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THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
City of Fresno—Fresno Southeast Development Area Specific Plan Project Draft Program EIR
FirstCarbon Solutions
I.2 - Utilities Technical Study
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Southeast Development Area (SEDA)
Specific Plan
Water Technical Study
April 26th, 2023
Prepared for:
City of Fresno, California
Prepared by:
451 Clovis Avenue, Suite 200
Clovis, California 93612
Tel (559) 326-1400
Fax (559) 326-1500
www.bcf-engr.com
Date signed: 04/26/2023
City of Fresno SEDA Specific Plan Program EIR
Water Technical Study Page i
220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Project Description and Background ......................................................................... 1
1.2 Summary of Analysis ................................................................................................ 2 CHAPTER 2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ............................................................................. 4
2.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Federal Regulations .................................................................................................. 4
2.3 State Regulations ..................................................................................................... 5
2.4 Local Regulations ..................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 3 EXISTING CONDITIONS .....................................................................................11
3.1 Water Infrastructure .................................................................................................11
3.1.1 General ..............................................................................................................11
3.1.2 Water Sources ...................................................................................................11
3.1.3 Water Distribution ..............................................................................................13 CHAPTER 4 FUTURE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE ...............................................................15
4.1 General ....................................................................................................................15
4.2 General Plan Policies ..............................................................................................15
4.3 Buildout Improvements ............................................................................................15 CHAPTER 5 SPECIFIC PLAN WATER DEMAND ANALYSIS ..................................................17
5.1 General ....................................................................................................................17
5.2 Analysis Methodology ..............................................................................................18
5.3 Analysis Results ......................................................................................................19 CHAPTER 6 IMPACTS AND MITIGATION ...............................................................................23
6.1 SEDA Planning ........................................................................................................23
6.2 Impacts of Significance ............................................................................................23
6.3 Conclusions .............................................................................................................25
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 City of Fresno General Plan Objectives and Policies .................................................. 8 Table 5.1 General Plan–SEDA–General Plan Equivalent Land Use Classifications ..................20 Table 5.2 Metro Plan Update Water Demand Factors ...............................................................21 Table 5.3 Specific Plan (SP) Anticipated Water Demand per Land Use Classification ..............22 Table 5.4 Difference Between General Plan and Specific Plan Anticipated Water Demand ......22
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 SEDA Specific Plan Location .................................................................................... 3 Figure 3.1 Existing City Water Distribution System ...................................................................14 Figure 5.1 General Plan Land Use Map for SEDA Plan Area ....................................................17 Figure 5.2 SEDA Proposed Land Use .......................................................................................18 City of Fresno SEDA Specific Plan Program EIR
Water Technical Study Page ii
220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A – Supporting Calculations
Appendix B – City of Fresno Water and Wastewater Unit Factor Update for Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan Update (Prepared by Akel Engineering, Inc.) Appendix C – Water Technical Report for the City of Fresno General Plan Update MEIR (Prepared by Blair, Church & Flynn), City of Fresno Hydraulic Evaluation of the Proposed 2035 General Plan Land Use Updated for the Master Environmental Impact Report Technical Memorandum (Prepared by West Yost Associates) Appendix D – City of Fresno 2020 Urban Water Management Plan City of Fresno SEDA Specific Plan Program EIR
Water Technical Study Page 1 of 26
220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Description and Background
The City of Fresno (City) is preparing a Specific Plan and Program Environmental Impact Report (PEIR) for the Southeast Development Area (SEDA). The SEDA Specific Plan Area (Plan Area), previously known as the Southeast Growth Area (SEGA), is an approximately 9,000-acre area in the southeast portion of the City of Fresno that is formally designated as a growth area in the City of Fresno General Plan (General Plan). The Plan Area is generally bound by the Gould Canal to the north, McCall and Highland Avenues to the east, Jenson and North Avenues to the south, and Locan, Temperance, and Minnewawa Avenues to the west; see Figure 1.1 for the Plan Area’s location.
SEDA was approved for incorporation into the City by the Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCo) in 2006, with a number of qualifying provisions, of which included the preparation of a Specific Plan and associated environmental documents before the land could be annexed to the City. Located in Growth Area II, SEDA was planned for development after other infill initiatives from the City’s other planning efforts, and would be developed in phases. The General Plan established two levels of development – the General Plan Horizon and the General Plan Buildout.
The General Plan Horizon is the level of development predicted to occur by the “Horizon Year,” which was established as 2035, in accordance with the General Plan. General Plan Buildout is the level of development characterized by full occupancy of all developable sites in accordance with the General Plan; this was estimated to occur beyond 2035 (defined as past 2050).
As such, the General Plan defined development of SEDA under General Plan Horizon as a portion of the full buildout conditions – specifically, it assumed a residential development capacity of approximately 15,000 dwelling units, one third of the buildout capacity. Accordingly, the residential development capacity of SEDA under General Plan Buildout is approximately 45,000 dwelling units, and the General Plan assumed that the additional 30,000 dwelling units would not be developed until after 2035. However, though the General Plan was analyzed under the General Plan Horizon level, the associated MEIR (Master Environmental Impact Report) analyzed the environmental impacts of the General Plan under the buildout level of the Sphere of Influence (SOI), which encompasses other growth areas, including SEDA.
The Specific Plan for SEDA was developed for the buildout condition of the Plan Area of 45,000 dwelling units, and provides implementation mechanisms for development in the Plan Area that accommodate for increased density and accelerate housing production. As part of the City’s General Plan, SEDA was designated with land use classifications as defined in the General Plan.
The Specific Plan presents alternative land use classifications for SEDA, and seeks to propose how the Plan Area will develop over time to complete buildout conditions with these newly-defined land use categories.
As part of the Specific Plan process, a PEIR needs to be developed to evaluate the impacts associated with the proposed improvements to the Plan Area, and what, if any, mitigation measures are necessary to account for such impacts. This technical report will focus on the impacts of the SEDA Specific Plan on the water supply and distribution system proposed for the Plan Area.
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers
1.2 Summary of Analysis
The City’s General Plan assigned land use classifications to areas located within the SEDA Specific Plan Area. Each land use classification has a set of characteristics assigned to it with respect to a specific utility demand that have been determined and/or calculated by various contributing parties. The SEDA Specific Plan proposes new land use classifications for the Plan Area that may change the area’s characteristics as it relates to utilities, e.g., water demand, wastewater generation, or storm water runoff, when compared to the General Plan. Additionally, some land uses have revised areas, which further alters those characteristics.
Changes in land use can affect a water distribution system’s ability to supply, store, and distribute water to the City’s residents. New development will require the construction of new water distribution facilities which may include water mains, valves, storage tanks, and booster pump stations, as well as potential new sources of water supply, such as new domestic water wells or surface water treatment plants. The City of Fresno’s Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan (Metro Plan)1
and the Fresno General Plan Master Environmental Impact Report (MEIR)2 include a number of proposed water facilities improvements to account for increased development and water demand based on the General Plan buildout conditions. The City of Fresno is currently developing an update to the Metro Plan, which includes an updated analysis of water demand factors for General Plan land uses developed by Akel Engineering Group, Inc,3 which have been utilized in this analysis.
This technical study will focus on the analysis of water demand in the Plan Area, and how it may change based on Specific Plan development. The analysis to determine the change in water demands involved comparing the total demand determined for the Plan Area under both the General Plan and Specific Plan land use cases.
At the time of preparation of this study, the City was developing water demand factors for the new SEDA land use classifications. These factors were not available when completing the above stated analysis. Thus, a number of reasonable assumptions were made to correlate Specific Plan land uses with General Plan land uses in order to use the water demand factors prepared for the Metro Plan update.
This technical study focuses on specifically analyzing the change in water demand between the General Plan and the Specific Plan for SEDA in order to assist with the development of mitigation measures as needed.
1 City of Fresno, “Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan Update,” Phase 1 – 2007, Phase 2 – 2011, Phase 3 – 2011, Phase 4 – 2014.
2 City of Fresno, “Master Environmental Impact Report General Plan and Development Code Update,” 2014. 3 Akel Engineering Group Inc., “Water and Wastewater Unit Factor Update for Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan Update.”
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers Figure 1.1 SEDA Specific Plan Location
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers CHAPTER 2
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
2.1 General
The City of Fresno owns and operates the potable water distribution system that serves Fresno and other participating agencies, as well as the water supply sources and treatment facilities; specifically, the City Water Division manages the system. The City delivers potable water to urban residential, commercial, and industrial customers in over 115 square miles of the City, including many County islands and areas within the City’s Sphere of Influence (SOI). Fresno’s main sources of water include groundwater, treated surface water, and reclaimed water; groundwater is obtained through approximately 202 municipal supply wells located throughout Fresno; surface water is collected and treated at the Northeast Surface Water Treatment Facility (NESWTF), and the Southeast Surface Water Treatment Facility (SESWTF); reclaimed water is collected and treated at the Fresno-Clovis Regional Wastewater Reclamation Facility (RWRF) and the North Fresno Wastewater Reclamation Facility (NFWRF), and is mainly utilized for landscape irrigation.
There are a number of federal, state, and local regulations that must be adhered to when planning potable water facilities, many of which provide guidance and requirements for the handling and distribution of potable water, as well as regulations to safeguard water quality; several are discussed in the following sections.
2.2 Federal Regulations
Clean Water Act4
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, commonly referred to as the Clean Water Act (CWA), regulates the discharge of pollutants into watersheds throughout the United States and quality standards for surface waters. It is the primary federal law regulating and governing water pollution, with the objective of restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation’s waters. The CWA establishes the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants in waters of the United States and regulating quality standards for surface waters.
Under the CWA, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is tasked with developing national water quality criteria used as the basis for state water quality standards, and developing national water quality criteria recommendations for pollutants in surface waters. Water quality standards establish the designated use of a body of water (e.g., recreation, water supply, industrial, etc.), and a statement identifying the maximum concentrations of various pollutants that would not interfere with the designated use. Each state must set specific water quality standards, which serve as backup to federally set technology-based requirements. The City is responsible for monitoring water quality and conforming to the requirements of the CWA for all water sources.
Federal Safe Drinking Water Act5
The Federal Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) was established to protect the quality of drinking water in the United States. This law focuses on all waters actually or potentially designed for drinking, whether from above- or below-ground sources. The SDWA authorizes the EPA to establish national health-based minimum standards for drinking water to protect the public from naturally-occurring and man-made contaminants that may be found in drinking water. These standards, known as the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations, set enforceable maximum 4 Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. §1251 et seq. (1972).
5 Federal Safe Drinking Water Act, 42 U.S.C. §300f et seq. (1974).
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers contaminant levels for specific contaminants in drinking water, as well as required methods of treatment to remove said contaminants. The SDWA applies to all public water systems in the United States, except for private wells serving less than 25 people. In California, the Division of Drinking Water (DDW) within the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) regulates public drinking water systems. If the water system does not meet the aforementioned standards, it is the responsibility of the water supplier to notify its customers.
2.3 State Regulations
California Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act6
The Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act is the principal law governing water quality in California, for both above- and below-ground supplies. This act designated the SWRCB as the statewide water quality planning agency, and gave authority to nine Regional Water Quality Control Boards (RWQCB) to oversee water quality on a day-to-day basis at both the local and regional levels. RWQCBs develop Regional Water Quality Plans (Basin Plans), regulate all pollutant or nuisance discharges that may affect either surface water or groundwater, and implement said water quality plans. The Central Valley RWQCB oversees the Fresno area.
California Urban Water Management Planning Act7
The Urban Water Management Planning Act updated the California Water Code (§10610-10656 and 10608) to include a requirement that all urban water suppliers within California prepare and adopt an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) and update it every five years. This applies to suppliers that provide either 3,000 acre-feet of water annually, or who serve more than 3,000 customers. UWMPs support suppliers’ long-term resource planning to ensure that adequate water supplies are available to meet existing and future water demands. The Act is intended to encourage and support water conservation efforts, and ensure efficient use of available water supplies. UWMPs must assess the reliability of water sources over a 20-year planning time period, describe demand management measures and water shortage contingency plans, planning for single and multiple dry water years, and discuss the use and planned use of recycled water.
Senate Bills 610 and 2218
Senate Bill (SB) 610 and SB 221 amended state law in 2002 to ensure better coordination between local water supply and land use decisions, and to confirm that there is an adequate water supply for new developments. These two companion measures require authorities to demonstrate that adequate and reliable 20-year water supplies are available for any new development, as well as existing water users.
SB 610 requires the preparation of UWMPs and Water Supply Assessments (WSAs) for projects (as defined by Water Code §10912) which are subject to California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) provisions. Projects required to prepare a WSA include:
• Residential developments of more than 500 dwelling units; • Shopping centers or business establishments employing more than 1,000 persons or having more than 500,000 square feet of floor area;
• Hotels or motels, or both, having more than 500 rooms; 6 California Porter-Cologne Water Quality Act, California Water Code Div. 7 §13000 et seq. (1969). 7 California Urban Water Management Plan Act, California Water Code §10610-10656, 10608. 8 SB 610 Water Supply Planning, Chapter 643, Statutes of 2001, Costa; SB 221 Land Use: Water Supplies, Chapter 642, Statutes of 2001, Kuehl.
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers • Industrial, manufacturing or processing plants, or industrial parks planned to employ more than 1,000 persons, occupying more than 40 acres of land, or having more than 650,000 square feet of floor area;
• Mixed-use projects that include one or more of the projects specified above; • Projects that would demand an amount of water equivalent to, or greater than, the amount of water required for 500 dwelling units.
SB 221 establishes consultation and analysis requirements for water supply planning for residential subdivisions including more than 500 dwelling units. Written verification by the water supplier that sufficient water is available for the proposed plan is required before construction can begin.
California Groundwater Management Act of 19929
The Groundwater Management Act was signed into law in 1992, and made groundwater management part of the California Water Code (Division 6, Part 2.75, Chapters 1-5, §10750- 10755.4). First introduced as Assembly Bill (AB) 3030, the Act established specific procedures on how Groundwater Management Plans (GWMPs) are to be developed and adopted by local agencies. The intent of the Act is to encourage local agencies to work cooperatively to manage groundwater resources within their jurisdictions and to provide a methodology for developing a GWMP. The Act has since been modified by Senate Bill (SB) 1938 in 2002 and AB 359 in 2011. • AB 3030 provided a systematic procedure for existing local agencies to develop GWMPs. • SB 1938 modified the Act by requiring any public agency seeking State funds administered through the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) for the construction of groundwater projects to prepare and implement a GWMP.
• AB359 further modified the Act by requiring public agencies to prepare and implement GWMPs with an additional required component that focused on identifying groundwater recharge areas. It also included several plan adoption procedural changes, requires GWMPs to be submitted to DWR, and requires DWR to provide public access to this information.
Sustainable Groundwater Management Act of 2014 (SGMA)10 The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) includes a three-bill legislative package composed of AB 1739, SB 1168, and SB 1319. SGMA requires local agencies to form Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSAs) for high and medium priority basins, and develop and implement Groundwater Sustainability Plans (GSPs) to avoid and mitigate overdraft of groundwater within 20 years. SGMA places the authority of groundwater management with local agencies; it establishes a definition of sustainable groundwater management, establishes a framework for local agencies to develop plans and implement strategies to sustainably manage groundwater resources, prioritizes basins with the greatest problems, and sets a 20-year timeline for implementation.
State Updated Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (AB 1881) (2015)11 The Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO) is a state regulation designed to prevent water from being wasted on irrigated landscapes. Created in 1993, the MWELO was updated in 2015 by Executive Order EO B-29-15. Land use authorities (Cities and Counties) must ensure MWELO compliance on development projects with landscaped areas of 500 square feet or more. This applies to residential, commercial, industrial and institutional projects that require a 9 California Groundwater Management Act, California Water Code Division 6, Part 2.75, Chapters 1-5, §10750-10755.4. 10 Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA), California Water Code Div. 6, Part 2.74 §10720-10737.8 (2014). 11 Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO), Title 23 CCR, Div. 2, Chap. 2.7 §490 et seq.
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers permit, plan check, or design review. The California DWR provides technical assistance in helping Land Use Authorities adhere to the ordinance. The Fresno Municipal Code includes local ordinances that are required to reduce water consumption and conserve water.
State Mandated Water Reductions12
On January 18, 2022, as a result of drought conditions in California, the California SWRCB adopted Emergency Regulation Requirements for water conservation. The Governor previously urged Californians to reduce water usage in 2021 by 15%, however actual reduction was only about 6%. Thus, the SWRCB has enacted emergency regulations that will remain in effect for one year unless the SWRCB acts to end, modify, or readopt it. These regulations were readopted in December 2022 for another year. The regulations prohibit certain wasteful water use practices statewide, and encourage Californians to monitor their water usage more closely. Emergency Regulation Requirements prohibit using potable water for:
• Outdoor watering that lets water run onto sidewalks and other areas (except incidental runoff)
• Washing vehicles without an automatic shutoff nozzle
• Washing hard surfaces, like driveways and sidewalks, that don’t absorb water • Street cleaning or construction site preparation
• Filling decorative fountains, lakes, or ponds
• Outdoor watering within 48 hours after it rains at least 1/4 inch of rainfall • Watering ornamental turf on public medians
An additional emergency water conservation regulation was enacted in June 2022 that prohibits the use of potable water to water decorative grass in commercial, industrial, and institutional areas including common areas of homeowners’ associations.13 The regulation also requires urban water suppliers to implement all demand-reduction actions under “Level 2” of their Water Shortage Contingency Plans, which are actions meant to address a 10% to 20% water shortage.
Additionally, urban water suppliers are required to fast-track their submissions of supply and demand assessments to plan for potential extended dry conditions. “Level 2” actions vary for each water supplier, but often include things like increasing communication about the importance of water conservation, limiting outdoor irrigation to certain days or hours, increasing patrolling to identify water waste, and enforcing water-use prohibitions.
CALGreen Building Code14
The California Building Standards Commission adopted the nation’s first green building standards in 2008. The standards code (Part 11, Title 24 CCR, known as “CALGreen”) was adopted to apply to the planning, design, operation, construction, use, and occupancy of every newly constructed building or structure, unless otherwise indicated in the CCR, throughout California. CALGreen established planning and design standards for sustainable site development including water conservation. CALGreen provisions became effective on January 1, 2011. The purpose of the CALGreen provisions is to improve public health, safety, and general welfare by enhancing the design and construction of buildings through the use of concepts having reduced negative impact or positive environmental impact and encouraging sustainable construction practices. 12 State Water Resources Control Board Resolution No. 2022-0002, “To Adopt an Emergency Regulation to Supplement Voluntary Water Conservation,” 2022.
13 State Water Resources Control Board Resolution No. 2022-0018, “To Adopt an Emergency Regulation to Reduce Water Demand and Improve Water Conservation.” 2022.
14 California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen), Title 24 CCR Part 11.
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers California Plumbing Code15
The California Plumbing Code (Part 5, Title 24 CCR) serves to prevent disorder in the industry and to consolidate plumbing codes utilized by local jurisdictions to reduce confusion and conflicts among varying practices. The Plumbing Code covers water fixtures, potable and non-potable water systems, and recycled water systems, among other topics. Potable water supply and distribution facilities shall comply with all applicable provisions of the current edition of the California Plumbing Code.
2.4 Local Regulations
Fresno General Plan
The City’s General Plan contains the following goals, policies, and objectives relevant to the provision of potable water service and facilities (Table 2.1):
Table 2.1 City of Fresno General Plan Objectives and Policies Relevant to Potable Water Supply
Objective/Policy
Number Objective/Policy Text
Objective PU-3 Enhance the level of fire protection to meet the increasing demand for services from an increasing population.
Policy PU-3-f Adequate Infrastructure. Continue to pursue the provision of adequate water supplies, hydrants, and appropriate property access to allow for adequate fire suppression throughout the City.
Objective PU-8 Manage and Develop the City’s water facilities on a strategic timeline basis that recognizes the long life cycle of the assets and the duration of the resources, to ensure a safe, economical, and reliable water supply for existing customers and planned urban development and economic diversification.
Policy PU-8-a Forecast Need. Use available and innovative tools, such as computerized flow modeling to determine system capacity, as necessary to forecast demand on water production and distribution systems by urban development, and to determine appropriate facility needs.
Policy PU-8-b Potable Water Supply and Cost Recovery. Prepare for provision of increased potable water capacity (including surface water treatment capacity) in a timely manner to facilitate planned urban development consistent with the General Plan. Accommodate increase in water demand from the existing community with the capital costs and benefits allocated equitably and fairly between existing users and new users, as authorized by law, and recognizing the differences in terms of quantity, quality and reliability of the various types of water in the City’s portfolio.
Policy PU-8-c Conditions of Approval. Set appropriate conditions of approval for each new development proposal to ensure that the necessary potable water production and supply facilities and water resources are in place prior to occupancy.
Policy PU-8-d CIP Update. Continue to evaluate Capital Improvement Programs and update them, as appropriate, to meet the demands of both existing and planned development consistent with the General Plan.
Policy PU-8-f Water Quality. Continue to evaluate and implement measures determined to be appropriate and consistent with water system policies, including prioritizing 15 California Plumbing Code, Title 24 CCR Part 5.
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers Objective/Policy
Number Objective/Policy Text
the use of groundwater, installing wellhead treatment facilities, and enhancing transmission grid mains to promote adequate water quality and quantity.
Policy PU-8-g Review Project Impact on Supply. Mitigate the effects of development and capital improvement projects on the long-range water budget to ensure an adequate water supply for current and future users.
Objective RC-6 Ensure that Fresno has a reliable, long-range source of drinkable water.
Policy RC-6-a Regional Efforts. Support cooperative, multi-agency regional water resource planning efforts and activities on developing and implementing the Upper Kings Basin Integrated Regional Water Management Plan.
Policy RC-6-b Water Plans. Adopt and Implement ordinances, standards, and policies to achieve the intent of the City of Fresno Urban Water Management Plan, Fresno-Area Regional Groundwater Management Plan, and City of Fresno Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan to ensure a dependable supply of water.
Policy RC-6-c Land Use and Development Compliance. Ensure that land use and development projects adhere to the objective of the Fresno Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan to provide sustainable and reliable water supplies to meet the demand of existing and future customers through 2025.
Objective RC-7 Promote water conservation through standards, incentives and capital investments.
Fresno Municipal Code – Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO) As stated, MWELO requires local agencies to implement water efficiency measures as part of its review of landscaping plans. Local agencies can either adopt the MWELO or incorporate provisions of the ordinance into its own code requirements for landscaping. Section 11 of Chapter 11, “Building Permits and Regulations,” and Section 23 of Chapter 15, “Citywide Development Code,” of the City Municipal Code include requirements for landscape design and incorporates the requirements of the California MWELO, among other state codes and regulations. For new landscaping projects of 2,500 square feet of more that require a discretionary or ministerial approval, the applicant is required to submit a detailed “Landscape Documentation Package” that discusses water efficiency, soil management, and landscape design elements.
City of Fresno Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan The City of Fresno Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan (Metro Plan) was prepared to document the existing conditions of the City’s water system, and facilitate future water resources decisions and facilities improvements. Phase 1 consists of a baseline system characterization16, Phase 2 consists of the development and evaluation of future water supplies17 ,
Phase 3 consists of implementation of the management plan18, and Phase 4 included the preparation of an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) for the City. 19 Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 8 of Phase 2 discuss objectives, goals and policies related to potable water, including water conservation (Chapter 4), groundwater (Chapter 5), surface water (Chapter 6), and future water supplies (Chapter 8). It should be noted that this plan was prepared in 2011, and a number of the 16 City of Fresno, “Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan, Phase 1 Baseline System Characterization,” December 2007.
17 City of Fresno, “Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan, Phase 2 Alternative Development and Evaluation of Future Water Supply Plan,” January 2011.
18 City of Fresno, “Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan, Phase 3 Implementation Plan,” January 2011. 19 City of Fresno, “Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan Update, Final Environmental Impact Report,” May 2014.
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers stated objectives/goals/policies have already been completed. At the time of preparation of this study, an update to the Metro Plan is being developed by the City.
Urban Water Management Plan20
The City’s Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) was prepared as a requirement of the Urban Water Management Planning Act (UWMPA).21 The UWMP outlines a water supplier’s long-term water resource planning to ensure sufficient water supplies for existing and future demands; it essentially sets the roadmap for how the City will utilize water over the coming years. UWMPs are updated and submitted to the Department of Water Resources (DWR) every five (5) years.
The UWMPA applies to urban water suppliers with 3,000 or more connections being served, or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually. The most recent version of the City’s UWMP was prepared for 2020.
City of Fresno Standard Specifications and Plans
The City maintains its own set of standard Specifications and Plans to be followed when designing and constructing City projects. Those related to the water distribution system include, but are not limited to:
• Standard Specifications
o Section 21 – Domestic Water Facilities Design Criteria o Section 22 – Water Facilities
o Section 25 – Landscape Irrigation Systems
• Standard Plans
o Plans W-1 through W-45
20 City of Fresno, “2020 Urban Water Management Plan,” July 2021. 21 Division 6, Part 2.6, California Water Code, §10610-10656.
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers CHAPTER 3
EXISTING CONDITIONS
3.1 Water Infrastructure
3.1.1 General
The City of Fresno Water Division manages and operates the City’s water system. The City provides potable water to over 550,000 customers including residential, commercial, and industrial users, in an approximately 115 square mile (73,500 acre) area that includes many County islands (unincorporated areas within the City), and areas within the City’s Sphere of Influence (SOI). Fresno’s domestic water supplies include groundwater, surface water, and reclaimed water.
The City’s water system consists of approximately 1,860 miles of distribution and transmission pipes, 202 active groundwater wells, three (3) surface water treatment facilities (SWTFs), five (5) water storage facilities with pump stations, and three (3) booster pump facilities. The Service Area declines in elevation generally from the northeast to the southwest; to assist with pressure regulation, the area is divided into five (5) pressure zones: Highway 41, Shepherd, Sierra, Southwest, and Booster Pump 4 (BP04). The zones are separated by a series of closed/partially closed valves to prevent and/or impede flow from one zone to another.
3.1.2 Water Sources
The City is located within the Kings River Subbasin of the San Joaquin Valley Groundwater Basin.
Historically, the City has relied heavily on groundwater pumped from the underground basin and aquifers. The City has a network of over 270 municipal water wells and operates approximately 202 active municipal supply wells that access groundwater from said basin.22 The production capacity from the active wells is approximately 403 MGD (million gallons per day), and the total capacity including inactive wells is approximately 487 MGD. The wells are located around the City, and most are directly connected into the water distribution system. The City’s water system depended completely upon groundwater as a water source until 2004 when the first surface water treatment facility (SWTF) was commissioned. Today, groundwater is still heavily relied upon as a primary water source for the City.
Groundwater quality generally meets primary and secondary drinking water standards for municipal water use, however the groundwater basin has been impacted by several chemical contaminant plumes and nitrates that require monitoring and wellhead treatment. Treatment efforts and removal of specific wells from service are conducted as required to maintain drinking water supply quality and standards.
In 2004, the City commissioned the Northeast Surface Water Treatment Facility (NESWTF). The facility, located at Chestnut and Behymer Avenues, is designed for a 30-MGD capacity, and is planned to be expanded to a total of 60 MGD as development in Fresno continues. The NESWTF has reduced the City’s dependance on groundwater and allowed an increased degree of groundwater recharge to occur. The City also constructed a water storage and modular surface water treatment facility (T-3 SWTF) in 2015 in southeast Fresno, which has a design capacity of 8 MGD.
22 City of Fresno, “2020 Urban Water Management Plan,” July 2021.
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers Most recently, the City completed construction of the Southeast Surface Water Treatment Facility (SESWTF) in 2018, which is a 54-MGD facility with an ultimate capacity of 80 MGD. This included a 72-inch raw water transmission main to convey surface water from FID’s Fresno Canal to the SESWTF. T-3 was shut down after the SESWTF was activated, however the City has indicated that there are future plans to reactivate the site. With the SESWTF and NESWTF combined, the City provided greater than 50% of its potable water supply through the use of surface water in 2019 and 2020.23 Moving forward, the City expects to provide half or more of its potable water demand with surface water supplies. According to the 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, groundwater pumping has decreased steadily since Fresno began utilizing surface water; groundwater production decreased from 160,000 acre-feet in 2004 to 55,000 acre-feet in 2020.23 A portion of the surface water that is treated at the SWTFs is supplied via agreements that the City maintains with the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) and the FID. In the 1960s, the City contracted with the USBR to receive 60,000 acre-feet of surface water per year to utilize for “intentional recharge” of the groundwater basin. This was completed by constructing recharge basins to store the surface water which was allowed to percolate through the soil to the aquifer.
The surface water is conveyed to these basins through FID (Fresno Irrigation District) canals.
Historically, the amount of water supplied varies year to year, averaging around 60,000 acre-feet; however, there have been extremely dry years in which no water was supplied. Additionally, the City signed an agreement with FID in 1976 for the delivery of surface water supplies from the Kings River based on the City’s pro rata share of FID’s water entitlements. The most recent agreement with FID made in 2016 placed a maximum percentage of FID’s Kings River water at 29%. The average FID delivery between 1964 and 2019 was 452,541 acre-feet, which equates to an average City supply of 131,237 acre-feet, assuming the maximum 29% City supply percentage. The water supplied from both the USBR and FID agreements is used for groundwater recharge and potable use after treatment at one of the SWTFs.
Fresno is located within the North Kings Groundwater Sustainability Agency (GSA), which is working to reach groundwater sustainability in accordance with SGMA. SGMA requires governments and water agencies of “critically overdrafted” basins to reach sustainability by 2040; the Kings River Subbasin was identified as a critically overdrafted basin. As a result, the City has placed a higher priority on developing its surface water supply and decreasing its reliability on groundwater to allow the basin to recharge. This is being accomplished via intentional groundwater recharge in dedicated recharge basins around Fresno. The City also contracts with FID and FMFCD to utilize some of their facilities as additional recharge basins.
With the completion of various portions of the City’s recycled water distribution system, and the upgrades at the Fresno-Clovis RWRF to allow disinfected tertiary-treatment of collected wastewater, the City has been using recycled water for beneficial uses in an effort to reduce reliance on potable water for non-potable uses. Disinfected tertiary treated wastewater can be used for a number of non-potable uses, including but not limited to landscaping irrigation, industrial processes, golf course irrigation, and agricultural irrigation. Additionally, the City discharges undisinfected secondary-treated wastewater into nearby percolation ponds at the Fresno-Clovis RWRF to allow the effluent to percolate through the soil into the aquifer. The City then extracts this water for delivery through FID facilities for agricultural users. The City also owns and operates the NFWRF, which produces recycled water used for irrigation at the Copper River Ranch Golf Course. Flows received at the Fresno-Clovis RWRF have averaged approximately 63,000 acre-feet over the last 5 years, and the City projects that recycled water deliveries will increase to 5,800 acre-feet per year of non-potable demand. These supplies will continue to help reduce potable water demand, and lend themselves to water conservation efforts. 23 City of Fresno, “2020 Urban Water Management Plan,” July 2021.
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3.1.3 Water Distribution
The City’s water distribution system consists of approximately 1,800 miles of distribution pipeline ranging in size from ¾-inch to 66 inches, 140,000+ service connections, 12,000+ fire hydrants, 18,000+ main line valves, and several booster pumps and storage tanks.
Generally, the Transmission Grid Mains (TGMs) convey water directly from municipal supply wells to customers, and Regional Transmission Mains (RTMs) convey water from surface water treatment plants to TGMs. TGM pipes range in size from 10 to 16 inches in diameter, and RTM pipes are 18 inches and larger. There is also a network of smaller distribution mains that serve individual customers via TGMs. Fire hydrants are located at regular intervals and served from the same distribution mains as all other customers. Main line valves are located at regular intervals and are used to shut down and isolate sections of the distribution system for emergency repairs, regular maintenance, or replacement projects. These valves are also used to regulate flows between the pressure zones as mentioned in Section 3.1.1. Booster pump stations help maintain the pressure within the system. There are a number of other miscellaneous appurtenances associated with the distribution system designed to assist regular operation, including air release/vacuum breaker assemblies, blow-off valves, backflow preventers, and access manways.
Figure 3.1 shows the main infrastructure of the existing City water distribution system.
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers Figure 3.1 Existing City Water Distribution System
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers CHAPTER 4
FUTURE WATER INFRASTRUCTURE
4.1 General
Future water supply and distribution facilities are included in the City’s Metro Plan. The City’s General Plan includes developmental policies for water supply and distribution facilities for the City of Fresno, including growth areas such as SEDA.
4.2 General Plan Policies
The General Plan discusses aspects of the water supply and distribution system as they pertain to development in Fresno. As mentioned, the City owns, operates, and maintains the water supply and distribution system that serves Fresno and other participating agencies. See Table 2.1 for a summary of objectives and policies related to water facilities and infrastructure.
4.3 Buildout Improvements
The City Metro Plan analyzed the City’s water supplies, treatment, storage, and distribution facilities for the existing conditions at the time the plan was drafted, and future needs based on General Planning policies and goals. The current version of the Metro Plan was completed in four (4) phases – Phase 1, “Baseline System Characterization,” covered the existing conditions and analyzed the “Future without Project” alternative, or the impacts of development without additional planning; Phase 2, “Alternative Development and Evaluation of Future Water Supply Plan,” analyzed different alternatives for development and infrastructure improvements to meet water resource challenges resulting from future development identified in Phase 1; Phase 3, “Implementation Plan,” described the recommended alternative from Phase 2 and the funding and implementation plan for the alternative; and Phase 4, “Project/Programmatic Environmental Impact Report (EIR),” included the preparation of an EIR to evaluate potential impacts from the infrastructure improvements and future development included in the chosen alternative. The Phases were each developed and finalized at different times, with Phase 1 being approved in 2007, Phase 2 and 3 approved in 2011, and Phase 4 approved in 2014.
The Metro Plan and the Urban Water Management Plan (2020) include several objectives, goals, and policies to improve and develop water infrastructure as development progresses in the City.
The critical focal points of the water system development are the implementation of further water conservation measures, installation of new municipal groundwater wells, increased groundwater recharge efforts to bring the City’s groundwater pumpage into balance with its recharge rate, maximize use of available surface water, increased use of recycled water for landscape irrigation and other non-potable uses, and the acquisition of future water supplies when available.
At the time of preparation of this study, an update to the Metro Plan is being developed by the City. This update is revising the proposed improvements to the City’s future water infrastructure, including that for the SEDA Specific Plan Area. There are a number of general improvements for the Plan Area included in the previous Metro Plan that will remain, including new municipal groundwater wells, water storage facilities, expansions to surface water treatment facilities, water booster pumps, and new water distribution mains, including Regional Transmission Mains (RTMs) and Transmission Grid Mains (TGMs). Improvements may include:
• New municipal groundwater wells
o Municipal wells with wellhead treatment as needed
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers • Expansion of the NESWTF
• Water storage tanks and booster pump stations
• Extension of 48-inch diameter RTM
• Transmission Grid Mains of various sizes
• Recharge inter-ties to FMFCD basins.
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers CHAPTER 5
SPECIFIC PLAN WATER DEMAND ANALYSIS
5.1 General
The SEDA Specific Plan revised the General Plan buildout land use classifications in the Plan Area to new SEDA-specific land use classifications – see Figure 5.1 for the General Plan Land Use Map of the Plan Area, and Figure 5.2 for the SEDA Specific Plan Land Use Map for the chosen alternative for the Plan Area. With changes in land use classifications, the Plan Area will need to be evaluated for impacts to the proposed water supply and distribution system due to changes in water demand.
Figure 5.1 General Plan Land Use Map for SEDA Plan Area Source: City of Fresno General Plan, Figure LU-1, December 2014, Figure Updated 3/2/2021 City of Fresno SEDA Specific Plan Program EIR
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers Figure 5.2 SEDA Proposed Land Use
Source: Southeast Development Area Specific Plan Notice of Preparation, First Carbon Solutions, 02/2022
5.2 Analysis Methodology
The technical analysis of the land use changes in the Plan Area was focused on comparing the change in water demand from the General Plan Land Use case to the Specific Plan Land Use case to determine potential impacts to the water supply and distribution system, and to assist in the development of mitigation measures if necessary. General Plan land use classifications and Specific Plan land use classifications were provided by the City of Fresno Planning and Development Department in the form of GIS (Geographic Information System) and Shape files.
GIS and Shape files were also obtained from the City of Fresno Department of Public Utilities for the existing water facilities in Fresno.
The SEDA Specific Plan does not use the same land use classifications as defined in the General Plan, and instead utilizes SEDA-specific land use classifications developed as part of the Specific Plan. At the time of preparation of this technical study, the City was developing water demand City of Fresno SEDA Specific Plan Program EIR
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers factors for the SEDA-specific land uses as was done for the General Plan land uses; these factors were unavailable during the completion of the analysis for this technical study. However, the SEDA-specific land uses are similar in nature to many of the General Plan land uses, and similarities can be drawn between the two land use categories. Thus, a number of reasonable assumptions were made to determine equivalent General Plan land uses for each SEDA-specific land use in order to utilize the water demand factors for General Plan land uses. Table 5.1 shows the equivalent General Plan land uses established for each Specific Plan land use case as described below.
For the General Plan land use case, the technical memorandum prepared for the City of Fresno General Plan Update MEIR24 was used to obtain projected water demand data for SEDA. In the memorandum, analyses were completed to project water demands for 2035, which is the buildout year for the City’s General Plan. The analyses included one completed for the SEDA based on the land uses included in the General Plan; the demand determined for SEDA was 21,834 acft/year.
For the Specific Plan analysis, the water demand factors used were prepared by Akel Engineering as part of the Metro Plan Update.25 Table 5.1 shows the equivalent General Plan land uses and the associated category included in the Metro Plan updated table of factors, and Table 5.2 shows the water demand factors used for each equivalent General Plan land use classification that was determined for each SEDA Specific Plan land use. It should be noted that some General Plan land uses did not exactly match up with those listed in the water demand factors, and some assumptions were made to determine approximate water demand factors; see Appendix B for the full list of water demand factors.
The GIS files for the General and Specific Plan land uses were georeferenced to the California State Plane Coordinate System, Zone 4, Foot, NAD83 Datum for analysis. This allowed mapping of the land uses to pull information necessary to complete the analysis, including the area of each land use. The water demand factors were then used with the area of the corresponding land use classification to determine a total water demand for the Plan Area based on the General Plan and the Specific Plan developments. The total water demand for the Plan Area based on the General Plan case was compared to that of the Specific Plan case, resulting in the total change in water demand for the Plan Area.
5.3 Analysis Results
The base water demand for all land uses in the Plan Area was found for both the General Plan and the Specific Plan conditions. The total General Plan base water demand was 21,843 AF/year, or 19.50 MGD,24 and the Specific Plan base water demand was found to be 19.83 MGD, resulting in an increase in water demand of approximately 0.33 MGD, or 1.7%. See Table 5.3 and Table
5.4 for the results of the analysis and a direct comparison of the General Plan and Specific Plan water demands; see Appendix A for a more detailed version of the analysis.
There may be a number of reasons as to why water demand increased from the General Plan to the Specific Plan. One reason may be that the SEDA boundary increased from that shown in the General Plan, indicated by the increased area of total land uses. The total area of the General 24 West Yost Associates, “Hydraulic Evaluation of the Proposed 2035 General Plan Land Use Update for the Master Environmental Impact Report,” “Table 2. Water Demand Comparison for General Land Use Plan Land Changes,” January 21, 2013. 25Akel Engineering Group Inc., “Water and Wastewater Unit Factor Update for Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan Update,” October 2020.
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers Plan land uses is 8,253.76 acres, while the total area of the Specific Plan land uses is 8,325.57 acres – an increase of approximately 72 acres. This increase will lend itself to an increase in water demand based on which land uses increased in area.
Another contributor to increased water demands is changes in land use classifications. For the most part, the land use classifications remained fairly similar in nature and category when transitioning from the General Plan to the Specific Plan. However, a few areas of land uses changed to different land uses that have larger water demand factors; these include “Public Facilities – School with Park,” “Buffer,” and some low density residential areas. Per the SEDA Specific Plan land use map, all but one area defined as “School with Park” in the General Plan land use map changed to the SEDA “Neighborhood Center” land use. Similarly, the areas denoted as “Buffer” land use in the General Plan changed to “Rural Cluster Residential” in the SEDA Specific Plan. To a lesser extent, some of the “Low Density” residential areas in the General Plan were changed to residential land uses with higher densities in the Specific Plan. These combined changes lead to cumulative increases in the water demand of the Plan Area.
Finally, many SEDA land uses increased in area from their General Plan counterparts seemingly due to the elimination of the “Open Space” land uses included in the General Plan for the Plan Area, which totaled approximately 617 acres. As shown in Figure 5.1 and Table 5.3, “Open Space,” and “Community Park,” were removed from the Plan Area, and those areas were absorbed by adjacent land uses, including various residential, mixed use, and employment land uses. Several Open Space land uses have a water demand factor of 0 gpd/ac, and many others have significantly smaller demand factors than other land uses; consequently, this means that some portion of the 617 acres were added to other land uses with larger water demand factors, thereby increasing the total water demand of the SEDA Plan Area when compared to the General Plan buildout condition.
Table 5.1 General Plan–SEDA–General Plan Equivalent Land Use Classifications SEDA Specific Plan Land
Use Classifications A
Equivalent General Plan
Land Use Classification B Water Demand Factor Category C Residential – Mixed
Residential
Residential – Urban
Neighborhood
Residential – Medium High & High
Density
Residential – Neighborhood
Residential
Residential – Medium
Density Residential – Medium Density
Residential – Rural
Residential Residential – Low Density Residential – Low Density Residential – Rural Cluster
Residential Residential – Low Density Residential – Rural Density Employment – Office Center Employment – Office Commercial – Office Employment – Flexible
Research & Development
Employment – Business
Park
Commercial – Professional Services
Office
Employment –
Regional Business Park Commercial – Regional
Employment – Institutional Public Facilities – College Public Facilities – College Employment – Institutional Public Facilities – School
with Park
Public Facilities – SEGA School with
Park
Mixed Use – Regional
Center
Mixed Use – Regional Mixed
Use
Residential – High Density,
Commercial – Regional, & Public
Facilities – Community Activity Center
Mixed Use – Community
Center
Mixed Use – Corridor/Center
Mixed Use
Public Facilities – Community Activity
Center
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers SEDA Specific Plan Land
Use Classifications A
Equivalent General Plan
Land Use Classification B Water Demand Factor Category C Mixed Use – Neighborhood
Center
Public Facilities –
Neighborhood Center
Residential – Medium High Density,
Commercial – Neighborhood, & Public
Facilities – Neighborhood Center
Open Space – Flood
Control Basin
Open Space – Ponding
Basin Open Space – Ponding Basin
Other Streets/Railroad/Canals/Etc. N/A
Table 5.2 Metro Plan Update Water Demand Factors26
Water Demand Factor Category Water Demand Factor
(gpd/ac)
Residential
Medium High & High Density 5,140 A
Medium Density 2,810
Low Density 2,050
Rural Density 1,415
Commercial
Office 2,440
Professional Services Office 2,420
Regional 1,685
Public Facilities
College 1,665
SEGA School with Park 2,895
High Density Residential, Regional
Commercial, & Community Activity Center 2,106 B
Community Activity Center 1,930
Medium High Density Residential,
Neighborhood Commercial, &
Neighborhood Center
1,851 C
Open Space
Ponding Basin 0
Other
Railroad/Streets/Canals/Etc. N/A
26 Akel Engineering Group Inc., “Water and Wastewater Unit Factor Update for Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan Update,” October 2020.
A City of Fresno, “Notice of Preparation of a Program Environmental Impact Report for the Southeast Development Area Specific Plan, Fresno, California,” February 22, 2022.
B City of Fresno, “Fresno General Plan,” December 18, 2014.
C Akel Engineering Group Inc., “Water and Wastewater Unit Factor Update for Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan Update A Average of Medium High and High Density Residential Water Demand Factors B Combination of High Density Residential, Regional Commercial, and Community Activity Center C Combination of Medium High Density Residential, Neighborhood Commercial, and Neighborhood Center
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers Table 5.3 Specific Plan (SP) Anticipated Water Demand per Land Use Classification GP Land Use Classification SP Equivalent Land Use
Classification
Water Demand
Factor A,B
(GPD/ac)
SP Area
(ac)
SP Base
Water
(MGD)
Residential - Low Density Residential - Rural Residential 2,050 2,037.69 4.18 Residential - Medium Density Residential - Neighborhood Residential 2,810 1,434.91 4.03
Residential - Urban
Neighborhood Residential - Mixed Residential 5,140 A 1,026.26 5.27 Employment - Office Employment - Office Center 2,440 154.47 0.38 Employment - Business Park
Employment - Flexible Research
and Development
2,420 16.54 0.04
Employment - Regional
Business Park 1,685 1,287.53 2.17
Mixed Use -Corridor/Center
Mixed Use Mixed Used - Community Center 1,930 273.88 0.53 Mixed Use - Regional Mixed
Use Mixed Use - Regional Center 2,106 B 291.71 0.61
Open Space - Open Space N/A 865 0 0.00
Open Space - Community Park N/A 2,620 0 0.00
Open Space - Ponding Basin Other - Flood Control Basin 0 265.78 0.00 Public Facilities - College
Employment - Institutional
1,665 116.26 0.19
Public Facilities - School with
Park 2,895 149.77 0.43
Public Facilities - School with
Park
Mixed Use - Neighborhood
Center 1,851 C 491.38 0.91
Buffer - Buffer Residential - Rural Cluster
Residential 1,415 D 766.47 1.08
Other - Street/Rail/ Canal, etc. Other 0 12.94 0.00
Totals - - 8,325.57 19.83
Table 5.4 Difference Between General Plan and Specific Plan Anticipated Water Demand SEDA General Plan Total
Base Water Demand
(MGD)
SEDA Specific Plan Total
Base Water Demand
(MGD)
Usage ∆
(MGD)
Usage ∆
(%)
19.5 19.83 0.33 1.7%
A Average of Medium High and High Density Residential Water Demand Factors B Combination of High Density Residential, Regional Commercial, and Community Activity Center C Combination of Medium High Density Residential, Neighborhood Commercial, and Neighborhood Center D Rural Density Water Demand Factor used for Rural Cluster Residential Land Use.
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220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers CHAPTER 6
IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
6.1 SEDA Planning
Improvements within the Plan Area will require modifications to master planned potable water facilities and infrastructure.
A draft policy document has been completed for the SEDA Specific Plan (March 2022), which includes updated policies for the Plan Area, and proposed improvements to meet the chosen alternative for development of the area. Included among these are policies directly related to potable water in the Plan Area.27 Refer to the SEDA Specific Plan policy document for details on policies related to potable water.
6.2 Impacts of Significance
The proposed Specific Plan would result in a significant impact if it would:
1. Require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water or wastewater treatment facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental effects.
The potential long-term impacts related to water supply, treatment, and distribution requirements of the General Plan versus the Specific Plan differ by 1.7%; the implementation of the proposed Specific Plan may result in the need for expansion of water supply and treatment facilities, and will require construction of new distribution facilities to serve future land uses in the Plan Area. Thus, development of the Plan Area could result in significant impacts to the existing water supply and distribution system. A summary of master planned proposed water supply, treatment, and distribution infrastructure that may accommodate future development associated with the Specific Plan include:
• New municipal groundwater wells
o Municipal wells with wellhead treatment as needed
• Expansion of the NESWTF
• Water storage tanks and booster pump stations
• Extension of 48-inch diameter RTM
• Transmission Grid Mains of various sizes
• Recharge inter-ties to FMFCD basins.
Potential environmental impacts associated with such improvements include but are not limited to: traffic, air emissions, noise, water quality, aesthetics, agricultural resources, biological resources, and cultural resources. The Specific Plan establishes mitigation measures for impacts in these areas associated with construction of expanded or new water infrastructure. These may include traffic control/management plans to address traffic impacts during construction, various capital improvement plans, and the reevaluation of water master plan documents. Without mitigation, the impacts would be significant.
2. Have insufficient water supplies available to serve the project reasonably for the foreseeable future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years. 27 City of Fresno, “Southeast Development Area Specific Plan Policy Draft,” March 2022.
City of Fresno SEDA Specific Plan Program EIR
Water Technical Study Page 24 of 26
220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers As shown by the 1.7% increase in water demand, existing City of Fresno water supplies could be sufficient to supply the future development in SEDA in addition to the existing demands. Current City water supply sources are as follows:
Groundwater – The City owns and operates 270 municipal water wells with 202 active wells; projected groundwater supply for the City of Fresno in 2035 is 149,100 AFY (acreft per year).28 Surface Water – The City owns and operates two (2) surface water treatment facilities – the NESWTF and the SESWTF. The NESWTF has a design capacity of 30 MGD expandable to 60 MGD, and the SESWTF has a design capacity of 54 MGD expandable to 80 MGD. The surface water is obtained from the Kings River via an agreement with FID, and from the Friant-Kern Canal through an agreement with the USBR. Treated surface water is used for potable uses and groundwater recharge. The projected surface water supply for the City of Fresno in 2035 is 191,600 AFY (60,000 via USBR, 131,600 via FID).28
Recycled Water – The City owns and operates the Fresno-Clovis RWRF and the NFWRF, which collect and treat wastewater from City users to various levels of treatment for nonpotable uses. The Fresno-Clovis RWRF produces undisinfected secondary-treated effluent for use as restricted irrigation water for farmland and for groundwater recharge via discharge into adjacent percolation ponds, and disinfected tertiary-treated effluent for distribution through the City’s recycled water distribution system for non-potable uses, including landscape irrigation and industrial processes. The NFWRF collects and treats wastewater to a disinfected tertiary-treated level for use as landscape irrigation supply for the Copper River Ranch Golf Course. The projected supply of recycled water for the City of Fresno in 2035 is 5,910 AFY.28
The UWMP presents actual data available for water supply and demand for the year 2020, as well as projected water usage. For 2020, the actual total potable water demand for the City was 121,993 AF28, and the projected potable water demand for the City in 2035 is 154,210 AF.28 Additionally, the projected non-potable water demand for the City for groundwater recharge is 68,100 AF for 2035.28
The estimated groundwater yield for the City in 2035 was projected to be 149,100 AF28, assuming groundwater characteristics are not altered due to climatic events or regulatory influences from SGMA, indicating that groundwater alone will not be sufficient to meet future City demands, including those for SEDA. However, estimated surface water supplies for the City are projected to be 191,600 AF for 2035 (60,000 via USBR, 131,600 via FID) during normal water years, as well as 5,910 AF of recycled water.28 Total projected water supply for the City in 2035 is 346,610 AF during normal water years and assuming groundwater characteristics are not altered due to climatic events or regulatory influences from SGMA, and total projected demand is 222,310 AF. The estimated increase in total water use for SEDA in accordance with the Specific Plan selected alternative is
0.33 MGD, or 1.03 AF. This results in a modified projected potable demand for the City of 154,211 AF, with a total water demand (potable and non-potable) of 222,311 AF.
In the event of a single dry year, the projected water supply for 2035 is 200,862 AF assuming groundwater characteristics are not altered due to climatic events or regulatory influences from SGMA, and the projected demand is 184,174 AF; Table 7-3 of the UWMP shows the projected water supplies and demands for multiple dry years.28 28 City of Fresno, “2020 Urban Water Management Plan,” July 2021.
City of Fresno SEDA Specific Plan Program EIR
Water Technical Study Page 25 of 26
220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers The City Metro Plan Update will include proposed infrastructure improvements necessary to sustain development in SEDA, including the construction of new groundwater wells, surface water treatment plant expansions, and expansion of the Regional Transmission water distribution system. Impacts would be significant without mitigation measures. Since the increase in water demand for the Specific Plan Area is 1.7% from the General Plan condition, the impacts to water supply could be potentially significant; upon compliance with regulatory requirements, proposed policies for full implementation of the proposed Specific Plan, proposed mitigation measures, and construction of proposed water supply and distribution system infrastructure, the impact could be reduced. The normal water year supply projected for the City of Fresno in 2035 is 346,610 AF, and total projected demand is 222,310 AF. All water supply scenarios for dry years for 2035 are sufficient to accommodate the increase in water demand for the Specific Plan Area of 1.03 AF assuming groundwater characteristics are not altered due to climatic events or regulatory influences from SGMA.
The City shall develop and implement water conservation measures to reduce the per capita water use, and continue to refine and implement water saving and conservation standards for new developments approved under the Specific Plan. The City shall complete these measures and standards prior to approving any new project applications for future development in the Plan Area that require a discretionary approval and shall confirm that each project has incorporated the refined measures and standards prior to issuing approval. The City shall also continue to implement the City of Fresno Water Conservation Program, as may be updated, and periodically update restrictions on water uses, and evaluate the feasibility of the conservation target identified as part of the Fresno General Plan MEIR. The City shall complete these measures prior to approving any new project applications for future development in the Plan Area that require a discretionary approval and shall confirm that each project has incorporated any resulting standards prior to issuing approval.
The City shall refine landscape water conservation standards that will apply to new development installed landscapes, building on the State Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO) and other state regulations. The City shall complete these standards prior to approving any new project applications for future development in the Plan Area that require a discretionary approval and shall confirm that each project has incorporated any resulting standards prior to issuing approval.
Additionally, the City shall evaluate the water supply system at the time that discretionary projects are submitted for approval by the City, and the City shall not approve development that would demand additional water until additional water sources are secured and provided. The City shall evaluate proposed water supply improvements for potential environmental impacts, and shall construct such improvements prior to exceedance of demand to accommodate full buildout of the Specific Plan.
6.3 Conclusions
City planning documents, including but not limited to the General Plan and the Metro Plan, will need to be updated to account for the development of the SEDA, and account for the policies and revisions present in the Specific Plan.
Mitigations for SEDA from the General Plan to the SEDA Specific Plan include:
a) Develop an update to the City General Plan
b) Develop an update to the City Metro Plan
City of Fresno SEDA Specific Plan Program EIR
Water Technical Study Page 26 of 26
220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers c) Develop additional water conservation measures in accordance with the City Metro Plan d) Construct new water supply infrastructure in the Plan Area e) Construct new water distribution infrastructure in the Plan Area f) Construct new water storage facilities in the Plan Area g) Construct groundwater recharge facilities in the Plan Area h) Construct water treatment facilities in the Plan Area i) Expand water treatment facilities
j) Secure additional water sources for the City to support development in the Plan Area City of Fresno SEDA Specific Plan Program EIR
Water Technical Study Appendix A
220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers Appendix A
Supporting Calculations
City of Fresno SEDA Specific Plan Program EIR
Water Technical Study Appendix A
220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers GP Land Use
Classification Abbrv. GP Area (ac) SP Equivalent Land Use Classification Abbrv. Water Demand Factor (GPD/ac) SP Area (ac) SP Base Water (MGD) Residential - Low Density RL 1,700.92 Residential - Rural Residential RR 2,050 2,037.69 4.18 Residential - Medium Density RM 1,473.32 Residential - Neighborhood Residential NR 2,810 1,434.91 4.03 Residential - Urban Neighborhood RUN 891.47 Residential - Mixed Residential MR 5,140 1,026.26 5.27 Employment - Office O 144.37 Employment - Office Center OC 2,440 154.47 0.38 Employment - Business Park BP 12.78 Employment - Flexible Research and Development F 2,420 16.54 0.04 Employment - Regional Business Park RBP 1,219.71 Employment - Flexible Research and Development F 1,685 1,287.53 2.17 Mixed Use -Corridor/Center Mixed Use CMX 315.41 Mixed Used - Community Center CC 1,930 273.88 0.53 Mixed Use - Regional Mixed Use RMX 209.77 Mixed Use - Regional Center RC 2,106 291.71 0.61 Open Space - Open Space OS 569.53 N/A N/A 865 0 0.00 Open Space - Community Park CP 47.46 N/A N/A 2,620 0 0.00 Open Space - Ponding Basin PB 263.32 Other - Flood Control Basin POF 0 265.78 0.00 Public Facilities - College C 116.26 Employment - Institutional I 1,665 116.26 0.19 Public Facilities - School with Park P 149.77 Employment - Institutional I 2,895 149.77 0.43 Public Facilities - School with Park P 413.45 Mixed Use - Neighborhood Center NC 1,851 491.38 0.91 Buffer - Buffer BUFFER 715.04 Residential - Rural Cluster Residential RCR 1,415 766.47 1.08 Other - Street/Rail/ Canal, etc. N/A 11.21 Other N/A 0 12.94 0.00 Totals 8,253.76 8,325.57 19.83 SEDA Projected 2035 General Plan Water Demand A
21,843 AF/yr
19.50 MGD
SEDA Specific Plan Total Base Water Demand
19.83 MGD
Usage ∆ 0.33 MGD Usage ∆ (%) 1.7%
A West Yost Associates, “Hydraulic Evaluation of
the Proposed 2035 General Plan Land Use Updated for the Master Environmental Impact Report,” Technical Memorandum, Table 2, “Water Demand Comparison for General Plan Land Use Changes,” January 21, 2013.
City of Fresno SEDA Specific Plan Program EIR
Water Technical Study Appendix B
220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers Appendix B
City of Fresno Water and Wastewater Unit Factor Update for Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan Update (Prepared by Akel Engineering, Inc.) Water and Wastewater
Unit Factor Update
FOR
Metropolitan Water
Resources Management
Plan Update
PRELIMINARY
October 2020
CITY OF FRESNO
City of Fresno
Water and Wastewater Unit Factor Update
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table 1 Water Demand Factors by Land Use Classification Table 2 Sewer Flow Factors by Land Use Classification
Table 1 Water Demand Factors by Land Use Classification Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan Update
City of Fresno PRELIMINARY
(Revised October 2020)
(acres) (mgd) (gpd/acre) (ac-ft/yr/acre)
Residential
1 Rural Density 746 0.85 1,415 1.59
2 Low Density 1,283 2.12 2,050 2.30
3 Medium Low Density 10,139 23.18 2,845 3.19
4 Medium Density 11,033 24.91 2,810 3.15
5 Medium High Density 1,953 6.94 4,425 4.96
6 High Density 1,314 6.19 5,855 6.56
Subtotal - Residential 26,467 64.18
Commercial
7 Community 558 1.04 2,330 2.61
8 General Heavy 1,124 2.11 2,340 2.62
9 Neighborhood 530 1.08 2,525 2.83
10 Neighborhood Limited 0 0.00 - -
11 Office 932 1.83 2,440 2.73
12 Professional Services Office 89 0.17 2,420 2.71
13 Regional 294 0.40 1,685 1.89
14 Recreational 109 0.23 2,575 2.88
15 Storage 273 0.07 335 0.38
Subtotal - Commercial 3,909 6.93
Public Facilities
16 Airport 1,147 0.12 130 0.15
17 College 304 0.41 1,665 1.87
18 High School 505 0.60 1,485 1.66
19 Elementary and High School 141 0.21 1,825 2.04
20 Middle School 305 0.43 1,765 1.98
21 Elementary and Middle School 191 0.30 1,930 2.16
22 Elementary School 792 1.53 2,405 2.69
23 Special School 52 0.05 1,110 1.24
24 SEGA School with Park 6 0.01 2,895 3.24
25 Cemetery 159 0.10 810 0.91
26 Church 662 0.81 1,525 1.71
27 Community Activity Center 11 0.02 1,930 2.16
28 Neighborhood Center 10 0.01 795 0.89
29 Convention Center 17 0.03 1,955 2.19
30 Fairgrounds 90 0.09 1,290 1.45
31 Fire Station 15 0.02 1,855 2.08
32 Government Offices 162 0.26 1,985 2.22
33 Court House Central Area 19 0.15 9,590 10.74
34 Hospital 189 0.76 5,005 5.61
35 Medical Center 20 0.02 1,385 1.55
36 Convalescent Hospital 119 0.39 4,080 4.57
37 Military 55 0.01 170 0.19
38 Mobile Home Park 274 0.49 2,225 2.49
39 Municipal Service Center 37 0.07 2,200 2.46
40 Post Office 30 0.02 750 0.84
41 Public Facility 7 0.01 1,010 1.13
42 Public/Quasi-Public Facility 46 0.10 2,670 2.99
43 Fresno County Jail 3 0.19 80,765 90.47
Water Service
Area1,2,3 Land Use Classifications
Recommended Water Demand
Factors5
2018 Water
Demands4
Table 1 Water Demand Factors by Land Use Classification Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan Update
City of Fresno PRELIMINARY
(Revised October 2020)
(acres) (mgd) (gpd/acre) (ac-ft/yr/acre)
Water Service
Area1,2,3 Land Use Classifications
Recommended Water Demand
Factors5
2018 Water
Demands4
44 Pump Station 9 0.01 805 0.90
Subtotal - Public Facility 5,376 7.19
Industrial
45 Light Industrial 2,301 3.42 1,850 2.07
46 Heavy Industrial 1,905 5.91 3,860 4.32
Subtotal - Industrial 4,206 9.34
Open Space
47 Open Space 177 0.12 865 0.97
48 Recreational Use/Clear Zone 15 0.00 - -
49 Ag 1,531 0.00 - -
50 Canal 20 0.00 - -
51 Community Park 24 0.05 2,620 2.93
52 Golf Course 662 0.23 435 0.49
53 Lake or Pond 54 0.00 - -
54 Multi-Use 0 0.00 - -
55 Neighborhood Park 218 0.62 3,510 3.93
56 Recreational Park 97 0.15 1,980 2.22
57 Recreational Use 17 0.02 1,235 1.38
58 Regional Park 436 0.18 525 0.59
59 Recreational Commercial 0 0.00 - -
60 Environmental Education Area 0 0.00 - -
61 Gravel Mining 0 0.00 - -
62 Parking 48 0.00 - -
63 PGE Sub Station 102 0.00 - -
64 Ponding Basin 236 0.00 - -
65 Ponding Basin/Park 128 0.16 1,535 1.72
Subtotal - Open Space 3,764 1.53
Total
Subtotal - Residential 26,467 64.18
Subtotal - Commercial 3,909 6.93
Subtotal - Public Facility 5,376 7.19
Subtotal - Industrial 4,206 9.34
Subtotal - Open Space 3,764 1.53
Total 43,722 89.17
Notes:
10/2/2020
1. Source: Land use and acreages based on City of Fresno parcel shapefile downloaded July 16, 2019.
2. Acreages exclude Bakman, Pinedale, and CSU Fresno service areas.
3. Acreages reflect demand generating parcels only.
4. Demand based on 2018 annual metered consumption records.
5. Recommended Water Demand Factors include the following adjustments:
- Demand Factors normalized to 2018 production to account for system losses - Demand Factors increased to account for City-wide vacancy rate of 8.1% based on CA Department of Finance population estimates.
Table 2 Sewer Flow Factors by Land Use Classification
Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan Update
City of Fresno
PRELIMINARY
(acres) (gpd/acres) (mgd) (gpd/acres)
Residential
1 Rural Density 714 0.20 227 0.16 250
2 Low Density 1,063 0.35 577 0.61 625
3 Medium Low Density 9,875 0.40 915 9.03 990
4 Medium Density 11,001 0.50 1,129 12.42 1,225
5 Medium High Density 1,950 0.55 1,956 3.81 2,115
6 High Density 1,314 0.60 2,825 3.71 3,055
Subtotal - Residential Flow 29.75
Commercial
7 Community 558 0.80 1,497 0.84 1,620
8 General Heavy 1,124 0.80 1,504 1.69 1,630
9 Neighborhood 530 0.80 1,623 0.86 1,755
10 Neighborhood Limited 0 0.00 0 0.00 0
11 Office 932 0.80 1,567 1.46 1,695
12 Professional Services Office 89 0.80 1,556 0.14 1,685 13 Regional 294 0.80 1,084 0.32 1,175
14 Recreational 109 0.30 621 0.07 675
15 Storage 273 0.80 213 0.06 235
Subtotal - Commercial Flow 5.43
Public Facility
16 Airport 1,147 0.80 81 0.09 90
17 College 304 0.70 937 0.29 1,015
18 High School 505 0.70 835 0.42 905
19 Elementary and High School 141 0.70 1,026 0.14 1,110 20 Middle School 305 0.70 993 0.30 1,075
21 Elementary and Middle School 191 0.70 1,087 0.21 1,175 22 Elementary School 792 0.70 1,354 1.07 1,465
23 Special School 52 0.70 625 0.03 680
24 SEGA School with Park 6 0.80 1,860 0.01 2,015
25 Cemetery 159 0.25 163 0.03 180
26 Church 662 0.80 981 0.65 1,065
27 Community Activity Center 11 0.80 1,241 0.01 1,345
28 Neighborhood Center 10 0.80 510 0.00 555
29 Convention Center 17 0.80 1,258 0.02 1,360
30 Fairgrounds 90 0.80 827 0.07 895
31 Fire Station 15 0.80 1,192 0.02 1,290
32 Government Offices 162 0.80 1,277 0.21 1,385
33 Court House Central Area 19 0.80 6,169 0.12 6,670
34 Hospital 189 0.80 3,219 0.61 3,480
35 Medical Center 20 0.80 889 0.02 965
36 Convalescent Hospital 119 0.80 2,624 0.31 2,840
37 Military 55 0.80 109 0.01 120
38 Mobile Home Park 274 0.60 1,072 0.29 1,160
39 Municipal Service Center 37 0.80 1,415 0.05 1,530
40 Post Office 30 0.80 480 0.01 520
41 Public Facility 7 0.80 649 0.00 705
42 Public/Quasi-Public Facility 46 0.80 1,716 0.08 1,855 43 Fresno County Jail 3 0.80 51,972 0.15 56,185
44 Pump Station 9 0.00 0 0.00 0
Subtotal - Public Facility Flow 5.24
Land Use Classifications
Unadjusted Wastewater
Unit Factor Sewer Service Area 4 Estimated Sewer Flow 1,2,3 Recommended Wastewater Unit Factor Return to Sewer Ratio 5
Table 2 Sewer Flow Factors by Land Use Classification
Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan Update
City of Fresno
PRELIMINARY
(acres) (gpd/acres) (mgd) (gpd/acres)
Land Use Classifications
Unadjusted Wastewater
Unit Factor Sewer Service Area 4 Estimated Sewer Flow 1,2,3 Recommended Wastewater Unit Factor Return to Sewer Ratio 5
Industrial6
45 Light Industrial 2,301 0.80 1,190 2.74 1,290
46 Heavy Industrial 1,905 0.80 2,484 4.73 2,690
Subtotal - Industrial Flow 7.47
Open Space
47 Open Space 177 0.00 0 0.00 0
48 Recreational Use/Clear Zone 15 0.00 0 0.00 0
49 Ag 1,531 0.00 0 0.00 0
50 Canal 20 0.00 0 0.00 0
51 Community Park 24 0.00 0 0.00 0
52 Golf Course 525 0.30 104 0.05 115
53 Lake or Pond 54 0.00 0 0.00 0
54 Multi-Use 0 0.00 0 0.00 0
55 Neighborhood Park 218 0.00 0 0.00 0
56 Recreational Park 97 0.00 0 0.00 0
57 Recreational Use 17 0.00 0 0.00 0
58 Regional Park 436 0.00 0 0.00 0
59 Recreational Commercial 0 0.00 0 0.00 0
60 Environmental Education Area 0 0.00 0 0.00 0
61 Gravel Mining 0 0.00 0 0.00 0
62 Parking 48 0.00 0 0.00 0
63 PGE Sub Station 102 0.00 0 0.00 0
64 Ponding Basin 236 0.00 0 0.00 0
65 Ponding Basin/Park 128 0.00 0 0.00 0
Subtotal - Open Space Flow 0.05
Non-Metered7,8,9
Pinedale Public Utilities - - - 0.63
Pinedale County Water District - - - 0.46
Tarpey Village - - - 0.37
Bakman - - - 1.82
Clovis - - - 0.20
City of Clovis - - - 5.12
CSU Fresno - - - 0.13
Subtotal - Non-Metered Flow 8.73
Total
Subtotal - Residential Flow 29.75
Subtotal - Commercial Flow 5.43
Subtotal - Public Facility Flow 5.24
Subtotal - Industrial Flow 7.47
Subtotal - Open Space Flow 0.05
Subtotal - Non-Metered Flow 8.73
Total Balanced WWTP Flow 56.68
2018 WWTP Average Annual Flow10 56.81
Notes:
10/2/2020
1. Source: Land use and acreages based on City of Fresno parcel shapefile downloaded July 16, 2019.
2. Acreages exclude Bakman, Pinedale, and CSU Fresno service areas.
3. Acreages reflect flow generating parcels only and do not account for Septic Users.
4. Demand based on 2018 annual metered consumption records.
5. Wastewater Unit Factors increased to account for City-wide vacancy rate of 8.1% based on CA Department of Finance population estimates.
6. Industrial flow does not exclude the City's top industrial users (Foster Farms, Cal Dairies, Gallo, and Cargil Beef).
7. Development information for non-metered areas provided by City Staff.
8. City of Clovis BWF extracted from City of Fresno Wastewater Collection System Master Plan Update (September 2015).
9. CSU Fresno flows extracted from flow meter data provided by City Staff on April 30, 2019.
10. Historical WWTP flows provided by City Staff on February 13, 2019.
City of Fresno SEDA Specific Plan Program EIR
Water Technical Study Appendix C
220320_SEDA_Water Tech Study_REV Blair, Church & Flynn Consulting Engineers Appendix C
Water Technical Report for the City of Fresno General Plan Update MEIR (Prepared by Blair, Church & Flynn), City of Fresno Hydraulic Evaluation of the Proposed 2035 General Plan Land Use Updated for the Master Environmental Impact Report Technical Memorandum (Prepared by West Yost Associates)
Water Technical Report
for the
City of Fresno General Plan Update MEIR
June 18, 2013
Introduction
The City of Fresno (City) is in the process of developing their General Plan Update. The last update to the City’s General Plan was in 2002. The General Plan Update, in part, encourages infill projects and facilitates revitalization. The Master Environmental Impact Report evaluates the impacts associated with the General Plan Update and proposes mitigation measures. West Yost Associates (West Yost) has analyzed the impacts associated with the General Plan Update and prepared recommendations to meet increased demand and additional storage requirements. West Yost’s analysis is summarized in their Technical Memorandum entitled “Hydraulic Evaluation of the Proposed 2035 General Plan Land Use Update for the Master Environmental Impact Report” (Technical Evaluation), attached as Appendix A.
The recommendations included in the Technical Evaluation are based on general land use data available as part of the General Plan Update. See Figure 5 in the Technical Report for proposed water infrastructure improvements. As actual dev elopment projects are proposed with more specific information, additional evaluation will be required to confirm that the local distribution system and infrastructure are sufficient to meet the City minimum service requirements for service to the end users.
Summary of Analysis
The Technical Evaluation used the land use data obtained from the City’s General Plan Update as contained in Geographic Information System geodatabase files provided by the City’s Planning and Development Department. These General Plan Update land uses were used, together with appropriate water duty factors to calculate the water demand. Tables 1 and 2 in the Technical Evaluation include the water duty factors per customer class and the calculated water demand, respectively. The calculated water demand as a result of the General Plan Update is 243,570 acre-feet per year (af/yr) and exceeds the water demand projected in the 2012 City of Fresno Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan by 10,170 af/yr. In order to meet this higher water demand, additional groundwater pumpage or combination of groundwater pumpage and increased surface water treatment capacity will be required.
An additional 10,170 af/yr of intentional groundwater recharge, via an additional 210 acres of new recharge basins, would be required to balance the additional groundwater pumpage.
Potable water storage requirements were considered in the Technical Evaluation. The total storage required to meet the daily water demand that is projected to be generated by the 2035 General Plan Update land uses is 250.7 million gallons, see Table 4 in the Technical Evaluation. The storage requirement exceeds the 2025 general plan update storage requirement by 10.1 million gallons. The Technical Evaluation, in Figure 5, indicates proposed locations for the additional storage. The next water master plan update should include recommendations for overall water system improvements, including recommendations for storage improvements.
The West Yost Technical Evaluation indicates that the water infrastructure recommended in the 2012 City of Fresno Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan is adequate to convey the peak hourly plus fire flow for the General Plan Update land uses and meets the City’s service criteria.
Therefore, no previously unplanned conveyance or pump systems are needed for that reason.
Additionally, West Yost has analyzed the impacts to the downtown area. West Yost’s analysis is summarized in their Technical Memorandum entitled “Hydraulic Evaluation of the Proposed Fulton Corridor Specific Plan Project”, attached as Appendix B.
Mitigations (Existing Condition to 2025 General Plan)
a. Construct an 80 million gallon per day (MGD) surface water treatment plant near the intersection of Fowler and Olive Avenues, in accordance with Chapter 9 and Figure 9-1 of the City of Fresno Metropolitan Water Resources Management Plan Update Phase 2 Report, January 2012 (2012 Metro Plan Update).
b. Construct a 30 MGD expansion of the existing northeast surface water treatment plant for a total capacity of 60 MGD, in accordance with Chapter 9 and Figure 9-1 of the 2012 Metro Plan Update.
c. Construct a 20 MGD surface water treatment plant in the southwest portion of the City, in accordance with Chapter 9 and Figure 9-1 of the 2012 Metro Plan Update. d. Construct 65 new groundwater wells, in accordance with Chapter 9 and Figure 9-1 of the 2012 Metro Plan Update.
e. Construct a 2.0 million gallon potable water reservoir (Reservoir T2) near the intersection of Clovis and California Avenues, in accordance with Chapter 9 and Figure 9-1 of the 2012 Metro Plan Update.
f. Construct a 3.0 million gallon potable water reservoir (Reservoir T3) near the intersection of Temperance and Dakota Avenues, in accordance with Chapter 9 and Figure 9-1 of the 2012 Metro Plan Update.
g. Construct a 3.0 million gallon potable water reservoir (Reservoir T4) in the downtown area, in accordance with Chapter 9 and Figure 9-1 of the 2012 Metro Plan Update. h. Construct a 4.0 million gallon potable water reservoir (Reservoir T5) near the intersection of Ashlan and Chestnut Avenues, in accordance with Chapter 9 and Figure 9-1 of the 2012 Metro Plan Update.
i. Construct a 4.0 million gallon potable water reservoir (Reservoir T6) near the intersection of Ashlan Avenue and Highway 99, in accordance with Chapter 9 and Figure 9-1 of the 2012 Metro Plan Update.
j. Construct 50.3 miles of regional water transmission mains ranging in size from 24-inch to 48-inch, in accordance with Chapter 9 and Figure 9-1 of the 2012 Metro Plan Update. k. Construct 95.9 miles of 16-inch transmission grid mains, in accordance with Chapter 9 and Figure 9-1 of the 2012 Metro Plan Update.
l. Develop additional water conservation measures in accordance with Chapter 4 of the 2012 Metro Plan Update.
m. Implement groundwater objectives, goals and policies as described in Chapter 5 of the 2012 Metro Plan Update.
n. Implement surface water objectives, goals and policies as described in Chapter 6 of the 2012 Metro Plan Update.
o. Implement recycled water objectives, goals and policies as described in Chapter 7 of the 2012 Metro Plan Update.
Mitigations (2025 General Plan to General Plan Update)
a. Construct a 4.0 million gallon potable water reservoir (SEGA Reservoir 1) within the northern part of the Southeast Growth Area.
b. Construct a 4.0 million gallon potable water reservoir (SEGA Reservoir 2) within the southern part of the Southeast Growth Area.
c. Develop an update to the water master plan.
Appendix A
Technical Memorandum
January 21, 2013