conditions, attributing the stability to intentional recharge. The projections also show that the City will have greater than 100,000 AF available supply in normal years after meeting demands. In a single dry year, surface water supplies will be reduced but the City would still be able to meet all potable demands. Lastly, for five-year consecutive drought periods, the City is projected to meet all demands with its existing supplies with reduced groundwater re charge in year three (3) and four (4) to accommodate reduced surface water allocations. Based on these projections, it can be inferred that future

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 121 development, such as the proposed Project, will not negatively impact the City’s ability to provide water assuming adherence to requirements and recommendations from the City’s water resources planning efforts.

According to the UWMP, the Project site is in the Highway 41 Pressure Zone and there is an active City well located approximately 0.10 miles north of the Project site. The Project site is currently connected to existing public water mains and public fire hydrants , as shown in Figure 4-2 in Section 4.10. As previously discussed, the Project will be reviewed by the City for review required to install water service and meter boxes to connect to the existing City facilities and pay the Water Capacity Fee for installation. Collectively, these facilities will convey water to and from the Project site.

Overall, based on the information collected from the UWMP and the City of Fresno, the proposed Project would generate less water demand than the existing land use. As a result, it can be presumed that the existing and planned water distribution system should be adequate to serve the Project during normal, dry, and multiple dry years. In addition, adherence to connection requirements and recommendations pursuant to the City’s water supply planning efforts (i.e., compliance with California Plumbing Code, effi cient appliances, efficient landscaping, etc.) should not negatively impact the City’s water provision. For these reasons, a less than significant impact would occur as a result of the Project.
c) Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider, which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments?
Less than Significant Impact. The City’s long -term wastewater planning is addressed in the City’s Wastewater Collection System Master Plan (Master Plan) (2015 update). According to the Master Plan, the City manages and maintains more than 1,500 miles of gravity sewer lines up to 84 -inches in diameter, 15 active lift stations, and associated force mains. Wastewater generated in the sewer service area is conveyed to the Regional Wastewater Reclamation Facility (RWRF) or the North Fresno Wastewater Reclamation Facility (North Facility). As of 2020, the RWRF has a capacity of 91.5 mgd (millions of gallons per day) and the North Facility has a capacity of 0.17 mgd (daily average flow). Expansion of these facilities is planned for 2025 or later, based on capacity levels.

Land uses are important to determine adequate sizing and capacity for pipes and facilities, and to maintain effective sanitary sewer system facilities. According to the Master Plan, residential customers in Fresno account for approximately 63 percent of th e current flow (40.2 mgd) and industrial customers account for 17 percent (11.3 mgd). Land use assumptions for wastewater generation rates were based on the full build-out conditions under the General Plan.

The Project site is located adjacent to an existing sewer service area served by an existing 8-inch sewer main located on East Holland Avenue, as shown in Figure 4-2 in Section 4.10. And, as previously discussed, the Project has been reviewed by the City and will be conditioned to install a sewer house branch to connect to the existing sewer main and pay the Sewer Connection Charges for installation as needed . Collectively, these facilities will convey wastewater generated from the Project. As a result, it can be presumed that the existing and planned wastewater collection system should be of adequate capacity to serve the Project. For these reasons, a less than significant impact would occur as a result of the Project.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 122 d) Generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals? Less than Significant Impact.

Construction
CALGreen mandates locally permitted new building construction and demolition to recycle and/or salvage for reuse a minimum 65% of the nonhazardous construction and demolition debris generated during a project. Further, the recycling of construction and demolition materials is required for any City-issued building or demolition permit that generates at least eight (8) cubic yards of material by volume. Therefore, the Project would be required to implement techniques to reduce and recycle waste during construction activities in accordance with mandatory requirements under CALGreen as implemented through the building permit process. Compliance would be ensured through the building permit process. Therefore, through compliance, solid waste generated through construction activities is not anticipated to generate solid waste in excess of state or local standards, in excess of the capacity of the local infrastructure, or otherwise i mpair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant.

Operations
Generally, solid waste generation rate is approximately 6 lbs ./1,000 square feet per day for commercial/office/public facility uses and 7 lbs/unit/day for multi -family residential uses . Using this assumption, the Project could be expected to generate approximately 910 lbs. per day. Solid waste generated through Project operations would account for less than 0.1 percent of the daily permitted throughput capacity of the landfill. The Project would be subject to AB 341, the state’s mandatory commercial recycli ng law, and AB 827, the state’s customer access to recycling law. AB 341 requires all businesses that generate four cubic yards or more of solid waste per week and multi-family properties with five or more units to arrange for recycling services. AB 827 requires recycling and organics recycling containers at the “front -of-house” to collect waste generated. These containers are required to be placed adjacent to trash containers and be visible, easily accessible, and clearly marked.

Compliance would be ensured through the building permit process As such, through compliance, Project operations are not anticipated to generate solid waste in excess of state or local standards, in excess of the capacity of the local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals. Therefore, the Project would have a less than significant impact.
e) Comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste?
Less than Significant Impact. As described under criterion d), Project construction and operational activities that generate solid waste would be handled, transported, and disposed of in accordance with regulations related to solid waste. The Project would also be subject to AB 341, the state’s mandatory commercial recycling law, AB 827, the state’s customer access to recycling law. AB 341 requires all businesses that generate four cubic yards or more of solid waste per week and multi-family properties with five or more units to arrange for recycling services. AB 827 requires recycling and organics recycling containers at the “front -of-house” to collect waste generated. These containers are required to be placed adjacent to trash containers and be visible, e asily accessible, and clearly marked. Compliance would be ensured through the building permit process. Therefore, through compliance, the

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 123 Project would comply with laws and regulations that would ensure impacts related to solid waste are reduced to less than significant levels.

4.19.3 Mitigation Measures
None required.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 124

4.20 WILDFIRE
If located in or near state responsibility or
lands classified as very high fire hazard
severity zones, Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Substantially impair an adopted
emergency response plan or
emergency evacuation plan?
X
b) Due to slope, prevailing winds, and
other factors, exacerbate wildfire
risks, and thereby expose project
occupants to pollutant concentrations
from a wildfire or the uncontrolled
spread of a wildfire?
X
c) Require the installation or
maintenance of associated
infrastructure (such as roads, fuel
breaks, emergency water sources,
power lines or other utilities) that may
exacerbate fire risk or that may result
in temporary or ongoing impacts to
the environment?
X
d) Expose people or structures to
significant risks, including downslope
or downstream flooding or landslides,
as a result of runoff, post -fire slope
instability, or drainage changes?
X

4.20.1 Environmental Setting
In general, Fresno is categorized as having little or no threat or moderate fire hazard, which can be attributed to its impervious surface areas. The area along the San Joaquin River bluff is an exception, as it is prone to wildfires due to steep terrain and native vegetation. The Project site comprises a relati vely flat property within the city limits in an area planned for and deve loped with urban uses, including industrial, commercial, and residential uses, and is approximately eight (8) miles southeast of the San Joaquin River. In addition, the site nor the C ity of Fresno are identified by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire) as being in a “Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone” (VHFHSZ). Rather, the city , inclusive of the Project site , is in an “area of local responsibility” that is an area of low fire risk. 36

36 Cal Fire, “FHSZ Viewer.” Accessed on September 12, 2024, https://egis.fire.ca.gov/FHSZ/

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 125

4.20.2 Impact Assessment
If located in or near state responsibility areas or lands classified as very high fire hazard severity zones, would the project:
a) Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? Less than Significant Impact. The Project would not impair access to the existing roadway network. Safe and convenient vehicular and pedestrian circulation would be provided in addition to adequate access for emergency vehicles. To determine adequate vehicular and pedestrian circulation and emergency vehicle access, development of the Project has been reviewed and conditioned by the City of Fresno Police Department and Fire Department for compliance with applicable code and regulations. Review and approval by the City ensure that the Project would not substantially impair the adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan. Therefore, the Project would not substantially impair any emergency response plan, and impacts would be less than significant. b) Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, exacerbate wildfire risks, and thereby expose project occupants to pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire? No Impact. The Project site is located on a relatively flat property with minimal slope and is not in an area that is subject to strong prevailing winds or other factors that would exacerbate wildfire risks. The site is surrounded with a mix of urban uses and is not located within a wildland, which precludes the risk of wildfire . Further, the Project site is within an “area of local responsibility” and is not identified by Cal Fire to be in a VHFHSZ. For these reasons, no impact would occur as a result of this Project.
c) Require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment?
No Impact. The Project is located within city limits in an infill area with existing infrastructure. As a result of ongoing development, infrastructure such as roads and utilities will be maintained accordingly. The Project itself will not result in installation of new major infrastructure and potential improvements will be subject to review and/or conditions by the City of Fresno. Such improvements would not exacerbate fire risk or result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment and no impact wou ld occur as a result of the Project. For these reasons, no impact would occur as a result of this Project.
d) Expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes? No Impact. The Project site is located on a relatively flat property with minimal slope and is not subject to downslope, downstream flooding, or landslides. Therefore, the Project would not expose people or structures to significant risks and no impact would occur as a result of the Project.

4.20.3 Mitigation Measures
None required.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 126

4.21 MANDATORY FINDINGS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant with
Mitigation
Incorporated
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a) Does the project have the potential to
degrade the quality of the
environment, substantially reduce the
habitat of a fish or wildlife species,
cause a fish or wildlife population to
drop below self -sustaining levels,
threaten to eliminate a plant or animal
community, reduce the number or
restrict the range of a rare or
endangered plant or animal or
eliminate important examples of the
major periods of California history or
prehistory?
X
b) Does the project have impacts that
are individually limited, but
cumulatively considerable?
("Cumulatively considerable" means
that the incremental effects of a
project are considerable when viewed
in connection with the effects of past
projects, the effects of other current
projects, and the e ffects of probable
future projects)?
X
c) Does the project have environmental
effects which will cause substantial
adverse effects on human beings,
either directly or indirectly?
X

4.21.1 Impact Assessment
a) Does the project have the potential to substantially degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self-sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, substantially reduce the number or restrict the range of an endangered, rare, or threatened species, or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory?

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 127 Less than Significant with Mitigation Incorporated. The analyses of environmental issues contained in this Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated. The analyses of environmental issues contained in this Initial Study indicate that the Project would have potentially significant impacts resulting from the proposed Project.

Standard requirements that will be implemented through the entitlement process and the attached mitigation monitoring and reporting program have been incorporated in the project to reduce all potentially significant impacts to less than significant. Mitigation measures are incorporated herein to reduce all potentially significant impacts to less than significant with mitigation incorporated. Therefore, the Project would have a less than significant impact.
b) Does the project have impacts that are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? (“Cumulatively considerable” means that the incremental effects of a project are considerable when viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effec ts of other current projects, and the effects of probable future projects.)
Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated . CEQA Guidelines Section 15064(i) states that a Lead Agency shall consider whether the cumulative impact of a project is significant and whether the effects of the project are cumulatively considerable. The assessment of the significance of the cumulative effects of a project must, therefore, be conducted in connection with the effects of past projects, other current projects, and probable future projects. Due to the nature of the project and consistency with environmental policies, incremental contributions to impacts are considered less than cumulatively considerable. All project -related im pacts were determined to be less than significant. The Project would not contribute substantially to adverse cumulative conditions, or create any substantial indirect impacts (i.e., increase in population could lead to an increased need for housing, increase in traffic, air pollutants, etc.). As such, Project impacts are not considered to be cumulatively considerable given the insignificance of project-induced impacts. The impact is therefore less than significant. c) Does the project have environmental effects that will cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly?
Less than Significant Impact with Mitigation Incorporated. The analyses of environmental issues contained in this Initial Study indicate that the project is not expected to have substantial impact on human beings, either directly or indirectly. Standard requirements and conditions have been incorporated in the pro ject to reduce all potentially significant impacts to less than significant. Therefore, the Project would have a less than significant impact.

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 128 5 MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING PROGRAM

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 129 Mitigation Measure Monitoring Checklist for Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project OCTOBER 2024
This mitigation monitoring and reporting checklist was prepared pursuant to California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guide lines Section 15097 and Section 21081.6 of the Public Resources Code (PRC). The timing of implementing each mitigation measure is identified in in the checklist, as well as identifies the entity responsible for verifying that the mitigation measures applied to a project are performed. Project applicants are responsible for providing evidence that mitigation measures are implemented. As lead agency, the City of Fresno is responsible for verifying that mitigation is performed/completed.

Mitigation Measures Timing of Verification Compliance Verified By Verification of
Completion
Date Initials
Cultural Resources
CUL-1: If previously unknown resources are encountered before or during grading activities, construction shall stop in the immediate vicinity of the find and a qualified historical resources specialist shall be consulted to determine whether the resource requires further study.

The qualified historical resources specialist shall make recommendations to the City on the measures that shall be implemented to protect the discovered resources, including but not limited to excavation of the finds and evaluation of the finds in accordance with Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines and the City’s Historic Preservation Ordinance. If the resources are determined to be unique historical resources as defined under Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines, measures shall be identified by the monitor and recommended to the Lead Agency. Appropriate measures for significant resources could include avoidance or capping, incorporation of the site in green space, parks, or open space, or data recovery excavations of the finds.

No further grading shall occur in the area of the discovery until the Lead Agency approves the measures to protect these resources. Any historical artifacts recovered as a result of mitigation shall be provided Planning and
Development
Department to review
contract specifications
to ensure inclusion of
provisions included in
project-specific
mitigation measure.

Following discovery of
previously unknown
resource, a qualified
historical resources
specialist shall prepare
recommendations and
submit to the Planning
and Development
Department. Timing
for recommendations
shall be established by
project-specific
mitigation measure.

Planning and
Development
Department

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 130 to a City‐approved institution or person who is capable of providing long‐term preservation to allow future scientific study.

Verification comments:

CUL-2: In the event that human remains are unearthed during excavation and grading activities of any future development project, all activity shall cease immediately. Pursuant to Health and Safety Code (HSC) Section 7050.5, no further disturbance shall occur unti l the County Coroner has made the necessary findings as to origin and disposition pursuant to PRC Section 5097.98(a). If the remains are determined to be of Native American descent, the coroner shall within 24 hours notify the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC). The NAHC shall then contact the most likely descendent of the deceased Native American, who shall then serve as the consultant on how to proceed with the remains. Pursuant to PRC Section 5097.98(b), upon the discovery of Native Americ an remains, the landowner shall ensure that the immediate vicinity, according to generally accepted cultural or archaeological standards or practices, where the Native American human remains are located is not damaged or disturbed by further development ac tivity until the landowner has discussed and conferred with the most likely descendants regarding their recommendations, if applicable, taking into account the possibility of multiple human remains. The landowner shall discuss and confer with the descendants all reasonable options regarding the descendants' preferences for treatment.

Verification comments:

Planning and
Development
Department to review
construction
specifications to
ensure inclusion of
provisions included in
mitigation measure.

Planning and
Development
Department

Geology and Soils
GEO-1: If any paleontological resources are encountered during ground- disturbance activities, all work within 25 feet of the find shall halt until a qualified paleontologist as defined by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Standard Procedures for the Assessm ent and Mitigation of Adverse Impacts to Paleontological Resources (2010), can evaluate the find and make recommendations regarding treatment. Paleontological resource materials may include resources such as fossils, plant During ground-
disturbance activities
Planning and
Development
Department

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 131 impressions, or animal tracks preserved in rock. The qualified paleontologist shall contact the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County or another appropriate facility regarding any discoveries of paleontological resources.

If the qualified paleontologist determines that the discovery represents a potentially significant paleontological resource, additional investigations, and fossil recovery may be required to mitigate adverse impacts from Project implementation. If avoidance is not feasible, the paleontological resources shall be evaluated for their significance. If the resources are not significant, avoidance is not necessary. If the resources are significant, they shall be avoided to ensure no adverse effects or such effects must be mitigated. Construction in that area shal l not resume until the resource-appropriate measures are recommended or the materials are determined to be less than significant. If the resource is significant and fossil recovery is the identified form of treatment, then the fossil shall be deposited in an accredited and permanent scientific institution. Copies of all correspondence and reports shall be submitted to the City of Fresno, Planning and Development Department.

Verification comments:

Noise
NOI-1: Prior to awarding a contract for construction, the City of Fresno Capitol Projects Department shall verify that the Contractors’ scopes of work and agreements for the Project include equipment noise reduction measures for the construction equipment utilize d for the Project, including dozers, generators, graders, pneumatic tools, pumps, and scrapers that generate more than 80 Leq dBA as measured at the property line of the neighboring single-family residences to the west of the Project site. The following measures shall be implemented to reduce noise levels by 15 to 25 dBA.

Prior to awarding a
contract for
construction, the
Capitol Projects
Department shall
ensure that
Contractor’s scopes of
work and agreements
for the Project include
the specified
equipment noise
reduction measures
Capitol Projects
Department

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 132 • Place stationary noise generators at least 50 ft. or more from the property line of the adjacent sensitive receptors to the west of the Project site.
• Ensure pneumatic impact tools and equipment used will have intake and exhaust mufflers recommended by the
manufacturers thereof, to meet relevant noise
limitations.
• Equip dozers, generators, graders, pneumatic tools,
pumps, and scrapers with noise control devices such as
mufflers, lagging, and/or motor enclosures.
• Schedule construction activities so as to avoid operating all pieces of noise-generating equipment simultaneously within 50 ft. or less from the property line of the adjacent sensitive receptors to the west of the Project site.

Verification comments:

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 133 6 REPORT PREPARATION
Names of Persons Who Prepared or Participated in the Initial Study:

Lead Agency & Applicant
Lead Agency
Mike Mooneyham, P.E.

Licensed Professional Engineer
(559) 621-8623
Applicant
City of Fresno
Parks, After School, Recreation,
and Community Services
1515 E. Divisadero Street
Fresno, CA 93721
Initial Study Consultant
Initial Study Precision Civil Engineering, Inc.
1234 O Street
Fresno, CA 93721
(559) 449-4500
Bonique Emerson, AICP, VP of
Planning
Jenna Chilingerian, AICP, Senior
Planner
Shin Tu, AICP, Senior Associate
Planner

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CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 134 7 APPENDICIES

7.1 Appendix A: CalEEMod Output Files (Annual)
Prepared by Precision Civil Engineering, Inc., dated October 8, 2024.

Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Custom Report, 10/7/2024 1 / 6
Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Custom Report Table of Contents

1. Basic Project Information

1.1. Basic Project Information

1.2. Land Use Types

2. Emissions Summary

2.2. Construction Emissions by Y ear, Unmitigated

2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated

5. Activity Data

5.11. Operational Energy Consumption

5.11.1. Unmitigated

5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption

5.12.1. Unmitigated

5.13. Operational Waste Generation

5.13.1. Unmitigated
Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Custom Report, 10/7/2024 2 / 6

1. Basic Project Information

1.1. Basic Project Information
Data Field Value
Project Name Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Construction Start Date 12/2/2024
Operational Y ear 2026
Lead Agency —
Land Use Scale Project/site
Analysis Level for Defaults County
Windspeed (m/s) 2.70
Precipitation (days) 22.6
Location 36.79690204706533, -119.79154938920078
County Fresno
City Fresno
Air District San Joaquin Valley APCD
Air Basin San Joaquin Valley
TAZ 2453
EDFZ 5
Electric Utility Pacific Gas & Electric Company
Gas Utility Pacific Gas & Electric
App Version 2022.1.1.28

1.2. Land Use Types
Land Use Subtype Size Unit Lot Acreage Building Area (sq ft) Landscape Area (sq ft)
Special Landscape
Area (sq ft)
Population Description
Health Club 35.0 1000sqft 0.80 35,000 100,000 — — —
Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Custom Report, 10/7/2024 3 / 6
Apartments Low
Rise
100 Dwelling Unit 6.25 106,000 0.00 — 320 —

2. Emissions Summary

2.2. Construction Emissions by Y ear, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Y ear TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily -
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2025 1.76 1.51 11.0 16.4 0.02 0.43 0.53 0.96 0.40 0.13 0.53 — 3,139 3,139 0.12 0.07 2.53 3,167 Daily -
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2024 4.41 3.72 36.0 33.5 0.05 1.60 19.8 21.4 1.47 10.1 11.6 — 5,392 5,392 0.22 0.05 0.01 5,412 2025 4.01 3.38 31.7 30.7 0.05 1.37 19.8 21.1 1.26 10.1 11.4 — 5,390 5,390 0.22 0.07 0.07 5,409 2026 41.5 41.5 10.4 15.5 0.02 0.38 0.53 0.91 0.35 0.13 0.48 — 3,067 3,067 0.12 0.07 0.06 3,092 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2024 0.18 0.15 1.44 1.28 < 0.005 0.06 0.04 0.10 0.06 0.02 0.08 — 203 203 0.01 < 0.005 0.01 204 2025 1.31 1.12 8.71 11.8 0.02 0.35 1.26 1.61 0.32 0.54 0.87 — 2,266 2,266 0.09 0.05 0.70 2,284 2026 2.33 2.32 0.46 0.69 < 0.005 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 < 0.005 0.02 — 106 106 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 106 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2024 0.03 0.03 0.26 0.23 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 < 0.005 0.01 — 33.6 33.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 33.7 2025 0.24 0.20 1.59 2.16 < 0.005 0.06 0.23 0.29 0.06 0.10 0.16 — 375 375 0.01 0.01 0.12 378 2026 0.43 0.42 0.08 0.13 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 17.5 17.5 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 17.6

2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Custom Report, 10/7/2024 4 / 6
Sector TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 6.51 6.16 4.60 38.3 0.09 0.07 6.91 6.98 0.06 1.75 1.82 — 8,719 8,719 0.40 0.45 29.5 8,891 Area 9.17 6.53 1.27 30.1 0.08 3.29 — 3.29 3.17 — 3.17 543 1,074 1,618 2.56 < 0.005 — 1,682 Energy 0.12 0.06 1.08 0.62 0.01 0.09 — 0.09 0.09 — 0.09 — 1,852 1,852 0.20 0.01 — 1,861 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 11.7 15.3 27.0 1.20 0.03 — 65.6 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 147 0.00 147 14.7 0.00 — 516 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.93 0.93
Total 15.8 12.7 6.95 69.0 0.17 3.45 6.91 10.4 3.32 1.75 5.07 703 11,661 12,363 19.1 0.49 30.4 13,017 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 5.81 5.42 5.25 34.4 0.08 0.07 6.91 6.98 0.06 1.75 1.82 — 8,003 8,003 0.48 0.48 0.76 8,158 Area 8.37 5.78 1.20 22.9 0.08 3.29 — 3.29 3.17 — 3.17 543 1,053 1,596 2.56 < 0.005 — 1,661 Energy 0.12 0.06 1.08 0.62 0.01 0.09 — 0.09 0.09 — 0.09 — 1,852 1,852 0.20 0.01 — 1,861 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 11.7 15.3 27.0 1.20 0.03 — 65.6 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 147 0.00 147 14.7 0.00 — 516 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.93 0.93
Total 14.3 11.3 7.53 58.0 0.16 3.44 6.91 10.3 3.32 1.75 5.07 703 10,923 11,626 19.2 0.52 1.69 12,262 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 5.03 4.71 4.21 28.9 0.07 0.06 5.81 5.87 0.05 1.47 1.53 — 6,999 6,999 0.37 0.39 10.9 7,137 Area 4.79 4.18 0.30 8.70 0.02 0.74 — 0.74 0.71 — 0.71 122 247 369 0.58 < 0.005 — 384 Energy 0.12 0.06 1.08 0.62 0.01 0.09 — 0.09 0.09 — 0.09 — 1,852 1,852 0.20 0.01 — 1,861 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 11.7 15.3 27.0 1.20 0.03 — 65.6 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 147 0.00 147 14.7 0.00 — 516 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.93 0.93
Total 9.94 8.96 5.60 38.2 0.09 0.88 5.81 6.69 0.85 1.47 2.33 281 9,114 9,395 17.1 0.44 11.8 9,964 Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Custom Report, 10/7/2024 5 / 6
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 0.92 0.86 0.77 5.27 0.01 0.01 1.06 1.07 0.01 0.27 0.28 — 1,159 1,159 0.06 0.07 1.80 1,182 Area 0.87 0.76 0.06 1.59 < 0.005 0.14 — 0.14 0.13 — 0.13 20.2 40.9 61.1 0.10 < 0.005 — 63.5 Energy 0.02 0.01 0.20 0.11 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 307 307 0.03 < 0.005 — 308 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 1.94 2.53 4.47 0.20 < 0.005 — 10.9 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 24.4 0.00 24.4 2.44 0.00 — 85.4 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.15 0.15
Total 1.81 1.63 1.02 6.97 0.02 0.16 1.06 1.22 0.16 0.27 0.42 46.5 1,509 1,555 2.83 0.07 1.95 1,650

5. Activity Data

5.11. Operational Energy Consumption

5.11.1. Unmitigated
Electricity (kWh/yr) and CO2 and CH4 and N2O and Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Land Use Electricity (kWh/yr) CO2 CH4 N2O Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Health Club 415,245 204 0.0330 0.0040 1,434,031
Apartments Low Rise 491,490 204 0.0330 0.0040 2,764,948

5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption

5.12.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Indoor Water (gal/year) Outdoor Water (gal/year) Health Club 2,070,010 1,372,721
Apartments Low Rise 4,029,600 0.00

5.13. Operational Waste Generation
Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Custom Report, 10/7/2024 6 / 6

5.13.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Waste (ton/year) Cogeneration (kWh/year)
Health Club 199 —
Apartments Low Rise 73.9 —

INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION
October 2024
CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 135

7.2 Appendix B: CHRIS Record Search Results
Prepared by Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center dated June 20, 2022.

To: Shin Tu Record Search 22-238
Precision Civil Engineering, Inc.
1234 O Street
Fresno, CA 93721

Date: June 20, 2022

Re: Propesed Acquisition for Senior Center and Housing Project

County: Fresno

Map(s): Fresno North 7.5’

CULTURAL RESOURCES RECORDS SEARCH

The California Office of Historic Preservation (OHP) contracts with the California Historical R esources Information System’s (CHRIS) regional Information Centers (ICs) to maintain information in the CHRIS inventory and make it available to local, state, and federal agencies, cultural resource professionals, Native American tribes, res earchers, and t he public. Re commendations mad e b y IC coordin ators or their staff regarding the interpretation and application of this information are advisory only. Such recommendations do not necessarily represent the eval uation or opinion of the State Hi storic Preserva tion Officer in carrying out t he OHP’s regulatory authority under federal and state law.

The following are the results of a search of the cultural resource files at the Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center. These files include kno wn and recorded cultural resources sites, inventory and excavation reports filed with this office, a nd resources listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the OHP Built Environment Resources Directory, California State His torical L andmarks, Calif ornia Register of Historical Resources, Calif ornia Inventory of Historic Resources, and California Points of Historical Interest. Due to processing delays and other factors, not all of the historical resource reports and resource records that have been sub mitted to the OHP are availa ble via this rec ords search. A dditional information may be available through the federal, state, and local agencies that produced or paid for historical resource management work in the search area.

PRIOR CULTURAL RESOURCE STUDIES CONDUCTED WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA AND THE ONE-HALF MILE RADIUS

According to the information in our files, there have been no previous cultural resource studies conducted within the project area. There have been four additional cultural resource studies conducted within the one-half mile radius: FR-01767, 01823, 01966, & 02587.

Record Search 22-238

KNOWN/RECORDED CULTURAL RESOURCES WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA AND THE ONE-HALF MILE RADIUS

According to the information in our files, there are no recorded resources within the project area. There are no recorded resources within the one-half mile radius.

There are no recorded cultural resources within the project area or radius that are listed in the National Register o f Hi storic Places , the California Register of H istorical Resources, t he Cali fornia Points o f Historical Interest, California Inventory of Historic Resources, or the California State Historic Landmarks.

COMMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

We understand the City of Fresno proposes the acquisition of the project site in order to develop a senior center and housing project. We understand the acquisition consists of two previously developed parcels containing a 40,564 -square foot grocery store , paved parking lot, and an existing strip mall. Further, we understand the acquisition would facilitate the demolition of the gro cery store to develop a senior center, and 70 units of affordable housing units for seniors. Therefore, if this project will result in alternation or demolition of any existing structures more than 45 years old, then we recommend the structures first be recorded and evaluated for historical significance. If the project will result in any ground disturbance activities on any undeveloped land, we recommend a qualified, professional consultant first conduct a field survey to determine if any cultural resources are present. If ground disturbance will not take place on any vacant land and no structures more than 45 years old will be impacted, then no further cultural resource investigation is recommended at this time. However, if any cultural resources are unearthed during any ground disturbance activities, all work must halt in the area of the find and a qualified, professional consultant should be called out to assess the findings and make the appropriate mitigation recommendations. A list of qualified consultants can be found at www.chrisinfo.org.

We al
so recommend that you contact the Native American Heritage Commission in Sacramento. They will p rovide you wi th a current li st of N ative American in dividuals/organizations that can assist yo u wi th information regarding cultural resources that may not be included in the CHRIS Inventory and that may be of concern to the Native groups in the area. The C ommission can consult their "Sacred Lands Inventory" file to determine what sacred resources, if any , exist within this project area and the way in which these resources might b
e managed. Finally, ple ase consult wi th t he lead agency on this projec t t o deter mine if any other cultural resource inv estigation is r equired. If you need any add itional informat ion or have any questi ons or concerns, please contact our office at (661) 654-2289.

By:

Je
remy E. David, Assistant Coordinator Date: June 20, 2022

Please note that invoices for Information Center services will be sent under separate cover from the California State University, Bakersfield Accounting Office.

INITIAL STUDY / MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION
October 2024
CITY OF FRESNO – Fresno Senior Center and Affordable Housing Project | 136

7.3 Appendix C: Phase I ESA and Pre-Demolition Asbestos Survey and Lead-Based Paint Inspection Report Phase I ESA prepared by Krazan & Associates, Inc. dated July 16, 2024. Pre-Demolition Asbestos Survey and Lead - Based Paint Inspection by T. Brooks and Associates dated September 22, 2022. Asbestos Survey and Lead -Based Paint Survey by Krazan & Associates dated October 2, 2024.

& A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING  ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

CONSTRUCTION TESTING & INSPECTION
215 West Dakota Avenue  Clovis, California 93612  (559) 348-2200  FAX (559) 348-2190 With Offices Serving the Western United States
014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx July 16, 2024 Project No. 014-23100
Mr. Jake Lingo
Integrated Community Development
20750 Ventura Boulevard, Suite 155
Woodland Hills, California 91364
[email protected]
RE: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment
Fresno Senior Center and Apartments
4323, 4333, and 4343 North Blackstone Avenue
APNs 426-253-17 and -19 (5.46 acres)
Fresno, California 93726
Dear Mr. Lingo:

Krazan & Associates, Inc. (Krazan) has completed a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) at the above-referenced site summarized in a report dated July 16, 2024. Please note that the earliest date of source review was on June 24, 2024. This report is considered viable within 180 days of that date. We appreciate the opportunity to serve your environmental due diligence needs.

During the course of this assessment, Krazan identified no evidence of recognized environmental conditions (RECs), controlled RECs (CRECs) or historical RECs (HRECs) in connection with the subject site as defined by ASTM E 1527-21; however, ASTM Non-Scope Considerations were identified.

ASTM Non-Scope Considerations
 The buildings on the subject site were constructed in the mid-1970s. It is unknown whether the buildings contain asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) or lead-based paint (LBP). An asbestos and/or LBP survey and sampling of the on-site buildings was not included within the scope of this assessment. Prior to the disturbance of any suspect ACMs or LBP at the subject site via renovation or demolition, a comprehensive asbestos and LBP survey is recommended.

If you have any questions regarding the information presented in this report, please call me at (559) 348- 2200.

Respectfully submitted,
KRAZAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.

Remington R. Alexander, PE
Environmental Regional Manager
RRA/mlt

PHASE I ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT

FRESNO SENIOR CENTER AND APARTMENTS
4323, 4333, and 4343 North Blackstone Avenue
APNs 426-253-17 and -19 (5.46 acres)
Fresno, California 93726
Project No. 014-23100
July 16, 2024
Prepared for:

Mr. Jake Lingo
Integrated Community Development
20750 Ventura Boulevard, Suite 155
Woodland Hills, California 91364
Prepared by:

Krazan & Associates, Inc.
215 West Dakota Avenue
Clovis, California 93612
(559) 348-2200

TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................................... i

1.0 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 1

2.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF ASSESSMENT ............................................................................ 2

2.1 Purpose ..................................................................................................................................... 2

2.2 Scope of Work........................................................................................................................... 2

3.0 SUBJECT SITE SETTING ........................................................................................................ 3

3.1 Geology and Hydrogeology ....................................................................................................... 3

4.0 SITE BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................... 5

4.1 Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps..................................................................................................... 5

4.2 USGS Topographic Quadrangle Maps ....................................................................................... 5

4.3 City Cross Reference Directories ............................................................................................... 6

4.4 Aerial Photograph Interpretation ................................................................................................ 9

4.5 Municipal Records .................................................................................................................. 10

4.6 Previous Environmental Assessments ...................................................................................... 12

4.7 Agricultural Chemicals ............................................................................................................ 14

5.0 USER-PROVIDED INFORMATION ...................................................................................... 15

5.1 Environmental Liens/Activity and Use Limitations Report ....................................................... 15

5.2 Title Report ............................................................................................................................. 15

5.3 Interviews................................................................................................................................ 15

5.4 Phase I Environmental Site Assessment User Questionnaire .................................................... 16

6.0 SITE RECONNAISSANCE ...................................................................................................... 18

6.1 Observations ........................................................................................................................... 18

6.2 Adjacent Streets and Property Usage ....................................................................................... 21

6.3 ASTM Non-Scope Considerations ........................................................................................... 22

6.4 Regulatory Agency Records Review ........................................................................................ 23

7.0 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS .................................................................................................. 32

7.1 Evaluation of Data Gaps/Data Failure ...................................................................................... 33

8.0 CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................................... 34

9.0 RELIANCE ............................................................................................................................... 35

10.0 LIMITATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 35

11.0 QUALIFICATIONS .............................................................................................................. 36 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................... 38 GLOSSARY OF TERMS .................................................................................................................... 39 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

FIGURES
Figure No. 1: Vicinity Map
Figure No. 2: Parcel Map
Figure No. 3: Site Map

PHOTOGRAPHS

APPENDICES
Appendix A EDR – Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps
EDR – USGS Topographic Quadrangle Maps
EDR – City Cross Reference Directories
EDR – Aerial Photographs
Appendix B Environmental Lien/Activity Use Limitations Report Phase I ESA Questionnaires
Appendix C EDR – Radius Map Report
Regulatory Agency Records Documentation
i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Krazan & Associates, Inc. (Krazan) has conducted a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) of the property along the west side of North Blackstone Avenue and south of the intersection with East Holland Avenue, Fresno, California 93726 identified as Fresno County Assessor’s Parcel numbers (APN) 426-253- 17 and -19. The subject site is currently addressed 4323 - 4333 North Blackstone Avenue and historically addressed 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue and is a total of 5.46 acres in area.

The subject site was utilized for agricultural purposes from at least the mid-1930s through the late-1950s until the construction of the Continental grocery store building and Uncle John’s Pancake House in 1962.

The Continental Auto Repair building, with gas pumps operated by Texaco, Inc., was located in the southwestern portion of the subject site from the early-1960s through the mid-1970s. During the mid- 1970s, the auto repair building and restaurant building were demolished and existing multi-tenant buildings were constructed.

The southern portion of the subject site remains developed with the multi-tenant buildings. The northern portion is vacant and as the grocery store and associated parking lot were demolished in early 2024. The property is planned for redevelopment by the City of Fresno into the Fresno Senior Center and Apartments, a community development for senior citizens.

The subject site was not identified on any Federal, State or local regulatory database indicating that a release of hazardous materials has impacted the subject site.

Krazan identified no evidence of recognized environmental conditions (RECs), controlled RECs (CRECs) or historical RECs (HRECs) in connection with the subject site as defined by ASTM E 1527-21; however, ASTM Non-Scope Considerations were identified.

ASTM Non-Scope Considerations
 The buildings on the subject site were constructed in the mid-1970s. It is unknown whether the buildings contain asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) or lead-based paint (LBP). An asbestos and/or LBP survey and sampling of the on-site buildings was not included within the scope of this assessment. Prior to the disturbance of any suspect ACMs or LBP at the subject site via renovation or demolition, a comprehensive asbestos and LBP survey is recommended.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments Project No. 014-23100 Fresno, California Page No. 1
KRAZAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.

With Offices Serving the Western United States
014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The subject site is located along the west side of North Blackstone Avenue and south of the intersection with East Holland Avenue, Fresno, California 93726. The subject site is identified as Fresno County Assessor’s Parcel numbers (APN) 426-253-17 and -19 and is a total of 5.46 acres in area. The northern portion of the subject site, formerly addressed 4343 North Blackstone Avenue, was developed with a grocery store that was demolished in early 2024. The southern portion of the subject site is developed with two adjoining multi-tenant buildings addressed 4323 through 4333 North Blackstone Avenue. The multi- tenant buildings are also planned for demolition. The property is planned for redevelopment by the City of Fresno into the Fresno Senior Center and Apartments, a community development for senior citizens.

Krazan conducted the Phase I ESA of the subject site in conformance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E 1527-21 Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process. This Phase I ESA constitutes all appropriate inquiry (AAI) designed to identify recognized environmental conditions (RECs) in connection with the previous ownership and uses of the subject site as defined by ASTM E 1527-21.

ASTM E 1527-21 Section 1.1.1 Recognized Environmental Conditions – In defining a standard of good commercial and customary practice for conducting an environmental site assessment of a parcel of property, the goal of the processes established by this practice is to identify recognized environmental conditions.

The term recognized environmental conditions means the presence or likely presence of any hazardous substances or petroleum products in, on, or at a property: 1) due to any release to the environment; 2) under conditions indicative of a release to the environment; or 3) under conditions that pose a material threat of a future release to the environment. De minimis conditions are not recognized environmental conditions.

It is incumbent upon the user to read this Phase I ESA report in its entirety. If not otherwise defined within the text of this report, please refer to the Glossary of Terms Section following the References Section for definitions of terms and acronyms utilized within this Phase I ESA report.

Previous Environmental Assessments
Krazan conducted several previous environmental assessments of the subject site on behalf of the City of Fresno. On July 11, 2024, Mr. Phillip Skei, Assistant Director with the City of Fresno Planning & Development Department gave Krazan permission to utilize information in the previous environmental reports in order to provide an historical summary of the subject site. See Section 4.6 – Previous Environmental Assessments for details.

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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx

2.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF ASSESSMENT

2.1 Purpose
According to ASTM E 1527-21, the purpose of this practice is to define good commercial and customary practice in the United States of America for conducting an environmental site assessment of a parcel of commercial real estate with respect to the range of contaminants within the scope of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) (42 U.S.C. §9601) and petroleum products. As such, this practice is intended to permit a user to satisfy one of the requirements to qualify for the innocent landowner, contiguous property owner, or bona fide prospective purchaser limitation on CERCLA liability (hereinafter, the landowner liability protections, or LLPs): that is, the practice that constitutes all appropriate inquiries into the previous ownership and uses of the property consistent with good commercial and customary practice as defined at 42 U.S.C. §9601(35)(B).

2.2 Scope of Work
The scope of work for this Phase I ESA conforms to ASTM E 1527-21. The Phase I ESA includes the following scope of work: a) a site reconnaissance of existing on-site conditions and observations of adjacent property uses, b) a review of user-provided documents and search of available current land title records compiled by AFX Corp., Inc., c) a review of historical aerial photographs, a review of pertinent building permit records, cross-reference directories, historical Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps (SFIMs), and interview(s) with person(s) knowledgeable of the previous and current ownership and uses of the subject site, d) a review of local regulatory agency records, and e) a review of local, state, and federal regulatory agency lists compiled by Environmental Data Resources, Inc. (EDR).

Krazan was provided written authorization to conduct the Phase I ESA by Mr. Jake Lingo with Integrated Community Development on August 18, 2023 in response to Krazan’s August 4, 2023 Proposal No. P23- 331. On August 29, 2023, Mr. Lingo requested that Krazan put the project on hold and re-initiated the project on June 18, 2024. Source review initiated in August 2023 was updated as necessary in this report.

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KRAZAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.

With Offices Serving the Western United States
014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx

3.0 SUBJECT SITE SETTING
The subject site is located along the west side of North Blackstone Avenue and south of the intersection with East Holland Avenue. The southern portion of the subject site is developed with two adjoining multi- tenant retail buildings addressed 4323 through 4333 North Blackstone Avenue. The northern portion of the subject site, formerly addressed 4343 North Blackstone Avenue, is vacant and was developed with a grocery store that was demolished in early 2024. Commercial and retail businesses are located to the north, east and south of the subject site, and single-family residences are located to the west of the subject site. General property information and property use are summarized in the following table. Refer to Figures No. 1 – 3 for subject site details.

Subject Site Information Summary
Current Owner: City of Fresno
Assessor’s Parcel Number: 426-253-17 and 426-253-19
Address: 4323 - 4333 N. Blackstone Avenue
Historical Address: 4343 North Blackstone Avenue
1553 E. Swift Avenue
General Location: West side of North Blackstone Avenue and south of East Holland Avenue
Acreage: 5.46 acres
Existing Use: Commercial
Number of Buildings: 2 (Adjoining)
Original Construction Date: Early 1960s
Proposed Use: Senior Center and Affordable Senior Housing Electricity: Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)
Natural Gas: Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)
Potable Water: City of Fresno Municipal System
Sanitary Sewer: City of Fresno Municipal System
Latitude / Longitude: 36.7970410, -119.7914860º
Topographic Map: U.S. Geological Survey, 7.5-minute Fresno North, California topographic quadrangle map
Topographic Map Location: Southeast quarter of Section 16, Township 13 South, Range 20 East, Mount Diablo Baseline and Meridian
Topography: Approximately 313 feet above mean sea level Approximate Depth to Groundwater: 130 feet below ground surface (bgs), State of California Department of Water Resources (DWR)*
Regional Groundwater Flow Direction: North/Northwest, DWR* Note: * State of California, Department of Water Resources, Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) Data Viewer, Spring 2023

3.1 Geology and Hydrogeology
The subject site is located within the San Joaquin Valley, a broad structural trough bound by the Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges of California. The San Joaquin Valley, which comprises the southern portion of the Great Valley of California, has been filled with several thousand feet of sedimentary deposits.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments Project No. 014-23100 Fresno, California Page No. 4
KRAZAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.

With Offices Serving the Western United States
014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx Sediments in the eastern valley, derived from the erosion of the Sierra Nevada, have been deposited by major to minor west-flowing drainages and their tributaries. Near-surface sediments are dominated by sands and silty sands with lesser silts, minor clays, and gravel. The sedimentary deposits in the region form large coalescing alluvial fans with gentle slopes. Groundwater in the subject site vicinity was reported to be first encountered at a depth of approximately 130 feet bgs in Spring 2023. The groundwater flow direction in the area of the subject site was reported to be toward the north-northwest.

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KRAZAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.

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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx

4.0 SITE BACKGROUND
A review of historical Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps (SFIMs), historic USGS topographic maps, reasonably ascertainable city cross-reference directories, historical aerial photographs, local agency records and previous environmental reports, as made available to Krazan, were utilized to assess the history of the subject site.

4.1 Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps
Krazan reviews Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps (SFIMs) to evaluate prior land use of the subject site and the adjacent properties. SFIMs typically exist for cities with populations of 2,000 or more, the coverage dependent on the location of the subject site within the city limits. Krazan contracted with Environmental Data Resources, Inc. (EDR) to provide copies of available SFIMs for the subject site and the adjacent properties as far back as 1867. EDR’s search of Sanborn Insurance maps for revealed no coverage for the subject site and the adjacent properties. Refer to Appendix A – EDR - Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps for details.

4.2 USGS Topographic Quadrangle Map
Krazan reviewed the 1921 and 1923 USGS, 7.5-minute, Bullard, California topographic quadrangle map and the 1946, 1947, 1965, 1972, 1981, 2012, 2015 and 2018 USGS, 7.5-minute, Fresno North, California topographic quadrangle maps. The subject site was undeveloped or agriculture from at least the 1920s until the 1960s. The subject site has been noted within the Blackstone Avenue commercial corridor since the 1960s. Subject site and vicinity property usage is summarized in the following table. Refer to Appendix A – EDR - USGS Topographic Quadrangle Maps for details.

Topographic Maps Summary
Year Site Usage Adjacent Property Usage
1921, 1923 The subject site is depicted as
undeveloped.

A natural depression is depicted to the north-
northwest of the subject site. Adjacent
properties are depicted as undeveloped to the
north, south and west. Two rural residences
are depicted on the eastern side of
Blackstone Avenue.
1946, 1947 The subject site is depicted as
agricultural. Wolters Colony Ditch,
from the northeast, extends to the eastern
property boundary and (based on aerial
photographs) trends east-west through
the southern portion of the subject site.

Adjacent properties and the vicinity are
depicted as agriculture and rural residences.

The natural depression to the north-northwest
remains depicted.

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With Offices Serving the Western United States
014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx Topographic Maps Summary (continued)
Year Site Usage Adjacent Property Usage
1965, 1972 The subject site is depicted within an
urban commercial and residential area;
therefore, individual structures and/or
developments are not depicted on all
properties. Wolters Colony Ditch
appears to have been re-aligned to the
east and south of the subject site (along
Effie Avenue and Ashlan Avenue).

Vicinity properties are depicted within an
urban commercial and residential area;
therefore, individual structures and/or
developments are not depicted on all
properties. The natural depression to the
north-northwest appears to have been
converted to the existing stormwater basin.

A symbol depicting a sand, gravel, clay or
borrow pit was noted at the basin on the
1972 map.
1981 Select structures along the Blackstone
Avenue commercial corridor are
depicted. Three structures are depicted
on the subject site.

Adjacent and vicinity properties to the north,
east, and south are depicted within an urban
commercial area with residential
developments to the west. The stormwater
basin to the north-northwest is depicted.
2012, 2015
and 2018
The subject site is depicted within an
urban commercial and residential area;
therefore, specific structures or
developments are not depicted.

Vicinity properties are depicted within an
urban commercial and residential area;
therefore, specific structures or developments
are not depicted on all properties.

4.3 City Cross-Reference Directories
Krazan contracted with EDR to provide a review of available cross-reference directories for the subject site and adjoining properties. EDR provided a report of listings dated between 1922 and 2017; however, no records for the subject site addresses or adjoining properties were identified by EDR’s review for the years 1922 through 1947. The earliest listing was from 1952 for an adjoining property. The earliest listing for the subject site was dated 1962. A summary of cross-reference directory information is presented in the following table. Refer to Appendix A – EDR - City Cross-Reference Directories report for details.

Cross-Reference Directories Summary
Address Owner / Occupant Years
Subject Site
4323 N. Blackstone Avenue Uncle John’s Pancake House 1962 - 1970 Vaughn’s at Sather Gate 1975
Grand Auto Store (auto parts retailer) 1980 - 2000
Kragen Auto Parts (auto parts retailer)
B Global Transmission (auto repair)
2002 - 2010
2002
O’Reilly Auto Parts (auto parts retailer) 2014 – Present The Camp – Transformation Center
(boxing gym)
2018 - Present
4325 N. Blackstone Avenue Central Deli 1990 - 2000
Labor Finders 2010 - 2014
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Address Owner / Occupant Years
Subject Site
4327 N. Blackstone Avenue Sunset Shutters
Blackstone Medical Clinic for Weight
Loss
1986
1990 - 1996
Cal Patriot Insurance 2000
Last Minute Deetails 2005
Classic Covers
Lonnie Vigil, Hair Stylist
Jo Ann Kent, Stylist
Hair Styles by Roy
Company Three Hair & Nails Studio
2010
Central Sierra Insurance 2017 – 04/2024
4329 N. Blackstone Avenue Dollar Cleaners 1986
Vacant 1990
Vera Rodriguez
D V DS
Lisa Baziuk
Lanetta Roberts
1995, 1996, 2000
Becky’s Nails 2000, 2002, 2005
D V DS
Ernest at D V DS, barber
2002, 2005
2002
Pip Squeaks 2010
4331 N. Blackstone Avenue Heritage Products 1986
Vacant 1990
4333 N. Blackstone Avenue Continental Service Center (auto repair) 1970 Vacant 1975
San Joaquin Veterinary Clinic/Hospital 1986 - Present
4341 N. Blackstone Avenue L L Howard 1952
4343 N. Blackstone Avenue Continental Market (grocery store) 1962 - 1990 Vons Market (grocery store)
Wells Fargo Bank Branch office
2000 – 2010
2000
Asia Supermarket (grocery store)
RedBox
2017
Classy Cleaners & Service (erroneous
listing, building has been vacant since
2018)
2020
Adjacent/Vicinity Properties
North of East Holland Avenue
4411 N. Blackstone Avenue Red Carpet Car Wash 1970 - Present East side of N. Blackstone Avenue
4414 N. Blackstone Avenue Colonial Mobile Home Park
(individual resident listings)
1965 - 1970
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Address Owner / Occupant Years
Adjacent/Vicinity Properties
4414 N. Blackstone Avenue Ace Service, Inc. (tire dealer) 1975 - 1986 J&T Auto Service (auto repair) 1990 - 1995
Auto Shopper America
Kar Shopper
2005 – 2017
2005
United Auto, Inc. 2014 - 2017
Mike Saadeldin 2020
4392 N. Blackstone Avenue White Pine Lumber (wholesaler) 1958 - Present 4376 N. Blackstone Avenue Fresno Coin Gallery 1986 – 2002 4374 N. Blackstone Avenue E G Babcock Co. (garden implements) 1958 - 1962 Beautiwood Furniture 1965 - 1980
Bob’s Dive Shop 1986 - 2017
4344 N. Blackstone Avenue E L Kanawyer 1952
Albrecht’s Welding 1962 - 1965
Boat Repair 1970
R B Furniture 1975 - 1992
Lifestyle Furniture 1996 - 2002
Fantastic Furniture 2010
Serrano’s Furniture 2014 - Present
4326 N. Blackstone Avenue The Pop Shoppe (bottlers) 1975 Vacant 1980
Super Shop, Inc. (auto parts retailer)
Automotive Center
1986 – 1996
1996
4 Wheel Parts (wholesaler) 2000 - Present
Performance Auto Parts 2002
Adjacent south of the Subject Site
4313 N. Blackstone Avenue Love’s Family Restaurant 1975 - 1986 Buddy’s Bar and Diner 1990 - 1996
China Garden (restaurant) 2002 - 2010
Golden Horse (restaurant) 2014 - 2017
Jennifer Kong 2020
Krazan’s review of cross-reference directories indicated the following:
 the subject site address of 4323 North Blackstone Avenue was occupied by a restaurant in the 1960s and 1970s, has been occupied by auto parts retailers since 1980 and was partially occupied by B Global Transmission in 2002;
 the multi-tenant building addressed 4325 – 4333 North Blackstone Avenue has been occupied by various tenants including a deli, hair and nail salons, professional offices, retail spaces, Continental Service Center in 1970, San Joaquin Veterinary clinic/hospital since 1986 and Dollar Cleaners was noted in 1986; and,
 the subject site address of 4343 North Blackstone Avenue was a grocery store from 1962 until 2017.

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4.4 Aerial Photograph Interpretation
Historical aerial photographs were obtained from Environmental Data Resources, Inc. (EDR) and Google Earth (2024) and reviewed to assess the history of the subject site. The aerial photograph summary is provided in the following table. Refer to Appendix A - Historical Aerial Photographs for details.

Aerial Photograph Review Summary
Year Site Use Adjacent Properties
1937, 1942,
and 1946
The subject site is depicted as
agriculture. Wolters Colony Ditch
(name obtained from topographic
maps) is depicted along a portion of the
eastern property boundary and across
the southern portion of the subject site.

Primarily agriculture with rural residences
adjacent to the site and in the site vicinity.
1950 The site usage is unchanged from the
1946 photograph.

Several structures are depicted on the property
adjacent to the north. A mobile home property
is depicted to the northeast. Commercial
development is depicted along North
Blackstone Avenue. Parcels to the south and
west are relatively unchanged and remain
agriculture and rural residential.
1957 The subject site has been cleared of
agriculture and is vacant. The remnant
of Wolters Colony Ditch is depicted in
the photo.

Blackstone Avenue is depicted as a 6-lane
divided roadway and there is virtually no
agriculture remaining in the site vicinity. The
structures depicted on the property to the north
in the 1950 photograph have been demolished
and new structures have been built along
Blackstone Avenue. Parcels to the east are
relatively unchanged. Properties to the south
are commercial or residential. Properties to
the west are single-family residences.
1962 Buildings are depicted in the northern
and southern portions of the subject
site. Parking areas are depicted adjacent
to the buildings.

Surrounding properties are relatively
unchanged from the 1957 photograph;
however, residential development to the west
and southwest has become more densely
developed.
1967, 1973 The subject site is relatively
unchanged; however, a third building
located in the southwestern corner of
the subject site is first depicted in the
1967 photograph.

The stormwater retention basin to the north-
northwest is depicted. The property to the
north has been redeveloped with the existing
car wash. Increased commercial development
is depicted along Blackstone Avenue. The
mobile home property to the northeast is no
longer depicted as of the 1973 photo. The site
vicinity is densely developed with single-
family residences beyond the Blackstone
Avenue commercial corridor.

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Year Site Use Adjacent Properties
1979 The northern building is unchanged.

The southern building has been
demolished and a larger building has
been constructed. In addition, a
building adjoining the southern
building to the west has been
constructed. The building in the
southwestern corner has been
demolished. Parking areas remain
unchanged.

The adjacent and surrounding properties are
relatively unchanged from the 1973
photograph. A building adjacent to the south
of the subject site has been constructed.
1984, 1987,
2006, 2009,
2012, 2016
The subject site is unchanged from the
1979 photograph.

The adjacent properties, Blackstone Avenue
commercial corridor, and vicinity residential
areas are relatively unchanged from the 1979
photograph.
2024 The northern portion of the subject site
is vacant. The two adjoining buildings
and parking lot in the southern portion
of the subject remain unchanged.

Surrounding properties are unchanged from
the 2016 photo.

The subject site was utilized for agricultural purposes from at least the mid-1930s through the late-1950s when it was cleared of agriculture and vacant prior to the construction of the commercial buildings in the early 1960s. The property has been used for commercial purposes since that time.

4.5 Municipal Records
City of Fresno Planning & Development Department
On August 24, 2023, a request was submitted to the City of Fresno Planning & Development Department (CFPDD) to obtain building permit records for the subject site addresses. In excess of 650 documents were provided to Krazan for review. Please note that many of these permits were not provided to Krazan during the previous assessments conducted in 2022. A summary of the pertinent documents reviewed are presented in the following table:

Permit Summary
Address Permit Type Year
4323 N. Blackstone Avenue Sewer connection March 23, 1971 Building relocation permit June 13, 1977
4333 N. Blackstone Avenue Certificate of Occupancy, Doctor’s office April 3, 1981 1553 E. Swift Building Permit #7 2946 – Foundation May 5, 1964 Building Permit #7 2975– Continental Auto
Center
May 8, 1964
Various plumbing and electrical permits –
Continental Auto Center
May 1964
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Address Permit Type Year
1553 E. Swift (continued) Plumbing permit #17984 (Note: connected to cesspools)
May 1964
Change of Address – 1553 E. Swift Avenue to
4333 N. Blackstone Avenue
July 16, 1965
Sewer Connection – Notice to connect to
municipal sanitary sewer
March 4, 1970
Demolition Permit #90097 January 1979
Sign erection – Standard Texaco Banjo sign –
Permit No. 7 4111
September 17, 1964
1553 E. Swift Avenue / 4333 N. Blackstone Avenue
The building formerly located in the southwest corner of the subject site was constructed in 1964 as Continental Service Center (auto repair) and addressed 1553 E. Swift Avenue. A plumbing permit in 1964 indicated the building was connected to “cesspools”. One notable permit, No. 7 4111, was for the erection of a “standard Texaco banjo sign” was submitted on September 17, 1964 by Texaco, Inc. The permit application provided a map showing the proposed location of the sign’s construction along Swift Avenue, near the building labeled “auto center” and adjacent to “gas pumps”. No other documents pertaining to installation and/or removal of the gas pumps or fuel storage tank(s) were noted in any of the building permits provided. In 1965, the building address was changed to 4333 N. Blackstone Avenue. In 1970, the City of Fresno required the building be connected to the municipal sanitary sewer. A demolition permit for the building was issued in January 1979 which included a certificate that “debris and excavations” including septic tanks were removed from the property. A document dated January 29, 1979 title “Tank Removal Backfill” prepared by The Twining Laboratories, Inc. was also included in the City of Fresno Planning Department records. The document detailed the “spot soil density tests taken in backfill of excavation”.

Tests were performed by Twining Laboratories, Inc. on January 24 and 25, 1979 at the authorization of Jim Williams of Williams Excavating. Twining Laboratories, Inc. prepared the document of compaction and soil density tests for Williams Excavating. The presence of this document indicates the fuel storage tank was removed from the subject site. Due to the apparent removal of the UST and the length of time since the removal (approximately 45 years), the former presence of a fuel UST does not represent a concern in connection with this assessment.
4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
Copies of permits provided include general plumbing, electrical, and mechanical permits for Continental Market, Von’s Store #189, and Asia Supermarket. The original construction permits for the buildings were not included in the records provided; however, the oldest document was an application for an alcoholic beverage license dated June 26, 1963 submitted by Continental Markets.

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4.6 Previous Environmental Assessments
Krazan has conducted several previous environmental assessments of the subject site on behalf of the City of Fresno. On July 11, 2024, Mr. Phillip Skei, Assistant Director with the City of Fresno Planning & Development Department gave Krazan permission to utilize information in the previous environmental reports in order to provide an historical summary of the subject site. For brevity and since the previous reports were prepared for the City of Fresno, copies of the following reports are not included in the appendices of this report.

Phase I Environmental Site Assessment, Proposed Senior Center and Multi-tenant Buildings, 4343 N.

Blackstone Avenue and 4323 – 4333 N. Blackstone Avenue, APNs 426-253-17 (4.25 acres) and 426- 253-19 (1.21 acres), Fresno, California 93721 (Krazan Project No. 014-21171) dated January 27, 2022.

A site reconnaissance, which included a visual observation of the subject site and surrounding properties, was conducted by Krazan on January 7, 2022. Krazan identified no evidence of CRECs or HRECs in connection with the subject site as defined by ASTM E 1527-13. However, the following RECs, PAOCs and ASTM non-scope issues were identified:

RECs
Based on Krazan’s historical review, the former building located in the southwestern portion of the subject site was identified as an auto repair facility with associated gas pumps from the mid-1960s through the mid-1970s. The building was addressed 4333 North Blackstone and was identified as Continental Service Center (auto repair). No documents pertaining to installation and/or removal of the gas pumps or fuel storage tanks were noted during the review of records maintained by the Fresno County Department of Community Health, Environmental Health System (FCEHS). Records maintained by the City of Fresno Fire Department regarding hazardous materials storage in aboveground or underground storage tanks was unavailable as of the date of this report. Therefore, the potential exists for subsurface impacts to the subject site by petroleum hydrocarbon constituents in the event a release occurred. If former fuel storage tank(s) and/or piping is identified during redevelopment of the subject site, Krazan should be contacted to assess potential subject site impacts and to support compliance with regulatory requirements.

Dollar Cleaners was located in the 4329 N. Blackstone Avenue tenant space and is listed on the Historic Cleaners database for the years 1986 to 1989. Former use as of the tenant space as a dry-cleaners constitutes evidence of a REC at the subject site. If during redevelopment of the subject site, impacts to soil in the vicinity of the former dry cleaners are identified, Krazan should be contacted to assess potential subject site impacts and to support compliance with regulatory requirements.

PAOCs
A leak was observed beneath the hydraulic elevator equipment unit located in the former grocery store building. The pit area beneath the elevator car was not observed. Signage indicating whether the fluid contained within the unit is non-PCB containing was not observed; therefore, the leak beneath the equipment is considered a potential area of concern.

Based on review of city directories, B Global Transmission operated an auto repair facility at 4323 North Blackstone Avenue in approximately 2002. In addition, Mr. Miyake, owner representative stated O’Reilly’s Auto Parts formerly conducted auto repairs in adjoining space as part of their operations.

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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx The tenant space was observed to be occupied by The Camp Transformation Center during the reconnaissance. No evidence of the former operation by either B Global Transmission or O’Reilly Auto Parts in the 4323 North Blackstone Avenue tenant space were observed. No documentation was identified to indicate a release has occurred from either of these former operations; however, the past usage is a potential area of concern to this assessment. Although this tenant space is not planned for demolition or renovation as part of the redevelopment, should subsurface impacts be identified, Krazan should be contacted to assess potential subject site impacts and to support compliance with regulatory requirements.

ASTM NON-SCOPE ISSUES
The buildings on the subject site were constructed in the early 1960s and mid-1970s. It is unknown whether the buildings contain asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) or lead-based paint (LBP). An asbestos and/or LBP survey and sampling of the on-site buildings was not included within the scope of this assessment. Prior to the disturbance of any suspect ACMs or LBP at the subject site via renovation or demolition, a comprehensive asbestos and LBP survey is recommended.  Phase I Environmental Site Assessment, Proposed Senior Center – Former Vons Grocery Store, 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue and 4323 – 4333 N. Blackstone Avenue, APNs 426-253-17 (4.25 acres) and 426- 253-19 (1.26 acres), Fresno, California 93721 (Krazan Project No. 014-22145) dated October 20, 2022.

Krazan identified no evidence of CRECs or HRECs in connection with the subject site as defined by ASTM E 1527-13. However, the following RECs, PAOCs and ASTM non-scope issues were identified:

RECs
Krazan conducted a Phase I ESA for the subject site in January 2022. Based on the historical review conducted, a former auto repair facility with associated gas pumps was identified in the southwestern portion of the subject site from the mid-1960s through the mid-1970s. The building was addressed 4333 North Blackstone and was identified as Continental Service Center. No documents pertaining to installation and/or removal of the gas pumps or fuel storage tanks were noted during the review of records maintained by the Fresno County Department of Community Health, Environmental Health System (FCEHS) or the City of Fresno Fire Department.

Dollar Cleaners was located in the 4329 N. Blackstone Avenue tenant space and is listed on the Historic Cleaners database for the years 1986 to 1989. No files were identified with the regulatory agencies contacted during this investigation. Former use of the tenant space as a dry cleaner constitutes evidence of an REC at the subject site. If during redevelopment of the subject site, impacts to soil in the vicinity of the former dry cleaners are identified, Krazan should be contacted to assess potential subject site impacts and to support compliance with regulatory requirements.

PAOCs
Based on review of city directories, B Global Transmission operated an auto repair facility at 4323 North Blackstone Avenue in approximately 2002. In addition, Mr. Miyake, owner representative stated O’Reilly’s Auto Parts formerly conducted auto repairs in adjoining space as part of their operations.

The tenant space was observed to be occupied by The Camp Transformation Center during the reconnaissance. No evidence of the former operation by either B Global Transmission or O’Reilly Auto Parts in the 4323 North Blackstone Avenue tenant space were observed. No documentation was identified to indicate a release has occurred from either of these former operations; however, the past Fresno Senior Center and Apartments Project No. 014-23100 Fresno, California Page No. 14
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ASTM NON-SCOPE ISSUES
The buildings on the subject site were constructed in the early 1960s and mid-1970s. It is unknown whether the buildings contain ACMs or LBP. An asbestos and/or LBP survey and sampling of the on- site buildings was not included within the scope of this assessment. Prior to the disturbance of any suspect ACMs or LBP at the subject site via renovation or demolition, a comprehensive asbestos and LBP survey is recommended.
 Phase II Limited Subsurface Survey, Proposed Senior Center and Multi-tenant Buildings, 4323 – 4333 N. Blackstone Avenue, APNs 426-253-17 (4.25 acres) and 426-253-19 (1.21 acres), Fresno, California 93721 (Krazan Project No. 014-21171) dated October 20, 2022.

Based on the findings presented in the Phase I ESA dated January 27, 2022, Krazan was requested to complete a Limited Subsurface Survey (LSS); however, no sampling of soil/soil gas at the subject site was requested due to project approval time constraints. The LSS, using electromagnetic and ground penetrating radar, was conducted in the vicinity of the inferred location of the former Continental Service Center. According to the Report of Findings and Conclusions, the Phase II LSS did not identify subsurface anomalies characteristic of USTs or related features during the LSS field activities.

However, soil sampling and analysis, including a soil vapor survey, have not been conducted in this area of the subject site.

4.7 Agricultural Chemicals
Review of historical aerial photographs indicates that the subject site was utilized for agricultural purposes from at least 1937 until the early 1960s. Although the potential exists that environmentally persistent pesticides/herbicides may have historically applied to crops grown on the subject site circa 1940s and 1950s; 1) no material evidence of the use of environmentally persistent pesticides/herbicides was obtained during the course of this assessment, and 2) it is anticipated that any environmentally persistent pesticides/herbicides potentially located on site would have been dislocated and diluted as a result of the grading and trenching operations conducted in conjunction with the commercial development of the property in the early 1960s. Therefore, the potential for elevated concentrations of environmentally persistent pesticides or herbicides to currently exist in the near-surface soils of the subject site at concentrations which would require regulatory action appears to be low.

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5.0 USER-PROVIDED INFORMATION
A review of user-provided information was conducted in order to help identify pertinent information regarding potential environmental impacts associated with the subject site.

5.1 Environmental Liens/Activity and Use Limitations Report An Environmental Lien/Activity and Use Limitations (EL/AUL) Report for each of the two subject site APNs were completed by AFX Corp. Inc. (AFX) on August 27, 2023. The AFX EL/AUL Reports provided results from a search of available land title records for environmental cleanup liens and other activity and use limitations, such as engineering controls and institutional controls. The subject site EL/AUL Report was reviewed to identify potential environmental liens, institutional controls (ICs), environmental land use controls (LUCs), environmental activity and use limitations (AULs), or declaration of environmental use restrictions (DEULs) which may have been filed against the subject site or exist in connection with the subject site as indicated by the subject site EL/AUL Reports.

Krazan’s review of the EL/AUL Report indicated no liens, judgments, ICs, LUCs, AULs, or DEULs were found for either of the subject site parcels, according to the scope of work and limitations. Refer to Appendix B - EL/AUL Report for details.

5.2 Title Report
A Title Report for subject site parcels was not provided by Krazan’s client, the Phase I ESA user.

5.3 Interviews
Krazan conducts interviews with the owner of the subject site, a key site manager, subject site occupant(s), and/or the previous owner/occupant(s) of the subject site. The interview(s) is/are designed to provide pertinent information regarding potential environmental impacts associated with the subject site.

Subject Site Owner
On July 16, 2024 Ms. Corrina Nunez with the City of Fresno provided a completed environmental questionnaire on behalf of the City of Fresno, the property owner. According to questionnaire responses, Ms. Nunez has been associated with subject site parcels since January 2022. Ms. Nunez indicated that the subject site is currently used for small businesses. Ms. Nunez stated there is one structure at the subject site and was unaware of previous structures.

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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx Ms. Nunez was unaware any USTs or ASTs; however, she stated that the auto parts store at the front of the property may store chemicals. According to Ms. Nunez, she is unaware of imported soil, buried materials, septic systems, domestic or agricultural water wells, dry wells, monitoring wells, or disposal ponds, on the subject property. Ms. Nunez indicated the subject site is connected to the municipal water and/or sewer system. Ms. Nunez stated no concerns from environmental cleanup liens or previous commercial and/or industrial tenants and is unaware of engineering controls, land use restrictions or institutional controls in place at the subject site. Ms. Nunez is unaware of current of historical vehicle operations, specific chemicals or any spills associated with the subject site. Ms. Nunez stated no concerns from adjacent properties, or specialized knowledge regarding nearby properties. Lastly, Ms. Nunez stated the purpose of the Phase I was for a loan and the that the purchase price of the subject site reasonably reflects fair market value. Refer to Appendix B – Phase I ESA Questionnaires for details.

Subject Site Occupants
Interviews with subject site occupants/tenants at the subject site consisted of Ms. Joanie Seta, San Joaquin Veterinary Hospital, and Doug (last name withheld) at O’Reilly Auto Parts. Please refer to Section 6.1 – Observations below for details discussed with each tenant during the site reconnaissance.

Previous Subject Site Owners/Occupants
Interviews conducted as part of the assessment in January 2022 with subject site owners at that time are summarized here as those owners are now considered previous owners. Mr. Greg Miyake, Property Manager with KGM Associates, Inc., provided a completed environmental questionnaire on behalf of the former property owner. Ms. Nunez indicated that the subject site was used for a shopping center, with two structures. Ms. Nunez was unaware of previous structures on the subject site and unaware of historical uses of the subject site; however, he stated previous auto repair activities took place at the subject site, and that O’Reilly’s previous had an auto shop in the adjacent space. Please refer to Krazan’s January 2022 report for additional details.

Mr. Craig Holdener, Real Estate Broker with Newmark Pearson Commercial, was interviewed during the January 2022 site reconnaissance. Mr. Holdener stated that he had been familiar with the subject site for approximately three years (prior to 2022) and that he is not aware of any historical uses of the subject site.

5.4 Phase I Environmental Site Assessment User Questionnaire In order to qualify for one of the Landowner Liability Protections (LLPs) offered by the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act of 2001 (the Brownfields Amendments), the user must provide the following information (if available) to the environmental professional. Failure to provide this Fresno Senior Center and Apartments Project No. 014-23100 Fresno, California Page No. 17
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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx information could result in a determination that all appropriate inquiry is not complete. The user is asked to provide information or knowledge of the following:

1. Environmental cleanup liens that are filed or recorded against the site.

2. Activity and land use limitations that are in place on the site or that have been filed or recorded in a registry.

3. Specialized knowledge or experience of the person seeking to qualify for the LLPs.

4. Relationship of the purchase price to the fair market value of the property if it were not contaminated.

5. Commonly known or reasonably ascertainable information about the property.

6. The degree of obviousness of the presence or likely presence of contamination at theproperty, and the ability to detect the contamination by appropriate investigation.

7. The reason for preparation of this Phase I ESA.

On July 16, 2024 Ms. Corrina Nunez with the City of Fresno provided a completed environmental questionnaire on behalf of the City of Fresno, as user of the Phase I ESA. Refer to Appendix B – Phase I ESA Questionnaires for details.

According to the questionnaire responses,Ms. Nunez, to the best of her knowledge as the user of this Phase I ESA, was not aware of any environmental cleanup liens and/or activity or land use limitations which have been filed or recorded against the subject site. Ms. Nunez has no specialized knowledge or experience of the prior nature of the business or chemical utilization on the subject site. Ms. Nunez indicated that she did not have knowledge of the past or current presence of specific chemicals or hazardous materials, unauthorized spills or chemical releases or of any environmental cleanups in connection with the subject site. Ms. Nunez indicated that she is not aware of any obvious indications pointing to the presence or likely presence of contamination of the subject property. Ms. Nunez stated that the purchase price of the subject site reasonably reflects fair market value and that the reason for preparation of this Phase I ESA is related to a loan.

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6.0 SITE RECONNAISSANCE
A site reconnaissance, which included a visual observation of the subject site and surrounding properties, was conducted by Ms. Laurie Blakeman, Krazan’s Environmental Assessor, on July 9, 2024. Ms. Blakeman was given permission to enter the property by Mr. J.T. Katavich, Senior Associate with Hamner Jewell & Associates. Krazan was unescorted during the site visit. The objective of the site reconnaissance is to obtain information indicating the likelihood of identifying recognized environmental conditions, including hazardous substances and petroleum products, in connection with the property (including soils, surface waters, and groundwater).

6.1 Observations
The following table summarizes the subject site features encountered during our site reconnaissance.

Observed features are noted in the table below and described in detail below the table. Refer to Figure No. 3 - Site Map and Photographs for locations and details pertaining to site-specific features discussed in this section of the report.

Site Reconnaissance Summary
Features Observed Not
Observed
Structures (existing) X
Evidence of Past Uses (foundations, debris) X
Hazardous Substances and/or Petroleum Products (including containers) X Aboveground Storage Tanks (ASTs) X
Underground Storage Tanks (USTs) or evidence of USTs X
Evidence of Underground Pipelines (non-irrigation) X
Strong, Pungent, or Noxious Odors X
Pools of Liquid likely to be Hazardous Materials or Petroleum Products X Drums X
Unidentified Substance Containers X
Potential Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB)-Containing Equipment X Subsurface Hydraulic Equipment X
Heating/Ventilation/Air Conditioning (HVAC) X
Stains or Corrosion on Floors, Walls or Ceilings X
Floor Drains, Sumps, or Oil/Water Clarifiers X
Storm Drains X
Pits, Ponds, or Lagoons X
Stained Soil and/or Pavement X
Soil Piles X
Stressed Vegetation X
Waste or Wastewater (including stormwater) Discharges to Surface/Surface Waters X
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Features Observed Not
Observed
Wells (Irrigation, Domestic, Dry, Injection, Abandoned, Monitoring Wells) X Septic Systems X
High-voltage, tower-mounted transmission lines X
The subject site is known as the Grand Continental Center and is comprised of two multi-tenant commercial buildings and a vacant parcel. The multi-tenant buildings share asphalt-paved parking areas to the north and west of the buildings. The parking lots are landscaped with trees and shrubs, and post-mounted lighting was observed in the western portion. Storm drains were observed along street curbs.

O’Reilly Auto Parts and The Camp Transformation Center - 4323 N. Blackstone Avenue The building is constructed of cinder block walls on a concrete slab-on-grade foundation with a flat roof.

The O’Reilly Auto Parts interior retail salesfloor and parts warehouse was observed during the site reconnaissance. Good housekeeping practices were noted on the retail salesfloor and in the parts warehouse. A hazardous materials area including shelf area, drums and waste oil collection bin was observed in the northwestern portion of the warehouse.
 A hazardous materials area storage shelf was color-coded according to O’Reilly Auto Part’s management plan and Safety-Kleen Systems, Inc. storage practices. Five-gallon buckets containing battery acid cleanup material, waste batteries, and a brake shavings bucket were observed. Containers were observed to be properly labeled and placed on shelving as depicted on the management plan.
 Two 55-gallon drums labeled as containing used oil filters and used oil, and absorbent containing used oil were also observed. The drums were stored on vinyl-floor tile covered area of the warehouse. No evidence of leaks or staining was observed beneath the drums.  A portable used oil collection bin was observed to be properly labeled as hazardous waste and the pickup record indicated the waste oil is collected monthly and transported off-site via manifest by Safety-Kleen Systems, Inc. The most recent pickup dated was June 4, 2024. Evidence of minor spills was observed beneath the used oil bin. Absorbent material (pellets) were observed to have been placed around and beneath the used oil bin. A notice on the front door informed customers that they were no longer taking used oil as their collection bin was full. The spills may have occurred from over-filling of the used oil bin.

The Camp Transformation Center is a boxing gym and training center. Krazan was unable to gain access to the interior of the training center during the site reconnaissance.

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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx 4325 – 4329 N. Blackstone Avenue
The building is constructed of cinder block walls on a concrete slab-on-grade foundation with a flat roof.

Krazan was unable to gain access to the interior of these spaces.  4325 N. Blackstone Avenue is occupied by the City of Fresno, Senior Center Headquarters office.

The office was not staffed at the time of Krazan’s site visit.  4327 N. Blackstone Avenue tenant space was most recently occupied by Central Sierra Insurance consisting of office operations. A notice on the door indicated the office had relocated as of April 23, 2024.
 4329 N. Blackstone Avenue was also vacant and most recently occupied by PipSqueaks Children’s Consignment Clothing.
4333 N. Blackstone Avenue
The San Joaquin Veterinary Hospital is addressed 4333 N. Blackstone Avenue and occupies the 4331 and 4333 N. Blackstone Avenue tenant spaces. Ms. Joanie Seta provided access to the animal hospital. The facility has a front-desk, lobby and waiting room, four separate animal exam rooms, a laboratory, pharmacy for medications, pet quarantine holding areas, surgery room, storage rooms, separate doctor’s office, employee breakroom/lounge, medical records storage room, supplies and pet food storage room. One- gallon containers of bleach, various disinfectants including Lysol, alcohol, hand sanitizer, and glass cleaner were observed in the storage room on a shelving unit within one of the storage rooms. In addition, several one-gallon containers of chlorhexidine, a wound cleaner was observed within a gated, locked area and concrete-bermed area of the storage room. A digital x-ray machine and associated exam table were observed. Ms. Seta stated they have not had a darkroom and associated chemicals needed for x-ray development in over 10 years. The Sharps bio-hazard container (approximately a 30-gallon plastic container) is stored within a gated and fenced area within a containment berm. The container is picked up on a quarterly basis by Healthwise. Floor drains were observed in the pet run-area and adjacent to the Sharps bio-hazard container area. Ms. Seta stated there is no special permit that she is aware of for any of the floor drains located within the building. To the best of her knowledge, the floor drains discharge to the sanitary sewer.

Two trash dumpsters and two recyclables dumpsters were observed adjacent to the exterior of the veterinary hospital in the southwestern portion of the subject site. The dumpsters serve the 4323 – 4333 North Blackstone Avenue tenant building. Housekeeping conditions were observed to be in good condition and no evidence of the disposal of hazardous materials or hazardous waste was observed in association with the dumpsters.

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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx One pad-mounted transformer was observed adjacent to the south of the multi-tenant buildings. No evidence of leaks or staining was noted on the concrete paved area beneath the transformer. 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
The vacant parcel was most recently occupied by a grocery store building and parking lot that were demolished in early 2024.

Two pole-mounted transformers were observed along East Holland Avenue. Three subterranean transformer access panels were observed along North Blackstone Avenue. None of the transformers were labeled as to their PCB status. Based on Krazan’s observations, the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) is the owner of the transformers. Based on the visual absence of apparent unauthorized releases of insulating fluids from the transformers at the time of Krazan’s site reconnaissance, the transformers are not currently anticipated to pose an adverse impact to the subject site. However, in the event of a future release/leak of insulating fluids from the transformer, or upon their removal and replacement, PG&E should be contacted regarding the testing of the transformer for PCB fluids.

6.2 Adjacent Streets and Property Usage
The following table summarizes the current adjacent streets and adjacent property uses observed during the site reconnaissance:

Adjacent Streets and Property Usage
Direction Adjacent Street Adjacent Property Usage
North East Holland Avenue Red Carpet Car Wash
City of Fresno Stormwater Retention Basin
East North Blackstone Avenue Auto Select (used car sales) White Pine Lumber
Headliner Auto Parts (auto parts sales)
Fresno Rage Room
Serrano’s Furniture
4 Wheel Parts (auto parts sales)
South East Swift Avenue Tacos y Mariscos Tijuana Mexican Food (adjacent to 4323 subject site building)
Martin Auto Color
Community Consignment & Resale
West North Crystal Avenue Single-family residences
Based on the observed uses of the properties located immediately adjacent to the subject site, it is unlikely that significant quantities of hazardous materials currently are stored at these properties. Please seeSection

6.4 – Regulatory Agency Records Review below for further discussion of relevant properties.

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6.3 ASTM Non-Scope Considerations
According to ASTM E 1527-21, there may be environmental issues or conditions at assessed properties that are outside the scope of the Phase I ESA practice (non-scope considerations). Some substances may be present in quantities and under conditions that may lead to contamination of the subject site or of nearby properties but are not included in CERCLA’s definition of hazardous substances (42 U.S.C. §9601[14]).

ASTM Non-scope considerations appropriate for the subject site are discussed below.

Asbestos-Containing Materials
Asbestos is a group of naturally occurring mineral fibers that have been used commonly in a variety of building construction materials for insulation and as a fire-retardant. Because of its fiber strength and heat resistant properties, asbestos has been used for a wide range of manufactured goods, mostly in building materials, vehicle brakes, and heat-resistant fabrics, packaging, gaskets, and coatings. When asbestos- containing materials (ACMs) are damaged or disturbed by repair, remodeling, or demolition activities, microscopic asbestos fibers may become airborne and can be inhaled into the lungs, where they can cause significant health problems.

An asbestos survey and sampling of the on-site structures was not included within the scope of work for this assessment; however, based on the date of construction, ACMs may be present at the subject site. The multi-tenant buildings were constructed in the mid-1970s. Prior to the disturbance of suspect ACMs at this facility, a comprehensive asbestos survey designed to determine if the suspect ACM is a regulated material is recommended.

Lead-Based Paint
Although lead-based paint (LBP) was banned in 1978, many buildings constructed after 1978 have paint that contains lead. Lead from paint, chips, and dust can pose serious health hazards if not addressed properly.

A LBP survey and sampling of the on-site structures was not included within the scope of work for this assessment; however, based on the date of construction, LBP may be present at the subject site. The multi- tenant buildings were constructed in the mid-1970s. Prior to the disturbance of any of the suspect LBP at this facility, a comprehensive LBP survey designed to determine if the suspect LBP is a regulated material is recommended.

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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx Mold and Moisture Intrusion
A class of fungi, molds have been found to cause a variety of health problems in humans, including allergic, toxicological, and infectious responses. Molds are decomposers of organic materials, and thrive in humid environments, and produce spores to reproduce, just as plants produce seeds. When mold spores land on a damp spot indoors, they may begin growing and digesting whatever they are growing on in order to survive.

When excessive moisture or water accumulates indoors, mold growth will often occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or unaddressed. As such, interior areas of buildings characterized by poor ventilation and high humidity are the most common locations of mold growth. Building materials including drywall, wallpaper, baseboards, wood framing, insulation and carpeting often play host to such growth. Moisture control is the key to mold control. Molds need both food and water to survive; since molds can digest most things, water is the factor that limits mold growth. No obvious olfactory evidence of the presence of significant interior mold or on-going water intrusion was observed within the buildings.

Radon
Radon is a radioactive gas that is found in certain geologic environments and is formed by the natural breakdown of radium, which is found in the earth’s crust. A radon survey was not included within the scope of this investigation; however, the State of California Department of Public Health (CDPH) maintains a statewide database of radon results in designated geographic areas. Radon detection devices are placed in homes throughout the study region to determine geographic regions with elevated radon concentrations.

The U.S. EPA has set the safety standard for radon gas in homes to be 4.0 pico Curies per liter (pCi/L).

The US EPA has prepared a map to assist National, State and local organizations to target their resources and to implement radon-resistant building codes. The map divides the country into three Radon Zones, Zone 1 being those areas with the average predicted indoor radon concentration in residential dwellings exceeding the EPA Action Limit of 4.0 pCi/L. It is important to note that the EPA has found homes with elevated levels of radon in all three zones, and the EPA recommends site-specific testing in order to determine radon levels at a specific location. However, the map does give a valuable indication of the propensity of radon gas accumulation in structures. Review of the EPA Map of Radon Zones places the Property in Zone 2, where average predicted radon levels are between 2.0 and 4.0 pCi/L. Therefore, the available data suggests that the potential for radon to adversely impact the subject site appears to be low.

6.4 Regulatory Agency Records Review
A review of Federal and State regulatory databases was conducted to help determine if hazardous materials have been handled, stored, or generated on the subject site and/or the adjacent properties and businesses.

The Federal and State environmental databases consulted in the course of this assessment were compiled Fresno Senior Center and Apartments Project No. 014-23100 Fresno, California Page No. 24
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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx by Environmental Data Resources, Inc. (EDR) and identified facilities within the search distances specified in ASTM 1527-21. Krazan did not verify the locations and distances of every property listed by the EDR Radius Map Report. Krazan verified the location and distances of the properties Krazan deemed as having the potential to adversely impact the subject site. The actual location of the listed properties may differ from the EDR listing. No EDR-listed unmapped (non-geocoded) sites identified were determined to be located on or adjacent to the subject site. Refer to Appendix C – EDR Radius Map Report dated June 25, 2024 for the Map Findings Summary and complete details of the complete report.

Regulatory records are reviewed based on the following criteria: 1) properties with known soils and/or groundwater releases considered to represent the potential for impact to the subject site that are located within 1,760 feet of the subject site for constituents of concern impacts or 528 feet of the subject site for petroleum hydrocarbon impacts; 2) properties that are adjacent or in proximity to the subject site included within the EDR regulatory database report or noted during the site reconnaissance to possibly handle, store, or generate hazardous materials. Applicable property records are discussed below.

No Federal Superfund – National Priorities List (NPL) sites were determined to be located within a one- mile radius of the subject site according to Krazan’s July 8, 2024 review of the State of California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) – Department of Toxic Substances Control Envirostor database and the Environmental Data Resources, Inc. (EDR) database report.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency – UST Finder
The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) developed UST Finder, a web map application containing a comprehensive national map of USTs. UST Finder contains information about the proximity of UST facilities and UST releases to surface and groundwater public drinking water protection areas.

Krazan’s July 8, 2024 review of the UST Finder database found that no USTs were reported on the subject site; however, USTs were noted at the Red Carpet Car Wash located adjacent to the north of the subject site beyond Holland Avenue. Refer below to the State of California Regional Water Quality Control Board Geotracker database section for details pertaining to the car wash.

USEPA – California State Institutional Controls/Engineering Controls Registry Krazan’s July 8, 2024 review of the USEPA California State Institutional Controls/Engineering Controls Registry indicated that no recorded institutional or engineering controls are located on the subject site or the adjacent properties.

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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx U.S. Department of Transportation – Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration Krazan’s July 8, 2024 review of the U.S. Department of Transportation – Pipeline & Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) National Pipeline Mapping System database available via the U.S.

Department of Transportation website indicated that no gas transmission pipelines or hazardous liquid pipelines are located on the subject site and no spill/release incidents are located on the subject site or the adjacent properties.

State of California Environmental Protection Agency
Krazan’s July 8, 2024 review of the State of California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) – Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) Envirostor database available via the DTSC’s Internet Website indicated that no records of cleanup sites including State response sites, voluntary cleanup sites, school cleanup sites, or military or school evaluation sites are listed for the subject site, the adjacent properties, or properties located within 500 feet of the subject site. Based on the records review, DTSC sites are not considered a concern to this assessment.

State of California Regional Water Quality Control Board - Geotracker Krazan’s July 8, 2024 review of the State of California Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) Geotracker database available via the RWQCB Internet Website did not identify any cleanup sites including LUST sites, cleanup program sites, land disposal sites, or military sites at subject site; however, the following adjacent property was listed as a LUST site.

Red Carpet Car Wash & Quick Lube
4411 North Blackstone
Adjacent to the north of the subject site
The facility is listed on the Geotracker database as a LUST cleanup, and on the EDR report as a UST, HIST UST, CERZ HAZ WASTE, SWEEPS UST, CA FID UST, RCRA NonGen/NLR (No Longer Regulated), Manifest, EDR Hist Auto and EMI databases.

According to RWQCB Geotracker records, a gasoline release was discovered during UST system modification activities, including removal and replacement of gasoline dispensers, at the facility in March 2004. The dispensers were identified to have been the source of the release to soil and were removed on March 19, 2004. A subsequent site assessment was conducted in April 2004, and the RWQCB granted closure to the release on August 10, 2004.

In December 2019, the RWQCB provided review of a work plan submitted to remove three (3) 10,000-gallon single-walled USTs from the facility. The USTs were noted to most recently store gasoline; however, one UST stored diesel from 1965 to 1969. In January 2020, the USTs, dispensers, and associated piping were removed under the supervision of the FCDEH. Soil samples were collected beneath the dispensers and former USTs. Soil samples were collected at 10 feet below ground surface (bgs) beneath the dispensers and 20 feet beneath the USTs. Analytical results indicated soil impacts at 14 feet bgs; therefore, the RWQCB requested an additional investigation to determine the vertical extent of contamination. The review stated that the facility no longer Fresno Senior Center and Apartments Project No. 014-23100 Fresno, California Page No. 26
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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx operates as a gasoline station, only a car wash and vehicle service station. In February 2020, a subsequent work plan for additional soil sampling was reviewed. No additional soil investigation reports were included in the Geotracker database.

Based on the closure granted to the release in 2004, and since the current soil investigation indicates the need to assess the vertical extent of soil contamination at the facility, it appears impacts are to the facility and have not migrated off-site. No groundwater samples were collected during the investigations. The adjacent facility is not considered an environmental concern to the subject site.

Refer to Appendix C – Regulatory Agency Records Documentation for details.

State of California Office of Emergency Services – Spills Database Krazan’s July 8, 2024 review of the State of California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) Spill Reports database, available via the Cal OES website indicated that no hazardous materials spill reports are included in the Cal OES Spill Reports database for any of the subject site addresses.

California Department of Conservation, California Geologic Energy Management Division Krazan’s July 8, 2024 review of the State of California Department of Conservation, California Geologic Energy Management Division (CalGEM) GIS Online Mapping System indicated that no plugged and abandoned or producing oil wells are located on or adjacent to the subject site.

Fresno County Department of Community Health, Environmental Health System The Fresno County Department of Community Health, Environmental Health System (FCEHS) is the lead regulatory agency or Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA) for hazardous materials handling facilities in Fresno County. Krazan’s review of the FCEHS CUPA and Solid Waste Programs Resource List (CUPA List) indicated the following records are on file with the FCEHS for the subject site. The two subject site facilities are also listed on the EDR Database report as a CUPA listing.

Asia Supermarket and Vons #189
4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
Subject site
The subject site address is listed on the CUPA, NPDES, CIWQS, CERS and CUPA listings in association with the demolition activities of the Vons grocery store building.

The former grocery stores are listed on the HAZNET, HWTS, and FINDS databases as a hazardous waste generator; however, review of individual documents (107) does not specify the type of waste generated. Documents reviewed consisted of permits, food facility inspections, complaints, and invoices. Permits and inspections for Vons#189 were identified between 1993 and 2015 and for Asia Supermarket between 2015 and 2017. One inspection report, dated April 14, 2016, indicated the Asia Supermarket facility “does not carry hazardous materials usage for their use above reporting thresholds. Facility can be considered below-reportable for hazardous materials.” The EDR report indicates the Asia Supermarket is a closed site in relation to the Hazardous Waste Generator (CESQG) (Conditionally Exempt) database listing. Based on the facility’s operation as Fresno Senior Center and Apartments Project No. 014-23100 Fresno, California Page No. 27
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O’Reilly Auto Parts #3505 and former Kragen Auto Parts #4082/Grand Auto 4323 N. Blackstone Avenue
Subject site
The subject site address is listed on the HAZNET, HWTS, CUPA, CERZ HAZ WASTE, CERS, EDR Hist Auto, RCRA NonGen/NLR (No Longer Regulated), Manifest, FINDS and ECHO databases.

Review of individual documents (41) on file with the FCEHS CUPA consisted of Hazardous Materials Business Plans, Chemical Inventory Forms, permits, and issued to Grand Auto (1987 to 2000), Kragen Auto Parts #4082 (2000 to 2011) and O’Reilly Auto Parts (2011 to present). The facility is listed on the CUPA database as a used oil collection center [Hazardous Waste Generator (CESQG) (Conditionally Exempt)]. The most recent inspection was conducted in October 2021 and no violations were noted. Paccar Automotive, Inc. 4323 N. Blackstone Avenue is listed on the EDR report on the HAZNET and HWTS databases between 1990 and 1999 as a transporter of hazardous waste at the time the tenant space was occupied by Grand Auto. Global Automotive was noted on the HWTS as an automotive transmission repair operation between 2002 and 2003 and A&J Auto Repair was noted on the HWTS as a general automotive repair operation between 2005 and 2007. The former operations and current O’Reilly Auto Parts retail store are not considered a concern to this assessment.

In addition, hazardous material records are on file with the FCEHS for several proximate properties, which are discussed below.

Bob’s Dive Shop
4374 N. Blackstone Avenue
Adjacent to the east
Inspection reports were listed in association with the special use pool located at the facility. Annual inspections of the pool appear to have been conducted as recently as October 2021. The facility is listed on the CUPA in association with two USTs that were removed from the facility. In May 2016, one 500-gallon gasoline UST and one 200-gallon gasoline UST were abandoned in place and associated piping was removed. Angle borings were advanced beneath each UST and one soil sample was collected beneath each UST and analyzed for benzene, di-isopropyl ether, ethyl tert- butyl ether, ethylbenzene, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), tert-amyl methyl ether, tert-butyl alcohol, toluene, and xylenes via Method 8260B. Both samples were non-detect above laboratory detection limits. On August 1, 2016, the FCEHS issued closure to the two USTs that were abandoned in place. The former USTs are not considered a concern to this assessment. Refer to Appendix C – Regulatory Agency Records Documentation for details.

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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx Auto Shopper Service and Keith’s Foreign Auto
4380 N. Blackstone Avenue
Adjacent to the east
The facility is listed on the CUPA database as a Hazardous Waste Generator (CESQG) (Conditionally Exempt). The facility is a listed as a general auto service and repair facility. Permits issued in 1991 indicated there were no USTs located at the facility in association with the operation.

The facility is no longer located adjacent to the east of the subject site and was transferred to an inactive status in 1999. The former facility is not considered a concern to this assessment. 4 Wheel Parts
4326 N. Blackstone Avenue
Adjacent to the east
The facility is listed on the CERS HAZ WASTE, CUPA database as a Hazardous Waste Generator (CESQG) (Conditionally Exempt), HAZNET, CERS and HWTS databases as a hazardous waste generator. Inspection reports from 2015 indicate the facility generates used oil. According to the inspection, less than 27 gallons per month were picked up by Safety Kleen and transported off-site for disposal under hazardous waste manifest. The facility is not listed on a database indicating a release has occurred; therefore, the facility is not considered a concern to this assessment.

City of Fresno Fire Department
The City of Fresno Fire Department (CFFD) has jurisdiction for fire protection for the subject site and the immediate vicinity. On January 14, 2022, the City of Fresno Fire Department CFFD was contacted regarding potential records of hazardous materials storage in aboveground or underground storage tanks or hazardous materials spill incidents for all addresses at the subject site. A response was received for the former 4343 North Blackstone Avenue building indicating an inspection from February 2011 that identified electrical, fire sprinkler, exit signs, plumbing issues and storage blocking corridors. No indication of environmental or hazardous materials issues were listed in the inspection. No environmental data was received for the 4323 – 4333 North Blackstone Avenue addresses.

Regulatory Database Review
Several agencies have published documents that list businesses or properties which have handled hazardous materials or waste or may have experienced site contamination. The lists consulted in the course of our assessment were compiled by EDR and Krazan and represent reasonably ascertainable current listings.

Krazan did not verify the locations and distances of every property listed by EDR. Krazan verified the location and distances of the properties Krazan deemed as having the potential to adversely impact the subject site. The actual location of the listed properties may differ from the EDR listing. The actual location of the listed properties may differ from the EDR listing. No EDR-listed unmapped (non-geocoded) sites identified were determined to be located on or adjacent to the subject site. Krazan did not verify the Fresno Senior Center and Apartments Project No. 014-23100 Fresno, California Page No. 29
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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx locations and distances of every property listed by EDR. Current and former tenants at the subject site were identified on the EDR Database report and are discussed below:

San Joaquin Veterinary Hospital
4333 N. Blackstone Avenue
Subject site
The on-site tenant is listed on the HWTS database as a historic generator of hazardous waste.

During the site reconnaissance, Mr. Joanie Seta, office manager, stated that the facility formerly stored and used photo-developing chemicals in association with x-ray equipment need during animal examinations. The facility has not had a darkroom for developing the x-rays in more than 12 years. The current x-ray machine observed in the veterinary hospital is digital. Ms. Seta stated one Sharps bio-hazard container for needles and syringes is picked up and transferred off-site on a quarterly basis by Healthwise. The tenant’s former listing as a historic generator of hazardous waste does not represent a concern to this assessment.

Continental Service Center
4333 N. Blackstone Avenue
Subject site
The former on-site facility is listed on the EDR HIST Auto database as an auto repair shop that operated at the subject site in 1970. There is no additional listing in the EDR report for the facility and no listing on the FCEHS database. The former automobile repair operation was considered a recognized environmental condition during Krazan’s January 2022 assessment. Upon completion of the Limited Subsurface Survey (LSS) prepared by Krazan in October 2022, no subsurface anomalies characteristic of USTs or related features were identified during the field activities. Soil sampling and analysis, including a soil vapor survey, were not conducted as part of the LSS due to project approval time constraints. The subject site’s listing as a an historic automobile repair operation does not represent a concern to this assessment.

Dollar Cleaners
4329 N. Blackstone Avenue
Subject site
The former on-site facility is listed on the Historic Cleaners database for the years 1986 to 1989.

The facility was noted to be a garment pressing and cleaners’ agent facility. The former tenant was considered a recognized environmental condition during Krazan’s January 2022 assessment.

Subsequently, Krazan was requested to complete an LSS to address potential USTs in the southwestern portion of the subject site; however, no investigation regarding the former dry- cleaners was requested and the collection of soil, soil gas and/or groundwater samples was not authorized due to project approval time constraints.

The remaining properties within the specified search radius of the subject site which appeared on local, state, or federally published lists of sites that use or have had releases of hazardous materials or petroleum products are of sufficient distance and/or situated hydraulically cross- or downgradient from the subject site such that impact to the subject site via groundwater migration is unlikely.In general, potentially hazardous materials released from facilities located approximately hydraulically upgradient within subject site Fresno Senior Center and Apartments Project No. 014-23100 Fresno, California Page No. 30
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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx vicinity, or in a hydraulically cross-gradient direction in proximity to the site, may have a reasonable potential of migrating to the subject site via groundwater flow. This opinion is based on the assumption that non-vaporous hazardous materials generally do not migrate large distances laterally within the soil, but rather tend to migrate with groundwater in the general direction of groundwater flow. However, the potential for migration of volatile hazardous materials may include movement within soils, groundwater flow or potentially omni-directionally if present in a vaporous state.

Hazardous Materials Migration in Soils and/or Groundwater The remaining properties within the specified search radius of the subject site which appeared on local, state, or federally published lists of sites that use or have had releases of hazardous materials or petroleum products are of sufficient distance and/or situated hydraulically cross- or downgradient from the subject site such that impact to the subject site via groundwater migration is unlikely.In general, potentially hazardous materials released from facilities located approximately hydraulically upgradient within subject site vicinity, or in a hydraulically cross-gradient direction in proximity to the site, may have a reasonable potential of migrating to the subject site via groundwater flow. This opinion is based on the assumption that non-vaporous hazardous materials generally do not migrate large distances laterally within the soil, but rather tend to migrate with groundwater in the general direction of groundwater flow. However, the potential for migration of volatile hazardous materials may include movement within soils, groundwater flow or potentially omni-directionally if present in a vaporous state.

Hazardous Materials Migration in Vapor
Hazardous materials or petroleum product vapors which may have the potential to migrate into the subsurface of the subject site may be caused by the release of vapors from contaminated soil or groundwater either on or in the vicinity of the subject site from current or historical uses of the subject site and/or adjacent or vicinity properties. Current or past land uses such as gasoline stations (using petroleum hydrocarbons), dry cleaning establishments (using chlorinated volatile organic compounds), former manufactured gas plant sites (using volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds), and former industrial sites such as those that had vapor degreasing or other parts-cleaning operations (using chlorinated volatile organic compounds) are of particular concern. Constituent of concern vapors are capable of migrating great distances omni- directionally along subsurface conduits such as pipelines, utility lines, sewer and stormwater lines, and building foundations.

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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx Based on Krazan’s observations and review of State and local regulatory agency records and the EDR regulatory database report, no listings of concern related to potential vapor migration were determined to be associated with the subject site, adjacent properties, or properties located within the subject site vicinity.

The rationale supporting this opinion includes the following:
 Relevant sites had undergone investigation and remediation sufficient to receive regulatory agency closure.
 Sites with reported releases of minor quantities of constituents of concern (COCs), or COCs of limited volatility impacting soil only were considered of minimal concern.  Sites with reported releases of COCs including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were either of sufficient distance or hydraulically down- or cross-gradient from the subject site such that they do not appear to represent a significant potential for vapor migration on the subject site.

No engineering control sites, sites with institutional controls, or sites with deed restrictions were listed for the subject site, adjacent sites or vicinity properties in the EDR Report.

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7.0 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
Summary of Conclusions
Apparent Evidence of RECs/CRECs or PAOCs From Not Noted Noted Historical Uses X
Current Uses X
Adjacent of Vicinity Property Uses X
Historical Uses
Based on Krazan’s review of historical aerial photographs, historical topographic maps, and historical cross-reference directories, a site reconnaissance, contacts with the local regulatory agencies, and an interview with a representative of the owner of the subject site, there is no material evidence that RECs exist in connection with the historical uses of the subject site.

While no documents pertaining to the removal of the gas pumps or fuel storage tank was identified, a document dated January 29, 1979 title “Tank Removal Backfill” prepared by The Twining Laboratories, Inc. was included in the City of Fresno Planning Department records. The document detailed the “spot soil density tests taken in backfill of excavation”. Tests were performed by Twining Laboratories, Inc. on January 24 and 25, 1979 at the authorization of Jim Williams of Williams Excavating. Twining Laboratories, Inc. prepared the document of compaction and soil density tests for Williams Excavating.

The presence of this document indicates the fuel storage tank was removed from the subject site. Due to the apparent removal of the UST and the length of time since the removal (approximately 45 years), the former presence of a fuel UST does not represent a concern in connection with this assessment.

Current Uses
Based on Krazan’s site reconnaissance, contacts with local regulatory agencies, and an interview with a representative of the owner of the subject site, there is no material evidence that RECs exist in connection with the current uses of the subject site.

Adjacent or Vicinity Property Uses
Based on Krazan’s field observations, review of the EDR government database report, and consultation with local regulatory agencies, there is no material evidence that RECs exist in connection with the subject site from adjacent or vicinity property uses.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments Project No. 014-23100 Fresno, California Page No. 33
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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx

7.1 Evaluation of Data Gaps/Data Failure
In accordance with ASTM E 1527-21 guidance, data gaps represent a lack of or inability to obtain information required by this practice despite good faith efforts by the environmental professional to gather such information. Data gaps may result from incompleteness in any of the activities required by this practice. Data failure represents the failure to achieve the historical research objectives of this practice even after reviewing the standard historical sources that are reasonably ascertainable and likely to be useful.

Data failure is one type of data gap.

No data gaps were encountered in the process of preparing this report.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments Project No. 014-23100 Fresno, California Page No. 34
KRAZAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.

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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx

8.0 CONCLUSIONS
We have conducted a Phase I ESA of the subject site in conformance with the scope and limitations of the ASTM E 1527-21 Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process guidance documents. Any deviations from this practice were previously described in this report.

During the course of this assessment, Krazan identified no evidence of recognized environmental conditions (RECs), controlled RECs (CRECs) or historical RECs (HRECs) in connection with the subject site as defined by ASTM E 1527-21; however, ASTM Non-Scope Considerations were identified.

ASTM Non-Scope Considerations
 The buildings on the subject site were constructed in the mid-1970s. It is unknown whether the buildings contain asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) or lead-based paint (LBP). An asbestos and/or LBP survey and sampling of the on-site buildings was not included within the scope of this assessment. Prior to the disturbance of any suspect ACMs or LBP at the subject site via renovation or demolition, a comprehensive asbestos and LBP survey is recommended.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments Project No. 014-23100 Fresno, California Page No. 35
KRAZAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.

With Offices Serving the Western United States
014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx

9.0 RELIANCE
This report was prepared solely for use by Client and should not be provided to any other person or entity without Krazan & Associates’ prior written consent. No party other than Client may rely on this report without Krazan & Associates’ express prior written consent. Reliance rights for third parties will only be in effect once requested by Client and authorized by Krazan & Associates with authorization granted by way of a Reliance Letter. The Reliance Letter will require that the relying party(ies) agree to be bound to the terms and conditions of the agreement between Client and Krazan & Associates as if originally issued to the relying party(ies), or as so stipulated in the Reliance Letter.

10.0 LIMITATIONS
The site reconnaissance and research of the subject site has been limited in scope. This type of assessment is undertaken with the calculated risk that the presence, full nature, and extent of contamination would not be revealed by visual observation alone. Although a thorough site reconnaissance was conducted in accordance with ASTM Guidelines and employing a professional standard of care, no warranty is given, either expressed or implied, that hazardous material contamination or buried structures, which would not have been disclosed through this investigation, do not exist at the subject site. Therefore, the data obtained are clear and accurate only to the degree implied by the sources and methods used.

The findings presented in this report were based upon field observations during a single property visit, review of available data, and discussions with local regulatory and advisory agencies. Observations describe only the conditions present at the time of this investigation. The data reviewed and observations made are limited to accessible areas and currently available records searched. Krazan cannot guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the regulatory agency records reviewed. Additionally, in evaluating the property, Krazan has relied in good faith upon representations and information provided by individuals noted in the report with respect to present operations and existing property conditions, and the historical uses of the property. It must also be understood that changing circumstances in the property usage, proposed property usage, subject site zoning, and changes in the environmental status of the other nearby properties can alter the validity of conclusions and information contained in this report. Therefore, the data obtained are clear and accurate only to the degree implied by the sources and methods used.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments Project No. 014-23100 Fresno, California Page No. 36
KRAZAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.

With Offices Serving the Western United States
014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx This report is provided for the exclusive use of the client noted on the cover page and shall be subject to the terms and conditions in the applicable contract between the client and Krazan. Any third-party use of this report, including use by Client’s lender, shall also be subject to the terms and conditions governing the work in the contract between the client and Krazan. The unauthorized use of, reliance on, or release of the information contained in this report without the express written consent of Krazan is strictly prohibited and will be without risk or liability to Krazan.

Conclusions and recommendations contained in this report are based on the evaluation of information made available during the course of this assessment. It is not warranted that such data cannot be superseded by future environmental, legal, geotechnical or technical developments. Consequently, given the possibility for unanticipated hazardous conditions to exist on a subject site which may not have been discovered, this Phase I ESA is not intended as the basis for a buyer or developer of real property to waive their rights of recovery based upon environmental unknowns. Parties that choose to waive rights of recovery prior to site development do so at their own risk.

Parties who seek to rely upon Phase I Environmental Site Assessment reports dated more than 180 days prior to the date of reliance do so at their own risk. This limitation in reliance is based on the potential for physical changes at the site, changes in circumstances, technological and professional advances, and guidance related to the continued viability of Environmental Site Assessment reports, user’s responsibilities, and requirements for updating of components of the inquiry as stated in the ASTM Standard E 1527-21.

11.0 QUALIFICATIONS
This Phase I ESA was conducted under the supervision or responsible charge of Krazan’s undersigned environmental assessor with oversight from the undersigned environmental professional. The work was conducted in accordance with ASTM E 1527-21 guidance, generally accepted industry standards for environmental due diligence in place at the time of the preparation of this report, and Krazan’s quality- control policies.

We declare that, to the best of our professional knowledge and belief, we meet the definition of environmental professional as defined in §312.10 of 40 CFR 312 and we have the specific qualifications based on education, training, and experience to assess a property of the nature, history, and setting of the subject property.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments Project No. 014-23100 Fresno, California Page No. 37
KRAZAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.

With Offices Serving the Western United States
014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx We have developed and performed the all appropriate inquiries in conformance with the standards and practices set forth in 40 CFR Part 312.

Respectfully submitted,
KRAZAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.

Laurie K. Blakeman
Sr. Environmental Project Manager
Remington R. Alexander, PE
Environmental Regional Manager
LKB/RRA/mlt
Fresno Senior Center and Apartments Project No. 014-23100 Fresno, California Page No. 38
KRAZAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.

With Offices Serving the Western United States
014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx

REFERENCES
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) Process, ASTM Designation: E 1527-21 ASTM, Standard Guide for Vapor Encroachment Screening on Property Involved in Real Estate Transactions, ASTM Designation E 2600-10.

City of Fresno Fire Department (CFFD).

City of Fresno Planning and Development Department (CFPDD).

Environmental Data Resources, Inc. (EDR), Aerial photographs, Microsoft® Research Maps.

Environmental Data Resources, Inc. (EDR), Certified Sanborn Map Report.

Environmental Data Resources, Inc. (EDR), City Directory Abstract.

Environmental Data Resources, Inc. (EDR), Regulatory Database Report.

Environmental Data Resources, Inc. (EDR), Topographic Map Report.

Fresno County Department of Public Health, Environmental Health System (FCEHS) / Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA)
Lingo, Jake, Integrated Community Development
Nunez, Corrina, City of Fresno, Planning & Development, Community Development Division Skei, Phillip, City of Fresno, Planning & Development
State of California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Envirostor Website:
http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public
State of California Geologic Energy Management Division (CalGEM) Maps Website:
https://www.conservation.ca.gov/calgem/Pages/WellFinder.aspx State of California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Geotracker Website:
http://geotracker.swrcb.ca.gov
State of California, Department of Water Resources, Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) Data Viewer, Spring 2023, https://sgma.water.ca.gov/webgis/?appid=SGMADataViewer#gwlevels U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Map of Radon Zones.

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service National Wetland Inventory Wetlands Mapper:
http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Data/Mapper.html
U.S. Geological Survey, 7.5-minute Fresno North, California topographic quadrangle map.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments Project No. 014-23100 Fresno, California Page No. 39
KRAZAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.

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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx

GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Subject Site: The real property being investigated under this Phase I ESA.

Adjacent Properties: Properties which are contiguous with the subject site, or would be contiguous except for a street, road, or other public thoroughfare.

Subject Site Vicinity: Properties located within a 500-foot radius of the subject site.

Environmental Professional: A person meeting the education, training, and experience requirements as set forth in 40 CFR §312.10(b). The EP may be an independent contractor or an employee of the user.

User: The party seeking to use Practice E 1527 to complete an environmental site assessment of the subject site. A user may include, without limitation, a potential purchaser of the subject site, a potential tenant of the subject site, an owner of the subject site, a lender, or a property manager.

Recognized Environmental Condition (REC): In defining a standard of good commercial and customary practice for conducting an environmental site assessment of a parcel of property, the goal of the processes established by this practice is to identify recognized environmental conditions. The term recognized environmental conditions means the presence or likely presence of any hazardous substances or petroleum products in, on, or at a property: 1) due to any release to the environment; 2) under conditions indicative of a release to the environment; or 3) under conditions that pose a material threat of a future release to the environment. De minimis conditions are not recognized environmental conditions.

Controlled Recognized Environmental Condition (CREC): A recognized environmental condition resulting from a past release of hazardous substances or petroleum products that has been addressed to the satisfaction of the applicable regulatory authority (for example, as evidenced by the issuance of a no further action letter or equivalent, or meeting risk-based criteria established by regulatory authority), with hazardous substances or petroleum products allowed to remain in place subject to the implementation of required controls (for example, property use restrictions, activity and use limitations, institutional controls, or engineering controls). For example, if a leaking underground storage tank has been cleaned up to a commercial use standard, but does not meet unrestricted residential cleanup criteria, this would be considered a CREC. The “control” is represented by the restriction that the property use remain commercial. A condition considered by the environmental professional to be a CREC shall be listed in the findings section of the Phase I ESA report and as an REC in the conclusions section. A condition identified as a CREC does not imply that the environmental professional has evaluated or confirmed the adequacy, implementation, or continued effectiveness of the required control that has been, or is intended to be, implemented.

Historical Recognized Environmental Condition (HREC): A past release of any hazardous substances or petroleum products that has occurred in connection with the property and has been addressed to the satisfaction of the applicable regulatory authority or meeting unrestricted use criteria established by a regulatory authority, without subjecting the property to any required controls (for example, property use restrictions, activity and use limitations, institutional controls, or engineering controls). Before calling the past release an HREC, the environmental professional must determine whether the past release is an REC at the time the Phase I ESA is conducted (for example, if there has been change in the regulatory criteria).

If the EP considers the past release to be an REC at the time the Phase I ESA is conducted, the condition shall be included in the conclusions section of the report as an REC.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments Project No. 014-23100 Fresno, California Page No. 40
KRAZAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.

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014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx GLOSSARY OF TERMS (continued)
Potential Area of Concern (PAOC): A term adopted to provide an alternative designation to the REC and HREC for a range of environmental issues related to current subject site uses, historical subject site uses, or from adjacent and/or vicinity property uses. The PAOC is utilized to emphasize full disclosure and provide the User with conclusions and recommendations related to potential environmental issues in connection with the subject site based on Krazan’s professional experience in cases where official documentation or other evidence may be absent in order to identify an REC or HREC, thereby aiding the User’s considerations of environmental due diligence risk tolerance.

Migrate/migration: For the purposes of this practice, “migrate” and “migration” refer to the movement of hazardous substances or petroleum products in any form, including, for example, solid and liquid at the surface or subsurface, and vapor in the subsurface. Vapor migration in the subsurface is described in ASTM E 2600-10 guidance; however, nothing in the E 1527-21 practice should be construed to require application of the E 2600-10 standard to achieve compliance with AAI.

De minimis condition: A condition that generally does not present a threat to human health or the environment and that generally would not be the subject of an enforcement action if brought to the attention of appropriate governmental agencies. Condition determined to be de minimis conditions are not RECS or CRECs.

Data Gap: A lack of or inability to obtain information required by this practice despite good faith efforts by the Environmental Professional to gather such information. Data gaps may result from incompleteness in any of the activities required by this practice, including, but not limited to the site reconnaissance and interviews.

Data Failure: A failure to achieve the historical research objectives even after reviewing the standard historical sources that are reasonably ascertainable and likely to be useful. Data failure is one type of data gap.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments Project No. 014-23100 Fresno, California Page No. 41
KRAZAN & ASSOCIATES, INC.

With Offices Serving the Western United States
014-23100 Fresno Sr CNtr & Apts Phase I Report Final.docx GLOSSARY OF TERMS (continued)
AAI
AC
ACM
AOC
APN
AST
ASTM
AS
AUL
bgs
BTEX
CERCLA
CESQG
CFR
CMU
COCs
DEULs
DOGGR
DTSC
EC
EDR
EP
EPA
ERP
ESA
ESL
FOIA
GPR
HCCD
HMBP
HREC
HVAC
IC
LBP
LLP
LQG
LUC
LUST
MCL
µg/L
mg/kg
mg/L
MSDS
All Appropriate Inquiries
Asphalt Concrete
Asbestos-Containing Materials
Area of Concern
Assessor’s Parcel Number
Aboveground Storage Tank
American Society for Testing and Materials
Air Sparging
Activity & Use Limitations
Below Ground Surface
Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylenes
Comprehensive Environmental Response
Compensation and Liability Act
Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator
Code of Federal Regulations
Concrete Masonry Unit
Constituents of Concern
Declaration of Environmental Use Restrictions
Division of Oil, Gas & Geothermal Resources (CA)
Department of Toxic Substances Control (CA)
Engineering Control
Environmental Data Resources
Environmental Professional
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Emergency Response Plan
Environmental Site Assessment
Environmental Screening Level
Freedom of Information Act
Ground Penetrating Radar
Haines Criss-Cross Directory
Hazardous Materials Business Plan
Historical Recognized Environmental Condition
Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning
Institutional Control
Lead-Based Paint
Landowner Liability Protection
Large Quantity Generator
Land Use Control
Leaking Underground Storage Tank
Maximum Contaminant Level
Micrograms Per Liter
Milligrams Per Kilogram
Milligrams Per Liter
Material Safety Data Sheet
MTBE
MFR
ND
NFA
NPDES
NPL
O&M
PAOC
PCB
PCC
PCE
PEC
PGD
PG&E
PHCs
PID
ppb
ppm
PRG
PRP
RAP
RCRA
REC
RP
RWQCB
SBA
SFIM
SFR
SPCC
SQG
SCE
SVE
SVOC
SWRCB
TCE
TPH
TPH-D
TPH-G
TPH-MO
TS
USGS
USFWS
UST
VEC
VES
VOCs
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether
Multi-Family Residential
Nondetectable
No Further Action (letter)
National Pollution Discharge Elimination System
National Priorities List
Operations & Maintenance Plan
Potential Area of Concern
Polychlorinated Biphenyl
Portland Cement Concrete
Perchloroethylene
Potential Environmental Concern (TS)
Polk Guide Directory
Pacific Gas & Electric
Petroleum Hydrocarbon Constituents
Photoionization Detector
Parts Per Billion
Parts Per Million
Preliminary Remediation Goal
Potentially Responsible Party
Remedial Action Plan
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Recognized Environmental Condition
Responsible Party
Regional Water Quality Control Board (CA)
Small Business Administration
Sanborn Historical Fire Insurance Map
Single-Family Residential
Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan
Small Quantity Generator
Southern California Edison
Soil Vapor Extraction
Semi-Volatile Organic Compound
State Water Resources Control Board
Trichloroethylene
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons as Diesel
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons as Gasoline
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons as Motor Oil
Transaction Screen
United States Geological Survey
United States Fish & Wildlife Service
Underground Storage Tank
Vapor Encroachment Condition
Vapor Encroachment Screening
Volatile Organic Compounds
Esri Community Maps Contributors, City Of Fresno, Fresno County Dept. PWP, California State Parks, Esri, TomTom, Garmin, SafeGraph, GeoTechnologies, Inc, METI/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS, US Census Bureau, USDA, USFWS Date:

July 2024
Approved By:

LB
Figure No:
1 Scale:
1" = 1,500'
Drawn By:

DD
Project No:
014-23100

VICINITY MAP
Fresno Senior Center and Apartments
4323, 4333, and 4343
North Blackstone Avenue
APNs 426-253-17 and -19 (5.46 acres)
Fresno, California 93726
W Twain Ave
Fig Garden
Village
Shopping
Center
N
M
aroa
Ave
N
W
ishon
Ave
N
D
elM
arAve
E Santa Ana Ave
N
Van
N
ess
Blvd
E Rialto Ave
N
SunsetAve
N
H
arrison
Ave
N
C
ollege
Ave
N
W
ilson
Ave
E Holland Ave
N
ArthurAve
E Swift Ave
E Alam os Ave
E Buckingham Way
E Ham pton Way
E Fair m ont Ave
W Shaw Av e
E Ashlan Ave
Wawona K-8
School

OLD FIG
GARDEN
Herndon Canal
N
W
ishon
AveE Dakota Av e E Dakota Ave
N
Van
N
ess
Blvd
N W
ilson
Ave
N
Jam
es
Ln
E Gar land Ave
E Fedor a Ave
N
Jeanne
Ave
N
D
elM
arAve
E Dayton Ave
E Gr iffith Way
E Saginaw Way
N Santa Fe Ave
E Sussex Way
E Pontiac Way
N
Palm
Ave
Fort Miller
Middle School
N
Blackstone
Ave
E Shaw Ave
N
Effie
St
N
Effie
St
N
Effie
St
N Fresno
St
N
Fresno
St
N
Fresno
St
E Rialto Ave
N
O
rchard
St
E Nor wich Ave
N
Angus
St
N
Augusta
St
N
Augusta
St
E Indianapolis Ave
E S ant a Ana Ave
E Swift Ave
E Austin Way
E Willis Ave
E Shaw Ave
E Ashlan Ave
N
Blackstone
Ave
W Shaw Ave
41 Fashion Fair
Goul d CanalE Gr iffith Way E Gr iffith Way
E Dakota Ave
N
Fresno
St
N
Fresno
St
E Fedora Ave
E Saginaw Way
E Gar land Ave
N
M
ariposa
St
N
O
rchard
St
Manchester
Beauty College
E Ashlan Ave
E Gettysbur g Ave
N
1stSt
E Rialto Av e
N
5th
StE Acacia Ave
E Holland Ave
N
4th
St
E Swift Ave
E Austin Way
E Ashlan Ave
N
1stSt
Piaget
Discovery
School
Gould Can al
N
M
illbrook
Ave
N
1stSt
E Farri n Ave
N
1stSt
Einstein Park
LEGEND
Subject Site Boundary
0 1,500 3,000750
US Feet
¯
Maxar
Date:

July 2024
Approved By:

LB
Figure No:
2 Scale:

NTS
Drawn By:

DD
Project No:
014-23100

PARCEL MAP
Fresno Senior Center and Apartments
4323, 4333, and 4343
North Blackstone Avenue
APNs 426-253-17 and -19 (5.46 acres)
Fresno, California 93726
LEGEND
Subject Site Boundary

SITE MAP
4323, 4333, and 4343
North Blackstone Avenue
APNs 426-253-17 and -19 (5.46 acres)
Fresno, California 93726
Scale:

Drawn By:

Project No:

Date:

Approved By:

Figure No.:
1" = 175'
DD
014-23100
July 2024
LB
3 Fresno Senior Center and Apartments
N
G
lenn
Ave
E Richer t Ave
E Holland Ave
N
G
lenn
Ave
E Swift Ave
E Austin Way
N
Blackstone
Ave
N
Blackstone
Ave
E Holland Ave
N
Blackstone
Ave
N
Blackstone
Ave
Vons
In-N-Out Burger
E Swift Ave
N
Blackstone
Ave
N
Blackstone
Ave
Motel 6 Fresno -
Blackstone
North
The Church In
Fresno
LEGEND
Subject Site Boundary
0 175 35087.5
US Feet
¯
Vacant
Multi-Tenant Building
North Blackstone Avenue
East Swift Avenue
East Holland Avenue
Fresno Metropolitan
Flood Control District
Red Carpet
Car Wash and Quick Lube
Residential
Sherwin Williams
Paint Store
Security
Public Storage
Motel 6
In-N-Out
Restaurant
Economy Inn
4-Wheel Parts
Tacos TJ
Restaurant
Commercial Ramos
Furniture
FOB
Restaurant
4270
Kelley's Paint Store
Community
Consignment & Resale
Serrano's
Furniture
White Pine Lumber
Headliner Auto Parts
Fresno Rage Room
Residential Church
North Glenn Avenue
Contreraz
Smog & Auto-Repair
Photo 1: View north of the eastern portion of the subject site. Blackstone Avenue is at right in the photo.

Photo 2: View south-southwest across the vacant portion of the site toward the multi-tenant buildings.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments
4323, 4333, and 4343 North Blackstone Avenue
APNs 426-253-17 and -19 (5.46 acres)
Fresno, California 93726
Project No. 014-23100
Date: July 2024
Approved by: LB

SITE DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERS
Offices Serving the Western United States

Photo 3: View southwest of O’Reilly Auto Parts.

Photo 4: Interior view of the O’Reilly Auto parts retail salesfloor area.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments
4323, 4333, and 4343 North Blackstone Avenue
APNs 426-253-17 and -19 (5.46 acres)
Fresno, California 93726
Project No. 014-23100
Date: July 2024
Approved by: LB SITE DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERS
Offices Serving the Western United States

Photo 5: View of the used oil collection bin in the warehouse of O’Reilly’s Auto Parts.

Photo 6: Labels on the used oil collection bin.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments
4323, 4333, and 4343 North Blackstone Avenue
APNs 426-253-17 and -19 (5.46 acres)
Fresno, California 93726
Project No. 014-23100
Date: July 2024
Approved by: LB

SITE DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERS
Offices Serving the Western United States

Photo 7: View of the 55-gallon drums in the warehouse of O’Reilly Auto Parts.

Photo 8: View of the 5-gallon containers on the hazardous materials storage shelf in the warehouse of O’Reilly Auto Parts.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments
4323, 4333, and 4343 North Blackstone Avenue
APNs 426-253-17 and -19 (5.46 acres)
Fresno, California 93726
Project No. 014-23100
Date: July 2024
Approved by: LB

SITE DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERS
Offices Serving the Western United States

Photo 9: View southwest of The Camp Transformation Center.

Photo 10: View of the western portion of the multi-tenant building.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments
4323, 4333, and 4343 North Blackstone Avenue
APNs 426-253-17 and -19 (5.46 acres)
Fresno, California 93726
Project No. 014-23100
Date: July 2024
Approved by: LB

SITE DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERS
Offices Serving the Western United States

Photo 11: View east of the waste collection bin and recycle bins stored adjacent to the multi- tenant building (building in rear).

Photo 12: View of the pad-mounted transformer adjacent to the multi-tenant building.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments
4323, 4333, and 4343 North Blackstone Avenue
APNs 426-253-17 and -19 (5.46 acres)
Fresno, California 93726
Project No. 014-23100
Date: July 2024
Approved by: LB

SITE DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERS
Offices Serving the Western United States

Photo 13: View northwest from the southeastern vacant portion of the subject site.

Photo 14: View southwest from the northeastern corner of the subject site.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments
4323, 4333, and 4343 North Blackstone Avenue
APNs 426-253-17 and -19 (5.46 acres)
Fresno, California 93726
Project No. 014-23100
Date: July 2024
Approved by: LB

SITE DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERS
Offices Serving the Western United States

Photo 15: View southeast from the northwestern corner of the subject site. The multi-tenant building is visible in the rear of the photo.

Photo 16: View east along the northern boundary of the subject site. East Holland Avenue is at left in the photo.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments
4323, 4333, and 4343 North Blackstone Avenue
APNs 426-253-17 and -19 (5.46 acres)
Fresno, California 93726
Project No. 014-23100
Date: July 2024
Approved by: LB

SITE DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERS
Offices Serving the Western United States

Photo 17: View north along the western boundary of the subject site.

Photo 18: View north of the parking lot located in the southwestern portion of the subject site.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments
4323, 4333, and 4343 North Blackstone Avenue
APNs 426-253-17 and -19 (5.46 acres)
Fresno, California 93726
Project No. 014-23100
Date: July 2024
Approved by: LB

SITE DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERS
Offices Serving the Western United States

Photo 19: View north across East Holland Avenue of theCity of Fresno Stormwater Retention Basin.

Photo 20: View northeast across North Blackstone Avenue of the retail and commercial businesses.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments
4323, 4333, and 4343 North Blackstone Avenue
APNs 426-253-17 and -19 (5.46 acres)
Fresno, California 93726
Project No. 014-23100
Date: July 2024
Approved by: LB

SITE DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERS
Offices Serving the Western United States

Photo 21: View northeast of the rear of the multi-tenant buildings, the Tacos y Mariscos Tijuana restaurant and parking lot.

Photo 22: View west along East Swift Avenue of the single-family residences.

Fresno Senior Center and Apartments
4323, 4333, and 4343 North Blackstone Avenue
APNs 426-253-17 and -19 (5.46 acres)
Fresno, California 93726
Project No. 014-23100
Date: July 2024
Approved by: LB SITE DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERS
Offices Serving the Western United States

Certified Sanborn® Map Report
Inquiry Number:
6 Armstrong Road, 4th floor
Shelton, CT 06484
Toll Free: 800.352.0050
www.edrnet.com
Multi-Tenant Building and Grocery Store
4323. 4333. 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
Fresno, CA 93704
August 25, 2023
7427381.3
Certified Sanborn® Map Report
Certified Sanborn Results:

Disclaimer - Copyright and Trademark Notice
EDR and its logos (including Sanborn and Sanborn Map) are trademarks of Environmental Data Resources, LLC or its affiliates. All other trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners.
page-
The Sanborn Library includes more than 1.2 million
fire insurance maps from Sanborn, Bromley, Perris &
Browne, Hopkins, Barlow and others which track
historical property usage in approximately 12,000
American cities and towns. Collections searched:

Library of Congress
University Publications of America
EDR Private Collection
The Sanborn Library LLC Since 1866™
Limited Permission To Make Copies
Sanborn® Library search results
Contact:EDR Inquiry #
Site Name: Client Name:

Certification #
PO #
Project
08/25/23
4323. 4333. 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
Multi-Tenant Building and Grocery Store
Krazan & Associates, Inc.
215 West Dakota
Fresno, CA 93704
7427381.3
Clovis, CA 93612
Laurie K Blakeman
The Sanborn Library has been searched by EDR and maps covering the target property location as provided by Krazan & Associates, Inc. were identified for the years listed below. The Sanborn Library is the largest, most complete collection of fire insurance maps. The collection includes maps from Sanborn, Bromley, Perris & Browne, Hopkins, Barlow, and others. Only Environmental Data Resources Inc. (EDR) is authorized to grant rights for commercial reproduction of maps by the Sanborn Library LLC, the copyright holder for the collection. Results can be authenticated by visiting www.edrnet.com/sanborn.

The Sanborn Library is continually enhanced with newly identified map archives. This report accesses all maps in the collection as of the day this report was generated.
1717-4E11-A2A0
014-23100

UNMAPPED PROPERTY
Multi-tenant and Grocery
This report certifies that the complete holdings of the Sanborn Library, LLC collection have been searched based on client supplied target property information, and fire insurance maps covering the target property were not found.

Certification #: 1717-4E11-A2A0
Krazan & Associates, Inc. (the client) is permitted to make up to FIVE photocopies of this Sanborn Map transmittal and each fire insurance map accompanying this report solely for the limited use of its customer. No one other than the client is authorized to make copies. Upon request made directly to an EDR Account Executive, the client may be permitted to make a limited number of additional photocopies. This permission is conditioned upon compliance by the client, its customer and their agents with EDR's copyright policy; a copy of which is available upon request.

This Report contains certain information obtained from a variety of public and other sources reasonably available to Environmental Data Resources, LLC. It cannot be concluded from this Report that coverage information for the target and surrounding properties does not exist from other sources. This Report is provided on an “AS IS”, “AS AVAILABLE” basis. NO WARRANTY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED IS MADE WHATSOEVER IN CONNECTION WITH THIS REPORT.

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA RESOURCES, LLC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES, AFFILIATES AND THIRD PARTY SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, OF ANY

KIND OR NATURE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS REPORT OR ANY OF THE DATA AND INFORMATION PROVIDED IN

THIS REPORT, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES REGARDING ACCURACY, QUALITY, CORRECTNESS, COMPLETENESS,

COMPREHENSIVENESS, SUITABILITY, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MISAPPROPRIATION, OR OTHERWISE. ALL RISK IS ASSUMED BY THE USER. IN NO EVENT SHALL ENVIRONMENTAL DATA RESOURCES, LLC OR ITS

SUBSIDIARIES, AFFILIATES OR THIRD PARTY SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE TO ANYONE FOR ANY DIRECT, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL,

CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES OF ANY TYPE OR KIND (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF USE, OR LOSS OF DATA), ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY CONNECTED WITH THIS REPORT OR ANY OF THE DATA AND INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS REPORT.

Any analyses, estimates, ratings, environmental risk levels, or risk codes provided in this Report are provided for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended to provide, nor should they be interpreted as providing any facts regarding, or prediction or forecast of, any environmental risk for any property. Only an assessment performed by a qualified environmental professional can provide findings, opinions or conclusions regarding the environmental risk or conditions in, on or at any property.

Copyright 2023 by Environmental Data Resources, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in any media or format, in whole or in part, of any report or map of Environmental Data Resources, Inc., or its affiliates, is prohibited without prior written permission. 7427381
3 2
EDR Historical Topo Map Report
Inquiry Number:
6 Armstrong Road, 4th floor
Shelton, CT 06484
Toll Free: 800.352.0050
www.edrnet.com
with QuadMatch™
Multi-Tenant Building and Grocery Store
4323. 4333. 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
Fresno, CA 93704
August 25, 2023
7427381.4
EDR Historical Topo Map Report
EDR Inquiry #
Search Results:

P.O.#
Project:

Maps Provided:

Disclaimer - Copyright and Trademark Notice
EDR and its logos (including Sanborn and Sanborn Map) are trademarks of Environmental Data Resources, LLC or its affiliates. All other trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners.
page-
Coordinates:

Latitude:

Longitude:

UTM Zone:

UTM X Meters:

UTM Y Meters:

Elevation:

Contact:

Site Name: Client Name:
2018
2015
2012
1981
1972
1965
1947
1946
1923
1921
08/25/23
Multi-Tenant Building and Grocery Store
Krazan & Associates, Inc.
4323. 4333. 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
215 West Dakota
Fresno, CA 93704
Clovis, CA 93612
7427381.4
Laurie K Blakeman
EDR Topographic Map Library has been searched by EDR and maps covering the target property location as provided by Krazan & Associates, Inc. were identified for the years listed below. EDR’s Historical Topo Map Report is designed to assist professionals in evaluating potential liability on a target property resulting from past activities. EDRs Historical Topo Map Report includes a search of a collection of public and private color historical topographic maps, dating back to the late 1800s.
014-23100

36.796981 36° 47' 49" North
Multi-tenant and Grocery
-119.79138 -119° 47' 29" West
Zone 11 North
250947.15
4075986.74
313.00' above sea level
This Report contains certain information obtained from a variety of public and other sources reasonably available to Environmental Data Resources, LLC. It cannot be concluded from this Report that coverage information for the target and surrounding properties does not exist from other sources. This Report is provided on an “AS IS”, “AS AVAILABLE” basis. NO WARRANTY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED IS MADE WHATSOEVER IN CONNECTION WITH THIS REPORT.

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA RESOURCES, LLC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES, AFFILIATES AND THIRD PARTY SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, OF ANY

KIND OR NATURE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS REPORT OR ANY OF THE DATA AND INFORMATION PROVIDED IN

THIS REPORT, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES REGARDING ACCURACY, QUALITY, CORRECTNESS, COMPLETENESS,

COMPREHENSIVENESS, SUITABILITY, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MISAPPROPRIATION, OR OTHERWISE. ALL RISK IS ASSUMED BY THE USER. IN NO EVENT SHALL ENVIRONMENTAL DATA RESOURCES, LLC OR ITS

SUBSIDIARIES, AFFILIATES OR THIRD PARTY SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE TO ANYONE FOR ANY DIRECT, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL,

CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES OF ANY TYPE OR KIND (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF USE, OR LOSS OF DATA), ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY CONNECTED WITH THIS REPORT OR ANY OF THE DATA AND INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS REPORT.

Any analyses, estimates, ratings, environmental risk levels, or risk codes provided in this Report are provided for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended to provide, nor should they be interpreted as providing any facts regarding, or prediction or forecast of, any environmental risk for any property. Only an assessment performed by a qualified environmental professional can provide findings, opinions or conclusions regarding the environmental risk or conditions in, on or at any property.

Copyright 2023 by Environmental Data Resources, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in any media or format, in whole or in part, of any report or map of Environmental Data Resources, Inc., or its affiliates, is prohibited without prior written permission. 7427381
4 2
page
Topo Sheet Key
This EDR Topo Map Report is based upon the following USGS topographic map sheets. -
2018 Source Sheets
2018
Fresno North

7.5-minute, 24000
2015 Source Sheets
2015
Fresno North

7.5-minute, 24000
2012 Source Sheets
2012
Fresno North

7.5-minute, 24000
1981 Source Sheets
1981
Fresno North

7.5-minute, 24000
Aerial Photo Revised 1978
7427381
4 3
page
Topo Sheet Key
This EDR Topo Map Report is based upon the following USGS topographic map sheets. -
1972 Source Sheets
1972
Fresno North

7.5-minute, 24000
Aerial Photo Revised 1972
1965 Source Sheets
1965
Fresno North

7.5-minute, 24000
Aerial Photo Revised 1962
1947 Source Sheets
1947
Fresno North

7.5-minute, 24000
1946 Source Sheets
1946
Fresno North

7.5-minute, 24000
7427381
4 4
page
Topo Sheet Key
This EDR Topo Map Report is based upon the following USGS topographic map sheets. -
1923 Source Sheets
1923
Bullard

7.5-minute, 31680
1921 Source Sheets
1921
Bullard

7.5-minute, 31680
7427381
4 5
Historical Topo Map
page
SITE NAME:

ADDRESS:

CLIENT:

This report includes information from the
following map sheet(s).
-
EW

SW S SE

NW N NE
2018
0 Miles

0.25 0.5
1 1.5
Multi-Tenant Building and Grocery Store
4323. 4333. 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
Fresno, CA 93704
Krazan & Associates, Inc.

TP, Fresno North, 2018, 7.5-minute
7427381
4 6

Historical Topo Map
page
SITE NAME:

ADDRESS:

CLIENT:

This report includes information from the
following map sheet(s).
-
EW

SW S SE

NW N NE
2015
0 Miles

0.25 0.5
1 1.5
Multi-Tenant Building and Grocery Store
4323. 4333. 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
Fresno, CA 93704
Krazan & Associates, Inc.

TP, Fresno North, 2015, 7.5-minute
7427381
4 7

Historical Topo Map
page
SITE NAME:

ADDRESS:

CLIENT:

This report includes information from the
following map sheet(s).
-
EW

SW S SE

NW N NE
2012
0 Miles

0.25 0.5
1 1.5
Multi-Tenant Building and Grocery Store
4323. 4333. 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
Fresno, CA 93704
Krazan & Associates, Inc.

TP, Fresno North, 2012, 7.5-minute
7427381
4 8

Historical Topo Map
page
SITE NAME:

ADDRESS:

CLIENT:

This report includes information from the
following map sheet(s).
-
EW

SW S SE

NW N NE
1981
0 Miles

0.25 0.5
1 1.5
Multi-Tenant Building and Grocery Store
4323. 4333. 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
Fresno, CA 93704
Krazan & Associates, Inc.

TP, Fresno North, 1981, 7.5-minute
7427381
4 9

Historical Topo Map
page
SITE NAME:

ADDRESS:

CLIENT:

This report includes information from the
following map sheet(s).
-
EW

SW S SE

NW N NE
1972
0 Miles

0.25 0.5
1 1.5
Multi-Tenant Building and Grocery Store
4323. 4333. 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
Fresno, CA 93704
Krazan & Associates, Inc.

TP, Fresno North, 1972, 7.5-minute
7427381
4 10

Historical Topo Map
page
SITE NAME:

ADDRESS:

CLIENT:

This report includes information from the
following map sheet(s).
-
EW

SW S SE

NW N NE
1965
0 Miles

0.25 0.5
1 1.5
Multi-Tenant Building and Grocery Store
4323. 4333. 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
Fresno, CA 93704
Krazan & Associates, Inc.

TP, Fresno North, 1965, 7.5-minute
7427381
4 11

Historical Topo Map
page
SITE NAME:

ADDRESS:

CLIENT:

This report includes information from the
following map sheet(s).
-
EW

SW S SE

NW N NE
1947
0 Miles

0.25 0.5
1 1.5
Multi-Tenant Building and Grocery Store
4323. 4333. 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
Fresno, CA 93704
Krazan & Associates, Inc.

TP, Fresno North, 1947, 7.5-minute
7427381
4 12

Historical Topo Map
page
SITE NAME:

ADDRESS:

CLIENT:

This report includes information from the
following map sheet(s).
-
EW

SW S SE

NW N NE
1946
0 Miles

0.25 0.5
1 1.5
Multi-Tenant Building and Grocery Store
4323. 4333. 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
Fresno, CA 93704
Krazan & Associates, Inc.

TP, Fresno North, 1946, 7.5-minute
7427381
4 13

Historical Topo Map
page
SITE NAME:

ADDRESS:

CLIENT:

This report includes information from the
following map sheet(s).
-
EW

SW S SE

NW N NE
1923
0 Miles

0.25 0.5
1 1.5
Multi-Tenant Building and Grocery Store
4323. 4333. 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
Fresno, CA 93704
Krazan & Associates, Inc.

TP, Bullard, 1923, 7.5-minute
7427381
4 14

Historical Topo Map
page
SITE NAME:

ADDRESS:

CLIENT:

This report includes information from the
following map sheet(s).
-
EW

SW S SE

NW N NE
1921
0 Miles

0.25 0.5
1 1.5
Multi-Tenant Building and Grocery Store
4323. 4333. 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
Fresno, CA 93704
Krazan & Associates, Inc.

TP, Bullard, 1921, 7.5-minute
7427381
4 15

Multi-Tenant Building and Grocery Store
4323. 4333. 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
Fresno, CA 93704
Inquiry Number: 7427381.5
August 28, 2023
The EDR-City Directory Abstract
6 Armstrong Road
Shelton, CT 06484
800.352.0050
www.edrnet.comEnvironmental Data Resources IncEnvironmental Data Resources IncEnvironmental Data Resources IncEnvironmental Data Resources Inc

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION
Executive Summary
Findings
City Directory Images
Thank you for your business.

Please contact EDR at 1-800-352-0050
with any questions or comments.

Disclaimer - Copyright and Trademark Notice
This Report contains certain information obtained from a variety of public and other sources reasonably available to Environmental Data Resources, LLC. It cannot be concluded from this Report that coverage information for the target and surrounding properties does not exist from other sources. This Report is provided on an “AS IS”, “AS AVAILABLE” basis. NO WARRANTY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED IS MADE WHATSOEVER IN CONNECTION WITH THIS REPORT. ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

RESOURCES, LLC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES, AFFILIATES AND THIRD PARTY SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, OF

ANY KIND OR NATURE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS REPORT OR ANY OF THE DATA AND

INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS REPORT, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES REGARDING

ACCURACY, QUALITY, CORRECTNESS, COMPLETENESS, COMPREHENSIVENESS, SUITABILITY, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MISAPPROPRIATION, OR OTHERWISE. ALL RISK IS ASSUMED BY THE USER. IN NO EVENT SHALL ENVIRONMENTAL DATA RESOURCES, LLC OR ITS SUBSIDIARIES,

AFFILIATES OR THIRD PARTY SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE TO ANYONE FOR ANY DIRECT, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL,

CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES OF ANY TYPE OR KIND (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF PROFITS,

LOSS OF USE, OR LOSS OF DATA), ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY CONNECTED WITH THIS REPORT OR ANY OF THE DATA AND INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS REPORT. Any analyses, estimates, ratings, environmental risk levels, or risk codes provided in this Report are provided for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended to provide, nor should they be interpreted as providing any facts regarding, or prediction or forecast of, any environmental risk for any property. Only an assessment performed by a qualified environmental professional can provide findings, opinions or conclusions regarding the environmental risk or conditions in, on or at any property.

Copyright 2023 by Environmental Data Resources, LLC. All rights reserved. Reproduction in any media or format, in whole or in part, of any report or map of Environmental Data Resources, LLC, or its affiliates, is prohibited without prior written permission.

EDR and its logos (including Sanborn and Sanborn Map) are trademarks of Environmental Data Resources, LLC or its affiliates.

All other trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

DESCRIPTION
Environmental Data Resources, Inc.’s (EDR) City Directory Abstract is a screening tool designed to assist environmental professionals in evaluating potential liability on a target property resulting from past activities.

EDR’s City Directory Abstract includes a search and abstract of available city directory data. For each address, the directory lists the name of the corresponding occupant at approximately five year intervals.

Business directories including city, cross reference and telephone directories were reviewed, if available, at approximately five year intervals for the years spanning 1922 through current. This report compiles information gathered in this review by geocoding the latitude and longitude of properties identified and gathering information about properties within 660 feet of the target property.

Summary information obtained is provided in the text of this report.

RECORD SOURCES
The EDR City Directory Report accesses a variety of business directory sources, including Haines, InfoUSA, Po lk,Cole, Bresser, and Stewart. Listings marked as EDR Digital Archive access Cole and InfoUSA records.

The various directory sources enhance and complement each other to provide a more thorough and accurate report.

EDR is licensed to reproduce certain City Directory works by the copyright holders of those works. The purchaser of this EDR City Directory Report may include it in report(s) delivered to a customer.

RESEARCH SUMMARY
The following research sources were consulted in the preparation of this report. An "X" indicates where information was identified in the source and provided in this report.

Source TPYear Adjoining Text Abstract Source Image
2020 EDR Digital Archive - X X -
EDR Digital Archive X X X -
2017 Cole Information - X X -
Cole Information X X X -
2014 Cole Information - X X -
Cole Information X X X -
2010 Cole Information - X X -
Cole Information X X X -
2005 Cole Information - X X -
Cole Information X X X -
2002 R.L. Polk & Co Publishers - X X -
R.L. Polk & Co Publishers X X X -
2000 Cole Information - X X -
Cole Information X X X -
1996 R.L. Polk & Co Publishers - X X -
R.L. Polk & Co Publishers X X X -
7427381-5 Page 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Source TPYear Adjoining Text Abstract Source Image
1995 Cole Information - X X -
Cole Information X X X -
1992 Cole Information - X X -
Cole Information X X X -
1990 R.L. Polk & Co Publishers - X X -
R.L. Polk & Co Publishers X X X -
1986 R.L. Polk & Co Publishers - X X -
R.L. Polk & Co Publishers X X X -
1980 R.L. Polk & Co Publishers - X X -
R.L. Polk & Co Publishers X X X -
1975 R.L. Polk & Co Publishers - X X -
R.L. Polk & Co Publishers X X X -
1970 R.L. Polk & Co Publisher - X X -
R.L. Polk & Co Publisher X X X -
1965 R.L. Polk & Co Publisher - X X -
R.L. Polk & Co Publisher X X X -
1962 Pacific Telephone - X X -
Pacific Telephone X X X -
1958 R.L. Polk & Co Publishers - X X -
1952 R.L. Polk & Co Publishers - X X -
1947 R.L. Polk & Co Publishers - - - -
1942 R.L. Polk & Co Publishers - - - -
1937 R.L. Polk & Co Publishers - - - -
1932 R.L. Polk & Co Publishers - - - -
1927 Cole Information - - - -
1922 Polk-Husted Directory Co. - - - -
7427381-5 Page 2

FINDINGS

TARGET PROPERTY INFORMATION

ADDRESS
4323. 4333. 4343 N. Blackstone Avenue
Fresno, CA 93704

FINDINGS DETAIL
T arget Property research detail.

BLACKSTONE
4323 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Grand Auto Store repr & parts lsi R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1975 Vaughns At Sather Gate R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Uncle Johns Family Restaurant restr R.L. Polk & Co Publisher 1965 UNCLE JOHNS GIFT SHOP R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
UNCLE JOHNS PANCAKE HOUSE RESTRR.L. Polk & Co Publisher 4333 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 San Joaquin Veterinary Clinic R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1975 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Continental Service Center auto repr R.L. Polk & Co Publisher 4343 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Continental Market gro R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Continental Markets R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Continental Market gro R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 CCONTINENTAL MARKET GRO R.L. Polk & Co Publisher

BLACKSTONE AVE
4323 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 B GLOBAL TRANSMISSION R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 3
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
2002 KRAGEN AUTO PARTS auto parts & supl retail
new
R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
transmissions auto R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1996 GRAND AUTO STORES R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
GRAND AUTO SUPPLY R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Grand Auto Store repr & parts sis R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1980 Grand Auto R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1962 Uncle Johns Pancake Hse restr B Pacific Telephone
4333 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 HOSP veterinarians R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
MC INTYRE KRISTIN DVM veterinariansR.L. Polk & Co Publishers SAN JOAQUIN VETERINARY R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1996 Gentzler Ronald P R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
SAN JOAQUIN R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Satow ski Michal J R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Stocks K E R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
VETERINARY CLINIC R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Waterhouse Cheryl R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 San Joaquin Veterinary Clinic R.L. Polk & Co Publishers Shahbazian Gary K veterianarian R.L. Polk & Co Publishers Stocks Kenneth E veterinarian R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 4343 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 VONS CO grocers retail I R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1990 Continental Market gro R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Continental Markets gro R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1962 Continental Mkt gro B Pacific Telephone
7427381-5 Page 4
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS

N BLACKSTONE AVE
4323 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 O'REILLY AUTO PARTS EDR Digital Archive
2017 OREILLY AUTO PARTS Cole Information
2014 OREILLY AUTO PARTS Cole Information
2010 KRAGEN AUTO PARTS Cole Information
2005 A & J AUTO REPAIR Cole Information
2000 GRAND AUTO SUPPLY Cole Information
1995 GRAND AUTO STORES Cole Information
1992 GRAND AUTO STORE Cole Information
4333 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 HANSEN AMY E DVM EDR Digital Archive
KENNETH STOCKS EDR Digital Archive
SAN JOAQUIN VETERINARY HOSP EDR Digital Archive
SANDRA STOCKS EDR Digital Archive
2017 AUBREY ALFARO DVM Cole Information
KENNETH D STOCKS DVM Cole Information
SAN JOAQUIN VETERINARY HOSPITALCole Information
2014 ALFARO AUBREY DVM Cole Information
SAN JOAQUIN VETERINARY HOSPITALCole Information
STOCKS KEN E DVM Cole Information
STOCKS KENNETH D DVM Cole Information
2010 SAN JOAQUIN VETERINARY HOSP Cole Information
2005 KRIS DAILE Y DVM Cole Information
SAN JOAQUIN VETERINARY HOSPITAL INCCole Information
STOCKS KENNETH D DVM Cole Information
2000 SAN JOAQUIN VETERINARY HOSPITALCole Information

STOCKS KENNETH E DVM SAN JAOQUIN

VETERINARY HOSPITAL
Cole Information
1995 CHERYL WATERHOUSE DVM Cole Information
K E STOCKS DVM Cole Information
7427381-5 Page 5
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1995 MICHALENA SATOWSKI DVM Cole Information
SAN JOAQUIN VETERINARY CLINIC Cole Information
1992 SATOWSKI M J DVM Cole Information
4343 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 CLASSY CLEANERS & SVC EDR Digital Archive
2017 ASIA SUPERMARKET Cole Information
REDBOX Cole Information
2010 VONS Cole Information
2005 VONS FOOD & DRUG Cole Information
VONS PHARMACY # 2189 Cole Information
2000 VONS MARKETS Cole Information
WELLS FARGO BANK BRANCH OFFICESCole Information
7427381-5 Page 6

FINDINGS

ADJOINING PROPERTY DETAIL
The following Adjoining Property addresses were researched for this report. Detailed findings are provided for each address.

BLACKSTONE
4270 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Office Building R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Building R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Rooms R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Bank Of Fresno Admn R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
No Return R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Dipinto & Wood cpas R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Duchesne Donald L acct R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Genesis Concept Inc prenatal class R.L. Polk & Co Publishers Womack Robt M acct R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
United Way Of Fresno County R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Moore James real est appraiser R.L. Polk & Co Publishers Ellis & Thomason Construction Co R.L. Polk & Co Publishers Kevorkian Geo acct R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
State Farm Insurance R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Ellis & Thomason Construction Co Ofc R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1975 Office Building Wells Fargo Bank R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1970 Office Building R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Wells Fargo Bank Blackstone Ashlan Br R.L. Polk & Co Publisher Karls Realty R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Takikaw a & Krause accts R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Transport Idemnity ins geni R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Duchesne Donald L acct R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Womack Robt M acct R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Western Appraisers appraisal serv R.L. Polk & Co Publisher Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
7427381-5 Page 7
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1970 Five Star Reality R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Glenndon Co ins R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Jefferson Nati Life Ins Co R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Kevorkian Geo acct R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Levey Sydney A Jr acct R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Willeford Milton E acct R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Security Mutual Life ins agts R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 WESTERN APPRAISERS APPRAISAL SERVR.L. Polk & Co Publisher 4280 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Car row s Restaurant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Carrow s Restaurant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4285 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Nevada Bobs Golf & Tennis sport equipmentR.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1975 Kaliedw cope gift shop R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Rhines Ira C Used Appliance sis & serv R.L. Polk & Co Publisher 1965 HEGG MUSIC CENTER ORGANS & PIANOSR.L. Polk & Co Publisher 4290 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Hyatt Lodge Fresno motel R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1975 Hyatt R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Hyatt Lodge R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Buehler Glen R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 HYATT CHALET MOTEL R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
BUEHLER GLEN R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
4295 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Kragen Auto Parts R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 8
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1975 A & B Auto R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Upholstery City complete uphol w k R.L. Polk & Co Publisher 1965 VACANT R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
4302 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1970 Independent Sheet Metal R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 VACANT R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
4304 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1975 Sw inging Door R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Kelley Chuck R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 BERTHAS SLEEP SHOP R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
4308 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1965 SANOIAN ADOLPH R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
4313 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Loves Restaurant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Loves Family Restr R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4314 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1975 Continental Marble Co R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Bess Antiques hydracal statues R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1970 Evas Objects Of Art cermic products R.L. Polk & Co Publisher 1965 FRESNO SCREEN CO MFRS R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
4324 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1970 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 FORTY ONE SURPLUS SALES GENL MDSER.L. Polk & Co Publisher 7427381-5 Page 9
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
4326 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Super Shop Inc auto parts R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1975 Pop Shoppe The bottlers R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4327 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Sunset Shutters R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4329 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Dollar Cleaners R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Dollar Cleaners J Mv S Enterprises R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 4331 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Heritage P roducts R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4344 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 R B Furniture R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 R B Furniture R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Boat Repair R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 ALBRECHTS WELDING R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
4370 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Lucky Installations R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Michaels International Body Repairs R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1970 Sheppard Furniture Refinishing R.L. Polk & Co Publisher 1965 JERRYS AUTOMOTOVE SERVICE REPRSR.L. Polk & Co Publisher 4374 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Bobs Dive Shop Of Fresno diving equip R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1975 Beautiw ood Furniture R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Beautiw ood Furniture R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
7427381-5 Page 10
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1965 BEAUTIWOOD FURNITURE R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
4376 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Fresno Coin Gallery R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4378 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 City Auto Parts R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 City Auto Parts R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 City Auto Parts R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 CITY AUTO PARTS R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
4380 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1975 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Babcock E G Co law n mow ers R.L. Polk & Co Publisher 1965 BABCOCK E G CO LAWN MOWERS R.L. Polk & Co Publisher 4392 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 White P ine Lumber Distributor R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1975 White P ine Lumber Distributors w holR.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1970 White P ine Lumber Distributors w holR.L. Polk & Co Publisher 1965 WHITE PINE LUMBER DISTRIBUTORS WHOLR.L. Polk & Co Publisher 4411 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Red Carpet Car Wash R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Red Carpet Car Wash R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Red Carpet Car Wash R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
4414 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Ace Service Inc tire dealers R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1975 Ace Service Inc tire dealers R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 7427381-5 Page 11
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1970 Colonial Mobile P ark R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Sw ars Geo V R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Roatch John L R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 COLONIAL MOBILE PARK R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
TURNER CECIL R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
BENNETT MARY MRS R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
BOTTORFF VIOLA MRS R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
BOYD LE ROY R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
CALL LOUISE MRS R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
GIRARD WM H HANDY EDNA L MRS R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
LOWE LILLY MRS R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
ROATCH JOHN L R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
WRIGHT WM R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
4420 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Thrifty Mini Storage R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Thrifty Mini Storage London Properties LtdR.L. Polk & Co Publishers 4424 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Sherw in Williams Co paints R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 4426 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Dymonds T V & Appliances Inc R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1975 Baldw in P ianos R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4428 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1975 Audio Sales Co R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4431 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1970 Eville Animal Clinic R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Eville Thos B R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
7427381-5 Page 12
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1970 Rear Rays Mold Shop ptrn mkrs R.L. Polk & Co Publisher Rear Ault Raymond F R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 EVIL E ANIMAL CLINIC R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
EVILLE THOS E R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
REAR RAYS MOLD SHOP PTRN MKRSR.L. Polk & Co Publisher
REAR AULT RAYMOND F R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
4433 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Happy Steak The No 5 restr R.L. Polk & Co Publishers N BLACKSTONE AV Contd R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4434 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Jacobs Garage R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Jacobs Garage R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Jacobs Auto Repair R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 ZAMS AUTO REPAIR R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
4443 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1970 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 BLACKSTONE PATIO SUPPLY STONE DLRSR.L. Polk & Co Publisher DUDLE Y JOHN B R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
4444 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Catherines Stout Shoppe w omens do R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1975 Perfid R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Alibi The cocktail lounge R.L. Polk & Co Publisher 1965 ALIBI THE COCKTAIL LOUNGE R.L. Polk & Co Publisher 4448 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1970 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
7427381-5 Page 13
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
4450 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1986 Aaron Brothers Art Mart R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Super Yarn Mart R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Aaron Brothers Art Mart R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Fig Garden P oodle P arlor R.L. Polk & Co Publisher 1965 STYLETTE SALON BEAUTY SHOP R.L. Polk & Co Publisher 4452 BLACKSTONE
Year Uses Source
1975 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers

BLACKSTONE AVE
4260 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 QUIZNOS CLASSIC SUBS c restaurantsR.L. Polk & Co Publishers 4270 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 ARROW CHIROPRACTIC chiropractors dcR.L. Polk & Co Publishers Mc Manaw ay Marc L E S R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
RETIRED SENIOR VOLUNTEER R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
social serv & w elfare org R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1996 CARPENTER & ASSOC R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
CENTRAL R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
VALLEY R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
COMMERCIAL CORP R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
CENTRAL R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
VALLEY R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
RECEIVABLES MGT R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
DON L R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
DUCHESNE R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
ELLIS R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
ENTERPRISES R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 14
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1996 FIRST CALL FOR HELP R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
J D & ASSOC R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
MIKAMI & CO R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
TRAVEL AGENCY R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
PREMIUM R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
CREDIT R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
CONSULTANTS R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
STATE FARM R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
INSURANCE R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
UNITED WAY INC R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
WILLIAM MC PIKE R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Bezzerides Steve R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Costello Marlin G R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Duchesne Don L R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Mc Pike William R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Office Building R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Bank of Fresno Admn R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
State Farm Insurance cpas R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Duchesne Donald L acct R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Bank of Fresno R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
United Way of Fresno County R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Moore James real est appraiser R.L. Polk & Co Publishers Ellis & Thomason Construction Co R.L. Polk & Co Publishers Central Valley Commercial Corp collection
agcy
R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Ellis & Thomason Construction Co Ofc R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1980 Office Building Wells Fargo Bank R.L. Polk & Co Publishers International Real Estate Netw ork Toler &
Assoc
R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Wells Fargo Escrow Dept R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
State Farm Insurance R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Duchesne Donald L acct R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 15
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1980 Ford Insurance Agcy Inc The R.L. Polk & Co Publishers Three & Co Beauty & Barber Shop R.L. Polk & Co Publishers Womack Robt M acct R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Professional Research & Investment
Counselors acct
R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Sanders Robert M Real Estate R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Durbrow Robt T Iw yr R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Ellis & Thomason Construction R.L. Polk & Co Publishers Fresno Insurance Agency R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Cutler Hammer elec contr R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Kevorkian Geo acct R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
No Return R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
STREET CONTINUED R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4271 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 Thomason Colburn R IE R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4274 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 HOUSE OF JUDAH INTL churches R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1996 CALIFORNIA R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
QUALITY PRINTING R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
CENTRAL R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
OPTICAL SUPPLY R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
INDEPENDENT R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
ORDER R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
FORESTERS R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Elliott How ard M R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Building R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4280 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 CARROWS RESTAURANT restaurants R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1996 CARROWS RESTAURANTS R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 16
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1990 Carrow s Restaurant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Carrow s Restaurant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4285 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1990 Nevada Bobs Discount Golf R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1980 Valley T V R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1962 Fresno Bicycle E xch B Pacific Telephone
1958 Fresno Bicycle E xch ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Sivas Edw P R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4290 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 ECOMONY INN hotels & motels R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1996 FRESNO HYATT LODGE R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Hyatt Lodge Fresno motel R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1980 Hyatt Lodge Fresno R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1962 Certified Cesspool Co B Pacific Telephone
1958 Certified Cesspool Co R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4295 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 I GOT WOOD UNFINISHED FURN furniture
unfinished
R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
KELLY MOORE PAINT CO paint w holR.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1996 KELLY MOORE PAINT CO R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Kragen Auto Parts R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Kragen Auto Supply R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1962 Economy Transmission Center auto reprPacific Telephone 1958 Blackstone Garage Auto reprs ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers Stanovich A Used Cars ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Brow nie Muffler Co ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1952 How ard G E R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 17
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
4302 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1962 Vacant Pacific Telephone
1958 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4304 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1980 Cool Enterprises R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1962 Beautiw ood Furn unfinished B Pacific Telephone
1958 Broadw ell & Reybarn auto sups ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 4306 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1962 Bedrosian Tile Co contrs B Pacific Telephone
1958 Bedrosian Tile Co ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4308 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1962 Sanoian Albert L B Pacific Telephone
1958 Sanoian Albert L ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1952 Youngman R L R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4311 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1952 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4313 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 CHINA GARDEN restaurants R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1996 BUDDYS BAR & DINER R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Buddys Bar & Diner restr R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1980 Loves Restaurant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4320 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1952 Daniel E D R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 18
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
4324 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1962 Forty One Surplus Sis B Pacific Telephone
1958 Forty One Surplus Sis ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1952 Carpenter G I R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4325 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1996 CENTRAL DELI R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Central Deli restr R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4326 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 FOUR WHEEL P ARTS R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
PERFORMANCE auto parts & supl retail newR.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1996 SUPER SHOPS R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
AUTOMOTIVE CTR R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Super Shop Inc auto parts R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1980 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4327 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1996 BLACKSTONE MEDICAL CTR R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Blackstone Medical Clinic for Weight Control
medical clinic
R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4329 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 BECKYS NAILS manicuring R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
V DS manicuring R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
ERNEST AT DV DS barbers R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1996 D V DS R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Baziuk Lisa R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Rodriguez Vera R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Vera Rodrigu R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 19
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
4331 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1990 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4340 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1958 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4341 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1952 How ard L L R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4344 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 LIFESTYLE FURNITURE furniture dirs retailR.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1996 LIFESTYLE FURNITURE R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 R B Furniture R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 R B Furniture R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1962 Albrechts Welding Pacific Telephone
1952 Kanaw yer E L R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4354 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1958 Sanoian Boghos S R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4370 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1996 KENNEDYS R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
CUSTOM AUTO SALES R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 No Return R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 International Body Repairs R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1962 Jerrys Automotive Serv B Pacific Telephone
4374 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 BOBS DIVE SHOP OF @Fresno@ dredging
mach
R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 20
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1996 BOBS DIVE R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
SHOP OF FRESNO R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Bobs Dive Shop of Fresno equip R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1980 Beautiw ood Furniture R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1962 Baboock E G Co garden implts B Pacific Telephone
1958 Babcock E G Co garden implts ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 4376 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 FRES NO COIN GALLERY R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
JEWELRY gold silver & platinum R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1990 Fresno Coin Gallery R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4378 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 & sup I retail new R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1996 FRESNO COIN R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
GALLERY & JEWELRY R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
HEADLINER AUTO PARTS R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Headliner Auto Parts R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 City Auto Parts R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1962 B&R Auto Supply B Pacific Telephone
1958 Am Mkt gro ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Gong Yum Chun R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4380 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1996 KEITHS R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
FOREIGN & DOMESTIC RPR R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Keiths Foreign & Domestic Auto Repair R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 4392 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 WHITE PINE LUMBER building R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1996 FRED BIGLIONE JR R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 21
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1996 WHITE PINE LUMBER R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 White P ine Lumber Distributor R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1980 White P ine Lumber Distributors w holR.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1962 White P ine Lbr Distr w hol B Pacific Telephone
1958 White P ine Lbr Distr w hol ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers Foster Clarence P ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Girard Wm H ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Peppeard Harold E ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Sargentini Myra Mrs ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Waldron Walter ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Wright Florence B Mrs ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4411 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 RED CARPET CAR WASH serv R.L. Polk & Co Publishers gasoline & oil R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1996 RED CARPET CAR WASH R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Red Carpet Car Wash R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Red Carpet Car Wash R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4414 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1990 J & T Auto Services auto serv & repr R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1980 Ace Service Inc tire dealers R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 4420 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 SECURITY PUBLIC STORAGE R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
storage household & commercial R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1996 THRIFTY MINI STORAGE R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Thrifty Mini Storage R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Thrifty Mini Storage R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 22
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
4424 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 SHERWIN WILUAMS CO paint w hol R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1996 SHERWIN WILLIAMS CO R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Sherw in Williams Co paints R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1980 Sherw in Williams Co R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4426 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1990 Dymonds T V R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Pacific Crest Carpets R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4428 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1996 DYMONDS TV R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4431 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1962 Eville Animal Clinic B Pacific Telephone
Eville Thos B Pacific Telephone
1958 Eville Animal Clinic ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Eville Thos B ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4433 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 RED CARPET QUICK LUBE auto rpr & servR.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1990 Just Breakfast R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Happy Steak Restaurant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1952 Masuda Dorothy Mrs nursery R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 4434 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 BUDGET SERVICE CTR auto rpr & servR.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1996 SMOG CENTER R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Smog Center auto repr R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 23
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1980 Jacobs Garage R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1962 Zams Auto Repr B Pacific Telephone
1958 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4443 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1962 Blackstone P atio Sup B Pacific Telephone
Park Myung K Pacific Telephone
1958 Blackstone P atio Sups ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers Patio Bar B Q Equip ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Thompson How ard R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
k Lillard Constn Co stge yd R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4444 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1996 ULTIMATE R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
STOVES SPAS & PATIO R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1962 Alibi The cocktail lounge B Pacific Telephone
1958 Chit Chat Cafe ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1952 Duncan Ceramic Studio R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Duncan L R R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4448 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1962 Basalt Rock Co Inc bldg materials B Pacific Telephone 1958 Basalt Rock Co Inc bldg R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
materials ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4450 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 KELLY PAPER printing supl R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1996 AARON R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
BROTHERS ART MARTS R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Aaron Brothers Art Mart R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 24
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1990 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Aaron Brothers Art Mart R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1962 Vacant Pacific Telephone
1958 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4452 BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1962 Busick Gearing Air Conditioning Co B Pacific Telephone 1958 Busick Gearing Air Condition ing Co ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers

E HOLLAND AVE
1404 E HOLLAND AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 DANIELLE HANSEN EDR Digital Archive
2014 OCCUPANT UNKNOWN Cole Information
2010 DANIELLE HANSEN Cole Information
2005 ROBERT BURTON Cole Information
1995 POLLETI, LISA Cole Information
1418 E HOLLAND AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 TOM LOYA EDR Digital Archive
ELEANOR LOYA EDR Digital Archive
GUSTAVO LOYA EDR Digital Archive
2017 TOM LOYA Cole Information
2014 TOM LOYA Cole Information
2010 GUSTAVO LOYA Cole Information
2005 GUSTAVO LOYA Cole Information
2000 GUS LOYA Cole Information
1995 MARTINEZ, ISAAC Cole Information
1992 MARTINEZ, ISAAC Cole Information
7427381-5 Page 25
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
1424 E HOLLAND AVE
Year Uses Source
1995 OCCUPANT UNKNOWNN Cole Information
1432 E HOLLAND AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 KIMIKO MOCHIZUKI EDR Digital Archive
2017 KIMIKO MOCHIZUKI Cole Information
2014 KIMIKO MOCHIZUKI Cole Information
2010 KIMIKO MOCHIZUKI Cole Information
2005 KIMIKO MOCHIZUKI Cole Information
2000 K MOCHIZUKI Cole Information
1995 MOCHIZUKI, K S Cole Information
1992 MOCHIZUKI, K S Cole Information
1446 E HOLLAND AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 PAMELA GRAY EDR Digital Archive
2017 JORGE CASTILLO Cole Information
2014 JORGE CASTILLO Cole Information
2010 BRIAN BAKER Cole Information
2005 WILLIAM FAIRCLOTH Cole Information
1995 NOTTINGHAM, LORI Cole Information

E RICHERT AVE
1428 E RICHERT AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 FERN FARRELL EDR Digital Archive
CLARA FARRELL EDR Digital Archive
2017 CLARA FARRELL Cole Information
2014 CLARA FARRELL Cole Information
2010 CLARA FARRELL Cole Information
2000 FERN FARRELL Cole Information
1995 FARRELL, KENNETH C Cole Information
1992 FARRELL, KENNETH C Cole Information
7427381-5 Page 26
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
1433 E RICHERT AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 TIMOTHY HULEN EDR Digital Archive
2017 TERRANCE HAUN Cole Information
2014 TIMOTHY HULEN Cole Information
2010 TIMOTHY HULEN Cole Information
2005 WILLIAM KRELLER Cole Information
2000 WILLIAM KRELLER Cole Information
1995 KRELLER, WILLIAM E Cole Information
1992 KRELLER, WILLIAM E Cole Information
1447 E RICHERT AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 VIVIAN HAAS EDR Digital Archive
RICHARD HAAS EDR Digital Archive
TRACY HAAS EDR Digital Archive
2017 RICHARD HAAS Cole Information
2014 OCCUPANT UNKNOWN Cole Information
2010 VERNON PRICE Cole Information
2005 VERNON PRICE Cole Information
2000 SARAH MARCHESE Cole Information
1995 MARCHESE, SARAH E Cole Information
1992 MARCHESE, SARAH E Cole Information
1448 E RICHERT AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 ELIZABETH GARCIA EDR Digital Archive
ANTHONY GARCIA EDR Digital Archive
2017 JERRY GARCIA Cole Information
2014 ANTHONY GARCIA Cole Information
2010 ANTHONY GARCIA Cole Information
2005 ANTHONY GARCIA Cole Information
7427381-5 Page 27
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS

E SWIFT AVE
1505 E SWIFT AVE
Year Uses Source
2017 DAMARIS OLLERVIDES Cole Information
2014 RICHARD GREGORIAN Cole Information
2010 RICHARD GREGORIAN Cole Information
2005 LYNNE GREGORIAN Cole Information
2000 WOODROW GREGORIAN Cole Information
1995 GREGORIAN, WOODROW Cole Information
1992 GREGORIAN, WOODROW Cole Information
1513 E SWIFT AVE
Year Uses Source
1995 OCCUPANT UNKNOWNN Cole Information
1516 E SWIFT AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 DENNIS BURGESS EDR Digital Archive
MARKARIAN MARY EDR Digital Archive
SUSAN MARKARIAN EDR Digital Archive
MORGAN LARSEN EDR Digital Archive
2017 VICTOREA PUGH Cole Information
DENNIS BURGESS Cole Information
MARY ENSIGN Cole Information
PAM BURDICK Cole Information
CHRISTOPHER GASS Cole Information
RODNEY PEREZ Cole Information
SHIRLEY MARKARIAN Cole Information
MORGAN LARSEN Cole Information
IDA ROGERS Cole Information
2014 PAM BURDICK Cole Information
CHRISTOPHER GASS Cole Information
M ANDERSON Cole Information
SHIRLEY MARKARIAN Cole Information
7427381-5 Page 28
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
2014 LAUREN BURT Cole Information
ALBERT SEES Cole Information
KELLEY MCKINNEY Cole Information
MORGAN LARSEN Cole Information
2010 CHRISTOPHER GASS Cole Information
PAM BURDICK Cole Information
M ANDERSON Cole Information
A PAZILLA Cole Information
ALBERT SEES Cole Information
LEWIS CURTIS Cole Information
MORGAN LARSEN Cole Information
2005 CHRISTOPHER GASS Cole Information
A MANZELL Cole Information
ALBERT SEES Cole Information
LEWIS CURTIS Cole Information
CAROLYN COLBERT Cole Information
2000 LOUIS RAMIREZ Cole Information
CARRIE REAGAN Cole Information
KORY HATCHER Cole Information
LEWIS CURTIS Cole Information
1995 NESSEN, VINCENT G Cole Information
WEBB, M H Cole Information
REED, ROBERT Cole Information
BEZERKIAN, KEVORK Cole Information
1992 BROWN&BIGELOW Cole Information
MAHONEY, L Cole Information
1570 E SWIFT AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 CHURCH IN FRESNO EDR Digital Archive
2017 THE CHURCH IN FRESNO Cole Information
2014 CHURCH IN FRESNO THE Cole Information
2010 CHURCH IN FRESNO Cole Information
7427381-5 Page 29
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
2005 FRESNO CHURCH BOOK ROOM INC Cole Information
2000 CHURCH IN FRESNO THE Cole Information
1995 CHURCH IN FRESNO Cole Information
1992 CHURCH IN FRESNO Cole Information

GLENN AVE
4262 GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 Brunetti Yolanda L 181+ A R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1990 No Return R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 No Return R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Antonini Tony R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Antonini Tony R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Antonine Tony R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 IVERSON THEO A REV R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Iverson Theo A Rev B Pacific Telephone
1958 No Return R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4288 GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
1965 KOIKE TOSHIYUKI R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
4315 GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 G TS COURIER SVC courier serv j ian aryR.L. Polk & Co Publishers Tutunjian George N & Mary E 11+ A R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1996 Tulunjian George R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Tutunjian Geo R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 Tutunjian Geo R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Tutunjion Geo R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Tutunjian Geo R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Tutunjian Geo R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 TUTUNJIAN GEO R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Tutumjian Geo B Pacific Telephone
7427381-5 Page 30
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1962 GLENN AV N FROM Contd Pacific Telephone
1958 Tutunjian Geo ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4338 GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 Adams Evalyn E 1 E 1+ A R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1990 Munshow er Donald A R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 Munshow er Donald A R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Munshow er Donald A R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Catanzarite Tony F R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Woods John E R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 PECKHAM ARCHIE R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Malkon John B Pacific Telephone
4352 GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 Davis Michael S R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Davis Montilee L R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Hagen Christine M R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 Hagen Lee R R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Hagen Lee R R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Hagen Lee R R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 HAGEN LE E R R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Hagen Lee R 0 B Pacific Telephone
1958 Hagen Lee R ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4358 GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 Manly Esther D 81+ A R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1996 Manly Leroy H 3906 G R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Manly Le Roy H R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 Manly Le Roy H R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Manly Le Roy H R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Manly Le Roy H R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 31
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1970 Manly Le Roy H R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 MANLY LE ROY H R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Mauley Le Roy H B Pacific Telephone
1958 Baum Clyde C ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4362 GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
1975 Hagen Lee R R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4368 GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 Clardy Kammey J R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1996 B & L P IANO SVC R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 No Return R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 Garrison John H R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Garrison John H R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Pearson Doug R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Schaffarzick Jon R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 GIRAUDI GARY S R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Ow ens Auston R B Pacific Telephone
1958 Walter Kenneth W 0 ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
4376 GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 Scott Janet R El R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Yanes Dani R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 Yanes Danl R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 No Return R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Garrison John H R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Jensen Ronald C R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 GELEGAN JOHN R R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Peick Chas F Pacific Telephone
Peick Elaine L Mrs mus tchr B Pacific Telephone
1958 Peick Chas F ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 32
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1958 Peick Elaine L Mrs mus tchr ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 4390 GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 Brew er Jacob C ID A R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Brew er Ryan E I R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1996 GLENN GUEST HOME R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Kelcheside 0 R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Glenn Guest Home R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Ketcheside Opal R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 Glenn Guest Home R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Ketcheside Opal R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Glenn Guest Home rest home R.L. Polk & Co Publishers Ketcheside Opal R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Glenn Guest Home rest home R.L. Polk & Co Publishers Johnson Loreta Mrs R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Glenn Guest Home rest home R.L. Polk & Co Publisher Johnson Loreta Mrs R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
Brereton Id R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 GLENN GUEST HOME REST HOME R.L. Polk & Co Publisher 1962 The Glenn rest home B Pacific Telephone
1958 Cow an Wm 0 ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers

HOLLAND AVE
1337 HOLLAND AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 9 Sorrells Leona R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Wetzel Don R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 il Peditius Dan R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Wallace Jeanette K Mrs R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Wallace Jeanette K Mrs R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Wallace Jeanette K Mrs R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 WALLACE WM R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
7427381-5 Page 33
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1962 Wallace Wm L B Pacific Telephone
1958 Wallace Wm L 0 ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1404 HOLLAND AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 Burton Carol A CE A R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Burton Bob W R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 No Return R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Vargas Margie R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Breeden Mary Mrs R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Breeden Mary Mrs R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 BREEDEN MARY MRS R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Moberly Robt M 0 B Pacific Telephone
1958 Salontay Frank jr ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1418 HOLLAND AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 Loya Gustave R Jr & Eleanor BI+ A R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1990 Martinez Isaac R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 Martinez Eleanor Mrs R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Martinez Isaac R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Martinez Isaac R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Martinez Isaac R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 MAPTINEZ ISAAC R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Martinez Isaac B Pacific Telephone
1958 Brow n E ug E ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1432 HOLLAND AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 Not Verified R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1996 Mochizuki K S R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Mochizuki K R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 Stapert Elmer L R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Stapert Elmer L R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 34
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1975 Crandall Ralph E R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Crandall Ralph E R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 HAWS EARNEST B R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Cornelison Wm C B Pacific Telephone
1958 Cornelison Wm C ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1446 HOLLAND AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 Margolis Rachel CE R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 No Return R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 Harris Robert R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Marty Linda C R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Ow ens Garry J R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 PRIEST MARY ANN MRS R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Priest Mary Ann Mrs Pacific Telephone
1958 Priest Le Roy N 0 ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers

N BACKSTONE AVE
4270 N BACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2000 VALLI WIDE BANK SEE WESTAMERICA
BANK
Cole Information

N BLACKSTONE AVE
4245 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 THEPEGASU EDR Digital Archive
MOTEL 6 EDR Digital Archive
4260 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2017 PIZZA HUT Cole Information
2010 QUIZNOS Cole Information
7427381-5 Page 35
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
4270 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 STEVE BEZZERIDES EDR Digital Archive
IVAN PAZ EDR Digital Archive
MICHAEL P ITALO EDR Digital Archive
DAPHNE JACKSON EDR Digital Archive
SONG VANG EDR Digital Archive
TATYANA GOUDIMA EDR Digital Archive
RANDALL GUERRA EDR Digital Archive
NICHOLE CASTECH EDR Digital Archive
SUE KINCAID EDR Digital Archive
CHRISTINA BAIRD EDR Digital Archive
EDIE JESSUP EDR Digital Archive
DEBBIE BOYD EDR Digital Archive
LAUREN CHOI EDR Digital Archive
JOHN SHORE EDR Digital Archive
KELSEY MCVEY EDR Digital Archive
MELISSA QUESADA EDR Digital Archive
WALT PARRY EDR Digital Archive
2017 CALIFORNIA CREDIT COUNSELING Cole Information
ELIZABETH ATTORNEY MARIANIPITALO ATCole Information
FRANK E AREYANO ARCHITECT Cole Information
J MICHAEL P ITALO ATTORNEY AT LAWCole Information
MARIANIPITALO & PITALO ATTORNEYCole Information
007 LIVE SCAN Cole Information
FRAUD CORE Cole Information
UNISUN SOLAR Cole Information
FRESNO METRO MINISTRY Cole Information
STATE FARM INSURANCE Cole Information
2014 AREYANO FRANK E ARCHITECT Cole Information
CALIFORNIA CREDIT COUNSELING Cole Information
BEZZERIDES STEVE INS AGT Cole Information
WITHEROW JAMES P ATTORNEY AT LAWCole Information
7427381-5 Page 36
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
2014 MARIANI PITALO & PITALO ATTORNEYCole Information
PITALO J MICHAEL ATTORNEY AT LAWCole Information
FAMILIES TOGETHER FFA Cole Information
STATE FARM INSURANCE Cole Information
STEVE BEZZERIDES STATE FARM INSURACole Information
FRESNO METRO MINISTRY Cole Information
MARIANIPITALO ELIZABETH ATTORNEY ATCole Information
007 LIVE SCAN Cole Information
2010 CA LATINO WATER COALITION Cole Information
FRANK E AREYANO ARCHITECT Cole Information
MARIANIPITALO & PITALO Cole Information
LEVEL 2 CONSULTING Cole Information
FRESNO HOUSING RESOURCE CTR Cole Information
FRESH START ENTERPRISES Cole Information
FRAUD CORE Cole Information
007 LIVE SCAN Cole Information
CONSUMER CREDIT COUNSELING SVCCole Information
OPEN MORTGAGE Cole Information
SPS SVC Cole Information
JUST LIKE HOME II Cole Information
GAP MINISTRIES Cole Information
EXIT REALTY Cole Information
MERCHANT CARD SOLUTION Cole Information
JAMES P WITHEROW LAW OFFICES Cole Information
STATE FARM INSURANCE Cole Information
JAMES WITHEROW Cole Information
2005 FUNDING EXPRESS BANCORP Cole Information
CORETA MCCOY Cole Information
FLATLANDS MORTGAGE Cole Information
STATE FARM / STEVE BEZZERIDES Cole Information
CALIFORNIA CREDIT COUNSELING Cole Information

COMPLETE BODY CARE & WELLNESS
CENTER
Cole Information
7427381-5 Page 37
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
2005 FRANK E AREYANO ARCHITECT Cole Information
JAMES P WITHEROW ATTORNEY AT LAWCole Information
KUPINISIS JOHN ESQ Cole Information
LAW OFFICES OF JAMES WITHEROWCole Information
WITHEROW JAMES P ATTORNEY AT LAWCole Information
MARIANI PITALO & PITALO Cole Information
C & S MARKETING Cole Information
STEVE BEZZERIDES Cole Information
STEVEN JORDAN Cole Information
FRANK AREYANO Cole Information
JAMES WITHEROW Cole Information
ELIZABETH PITALO Cole Information
2000 RETIRED SENIOR VOLUNTEER PROGRAM
RSVP
Cole Information

STAT FRM INS COIES CLMS OFFICE SALES

OFFICES
Cole Information
ELLIS ENTERPRISES Cole Information
AREYANO FRANK E ARCHITECT Cole Information
CASA Cole Information
DUCHESNE DON L P UB ACCOUNTANTSCole Information

VALLI WIDE BANK SEE WESTAMERICA
BANK
Cole Information
ELLIS SCOTT ENTERPRISES Cole Information
BEZZERIDES STEVE INS AGT Cole Information
1995 STATE FARM INSURANCE Cole Information
SCOTT C ELLIS ENTERPRISES Cole Information
UNITED WAY Cole Information
CENTRAL VALLEY COMMERCIAL CORPCole Information
FIRST CALL FOR HELP Cole Information
CARPENTER & ASSOC Cole Information
PREMIUM CREDIT CONSULTANTS Cole Information
WILLIAM MC PIKE Cole Information
DON L DUCHESNE Cole Information
J D & ASSOC Cole Information
7427381-5 Page 38
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1995 MCPIKE, WILLIAM Cole Information
ELLIS, WILLIAM G Cole Information
BEZZERIDES, STEVE Cole Information
COSTELLO, MARLIN Cole Information
DUCHESNE, DON L Cole Information
1992 DUCHESNE DON L Cole Information
BEZZERIDES STEVE Cole Information
CENTRL VLY COMRCL Cole Information
UNITD WAY FRESNO CO Cole Information
ELLIS SCOTT C ENTP Cole Information
J D&ASSOCIATES Cole Information
4274 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 U-HAUL NEIGHBORHOOD DEALER EDR Digital Archive
PHOENIX CAPITAL SOLUTIONS LLC EDR Digital Archive
MOUNTAIN-FIRE & MIRACLES EDR Digital Archive
2017 NORTH FORK RANCHERIA TRIBAL TANFCole Information
2014 NORTH FORK RANCHERIA TRIBAL TANFCole Information
2010 CALIFORNIA QUALITY PRINTING Cole Information
NORTH FORK RANCHERIA TRIBAL Cole Information
2005 CALIFORNIA QUALITY PRINTING Cole Information
THRIFTY NICKEL WANT ADS Cole Information
2000 CALIFORNIA QUALITY PRINTING Cole Information
1995 CENTRAL OPTICAL SUPPLY Cole Information
INDEPENDENT ORDER OF FORESTERSCole Information
CALIFORNIA QUALITY PRINTING Cole Information
ELLIOTT, HOWARD M Cole Information
1992 CENTRL OPTICAL SPLY Cole Information
INDEP ORDER FORESTR Cole Information
CA QUALITY PRINTING Cole Information
ELLIOTT HOWARD M Cole Information
ELLIOTT, HOWARD M Cole Information
7427381-5 Page 39
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
4280 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 FRESNO NEW DEVELOPMENTS LLC EDR Digital Archive
FRIED OR BOILED SEAFOOD EDR Digital Archive
FRESH OFF THE BOAT SEAFOOD EDR Digital Archive
2017 FRESNO NEW DEVELOPMENTS LLC Cole Information
2014 CARROWS RESTAURANTS Cole Information
2010 CARROWS RESTAURANT Cole Information
2005 CARROWS RESTAURANTS Cole Information
PRANDIUM Cole Information
2000 CARROWS RESTAURANTS Cole Information
1995 CARROWS RESTAURANTS Cole Information
1992 CARROWS RESTAURANTS Cole Information
4285 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 LOW PRICE LIQUIDATION INC EDR Digital Archive
2017 AND S FURNITURE V Cole Information
2014 V & S FURNITURE Cole Information
1995 KELLY MOORE PAINT CO Cole Information
1992 NEVADA BOBS GOLF Cole Information
4290 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2017 ECONOMY INN Cole Information
2014 ECONOMY INN Cole Information
2010 ECONOMY INN Cole Information
2005 AJAY HOSPITALITY Cole Information
ECONOMY INN Cole Information
2000 FRESNO HYATT LODGE Cole Information
1995 FRESNO HYATT LODGE Cole Information
1992 HYATT LODGE FRESNO Cole Information
7427381-5 Page 40
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
4295 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2017 KELLYMOORE PAINTS Cole Information
2014 KELLYMOORE PAINTS Cole Information
2010 KELLYMOORE PAINT CO Cole Information
I GOT WOOD UNFINISHED FURN Cole Information
2005 KELLY MOORE PAINT CO Cole Information
2000 KELLY MOORE PAINT COMPANY Cole Information
4302 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 IN-N-OUT BURGER EDR Digital Archive
4313 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 JENNIFER KONG EDR Digital Archive
2017 GOLDEN HORSE Cole Information
2014 GOLDEN HORSE Cole Information
2010 CHINA GARDEN Cole Information
2005 CHINA GARDEN MANDARIN RESTAURANTCole Information
CHINA GARDEN Cole Information
1995 BUDDYS BAR & DINER Cole Information
1992 BUDDYS BAR&DINER Cole Information
4325 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2014 LABOR FINDERS Cole Information
2010 LABOR FINDERS Cole Information
2000 CENTRAL DELI Cole Information
1995 CENTRAL DELI Cole Information
1992 CENTRL DELI Cole Information
4326 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 4 WHEEL P ARTS EDR Digital Archive
2017 FOUR WHEEL P ARTS WHOLE SALERSCole Information
7427381-5 Page 41
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
2014 FOUR WHEEL P ARTS WHOLE SALERSCole Information
2010 4 WHEEL P ARTS PERFORMANCE CTRCole Information
2005 TRANSAMERICA AUTO PARTS Cole Information
FOUR WHEEL P ARTS WHOLE SALERSCole Information
2000 FOUR WHEEL P ARTS WHOLE SALERSCole Information
4 WHEEL P ARTS WHOLE SALERSCole Information
1995 SUPER SHOPS AUTOMOTIVE CTR Cole Information
1992 SUPER SHOPS AUTOMTV Cole Information
4327 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 CENTRAL SIERRA INSURANCE SVC EDR Digital Archive
2017 CENTRAL SIERRA INSURANCE SERVICESCole Information
2010 CLASSIC COVERS Cole Information
LONNIE VIGIL HAIR STYLIST Cole Information
JO ANN KENT STYLIST Cole Information
COMPANY THREE HAIR & NAIL STD Cole Information
HAIR STYLES BY ROY Cole Information
2005 LAST MINUTE DEETAILS Cole Information
2000 CAL P ATRIOT INSURANCE Cole Information
1995 BLACKSTONE MEDICAL CTR Cole Information
1992 BLACKSTONE MED WGHT Cole Information
4329 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2010 PIP SQUEAKS Cole Information
2005 DVDS Cole Information
BECKYS NAILS Cole Information
2000 BECKYS NAILS Cole Information
D V DS Cole Information
RODRIGUEZ VERA Cole Information
1995 D V DS Cole Information
BAZIUK, LISA Cole Information
VERA, R Cole Information
7427381-5 Page 42
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1995 ROBERTS, LANETTA Cole Information
RODRIGUEZ, VERA Cole Information
4344 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 SERRANO'S FURNITURE EDR Digital Archive
2017 FANTASTIC FURNITURE Cole Information
SERRANOS FURNITURE Cole Information
2014 SERRANOS FURNITURE Cole Information
2010 FANTASTIC FURNITURE Cole Information
2000 LIFESTYLE FURNITURE Cole Information
1992 R B FURNITURE Cole Information
4370 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2010 KEVIN AUTO REPAIR Cole Information
1995 KENNEDYS CUSTOM AUTO SALES Cole Information
LIEN ON ME LIEN SALES Cole Information
1992 LIEN ON ME LIEN SLS Cole Information
4374 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 BOB'S DIVE SHOP EDR Digital Archive
CHRISTOPHER TOSTENSON EDR Digital Archive
MARY TOSTENSON EDR Digital Archive
2017 BOBS DIVE SHOP Cole Information
2014 BOBS DIVE SHOP Cole Information
2010 BOBS DIVE SHOP Cole Information
2000 BOBS DIVE SHOP OF FRESNO Cole Information
1995 BOBS DIVE SHOP OF FRESNO Cole Information
1992 BOBS DIVE SHOP FRSN Cole Information
7427381-5 Page 43
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
4376 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2000 FRESNO COIN GALLERY & JEWELRY

EXCHANGE
Cole Information
1995 FRESNO COIN GALLERY Cole Information
1992 FRESNO COIN GALLERY Cole Information
4378 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 HEADLINER AUTO PARTS EDR Digital Archive
2017 CARQUEST AUTO PARTS Cole Information
2014 LANDSEADAL FLORIN Cole Information
HEADLINER AUTO PARTS Cole Information
2010 HEADLINER AUTO PARTS Cole Information
2005 HEADLINER AUTO PARTS Cole Information
2000 CARQUEST AUTO PARTS STORES Cole Information
HEADLINER AUTO PARTS NO 2 Cole Information
1995 HEADLINER AUTO PARTS Cole Information
1992 CARQUEST AUTO PARTS Cole Information
4380 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2005 AUTO SHOPPER SERVICE Cole Information
1995 KEITHS FOREIGN & DOMESTIC RPR Cole Information
1992 KEITHS AUTO REPAIR Cole Information
4392 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 WHITE PINE LUMBER DISTRIBUTORSEDR Digital Archive
2017 WHITE PINE LUMBER Cole Information
2014 WHITE PINE LUMBER Cole Information
2010 WHITE PINE LUMBER Cole Information
2005 WHITE PINE LUMBER Cole Information
2000 WHITE PINE LUMBER DISTRIBUTOR Cole Information
1995 FRED BIGLIONE JR Cole Information
WHITE PINE LUMBER Cole Information
7427381-5 Page 44
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1992 WHITE PINE LUMBER Cole Information
4411 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 BOWIE ENTERPRISES EDR Digital Archive
RED CARPET CAR WASH EDR Digital Archive
2017 RED CARPET CAR WASH Cole Information
2014 CHEVRON STATION FRESNO Cole Information
RED CARPET CAR WASH Cole Information
2010 RED CARPET CAR WASH Cole Information
2005 BOWIE ENTERPRISES Cole Information
RED CARPET CAR WASH Cole Information
2000 RED CARPET CAR WASH Cole Information
1995 RED CARPET CAR WASH Cole Information
1992 RED CARPET CAR WASH Cole Information
4414 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 UNITED AUTO INC EDR Digital Archive
MIKE SAADELDIN EDR Digital Archive
2017 UNITED AUTO INC Cole Information
AUTOSHOPPER Cole Information
2014 UNITED AUTO INC Cole Information
AUTOSHOPPER Cole Information
2010 AUTO SHOPPER AMERICA Cole Information
2005 AUTO SHOPPER 1 Cole Information
KAR SHOPPER Cole Information
MID TOWN CORP Cole Information
1995 J & T AUTO SVC INC Cole Information
1992 J&T AUTO SERVICE Cole Information
4420 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 APRIL BIGGINS EDR Digital Archive
7427381-5 Page 45
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
2020 PAM SUGDEN EDR Digital Archive
2017 SECURITY PUBLIC STORAGE Cole Information
2014 SECURITY PUBLIC STORAGE Cole Information
2010 SECURITY PUBLIC STORAGE Cole Information
SAFELITE AUTO GLASS Cole Information
2005 SECURITY PUBLIC STORAGE Cole Information
2000 SECURITY PUBLIC STORAGE Cole Information
1995 THRIFTY MINI STORAGE Cole Information
1992 THRIFTY MINI STORGE Cole Information
4424 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 SHERWIN-WILLIAMS EDR Digital Archive
2017 SHERWINWILLIAMS Cole Information
2014 SHERWINWILLIAMS PAINT STORE Cole Information
2010 SHERWINWILLIAMS Cole Information
2005 SHERWIN WILLIAMS Cole Information
2000 SHERWIN WILLIAMS COMPANY DISTRICT
OFFICE
Cole Information
SHERWIN WILLIAMS COMPANY Cole Information
1995 SHERWIN WILLIAMS CO Cole Information
1992 SHERWIN WILLIAMS CO Cole Information
4428 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
1995 DYMONDS TV Cole Information
1992 DYMONDS TV Cole Information
4433 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 RED CARPET CAR WASH EDR Digital Archive
EXPRESS SMOG EDR Digital Archive
2005 RED CARPET QUICK LUBE INC Cole Information
RED CARPET CAR WASH Cole Information
2000 RED CARPET QUICK LUBE Cole Information
7427381-5 Page 46
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1995 JUST BREAKFAST Cole Information
1992 JUST BREAKFAST Cole Information
4434 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 1 STOP AUTO SHOP EDR Digital Archive
EXPRESS AUTO SALES EDR Digital Archive
DA VINCI PERFORMANCE EDR Digital Archive
EXPRESS SMOG EDR Digital Archive
2017 REZA KLANERSI Cole Information
1 STOP AUTO SHOP Cole Information
FAST LANE AUTO Cole Information
2014 1 STOP AUTO SHOP Cole Information
2010 EXPRESS SMOG Cole Information
1995 SMOG CENTER Cole Information
1992 SMOG CENTER Cole Information
4444 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2017 CONTRERAZ BUDGET SMOG LLC Cole Information
CONTRERAZ BUDGET SMOG Cole Information
2014 CONTRERAZ BUDGET SMOG Cole Information
CONTRERAZ BUDGET SMOG LLC Cole Information
2005 BUDGET SERVICE Cole Information
1995 ERICKSONS Cole Information
1992 ERICKSONS WOOD STVE Cole Information
4450 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 ERIC FERNANDEZ EDR Digital Archive
2017 KELLY PAPER COMPANY Cole Information
2010 KELLY PAPER Cole Information
2005 KELLY PAPER STORE Cole Information
2000 AARON BROTHERS ART & FRAMING Cole Information
7427381-5 Page 47
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1995 AARON BROTHERS ART MARTS Cole Information
1992 AARON BROS ART MART Cole Information
4455 N BLACKSTONE AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 CYCLE GEAR EDR Digital Archive
N BLACKSTONE AVE STE 215
4270 N BLACKSTONE AVE STE 215
Year Uses Source
2020 DOUGLAS LOW EDR Digital Archive

N GLENN AVE
4262 N GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 CHARLOTTE GRAY EDR Digital Archive
2017 CHARLOTTE JOHNSON Cole Information
2014 OCCUPANT UNKNOWN Cole Information
2010 OCCUPANT UNKNOWN Cole Information
2005 GEORGE BRUNETTI Cole Information
4315 N GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 BORIS RIVAS EDR Digital Archive
2014 BORIS RIVAS Cole Information
2010 MARY TUTUNJIAN Cole Information
2005 MARY TUTUNJIAN Cole Information
2000 GEORGE TUTUNJIAN Cole Information
1995 TUTUNJIAN, GEORGE Cole Information
1992 TUTUNJIAN, GEORGE Cole Information
4320 N GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
1995 OCCUPANT UNKNOWNN Cole Information
7427381-5 Page 48
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1992 STEWART, L E Cole Information
4338 N GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
2005 JOYCE ADAMS Cole Information
2000 EVALYN ADAMS Cole Information
1995 ADAMS, EVALYN E Cole Information
4345 N GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
2000 DARNELL BURTON Cole Information
4352 N GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 PENNY BRIGGS EDR Digital Archive
2017 PENNY BRIGGS Cole Information
2014 ML BRIGGS Cole Information
2010 ML BRIGGS Cole Information
2000 WILLIAM BRIGGS Cole Information
1995 OCCUPANT UNKNOWNN Cole Information
4358 N GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
2017 ESTHER MANLY Cole Information
2014 ESTHER MANLY Cole Information
2010 ESTHER MANLY Cole Information
2005 ESTHER MANLY Cole Information
2000 LE ROY MANLY Cole Information
1995 MANLY, LE ROY H Cole Information
1992 MANLY, LE ROY H Cole Information
4368 N GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 DENYS ARVENTII EDR Digital Archive
ELVINA KRAVCHUK EDR Digital Archive
2017 DENYS ARVENTII Cole Information
7427381-5 Page 49
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
2010 OCCUPANT UNKNOWN Cole Information
2005 OCCUPANT UNKNOWN Cole Information
2000 OCCUPANT UNKNOWN Cole Information
1995 JONES, GRACE Cole Information
4376 N GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 LEONA DOLL EDR Digital Archive
LOUISE DOLL EDR Digital Archive
2017 ETHAN DOLL Cole Information
2014 LOUISE DOLL Cole Information
2010 ROSA GUZMAN Cole Information
2005 JANET SCOTT Cole Information
2000 J SCOTT Cole Information
4390 N GLENN AVE
Year Uses Source
2020 JACOB BREWER EDR Digital Archive
CLAUDIA BREWER EDR Digital Archive
2017 JACOB BREWER Cole Information
2014 JACOB BREWER Cole Information
2010 JACOB BREWER Cole Information
2005 JACOB BREWER Cole Information
2000 JACOB BREWER Cole Information
1995 GLENN GUEST HOME Cole Information
KETCHESIDE, OPAL Cole Information
RICHARDS, RAY C Cole Information
1992 GLENN GUEST HOME Cole Information
KETCHESIDE, OPAL Cole Information

RICHERT
1433 RICHERT
Year Uses Source
1952 McVicar J G R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 50
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS

RICHERT AVE
1428 RICHERT AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 Farrell Clara H R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Farrell Fern S E 9+ A R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1996 Farrell Kenneth C R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Farrell Kenneth C R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 Farrell Kenneth C R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Farrell Kenneth C R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Hatcher Clara P Mrs R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 FARRELL KENNETH C R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Farrell Kenneth C Pacific Telephone
1958 Farrell Kenneth C ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1433 RICHERT AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 Kreller Janet M 18+ a R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1996 Kreller William E R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Kreller Win E R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 Kreller Wm E R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Kreller Wm E R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Kre Uller Wm E R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Kreller Wm E R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 KRELLER WM E R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Kreller Wm E B Pacific Telephone
1958 Mc Vicar Jas G 0 ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1447 RICHERT AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 Price Vernon a R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1996 Marchese Sarah E R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Marchese Sarah R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 Marchese Betty Mrs R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 51
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1980 Marchese Michl D R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Marchese Michi D R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Marchese Michl D R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 MARCHESE MXCF & D R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Marchese Michl D Pacific Telephone
1958 Marchese Vera F Mrs ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1448 RICHERT AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 Garcia Anthony C & Elizabeth EL+ A R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1990 Mattoxc Kathleen R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 Mattox Roy R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Mattox Roy R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Mattox Roy R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Strauss C Donald R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 VACANT R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Barnett Ste P h 0 B Pacific Telephone
1958 Weber Steph R 0 ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers

SWIFT AVE
1444 SWIFT AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 Bounazian Peter D Jr & Dorothy E 1+ A R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1990 Bournazian Peter R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 Bournazian Peter R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Bournazian Peter N R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1975 Bournazin P eter N antique dir l R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1970 Bournazin P eter N junk dir R.L. Polk & Co Publisher 1965 HALL MARION S MRS R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Dell Olio Gerry 0 B Pacific Telephone
1958 Lopolo Gerald J 0 ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 52
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
1505 SWIFT AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 Gregorian Woodrow L & Lynne E I+ A ii a iR.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1996 Gregorian Lynne R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Gregorian Woodrow R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Gregorian Woodrow R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 Gregorian Woodrow R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Gregorian Woodrow R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Gregorian Woodrow R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 GREGORIAN WOODROW R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Gregorian Woodrow B Pacific Telephone
1512 SWIFT AVE
Year Uses Source
1965 PEEDEMER LUTHERAN CHURCH R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1958 Redeemer Lutheran Ch ba R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1516 SWIFT AVE
Year Uses Source
1996 Bezerldan Kevork R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Curtis Lew is A R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Nessen Vincent G R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Reed Robert R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
E SWIFT AVE contd R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Webb Frances R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Webb M H R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 Casa Granada Apartments R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Neasen Vincent G R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Curtis Lew is A Jr R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Sees Albert R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Wagenleitner John R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Stresser G R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
No Return R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Weber Robt R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
No Return R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 53
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1990 r Lew en David R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 Casa Granada Apts R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Nessen Vincent G R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Curtis Lew is A Jr R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Wagenleitner John R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
No Return R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
No Return R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Lejune Darrel R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Bezerkian Kevork R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
te Bernard Dee R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1980 Apartments R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Nessen Vincent G R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Gardner Harold R R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Tedder Wm R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Wagonleitner John W R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Streesser R R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Smith J H Brunkhurst Wm R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Jones Carl M R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Anderson Donna R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
Williams J R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1548 SWIFT AVE
Year Uses Source
1952 Lovins Roy R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1570 SWIFT AVE
Year Uses Source
2002 CHURCH IN FRESNO churches R.L. Polk & Co Publishers BUSINESSES 3 HOUSEHOLDS R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1996 CHURCH IN FRESNO R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1990 No Return R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1986 Church In Fresno The R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 54
Year Uses Source

FINDINGS
Year Uses Source
1980 Church In Fresno The R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Church Of Christ R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1606 SWIFT AVE
Year Uses Source
1975 Gregorian Woodrow CO R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1620 SWIFT AVE
Year Uses Source
1975 Stanovich Albert M R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Stanovich Albert M R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 STANOVICH ALBERT M R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Stanovich Albert M B Pacific Telephone
1958 Stanovich Albert M R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1628 SWIFT AVE
Year Uses Source
1975 Daugherty Julia C Mrs R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1970 Whitt Arth R R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1965 SWEENEY EDW L R.L. Polk & Co Publisher
1962 Jones Charley Pacific Telephone
1958 Vacant R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
1638 SWIFT AVE
Year Uses Source
1975 Spit n Polish antique shop R.L. Polk & Co Publishers 1970 Blackstone Garage auto repr R.L. Polk & Co Publisher 1965 BLACKSTONE GARAGE AUTO REPR R.L. Polk & Co Publisher 1962 Blackstone Garage auto repr B Pacific Telephone
1670 SWIFT AVE
Year Uses Source
1975 Church Of Christ R.L. Polk & Co Publishers
7427381-5 Page 55

FINDINGS
ADJOINING PROPERTY: ADDRESSES NOT IDENTIFIED IN RESEARCH SOURCE The following Adjoining Property addresses were researched for this report, and the addresses were not identified in research source.

Address Researched Address Not Identified in Research Source 1337 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1337 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1337 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1337 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1337 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1337 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1337 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1337 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1337 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1404 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1404 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1404 E HOLLAND AVE 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1404 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1404 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1404 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1404 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1404 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1404 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1404 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922

FINDINGS
Address Researched Address Not Identified in Research Source 1404 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1404 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1404 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1404 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1418 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1418 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1418 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1418 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1418 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1418 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1418 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1418 E HOLLAND AVE 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1418 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1418 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1418 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1418 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1418 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1418 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1418 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1418 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1418 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1424 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922

FINDINGS
Address Researched Address Not Identified in Research Source 1428 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1428 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1428 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1428 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1428 E RICHERT AVE 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1428 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1428 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1428 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1428 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1428 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1428 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1428 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1428 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1428 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1428 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1428 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1428 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1432 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1432 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1432 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1432 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1432 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922

FINDINGS
Address Researched Address Not Identified in Research Source 1432 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1432 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1432 E HOLLAND AVE 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1432 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1432 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1432 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1432 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1432 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1432 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1432 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1432 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1432 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1432 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1433 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1433 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1433 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1433 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1433 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1433 E RICHERT AVE 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1433 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1433 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1433 RICHERT 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922

FINDINGS
Address Researched Address Not Identified in Research Source 1433 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1433 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1433 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1433 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1433 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1433 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1433 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1433 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1433 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1433 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1444 SWIFT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1444 SWIFT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1444 SWIFT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1444 SWIFT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1444 SWIFT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1444 SWIFT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1444 SWIFT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1444 SWIFT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1444 SWIFT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1446 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1446 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1446 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922

FINDINGS
Address Researched Address Not Identified in Research Source 1446 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1446 E HOLLAND AVE 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1446 E HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1446 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1446 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1446 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1446 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1446 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1446 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1446 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1446 HOLLAND AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1447 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1447 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1447 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1447 E RICHERT AVE 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1447 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1447 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1447 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1447 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1447 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1447 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1447 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922

FINDINGS
Address Researched Address Not Identified in Research Source 1447 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1447 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1447 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1447 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1447 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1447 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1447 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1448 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1448 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1448 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1448 E RICHERT AVE 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1448 E RICHERT AVE 2020, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1448 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1448 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1448 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1448 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1448 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1448 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1448 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1448 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1448 RICHERT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1992, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922 1505 E SWIFT AVE 2020, 2017, 2014, 2010, 2005, 2002, 2000, 1996, 1995, 1990, 1986, 1980, 1975, 1970, 1965, 1962, 1958, 1952, 1947, 1942, 1937, 1932, 1927, 1922