4/4/23, 4:54 PM Bill Text - AB-481 Law enforcement and state agencies: military equipment: funding, acquisition, and use. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB481 1/5 SHARE THIS:
Date Published: 10/01/2021 09:00 PM
AB-481 Law enforcement and state agencies: military equipment: funding, acquisition, and use. (2021-2022) Assembly Bill No. 481
CHAPTER 406
An act to add Chapter 12.8 (commencing with Section 7070) to Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code, relating tomilitary equipment. [ Approved by Governor September 30, 2021. Filed with Secretary of State September 30, 2021. ]
LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
AB 481, Chiu. Law enforcement and state agencies: military equipment: funding, acquisition, and use.
Existing law designates the Department of General Services as the agency for the State of California responsible for distribution offederal surplus personal property, excepting food commodities, and requires the department to, among other things, do all thingsnecessary to the execution of its powers and duties as the state agency for the distribution of federal personal surplus property,excepting food commodities, in accordance with specified federal law. Existing law, the Federal Surplus Property Acquisition Law of1945, authorizes a local agency, as defined, to acquire surplus federal property without regard to any law which requires posting ofnotices or advertising for bids, inviting or receiving bids, or delivery of purchases before payment, or which prevents the localagency from bidding on federal surplus property. Existing federal law authorizes the Department of Defense to transfer surpluspersonal property, including arms and ammunition, to federal or state agencies for use in law enforcement activities, subject tospecified conditions, at no cost to the acquiring agency.
This bill would require a law enforcement agency, defined to include specified entities, to obtain approval of the applicable governingbody, by adoption of a military equipment use policy, as specified, by ordinance at a regular meeting held pursuant to specified openmeeting laws, prior to taking certain actions relating to the funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment, as defined. The billwould also require similar approval for the continued use of military equipment acquired prior to January 1, 2022. The bill wouldallow the governing body to approve the funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment within its jurisdiction only if it determinesthat the military equipment meets specified standards. The bill would require the governing body to annually review the ordinanceand to either disapprove a renewal of the authorization for a type, as defined, of military equipment or amend the militaryequipment use policy if it determines, based on an annual military equipment report prepared by the law enforcement agency, asprovided, that the military equipment does not comply with the above-described standards for approval. The bill would specify theseprovisions do not preclude a county or local municipality from implementing additional requirements and standards related to thepurchase, use, and reporting of military equipment by local law enforcement agencies.
This bill would also require a state agency, as defined, to create a military equipment use policy before engaging in certain activities,publish the policy on the agency’s internet website, and provide a copy of the policy to the Governor or the Governor’s designee, asspecified. The bill would also require a state agency that seeks to continue use of military equipment acquired prior to January 1,2022, to create a military equipment use policy.
This bill would also include findings that the changes proposed by this bill address a matter of statewide concern rather than amunicipal affair and, therefore, apply to all cities, including charter cities.
By adding to the duties of local officials with respect to the funding, acquisition, and use of military equipment, this bill wouldimpose a state-mandated local program.
The California Constitution requires local agencies, for the purpose of ensuring public access to the meetings of public bodies andthe writings of public officials and agencies, to comply with a statutory enactment that amends or enacts laws relating to publicrecords or open meetings and contains findings demonstrating that the enactment furthers the constitutional requirements relatingto this purpose.
This bill would make legislative findings to that effect.
HomeBill Information California LawPublicationsOther ResourcesMy SubscriptionsMy Favorites 4/4/23, 4:54 PM Bill Text - AB-481 Law enforcement and state agencies: military equipment: funding, acquisition, and use. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB481 2/5 The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by thestate. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.
This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason.Vote: majority Appropriation: no Fiscal Committee: yes Local Program: yes THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1. The Legislature finds and declares all of the following:
(a) The acquisition of military equipment and its deployment in our communities adversely impacts the public’s safety and welfare,including increased risk of civilian deaths, significant risks to civil rights, civil liberties, and physical and psychological well-being,and incurment of significant financial costs. Military equipment is more frequently deployed in low-income Black and Browncommunities, meaning the risks and impacts of police militarization are experienced most acutely in marginalized communities. (b) The public has a right to know about any funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment by state or local governmentofficials, as well as a right to participate in any government agency’s decision to fund, acquire, or use such equipment. (c) Decisions regarding whether and how military equipment is funded, acquired, or used should give strong consideration to thepublic’s welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties, and should be based on meaningful public input. (d) Legally enforceable safeguards, including transparency, oversight, and accountability measures, must be in place to protect thepublic’s welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties before military equipment is funded, acquired, or used. (e) The lack of a public forum to discuss the acquisition of military equipment jeopardizes the relationship police have with thecommunity, which can be undermined when law enforcement is seen as an occupying force rather than a public safety service.
SEC. 2. Chapter 12.8 (commencing with Section 7070) is added to Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code, to read:
CHAPTER 12.8. Funding, Acquisition, and Use of Military Equipment 7070. For purposes of this chapter, the following definitions shall apply:
(a) “Governing body” means the elected body that oversees a law enforcement agency or, if there is no elected body that directlyoversees the law enforcement agency, the appointed body that oversees a law enforcement agency. In the case of a lawenforcement agency of a county, including a sheriff’s department or a district attorney’s office, “governing body” means the board ofsupervisors of the county. (b) “Law enforcement agency” means any of the following:
(1) A police department, including the police department of a transit agency, school district, or any campus of the University ofCalifornia, the California State University, or California Community Colleges. (2) A sheriff’s department.
(3) A district attorney’s office.
(4) A county probation department.
(c) “Military equipment” means the following:
(1) Unmanned, remotely piloted, powered aerial or ground vehicles. (2) Mine-resistant ambush-protected (MRAP) vehicles or armored personnel carriers. However, police versions of standardconsumer vehicles are specifically excluded from this subdivision. (3) High mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicles (HMMWV), commonly referred to as Humvees, two and one-half-ton trucks, five-ton trucks, or wheeled vehicles that have a breaching or entry apparatus attached. However, unarmored all-terrain vehicles (ATVs)and motorized dirt bikes are specifically excluded from this subdivision. (4) Tracked armored vehicles that provide ballistic protection to their occupants and utilize a tracked system instead of wheels forforward motion. (5) Command and control vehicles that are either built or modified to facilitate the operational control and direction of publicsafety units. (6) Weaponized aircraft, vessels, or vehicles of any kind. (7) Battering rams, slugs, and breaching apparatuses that are explosive in nature. However, items designed to remove a lock,such as bolt cutters, or a handheld ram designed to be operated by one person, are specifically excluded from this subdivision. (8) Firearms of .50 caliber or greater. However, standard issue shotguns are specifically excluded from this subdivision. (9) Ammunition of .50 caliber or greater. However, standard issue shotgun ammunition is specifically excluded from thissubdivision. 4/4/23, 4:54 PM Bill Text - AB-481 Law enforcement and state agencies: military equipment: funding, acquisition, and use. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB481 3/5 (10) Specialized firearms and ammunition of less than .50 caliber, including assault weapons as defined in Sections 30510 and30515 of the Penal Code, with the exception of standard issue service weapons and ammunition of less than .50 caliber that areissued to officers, agents, or employees of a law enforcement agency or a state agency. (11) Any firearm or firearm accessory that is designed to launch explosive projectiles. (12) “Flashbang” grenades and explosive breaching tools, “tear gas,” and “pepper balls,” excluding standard, service-issuedhandheld pepper spray. (13) Taser Shockwave, microwave weapons, water cannons, and the Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD). (14) The following projectile launch platforms and their associated munitions: 40mm projectile launchers, “bean bag,” rubberbullet, and specialty impact munition (SIM) weapons. (15) Any other equipment as determined by a governing body or a state agency to require additional oversight. (16) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) through (15), “military equipment” does not include general equipment not designated asprohibited or controlled by the federal Defense Logistics Agency. (d) “Military equipment use policy” means a publicly released, written document governing the use of military equipment by a lawenforcement agency or a state agency that addresses, at a minimum, all of the following:
(1) A description of each type of military equipment, the quantity sought, its capabilities, expected lifespan, and productdescriptions from the manufacturer of the military equipment. (2) The purposes and authorized uses for which the law enforcement agency or the state agency proposes to use each type ofmilitary equipment. (3) The fiscal impact of each type of military equipment, including the initial costs of obtaining the equipment and estimatedannual costs of maintaining the equipment. (4) The legal and procedural rules that govern each authorized use. (5) The training, including any course required by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training, that must becompleted before any officer, agent, or employee of the law enforcement agency or the state agency is allowed to use eachspecific type of military equipment to ensure the full protection of the public’s welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties and fulladherence to the military equipment use policy. (6) The mechanisms to ensure compliance with the military equipment use policy, including which independent persons or entitieshave oversight authority, and, if applicable, what legally enforceable sanctions are put in place for violations of the policy. (7) For a law enforcement agency, the procedures by which members of the public may register complaints or concerns or submitquestions about the use of each specific type of military equipment, and how the law enforcement agency will ensure that eachcomplaint, concern, or question receives a response in a timely manner. (e) “State agency” means the law enforcement division of every state office, officer, department, division, bureau, board, andcommission or other state body or agency, except those agencies provided for in Article IV (except Section 20 thereof) or Article VIof the California Constitution. (f) “Type” means each item that shares the same manufacturer model number. 7071. (a) (1) A law enforcement agency shall obtain approval of the governing body, by an ordinance adopting a military equipmentuse policy at a regular meeting of the governing body held pursuant to the Bagley-Keene Open Meeting Act (Article 9 (commencingwith Section 11120) of Chapter 1 of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2) or the Ralph M. Brown Act (Chapter 9 (commencing with Section54950) of Part 1 of Division 2 of Title 5), as applicable, prior to engaging in any of the following:
(A) Requesting military equipment made available pursuant to Section 2576a of Title 10 of the United States Code. (B) Seeking funds for military equipment, including, but not limited to, applying for a grant, soliciting or accepting private,local, state, or federal funds, in-kind donations, or other donations or transfers. (C) Acquiring military equipment either permanently or temporarily, including by borrowing or leasing. (D) Collaborating with another law enforcement agency in the deployment or other use of military equipment within theterritorial jurisdiction of the governing body. (E) Using any new or existing military equipment for a purpose, in a manner, or by a person not previously approved by thegoverning body pursuant to this chapter. (F) Soliciting or responding to a proposal for, or entering into an agreement with, any other person or entity to seek funds for,apply to receive, acquire, use, or collaborate in the use of, military equipment. (G) Acquiring military equipment through any means not provided by this paragraph. (2) No later than May 1, 2022, a law enforcement agency seeking to continue the use of any military equipment that was acquiredprior to January 1, 2022, shall commence a governing body approval process in accordance with this section. If the governing 4/4/23, 4:54 PM Bill Text - AB-481 Law enforcement and state agencies: military equipment: funding, acquisition, and use. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB481 4/5 body does not approve the continuing use of military equipment, including by adoption pursuant to this subdivision of a militaryequipment use policy submitted pursuant to subdivision (b), within 180 days of submission of the proposed military equipmentuse policy to the governing body, the law enforcement agency shall cease its use of the military equipment until it receives theapproval of the governing body in accordance with this section. (b) In seeking the approval of the governing body pursuant to subdivision (a), a law enforcement agency shall submit a proposedmilitary equipment use policy to the governing body and make those documents available on the law enforcement agency’s internetwebsite at least 30 days prior to any public hearing concerning the military equipment at issue. (c) The governing body shall consider a proposed military equipment use policy as an agenda item for an open session of a regularmeeting and provide for public comment in accordance with the Bagley-Keene Open Meeting Act (Article 9 (commencing withSection 11120) of Chapter 1 of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2) or the Ralph M. Brown Act (Chapter 9 (commencing with Section54950) of Part 1 of Division 2 of Title 5), as applicable. (d) (1) The governing body shall only approve a military equipment use policy pursuant to this chapter if it determines all of thefollowing:
(A) The military equipment is necessary because there is no reasonable alternative that can achieve the same objective ofofficer and civilian safety. (B) The proposed military equipment use policy will safeguard the public’s welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties. (C) If purchasing the equipment, the equipment is reasonably cost effective compared to available alternatives that canachieve the same objective of officer and civilian safety. (D) Prior military equipment use complied with the military equipment use policy that was in effect at the time, or if prior usesdid not comply with the accompanying military equipment use policy, corrective action has been taken to remedynonconforming uses and ensure future compliance. (2) In order to facilitate public participation, any proposed or final military equipment use policy shall be made publicly availableon the internet website of the relevant law enforcement agency for as long as the military equipment is available for use. (e) (1) The governing body shall review any ordinance that it has adopted pursuant to this section approving the funding,acquisition, or use of military equipment at least annually and, subject to paragraph (2), vote on whether to renew the ordinance ata regular meeting held pursuant to the Bagley-Keene Open Meeting Act (Article 9 (commencing with Section 11120) of Chapter 1 ofPart 1 of Division 3 of Title 2) or the Ralph M. Brown Act (Chapter 9 (commencing with Section 54950) of Part 1 of Division 2 of Title5), as applicable. (2) The governing body shall determine, based on the annual military equipment report submitted pursuant to Section 7072,whether each type of military equipment identified in that report has complied with the standards for approval set forth insubdivision (d). If the governing body determines that a type of military equipment identified in that annual military equipmentreport has not complied with the standards for approval set forth in subdivision (d), the governing body shall either disapprove arenewal of the authorization for that type of military equipment or require modifications to the military equipment use policy in amanner that will resolve the lack of compliance. (f) Notwithstanding subdivisions (a) to (e), inclusive, if a city contracts with another entity for law enforcement services, the cityshall have the authority to adopt a military equipment use policy based on local community needs. 7072. (a) A law enforcement agency that receives approval for a military equipment use policy pursuant to Section 7071 shall submitto the governing body an annual military equipment report for each type of military equipment approved by the governing bodywithin one year of approval, and annually thereafter for as long as the military equipment is available for use. The law enforcementagency shall also make each annual military equipment report required by this section publicly available on its internet website foras long as the military equipment is available for use. The annual military equipment report shall, at a minimum, include thefollowing information for the immediately preceding calendar year for each type of military equipment:
(1) A summary of how the military equipment was used and the purpose of its use. (2) A summary of any complaints or concerns received concerning the military equipment. (3) The results of any internal audits, any information about violations of the military equipment use policy, and any actions takenin response. (4) The total annual cost for each type of military equipment, including acquisition, personnel, training, transportation,maintenance, storage, upgrade, and other ongoing costs, and from what source funds will be provided for the military equipmentin the calendar year following submission of the annual military equipment report. (5) The quantity possessed for each type of military equipment. (6) If the law enforcement agency intends to acquire additional military equipment in the next year, the quantity sought for eachtype of military equipment. (b) Within 30 days of submitting and publicly releasing an annual military equipment report pursuant to this section, the lawenforcement agency shall hold at least one well-publicized and conveniently located community engagement meeting, at which the 4/4/23, 4:54 PM Bill Text - AB-481 Law enforcement and state agencies: military equipment: funding, acquisition, and use. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB481 5/5 general public may discuss and ask questions regarding the annual military equipment report and the law enforcement agency’sfunding, acquisition, or use of military equipment. 7073. (a) A state agency shall create a military equipment use policy prior to engaging in any of the following:
(1) Requesting military equipment made available pursuant to Section 2576a of Title 10 of the United States Code. (2) Seeking funds for military equipment, including, but not limited to, applying for a grant, soliciting or accepting private, local,state, or federal funds, in-kind donations, or other donations or transfers. (3) Acquiring military equipment either permanently or temporarily, including by borrowing or leasing. (4) Collaborating with a law enforcement agency or another state agency in the deployment or other use of military equipmentwithin the territorial jurisdiction of the governing body. (5) Using any new or existing military equipment for a purpose, in a manner, or by a person not previously approved by thegoverning body pursuant to this chapter. (6) Soliciting or responding to a proposal for, or entering into an agreement with, any other person or entity to seek funds for, orto apply to receive, acquire, use, or collaborate in the use of, military equipment. (7) Acquiring military equipment through any means not provided by this subdivision. (b) No later than May 1, 2022, a state agency seeking to continue the use of any military equipment that was acquired prior toJanuary 1, 2022, shall create a military equipment use policy. (c) A state agency that is required to create a military equipment use policy pursuant to this section shall do both of the followingwithin 180 days of completing the policy:
(1) Publish the military equipment use policy on the agency’s internet website. (2) Provide a copy of the military equipment use policy to the Governor or the Governor’s designee. 7074. The Legislature finds and declares that ensuring adequate oversight of the acquisition and use of military equipment is amatter of statewide concern rather than a municipal affair as that term is used in Section 5 of Article XI of the CaliforniaConstitution. Therefore, this chapter applies to all cities, including charter cities and shall supersede any inconsistent provisions inthe charter of any city, county, or city and county. 7075. Nothing in this chapter shall preclude a county or local municipality from implementing additional requirements and standardsrelated to the purchase, use, and reporting of military equipment by local law enforcement agencies.SEC. 3. The Legislature finds and declares that Section 1 of this act, which adds Chapter 12.8 (commencing with Section 7070) toDivision 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code, furthers, within the meaning of paragraph (7) of subdivision (b) of Section 3 of ArticleI of the California Constitution, the purposes of that constitutional section as it relates to the right of public access to the meetingsof local public bodies or the writings of local public officials and local agencies. Pursuant to paragraph (7) of subdivision (b) ofSection 3 of Article I of the California Constitution, the Legislature makes the following findings:
Requiring local agencies to hold public meetings prior to the acquisition of military equipment further exposes that activity to publicscrutiny and enhances public access to information concerning the conduct of the people’s business.
SEC. 4. No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIII B of the California Constitution because theonly costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school district under this act would result from a legislative mandate that iswithin the scope of paragraph (7) of subdivision (b) of Section 3 of Article I of the California Constitution.