Las Animas Park Pickleball Courts SECTION 32 91 13
Project No. 26-PW-305 SOIL PREPARATION-268
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 EXISTING SITE SOIL
A. Existing Topsoil: The top layer of existing soil in planting areas, containing minerals and organic materials including humus, and completely free of weeds, roots, rocks/clods over 1 cubic inch and other objectionable material. Depth of topsoil shall be taken to be 4-6 inches deep or as determined by the Owners Representative at the time of construction after clearing and grubbing.
1. At turf areas topsoil starts below the grass root zone.
2. At unpaved / planting areas other than turf, topsoil starts below the mulch and organic matter layer.
3. Soil underneath paving and aggregate base areas will not be considered as existing topsoil.
B. Sub-soil: The remaining existing soil on the site after clearing & grubbing, after topsoil has been removed, and after all rocks over 1 cubic inch and all foreign debris and organic material have been removed and/or the engineered fill on the site after completion of rough grading operations.
1. Soil under paving and aggregate base areas may be considered as subsoil provided contamination testing as specified elsewhere in this section indicates that it is free of contaminants that are harmful to plant growth.
2.2 FERTILIZER
A. Soil amendment fertilizer: commercial fertilizer, 16-6-8 (N-P-K) uniform pellet. For bidding purposes only, exact fertilizer type and quantity to be determined by Test Lab analysis.
B. Plant fertilizer: commercial fertilizer packets / tablets, two-year controlled-release 20-10-05 (N-PK). Best Tabs by Simplot Professional Products, Agriform by The Scotts Company, or equal.
2.3 SOIL AMENDMENTS
A. Compost: nitrogen stabilized organic compost produced only from landscape / yard trimmings, grass clippings, food scraps or agricultural residues.
1. Nitrified bark, nitrified sawdust, wood-based soil conditioners will not be permitted.
2. Compost is to be produced from recovered organic waste and suitable for landscape maintenance, renovation, or construction.
a. Compost is to be produced through the controlled biological decomposition of organic solid wastes that are separated at source from the municipal solid waste stream, or which are separated at a centralized facility. b. Compost must be produced at a permitted compostable material handling operation or a large volume in-vessel digestion facility that composts on-site.
3. Compost is to have a dark brown color, does not exhibit a sour or putrid smell, does not contain recognizable grass or leaves, and is not hot upon delivery or rewetting.
4. Compost gradation:
Sieve Size Percent Passing
3/8 inch (9.5 mm) 100%
1/4 inch (6.25 mm) At least 95%
#8 (2.36 mm) At least 60%
#16 (1.18 mm) 20% - 70%
#32 (500 um) 0% - 30%
B. Compost Chemistry – Suitability Considerations
1. Nitrogen (dry weight basis): 0.4 to 0.6%
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2. Iron (minimum): 0.08%
3. Organic content: above 17%
4. Carbon-Nitrogen Ratio: below 25
5. pH: below 8.0
6. Salinity (ECe): a numerical value such that when combined with the existing site soil at a use rate determined by the Test Lab Analysis, the salinity of the amended soil / backfill mix shall not exceed 4.0 dS/m (mmhos/cm).
C. Compost pre-approved suppliers – no physical sample is required. The test is still required as described elsewhere in this Specification:
1. L.H. Voss Materials, Concord, CA
2. Lyngso Garden Materials, San Carlos, CA
3. TMT Enterprises, San Jose, CA
4. Vision Recycling, Fremont, CA
5. Zanker Road Resource Management (Z-Best), Gilroy, CA D. Gypsum (if required by existing soils test): agricultural grade, OMRI listed.
1. Cal-Sul Pelletized Gypsum by North Pacific, Portland OR
2. Ultra Fine AG Gypsum by Western Mining & Minerals
3. Approved equal.
E. Sulfur (if required by existing soils test): granular degradable sulfur product, Tiger 90CR Organic 0-0-0-90 Sulfur by TigerSul.com, or approved equal.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 GENERAL
A. Limits and Grades: Prior to commencing soil preparation operations request a review by the Owner’s Representative to verify rough grading work including elevations completed to date and verify specified limits of soil preparation work to commence.
1. Do not accept rough earthwork elevations if after soil preparation the finished grades will not meet the elevation criteria noted elsewhere in this Specification.
B. Finish-grade all non-hardscape areas to round the top and toe of all slopes, providing natural contouring to integrate newly graded areas with the existing topography.
C. Finish grade all non-hardscape areas to smoothly integrate areas undergoing grading and/or soil preparation with the existing grades.
D. Protect concrete from any sulfate-based fertilizers that may be specified from soils analysis to avoid staining. Replace any concrete damaged from amendment placement at no additional cost to the Owner.
3.2 TOPSOIL
A. The term ‘topsoil’ as used in this section refers to stockpiled Existing Topsoil and/or Imported Topsoil if necessary or if specified as required to achieve finished grades. Refer to the clauses on Existing Site Soil and Imported Topsoil elsewhere in this Specification.
1. If both stockpiled Existing Topsoil and Imported Topsoil are present at the Project site, then blend the two thoroughly prior to placement unless otherwise noted.
2. For the top 4-inches of topsoil to be installed, screen stockpiled Existing Topsoil to remove clods over 1 cubic inch prior to blending.
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3.3 SOIL PREPARATION SCHEDULE
Planting
Type
Topsoil
Minimum
Cultivation
Depth
Imported
Topsoil
(min
compacted
depth)
Amendments
(compost)
Amendments
(gypsum,
sulfur)
Commercial
Fertilizers
Turf &
Bioswale
Area s
(Sod /
Seed)
10-inches None 6 CY / 1000
sf (*)
50 lbs / 1000
sf (*)
12 lbs / 1000
sf (*)
(*) For bidding purposes only, exact amendment / fertilizer type and quantity to be determined by Test Lab analysis.
(**) Test Lab may recommend compost and amendments to improve soil texture and address alkalinity for native grass and restoration areas. Lab recommendations supersede this table.
3.4 SOIL PREPARATION
A. Graded / Restored Areas:
1. For areas to be graded or that have been disturbed by construction that are to be planted, install topsoil across the entire such areas to produce the final finish grade requirement as shown on the Drawings, minimum depth of topsoil as noted in the Soil Preparation Schedule in this Specification section
a. Excavated subsoil that is amended cannot be used as a substitute for topsoil. b. Graded / restored in-place surface soils that are amended per the recommendations of the Soils Report can be proposed in lieu of topsoil placement.
B. Cross-ripping:
1. For graded / restored areas to be planted, cross-rip the sub-grade to the minimum depth specified in the Soil Preparation Schedule. Add water if necessary and continue ripping or cultivation until the entire specified depth is loose and friable. a. Cross-ripping includes areas in between tree and plant pits unless otherwise noted on the Drawings.
b. Bring topsoil to a smooth, even grade and settle the soil with water as needed and re-grade high/low areas in accordance with paragraph "Finish Grading" in this Specification.
3.5 AMENDMENT PLACEMENT
A. See Soil Preparation Schedule in this Specification for requirements, adjustments to the bidding formula to be determined by Owner’s Representative based on the Test Lab analysis and provided to the Contractor in writing.
1. Upon completion of cross-ripping apply the amendments / fertilizers as described in the Soil Preparation Schedule and blend to a depth of 6-inches.
B. Uniformly spread and incorporated the materials to obtain a homogeneously blended soil, 6- inches in depth unless otherwise noted. See comments on watering.
Plant pits: Use soil which has been amended in the above manner as the backfill mix around the sides of the root balls.
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1. Plant pit sizes: as shown on the Drawings, which take precedence over the recommendations of the Existing Soils Report. If not shown on the Drawings, then follow the Existing Soils Report.
2. Plant pits in paved areas are to extend to the edge of the planter opening in all directions unless otherwise noted on the Drawings.
C. Watering: Apply water to planting areas including turf areas to thoroughly mix in amendments and fertilizers immediately after amending soil, and a minimum of 24-hours prior to planting, unless rain is forecast for that period.
1. If the Testing lab recommends adding amendments to lower alkalinity / pH values, then apply at least half (1/2) inch of water over all planting areas.
2. For drip-irrigated areas, manually apply water by hose-end spray attachments, impact sprinklers on stands or lawn oscillating sprinklers.
3. Connect hose pipes to quick couplers or hose bibs. If neither is available or the main line has not been pressurized, use a portable lawn sprinkler pump connected to a water tank.
4. The cost of watering to mix in amendments is at no additional cost to the Owner.
D. Finish grade all planting areas smoothly and uniformly, including those indicated to be only mulched on the Drawings, with the exception of areas under tree canopies..
1. In all planting areas including mulch-only areas, remove all rocks and clods over 1 cubic inch, as well as all construction aggregates and construction gravel.
2. In turf and bioswale areas, remove all rocks over ½ cubic inch.
3. Repair all erosion damage during the construction period.
E. Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings, all soil finished grades after watering and / or natural settlement shall be 1-inch maximum below finish surface of pavements, curbs, mow bands, utility pads and utility box rims.
1. For existing planting areas being replanted use stockpiled topsoil and/or import topsoil if required to meet the finish grade, at no additional cost to the Owner.
3.6 PLANT FERTILIZER
A. Apply additional fertilizer to all container stock, in the form of commercial fertilizer packets / tablets at the rate of: DELETE ROWS WITH LARGER SIZES IF NOT PART OF PROJECT Container size Fertilizer Packets / Tablets
Up to and including 1 gal one (1)
Up to and including 3 gal two (2)
5-gal three (3)
15-gal nine (9)
24" box & larger twelve (12)
1. Space the packets / tablets evenly around the ball halfway up backfill touching side of root ball.
2. The additional fertilizer requirement is independent of the recommendations of the Test Lab Report(s).
3. Plant fertilizer requirement includes plants planted in bioretention areas.
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Project No. 26-PW-305 SOIL PREPARATION-272
3.7 CLEAN UP
A. After completion of all soil preparation operations, remove all trash, excess soil and other debris.
Sweep and wash clean all walks, walls, and pavement. Leave the entire area in a neat, orderly condition.
END OF SECTION
Las Animas Park Pickleball Courts SECTION 32 91 16
Project No. 26-PW-305 BIORETENTION SOIL-273
SECTION 32 91 16
BIORETENTION SOIL
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. General: Drawings and General Provisions of Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division-1 Specification Sections, apply to the work of this Section.
1.2 DESCRIPTION OF WORK
A. Extent: Furnish all labor, material, equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary for supply, preparation and installation of Bioretention Soil Mix in storm water treatment measures as shown on the Drawings and as specified in this Section.
1.3 STANDARDS
A. Applicable ASTM International Standards (latest revisions) as they apply to this work and related test methods, including:
1. C33 / C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
2. D422 Standard Test Method for Particle Size Analysis of Soils
1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. Samples: Provide one-quart samples each of compost, mulch, and mixed Bioretention Soil to the ARCHITECT for review.
B. Certification, signed and dated, from the soil supplier that the Bioretention Soil Mix meets the requirements of this specification.
1. Certification shall include, as included at the end of this Specification:
a. Supplier Analysis of Bioretention Soil Mix
b. Lab Analysis OR supplier/quarry sieve analysis of Sand Component of Bioretention Soil Mix
c. Lab Analysis of Compost Component of Bioretention Soil Mix d. Supplier Analysis of Compost Component of Bioretention Soil Mix C. Compost Testing: Laboratory (Lab) analysis for Compost Component noted above shall be performed by either:
1. Pre-approved Lab – Soil Control Lab, 42 Hangar Way, Watsonville, CA 95076, (831)724- 5422
2. A Lab that is enrolled in the US Composting Council Compost Analysis Proficiency (CAP) program and using approved Test Methods for the Evaluation of Composting and Compost (TMECC). Lab qualifications shall include:
a. Address, phone number, email address.
b. Qualifications of Lab personnel
c. Date of current certification by STA, ASTM, or approved equal.
3. Quality analysis results for compost performed by an independent STA Program approved lab in accordance with US Composting Council's Seal of Testing Assurance (STA) standards. Samples are to be taken using the STA sample collection protocol. (Sample collection protocol can be obtained from the U.S. Composting Council, 4250 Veterans
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Memorial Highway, Suite 275, Holbrook, NY 11741, (631) 737-4931 www.compostingcouncil.org).
4. Organic content test results of mixed Bioretention Soil: Organic content test shall be performed in accordance with Testing Methods for the Examination of Compost and Composting (TMECC) 05.07A, "Loss-On Ignition Organic Matter Method".
5. Tests must be conducted within 120 calendar days prior to the installation date of Bioretention Soil Mix in the Project site.
6. Use of an alternate soil testing lab without prior approval shall be cause for rejection of the submitted analysis.
7. Contractor shall pay for all testing fees from the Lab for all tests specified herein.
8. No material shall be delivered to the site until the ARCHITECT approves the material.
D. Other Testing: Laboratory analysis for Bioretention Soil Mix texture and amendments if required shall be performed by:
1. Soil Control Lab, 42 Hangar Way, Watsonville, CA 95076, (831)724-5422
2. Waypoint Analytical (formerly Soil & Plant Laboratory) 1101 S. South Winchester Blvd., Suite G173, San Jose, CA 95128, (408) 727-0330 or prior approved equal.
3. Use of an alternate soil testing lab without prior approval shall be cause for rejection of the submitted analysis.
E. No material shall be delivered to the site until the ARCHITECT approves the material.
F. Contractor shall pay for all testing fees from the Testing Lab for all tests specified herein.
1.5 REVIEWS
A. See Specification Section Soil Preparation.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 BIORETENTION SOIL
A. General: Bioretention soil shall be sufficiently permeable to achieve a long-term (life of the facility) in-place infiltration rate of minimum 5 inches per hour. Bioretention Soil Mix shall also have sufficient moisture and nutrients to support healthy vegetation.
B. Composition: Bioretention Soil Mix shall be a mixture of 60%-70% sand, and 30%-40% compost, measured on a volume basis.
1. Bioretention Soil Mix may be prepared on site, or Contractor may elect to provide it premixed to the Project.
C. Approved Suppliers of pre-mixed Bioretention Soil: pre-approval shall not release the compost supplier from complying with this Specification including submittal requirements.
1. “Bio-Treatment Soil Mix”, L.H.Voss Materials, Dublin, CA, (925) 676-7910
2. “Z-Best Bio Soil Mix”, Greenwaste, San Jose, CA (408) 586-9292
3. Prior-approved Equal
D. Depth: Bioretention Soil Mix shall be minimum 24” (twenty-four inches) depth unless otherwise noted on the Drawings.
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Project No. 26-PW-305 BIORETENTION SOIL-275
2.2 SAND
A. General: Sand shall be free of wood, waste, coating such as clay, stone dust, carbonate, etc., or any other deleterious material. All aggregate passing the No. 200 sieve size shall be non-plastic.
B. Grain size / texture: Sand shall be analyzed in accordance with ASTM D422 and meet the following gradation below. All sands complying with ASTM C33 for fine aggregate comply with these gradation requirements.
Sieve Size Percent Passing (by weight)
3/8”
Min
100%
Max
100%
No.4 90% 100%
No.8 70% 100%
No.16 40% 95%
No.30 15% 70%
No.40 5% 55%
No.100 0% 15%
No.200 0% 5%
2.3 COMPOST
A. General: Compost shall be a well decomposed, stable, weed free organic matter source derived from waste materials including yard debris, wood wastes or other organic materials. Compost shall not include manure or bio-solids.
1. Compost shall meet the standards developed by the US Composting Council (USCC). The material shall be certified through the USCC Seal of Testing Assurance (STA) Program.
B. Approved Products: pre-approval shall not release the compost supplier from complying with this Specification including submittal requirements.
1. “Z-Best Organic Compost”, Greenwaste, San Jose, CA (408) 586-9292
2. Keith Day Company dba Gabilan Ag, Salinas, CA, (831) 970-0486
3. Prior-approved Equal
C. Feedstock Materials shall be specified by the compost supplier and include one or more of the following: landscape/yard trimmings, grass clippings, food scraps, and agricultural crop residues.
D. Quality Analysis: Lab report shall verify the following:
1. Nutrient Content: provide analysis detailing nutrient content including N-P-K, Ca, Na, Mg, S, and B.
a. Total Nitrogen content 0.9% or above preferred.
b. Boron: Total shall be < 80 ppm; Soluble shall be < 2.5 ppm
2. Moisture Content shall be between 30% - 55% of dry solids.
3. pH shall be between 6.5 and 8. May vary per requirements of plant species.
4. Bulk density: shall be between 500 and 1100 dry Ibs/cubic yard (18.5 – 40.7 lbs/cu.ft)
5. Salinity (electrical conductivity): Must be reported; < 6.0 mmhos/cm
6. Organic Matter Content: 35% - 75% by dry wt.
7. Carbon and Nitrogen Ratio: C:N >15:1 and < 25:1
8. Maturity/Stability: shall have a dark brown color and a soil-like odor. Compost exhibiting a sour or putrid smell, containing recognizable grass or leaves, or is hot (120F) upon delivery or re-wetting is not acceptable. In addition, any one of the following is required to indicate stability:
a. Oxygen Test < 1.3 02 /unit TS /hr
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Project No. 26-PW-305 BIORETENTION SOIL-276
b. Specific oxy. Test < 1.5 02/ unit BVS /
c. Respiration test < 8 C / unit VS / day
d. Dewar test < 20 Temp. rise (Celsius)
e. Solvita® > 5 Index value
9. Toxicity: anyone of the following measures is sufficient to indicate non-toxicity. a. NH4- :
N03-N < 3
a. Ammonium < 500 ppm, dry basis
b. Seed Germination > 80 % of control
c. Plant Trials > 80% of control
d. Solvita® > 5 Index value
10. Select Pathogens: Salmonella <3 MPN/4grams of TS, or Coliform Bacteria <10000 MPN/gram.
11. Inerts: compost shall be relatively free of inert ingredients, including glass, plastic and paper, < 1 % by weight or volume.
12. Trace Contaminants/Metals (Lead, Mercury, Etc.): must pass US EPA, 40 CFR 503 regulations.
E. Weed seed/pathogen destruction: Compost supplier shall provide proof of process to further reduce pathogens (PFRP). For example, turned windrows must reach min. 55C for 15 days with at least 5 turnings during that period.
F. Compost shall be analyzed in accordance with ASTM D422 or as approved by local agency, and meet the gradation below:
Sieve Size Percent Passing (by weight)
Min Max
1-inch 99% 100%
1/2-inch 90% 100%
1/4-inch 40% 90%
No.200 1% 10%
2.4 MULCH
A. Mulch shall be aged mulch / compost mulch.
B. Mulch shall be pathogen free / weed free as specified for compost above, free of inorganic impurities, and shall have a dark brown color and semi-fine texture.
C. Approved Suppliers: pre-approval shall not release the supplier from complying with this Specification including submittal requirements.
1. “Z-Best Organic Bioretention Mulch”, Greenwaste, 705 Los Esteros Road, San Jose, CA 95134, (408) 586-9292, https://www.greenwaste.com/products/bay-area/organicbioretention-mulch
2. “Midnight Mulch”, Vision Recycling, 41900 Boscell Road, Fremont, CA 94538, (510) 429- 1300, https://www.visionrecycling.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Midnight-Mulch.pdf
3. Other pre-approved equal
2.5 DRAIN ROCK
A. Filter Course:
1. Class 2 Permeable Material per Caltrans Standard Specifications
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B. Drain rock shall be washed to remove fines, prior to delivery to the site. Drain rock observed on site with fines will be rejected.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 GENERAL
A. Prevent compaction of native soils in the Bioretention facility. Delineate the facility area as outside the limit of disturbance and keep construction traffic off. Protect soils with fencing, plywood, etc.
B. Verify that Bioretention materials meet this specification prior to delivery.
C. Install the permeable aggregate drainage layer and perforated pipe under drain as shown on the Drawings, or if by other sub-contractor, then verify that installation of the drainage layer and perforated pipe under drain is correct prior to placing Bioretention Soil Mix.
D. Limits and Grades: Prior to installing prepared Bioretention Soil, request a review by the ARCHITECT to verify grading work completed to date and verify specified limits of Bioretention Soil Mix.
E. If mixing bioretention media onsite, use an adjacent impervious area or on plastic sheeting to prevent contamination by other materials and soil.
3.2 TEMPORARY CONTROLS
A. As first order of work, provide the ARCHITECT with a construction schedule outlining the proposed construction sequence and demonstrating compliance with these specifications.
Proper scheduling is the primary method used to protect the bioretention pond from damage and contamination during construction.
B. Request and obtain the ARCHITECT’s approval prior to commencing pond excavation.
C. Pond excavation shall commence after April 15 and the pond shall be completed (including installation of mulch, cobble, planting and irrigation, as applicable) prior to October 15 of the same year. If pond excavation needs to occur between October 15 and April 15, the work shall commence when there is no rain forecast, and the permeable material, Bioretention Soil Mix and mulch shall be installed a maximum of 15 working days after initiation of pond excavation.
D. Deploy temporary BMPs to prevent loose soil, such as from adjacent grading, stockpiles, or trench spoils, from entering the pond during construction.
E. During active pond construction there should be a clear and level area around the pond, free of spoils and stockpiled soil.
F. Provide temporary silt fence or temporary geotextile cover after the Bioretention Soil Mix has been installed, to avoid contaminating the Bioretention Soil Mix with site soil during construction of adjacent improvements.
G. Perform pond maintenance during construction until contract acceptance. This includes removal of sediment, trash and debris which are deposited in the ponds during construction.
H. Remove all trash, debris and accumulated sediment from within the pond immediately prior to contract acceptance, to the satisfaction of the ARCHITECT. If a significant amount of sediment
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entered the pond during construction, the ARCHITECT may require removal and replacement of the affected area of mulch and may also require removal and replacement of any contaminated Bioretention Soil Mix.
3.3 BIORETENTION SOIL PLACEMENT
A. Do not excavate, place soils, or amend soils during wet or saturated conditions.
B. If required, or as determined by the Engineer, rip or scarify the bottom soils to promote greater infiltration or excavate any sediment that may have built up during construction.
C. Place Bioretention Soil Mix in 12" lifts with machinery operated adjacent to, and not in, the Bioretention facility. If working within the facility, avoid over compaction of the soil, using light weight, low ground-contact pressure equipment.
D. Allow Bioretention Soil lifts to settle naturally and achieve 83%-87% relative compaction. The method to achieve required compaction shall be approved by the ARCHITECT before the Bioretention Soil Mix is installed.
1. Bioretention Soil Mix may alternatively be compacted by lightly watering until soils are just saturated. Allow for extra time to let soils dry between each lift. Note that Bioretention Soil Mix cannot be worked when saturated.
E. After all lifts are placed, wait a few days to check for settlement, and add additional material as needed.
F. Verify Bioretention Soil Mix elevations before applying mulch or installing plants.
G. All Bioretention Soil Mix areas shall have a top layer of mulch with the exception of hydroseeded areas. See Specification Section Landscape Planting for mulch thickness.
3.4 FINISH GRADING
A. See Specification Section Soil Preparation for finish grade requirements if Bioretention Soil Mix is part of, or adjacent to, planting areas.
END OF SECTION
Las Animas Park Pickleball Courts SECTION 32 93 03
Project No. 26-PW-305 PLANTING-279
SECTION 32 93 03
PLANTING
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and General Provisions of Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division-1 Specification Sections, apply to the work of this Section.
1.2 DESCRIPTION OF WORK
A. Extent: Furnish all labor, material, equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary for the provision and installation of plant materials as shown on the Drawings and as specified in this Section.
B. Related work includes but is not limited to:
1. Soil Preparation
2. Irrigation
3. Landscape Maintenance
1.3 CODES, STANDARDS & DEFINITIONS
A. California Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO) latest revision, or applicable local Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (WELO) latest revision, where applicable.
B. Applicable ASTM International Standards (latest revisions) as they apply to this work and related test methods, including:
1. D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Quality: Minimum quality of all plant material shall unless otherwise indicated conform to:
1. ANSI Z60.1-2004 American Standard for Nursery Stock, Sponsored by the American Nursery and Landscape Association (ANLA)
2. Prevailing published specifications of the California Association of Nurserymen.
3. Additional standards as indicated on the Drawings and as specified herein.
B. Fertilizers: Comply with the requirements of the Fertilizing Materials Inspection Program of the California Department of Food and Agriculture.
C. Guarantee: Any plant material, within twelve (12) months following the final acceptance of the project, determined by the Owners Representative to be defective, restricted, declining or otherwise deficient due to abnormal root growth, shall be replaced to the equal condition of the adjacent plants, at the time of replacement.
1.5 SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data: to be approved by the Owners Representative before the material is delivered to the site.
1. Plant List Summary certifying species / size of plant material ordered, the nursery supplier(s).
a. Note any plant material not available and proposed substitutions to be reviewed.
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2. Nursery photographs of plant species. Submit these no more than 12 weeks prior to planting at the Project Site. Photographs should be current at the time and reflect the actual plant stock to be purchased and planted.
a. Photographs should be sharp and capable of being enlarged to examine branching and leafing patterns; clear and without any other vegetation / trees in the background.
b. With each photograph, note the species, container size, and the nursery supplier; in case of multiple nursery locations note the specific location of the nursery supplying the plants.
c. All trees – note the height range from the ground when planted (soil level inside the container) and spread range.
d. Standard form trees - note the minimum branching height from the ground when planted (soil level inside the container)/
e. 36-inch box and larger trees – photographs must include a red/white ranging pole so that branching height can be assessed.
f. Photographs that do not conform to the above guidelines are liable to be rejected by the Owner’s Representative.
g. Deciduous species – bare branch photographs are subject to further approval once leaves have grown.
h. Approval of photographs only constitutes approval of the portion of the plant above ground; root balls and container soil levels are subject to approval after delivery to site as described elsewhere in this Specification.
3. All associated planting products and accessories specified in this Section and shown on the Drawings, including fertilizers / chemicals /sod.
B. Sod soils texture analysis: by an agricultural soil testing laboratory approved by the Owners Representative, referred to herein as the “Testing Lab”.
1. Pre-approved Testing Labs include:
a. Waypoint Analytical, 4741 E Hunter Ave Suite A, Anaheim, CA 92807, (714)282- 8777
b. Wallace Laboratories LLC, 365 Coral Circle, El Segundo, CA 90245, (310) 615-0116 c. Soil Control Lab, 42 Hangar Way, Watsonville CA 95076, (831) 724-5422 d. Approved Equal
2. Analysis shall not be more than three months old at the time of delivery of the sod to the site.
3. Soil texture analysis is to note percent of gravel, sand, silt, and clay, and indicate USDA soil classification. Soil agricultural suitability analysis is to indicate pH, salinity (ECe), and sodium absorption ration (SAR).
4. Sod soils texture analysis not conforming to the requirements noted above will be rejected.
5. Do not deliver any sod to the site without approval by the Owners Representative.
6. The Owner’s Representative reserves the right to take a separate sample of the sod soil on-site and send to the Testing Lab for analysis
7. Remove and replace sod not matching the approved soils texture analysis with approved sod at no additional expense to the Owner.
1.6 REVIEWS
A. Review(s) - plant material approval.
1. Plants - allow a minimum of two (2) plants and maximum of 5% of the quantity of plants of each species for removal from containers and inspection of root balls.
2. Trees – allow a minimum of one (1) and maximum of three (3) of the quantity of trees of each species for removal from containers in case of 15-gallon specimens, and opening of the side of the containers in case of 24” and larger box sizes, for inspection of root balls.
3. Root systems and container soil levels not complying with the requirements as described elsewhere in these Specifications may be rejected by the Owner’s Representative.
Las Animas Park Pickleball Courts SECTION 32 93 03
Project No. 26-PW-305 PLANTING-281
B. Review(s) – plant layout / locations:
1. Locate the plants on top of the soil at locations per the Drawings. Make on-site adjustments as directed by the Owner’s Representative.
2. The Owner’s Representative may choose to combine this review with that of plant material i.e. review the plant material in their proposed planting locations.
C. Substantial Completion Review (to initiate Maintenance Period) – all planting areas including turf and bioswale areas. See Specification Section Landscape Maintenance.
D. Final Review (at the completion of Maintenance Period) - all planting areas including turf and bioswale areas, including all punch-list items identified at Substantial Completion Review. See Specification Section Landscape Maintenance.
E. If not part of a regularly scheduled Owner-Architect-Contractor site meetings, then specifically request the above reviews at least (5) five days in advance prior to progressing with the work.
F. Each review will be conducted only after all items pertaining to that review as noted above and in related Sections have been completed.
G. See Specification Sections Irrigation and Soil Preparation for other items to be inspected, which may be combined with these reviews.
1.7 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING
A. Deliver fertilizers and manufactured amendments to the site in the original, unopened containers, each bearing the manufacturer's guaranteed analysis. Materials in broken containers or which become caked or contaminated making them unsuitable for use will not be accepted and are to be removed from the site.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 GENERAL
A. Nomenclature and Labels: Plant botanical names conform to “Standardized Plant Names,” second edition, and secondly, “A Checklist of Woody Ornamental Plants of California, “Manual 32, University of California. Deliver all plants of each clone, species, and cultivar to the site labeled with their full botanical name. Label every plant species with no less than one label for every ten plants of a species.
B. Quantities: The quantities shown on the plant list and in labels are for the use of the Owners Representative use and are not to be construed as the complete and accurate limits of the Contract. Furnish and install all plants shown schematically on the Drawings.
C. Health: Foliage, roots and stems of all plants shall be of vigorous health and normal habit of growth for its species. All plants shall be free of all diseases, insect stages, burns or disfiguring characteristics.
D. Untrue Species: All plant material, within 12-months following the final acceptance of the Project, determined by the Owner to be untrue to the species, clone, and/or variety specified, shall be replaced to the equal condition of adjacent plants at the time of replacement.
2.2 FERTILIZER
A. 15-15-15 (N-P-K) Commercial Fertilizer, uniform pellet.
Las Animas Park Pickleball Courts SECTION 32 93 03
Project No. 26-PW-305 PLANTING-282
1. The requirements above are for bidding purposes only, exact fertilizer types per Testing Lab analysis.
2.3 CHEMICALS
A. General: Insecticides, fungicides, herbicides registered with the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR), approved by the local agency with jurisdiction over the project, and as recommended by a Pest Control Operator licensed in the State of California.
1. Pre-emergent herbicides: (granular form only) Treflan, Ronstar, or approved equal. Note:
these products are stated by their manufacturers to be harmful to aquatic life and are not permitted to be used on areas draining directly to aquatic / riparian areas.
2. Post-emergent herbicides:
a. 2,4-D based selective herbicide, Speedzone or approved equal. Turflon or approved equal for lawn areas only. Note: these products are stated by their manufacturers to be harmful / toxic to aquatic life and are not permitted to be used on areas draining directly to aquatic / riparian areas.
b. Rodeo or approved equal. This herbicide is permitted to be used in aquatic / riparian areas per the manufacturer’s instructions. It is a non-selective herbicide so only spottreatment with extreme care is permitted. c. Organic oil-based herbicide, Weed Zap by J.H.Biotech Inc, or approved equal, for bioretention areas.
2.4 TURF SEED
A. Minimum 95% purity and 85% germination certified by the California Crop Improvement Association. Inert matter not to exceed 5.0% nor weed content 0.2% with no noxious weeds. Pretreat all seed with “Thiram “ or a similar pre-emergent fungus preventive.
B. Pre-approved Seed Supplier: Pacific Coast Seed, 1880 N. MacArthur Dr. Tracy CA 95376, (925) 373-441, www.pcseed.com
C. Seed mix: 90% turf type dwarf fescue, 10% bluegrass. Cultivars suitable to project locale.
2.5 TURF & BIOSWALE SOD
A. Sod: grown from high quality seed in soil treated with appropriate State and Federal agency approved pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides and regularly inspected by the State in accordance with “State of California Regulations for Nursery Inspection “.
1. For projects existing sandy or sandy loam soils, sod is to be grown in fields with a sandy loam soil containing a minimum of 65% sand. Clay or clay loam soils are not be acceptable.
2. For projects with existing clay or clay loam soils, sod is to be grown in peat soils, unless otherwise requested by the Owner.
3. Well-developed root structure sufficiently mature so that it will hold together when held by one end of the roll.
4. Yellowing, brown, diseased, dried, or pest infested sod will be rejected.
5. Soil thickness: 1/4 inch to 5/8-inch-thick excluding top growth and thatch.
6. Size of rolls or slabs: consistent to the supplier’s standard length and width and is not to vary by more than 2% in either dimension.
7. See submittal requirements for sod soil as specified elsewhere in this Specification.
B. Dwarf fescue and bluegrass blend. Pre-approved suppliers:
1. Dwarf Enduro Sod, by Greenfields Turf, Greenfield, CA (800) 673-3058, www.greenfieldsturf.com
2. Elite Plus Sod, by A-G Sod Farms, Stockton, CA (800) 588-6882, www.agsod.com
Las Animas Park Pickleball Courts SECTION 32 93 03
Project No. 26-PW-305 PLANTING-283
3. Approved equal.
C. Bioswale Sod: As shown on the Drawings
2.06 TREE RINGS
A. Tree ring: 14 gauge steel, 2-piece construction, commercial tree ring by Colmet, Garland TX, (800)829-8225 www.colmet.com.
1. Size: 4’ diameter
2. Color: black
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01 GENERAL
B. Plant Material Approvals: Before planting operations commence, review all plant material with the Owners Representative. Remove defective plants from the site and substitute acceptable material in its place. The review does not accept defective plants which may be installed.
C. Layout: Lay out only those plants to be planted in any single day. Review locations of all plants prior to planting. Plants installed without this review may have be relocated and replanted as directed by the Owners Representative.
D. Protection of Plants: Maintain all plant material in a healthy growing condition prior to and during planting operation. Contractor shall be responsible for vandalism, theft, and damage to plant material until commencement of the maintenance period.
E. Pruning: Do not prune without specific authorization of the Owners Representative. Replace plants pruned without authorization if directed by the Owners Representative.
3.02 CHEMICALS
F. General: Verify compatibility, dosage and other application procedures with the manufacturers.
All chemicals shall be applied by a Pest Control Operator licensed in the State of California.
G. Pre-emergent herbicides: After planting and prior to installation of mulch, treat all planting areas and mulch-only areas if proposed, for weed control with pre-emergent herbicide, as recommended by the manufacturer.
1. For drip irrigation areas and non-irrigated mulch-only areas, manually water granular herbicides into the soil soils using impact sprinklers or hose-end sprinklers.
H. Post-emergent herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides: at the Contractor’s discretion, to provide the weed free condition specified, and as approved by the Owners Representative.
I. Include copies of documentation of pesticide and herbicide applications, countersigned by the Owner’s Representative, as part of Close-out Documentation – see Specification Section Landscape Maintenance.
3.03 FERTILIZER
J. Turf and Bioswale Areas - Apply Commercial Fertilizer at 5 pounds per 1,000 square feet to all turf areas 30 days after planting. Schedule re-application at 45-day intervals until completion of Landscape Maintenance.
Las Animas Park Pickleball Courts SECTION 32 93 03
Project No. 26-PW-305 PLANTING-284
1. The requirements above are for bidding purposes only, exact application rates per Testing Lab analysis.
K. Include copies of documentation of fertilizer applications, countersigned by the Owner as apart of Close-out Documentation – see Specification Section Landscape Maintenance.
3.04 SILT SEED INSTALLATION AT EXISTING TURF AREAS
L. Install seeding with a slit seeder. Apply seed separately at a total mixture of 10 lbs. per 1,000 SF.
M. Slit seed bluegrass in two directions—North/South; East/West at a total rate of 2 lbs./1,000 SF (1 lb. per 1,000 SF each direction). Wait for germination and grass to break the surface prior to seeding rye grass. Upon completion of slit/drill seeding, drag the field to break up clumps.
N. Once bluegrass has germinated, broadcast rye grass in two directions diagonally to the bluegrass, or in northwest/ southwest, northeast/ southeast directions. Broadcast SF the total rate of 8 lbs per 1000 SF, or 4 lbs each direction per 1000 SF.
3.05 SOD INSTALLATION AT EDGES OF PAVEMENT AND TRENCHES A. The installation specifications below prevail over the sod grower’s installation specifications, unless otherwise noted.
B. Grading / Soil Preparation: Finish grade to smooth, even surface, allowing for sod thickness at pavement and other structures to leave the sod flush to the finish grade of adjacent surfaces and with existing adjacent sod areas where present.
C. Lightly roll the soil surface so that it is sufficiently firm to resist impressions over 1/4 inch deep.
Water the top 6-8 inches of soil until this zone has an optimum moisture content for root growth.
D. Fertilization: Follow Existing Soils Report recommendations for amendments and fertilization.
E. Storage: Protect sod from wind and sun exposure during storage, with a maximum storage period of twenty-four hours.
F. Installation: Lay sod in rows with staggered ends neatly and tightly butted on all edges. Remove harvesting netting upon installation. No overlap, gaps, ripples, or other uneven placement will be accepted. Lightly roll sod after installation to insure optimum contact with the soil. Cut and trim sod around structures with sharp tools and carefully fit the panels so the final appearance is a continuous bed of turf with no gaps at the edges.
G. Establishment Watering / Mowing: Follow sod grower’s specifications.
H. Rolling: Allow the field sod to grow for a minimum of two weeks before rolling. Roll both in length and width.
3.06 TREE RING
A. Install metal tree rings per manufacturer’s instructions and approved submittals. Locate as shown and verify tree positions in the field; notify Landscape Architect of conflicts. Excavate and prepare a firm, level subgrade. Set rings flush with adjacent finished grade unless noted otherwise.
Assemble and secure components to form a rigid, continuous ring. install plumb and concentric around tree trunks, maintaining uniform clearance for growth. Backfill and compact to provide stable support without deformation. Coordinate with adjacent paving for proper alignment and finish. Protect from damage and replace defective units prior to Substantial Completion.
Las Animas Park Pickleball Courts SECTION 32 93 03
Project No. 26-PW-305 PLANTING-285
3.07 MAINTENANCE
A. See Specification Section Landscape Maintenance
3.08 CLEAN UP
A. After completion of all planting operations, remove all trash, excess soil and other debris. Sweep and wash clean all walks, walls, and pavement. Leave the entire area in a neat, orderly condition.
END OF SECTION
Las Animas Park Pickleball Courts SECTION 33 40 00
Project No. 26-PW-305 STORM DRAINAGE UTILITIES-286
SECTION 33 40 00
STORM DRAINAGE UTILITIES
PART 1 – GENERAL
1.01 SUMMARY
A. Section includes:
1. Storm drain pipe and fittings
2. Manholes, cleanouts, inlets, and other appurtenances
1.02 RELATED REQUIREMENTS
A. Section 017123 – Field Engineering
B. Section 310000 – Earthwork
C. Latest Edition California Building Standards Code (CBSC)
1.03 REFERENCES
A. ASTM D2241 – Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)
1.04 SUBMITTALS
A. Submit testing results for proposed bedding, backfill and drain rock to the GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER at least 2 weeks prior to proposed use.
B. Submit samples of proposed bedding, backfill and drain rock to the GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER at least 2 weeks prior to proposed use.
C. Submit manufacturer cut sheets for piping and appurtenances.
D. Submit concrete mix design and shop drawings for any cast-in-place concrete structures proposed.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.01 BEDDING AND BACKFILL
A. Pipe bedding and backfill: As shown on the Plans.
2.02 PLASTIC PIPE
A. SDR 26 PVC.
2.03 PERFORATED PIPE
A. Perforated Pipe: As shown on Plans.
B. Perforation pattern: As shown on the Plans.
2.04 CONCRETE DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
Las Animas Park Pickleball Courts SECTION 33 40 00
Project No. 26-PW-305 STORM DRAINAGE UTILITIES-287
A. Manholes: As shown on Plans.
B. Catch Basins: As shown on Plans.
C. Cast in place concrete and precast concrete drain inlets shall conform to Section 51, "Concrete Structures", Section 52 "Reinforcement", Section 70 "Miscellaneous Facilities", Section 75 "Miscellaneous Metal" of the Standard Specifications, and these Specifications.
D. Precast members shall conform to section 70-1.02h, "Precast Concrete Structures", of the standard specifications.
E. Concrete drainage inlets shall be precast or cast-in-place units conforming to the details shown on the plans.
F. Concrete manholes shall be precast units conforming to ASTM C 478 and the details shown on the plans.
G. Precast unit joints shall be sealed with preformed butyl rubber joint sealant conforming to ASTM C990.
H. Plastic pipe connections to concrete structures shall be fitted with a flexible, watertight elastomeric gasket conforming to ASTM C-923 (for PVC pipe), or ASTM F-2510 (for HDPE Type 'S' pipe).
I. The flow line of drain inlets, whether precast or cast in place, shall be formed in the field to provide a smooth flow line with bench at the pipe spring line. The invert paving thickness in precast structures shall be at least 3" below the bottom of the lowest pipe.
J. Structures, grates, and covers shall be H-20 load rated if located in vehicular areas, and pedestrian load rated otherwise.
K. Cast in place concrete structures shall conform to Section 51-7, “Minor Structures” of the Standard Specifications and to the dimensions on the Drawings. Contractor shop drawings shall be required for approval for any cast-in-place concrete.
L. ADA-compliant grates shall have less than 1/2" clear between bars, and the openings shall be aligned perpendicular to the path of travel. All grates within pedestrian areas shall be ADAcompliant.
2.05 CLEANOUTS AND OVERFLOW STRUCTURES
A. Cleanouts and Overflow Structures: As shown on Plans.
B. Materials for cleanouts shall be in accordance with the California Plumbing Code and the details on the Construction Drawings. Cleanout risers shall be of the same material as the storm drain line.
2.06 DRAIN ROCK
A. As shown on Plans.
2.07 ACCESSORIES
A. Provide warning tape as specified in Section 312333 – Trenching
Las Animas Park Pickleball Courts SECTION 33 40 00
Project No. 26-PW-305 STORM DRAINAGE UTILITIES-288
PART 3 – EXECUTION
3.01 GENERAL
A. All work shall be in accordance with:
1. The California Plumbing Code
2. Product manufacturer’s recommendations
3. ASTM D 2421
3.02 PIPE INSTALLATION
A. Lay each length of pipe on a firm bed with a true bearing for its entire length between bell holes.
Excavate holes of only sufficient size to accommodate the bell at each joint location. Adjust line and grade by scraping away, filling in and tamping the earth to provide true grade to fit the barrel of the pipe. No wedging or blocking up of the pipe will be permitted. The trench and bell holes shall be kept free from water during the laying of the pipe.
B. All dirt and foreign matter shall be removed from the pipe interior prior to installation and all joints shall be thoroughly cleaned before joining.
C. Plug open ends of pipe when construction is not underway.
D. Lay pipe upgrade with bell end forward, unless specifically shown otherwise.
E. After making each joint, rigidly secure the pipe in place by backfilling to the top of the pipe at the center. Keep fill clear of bell hole so it does not interfere with the next jointing operation.
F. Install pipe in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Place pipe within the installation areas at least 24 hours prior to installation to permit temperature equalization.
G. Pipe ends shall be cut squarely, reamed and deburred inside and out. Clean pipe ends and bells of dirt, grease and other foreign materials prior to making the joint.
3.03 CLEANING
A. After installation and prior to any testing, the inside of the pipe shall be thoroughly cleaned of all dirt, loose scale, sand and other foreign material. Cleaning shall be by flushing with water or balling as appropriate for the size and type of pipe.
3.04 PERMANENT PLUGS
A. Clean interior contact surfaces of all pipes to be cut off or abandoned. Construct a concrete plug in the end of all pipe 18 inches or less in diameter.
B. Minimum length of concrete plugs shall be 8 inches. For pipe 21 inches and larger, the plugs may be constructed of common brick or concrete block.
C. The exposed face of block or brick shall be plastered with mortar. All plugs shall be watertight and capable of withstanding all internal and external pressures without leakage.
3.05 DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
A. General: Set rim or cover elevations to specified grades utilizing a minimum of two grade rings (or extensions) at top of drainage structure to facilitate potential elevation adjustments in the future.
Las Animas Park Pickleball Courts SECTION 33 40 00
Project No. 26-PW-305 STORM DRAINAGE UTILITIES-289
B. Catch Basins: Install as shown in the Drawings and as follows:
1. Excavate as required.
2. Set on firm, unyielding base. Set on compacted select backfill material if directed by Owner’s Representative.
3. Prefabricated units not having a bottom shall be set on a poured-in-place concrete slab with smooth trowel finish. Mortar and properly seal unit to slab, making a watertight connection.
4. Install pipe inlets and outlets to specified elevations. Grout and/or seal all joints to a watertight condition with material per manufacturer’s recommendation.
3.06 CLEANOUTS
A. Select backfill shall not be contaminated with site soil and shall be protected during construction.
No amendments or rototilling shall occur in or above these lines.
B. Install as shown in the Drawings.
3.07 TRENCHING
A. Perform trenching in accordance with the Plans.
3.08 PIPE COVER
A. Pipes which are located within vehicular traffic areas and with less than 24” of cover measured from the top of pipe to the finished pavement grade shall be backfilled with minimum 2,500 psi concrete to at least 6” above the top of pipe. Pipe shall be adequately restrained to prevent floatation or movement during backfilling.
3.09 TESTING
A. Following placement and compaction of backfill, and prior to the placement of permanent concrete or pavement, storm drains shall be cleaned and videoed to verify that the pipeline is free from obstructions (deflections, joint offsets, lateral pipe intrusions, etc.).
END OF SECTION
Las Animas Park Pickleball Courts Appendix AAppendix A
Project No. 26-PW-305 Geotechnical Data-1
Appendix A
Geotechnical Data
6671 Brisa Street ■ Livermore, California 94550 ■ Tel (925) 371-5900 Project No. E9528-04-01
January 22, 2026
City of Gilroy
7351 Rosanna Street
Gilroy, California 95020
Attention: Mr. Shaun Wright
Subject: LAS ANIMAS VETERANS PARK PICKLEBALL COURT
400 MANTELLI DRIVE
GILROY, CALIFORNIA
LIMITED GEOTECHNCIAL INVESTIGATION
Reference: Plans: Las Animas Veterans Pickleball Improvements, prepared by City of Gilroy, dated December 31, 2025
Dear Mr. Wright:
In accordance with your request and authorization, we have prepared this correspondence to present the results of our recent subsurface exploration and borehole percolation testing for a proposed pickleball court at Las Animas Veterans Park in Gilroy. Additionally, a borehole percolation test was performed at San Ysidro Park. Per the City’s requested scope of services, the borehole percolation testing was performed to provide information for the design of project stormwater treatment systems by others. Provided herein are a summary of our field exploration and testing, and geotechnical recommendations for new sports court pavement at Los Animas Veterans Park.
Subsurface exploration and borehole percolation testing were performed at the locations shown on the attached Site Plans (Figure 1 and Figure 2). The borings for percolation testing were excavated with a 3-inch-diameter hand auger to depths ranging from 4.5 to 6 feet. The boreholes were fitted with a 2- inch-diameter slotted PVC pipe and the annular space was packed with gravel. Boreholes were presaturated immediately after excavation and percolation test trials were completed with potable water the same day of or the following day. Percolation rates from our testing are presented in the attached Figures 3 and 4. We recommend a factor of safety of at least 2 be applied to account for variability in subgrade soils.
Our subsurface exploration at Las Animas Veterans Park included a hand auger boring to a depth of approximately four feet and a Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) test to a depth of approximately 6 ½ feet. Logs for the DCP and hand auger boring are attached. Selected soil samples from our hand auger boring were subjected to laboratory testing for gradation (fines content) and Atterberg Limits. Lab results are included on the boring log.
Our hand auger boring encountered lean clay with variable amounts of gravel to a depth of approximately 3 ½ feet with clayey sands noted below. The clays encountered should be considered expansive as defined by 2025 California Building Code. The recommendations of this report assume subgrade soils at the proposed sports court will comprise engineered fills derived from the onsite soils.
Las Animas Veterans Park Pickleball Court
Limited Geotechnical Investigation
Project No. E9528-04-01 - 2 - January 22, 2026
SPORTS COURT GRADING
All clearing operations and earthwork (including over-excavation, scarification, and recompaction) should be observed and all fills tested for recommended compaction and moisture content by representatives of Geocon.
Pad preparation should commence with the removal of all existing improvements from the area to be developed/graded. All active or inactive utilities within the construction area should be protected, relocated, or abandoned. Any pipelines to be abandoned should be removed. Excavations or depressions resulting from demolition and site clearing operations, or other existing excavations or depressions, should be restored with engineered fill in accordance with the recommendations of this report. Geocon representatives should observe site conditions after demolition and site clearing; supplemental recommendations may be provided in the field.
After the removal of existing improvements, soils in the sports court pad should be over-excavated to a depth of at least one foot below proposed subgrade. The resultant bottom should then be scarified to a depth of approximately 8 to 12 inches, moisture conditioned to at least 2% above optimum moisture and recompacted to at least 90% relative compaction. Although not expected, deeper overexcavations will be necessary if artificial fill materials or soft soils are present at over-excavation bottom.
In general, over-excavated materials may be used for new engineered fill provided they do not contain deleterious matter, organic material, or cementations larger than 3 inches in maximum dimension.
Over-excavations and the exposed bottom surfaces and bottom processing should be observed by our representatives. Supplemental recommendations may be provided based on site conditions during grading.
If grading commences in winter or spring, or in periods of precipitation, excavated and in-place soils may be wet. Earthwork contractors should be aware of potential compaction/workability difficulties.
The most effective site preparation alternatives will depend on site conditions prior to and during grading operations; we should evaluate site conditions at those times and provide supplemental recommendations, if necessary. It has been our experience that existing landscaping and pavement subgrade can be wet and require drying in order to achieve suitable compaction.
All structural fill and backfill should be placed in layers no thicker than 8 inches in loose thickness. Fill soils should be placed and compacted to at least 90% relative compaction to at least 2% above optimum moisture content (near optimum where predominantly sands or gravels). Fill areas with in-place density tests showing moisture contents less than those recommended will require additional moisture conditioning prior to placing additional fill. Subgrade moisture content should be maintained until the overlying pavement section is constructed.
SPORTS COURT PAVEMENT
We understand the preferred pavement alternatives for the pickleball court are asphalt over aggregate base and conventionally-reinforced concrete over aggregate base. We recommend the following sections.
Las Animas Veterans Park Pickleball Court
Limited Geotechnical Investigation
Project No. E9528-04-01 - 3 - January 22, 2026
TABLE 1
SPORTS COURT PAVEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
Location
Alternative #1 Alternative #2
AC Thickness
(inches)
AB Thickness
(inches)
PCC Thickness
(inches)
AB Thickness
(inches)
Pickleball Court 3 8 4 8
Notes: The recommended flexible pavement sections are based on the following assumptions:
1. AB: Class 2 AB meeting the requirements of Section 26 of the latest Caltrans Standard Specifications.
2. AC: Asphalt concrete conforming to local agency standards or Section 39 of the latest Caltrans Standard Specifications.
3. PCC: Portland cement concrete reinforced with No. 3 rebar at 18 inches on-center, each way, positioned at the midpoint of the slab, and a minimum 28-day compressive strength of 3,000 pounds per square inch.
In lieu of specific recommendations from the civil engineer, we recommend that crack control joints be spaced at intervals not greater than 8 feet for 4-inch-thick PCC slabs. Crack control joints should extend a minimum depth of one-fourth the slab thickness and should be constructed using saw-cuts or other methods as soon as practical after concrete placement.
The performance of pavements is highly dependent upon providing positive surface drainage away from the edge of pavements. Ponding of water on or adjacent to the pavement can result in saturation of the subgrade materials and subsequent cracking, subsidence and pavement distress. Since the new court will be adjacent to landscape areas, it is recommended that a perimeter curb or similar moisture cut-off be extended at least 6 inches below the bottom of the aggregate base to minimize the introduction of water beneath the court pavement.
Las Animas Veterans Park Pickleball Court
Limited Geotechnical Investigation
Project No. E9528-04-01 - 4 - January 22, 2026
Our professional services were performed in accordance with generally accepted engineering principles and practices used in this area at this time. We make no warranty, express or implied. Please contact the undersigned with any questions or if we may be of further service.
Sincerely,
GEOCON CONSULTANTS, INC.
Shane Rodacker, GE Adam Knox, PE
Senior Engineer Project Engineer
(1/e-mail) Addressee
Attachments: Site Plans
Boring Log
Borehole Percolation Test Results
DCP Log
FIGURE 1
SITE PLAN
Project: Las Animas Veterans Park Pickleball Court
Location: Gilroy, California
Project No. E9528-04-01
FIGURE 2
SITE PLAN
Project: Las Animas Veterans Park Pickleball Court
Location: Gilroy, California
Project No. E9528-04-01
SOIL BORING NUMBER: B1
PROJECT NAME Las Animas Veterans Park Pickleball Court
DATE STARTED 01/19/2026 COMPLETED 01/19/2026
CONTRACTOR Geocon Consultants, Inc
METHOD Hand Auger
LOGGED BY Chris Travers
PROJECT NUMBER E9528-04-01
LATITUDE / LONGITUDE 37.0218, -121.5818
EQUIPMENT Hand Auger
LOCATION 400 Mantelli Drive, Gilroy, CA 95020
DEPTH 4.00' SURFACE ELEVATION N/A
Depth (ft)
1 2
3 4
Water Levels
Graphic Log
Material Description
ALLUVIUM; Topsoil
Damp, dark brown, LEAN CLAY, with trace
gravel
With some gravel, angular
Dry, brown, Clayey SAND, with some gravel,
angular
Boring terminated
Sample Information
Sample Graphic
Sample Type
Bulk
Field Sample ID
B1-1-3
Laboratory Results
Moisture Content (%)
11.9 % Fines
62.5 Atterberg Limits
LL: 38
PI: 17
REMARKS
Backfill Method: tamped auger cuttings
Water Levels
-
-
The log of subsurface conditions shown applies only to the specific location at the date indicated and might not represent subsurface conditions at other locations or times.
The stratigraphy presented represents the approximate boundary between soil types; these transitions could be gradual.
Test Duration: 17 minutes
Hole Depth: 4.5 feet
Hole Diameter: 4 inch
Soil Type: CL/SC USCS
Time Interval (Seconds) Time Elapsed Recorded Level
(inches)
Fall
(inches) Percolation Rate (inch/hour)
TRIAL 1
10:30 -- 0:00 18.00 -- --
10:30 0:00 0:00 19.80 1.80 648.0
10:30 0:00 0:00 20.64 0.84 302.4
10:30 0:00 0:00 21.00 0.36 129.6
10:30 0:00 0:00 21.36 0.36 129.6
10:30 0:00 0:00 21.72 0.36 129.6
10:31 0:00 0:01 21.84 0.12 43.2
10:31 0:00 0:01 22.56 0.72 259.2
10:32 0:00 0:02 23.16 0.60 72.0
10:33 0:01 0:03 23.64 0.48 57.6
10:34 0:01 0:04 24.24 0.60 36.0
10:35 0:01 0:05 24 3/5 0.36 21.6
10:36 0:01 0:06 24.96 0.36 21.6
10:37 0:01 0:07 25.32 0.36 21.6
10:38 0:01 0:08 25.92 0.60 36.0
10:39 0:01 0:09 26.64 0.72 43.2
10:40 0:01 0:10 27.48 0.84 50.4
10:41 0:01 0:11 28 0.60 36.0
10:42 0:01 0:12 28.68 0.60 36.0
10:43 0:01 0:13 29.04 0.36 21.6
10:44 0:01 0:14 29.40 0.36 21.6
10:45 0:01 0:15 29.76 0.36 21.6
TRIAL 2
11:15 -- 0:00 18.00 -- --
11:15 0:00 0:00 19.20 1.20 432.0
11:15 0:00 0:00 19.80 0.60 216.0
11:15 0:00 0:00 20.16 0.36 129.6
11:15 0:00 0:00 20.28 0.12 43.2
11:15 0:00 0:00 20.40 0.12 43.2
11:16 0:00 0:01 20.64 0.24 86.4
11:16 0:00 0:01 21.00 0.36 43.2
11:17 0:00 0:02 21.48 0.48 57.6
11:18 0:01 0:03 22.80 1.32 79.2
11:19 0:01 0:04 23.52 0.72 43.2
11:20 0:01 0:05 24.24 0.72 43.2
11:21 0:01 0:06 24.60 0.36 21.6
11:22 0:01 0:07 24.84 0.24 14.4
11:23 0:01 0:08 25.20 0.36 21.6
11:24 0:01 0:09 25.44 0.24 14.4
11:25 0:01 0:10 25.68 0.24 14.4
11:26 0:01 0:11 26.04 0.36 21.6
11:27 0:01 0:12 26.16 0.12 7.2
11:28 0:01 0:13 26.40 0.24 14.4
11:29 0:01 0:14 26.52 0.12 7.2
11:30 0:01 0:15 26.64 0.12 7.2
11:31 0:01 0:16 26.88 0.24 14.4
11:32 0:01 0:17 27.00 0.12 7.2
11:33 0:01 0:18 27.12 0.12 7.2
11:34 0:01 0:19 27.12 0.00 0.0
11:35 0:01 0:20 27.24 0.12 7.2
11:36 0:01 0:21 27.33 0.09 5.4
11:37 0:01 0:22 27.36 0.03 1.8
*Assumed gravel adjustment factor of 1.4
Project: Las Animas Veteran Park Pickleball Court
Location: Gilroy, CA
Number: E9528-04-01
Excavation Details
Percolation Hole #: PT-1
Date Excavated: 1/19/2026
Date Presaturated: 1/19/2026
Date Tested: 1/20/2026
Percolation Measurements
Begin Test
Comments
Begin Test
End Test
Geocon Consultants, Inc.
6671 Brisa Street
Livermore, California 94550
(925) 371-5900
Borehole Percolation Test
Est. Percolation Rate (in/hr) Est. Percolation Rate (min/in) Corrected* Est. Percolation Rate (min/in)
1.8 33.3 46.6
End Test
0.0 100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
0:00 0:02 0:05 0:08 0:11 0:14 0:17
Perc Rate (inch/hour)
Time of Reading (Elapsed)
TRIAL 1
TRIAL 2
Test Duration: 14 minutes
Hole Depth: 6 feet
Hole Diameter: 4 inch
Soil Type: CL/SC USCS
Time Interval (Seconds) Time Elapsed Recorded Level
(inches)
Fall
(inches) Percolation Rate (inch/hour)
TRIAL 1
12:05 -- 0:00 5.00 -- --
12:05 0:00 0:00 7.92 2.92 1051.2
12:05 0:00 0:00 8.88 0.96 345.6
12:05 0:00 0:00 9.60 0.72 259.2
12:05 0:00 0:00 9.96 0.36 129.6
12:05 0:00 0:00 10.44 0.48 172.8
12:06 0:00 0:01 10.92 0.48 172.8
12:06 0:00 0:01 11.52 0.60 216.0
12:07 0:00 0:02 12.60 1.08 129.6
12:08 0:01 0:03 13.80 1.20 144.0
12:09 0:01 0:04 14.88 1.08 64.8
12:10 0:01 0:05 15 5/7 0.84 50.4
12:11 0:01 0:06 16.32 0.60 36.0
12:12 0:01 0:07 16.92 0.60 36.0
12:13 0:01 0:08 17.64 0.72 43.2
12:14 0:01 0:09 18.36 0.72 43.2
12:15 0:01 0:10 18.96 0.60 36.0
12:16 0:01 0:11 19 5/9 0.60 36.0
12:17 0:01 0:12 20.16 0.60 36.0
12:18 0:01 0:13 20.64 0.48 28.8
12:19 0:01 0:14 21.24 0.60 36.0
TRIAL 2
12:20 -- 0:00 5.00 -- --
12:20 0:00 0:00 7.32 2.32 835.2
12:20 0:00 0:00 7.92 0.60 216.0
12:20 0:00 0:00 8.16 0.24 86.4
12:20 0:00 0:00 8.40 0.24 86.4
12:20 0:00 0:00 8.64 0.24 86.4
12:21 0:00 0:01 8.88 0.24 86.4
12:21 0:00 0:01 9.84 0.96 115.2
12:22 0:00 0:02 10.92 1.08 129.6
12:23 0:01 0:03 11.76 0.84 50.4
12:24 0:01 0:04 13.20 1.44 86.4
12:25 0:01 0:05 14.16 0.96 57.6
12:26 0:01 0:06 15.00 0.84 50.4
12:27 0:01 0:07 15.72 0.72 43.2
12:28 0:01 0:08 16.32 0.60 36.0
12:29 0:01 0:09 17.04 0.72 43.2
12:30 0:01 0:10 17.76 0.72 43.2
12:31 0:01 0:11 18.48 0.72 43.2
12:32 0:01 0:12 19.08 0.60 36.0
12:33 0:01 0:13 19.80 0.72 43.2
12:34 0:01 0:14 20.40 0.60 36.0
*Assumed gravel adjustment factor of 1.4
Project: Las Animas Veteran Park Pickleball Court
Location: Gilroy, CA
Number: E9528-04-01
Begin Test
Excavation Details
Percolation Hole #: PT-2
Date Excavated: 1/19/2026
Date Presaturated: 1/19/2026
Date Tested: 1/20/2026
Percolation Measurements
Comments
Begin Test
End Test
End Test
Est. Percolation Rate (in/hr) Est. Percolation Rate (min/in) Corrected* Est. Percolation Rate (min/in) 36 1.6 2.2
Geocon Consultants, Inc.
6671 Brisa Street
Livermore, California 94550
(925) 371-5900
Borehole Percolation Test
0.0 200.0
400.0
600.0
800.0
1000.0
1200.0
0:00 0:02 0:05 0:08 0:11 0:14 0:17
Perc Rate (inch/hour)
Time of Reading (Elapsed)
TRIAL 1
TRIAL 2
WILDCAT DYNAMIC CONE LOG Page 1 of 1
Geocon Consultants, Inc.
PROJECT NUMBER: E9528-04-01
DATE STARTED: 01-19-2026
DATE COMPLETED: 01-19-2026
HOLE #: DCP1
CREW: CT SURFACE ELEVATION: Existing grade
PROJECT: Las Animas Veterans Park Pickleball Court WATER ON COMPLETION: none ADDRESS: 400 Mantelli Dr Gilroy, CA 95020 HAMMER WEIGHT: 35 lbs.
LOCATION: Gilroy, CA CONE AREA: 10 sq. cm
BLOWS RESISTANCE GRAPH OF CONE RESISTANCE TESTED CONSISTENCY DEPTH PER 10 cm Kg/cm² 0 50 100 150 N' SAND & SILT CLAY - 2 8.9 •• 2 VERY LOOSE SOFT
- 4 17.8 ••••• 5 LOOSE MEDIUM STIFF
- 1 ft 3 13.3 ••• 3 VERY LOOSE SOFT
- 5 22.2 •••••• 6 LOOSE MEDIUM STIFF
- 14 62.2 •••••••••••••••••• 17 MEDIUM DENSE VERY STIFF - 2 ft 15 66.6 ••••••••••••••••••• 19 MEDIUM DENSE VERY STIFF - 5 22.2 •••••• 6 LOOSE MEDIUM STIFF
- 4 17.8 ••••• 5 LOOSE MEDIUM STIFF
- 3 ft 6 26.6 ••••••• 7 LOOSE MEDIUM STIFF
- 1 m 28 124.3 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• - DENSE HARD - 18 69.5 •••••••••••••••••••• 19 MEDIUM DENSE VERY STIFF - 4 ft 14 54.0 ••••••••••••••• 15 MEDIUM DENSE STIFF
- 15 57.9 •••••••••••••••• 16 MEDIUM DENSE VERY STIFF
- 18 69.5 •••••••••••••••••••• 19 MEDIUM DENSE VERY STIFF - 5 ft 23 88.8 ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 25 MEDIUM DENSE VERY STIFF - 13 50.2 •••••••••••••• 14 MEDIUM DENSE STIFF
- 14 54.0 ••••••••••••••• 15 MEDIUM DENSE STIFF
- 6 ft 67 258.6 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• - VERY DENSE HARD - 58 223.9 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• - VERY DENSE HARD - 2 m
- 7 ft
-
-
- 8 ft
-
-
- 9 ft
-
-
- 3 m 10 ft
-
-
-
- 11 ft
-
-
- 12 ft
-
-
- 4 m 13 ft
Las Animas Park Pickleball Courts Appendix B
Project No. 26-PW-305 Bioretention Attachments-1
Appendix B
Bioretention Attachments
5/27/2016
Attachment A
Supplier Analysis of Biotreatment Soil Mix
The table below shall be completed by the Biotreatment Soil Mix Supplier.
Date:
(All lab tests must be done within the last 120 days)
Name of Person Filling Out This Form:
Title: Signature:
Phone: Email:
Company Name: City:
Street Address: Zip:
I certify that the provided Biotreatment Soil Mix meets the requirements of the BASMAA Regional Biotreatment Soil
Specification (2016).
Yes (Pass)
No (Fail)
Describe the equipment
and methods used to mix
the compost and sand
components of the
Biotreatment Soil Mix.
Material Standard Percent (by volume) Actual Mix % Pass Fail Sand 60% - 70%
Compost 30% - 40%
Does the soil mix have a permeability of at least 5 inches per hour?1 Yes (Pass) No (Fail)
Will the soil mix support vigorous plant growth?
Yes (Pass)
No (Fail)
1Soil mix permeability testing is only required for alternative biotreatment soil mixes. Soil permeability tests must be conducted on a minimum of two samples using constant head permeability in accordance with ASTM D2434 with a 6-inch mold and vacuum saturation.
Attachment A
5/27/2016
Attachment B
Lab Analysis of Sand Component of Biotreatment Soil Mix The table below shall be completed by the laboratory conducting the sand analysis.
Name of Person Filling Out This Form: Signature:
Title: Date:
Phone: Email:
Company: City:
Street Address: Zip:
Qualifications & relevant certifications (ASTM,
CTM or approved equivalent certifications):
Is sand free of wood, waste, coating (such as clay, stone dust, carbonate, etc.), or any other deleterious material? Yes (Pass)
No (Fail)
Is all aggregate passing the No. 200 sieve non-plastic? Yes (Pass)
No (Fail)
Particle size analysis shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM D 422 (Standard Test Method for Particle Size Analysis of Soils) or CTM 202. Other equivalent methods acceptable only if approved.
Sieve Size Standard Percent Passing (% by weight) Testing Results (%) Pass Fail 3/8 inch 100%
No. 4 90% - 100%
No. 8 70% - 100%
No. 16 40% - 95%
No. 30 15% - 70%
No. 40 or
50 5% - 55%
No. 100 0% - 15%
No. 200 0% - 5%
Attachment B
5/27/2016
Attachment C
Lab Analysis of Compost Component of Biotreatment Soil Mix The table below shall be completed by the laboratory conducting the compost analysis.
Name of Person Filling Out This Form: Signature:
Title: Date:
Phone: Email:
Company: City:
Street Address: Zip:
Qualifications & relevant certifications:
(STA, ASTM or approved equivalent certification)
Specification Standard Testing Results Pass Fail
Organic Matter Content
35% - 75%
(by dry weight) %
Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio 15:1 to 25:1 (C:N) C:N
Salinity < 6.0 mm hos/cm mm hos/cm
pH 6.2 - 8.2 pH
Bulk Density 500 – 1100 dry lbs / yd3 dry lbs / yd3
Moisture Content 30%-55% (of dry solids) %
Percent inert ingredients
(incl. plastic, glass, paper)
< 1%
(by weight or volume) %
Provide the results of at least one of the following analyses to indicate compost stability:
Specification Standard Testing Results Pass Fail
Oxygen Test < 1.3 02 /unit TS/hr 02 /unit TS/hr
Specific Oxygen Test < 1.5 02/unit BVS/hr 02/unit BVS/hr Respiration Test < 8mg CO2-C/g OM/day mgCO2-C/g
OM/day
Dewar test < 20 ˚C Temp. rise e. ˚C Temp. rise e.
Solvita® Index value > 5 Index value Index value
Attachment C
5/27/2016
Provide the results of at least one of the following analyses to indicate compost toxicity:
Specification Standard Testing Results Pass Fail
Ratio NH4
+
N: NO3
-
-N < 3 NH4
+
-N : NO3
-
-N
Ammonium < 500 ppm, dry basis ppm, dry basis
Seed Germination > 80% of control % of control
Plant Trials > 80% of control % of control
Solvita® Index value = 5 Index value Index value
Provide the analysis of the nutrient content of the compost, including the following:
Specification Standard Testing Results Pass Fail
Boron (total, in ppm) < 80 ppm ppm
Nitrogen (N)(total %) > 0.9% preferred. %
Phosphorus (as P2O5) [not specified] %
Potassium (as K2O) [not specified] %
Calcium (Ca) [not specified] %
Sodium (Na) [not specified] %
Magnesium (Mg) [not specified] %
Sulfur (S) [not specified] ppm
Provide the results of at least one of the following select pathogens:
Specification Standard Testing Results Pass Fail
Salmonella < 3 MPN/4 grams TS MPN/4 grams TS
Coliform Bacteria < 10,000 MPN/gram MPN/gram
Does the product meet US EPA, 40CFR 503 regulations regarding trace contaminants metals (Lead, Mercury, etc.)?
Yes (Pass)
No (Fail)
Particle size analysis shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM D 422 (Standard Test Method for Particle Size Analysis of Soils)-washing not required. Equivalent methods acceptable if approved.
Sieve Size Standard Percent Passing (by weight) Testing Results (%) Pass Fail 1 inch 99% - 100%
½ inch 90% - 100%
¼ inch 40% - 90%
No. 200 1% - 10%
Attachment C
5/27/2016
Attachment D
Supplier Analysis of Compost Component
of Biotreatment Soil Mix
The table below shall be completed by the Compost Supplier providing the compost for the mix.
Name of Company: Date of Delivery:
Qualifications & relevant certifications:
(STA, ASTM or approved equivalent certifications)
Date of the Compost Lab Analysis Report:
(Must be dated within 120 days prior to delivery)
Name of Person Filling Out This Form: Date:
Signature: Street Address:
Email address: City:
Phone: Zip:
Feedstock materials have been specified and include only the following:
Landscape/yard trimmings, grass clippings, food scraps, or agricultural crop residues? Yes
(Pass)
No
(Fail)
Compost has a dark brown color and a soil-like odor, does not exhibit a sour or putrid smell, does not contain recognizable grass or leaves, and is not hot (120˚F) upon delivery or rewetting?
Yes
(Pass)
No
(Fail)
The compost has gone through the process to further reduce pathogens (PFRP)? For example, turned windrows must reach a minimum temperature of 55˚C for 15 days with at least 5 turnings during that period.
Yes
(Pass)
No
(Fail)
Attachment D
8.1. City of Gilroy
STAFF REPORT
Agenda Item Title: Public Hearing and Adoption Pursuant to California Water Code Section 10642 for the 2025 Urban Water Management
Plan and the 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan
Meeting Date: June 15, 2026
From: Matt Morley, City Administrator
Department: Public Utilities
Submitted by: Izabela Cirloganu, Sr. Management Analyst Prepared by: Izabela Cirloganu, Sr. Management Analyst
STRATEGIC PLAN GOALS: Maintain and Improve City Infrastructure
RECOMMENDATION
1. Receive the informational report on the Draft 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP).
2. Open Public hearing;
3. Close Public Hearing; and
4. Adopt a resolution approving the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) is a comprehensive planning document mandated by the California Urban Water Management Planning Act (UWMPA). Urban water suppliers serving more than 3,000 customers or delivering more than 3,000 acrefeet of water annually are required to update and adopt a UWMP and submit it to the California Department of Water Resources every five years. The City of Gilroy’s Draft 2025 Urban Water Management Plan has been prepared in accordance with California Water Code requirements and must be submitted to the California Department of Water Resources by July 1, 2026.
Findings of the Draft 2025 UWMP confirm that the City of Gilroy is projected to meet
8.1. water demands within its service area under normal hydrologic conditions and has strategies in place to address multiple-year droughts and water shortages.
Key technical elements of the 2025 UWMP evaluate the City’s current and projected long-term water use, available potable and non-potable supplies through 2050, and assess the City’s ability to reliably meet customer demands under normal, single dryyear, and multiple dry-year conditions. The UWMP also includes a Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) that is consistent with “Making Conservation a California Way of Life” state regulations, which became effective January 1st, 2025.
BACKGROUND
The UWMP serves as the legal and technical foundation for urban water management planning throughout California. The Urban Water Management Planning Act was originally adopted in 1983 following the severe 1976-1977 drought, which highlighted the need for statewide long-term water resource planning. Since then, the Act has been amended numerous times to expand planning requirements, drought preparedness standards, conservation reporting, and water supply reliability assessments.
The City of Gilroy has prepared and adopted UWMPs every 5 years, with the most recent being the 2020 UWMP, adopted on October 18, 2021. DWR completed its review of the City’s 2020 UWMP and issued a letter of completeness on Nov 1, 2022.
The UWMP serves as the City’s primary long-range water planning document and provides:
• A roadmap for addressing current and long-term water use • Evaluation of potable and recycled water supplies
• Assessment of water supply reliability during varying hydrological conditions • Planning for drought response and water shortage contingencies; and • Coordination between land use planning and water supply infrastructure The Urban Water Management Planning Act also requires that the City’s UWMP include a Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) and provisions for demand management measures and recycled water use. Recycled water use was added to reporting requirements because it provides a reliable alternative water source and can help meet future water demand.
The Draft 2025 UWMP was prepared by Akel Engineering Inc., in coordination with City staff. The plan was made available for public review on the City website prior to the public hearing and adoption process. The California Water Code requires the City to hold a public hearing before adopting the Plan.
8.1. ANALYSIS
The City of Gilroy currently provides potable water services to approximately 15,935 service connections and, in 2025, supplied approximately 7913 acre-feet of water to the community. Water supplies rely on groundwater from two subbasins, Llagas and Coyote Valley, supplemented by recycled water supplies. The UWMP identifies that the City has sufficient water supplies to meet projected demands during the planning horizon, while continuing to implement conservation measures, water-efficiency programs, and plan for recycled water expansion projects.
Highlights of the 2025 Draft UWMP
A. Water Demand and Supply Outlook (2025-2050)
1. Long-Term Water Demand Stabilizes Despite Population Increases Since 2000, Gilroy’s population has grown by over 20,000 residents. However, the volume of water consumed over that period has remained the same or even decreased slightly. See Figure 1 below. This is due to a steady decline in per capita use, demonstrating the City’s continued success in water conservation and efficiency efforts.
Fig. 1. Historical Water Use and Population Trends
8.1. 2. 2025 Per Capita Water Consumption (GPCD) Meets the City’s 2020 Water Use Target
The City’s average water use fluctuated between 146 and 176 gallons per capita per day (gpcd) from 1995 to 2013. Since 2013, water consumption has been successfully reduced and maintained within a range of 101 to 118 gpcd, consistently remaining below the 2020 water use target of 133 gpcd (Figure 2).
Fig. 2. Historic Water Consumption Per Capita vs 2020 Target B. Groundwater Is the Backbone of the Local Supply
The City relies exclusively on local groundwater as its sole source of potable water supply and does not directly purchase or import water from other suppliers or entities.
Groundwater is extracted from the Llagas Subbasin, which is managed and monitored by the Santa Clara Valley Water District (Valley Water). In its role as regional groundwater basin manager, Valley Water imports water from the Central Valley and recharges the aquifer that supplies the City. To support these basin management activities, Valley Water charges the City a groundwater extraction fee for each acre-foot of water pumped from municipal wells. According to Valley Water’s 2024 Annual Groundwater Report, groundwater within the Llagas Subbasin is generally considered to be of high quality.
The City currently operates nine municipal groundwater wells distributed throughout the service area, with a combined production capacity of approximately 18.8 million gallons
8.1. per day (mgd).
C. Recycled Water Supports Long-Term Supply Security
Recycled water is an important part of Gilroy’s long-term water supply strategy. It provides a reliable, drought-resilient source of non-potable water, improving overall water supply reliability and reducing demand on potable water resources.
The South County Recycled Water System was originally constructed in 1977 and was expanded and upgraded in 1999 to serve customers throughout southern Gilroy and adjacent areas outside the City. Today, the system includes more than 15 miles of transmission and distribution pipelines that deliver recycled water for beneficial reuse.
Fig. 3. Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses within Service Area Over the years, Valley Water has conducted extensive analyses and prepared water reuse master plans to evaluate opportunities for expanding recycled water use within Gilroy. These plans identified a range of potential applications, including landscape irrigation, agricultural irrigation, industrial processes, and potable reuse. Most recently, the 2024 South County Recycled Water Master Plan Update recommended a series of improvements to enhance system capacity, reliability, and operational flexibility, including activating existing transmission pipelines, upgrading reservoirs and pump stations, and implementing operational modifications.
As Gilroy continues to plan for future water demands, recycled water remains an important component of the City’s diversified water portfolio, strengthening long-term water supply security.
D. Water Supply Reliability
Assembly Bill 2242 (2018) requires urban water suppliers to evaluate water supply reliability under normal, single dry-year, and multiple dry-year conditions as part of the UWMP process. In addition to assessing projected water supplies and demands, the UWMP evaluates the City’s vulnerability to seasonal and climatic variability. The 2025 UWMP analyzed the City’s water supply reliability under both single dry-year and five consecutive dry-year scenarios.
8.1. Under the single dry year, the conservation-driven reductions eliminate the projected deficits. The analysis demonstrates the planned Water Shortage Contingency Planning demand management measures are sufficient to maintain a reliable water supply under projected conditions through 2050.
Fig. 4. Single Dry Year Supply and Use Comparison
Under the five consecutive year drought conditions, the water supply reliability analysis indicates that projected water demands would exceed available supplies during the first three years of a drought. This forecasting exercise assumes no supply augmentation benefits; instead, projected deficits are offset through water use reduction measures.
With implementation of the recommended WSCP actions, projected shortages are eliminated. During the 4th and 5th years, available supplies exceed projected demands under all planning scenarios, generating surpluses without the need for additional conservation measures. It is important to note that the projected surpluses are driven by increased groundwater basin supplies, which are based on recharge estimates and supply projections provided by Valley Water.
Overall, the analysis demonstrates that the City’s existing WSCP demand reduction strategies are sufficient to maintain supply reliability throughout the five-year drought planning period.
8.1. Fig. 5. Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison E. Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP)
The Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) provides a structured framework for managing water shortages through proactive monitoring, staged response actions, and demand reduction measures. The WSCP establishes water shortage levels, identifies conservation actions, and outlines procedures for conducting annual supply-anddemand assessments to minimize service disruptions during drought conditions.
The City’s WSCP includes four shortage levels, including Level 0, which establishes permanent conservation measures intended to reduce water use by up to 10 percent.
These shortage levels are consistent with the broader response framework adopted by the Department of Water Resources (DWR) and Valley Water, helping ensure coordinated regional water management during drought conditions (Fig. 6).
8.1. Fig. 6. Drought Response Levels: City vs DWR vs Valley Water Implementation of the WSCP and associated conservation measures is projected to reduce supply deficits and improve overall water supply reliability throughout the 2030– 2050 planning horizon. This forecasting analysis demonstrates the City’s proactive approach to drought preparedness and its commitment to maintaining reliable water service during both short-term and prolonged drought conditions.
F. Demand Management Measures
The 2025 UWMP outlines a range of Demand Management Measures (DMMs) adopted by the City to promote long-term water conservation, enhance system efficiency, and reduce water demand. These measures include water-waste prevention ordinances, citywide metering through the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), public education and outreach, dedicated conservation staff, and regular monitoring of water loss in the distribution system. The City has achieved about 95 percent AMI coverage and is expanding the AquaTrax customer portal, enabling customers and staff to monitor usage and detect leaks in real time.
In partnership with Valley Water, the City promotes water conservation through educational outreach, water-efficient landscaping initiatives, and rebate and survey programs that encourage reduced consumption. Additional efforts include leak detection and repair, landscaping incentives, and community events promoting efficient water use.
ALTERNATIVES
N/A
FISCAL IMPACT/FUNDING SOURCE
8.1. Holding the public hearing on the Draft 2025 UWMP and adopting the document has no fiscal impact. The UWMP plan development was funded through the Water Fund (705).
PUBLIC OUTREACH
The UWMP requires public participation as part of the plan development and adoption process. In accordance with state law, this public hearing gives community members an opportunity to review the Draft UWMP, learn about the City’s existing and future water supplies, and provide comments or raise concerns about the plan. The draft UWMP was made available on the City’s website, and public notices were published in the local newspaper on May 28, June 5, and June 12.
NEXT STEPS
Following the public hearing and approval of the UWMP at the June 15, 2026 Council meeting, staff will submit the plan to the State Department of Water Resources.
Attachments:
1. 2026 UWMP Resolution
2. 2025 Draft UWMP
RESOLUTION NO. 2026-XX
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY
OF GILROY ADOPTING THE 2025 URBAN WATER
MANAGEMENT PLAN (UWMP)
WHEREAS, in 1983, the State of California Legislature (Legislature) enacted the Urban Water Management Planning Act; and
WHEREAS, the UWMP Act requires an urban water supplier (Supplier) providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 customers and serving more than 3,000 acre-feet annually to adopt an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) every five years, demonstrating water supply reliability in normal, single dry, and multiple dry water years; and, WHEREAS, the City of Gilroy (“Gilroy”) is an “urban water supplier: as defined by the Water Code section 10617, providing water to approximately 15,935 water connections and 62,000 residents; and
WHEREAS, on October 18, 2021, the City Council adopted Gilroy’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan which also included the Water Shortage Contingency Plan, which were submitted to the California Department of Water Resources; and WHEREAS, during a public hearing, Gilroy must review and adopt its 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (which includes 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan) and thereafter submit the adopted plan to Department of Water Resources (DWR) on or before July 1st, 2026; and WHEREAS, on June 15th, 2026, the City of Gilroy held a public hearing to receive and consider public comments on the proposed 2025 Urban Water Management Plan; and WHEREAS, on June 15, 2026, the City of Gilroy closed the hearing and adopted the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan; and
WHEREAS, the 2025 UWMP was published on the City website on May 1st, 2026 and notice of public hearing was published in Gilroy Dispatch on May 28, June 5, and June 12, 2026; and,
WHEREAS, based on the evidence presented in the UWMP and the staff report, the City Council determined that the 2025 UWMP will further the public health, safety, and welfare by supporting Gilroy’s long-term resource planning to ensure that adequate supplies of water are available to meet the existing and future water needs.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council as follows:
1 The City Council hereby adopts the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan with final modifications, if any, made by the Utilities Department Director, or designee, after the public hearing to address public input received at the public hearing.
Resolution No. 2026-XX
Adoption of the Urban Water Management Plan
City Council Regular Meeting | 06.18.2026
2. The Utilities Director, or designee, is hereby authorized to file the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan to the DWR, and pursuant to Water Code section 10645, make the plan available for public review during normal business hours no later than 30 days after filing the plan with DWR.
3. The Utilities Director or designee is hereby authorized and directed to administer and implement the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
PASSED AND ADOPTED this XX day of MONTH 2026 by the following roll call vote:
AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
NOES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
ABSTAIN: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
ABSENT: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
APPROVED:
______________________________
Greg Bozzo, Mayor
ATTEST:
Kim Mancera, City Clerk
Resolution No. 2026-XX
Adoption of the Urban Water Management Plan
City Council Regular Meeting | 06.18.2026
CERTIFICATE OF THE CLERK
I, KIM MANCERA, City Clerk of the City of Gilroy, do hereby certify that the attached Resolution No. 202-XX is an original resolution, or true and correct copy of a City Resolution, duly adopted by the Council of the City of Gilroy at a Regular Meeting of said held on Council held Monday, 06.18.2026, with a quorum present.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the Official Seal of the City of Gilroy this Tuesday, XXXXX
____________________________________
Kim Mancera
City Clerk of the City of Gilroy
2025UrbanWater
ManagementPlan
CityofGilroy
2025
URBAN WATER
MANAGEMENT
PLAN
DRAFT
May 2026
CITY OF GILROY
7 433 N O R T H F I R S T S T R E E T , S U I T E 1 0 3 • F R E S N O , C A L I F O R N I A 9 3 7 2 0 • ( 5 5 9 ) 4 3 6 - 0 6 0 0 • F A X ( 5 5 9 ) 4 3 6 - 062 2 www.akeleng.com
Smart Planning Our Water Resources
May 28, 2026
City of Gilroy
7351 Rosanna Street
Gilroy California, 95020
Attention: Izabela Cirloganu, Sr. Management Analyst
Subject: 2025 Urban Water Management Plan - Draft
Dear Izabela:
We are pleased to submit the City of Gilroy 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (2025 UWMP), compliant with the Urban Water Management Planning Act (UWMPA) of 1983 and subsequent amendments.
The plan updates existing and future water needs through the next 25 years, includes a Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP), a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA), and must be submitted to the California Department of Water Resources every five years.
We extend our thanks to you; Karl Bjarke, Interim Utilities Director; Jeff Castro, Operation Services Supervisor; and other City staff whose courtesy and cooperation were valuable in reviewing and completing this study.
Sincerely,
AKEL ENGINEERING GROUP, INC.
Tony Akel, P.E.
Principal
Enclosure: 2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Contact Sheet
Date this plan was submitted to the Department of Water Resources:
Name of Person(s) preparing this plan:
Izabela Cirloganu, Sr. Management Analyst
City of Gilroy
Phone: (408) 846-0255
Email: [email protected]
Tony Akel, P.E., Project Manager
Akel Engineering Group, Inc.
Phone: (559) 436-0600
Fax (559) 436-0622
Email: [email protected]
The Water supplier is a Municipality
The Water supplier is a Retailer
Utility Services provided by the water supplier include: Water, Sewer, Recycled Water Is this Agency a Bureau of Reclamation Contractor? No
Is this Agency a State Water Project Contractor? No
Acknowledgements
City Council
Greg Bozzo, Mayor
Zach Hilton, Mayor Pro Tempore
Carol Marques
Dion Bracco
Kelly Ramirez
Terence Fugazzi
Tom Cline
Management Personnel
Karl Bjarke, Interim Utilities Director
Izabela Cirloganu, Sr. Management Analyst and Project Manager Jeff Castro, Operation Services Supervisor - Water Division
May 2026 i City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Table of Contents Page No.
1.0 CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW ............................................................... 1-1
1.1 PURPOSE..................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.2 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 1-2
1.3 UWMP IMPORTANCE.................................................................................................. 1-3
1.4 NOTABLE UPDATES SINCE 2020 UWMP.................................................................. 1-4
1.5 UWMP IN RELATION TO OTHER EFFORTS.............................................................. 1-5
1.6 UWMPS AND GRANT OR LOAN ELIGIBILITY............................................................ 1-6
1.7 SUBMITTAL TABLES ................................................................................................... 1-7
1.8 REPORT ORGANIZATION........................................................................................... 1-7
2.0 CHAPTER 2 – PLAN PREPARATION ................................................................................... 2-1
2.1 BASIS FOR PREPARING A PLAN ............................................................................... 2-1
2.2 INDIVIDUAL OR REGIONAL PLAN.............................................................................. 2-2
2.3 SUPPLIER IDENTIFICATION....................................................................................... 2-2
2.4 COORDINATION AND OUTREACH ............................................................................ 2-3
2.5 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY................................................................................ 2-4
3.0 CHAPTER 3 – SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION.................................................................... 3-1
3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 Location ........................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.2 Land Use.......................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.3 Socioeconomic Conditions............................................................................... 3-2
3.2 SERVICE AREA BOUNDARY MAPS........................................................................... 3-2
3.3 SERVICE AREA CLIMATE........................................................................................... 3-7
3.3.1 Historic Climate Data ....................................................................................... 3-7
3.3.2 Climate Change ............................................................................................... 3-8
3.4 SERVICE AREA POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS ............................................ 3-9
3.4.1 Service Area Population .................................................................................. 3-9
3.5 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY................................................................................ 3-10
4.0 CHAPTER 4 – EXISTING AND PROJECTED WATER DEMANDS ...................................... 4-1
4.1 NON-POTABLE VERSUS POTABLE WATER USE..................................................... 4-1
4.2 PAST, CURRENT AND PROJECTED WATER USE BY SECTOR.............................. 4-1
4.2.1 Historical Water Use ........................................................................................ 4-2
4.2.2 Current Water Use ........................................................................................... 4-3
4.2.3 Projected Water Use........................................................................................ 4-3
4.2.4 Passive Water Savings .................................................................................... 4-5
4.2.5 Active Conservation Program Savings ............................................................ 4-5
4.2.6 Water Use for Lower Income Households ....................................................... 4-6
4.2.7 Climate Change Considerations ...................................................................... 4-6
4.3 DISTRIBUTIONS SYSTEM WATER LOSSES ............................................................. 4-7
4.3.1 Previous Five Years Distribution System Losses ............................................ 4-7
4.3.2 Progress Toward Meeting the Water Loss Performance Standard ................. 4-7
4.4 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY................................................................................ 4-8
May 2026 ii City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
5.0 CHAPTER 5 – WATER CONSERVATION REQUIREMENTS............................................... 5-1
5.1 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR RETAIL SUPPLIERS ....................................... 5-1
5.1.1 2020 Target & Historical Per Capita Use ......................................................... 5-1
5.2 SUPPLIER MET 2020 TARGET IN 2025...................................................................... 5-2
5.3 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY................................................................................ 5-3
6.0 CHAPTER 6 – NORMAL-YEAR WATER SUPPLY................................................................ 6-1
6.1 PURCHASED OR IMPORTED WATER ....................................................................... 6-1
6.2 GROUNDWATER ......................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2.1 Basin Description ............................................................................................. 6-2
6.2.1.1 Groundwater Basin ........................................................................ 6-2
6.2.1.2 Basin Boundaries........................................................................... 6-4
6.2.1.3 Groundwater Quality ...................................................................... 6-4
6.2.2 Groundwater Management .............................................................................. 6-5
6.2.2.1 Groundwater Management Plan .................................................... 6-5
6.2.2.2 Integrated Water Resource Plan.................................................... 6-6
6.2.3 Overdraft Conditions ........................................................................................ 6-6
6.2.4 Past Five Years Groundwater Pumping........................................................... 6-6
6.3 SURFACE WATER ....................................................................................................... 6-8
6.4 STORMWATER ............................................................................................................ 6-8
6.5 WASTEWATER AND RECYCLED WATER ................................................................. 6-8
6.5.1 Recycled Water Coordination .......................................................................... 6-8
6.5.2 Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal ............................................ 6-9
6.5.2.1 Wastewater Collected Within Service Area.................................... 6-9
6.5.2.2 Wastewater Treatment and Discharge Within Service Area .......... 6-9
6.5.3 Recycled Water System................................................................................... 6-11
6.5.4 Current, Potential, and Projected Recycled Water Uses ................................. 6-11
6.5.4.1 Current and Planned Uses of Recycled Water .............................. 6-11
6.5.4.2 Planned Versus Actual Use of Recycled Water............................. 6-16
6.5.4.3 Actions to Encourage and Optimize Future Recycled Water Use……………………………………………………………………….6-16
6.6 DESALINATED WATER OPPORTUNITIES................................................................. 6-16
6.7 WATER EXCHANGES AND TRANSFERS .................................................................. 6-17
6.8 FUTURE WATER PROJECTS ..................................................................................... 6-17
6.9 SUMMARY OF EXISTING AND PLANNED SOURCES OF WATER........................... 6-18
6.10 CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS..................................................................... 6-19
6.11 ENERGY INTENSITY ................................................................................................... 6-20
6.12 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY................................................................................ 6-20
7.0 CHAPTER 7 – WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT ......................................... 7-1
7.1 CONSTRAINTS ON WATER SOURCES CONSIDERATIONS.................................... 7-1
7.1.1 Legal Factors ................................................................................................... 7-2
7.1.2 Environmental Factors ..................................................................................... 7-2
7.1.3 Water Quality Factors ...................................................................................... 7-2
7.1.4 Climatic Factors ............................................................................................... 7-2
7.2 WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT ........................................................ 7-3
7.2.1 WSRA Year-Type Characterization ................................................................. 7-3
7.2.2 WSRA Supply and Demand Comparison ........................................................ 7-4
7.2.2.1 Supply and Demand Comparisons – Normal Year ........................ 7-5
7.2.2.2 Supply and Demand Comparison – Single Dry Year..................... 7-8
May 2026 iii City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
7.2.2.3 Supply and Demand Comparison – Five Consecutive Dry Years……………………………………………………………………..7-8
7.2.3 WSRA Description of Management Tools and Options ................................... 7-11
7.3 DROUGHT RISK ASSESSMENT ................................................................................. 7-11
7.3.1 DRA Data, Methods, and Basis for Water Shortage Conditions...................... 7-12
7.3.2 DRA Individual Water Source Reliability.......................................................... 7-12
7.3.3 DRA Total Water Supply and Use Comparison ............................................... 7-13
7.4 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY................................................................................ 7-14
8.0 CHAPTER 8 – WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN ............................................... 8-1
8.1 WATER SUPPLY RELIABILITY ANALYSIS................................................................. 8-1
8.2 ANNUAL WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND ASSESSMENT........................................ 8-2
8.2.1 Decision Making Process................................................................................. 8-3
8.2.2 Data and Methodologies .................................................................................. 8-5
8.2.2.1 Evaluation Criteria ............................................................................ 8-5
8.2.2.2 Water Supply ................................................................................... 8-5
8.2.2.3 Current Year Unconstrained Customer Demand .................................. 8-5
8.2.2.4 Current Year Available Supply............................................................ 8-6
8.2.2.5 Infrastructure Considerations ............................................................ 8-6
8.3 WATER SHORTAGE LEVELS ..................................................................................... 8-6
8.4 SHORTAGE RESPONSE ACTIONS............................................................................ 8-8
8.4.1 Supply Augmentation....................................................................................... 8-8
8.4.2 Demand Reduction .......................................................................................... 8-9
8.4.3 Operational Changes ....................................................................................... 8-17
8.4.4 Additional Mandatory Restrictions ................................................................... 8-17
8.4.5 Emergency Response Plan ............................................................................. 8-17
8.4.6 Seismic Risk Assessment and Mitigation Plan ................................................ 8-17
8.4.7 Shortage Response Action Effectiveness........................................................ 8-18
8.5 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS ............................................................................... 8-18
8.6 COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT ......................................................................... 8-19
8.7 LEGAL AUTHORITIES ................................................................................................. 8-19
8.7.1 Declaration of Water Shortage......................................................................... 8-20
8.7.2 Proclamation of Local Emergency ................................................................... 8-20
8.8 FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF A WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN…………………………………………………………………………………………...8-20
8.9 MONITORING AND REPORTING................................................................................ 8-22
8.10 WSCP REFINEMENT PROCEDURES......................................................................... 8-22
8.11 SPECIAL WATER FEATURE DISTINCTION ............................................................... 8-23
8.12 PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AVAILABILITY, AND AMENDMENT PROCEDURES………………………………………………………………………………..8-23
8.13 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY................................................................................ 8-23
9.0 CHAPTER 9 – DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES........................................................ 9-1
9.1 DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES FOR RETAIL SUPPLIERS ........................... 9-1
9.1.1 Implementation Over the Past Five Years ....................................................... 9-1
9.1.2 Required Demand Management Measures ..................................................... 9-2
9.1.2.1 Water-Waste Prevention Ordinances............................................. 9-2
9.1.2.2 Metering…………………………………………………………………9-3
9.1.2.3 Conservation Pricing...................................................................... 9-3
9.1.2.4 Public Education and Outreach...................................................... 9-4
May 2026 iv City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
9.1.2.5 Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss……………………………………………………………………...9-5
9.1.2.6 Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support…………………………………………………………………..9-6
9.1.2.7 Other Demand Management Measures – Water-Wise
Landscaping…………………………………………………………….9-6
9.2 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY................................................................................ 9-6
10.0 CHAPTER 10 – PLAN ADOPTION ........................................................................................ 10-1
10.1 PLAN COMPLETION TIMELINE .................................................................................. 10-1
10.2 NOTICE OF PLAN PREPARATION ............................................................................. 10-1
10.3 NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING ................................................................................... 10-2
10.4 PUBLIC HEARING AND ADOPTION ........................................................................... 10-2
10.5 PLAN SUBMITTAL........................................................................................................ 10-3
10.5.1 Submitting a UWMP to DWR ........................................................................... 10-3
10.5.2 Electronic Data Submittal................................................................................. 10-3
10.5.3 Submitting a UWMP to the California State Library ......................................... 10-4
10.5.4 Submitting a UWMP to Cities and Counties .................................................... 10-4
10.6 PUBLIC AVAILABILITY................................................................................................. 10-4
10.7 DWR REVIEW .............................................................................................................. 10-4
10.8 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY................................................................................ 10-4
May 2026 v City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Figures Page No.
Figure 1-1 Planning Horizons.............................................................................................. 1-6 Figure 3-1 Regional Location Map ...................................................................................... 3-3 Figure 3-2 Existing Service Area......................................................................................... 3-4 Figure 3-3 Existing Land Use .............................................................................................. 3-5 Figure 3-4 2040 General Plan Land Use............................................................................. 3-6 Figure 3-5 Historical Annual Rainfall ................................................................................... 3-8 Figure 4-1 Historic Water Use and Population .................................................................... 4-2 Figure 5-1 Historic Water Consumption Per Capita vs. 2020 Target .................................. 5-2 Figure 6-1 Groundwater Subbasins .................................................................................... 6-3 Figure 6-2 Existing Groundwater Well Locations ................................................................ 6-7 Figure 6-3 Existing Recycled Water System ..................................................................... 6-12 Figure 6-4 Future Recycled Water System ....................................................................... 6-13 Figure 7-1 2045 Water Budget in Llagas Groundwater Subbasin....................................... 7-7 Figure 8-1 Annual Assessment Reporting Timeline ............................................................ 8-3 Tables Page No.
Table 2-1 Public Water Systems........................................................................................ 2-2 Table 2-2 Plan Identification............................................................................................... 2-2 Table 2-3 Supplier Identification......................................................................................... 2-3 Table 2-4 Water Supplier Information Exchange ............................................................... 2-4 Table 3-1A Average Climate Data........................................................................................ 3-7 Table 3-1 Population – Current and Projected................................................................. 3-10 Table 4-1 2025 Actual Total Users for Potable and Non-Potable Water............................ 4-3 Table 4-2 Total Uses of Potable, and Non-Potable Water – Projected.............................. 4-4 Table 4-3 Inclusion in Water Use Projections .................................................................... 4-4 Table 4-4 Passive Water Savings Projections ................................................................... 4-5 Table 4-5 Water Loss Audit Reporting ............................................................................... 4-7 Table 4-6 Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard .................................................. 4-9 Table 5-1 SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress.......................................................................... 5-3 Table 6-1 Groundwater Volume Pumped........................................................................... 6-8 Table 6-2 Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2025........................................... 6-9 Table 6-3 Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area in 2025…………………………………………………………………………………...6-10
Table 6-4 Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area........................... 6-15 Table 6-5 2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual ........ 6-16 Table 6-6 Methods to Encourage Future Recycled Water Use........................................ 6-16 Table 6-7 Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs ..................................... 6-18 Table 6-8 Water Supplies – 2025 Actual.......................................................................... 6-18 Table 6-9 Water Supplies – Projected ............................................................................. 6-19
May 2026 vi City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Tables Page No.
Table 7-1 Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) ........................................... 7-4 Table 7-2 Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison................................................. 7-5 Table 7-2A Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison (Llagas Subbasin) - Detail....... 7-6 Table 7-3 Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison............................................ 7-8 Table 7-4 Multiple Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison........................................ 7-9 Table 7-5 Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment ............................................................... 7-13 Table 8-1A Annual Assessment Reporting Milestone .......................................................... 8-4 Table 8-1B Water Shortage Contingency Plan Levels ......................................................... 8-7 Table 8-1 Cross-reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels............................... 8-7 Table 8-2 Supply Augmentation and Other Actions ........................................................... 8-9 Table 8-3 Demand Reduction Actions ............................................................................. 8-10 Table 8-3A Reduction Actions Matrix ................................................................................. 8-16 Table 8-4 Financial Consequences of WSCP.................................................................. 8-22 Table 10-1 Notification to Cities and Counties ................................................................... 10-2 Appendices
Appendix A DWR Checklist
Appendix B DWR Submittal Tables
Appendix C Urban Water Management Plan Public Notices and Adoption
May 2026 vii City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Acronyms and
Abbreviations Description
Act Urban Water Management Planning Act
AF acre-feet
AMI advanced meter infrastructure
AMR automatic meter reading
AWWA American Water Works Association
CCAP Climate Change Action Plan
CCR California Code of Regulations
CDEC California Data Exchange Center
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CII commercial, industrial and institutional
CIMIS California Irrigation Management Information System CY Calendar Year
Delta Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
DIM dedicated irrigation meter(s)
DMM demand measurement measure(s)
DPR direct potable reuse
DRA Drought Risk Assessment
DWR California Department of Water Resources
eAR Electronic Annual Reporting
ERP Emergency Response Plan
EWEAP Extrema Weather Event Action Plan
GPCD gallons per-capita per day
GPMD gallons per mile of main per day
GPSCD gallons per service connection per day
GSA Groundwater Sustainability Agency(ies)
GSP Groundwater Sustainability Plan(s)
Guidebook Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook
IPR indirect potable reuse
IRWM Integrated Regional Water Management
NAICS North American Industry Classification System
NOAA National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
PWS public water system(s)
PWSID public water system identification number
R-GPCD residential gallons per-capita per day
RHNA regional housing needs allocation
RUWMP Regional Urban Water Management Plan
SDWIS Safe Drinking Water Information System
SGMA Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
May 2026 viii City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Acronyms and
Abbreviations Description
State Water Board State Water Resources Control Board
Supplier urban water supplier
SWP State Water Project
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
UWMP Urban Water Management Plan
UWUO urban water-use objective
VAR Volumetric Annual Report of Wastewater and Recycled Water WDR waste discharge requirements
WRR water recycling requirements
WSCP Water Shortage Contingency Plan
WSRA Water Service Reliability Assessment
May 2026 1-1 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
202City of 5Gilroy
1.0 CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
This chapter introduces the purpose of the Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP), its importance and its overall focus intended to meet statuary reporting requirements for submission to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR).
Urban Water Management Plan Focus
The purpose of the Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) is to review and enhance the reliability of urban water supplies, ensure that future beneficial uses are supported by adequate water supply availability, promote policies and programs that encourage water conservation, and provide a framework for responding to water supply shortages and drought conditions. The 2025 UWMP focuses on the following water-planning fundamentals:
• Preparing a roadmap for
addressing current and longterm future water use.
• Evaluating potable and nonpotable water supplies,
assessing water deliveries, and
identifying constraints on water
availability under certain
regulatory and hydrological
conditions.
• Evaluating water supply
reliability by integrating the water-use analyses with the water supply analyses to summarize the water service reliability assessment under normal conditions, single dry-year conditions, and five consecutive dry years through year 2050.
• Preparing a realistic Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) by including integrated water supplies and projected water use in a hypothetical consecutive five-year drought condition. • Developing an effective Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) that specifies opportunities to reduce demand and augment supplies under various, and even unpredictable, water shortage conditions.
Reinforcing the coordination between land-use planning, water supply planning, and climate change, make the City’s 2025 UWMP both a valuable water management and water planning tool.
Current and Future Water Use
Potable and Nonpotable Water Supplies
Water Supply Reliability
Drought Risk Assessment (DRA)
Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP)
May 2026 1-2 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
1.1 PURPOSE
The City of Gilroy (City) is required to submit an Urban Water Management Plan to the Department of Water Resources (DWR) in accordance with the California Water Code. The purpose of the UWMP is to review and enhance the reliability of urban water supplies, ensure that future beneficial uses are supported by adequate water supply availability, promote policies and programs that encourage water conservation, and provide a framework for responding to water supply shortages and drought conditions.
In addition to being filed every five years, the UWMP must comply with the requirements established in the Urban Water Management Planning Act (UWMP Act) of 1983, including all subsequent amendments. The UWMP Act requires agencies providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 customers or serving more than 3,000 acre-feet annually to adopt an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) every five years, demonstrating water supply reliability in normal, single dry, and multiple dry water years. The UWMP Act also requires the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to report to the Legislature on the status of UWMPs.
1.2 BACKGROUND
The drought of 1976-1977 caused widespread water supply shortages across California. Many cities and water districts were forced to seek additional water sources, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive, long-term water management planning at both the local and statewide levels. In response, the Urban Water Management Planning Act (UWMPA) was proposed and adopted in 1983 to reduce the risk of future emergencies caused by inadequate water resource planning. State Assembly Bill 797 amended Division 6 of California Water Code in 1983, formally establishing the UWMPA. Since its enactment, more than 20 amendments have been made, expanding the data requirements and the planning elements included in the 2025 UWMP.
Early amendments to the UWMPA required a 20-year planning horizon, evaluated in 5-year increments, to compare water demand with available water supplies. More recently, these planning projections have been extended to a 25-year planning horizon to preserve the 20-year projections while allowing sufficient time for the preparation of the subsequent UWMP.
Additional amendments to the UWMPA require that the City’s UWMP includes a Water Shortage Contingency Plan that meets the specifications of the Act as well as provisions for demand management measures and recycled water use. Recycled water use was added to reporting requirements because it provides a reliable alternative water source and can help meet future water demand. Individual water purveyors, in coordination with other water purveyors in the same general area where practicable, are responsible for preparing the Water Shortage Contingency Plan. Each supplier must also describe the water demand management measures currently in practice or scheduled for implementation. Notable Amendments include:
May 2026 1-3 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
• 2009, SBX7-7 requires the state and its municipal water purveyors to achieve a 20 percent reduction in urban per capita water usage by the year 2020. The “20X2020” plan set an interim goal of a 10 percent reduction by 2015 and a 20 percent reduction by 2020. • 2018, SB606 adds new requirements to the UWMP process as well as established updated urban water use objectives and water use reporting requirements:
o Prepare a drought risk assessment that examines water shortage risks for a drought lasting for the next five years.
o Prepare a comprehensive Water Shortage Contingency Plan that will include water budgeting forecast procedures, standard water shortage levels, shortage response actions, and other protocols.
o Enacts an annually required water supply and demand assessment wherein an urban water supplier will assess local demand and supply conditions and provide that information to DWR.
• 2024, “Making Conservation a California Way of Life” regulation, adopted by The State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) in summer 2024, went into effect on January 1, 2025. The regulation established efficiency goals for urban water retail suppliers to implement two enacted legislative mandates (AB 1668 and SB 606) in 2018.
Under the new regulation:
o Suppliers are held to calculate annual “urban water use objectives” and should include budgets for a subset of water uses.
o The regulation provides for variances and temporary provisions to address unique water use circumstances.
o Suppliers must annually demonstrate compliance with objectives beginning January 1, 2027.
1.3 UWMP IMPORTANCE
The importance of the UWMP was exceptionally well defined in the 2025 guidebook and included in this section.
Urban Water Management Plan Importance
A UWMP is the legal and technical water management foundation for Suppliers throughout California. A well-constructed UWMP can save Suppliers time and money, and it provides the Supplier’s staff, the public, and elected officials with an understanding of past, current, and future water conditions and management. The UWMP integrates local and regional landuse planning, regional water supply, infrastructure, and demand management projects, as
May 2026 1-4 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
1.4 NOTABLE UPDATES SINCE 2020 UWMP
The City of Gilroy has been preparing and submitting an UWMP every 5 years, and the last submittal was for the 2020 UWMP, which was adopted on December 15, 2021.
This 2020 UWMP addressed many of the same elements required for the 2025 UWMP, including:
plan preparation, service area description, water use characterization, SBX7-7 baselines, 2020 targets, normal-year water supply characterization, water service reliability and drought risk assessment, water shortage contingency plan, demand management measures, and plan adoption. On November 1, 2022, DWR completed the review of the City’s 2020 UWMP and its supplements, issuing a letter of completeness.
The 2025 UWMP guidebook identifies the following notable updates since the 2020 UWMP:
well as statewide issues of concern like climate change and regulatory revisions. In short, the UWMP gathers, characterizes, and synthesizes water-related information from numerous sources into a plan with local, regional, and statewide practical utility.
Thoughtful urban water management planning provides an opportunity for a Supplier to integrate supplies and use in a balanced and methodical planning platform that addresses short-term and long-term water-planning conditions. In so doing, a Supplier will:
• Assess changes in natural hydrology, climate, and groundwater conditions • Anticipate the implications of regional, State, and federal regulations • Understand supply conditions and water-use variability • Identify regional constraints on, or opportunities for, shared water resources • Integrate local land-use changes, development, plans, and population growth • Prepare for water shortages and unforeseen calamities • Anticipate infrastructure improvements
• Recognize project funding needs and opportunities
Thus, a UWMP provides a supplier with a reliable water management action plan that can be referenced during management decisions related to water supplies and especially during droughts. Importantly, UWMPs provide DWR, the State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board), and the Legislature with an assessment of statewide water reliability. 2010
UWMP
2015
UWMP
2020
UWMP
2025
UWMP
May 2026 1-5 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
2025 Updates Description
Changes in Water Code Minor Water Code updates have been made since 2020, but none affect the 2025 UWMP requirements
Suppliers with Multiple
Public Water Systems
(PWSs)
State agencies now use consistent criteria to decide when a supplier operating multiple PWSs counts as an Urban Water Supplier subject to UWMP rules
DWR Submittal Tables Submittal tables have been updated to match the current reporting year, improve accuracy, and better show what Water Code requires versus what is optional.
Water Loss Standard
Reporting
Water Loss Standard rules haven’t changed, but updated standards for 2028 are now available. New guidance explains how suppliers should report progress on meeting these standards in their 2025 UWMPs.
Direct Potable Reuse Regulations for direct potable reuse have been adopted since the last reporting cycle; minor updates were made to demand and supply tables to support this new reporting requirement.
Lower-Income Housing New guidance clarifies how suppliers should project water demand for lower-income housing, integrating RHNA information and updated land-use planning.
Reporting Groundwater
Recharge and Other
Water Storage
Updated guidance clarifies how to report water placed into storage and later withdrawn, ensuring that water is not double-counted when moving between long-term and short-term storage.
1.5 UWMP IN RELATION TO OTHER EFFORTS
In addition to preparing the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan, the City has the following relevant infrastructure planning efforts:
• Water System Master Plan. An adopted version was available since 2023. • Sewer System Master Plan. An adopted version was available since 2023. • Storm Drainage System Master Plan. An adopted version was available since 2023.
The planning horizons of these documents, in comparison with the 2025 UWMP horizon, are illustrated as Figure 1-1. These master plans include relevant information on growth, as well as population and demand projections.
The preparation of the 2025 UWMP complements these planning efforts by providing guidance for efficient water use throughout the master planning horizon and identifying water conservation
May 2026 1-6 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
measures that influence both water demands and associated wastewater flows. Efforts have been made to ensure consistency between the water demand projections, and the projected water use for the 2025 UWMP and current master planning updates.
Notes:
1. The effective planning horizon for water, sanitary sewer, and storm drainage master plans utilizes the 2040 General Plan buildout year (adopted November 2020).
Figure 1-1 Planning Horizons
In 2019, in a joint effort with the City of Morgan Hill, the City of Gilroy completed a Sustainable Water Management Planning document. This plan reviewed and ranked potential supplemental long-term supply projects, including groundwater recharge, recycled water, surface water treatment projects, a scalping plant, and other initiatives. The ranking criteria considered factors such as increased yield to the Llagas Subbasin, cost, location of benefit, ease of implementation, regulatory considerations, and overall resiliency.
1.6 UWMPS AND GRANT OR LOAN ELIGIBILITY
To be eligible for any water grant or loan administered by DWR, a City must have a current UWMP on file that has been determined by DWR to meet the requirements of the following Water Code.
California Water Code
10608.56 (a) On and after July 1, 2016, an urban retail water supplier is not eligible for a water grant or loan awarded or administered by the state unless the supplier complies with this part. 10608.56 (c) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), the department shall determine that an urban retail water supplier is eligible for a water grant or loan even though the supplier has not met the per capita reductions required pursuant to Section 10608.24, if the urban retail water supplier has submitted to the department for approval a schedule, financing plan, and budget, to be included in the grant or loan agreement, for achieving the per capita reductions. The supplier may request grant or loan funds to achieve the per capita reductions to the extent the request is consistent with the eligibility requirements applicable to the water funds.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
10656 An urban water supplier is not eligible for a water grant or loan awarded or administered by the state unless the urban water supplier complies with this part.
Beginning in 2016, changes to California law require that urban retail water suppliers comply with the water conservation requirements established by the Water Conservation Act of 2009 to be eligible for State water grants or loans. For 2025 UWMPs, compliance with this Act means that a water agency must have met its 2025 Urban Water Use Target, which is discussed further in another Chapter. This compliance must be documented and reported in the 2025 UWMP.
1.7 SUBMITTAL TABLES
This report includes the completed tables required by DWR in the 2025 UWMP Guidebook (January 2026), and included in Appendix B.
California Water Code
10644 (a)(2) The plan, or amendments to the plan, submitted to the department … shall include any standardized forms, tables, or displays specified by the department.
As part of this 2025 UWMP, submittal tables required by the 2025 UWMP Guidebook were completed electronically using the DWR provided 2025 MS Excel workbook, and also filed electronically with DWR. Additionally, each 2025 submittal table is included in this document, within its respective section. Furthermore, each chapter includes a section summarizing the submittal tables.
1.8 REPORT ORGANIZATION
This report is organized in accordance with the outline suggested by the Department of Water Resources for the 2025 Urban Water Management Plans. According to the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, the following items and updates are provided with further explanation.
Chapter Title Description
Introduction
and Overview
This chapter introduces the purpose of the Urban Water
Management Plan (UWMP), its importance, and its overall focus to meet statuary reporting requirements for submission to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR).
Plan
Preparation
This chapter describes the process used as well as the coordination and outreach during the preparation of the UWMP. The chapter also includes guidance and tables to ensure consistent use throughout the UWMP for two key elements: the use of a fiscal or calendar year, and the specific units of measurement the City uses to report water volumes.
Chapter 2
Chapter 1
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Service Area
Description
This chapter describes the City’s water service area, including existing and future land use types, climate, and historical and projected population.
Existing and
Projected
Water
Demands
This chapter provides a description of the current water uses as well as projected water uses through year 2050. Additionally, a description of potential recycled water uses is included.
Water
Conservation
Requirements
This chapter includes the City’s per-capita water conservation target requirements (SB X7-7) as calculated in previous UWMPs and monitors compliance in accordance with the Water Code. As California built the Urban Water Use Objective (UWUO) framework on top of the conservation goals from SB X7-7, using it as a benchmark and requiring suppliers’ overall objectives to go beyond the older 20% by 2020 target to ensure ongoing water conservation efforts.
Normal-Year
Water Supply
This chapter summarizes the City’s current and planned water supply sources and volumes, including characterization of the groundwater basins.
Water Service
Reliability
Assessment
This chapter assesses the reliability of the City’s water supply under normal conditions, single-year dry conditions, and consecutive fiveyear dry conditions. The assessment includes a comparison of water use versus expected water supply through 2050, and includes the Drought Risk Assessment.
Water
Shortage
Contingency
Plan
This chapter includes the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) which is a required structured plan for dealing with water shortages, incorporating standardized water conservation action levels, along with implementation actions in the event of a catastrophic supply interruption.
Demand
Management
Measures
This chapter documents the City’s efforts to reduce water demand using specific demand measurement measures (DMMs) as well as any other actions to maintain ongoing water conservation.
Plan
Adoption
This chapter summarizes the process for adopting and submitting the UWMP as well as the ways the public can access the adopted UWMP.
Appendices The appendices provide supplemental and relevant information, in support of the report chapters.
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
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202City of5Gilroy
2.0 CHAPTER 2 – PLAN PREPARATION
This chapter describes the process used as well as the coordination and outreach during the preparation of the UWMP. The chapter also includes guidance and tables to ensure consistent use throughout the UWMP for two key elements: the use of a fiscal or calendar year, and the specific units of measurement the City uses to report water volumes.
2.1 BASIS FOR PREPARING A PLAN
This section documents the basis for preparing the 2025 UWMP and includes references to the relevant California Water Code.
California Water Code
10617 “Urban water supplier” means a supplier, either publicly or privately owned, providing water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually. An urban water supplier includes a supplier or contractor for water, regardless of the basis of right, which distributes or sells for ultimate resale to customers. This part applies only to water supplied from public water systems subject to Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 116275) of Part 12 of Division 104 of the Health and Safety Code.
10608.12 (t) “Urban retail water supplier” means a water supplier, either publicly or privately owned, that directly provides potable municipal water to more than 3,000 end users or that supplies more than 3,000 acre-feet of potable water annually at retail for municipal purposes.
10621 (a) Each urban water supplier shall update its plan at least once every five years on or before July 1, in years ending in six and one, incorporating updated and new information from the five years preceding each update.
The California Water Code (CWC) defines an “urban water supplier” as a publicly or privately owned supplier that provides water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers or supplies more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually. At the time of preparation of the 2025 UWMP, the City of Gilroy supplied water to over 15,935 active service connections in 2025, with a corresponding 2025 volume of approximately 7,913 acre-ft, as Chapter Focus
This chapter provides guidance on determining whether a City is required to prepare a UWMP, the various levels of regional coordination that a City may employ, and how the City can document consistency with plan preparation requirements.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
summarized in Table 2-1. Thus, the City of Gilroy qualifies as an urban water supplier and has been preparing an Urban Water Management Plan every five years.
The City’s Public Water System identification number (PWSID), regulated by the State Water Board’s Division of Drinking Water, is also documented on Table 2-1.
Submittal Table 2-1 Retail: Public Water Systems
2.2 INDIVIDUAL OR REGIONAL PLAN
The City’s 2025 UWMP is prepared as an individual plan, and the City is not currently part of any regional alliance preparing a regional UWMP. The 2025 UWMP identification as an “individual plan” is documented in Table 2-2.
California Water Code
10620 (d)(1) An urban water supplier may satisfy the requirements of this part by participation in area wide, regional, watershed, or basin wide urban water management planning where those plans will reduce preparation costs and contribute to the achievement of conservation, efficient water use, and improved local drought resilience.
Submittal Table 2-2: Plan Identification
2.3 SUPPLIER IDENTIFICATION
This section discusses supplier identification.
Volume of
Water Supplied
2025
(AF)
CA4310004 City of Gilroy 15,935 7,913
Total 15,935 7,913
Public Water System
Number
Public Water System
Name
Number of Municipal
Connections 2025
Water Supplier is also a member of a SB
X7-7 Regional Alliance
Name of Regional Alliance or
RUWMP
Select
One or
Both
Type of Plan
Individual UWMP
Regional Urban Water Management Plan
(RUWMP) Page 626 of 896
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California Water Code
10608.20 (a)(1) Urban retail water suppliers … may determine the targets on a fiscal year or calendar year basis.
This UWMP has been prepared using calendar year (CY) data and incorporates complete data for 2025. All units of measure reported in the tables and submittal tables are in acre-feet (AF), as documented in Table 2-3.
Submittal Table 2-3: Supplier Identification
2.4 COORDINATION AND OUTREACH
This section describes the outreach and coordination efforts conducted for 2025 UWMP. More detailed notifications are documented in a separate chapter.
California Water Code
10620 (d)(3) Each urban water supplier shall coordinate the preparation of its plan with other appropriate agencies in the area, including other water suppliers that share a common source, water management agencies, and relevant public agencies, to the extent practicable.
10621 (b) Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan pursuant to this part shall, at least 60 days before the public hearing on the plan required by Section 10642, notify any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies that the urban water supplier will be reviewing the plan and considering amendments or changes to the plan.
The City’s 2025 UWMP is an update to the 2020 UWMP and is intended to address the aspects of the UWMPA that fall under the City’s authority, specifically water supply and water use. The draft plan has been shared with regional stakeholders and made available to the public in electronic Supplier is a wholesale supplier
Supplier is a retail supplier
UWMP Tables are in calendar years
UWMP Tables are in fiscal years
Unit AF
Type of Supplier
Fiscal or Calendar Year
Units of measure used in UWMP1
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
format on the City’s website. The wholesale water suppliers informed of the City’s projected water use are listed in Table 2-4.
The UWMPA requires that the adopted UWMP demonstrate the water agency solicited public participation. In accordance with this requirement, the City held a public hearing to allow community members to provide comments, learn about existing and future water supplies, and raise concerns towards the plan being adopted. A notice of the public hearing was published in the local newspaper on ______ and _____, 2026, notifying interested parties that the draft 2025 UWMP was available at various City facilities and on the City’s web page (https://www.cityofgilroy.org/) for review two successive weeks prior to adoption. After public review, the plan was adopted on ______, 2026.
Submittal Table 2-4 Retail: Water Supplier Information Exchange Water Code Section 10631(h)
2.5 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY
This chapter included the following submittal table(s):
• Table 2-1 Public Water Systems
• Table 2-2 Plan Identification
• Table 2-3 Supplier Identification
• Table 2-4 Water Supplier Information Exchange
Wholesale Water Supplier Name
Valley Water
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202City of5Gilroy
3.0 CHAPTER 3 – SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION
This chapter describes the City’s water service area, including existing and future land use types, climate, and historical and projected population.
3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This section documents the City’s location, service area, land use, and socioeconomic conditions.
California Water Code
10631 (a) Describe the service area of the supplier…
3.1.1 Location
The City is located in Santa Clara County, approximately 30 miles south of the City of San Jose, 15 miles northwest of the City of Hollister, and 25 miles to the east of the City of Santa Cruz (Figure 3-1). The City’s closest neighbor, the City of Morgan Hill, is located 10 miles to the north.
Highway 101 bisects the eastern boundary of the City in the north-south direction, and Highway 152 bisects the middle of the City in the east-west direction. In 2002, the City outlined the longterm Ultimate Growth Boundary (UGB), which was approved by City Council, and identified lands intended for future urbanization within the City service area.
3.1.2 Land Use
According to the City’s 2023 Water System Master Plan (WSMP) Update, the City’s UGB encompasses approximately 10,272 acres of varying land-use types, which are defined as follows: 3,045 acres of residential; 4,750 acres of non-residential, including but not limited to:
commercial, industrial, and institutional; and 2,477 acres of other non-demand generating landuse types such as rural county, open space and landscape irrigation. The residential component can be further subdivided, with 90 percent of the total residential acres designated for singleChapter Focus This chapter describes the City’s water service area, including the discussion of the City’s location, the boundaries of the water service area, existing and future land use types, and climate. It also summarizes historical and projected population trends and provides an overview of the City’s demographics and socioeconomic conditions.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
family dwellings and the remaining 10 percent for multi-family dwellings within the city limits. The existing and future land use maps, extracted from the City’s 2023 WSMP Update, are shown on Figure 3-3 and Figure 3-4, respectively. The existing and future land use information was the basis of water demand and supply planning for the City’s 2023 WSMP Update.
3.1.3 Socioeconomic Conditions
Based on data from the U.S. Census American Community Survey, the City has a median household income of approximately $133,107 per year and a per capita income of approximately $48,965 per year as of 2024. Approximately 29.3% of the population has a bachelor’s degree or higher and 83.4% have a high school diploma or higher. Approximately 6.7% of the population lives below the poverty line.
According to population and housing statistics prepared by the California Department of Finance (DOF), the City has an average household occupancy of 3.27 people per household in 2025.
Approximately 74% of the current residential units are single-family residences, with the other 26% reflecting multiple-family dwelling units. The 2025 residential vacancy rate is approximately
3.4%.
According to the City’s General Plan, the primary sectors of employment are manufacturing and health services. The City’s proximity to Silicon Valley plays an important role in economic activity, and agricultural production continues to be an important element to the City. The most recent unemployment rate was listed as 6.3%.
3.2 SERVICE AREA BOUNDARY MAPS
The City’s most recent General Plan was adopted in November 2020 and outlines the UGB.
Infrastructure improvements necessary to serve lands within the UGB were outlined in the City’s 2023 water distribution, sewer collection, and storm drainage master plans. As shown in Figure 3- 2, the City’s existing water service area is generally consistent with the existing UGB. The City’s UGB incorporates approximately 16.1 square miles and is the City’s ultimate growth boundary for the life of the current General Plan; it is assumed that the UGB describes water system service area, as shown in Figure 3-4.
Morgan Hill
Watsonville
Gilroy
Union Pacific Railroad
101
101
101
101
152
152
25 152
129
129 129
1 152
Calero
Reservoir
Anderson
Reservoir
Coyote
Reservoir
Uvas
Reservoir
Figure 3-1
Regional Location Map
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Gilroy
Updated: February 10, 2026
GIS
0 0.5 1 2
Miles
Legend
Cities
Study Area
City Limits
Urban Growth Boundary
Highways
Railroads
Lakes
Elevation (ft)
0 - 250
250 - 500
500 - 1,000
1,000 - 2,000
2,000 - 3,000
3,000 - 4,000
PRELIMINARY
Flie Path: P:\xGIS\GIS_Projects\Gilroy\Water\260210-2025_UWMP\GL_Fig3-1_RLM_021026.aprx Pacific
Ocean
California Nevada
Gilroy
City of Gilroy
101
101
101
152
152
25 152
Union Pacific Railroad
Coyote
Reservoir
Canyon
Pescadero Creek
Wildcat
Hatfield
Canyon
Creek
Pajaro Riv
Pajaro River
Carnadero Creek
Miller Slough
Jones Creek
San Ysidro Creek
Llagas Creek
Uvas Creek
Llagas Creek
Coyote Creek
Live Oak Creek
Llagas Creek
Llagas Creek
Llagas Creek
Creek
Figure 3-2
Existing Service Area
2025 Urban Water management Plan
City of Gilroy
Updated: February 10, 2026
GIS
0 0.5 1 2
Miles
Legend
Boundaries
Urban Service Area
City Limits
Rivers & Creeks
Waterbodies
PRELIMINARY
File Path: P:\xGIS\GIS_Projects\Gilroy\Water\260210-2025_UWMP\GL_Fig3-2_ServiceArea_021026.aprx Page 632 of 896 152
Llagas Creek
Miller Slough
Uvas Creek
Buena Vista Ave
Fitzgerald Ave
Monterey Rd
Day Rd
Sunrise Dr
Mantelli Dr
Santa Teresa Bl
Wren Ave
Leavesley Rd
Tenth St
Camino Arroyo
Southside Dr
Uvas Park Dr
Castro Valley Rd
Frazier Lake Rd
Davidson Ave
Las Animas Ave
Cohansey Ave
Gilman Rd
Hecker Pass Rd First St
Legend
Existing Land Use
Low Density Residentia
Medium Density Residential
High Density Residential
Neighborhood District
Public/Quasi-Public Facility
Educational Facility
Professional Office
General Services Commercial
Visitor-Serving Commercial
Industrial
Open Space
Park and Recreation Facility
Vacant
City Limits
Roads
Railroads
Rivers & Creeks
Waterbodies
Updated: May 4, 2026
0 0.25 0.5 1
Mile
GIS
PRELIMINARY
File Path: P:\xGIS\GIS_Projects\Gilroy\Water\260210-2025_UWMP\GL_Fig3-3_ExistingLandUse_050426.aprx Figure 3-3
Existing Land Use
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Gilroy
101
101
152
152
25 Llagas Creek
Miller Slough
Uvas Creek
Buena Vista Ave
Fitzgerald Ave
Monterey Rd
Day Rd
Sunrise Dr
Mantelli Dr
Santa Teresa Bl
Wren Ave
Leavesley Rd
Camino Arroyo
Tenth St
Southside Dr
Uvas Park
Dr
Castro Valley Rd
Frazier Lake Rd
Bloomfield Ave
Sheldon Ave
Davidson Ave
Las Animas Ave
Cohansey Ave
Gilman Rd
Hecker Pass Rd First St
Rucker Av
Pajaro River
Shore Rd
Legend
Boundaries
Planning Area/Sphere of Influence
Urban Growth Boundary
City Limits
General Plan Land Use
Hillside Residential
Low Density Residential
Medium Density Residential
High Density Residential
General Services Commercial
City Gateway District
Visitor Serving Commercial
General Industrial
Employment Center
Industrial Park
Public and Quasi-Public Facility
Neighborhood District
Mixed Use
Rural County
Open Space
Park and Recreation Facility
Specific Plan Areas
Downtown
Glen Loma Ranch
Hecker Pass
Roads
Railroads
Rivers & Creeks
Waterbodies
0 0.5 1 2
Miles
GIS
PRELIMINARY
File Path: P:\xGIS\GIS_Projects\Gilroy\Water\260210-2025_UWMP\GL_Fig3-4_GPLU_021026.aprx Adopted: November 2, 2020
Figure 3-4
2040 General Plan
Land Use
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Gilroy
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
3.3 SERVICE AREA CLIMATE
The following sections include a description of the City’s historical climate data as well as a general summary of the potential impacts due to climate change.
California Water Code
10630 It is the intention of the Legislature, in enacting this part, to permit levels of water management planning … while accounting for impacts from climate change.
10631 (a) Describe the service area of the supplier, including … “climate…”
3.3.1 Historic Climate Data
The City has historically had a temperate climate due to its location in Santa Clara Valley and its proximity to the Pacific Ocean. The mean annual temperature in the City
is 74.3 degrees Fahrenheit (°F), with the hottest month being August at approximately 86.3 °F for the average
high, and the coldest month being December, with an
average low of approximately 37.3 °F. The City has a
historical average annual rainfall of approximately 17.0 inches, with the majority of the rainfall occurring from November to March. These months typically experience
between 3 to 4 inches total. The average annual
evapotranspiration (ETo) is approximately 52.7 inches.
Average climate data is included in Table 3-1A.
Table 3-1A Average Climate Data
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual
Average
ETo
(inches)
1.7 2.5 3.7 5.2 6.4 7.3 6.9 6.2 5.2 3.9 2.2 1.6 52.7
Rainfall
(inches) 3.4 3.0 2.9 1.2 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.9 1.7 3.2 17.0 Average
Maximum
Temp. (°F)
61.4 64.3 67.4 72.3 77.0 83.2 86.2 86.3 85.3 79.1 68.2 60.8 74.3 Average
Minimum
Temp. (°F)
37.5 39.4 42.2 44.4 48.2 51.6 53.9 54.1 52.3 47.3 40.7 37.3 45.7 Notes:
1. Source: WRCC station 043417 (Mar 1906-Jun 2016)
2. Source: CIMIS Station 211 (Sept 2009-Dec 2025)
Average
Temperature
60°F
Average
Rainfall
17.0"
May 2026 3-8 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Historical rainfall in the city is shown in Figure 3-5 and has ranged from 2.56 inches in 2013 to
37.8 inches in 1983.
Figure 3-5 Historical Annual Rainfall
3.3.2 Climate Change
As part of the 2025 UWMP update, the California Water Code requires urban water suppliers to provide a general description of the climate change impact within the service area. Based on the City’s location and current climate, the most notable changes in climate are related to increasing average temperatures, intensifying storm events, and periods of extended drought. Other effects, such as decreasing snowpack or rising sea levels do not have a direct impact on the City’s water demand or supply. Changes in annual precipitation and temperature will likely have an impact on the City’s overall water use as well as available supply volumes.
As the local Groundwater Sustainability Agency, Valley Water is in the process of developing multiple studies to estimate the impact of climate change throughout Santa Clara County and proactively plan for the future.
The Valley Water Board of Directors adopted Climate Change Action Plan in 2021 which includes seven goals related to climate mitigation, climate adaptation and emergency preparedness:
• Goal 1: Reduce Direct Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• Goal 2: Expand Renewable Energy and Improve Energy Efficiency • Goal 3: Reduce Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
• Goal 4: Water Supply Adaptation
• Goal 5: Flood Protection Adaptation in Santa Clara County • Goal 6: Ecosystem Adaptation in Santa Clara County
• Goal 7: Emergency Preparedness
Valley Water published the Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP) Annual Implementation Report for fiscal years (FY) 2022 and 2023, which includes progress updates and a summary of actions taken since the adoption of the CCAP. Water supply adaptation is one of the plan’s goals, and the report highlights multiple strategies and project initiatives designed to achieve it. Valley Water has continued its efforts to: (1) coordinate with Gilroy in terms of maximizing non-potable reuse and, (2) evaluate future water purification opportunities in both Gilroy and Morgan Hill.
Additionally, Valley Water publishes Extreme Weather Event Action Plan (EWEAP) Biennial Reports to track implementation progress and highlight how the agency’s projects and programs are evolving to meet climate challenges. The latest report, published for Fiscal Years 2024 and 2025, highlights the adoption of a long-term water demand guidance through the Water Supply Master Plan 2050 in November 2025; the approval of a potable/drinkable water reuse goal of up to 24,000 AFY by 2035; and on-going projects to ensure a safe and reliable long-term water supply.
3.4 SERVICE AREA POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS
The City is a growing community with over 1.5 percent of the Santa Clara County population residing within the City limits. Department of Finance records estimate the 2025 population of Gilroy at 62,205.
3.4.1 Service Area Population
California Water Code
10631 (a) Describe the service area of the supplier, including current and projected population …The projected population estimates shall be based upon data from the state, regional, or local service agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier and shall be in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available.
The current and projected service area population is summarized in Table 3-1. The population projections are based on the following growth rates:
• 1990-2025: The historical growth rate average is calculated at 1.5% per year. • 2026-2050: Assumes 1.5% per year based on the historical growth rate and information given from the City on population projections.
According to 2024 United States Census Bureau’s data, the City has a racially diverse population which is White (31.0%), Black or African American (1.9%), American Indian and Alaska Native
May 2026 3-10 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
(1.6%), Asian (9.4%), Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (0.6%), Hispanic or Latino (58.9%), with the rest more than one race or other race.
Submittal Table 3-1 Retail: Population - Current and Projected Water Code Section 10631(a)
3.5 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY
This chapter included the following submittal table(s):
• Table 3-1 Population-Current and Projected
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
62,205 64,840 68,283 71,908 75,726 79,746
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202City of 5Gilroy
4.0 CHAPTER 4 – EXISTING AND PROJECTED WATER DEMANDS
This chapter provides a description of the current water uses as well as projected water uses through year 2050. Additionally, a description of potential recycled water uses is included.
4.1 NON-POTABLE VERSUS POTABLE WATER USE
The California State Water Code requires documentation of water use within the City’s service area for potable, recycled, and raw water demands, as applicable. While the City does not provide any deliveries of raw water, treated wastewater effluent is used to irrigate crops on privately owned land and is discussed in more detail in a later Chapter. The remaining sections within this chapter summarize the historical and projected water use. The water use projection also includes preliminary estimation for recycled water demands, based on potable water demand and returnto-sewer ratio.
4.2 PAST, CURRENT AND PROJECTED WATER USE BY SECTOR
This section documents the historical and projected water use as well as the maximum day demand.
California Water Code
10631 (d)(1) For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available, past and current water use, over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), and projected water use, based upon information developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use sectors, including, but not necessarily limited to, all of the following:
(A) Single-family residential.
(B) Multifamily.
(C) Commercial.
(D) Industrial.
(E) Institutional and governmental.
(F) Landscape.
(G) Sales to other agencies.
Chapter Focus
This chapter describes the City’s water service area. This description includes discussion of the City’s location, the boundaries of the water service area, existing and future land use types, and climate. This chapter also summarizes the historical and projected population as well as a review of the City’s demographics and socioeconomic conditions.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
(H) Saline water intrusion barriers, groundwater recharge, or conjunctive use, or any combination thereof. (I) Agricultural.
(J) Distribution system water loss.
10631 (d)(2) The water use projections shall be in the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a).
4.2.1 Historical Water Use
The relationship between water use and population is illustrated in Figure 4-1, which shows that water consumption declined after the 2007–2010, 2012–2016 and then 2020-2022 drought periods, despite continued population growth over the same timeframe.
Figure 4-1 Historic Water Use and Population
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
4.2.2 Current Water Use
The City currently provides domestic water to residential, commercial and institutional customers within the City limits. At the time of preparation of the 2025 UWMP, based on the most recent available data, the City maintains over 15,935 individual connections to the water system. In 2025, total domestic water use was approximately 7,913 AF, as summarized in Table 4-1.
Submittal Table 4-1 Retail: 2025 Actual Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water Water Code Section 10631(d)(1)
Notes:
1. Includes Commercial and institutional Use Types
2. Losses (Non-revenue) include unbilled metered
4.2.3 Projected Water Use
This section documents the projected water use data.
California Water Code
10631 (d)(4)(A) Water use projections, where available, shall display and account for the water savings estimated to result from adopted codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans identified by the urban water supplier, as applicable to the service area.
10633 The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water...and shall include all of the following: ...
(e) The projected use of recycled water within the supplier’s service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and a description of the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected pursuant to this subdivision...
Volume
(AF)
Single Family Potable 4,140
Multi-Family Potable 846
Commercial Commercial & Institutional Potable 1,267
Landscape Potable 698
Other (optional) Hydrant & City Potable 195
Distribution System Water Loss Potable 766
7,913
0 Total 7,913
2025 Actual Water Use
Level of Treatment
When Delivered
(OPTIONAL)
Additional Description
(as needed)
Subtotal Potable
Subtotal Non-Potable
Use Type
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
The city-wide projected potable water demands by water use type through the year 2050 are summarized in Tables 4-2, and the demands include estimated future water savings from active conservation activities (Tables 4-3). To calculate the total projected potable water demand through the UWMP planning horizon of 2050, the City’s 2025 urban water use target of 133 gallons per capita per day (gpcd) was applied to the projected population.
These projections also incorporate future water use reductions of up to five percent resulting from active water savings, as described in a following section. For planning purposes, the proportion of projected demand by use type is assumed to be consistent with current consumption trends, which reflects a majority of users in single-family and multi-family residential categories.
Submittal Table 4-2 Retail: Total Uses of Potable, and Non-Potable Water - Projected Water Code Section 10631(d)(1)
Submittal Table 4-3 Retail: Inclusion in Water Use Projections Water Code Section 10631 (a), 10631 (d)(4)(A), and 10631 (d)(4)(B) 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Single Family Potable 4,802 5,057 5,325 5,608 5,905
Multi-Family Potable 981 1,033 1,088 1,146 1,207
Commercial Include Institutional Potable 1,470 1,548 1,630 1,716 1,807 Landscape Potable 810 853 898 945 996
Other (optional) Potable 226 238 251 264 278
Distribution System Water Loss Potable 888 936 985 1,038 1,093 Other (optional) Recycled Water Non-Potable 1,507 1,864 2,218 2,570 2,570 9,177 9,664 10,177 10,717 11,286
1,507 1,864 2,218 2,570 2,570
Total 10,684 11,528 12,395 13,287 13,856
Subtotal Non-Potable
Subtotal Potable
Use Type
(Report To the Extent that Records are Available)
Additional Description
(as needed)
Level of
Treatment
When
Delivered
(OPTIONAL)
Projected Water Use
Are Future Water Savings Included in Projections? Yes
If "Yes" to above:
State the section or page number, in the cell to the right, where citations of the codes, ordinances, or otherwise are utilized in demand projections are found.
4.2 Are Lower Income Residential Demands Included In Projections? Yes Page 642 of 896 May 2026 4-5 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
4.2.4 Passive Water Savings
Passive water savings include water use reduction that results from codes, standards, ordinances, and other plans (Table 4-4). These various sources of water savings typically result from state or regional requirements or guidelines, which are then implemented by the City. Examples of these codes and ordinances are as follows:
• Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO): In 2015, DWR was tasked with updating the MWELO to increase water efficiency standards for new and retrofitted landscapes. This includes encouragement in the use of more efficient irrigation systems, greywater usage, and onsite stormwater capture.
• California Energy Commission Title 20: This includes appliance standards for toilets, urinals, faucets, and showerheads. These standards impact both new construction and replacement fixtures in existing homes.
• CALGreen Building Code: The code requires residential and non-residential water efficiency and conservation measures for new buildings and structures. • California's AB 1572 (2023): AB 1572 prohibits using potable water on nonfunctional turf (such as decorative grass not used for recreation) in phases, and between 2027 to 2031.
The ban starts with state/local government on January 1, 2027, moves to commercial/institutional in 2028, and then homeowners associations (HOAs) in January 1, 2029. Compliance self-certifications for large properties start on January 1, 2030.
Passive water savings are expected to continue to be a factor in new construction, however new regulations such as AB 1572 prohibitions, reducing turf in commercial and homeowners associations are expected to be noticeable. For planning purposes, it is assumed that these passive water savings will result in up to five percent reduction in water use, and were incorporated in the demand projections shown in Table 4-2.
Submittal Table 4-4 Retail: Passive Water Savings Projections Water Code Section 10631(d)(4)(A)
4.2.5 Active Conservation Program Savings
While the demand projections included on Table 4-2 accounted for passive water savings, as discussed in the previous section, the City is taking a more conservative approach and excluding future active conservation savings, which are usually achieved through the programs and activities implemented by the City as part of its water conservation program. The City’s water 2030 2035 2040 2045
2050
(opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
483 509 536 565 594
Description
(Codes, Standards, Ordinances, or Plans)
Codes, Standards, Ordinances, and Plans
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
conservation programs and demand management measures are discussed in detail in Chapter 9 – Demand Management Measures. Active savings that are part of previous conservation efforts and reflected in historical demands, are also reflected in the projections. Only additional active savings are excluded.
4.2.6 Water Use for Lower Income Households
California Water Code
10631.1 (a) The water use projections required by Section 10631 shall include projected water use for single-family and multifamily residential housing needed for lower income households, as defined in Section 50079.5 of the Health and Safety Code, as identified in the housing element of any city, county, or city and county in the service area of the supplier.
10631.1 (b) It is the intent of the Legislature that the identification of projected water use for single-family and multifamily residential housing for lower income households will assist a supplier in complying with the requirement under Section 65589.7 of the Government Code to grant a priority for the provision of service to housing units affordable to lower income households.
California Health and Safety Code
50079.5 (a) “Lower income households” means persons and families whose income does not exceed the qualifying limits for lower income families… In the event the federal standards are discontinued, the department shall, by regulation, establish income limits for lower income households for all geographic areas of the state at 80 percent of area median income, adjusted for family size and revised annually.
SB 1087 (Florez, 2005) amended the UWMPA to require urban water suppliers to include singlefamily and multi-family residential units for lower-income households, as identified by the City, County, or both, within the service area of the provider. As part of the City’s 2040 General Plan, an updated Housing Element was released, providing the number of lower-income housing units allocated through 2021. According to the Housing Element, 21 percent of the Regional Housing Needs Allocations (RHNA) must be affordable to lower-income households. The projected residential water demands presented in Table 4-2 reflect this allocation for lower-income households.
4.2.7 Climate Change Considerations
California Water Code
10630 It is the intention of the Legislature, in enacting this part, to permit levels of water management planning commensurate with the numbers of customers served and the volume of water supplied, while accounting for impacts from climate change.
10635 (b) Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, a drought risk assessment …(and) shall include each of the following … (4) Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.
Based on the City’s location and current climate, the most significant changes include rising average temperature, more intense storm events, and extended periods of drought. While the
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
precise effects of climate change on water demand remain uncertain, increased temperatures and extended drought periods are expected to influence water consumption. According to the Valley Water 2020 UWMP, a preliminary climate study indicates that the average annual maximum temperature in Santa Clara County could rise by 2.0°F by 2050, while precipitation is expected to continue exhibiting high year-to-year variability, with both very wet and very dry years. Without continued water conservation efforts, these changes in annual temperature and precipitation patterns may lead to higher water demand, particularly for outdoor irrigation and agricultural uses.
4.3 DISTRIBUTIONS SYSTEM WATER LOSSES
California Water Code
10631 (d)(3)(A) The distribution system water loss shall be quantified for each of the five years preceding the plan update, in accordance with rules adopted pursuant to Section 10608.34. 10631 (d)(3)(B) The distribution system water loss quantification shall be reported in accordance with a worksheet approved or developed by the department through a public process. The water loss quantification worksheet shall be based on the water system balance methodology developed by the American Water Works Association. 10631 (d)(3)(C) In the plan due July 1, 2021, and in each update thereafter, data shall be included to show whether the urban retail water supplier met the distribution loss standards enacted by the board pursuant to Section 10608.34.
4.3.1 Previous Five Years Distribution System Losses
As part of the 2025 UWMP update, urban water suppliers are required to quantify the previous five years’ distribution system water losses in a manner consistent with the American Water Works Association (AWWA) water system balance methodology. The City has completed the required water loss audit worksheet in accordance with the DWR. Table 4-5 documents the reported water loss information for 2020-2024.
Submittal Table 4-5 Retail: Water Loss Audit Reporting
Water Code Section 10631(d)(3)(A)
4.3.2 Progress Toward Meeting the Water Loss Performance Standard Pursuant to Water Code Section 10631(d)(3)(C), Retail Suppliers are required to provide data demonstrating whether the Retail Supplier met its State Water Board Water Loss Performance Public Water System ID #
Reported in Table 2-1 R Reporting Period Submitted to DWR Water Loss Audit Program 2020 Yes
2021 Yes
2022 Yes
2023 Yes
2024 Yes
CA4310006
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Standard in 23 CCR Section 980 et seq. for each applicable PWS. Submittal Table 4-6 allows for reporting on progress toward meeting the Water Loss Performance Standard.
The Water Loss Performance Standard does not have to be met until 2028. However, Water Code Section 10631(d)(3)(C) still requires that Retail Suppliers include data in their 2025 UWMPs to show whether they met it. For clarification purposes, the following definition is provided to distinguish between “real loss” and “apparent loss”: real loss is physical water leaving the pipes via leaks and not reaching customers; while apparent loss is related to inaccurate meters, data errors, and thefts.
From Submittal Table 4-6, the current real water loss per unit per day is 28.9 gallons per connection per day, which exceeds the 2028 standard of 18.0 gallons per connection per day. In contrast, the current apparent loss per unit per day is 2.0 gallons per connection per day, significantly below the 2028 standard of 8.8 gallons per connection per day. This comparison suggests that apparent loss is not a primary concern. However, the elevated real loss warrants further investigation, particularly for potential leaks within the storage system, transmission and distribution mains, and service lines up to and including the meter.
4.4 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY
This chapter included the following submittal table(s):
• Table 4-1:2025 Actual Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water • Table 4-2: Total Uses of Potable and Non-Potable Water-Projected • Table 4-3: Total Water Use (Potable and Non-Potable) Inclusion in Water Use Projections • Table 4-4: Passive Water Savings Projections
• Table 4-5: Water Loss Audit Reporting
• Table 4-6: Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Submittal Table 4-6 Retail: Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard Water Code Section 10631(d)(3)(C)
Volume of Total Real
Loss (from AWWA
Water Loss Audit)
Volume of Total
Apparent Loss
(from AWWA Water
Loss Audit)
(AF) (AF)
CA4310004 Yes 17.985
Gallons per
Service
Connection per
Day (GPSCD)
15,935 487 28.9 8.8
Gallons per
Service
Connection per
Day (GPSCD)
15,935 33.7 2.0
State Water Board Standard
2028 Real Water Loss
Standard per Unit per
day
Units for Real
Water Loss
State Water Board Standard
2028 Apparent
Water Loss
Standard per Unit
per Day
Units for
Apparent
Water Loss
Number of
Connections
Apparent Water Loss
Did the Water Board Calculate
a Water Loss Standard for this
Public Water System? (y/n)
If no, Supplier will not
complete this row.
Real Water Loss
Public Water
System ID #
Reported in
Submittal Table 2-
1 R
Most Recent AWWA Water Loss Audit
Real Water
Loss Per Unit
per Day
Most Recent AWWA Water Loss Audit
Apparent Water
Loss Per Unit per
Day
Number of Units
(Connections or
Miles corresponding
with units selected)
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202City of 5Gilroy
5.0 CHAPTER 5 – WATER CONSERVATION REQUIREMENTS
This chapter includes the City’s per-capita water conservation target requirements (SB X7-7) as calculated in previous UWMPs and monitors compliance in accordance with the Water Code. As California built the Urban Water Use Objective (UWUO) framework on top of the conservation goals from SB X7-7, using it as a benchmark and requiring suppliers’ overall objectives to go beyond the older 20% by 2020 target to ensure ongoing water conservation efforts.
5.1 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR RETAIL SUPPLIERS
California Water Code
10608.40 Urban water retail suppliers shall report to the department on their progress in meeting their urban water use targets as part of their urban water management plans submitted pursuant to Section 10631. 10608.12 (af) “Urban retail water supplier” means a water supplier, either publicly or privately owned, that directly provides potable municipal water to more than 3,000 end users or that supplies more than 3,000 acre-feet of potable water annually at retail for municipal purposes.
5.1.1 2020 Target & Historical Per Capita Use
The need for additional supply sources or storage to accommodate future growth is typically evaluated using historical per capita water consumption, and which is expressed in gallons per capita per day (gpcd), and defines as follows:
• Gallons Per Capita Per Day (GPCD), as used in UWMP calculations, represents the total water use within a service area divided by the population. It measures daily per-person water use in gallons.
The future requirements of the supply source are then estimated by applying the per capita consumption rate, expressed in gallons per capita per day (gpcd), to the projected population.
Chapter Focus
The purpose of the SB X7-7 Baseline, 2020 Targets, and 2025 Reporting chapter in the City’s 2025 UWMP is to document the City’s progress toward achieving its urban water-use efficiency targets, in accordance with California Water Code Section 10608.40. This chapter provides the framework for meeting UWMP reporting requirements, with detailed calculation methods and considerations for establishing SB X7-7 baselines, targets, and compliance values.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Figure 5-1 presents the City's historical water use per capita in gpcd and the 2020 water use target.
The City’s average water use fluctuated between 137 and 176 gallons per capita per day (gpcd) from 1995 to 2014. Since 2014, conservation efforts have successfully reduced per capita water consumption to a range of 101 to 118 gpcd, falling below the 2020 water use target of 133 gpcd.
Figure 5-1 Historic Water Consumption Per Capita vs. 2020 Target
5.2 SUPPLIER MET 2020 TARGET IN 2025
Suppliers that met their 2020 Target in 2025 will submit Submittal Table 5-1 and include their “2020 Target” as well as their “2020 Actual GPCD” to verify that they met the SB X7-7 requirement. As directed in the 2025 UWMP guidebook, this information is obtained from the City’s 2020 UWMP and the calculations are thus not reproduced.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Submittal Table 5-1 Retail: SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress Water Code Section 10608.40
5.3 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY
This chapter included the following submittal table(s):
• Table 5-1: SBX7-7 2020 Target Progress
No
Individual
Target
133 118 Yes
Was Supplier part
of a merger or
consolidation since
2020?
Did Supplier
Achieve Targeted
Reduction for
2020?
Actual 2020
GPCD
2020 Target
Regional
Alliance Target
or Individual
Target?
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
202City of 5Gilroy
6.0 CHAPTER 6 – NORMAL-YEAR WATER SUPPLY
This chapter summarizes the City’s current and planned water supply sources and volumes, including characterization of the groundwater basins.
6.1 PURCHASED OR IMPORTED WATER
The City currently uses local groundwater as the sole source of water supply, and at this time does not purchase or import water from any other water suppliers or entities.
6.2 GROUNDWATER
This section provides information on the groundwater basin, groundwater management, groundwater pumping and overdraft conditions and how these conditions will affect the water supply to the City.
California Water Code
10631 (b)(4) If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water available to the supplier, all of the following information:
Chapter Focus
The purpose of this chapter is to describe and quantify the sources of existing and planned water available to the City during a normal year. This chapter includes a description of the groundwater basin underlying the City, as well as ongoing planning efforts for the potential use of recycled water within the City’s service area.
California Water Code
10631 (b) Identify and quantify, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water available to the supplier as described in subdivision (a) [in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available]1, providing supporting and related information, including:
(1) A detailed discussion of anticipated supply availability under a normal water year, (2) When multiple sources of water supply are identified, a description of the management of each supply in correlation with the other identified supplies. (3) For any planned sources of water supply, a description of the measures that are being undertaken to acquire and develop those water supplies.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
(A) The current version of any groundwater sustainability plan or alternative adopted pursuant to Part 2.74 (commencing with Section 10720), any groundwater management plan adopted by the urban water supplier, including plans adopted pursuant to Part 2.75 (commencing with Section 10750), or any other specific authorization for groundwater management for basins underlying the urban water supplier’s service area.
(B) A description of any groundwater basin or basins from which the urban water supplier pumps groundwater. For basins that a court or the board has adjudicated the rights to pump groundwater, a copy of the order or decree adopted by the court or the board and a description of the amount of groundwater the urban water supplier has the legal right to pump under the order or decree. For a basin that has not been adjudicated, information as to whether the department has identified the basin as a high- or medium-priority basin in the most current official departmental bulletin that characterizes the condition of the groundwater basin, and a detailed description of the efforts being undertaken by the urban water supplier to coordinate with groundwater sustainability agencies or groundwater management agencies listed in subdivision (c) of Section 10723 to maintain or achieve sustainable groundwater conditions in accordance with a groundwater sustainability plan or alternative adopted pursuant to Part
2.74 (commencing with Section 10720).
(C) A detailed description and analysis of the location, amount, and sufficiency of groundwater pumped by the urban water supplier for the past five years. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historic use records. (D) A detailed description and analysis of the amount and location of groundwater that is projected to be pumped by the urban water supplier. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historic use records.
The most recent version of California Water Plan Update was released in 2023, and it documents the Department of Water Resources dividing the state into ten separate hydrologic regions. Each hydrologic region is divided into distinct groundwater basins, each of which is typically divided further into smaller interconnected groundwater subbasins.
The following section summarizes the groundwater basin and subbasins underlying the City of Gilroy which is within the Central Coast Hydrologic Region.
6.2.1 Basin Description
California Water Code
10631 (b)(4) If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water available to the supplier, the following information shall be included:
(B) A description of any groundwater basin or basins from which the urban water supplier pumps groundwater.
This section provides a brief discussion of the groundwater basin, basin boundary and groundwater quality.
6.2.1.1 Groundwater Basin
The City extracts water from the following groundwater subbasin shown on Figure 6-1:
• Llagas Subbasin: The Llagas subbasin of the Gilroy-Hollister Groundwater Basin (Subbasin 3-003.01)
Morgan Hill
Watsonville
Gilroy
Union Pacific Railroad
101
101
101
101
152
152
25 152
129
129 129
1 152
Calero
Reservoir
Anderson
Reservoir
Coyote
Reservoir
Uvas
Reservoir
Figure 6-1
Groundwater Subbasins
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Gilroy
Updated: February 10, 2026
GIS
0 0.5 1 2
Miles
Legend
Groundwater Subbasins
DWR Subbasins
Santa Clara (2-9.02)
Llagas (3-3.01)
Pajaro Valley (3-02)
Bolsa Area (3-03.02)
Hollister Area (3-03.03)
San Juan Bautista Area (3-03.04)
Santa Cruz Purisima Formation (3-21)
Hydrographic Units
Coyote Valley Recharge Area
Llagas Recharge Area
Llagas Confined Area
Bedrock
Approximate Extent of Confined Area
City Limits
Flie Path: P:\xGIS\GIS_Projects\Gilroy\Water\260210-2025_UWMP\GL_Fig6-1_GroundWaterBasins_021026.aprx
PRELIMINARY
May 2026 6-4 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
The subbasin and subarea divisions help better define the aquifer below the City. This subbasin helps filter, transmit, and store water and can also be further defined by the aquifer characteristics, such as confinement and soil properties.
The Llagas subbasin is monitored and addressed by Valley Water. The November 2025 Groundwater Condition Report from Valley Water indicates that groundwater levels in index wells during October 2025 was 15 feet lower than October 2024 levels. The report also states that groundwater pumping in September 2020 was 100% of the five-year average. In contrast, managed recharge in October 2025 reached 114% of the five-year average across Llagas Subbasin.
6.2.1.2 Basin Boundaries
The Llagas Subbasin, located in the southern portion of Santa Clara County, is the subbasin to which the City of Gilroy is located within. It approximately begins at Cochrane Road near the City of Morgan Hill and reaches south to the Santa Clara-San Benito County line. The flow in the Llagas Subbasin is generally to the southeast toward the Pajaro River. The Llagas Subbasin is 15 miles long, 3 miles wide along with the northern bounds, and tapers out to approximately 6 miles along the Pajaro River boundary. The subbasin has recharge area, and confined and unconfined portions within its boundary. An unconfined aquifer has direct contact with the atmosphere through permeable soil, meaning its upper boundary is the water table. A confined aquifer is sandwiched between impermeable rock or clay layers, trapping the water under pressure so that the water level in a well rises above the top of the aquifer. At approximately 74 square miles, the confined area protrudes to the north from the Pajaro River, with a thick clay layer binding the subbasin to approximately Church Creek. The extreme east-west portions, as well as north of Church Creek, are generally categorized as the unconfined portion of the Llagas Subbasin.
6.2.1.3 Groundwater Quality
Drinking water standards follow Title 22 as set forth by the State of California Code of Regulations, in conjunction with the Environmental Protection Agency, to monitor the quality of potable water. The City currently monitors its supply wells and the Vally Water monitors groundwater in Santa Clara County.
According to the Valley Water 2024 Annual Groundwater Report, the quality of the South County groundwater, which includes the Llagas Subbasin, is generally of high quality. The District reports median nitrate levels for the Llagas Subbasin groundwater as 5.2 mg/L. Valley Water reports median total dissolved solid levels for the Llagas Subbasin groundwater as 407 mg/L.
One of the primary contaminants of note in the City is perchlorate, originally identified in the 2010 UWMP. The primary source of perchlorate contamination was identified as the Olin Chemical Corporation highway safety flare plant. At one point, the plume of perchlorate in groundwater was nearly ten miles long but has been getting smaller and approximately extends from Tennant Avenue to the San Martin Airport, according to previous studies prepared by Valley Water.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
6.2.2 Groundwater Management
California Water Code
10631 (b)(4) If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water available to the supplier, the following information shall be included:
(A) The current version of any groundwater sustainability plan or alternative adopted pursuant to Part 2.74 (commencing with Section 10720), any groundwater management plan adopted by the urban water supplier, including plans adopted pursuant to Part 2.75 (commencing with Section 10750), or any other specific authorization for groundwater management for basins underlying the urban water supplier’s service area.
(C) A detailed description and analysis of the location, amount, and sufficiency of groundwater pumped by the urban water supplier for the past five years. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historic use records. (D) A detailed description and analysis of the amount and location of groundwater that is projected to be pumped by the urban water supplier. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historic use records.
This section documents relevant plans addressing groundwater supply and quality.
6.2.2.1 Groundwater Management Plan
Valley Water prepared a Groundwater Management Plan report published in 2021 (2021 GMP) as an alternative to the Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP). The 2021 GMP delineates the role of Valley Water as groundwater managers within the County, as well as provides details of the basins to which the District maintains. The following are excerpts taken from the Executive Summary section of the 2021 GMP. It should be noted that Valley Water was previously known as Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD), which is reflected in the excerpts below.
Nearly half of the water used in Santa Clara County (county) is pumped from the Santa Clara and Llagas subbasins, with some communities relying solely on groundwater. For over 90 years, the Santa Clara Valley Water District (District) has managed groundwater in the county per statutory authority provided by the Santa Clara Valley Water District Act (District Act). The District’s comprehensive groundwater management programs and investments have resulted in sustainable groundwater conditions for many decades, and will ensure groundwater resources are sustainable far into the future.
This 2021 Groundwater Management Plan (GWMP) describes the Valley Water’s comprehensive groundwater management framework, including existing and potential actions to achieve basin sustainability goals and ensure continued sustainable groundwater management. The GWMP covers the Santa Clara and Llagas subbasins, located entirely in Santa Clara County and identified by the Department of Water Resources (DWR) as Basins 2‐9.02 and 3‐3.01, respectively.
This 2021 GWMP is prepared pursuant to authority granted by the District Act and supersedes all previous Groundwater Management Plans. The 2021 GWMP also satisfies the objectives of the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA).
SGMA was enacted by the state legislature in 2014, and subsequent Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) Emergency Regulations have resulted in statewide requirements
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
for basins designated as medium and high priority basins by DWR. In the basins designated by DWR as medium and high priority, local public agencies and Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSAs) are required to develop and implement GSPs or alternatives to GSPs (Alternative Plans). DWR has identified the Santa Clara and Llagas subbasins as high‐priority basins and are not critically overdrafted basins.
Prior to the statutory deadline of January 1, 2017, Valley Water submitted the 2016 GWMP for both the Santa Clara and Llagas subbasins to DWR as an Alternative Plan. The 2016 GWMP updated technical information from Valley Water’s 2012 GWMP with information functionally equivalent to elements required by Articles 5 and 7 of the GSP Emergency Regulations. The 2016 GWMP met the requirements of California Water Code (Water Code) Section 10733.6, which allows for an Alternative Plan to be submitted to DWR. The 2016 GWMP, prepared pursuant to the District Act, qualified as an Alternative Plan per Water Code Section 10733.6(b)(1), which states that an Alternative Plan can be a plan developed pursuant to other law authorizing groundwater management. This 2021 GWMP is also prepared pursuant to the District Act.
6.2.2.2 Integrated Water Resource Plan
The objective of the Integrated Water Resource Plan (IWRP) is to develop a comprehensive and flexible water supply plan for the County through the year 2040. The IWRP incorporates community input and is capable of responding to changing water supply and demand conditions.
The IWRP Preferred Strategy aims to maximize the Districts flexibility to meet actual water demands, and where they match water projections. It relies on practices, such as water banking, recycled water, demand management, and water transfers. It further relies on “core elements” designed to validate baseline planning assumptions, monitor or evaluate resource options, and help meet planning objectives.
6.2.3 Overdraft Conditions
The Santa Clara Valley Groundwater Basin is not an adjudicated groundwater basin. According to the DWR 2016 updated Bulletin 118, the Santa Clara Valley Groundwater Basin and GilroyHollister Valley Groundwater Basin are not in a condition of overdraft. In order to reduce the risk of groundwater basin overdraft, a recharge system has been developed by Valley Water.
6.2.4 Past Five Years Groundwater Pumping
There are currently 9 existing municipal groundwater wells located throughout the City, as shown on Figure 6-2. The combined supply capacity for these wells is approximately 18.8 mgd. The City’s supply firm capacity, designated as the total capacity when the largest unit is out of service, is approximately 15.5 mgd. The volume of groundwater pumped by the City over the past five years is summarized in Table 6-1.
101
101
152
152
Sunrise Dr
Church St
Kern Ave
Wren Ave
Welburn Ave
Third St
Second St
Miller Ave
Princevalle St
Sixth St
Tenth St
Uvas Park Dr
Murray Ave
Camino Arroyo
Renz Ln
Old Gilroy St
Lewis St
Golden Gate Ave
Buena Vista Ave
Marcella Ave
Leavesley Rd
San Ysidro Ave
Arroyo Cir
Frazier Lake Rd
Monterey St
Southside Dr
Santa Teresa Blvd
Castro Valley Rd
Eagle Ridge Dr
Club Dr
Burchell Rd
Day Rd
Mantelli Dr
Llagas Creek
Uvas Creek
Llagas Creek
Miller Slough
Llagas Creek
Uvas Creek
Uvas Creek
Santa Teresa Blvd Santa Teresa Blvd
Monterey St
Well No. 5
Well No. 7
Well No. 1
Well No. 2
Well No. 4
Well No. 6
Well No. 8
Well No. 8A
Well No. 3
Figure 6-2
Existing Groundwater
Well Locations
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Gilroy
Updated: February 10, 2026
GIS
0 0.25 0.5 1
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Groundwater Wells
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PRELIMINARY
May 2026 6-8 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Submittal Table 6-1 Retail: Groundwater Volume Pumped
Water Code Section 10631(4) and 10631(4)(c)
6.3 SURFACE WATER
At the time of preparation of the 2025 UWMP, the City does not use surface water as part of its water supply.
6.4 STORMWATER
At the time of preparation of the 2025 UWMP, the City does not use stormwater as part of its water supply.
6.5 WASTEWATER AND RECYCLED WATER
This section discusses recycled water coordination with Valley Water, wastewater collection, treatment and disposal, the recycled water system in south county and current, potential and projected recycled water uses within the system service area.
California Water Code
10633R The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water and its potential for use as a water source in the service area of the urban water supplier. The preparation of the plan shall be coordinated with local water, wastewater, groundwater, and planning agencies that operate within the supplier’s service area.
6.5.1 Recycled Water Coordination
In 1977, Valley Water, the City, and Gavilan Water Conservation District embarked on a partnership to construct and operate a recycled water system extending from the South County Regional Wastewater Authority (SCRWA) Wastewater Treatment Plant in southeast Gilroy to customers in the City of Gilroy.
In 1999, a joint partnership between SCRWA, Valley Water, and the cities of Morgan Hill and Gilroy sought to develop a recycled water system that would enhance the wastewater treatment plant and the recycled water distribution system. Under this agreement, SCRWA would serve as 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Alluvial Basin Gilroy-Hollister Groundwater
Basin, Llagas Subbasin 7,069 7,412 7,375 7,847 7,913
Total 7,069 7,412 7,375 7,847 7,913
Groundwater Type Location or Basin Name
May 2026 6-9 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
the provider, Valley Water as the wholesaler, and Gilroy as a retailer. This agreement would serve as a benchmark to expand the recycled water system, and set future goals for further expansion.
According to the 2015 South County Recycled Water Master Plan Update, as of September 2015, the existing recycled water system was providing recycled water to 12 locations throughout the southern portion of the City. 2024 South County Recycled Water Master Plan Update was adopted in May 2024, which is discussed in a later section.
6.5.2 Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal
This section describes wastewater collection and disposal.
6.5.2.1 Wastewater Collected Within Service Area
The City operates a wastewater collection system that collects wastewater within the City’s service area and transports it to the South County Regional Wastewater Authority (SCRWA) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Based on reports prepared by SCRWA, the City collected a total wastewater volume of more than 4,362 AF in 2025 (Table 6-2).
Submittal Table 6-2 Retail: Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2025 Water Code Section 10633(a)
6.5.2.2 Wastewater Treatment and Discharge Within Service Area SCRWA currently operates and maintains the regional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) south of the City under an agreement with Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc, and treats an average dry weather flow of approximately 6.5 million gallons per day (mgd). SCRWA also updated its facilities to increase the recycled water production capacity from 3 mgd to 9 mgd. The total wastewater treated and discharged within the City’s service area is summarized in Table 6-3.
Name of
Wastewater
Collection Agency
Wastewater
Volume
Metered or
Estimated?
Volume of
Wastewater
Collected from
UWMP Service
Area 2025
Name of Wastewater
Treatment Plant (WWTP)
and Place ID Number
Is WWTP
Located Within
UWMP Area?
City of Gilroy Metered 4,362
SCRWA Reclamation Facility,
Use Areas, Place ID 256038 Yes
4,362
Wastewater Collection Recipient of Collected Wastewater Total Wastewater Received from
UWMP Service Area in 2025: Page 659 of 896
May 2026 6-10 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Submittal Table 6-3 Retail: Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area in 2025 Water Code Section 10633(a)
Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
SCRWA Reclamation
Facility, Use Areas,
Place ID 256038
Yes 4,362 7,210 Tertiary 572 Tertiary 634
Secondary,
Disinfected -
23 6,005
4,362 7,210 572 634 6,005 0 0
Water Recycled Outside
of UWMP Service Area
(enter data as applicable)
Effluent Discharge that
is not a Permitted
Recycled Water Use
(enter data as applicable)
Required Discharge for
Instream Flow
(enter data as applicable)
Delivered to Another Entity for Additional
Treatment
(enter data as applicable)
2025 Outcomes of Treated Wastewater
Does This
Plant Treat
Wastewater
Generated
Outside the
UWMP Service
Area?
(OPTIONAL)
Wastewater
Treatment Plant
Name and Place ID
Number
Treatment
Level
Treatment
Level
Treatment
Level
Treatment
Level
Treatment
Level
Name of other
entity
Total 2025
Volume of
Water
Treated
Total
2025 Volume
of Wastewater
Received from
UWMP
Service Area
(As Reported
in Submittal
Table 6-2 R )
Water Recycled Within
UWMP Service Area
(enter data as applicable)
May 2026 6-11 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
As demand for recycled water continues to increase, SCRWA intends to increase capacity to accommodate these flows. It is important to note that recycled water production is limited by the amount of wastewater influent to SCRWA. Currently, SCRWA and Valley Water plan to recycle all wastewater flows coming into the plant.
6.5.3 Recycled Water System
The South County Recycled Water System was initially constructed in 1977. In 1999 the system was improved, and recycled water had been delivered to the City of Gilroy and adjacent area outside the City. Today the recycled water system only serves users in the City of Gilroy service area.
The existing recycled water distribution system consists of more than 15 miles of 8-inch to 36-inch diameter pipelines extending from the SCRWA WWTP to the western edge of the City along Hecker Pass Road. The system is comprised of two primary distribution systems, the North System and South System, which operate independently of each other.
6.5.4 Current, Potential, and Projected Recycled Water Uses This section documents the description of the quantity of current, potential and projected recycled water uses within their service area. In addition to California Water Code 10633 (b), (d) and (e), California Code of Regulations below provides the definition of the term direct beneficial use.
California Water Code
10633 (b) A description of the quantity of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, is being discharged, and is otherwise available for use in a recycled water project. 10633 (d) A description and quantification of the potential uses of recycled water, including, but not limited to, agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation, wildlife habitat enhancement, wetlands, industrial reuse, groundwater recharge, indirect potable reuse, and other appropriate uses, and a determination with regard to the technical and economic feasibility of serving those uses. 10633 (e) The projected use of recycled water within the supplier’s service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and a description of the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected pursuant to this subdivision.
6.5.4.1 Current and Planned Uses of Recycled Water
In March 2016, the Recycled Water Feasibility Evaluation (RWFE) was prepared as part of the 2015 South County Recycled Water Master Plan Update (2015 South County RWMP). The RWFE identified potential recycled water users through a market assessment, which identified potential future uses of recycled water in the City such as landscape irrigation, agricultural irrigation, industrial processes and potable reuse. Figure 6-3 and Figure 6-4 show the existing and future recycled water system within the service area, respectively.
In October 2020, Valley Water published the Final Draft Countywide Water Reuse Master Plan (CoRe Plan). This report is intended to identify opportunities to expand water reuse throughout
152 152 152
152
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Thomas Rd
Luchessa Ave
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101
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Southside Dr
Engle Way
Mesa Rd
Monterey Rd
Santa Teresa Blvd
8th St
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Monterey Rd
Gilman Rd
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Mantelli Dr
Mantelli Dr
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Murray Ave
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Santa Teresa Blvd
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Sheldon
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Hoylake Tank
1.5 MG
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Pump Station
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WWTP
Booster Station
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Existing Features
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File Path: P:\xGIS\GIS_Projects\Gilroy\Water\260210-2025_UWMP\GL_Fig6-3_ExistingRWSystem_021026.aprx Figure 6-3
Existing Recycled Water
System
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Gilroy
PRELIMINARY
152 152 152
152
152
152
Santa Teresa Blvd
Thomas Rd
Luchessa Ave
101
101
25 Bloomfield Ave
Carnadero Ave
Southside Dr
Engle Way
Mesa Rd
Monterey Rd
Santa Teresa Blvd
8th St
Miller Ave
Wren Ave
Monterey Rd
Gilman Rd
6th St
1st St
3rd St
12 Sunflower Cir
1st St
Kern Ave
Mantelli Dr
Mantelli Dr
Mantelli Dr
Murray Ave
Welburn Ave Church St
Santa Teresa Blvd
Arroyo Cir
10TH St
Church St
Princevalle St
6th St
6th St
5th St
4th St
2nd St
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Hanna St
7th St
Orchard Dr
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Bolsa Rd
WWTP
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12 12
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30 20
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Christmas Hill
Pump Station
30 30
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Legend
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Planned Baseline System
Existing System
WWTP
Booster Station
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Pipelines
Existing Features
Rivers
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Updated: February 10, 2026
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Future Recycled Water
System
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
City of Gilroy
PRELIMINARY
May 2026 6-14 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Valley Water’s service area, including the City of Gilroy. The expansion of water reuse will thus increase water supply reliability and water supply self-reliance within the County.
The CoRe Plan accounts for up to 3.3 mgd of recycled water use within the City’s service area by the year 2045. This recycled water use volume is based on estimates originally prepared as part of the 2015 South County RWMP. The CoRe Plan indicates that the feasibility of recycled water deliveries within the City’s service area increases when considered in the context of an integrated countywide plan. The CoRe Plan identified three opportunities for water reuse related to the City of Gilroy, which are briefly described as follows:
• Opportunity 1 – Surface Water Augmentation (SWA)
This option includes recharging the Llagas subbasin with water supplies provided by Valley Water, which would be delivered to ponds within the City’s service area. In exchange for these water supplies, the City would deliver purified water, produced from an AWPF at SCRWA (Gilroy), that would be delivered to the Valley Water Coyote Reservoir north of the City’s service area.
• Opportunity 2 – Raw Water Augmentation (RWA)
Pump purified water from an AWPF at SCRWA (Gilroy) to Pacheco Conduit for RWA at two WTPs. In exchange for these supplies, the Valley Water will recharge Llagas Subbasin with equal volume of raw water from Santa Clara Conduit. • Opportunity 3 – Treated Water Augmentation (TWA)
Deliver purified water from an AWPF at SCRWA to engineered storage, then into Gilroy’s potable water distribution system.
It should be noted that all of the above potential future south county reuse opportunities do not have a specified capital cost estimates and the volume of recycled water direct beneficial uses under each use type within service area is documented on Table 6-4. It should also be noted that the City staff is continuing to look at other conceptual alternatives, including the use of recycled water from SCRWA to support increased water supply resiliency. Newer technologies related to treated water augmentation may bring additional options for the City in the future.
May 2026 6-15 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Submittal Table 6-4 Retail: Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area Water Code Section 10633 (c)(e)
Later in May 2024, Valley Water published the latest South County Recycled Water Master Plan Update (2024 SCRWMP). This study provides an updated distribution system capacity evaluation to the 2015 South County Recycled Water Master Plan, accounting for recent pipeline construction, change in customer usage, and the operation at the Wastewater Treatment Plant during peak usage and the high demand season. The 2024 SCRWMP summarizes recommended improvements and system operations for Gilroy to mitigate existing capacity deficiencies and accommodate future system expansion within the City, along with the most updated information from the City staff during the preparation of this report. • Constructed but Inactive Improvements: there is approximately 13,650 feet of 30-inch main that can be activated once the remaining baseline system improvements in Zone 1 are constructed.
• Recently Constructed Improvements: two segments of 30-inch pipelines (3,380 and 10,270 feet in length).
• In Construction: an 18-inch pipeline project (2,450 feet in length, Section P-3 from 2024 SCRWMP) is in construction.
• Near-Term Improvements: a segment of 30-inch pipelines (715 feet in length).
Additionally, there are recycled water reservoir expansion, pump station and on-site pipelines improvement at the WWTP.
• Long-Term Improvements (Conceptual): two segments of 24-inch pipelines (4,250 and 1,620 feet in length), and two sets of 18-inch pipelines (3,700 and 3,230 feet in length).
Additionally, 3 pump station upgrades and a new storage reservoir are mentioned for the long-term improvement.
• Operational Improvements: Christmas Hill pump station operates at a reduced flow to maintain adequate suction pressures. With the activation of and construction of the recently constructed and near-term pipelines, the Christmas Hill pump station will be able to pump at its design capacity.
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) Volume Narrative page
number (OPTIONAL)
Agricultural irrigation 289 362 447 532 617 617
Landscape irrigation (exc golf courses) 91 114 141 168 195 195 Golf course irrigation 722 903 1,116 1,329 1,539 1,539
Industrial use 103 128 159 189 219 219
Total 1,205 1,507 1,864 2,218 2,570 2,570 0 0
Use Type
Potential Recycled Water Use
May 2026 6-16 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
6.5.4.2 Planned Versus Actual Use of Recycled Water
The City currently provides recycled water within its service area, as documented in Table 6-5.
Submittal Table 6-5 Retail: 2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual
Water Code Section 10633 (e)
6.5.4.3 Actions to Encourage and Optimize Future Recycled Water Use Table 6-6 summarizes the method expected to be implemented by the City to encourage future recycled water use; the method identified are consistent with the 2020 UWMP. As part of the 2025 UWMP, the expected increase in recycled water demand due to the expansion methods must be estimated. For planning purposes, it is expected that the methods identified will account for the increase in recycled water use by the year 2035.
Submittal Table 6-6 Retail: Methods to Encourage Future Recycled Water Use Water Code Section 10633 (f)
6.6 DESALINATED WATER OPPORTUNITIES
California Water Code
10631 (g) Describe the opportunities for development of desalinated water, including, but not limited to, ocean water, brackish water, and groundwater, as a long-term supply. 2020 Projection
for 2025
2025 Actual
Use
(AF) (AF)
402 289
127 91
1,002 722
142 103
1,673 1,205
Industrial use
Agricultural irrigation
Total
Use Type
Landscape irrigation (exc golf courses)
Golf course irrigation
Expected Increase in
Recycled Water Use
(AF)
Financial Incentives Financial incentives applied to recycled water 1,365 1,365
1,365
Total
Name of Action Description
Unit Conversion to AF
Planned
Implementation
Year
2025-2045
May 2026 6-17 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
The City intends to continue to collaborate and partner with Valley Water on potential opportunities related to water supply and groundwater. Valley Water is actively exploring a potential seawater desalination plant in the South Bay, having completed an initial Environmental Feasibility Study in 2023. The current, early-stage plan focuses on a plant designed to produce 10 million gallons per day (MGD) to boost water supplies, with studies analyzing environmental, regulatory, and cost impacts. Valley Water’s ongoing analysis has found that desalination may be an expensive, energy intensive and environmentally challenging option at this time. However, Valley Water will keep desalination as a tool to pursue if and when it becomes more feasible. In the meantime, Valley Water is actively pursuing a program to bolster drinking water supplies:
advanced purification of treated wastewater, which has proven be more cost-effective than desalination.
6.7 WATER EXCHANGES AND TRANSFERS
California Water Code
10631 (c) Describe the opportunities for exchanges or transfers of water on a short-term or longterm basis.
There are currently no known exchanges, transfers, or interties that exist between the City and any other water system.
6.8 FUTURE WATER PROJECTS
California Water Code
10631 (f) Include a description of all water supply projects and water supply programs that may be undertaken by the urban water supplier to meet the total projected water use, as established pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10635. The urban water supplier shall include a detailed description of expected future projects and programs that the urban water supplier may implement to increase the amount of the water supply available to the urban water supplier in normal and single dry water years and for a period of drought lasting five consecutive water years. The description shall identify specific projects and include a description of the increase in water supply that is expected to be available from each project. The description shall include an estimate with regard to the implementation timeline for each project or program.
As discussed in previous sections, the City’s sole source of potable water is groundwater. As such, the only method available to provide additional capacity for growing demand is the construction of new wells, and there are no additional types of imminent water projects the City plans to implement, as indicated on Table 6-7.
According to 2023 Water System Master Plan, the City’s total capacity is approximately 18.8 mgd.
The firm capacity, calculated as the total capacity excluding the largest well (Well No.3), is approximately 15.5 mgd. The existing firm capacity is capable of meeting the City’s current demands and no imminent water supply projects are planned currently. However, as the City continues to grow, additional groundwater wells will be constructed as needed.
May 2026 6-18 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Submittal Table 6-7 Retail: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs Water Code Section 10631 (f)
6.9 SUMMARY OF EXISTING AND PLANNED SOURCES OF WATER
The City’s groundwater supply has historically been adequate to meet the City’s water demands.
Table 6-8 on the following page summarizes the total volume of groundwater pumped in 2025.
However, the City’s groundwater supply sustainability is dependent on raw water deliveries negotiated and imported by Santa Clara Valley Water District to the Llagas subbasin. These deliveries are intended to recharge the groundwater aquifers.
Submittal Table 6-8 Retail: Water Supplies — 2025 Actual Water Code Section 10631 (b)
The City intends to continue to use groundwater as the sole source of potable water supply. Table 6-9 summarizes the total projected water supply available through 2050. In Gilroy’s 2023 Water System Master Plan update, three new groundwater wells are recommended to meet city (AF)
Planned for Use
in Year Type
Check the box if some or all of the supplier's future water supply projects or programs are not compatible with this table and are described in a narrative format.
Check the box if there are no expected future water supply projects or programs that provide a quantifiable increase to the agency's water supply.
Procees to the next table.
Planned
Implementation
Year
Joint Project with other
suppliers? Expected
Increase in
Water Supply
to Supplier
(This may be a
range)
Provide page location of narrative in the UWMP
Name of Future
Projects or Programs Drop Down
List
(yes/no)
If Yes, Supplier Name
Additional Description
(as needed)
Water Type
(after treatment
if treated)
(OPTIONAL)
Actual Volume
(AF)
Groundwater (not desalinated) Potable 7,913
Recycled Water Non-Potable 1,205
7,913
1,205
Total 9,118
Subtotal Potable
Subtotal Non-Potable
Water Type
(after treatment if
treated)
(OPTIONAL)
Water Supply
2025
May 2026 6-19 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
performance and design criteria (4,500 afy total capacity). The first, second and third new well are recommended to be operational by year 2033, 2041 and 2048, respectively. The projected water supply capacity in this report is calculated from the annual natural recharge at Llagas subbasins.
Submittal Table 6-9 Retail: Water Supplies — Projected
Water Code Section 10631 (b)
6.10 CLIMATE CHANGE CONSIDERATIONS
Ongoing impacts of climate change not only influence demand throughout the City’s service area but also affect Valley Water’s role as the local Groundwater Sustainability Agency for Santa Clara County, which includes the City’s service area. While the City currently uses groundwater as its sole source of supply, Valley Water’s complete supply portfolio includes multiple sources such as groundwater, surface water, imported water, exchanges, and recycled water. The following section summarizes the water supply impacts documented in the Valley Water 2020 UWMP, which have a direct or indirect effect on the City’s groundwater supplies. • Decreases in the quantity of imported water supplies. Potential reductions in imported water allocations or winter runoff volumes due to lower snowpack levels may decrease the amount of water available for import.
• Decreases in the ability to utilize local surface water supplies. Changes in the timing and intensity of rainfall and runoff may change the ability of Valley Water to capture and use local surface water.
• Increases in irrigation and cooling water demands. Higher temperatures will increase irrigation demands for agricultural, residential, and non-residential uses. 2035 2040 2045 2050 (opt)
Reasonably
Available
Volume
Reasonably
Available
Volume
Reasonably
Available
Volume
Reasonably
Available
Volume
Reasonably
Available
Volume
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Groundwater (not
desalinated) Potable 9,991 9,969 10,496 11,314 11,910
Recycled Water Non-Potable 1,507 1,864 2,218 2,570 2,570 11,498 11,833 12,714 13,884 14,480
Projected Water Supply (Report to the Extent Practicable) Total
2030 Additional
Detail on
Water
Supply
Water Type
(after treatment
if treated)
(OPTIONAL)
Water Supply
May 2026 6-20 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
• Decreases in water quality. Increases in algal blooms, turbidity, or salinity in water supplies due to changes in temperature, wildfire occurrence, or flow patterns will potentially reduce the quality of various water supplies. • Increases in the severity and duration of droughts. A combination of increased demands and reduced supplies during dry years will require proactive water supply planning by Valley Water, which may include the implementation of demand management measures of additional supplies.
The above conditions will challenge the water resource management efforts of the City and Valley Water. The City will continue to rely on the climate change impact planning efforts being coordinated by Valley Water, which will evaluate the overall water supply portfolio and not just the City’s groundwater basins. Valley Water is currently analyzing climate impacts on existing and future water supply and preparing a climate change study.
6.11 ENERGY INTENSITY
California Water Code
10631.2.(a) In addition to the requirements of Section 10631, an urban water management plan shall include any of the following information that the urban water supplier can readily obtain:
(1) An estimate of the amount of energy used to extract or divert water supplies. (2) An estimate of the amount of energy used to convey water supplies to the water treatment plants or distribution systems.
(3) An estimate of the amount of energy used to treat water supplies. (4) An estimate of the amount of energy used to distribute water supplies through its distribution systems. (5) An estimate of the amount of energy used for treated water supplies in comparison to the amount used for nontreated water supplies.
(6) An estimate of the amount of energy used to place water into or withdraw from storage. (7) Any other energy-related information the urban water supplier deems appropriate.
As part of the 2025 UWMP update, California Water Code requires a general estimate of the amount of energy used to extract and convey water supplies. Due to the limitation of available utility bills or other energy use data, the City’s energy intensity is estimated based on well and booster station pump horsepower and estimated annual runtimes. The City’s estimated energy intensity is reported in Appendix B as part of the DWR standardized tables.
6.12 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY
This chapter included the following submittal table(s):
• Table 6-1: Groundwater Volume Pumped
• Table 6-2: Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2025 • Table 6-3: Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area in 2025 • Table 6-4: Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area • Table 6-5: 2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual
May 2026 6-21 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
• Table 6-6: Methods to Encourage Future Recycled Water Use • Table 6-7: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs • Table 6-8: Water Supplies- 2025 Actual
• Table 6-9: Water Supplies-Projected
May 2026 7-1 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
202City of 5Gilroy
7.0 CHAPTER 7 – WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT
This chapter assesses the reliability of the City’s water supply under normal conditions, singleyear dry conditions, and consecutive five-year dry conditions. The assessment includes a comparison of water use versus expected water supply through 2050, and includes the Drought Risk Assessment.
7.1 CONSTRAINTS ON WATER SOURCES CONSIDERATIONS
California Water Code
10631 (b)(1) A detailed discussion of anticipated supply availability under a normal water year, single dry year, and droughts lasting at least five years, as well as more frequent and severe periods of drought, as described in the drought risk assessment. For each source of water supply, consider any information pertinent to the reliability analysis conducted pursuant to Section 10635, including changes in supply due to climate change. 10634 The plan shall include information, to the extent practicable, relating to the quality of existing sources of water available to the supplier over the same five-year increments as described in subdivision (a) of Section 10631, and the manner in which water quality affects water management strategies and supply reliability.
As discussed in previous sections, groundwater is the City’s sole existing and planned water supply source. The potential constraints affecting the City’s water supply are summarized below.
Chapter Focus
This chapter focuses on integrating the City’s water supply portfolio with its water use characterization. This integration brings together the UWMP elements into a succinct synopsis that depicts the City’s water service reliability. The reliability assessments highlight the incongruencies, if any, between the City’s water supplies and customer’s water demands, and influence the development of the City’s DRA described in this chapter and the WSCP described in a later chapter.
The DRA is a specific planning action that assumes the City is experiencing a drought over the next five years and addresses the City’s reliability in the context of presumed drought conditions.
Together, the WSRA, DRA, and WSCP allow the City to have a comprehensive picture of its short-term and long-term water service reliability and to identify the tools to address any perceived or actual shortage conditions.
May 2026 7-2 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
7.1.1 Legal Factors
The City’s only source of supply is groundwater extracted from the Llagas subbasin of the GilroyHollister Groundwater Basin, which is part of the Santa Clara Valley Groundwater Basin. These groundwater basins and subbasins are not adjudicated, and no current legal constraints are expected to limit the availability of groundwater supply.
7.1.2 Environmental Factors
Environmental concerns may arise during the water planning process when a project’s potential impacts on the ecosystem are considered. Such concerns can lead to supply limitations through the enforcement of environmental regulations. However, the City’s groundwater sources are not expected to be limited by any environmental factors.
7.1.3 Water Quality Factors
Water quality factors that could affect supply availability include contamination from biological or chemical constituents. The primary water quality concerns that could potentially affect the City are perchlorate and nitrate. To estimate the potential impact of water quality contamination on supply, the analysis assumes that the highest capacity well would be unavailable for use. Under this assumption, the City’s supply capacity would be reduced by approximately 3,707 acre-feet per year (AFY).
7.1.4 Climatic Factors
Groundwater levels in the Llagas subbasin fluctuate in response to rainfall, leading to variability in water levels during periods of above- or below-average precipitation. Inconsistent water levels during drought conditions may affect the City’s water supply availability. To mitigate these impacts, Valley Water, in coordination with the City and other member agencies, has implemented a series of measures designed to reduce the effects of drought and other climate-related factors on the water supply. These measures are summarized below. Additional considerations regarding the potential impacts of climate change on the City’s water supply and demand are discussed in previous sections.
• Groundwater Recharge System: To maintain groundwater levels, Valley Water imports raw water and operates a managed recharge system. This facility-based recharge system contributes a portion of the total groundwater recharge within the basins overseen by Valley Water.
• Imported Water Connections: Valley Water provides water for recharge using supplies from the State Water Project and the federal Central Valley Project. Drought and other climate-related factors may reduce the volume of water available through these imported sources.
May 2026 7-3 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
7.2 WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT
California Water Code
10635 (a) Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years. This water supply and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the long-term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state, regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.
7.2.1 WSRA Year-Type Characterization
This section outlines the annual water supply year-types, and the data sources used to evaluate supply.
Types of Years
This section discusses the types of years considered in the evaluation of water supply reliability, summarized in Table 7-1 on the following page. The conditions are as follows:
• Normal Year – The normal year, as
it pertains to supply, is based on an
averaged range of hydrologic years
representing the historical median
runoff (1922-2025).
• Single Dry Year – The single dry
year, as it pertains to water supply,
is defined as the year that
represents the lowest historical
water supply availability (1977).
• Five-Consecutive-Year Drought –
Multiple dry years can significantly impact the water supply system by reducing local and statewide reservoir levels and lowering groundwater levels. Available supply under these conditions is based on the minimum historical yields calculated as a five-year running average. The five-consecutive-year drought, as it pertains to water supply, is defined as the period of the driest five-year historical water supply availability (1988-1992).
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Submittal Table 7-1 Retail: Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) Sources for Water Data
Historical rainfall data sources listed in the DWR guidebook, including the National Weather Service website operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) website, and the Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC) website, were consulted and analyzed to establish the basis for a normal year, a single dry year, and a five-consecutive-year drought for the City.
The groundwater data was obtained from the Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD) Groundwater Sustainability Plan.
7.2.2 WSRA Supply and Demand Comparison
During extended drought periods, city-wide water use patterns are expected to change. Outdoor water use may initially increase as irrigation compensates for reduced rainfall; however, these potential increases can be partially mitigated through enhanced water conservation measures.
In accordance with California Water Code Section 10635(a), urban water suppliers must evaluate the reliability of their water service by comparing available water supplies with projected water Average Year 1922-2025 100%
Single-Dry Year 1977 78%
Consecutive Dry Years 1st Year 1988 84%
Consecutive Dry Years 2nd Year 1989 87%
Consecutive Dry Years 3rd Year 1990 92%
Consecutive Dry Years 4th Year 1991 106%
Consecutive Dry Years 5th Year 1992 110%
9,712
9,993
10,541
12,200
12,649
NOTES:
1. Volumes available are based on supplies anticipated to be available in 2030. Supply availability will vary with the demand year. % of Average Supply
(AF)
Available Supplies if
Year Type Repeats
Check the box if quantification of available supplies
is not compatible with this table and is provided
elsewhere in the UWMP.
Location: [insert location from UWMP]
Volume Available
Quantification of available supplies is provided in this table as either volume only, percent only, or both.
11,498
8,943
Year Type
Base Year
If not using a
calendar year, type
in the last year of
the fiscal, water
year, or range of
years, for example,
water year 2024-
2025, use 2025
May 2026 7-5 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
demands over a 20-year planning horizon in five-year increments. This assessment considers water supply availability under three hydrologic conditions: a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive dry years.
The water supply available to the City under different hydrologic conditions is summarized in Table 7-1. Normal-year supply is based on estimated natural groundwater recharge for the Llagas Subbasin, as documented in the Valley Water 2021 Groundwater Management Plan. For conservative planning, percentages of normal-year supply are applied to estimate available supply during single-dry and multiple-dry water years.
7.2.2.1 Supply and Demand Comparisons – Normal Year
Under normal-year conditions, the estimated groundwater recharge from the subbasins is assumed to meet the City’s projected water demand over the planning horizon. Table 7-2 shows the normal-year supply and use comparison, while Table 7-2A shows subbasin-level water budgets, documenting total supply and demand under normal-year conditions and establishing a baseline for water supply reliability. Figure 7-1 illustrates the water budget in Llagas Groundwater Subbasin in 2045 with respect to the City of Gilroy and other users.
Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison Water Code Section 10635 (a)
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (Opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Supply totals 11,498 11,833 12,714 13,884 14,480
Use totals 10,684 11,528 12,395 13,287 13,856
Surplus/(shortfall) 814 305 319 597 624
Percent of Total Supply 93% 97% 97% 96% 96%
Water Shortage Level Level 0 Level 0 Level 0 Level 0 Level 0 WSCP - supply augmentation benefit 0 0 0 0 0
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit 0 0 0 0 0
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) 814 305 319 597 624
Percent of Total Supply 93% 97% 97% 96% 96%
Recommend WSCP Actions
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Table 7-2A: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison (Llagas Subbasin) - Detail 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
(AFY) (AFY) (AFY) (AFY) (AFY)
Natural Groundwater Recharge 22,533 22,533 21,423 21,423 21,423 Local Surface Water 9,972 11,175 11,238 11,139 11,138
Valley Water CVP Deliveries 13,407 8,986 9,304 9,715 9,696 Recycled Water Supply 1,507 1,864 2,218 2,570 2,570
Recycled Water 2, 3
(WWTP Utility Water)
1,224 1,228 1,232 1,232 1,232
Total Supplies
(Excluding WWTP Utility Water) 47,418 44,558 44,183 44,846 44,826 Total Supplies
(Including WWTP Utility Water) 48,642 45,786 45,415 46,078 46,058 City of Gilroy (domestic)4 9,177 9,664 10,177 10,717 11,286 City of Morgan Hill (domestic)4,5,6 6,744 7,229 7,711 8,145 8,577 Other Users7 27,635 26,301 24,952 23,617 22,615
Total Demands 43,556 43,194 42,840 42,478 42,478
Difference (Supply - Demand) 3,863 1,363 1,343 2,368 2,348 Percent of Total Supply 92% 97% 97% 95% 95%
Notes:
5/26/2026
1. Projected supply per South County Supply document received from Valley Water staff March 26, 2026.
2. Source: 2023 South County Recycled Water Distribution System Master Plan, Tables 2 and 3.
3. Recycled water use internally at WWTP facility is not considered as a reportable supply/demand of recycled water.
Therefore, it was excluded from Supply vs Demand Comparison.
5. Demand consistent with City of Morgan Hill draft 2025 UWMP.
6. City of Morgan Hill demand excludes Boys Ranch wells which are located in the Coyote Valley subarea.
7. Demand for other users calculated from documents received from Valley Water staff March 26, 2026.
Projected Water Supply of the Llagas Subbasin1
Projected Average Annual Water Demand
Supply vs Demand Comparison3
4. For planning purposes, it is assumed that the City will achieve up to a five percent reduction in water use as a result of active water savings. Page 677 of 896 May 2026 7-7 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Figure 7-1 2045 Water Budget in Llagas Groundwater Subbasin
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
7.2.2.2 Supply and Demand Comparison – Single Dry Year
During a single dry year, groundwater recharge and overall water supply are expected to decrease due to reduced precipitation. The available supply is estimated by applying a single dryyear percentage of normal-year recharge for the subbasins. Water demand patterns may shift during dry conditions, with outdoor irrigation potentially increasing, though conservation measures help mitigate these increases. Comparing this reduced supply with projected demand allows assessment of the City’s ability to maintain reliable water service under short-term drought conditions. Table 7-3 presents the City’s total projected demand alongside the reduced supply, documenting total supply and demand under single dry year conditions and establishing a baseline for water supply reliability.
Submittal Table 7-3 Retail: Single Dry Year Supply and Use Comparison Water Code Section 10635(a)
7.2.2.3 Supply and Demand Comparison – Five Consecutive Dry Years A drought lasting five consecutive dry years represents a more severe scenario with prolonged reductions in groundwater recharge. For this condition, the available supply is estimated as a lower percentage of the normal-year recharge to account for the cumulative effects of multiple dry years. Comparing this long-term reduced supply with projected demand helps identify potential shortages and informs planning for drought response and water conservation measures. Table 7-4 summarizes the City’s total projected demand alongside the long-term reduced supply, 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (Opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Supply totals 8,943 8,953 9,788 10,830 11,230
Use totals 10,684 11,528 12,395 13,287 13,856
Surplus/(shortfall) (1,741) (2,575) (2,608) (2,457) (2,626) Percent of Total Supply 119% 129% 127% 123% 123%
Water Shortage Level Level 1 Level 2 Level 2 Level 2 Level 2 WSCP - supply augmentation benefit 0 0 0 0 0
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit 1850 2800 3000 2800 2900 Revised Surplus/(shortfall) 109 225 392 343 274
Percent of Total Supply 99% 97% 96% 97% 98%
Recommend WSCP Actions
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
documenting total supply and demand under multiple dry year conditions and establishing a baseline for water supply reliability.
Submittal Table 7-4 Retail: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison Water Code Section 10635(a)
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (Opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Supply totals 9,712 10,179 11,139 11,906 12,401
Use totals 10,685 11,527 12,395 13,290 13,858
Surplus/(shortfall) (973) (1,348) (1,256) (1,384) (1,457) Percent of Total Supply 110% 113% 111% 112% 112%
Water Shortage Level Level 1 Level 1 Level 1 Level 1 Level 1 WSCP - supply augmentation benefit 0 0 0 0 0
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit 1,400 1,700 1,600 1,600 1,800 Revised Surplus/(shortfall) 427 352 344 216 343
Percent of Total Supply 96% 97% 97% 98% 97%
Supply totals 9,993 11,137 12,019 12,949 13,502
Use totals 10,685 11,527 12,395 13,290 13,858
Surplus/(shortfall) (692) (391) (376) (341) (356)
Percent of Total Supply 107% 104% 103% 103% 103%
Water Shortage Level Level 0 Level 0 Level 0 Level 0 Level 0 WSCP - supply augmentation benefit 0 0 0 0 0
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit 1,000 700 600 600 700 Revised Surplus/(shortfall) 308 309 224 259 344
Percent of Total Supply 97% 97% 98% 98% 97%
First year
Second year
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6 7-10 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (Opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Supply totals 10,541 12,250 13,163 12,904 13,453
Use totals 10,685 11,527 12,395 13,290 13,858
Surplus/(shortfall) (144) 723 768 (386) (405)
Percent of Total Supply 101% 94% 94% 103% 103%
Water Shortage Level Level 0 Level 0 Level 0 Level 0 Level 0 WSCP - supply augmentation benefit 0 0 0 0 0
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit 500 0 0 700 750
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) 356 723 768 314 345
Percent of Total Supply 97% 94% 94% 98% 97%
Supply totals 12,200 11,670 12,543 13,463 14,042
Use totals 10,685 11,527 12,395 13,290 13,858
Surplus/(shortfall) 1,515 142 148 173 184
Percent of Total Supply 88% 99% 99% 99% 99%
Water Shortage Level Level 0 Level 0 Level 0 Level 0 Level 0 WSCP - supply augmentation benefit 0 0 0 0 0
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit 0 0 0 0 0
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) 1,515 142 148 173 184
Percent of Total Supply 88% 99% 99% 99% 99%
Supply totals 12,649 13,187 14,736 14,729 15,374
Use totals 10,685 11,527 12,395 13,290 13,858
Surplus/(shortfall) 1,964 1,659 2,341 1,439 1,516
Percent of Total Supply 84% 87% 84% 90% 90%
Water Shortage Level Level 0 Level 0 Level 0 Level 0 Level 0 WSCP - supply augmentation benefit 0 0 0 0 0
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit 0 0 0 0 0
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) 1,964 1,659 2,341 1,439 1,516 Percent of Total Supply 84% 87% 84% 90% 90%
Third year
Fourth year
Fifth year
May 2026 7-11 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
7.2.3 WSRA Description of Management Tools and Options
California Water Code
10620 (f) An urban water supplier shall describe in the plan water management tools and options used by that entity that will maximize resources and minimize the need to import water from other regions.
To reduce the strain on groundwater resources during prolonged droughts, the City has developed a Water Shortage Contingency Plan to prevent water waste and encourage conservation within the community.
The City’s supply reliability depends on the rate of available recharge to the groundwater subbasins beneath the City. Valley Water imports raw water through the State Water Project and the federal Central Valley Project to recharge the groundwater subbasins it manages, including the Llagas Subbasin. During drought periods, imported water supplies may be reduced or unavailable, decreasing the amount of recharge to the groundwater basins. In times of water shortage, Valley Water coordinates with cities extracting from these basins to minimize overdraft and subsidence. When regional supply reliability is at risk, Valley Water typically calls on cities to reduce water use through voluntary and mandatory conservation measures.
In addition, the Cities of Morgan Hill and Gilroy have collaborated with Valley Water to explore opportunities for expanding recycled water use. The 2024 South County Recycled Water Master Plan Update provides a capacity analysis and presents improvement alternatives for the existing distribution system located in the City of Gilroy, while also summarizing recycled water options for the City of Morgan Hill.
Furthermore, during drought conditions, Valley Water anticipates that the City will rely on groundwater reserves. Historical groundwater monitoring in the Llagas Subbasin indicates stable groundwater levels even during multiple-year droughts. Through the implementation of conjunctive use programs, Valley Water has maintained well-managed groundwater levels in the Llagas Subbasin. As a result, this subbasin is considered a reliable water supply source during shortages. Although pumping may temporarily exceed recharge during droughts, basin management practices have prevented long-term adverse impacts.
7.3 DROUGHT RISK ASSESSMENT
California Water Code
10612 “Drought Risk Assessment” means a method that examines water shortage risks based on the driest five-year historic sequence for the agency’s water supply, as described in subdivision (b) of Section 10635. 10635(b) Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, a drought risk assessment for its water service to its customers as part of information considered in developing the demand management measures and water supply projects and programs to be included in the urban water management plan. The urban water supplier may conduct an interim update or updates to this drought risk
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
assessment within the five-year cycle of its urban water management plan update. The drought risk assessment shall include each of the following:
(1) A description of the data, methodology, and basis for one or more supply shortage conditions that are necessary to conduct a drought risk assessment for a drought period that lasts five consecutive water years, starting from the year following when the assessment is conducted. (2) A determination of the reliability of each source of supply under a variety of water shortage conditions. This may include a determination that a particular source of water supply is fully reliable under most, if not all, conditions.
(3) A comparison of the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the total projected water use for the drought period.
(4) Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.
As part of the 2025 UWMP, the California Water Code requires urban water suppliers to develop a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA). The DRA is a planning exercise that evaluates the potential impacts on available water supply if a five-year drought were to occur immediately following its preparation. As with the supply and demand assessment described in the previous section, the DRA focuses exclusively on the effects of a five-year drought. It also accounts for the influence of the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan on both available supply and total demand. Overall, the DRA provides a proactive review to prepare the City for a worst-case water supply scenario in the near term.
7.3.1 DRA Data, Methods, and Basis for Water Shortage Conditions The DRA assesses the impact on available water supply over the course of a five-year drought.
Since the City’s only water supply source is groundwater, the same data and methodology used to prepare the supply and demand assessment through 2050, as described in the preceding section, can be applied for the DRA.
For conservative planning purposes, the DRA assumes an unconstrained demand condition within the City’s service area, meaning that no additional demand management measures or water use reductions are applied beyond the City’s year-round prohibitions. This approach allows the DRA to determine whether further water use reductions, as outlined in the Water Shortage Contingency Plan, may be necessary. It should also be noted that the Valley Water 2020 UWMP applies a similar unconstrained demand condition in its planning, which encompasses the City’s service area.
7.3.2 DRA Individual Water Source Reliability
The DRA water supply and demand comparisons are presented in Table 7-5, which indicates that available groundwater supplies cannot meet projected demands through 2030 under a five-year drought scenario, unless water shortage contingency levels are implemented.
The City’s DRA assumes that available groundwater supply is equivalent to the rate of natural groundwater recharge. Reductions in supply volumes during the five-year drought are applied to account for the effects of consecutive dry years. The available water supply volumes for the source are documented as follows:
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
• Llagas Subbasin: The available supply volume for the City of Gilroy during a normal water year is assumed to equal the proportional rate of natural groundwater recharge as established by Valley Water. During normal year, this amount is equal to 9,991 AF in 2030 as documented on Table 6-9 for the Llagas subbasin. During a five-year drought, this supply will reduce from 7,913 AF in 2025 to 6,684 AF in 2026, then increase to 8,705 AF in 2030. Supply deficiency in the following years is still likely to occur until 2030, as summarized on Table 7-5.
As shown in Table 7-5, the City’s total available water supply ranges from 7,950 AF to 10,212 AF.
7.3.3 DRA Total Water Supply and Use Comparison
The City’s DRA is summarized in Table 7-5. Based on assumptions for available supplies consistent with prior planning efforts and considering unconstrained demand condition, the DRA indicates that the City cannot meet projected water demands under a five-consecutive-year drought beginning in 2026. Water shortage levels are expected to be as high as level 2 within the next five years, and use reduction savings at different levels will be required in order to minimize the water supply shortage in the City.
Submittal Table 7-5 Retail: Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment Water Code Section 10635(a)
2,026 2,027 2,028 2,029 2,030
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
10,144 10,279 10,414 10,549 10,684
7,950 8,204 8,641 9,843 10,212
(2,194) (2,075) (1,773) (706) (472)
128% 125% 121% 107% 105%
2 2 2 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
2,500 2,300 2,000 950 720
306 225 227 244 248
96% 97% 97% 98% 98%
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action
Percent of Total Supply
Water Shortage Level
Percent of Total Supply
Recommend WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augmentation) Total Water Use
Total Supplies
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) Page 684 of 896
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
7.4 SUBMITTAL TABLES SUMMARY
This chapter included the following submittal table(s):
• Table 7-1: Basis of Water Year Data
• Table 7-2: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison
• Table 7-3: Single Dry Year Supply and Use Comparison
• Table 7-4: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison • Table 7-5: Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment
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202City of 5Gilroy
8.0 CHAPTER 8 – WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN
This chapter includes the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) which is a required structured plan for dealing with water shortages, incorporating standardized water conservation action levels, along with implementation actions in the event of a catastrophic supply interruption.
8.1 WATER SUPPLY RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
California Water Code
10632.3 It is the intent of the Legislature that, upon proclamation by the Governor of a state of emergency under the California Emergency Services Act (Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 8550) of Division 1 of Title 2 of the Government Code) based on drought conditions, the board defer to implementation of locally adopted water shortage contingency plans to the extent practicable.
10632 (a)(1) The analysis of water supply reliability conducted pursuant to Section 10635. 10632.5.(a) In addition to the requirements of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 10632, beginning January 1, 2020, the plan shall include a seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan to assess the vulnerability of each of the various facilities of a water system and mitigate those vulnerabilities.
The City currently relies solely on groundwater, with supply wells extracting water from the Llagas Subbasin. This subbasin is managed by Valley Water, and the Valley Water 2021 GMP Chapter Focus
This chapter focuses on the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP), a critical tool for proactive and efficient water management during shortages. The WSCP provides a structured framework for monitoring supply conditions and implementing pre-planned response actions and minimizing service disruptions. The WSCP defines levels of water shortage, outlines demand reduction measures, and describes the process for conducting an annual supply and demand assessment.
The WSCP prepares the system to address both predictable and unexpected risks, including natural disasters or the failure of a primary water source by establishing tiered demand reduction and supply enhancement measures for events such as earthquakes, fires, floods, or system failures, allowing the City to anticipate challenges and respond effectively. It also addresses communication protocols during shortages, methods for determining compliance and enforcing water use restrictions, discussing financial impacts, and monitoring and reporting the effectiveness of any implemented water demand reduction measures.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
documents the rates of natural recharge for these supply sources. Consistent with prior planning efforts, the City’s Water Supply Reliability Analysis assumes that the available supply from each subbasin is equal to the rate of natural recharge. The analysis also accounts for the impacts of a single-dry year and a five consecutive dry-year period.
As part of the 2025 UWMP, the City has also prepared a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA), a proactive planning tool designed to prepare the City for potential worst-case water supply conditions. The DRA evaluates the City’s projected water demands over the next five years against estimated available supplies in the event of a five-year drought. The results of the DRA, prepared as part of the 2025 UWMP, indicate that the City has adequate supplies to meet projected demands over the next five years.
Pursuant to the California Water Code, the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan also includes a seismic risk assessment, which describes the vulnerability of the Gilroy water system facility to earthquakes and other seismic hazards. Details on the Seismic Risk Assessment and Mitigation Plan are provided in a subsequent section of this chapter.
8.2 ANNUAL WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND ASSESSMENT
California Water Code
10632 (a) Every urban water supplier shall prepare and adopt a water shortage contingency plan as part of its urban water management plan that consists of each of the following elements:
10632 (a)(2) The procedures used in conducting an annual water supply and demand assessment that include, at a minimum, both of the following:
(A) The written decision-making process that an urban water supplier will use each year to determine its water supply reliability.
(B) The key data inputs and assessment methodology used to evaluate the urban water supplier’s water supply reliability for the current year and one dry year, including all of the following:
(i) Current year unconstrained demand, considering weather, growth, and other influencing factors, such as policies to manage current supplies to meet demand objectives in future years, as applicable.
(ii) Current year available supply, considering hydrological and regulatory conditions in the current year and one dry year. The annual supply and demand assessment may consider more than one dry year solely at the discretion of the urban water supplier. (iii) Existing infrastructure capabilities and plausible constraints. (iv) A defined set of locally applicable evaluation criteria that are consistently relied upon for each annual water supply and demand assessment.
(v) A description and quantification of each source of water supply. 10632.1 An urban water supplier shall conduct an annual water supply and demand assessment pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10632 and, on or before July 1 of each year, submit an annual water shortage assessment report to the department with information for anticipated shortage, triggered shortage response actions, compliance and enforcement actions, and communication actions consistent with the supplier’s water shortage contingency plan. An urban water supplier that relies on imported water from the State Water Project or the Bureau of Reclamation shall submit its annual water supply and demand assessment within 14 days of receiving its final allocations, or by July 1 of each year, whichever is later.
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Updates to the California Water Code now require urban water suppliers to prepare an annual water supply and demand assessment (Annual Assessment). The results of this assessment must be summarized in a report submitted to the DWR by July 1 of each year, with the first report due on July 1, 2022. The purpose of the Annual Assessment is to ensure that water suppliers proactively evaluate available water supplies and demand, while identifying any potential need to implement the Water Shortage Contingency Plan.
It should be noted that the DWR is currently preparing a stand-alone guidance document to provide general procedures for urban water suppliers in completing the Annual Assessment. At this time, the decision-making process and steps for completing the Annual Assessment are preliminary and will be refined once the DWR guidance document is finalized.
8.2.1 Decision Making Process
This section describes the decision-making process for preparing and approving the Annual Assessment each year. The reporting timeline is illustrated in Figure 8-1, and the milestones documented on Table 8-1A.
It should be noted that the Annual Assessment and associated decision-making process will rely on the findings of the Valley Water Annual Assessment, which provides documentation of available water supply information and any County-wide water shortage actions that may be required.
Figure 8-1 Annual Assessment Reporting Timeline
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Table 8-1A Annual Assessment Reporting Milestone
Key Timeline Description
September to
February:
Ongoing
Monitoring and
Review
For most of the year, City staff will continue to monitor and report monthly water production and consumption. This data will be used when preparing the Annual Assessment to compare system-wide water demands year-toyear and to project demands for the following year.
March: Initiate
WSCP Annual
Assessment
City staff will initiate the Annual Assessment process by compiling collected water demand and production data. Other relevant information includes, but is not limited to:
• Land Use/Planning: Changes in land use or the number of building permits, which will be used to estimate demand for the following year.
• Hydrologic Year Review: Review of rainfall and hydrologic conditions over the past year, noting that the City’s wet year typically ends in April.
• Climate Forecast: Consideration of any available climate projections.
The purpose of gathering this information is to assess the various factors affecting water demand across the City’s service area. This analysis will guide projections of water demand for the upcoming year.
April: Review
Available Supply
Information
A preliminary Annual Assessment is usually completed by Valley Water and prior to April. City staff will review this document upon its availability and use it as the basis for estimating available water supply for the upcoming year. If necessary, staff will also prepare to implement any water shortage response actions identified by Valley Water.
May: City
Council Review
of Annual
Assessment
The Annual Assessment draft will be presented to the City Council for information and discussion. If the assessment recommends water shortage actions, the City Council will be asked to authorize the implementation of the recommended measures.
June: Finalize
Annual
Assessment
The Annual Assessment is finalized after considering feedback received during the City Council review process.
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July: Submit
Annual
Assessment
The Annual Assessment will be submitted to DWR on or before July 1.
8.2.2 Data and Methodologies
This section describes the key data and methodologies used to prepare the Annual Assessment.
This includes historical water supply information, historical and projected water demand, and projected water supply, which the City uses to evaluate their water supply reliability for both a normal and a subsequent dry-year condition.
8.2.2.1 Evaluation Criteria
The primary criteria used in preparing the City’s Annual Assessment are projected water demand and available supply. Available supply information is based on a County-wide review prepared by Valley Water. Demand projections are developed using multiple factors, including historical demand, land use changes, building permits, and historical rainfall. The City will continue to evaluate its Annual Assessment preparation process, and additional criteria may be incorporated if considered appropriate.
8.2.2.2 Water Supply
The City currently relies solely on groundwater as its water supply. The City operates 9 groundwater wells, each of which is monitored with production reported monthly. These monthly production records are used to characterize current water use and to compare with previous years, providing a basis for estimating water production requirements for the upcoming year.
As the Groundwater Sustainability Agency, Valley Water manages water supplies throughout Santa Clara County, including the Llagas Subbasin, which are used by the City for supply. The water supply analysis prepared by Valley Water for its Annual Assessment provides a critical basis for the City’s water supply assumptions, including available supply volumes and any required pumping restrictions.
8.2.2.3 Current Year Unconstrained Customer Demand
Billed water consumption is reported monthly and will be used to characterize the City’s current water use. These records will be compared to the corresponding months of the previous year to identify significant changes in water use patterns across the City’s service area. In addition, information on recent developments and current building permits will allow City staff to estimate anticipated changes in water demand for the upcoming year.
May 2026 8-6 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
8.2.2.4 Current Year Available Supply
The Annual Assessment estimates the available water supply for the current year under existing hydrologic conditions, as well as for a potential subsequent dry year. These supply estimates will be based on the Drought Risk Assessment supply estimation methodology documented in a previous chapter of this 2025 UWMP and will also incorporate information from the Valley Water Annual Assessment.
8.2.2.5 Infrastructure Considerations
The Annual Assessment will include a review of ongoing capital projects that may affect the demand and supply projections. Examples of such capital projects include water loss reduction, distribution system expansions to serve growth, or the development of new groundwater wells.
The City’s 2023 Water, Wastewater and Storm Drainage System Master Plans, identifies any additional infrastructure considerations to be implemented within the City’s service area.
8.3 WATER SHORTAGE LEVELS
The City has adopted the four standard water shortage levels recommended by DWR, as shown in Table 8-1B. Identifying the appropriate shortage level will be in accordance with the procedures outlines in a section of the Annual Assessment procedures.
California Water Code
10632 (a)(3)(A) Six standard water shortage levels corresponding to progressive ranges of up to 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 percent shortages and greater than 50 percent shortage. Urban water suppliers shall define these shortage levels based on the suppliers’ water supply conditions, including percentage reductions in water supply, changes in groundwater levels, changes in surface elevation or level of subsidence, or other changes in hydrological or other local conditions indicative of the water supply available for use. Shortage levels shall also apply to catastrophic interruption of water supplies, including, but not limited to, a regional power outage, an earthquake, and other potential emergency events.
10632 (a)(3)(B) An urban water supplier with an existing water shortage contingency plan that uses different water shortage levels may comply with the requirement in subparagraph (A) by developing and including a cross-reference relating its existing categories to the six standard water shortage levels.
For example, if the Annual Assessment identifies a 22% water shortage, the City would be considered in a Severe Drought condition. Based on recommendations from City staff, the City Council has the authority to declare the appropriate conservation level necessary to manage system demands and mitigate the shortage. The City Council may also adjust or terminate a shortage response level as recommended by staff.
The City’s groundwater supply relies on natural recharge from surface water runoff as well as additional recharge provided by Valley Water through imported raw water. During drought periods, when imported water availability is reduced, Valley Water may request cities to limit groundwater pumping to prevent basin overdraft and minimize subsidence. To support these efforts and reduce
May 2026 8-7 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
water consumption citywide, the City maintains a water conservation ordinance that can be invoked to implement water use restrictions.
Table 8-1B Water Shortage Contingency Plan Levels
The City’s conservation ordinance currently establishes permanent water use restrictions and a multi-stage water rationing plan that can be implemented to adjust water use during shortage conditions. Each rationing stage specifies a water demand reduction percentage to be applied to normal water demands. Implementation of the plan depends on the cause, severity, and anticipated duration of the water shortage, and may include a combination of voluntary and mandatory conservation measures to reduce citywide water use. The water shortage stages are also summarized in Table 8-1B.
Submittal Table 8-1: Cross-reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels Water Code Section 10632(a)(3)(B)
Stage
Percentage
Supply
Reduction
Percentage Supply Reduction Level DWR Shortage
Level Condition
0 Normal Normal
1 Alert Alert
1 11 to 20% Minor Shortage Potential 2 Significant Severe 3 Severe Critical
5 Crisis Emergency
N/A N/A N/A 6 Emergency Emergency
2025 Gilroy WSCP Corresponding
Relationship
("Crosswalk")
Percentage
Supply Reduction
0 0 to 10% Permanent Measure
0%
1 to 10%
DWR Standard Levels
2 21 to 35% Moderate Shortage Potential 21 to 30%
4 31 to 40%
3 36 to 50% Critical Shortage Potential
41 to 50%
Valley Water
Shortage
Level
Condition
Critical Critical
Greater than 50%
11 to 20%
Standard
Shortage
Levels
Percent
Shortage Range
Suppliers
Shortage
Levels
Percent Shortage Range
1 Up to 10% 0 0-10%
2 Up to 20% 1 11-20%
3 Up to 30% 2 21-35%
4 Up to 40% 2,3
21-35%
36-50%
5 Up to 50% 3 36-50%
6 >50% N/A N/A Page 692 of 896
May 2026 8-8 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
8.4 SHORTAGE RESPONSE ACTIONS
Pursuant to CWC 10632(a)(4), this section documents the detailed shortage response actions, organized into categories that correspond with the established shortage levels.
California Water Code
10632 (a)(4) Shortage response actions that align with the defined shortage levels and include, at a minimum, all of the following:
(A) Locally appropriate supply augmentation actions.
(B) Locally appropriate demand reduction actions to adequately respond to shortages. (C) Locally appropriate operational changes.
(D) Additional, mandatory prohibitions against specific water use practices that are in addition to statemandated prohibitions and appropriate to the local conditions. (E) For each action, an estimate of the extent to which the gap between supplies and demand will be reduced by implementation of the action.
10632.2 An urban water supplier shall follow, where feasible and appropriate, the prescribed procedures and implement determined shortage response actions in its water shortage contingency plan, as identified in subdivision (a) of Section 10632, or reasonable alternative actions, provided that descriptions of the alternative actions are submitted with the annual water shortage assessment report pursuant to Section 10632.1. Nothing in this section prohibits an urban water supplier from taking actions not specified in its water shortage contingency plan, if needed, without having to formally amend its urban water management plan or water shortage contingency plan.
The City’s WSCP includes shortage response actions that may be implemented during a water shortage. In addition, the City’s municipal code establishes permanent, year-round water use restrictions to minimize water waste. Both the shortage response actions and permanent water use restrictions are summarized in this chapter.
8.4.1 Supply Augmentation
As noted in previous sections, groundwater is the City’s sole source of supply, and there are no known opportunities for direct supply augmentation through exchanges, transfers, or purchase programs. Therefore, supply augmentation actions are not included in the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan at this time (Table 8-2).
May 2026 8-9 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Submittal Table 8-2 Retail: Supply Augmentation and Other Actions Water Code Section 10632(a)(4)(A), (C) and (E)
8.4.2 Demand Reduction
The City of Gilroy can implement a variety of demand reduction measures as response actions to corresponding water shortage levels. These measures may include restrictions on irrigation and outdoor water use, changes to water rate structures, public education and outreach efforts, or adjustments to water supply service. Other demand reduction such as infrastructure improvements or the installation of water efficient fixtures are considered long-term water demand reduction strategies and are therefore not included as actions in this Water Shortage Contingency Plan. City staff will continue to evaluate additional demand management approaches, including the potential implementation of Water Offsets for new developments and drought rate structures in the immediate future.
Consumption reduction actions are measures taken by the City to reduce demand within the service area, and usually in response to a declared water shortage or emergency condition. The City’s consumption reduction actions and reduction action matrix, for each shortage level, are summarized in Table 8-3 and Table 8-3A, respectively, along with brief descriptions or explanations.
No
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value
(May be a range)
(AF)
Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) How much is this going to reduce the
shortage gap?
Shortage
Level
Supply Augmentation Methods and
Other Actions by Water Supplier
Volume or
Percentage
Additional Explanation or Reference
(OPTIONAL)
May 2026 8-10 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Submittal Table 8-3 Retail: Demand Reduction Actions
Water Code Section 10632(a)(4)(B) and (E)
No
Shortage
Gap
Reduction
Value
(May be a
range)
(AF)
0 CII - Lodging
establishment must
offer opt out of linen
service
Percentage 0-10%
Encourage hotels, motels and other commercial lodging establishments to provide customers the option of not having towels and linen laundered daily. Commercial lodging establishments are encouraged to prominently display notice of this option in each bathroom using clear and easily understood language.
No
0 CII - Restaurants may
only serve water
upon request
Percentage 0-10%
Encourage eating or drinking establishments, including but not limited to a restaurant, hotel, cafe, cafeteria, bar, or other public place where food or drinks are sold, served, or offered for sale to provide drinking water to any person only when expressly requested.
No
0 CII - Commercial
kitchens required to
use pre-rinse spray
valves
Percentage 0-10%
Encourage food preparation establishments, such as restaurants or cafes to use water conserving dish wash spray valves. No
0 Pools and Spas -
Require covers for
pools and spas
Percentage 0-10%
Recommend that all existing pools use a pool cover or solar blanket to reduce water loss due to evaporation. No
0 Other Percentage 0-10%
When directed by the Public Works Director, recycled water fill stations shall be made available for construction water for purposes, including dust control. Recycled water fill stations may be removed upon completion of construction activities in the area.
No
0 Other Percentage 0-10%
Discourage installation of non-recirculating water systems in new commercial conveyor car wash and new commercial laundry systems. No
Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) How much is this going
to reduce the shortage
gap?
Volume or
Percentage
Drop down
Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
Drop down list
These are the only
categories that will be
accepted by the
WUEdata online
submittal tool. Select
those that apply.
Additional Explanation or Reference
(OPTIONAL)
Penalty, Charge,
or Other
Enforcement?
For Retail Suppliers
Only
Drop Down List
May 202
6 8-11 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Shortage
Gap
Reduction
Value
(May be a
range)
(AF) 0
Landscape - Limit
landscape irrigation
to specific days
Percentage 0-10%
Limit watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape or other vegetated area with potable water to three days per week from April through October. The watering days are designated depending upon house address (odd house and no house address – Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, even house address – Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday). This provision does not apply to landscape irrigation zones that exclusively use very low flow drip type irrigation systems when no emitter produces more than two (2) gallons of water per hour. This provision also does not apply to watering or irrigating by use of a hand-held bucket or similar container, a hand-held hose equipped with a positive self-closing water shut-off nozzle or device, or for very short periods of time for the express purpose of adjusting or repairing an irrigation system.
Yes 0
Pools and Spas -
Require covers for
pools and spas
Percentage 0-10%
Require all new pools to have a pool cover or solar blanket to reduce water loss through evaporation.
Yes 0
Other - Prohibit use
of potable water for
washing hard
surfaces
Percentage 0-10%
Prohibit washing down hard or paved surfaces, including but not limited to buildings, structures, sidewalks, walkways, driveways, parking areas, tennis courts, patios or alleys. Yes 0 Other - Customers
must repair leaks,
breaks, and
malfunctions in a
timely manner
Percentage 0-10%
Require leaks, breaks, or other malfunctions in the water user’s plumbing or distribution system to be repaired within seventy-two (72) hours of notification by the city unless other arrangements are made with the city.
Yes 0
Landscape - Restrict
or prohibit runoff
from landscape
irrigation
Percentage 0-10%
Prohibit the application of water to outdoor landscapes in a manner that causes runoff such that water flows onto adjacent property, non-irrigated areas, private and public walkways, driveway, street, alley, gutter, ditch, parking lots, or structures.
Yes
How much is this going
to reduce the shortage
gap?
Volume or
Percentage
Drop down
Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
Drop down list
These are the only
categories that will be
accepted by the
WUEdata online
submittal tool. Select
those that apply.
Additional Explanation or Reference
(OPTIONAL)
Penalty, Charge,
or Other
Enforcement?
For Retail Suppliers
Only
Drop Down List
May 202
6 8-12 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Shortage
Gap
Reduction
Value
(May be a
range)
(AF) 0
Water Features -
Restrict water use for
decorative water
features, such as
fountains
Percentage 0-10%
Prohibit the operation a water fountain or other decorative water feature that does not use recirculated water Yes 0
CII - Restaurants may
only serve water
upon request
Percentage 0-10%
Prohibit eating or drinking establishments, including but not limited to a restaurant, hotel, cafe, cafeteria, bar, or other public place where food or drinks are sold, served, or offered for sale, from providing drinking water to any person unless expressly requested.
Yes 0
CII - Lodging
establishment must
offer opt out of linen
service
Percentage 0-10%
Require hotels, motels and other commercial lodging establishments to provide customers with the option of not having towels and linen laundered daily. Commercial lodging establishments must prominently display notice of this option in each bathroom using clear and easily understood language.
Yes 0
CII - Commercial
kitchens required to
use pre-rinse spray
valves
Percentage 0-10%
Prohibit food preparation establishments, such as restaurants or cafes from using nonwater conserving dish wash spray valves. Yes 0 Other water feature
or swimming pool
restriction
Percentage 0-10%
Refilling of existing private pools is prohibited, except to maintain water levels, unless the pool is in eminent danger of failure Yes
How much is this going
to reduce the shortage
gap?
Volume or
Percentage
Drop down
Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
Drop down list
These are the only
categories that will be
accepted by the
WUEdata online
submittal tool. Select
those that apply.
Additional Explanation or Reference
(OPTIONAL)
Penalty, Charge,
or Other
Enforcement?
For Retail Suppliers
Only
Drop Down List
May 202
6 8-13 City of Gilroy
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Shortage
Gap
Reduction
Value
(May be a
range)
(AF) 1
Landscape - Limit
landscape irrigation
to specific days
Percentage 11-20%
Limit watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape orother vegetated area with potable water to two days per week from April through October. The watering days are designated depending upon house address (odd house and no house address – Wednesday and Sunday, even house address – Tuesday and Saturday). This provision does not apply to landscape irrigation zones that exclusively use very low flow drip type irrigation systems when no emitter produces more than two (2) gallons of water per hour. This provision also does not apply to watering or irrigating by use of a hand-held bucket or similar container, a hand-held hose equipped with a positive self-closing water shut-off nozzle or device, or for very short periods of time for the express purpose of adjusting or repairing an irrigation system.
Yes 2
Water Features -
Restrict water use for
decorative water
features, such as
fountains
Percentage 21-35%
Prohibit filling or re-filling ornamental lakes or ponds with potable water, except to the extent needed to sustain aquatic life, provided that such animals are of significant value and have been actively managed within the water feature prior to declaration of a supply shortage level under this section.
Yes 2
Other - Customers
must repair leaks,
breaks, and
malfunctions in a
timely manner
Percentage 21-35%
Require all leaks, breaks, or other malfunctions in the water user’s plumbing or distribution system to be repaired within forty-eight (48) hours of notification by the city unless other arrangements are made with the city
Yes 2
Landscape - Other
landscape restriction
or prohibition
Percentage 21-35%
Prohibit the applications of potable water to outdoor landscapes during and within 48 hours following measurable rainfall. Yes 2 Other Percentage 21-35% City Council may consider adopting rate structures and other pricing mechanisms to maximize water conservation.
Yes
How much is this going
to reduce the shortage
gap?
Volume or
Percentage
Drop down
Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
Drop down list
These are the only
categories that will be
accepted by the
WUEdata online
submittal tool. Select
those that apply.
Additional Explanation or Reference
(OPTIONAL)
Penalty, Charge,
or Other
Enforcement?
For Retail Suppliers
Only
Drop Down List