Agenda packet, special meeting — Glendale City Council, June 6, 2023

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JUNE 6, 2023

REVISED
- ITEM 1 REMOVED

ROLL CALL
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3:00 PM
-
Report of the City Clerk of the City Council, re: Posting of Agenda. The Agenda for the Tuesday, June 6, 2023 Special Public Meeting of the City Council was posted on

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Wednesday, May 31, 2023, on the Bulletin Board Outside City Hall.

SPECIAL PUBLIC MEETING
of the City Council is hereby called to meet at

3:00
PM
on
Tuesday, June 6, 2023
, in the Council Chamber, 613 E. Broadway, 2nd Floor
,
Glendale, CA 91206 to consider the following item(s) of business, to wit;

1. Information Technology Department, re: The Wireless Strategic Plan and Phase 1 of the Wireless Service Expansion
a. Motion to approve the Wireless Strategic Plan and authorize proceeding with Phase 1 of the Wireless Service Expansion implementation
b. Resolution of Appropriation of $110,000

ADJOURNMENT

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1 CITY OF GLENDALE, CALIFORNIA

REPORT TO THE CITY COUNCIL

AGENDA ITEM
Report: The Wireless Strategic Plan and Phase 1 of the Wireless Service Expansion

1. Motion to approve the Wireless Strategic Plan and authorize proceeding with Phase 1 of the Wireless Service Expansion implementation;

2. Resolution of Appropriation of $110,000.

COUNCIL ACTION
Item Type: Action Item
Approved for June 6, 2023 calendar

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The City of Glendale and Magellan Advisors, LLC collaborated to develop a Wireless Strategic Plan that aims to provide equitable and ubiquitous access to broadband service in City-owned parks and facilities. The plan focuses on dense neighborhoods with limited internet access due to economic reasons, proximity to the City's existing fiber infrastructure, and parks facilities with buildings such as community centers.

The plan outlines a phased approach to the expansion of the City's wireless network.

Phase 1 will focus on the installation of Wi-Fi access at six locations in the City. Phase 2 will focus on the expansion of the City's wireless network to cover a larger area in densely populated neighborhoods that have limited or no access to high-speed broadband services due to economic reasons. Phase 3 will focus on the implementation of a Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) and the hiring of additional staff to operate and maintain the City's wireless network. Phase 4 entails migrating primary WAN connectivity at wireless expansion sites previously implemented with commercial carrier and CBRS technologies to utilize fiber optic connectivity. Utilizing fiber optic cabling for site connectivity has multiple advantages versus radio based commercial carrier and CBRS technologies including reliability, throughout and operating cost.

At the conclusion of the implementation of the Wireless Services Expansion plan, the City will have seventy-eight new Wi-Fi Access Points that can by leveraged by City field operations and will provide service in public areas such as business corridors, community centers, picnic areas and recreational facilities.
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9 COUNCIL PRIORITIES
Infrastructure: This project will expand flexible, easy-to-access high-speed internet service via wireless connections that will serve the community and support City operations.

RECOMMENDATION
That the City Council adopt a motion to approve the Wireless Strategic Plan and to approve proceeding with Wireless Service Expansion Phase 1 implementation; and that the City Council adopt a resolution of appropriation of $110,000 for Phase 1 implementation.

BACKGROUND
The City of Glendale began offering public Wi-Fi in 2014 to provide residents and visitors with free and convenient access to the Internet at select City facilities. The network has been well-received by the community and has helped make Glendale a more connected city. Access is currently provided at all City library facilities and the Civic Center. The network is also available at several other locations throughout the city, including a subset of parks, recreation centers, and community centers. The Wi-Fi network is free to use and is open to the public.

As requested by the Council, the Information Technology Department submitted a Report to Council in March of 2021 that provided a high-level summary of the possibility of extending publicly accessible, high-speed Wi-Fi service at City owned parks and related facilities. Council directed staff to return with a scope of work for the City’s broadband consultant to develop a Wi-Fi strategic plan that focused on the following objectives:
•Expand wireless internet service in City-owned parks and facilities focusing on dense neighborhoods with limited access to internet service for economic reasons; •Sites in proximity to the City’s existing fiber optic infrastructure; and •Parks with existing facilities such as community centers.

As such, in June of 2021, Council approved a motion authorizing the City to retain the City’s fiber optic consultant, Magellan advisors, to develop the Citywide Wi-Fi master plan (Exhibit A) which incorporated the above Council directives.

ANALYSIS
Wireless Needs Assessment
The development of the Wireless Network Strategic Plan began with a comprehensive needs assessment that evaluated Glendale's future wireless infrastructure needs and identified potential wireless applications to better serve its residents while reducing costs and improving municipal efficiencies. This assessment involved a series of seventeen interviews conducted with forty-two City staff members, representing key stakeholder departments and functions. The interviews focused on current wireless connectivity and related issues, short and long-term plans, and major issues or trends that may impact the need for wireless connectivity.
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9 Technology Options
Based on the findings of the Wireless Needs Assessment, a range of wireless technology options were assessed for potential implementation, considering specific requirements such as secure networking features, on-premises and cloud-based solutions along with supporting components, software, and third-party solutions. The evaluation also considered the cost and level of effort required to implement and operate each respective wireless technology.

Wireless Network Design
A Wireless Network Design was created that prioritized the expansion of wireless services in key park locations with an emphasis on facilities equipped with community centers and/or congregative areas that support community programs and services. The design also incorporates providing wireless connectivity to densely populated neighborhoods with limited access to internet service for economic reasons, key business, entertainment corridors, and enabling municipal and Smart City connectivity to streamline field operations and mobile work for City staff.

Wireless Strategic Plan Results
Based on the work performed by the consultant and staff, the City’s wireless network will be expanded with seventy-eight new Wi-Fi access points and will provide service in public areas, such as business corridors, community centers, recreational facilities, and picnic areas. In addition, the expanded network will be leveraged by existing City field staff, including staff from GWP, Public Works, Parks & Recreation, Fire and Police.

Locations throughout the City were prioritized and categorized that were consistent with the Council direction and according to feasibility, proximity to existing fiber infrastructure, and lack of internet access based on economic reasons. The design aims to connect City- owned parks and key business and entertainment corridors, turning them into Internet access points for residents, workers, shoppers, and entertainment seekers in Glendale with free high-speed wireless internet access. Lastly, the design also considers the City's existing fiber-optic infrastructure and where those assets are being expanded by the GWP Utility Fiber Optic business and enabling wireless service deployment. 5 of 93

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9 Staff recommends implementing the results in a four phased approach as follows:

Phase Description
# of
Access
Points Timeline Cost
1 Priority sites with existing
connectivity to the City fiber
optic network
10 FY23/24 $110K
2 Sites within or adjacent to the
Top 20 census tracts as
determined by the Composite
Index of Indicators of Broadband
Need score and priority ranking.
54 FY24/25 $350K
3 Citizens Broadband Radio
Service (CBRS) implementation
establishing wireless network for
providing WAN connectivity
14 FY25/26 $600K
4 Sites in conjunction with the
implementation of the new fiber
optic backbone and subsequent
associated lateral extensions to
wireless expansion sites
0 TBD TBD
Total $1,060,000
A detailed listing of where the access points will be installed throughout the City can be found in Exhibit B.

Phase 1
The City Council provided direction to study locations that had existing connectivity to the City's fiber backbone. Phase 1 priority sites with existing connectivity to the City fiber optic network or with sufficient Wide Area Network (WAN) link bandwidth capacity to accommodate the proposed Wi-Fi expansion include (see Exhibit C for a coverage map):
• Brand Park
• Civic Auditorium
• Civic Center
• Pacific Park
• Sparr Heights
• Artsakh Ave (Harvard to Broadway)
These sites were selected based on several factors, including:
• Number of people who live or work in the area;
• Need for high-speed internet access in the area; and
• Availability of existing connectivity to the City fiber optic network or sufficient WAN link bandwidth capacity.

The proposed Wi-Fi expansion of 10 additional access points in this phase will help ensure that the community in these areas have access to high-speed internet. The cost of Phase 1 is estimated at $110,000, which includes $50,000 for implementation services and $60,000 for equipment and licensing.
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9 Phase 2
This phase addresses one of the primary directives from the Council, which was to determine which densely populated neighborhoods have limited or no access to high- speed broadband services due to economic reasons. Staff identified the top 20 census tracts in Glendale ranked by the composite index of “Indicators of Broadband Need”.

These indicators are the following:
• Percentage of Population Below Federal Poverty Level; • Population Density;
• Percentage of Households that Have No Computer, Smartphone, or Tablet; • Percentage of Households without an Internet subscription; • Percentage of Households with household income <$20K & no Internet subscription; and
• Percentage of Households with household income ≥$20K & <$75K and no Internet subscription.

Sites included in Phase 2 of expansion are within or adjacent to the Top 20 census tracts as determined by the Composite Index of Indicators of Broadband Need score and priority ranking. Connectivity at these sites initially would be achieved through use of commercially provided carriers of cellular and/or broadband data services. A total of 54 access points will be implemented and the sites included in Phase 2 are as follows:
• Adams Square Mini-Park
• Cerritos Park
• Doran Gardens Mini-Park
• Elk Mini-Park
• Fremont Park
• Glendale Heritage Garden
• Griffith Manor Park
• Harvard Mini-Park
• Maryland Avenue Park
• Palmer Park
• Pelanconi Park
• Wilson Avenue Mini-Park
• Windsor Mini-Park
The success of wireless network expansion in Phase 2 depends on having the right staff and supporting systems in place. Technical support for connecting to and using public wireless networks will be limited and largely informational and self-service in nature and should be available in multiple languages. Providing in-person and/or remote support would require entering into a contractual relationship with an external service provider.

The Wireless Strategic Plan recommends staffing a full-time Network Engineer II to support the incorporation and operation of Wi-Fi and CBRS technologies into the proposed expanded wireless broadband service. Additional resources will also be necessary to conduct digital literacy classes, which could be volunteer roles. We recommend partnering with existing organizations such as the National Digital Inclusion Alliance and the International Telecommunications Union.

Exhibit D contains a map depicting the areas in Glendale that will be covered during this phase. Information Technology will request Phase 2 City Council approval and funding in the FY24/25 budget.
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9 Phase 3
From a technological standpoint, fiber optic cabling is a great option in many situations.

However, it is unrealistic to deploy fiber universally due to its lengthy installation time and high installation costs. Additionally, current supply chain issues in the United States have delayed fiber installations. As an alternative, Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) is a relatively new addition to the broadband ecosystem that can be used deploying Wi- Fi service. Due to its reduced deployment times and lower total cost of ownership, CBRS technology can play an important role in ensuring widespread Wi-Fi access throughout the city to the greatest number of residents as rapidly as possible.

The Wi-Fi expansion project will involve implementing Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) to establish a wireless network for providing connectivity to Wi-Fi expansion sites where one or more of the following conditions apply:
• Insufficient cellular carrier signal coverage at site to implement Wi-Fi service utilizing carrier based fixed wireless service;
• Establishment of fiber optic-based site connectivity is not cost effective; and • Establishment of fiber optic-based site connectivity has long implementation lead time.

Phase 3 Wi-Fi service would be expanded to the following sites:
• Dunsmore Park
• Glendale Heritage Garden
• Glendale Sports Complex
• Glenoaks Park
• Artsakh Ave (Wilson to Broadway)
• Brand Blvd (Colorado St to Sanchez Dr)
• Central Ave (Colorado to Sanchez Dr)
• Glendale Ave (Colorado to 134 Fwy)
• Glenoaks Blvd (Elm Ave to Cleveland Rd)
• Kenneth Rd (Sonora Ave to Grandview Ave)
Exhibit E contains a map of the areas that will be covered in this phase.

CBRS can also be utilized for enabling municipal services and Smart City connectivity to streamline field operations and mobile work for City staff. Potential use cases include:
• Advanced Metering Infrastructure
• City Hall in Your Neighborhood - Remote
Meeting Broadcast\Streaming
• Field Inspection
• Field Maintenance
• Fire Apparatus Mobile Network Connectivity
• Fire Inspection
• Fire Station Alerting
• Municipal Bus Fleet Mobile Network
Connectivity
• Parking Meters\Kiosks
• Police Vehicle Mobile Network Connectivity
• Portable Automated License Plate Readers
• Portable Surveillance Cameras
• Sewage Flow Meters
•Trash Trucks
The total estimated cost for the capital portion of the project is $600,000 and Information Technology will request City Council approval and funding in the FY25/26 budget for Phase 3.

Phase 4
Phase 4 entails migrating commercial, and City-provided connectivity at wireless expansion sites in conjunction with the implementation of the new fiber optic backbone and subsequent associated lateral extensions to these locations. The sites at which Wi- Fi service was implemented during previous phases can subsequently be migrated to utilize fiber optic communications for primary WAN connectivity upon establishment of lateral extensions of WAN fiber optic cable to these sites. Utilizing fiber optic cabling for 8 of 93

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9 site connectivity has multiple advantages versus radio based commercial carrier and CBRS technologies including increased reliability and throughout along with reduced operating cost.

STAKEHOLDERS/OUTREACH
Staff believes this expansion will be a valuable asset to the community that will help to close the digital divide, improve economic opportunity, and enhance quality of life. Staff are excited to work with the community to make this vision a reality. Expansion of the City’s Wi-Fi services will help address the need for more equitable, ubiquitous access to broadband service throughout the community. Stakeholders include residents, workers, shoppers, and entertainment seekers in the City of Glendale. Additionally, the following community sectors will also be engaged:
• Education
• K-12 Schools
• Higher Education includes community colleges and adult education programs • Business
• Chamber of Commerce and other business groups
• Technology associations
• Nonprofit community-based organizations
• Serving targeted populations (such as low income, homeless, disabled, ethnic cultures)
• Serving populations likely to need access and training to digital technologies such as those that provide supportive housing, job training, childcare • Community foundations
The following are some specific ways that staff intends to engage with stakeholders:
• Continue to work with community partners, such as schools, libraries, and nonprofit organizations, to ensure that the expansion benefits all members of the community. • Develop a communications plan to keep the community informed about the project.

Staff are committed to working with our community to make the Wi-Fi service expansion a success.

FISCAL IMPACT
The Wireless Service Expansion – Phase 1 will cost $110,000, which was not included as a part of the FY 2022-23 budget. Therefore, staff is requesting an appropriation of $110,000 from the City’s General Fund – Unrestricted Fund Balance. The appropriation request is outlined below:

Amount From (Account
String)
To (Account String) Funding Source
$110,000 25300-1010-000 6030-ISD-0020-
P0000-T0000-
F0000-0000-0000
Project ISD00997AN
General Fund –
Undesignated Fund
Balance
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9 ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW (CEQA/NEPA)
Approval of the Wireless Strategic Plan and implementation of all of its phases, as described in detail herein (”Project”) is exempt from further CEQA review pursuant to Section 15301 (Existing Facilities) and Section 15303 (New Construction or Conversion of Small Structures) of the CEQA Guidelines (Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations) because it consists of installation/mounting of small equipment to existing poles/structures, potential construction of a small number of poles, as well as potential minor trenching and/or running of overhead or underground conduit, all of which are activities resulting in minor alterations of existing public wireless equipment and structures located in City parks and City-owned facilities, involving negligible or no expansion of existing use (Class 1). The Project is also exempt from further CEQA review because it involves the construction and location of limited numbers of new, small wireless equipment (on existing poles) and structures (new poles) at City parks and City- owned facilities and/or the installation of small new equipment and facilities in small structures; and/or the conversion of existing small structures from one use to another where only minor modifications are made in the exterior of the structure (Class 3).

CAMPAIGN DISCLOSURE
This item is exempt from campaign disclosure requirements.

ALTERNATIVES
Alternative 1: Adopt a motion approving the Wireless Strategic Plan and authorizing proceeding with Wireless Service Expansion Phase 1, and adopt a resolution of appropriation.

Alternative 2: Decline to adopt the above-described motion and resolution of appropriation.

Alternative 3: Any other alternative not proposed by staff.

ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION
Prepared by:

Jason Miller, Assistant Chief Information Officer
Eric Brumm, Chief Information Technology Architect
Approved by:

Roubik R. Golanian, P.E., City Manager

EXHIBITS/ATTACHMENTS
Exhibit A Wireless Network Strategic Plan
Exhibit B Table - Proposed Public Wi-Fi Service Expansion Locations Exhibit C Map - Wi-Fi Service Expansion - Phase 1 Sites Exhibit D Map - Wi-Fi Service Expansion - Phase 2 Sites Exhibit E Map - Wi-Fi Service Expansion - Phase 3 Sites 10 of 93

MOTION
Moved by Council Member , seconded by Council Member , that the Council of the City of Glendale hereby approves the Wireless Strategic Plan and authorizes proceeding with Phase 1 of the Wireless Service Expansion implementation, as set forth in detail in the June 6, 2023 staff report from the Director of Information Technology.

Vote as Follows:

Ayes:

Noes:

Absent:

Abstain:
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W W W .M AG EL L AN B RO AD B A ND. C O M 1
Exhibit A Wireless Network Strategic Plan CITY OF GLENDALE, CA Wireless Strategic Plan March 2023
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W W W .M AG EL L AN B RO AD B A ND. C O M 2
T A B LE OF CONT EN T S 1. Executive Summary ........................................................................................ 4 Recommendations .................................................................................................... 13 2. Background ................................................................................................. 16 2.1 Community Overview .......................................................................................... 16 2.2 City Plans and Goals ............................................................................................ 18 2.3 Existing and Planned Fiber Assets ......................................................................... 19 2.4 Current Wireless Connectivity .............................................................................. 21 3. Needs Assessment ........................................................................................ 24 3.1 Current Connectivity ........................................................................................... 24 3.2 Short-term Issues and Plans ................................................................................. 27 3.3 Long-term Goals, Major Issues and Trends ............................................................ 28 4. Technology Options ...................................................................................... 30 4.1 Wireless Technologies ......................................................................................... 31 4.2 Current Technology base ..................................................................................... 38 5. Wireless Network Design .............................................................................. 40 5.1 Parks and Community Centers .............................................................................. 40 5.2 Business and Entertainment Corridors .................................................................. 43 5.3 Areas with Low Broadband Adoption .................................................................... 46 5.4 Support for Smart City Applications ...................................................................... 48 5.5 Coverage Analysis ............................................................................................... 48 6. Business Models & Cost Evaluation ................................................................ 53 6.1 Policy and Governance Structure .......................................................................... 53 6.2 Estimated Costs .................................................................................................. 54 6.3 Revenue Opportunities........................................................................................ 58 6.4 Funding Options ................................................................................................. 60 7. Recommendations & Next Steps .................................................................... 61 8. Appendix A: Park Wi-Fi ................................................................................. 63 14 of 93

W W W .M AG EL L AN B RO AD B A ND. C O M 3
T A B LE OF F I G U RES Figure 1-1. Priority Parks, Commercial Corridors and Existing Fiber ..................................... 5 Figure 1-2. Wireless Access Locations and New City Fiber ...................................................... 6 Figure 1-3. Census Blocks with Less Than Fifty Percent Broadband Adoption ....................... 9 Figure 1-4. Private LTE Coverage............................................................................................ 10 Figure 2-1. Existing Fiber Optic Assets ................................................................................... 20 Figure 2-2. Planned Fiber Optic Assets .................................................................................. 21 Figure 4-1. Speeds Associated with Internet Technologies ................................................... 31 Figure 4-2. CBRS Equipment ................................................................................................... 32 Figure 4-3. CBRS User Tiers .................................................................................................... 34 Figure 4-4. Point-to-Point (PtP) Equipment ............................................................................ 35 Figure 4-5. Examples of integrated Cellular Wi-Fi hotspots for residential (TelRad and Zyxel), enterprise (Ruckus), and industrial (MultiTech) settings; each of which is approximately 6 inches in size. .............................................................................................. 36 Figure 5-1. Key Park Locations in Relation to Fiber Optic Asset Locations........................... 42 Figure 5-2. Business & Entertainment Corridors ................................................................... 43 Figure 5-3. Artsakh Ave ........................................................................................................... 44 Figure 5-4. Brand and Central ................................................................................................ 44 Figure 5-5. Glenoaks Ave ........................................................................................................ 45 Figure 5-6. Kenneth Rd. .......................................................................................................... 45 Figure 5-7. Glendale Ave ......................................................................................................... 45 Figure 5-8. Census Area Block Groups with Low Broadband Adoption ................................ 46 Figure 5-9. Fixed Wireless Coverage Analysis Map ................................................................ 49 Figure 5-10. Mobile Wireless Coverage Analysis Map ........................................................... 51 T A B LE OF T AB L ES Table 1-1. Wireless Access Points Included in Design ............................................................. 8 Table 1-2. Cost for Deployment By Phase.............................................................................. 11 Table 1-3. Glendale Network Estimated Monthly Operating Expenses ................................ 12 Table 2-1. Percentage of Employed Population by Occupational Area ................................. 17 Table 2-2. Percentage of Employed Population by Economic Sector .................................... 17 Table 4-1. Data Usage by Application .................................................................................... 30 Table 5-1. Demographics of Underserved Areas in Glendale ............................................... 47 Table 6-1. CBRS Distribution Network Capital Expense ........................................................ 54 Table 6-2. CBRS CPE Costs ...................................................................................................... 55 Table 6-3. Glendale Wi-Fi Access Network Capital Expense ................................................. 56 Table 6-3. Total Network Deployment Costs ......................................................................... 56 Table 6-4. Glendale CBRS Network Estimated Monthly Operating Expenses ....................... 57 Table 6-5. Installation Contractors......................................................................................... 58 15 of 93

W W W .M AG EL L AN B RO AD B A ND. C O M 4

1. Executive Summary As technology becomes increasingly integrated into daily life, high-speed internet has become an essential utility. Broadband, defined by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as high-speed internet connections with minimum speeds of 25 Mbps download and 3 Mbps upload, is now a key consideration as cities plan for the future of their communities. The COVID-19 pandemic, during which in-person activities were canceled and rapid shifts were made to online work, learning, and recreation, exposed the need for more equitable, ubiquitous broadband to support communities. The City of Glendale has already begun to invest in broadband by expanding existing fiber-optic infrastructure owned and managed by , Glendale Water & Power. In addition, the City hired Magellan Advisors to develop this Wireless Strategic Plan that will complement and leverage the expansion of wired (fiber) infrastructure by providing flexible, easy-to-access high-speed internet via wireless connections that will serve constituents and support City operations. To this end, Magellan conducted seventeen (17) interviews with forty-two (42) City staff members representing key stakeholder departments and functions. Interviewees were asked about current connectivity and related issues, short-term plans for changes and upgrades, long-term goals, and key issues or trends that might impact their need for connectivity. Upon reviewing the needs of the Glendale community, Magellan Advisors created a wireless network design based on the following priorities: 1. Provide expanded wireless services in key park locations with an emphasis on facilities that are equipped with community centers and/or rooms supporting community programs and services 2. Provide options for wireless connectivity in other key locations including business and entertainment corridors 3. Enable municipal and Smart City connectivity to streamline work for mobile City and Public Safety operations in the field 4. Include options for expansion of the network to provide wireless connectivity to residential locations with low broadband adoption rate (less than 50%) 16 of 93

W W W .M AG EL L AN B RO AD B A ND. C O M5
The design connects key business and entertainment corridors and City-owned parks, envisioning these public locations as internet access points -speed internet access. The design also includes consideration of where the City currently has fiber-optic assets and where those assets will be expanded in the future enablingwireless service deployment as envisioned. Maps of these existing fiber and new fiber locations are displayed in the figures below.

Existing Aerial Backbone Wireless CorridorExisting Underground Backbone Priority Park------City BoundaryFigure 1-1. Priority Parks, Commercial Corridors and Existing Fiber 17 of 93

W W W .M AG EL L AN B RO AD B A ND. C O M6
New Backbone Fiber New Underground Fiber Wireless CorridorNew Aerial FiberPriority Park------- City BoundaryFigure 1-2. Wireless Access Locations and New City Fiber 18 of 93

W W W .M AG EL L AN B RO AD B A ND. C O M 7
The addition of a total of seventy-eight (78) net new Wi-Fi access points (APs) are included in this conceptual design, as shown in the table below. These APs will be mounted at locations inside buildings, on light poles, and externally on City-owned buildings to avoid recurring costs for leasing space. At park locations, the wireless network is designed to cover locations where people congregate such as community center buildings, recreational facilities, bleachers, and picnic areas. The network deployment should be approached in a phased manner, in optic backbone network and the new fiber backbone project phases since the fiber will support the delivery of internet services through wireless network should be prioritized highest including Brand Park, Pacific Park & Pool, Civic Auditorium and the portion of Artsakh Ave between Broadway and Harvard St. The following table describes the expansion implementation phases noting the location, Wi-Fi expansion phase, number of APs and whether they are indoor or outdoor. 19 of 93

W W W .M AG EL L AN B RO AD B A ND. C O M 8
Table 1-1. Wireless Access Points Included in Design N A M E W I - F I E X P A N S IO N P H A S E N E W A C C E S S P O I N T S I N D O O R / O U T D O O R PRIORITY PARKS PACIFIC PARK & POOL 1 3 0 indoor 3 outdoor CIVIC AUDITORIUM 1 1 0 indoor 1 outdoor BRAND PARK 1 3 0 indoor 3 outdoor CIVIC CENTER 1 1 0 indoor 1 outdoor GLENDALE HERITAGE GARDEN 2 4 3 indoor 1 outdoor GLENOAKS PARK 2 2 0 indoor 2 outdoor SPARR HEIGHTS 2 1 0 indoor 1 outdoor GLENDALE SPORTS COMPLEX 2 3 2 indoor 1 outdoor DUNSMORE PARK 2 4 2 indoor 2 outdoor COMMERCIAL CORRIDORS ARTSAKH (BROADWAY-HARVARD) 1 2 2 outdoor ARTSAKH (WILSON-BROADWAY) 2 2 2 outdoor BRAND BLVD 2 7 7 outdoor GLENOAKS BLVD 2 4 4 outdoor CENTRAL BLVD 2 7 7 outdoor GLENDALE AVE 2 8 8 outdoor KENNETH RD 2 2 2 outdoor UNDERSERVED CENSUS BLOCKS 16014 3 3 3 outdoor 25042 3 3 3 outdoor 12043 3 3 3 outdoor 25051 3 3 3 outdoor 25043 3 3 3 outdoor 24011 3 3 3 outdoor 16011 3 3 3 outdoor 24014 3 3 3 outdoor 4 SITE CBRS NETWORK In another phase, the City should consider implementation of Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS), explained in detail in the Technology Options section of this report, to develop a network to support deployment 20 of 93

W W W .M AG EL L AN B RO AD B A ND. C O M 9
of high-speed wireless service directly to identified underserved areas. Demographic information including Census data about broadband adopt ion rates was examined to identify locations in the City where residents did not currently have broadband connections in their homes. Eight (8) census block groups with less than 50% broadband adoption were identified as priority areas for connectivity, shown in the map below (Figure 1-3). Initially, this plan allocates three (3) CBRS modems and three (3) Wi-Fi access points to each underserved area. These devices can be used to provide internet access in public spaces in the underserved areas.

Figure 1-3. Census Blocks with Less Than Fifty Percent Broadband Adoption There is also a need for better wireless coverage in the canyon areas within the City. A four (4) site CBRS network, as illustrated in the figure below, can serve both purposes with minimal investment in spectrum and equipment. This network proposes use of City-owned sites at Mt. Thom, Adams Hill, Mt. San Augustine, and Deukmejian Park. 21 of 93

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Figure 1-4. Private LTE Coverage To establish Wi-Fi access in the parks and corridors as well as deploying Wi-Fi in underserved areas connected by a CBRS network total cost would be approximately $1,052,296 (including professional services). Supplemental access infrastructure can be added at a marginal cost to further expand coverage. 22 of 93

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This total cost could be broken into phases that follow the fiber deployment. The phases and costs are shown in the table below. P H A S E L O C A T I O N S C O S T PHASE 1 WI-FI PARKS+CORRIDORS 6 $63.500 PHASE 2 WI-FI UNDERSERVED AREAS+CBRS EQUIPMENT 12 $576,540 PHASE 3 WI-FI PARKS+CORRIDORS 4 $275,000 SUBTOTAL $915,040 CONTINGENCY 15% $137,256 TOTAL $1,052,296 Table 1-2. Cost for Deployment By Phase Monthly CBRS operating expenses are low, shown in the table below, including utilities for CBRS cell sites. It is assumed that pole attachments for the Wi-Fi are free since Glendale owns the poles. CBRS Customer-Premises Equipment (CPE) must be part of a Spectrum Access System (SAS), which is available as a software service, to manage radio spectrum and ensure users do not interfere with other priority users. Utility costs depicted are approximate. While tower and water tank rental is not included in this design, because the towers on Mt. Thom and Mt. San Augustine as well as the water tanks on Adams Hill and at Deukmejian Park are owned by the City, rental costs may be required in the future to expand the CBRS portion of the Glendale wireless network using leased commercial facilities. 23 of 93

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Table 1-3. Glendale Network Estimated Monthly Operating Expenses I T E M C O S T U N I T S T O T A L C O S T ADDITIONAL INTERNET BANDWIDTH $2000 1 $2000 Utilities 4 Tower Sites $100 4 $400 CPE SAS cost $3 8 $24 Subtotal $2424 Contingency 15% $364 Total Estimated Cost/Month $2788 Development of up to three captive portal launch pages will also be required, including one for Community Services and Parks facilities, one for commercial and entertainment corridors, and one for other public facilities. These will require one-time costs of approximately $2,500 total. This may be done by existing City staff, or, if the City chooses, it could be contracted to a third party. Labor services are required to implement this plan, including operating and providing ongoing Wi-Fi and wireless services. Account and content management will be necessary for enhanced access, captive portal, and related services. This can presumably be The extent of these requirements depends on the manner in which the plan is implemented and how the network is governed. serve residents that do not have access to high-speed broadband, the services should be provided at no cost to the community to address lack of broadband access and adoption. Therefore, we do not foresee any revenue opportunities being generated by the network. To address digital inclusion, the program should be governed by a board of departmental representatives supplemented by a Community Advisory Committee. We recommend the advisory committee be comprised of equal numbers of residential, small business, community anchor institution, non-profit, and major industry representatives, selected by City Council members. Efforts to increase digital inclusion will require a Program Manager who should submit an annual plan, including budget, to the Advisory Committee and board. The City could also pursue additional digital 24 of 93

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inclusion efforts by partnering with groups with a history of addressing these issues in order to build content and conduct programs for Glendale1. Goals and objectives for the program should be based on the operational and developmental priorities. Investment in the network should Utilization and impact metrics should be linked to goals for community and economic development, public safety, public works, transportation, and utilities. The City should develop a program prospectus based on strategic focus. We recommend approaching this as an integratedfiber, Wi-Fi and wirelessplatform focused on digital empowerment and transformation. R EC OM M EN D A TI ON S 1. Develop a strategic framework, program prospectus, and governance structure. fiber, Wi-Fi and wirelessin a comprehensive, integrated manner. Approach it as a platform for digital empowerment and transformation. Define developmental and operational goals, objectives, and results with metrics based on overall City priorities. The governance structure should include community stakeholders and key City departments including Community Services & Parks, Community Development, Library, Arts, & Culture, and IT. 2. Replace parking meters to address the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) The GSM technology is at the end of its life and Verizon and AT&T have announced dates in 2022 for removing the service. New meters with LTE modems may give better coverage where GSM signal coverage has been problematic. Ensure the replacement meters can support CBRS band 48. 3. Install APs where fiber is currently deployed. already been extended can be equipped with APs with minimal 1 Digital inclusion resources include the International Telecommunications Union (https://www.itu.int/en/mediacentre/backgrounders/Pages/digital-inclusion-of-youth.aspx) and the Nation Digital Inclusion Alliance (https://www.digitalinclusion.org/). 25 of 93

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incremental investment. Amongst these sites are both Community Services and Parks sites and Business and Entertainment corridors including Brand Park, Pacific Park & Pool, the Civic Auditorium and the portion of Artsakh Ave between Broadway and Harvard St. 4. Install commercial corridor APs as fiber is deployed. Major business and entertainment corridors can be connected in a phased approach based on the location of City-owned fiber that will support the wireless access points. Brand Blvd, Glenoaks Blvd and the portion of Artsakh Ave between Wilson Ave and Broadway should be connected in fiber Phase 0. The remainder of Artsakh and Glenoaks Blvd can be connected in fiber Phase 1. Central Blvd and Glendale Ave can be connected in fiber Phase 2, and Kenneth Rd can be connected in fiber Phase 3. 5. Install Wi-Fi at priority parks and community centers as fiber is deployed. Similarly, park locations should be connected based on the location of City-owned fiber. Pacific Park & Pool, the Civic Auditorium, and Brand Park can be connected in fiber Phase 0. Glendale Heritage Garden and Glenoaks Park should be connected in fiber Phase 2. Sparr Heights, Glendale Sports Complex, and Dunsmore Park can be connected in Phase 3 of the fiber build. 6. Deploy 4 Site CBRS Network Install the 4 sites in phases as particular coverage is desired. The network uses existing Glendale owned city assets. Connectivity of the CBRS equipment to the backbone network can be achieved via E-band microwave. This installation will allow coverage of the areas designated as underserved with flexible placement of CPE units on buildings or other assets as needed to satisfy demand in the 8 areas. This deployment will also allow better LTE coverage for the canyon areas around the Verdugo Mountains. 7. Develop digital inclusion content and programs to capitalize on network assets. The programs will undoubtedly focus on access so it might be necessary to directly engage residents and other City personnel. Engagement might include basic equipment installation, skills training, and technical support. External and internal partners will be critical for this step, 26 of 93

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particularly to address the needs of disadvantaged populations. Be sure they are actively involved and continually work to engage additional partners as the network and program develop. Consider reaching out to entities such as the National Digital Inclusion Alliance for assistance. 8. Dedicate a full-time City staff member to oversee digital inclusion and broadband initiatives. digital inclusion and broadband programs, including the implementation of this Plan. Responsibilities for this full-time position should include tracking funding sources such as state and federal grant opportunities, collaborating with community leaders for digital inclusion programs, and ensuring that broadband initiatives are included in all City projects. 27 of 93

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2. Background 2 . 1 C OMM UN I T Y O VE RV I EW Glendale covers 30.6 square miles of Los Angeles County in southern California, directly north of the City of Los Angeles, between Burbank to the west and Pasadena to the east. The Verdugo Mountains (the Verdugos) cover approximately a third of that area, separating north Glendale from south. South Glendale is densely developed, as is much of north Glendale, which has unincorporated areas to the east and west and extends into the San Gabriel Mountains to the north. Interstate 5 passes through the southwest corner of the city. Interstate 210 skirts north Glendale, along the north side of the Verdugos. State Route 134 passes longitudinally through central Glendale and State Route 2 is the major north-south connector, through the Verdugos, from I-210, to SR 134, and southwest into Los Angeles. The population in 2020 was 196,563, an increase of 2.5% over 2010.2 As of 2019 it was estimated that 18% of the population was under 18 years of age, and another 18% was 65 or older, which means Glendale skewed slightly older than both the state and nation and had more working age adults. The City has more females in the population, and a higher percentage of white residents than the state but more non-white residents than the nation. There are more Asian but less Hispanic residents than California as a whole, and Glendale had substantially less black population than the state, which is half the percentage of the nation. Residents were well educated: over 40% had a Bhigher-level college degree, compared to 34% for California and 32% for the country. While median household income was higher than the nation, it was 12% ($9,000) less than the state. The percentage of persons in poverty was significantly higher than elsewhere: 13.5% for the City of Glendale compared to 11.8% across California and 11.4% for the United States. Glendale residents tend to be renters. Only a third of the housing units in Glendale were owner-occupied in 2019, which is about half of the rate for the rest of the United States. Median home values were 50% higher than California, 2 All demographic and economic characteristics are sourced from the U.S. Census Bureau, unless otherwise noted, accessed via https://data.census.gov/cedsci/. 28 of 93

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overall, and 250% higher than the entire nation. Low-income (Section 8) housing is located throughout the City. Table 2-1. Percentage of Employed Population by Occupational Area O C C U P A T I O N A L A R E A S T A T I S T I C Civilian employed population 16 years and over 100,968 Management, business, science, and arts 46.4% Service 17.1% Sales and office 22.1% Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 6.3% Production, transportation, and material moving 8.2% Glendale had relatively more Arts, Business, and Science professionals than elsewhere, with nearly half of the workforce of over 100,000 in those occupations, as shown in the table below. Sales and Office occupations were also relatively more common, albeit half those in Arts, Business, and Science. Service were comparatively low, as were Construction, Maintenance, and Natural Resource occupations, but notably weak occupations were in Production and Transportation. Not only were just over 8% of workers in those occupations, that statistic was substantially lower than the state (11.9%) and nation (13.2%). Workers in Glendale were more likely to work from home, walk to work, or use other means to commute than workers across the state and nation, and much less likely to carpool or use public transportation. Table 2-2. Percentage of Employed Population by Economic Sector E C O N O M I C S E C T O R S T A T I S T I C Civilian employed population 16 years and over 100,968 Educational services, and health care and social assistance 26.0% Professional, scientific, management, and administrative 13.2% Retail trade 10.8% Arts, entertainment, food, hospitality, and recreation services 10.8% Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 6.6% Other services, except public administration 6.4% Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 5.5% Construction 5.1% 29 of 93

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E C O N O M I C S E C T O R S T A T I S T I C Information 5.0% Manufacturing 4.9% Public administration 3.1% Wholesale trade 2.4% Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 0.1% Over a quarter of the workforce was employed in the education, health, and social service sector, as shown in Table 2-2, which is relatively more than the comparative strength was in the Information sector. Nearly three times the percentage of the nation (1.9%) and three-quarters more percentage than the state (2.8%). The second largest sector in terms of employees consisted of Professional, Scientific, Management, and Administrative companies. Glendale had relatively more of these than the country overall but not the state. Glendale also had comparatively more employees in the other services sector. The City was weak in Wholesale Trade, Construction, Manufacturing, and, especially, extractive industries. 2 . 2 C I T Y P L AN S A N D G OAL S envisions high density residential in central and southern Glendale. Commercial and moderate density residential areas are planned to be distributed throughout the City, along major corridors. Industrial is concentrated along the CGolden State Freeway and railroad tracks (Metrolink) and San Fernando Rd. Neighborhood character and transportation options are featured prominently in plans for Glendale. North Glendale plans emphasized open space. Connectedness and safety were more prominent needs for southern Glendale. Glendale envisions itself an -friendly and provides a vibrant environment for people to live, work, and be entertained. A goal is to concentrate growth in Downtownalong Brand and Central, from Glenoaks and SR 134 on the north, to Elk and Glendale to the south and east, with Glendale Galleria to the westto improve quality of place and relieve growth pressures on other parts of the City. Another goal is to grow the local tech sectorparticularly biopharmaceuticals & medical devices, architectural & engineering services, and wholesale activities related to high 30 of 93

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tech. The City also plans to maintain industrial and manufacturing space in west Glendale and attract medical-related uses to north Glendale. Building the Cinnovation are two key tactics. Brand Boulevard was identified as a prime area to develop creative office space, including co-working facilities and space for startups. Easy transportation options in the area and sense of place are seen as important, as is continuing education. More recently this has refocused to the Arts & Entertainment District along Artsakh Ave, which runs parallel to Brand Blvd for two blocks, as an area of theaters, nightclubs, music or comedy clubs, art galleries, concept stores, and other similar venues with a mixed-use, mixed-income neighborhood environment. 2 . 3 EX I ST I NG A ND P L A NNED FI B ER A SS ET S For more than 100 years, the City has owned and operated a municipal utility, Glendale Water & Power (GWP), which currently serves over 34,000 water and 89,000 electric customers. Over the course of the last three decades, a citywide fiber-optic network has been deployed primarily to including equipment control, environmental monitoring, and communications for the utility. Glendale has also offered dark fiber services to some commercial users for nearly twenty years. fiber backbone network includes existing fiber-optic cable throughout the City. In 2016, the City commissioned a Fiber Optic Business Plan thaadditional commercial customers, allowing the City to enhance economic development opportunities by offering competitive broadband offerings to businesses. Design engineering is currently underway for the expansion of the to provide new service offerings. The maps below display the location of existing and planned fiber assets in Glendale. 31 of 93

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Existing Aerial BackboneExisting Underground BackboneFigure 2-1. Existing Fiber Optic Assets 32 of 93

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New Backbone Fiber New Underground Fiber Lateral Extension New Aerial Fiber Lateral Extension ---- City Boundary Figure 2-2. Planned Fiber Optic Assets (Lateral Extensions Not Yet Approved or Funded) 2 . 4 C U R REN T WI R EL E SS CON N E CT I V I T Y Glendale uses a cloud managed Meraki MR Access Point (AP) architecture to provide wireless network services including internet access at forty-one (41) 33 of 93

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City facilities simultaneously supporting and community needs. existing fiber-optic assets, but a small number of them are connected via third party services. Italicized site names on the list below indicate that these locations have Wi-Fi that supports both City internal operations and community needs. The number in round brackets following each site name indicates that quantity of wireless access points (APs) currently servicing the interior\indoor service areas. Connected sites include: Park Sites: Brand Park - Maintenance Operations (1) Pacific Edison - Pool (1) Dunsmore Park - Community Center3 Deukmejian Park - Le Mesnager Barn (1-Indoors, 1-Outdoors) Community Centers: Adult Recreation Center (7-Indoors, 1-Outdoors) Maple Park (5) Pacific Edison (6) Sparr Heights (3) Community Service Sites: Civic Auditorium (5) Verdugo Jobs Center (1) Library Sites: Adams Square (1) Brand (8) Casa Verdugo (3) Central (38-Indoors, 1-Outdoors) Chevy Chase (1) Grand View (3) Montrose (3) Pacific Edison (3) Civic Center Buildings: City Hall (18) 3 Dunsmore Park Community Center wireless services are carrier\ISP based and do not utilize CoG fiber, core network routing services, nor Meraki Wireless. 34 of 93

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Municipal Services Building (12) Perkins Building (15) Fire Department Sites: Fire Prevention/Environmental Management Center (1) Fire Station 21 (6) Fire Station 22 (4) Fire Station 23 (2) Fire Station 24 (2) Fire Station 25 (2) Fire Station 26 (1) Fire Station 27 (2) Fire Station 28 (2) Fire Station 29 (3) Fire Training Center (2) Police Department Sites: Police Headquarters (45) Firing Range (2) Galleria Substation (2) Heliport (3) Internal Operations Sites: Beeline Maintenance Facility (3) General Services Building (3) GWP Utility Operations Center (5) Integrated Waste Management (2) Mount Thom - Radio Site (1)4 Public Works Yard (6) 4 Mount Thom point-to-point Ubiquiti Networks airFiber 5 GHz Full Duplex Point-to-Point Gigabit Radios. 35 of 93

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24 3. Needs Assessment 3 . 1 C U R REN T CO NN E C T I VIT Y The City of Glendale operates a secure enterprise Wi-Fi network for internal operations. It has two open public Wi-Fi networks, one for community centers and parks and another for libraries. It also operates a Wi-Fi mesh network which is utilized as the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). Numerous functions within the City rely on cellular services for data connections in the field. Traffic management, in contrast, does not use any wireless; traffic signals are all fiber-connected. Public Wi-Fi The City of Glendale public Wi-Fi covers the main interior areas of the Pacific Community Center. Other community centers with Wi-Fi include the Adult Recreation Center, Maple Park, and Sparr Heights. At Deukmejian Park, Wi-Fi is available within the exterior entrance courtyard and interior areas of the Le Mesnager Barn. The interior of the Glendale Civic Auditorium and Verdugo Jobs Center also have public Wi-Fi. The policy is to turn off Wi-Fi services after hours at library locations. Dunsmore Park has Wi-Fi with internet via retail broadband, and the Verdugo Skate Park uses a cellular Wi-Fi hotspot. The Community Services and Parks department identified multiple sites that could benefit from public Wi-Fi. These identified priority sites are included in the design contained within this report including proposed Wi-Fi installations to provide service at these locations. All eight (8) Libraries employ a separate library specific public Wi-Fi SSID. Public Wi-Fi service has been extended to the outdoor area adjacent to the main entrance on the north side of the Central Library. The Civic Center/City Hall campus has limited public Wi-Fi service coverage outdoors in Parcher Plaza. The indoors coverage of the public Wi-Fi seems adequate, although most locations have some coverage gaps. City provided outdoor Wi-Fi is very limited. Open spaces and outdoor recreation areas in parks do not have Wi-Fi and parking lots of libraries generally are not covered. It is notable that many of the community centers, parks, and other sites are adjacent to Glendale Unified School District sites and some parks activities/programs 36 of 93

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25 occur at school facilities. It is not clear to what extent the Glendale Unified School District has implemented outdoor public Wi-Fi. Facilities of some outside agencies that work with the City to provide social services were characterized as under-served. Wi-Fi in shelters seems to be limited at best. Low-income housing does not have any policies or formal requirements for connectivity, specifically for safety purposes, and it was not clear if Wi-Fi or similar is common in affordable housing units. There was some concern that outdoor public Wi-Fi could lead to loitering and misuse. Regardless, there was general interest and support for extending Wi-Fi into public spaces, including commercial districts, particularly Downtown, and specifically along Artsakh Ave and Brand Blvd. Enterprise Wi-Fi The enterprise Wi-Fi covers most City facilities, including Fire and Police stations. The Public Works Yard, Parks Maintenance, Police shooting range, Public Transportation maintenance facilities, and the trailers located at the Utility Operations Center (UOC) were noted as sites where additional Wi-Fi service is desired. The Perkins Building 1st floor Business System Support Office Area was expected to need additional coverage for an expansion. Expansion of public Wi-Fi in parks and public spaces would enable secure enterprise connectivity, too. Enterprise connectivity enables a range of applications to automate and improve municipal operations, most of which are being supported by cellular connections, as described below. The Community Services and Parks department, for example, wanted to use Wi-Fi for facilities security, point-of-sale transactions, reservations, and other purposes but requires additional connectivity. Police, as another example, upload body camera video at their stations via Wi-Fi. Utility Wi-Fi and Other Wireless Glendale Water and Power (GWP) also operates a separate Tropos5 Wi-Fi mesh network for advanced meter infrastructure, electric and water Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, and 5 Originally an independent company, Tropos Networks was acquired by ABB in 2012 and 37 of 93

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26 surveillance cameras. GWP modernized its operations beginning in 2008 with grants from the U.S. Department of Energy and California Energy Commission. Connected meters, including consumer-facing Home Area Network (HAN), and water endpoints, enabled GWP to better manage demand, improve billing, pinpoint leaks, and reduce fleet costs. Monitoring and control of power and water infrastructure led to few losses and lower costs while improving fault detection, outage management, and overall reliability. Public Works also uses the Tropos network to control and monitor a sewer lift station. Parks have automated irrigation, but it was not clear how this was controlled. Some City parking garages have site specific Wi-Fi that is used with sensors to display available spaces on signs at the entrances. Beyond the Tropos Wi-Fi, GWP uses a variety of wireless technologies, including proprietary Itron6 gear. Generally, this equipment aggregates data from remote devices for delivery to the utility. Itron collectors acquire data from water endpoints and meters via radio frequency (RF) local area network (LAN) using a combination of 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, and 5.8 GHz unlicensed spectrum bands. Itron uses Zigbee, which also operates 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz bands, for home-area networks, including meters. The collectors then connect via Wi-Fi, using those same frequencies, to backhaul data into the AMI management system. Cellular Data Services The City of Glendale makes extensive use of cellular data services, mostly from Verizon. The two general uses are for mobile, vehicle-based connectivity and for individual tablet computers (particularly, iPads). The Fire Department uses cellular CradlePoint mobile routers to access data from dispatch, maps, plans, and other resources. Police have a similar arrangement also using CradlePoint mobile routers, which automatically switch between cellular data and Wi-Fi. Their in-car camera video, records management system, and other applications operate via the mobile routers. Cellular connections were also used for Automatic License Plate Reader (ALPR) and other surveillance. The City does not have signal prioritization for emergency vehicles or public transit. 6 Itron, Inc., provides products and services for energy and water management , including network gear and smart meter devices. 38 of 93

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27 Community Services uses cellular connections in outreach to persons experiencing homelessnessHomeless Management Information System (HMIS) in partnership with Ascencia and the Glendale Policeand for access to online recreation applications (ePACT for collecting emergency contact information and RecTrac for registration and reservations). Section 8 housing inspections are paperless, typically completed with a tablet on-site (virtual during pandemic) and uploaded at the office. Driver communications, telematics, and vehicle tracking (accessed via NextBus app) for the Transit department was via cellular. Automated parking meters connect via cellular, as do parking enforcement personnel, which need to be on the same network with ubiquitous coverage for operational purposes. Parks and Public Works maintenance use cell-connected tablets for forestry, traffic, and wastewater. Public Works recently culminated a 10-year project to digitize field record-keeping, which is done via iPads (and seven (7) 2-person crews). They also had means to automatically identify sewer backups that were presumably connected via cell. Waste Management was introducing an app for routing and work orders on vehicle-mounted, cell-connected tablets. Facilities and Fleet personnel had tablets, too, but those were Wi-Fi only, no cell connections. 3 . 2 SH OR T - T ER M I S S U ES A N D P LA N S Possibly the most pressing short-term issue was with Parking: the pending elimination of 3G cellular services in February 2022. Many parking meters are equipped with legacy 3G modems that would need to be replaced. Spotty cellular coverage was a related issue. While reported as an issue mostly in the canyons and remote areas of the municipality, cellular coverage gaps were evident along Brand Blvd, in the heart of the City, as well as in several buildings (basement of the Central Library and top floors of the Municipal Services Building), parks, and parking garages. Verizon reportedly planned to add an antenna in one parking area (Lot 6) to close a gap, but this would do little to address the overall issue. This was especially an issue for first responders. It impacted other field personnel and limited the efficacy of various efforts to digitize and improve operations. It was also an issue for the Library, Arts and Culture department as it checks out cellular Wi-Fi hotspots to library patrons. 39 of 93

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28 The reports of gaps in coverage for Wi-Fi and Cellular networks are largely anecdotal and limited data have been collected to support the concerns as of the writing of this report. To accurately address these issues, the City could purchase field test software that would measure and map both cellular and Wi-Fi performance data. This software is typically installed on cell phones and tablet devices and can be installed on City users devices to allow passive measurement as they travel around performing normal duties. There are plans in various departments that would increase the need for cellular or other wireless connectivity. The Community Development Department plans to go paperless with a transition to digital plans, permitting, and inspections software. Although not implemented at the time of this report, the plan is for field personnel to use tablets for on-site, real-time access and reporting. Public Works has similar plans. GWP is planning a pilot test migration of a subset of the Tropos network to utilize cellular LTE data communications services as the backhaul communications. The Wastewater division of the Public Works department is working to get data, including video, directly from sewer inspection trucks to customize maintenance around priorities, to be more efficient and effective. Waste bins are being updated with RFID tags to work with garbage truck routing software. There is a general need for additional security surveillance, particularly at parks and in public spaces, including drones. GWP has its own camera system, there are multiple cameras on City Beeline buses, and the City has numerous traffic cameras. 911 dispatch can access video from schools, but officers have no real-time access to any of these systems. 3 . 3 L ON G - T ER M G OA L S, M A J O R I SS U ES AN D T R EN D S A major issue for City Council and impetus for this planbasic connectivity for all of Glendalewas not directly addressed by most interviewees. They were focused on internal operational issues. To the extent that this issue was addressed, it focused on sites for public Wi-Fi, particularly libraries and parks. Both sought to expand public Wi-Fi into outdoor areas. The Community Services and Parks department wanted to provide Wi-Fi at more facilities. Economic Development representatives asked for public Wi-Fi downtown, specifically along Artsakh Ave. 40 of 93

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29 These goals dovetail directly with needs for increased connectivity for field personnel, noted above. While we did not interview external stakeholders, schools typically have related issues with online learning, and similar needs are emerging for telehealth access, especially for seniors. Of course, a wide variety of private enterprises also need flexible, reliable connectivity. These connectivity needs for entertainment, general interest, interpersonal communications, and other casual purposes. A related general issue is the difficulty of and resistance to establishing new cell sites in urban areas, particularly in California. Again, we did not is in Glendale. It was noted that cellular providers are not allowed to mount cells on utility poles due to the size of equipment and concerns about electromagnetic radiation (radio waves). They are allowed to use street light poles for mounting cells. Another related issue is the need for some means to connect remotely mounted these connections can be via point-to-point wireless (typically in the microwave range) but fiber is preferable due to greater capacity and reliability. An on-going plan to deploy an expanded City-owned fiber backbone throughout Glendale may address part of this issue. The key to resolving this issue is sites within coverage gap areas that are amenable to deploying wireless infrastructure, including readily available fiber. 41 of 93

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30 4. Technology Options a high-capacity transmission technique using a wide range of frequencies, which enables many messages to be communicated simultaneously. There is no one technology that can accomplish this task in a complete, affordable way. It is accomplished by combinations of technologies working together, including copper wires and cabling, fiber optics, wireless, and satellite. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) defines broadband as high-speed internet that reliably delivers speeds of at least 25 Mbps download and 3 Mbps upload. However, as the shift to virtual work, online learning, and telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated, the number of users, devices, and type of internet usage will ultimately define the broadband needs of each household. The more users and the types of activities the internet is used for will increase the demand for higher bandwidth speeds. For example, if two people are working from home and need to connect to online conference calls in combination with children doing distance learning and streaming videos for classes, the bandwidth needs would greatly surpass the Federal 25/3 Mbps definition and could easily require at least 100-200 Mbps. The table below displays average data usage for common activities. Table 4-1. Data Usage by Application Internet activity Average Email 20KB Email (with attachment) 300KB Downloading a song 4MB Browsing the web 15MB per hour Instagram 100MB per hour Facebook 156MB per hour Twitter 360MB per hour Streaming standard-definition (SD) video 700MB per hour Streaming high-definition (HD) video 2.5GB per hour Streaming ultra-HD (4K) video 5.8GB per hour Streaming music 72MB per hour Online gaming 80MB per hour 42 of 93

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31 There are only a few ways to build networks capable of supporting these speeds. As shown in the figure below, fiber optics is often used to support the ultra-high broadband demands being placed on networks in the digital age. Fiber optics uses pulsating light to transmit data through flexible glass the speed of light. Fiber uses technology that allows for symmetrical speeds, equal upload and download, allowing for sufficient bandwidth to support users to both send and receive large amounts of data needed for applications such as video conferencing.Figure 4-1. Speeds Associated with Internet Technologies4 . 1 W I R ELE SS T ECH N O L OG IE SWireless technology uses radio waves to transmit data and connects computers, devices, smart phones, etc. to the internet. The terms wireless and Wi-Fi are often used synonymously but should not be.Wi-Fi refers to a wireless LAN (Local Area Network) connecting to a router or gateway which has internet connectivity. Wi-Fi typically uses a Service SetIdentifier (SSID) and a password to authenticate connections to the network.The term wireless refers to connecting to the internet through mobile communication provider cell towers and the use of antennas. 43 of 93

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32 The antennas have an internet connection supplied by an internet service provider (ISP). Wireless technology typically uses Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) cards for authenticating and securing device connections.Wireless technology has come a long way in the past few years including the FCC releasing more frequencies. Some of that frequency, such as Citizens Band Radio Service (CBRS), is open for use by cities with low-cost registration. Longer distance wireless technologies, like CBRS, are typicallylimited to under 100 Mbps and the uplink is usually less than the downlink. Other Wi-Fi technology like the 802.11 AC, AD, AX equipment (now called Wi-Fi 6) can achieve over 1 Gbps throughput but have relatively short range (200feet). CBRS is a point-to-multipoint system in which a single antenna-base station combination connects multiple user devices or other equipment. Each antenna covers from 30° to 360° around itwith a trade-off between coverage and powerand each base station can support a limited number of users. Therefore, more antennas and base stations equate to greater capacity and more users.

Figure 4-2. CBRS Equipment
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33 The combination of CBRS/LTE antenna, base station, and customer equipment, illustrated in Figure 4-2, comprises a Radio Access Network (RAN). A RAN has a network core that authenticates and authorizes user equipment and manages connections to multiple base stations. This allows for mobile roaming from base station to base station without loss of connectivity and makes RANs very secure. The channel sharing in CBRS is controlled by a Spectrum Access System (SAS). Each base station must be connected to the SAS to get a CBRS channel assigned. These SASs are operated by Google, CommScope and several other companies. They all are interconnected, and their operation is certified by the CBRS OnGo Alliance. CBRS uses the 3550-3700 MHz (3.5 GHz) shared spectrum, also known as LTE band 48. There are three (3) tiers of CBRS users, diagrammed in Figure 4-3. Current, Incumbent, tier 1 spectrum users, which include the US military, fixed satellite stations, and, for a limited time, Wireless Internet Services Providers (WISPs) are protected from interference by other users. Ten (10) Priority Access Licenses (PAL) for 10 MHz channels between 3550 and 3650 MHz. Up to seven (7) channels per county were auctioned off by the FCC in July 2020 to carriers, utility companies, cities, and other entities. These licensees are protected from interference by other users but may not interfere with Incumbent, tier 1 spectrum users. Any portion of the spectrum may be used without a license for General Authorized Access (GAA), but this may not interfere with Incumbent or PAL users. PAL does not cover the higher frequencies. 45 of 93

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34 Tier 3550 MHz 3600 MHz 3650 MHz 3700 MHz 1: Protected from interference by other users Fixed Satellite Stations Incumbent Access U.S. Military radar Incumbent Access 2: Licensed 10 MHz channels; must not interfere with tier 1 Priority Access License (PAL) 3: Must not cause interference; gets no protection from interference General Authorized Access (GAA) Figure 4-3. CBRS User Tiers CBRS use is managed by a Spectrum Access System (SAS) with which all Citizen Broadband Service Device (CBSD) base stations must be registered. There are two (2) classes of CBSD base stations. Class A base stations, which can transmit at 1 watt of power, are meant for smaller-scale indoor, enterprise, or campus use cases. Class B base stations can transmit at 50 watts, giving them much greater range. Strategically placed radio signal sensors ensure that uses do not interfere with higher priority users, particularly military radar. Another important characteristic of CBRS is that the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) protocol is commonly used with the spectrum. LTE is also used for 4G cellular data service, so it is widely implemented in user equipment. Smartphones and tablets, as well as fixed outdoor and indoor CPE, with antenna that operate in the CBRS bands are becoming more common and less expensive. It is reasonably easy and economical to add CBRS/LTE to devices without changing their operating characteristics or systems. Therefore, there are few barriers to end user adoption. 46 of 93

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35 Point-to-Point Connections
Figure 4-4. Point-to-Point (PtP) EquipmentPoint-to-point (PtP) connections use two antennas (and base stations) pointed directly at each other communicating via radio spectrum. The spectrum may be in either licensed (i.e., microwave) or unlicensed (Wi-Fi) bands. Licensed connections have less interference, are in the higher frequencies, and typically operate at higher power levels than un-licensed connections. Therefore, they can be high-capacity and reliable. While their performance does not approach that of fiber, neither does their cost. Equipment, diagrammed in Figure 4-4, can be as little a few hundred dollars, particularly for unlicensed spectrum.Wi-FiWi-that was developed to connect computers to a local area network (LAN) via unlicensed radio spectrum (utilizing the same frequencies used by cordless phones, garage door openers, and other non-network wireless devices). Wi-Fi is a Point-to-MultiPoint (PtMP) technology: Wi-Fi access points connect multiple devices within limited range, typically no more than 150 feet indoors and up to 1,500 feet outdoors under optimal conditions. There are multiple standards or versions of Wi-Fi. Some can provide up to 1 Gbps of 47 of 93

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36 throughput. Other new Wi-Fi standards can cover large areas with minimal power requirements.Wi-Fi coverage and speed depends on multiple factors such as buildings, foliage, and other physical barriers, interference from other spectrum users, radio spectrum used, transmission power, type of antenna(s), and weather. New versions of the Wi-Fi protocol operate at greater distances and/or speeds. Wi-Fi technology can be deployed PtP to interconnect sites and is being adapted for Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) applications.Figure 4-5. Examples of integrated Cellular Wi-Fi hotspots for residential (TelRad and Zyxel), enterprise (Ruckus), and industrial (MultiTech) settings; each of which is approximately 6 inches in size.To connect customer premises, Wi-Fi networks require equipment that serve as a gateway to internet connection that is highly configurable based on Typically, this means a router or wireless access point supplied by the carrier which is connected within the home or business.Wi-Fi access points are often integrated into routers that interconnect the Wi-Fi network to other networks. One example would be a Mi-Fi device that combines a Wi-Fi access point to a cellular carrier modem, creating a transportable Wi-Fi network to quickly provide service. (see examples in Figure 4-5). Multiple access points can be interconnected to form a mesh network to cover a larger service area. The latest standard\version, Wi-Fi 6, improves these functions as well as expands the spectrum and increases speeds for Wi-Fi connections. 48 of 93

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37 The Internet of Things (IoT) The Internet of Things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals, or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. IoT typically functions via the internet, although it could also be supported by local networks where the devices are connected. There are a number of Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) technologies, including LTE and Wi-Fi, which are specifically for IoT connectivity. IoT is quickly becoming an integral part of communities, bringing together various smart systems, frameworks, intelligent devices, and sensors meant to make our lives better, more efficient, safer, longer, and easier. There are many areas of development within IoT that pertain directly to communities such as: Smart Home Systems is the area of IoT that focuses on homes and building monitoring. The use of sensors, appliances, and other measuring devices make it so a building can monitor heat, AC, water usage, access, security, and even energy and power consumption. This monitoring takes place automatically without human input and helps to streamline resources and costs. Some private companies update and add monitoring systems that they claim will pay for themselves in the savings of energy costs and personnel. Public Safety: There are many advancements in the public safety arena such as cameras, streaming body cams, contact tracing, video data, and crime prevention devices. Many local law enforcement agencies have implemented these digital technologies to solve and prevent crime, making communities safer. Communication Infrastructure: Digital billboards, kiosks, and splash pages all add to the ease of sharing information with constituents with greater access and propagation. Cities are using these devices to enhance community engagement, tourism, and economic development. Transportation and Parking: Intelligent transportation systems, connected traffic signals, wayfinding, and digitized parking applications allow for better management of traffic flow. Increasing 49 of 93

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38 traffic efficiency cuts down on greenhouse gases and commute times and provides autonomous vehicle support. Smart Health Sensing Systems (SHSS): Intelligent equipment and devices are increasingly used to support the health of human beings. Devices can be used to monitor many aspects of human health such as heart activity, blood pressure, blood sugar, fitness levels, and many other aspects of health. SHSS is transforming the health care system in every area by facilitating automatic, independent, and constant monitoring with no human interaction outside of placing the device. These systems are being developed to aid the disabled, elderly, critically injured, and those in need of monitoring by allowing those individuals to live better longer lives. Municipal & Smart City Connectivity There is no one definition of what makes a Smart City. Commonly, to be a Smart City is to use technology to improve services, reduce costs, be more efficient, and save resources. Some Smart City technologies include smart traffic controls, traffic systems, public safety, cameras, utility monitoring, and smart building monitoring. A comprehensive way for communities to accomplish this is to include broadband plans that facilitate fiber networks throughout the area to support The Internet of Things. 4 . 2 C U R REN T T ECH N O L OG Y B A SE Multiple departmental interviews were conducted with city personnel. They revealed some issues as noted in the Needs Assessmentof this document. The City currently employs cellular technology for employee, emergency, and parking meter communications serviced primarily on the Verizon network. Wi-Fi is used for in-building internet connections in most departments. Today outdoor deployment of Wi-Fi is limited. A proprietary electric and water meter protocol is used based on an Itron specific wireless protocol that utilizes the 900 MHz frequency for communications from meters to collectors and a Tropos based Wi-Fi network to backhaul from the collectors. The current Wi-Fi network is deployed using Meraki cloud managed APs. There were a few mentions of inadequate service from the existing networks 50 of 93

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39 as deployed in buildings. Meraki is owned by Cisco and incorporates state of the art Wi-Fi security and networking features. One particular issue with cellular wireless service coverage that was strongly emphasized was the parking meter reads and operation on Brand Blvd were unreliable. After further investigation, it was determined that the meters are using an older cellular technology (GSM) that is due to be taken out of service by Verizon. The meters must be replaced with new technology very soon. LTE IoT connection technology is available on the Verizon network. The LTE coverage may be much better than the existing GSM. The meters can be changed and tested with the newer LTE technology. If this coverage is lacking, Verizon will be much more willing to expand newer LTE coverage than updating obsolete technology (GSM). The City owns the streetlight and pole assets throughout Glendale. These are prime assets for mounting Wi-Fi equipment. Similarly, the City has multiple public safety radio sites (Mt Thom, Mt St Augustine, Adams Hill, etc.) that have tower/water tank assets, and some backhaul capability. These sites will provide locations to deploy private LTE should the City decide to pursue that network. The planned fiber optic backbone expansion and lateral extensions thereto are intended to reach all the City parks and commercial corridors; however, we note that the lateral extension design has yet to be approved. As noted in earlier sections, traffic controls today use no wireless services and are all fiber connected. 51 of 93

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40 5. Wireless Network Design Additional wireless infrastructure in Glendale could serve a variety of purposes for residents as well as for City operations. Upon reviewing the needs of the Glendale community, Magellan Advisors created a wireless network design based on the following priorities: 1. Provide wireless services in key park locations with facilities that support community programs and services 2. Provide options for wireless connectivity in other key locations including business and entertainment corridors 3. Enable municipal and Smart City connectivity to streamline work for City and Public Safety operations in the field 4. Include options for the network to provide wireless connectivity to residential locations with low broadband adoption rate (less than 50%) The design also included consideration of where the City currently has fiber-optic assets and where those assets can be used currently and\or will be expanded in the future supporting wireless deployment as envisioned. 5 . 1 P A R KS AN D C OM M UNI T Y C E N T ER S facilities operated by the Community Services and Parks department to provide a resource for the community to access broadband in public locations. To achieve these objectives, we identified all park locations and gave specific focus to those that have community centers or other facilities at which residents are likely to gather and to find comfortable means of spending time while they use the internet. These locations include: Sparr Heights Community Center Pacific Park (Community Center, Park, Pool) Glenoaks Park (Community Center, Park) Glendale Sports Complex Glendale Heritage Garden (Community Center, Park) Dunsmore Park (Community Center, Park) Civic Auditorium Civic Center Brand Park 52 of 93

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41 All of these locations, and in fact, all parks in Glendale, are located near existing or planned fiber-optic locations (although, as noted previously, the planned fiber-optic lateral extensions are yet to be approved), meaning that the City could outfit every park with Wi-Fi access points to provide services to the community with minimal cost and effort. We recommend beginning with the parks listed above and considering expanding this list to include additional park locations in the future. The locations of each of these facilities in relation to existing and planned fiber-optic assets is shown below. 53 of 93

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42 New Underground Backbone New Underground FiberLateral ExtensionNew Aerial Fiber Lateral Extension Wireless Park---- City BoundaryFigure 5-1. Key Park Locations in Relation to Fiber Optic Asset Locations 54 of 93

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43 5 . 2 B U SI N ESS A ND E N T ERT A I N M E N T C O RR I D OR S In addition to parks with community centers or other structures, members of business and entertainment corridors. Members of the community are likely to visit these locations to shop and congregate for events, which allows the City to use these areas as another opportunity to provide wireless services. Business and entertainment corridors in Glendale include: Brand Boulevard Central Avenue Artsakh Avenue Glendale Avenue Glenoaks Boulevard Kenneth Road In the future, the City of Glendale could also consider extending the network to cover the Montrose shopping district in the northern region of the City along Honolulu Avenue between North Verdugo Road and Sunset Avenue. Continued growth is expected in this area in the coming years and it may prove to be a prime location for additional public Wi-Fi. The locations of major business and entertainment areas along these downtown area, except the Kenneth Road and Glenoaks Boulevard corridors are in the northwest section of the portion of the City south of the Verdugos. Figure 5-2. Business & Entertainment Corridors The wireless design includes each of the identified commercial corridors. Wi-Fi was chosen for these locations based on the widespread adoption and number of devices that have embedded support for this technology. The City owns the streetlight fixtures and poles in these areas, so they are available as mounting assets. Fiber will run along these corridors and should be used as backhaul for the Wi-Fi APs. 55 of 93

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44 Figure 5-3. Artsakh Ave Figure 5-4. Brand and Central Since the City is standardized on Cisco Meraki wireless, those products are used in this design. The Meraki line includes APs and other network gear for a wide range of operating environments and purposes. The Meraki M series APs provide meshing capabilities that will be used to extend the fiber backhaul to adjacent APs. These APs are also cloud managed and automatically configured when installed and powered on. The APs should be installed in a zig zag pattern on opposite sides of the roads to increase coverage and promote the meshing of adjacent units. 56 of 93

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45 Figure 5-5. Glenoaks Ave Figure 5-6. Kenneth Rd. Figure 5-7. Glendale Ave The radius of the AP coverage is listed as nominally 100 Meters. The APs are spaced at this interval along the corridors, as shown in Figures 5-3 through 5-7. The numbers in the figures are decibel milliwatts (dBm), the amount of power the antenna puts into a signal, which equates to coverage. Notated in negative numbers (-x), dBm is an absolute measure of signal strength that decrease with distance and interference. An outside signal is considered strong when it is -70 dBm or more and a weak when it is -100 dBm or less. All APs are managed centrally as well as meshed so various logical networks (Wi-Fi SSIDs) can be deployed across them with different security. The Wi-Fi can also be incorporated into Software Defined Networks (SDN) for flexible secure connections to municipal systems (or those of partner organizations). 57 of 93

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46 Fiber can be connected to first, end and middle APs to provide redundancy. An alternative, but more expensive approach would be fiber to every AP. 5 . 3 A RE AS W I T H LO W B ROA D BA ND AD OP TI O N Magellan analyzed Census data from the American Community Survey (ACS)7 to determine locations in Glendale where broadband adoption rates were low. Eight Census block groups with less than 50% broadband adoption were identified as priority areas for connectivity, shown in the map below (Figure 5-8). Table 5-1 contains demographic data for the areas. Note the remarkably high population densities.

Figure 5-8. Census Area Block Groups with Low Broadband Adoption 7 Source: US Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-Year (2015-2019) 58 of 93

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47 Table 5-1. Demographics of Underserved Areas in Glendale B l o c k G r o u p : 016014 025042 012043 025051 025043 024011 016011 024014 OVERALL Square Miles 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.11 0.03 0.07 0.19 0.11 0.65 Population 1,366 970 1,864 1,995 950 1,470 1,668 1,128 11,411 White 92% 64% 74% 55% 67% 53% 70% 67% 67% Hispanic 16% 26% 8% 43% 51% 23% 21% 47% 28% Other 8% 12% 2% 24% 20% 10% 9% 17% 12% Multi-Racial 6% 3% 6% 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% 5% Asian 5% 6% 14% 9% 8% 28% 8% 12% 12% Black 0% 2% 1% 2% 1% 2% 3% 2% 2% < 5 Years Old 4% 4% 5% 6% 7% 4% 4% 5% 5% > 64 Years Old 17% 9% 15% 17% 13% 16% 13% 11% 14% Pop./Sq. Mile 27,320 19,400 46,600 18,136 31,667 21,000 8,779 10,255 17,555 Households 506 287 708 802 330 544 603 359 4,139 Families 424 216 495 378 244 359 412 287 2,815 Housing Units 532 309 751 882 344 567 643 383 4411 Vacant 5% 7% 6% 9% 4% 4% 6% 6% 6% Owner Occupied 9% 5% 7% 3% 5% 19% 9% 14% 8% Renter Occupied 86% 88% 88% 88% 91% 77% 85% 79% 85% 59 of 93

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5 . 4 SU PP O R T F OR SM A R T C I T Y A P P LI CA T I O NS The combination of CBRS and Wi-Fi infrastructure deployed along business and commercial corridors, in community centers and parks, and over areas with low internet adoption levels can also support the range of Smart City applications, including Tropos network. The Meraki product line includes cameras and sensors, and Meraki devices can support a wide range of other such devices. Community Development, Community Services and Parks, Fire, Police, and Public Works applications can all be flexibly and securely accessed via devices currently used by those departments. New or improved applications, such as parking transactions, can also be easily accommodated by this design. 5 . 5 C OV ERAG E AN A LY SI S Using CBRS (for details, see Technology Options section above) it is possible for the City to construct a private LTE network to support deployment of high-speed wireless service to the identified underserved areas. There is also a need for better LTE coverage in the canyon areas around the City. A four (4) site CBRS Network can serve both purposes with minimal investment in spectrum and equipment. A propagation study for a private cellular network (CBRS) optional expansion was created to envision the service area that might be covered. The maps below show the expanded coverage area with Mt. Thom and three additional City sites: Mt. San Augustine, Adams Hill, and Deukmejian Wilderness Park. Using bonded channels throughput speeds of greater than 100 Mbps can be realized in the underserved areas. The total capacity of a sector would be shared by all users in that area. These sectors can be incrementally added to facilitate service to more locations if necessary. The first map shows the coverage for a Fixed Wireless network. This assumes the subscribers are in fixed locations like homes or buildings. The receiving antenna for the CBRS subscribers is high gain and mounted on a pole or the side of the building at 15 feet height. This gives fixed wireless more range. The service to homes or buildings usually requires an outdoor antenna mounted to the structure and then an Ethernet connection run into the location which distributes via a Wi-Fi connection or Ethernet switch. 60 of 93

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49 Figure 5-9. Fixed Wireless Coverage Analysis Map The CBRS network can also support mobile subscribers. The assumption for mobile subscribers is that the devices are compact (cell phones) and have 61 of 93

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50 zero gain antenna and that they are at 3 feet height nominally. This is a worse case design. For mobile applications, a CBRS modem may be installed into the Cradlepoint, or Sierra wireless routers employed by the emergency operations vehicles. The majority of newer smart phones and tablet devices support CBRS Band 48. Effort should be made to make sure future device purchases support this band. Cradlepoint routers with higher gain antenna mounted on the top of vehicles would get better coverage. The design map below represents the cell phone use case described above. 62 of 93

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51 Figure 5-10. Mobile Wireless Coverage Analysis Map As shown, the coverage is much less for the mobile use case. Another difference between the fixed wireless case and the mobile use case is the complexity of the brain of the network (named the Evolved Packet Core or EPC). In the fixed case the devices are not intended to move so there is no handoff between cells. In the mobile use case, the subscriber is transferred from one cell site to another and can be transferred to a public network (like 63 of 93

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52 AT&T, T-Mobile, or Verizon). This creates a cost difference in the EPC hardware and software. Some vendors, like Nokia, use high performance computers for the EPC that are locally installed. These are good for networks with lots of subscribers. Other vendors like Telrad, Blinq, or Cambium have EPCs built into the base stations or cloud-based EPC software. Sometimes there is a cost per subscriber. For instance, Telrad charges a fixed one-time cost per subscriber but hosts the EPC in the cloud. The network operator does not have to buy any hardware or use data center space for the EPC. This is good for smaller networks with medium numbers of subscribers. The City can adopt a pay as you grow model if the network goes from a few hundred to a few thousand subscribers. 64 of 93

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53 6. Business Models & Cost Evaluation 6 . 1 P OL I C Y AN D G O V ERNA N C E S T R U CT U RE The proposed network design is relatively low-cost infrastructure. The revenue opportunities are limited. For these reasons we do not recommend establishing a separate entity. The potential rewards and risks simply do not justify it. As the purpose of the network is to provide baseline connectivity options for everyone, we recommend incorporating programming and governance into an existing department or program. The program should be governed by a board of departmental representatives supplemented by a community advisory committee. We recommend the advisory committee be comprised of equal numbers of residential, small business, community anchor institution, non-profit, and major industry representatives, selected by City Council members. Efforts to increase digital inclusion should include key City departments including Community Services & Parks, Community Development, Library, Arts, & Culture, and IT. Goals and objectives for the program should be based on the Cityoperational and developmental priorities. Investment in the network should be evaluated in terms of utilization but also impacts on Utilization and impact metrics should be linked to goals for community and economic development, public safety, public works, transportation, and utilities. The City should develop a program prospectus based on strategic focus. We recommend approaching this as an integratedfiber and wirelessplatform focused on digital empowerment and transformation. 65 of 93

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54 6 . 2 ES T I M A T ED C O ST S CBRS Site Deployment Costs CBRS Distribution Network The total estimated cost for CBRS distribution network, presuming Glendale faces no costs to put antenna on City-owned property, is $304,000 as shown in Table 6-1. This cost includes the CBRS equipment and installation of the said equipment but does not consider the cost of additional electrical service if needed. If additional electrical service is required at the existing sites $3,000-$5,000 per site is the estimated cost. Uninterruptible Power Supply or generators were not included in this estimate. Should the City want to provide UPS and Backup generators to these sites, then approximately $20,000 per site should be added. This will provide a 10 KW generator and 10KW UPS. The UPS will need cabinet or rack space to house it. A concrete pad and propane tank are necessary to install and run the backup system. Fencing should be installed to protect the backup system if it is not already available at the existing sites. Backhaul using E band microwave is included in the estimate. Additional ISP bandwidth may be required for this installation depending on the City current capacity. Each 4-sector cell requires four 65-degree, 4-port antennas, and base stations, which may come as an integrated unit, one per sector. The cost estimates below are based on TelRad equipment (CPE as well as cell). The cost is an approximate average for this equipment at the writing of this report. Market trends show higher performance equipment for lower costs over time, so costs may be decreased in the future. Similar trends hold true for the routers, one of which is required for each site. An equipment cabinet may or may not be needed. Table 6-1. CBRS Distribution Network Capital Expense I T E M C O S T U N I T S T O T A L C O S T City Owned Towers/Water Tanks - 4 - Antenna and Base Station $15,000 16 $240,000 Base Station Installation $2,000 16 $32,000 Microwave Equipment $3,000 8 $24,000 66 of 93

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55 Outdoor Router (1 per tower/water tank) $1,000 4 $4,000 Outdoor cabinet (1 per new tower/water tank) $1,000 4 $4,000 Subtotal $304,000 CBRS Customer Premise Equipment Each CBRS CPE costs about $5000 plus installation. CBRS CPE must register with an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) to manage connections and capacity across the RAN. Table 6-2. CBRS CPE Costs I T E M CO S T UN I T S T O T A L C O S T CBRS CPE cost (Cradlepoint unit in NEMA box) $5000 24 $120,000 EPC Access Fee Per CPE (One Time Fee) $35 24 $840 CBRS CPE Installation $400 24 $9,600 Subtotal $130,440 Wi-Fi Deployment Costs A total of seventy-six (79) Wi-Fi access points are included in this conceptual design. These APs will be mounted at locations inside main buildings, on light poles and external on City-owned buildings to avoid costs of leasing space on private properties. The total cost for Glendale Wi-Fi infrastructure including professional services for installation is approximately $480,000. Additional access infrastructure can be added at a marginal cost. The cost for console licenses varies by product. A 1-year console license costs $150 per AP. A 7-year console license can be $400. Some Cisco Meraki items have a one-year free hardware warranty while others have lifetime hardware warranty. The $5,000 Wi-Fi access point costs are typical for commercial grade, outdoor units capable of mesh interconnections with professional services to install them. Additional installation cost was included to run fiber to the APs and account for any splicing and ONTs that might be needed. 67 of 93

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56 Table 6-3. Glendale Wi-Fi Access Network Capital Expense I T E M C O S T U N I T S T O T A L C O S T Outdoor Meraki MR74 Wi-Fi Access Points +PTP Backhaul + Installation $360,000 Wi-Fi Aps +installation in underserved census tracts $5,000 24 $120,000 Subtotal $480,000 Development of up to three captive portal launch pages will also be required, including one for parks, one for commercial and entertainment corridors, and one for other public facilities. These will require one -time costs of approximately $2500 total. This may be done by existing City staff, or, if the City chooses, could be contracted to a third party. Total Deployment Costs The total deployment costs for the CBRS and Wi-Fi deployment are approximately $1,052,296 as detailed in the table below. Table 6-3. Total Network Deployment Costs N E T W O R K C O M P O N E N T C O S T CBRS Base Stations $304,600 CBRS CPE $130,440 Wi-Fi APs $480,000 SUBTOTAL $915,040 CONTINGENCY 15% $137,256 TOTAL $1,052,296 68 of 93

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57 Total Cost by Phase This total cost could be broken into phases that follow the fiber deployment. The phases and costs are show in the table below. P H A S E L O C A T I O N S C O S T PHASE 1 WI-FI PARKS+CORRIDORS 6 $63.500 PHASE 2 WI-FI UNDERSERVED AREAS+CBRS EQUIPMENT 12 $576,540 PHASE 3 WI-FI PARKS+CORRIDORS 4 $275,000 SUBTOTAL $915,040 CONTINGENCY 15% $137,256 TOTAL $1,052,296 Monthly Costs Monthly operating expenses for this design are low, shown in Table 6-4, including utilities for CBRS cell sites. It is assumed that pole attachments for the Wi-Fi are free due to Glendale ownership of the poles. CBRS CPE must be connected to one of the Spectrum Access Systems (SAS), which are available as a software service, to manage radio spectrum and ensure users do not interfere with other priority users. Utility costs are approximate. While tower/water tank rental is not included in this design because the towers and water tanks are owned by the City, rental costs may be required in the future should the City desire to expand the Glendale network using leased commercial facilities. Most equipment has approximately eight years of useful life, so Glendale should set aside a budget of approximately 1/7 per year of the total materials costs for periodic equipment replacement. Table 6-4. Glendale CBRS Network Estimated Monthly Operating Expenses I T E M C O S T U N I T S T O T A L C O S T ADDITIONAL INTERNET BANDWIDTH $2000 1 $2000 Utilities 4 Tower Sites $100 4 $400 69 of 93

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58 CPE SAS cost $3 8 $24 Subtotal $2424 Contingency 15% $364 Total Estimated Cost/Month $2788 As mentioned above, Glendale should have a captive portal and other administrative systems to deliver value-adding content and manage Wi-Fi connections and users. The upfront and recurring costs of such software are highly dependent on context and specific requirements, which are bey ond the scope of this study. We recommend budgeting $50k one-time to establish the captive portal and $2k for monthly recurring costs. This is in addition to the estimated capital and recurring costs as stated elsewhere in this report. Installation Contractors Magellan developed a list of installation contractors based on prior experience and advice from other California locations. These contractors can install and maintain the Wi-Fi and CBRS network equipment. Table 6-5. Installation Contractors V E N D O R C O N T A C T P H O N E E M A I L SmartWave Al Brown 404-731-9580 [email protected] GST 251-270-9267 [email protected] CelPlan 703-259-4020 [email protected] NIC Partners 800-451-3394 [email protected] 6 . 3 R EV EN U E OP P O RT U NI T I ES Some communities that develop wireless networks leverage them for a few small revenue opportunities, including leasing network infrastructure to captive portals, and providing value-adding content such as advertisements. Some of these cities have opted to invest revenue generated from the sources into digital inclusion efforts including City-sponsored programs that fund teaching residents how to get online and even paying for devices. Because the purpose of network is primarily for public benefit to serve residents that do not have access to high-speed broadband, the services should be provided at no cost to the community to address lack of 70 of 93

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59 broadband access and adoption. Therefore, we do not foresee any revenue opportunities being generated by the network. This is an important consideration for Glendale since, although operational costs will be minimal as discussed above, revenue could potentially sustain any additional digital inclusion efforts. Staffing and Supporting Systems Although staff is required to implement this plan, the extent of these requirements depend on the manner in which the plan is implemented and how the network is governed. Account and content management will be necessary for enhanced access, captive portal, and related services and it is assumed that these responsibilities can staff. Additional services or functionality, particularly those intended to generate income, would require additional staff. management system will likely accommodate basic municipal LAN/WAN functionality. Technical support for connecting to and using public wireless networks is limited, largely informational and self-service in nature. Given the composition of the potential user population of a public wireless network within the City, self-service support materials should be available in the languages that are representative of the community. Providing in-person and\or telephone based technical support would require entering into a contractual relationship with an external service provider, should that level of service be desired. Because the City will implement Wi-Fi and CBRS networks, a full time Wireless Engineer should be considered for the City or this support should be contracted out to the vendor chosen to install the network. Additional resources will be necessary to conduct digital literacy classes, although these may be volunteer roles. The City should partner with existing organizations in order to build content and conduct programs for Glendale8. 8 Digital inclusion resources include the International Telecommunications Union (https://www.itu.int/en/mediacentre/backgrounders/Pages/digital-inclusion-of-youth.aspx) and the National Digital Inclusion Alliance (https://www.digitalinclusion.org/). 71 of 93

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60 6 . 4 FU N DI N G O P TI O N S Because many of the available grant and loan opportunities are targeted at rural communities, the funding options for Glendale using federal and/or state programs are very limited. The most promising option for funding is the use of American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) money, for which the final rules, which are favorable toward broadband, have recently been published. The rules, which should be for using the funding for broadband infrastructure. Although no other Federal opportunities exist, the City should closely track funding through the Coronavirus Capital Projects Fund, of which $540 million will be distributed to the State of California. This money will be used by the state for a broad range of infrastructure projects, including broadband, and we expect for state grant rules to be released sometime in mid-2022. 72 of 93

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61 7. Recommendations & Next Steps N E X T S T E P S 1. Develop a strategic framework, program prospectus, and governance structure. fiber and wirelessin a comprehensive, integrated manner. Approach it as a platform for digital empowerment and transformation. Define developmental and operational goals, objectives, and results with metrics based on overall City priorities. The governance structure should include community stakeholders and key City departments including Community Services & Parks, Community Development, Library, Arts, & Culture, and IT. 2. Replace parking meters on Brand Blvd to address the Global System for The GSM technology is at the end of its life and Verizon and AT&T have announced dates in 2022 for removing the service. New meters with LTE modems may give better coverage along Brand Blvd. Ensure the Meters can support CBRS band 48. 3. Install commercial corridor APs as fiber is deployed. Major business and entertainment corridors can be connected in a phased approach based on the location of City-owned fiber that will support the wireless access points. Brand Blvd, Glenoaks Blvd and the portion of Artsakh Ave between Wilson Ave and Broadway should be connected in fiber Phase 0. The remainder of Artsakh and Glenoaks Blvd can be connected in fiber Phase 1. Central Blvd and Glendale Ave can be connected in fiber Phase 2, and Kenneth Rd can be connected in Phase 3. 4. Install Wi-Fi at priority parks and community centers as fiber is deployed. Similarly, park locations should be connected based on the location of City-owned fiber. Pacific Park & Pool, the Civic Auditorium, and Brand Park can be connected in fiber Phase 0. Glendale Heritage Garden and Glenoaks Park should be connected in fiber Phase 2. Sparr Heights, 73 of 93

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62 Glendale Sports Complex, and Dunsmore Park can be connected in Phase 3 of the fiber build. 5. Install CBRS 4 Site Private LTE Network This installation will allow coverage of the areas designated as underserved with flexible placement of CPE units on buildings or other assets as needed to satisfy demand in the 8 areas. This deployment will also allow better LTE coverage for the canyon areas around the Verdugo Mountains. Consider the expansion of the network to the 3 additional City sites (Adams Hill, San Augustine Peak, and Deukmejian Park. 6. Develop digital inclusion content and programs to capitalize on network assets. The programs will undoubtedly focus on access so it might be necessary to directly engage residents and other City personnel. Engagement might include basic equipment installation, skills training, and technical support. External and internal partners will be critical for this step, particularly to address the needs of disadvantaged populations. Be sure they are actively involved and continually work to engage additional partners as the network and program develop. Consider reaching out to entities such as the National Digital Inclusion Alliance for assistance. 7. Dedicate a full-time City staff member to oversee broadband initiatives. broadband programs, including the implementation of this Plan. Responsibilities for this full-time position should include tracking funding sources such as state and federal grant opportunities, collaborating with community leaders for digital inclusion programs, and ensuring that broadband initiatives are included in all City projects. 74 of 93

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63 8. Appendix A: Park Wi-Fi The images below display coverage analyses for Wi-Fi access points as envisioned in this design. The access points are placed on buildings and other structures. The goal is to provide coverage where people gather. This could be stadium seats, picnic areas or playgrounds. The legend at the bottom interprets signal strength based on colors. Green is mediocre, Yellow is good, and Red is very good. Brand Park Civic Center Dunsmore Park Heritage Garden 75 of 93

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64 Glendale Sports Complex Glenoaks Park Pacific Park Sparr Heights Community Center Civic Auditorium 76 of 93

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65 Appendix B: Glossary of Terms 3G Third Generation The third generation of mobile broadband technology, used by smart phones, tablets, and other mobile devices to access the web. 4G Fourth Generation The fourth generation of mobile broadband technology, used by smart phones, tablets, and other mobile devices to access the web. 5G Fifth Generation The fifth generation of mobile broadband technology, used by smart phones, tablets, and other mobile devices to access the web. It is believed that this technology will significantly increase bandwidth to users, up to 1 Gig. AP Access Point A networking hardware device that connects to a wired network. ALPR Automatic License Plate Reader A device used to capture digital images of license plates, often for the purposes of law enforcement and public safety. AMR/AMI Automatic Meter Reading/Advanced Metering Infrastructure Technologies and systems that automatically collect consumption, diagnostic, and status data from water meter or energy metering devices (gas, electric) and transferring that data to a central database for billing, troubleshooting, and analyzing. This technology saves utility providers the expense of periodic trips to each physical location to read a meter. Another advantage is that billing can be based on near real-time consumption rather than on estimates based on past or predicted consumption. This timely information coupled with analysis can help both utility providers and customers better control the use and production of electric energy, gas usage, or water consumption. AMR technologies include handheld, mobile and network technologies based on telephony platforms (wired and wireless), radio frequency (RF), or powerline transmission.9 Backhaul Network A connection from a small subnetwork, such as a wireless network, to the core network, bringing data back to an internet point. 9 Source: Wikipedia 77 of 93

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66 Band 48 CBRS uses the 3550-3700 MHz (3.5 GHz) shared spectrum, also known as LTE Band 48. Bandwidth The amount of data transmitted in a given amount of time; usually measured in bits per second, kilobits per second (kbps), and Megabits per second (Mbps). Base Station A fixed transceiver that is the main communication point for one or more wireless mobile client devices. Bit A single unit of data, either a one or a zero. In the world of broadband, bits are used to refer to the amount of transmitted data. A kilobit (Kb) is approximately 1,000 bits. A Megabit (Mb) is approximately 1,000,000 bits. There are 8 bits in a byte (which is the unit used to measure storage space), therefore a 1 Mbps connection takes about 8 seconds to transfer 1 megabyte of data (about the size of a typical digital camera photo). Broadband A descriptive term for evolving digital technologies that provide consumers with integrated access to voice, high-speed data service, video-demand services, and interactive delivery services (e.g. DSL, Cable Internet). CAI Community Anchor Institutions The National Telecommunications and Information Administration defined CAIs in its SBDD program as safety entities, community colleges and other institutions of higher education, and other community support organizations and entities.community colleges, K-12 schools, libraries, health care facilities, social service providers, public safety entities, government and municipal offices are all community anchor institutions. 78 of 93

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67 Captive Portal A web page accessed with a web browser that is displayed to newly connected users of a Wi-Fi or wired network before they are granted broader access to network resources. Captive portals are commonly used to present a landing or log-in page which may require authentication, payment, acceptance of an end-user license agreement, acceptable use policy, survey completion, or other valid credentials that both the host and user agree to adhere by. Captive portals are used for a broad range of mobile and pedestrian broadband services including cable and commercially provided Wi-Fi and home hotspots. A captive portal can also be used to provide access to enterprise or residential wired networks, such as apartment houses, hotel rooms, and business centers.10 CBRS Citizens Broadband Radio Service A point-to-multipoint system in which a single antenna-base station combination connects multiple user devices or other equipment. CBSD Citizen Broadband Service Device A category of devices capable of supporting CBRS band. Cellular A mobile communications system that uses a combination of radio transmission and conventional telephone switching to permit telephone communications to and from mobile users within a specified area. Coaxial Cable A type of cable that can carry large amounts of bandwidth over long distances. Cable TV and cable modem service both utilize this technology. CPE Customer Premise Equipment Any terminal and associated equipment located at a subscriber's premises and connected with a carrier's telecommunication channel at the demarcation point ("demarc"). Demarcation Point The point at which the public switched telephone network ends and connects with the customer's on-premises wiring. 10 Source: Wikipedia 79 of 93

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68 Digital Inclusion Involves the activities necessary to ensure equitable access to and use of information and communication technologies for participation in social and economic life including for education, social services, health, social and community participation. Digital inclusion includes access to affordable broadband Internet services, Internet-enabled devices, access to digital literacy training, quality technical support, and applications and online content designed to enable and encourage self-sufficiency, participation, and collaboration. Related concepts include digital divide, digital exclusion and digital inequality however digital inclusion focuses more on the strategies, policies and programs required to address the digital divide. As many services have moved online and with the increasing use of telehealth to deliver primary care, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, digital inclusion, including digital literacy and internet access is increasingly regarded as a social determinant of health.11 DSL Digital Subscriber Line broadband Internet service. E-Band Microwave Represents the frequency range from 60 GHz to 90 GHz. Signals in this frequency range have very short wavelengths from 3.33 mm to 5 mm. The short wavelengths give signals at these frequency directional properties and thus this band is widely used for RF/Microwave backhaul links. One of the disadvantages of this frequency band is that atmospheric gasses oxygen and CO2 absorb signals at these frequencies resulting in significant attenuation. Due to this the E-Band cannot be used for long range signal transmission.12 E-Rate A Federal program that provides subsidy for voice and data circuits as well as internal network connections to qualified schools and libraries. The subsidy is based on a percentage designated by the FCC. 11 Source: Wikipedia 12 Source: Everything RF 80 of 93

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69 EPC Evolved Packet Core The EPC is the main controller and central brain of an LTE network. This is the most complex and resource-consumption equipment in the LTE, and it is usually operated in the NOCs of enterprise or ISPs. Today, EPCs are usually deployed on premises, but we will start seeing hybrid and cloud deployments of the EPC. Private and small LTE networks deploying Band 48 CBRS will have the option for simplified versions of the EPC, deployed on the cloud in a Data Center as a Service (DCaaS). The private LTE-EPC is in charge of keeping the user database, enforcing policies, allocating IP addresses, managing mobility, and tracking, and giving a gateway to the PDN (Public Data Networks).13 FCC Federal Communications Commission A Federal regulatory agency that is responsible for regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable in all 50 states, the District of Rock Falls, and U.S. territories. GAA General Authorized Access Unlicensed spectrum that users can access for free GBPS Gigabits per second Refers to high-speed data transmission over 1,000 megabits per second 13 Source: https://www.lanner-america.com/blog/private-lte-band-48-cbrs-important/#EPC_Evolved_Packet_Core 81 of 93

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70 GSM Global System for Mobile Communications The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablets. 2G networks developed as a replacement for first generation (1G) analog cellular networks. The GSM standard originally described a digital, circuit-switched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony. This expanded over time to include data communications, first by circuit-switched transport, then by packet data transport via General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), and Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE).14 HD High Definition (Video) Video of substantially higher resolution than standard definition. Home Area Network (HAN) A type of computer network that facilitates communication among devices within the close vicinity of a home. Devices capable of participating in this network, for example, smart devices such as network printers and handheld mobile computers, often gain enhanced emergent capabilities through their ability to interact. These additional capabilities can be used to increase the quality of life inside the home in a variety of ways, such as automation of repetitive tasks, increased personal productivity, enhanced home security, and easier access to entertainment.15 Hotspot A wireless access point that connects devices to the internet, typically using Wi-Fi. HUD Housing & Urban Development United States Department of Housing and Urban Development 14 Source: Wikipedia 15 Source: Wikipedia 82 of 93

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71 IEEE Institute of Electrical Engineers The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a 501(c)(3) professional association for electronic engineering and electrical engineering (and associated disciplines) with its corporate office in New York City and its operations center in Piscataway, New Jersey. It was formed in 1963 from the amalgamation of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and the Institute of Radio Engineers. Its objectives are the educational and technical advancement of electrical and electronic engineering, telecommunications, computer engineering and similar disciplines. IOT Internet of Things Describes physical objects (or groups of such objects) with sensors, processing ability, software, and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet or other communications networks. Internet of things has been considered a misnomer because devices do not need to be connected to the public internet, they only need to be connected to a network and be individually addressable. The field has evolved due to the convergence of multiple technologies, including ubiquitous computing, commodity sensors, increasingly powerful embedded systems, and machine learning. Traditional fields of embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control systems, automation (including home and building automation), independently and collectively enable the Internet of things. In the consumer market, IoT technology is most synonymous with products pertaining to the concept of the "smart home", including devices and appliances (such as lighting fixtures, thermostats, home security systems, cameras, and other home appliances) that support one or more common ecosystems, and can be controlled via devices associated with that ecosystem, such as smartphones and smart speakers. IoT is also used in healthcare systems.16 16 Source: Wikipedia 83 of 93

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72 IP-VPN Internet Protocol-Virtual Private Network A software-defined network offering the appearance, functionality, and usefulness of a dedicated private network. ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network An alternative method to simultaneously carry voice, data, and other traffic, using the switched telephone network. ISP Internet Service Provider A company providing Internet access to consumers and businesses. ITS Intelligent Transportation System Advanced applications which, without embodying intelligence as such, aim to provide innovative services relating to different modes of transport and traffic management and enable various users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and 'smarter' use of transport networks. Kbps Kilobits per second 1,000 bits per second. A measure of how fast data can be transmitted. LAN Local Area Network A geographically localized network consisting of both hardware and software. The network can link workstations within a building or multiple computers with a single wireless Internet connection. LPWAN Low-Power Wide-Area Network A wireless wide area network that provides long-range connections at a low bit rate among low power devices such as sensors operated on a battery. LATA Local Access and Transport Areas A geographic area within a divested Regional Bell Operating Company is permitted to offer exchange telecommunications and exchange access service. Calls between LATAs are often thought of as long-distance service. Calls within a LATA (IntraLATA) typically include local and local toll services. LTE - Long Term Evolution A standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals associated with 4G. MAN Metropolitan Area Network A high-speed intra-city network that links multiple locations with a campus, city, or LATA. A MAN typically extends as far as 30 miles. Mbps Megabits per second 1,000,000 bits per second. A measure of how fast data can be transmitted. 84 of 93

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73 Middle Mile Network Middle mile is a term most often referring to the network connection between the last mile and greater Internet. For instance, in a rural area, the middle mile would likely connect the town's network to a larger metropolitan area where it interconnects with major carriers. Overbuilding The practice of building excess capacity. In this context, it involves investment in additional infrastructure projects to provide competition. PAL Priority Access License License provided by the FCC on a county-by-county basis for the use of the CBRS band. PtP Point to Point Connections using two antennas (and base stations) pointed directly at each other communicating via radio spectrum. PtMP Point to Multipoint Connections from multiple devices to a single point within limited range, typically no more than 150 feet indoors and up to 1,500 feet outdoors under optimal conditions. 85 of 93

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74 Radio Spectrum The part of the electromagnetic spectrum with frequencies from 0 Hz to 3,000 GHz (3 THz). Electromagnetic waves in this frequency range, called radio waves, are widely used in modern technology, particularly in telecommunication. To prevent interference between different users, the generation and transmission of radio waves is strictly regulated by national laws, coordinated by an international body, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Distinct parts of the radio spectrum are allocated by the ITU for different radio transmission technologies and applications; some 40 radiocommunication services are defined in the ITU's Radio Regulations (RR). In some cases, parts of the radio spectrum are sold or licensed to operators of private radio transmission services (for example, cellular telephone operators or broadcast television stations). Ranges of allocated frequencies are often referred to by their provisioned use (for example, cellular spectrum or television spectrum). Because it is a fixed resource which is in demand by an increasing number of users, the radio spectrum has become increasingly congested in recent decades, and the need to utilize it more effectively is driving modern telecommunications innovations such as trunked radio systems, spread spectrum, ultra-wideband, frequency reuse, dynamic spectrum management, frequency pooling, and cognitive radio.17 RAN Radio Access Network Component of a wireless network that connects devices to other parts of the network. RF Radio Frequency A rate of oscillation in the range of about 3 kHz to 300 GHz, which corresponds to the frequency of radio waves, and the alternating currents which carry radio signals. RFID Radio Frequency Identification A system that uses radio components to identify and track objects, usually for inventorying goods. Right-of-Way A legal right of passage over land owned by another. Carriers and service providers must obtain right-of-way to dig trenches or plant poles for cable systems, and to place wireless antennas. 17 Source: Wikipedia 86 of 93

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75 Router A networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork (e.g., the Internet) until it reaches its destination node. A router is connected to two or more data lines from different IP networks. [b] When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet header to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey. The most familiar type of IP routers are home and small office routers that simply forward IP packets between the home computers and the Internet. More sophisticated routers, such as enterprise routers, connect large business or ISP networks up to the powerful core routers that forward data at high speed along the optical fiber lines of the Internet backbone.18 RUS Rural Utility Service A division of the United States Department of Agriculture, it promotes universal service in unserved and underserved areas of the country with grants, loans, and financing. Administration. SAS Spectrum Access System A system that manages available frequencies on CBRS spectrum. SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition A type of industrial control system (ICS). Industrial control systems are computer controlled systems that monitor and control industrial processes that exist in the physical world. SDN - Software Defined Network A network architecture approach that enables the network to be intelligently and centrally controlled using software applications. 18 Source: Wikipedia 87 of 93

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76 SIM Subscriber Identification Module A removable card used to identify and authenticate subscribers on mobile telephony devices. Smart City Commonly, to be a Smart City is to use technology to improve services, reduce costs, be more efficient, and save resources. SSID Service Set Identifier A unique ID used for naming networks to ensure that data gets sent to the correct destination. Streaming Streamed data is any information/data delivered from a server to a host where the data represents information that must be delivered in real time. This could be video, audio, graphics, slide shows, web tours, combinations of these, or any other real time application. Subscribership Subscribership is how many customers have subscribed for a particular telecommunications service. Switched Network A domestic telecommunications network usually accessed by telephone, key telephone systems, private branch exchange trunks, and data arrangements. Universal Service The idea of providing every home in the United States with basic telephone service. UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply An electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically main power, fails. USAC Universal Service Administrative Company An independent American nonprofit corporation designated as the administrator of the Federal Universal Service Fund (USF) by the Federal Communications Commission. Video on Demand A service that allows users to remotely choose a movie from a digital library whenever they like and be able to pause, fast-forward, and rewind their selection. VLAN Virtual Local Area Network In computer networking, a single layer-2 network may be partitioned to create multiple distinct broadcast domains, which are mutually isolated so that packets can only pass between them via one or more routers; such a domain is referred to as a Virtual Local Area Network, Virtual LAN or VLAN. 88 of 93

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77 VPN Virtual Private Network A virtual private network (VPN) extends a private network across a public network, such as the Internet. It enables a computer to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if it were directly connected to the private network, while benefitting from the functionality, security, and management policies of the private network. This is done by establishing a virtual point-to-point connection through the use of dedicated connections, encryption, or a combination of the two. WAN Wide Area Network A network that covers a broad area (i.e., any telecommunications network that links across metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries) using private or public network transports. Wi-Fi Wi-Fi is a popular technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data or connect to the Internet wirelessly using radio waves. The Wi-Fi Alliance defines Wi-Fi as any "wireless local area network (WLAN) products that are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards". Wi-Fi 6 The next generation of Wi-Fi technology, also referred to as Wi-Fi, which enhances throughput in high density areas. Wireless Telephone and\or data service transmitted via cellular, PCS, satellite, or other technologies that do not require the device to be connected to a land-based line. Wireless Internet 1) Internet applications and access using mobile devices such as cell phones, laptops, and tablet devices. 2) Broadband Internet service provided via wireless connection, such as satellite or tower transmitters. WISP Wireless Internet Service Provider An internet service provider offering wireless-based services. Zigbee A low data rate wireless network connecting small, low-power devices in close proximity, often used for purposes such as automated homes. 89 of 93

Exhibit B
Proposed Public Wi-Fi Service Expansion Locations
within the City of Glendale
Location Name Location Type
Wireless
Service
Expansion
Phase
New
Wireless
Access Points
(Qty)
Artsakh Ave (Between Broadway and Harvard St.) Business / Entertainment Corridors 1 2 Brand Park Regional Park, Community Building, Special Use Facility 1 2 Brand Park - Doctors House Museum & Gazebo Special Use Facility 1 1 Civic Auditorium Community Building, Special Use Facility 1 1 Civic Center - Parcher Plaza Civic Plaza 1 1
Pacific Community Pool Special Use Facility 1 1
Pacific Park & Community Center Neighborhood Park, Community Center 1 2 Sparr Heights Community Center Community Center, Special Use Facility 1 1 Adams Square Mini-Park Mini Park 2 1
Cerritos Park Neighborhood Park 2 1
Doran Gardens Mini-Park Mini Park 2 1
Elk Mini-Park Mini Park 2 1
Fremont Park Neighborhood Park 2 1
Glendale Heritage Garden Mini Park, Community Building, Special Use Facility 2 4 Griffith Manor Park Neighborhood Park, Community Building 2 2 Harvard Mini-Park Mini Park 2 1
Maryland Avenue Park Mini Park, Community Public Garden 2 1 Palmer Park Neighborhood Park 2 1
Pelanconi Park Neighborhood Park 2 1
Wilson Avenue Mini-Park Mini Park 2 1
Windsor Mini-Park Mini Park 2 1
Artsakh Ave (Between Wilson and Broadway) Business / Entertainment Corridors 3 2 Brand Blvd (Between Colorado St and Sanchez Dr) Business / Entertainment Corridors 3 7 Central Ave (Between Colorado St and Sanchez Dr) Business / Entertainment Corridors 3 7 Dunsmore Park Neighborhood Park, Community Building 3 4 Glendale Ave (Between Colorado St and 134 Fwy) Business / Entertainment Corridors 3 8 Glendale Sports Complex Special Use Facility, Community Building 3 3 Glenoaks Blvd (Between Elm Ave and Cleveland Rd) Business / Entertainment Corridors 3 4 Glenoaks Park Neighborhood Park, Community Building 3 3 Kenneth Rd (Between Sonora Ave and Grandview Ave) Business / Entertainment Corridors 3 2 Totals 68
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Exhibit C - Map - Wireless Expansion - Phase 1 Sites
Location Name
a. Artsakh Ave (Between Broadway & Harvard)
b. Brand Park
c. Brand Park - Doctors House Museum & Gazebo
d. Civic Auditorium
e. Civic Center - Parcher Plaza
f. Pacific Community Pool
g. Pacific Park & Community Center
h. Sparr Heights Community Center
a
e
d
f
g
b
c
h
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Exhibit D - Map - Wireless Expansion - Phase 2 Sites
Location Name
a. Adams Square Mini-Park
b. Cerritos Park
c. Doran Gardens Mini-Park
d. Elk Mini-Park
e. Fremont Park
f. Glendale Heritage Garden
g. Griffith Manor Park
h. Harvard Mini-Park
i. Maryland Avenue Park
j. Palmer Park
k. Pelanconi Park
l. Wilson Avenue Mini-Park
m. Windsor Mini-Park
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
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Exhibit E - Map - Wireless Expansion - Phase 3 Sites
Location Name
a. Artsakh Ave (Between Wilson & Broadway)
b. Brand Blvd (Between Colorado & Sanchez)
c. Central Ave (Between Colorado & Sanchez)
d. Dunsmore Park
e. Glendale Ave (Between Colorado St & 134 Fwy)
f. Glendale Sports Complex
g. Glenoaks Blvd (Between Elm & Cleveland)
h. Glenoaks Park
i. Kenneth Rd (Between Sonora & Grandview)
d
a
c b e
f
g
h
i
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Glendale City CouncilJune 6, 2023

Glendale City Council
June 6, 2023