THE EDUCATION COMMUNITY
303 West Commonwealth Avenue, Fullerton, California 92832-1775 714) 738-6598 · Fax (714) 738-3110 · Website: www.cityoffullerton.com
CITYOF FULLERTON
Community and Economic Development Department
Item No. 1
November 13, 2024
6:30 p.m.
Public Hearing
TO: Chair Gambino and
Members of the Landmarks/ Planning Commission
APPLICATION
PRJ2024-00010: ZON-2024-0095 and LRP-2024-0012
APPLICANT
Fullerton Heritage on behalf of Julie A. Vandergrift
LOCATION
538 West Whiting Avenue
SUMMARY AND APPLICATIONS REQUESTED
This application is a request to designate the property at 538 West Whiting Avenue as a Historical (Local) Landmark (HL-111) with a corresponding request to amend The Fullerton Plan to add the property to Table 6 and Exhibit 3 of The Fullerton Plan, City of Fullerton Local Register of Historical Resources, and Map of Historical Resources, respectively.
CEQADETERMINATION
Categorically Exempt (15331) - Historical Resource Restoration/Rehabilitation, which allows for the preservation and conservation of historical resources in a manner consistent with the Secretary of Interior's Standards for the treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring, and Reconstructing Historic Buildings.
AUTHORIZATION/GUIDELINES
Fullerton Municipal Code ( FMC) Section 15.48.050 authorizes the Landmarks Commission to designate a property as a Historical ( Local) Landmark, after due consideration and a public hearing. The Landmarks Commission review shall consider the criteria specified in FMC Section 15.48.060, Criteria for Designation.
California Government Code Section 65353 establishes a procedure wherein the Planning Commission is authorized to consider a revision to the General Plan at a noticed public hearing and forward their recommendation to the City Council for final action.
Landmarks Commission Staff Report – Historical Landmark - 538 West Whiting Avenue November 13, 2024
Item No. 1 Page 2 PRJ2024-00010
PUBLICOUTREACH
On October 31, 2024, the City sent a Public Hearing Notice to owners and occupants of property within a 300-foot radius of the project site. Notification was posted at the project site on that same date. The notice was also posted on the City’s website and at the Maintenance Services Department, Main Library, Museum Center, and City Hall on the Public Notice Boards.
In addition, notice was published in the Fullerton News Tribune on October 31, 2024.
PROJECTBACKGROUND / HISTORY
Project Applicant: Fullerton Heritage
Property Owner: Julie A. Vandergrift
Property Location: 538 West Whiting Avenue
General Location: South side of Whiting Avenue, 150 feet east of Drake Avenue
Parcel Number: 032-064-02
Existing Community
Development Type (General
Plan Land Use Designation):
Low Density Residential
Existing Zoning
Classification:
R-1-7.2P, Single Family Residential Preservation
minimum lot size of 7,200 square feet)
Site Size: 6,525 square feet
Circulation: Whiting Avenue is a local street.
Parking: Detached garage accessed from Whiting Avenue
Existing Conditions: The property is developed with a one-story Spanish- styled dwelling and detached garage, constructed in
1927.
Surrounding Land Uses
and Zoning:
North, east and west: Residential properties zoned R-1-
7.2P and south ( across Elm Avenue), residential
properties zoned R-1-7.2P.
South: residential properties currently zoned R-1-7.2
Preservation overlay zone pending City Council review).
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The applicant, Fullerton Heritage on behalf of the property owner, is seeking designation of the property located at 538 West Whiting Avenue as a Historical (Local) Landmark (HL-111) with a corresponding General Plan Revision to add the property to the Local Register of Historical Resources (Table 6 of the Fullerton Plan) and to the Historical Resources – National and Local Map (Exhibit 3 of The Fullerton Plan).
ANALYSIS
FMC Chapter 15.48 ( Landmarks, Landmark Districts, Residential Preservation Zones, and Significant Properties) establishes the process for determining whether a site is worthy of designation as a Local Landmark. Such designation confirms that the historic, cultural, architectural, or aesthetic value of a property merits its preservation, restoration, and/or protection.
Landmarks Commission Staff Report – Historical Landmark - 538 West Whiting Avenue November 13, 2024
Item No. 1 Page 3 PRJ2024-00010
FMC 15.48.060, Criteria for a “Historical Landmark” designation, identifies the following criteria for determining eligibility:
1. Character, interest, or value as part of the heritage of the City.
2. Location as a site of a historic event.
3. Identification with a person or persons or groups who significantly contributed to the culture and development of the City.
4. Exemplification of a particular architectural style or way of life important to the City.
5. Exemplification of the best remaining architectural types in an area.
6. Identification as the work of a person or persons whose work has influenced the heritage of the City, the state of California, or the United States.
7. Embodiment of elements of outstanding attention to architectural design, detail, materials, or craftsmanship.
8. Relationship to other landmarks, where the preservation of one has a bearing on the preservation of another.
9. A unique location or singular physical characteristic representing an established and familiar visual feature of a neighborhood.
10. Integrity as a natural environment that strongly contributes to the well-being of the people of the City.
This property qualifies as a Local Landmark per criteria 3 and 7:
3. Identification with a person or persons or groups who significantly contributed to the culture and development of the City.
7. Embodiment of elements of outstanding attention to architectural design, detail, materials, or craftsmanship.
Fullerton Heritage provided background and research concerning this property (Attachment 2).
Highlights regarding the notable resident, home designer and builder, and the architectural details are summarized below.
Notable Figure: William Ness Rollo (WesternGlass Company) The subject property is being recommended for Local Landmark designation for its association with the dwelling’s former resident/owner, William Ness Rollo ( 1867-1964), an experienced glass manufacturer who established the Western Glass Company in Fullerton in 1924. Living in temporary quarters in Fullerton, Rollo oversaw the entire establishment of the new glass factory, including the taking out of required permits, the fabrication and installation of new plant facilities, the ordering of specialized equipment and supplies, and the hiring and training of new workers.
After the plant was up and running, Rollo sold his home in Streator, Illinois moving permanently with his family to Fullerton in 1924. After a few years as general manager of Western Glass, Rollo turned to banking serving on the Board of Directors of the Bank of America and the Fullerton Building-Loan Association; later he was Director of the First Federal Savings and Loan Association in Fullerton, and elected President of the Fullerton Chamber of Commerce.
A marvel of engineering at the time, Western Glass Company, a 24-hour a day glass manufacturing facility, was one of the largest in the southwest, including having its own monorail and electrical facility, producing figured, ribbed, and wired glass for the entire West Coast in Landmarks Commission Staff Report – Historical Landmark - 538 West Whiting Avenue November 13, 2024
Item No. 1 Page 4 PRJ2024-00010
addition to cities in the East. The Great Depression severely reduced glass sales in America, and in 1932, the owners of the Western Glass Company sold the facility to the Mississippi Glass Company, which had no West Coast plant. One of the first uses of the continuous process of rolled glass manufacturing, the Mississippi Glass Company quickly dominated the wire glass industry in America. A sheet of plate glass with wire netting embedded into it, wire glass was fire resistant and significantly stronger than the typical glass used in buildings. The firm would employ thousands of Fullerton workers well into the 1970s, eventually becoming the world’s largest manufacturer of rolled, figured, and wired glass with the Fullerton facility the only flat glass plant on the West Coast. The firm lasted in Fullerton well into the 1970s, making it one of the longest-lived companies in the City’s history.
Architectural Design: Spanish Colonial Revival
The subject property includes a single-story, 1,280 square-foot Spanish Colonial Revival residence designed and built in 1927 by notable local contractor Philip N. Schmoker. Although only a building contractor for three years in Fullerton (1927-1930), Mr. Schmoker left a lasting impression on the Fullerton built environment. He built some of the most remarkable Spanish Colonial Revival dwellings in the City. The subject property’s dwelling (the Rollo House) is an excellent example of his craftsmanship and detailing. The house reflects the simple and restrained styling that was the hallmark of Schmoker’s Spanish-styled dwellings.
The subject property’s dwelling includes large three-band ( 24-lite) stationary windows on the east side providing light for the living room. Five arches are positioned across the front façade, including two arched windows on the west side. The front façade’s dominant feature is a striking rectangular-shaped tower, positioned between two wings, that rises above the roof line.
On the east side a ribbon driveway, partially filled with bricks, runs under an archway that leads to a contributing rear detached garage. The garage’s original swing-out doors have been replaced with a single roll-up wooden door. Additional access to the home is through an east side entrance, which features a glass and wood 8-lite door positioned between two tall casement windows.
The dwelling retains a high degree of historic integrity, especially in terms of design, materials, and workmanship. Schmoker preferred home exteriors with little or no embellishments, and there is a tendency to add decorative elements to make his homes appear more Spanish. That attempt is seen on the exterior in the replacement of the ribbon driveway and concrete walkway and porch with brick; the addition of wrought iron decorative elements; and scrolled wrought iron lettering (“five thirty eight”) above the entranceway.
The interior layout was a common arrangement used by Schmoker and other contractors in the 1920s and 1930s. The public areas are positioned on the east side of the dwelling and the private areas on the west side. The original layout is intact, aside from a remodeling in the kitchen and bathroom, the remaining rooms retain their charm and historic character. Overall, the home is in excellent condition.
ENVIRONMENTALREVIEW
In accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) the recommended action is categorically exempt from environmental review per Section 15331 of the State CEQA Guidelines. This Class 31 exemption allows the preservation and conservation of historical resources in a manner consistent with the Secretary of Interior's Standards for the treatment of Landmarks Commission Staff Report — Historical Landmark - 538 West Whiting Avenue November 13, 2024
Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring, and Reconstructing Historic Buildings.
RECOMMENDED ACTION
Pursuant to the findings and facts, including General Plan consistency, outlined therein, find that the project is categorically exempt from CEQA, and adopt Planning Commission Resolution No.
PC - 2024-35, entitled:
A RESOLUTION OF THE LANDMARKS COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF
FULLERTON, CALIFORNIA, DESIGNATING THE PROPERTY LOCATED AT 538 WEST WHITING AVENUE ( HISTORIC LANDMARK NO. HL - 111) A
LOCAL LANDMARK AND RECOMMENDING THAT THE CITY COUNCIL
APPROVE A GENERAL PLAN REVISION TO MAKE CORRESPONDING
AMENDMENTS TO THE FULLERTON PLAN HISTORIC PRESERVATION
ELEMENT, TABLE 6 — CITY OF FULLERTON LOCAL REGISTER OF
HISTORICAL RESOURCES AND EXHIBIT 3 — MAP OF HISTORICAL
RESOURCES — NATIONAL AND LOCAL
DATED: November 6, 2024
Prepared by:
Irly T{
Andrew Kusch
Associate Planner
Approved for Agenda by:
j
1 SuriayanaThomas
Dir6ctor of Community and Economic Development
Reviewed by:
Chris Schaefer, AICP
Planning Manager
Attachments to Report
1. Draft Planning Commission Resolution No. PC - 2024-35
2. Documentation in Support of Landmark Designation for 538 West Whiting Avenue
3. PowerPoint Presentation
Item No. 1 Page 5 PRJ2024-00010
Attachment No. 1
Draft Planning Commission Resolution No. PC - 2024-35
PRJ2024-00010 — 538 WEST WHITING AVENUE
RESOLUTION NO. PC-2024-35
A RESOLUTION OF THE LANDMARKS COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF
FULLERTON, CALIFORNIA, DESIGNATING THE PROPERTY LOCATED AT 538 WEST WHITING AVENUE (HISTORIC LANDMARK NO. HL-111) A LOCAL
LANDMARK AND RECOMMENDING THAT THE CITY COUNCIL APPROVE A
GENERAL PLAN REVISION TO MAKE CORRESPONDING AMENDMENTS TO THE FULLERTON PLAN HISTORIC PRESERVATION ELEMENT, TABLE 6 –
CITY OF FULLERTON LOCAL REGISTER OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES AND EXHIBIT 3 – MAP OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES – NATIONAL AND LOCAL PRJ2024-00010: ZON-2024-0095 AND LRP-2024-0012
APPLICANT: FULLERTON HERITAGE
PROPERTY OWNER: JULIE A. VANDERGRIFT
RECITALS
WHEREAS, an application was filed for Local Landmark Designation of property located at 538 West Whiting Avenue, described as:
Orange County Assessor’s Parcel No. 032-064-02
WHEREAS, the Landmarks/Planning Commission of the City of Fullerton, California, in compliance with noticing requirements of Fullerton Municipal Code (FMC) Section 15.76.040, held a duly noticed public hearing on said application; and
WHEREAS, the project is categorically exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act ( CEQA) pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15331 - Historical Resource Restoration/Rehabilitation, which allows for the preservation and conservation of historical resources in a manner consistent with the Secretary of Interior's Standards for the treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring, and Reconstructing Historic Buildings.
RESOLUTION
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT FOUND AND DETERMINED AND RESOLVED by the Landmarks Commission of the City of Fullerton as follows:
1. In all respects as set forth in the Recitals of this Resolution.
2. The Landmarks Commission, pursuant to FMC Chapter 15.48, makes the following findings regarding the Landmark designation for the subject property:
a. Finding: The property located at 538 West Whiting Avenue is eligible for a Historical Landmark designation in accordance with the criteria identified in FMC Section 15.48.060.
Fact: The property meets eligibility Criterion 3, because of its association with a notable glass manufacturer, William Ness Rollo, an experienced glass manufacturer who established the Western Glass Company in Fullerton in 1924. Rollo oversaw the establishment of the new glass factory, including fabrication and installation of new plant Resolution No. PC-2024-35
2 -
facilities, the ordering of specialized equipment and supplies and the hiring and training of new workers. The firm would employ thousands of Fullerton workers well into the 1970’s, eventually becoming the world’s largest manufacture of rolled, figured, and wired glass, with the Fullerton facility the only flat glass plant on the West Coast. The firm lasted in Fullerton well into the 1970’s, making it one of the longest-lived companied in the city’s history.
Fact: The property meets eligibility Criterion 7 as the residence represents an excellent example of Spanish Colonial Revival architectural style, designed and built in 1927 by notable contractor Philip N. Schmoker. The subject property’s dwelling includes large three-band (24-lite) stationary windows on the east side providing light for the living room.
Five arches are positioned across the front façade, including two arched windows on the west side. The front façade’s dominant feature is a striking rectangular-shaped tower, positioned between two wings, that rises above the roof line. The dwelling retains a high degree of historic integrity, especially in terms of design, materials, and workmanship.
The original layout is intact, aside from a remodeling in the kitchen and bathroom, the remaining rooms retain their charm and historic character. Overall, the home is in excellent condition.
b. Finding: Designation of this property as a Historical (Local) Landmark is consistent with the goals and policies contained in The Fullerton Plan.
Fact: The Historic Landmark Designation of this property supports The Fullerton Plan, Policy 4.2 Awareness of Historic Resources which supports programs and policies to raise the awareness of the value of historic resources in strengthening communities, conserving resources, fostering economic development, and enriching lives.
Fact: The Historic Landmark designation of the subject property supports The Fullerton Plan, Policy 4.4 Historic Character and Sense of Place which supports actions to reinforce the character and sense of place of established neighborhoods. c. Finding: Property owner consent for the Historical Landmark designation has been granted pursuant to FMC 15.48.050.
Fact: The property owner has given written consent for the filing of the application for landmark designation.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED the Landmarks Commission does hereby APPROVE ZON-2024-0095 and LRP-2024-0012, designating property at 538 West Whiting Avenue as Historical Landmark HL-111 and recommends the City Council amend The Fullerton Plan Historic Preservation Element Table 6 – City of Fullerton Local Register of Historical Resources to add the property addressed 538 West Whiting Avenue as a Local Landmark and Exhibit 3 – Historical Resources Map – National and Local.
ADOPTED BY THE FULLERTON LANDMARKS COMMISSION ON NOVEMBER 13, 2024.
Peter Gambino, Chairman
Attachment No. 2
Documentation in Support of Landmark Designation for 538 West Whiting Avenue PRJ2024-00010 — 538 WEST WHITING AVENUE
Resource Name or #: ( Assigned by recorder)Page 1 of 34 Other Identifier: ___
DPR 523A ( 9/ 2013) * Required information
State of California The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial
NRHP Status Code
Other Listings
Review Code Reviewer Date
P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted
a. County and ( P2c, P2e, and P2b or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) b. USGS 7.5' Quad Date T ; R ; of of Sec ; B.M. c. Address 538W. WhitingAvenue City Fullerton Zip 92832 d. UTM: ( Give more than one for large and/ or linear resources) Zone , mE/ mN e. Other Locational Data: ( e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, decimal degrees, etc., as appropriate) P3a. Description: ( Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries)
Locatedat 538WestWhiting Avenue, thesingle-storyWilliam N. Rollo Houseis situatedon thesouthsideof thestreetbetween RichmanandDrakeAvenues. In 1997, WestWhiting Avenuewasdesignateda residentialpreservationzone (R-1P), andthe well-maintainedresidenceis locatedwithin a mid-1920ssingle-family developmentwith periodrevivalsthataremoreprevalent thanbungalows. Theblockincludesa rareexampleof a SpanishColonialRevivalbungalowcourt, SanSouciCourt (501West Whiting Avenue), a FullertonLocalLandmarkat thenorthwestcornerof Whiting andRichmanAvenues.
Thesingle-story, 1,280-square-foot SpanishColonialRevivalresidencewasdesignedandbuilt by notablelocalcontractor Continuedon page4
P3b. Resource Attributes: ( List attributes and codes) P4. Resources Present: Building
Structure Object Site District
Element of District Other ( Isolates,
etc.)
P5b. Description of Photo: ( view,
date, accession #) Front ( north)
elevationof house
P6. Date Constructed/ Age and
Source: Historic
Prehistoric Both
P7. Owner and Address:
JulieVandergrift
538W. WhitingAvenue
Fullerton, CA 92832
P8. Recorded by: ( Name, affiliation,
and address)
FullertonHeritage
P.O. Box
Fullerton, CA 92834
P9. Date Recorded: July, 2024
P10. Survey Type: ( Describe)
P11. Report Citation: ( Cite survey report and other sources, or enter " none.") Attachments: NONE Location Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record Other ( List):
P5a. Photograph or Drawing ( Photograph required for buildings, structures, and objects.)
NRHP Status Code
DPR 523B ( 9/ 2013) * Required information
State of California The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI#
BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
This space reserved for official comments.)
Sketch Map with north arrow required.)
Resource Name or # ( Assigned by recorder)
B1. Historic Name: William N. RolloHouse
B2. Common Name:
B3. Original Use: Single-family residence B4. Present Use: Single-family residence B5. Architectural Style: SpanishColonialRevival
B6. Construction History: Constructedin 1927; patiocoveraddedatunknowndate; changeoutof 11windowsanddoor, like for like, in 2006
B7. Moved? N o Yes Unknown Date: Original Location:
B8. Related Features: One-cargarage; patiowith roof
B9a. Architect: b. Builder: PhilipSchmoker
B10. Significance: Theme 1920sresidentialdevelopment Area Fullerton Period of Significance: 1920s Property Type: residential Applicable Criteria Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.)
Thehomeat538WestWhiting Avenueis beingnominationfor FullertonLocal Landmarkstatusfor its associationwith William NessRollo (1867-1964), anexperiencedglassmanufacturerwhoestablishedtheWesternGlassCompany (latertheMississippi GlassCompany) in Fullertonin 1924. Thefirm, whichwouldemploythousandsof Fullertonworkerswell into the1970s, eventuallybecametheworld’slargestmanufacturerof rolled, figured, andwiredglass, with theFullertonfacility theonly flat glassplantontheWestCoast. Thecompany’s glasswould beinstalledin countlessbuildingsthroughoutSouthernCalifornia, includingthousandsof homesandbusinessesin Fullerton.
Continuedon page6
B11. Additional Resource Attributes: ( List attributes and codes) B12. References:
B13. Remarks:
B14. Evaluator:
Date of Evaluation:
N
Parcel outlined in red.
Subjectbuilding shadedlight blue
Whiting Avenue
public alley
Page of * Resource Name or # ( Assigned by recorder) __________________ Map Name: Assessor Parcel Map * Scale:* Date of map:
DPR 523J (9/2013) * Required information
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI#
LOCATION MAP Trinomial
N
538W. Whiting Avenue
Whiting Avenue
Ric
hm
an
Avenue
3 34
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary#
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
Trinomial
CONTINUATION SHEET
Property Name: ___ William N. Rollo House______________________________________________________________________________ Page _ 4____ of _ 34____
Continuation of P3a
Philip N. Schmokerasa speculativehomein 1927, designedto bebuilt andthenquickly sold. Schmoker constructedtwo additionalresidenceson WestWhiting Avenue – 520and534WestWhiting Avenue – andagarage at 545WestWhiting Avenue. TheattractiveRollo Housereflectsthesimpleandrestrainedstyling thatwasthe hallmarkof Schmoker’s Spanish-styleddwellings.
Accessto thehomeis via a brick walkwayfrom theconcretesidewalkthatleadsto a brick front stoopandthe original woodenfront doorwith a metalspeakeasy. Stepsoff thefront stoopleadto a small, enclosedpatioonthe eastside. A largethree-band (24-lite) stationarywindowontheeastsideprovideslight for theliving room.
Schmokerfavoredarchesandfive arepositionedacrossthefront façade, includingtwo archedwindowsonthewest side. Thefront façade’s dominantfeatureis astriking rectangular-shapedtower, positionedbetweentwo wings, that risesabovetheroof line. Thenewerroof, whichreplacedtheoriginal1927one, is composedof wavyredtiles.
On theeastside, a ribbondriveway, partially filled in with bricks, runsunderanarchwaythatleadsto a contributing reardetachedgarage. Thegarage’soriginal swing-out doorshavebeenreplacedwith a singleroll-upwoodendoor.
Thegarageis alsoaccessiblethroughaglassandwooddooronthewestside. Additional accessto thehomeis throughaneastsideentrance, which featuresaglassandwood8-lite doorpositionedbetweentwo, tall casement windows. Thedwellingoriginally hadnoair-conditioning, andthesidedoorandwindowsprovidedbothlight and coolingbreezes. Therear (south) sideof thehomefeaturesa woodencoveredpatio, alongwith a bulkheaddoorthat leadsdownto ahalf cellarusedfor storageandmaintenanceequipment.
Theinteriorlayout, still intact, wasacommonarrangementusedby Schmokerandothercontractorsin the1920s and1930s. Thepublic areasarepositionedontheeastsideof thedwelling, theprivateareason thewestside. The front entranceleadsdirectlyinto theliving room, followed by anarchedentrywayinto a formaldining room, which, in turn, leadsinto thekitchenandbackdoor. A narrowhallway, accessedfrom theliving anddining rooms, providesaccessto a seriesof rooms – aden/office, nowusedasa bedroom, abathroom, andtwo bedrooms, each with a closet – thatarepositionedalongthewestsideof thedwelling.
Asidefrom ceramictile in thebathroomandnewflooring in theremodeledkitchen, theflooring is originalnarrow plankedoakwith widebaseboardmolding. Interiorwoodelements, includingbuilt-insandwindowsremain unpainted. Thesolidwoodendoorsretaintheoriginalglassknobs. Thehome’s casement, double-hungand stationerywindowswerereplacedbut matchtheoriginalwoodenones.
Schmoker’sresidencesalwayscontainedmultiplebuilt-ins, whicharein variousroomsaroundthehome.
Positionedoneachsideof theliving roomfireplace – eachbelowawindow – is a built-in secretaryandstorage cabinets, with a built-in bookcaseontheoppositeside. Thehallwaycontainsa built-in linencloset, andthemiddle bedroomcontainsanarchedglass-front built-in.
Thedwellingretainsahigh degreeof historicintegrity, especiallyin termsof design, materials, andworkmanship.
Schmokerpreferredhomeexteriorswith little or no embellishment, andthereis a tendencyto adddecorative elementsto makehishomesappearmoreSpanish. Thatattemptis seenon theexteriorin thereplacementof the ribbondrivewayandconcretewalkwayandporchwith brick; theadditionof wroughtiron decorativeelements; and scrolledwroughtiron lettering (“five thirty eight”) abovetheentranceway. In theinterior, blueceramictile around DPR523L (9/2013)
DPR523L (9/2013)
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary#
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
Trinomial
CONTINUATION SHEET
Property Name: ___ William N. Rollo House______________________________________________________________________________ Page _ 5____ of _ 34____
thefireplacemantle, elaborateceiling fixtures, anda paintingof a compassontheliving roomceiling havebeen added. Thesefeatures, however, areremovableanddo notdetractfrom theoriginalcharacterof thehome. The residencestill looksvery muchasit did in the1920s, conveyingPhilip Schmoker’s architecturalintent. Theoriginal layoutis intact, andasidefrom a remodelingin thekitchenandbathroom, theremainingroomsretaintheir charm andhistoriccharacter. Thedwelling’s exterioris alsoenhancedby tropicallandscaping; thedwelling’sinterior, by usingperiodappropriateantiques. Overall, thehomeis in excellentcondition.
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary#
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
Trinomial
CONTINUATION SHEET
Property Name: ___ William N. Rollo House _____________________________________________________________________________ Page _ 6____ of _ 34____
Continuation of B2
Althoughonly abuilding contractorfor threeyearsin Fullerton (1927-1930), thebuilderanddesignerof theWest Whiting dwelling, Philip N. Schmoker (1893-1975), left alastingimpressionon theFullertonbuilt environment. He built andconstructedsomeof themostremarkableSpanishColonialRevivaldwellingsin thecity, andtheRollo Houseis anexcellentexampleof hiscraftsmanshipanddetailingappliedto a middle-classdwelling. Remarkably, Schmokerneverdesignedandbuilt two identicalresidences. Hebuilt two buildings – theArthur W. Cleaver, Sr.
House (519WestFernDrive) andtheMiller ManufacturingBuilding (343EastSantaFeAvenue) – previously designatedFullertonLocalLandmarks, andonestructurelistedontheNationalRegisterof Historic Places: theBrea AmericanLegionBuilding (495SouthBreaBoulevard), nowtheBreaMuseumandHistoricalCenter.
Schmokerappearedto havebeenheavilyinfluencedby SouthernCaliforniaarchitectIrving J. Gill (1870-1936), an earlypioneerof themodernmovementin architecture. Like Gill, SchmokerpreferredtheSpanishColonialRevival style, butabstainedfrom theelaborateuseof Spanishelements. Unlike otherFullertoncontractorswhospecialized in embellishedSpanishColonialRevivalresidences, suchasErnestS. GregoryandMortimerCarroll, Schmoker favoredsimplegeometricshapes, flat roofs, andunadornedplasterandstuccowalls, with exteriorsandinteriors alwayspaintedwhiteor nearwhite. Heoftenreliedonarcheddoorwaysandwindows, alongwith arcades, to providea sculpturalelement. Herefrainedfrom thetypicaluseof colorful ceramictiles, wroughtiron, andvaried rooflines, avoidingthemixing of unnecessarymaterials. Designedfor efficiency, hisinteriorsfeaturedsimple lighting fixturesandfireplacemantels, fluid transitionsbetweenrooms, whiteplasteredwallswith unpaintedwood elements, andmultiplebuilt-ins. Theresultwasa seriesof refinedandelegantresidencesthatsignificantlydiffered from otherFullertonSpanishColonialRevivaldwellings. Schmoker’shomesareinstantlyrecognizablefor their modernistleanings.
Historic Background
After acceptingthepositionasgeneralmanagerof thesoon-to-be-built WesternGlassCompanyplantin Fullerton, William NessRollo (1867-1964) movedpermanentlyfrom Streator, Illinois, to Fullerton, in 1924. Accompanying him washisentirefamily, includinghiswife, two sons, two daughters-in-law, andonegranddaughter. Family membersinitially rentedhomesaroundtown, with William N. Rollo, hiswife, andyoungestson, William Harry Rollo, leasinga duplexat 545-547WestWilshireAvenue.1
In 1927, buildingcontractorPhilip N. Schmoker, thennewto Fullerton, begantheconstructionof two similarly styledspeculativeSpanishColonialRevivalhomesat 534and538WestWhiting Avenue. William N. Rollo made thedecisionto purchasethedwellingat538WestWhiting, andhecommissionedSchmokerto designandbuild a six-roomCottage-stylehomedownthestreetat 520WestWhiting for hisyoungestson, William H. Rollo.2 William N. Rollo andhiswife, Sarah, residedin the538WestWhiting homefor decades. Mrs. Rollo passedaway at theresidencein 1957, at theageof 89.3 William continuedto residein thedwellinguntil around1963, whenthe homewassoldto Elizabeth (1905-1989) andRoy BertCrawford (1900-1975), a farmerandtruckdriverlater employedby theFullertonMunicipalAirport. Around1978, thehomewassoldto EdwardE. LaneIII, a sales accountmanagerwith theBoeingCompany. Thecurrentownerpurchasedthehomein 2018.
DPR523L (9/2013)
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary#
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
Trinomial
CONTINUATION SHEET
Property Name: ___ William N. Rollo House______________________________________________________________________________ Page _ 7____ of _ 34____
Thehomewasincludedin the1978Fullerton Historic Survey.
Western GlassCompany/MississippiGlassCompany
In 1923, theBastanchuryRanchCompanysoldthirty acresof its vastranchlandat theintersectionof CommonwealthAvenueandtheSantaFeRailroadtracksto theCity of Fullertonfor thepurposeof establishingan industrialcenter.4 Two milesfrom Fullerton, thelandwassurveyedandcutinto industrialtractsthatwereto besold or leasedto manufacturingcompanies. Oversightof thenewindustrialsitefell to theFullertonChamberof CommerceIndustrialCommitteewhosemembersquickly produceda 32-pageboosterbookletmailednationwideto attractnewbusinessesto thecity.5 Thetown’s attemptto build a “modernindustrialdistrict” in whatis now southwestFullertonwassuccessful, with two firms – theNewtonProcessManufacturingCompanyandtheVitavac ProcessCorporationof America (laterHunt Foods, Inc.) – quickly establishingmanufacturingplantsat thenew industrialsite.
In late1923, it wasannouncedthattheWesternGlassCompany, headquarteredin Streator, Illinois, hadagreedto build a largemanufacturingfacility coveringeightacresin thecenterof theindustrialsite. At thetime, therewasa shortageof glassmanufacturersin SouthernCalifornia,6 andthearrivalof a newindustryin Fullertonwasmetwith considerableexcitement.7 ExperiencedglassmanandScottishnativeWilliam NessRollo wasselectedto headthe 500,000projectandthenassumetheroleof generalmanager. Ratherthanconstructnewbuildings, Rollo, along with constructionsuperintendentWillard D. French, contractedwith Union Iron Worksof Los Angelesto fabricate andinstall sevensteelfactorybuildingsthatwentuponly in a few days [Figure 1].8 Thenewglassplantopenedon DPR523L (9/2013)
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September15, 1924, andworkersbeganmanufacturingglass24-hoursaday.9 A marvelof engineeringat thetime, themanufactorywasoftentouredby businessmenandresidentswho werestruckby thegiganticdimensionsof the plant, whichhadits own monorailandelectricalfacility [Figures 2-3].10 Whencompleted, thenewplant, thesecondbranchof WesternGlass, wasoneof thelargestin thesouthwest, producingfigured, ribbed, andwiredglassfor theentireWestCoastin additionto citiesin theEast [Figure 4]. To providefor futureexpansion, thecompanypurchasedanadditionalfive acresfrom theBastanchuryRanch Company,11 andoverthenextdecades, theglassfactorywould sprawlacrosstheindustrialsite [see1927Sanborn Fire InsuranceMap, page28]. TheFullertonplantwasscheduledto initially employ130workers, expectedto increaseto 175, andWilliam N. Rollo immediatelyendearedhimselfto localresidentsby giving ahiring preference to Fullertonmen.12 Rollo, andlaterhissonArthur, would serveasgeneralmanagersof theplantuntil 1953.
TheGreatDepressionseverelyreducedglasssalesin America, andin 1932, theownersof theWesternGlass Companysoldits facility to theMississippiGlassCompany, which hadno WestCoastplant. Establishedin 1873in St. Louis, theMississippiGlassCompanystartedasamajorproducerof beerbottlesfor theAnheuser-Busch BrewingCompany. Althoughvery successful, thefirm shiftedits productline in 1884to plateglass, especiallywire glass, eliminatingall containermanufacturing.13
Oneof thefirst usersof thecontinuousprocessof rolled glassmanufacturing, theMississippiGlassCompany quickly dominatedthewire glassindustryin America. Essentiallya sheetof plateglasswith wire nettingembedded into it, wire glasswasfire resistantandsignificantlystrongerthanthetypicalglassusedin buildings, andit was quickly acceptedby insurancecompanies, engineers, andtheUnitedStatesgovernment.14 MississippiGlassheavily advertisedits products, oftenpointingout importantbuildingsthatincorporatedits productsin thedesignand constructionof high-rises [Figures5-6]. With thepurchaseof theFullertonplant, thefirm gainedcontrolof the WestCoastwire glassindustry, andtheMississippiGlassCompanywould eventuallybecomethelargestproducer of wire glassin theworld.
In the1920s, thecompanyexpandedinto decorativeglass, but afterWorld WarII with theadventof midcentury modernarchitectureandits emphasison expansiveglasswindowsandwalls, sliding glassdoors, andtheintegration of thenaturalenvironment, MississippiGlasssalesexploded. Onenewglassline afteranotherwasintroduced:
Prestlite, Astralite, Coolite, Bevelite, Dewlite, Luxlite, Magnalite, etc.15 Thefirm advertisedextensivelyin architecturaljournalsandwomen’smagazines, includingSunset, GoodHousekeeping, andHouseandHome, pointingout howits patternedandtexturedglasscouldenhancehomeinteriors. It distributedfreedecorativeglass catalogsthatshowcasedits dozensof clear, opaque, andcoloredglassesthatcamein a widevarietyof patterns, shapes, andsizes. Notablephotographers, suchasJuliusSchulman, werehiredto takeshotsof homesand businessesthatincorporatedits glassinto their building design. Thecompanyalsocorneredthemarketon washboardsandshowerdoors [Figures7-10]. MississippiGlassbecamethepreferredglassfor manyarchitectsand developers, includingJosephEichler [Figure 11}, andits glassvarietieswerefeaturedin manyof theArts & Architecture’s CaseStudyHomes, mostnotablytheEamesCaseStudyHouseNumber8, a NationalHistoric Landmark.
By 1954, theFullertonMississippiGlassfacility wastheonly flat glassplantontheWestCoast, shippingto markets in elevenwesternstates [Figure 12].16 The100,000-squarefoot productionareaincludedtheinitial 1924all-steel buildingsaswell asnewstructuresandequipmentaddedoverthedecades. A newwarehousewasconstructedin DPR523L (9/2013)
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1956;17 a newbatchmixing plantin 1957;18 andnewoffices (1901RaymerAvenue) in 1963.19 Thebusyplantalso suppliedglassto nearbyFullertonmanufacturingcompanies, mostnotablyArcadiaMetal Products, Inc. (801South AcaciaAvenue), whichproducedverypopularsteelandaluminumslidingglassdoors. MississippiGlasswasused in theconstructionof countlesshomesandbusinessesin FullertonandSouthernCalifornia, andoverthedecades, theFullertonplantemployedthousandsof workers. Thefirm lastedin Fullertonwell into the1970s, makingit one of thelongest-lived companiesin thecity’s history.
GeneralManager William NessRollo (1867-1964)
William N. Rollo wasbornApril 9, 1867in Beath, Fife, Scotland, oneof eightchildrenbornto coalminerJames Rollo (1825-1902) andMargaretPenman (1826-1898). In 1883, attheageof 16, heemigratedwith hisfamily to the UnitedStates, arrivingin Chicago. OnJanuary17, 1889, attheageof 22, hemarriedPennsylvania-nativeSarahElla Schwaner (1868-1957). Thecouplehadthreesonswho precededthemin death: JamesP. Rollo (1889-1918), who diedof theflu duringtheinfluenzaepidemic;20 Arthur EdwardRollo (1890-1953); andWilliam Harry Rollo (1891- 1946).
William N. Rollo workedfor theChicago, BurlingtonandQuincyRailroadbeforebeinghiredasa bookkeeperby theWesternGlassCompanyin 1901. Hestayedwith thecompanyafterit wassoldto theMississippiGlass Companyin 1932, retiringin 1937. During his36yearswith thefirm, Rollo heldseveralpositions, eventually workingupto Treasurer.
Rollo purchaseda family homein Streator, Illinois (210SouthEverettStreet) andbecameanactive memberof the community. In 1898, hejoinedStreatorLodgeNo. 602of theInternationalOrderof OddFellows, remaininga lifetime member.21 SarahRollo joinedthefemalewing of thefraternalorganization, theRebekahs. In 1918, hewas appointedto theStreatorPoliceandFire Committeeby Mayor Essington, andlaterservedastheCommittee’s Chairman. Possessedof a lovely singingvoice, hewassecondbassin theImperialQuartette, performingat events aroundtown.22 Whenhisoldestson, James, cameof workingage, hewasemployedasanoffice managerat the WesternGlassCompany. WhenJamesdied, hisyoungerbrother, William Harry, assumedtheposition. Thethird son, Arthur Rollo, wasoffice managerof theAmericanBottleCompany.
In late1923, Rollo wasappointedgeneralmanagerof anewWesternGlassCompanybranch, expectedto be constructedin Fullertonin 1924. Living in temporaryquartersin Fullerton, Rollo oversawtheentireestablishment of thenewglassfactory, includingthetakingout of requiredpermits; thefabricationandinstallationof newplant facilities; theorderingof specializedequipmentandsupplies; thehiring andtrainingof newworkers, etc. After the plantwasupandrunning, Rollo soldhishomein Streator, Illinois, movingpermanentlywith hisfamily to Fullerton in 1924. Rollo hiredhistwo sonsto work at theFullertonplant, with Arthur servingaschiefclerk, andWilliam Harry asforeman. Bothsonswould hold a varietyof positionsbutremainemployeesof thecompanyuntil their deaths. WhentheWesternGlassCompanywaspurchasedby theMississippiGlassCompanyin 1932, themen retainedtheirpositions. After a few yearsasgeneralmanagerof WesternGlass, Rollo turnedto banking, servingon theBoardof Directorsof theBankof AmericaandtheFullertonBuilding-LoanAssociation; laterhewasDirector of theFirst FederalSavingsandLoanAssociationin Fullerton.
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Engagingandout-going, Rollo, whohadalilting Scottishbrogue, wasquickly electedPresidentof theFullerton Chamberof Commerce. Heandhiswife joinedtheFullertonOddFellowsLodge, with Sarahoftenhostingthe Rebekahsattheir WestWhiting Avenueresidence. Rollo alsobecameanactivememberof theFullertonRotary Club. TheRollosretainedafondnessfor Streator, Illinois, andoftenattendedpicnic reunionswith former Streatoritesheldin Anaheim, Long Beach, andLosAngeles.22 Rollo’s two grandchildren, Lucille andWesleyRollo, would graduatefrom FullertonUnion High Schoolin 1936. Wesleywould graduatefrom FullertonCollegein 1937.
After theeconomybeganpicking upfollowing theGreatDepression, FullertonandotherSouthernCalifornia Companiesexperiencedlaborstrikes. OnJuly 27, 1937, 59FullertonMississippiGlassworkers, affiliatedwith the FlatGlassWorkersLocal No. 20,928of theAmericanFederalof Laborers, walkedout. Awarethattheywere working in dangerousconditions, theglassworkersdemandeda 15- centsanhourwageincrease, overtimepay, an 8-hourworkday (shiftswere14 to 16hours), andunionstatusfor foremenusingtools, whowereoftencalledupon to fill in for line workers.23 WhenRollo offereda 5-centanhourwageincreaseandno otherconcessions, theunion askedfor acoastwideboycottagainstMississippiGlass, whichwasgranted.24 Concernedwith thesituation, the MississippiGlassCompanysentVice-PresidentRichardM. Paxton (1871-1949) to Fullertonto settlethedispute.
Theunionworkersaccepteda10- to 13-centwageincrease, hadtheirotherdemandsmet, andreturnedto work on September20, 1937.25 William N. Rollo, thenaged70, retired, andhisson, Arthur E. Rollo replacedhim asgeneral manager, servingasheadof theplantuntil hisdeathfrom a heartattackin 1953.26 William N. Rollo passedawayin 1964, attheageof 94, at SaintJudeHospital, a forty-yearresidentof Fullerton.27 Rollo, hiswife, andothermembersof thefamily areburiedat LomaVistaMemorialPark.
Home Designerand Builder: Philip NasonSchmoker (1893-1975) Philip NasonSchmoker (1893-1975), whoprofessionallywentby P.N. Schmocker, workedasa successfulbuilding contractorin Fullertonfor only threeyears – 1927to 1930 – but hisoften-spectacularresidenceswould leavea lastingimpressionon thebuilt environment. Heconcentratedprimarily onmiddle-classsingle-family dwellings, mostoftendesignedin a SpanishColonialRevivalstylenotedfor their refinedandunadornedinteriorsand exteriors.
Born on April 30, 1893, in Anthony, Kansas, Philip NasonSchmoker [Figure 13] wastheyoungestof threesons onediedin infancy) bornto William FrederickSchmoker (1864-1919), afarmerof Swiss-Germanancestry, andIda Chaney (1868-1926). Schmokerspentsomeof histeenageyearsin Banner, Oklahoma, educatedthroughfour years of highschool. Around1915, thefamily migratedto SouthernCalifornia. William, Ida, andPhilip movedto Whittier; thesecondson, Albert H. Schmoker (1889-1976), settledinto La Habra.
At theageof 19, Philip SchmokermarriedClaraBlancheHalstead (1893-1919) in Whittier onOctober22, 1912.
Thecouplemovedto OntariowhereSchmokerworkedasafactorylaborerin theHotpointCompanyfactory.28 In 1903, Earl H. Richardson (1871-1934) inventedtheHotpointIron, thefirst electriciron to beheatedatthefront point, not thecenter, andthelightweightiron would eventuallybecomethefirst commonlyavailableelectric appliancein America. Richardsonopenedamanufacturingplantin Ontario, andby 1913, Hotpointwasemploying twenty-five percentof theworkforcein Ontario. Duringthis period, Schmokerbecameanordainedminister, working attheiron factoryduringtheweek, andministeringonnightsandweekends. OnhisWorld WarI draft registrationform, henotedthathisreligiousbackgroundwasafactorin hisanti-war stance.29 DPR523L (9/2013)
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WhenWorld WarI started, therewasa high demandfor shipyardworkers, andSchmokerandhisfatherbothmoved to Long Beach. Schmokerwouldhavea particularlydifficult yearin 1919. His wife Clara, whohadbeenaninvalid for anumberof months, passedawayattheirhome (623ChestnutAvenue) onApril 15, 1919, at theageof 26.30 Two monthslater, hisfatherbecameviolently ill while workingat theLong BeachShipbuildingCompany’syardon June18, 1919, anddiedshortlylaterin a hospital.31
Schmokerandhiswidowedmotherlived together (400EstherStreet) for severalmonthsbeforeSchmokerremarried in 1920, andhissecondwife, LeoraElizabethMusgrove (1887-1981), movedinto thehousehold. Thecouplewould havetwo sons – Phillip Donald (1921-2005), knownasDon, andRobertFrederick (1924-2007) – andmoveto 1925 CherryAvenue. Later, Donwould graduatefrom FullertonUnion High Schoolin 1940, attendFullertonCollege, andbecomea flight instructorat SequoiaFieldin VisaliaduringWorld WarII. Robertgraduatedfrom Fullerton Union High Schoolin 1942, thenjoinedtheUnitedStatesNavy.
During this period, Schmokerbecamea devoutmemberof theInternationalBible StudentsAssociationorganized by CharlesTazeRussell (1852-1916), thefounderof whatis now knownastheBible StudentMovement. (After PastorRussell’s death, Jehovah’s WitnessesandotherindependentBible studentgroupsdevelopedfrom the movement.) In theearly1920s, hebegandeliveringfreereligiouslecturesatvarioushallsandmeetingplaces throughoutSouthernCalifornia, includingSanPedro, LongBeach, Riverside, andSantaAna. His topicsranged from “TheWorld’s Distress, Its Meaning” to “Earthquakes, Fulfillment of Prophecy” to “Destinyof theHeathen andUnbelieving” [Figure 14].32
Ambitious, Schmokermovedup from shipyardcarpenterto building carpenterto buildingcontractor. Hebegan designingandbuildinghisfirst residencesin Long Beachin 1919. Heinitially designedandbuilt Craftsman bungalowsbut quickly switchedto SpanishColonialRevivalresidencesthatoftenusedPuebloRevivalinfluences.
ExtantSchmokerhousesin LongBeachincludedwellingsat3119ColoradoStreet (1923); 4824EastBroadway 1923); and254RoycroftAvenue (1924). Healsobuilt a smalltwo-bedroom, one-bathroomSpanishbungalowat 124North Via deRomaWalk ashispersonalresidence.
In 1926, FullertonrancherHarryGantz (1887-1949) andhiswife, famousfilm directorLois Weber (1879-1939), decidedto developa FullertonsubdivisioncalledBrookdaleHeightsthatencompassedthe300and400blocksof WestBrookdalePlace. Eachprovidedpartof thefinancing, with Gantztakingovertheadvertisingandsellingof thelotsandWeberoverseeingthestreetdesignandconstructionof thefirst homes. Weberannouncedthatshe personallywouldbeoverseeingthebuildingof two speculativebungalowsin thetract, butshecompletedonly the homeat329WestBrookdalePlace, with Gantzoverseeingthedwellingat 344WestBrookdalePlace.33 To completetheproject, GantzcommissionedSchmokerto designandbuild theWestBrookdalePlaceresidence. The resultwasa uniqueandbeautifullystyledSpanishColonialRevivaldwelling verydifferentfrom otherSpanish- styleddwellingsbeingconstructedat thetime. Theresidencebroughtconsiderableattentionto Smocker, a newcomerto Fullerton, andhebuilt otherhomesin thenewsubdivision, including425, 432, and433West BrookdalePlace.
With thesuccessof theBrookdalePlaceresidence, Schmokerbeganconstructingspeculativehousesaround Fullerton. Thetown wasexperiencingaresidentialbuildingboomat thetime, andhequickly foundconstruction work asalocal building contractor. Hesetupanoffice at 130WestCommonwealth (later109), initially driving from Long Beachto Fullerton, but eventuallypurchasedahomeat 127WestBrookdalePlace, addinga duplexat therearof thepropertyin 1928.34
In 1927, realestateandinsuranceagentHarryH. Crooke – who wasalsomayorof Fullerton – formedtheSkyline ParkSyndicatewith accountantHarry Ustick. Thetwo menundertookthedevelopmentof a nine-blockareajust to theeastof HillcrestPark. An eastFullertonresponseto successfulresidentialdevelopmentsin theGoldenHill area,
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SkylinePark (Tract838) wasoneof themosthighly publicizeddevelopmentsin Fullertonduringthe1920s.
Improvementsin theresidentialsubdivisionwerebegunin Juneof 1927, ata costof $90,000, andwerefinishedin mid-Februaryof 1928. Impressedby Schmoker’swork, CrookeandUstickhiredhim to build residences “onspec” for potentialhomebuyers; theyalsocommissionedSchmokerto build housesfor thosewhohadpurchasedlots in the tract. Crookeintendedfor SkylineParkto bea showcasefor Spanish-styledarchitecture, andnearlyall thehomes thatSchmokerconstructedin thesubdivisionwereof a SpanishColonialRevivalarchitecturalstyle, with an occasionalCottage-styledwelling, includingthoseat 401CannonLane, and1301, 1311, 1316, and1317Luanne Avenue. CrookeandUstickweresodelightedwith Schmoker’sdesignsthattheyfeaturedhishomesin advertisementsfor SkylinePark [Figure 15].
Schmoker’smostimpressivebuilding in theSkylineParkdevelopmentwasthe16-roomSpanishColonialRevival homebuilt for Alex GlenandAlma Wright, ownersof theOrangeCountyRockCompany, in 1929. TheWright Houseat 401CannonLane, knownlocally astheBridgestoneMansion, cost $30,000, morethananyotherdwelling Schmokerwould build.35 Althoughtheinteriorwasseverelyalteredin the2010s, thehomestill reflectsits original grandandgracefulstyleandremainsthemostsignificantbuildingin SkylinePark.
CrookeandUstickquickly formeda buildingpartnershipwith Schmoker, andthemenwould constructotherhomes aroundFullerton, including403EastVirginia Road (1929) and617NorthHighlandAvenue (1928), while advertisingthemselvesasabuilding team [Figure 16]. Schmokerworkedprimarily in theSpanishColonialRevival style, varyingeachhome, buthealsodesignedandconstructedsomeinterestingCottages (e.g., 432W. Brookdale Place, 520WestWhiting Avenue). Hewasat hisconstructionpeakin 1928, rapidlybuilding 20residencesaround Fullerton, usingthebusinessslogan: “Largeor small, webuild themall.”36 Healsoofferedonehundredpercent financing. In 1928, heconstructedhisonly majorindustrialbuilding, theMiller ManufacturingBuilding, nowa FullertonLocalLandmark.37 Thatsameyear, hewasawardeda $30,000contractto constructanadditionto theFord GrammarSchool.38
Hereceivedhismostnoteworthycommissionfrom Arthur W. andKathrynCleaver, ownersof theSanitaryLaundry 221-225WestSantaFeAvenue), in 1929. TheCleaversweretakingin $40,000to $60,000a monthfrom Seal Beachoil leases, andthewealthycouplehadthefundsnecessaryto constructauniqueanddistinctiveSpanish ColonialRevivalhomeat519WestFernDrive, completewith a ballroomin thebasement.39 A FullertonLocal Landmark, theexpansiveCleaverHouseremainsa visuallandmarkin theUpperGoldenHill neighborhood.
Schmokeradvertisedextensivelyin theFullerton NewsTribune, optimisticallyentering1929with manyplanned projects [Figure 17]. The1929StockMarketCrash, however, endedhisbuilding businessin Fullerton. His last majorprojectwasthetwo-storySpanishColonialRevivalBreaAmericanLegionBuilding, nowtheBreaMuseum andHistoricalCenter, in 1930, listedon theNationalRegisterof HistoricPlacesin 1984.40 After the1929Crash, SchmokersoldhisFullertonresidenceandmovedhisfamily to ahousehehadconstructedat 2300WestOrangethorpeAvenue (later1321SouthGilbert Street), thenaruralunincorporatedarea. His wife Leora, a memberof theFullertonEbellClub, becamevery activein theOrangethorpeParent-TeacherAssociation. Hewas hiredasasuperintendentfor theLos AngelesConstructionCompanyheadquarteredon WestPicoBoulevard.
During World WarII, heservedasconstructionsuperintendentfor CampElliott, a Marinetrainingcenterin San Diego.41 After World WarII, heworkedfor PasadenaarchitectsJohnCyril Bennett (1891-1957) andhisson, RobertEdwardBennett (1915-2003), whohadformedapartnership, Bennett & Bennett.42 Schmokerlived onSouthGilbertStreetuntil hisdeathonFebruary11, 1975, at theageof 81. Heandhiswife are buriedat RoseHills MemorialParkin Whittier.
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Bibliographic References
1SonArthur E. Rollo wasat 308DrakeAvenue, andhiswidoweddaughter-in-law, LeonaMaeRollo (1888-1979), andgranddaughterLucille wereat237WestWilshire Avenue. Leonawasthewidow of William N. Rollo’s oldest son, JamesP. Rollo (1889-1918), whodiedduringthe1918influenceepidemic. 2“July Building Nearly $70,000,” Fullerton NewsTribune, July 30, 1927. 3“SarahRollo,” SantaAnaRegister, January19, 1957, 11.
4“Industriesto beUrgedHere,” Fullerton NewsTribune, January5, 1923; “FullertonIndustrialSite,” Fullerton NewsTribune, June9, 1923; “IndustrialTractDrawingBig Firms, SantaAnaRegister, May 26, 1923. 5MissFullerton InvitesYou: Fullerton, Heartof OrangeCounty. (Fullerton: FullertonChamberof Commerce, 1932). Copyonfile, LocalHistory Room, FullertonPublicLibrary. 6“SouthernCaliforniaGlassFactory,” AmericanGlassReview, August28, 1926, 15-16. 7“GlassPlantLocates,” LosAngelesTimes, January27, 1924, C13; “Illinois GlassManufacturingCompany PurchasesSiteatFullertonfor Factory,” LosAngelesTimes, February3, 1924, E15; “WesternGlassCompany Locatesin Fullerton,” OrangeCountyReview, March1924, 34; “GlassFactoryto Locatein Fullerton,” SantaAna Register, January26, 1964, 5.
8“FullertonGetsFactory,” La Habra Star, February1, 192 4; “Let FactoryContract,” La Habra Star, February6, 1924; “GiveContractfor FactoryBuildings,” SantaAnaRegister, February4, 1924, 14; “SteelBuildingsAre Erectedby Iron Company,” LosAngelesTimes, December7, 1924, 108. 9“GlassPlantat FullertonReadyto OpenMonday,” AnaheimBulletin, September14, 1924, 3; “Commence Production: NewFactoryat FullertonAll Readyto TurnOutFinishedProduct,” LosAngelesTimes, September21, 1924, E12.
10“GlassFactoryis Visited by Kiwanians,” SantaAnaDaily Register, August20, 1924, 14; “GlassmenAre Guests at Banquet,” LosAngelesTimes, February13, 1925, 36; “GlassFactoryInspectedby Officers,” Fullerton News Tribune, September29, 1924.; “Businessmenof FullertonVisit GlassFactory, Fullerton NewsTribune, August19, 1924. Rollo oftengavetalksaboutthecompany, inviting peopleto visit theplant: “RotaryClubHearsPastoron Religion,” SantaAnaDaily Register, May 27, 1926, 19.
11“Illinois GlassManufacturingCompanyPurchasesSiteat Fullertonfor Factory,” LosAngelesTimes, February8, 1924.
12“FullertonMen GetPreferenceof FactoryJobs,” SantaAnaRegister, September6, 1924, 6. 13“TheStoryof theMississippiGlassCompany,“ In Glassby MississippiCatalog. Onfile, Local HistoryRoom, FullertonPublicLibrary; BobLockhart, PeteSchulz, andBeauSchriever, TheMississippiGlassCo. Societyfor HistoricalArchaeology, 2017. chrome-
extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/MississippiGlass.pdf 14KonstandenaKefallinos, WireGlass: Historyof Technology & Development. Thesis, ColumbiaUniversity, GraduateSchoolof Architecture, PlanningandPreservation, May 2013, 19. Online.
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15Tohelphomeownersidentify their typeof MississippiGlass, FullertonHeritagepurchaseda samplebox aswell as companycatalogsavailablein theLocalHistory Room, FullertonPublicLibrary. 16“Only FlatGlassPlanton WestCoastLocatedin City,” Fullerton NewsTribune, August25, 1954. 17“WarehouseOKd,” LosAngelesTimes, February26, 1956, E1. 18“GlassCompanyWill ErectMixing Plant,” LosAngelesTimes, April 28, 1957, G21. 19“GlassPlantBuildsNewOfficesHere,” Fullerton NewsTribune, April 30, 1963, 7. 19“JamesRollo DiesToday,” TheTimes (Streator, Illinois), November8, 1918, 1. 20“OddFellowsPayTributeto 50-YearMembers,” TheTimes (Streator, Illinois), April 30, 1958, 3. 21“DreamlandGrandOpening,” TheTimes (Streator, Illinois), September30, 1907, 8. 22“StreatoritesAttendPicnicIn Los Angeles,” TheTimes (Streator, Illinois), April 7, 1933, 4; “StreatoritesGuestsat Semi-AnnualPicnic,” TheTimes (Streator, Illinois), 3; “FormerLocal PeoplePicnicin California,” TheTimes Streator, Illinois), October12, 1946, 2
23”BeginStrikein FullertonGlassPlant,” FullertonNewsTribune, July29, 1937; “WorkersPicketFullertonPlant,” AnaheimBulletin, August4, 1937, 7; “PicketsPatrolFullertonPlant,” AnaheimBulletin, August7, 1937, 3; “Strike Quietat Fullerton,” SantaAnaRegister, August4, 1937, 5; “StrikeSituationStill Unchanged,” AnaheimBulletin, August6, 1937; “PicketingContinuesAroundGlassPlant,” Fullerton NewsTribune, August11, 1937. 24“StartBoycotton GlassFirm,” SantaAnaRegister, August25, 1937, 2; “BoycottOpensatFullerton,” SantaAna Register, August26, 1937, 4.
25“GlassWorkersReturnto Jobs,” SantaAnaRegister, September17, 1937, 2; “FullertonGlassPlantto Reopen Following Strike,” LosAngelesTimes, September18, 1937, 7. 26“FullertonMan Takenby Death,” SantaAnaRegister, March14, 1953, 1; “GlassExecutiveDiesatFullerton,” LosAngelesTimes, March15, 1953, 59; “FormerLocalResidentDies,” TheTimes (Streator, Illinois), March14, 1953, 4.
27“William Rollo Diesat 94,” Fullerton NewsTribune, January11, 1964; “W. N. Rollo PassesAway at Calif.”, The Times (Streator, Illinois), January13, 1964, 3.
28Hotpoint: Our Story. GEAppliances, 2024. https://www.hotpoint.com/hotpoint-history/; Allen, David, “History in Flames, asFormerHotpointClubhouseBurnsin Ontario,” Daily Bulletin, August22, 2019; HotpointClubhouse Concept, City of Ontario, July2022, chrome-
extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.ontarioca.gov/sites/default/files/Ontario- Files/Planning/Historic_Preservation/hotpoint_general_electric.pdf 29RegistrationCard: Phillip N. Schmoker [sic]. 1920. UnitedStatesWorld WarI Draft RegistrationCards, 1917- 1918. FamilySearch.org.
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30“ClaraHalsteadSchmoker,” LongBeachDaily Telegram, April 17, 1919. Sheis buriedin theSunnysideCemetery in LongBeach.
31“FallsDeadWhile at Work in Shipyard,” SanPedroNewsPilot, June19, 1919. 32“InternationalBible Students,” LongBeachPressTelegramandtheLongBeachDaily News, August9, 1924, 10; InternationalBible StudentAssociation,” SantaAnaDaily Register, September29, 1923, 4; “Destinyof the HeathenandUnbelieving,” RiversideDaily Press, December16, 1922, 2. 33DeboraRichey, “Lois Weber: A Touchof Hollywood in Fullerton,” FullertonHeritageNewsletter, 28, no. 2 (June 2022), 4.
34“BeginsDuplexConstruction,” Fullerton NewsTribune, April 28, 1928. 35“BeautifulHomeNearsCompletionin SkylinePark,” FullertonNewsTribune, October22, 1927. 36“BuilderBooks $50,000HomeOrdersHere,” Fullerton NewsTribune, December17, 1927. 37“BeginWork on PlantHereto Cost $10,000, FullertonNewsTribune, March10, 1928; “TradeNotesandShop News,” WesternMachineryNews, April 1928, 183.
38“Permitsfor Month $60,000in Fullerton,” SantaAnaRegister, July 23, 1928, 5. 39DeboraRichey, “TheCleaversStrikeLiquid Gold,” Fullerton HeritageNewsletter, 30, no. 2 (July 2024), 1, 3-5; CleaverResidenceNow Is in Midst of ConstructionWork,” Fullerton NewsTribune, July 6, 1927; “Work Started on Cleaver’s 16-roomHome,” FullertonNewsTribune, June1, 1929. 40“LegionContractGivenApproval,” SantaAnaRegister, February7, 1930, 10; Kathy Canon, “TheEasterly90 Feetof SaidLot …,” Historical Happenings: A Publicationof theBreaHistorical Society, 18, no. 5 (May 2001), 1. 41“Philip Schmoker: RegistrationCard,” World WarII Draft RegistrationRecords. FamilySearch.org. 42Bennett & BennettArchitects’ RosterQuestionnaire. AmericanInstituteof ArchitectsArchives. Copyonfile, Local HistoryRoom, FullertonPublicLibrary. Beforeforming anarchitecturalfirm with hisson, JohnCyril Bennett designednotablebuildingsin Pasadena, includingtheRaymondTheatre, thePasadenaPlayhouse, andthePasadena Civic Auditorium.
DPR523L (9/2013)
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Figure 1: Union Iron Works advertisementfeaturing WesternGlassCompany in Fullerton Source: Los AngelesTimes, December21, 1924
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Figure 2: Western GlassCompanybuildings, 1924
Source: Los AngelesTimes, November2, 1924, p. 97
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Figure 3: Western GlassCompany building interior
Source: Southern California EdisonPhotographsand Negatives, Huntington Digital Library Figure4: WesternGlasscompanyadvertisement, 1925
Source: Yearbook, Architectural and Allied Arts Exposition, 1925 DPR523L (9/2013)
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Figure 5: MississippiGlassCompany advertisement, 1925
Source: Fullerton Public Library
Figure 6: MississippiGlasspostcard, 1910
Source: Fullerton Public Library
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Figure 7: MississippiGlassProducts, 1958
Source: Make Your HomeDistinctivewith DecorativeGlass, 1958. Catalogon file, Fullerton Public Library DPR523L (9/2013)
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Figure 8: MississippiGlassCompany advertisement, Fullerton NewsTribune, April 28, 1964 Source: Fullerton Public Library
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Figure 9: MississippiGlassCompanyadvertisement, Fullerton NewsTribune, April 29, 1969 Source: Fullerton Public Library
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Figure 10: MississippiGlassCompany ShowerDoors, 1958
Source: Make Your HomeDistinctivewith DecorativeGlass, 1958. Catalogon file, Fullerton Public Library DPR523L (9/2013)
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Figure 11: MississippiGlassCompany advertisementfeaturing Eichler Homes, 1960s Source: Fullerton Public Library
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Property Name: __ William N. Rollo House_______________________________________________________________________________ Page _ 25____ of _ 34____
Figure 12: MississippiGlassPlant, Fullerton, 1954
Source: Fullerton NewsTribune, August 25, 1954
Figure 13: Philip N. Schmoker
Source: Find a Grave
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Figure 14: Philip N. Schmoker
Source: RiversideDaily Press, December16, 1922
Figure 15: Fullerton NewsTribune advertisementfor Skyline Park featuring Schmokerdesigned/built homes Source: Fullerton NewsTribune. May 19, 1929
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Figure 16: Crooke, Ustick, Schmokeradvertisement
Source: Fullerton NewsTribune, January 28, 1928
Figure 17: Philip N. Schmokeradvertisement
Source: Fullerton NewsTribune, March 13, 1929
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1927SanbornFire InsuranceMap showingthe layout of the WesternGlassCompany factory Source: Fullerton History Room
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Photo 1: North (front) elevationof the house
Photo 2: Partial north (front) elevationof the house
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Photo 3: Eastsideof the house
Photo 4: South (back) sideof the house
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Photo 5: West sideof garagein back portion of the property Photo 6: Stairs leadingto cellar in back sideof house
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Property Name: __ William N. Rollo House_______________________________________________________________________________ Page _ 32____ of _ 34____
Photo 7: Front door to house
Photo 7: Archway betweenliving room and dining room
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Photo 8: Built- in wood secretaryin living room of the house Photo 9: Exit door with long casementwindowslocatedon eastsidein dining room DPR523L (9/2013)
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Property Name: ___ William N. Rollo House______________________________________________________________________________ Page _ 34____ of _ 34____
Photo 10: Interior door of house Photo 11: Cabinet in bedroom of house Photo 12: Doorknob on doorsin house Photo 13: Speakeasydesignon insideof front door Attachment No. 3
PowerPoint Presentation
PRJ2024-00010 — 538 WEST WHITING AVENUE
PRJ2024-00010
LocalLandmarkDesignation
538WestWhitingAvenue
LandmarksCommissionPublicHearing
ZoomMeeting ID: 89315253564
ProjectLocation – 538W. WhitingAvenue
2 WHITING AVENUE
DR
AKEAVENUE
N
ProjectDescription
Requestto designate538WestWhitingAvenueas a locallandmark ( HistoricalLandmarkNo. HL-111) on the FullertonLocalRegisterof HistoricalResources
CorrespondingGeneralPlanRevisiontoTheFullertonPlan:
AddlistingtoTable6, CityofFullertonLocalRegisterofHistoricalResources AddlocationtoExhibit4, MapofHistoricalResources
ExteriorPhotos
ExteriorPhotos
DesignationCriteria
1. Character, interestorvalueaspartoftheheritageofthecity.
2. Siteofahistoricevent.
3. Identifiedwithpersonswhosignificantlycontributedtothecity.
4. Exampleofanarchitecturalstyleorwayoflifeimportanttothecity.
5. Exampleofthebestremainingarchitecturaltypesinanarea.
6. Workofapersonwhohasinfluencedtheheritageofthecity, stateornation.
7. Displaysoutstandingattentiontoarchitecturaldesign, detail, materials, orcraftsmanship.
8. Relationshiptootherlandmarks, wherethepreservationofonehasabearingonthepreservationof another.
9. Property, by its locationor characteristics, is an establishedandfamiliarvisualfeatureof a neighborhood.
10. Naturalenvironmentthatcontributestothewellbeingofthecommunity.
DesignationCriteria
3. Identifiedwithpersonswhosignificantlycontributedtothecity.
Notableglassmanufacturer, WilliamNessRollo (WesternGlassCompany)
7. Displaysoutstandingattentiontoarchitecturaldesign, detail, materials, orcraftsmanship.
ExcellentexampleoftheSpanish Colonial Revival architectural style Includeslargethree-band (24-lite) stationarywindowsontheeastsideprovidinglightforthelivingroom.
Fivearchesarepositionedacrossthefrontfaçade, includingtwoarchedwindowsonthewestside.
Frontfaçade’sdominantfeatureisastrikingrectangular-shapedtower, positionedbetweentwowings, thatrisesabove theroofline.
Dwellingretainsahighdegreeofhistoricintegrity, especiallyintermsofdesign, materials, andworkmanship.
RecommendedActions
AdoptResolutionNo. PC-2024-35designatingthepropertylocatedat538West WhitingAvenueasHistorical (Local) LandmarkNo. HL-111andrecommending theCityCouncilapprovea GeneralPlanRevisionto makecorresponding amendmentstoTable6andExhibit3ofTheFullertonPlan
Projectis CategoricallyExemptfrom CEQAper Section15331, Historic ResourcePreservation
GeneralPlanConsistency:
ConsistentwithTheFullertonPlangoalsandpoliciesthatencourageraisingtheawarenessofthevalueofhistoricresources andreinforcingthecharacterandsenseofplace.
PRJ2024-00010
LocalLandmarkDesignation
538WestWhitingAvenue
LandmarksCommissionPublicHearing
ZoomMeeting ID: 89315253564