Agenda packet, special meeting — Glendale City Council, September 19, 2023

A G E N D A
SPECIAL MEETING: GLENDALE CITY COUNCIL

COUNCIL CHAMBERS
613 E. Broadway, 2nd Floor
Glendale, CA 91206
Meetings

are

broadcast

live

Glendale

TV,

viewable

Spectrum

Cable,

channel

and

AT&T

U-
verse,

channel

99. Meetings

are

also

streamed

live

high

definition

(HD)

the

City

webpage,
glendaleca.gov/live
,

YouTube.com/myglendale
,

and

Apple

TV,

Roku,

Amazon

Fire,

iOS

and
Android

devices

using

free

app

called

Cablecast

and

choosing

"Glendale

TV"

from

the

menu.

Meetings

are

also

archived

the

City

Website

for

viewing

anytime

glendaleca.gov/agendas
.

Call

(818)

548-4013

for

program

schedules.

For

public

comments

and

questions

during

the
meeting,

call

(818)

937-8100.

Public

comments

specific

agenda

item

will

taken

when

that
agenda

item

discussed.

you

have

any

question

about

matters

the

agenda,

requests

for
assistance, please contact the City Clerk at (818) 548-2090 during regular business hours.

PLEASE TURN OFF CELLULAR PHONES WHILE INSIDE THE MEETING LOCATION In

compliance

with

the

Americans

with

Disabilities

Act

(ADA)

1990,

auxiliary

hearing

aids,

sign
language

translation,

and

Braille

transcripts

are

available

upon

request.

Assisted

listening

devices
are

available

same-day

upon

request.

The

City

Clerk’

office

should

notified

72 hours

(three
business

days)

soon

practicable

for

requests

regarding

sign

language

translation

and
Braille

transcription

services.

All

documents

open

session

items

this

agenda

that

are
received

less

than

72 hours

prior

this

meeting,

and

are

public

records,

will

available

for

review
in the Office of the City Clerk, 613 E. Broadway, RM 110, Glendale, CA 91206.

Translation

services

are

provided

for

meetings

through

the

use

bilingual

staff

for

speakers

who
wish

utilize

the

service

available.

Speakers

should

state

their

request

contacting

the

City
Clerk’s

office

(818)

548-2090,

least

72 hours

prior

the

scheduled

meeting

soon

as
practicable.

Please

specify

the

language

for

which

you

require

translation.

The

exclusive

use

City
provided

interpreters

not

required

and

persons

are

welcome

use

their

own

interpreter

speak
in their native language.

SEPTEMBER 19, 2023

ROLL CALL
-
3:00 PM
-
Report of the City Clerk of the City Council, re: Posting of Agenda. The Agenda for the Tuesday, September 19, 2023 Special Public Meeting of the City Council was posted on September 14, 2023, on the Bulletin Board Outside City Hall.

1 TYPED 9/18/2023 9:56:50 AM
09 19 23
SP CC

SPECIAL PUBLIC MEETING
of the City Council is hereby called to meet at

3:00
PM
on
Tuesday, September 19, 2023
, in the Council Chamber, 613 E. Broadway, 2nd Floor
,
Glendale, CA 91206 to consider the following item(s) of business, to wit;

1. Community Development, re: Lease Agreement for City Owned Property 250 North Orange Street
a. Motion Authorizing City Manager to enter into a two-year lease agreement with “Armenian Arts” a DBA of Knowledge Truck, Inc., a Nonprofit California public benefit Corporation, at a rate of $1.00 a square foot, totaling a monthly rent of $2,770.00, for a certain City-owned commercial premises located at 250 North Orange Street, as subject to review and approval as to form by the City Attorney

2. City Clerk, re: Presentation of the Final Draft of the 2022-2023 Report on the Status of Women and Girls in Glendale by Mount Saint Mary's University a. Motion to note and file the 2022-2023 Report on the Status of Women and Girls in Glendale

ADJOURNMENT

2 TYPED 9/18/2023 9:56:50 AM
09 19 23
SP CC

1 CITY OF GLENDALE, CALIFORNIA

REPORT TO THE SPECIAL CITY COUNCIL

AGENDA ITEM
Report: Lease Agreement for City Owned Property 250 North Orange Street

1. Motion Authorizing City Manager to enter into a two-year lease agreement with “Armenian Arts” a DBA of Knowledge Truck, Inc., a Nonprofit California public benefit Corporation, at a rate of $1.00 a square foot, totaling a monthly rent of $2,770.00, for a certain City-owned commercial premises located at 250 North Orange Street, as subject to review and approval as to form by the City Attorney.

COUNCIL ACTION
Item Type: Action Item
Approved for September 19, 2023 calendar

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Economic Development Division is committed to developing a robust downtown environment which includes a focus on arts, cultural amenities, and entertainment. A City-owned chronically vacant storefront within the downtown at 250 N. Orange St. provides a unique opportunity to enrich the area with a permanent arts focused tenant.

The proposed tenant for the space will present art exhibitions, acoustic performances, screenings, discussions, readings, workshops, and other unique gatherings. 3 of 129

21 4
5 7
2 COUNCIL PRIORITIES
Economic Development.

RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends approval of this lease agreement.

BACKGROUND
Glendale’s Economic Development Division has focused efforts on attracting businesses and community anchors which contribute to an active “18-hour day” lifestyle of living, working, and having cultural opportunities in one central downtown.

Coordinated and strategic economic development efforts such as this play a crucial role in maintaining Glendale's status as a premier and distinct location for residents and businesses alike. The goals of economic development work to make Glendale a more vibrant commercial and cultural center, bringing together small businesses and multi- national corporations, as well as art and entertainment. The goals of the Economic Development Division support the attraction and retention of major and small businesses, property value preservation, asset management, revenue generation, and job creation.

Since the dissolution of Redevelopment, Glendale has remained committed to finding new and innovative ways to positively impact the City for residents and businesses. On March 27, 2012, the City Council took a major step to reclaim the importance of proactive economic development in Glendale by adopting Ordinance No. 5770 to add Chapter 2.30 to the Glendale Municipal Code, entitled “Economic Development Program” (“Program”). This Program authorizes certain economic development activities that include improving residential value, increasing tourism, and expanding the City’s tax base. The Program’s purpose statement advances the significance of economic development in the community and a framework for restoring economic development authority to the City. The Program includes the ability to undertake real estate transactions, and disposing of real and personal property for fair market value or less than fair market value (fair reuse value) so long as the disposition is found to aid in the purposes of the Program .

Within the recently adopted Economic Development 3-Year Strategic Plan for 2022- 2025, Entertainment & Lifestyle was one of the four pillars of focus. As described within the plan, the goal is to grow the arts, culture, and entertainment sector to position Glendale as a destination city. Glendale has a growing arts, culture, and entertainment district that includes places such as the Brand Library and Art Center, the Alex Theatre, the Museum of Neon Art, and will also be the future home of the Armenian American Museum & Culture Center. Other amenities and remarkable offerings include luxury retail shopping centers, unique specialty stores, and vibrant business districts. Growing 4 of 129

31 4
5 7
2 the arts, culture, and entertainment sector as well as the business districts to provide additional amenities are crucial to supporting Glendale as a destination city.

PROGRAM DETAILS
The City of Glendale owns the Orange Street Garage, a public parking structure in downtown Glendale. Within the structure are two ground floor office suites, both of which are currently vacant. The 250 N. Orange Street location has been vacant since 2017. It is 2,770 square feet. The previous tenant, Plaza Bank paid $5,432 a month, or $1.96 per square foot. Based on comps, City could be asking between $2.30/sf ($6,371/month) to $2.50/sf ($6,925/month). Based on the nature of the non-profit, and the desire to encourage and further develop the arts, entertainment, and cultural opportunities in the downtown, staff recommends continuing to offer this space at the less than fair market value of $1.00/square foot for a two-year term. Furthermore, this space has largely remained vacant over the past six years, with the only notable interest coming from organizations that would like to utilize the space at no charge.

Over the last several years, the City has partnered with Library, Arts & Culture to program this vacant storefront space with temporary pop-up art exhibits. Bringing in a permanent arts tenant allows the City to remain committed to its goals of enriching the area while offering a longer term draw to the downtown.

APPLICANT
“Armenian Arts” a DBA of Knowledge Truck, Inc which is a Nonprofit California public benefit Corporation established January 22, 2015.

An Educational & Cultural Endeavor with a Mission Statement “Increasing public awareness about Armenian culture and history through social activities and publications designed to promote and preserve the heritage and cultural identity of the Armenians.” Armenian Arts links artists and audiences by presenting art exhibitions, acoustic performances, screenings, discussions, readings, workshops, and other unique gatherings.

Since 2000 “Armenian Arts” has aimed to showcase exceptional Armenian talent in the fields of visual and musical arts. Over the years, the organization has organized numerous prestigious events, including concerts at venues like the Hollywood Bowl, the J. Paul Getty Museum, Barnsdall Gallery Theatre, and the Ford Amphitheater.

Armenian Arts has published the “Armenian Arts” magazine and the “Yes, We Have” series, which highlights Armenian contributions to humanity. 5 of 129

41 4
5 7
2 ANALYSIS
This tenant’s activity is in line with the City’s and community’s interests and is an appropriate utilization of the City’s property.

STAKEHOLDERS/OUTREACH
No outreach was conducted prior to this report. As this tenant would closely align with the City’s interest, a concerted effort would be made to promote its arrival and activities.

FISCAL IMPACT
As this property has sat vacant for almost six years, bringing in a tenant which would attract new tourism as well as rent is a net positive to the City. Revenue generation from rent over the two-year term of the lease totals $66,480, or $33,240 annually. For Fiscal year 2023-2024, revenue for the 5-month period beginning February 2024 will be received into the following account:

Revenue
Amount Account String Funding Source
$13,850 38200-1010-CDD-2511-P0000-T2047-F0000-
0000-0000- General Fund

ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW (CEQA/NEPA)
The proposed two year lease of an existing City-owned tenant space with no proposed tenant improvements or changes to the premises is exempt from CEQA pursuant to CEQA Guidelines section 15301 (Existing Facilities) which exemption applies to the operation, repair, maintenance, permitting, leasing, licensing or minor alteration of existing public or private structures, facilities, etc., involving negligible or no expansion of existing or former use.

CAMPAIGN DISCLOSURE
The names and business addresses of the members of the board of directors, the chairperson, CEO, COO, CFO, Subcontractors and any person or entity with more than 10% interest in the company proposed for contract in this Agenda Item Report are attached in Exhibit 2, in accordance with the City Campaign Finance Ordinance No. 5744.

ALTERNATIVES
Alternative 1: Approve the Lease and Lessee as proposed. This alternative would give staff the authority to enter a lease agreement with the Applicant.

Alternative 2: Do not move forward with the Lease and Applicant.

Alternative 3: The Council may also consider any other alternative not proposed by staff. 6 of 129

51 4
5 7
2 ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION
Prepared by:

Bradley Calvert, Director of Community Development
Approved by:

Roubik R. Golanian, P.E., City Manager

EXHIBITS/ATTACHMENTS
Exhibit 1: Draft Lease
Exhibit 2: Campaign Disclosure Form
7 of 129

9 3
9 1
MOTION
Moved by Council Member _________________________________, seconded by Council Member _____________________________, that the City Council having considered the authority provided in the City’s Economic Development Program set forth in Chapter 2.30 of the Glendale Municipal Code, 1995, (“Program”) to lease City-owned property as less than fair market value so long as the disposition aids in the purposes of the Program, and having considered the economic benefits of providing a sub-market rate lease of City-owned property to “Armenian Arts”, a California non-profit, described in the September 19, 2023 staff report from the Director of Community Development, the City Council hereby authorizes the City Manager to enter into a two-year lease agreement with “Armenian Arts”, a DBA of Knowledge Truck, Inc., a nonprofit California public benefit Corporation, at a rate of $1.00 per square foot, totaling a monthly rent of $2,770.00, for a certain City-owned commercial premises located at 250 North Orange Street, subject to the review and approval as to form of said lease by the City Attorney.

Votes as follows:

Ayes:

Noes:

Absent:

Abstain:

City Clerk
8 of 129

1 9
5 5
1 COMMERCIAL TENANT - BUILDING LEASE
250 NORTH ORANGE STREET

BY AND BETWEEN

THE CITY OF GLENDALE
AND
Knowledge Truck, Inc DBA Armenian Arts

THIS BUILDING LEASE (“Lease”) is made and entered into as of this ____ day of ____________ , 2023 (“Commencement Date”), by and between the City of Glendale, a municipal corporation located in the County of Los Angeles, State of California ("Lessor"), and Knowledge Truck, Inc, a non-profit headquartered in Glendale, a California Corporation ("Lessee") (collectively, “Parties” or individually, “Party”).

RECITALS

1. Lessor owns that certain real property known as 250 N. Orange Street, Glendale, California, 91206, part of which is generally described as a ground floor retail space of approximately 2,770 square feet ( “Premises”) located within part of a larger building and parking structure owned by Lessor.

2. Lessee is a non-profit California Corporation.

3. Lessor and Lessee desire to enter into a Lease Agreement subject to the terms and conditions contained herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises of the Parties contained herein, it is agreed as follows:

1.Basic Provisions.

1.1Letting. Lessor hereby leases to Lessee, and Lessee hereby leases from Lessor, the Premises, for the term, at the rental, and upon all of the terms, covenants and conditions set forth in this Lease.

1.2(a)Premises: The Premises is commonly known as 250 North Orange Street, Glendale, California, 91206, described and shown in Exhibit A (site map) and Exhibit B (floor scheme and tenant improvement plan), both exhibits attached hereto and by this reference are incorporated herein. The Premises is comprised of approximately 2,770 square feet located in a portion of the ground (1st) floor retail space and is part of a larger building and parking structure owned by Lessor.

1.2(b)Parking: Lessee shall have the right to lease up to six (6) unreserved vehicle parking spaces from Lessor at an amount not to exceed the standard monthly 9 of 129

2 9
5 5
1 fee then currently being charged in the Orange Street Parking Garage per space per month. In addition, Lessee’s customers shall receive two (2) hours of parking free of charge to both customer and Lessee, so long as Lessee’s customers’ parking ticket is stamped with Lessee’s stamp, or other means of validation instructed by Lessor.

1.3 Term: Two (2) years ("Term") commencing on February 1, 2024 ("Commencement Date") and ending January 31, 2026 ("Expiration 'Date"), which term is subject to the City Council’s approval by ordinance.

1.4 Early Termination or Cancellation: Notwithstanding Paragraph 1.3, either Party shall have the right to early termination of this Lease at any time by giving the other Party a minimum of three (3) months advance written notice prior to such early termination.

1.5 Option To Extend Term: There is no option to extend the Term.

1.6 Base Rent and CPI: $2,770 per month ("Base Rent"), payable on the first (1st) day of each month commencing February 1, 2024 (see also Paragraph 4) the end of the term, as set forth hereinabove in Section 1.3. The Base Rent shall be subject to adjustment by the percentage increase (not to exceed 10% for any adjustment) in the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers (base year 2023) for Glendale, California CMSA, published by the United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (the “CPI Index”). If the CPI Index is discontinued or revised during the Term, such other governmental index or computation with which it is replaced shall be used in order to obtain substantially the same result as would be obtained if the CPI Index had not been discontinued or revised. If no such replacement index is provided, Lessor may select a reasonable index for the purpose of this Lease.

1.7 Other Monies Paid Upon Execution:
(a) Common Area Operating Expenses: $ -0- for the Lease term. (b) Security Deposit: $2,770.

1.8Agreed Use: Art Gallery space and other ancillary purposes associated therewith. (See Paragraph 6.)

1.9 Insuring Party. Lessor is the "Insuring Party" (see Paragraphs 8 and 9).

1.10 Guarantor. There is no guarantor for this Lessee (see Paragraph 37).

2. Premises.
10 of 129

3 9
5 5
1 2.1 Size of Premises. Unless otherwise provided herein, any statement of size set forth in this Lease, or that may have been used in calculating Base Rent, is an approximation which the Parties agree is reasonable and any payments based thereon are not subject to revision whether or not the actual size is more or less, except that in the event the useable square footage of the Premises is modified during the course of construction, the Parties agree to amend this Lease as to the actual size of the Premises and adjust; the Base Rent; and other monies, if any, due under this Lease to correspond with such revised square footage.

2.2 Condition. Lessor shall deliver that portion of the Premises to Lessee broom clean and free of debris on the Commencement Date or the Early Possession Date, whichever first occurs ("Start Date"), and, so long as the required service contracts described in Paragraph 7.1 (b) below are obtained by Lessee and in effect within thirty days following the Start Date, Lessor warrants that the existing electrical, plumbing, fire sprinkler, lighting, heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems ("HVAC"), loading doors, if any, and all other such elements in the Premises, other than those constructed by Lessee, shall be in good operating condition on the Start Date and that the structural elements of the roof, bearing walls and foundation of the Premises shall be free of material defects. If a non-compliance with such warranty exists as of the Start Date, or if one of such systems or elements should malfunction or fail within the appropriate warranty period, Lessor shall as Lessor’s sole obligation with respect to such matter, except as otherwise provided in this Lease, promptly after receipt of written notice from Lessee setting forth with specificity the nature and extent of such non- compliance, malfunction or failure, rectify same at Lessor's expense. The warranty periods shall be as follows: (i) 6 months as to the HVAC systems, and (ii) 30 days as to the remaining systems and other elements of the Premises (“Warranty Period”). If Lessee does not give Lessor the required notice within the appropriate Warranty Period, correction of any such non-compliance, malfunction or failure shall be the obligation of Lessee at Lessee's sole cost and expense (except for the repairs to the fire sprinkler systems, roof, foundations, and/or bearing walls - see Paragraph 7).

2.3 Compliance. Lessee is responsible for complying with all federal, state and local laws, statutes, regulations, ordinances including but not limited to environmental, hazardous materials, and toxic waste laws and zoning and land use requirements (“Applicable Requirements”). Lessee acknowledges its awareness that all occupants of non-residential buildings within the City of Glendale are required to obtain a Business Registration Certificate (BRC) from the City of Glendale, Neighborhood Services Division. Upon obtaining a BRC, a copy of same shall be forwarded to Lessor for its files. Lessee acknowledges that past uses of the Premises may no longer be allowed. If any Applicable Requirements are hereafter changed, modified, or amended so as to require during the term of this Lease the construction of an addition to or an alteration of the Premises or Building, the remediation of any Hazardous Substance, or the reinforcement or other physical modification of the Premises or Building ("Capital Expenditure"), Lessor and Lessee shall allocate the cost of such work as follows:
11 of 129

4 9
5 5
1 (a) Subject to Paragraph 2.3(c), if such Capital Expenditure is required as a result of the specific and unique use of the Premises by Lessee as compared with uses by tenants in general, Lessee shall be fully responsible for the cost thereof, provided, however that if such Capital Expenditure is required during the last two (2) years of this Lease and the cost thereof exceeds six (6) months' Base Rent, Lessee may instead terminate this Lease. In such event, Lessor shall notify Lessee, in writing, within ten (10) days after receipt of Lessee's termination notice that Lessor has elected to pay the difference between the actual cost thereof and the amount equal to six (6) months' Base Rent. If Lessee elects termination and Lessor does not pay the difference in the actual cost thereof and six (6) month’s Base Rent, Lessee shall immediately cease the use of the Premises which requires such Capital Expenditure and deliver to Lessor a written notice specifying a termination date at least ninety (90) days thereafter.

Such termination date shall, however, in no event be earlier than the last day that Lessee could legally utilize the Premises without incurring such Capital Expenditure. (b) If such Capital Expenditure is not the result of the specific and unique use of the Premises by Lessee (such as, governmentally mandated seismic modifications), then Lessor and Lessee shall allocate the obligation to pay for the portion of such costs reasonably attributable to the Premises pursuant to the formula set out in Paragraph 7.1(d); provided, however, that if such Capital Expenditure is required during the last two (2) years of this Lease or if Lessor reasonably determines that it is not economically feasible to pay its share thereof, Lessor shall have the option to terminate this Lease upon ninety (90) days prior written notice to Lessee unless Lessee notifies Lessor, in writing, within ten (10) days after receipt of Lessor's termination notice that Lessee will pay for such Capital Expenditure. If Lessor does not elect to terminate and fails to tender its share of any such Capital Expenditure, Lessee may advance such funds and deduct same, with Interest, as defined in Paragraph 13.5, from Rent until Lessor's share of such costs have been fully paid. If Lessee is unable to finance Lessor's share, or if the balance of the Rent due and payable for the remainder of this Lease is not sufficient to fully reimburse Lessee on an offset basis, Lessee shall have the right to terminate this Lease upon thirty (30) days’ written notice to Lessor.

(c) Notwithstanding the above, the provisions concerning Capital Expenditures are intended to apply only to non-voluntary, unexpected, and new Applicable Requirements. If the Capital Expenditures are instead triggered by Lessee as a result of an actual or proposed change in use, change in intensity of use, or modification to the Premises, Lessee shall be fully responsible for the cost thereof, and Lessee shall not have any right to terminate this Lease.

2.4 Acknowledgements. Lessee acknowledges that: (a) it has been advised by Lessor to satisfy itself with respect to the condition of the Premises (including but not limited to the electrical, HVAC and fire sprinkler systems, security, environmental aspects, and compliance with Applicable Requirements and the Americans with Disabilities Act), and their suitability for Lessee's intended use, (b) Lessee has made such investigation as it deems necessary with reference to such matters and assumes all responsibility therefor as the same relate to its occupancy of the Premises, and (c) 12 of 129

5 9
5 5
1 neither Lessor, nor Lessor's agents have made any oral or written representations or warranties with respect to said matters other than as set forth in this Lease. Lessor acknowledges that it is Lessor's sole responsibility to investigate the financial capability and/or suitability of all proposed tenants.

2.5 Lessee as Prior Owner/Occupant. The warranties made by Lessor in Paragraph 2, if any, shall be of no force or effect if immediately prior to the Start Date Lessee was the occupant of the Premises. In such event, Lessee shall be responsible for any necessary corrective work.

2.6 Vehicle Parking. Lessee shall be entitled to use the number of Unreserved Parking Spaces and Designated Parking Spaces specified in Paragraph

1.2(b) on those portions of the Common Areas designated from time to time by Lessor for parking. Lessee shall not use more parking spaces than said number. Said parking spaces shall be used for parking by vehicles no larger than full-size passenger automobiles or pick-up trucks, herein called "Permitted Size Vehicles." Lessor may regulate the loading and unloading of vehicles by adopting Rules and Regulations as provided in Paragraph 2.9. No vehicles other than Permitted Size Vehicles may be parked in the Common Area without the prior written permission of Lessor.

(a) Lessee shall not permit or allow any vehicles that belong to or are controlled by Lessee or Lessee's employees, suppliers, shippers, customers, contractors or invitees to be loaded, unloaded, or parked in areas other than those designated by Lessor for such activities.
(b) Lessee shall not service or store any vehicles in the Common Areas.

(c) If Lessee permits or allows any of the prohibited activities described in this Paragraph 2.6, then Lessor shall have the right, without notice, in addition to such other rights and remedies that it may have, to remove or tow away the vehicle involved and charge the cost to Lessee, which cost shall be immediately payable upon demand by Lessor.

2.7 Common Areas - Definition. The term "Common Areas" is defined as all areas and facilities outside the Premises and within the exterior boundary line of the Premises and interior utility raceways and installations within the Premises that are provided and designated by the Lessor from time to time for the general non-exclusive use of Lessor, Lessee and other tenants of the Building and their respective employees, suppliers, shippers, customers, contractors and invitees, including parking areas, loading and unloading areas, trash areas, roadways, walkways, driveways and landscaped areas.

2.8 Common Areas – Lessee’s Rights. Lessor grants to Lessee, for the benefit of Lessee and its employees, suppliers, shippers: contractors, customers and invitees, during the term of this Lease, the non-exclusive right to use, in common with 13 of 129

6 9
5 5
1 others entitled to such use, the Common Areas as they exist from time to time, subject to any rights, powers, and privileges reserved by Lessor under the terms hereof or under the terms of any rules and regulations or restrictions governing the use of the Building and Premises. Under no circumstances shall the right herein granted to use the Common Areas be deemed to include the right to store any property, temporarily or permanently, in the Common Areas. Any such storage shall be permitted only by the prior written consent of Lessor or Lessor's designated agent, which consent may be revoked at any time. In the event that any unauthorized storage shall occur then Lessor shall have the right, without notice, in addition to such other rights and remedies that it may have, to remove the property and charge the cost to Lessee, which cost shall be immediately payable upon demand by Lessor.

2.9 Common Areas –Rules and Regulations. Lessor, or such other person(s) as Lessor may appoint, shall have the exclusive control and management of the Common Areas and shall have the right, from time to time, to establish, modify, amend and enforce reasonable rules and regulations ("Rules and Regulations") for the management, safety, care, and cleanliness of the grounds, the parking and unloading of vehicles and the preservation of good order, as well as for the convenience of other occupants or tenants of the Building and the Premises and their invitees, Lessee agrees to abide by and conform to all such Rules and Regulations, and to cause its employees, suppliers, shippers, customers, contractors and invitees to so abide and conform.

Lessor shall not be responsible to Lessee for the non-compliance with said Rules and Regulations by other tenants of the Building.

2.10 Common Areas - Changes. Lessor shall have the right, in Lessor's sole discretion, from time to time to:
(a) Make changes to the Common Areas, including, without limitation, changes in the location, size, shape and number of driveways, entrances, parking spaces, parking areas, loading and unloading areas, ingress, egress, direction of traffic, landscaped areas, walkways and utility raceways;
(b) Close temporarily any of the Common Areas for maintenance purposes so long as reasonable access to the Premises remains available; (c) Designate other land outside the boundaries of the Building to be a part of the Common Areas;

(d) Add additional buildings and improvements to the Common Areas;

(e) Use the Common Areas while engaged in making additional improvements, repairs or alterations to the Premises, or any portion thereof; and to (f) Do and perform such other acts and make such other changes in, to or with respect to the Common Areas and Premises as Lessor may, in the exercise of sound business judgment, deem to be appropriate.
14 of 129

7 9
5 5
1 3. Term.

3.1 Term. The Term begins on the Commencement Date and continues through the Expiration Date of the Term of this Lease are as specified in Paragraph

1.3..

3.2Early Possession. If Lessee totally or partially occupies the Premises prior to the Commencement Date, Lessee shall be obligated to pay Base Rent for such period or portion thereof. All other terms of this Lease (including but not limited to the obligations to maintain the Premises) shall, however, be in effect during such period.

Any such early possession shall not affect the Expiration Date.

3.3Delay in Possession. Lessor agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to deliver possession of the Premises to Lessee by the Commencement Date. If, despite said efforts, Lessor is unable to deliver possession as agreed, Lessor shall not be subject to any liability there for, nor shall such failure affect the validity of this Lease.

Lessee shall not, however, be obligated to pay Rent or perform its other obligations until it receives possession of the Premises. Provided, however, if possession is not delivered within sixty (60) days after the Commencement Date, Lessee may, at its option, by notice in writing within ten (10) days after the end of such sixty (60) day period, terminate this Lease, in which event the Parties shall be discharged from all obligations hereunder. If such written notice is not received by Lessor within said ten (10) day period, Lessee’s right to terminate shall expire. Except as otherwise provided, if possession is not tendered to Lessee by the Start Date and Lessee does not terminate this Lease, any period of Rent abatement that Lessee would otherwise have enjoyed shall run from the date of delivery of possession and continue for a period equal to what Lessee would otherwise have enjoyed under the terms hereon, but minus any dates of delay caused by the acts or omissions of Lessee. If possession of the Premises is not delivered within four (4) months after the Commencement Date, this Lease shall terminate unless Lessor and Lessee enter into a new written agreement.

3.2Lessee Compliance. Lessor shall not be required to tender possession of the Premises to Lessee until Lessee complies with its obligation to provide evidence of insurance (Paragraph 8.5) and service contracts (Paragraph 7.1(b)). Pending delivery of such evidence, Lessee shall be required to perform all of its obligations under this Lease from and after the Start Date, including the payment of Rent, notwithstanding Lessor’s election to withhold possession pending receipt of such evidence of insurance. Further, if Lessee is required to perform any other conditions prior to or concurrent with the Start Date, the Start Date shall occur but Lessor may elect to withhold possession until such conditions are satisfied.

4.Rent.

4.1Rent Defined. All monetary obligations of Lessee to Lessor under the terms of this Lease (except for the Security Deposit) are deemed to be rent (“Rent”). 15 of 129

8 9
5 5
1 4.2Payment. Lessee shall cause payment of Rent to be received by Lessor in lawful money of the United States, without offset or deduction (except as specifically permitted in this Lease), on or before the day on which Rent is due. Rent for any period during the term hereof which is for less than one full calendar month shall be prorated based upon the actual number of days of said month. Payment of Rent shall be made to Lessor at its address stated herein or to such other persons or place as Lessor may from time to time designate in writing. Acceptance of a payment which is less than the amount then due shall not be a waiver of Lessor’s rights to the balance of such Rent, regardless of Lessor’s endorsement of any check so stating. In the event that any check, draft, or other instrument of payment given by Lessee to Lessor is dishonored for any reason, Lessee agrees to pay to Lessor the sum of $50 in addition to any late charges which may be due.

5.Security Deposit.

5.1 The Security Deposit in the amount of $2,770.00 shall be retained by Lessor under the following terms and conditions:
(a) The Security Deposit is security for Lessee’s faithful performance of its obligations under this Lease. If Lessee fails to pay Rent or otherwise Defaults under this Lease, Lessor may use, apply or retain all or any portion of said Security Deposit for the payment of any amount due Lessor or to reimburse or compensate Lessor for any liability, expense, loss or damage which Lessor may suffer or incur by reason thereof.
(b) If Lessor uses or applies all or any portion of the Security Deposit, Lessee shall within ten (10) days after written request therefor deposit monies with Lessor sufficient to restore said Security Deposit to the full amount required by this Lease.
(c) If the Base Rent increases during the term of this Lease, Lessee shall, upon written request from Lessor, deposit additional monies with Lessor so that the total amount of the Security Deposit shall at all times bear the same proportion to the increased Base Rent as the initial Security Deposit bore to the initial Base Rent.
(d) Should the Agreed Use be amended to accommodate a material change in the business of Lessee or to accommodate a sublessee or assignee, Lessor shall have the right to increase the Security Deposit to the extent necessary, in Lessor’s reasonable judgment, to account for any increased wear and tear that the Premises may suffer as a result thereof.
(e) If a change in control of Lessee occurs during this Lease and following such change, the financial condition of Lessee is, in Lessor’s reasonable judgment, significantly reduced, Lessee shall deposit such additional monies with Lessor as shall be sufficient to cause the Security Deposit to be at a commercially reasonable level based on such change in financial condition. Lessor shall not be required to keep the Security Deposit separate from its general accounts. 16 of 129

9 9
5 5
1 (f) Within fourteen (14) days after the expiration or termination of this Lease, if Lessor elects to apply the Security Deposit only to unpaid Rent, and otherwise within thirty (30) days after the Premises have been vacated pursuant to Paragraph 7.4(c), Lessor shall return that portion of the Security Deposit not used or applied by Lessor.
(g) No part of the Security Deposit shall be considered to be held in trust, to bear interest or to be prepayment for any monies to be paid by Lessee under this Lease.

6.Use.

6.1Use. Lessee shall use and occupy the Premises only for the Agreed Use, and for no other purpose without Lessor’s express written consent which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. Lessee shall not use or permit the use of the Premises in a manner that is unlawful; creates damage, waste, nuisance; disturbs occupants of or causes damage to neighboring premises or properties; impairs the structural integrity of the improvements on the Premises or the mechanical or electrical systems therein; or is not significantly more burdensome to the Premises. In the event Lessee seeks a change or modification of the Agreed Use, Lessee shall submit a written request to Lessor. In the event Lessor denies such request, Lessor shall provide the reasons for such denial in writing.

6.2Hazardous Substances.
(a)Reportable Uses Require Consent. The term “Hazardous Substance” as used in the Lease shall mean any product, substance, material, or waste, the presence, use, manufacture, disposal, transportation, or release of which, either by itself or in combination with other materials on the Premises, is either: (i) potentially injurious to the public health, safety or welfare, the environment or the Premises, (ii) regulated or monitored by any governmental authority, or (iii) a basis for potential liability of Lessor or any governmental agency or third party under any applicable statute or common law theory. Hazardous Substances shall include, but not be limited to, hydrocarbons, petroleum, gasoline, and/or crude oil or any products, by- products or fractions thereof. Lessee shall not engage in any activity in or on the Premises which constitutes a Reportable Use of Hazardous Substances without the express prior written consent of Lessor and timely compliance (at Lessee’s expense) with all Applicable Requirements. “Reportable Use” means: (i) the installation or use of any above or below ground storage tank, (ii) the generation, possession, storage, use, transportation, or disposal of a Hazardous Substance that requires a permit from, or with respect to which a report, notice, registration or business plan is required to be filed with any governmental authority, and/or (iii) the presence at the Premises of a Hazardous Substance with respect to which any Applicable Requirements require a notice be given to persons entering or occupying the Premises or neighboring properties. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Lessee may use any ordinary and customary materials reasonably required to be used in the normal course of the Agreed Use, so long as such use is in compliance with all Applicable Requirements, is not a Reportable 17 of 129

10 9
5 5
1 Use, and does not expose the Premises, Building, or neighboring property to any measurable risk of contamination or damage, or expose Lessor to any liability therefor.

Lessor may, in its sole discretion, grant or deny permission for any Reportable Use, or condition its consent for any Reportable Use upon receiving such additional assurances as Lessor reasonably deems necessary to protect itself, the public, the Premises and/or the environment against damage, contamination, injury and/or liability, including, but not limited to, the installation (and removal on or before Lease expiration or termination) of protective modifications (such as concrete encasements), mitigations, and/or increasing the Security Deposit.
(b)Duty to Inform Lessor. If Lessee knows, or has reasonable cause to believe, that a Hazardous Substance has come to be located in, on, under or about the Premises, other than as previously consented to by Lessor, Lessee shall immediately give written notice of such fact to Lessor, and provide Lessor with a copy of any report, notice, claim or other documentation which it has concerning the presence of such Hazardous Substance.

(c) Lessee Remediation. Lessee shall not cause or permit any Hazardous Substance to be spilled or released in, on, under, or about the Premises (including through the plumbing or sanitary sewer system) and shall promptly, at Lessee’s expense, take all investigatory and/or remedial actions reasonably recommended, whether or not formally ordered or required, for the cleanup of any contamination of, and for the maintenance, security and/or monitoring of the Premises or neighboring properties, that was caused or materially contributed to by Lessee, or pertaining to or involving any Hazardous Substance brought onto the Premises during the term of this Lease, by or for Lessee, or any third party.

(d)Lessee Indemnification—Hazardous Substances. Lessee shall indemnify, defend and hold Lessor, its agents, officers, employees, agents and representatives, if any, harmless from and against any and all loss of rents and/or damages, liabilities, judgments, claims, expenses, penalties, and attorneys’ and consultants’ fees arising out of or involving any Hazardous Substance brought onto the Premises by or for Lessee, or any third party (provided, however, that Lessee shall have no liability under this Lease with respect to underground migration of any Hazardous Substance from areas outside of the Premises). Lessee’s obligations shall include, but not be limited to, the effects of any contamination or injury to person, property or the environment created or suffered by Lessee, and the cost of investigation, removal, remediation, restoration and/or abatement, and shall survive the expiration or termination of this Lease. No termination, cancellation or release agreement entered into by Lessor and Lessee shall release Lessee from its obligations under this Lease with respect to Hazardous Substances, unless specifically so agreed by Lessor in writing at the time of such agreement.
(e)Lessor Indemnification—Hazardous Substances. Lessor and its successors and assigns shall indemnify, defend, reimburse and hold Lessee, its employees and lenders, harmless from and against any and all environmental 18 of 129

11 9
5 5
1 damages, including the cost of remediation, which existed as a result of Hazardous Substances on the Premises prior to the Commencement Date or which are caused by the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Lessor, its agents or employees. Lessor’s obligations, as and when required by the Applicable Requirements, shall include, but not be limited to, the cost of investigation, removal, remediation, restoration and/or abatement, and shall survive the expiration or termination of this Lease. (f)Investigations and Remediations. Lessor shall retain the responsibility and pay for any investigations or remediation measures required by governmental entities having jurisdiction with respect to the existence of Hazardous Substances on the Premises prior to the Commencement Date, unless such remediation measure is required as a result of Lessee’s use (including “Alterations”, as defined in paragraph 7.3(a)) of the Premises, in which event Lessee shall be responsible for such payment. Lessee shall cooperate fully in any such activities at the request of Lessor, including allowing Lessor and Lessor’s agents to have reasonable access to the Premises at reasonable times in order to carry out Lessor’s investigative and remedial responsibilities.
(g)Lessor Termination Option. If a Hazardous Substance Condition (as defined in Paragraph 9.1(e)) occurs during the term of this Lease and Lessee is legally responsible therefor, Lessee shall investigate and remediate the Hazardous Substance Condition as required by the Applicable Requirements. (, If Lessor is legally responsible, Lessor shall take one of the following actions at its option: (i) investigate and remediate such Hazardous Substance Condition, if required, as soon as reasonably possible at Lessor’s expense, in which event this Lease shall continue in full force and effect, or (ii) if the estimated cost to remediate such condition exceeds twelve (12) times the then monthly Base Rent or $100,000, whichever is greater, give written notice of termination to Lessee based on the occurrence of such Hazardous Substance Condition. The termination notice shall specify that termination will occur as of sixty( 60) days following the date of such notice. Within thirty (30) days after receipt by Lessor of such notice, Lessee may, within ten (10) days thereafter, give written notice to Lessor of Lessee’s commitment to pay the amount by which the cost of the remediation of such Hazardous Substance Condition exceeds an amount equal to twelve (12) times the then monthly Base Rent or $100,000, whichever is greater. Lessee shall provide Lessor with said funds or satisfactory assurance thereof within thirty (30) days following such commitment. In such event, this Lease shall continue in full force and effect, and Lessor shall proceed to make such remediation as soon as reasonably possible after the required funds are available. If Lessee does not give such notice and provide the required funds or assurance thereof within the time provided, this Lease shall terminate as of the date specified in Lessor’s notice of termination.

6.3Lessee’s Compliance with Applicable Requirements. Except as otherwise provided in this Lease, Lessee shall, at Lessee’s sole expense, fully, diligently and in a timely manner, materially comply with all Applicable Requirements, the requirements of any applicable fire insurance underwriter or rating bureau, and the recommendations of Lessor’s engineers and/or consultants which relate in any manner 19 of 129

12 9
5 5
1 to the Premises, without regard to whether said requirements are now in effect or become effective after the Commencement Date. Lessee shall, within ten (10) days after receipt of Lessor’s written request, provide Lessor with copies of all permits and other documents, and other information evidencing Lessee’s compliance with any Applicable Requirements specified by Lessor, and shall immediately upon receipt, notify Lessor in writing (with copies of any documents involved) of any threatened or actual claim, notice, citation, warning, complaint or report pertaining to or involving the failure of Lessee or the Premises to comply with any Applicable Requirements.

6.4Inspection; Compliance. Lessor and its consultants shall have the right to enter into Premises at any time, in the case of an emergency, and otherwise at reasonable times, for the purpose of inspecting the condition of the Premises and for verifying compliance by Lessee with this Lease. The cost of any such inspections shall be paid by Lessor, unless a violation of Applicable Requirements or a Hazardous Substance Condition is found to exist or be imminent, or the inspection is requested or ordered by a governmental authority. In such case, Lessee shall upon request by Lessor, reimburse Lessor for the cost of such inspection, so long as such inspection is reasonably related to the violation or contamination.

7.Maintenance; Repairs, Utility Installations; Trade Fixtures and Alterations.

7.1Lessee’s Obligations.
(a)In General. Subject to the provisions of Paragraph 2.2 (Condition),

2.3 (Compliance), 6.3 (Lessee’s Compliance with Applicable Requirements), 7.2 (Lessor’s Obligations), 9 (Damage or Destruction), and 14 (Condemnation), Lessee shall, at Lessee’s sole expense, keep the Premises, Utility Installations (intended for Lessee’s exclusive use, no matter where located), and Alterations in good order, condition and repair (whether or not the portion of the Premises requiring repairs, or the means of repairing the same, are reasonably or readily accessible to Lessee, and whether or not the need for such repairs occurs as a result of Lessee’s use, and prior use, the elements or the age of such portion of the Premises), including, but not limited to, all equipment or facilities, such as plumbing, HVAC equipment, electrical, lighting facilities, boilers, pressure vessels, fixtures, interior walls, interior surfaces of exterior walls, ceilings, floors, windows, doors, plate glass, and skylights but excluding any items which are the responsibility of Lessor pursuant to Paragraph 7.2. Lessee, in keeping the Premises in good order, condition and repair, shall exercise and perform good maintenance practices, specifically including the procurement and maintenance of the service contracts required by Paragraph 7.1(b) below. Lessee’s obligations shall include restorations, replacements or renewals when necessary to keep the Premises and all improvements thereon or a part thereof in good order, condition and state of repair. Further, Lessee shall be required to keep the windows of the Premises in a clean state and condition (including mullions) by means of implementing a regular and routine window washing schedule. In addition, Lessee to responsible for the costs associated with all routine repairs and maintenance to items located within the interior of 20 of 129

13 9
5 5
1 the Premises, in order to keep the Premises in good order, condition, and state of repair.

(b)Service Contracts. Lessee shall, at Lessee’s sole expense, procure and maintain service contracts, with copies to Lessor, in customary form and substance for, and with contractors specializing and experienced in the maintenance of equipment and improvements, if any, if and when installed by Lessee on the Premises, with written permission of the Lessor. However, Lessor reserves the right, upon notice to Lessee, to procure and maintain any or all service contracts, and if Lessor so elects, Lessee shall reimburse Lessor, upon demand, for the cost thereof.

(c)Failure to Perform. If Lessee fails to perform Lessee’s obligations under this Paragraph 7.1, Lessor may enter upon the Premises after ten (10) days’ prior written notice to Lessee (except in the case of an emergency, in which case no notice shall be required), perform such obligations on Lessee’s behalf, and put the Premises in good order, condition and repair, and Lessee shall promptly reimburse Lessor for the cost thereof.

(d)Replacement. Subject to Lessee’s indemnification of Lessor as set forth in Paragraph 8.7, and without relieving Lessee of liability resulting from Lessee’s failure to exercise and perform good maintenance practices, if an item described in Paragraph 7.1(b) cannot be repaired other than at a cost which is in excess of fifty percent (50%) of the cost of replacing such item, then such item shall be replaced by Lessor, and the cost thereof shall be prorated between the Parties and Lessee shall only be obligated to pay, each month during the remainder of the term of this Lease, on the date on which Base Rent is due, an amount equal to the product of multiplying the cost of such replacement by a fraction, the numerator of which is one, and the denominator of which is 144 (i.e. 1/144th of the cost per month). Lessee shall pay interest on the unamortized balance at a rate that is commercially reasonable in the judgment of Lessor's accountants. Lessee may, however, prepay its obligation at any time. Notwithstanding this Paragraph 7.1(d) and pursuant to Paragraphs 7.1(a) and 7.2 of this Lease, Lessor to be responsible for the costs associated with major repairs for items that would be capitalized based on standard accounting principles, and system failures that may or may not be covered under warranty, so long as same is not caused by the negligence of Lessee.

7.2 Lessor's Obligations. Subject to the provisions of Paragraphs 2.2 (Condition), 2.3 (Compliance), 6 (Use), 7.1 (Lessee's Obligations), 9 (Damage or Destruction) and 14 (Condemnation), Lessor, shall keep in good order, condition and repair the foundations, exterior walls, structural condition of interior bearing walls, exterior roof, fire sprinkler system, Common Area fire alarm and/or smoke detection systems, fire hydrants, parking lots, walkways, parkways, driveways, landscaping, fences, signs and Utility Installations (as defined in Paragraph 7.3) serving the Common Areas and all parts thereof, as well as providing the services for which there is a Common Area Operating Expense pursuant to Paragraph 1.7. Lessor shall not be obligated to paint the exterior or interior surfaces of exterior walls nor shall Lessor be 21 of 129

14 9
5 5
1 obligated to maintain, repair or replace windows, doors or plate glass of the Premises.

Lessee expressly waives the benefit of any statute now or hereafter in effect to the extent it is inconsistent with the terms of this Lease.

7.3 Utility Installations; Trade Fixtures; Alterations. (a) Definitions. The term "Utility Installations" means all floor and window coverings, air lines, power panels, electrical distribution, security and fire protection systems, communication systems, lighting fixtures, HVAC equipment, plumbing, and fencing in or on the Premises. The term "Trade Fixtures" means Lessee's machinery and equipment that can be removed without doing material damage to the Premises. The term "Alterations" means any modification of the improvements, other than Utility Installations or Trade Fixtures, whether by addition or deletion. "Lessee Owned Alterations and/or Utility Installations" means Alterations and/or Utility Installations made by Lessee that are not yet owned by Lessor pursuant to Paragraph

7.4(a).

(b) Consent. Lessee shall not make any Alterations or Utility Installation to the Premises without Lessor's prior written consent. Lessee may, however, make non-structural Utility Installations to the interior of the Premises (excluding the roof) without Lessor’s consent but upon notice to Lessor, as long as they are not visible from the outside, do not involve puncturing, relocating or removing the roof or any existing walls, and the cumulative cost thereof during this Lease does not exceed a sum equal to three (3) months Base Rent in the aggregate or a sum equal to one month's Base Rent in anyone year. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Lessee shall not make or permit any roof penetrations and/or install anything on the roof without the prior written approval of Lessor. Lessor may, as a precondition to granting such approval, require Lessee to utilize a contractor chosen and/or approved by Lessor. Any Alterations or Utility Installations that Lessee shall desire to make and which require the consent of the Lessor shall be presented to Lessor in written form with detailed plans.

Consent shall be deemed conditioned upon Lessee's: (i) acquiring all applicable governmental permits, (ii) furnishing Lessor with copies of both the permits and the plans and specifications prior to commencement of the work, and (iii) compliance with all conditions of said permits and other Applicable Requirements in a prompt and expeditious manner. Any Alterations or Utility Installations shall be performed in a workmanlike manner with good and sufficient materials. Lessee shall promptly upon completion furnish Lessor with as-built plans and specifications.

(c) Indemnification. Lessee shall pay, when due, all claims for labor or materials furnished or alleged to have been furnished to or for Lessee at or for use on the Premises, which claims are or may be secured by any mechanic's or materialman's lien against the Premises or any interest therein. Lessee shall give Lessor not less than ten (10) days’ notice prior to the commencement of any work in, on or about the Premises, and Lessor shall have the right to post notices of non-responsibility. If Lessee shall contest the validity of any such lien, claim or demand, then Lessee shall, at its sole expense defend and protect itself, Lessor and the Premises against the same and shall 22 of 129

15 9
5 5
1 pay and satisfy any such adverse judgment that may be rendered thereon before the enforcement thereof. If Lessor shall require, Lessee shall furnish a surety bond in an amount equal to 150% of the amount of such contested lien, claim or demand, indemnifying Lessor against liability for the same. If Lessor elects to participate in any such action, Lessee shall pay Lessor's attorneys' fees and costs.

7.4 Ownership; Removal; Surrender; and Restoration.

(a) Ownership. Subject to Lessor's right to require removal or elect ownership as hereinafter provided, all Alterations and Utility Installations made by Lessee shall be the property of Lessee, but considered a part of the Premises. Lessor may, at any time, elect in writing to be the owner of all or any specified part of the Lessee Owned Alterations and Utility Installations. Unless otherwise instructed per Paragraph 7.4(b), all Lessee Owned Alterations and Utility Installations shall, at the expiration or termination of this Lease, become the property of Lessor and be surrendered by Lessee with the Premises.

(b) Removal. By delivery to Lessee of written notice from Lessor not earlier than 90 and not later than thirty (30) days prior to the end of the term of this Lease, Lessor may require that any or all Lessee Owned Alterations or Utility Installations be removed by the expiration or termination of this Lease. Lessor may require the removal at any time of all or any part of any Lessee’s Owned Alterations or Utility Installations made without the required consent.

(c) Surrender; Restoration. Lessee shall surrender the Premises by the Expiration Date or any earlier termination date, with all of the improvements, parts and surfaces thereof broom clean and free of debris, and in good operating order, condition and state of repair, ordinary wear and tear excepted. "Ordinary wear and tear" shall not include any damage or deterioration that would have been prevented by good maintenance practice. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if this Lease is for twelve (12) months or less, then Lessee shall surrender the Premises in the same condition as delivered to Lessee on the Commencement Date with no allowance for ordinary wear and tear. Lessee shall repair any damage occasioned by the installation, maintenance or removal of Trade Fixtures, Lessee owned Alterations and/or Utility Installations, furnishings, and equipment as well as the removal of any storage tank installed by or for Lessee. Lessee shall also completely remove from the Premises any and all Hazardous Substances brought onto the Premises by or for Lessee, or any third party (except Hazardous Substances which were deposited via underground migration from areas outside of the Premises) even if such removal would require Lessee to perform or pay for work that exceeds statutory requirements. Trade Fixtures shall remain the property of Lessee and shall be removed by Lessee. The failure by Lessee to timely vacate the Premises pursuant to this Paragraph 7.4(c) without the express written consent of Lessor shall constitute a holdover under the provisions of Paragraph 26.

8. Insurance; Indemnity.
23 of 129

16 9
5 5
1 8.1 Payment of Premiums. The cost of the premiums, if any, for the insurance policies required to be carried by Lessor shall be paid for by the Lessor.

8.2 Liability Insurance.

(a)Carried by Lessee. Lessee shall obtain and keep in force a Commercial General Liability policy of insurance protecting Lessee and Lessor as an additional insured against claims for bodily injury, personal injury and property damage based upon or arising out of the ownership, use, occupancy or maintenance of the Premises and all areas appurtenant thereto. The policy shall add the City of Glendale (Lessor), its officers, agents and employees as additional insureds under the policy in the following amounts:

COMMERCIAL GENERAL LIABILITY INSURANCE in an amount not Iess than Two Million Dollars ($2,000,000) per occurrence for personal injuries, including accidental death, to any one person; property damage insurance in an amount not Iess than Two Million Dollars ($2,000,000); and subject to the above limits and combined single limit of insurance in an amount not less than Two Million Dollars ($2,000,000).

At all times, the insurance company issuing the policy shall be either an "admitted" insurer in the State of California; shall be domiciled within, and organized under the laws of, a state of the United States; and shall carry an A.M. Best & Company minimum rating of “A:VII”, or at all times on the List of Eligible Surplus Line Suppliers (LESLI List) on the current California Department of Insurance website, or be reasonably approved by the Lessor.

All policies shall contain a “Separation of Insured” clause and a “Primary Coverage” clause for any loss arising out of or caused by Lessee’s use, occupancy, activities, events, or operations on, in or about the Premises. In addition, the policies shall contain a statement of obligation on the insurance carrier’s part to notify Lessor, by registered mail, at least thirty (30) days in advance of any policy cancellation, termination or reduction of the stated limits.

Before taking possession of the Premises, Less shall deliver to Lessor a "certificate of insurance" and an "additional insured endorsement" (collectively "evidence of liability insurance"), both documents countersigned by the insurance carrier or its authorized representative, on forms satisfactory to the City Attorney, which set forth this Paragraph 8's insurance provisions. The countersigned certificate, along with the additional insured endorsement, shall state:
“The City of Glendale, its officers, agents and employees are added as additional insureds under this policy. This insurance is primary to the coverage of the City of Glendale. The City of Glendale and any of their insurers shall not be required to contribute to any loss. The insurance shall apply separately to each insured. 24 of 129

17 9
5 5
1 The issuing company shall mail thirty (30) days advance notice to the City of Glendale of any policy cancellation, termination or reduction of the stated limits.” Additionally, the certificate of insurance shall state if any claim has been paid or is currently pending under the policy, and if so, the amount of the claim(s) and the amount of liability limits as lowered by the paid or pending claim(s). Any deductibles or self- insured retentions shall be set forth on the certificate and shall be subject to Lessor's review and approval.

(b) Carried by Lessor. Lessor shall maintain liability insurance as described in Paragraph 8.3(a), in addition to, and not in lieu of, the insurance required to be maintained by Lessee. Lessee shall not be named as an additional insured therein.

Lessor shall have the right to self-insure for the insurance coverage required of Lessor under this Paragraph 8.2.

8.3 Property Insurance -Building, Improvements and Rental Value.

(a) Building and Improvements. Lessor shall obtain and keep in force a policy or policies of insurance in the name of Lessor, with loss payable to Lessor, any ground-lessor, and to any Lender insuring loss or damage to the Premises.

The amount of such insurance shall be equal to the full replacement cost of the Premises, as the same shall exist from time to time, or the amount required by any Lender, but in no event more than the commercially reasonable and available insurable value thereof. Lessee Owned Alterations and Utility Installations, Trade Fixtures, and Lessee's personal property shall be insured by Lessee under Paragraph 8.4. If the coverage is available and commercially appropriate, such policy or policies shall insure against all risks of direct physical loss or damage (except the perils of flood and/or earthquake unless required by a Lender), including coverage for debris removal and the enforcement of any Applicable Requirements requiring the upgrading, demolition, reconstruction or replacement of any portion of the Premises as the result of a covered loss. Said policy or policies shall also contain an agreed valuation provision in lieu of any coinsurance clause, waiver of subrogation, and inflation guard protection causing an increase in the annual property insurance coverage amount by a factor of not less than the adjusted U.S. Department of Labor Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers for the city nearest to where the Premises are located. If such insurance coverage has a deductible clause, the deductible amount shall not exceed $1,000 per occurrence.
(b) Rental Value. Lessor shall also obtain and keep in force a policy or policies in the name of Lessor with loss payable to Lessor and any Lender, insuring the loss of the full Rent for one year with an extended period of indemnity for an additional 180 days ("Rental Value Insurance"). Said insurance shall contain an agreed valuation provision in lieu of any coinsurance clause, and the amount of coverage shall be adjusted annually to reflect the projected Rent otherwise payable by Lessee, for the next twelve (12) month period.
25 of 129

18 9
5 5
1 (c) Adjacent Premises. Lessee shall pay for any increase in the premiums for the property insurance of the Building and for the Common Areas or other buildings if said increase is caused by Lessee's acts, omissions, use or occupancy of the Premises.

(d) Lessee's Improvements. Since Lessor is the Insuring Party, Lessor shall not be required to insure Lessee Owned Alterations and Utility Installations unless the item in question has become the property of Lessor under the terms of this Lease.

8.4 Lessee's Property.

(a) Property Damage. Lessee shall obtain and maintain insurance coverage on all of Lessee's personal property, Trade Fixtures, and Lessee Owned Alterations and Utility Installations. Such insurance shall be full replacement cost coverage with a deductible of not to exceed $1,000 per occurrence. The proceeds from any such insurance shall be used by Lessee for the replacement of personal property, Trade Fixtures and Lessee Owned Alterations and Utility Installations. Lessee shall provide Lessor with written evidence that such insurance is in force.

(b) No Representation of Adequate Coverage. Lessor makes no representation that the limits or forms of coverage of insurance specified herein are adequate to cover Lessee's property, business operations or obligations under this Lease.

8.5 Insurance Policies. Lessee shall, at least thirty (30) days prior to the expiration of such policies, furnish Lessor with evidence of renewals or "insurance binders" evidencing renewal thereof, or Lessor may order such insurance and charge the cost thereof to Lessee, which amount shall be payable by Lessee to Lessor upon demand. Such policies shall be for a term of at least one year, or the length of the remaining term of this Lease, whichever is less. If either Party shall fail to procure and maintain the insurance required to be carried by it, the other Party may, but shall not be required to, procure and maintain the same.

8.6 Waiver of Subrogation. Without affecting any other rights or remedies, Lessee and Lessor each hereby release and relieve the other, and waive their entire right to recover damages against the other, for loss of or damage to its property arising out of or incident to the perils required to be insured against herein. The effect of such releases and waivers is not limited by the amount of insurance carried or required, or by any deductibles applicable hereto. The Parties agree to have their respective property damage insurance carriers waive any right to subrogation that such companies may have against Lessor or Lessee, as the case may be, so long as the insurance is not invalidated thereby.
26 of 129

19 9
5 5
1 8.7 Indemnity. Except for Lessor's gross negligence or willful misconduct, to the maximum extent permitted by law, Lessee shall indemnify, protect, defend and hold harmless Lessor and its agents, officers, and employees, and representatives, from and against any and all suits, actions, causes of action, proceedings, decrees, settlements, losses, injuries, claims, loss of rents and/or damages, liens, judgments, penalties, attorneys' and consultants' fees, expenses and/or liabilities, actual or alleged, in contract or in tort; or for bodily injury (including accidental death) personal injury or property damage arising out of, involving, or in connection with, Lessee’s use and/or occupancy of the Premises by Lessee. Lessee’s obligation to indemnify, defend, and hold Lessor harmless will remain in effect and will be binding upon Lessee whether the liability, or the expense, or both, accrues—or is discovered—before or after this Lease’s expiration, cancellation, or termination. This Paragraph 8.7 is separate and independent from the insurance provisions in Paragraphs 8.2 – 8.6, are neither limited to nor capped at the coverage amounts specified under said insurance provisions, and do not limit, in any way, the applicability, scope, or obligations of said insurance provisions. If any action or proceeding is brought against Lessor by reason of any of the foregoing matters, Lessee shall upon notice defend the same at Lessee's expense by counsel reasonably satisfactory to Lessor and Lessor shall cooperate with Lessee in such defense. Lessor need not have first paid any such claim in order to be defended or indemnified.

8.8 Exemption of Lessor from Liability. Lessor shall not be liable for injury or damage to the person or goods, wares, merchandise or other property of Lessee, Lessee's employees, contractors, invitees, customers, or any other person in or about the Premises, whether such damage or injury is caused by or results from fire, steam, electricity, gas, water or rain, or from the breakage, leakage, obstruction or other defects of pipes, fire sprinklers, wires, appliances, plumbing, HVAC or lighting fixtures, or from any other cause whatsoever, whether said injury or damage results from conditions arising upon the Premises or upon other portions of the Building, or from other sources or places. Lessor shall not be liable for any damages arising from any act or negligence of any other tenant of Lessor nor from the failure of Lessor to enforce the provisions of any other lease in the Building. Notwithstanding Lessor's negligence or breach of this Lease, Lessor shall under no circumstances be liable for injury to Lessee's business or for any loss of income or profit therefrom.

9. Damage or Destruction.

9.1 Definitions.

(a) "Premises Partial Damage" shall mean damage or destruction to the improvements on the Premises, other than Lessee Owned Alterations and Utility Installations, which can reasonably be repaired in three (3) months or less from the date of the damage or destruction, and the cost thereof does not exceed a sum equal to six (6) month's Base Rent. Lessor shall notify Lessee in writing within thirty (30) days from the date of the damage or destruction as to whether or not the damage is Partial or Total.
27 of 129

20 9
5 5
1 (b) "Premises Total Destruction" shall mean damage or destruction to the improvements on the Premises, other than Lessee Owned Alterations and Utility Installations and Trade Fixtures, which cannot reasonably be repaired in three (3) months or less from the date of the damage or destruction and/or the cost thereof exceeds a sum equal to six (6) month's Base Rent. Lessor shall notify Lessee in writing within thirty (30) days from the date of the damage or destruction as to whether or not the damage is Partial or Total.
(c) "Insured Loss" shall mean damage or destruction to improvements on the Premises, other than Lessee Owned Alterations and Utility Installations and Trade Fixtures, which was caused by an event required to be covered by the insurance described in Paragraph 8.3(a), irrespective of any deductible amounts or coverage limits involved.

(d) "Replacement Cost" shall mean the cost to repair or rebuild the improvements owned by Lessor at the time of the occurrence to their condition existing immediately prior thereto, including demolition, debris removal and upgrading required by the operation of Applicable Requirements, and without deduction for depreciation.

(e) "Hazardous Substance Condition" shall mean the occurrence or discovery of a condition involving the presence of, or a contamination by, a Hazardous Substance as defined in Paragraph 6.2(a), in, on, or under the Premises.

9.2 Partial Damage -Insured Loss. If a Premises Partial Damage that is an Insured Loss occurs, then Lessor shall, at Lessor's expense, repair such damage (but not Lessee's Trade Fixtures or Lessee Owned Alterations, and Utility Installations) as soon as reasonably possible and this Lease shall continue in full force and effect; provided, however, that Lessee shall, at Lessor’s election, make the repair of any damage or destruction the total cost to repair of which is $5,000 or less, and, in such event, Lessor shall make any applicable insurance proceeds available to Lessee on a reasonable basis for that purpose. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the required insurance was not in force or the insurance process are not sufficient to effect such repair, the Insuring Party shall promptly contribute the shortage in proceeds as and when required to complete said repairs. In the event, however such shortage was due to the fact that, by reason of the unique nature of the improvements, full replacement cost Insurance coverage was not commercially reasonable and available Lessor shall have no obligation to pay for the shortage in insurance proceeds or to fully restore the unique aspects of the Premises unless Lessee provides Lessor with the funds to cover same, or adequate assurance thereof, within ten (10) days, following receipt of written notice of such shortage and request therefore. If Lessor receives said funds or adequate assurance thereof within said ten (10) day period, the party responsible for making the repairs shall complete them as soon as reasonably possible and this Lease shall remain in full force and effect. If such funds or assurance are not received, Lessor may nevertheless elect by written notice to Lessee within ten (10) days thereafter to: (i) make such restoration and repair as is commercially reasonable with Lessor paying any 28 of 129

21 9
5 5
1 shortage in proceeds, in which case this Lease shall remain in full force and effect, or (ii) have this Lease shall terminate three (3) days thereafter. Lessee shall not be entitled to reimbursement of any funds contributed by Lessee to repair any such damage or destruction. Premises Partial Damage due to flood or earthquake shall be subject to Paragraph 9.3, notwithstanding that there may be some insurance coverage, but the net proceeds of any such insurance shall be made available for the repairs if made by either Party.

9.3 Partial Damage - Uninsured Loss. If a Premises Partial Damage that is not an Insured Loss occurs, unless caused by a negligent or willful act of Lessee (in which event Lessee shall make the repairs at Lessee's expense), Lessor may either: (i) repair such damage as soon as reasonably possible at Lessor’s expense, in which event-this Lease shall continue in full force and effect, or (ii) terminate this Lease by giving written Notice to Lessee within thirty (30) days after receipt by Lessor of knowledge of the occurrence of such damage. Such termination shall be effective sixty (60) days following the date of such notice. In the event Lessor elects to terminate this Lease, Lessee shall have the right within ten (10) days after receipt of the termination notice to give written notice to Lessor of Lessee's commitment to pay for the repair of such damage without reimbursement from Lessor. Lessee shall provide Lessor with said funds or satisfactory assurance thereof within thirty (30) days after making such commitment. In such event this Lease shall continue in full force and effect, and Lessor shall proceed to make such repairs as soon as reasonably possible after the required funds are available. If Lessee does not make the required commitment, this Lease shall terminate as of the date specified in the termination notice.

9.4 Total Destruction. Notwithstanding any other provision hereof, if a Premises Total Destruction occurs, this Lease shall terminate sixty (60) days following such Total Destruction. If the Total Destruction was caused by the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Lessee, Lessor shall have the right to recover Lessor's damages from Lessee, except as provided in Paragraph 8.6.

9.5 Damage Near End of Term. If at any time during the last six (6) months of this Lease there is damage for which the cost to repair exceeds one month's Base Rent, whether or not an Insured Loss, Lessor may terminate this Lease effective sixty (60) days following the date of occurrence of such damage by giving a written termination notice to Lessee within thirty (30) days after the date of occurrence of such damage.

9.6 Abatement of Rent; Lessee's Remedies.

(a) Abatement. In the event of Premises Partial Damage or Premises Total Destruction or a Hazardous Substance Condition for which Lessee is not responsible under this Lease, the Rent payable by Lessee for the period required for the repair, remediation or restoration of such damage shall be abated in proportion to the degree to which Lessee's use of the Premises is impaired, but not to exceed the proceeds received from the Rental Value insurance. All other obligations of Lessee 29 of 129

22 9
5 5
1 hereunder shall be performed by Lessee, and Lessor shall have no liability for any such damage, destruction, remediation, repair or restoration except as provided herein.

(b) Remedies. If Lessor shall be obligated to repair or restore the Premises and does not commence, in a substantial and meaningful way, such repair or restoration within ninety (90) days after such obligation shall accrue, Lessee may, at any time prior to the commencement of such repair or restoration, give written notice to Lessor and to any Lenders of which Lessee has actual notice, of Lessee's election to terminate this Lease on a date not less than sixty (60) days following the giving of such notice. If Lessee gives such notice and such repair or restoration is not commenced within thirty (30) days thereafter, this Lease shall terminate as of the date specified in said notice. If the repair or restoration is commenced within such thirty (30) days, this Lease shall continue in full force and effect. For purposes of this section, "commence" means either the unconditional authorization of the preparation of the required plans, or the beginning of the actual work on the Premises, whichever first occurs.

9.7 Termination; Advance Payments. Upon termination of this Lease pursuant to Paragraph 6.2(g) or Paragraph 9, an equitable adjustment shall be made concerning advance Base Rent and any other advance payments made by Lessee to Lessor. Lessor shall, in addition, return to Lessee so much of Lessee's Security Deposit as has not been, or is not then required to be, used by Lessor.

9.8 Waive Statutes. Lessor and Lessee agree that the terms of this Lease shall govern the effect of any damage to or destruction of the Premises with respect to the termination of this Lease and hereby waive the provisions of any present or future statute to the extent inconsistent herewith.

10. Real Property Taxes.

10.1Definition. As used herein, the term "Real Property Taxes" means any form of assessment; real estate, general, special, ordinary or extraordinary, or rental levy or tax (other than inheritance, personal income or estate taxes); improvement bond; and/or license fee imposed upon or levied against any legal or equitable interest of Lessor in the Premises, Lessor's right to other income there from, and/or Lessor's business of leasing, by any authority having the direct or indirect power to tax and where the funds are generated with reference to the Premises address and where the proceeds so generated are to be applied by the city, county or other local taxing authority of a jurisdiction within which the Premises is located. The term "Real Property Taxes" also means include any tax, fee, levy, assessment or charge, or any increase therein, imposed by reason of events occurring during the term of this Lease, including but not limited to, a change in the ownership of the Premises or any portion thereof or a change in the improvements thereon. In calculating Real Property Taxes for any calendar year, the Real Property Taxes for any real estate tax year shall be included in the calculation of Real Property Taxes for such calendar year based upon the number of days which such calendar year and tax year have in common. 30 of 129

23 9
5 5
1 10.2 Payment of Taxes. Lessor shall pay the Real Property Taxes applicable to this Lease.

10.3 Additional Improvements. Lessee shall pay the entirety of any increase in Real Property Taxes if assessed solely by reason of Alterations, Trade Fixtures or Utility Installations placed upon the Premises by Lessee or at Lessee's request for the enjoyment of other lessees.

10.4 Joint Assessment. If the Building is not separately assessed, Real Property Taxes allocated to the Building shall be an equitable proportion of the Real Property Taxes for all of the land and improvements included within the tax parcel assessed, such proportion to be determined by Lessor from the respective valuations assigned in the assessor's work sheets or such other information as may be reasonably available. Lessor's reasonable determination thereof, in good faith, shall be conclusive.

10.5 Personal Property Taxes. Lessee shall pay prior to delinquency all taxes assessed against and levied upon Lessee Owned Alterations and Utility Installations, Trade Fixtures, furnishings, equipment and all personal property of Lessee contained in the Premises. When possible, Lessee shall cause its Lessee Owned Alterations and Utility Installations, Trade Fixtures, furnishings, equipment and all other personal property to be assessed and billed separately from the real property of Lessor. If any of Lessee's said property shall be assessed with Lessor’s real property, Lessee shall pay Lessor the taxes attributable to Lessee's property within ten (10) days after receipt of a written statement setting forth the taxes applicable to Lessee's property.

11. Utilities. Lessee shall pay for all water, gas, heat, light, power, telephone, trash disposal and other utilities and services supplied to the Premises, together with any taxes thereon. In addition to the provisions of Paragraph 4.2, if at any time in Lessor’s sole judgment, Lessor determines that Lessee is using a disproportionate amount of water, electricity or other commonly metered utilities, or that Lessee is generating such a large volume of trash as to require an increase in the size of the dumpster and/or an increase in the number of times per month that the dumpster is emptied, then Lessor may increase Lessee's Base Rent by an amount equal to such increased costs.

12. Assignment and Subletting.

12.1 Lessor’s Consent Required.

(a) Lessee shall not voluntarily or by operation of law assign, transfer, mortgage or encumber (collectively, "assign or assignment") or sublet all or any part of Lessee's interest in this Lease or in the Premises without Lessor's prior written consent.

Lessee shall not have the right to assign or sublease all or any portion of Lessee’s interest in this Lease or in the Premises.
31 of 129

24 9
5 5
1 (b) A change in the control of Lessee shall constitute an assignment requiring consent.

12.2 Terms and Conditions Applicable to Assignment and Subletting. (a) Regardless of Lessor's consent, no assignment or subletting shall:
(i) be effective without the express written assumption by such assignee or sublessee of the obligations of Lessee under this Lease, (ii) release Lessee of any obligations hereunder, or (iii) alter the primary liability of Lessee for the payment of Rent or for the performance of any other obligations to be performed by Lessee.

(b) Lessor may accept Rent or performance of Lessee's obligations from any person other than Lessee pending approval or disapproval of an assignment.

Neither a delay in the approval or disapproval of such assignment nor the acceptance of Rent or performance shall constitute a waiver or estoppel of Lessor's right to exercise its remedies against Lessee for Default or Breach of this Lease.

(c) Lessor's consent to any assignment or subletting shall not constitute consent to any subsequent assignment or subletting.

(d) In the event of any Default or Breach by Lessee, Lessor may proceed directly against Lessee, any Guarantors or anyone else responsible for the performance of Lessee's obligations under this Lease, including any assignee or sublessee, without first exhausting Lessor's remedies against any other person or entity responsible therefor to Lessor, or any security held by Lessor.

(e) Each request for consent to an assignment or subletting shall be in writing, accompanied by information relevant to Lessor's determination as to the legal, financial and operational responsibility and appropriateness of the proposed assignee or sublessee, including but not limited to the intended use and/or required modification of the Premises, if any, together with a fee of $1,000 or ten percent (10%) of the current monthly Base Rent applicable to the portion of the Premises which is the subject of the proposed assignment or sublease, whichever is greater, as consideration for Lessor's considering and processing said request. Lessee agrees to provide Lessor with such other or additional information and/or documentation as may be reasonably requested.

(f) Any assignee of, or sublessee under, this Lease shall, by reason of accepting such assignment or entering into such sublease, be deemed to have assumed and agreed to conform and comply with each and every term, covenant, condition and obligation herein to be observed or performed by Lessee during the term of said assignment or Sublease, other than such obligations as are contrary to or inconsistent with provisions of an assignment or sublease to which Lessor has specifically consented to in writing.

(g) Lessor's consent to any assignment or subletting shall not transfer to the assignee or sublessee any option that Lessor may grant in its sole and absolute 32 of 129

25 9
5 5
1 discretion to extend this Lease unless Lessor consents in writing to such transfer in advance of such assignment or subletting (see Paragraph 39.2), and Lessor has approved assignee’s or sublessee’s proof of insurance and endorsement thereof, submitted for assignee in conformance with Paragraph 8.

12.3 Additional Terms and Conditions Applicable to Subletting. The following terms and conditions shall apply to any subletting by Lessee of all or any part of the Premises and shall be deemed included in all subleases under this Lease whether or not expressly incorporated therein:

(a) Lessee hereby assigns and transfers to Lessor all of Lessee's interest in all Rent payable on any sublease, and Lessor may collect such Rent and apply same toward Lessee's obligations under this Lease; provided, however, that until a Breach shall occur in the performance of Lessee's obligations, Lessee may collect said Rent. Lessor shall neither, by reason of the foregoing or any assignment of such sublease, nor by reason of the collection of Rent, be deemed liable to the sublessee for any failure of Lessee to perform and comply with any of Lessee's obligations to such sublessee. Lessee hereby irrevocably authorizes and directs any such sublessee, upon receipt of a written notice from Lessor stating that a Breach exists in the performance of Lessee's obligations under this Lease, to pay to Lessor all Rent due and to become due under the sublease. Sublessee shall rely upon any such notice from Lessor and shall pay all Rents to Lessor without any obligation or right to inquire as to whether such Breach exists, notwithstanding any claim from Lessee to the contrary.

(b) In the event of a Breach by Lessee, Lessor may, at its option, require sublessee to attorn to Lessor, in which event Lessor shall undertake the obligations of the sublessor under such sublease from the time of the exercise of said option to the expiration of such sublease; provided, however, Lessor shall not be liable for any prepaid rents or security deposit paid by such sublessee to such sublessor or for any prior Defaults or Breaches of such sublessor.

(d) No sublessee shall further assign or sublet all or any part of the Premises without Lessor's prior written consent.

(e) Lessor shall deliver a copy of any notice of Default or Breach by Lessee to the sublessee, who shall have the right to cure the Default of Lessee within the grace period, if any, specified in such notice. The sublessee shall have a right of reimbursement and offset from and against Lessee for any such Defaults cured by the sublessee.

13. Default; Breach; Remedies.
33 of 129

26 9
5 5
1 13.1 Default; Breach. "Default” means a failure by the Lessee to comply with or perform any of the terms, covenants, conditions or Rules and Regulations under this Lease. "Breach" means the occurrence of one or more of the following Defaults, and the failure of Lessee to cure such Default within any applicable grace period:

(a) The abandonment of the Premises; or the vacating of the Premises without providing a commercially reasonable level of security, or where the required insurance coverages described in Paragraph 8 is jeopardized as a result thereof, or without providing reasonable assurances to minimize potential vandalism.

(b) The failure of Lessee to make any payment of Rent or any Security Deposit required to be made by Lessee hereunder, whether to Lessor or to a third party, when due, to provide the required evidence of insurance or surety bond, or to fulfill any obligation under this Lease which endangers or threatens life or property, where such failure continues for a period of 3 business days following written notice to Lessee.

(c) The failure by Lessee to provide (i) reasonable written evidence of compliance with Applicable Requirements, (ii) the service contracts, (iii) the rescission of an unauthorized assignment or subletting, (iv) an Estoppel Certificate, (v) a requested subordination, (vi) evidence concerning any guaranty and/or Guarantor, (vii) any document requested under Paragraph 41, or (viii) any other documentation or information which Lessor may reasonably require of Lessee under the terms of this Lease, where any such failure continues for a period of 10 days following written notice to Lessee.
(d) A Default by Lessee as to the terms, covenants, conditions or provisions of this Lease, or of the rules adopted under Paragraph 2.9 hereof, other than those described in subparagraphs 13.1 (a), (b) or (c), above, where such Default continues for a period of thirty (30) days after written notice; provided, however, that if the nature of Lessee's Default is such that more than thirty (30) days are reasonably required for its cure, then it shall not be deemed to be a Breach if Lessee commences such cure within said thirty (30) day period and thereafter diligently prosecutes such cure to completion.
(e) The occurrence of any of the following events: (i) the making of any general arrangement or assignment for the benefit of creditors; (ii) becoming a "debtor" as defined in 11 U.S.C. § 101 or any successor statute thereto (unless, in the case of a petition filed against Lessee, the same is dismissed within sixty (60) days); (iii) the appointment of a trustee or receiver to take possession of substantially all of Lessee's assets located at the Premises or of Lessee's interest in this Lease, where possession is not restored to Lessee within three (3) days; or (iv) the attachment, execution or other judicial seizure of substantially all of Lessee's assets located at the Premises or of Lessee's interest in this Lease, where such seizure is not discharged within thirty (30) days; provided, however, in the event that any provision of this subparagraph (e) is contrary to any applicable law, such provision shall be of no force or effect, and not affect the validity of the remaining provisions.
34 of 129

27 9
5 5
1 (f) The discovery that any financial statement of Lessee or of any Guarantor given to Lessor was materially false.

(g) If the performance of Lessee's obligations under this Lease is guaranteed: (i) the death of a Guarantor, (ii) the termination of a Guarantor's liability with respect to this Lease other than in accordance with the terms of such guaranty, (iii) a Guarantor's becoming insolvent or the subject of a bankruptcy filing, (iv) a Guarantor's refusal to honor the guaranty, or (v) a Guarantor's breach of its guaranty obligation on an anticipatory basis, and Lessee's failure, within sixty (60) days following written notice of any such event, to provide written alternative assurance or security, which, when coupled with the then existing resources of Lessee, equals or exceeds the combined financial resources of Lessee and the Guarantors that existed at the time of execution of this Lease.

13.2 Remedies. If Lessee fails to perform any of its affirmative duties or obligations, within ten (10) days after written notice (or in case of an emergency, without notice), Lessor may, at its option, perform such duty or obligation on Lessee's behalf, including but not limited to the obtaining of reasonably required bonds, insurance policies, or governmental licenses, permits or approvals. The costs and expenses of any such performance by Lessor shall be due and payable by Lessee upon receipt of invoice therefor. If any check given to Lessor by Lessee shall not be honored by the bank upon which it is drawn, Lessor, at its option, may require all future payments to be made by Lessee to be by cashier's check. In the event of a Breach, Lessor may, with or without further notice or demand, and without limiting Lessor in the exercise of any right or remedy which Lessor may have by reason of such Breach:

(a) Terminate Lessee's right to possession of the Premises by any lawful means, in which case this Lease shall terminate and Lessee shall immediately surrender possession to Lessor. In such event Lessor shall be entitled to recover from Lessee: (i) the unpaid Rent which had been earned at the time of termination: (ii) the worth at the time of award of the amount by which the unpaid rent which would have been earned after termination until the time of award exceeds the amount of such rental loss that the Lessee proves could have been reasonably avoided; (iii) the worth at the time of award of the amount by which the unpaid rent for the balance of the term after the time of award exceeds the amount of such rental loss that the Lessee proves could be reasonably avoided; and (iv) any other amount necessary to compensate Lessor for all the detriment proximately caused by the Lessee’s failure to perform its obligations under this Lease or which in the ordinary course of things would be likely to result therefrom, including but not limited to the cost of recovering possession of the Premises, expenses of reletting, including necessary renovation and alteration of the Premises, reasonable attorney’s fees, and that portion of any leasing commission paid by Lessor in connection with this Lease applicable to the unexpired term of this Lease.

The worth at the time of award of the amount referred to in provision (iii) of the immediately preceding sentence shall be computed by discounting such amount at the discount rate of the Federal Reserve Bank of the District within which the Premises are 35 of 129

28 9
5 5
1 located at the time of award plus one percent. Efforts by Lessor to mitigate damages caused by Lessee's Breach of this Lease shall not waive Lessor's right to recover damages under Paragraph 12. If termination of this Lease is obtained through the provisional remedy of unlawful detainer, Lessor shall have the right to recover in such proceeding any unpaid Rent and damages as are recoverable therein, or Lessor may reserve the right to recover all or any part thereof in a separate suit. If a notice and grace period required under Paragraph 13.1 was not previously given, a notice to pay rent or quit, or to perform or quit given to Lessee under the unlawful detainer statute shall also constitute the notice required by Paragraph 13.1. In such case, the applicable grace period required by Paragraph 13.1 and the unlawful detainer statute shall run concurrently, and the failure of Lessee to cure the Default within the greater of the two such grace periods shall constitute both an unlawful detainer and a Breach of this Lease entitling Lessor to the remedies provided for in this Lease and/or by said statute.

(b) Continue the Lease and Lessee's right to possession and recover the Rent as it becomes due, in which event Lessee may sublet or assign, subject only to reasonable limitations. Acts of maintenance, efforts to relet, and/or the appointment of a receiver to protect the Lessor's interests, shall not constitute a termination of the Lessee's right to possession.

(c) Pursue any other remedy now or hereafter available under-the-laws or judicial decisions of the state wherein the Premises is located. The expiration or termination of this Lease and/or the termination of Lessee's right to possession shall not relieve Lessee from liability under any indemnity provisions of this Lease as to matters occurring or accruing during the term hereof or by reason of Lessee's occupancy of the Premises.

13.3 Inducement Recapture. Any agreement for free or abated rent or other charges, or for the giving or paying by Lessor to or for Lessee of any cash or other bonus, inducement or consideration for Lessee's entering into this Lease, all of which concessions are hereinafter referred to as "Inducement Provisions", shall be deemed conditioned upon Lessee's full and faithful performance of all of the terms, covenants and conditions of this Lease. Upon Breach of this Lease by Lessee, any such Inducement Provision shall automatically be deemed deleted from this Lease and of no further force or effect, and any rent, other charge, bonus, inducement or consideration theretofore abated, given or paid by Lessor under such an Inducement Provision shall be immediately due and payable by Lessee to Lessor, notwithstanding any subsequent cure of said Breach by Lessee. The acceptance by Lessor of rent or the cure of the Breach which initiated the operation of this paragraph shall not be deemed a waiver by Lessor of the provisions of this paragraph unless specifically so stated in writing by Lessor at the time of such acceptance.

13.4Late Charges. Lessee hereby acknowledges that late payment by Lessee of Rent will cause Lessor to incur costs not contemplated by this Lease, the exact amount of which will be extremely difficult to ascertain. Such costs include, but are not limited to, processing and accounting charges, and late charges which may be 36 of 129

29 9
5 5
1 imposed upon Lessor by any Lender. Accordingly, if any Rent shall not be received by Lessor within five (5) days after such amount shall be due, then, without any requirement of notice to Lessee, Lessee shall pay to Lessor a one-time late charge equal to ten percent (10%) of each such overdue amount or $100, whichever is greater.

The parties hereby agree that such late charge represents a fair and reasonable estimate of the costs Lessor will incur by reason of such late payment. Acceptance of such late charge by Lessor shall in no event constitute a waiver of Lessee's Default or Breach with respect to such overdue amount, nor prevent the exercise of any of the other rights and remedies granted hereunder. In the event that a late charge is payable hereunder, whether or not collected, for three consecutive installments of Base Rent, then notwithstanding any provision of this Lease to the contrary, Base Rent shall, at Lessor's option, become due and payable quarterly in advance.

13.5 Interest. Any monetary payment due Lessor hereunder, other than late charges, not received by Lessor, when due as to scheduled payments (such as Base Rent) or within thirty (30) days following the date on which it was due for non-scheduled payment, shall bear interest from the date when due, as to scheduled payments, or the 31st day after it was due as to non-scheduled payments. The interest ("Interest") charged shall be equal to the prime rate reported in the Wall Street Journal as published closest prior to the date when due plus four percent (4%) but shall not exceed the maximum rate allowed by law. Interest is payable in addition to the potential late charge provided for in Paragraph 13.4.

13.6 Breach by Lessor.
(a) Notice of Breach. Lessor shall not be deemed in breach of this Lease unless Lessor fails within a reasonable time to perform an obligation required to be performed by Lessor. For purposes of this Paragraph, a reasonable time shall in no event be less than thirty (30) days after receipt by Lessor, of written notice specifying wherein such obligation of Lessor has not been performed; provided, however, that if the nature of Lessor's obligation is such that more than thirty (30) days are reasonably required for its performance, then Lessor shall not be in breach if performance is commenced within such thirty (30) day period and thereafter diligently pursued to completion.

(b) Performance by Lessee on Behalf of Lessor. In the event that neither Lessor cures said breach within thirty (30) days after receipt of said notice, or if having commenced said cure they do not diligently pursue it to completion, then Lessee may elect to cure said breach at Lessee's expense and offset from Rent an amount equal to the greater of one month's Base Rent or the Security Deposit, and to pay an excess of such expense under protest, reserving Lessee's right to reimbursement from Lessor. Lessee shall document the cost of said cure and supply said documentation to Lessor.

14.Condemnation. If the Premises or any portion thereof are taken under the power of eminent domain or sold under the threat of the exercise of said power 37 of 129

30 9
5 5
1 (collectively "Condemnation"), this Lease shall terminate as to the part taken as of the date the condemning authority takes title or possession, whichever first occurs. If more than ten percent (10%) of the floor area of the Premises, is taken by Condemnation, Lessee may, at Lessee's option, to be exercised in writing within ten (10) days after Lessor shall have given Lessee written notice of such taking (or in the absence of such notice, within ten (10) days after the condemning authority shall have taken possession) terminate this Lease as of the date the condemning authority takes such possession. If Lessee does not terminate this Lease in accordance with the foregoing, this Lease shall remain in full force and effect as to the portion of the Premises remaining, except that the Base Rent shall be reduced in proportion to the reduction in utility of the Premises caused by such Condemnation. Condemnation awards and/or payments shall be the property of Lessor, whether such award shall be made as compensation for diminution in value of the leasehold, the value of the part taken, or for severance damages; provided, however, that Lessee shall be entitled to any compensation for Lessee's relocation expenses, loss of business goodwill and/or Trade Fixtures, without regard to whether or not this Lease is terminated pursuant to the provisions of this Paragraph 14.

All Alterations and Utility Installations made to the Premises by Lessee, for purposes of Condemnation only, shall be considered the property of the Lessee and Lessee shall be entitled to any and all compensation which is payable therefor. In the event that this Lease is not terminated by reason of the Condemnation, Lessor shall repair any damage to the Premises caused by such Condemnation.

15.Brokerage Fees. The Parties agree that there are no brokerage fees involved in this transaction.

16.Estoppel Certificates.
(a) Each Party (as "Responding Party") shall within ten (10) days after written notice from the other Party (the "Requesting Party") execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Requesting Party an estoppel statement in recordable form certifying that the Lease is unmodified and is in full force and effect (if such is the case), certifying the commencement and termination dates of the Lease Term, certifying that there has been no assignment or sublease of this Lease, certifying that there are no uncured defaults in the Requesting Party’s performance, and that there are no defenses or offsets hereto (or stating those claim), and containing such other information as may be reasonably requested by the Requesting Party (the "Estoppel Certificate"). (b) If the Responding Party shall fail to execute or deliver the Estoppel Certificate within such ten (10) day period, the Requesting Party may execute an Estoppel Certificate stating that: (i) the Lease is in full force and effect without modification except as may be represented by the Requesting Party, (ii) there are no uncured defaults in the Requesting Party's performance, and (iii) if Lessor is the Requesting Party, not more than one month’s rent has been paid in advance.

Prospective purchasers and encumbrances may rely upon the Requesting Party's Estoppel Certificate, and the Responding Party shall be estopped from denying the truth of the facts contained in said Certificate.
38 of 129

31 9
5 5
1 (c) If Lessor desires to finance, refinance, or sell the Premises, or any part thereof, Lessee and all Guarantors shall offer to any potential lender or purchaser designated by Lessor such financial statements as may be reasonably required by such lender or purchaser, including but not limited to Lessee's financial statements for the past three (3) years. All such financial statements shall be received by Lessor and such lender or purchaser in confidence and shall be used only for the purposes herein set forth.

17.Definition of Lessor. The term “Lessor” as used herein means the owner or owners at the time in question of the fee title to the Premises, or, if this is a sublease, of the Lessee’s interest in the prior lease. In the event of a transfer of Lessor’s title or interest in the Premises or this Lease, Lessor shall deliver to the transferee or assignee (in cash or by credit) any unused Security Deposit held by Lessor. Upon such transfer or assignment and delivery of the Security Deposit, as aforesaid, the prior Lessor shall be relieved of all liability with respect to the obligations and/or covenants under this Lease thereafter to be performed by the Lessor. Subject to the foregoing, the obligations and/or covenants in this Lease to be performed by the Lessor shall be binding only upon the Lessor as hereinabove defined. Notwithstanding the above, and subject to the provisions of Paragraph 20 herein below, the original Lessor under this Lease and all subsequent holders of the Lessor’s interest in this Lease shall remain liable and responsible with regard to the potential duties and liabilities of Lessor pertaining to Hazardous Substances as outlined in Paragraph 6.2 herein above.

18.Severability. The invalidity of any provision of this Lease, as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction, shall in no way affect the validity of any other provision hereof.

19.Days. Unless otherwise specifically indicated to the contrary, the word “days” as used in this Lease shall mean and refer to calendar days.

20.Limitation on Liability. Subject to the provisions of Paragraph 17 herein above, the obligations of Lessor under this Lease shall not constitute personal obligations of Lessor, its officers, agents, representatives or employees, or any one of them. Lessee shall look to the Premises, and to no other assets of Lessor, for the satisfaction of any liability of Lessor with respect to this Lease, and shall not seek recourse against Lessor, its officers, agents, representatives or employees, or any one of them any of their personal assets for such satisfaction.

21.Time of Essence. Time is of the essence with respect to the performance of all obligations to be performed or observed by the Parties under this Lease.

22.No Prior or Other Agreements. This Lease contains all agreements between the Parties with respect to any matter mentioned herein, and no other prior or contemporaneous agreement or understanding shall be effective. Lessor and Lessee each represents and warrants that it has made, and is relying solely upon, its own 39 of 129

32 9
5 5
1 investigation as to the nature, quality, character and financial responsibility of the other Party to this Lease and as to the use, nature, quality and character of the Premises.

23.Notices.

23.1 Notice Requirements. All notices required or permitted by this Lease or applicable law shall be in writing and may be delivered in person (by hand or by courier) or may be sent by regular, certified or registered mail or U.S. Postal Service Express Mail, with postage prepaid, or by facsimile transmission, and shall be deemed sufficiently given if served in a manner specified in this Paragraph 23. The addresses noted adjacent to a Party’s signature on this Lease shall be that Party’s address for delivery or mailing of notices. Either Party may by written notice to the other specify a different address for notice, except that upon Lessee’s taking possession of the Premises, the Premises shall constitute Lessee’s address for notice. A copy of all notices to Lessor shall be concurrently transmitted to such party or parties as such addresses as Lessor may from time to time hereafter designate in writing.

23.2 Date of Notice. Any notice sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, shall be deemed given on the date of delivery shown on the receipt card, or if no delivery date is shown, the postmark thereon. If sent by regular mail the notice shall be deemed given 48 hours after the same is addressed as required herein and mailed with postage prepaid. Notices delivered by United States Express Mail or overnight courier that guarantee next day delivery shall be deemed given twenty-four (24) hours after delivery of the same to the Postal Service or courier. Notices transmitted by facsimile transmission or similar means shall be deemed delivered upon telephone confirmation of receipt (confirmation report from fax machine is sufficient), provided a copy is also delivered via delivery or mail. If notice is received on a Saturday, Sunday or legal holiday, it shall be deemed received on the next business day.

24.Waivers. No waiver by Lessor of the Default or Breach of any term, covenant or condition hereof by Lessee, shall be deemed a waiver of any other tern, covenant or condition hereof, or of any subsequent Default or Breach by Lessee of the same or of any other term, covenant or condition hereof. Lessor’s consent to, or approval of, any act shall not be deemed to render unnecessary the obtaining of Lessor’s consent to, or approval of, any subsequent or similar act by Lessee, or be construed as the basis of an estoppel to enforce the provision or provisions of this Lease requiring such consent. The acceptance of Rent by Lessor shall not be a waiver of any Default or Breach by Lessee.

Any payment by Lessee may be accepted by Lessor on account of moneys or damages due Lessor, notwithstanding any qualifying statements or conditions made by Lessee in connection therewith, which such statements and/or conditions shall be of no force or effect whatsoever unless specifically agreed to in writing by Lessor at or before the time of deposit of such payment.

25.No Discrimination. This Lease prohibits leasing of the Premises on the basis of sex, marital status, race, color, creed, religion, ancestry and national origin of any 40 of 129

33 9
5 5
1 person. Therefore, the following shall constitute the provision incorporated into the terms and conditions of this Lease:

The Lessee herein covenants by and for itself, its heirs, executors, administrator, assigns, and all persons claiming under or through it, and this Lease is made and accepted upon and subject to the following conditions:

That there shall be no discrimination against or segregation of any person or group of person on account of sex, marital status, race, color, creed, religion, national origin or ancestry of the lease, subleasing, transferring, use occupancy, tenure or enjoyment of the Premises herein leased nor shall the Lessee itself, or any person claiming under or through it establish or permit any such practice or practices of discrimination or segregation with reference to the selection, location, number, use or occupancy of tenants, lessees, sublessee, subtenants or vendees in the Premises herein leased.

Further, Lessee understands that the Premises are part of a project located in the City of Glendale (“City”) and that the City will have the approval over any City permits required for Lessee use and occupancy of the Premises.

26. No Right to Holdover. Lessee has no right to retain possession of the Premises of any part thereof beyond the expiration or termination of this Lease. In the event that Lessee holds over the Base Rent shall be increased to 150% of the Base Rent applicable immediately preceding the expiration or termination. Nothing contained herein shall be construed as consent by Lessor to any holding over by Lessee.

27. Cumulative Remedies. No remedy or election hereunder shall be deemed exclusive but shall, wherever possible, be cumulative with all other remedies at law or in equity.

28. Covenants and Conditions; Construction of Agreement. All provisions of this Lease to be observed or performed by Lessee are both covenants and conditions. In construing this Lease, all headings and titles are for the convenience of the Parties only and shall not be considered a part of the Parties, but rather according to its fair meaning as a whole, as if both Parties had prepared it.

29. Binding Effect; Choice of Law. This Lease shall be binding upon the parties, their personal representatives, successors and assigns and be governed by the laws of the State of California. Any litigation between the Parties hereto concerning this Lease shall be initiated in the County of Los Angeles.

30. Subordination; Attornment; Non-Disturbance.

30.1Subordination. This Lease shall be subject and subordinate to any ground lease, mortgage, deed of trust, or other hypothecation or security device (collectively, “Security Device”), now or hereafter placed upon the Premises, to any and 41 of 129

34 9
5 5
1 all advances made on the security thereof, any all the renewals, modifications, and extensions thereof. Lessee agrees that the holders that any such Security Devices (in this Lease together referred to as “Lender”) shall have no liability or obligation to perform any of the obligations of Lessor under the Lease. Any Lender may elect to have this Lease superior to the lien of its Security Device by giving written notice thereof to Lessee, whereupon this Lease shall be deemed prior to such Security Device, notwithstanding the relative dates of the documentation or recordation thereof.

30.2Attornment. In the event that Lessor transfers title to the Premises, or the Premises are acquired by another upon the foreclosure or termination of a Security Device to which the Lease is subordinated (i) Lessee shall, subject to the non- disturbance provisions of Paragraph 30.3, attorn to such new owner, and upon the request, enter into a new lease, containing all of the terms and provisions of this Lease, with such new owner for the remainder of the term hereof, or, at the election of such new owner, this Lease shall automatically become a new Lease between Lessee and such new owner, upon all of the terms and conditions hereof, for the remainder of the term hereof, and (ii) Lessor shall thereafter be relieved of any further obligations hereunder and such new owner shall assume all of Lessor’s obligations hereunder, except that such new owner shall not: (a) be liable of any act of omission of any prior Lessor or with respect to events occurring prior to acquisition of ownership; (b) be subject to any offsets or defenses which Lessee might have against any prior Lessor, (c) be bound by prepayment of more than one month’s rent, or (d) be liable for the return of any security deposit paid to any prior Lessor.

30.3Non-disturbance. With respect to Security Devices entered into by Lessor after the execution of this Lease, Lessee’s subordination of this Lease shall be subject to receiving a commercially reasonable non-disturbance agreement (“Non- Disturbance Agreement”) from the Lender which Non-Disturbance Agreement provides that Lessee’s possession of the premises, and this Lease, including any options to extend the term hereof, if granted by Lessor, will not be disturbed so long as the Lessee is not in Breach hereof and attorns to the record owner of the Premises. Further, within sixty (60) days after the execution of this Lease, Lessor shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain a Non-Disturbance Agreement from the holder of any pre- existing Security Device which is secured by the Premises. In the event that Lessor is unable to provide the Non-Disturbance Agreement within said sixty (60) days, then Lessee may, at Lessee’s option, directly contact Lender at attempt to negotiate for the execution and delivery of a Non-Disturbance Agreement.

30.4.Self-Executing. The agreements contained in Paragraph 30 shall be effective without the execution of any further documents; provided, however, that, upon written request from Lessor or Lender in connection of the sale, financing or refinancing of the Premises, Lessee and Lessor shall execute such further writings as maybe reasonably required to separately document any subordination, attornment and/or Non- Disturbance Agreement provided for herein.
42 of 129

35 9
5 5
1 31.Attorney’s Fees. If any Party brings an action or proceeding involving the Premises whether founded in tort, contract or equity, or to declare rights here under, the Prevailing Party (as here after defined) in any such proceeding, action, or appeal thereon, such be entitled to responsible attorney’s fees. Such fees may be awarded in the same suit or recovered in a separate suit, whether or not such action or proceeding is pursued to decision or judgment. The term, “Prevailing Party” means, without limitation, a Party who substantially obtains or defeats the relief sought, as the case maybe, whether by compromise, settlement, judgment, or the abandonment of the other Party of its claim or defense. The attorneys’ fees award shall not be computed in accordance with any court fee schedule but shall be such as to fully reimburse all attorneys’ fees reasonably incurred. Lessor shall be entitled to attorneys’ fees, cost and expenses incurred in the preparation and service of notices of Default and consultation in connection therewith, whether or not legal action is subsequently commenced in connection with such Default or resulting Breach.

32. Lessor's Access; Showing Premises; Repairs. Lessor and Lessor's agents shall have the right to enter the Premises at any time, in the case of an emergency, and otherwise at reasonable times for the purpose of showing the same to prospective purchasers, lenders, or tenants, and making such alterations, repairs, improvements or additions to the Premises as Lessor may deem necessary. All such activities shall be without abatement of Rent or liability to Lessee. Lessor may at any time, place on the Premises any ordinary "For Sale" signs and Lessor may during the last six (6) months of the term hereof place on the Premises any ordinary "For Lease" signs. Lessee may at any time place on the Premises any ordinary "For Sublease" sign.

33. Auctions. Lessee shall not conduct, nor permit to be conducted, any auction upon the Premises without Lessor's prior written consent. Lessor shall not be obligated to exercise any standard of reasonableness in determining whether to permit an auction.

34. Signs. Except for ordinary "For Sublease" signs which may be placed only on the Premises, Lessee shall not place any sign upon the Building without Lessor's prior written consent. All signs must comply with all Applicable Requirements. Lessee, at Lessee’s expense to have the right to install its proportionate share of building signage on both California Avenue and Orange Street frontages of the Premises in accordance with City of Glendale’s sign ordinance. The location of any signage shall be mutually agreed upon by Lessor and Lessee.

35. Termination; Merger. Unless specifically stated otherwise in writing by Lessor, the voluntary or other surrender of this Lease by Lessee, the mutual termination or cancellation hereof, or a termination hereof by Lessor for Breach by Lessee, shall automatically terminate any sublease or lesser estate in the Premises; provided, however, that Lessor may elect to continue anyone or all existing subtenancies.

Lessor's failure within ten (10) days following any such event to elect to the contrary by written notice to the holder of any such lesser interest, shall constitute Lessor's election to have such event constitute the termination of such interest. 43 of 129

36 9
5 5
1 36. Consents. Except as otherwise provided herein, wherever in this Lease the consent of a Party is required to an act by or for the other Party, such consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. Lessor's actual reasonable costs and expenses (including but not limited to architects', attorneys', engineers' and other consultants' fees) incurred in the consideration of, or response to, a request by Lessee for any Lessor consent, including but not limited to consents to an assignment, a subletting or the presence or use of a Hazardous Substance, shall be paid by Lessee upon receipt of an invoice and supporting documentation therefor. Lessor's consent to any act, assignment or subletting shall not constitute an acknowledgment that no Default or Breach by Lessee of this Lease exists, nor shall such consent be deemed a waiver of any then existing Default or Breach, except as may be otherwise specifically stated in writing by Lessor at the time of such consent. The failure to specify herein any particular condition to Lessor's consent shall not preclude the imposition by Lessor at the time of consent of such further or other conditions as are then reasonable with reference to the particular matter for which consent is being given. In the event that either Party disagrees with any determination made by the other hereunder and reasonably requests the reasons for such determination, the determining party shall furnish its reasons in writing and in reasonable detail within ten (10) days following such request.

37.Guarantor.

37.1 Execution. The Guarantors, if any, shall each execute a guaranty in the form acceptable to the Lessor, and each such Guarantor shall have the same obligations as Lessee under this Lease.

37.2 Default. It shall constitute a Default of the Lessee if any Guarantor fails or refuses, upon request to provide:
(a) evidence of the execution of the guaranty, including the authority of the party signing on Guarantor's behalf to obligate Guarantor, and in the case of a corporate Guarantor, a certified copy of a resolution of its board of directors authorizing the making of such guaranty;
(b) current financial statements;
(c) an Estoppel Certificate; or
(d) written confirmation that the Guaranty is still in effect.

38. Quiet Possession. Subject to payment by Lessee of the Rent and performance of all of the covenants, conditions and provisions on Lessee's part to be observed and performed under this Lease, Lessee shall have quiet possession and quiet enjoyment of the Premises during the term hereof.

39.Options. This Lease does not grant Lessee is an option to extend this Lease.

Lessor retains its sole and absolute discretion to grant a Lease extension if requested by Lessee at least three (3) months prior to the end of the Term. 44 of 129

37 9
5 5
1 39.4 INTENTIONALLY BLANK

40.Security Measures. Lessee hereby acknowledges that the Rent payable to Lessor hereunder does not include the cost of guard service or other security measures, and that Lessor shall have no obligation whatsoever to provide same. Lessee assumes all responsibility for the protection of the Premises, Lessee, its agents and invitees and their property from the acts of third parties.

41.Reservations. Lessor reserves the right: (i) to grant, without the consent or joinder of Lessee, such easements, rights and dedications that Lessor deems necessary, (ii) to cause the recordation of parcel maps and restrictions, and (iii) to create and/or install new utility raceways, so long as such easements, rights, dedications, maps, restrictions, and utility raceways do not unreasonably interfere with the use of the Premises by Lessee. Lessee agrees to sign any documents reasonably requested by lessor to effectuate such rights.

42.Performance under Protest. If at any time a dispute shall arise as to any amount or sum of money to be paid by one Party to the other under the provisions hereof, the Party against whom the obligation to pay the money is asserted shall have the right to make payment “under protest” and such payment shall not be regarded as voluntary payment and there shall survive the right on the part of said Party to institute suit for recovery of such sum. If it shall be adjudged that there was no legal obligation on the part of said Party to pay such sum or any part thereof, said Party shall be entitled to recover such sum or so much thereof as it was not legally required to pay.

43.Authority. If either Party hereto is a corporation, trust, limited liability company, partnership, or similar entity, each individual executing this Lease on behalf of such entity represents and warrants that they are duly authorized to execute and deliver this Lease on its behalf. Each Party shall, within thirty (30) days after request, deliver to the other Party satisfactory evidence of such authority.

44.Conflict. Any conflict between the printed provisions of this Lease and the typewritten or handwritten provisions shall be controlled by the typewritten or handwritten provisions.

45.Offer. Preparation of this Lease by either party or their agent and submission of same to the other Party shall not be deemed an offer to lease to the other Party. This Lease is not intended to be binding until executed and delivered by all Parties hereto.

46.Amendments. This Lease may be modified only in writing, signed by the Parties in interest at the time of the modification. As long as they do not materially change Lessee’s obligations hereunder, Lessee agrees to make such reasonable non-monetary modifications to this Lease as may be reasonably required by a Lender in connection with the obtaining of normal financing or refinancing of the Premises. 45 of 129

38 9
5 5
1 47.Multiple Parties. If more than one person or entity is named herein as either Lessor or Lessee, such multiple Parties shall have joint and several responsibility to comply with the terms of this Lease.

48.Waiver of Jury Trial. The Parties hereby waive their respective rights to trial by jury in any action or proceeding involving the Property or arising out of this Agreement.

49.Mediation and Arbitration of Disputes. An Addendum requiring the Mediation and/or the Arbitration of all disputes between the Parties arising out of this Lease is not attached to this Lease.

LESSOR AND LESSESS HAVE CAREFULLY READ AND REVIEWED THIS LEASE

AND EACH TERM AND PROVISION CONTAINED HEREIN, AND BY THE

EXECUTION OF THIS LEASE SHOW THEIR INFORMED AND VOLUNTARY CONSENT THERETO. THE PARTIES HEREBY AGREE THAT, AT THE TIME THIS

LEASE IS EXECUTED, THE TERMS OF THIS LEASE ARE COMMERCIALLY

RESONABLE AND EFFECTUATE THE INTENT AND PURPOSE OF LESSOR AND LESSEE WITH RESPECT TO THE PREMISES.

The parties hereto have executed this Lease at the place and on the dates specified above their respective signatures.

Executed at: ________________________ Executed at: ____________________ on: ________________________________ on: _____________________________ By LESSOR: By LESSEE:

City of Glendale Knowledge Truck, Inc.

By: _______________________________ By: _____________________________ Roubik Golanian, City Manager Stepan Partamian, President Approved As to Form:

MICHAEL J. GARCIA,CITY ATTORNEY
By:________________________________
Gillian van Muyden,
Chief Assistant City Attorney
46 of 129

47 of 129

48 of 129

2 CITY OF GLENDALE, CALIFORNIA

REPORT TO THE CITY COUNCIL

AGENDA ITEM
Report: Presentation of the Final Draft of the 2022-2023 Report on the Status of Women and Girls in Glendale by Mount Saint Mary's University

1. Motion to note and file the 2022-2023 Report on the Status of Women and Girls in Glendale

COUNCIL ACTION
Item Type: Action Item
Approved for September 19, 2023 calendar

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report provides City Council with an overview of the final draft of the 2022-2023 Report on the Status of Women and Girls in Glendale, including an addendum on Glendale’s Armenian Women. The report includes information about demographics, education, employment & earnings, poverty, health, safety, and leadership of women in the City of Glendale.
49 of 129

22 4
5 8
9 COUNCIL PRIORITIES
The report may inform future economic development initiatives.

RECOMMENDATION
Staff respectfully recommends that the City Council notes and files the final draft of the 2022-2023 Report on the Status of Women & Girls in Glendale as presented.

BACKGROUND
Last year, the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) approved a partnership with Mount Saint Mary’s University (MSMU) to produce a report on the status of women and girls in Glendale and approved the establishment of an ad hoc committee to work on this report alongside City and MSMU staff.

The final draft of the report, including a supplementary document/addendum on Glendale’s Armenian Women, was approved by the CSW at the special meeting of the Commission on September 11, 2023. The purpose of the report is to provide the City with data and analysis on issues that impact the lives of women and girls and highlight equity gaps. The results of the report can inform future city policies. The prior report on the status of women and girls in Glendale was published for 2015-2016.

ANALYSIS
The report and the addendum are included as Exhibit 1 and Exhibit 2. The addendum includes disaggregate information about Armenian Women and draws from the American Community Survey data. Also included as Exhibit 3 is a PowerPoint presentation on the results of the report. All of these documents were prepared by faculty and staff of MSMU, including professional researchers, and was formatted by their graphics team. The report underwent multiple reviews by the CSW Commission Chair and the City Clerk.

The report provides information on the following topics:
•Demographics
•Education
•Employment & Earnings
•Poverty
•Health
•Safety
•Leadership
Some of the significant findings of the 2022-2023 Report on the Status of Women and Girls in Glendale include the following:

Demographics:
•The largest ethnic group in Glendale is Armenian American; just over one- third of Glendale’s population identifies as having Armenian ancestry.

Over the past decade the percentage of Armenians in Glendale has 50 of 129

32 4
5 8
9 varied from 34% (2006-2010) to 37% (2011-2015); over the 2017-2021 period, an average of 35% of Glendale residents reported an Armenian ancestry.
•The City of Glendale’s Latina population has increased from 19% in 2014 to 21% in 2021. At the same time, the proportion of women who identify as “white” (including all ethnicities except those of Hispanic origin) has decreased from 61% in 2014 to 57% in 2021.
•The median age of Glendale’s women is decreasing. The median age in 2014 was 43.5 years and in 2021 that has dropped to 41 years. •In 2021, 29% of Glendale households were headed by women; this is down from 33% in 2014. These households tend to have higher rates of poverty, especially where children are in the home.

Education:
•In 2021-2022, 45% of students enrolled in Glendale Unified School District (GUSD) grades K-12 identified as Armenian. The largest language group among English Learners was Armenian, comprising 13% of all GUSD students; this proportion is about the same as in 2013-2014. •While the Latina population of Glendale is increasing, the proportion of Latinas in Glendale’s public schools appears to be decreasing. In 2013- 14, 54% of girls enrolled in Glendale Unified School District (GUSD) were classified as white, including Armenians; 24% identified as Latina. In 2021-2022, 58% of those enrolled were classified as white (which generally includes Armenian students) and 20% are Latina. •Glendale women are attaining a higher level of education today than earlier in the decade. In 2014, 39% of women aged 25 years and over had a minimum of a 4-year college degree; in 2021 that has risen to 50% of women. At the same time, the proportion of women with less than a high school diploma has dropped from 15% in 2014 to 10% in 2021. •Glendale women also have attained a higher level of education than women in the county; in 2021, 50% of Glendale women held a bachelor’s degree or higher compared to 36% of Los Angeles County women.

Employment and Earnings:
•The unemployment rate of Glendale women decreased from 2014 when it was 8.9% to 2019 when it had dropped to 5.4%. After a bumpy year in 2020, when unemployment rates of women and men reached as high as 18%, the 2021 annual unemployment rate of women and men had dropped back to 8.4%. Unemployment rates in 2022 have continued to decrease so that by December 2022, the unemployment rate was at just over 4%.
•Women’s earnings have continued to rise. Median earnings of full-time working Glendale women increased 36% from $45,234 in 2014 to $61,404 in 2021. In 2021, the median earnings of women in Los Angeles County were $52,495.
51 of 129

42 4
5 8
9 •The gender earning gap between Glendale women and men is less than that across the county and the state. In 2021, full-time working Glendale women earned 94% of what men earned; this is compared to Los Angeles County where women earned 90% of what men earned.

Poverty:
•The poverty rate of Glendale women has decreased from 17% in 2014 to 14% in 2021, but it is still higher than the poverty rate for men (12% in 2021). From 2017-2021, 17% of white (including Armenian) women, 26% of Latinas, 11% of African American and 5% of Asian American women live on income below the Federal Poverty Level (FPL).
•Of Glendale’s females who live in poverty, 1 in 4 (26%) are children under the age of 18 years and 1 in 4 (24%) are women over the age of 65 years. •Fifteen percent of family households headed by single women live in poverty; in these households where women are single mothers caring for children under the age of 18 years, 1in 4 (23%) lives in poverty.

Health:
•The life expectancy from birth of Glendale women and men was calculated from 2016 data to be 83.7 years. While we do not yet know the impact of COVID-19 on life expectancy at the local level, the 2020 life expectancy of Californians was 1.9 years less than it was in 2019 (80.9 years and 79.0 years, respectively).
•Some positive health indicators for Glendale women: the percentage of uninsured women has decreased from 14% in 2014 to 7% in 2021; roughly 3 out of 4 women have been vaccinated for pneumonia and influenza; and a greater percentage of Glendale adults meet the physical activity guidelines in 2018 than in 2015 (37% and 35%, respectively).

Safety:
•Glendale has a relatively low crime rate, especially when compared to the city of Los Angeles (1 crime/100,000 population compared to 7 crimes/100,000 population). The majority of violent crimes are classified as aggravated assault.
•Glendale women report less physical domestic violence inflicted by an intimate partner than women in Los Angeles County (10% and 16%, respectively). However, sexual violence in Glendale does not seem to be decreasing. While there were fewer rapes reported in 2021 than in 2019 (15 and 17, respectively), monthly crime reports in 2022 suggest the number of rapes in 2022 will outnumber those in 2021.

Leadership:
•The number of Glendale women owning an incorporated business has increased by 33% from 2016 to 2021; in 2021, 1,885 Glendale women were self-employed in their own businesses.
52 of 129

52 4
5 8
9 •Glendale has elected women to represent them in the State Assembly and on the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Two of the five Glendale City Council members and the City Clerk are women. Women currently hold 3 out of 7 City positions and 4 out of the 5 elected positions on the Glendale Unified School District school board as well as on the Glendale Community College board.
•Glendale’s City Council has appointed women volunteers to 42% of the seats on the City’s Boards and Commissions. No women serve on the Audit Committee or the Civil Service Commission; no men serve on the Arts and Culture Commission or the Commission on the Status of Women.

Since women comprise 51% of the City’s population, they are underrepresented on the City of Glendale’s Boards and Commissions.

Some of the significant findings in the Addendum are:

Armenian Women comprise 60% of “white women”, with a median age of 47. Armenian women have opportunity gaps in educational attainment and employment. They are also less economically secure than women as a whole in the City of Glendale.

The executive summary of the report will be translated to Spanish, Tagalog and Korean.

The entire report and the addendum will be translated into Armenian.

STAKEHOLDERS/OUTREACH
The report and the addendum were sent to all of CSW’s community partners prior to approval by the Commission. The Commission plans to organize community forums where the results of the report will be shared and discussed with community organizations and the public.

FISCAL IMPACT
There is no fiscal impact associated with the presentation of this report. The report and the translations have been fully funded by a $25,000 Grant from the California Commission on the Status of Women and Girls.

ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW (CEQA/NEPA)
This matter is not a “project” for purposes of CEQA as there is no reasonably possibility it will have a significant effect on the environment.

CAMPAIGN DISCLOSURE
This item is exempt from campaign disclosure requirements.

ALTERNATIVES
Alternative 1. City Council may note and file the report as presented.

Alternative 2. City Council may provide general feedback on the report. 53 of 129

62 4
5 8
9 Alternative 3. City Council may not approve the report.

Alternative 4. City Council may consider any other alternatives not proposed by staff.

ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION
Prepared by:

Renia Shahnazarian, Administrative Associate
Approved by:

Roubik R. Golanian, P.E., City Manager

EXHIBITS/ATTACHMENTS
Exhibit 1: 2022-2023 City of Glendale Commission on the Status of Women: Report on the Status of Women and Girls
Exhibit 2: Glendale’s Armenian Women Addendum
Exhibit 3: MSMU Presentation Slide Deck
54 of 129

M O T I O N
Moved by Council Member ________________________________, seconded by Council Member ___________________________________, that the Council hereby notes and files the 2022-23 Report on the Status of Women and Girls in Glendale as set forth in the Report to Council dated September 19, 2023.

Vote as follows:

Ayes:

Noes:

Abstain:

Absent:
55 of 129

20222023
MSMU.EDU
Glendale Commission on the Status of Women
Prepared by Mount Saint Mary’s University
report
on the
status of
women
and girls

CITY OF GLENDALE
56 of 129

57 of 129

2 A Message from the Commission

The Glendale Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) created its first Report on the Status of Women in 2004-2006; and followed a decade later by its 2015-2016 Report on the Status of Women and Girls. Both reports presented research on key issues affecting women and girls in the City and brought much-needed attention to issues such as domestic violence, the impact of education, and the disparity in pay between men and women.

The Glendale CSW has commissioned a new report for 2022-2023. The new Report on the Status of Women and Girls, prepared in collaboration with Mount Saint Mary's University, assesses and compiles the latest data and trends making an impact on the lives of more than 98,000 women and girls who make up 51% of Glendale's population.

The new report provides a snapshot of the City through the lens of Glendale's women and girls across seven key areas: Demographics, Education, Employment and Earnings, Poverty, Health, Safety, and Leadership. The following pages also include comparisons to findings in the 2015- 2016 study, charting progress made and highlighting persistent gender gaps that remain, as well as the effects of the COVID-19 global pandemic.

The Glendale CSW is inspired by a vision of a City where the fully realized potential of all women and girls enriches the entire community; where all women and girls have equal rights, opportunities and choices exercised freely, comfortably and safely; where all women and girls have a strong voice and equal participation in the affairs of the community; and where diversity is celebrated.

It is our hope that this report will reveal the areas where we are closest to realizing this vision -- and help focus our attention on the areas where work still needs to be done.

This report was funded by a grant from the California Commission on the Status of Women.

City of Glendale Commission on the Status of Women

58 of 129

3 Contents
Introduction and Limitations of the Data 6
Executive Summary 8
Demographics 11
• Population
• Veteran status
• Racial/ethnic distribution
o Glendale’s Armenian American community
• Sexual orientation/gender identity
• Age
• Households
• Relationship status
• Language spoken at home
Education 16
• K-12 students
o Enrollment
o Armenian American pupils enrolled in K-12
o High school graduation rates
• Educational attainment
Employment and Earnings 19
• Employment
• Earnings
• Occupations
Poverty 23
• Measuring poverty
• Poverty status
• Poverty and age
• Poverty and families
• Homelessness
o Impact of COVD-19
Health 27
• Life expectancy
• Leading causes of death
o Impact of COVID-19
o Premature death of women
• Infant and maternal health
• Chronic conditions and COVID-19
• Impact of COVID-19
59 of 129

4 • Mental wellbeing
• Behaviors that impact health
o Access to and utilization of medical care
o Preventive care: Screenings and vaccinations
o Healthy habits: Nutrition and physical activity
Safety 39
• Neighborhood safety
• Crime in Glendale
• Domestic violence (DV)/Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) • Sexual violence
• Human trafficking
Leadership 43
• Distribution of Glendale residents by type of employer o City of Glendale workforce demographics
• Women-owned businesses (WOBs)
• Not-for-profit organizations
• Political participation of women
o State/County representation
o Local government
• City Council
• City of Glendale Boards and commissions
• Elected school boards
Editor’s Note 47

List of Tables
Demographics
• Race and Ethnicity of Women in Glendale and Los Angeles County • The Armenian American Community in Los Angeles County • Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
• Median Ages (in Years)
• Select Characteristics of Glendale Households by Percentage of Total Households • Percentage of Glendale’s Residents and Languages Spoken at Home Education
Table 1 Percentage Distribution of Girls in K-12 Public Schools by Race/Ethnicity: 2021-2022 Table 2 High School Graduation Rates: 2020-2021
Table 3 Educational Attainment of Women, 25 Years and Older Table 4 Educational Attainment of Glendale Women by Race/Ethnicity: 2021 Employment and Earnings
Table 5 Annual Unemployment Rates for Women: 2012-2021 Table 6 Monthly Unemployment Rates for Glendale Women and Men (Not Seasonally Adjusted) 60 of 129

5 Table 7 Median Earnings and the Gender Earning Gap for Full-Time Workers Table 8 Median Earnings of Full-Time Working Glendale Women by Race/Ethnicity and the Gender Earning Gap: 2021
Table 9 Percentage of Glendale Full-Time Working Women and Men in Each Occupational Cluster and Median Earnings: 2021
Table 10 Highest Paying Occupations for Glendale Women in Management, Business, Sciences and Arts: 2021
Table 11 Occupations Predominantly Held by Glendale Women Poverty
Table 12 Poverty Rates: 2021
Table 13 Percentage of Glendale Women and Girls by Race/Hispanic Ethnicity Who Live in Poverty: 2010-2014 and 2017-2021
Table 14 Percentage of Glendale Families Living in Poverty: 2021 Table 15 City of Glendale Homeless Counts: 2015-2022
Table 16 Racial/Ethnic Distribution of Glendale’s Homeless Population: 2022 Health
Table 17 Mortality Rates for Leading Causes of Death in Los Angeles County and the San Fernando SPA 2: 2010-2019
Table 18 Mortality Rates for Los Angeles County Women from Leading Causes of Death by Race and Ethnicity: 2019
Table 19 Premature Death Rate (in Potential Years of Life Lost): Los Angeles County Women Table 20 Mortality Rates from Breast Cancer of Los Angeles County Women by Race/Ethnicity:
2019
Table 21 Prevalence of Breast Feeding in Glendale Hospitals: 2020 Table 22 California Infant and Pregnancy-Related Mortality Rates by Race/Ethnicity of Mother Table 23 Percentage of Adult Women and Men with a Common Chronic Condition 2020-21 Table 24 Percentage of Adults Likely to have had a Serious Psychological Episode in the Past 12 Months: 2019 and 2021
Table 25 Percentage of Glendale Non-Institutionalized Civilian Population who are Uninsured Table 26 Percentage of Women Who Reported Having a Mammogram and a Pap Test: 2018 Table 27 Percentage of Women and Men Who Reported Having Received a Pneumonia or Influenza Shot: 2018
Table 28 Physical Activity and Nutrition Patterns of Glendale Adults Safety
Table 29 Types of Crimes in Glendale and Los Angeles City: 2019 Table 30 Percentage of Adults Who Experienced Domestic Violence by an Intimate Partner: 2018 Table 31 Number of Domestic/Intimate Partner Violence Reports in Glendale: 2019-2022 Table 32 Characteristics of Human Trafficking Cases Logged in California: 2021 Leadership
Table 33 Percentage of Glendale’s Working Residents by Type of Employer Table 34 Gender Diversity on Glendale’s Volunteer Commissions and Boards 61 of 129

6 Introduction and Limitations of the Data

The 2022-2023 Report on the Status of Women and Girls in Glendale is based on reliable statistics gathered primarily by surveys of large sample sizes. The most frequently cited data source is the annual American Community Survey (ACS) program of the U.S. Census Bureau. One of the significant limitations of the published ACS data tables is the classification of race and ethnicity. The ACS data are reported into 5 single-race groups plus a multiracial group. The Latinx population is the only ethnic group reported separately, along with the number of white individuals excluding those of Hispanic origin.

This report, based on a statistical interpretation of data, generally limits racial/ethnic categories to four groups which account for 96% of Glendale’s population. Single race categories include African American, Asian American, and white (including all ethnic groups except Latinx).1 The fourth group in this Report includes people of any race who identify a Hispanic/Latinx ancestry.

The U.S. Census Bureau collects information on ancestry and every five years publishes a set of Selected Population Detailed Tables. Statistical data on the Armenian population are available through these tables, but the most recent data at the time of preparing this report was for 2011-2015.2 Since the Armenian community comprises the dominant ethnic community in Glendale, the lack of recent Census data relevant to this group limits the understanding of the status of Glendale women in terms of race/ethnicity. The data on Armenian women was released after the completion of this report. To account for this gap in the research, we have incorporated that data into a separate report. Roughly 1 in 3 Glendale residents identifies as having Armenian ancestry. (Just under 1 in 5 Glendale residents identifies as having a Hispanic origin.) Because Armenians and other Middle Eastern and North African populations are not currently a racial or ethnic category in U.S. Census Surveys, these populations are classified as white and are included in data about white people. Please keep this in mind as you read Report information relative to white women: the figures are heavily influenced by the Armenian population but are not specific to any one ethnic group. Unfortunately, the data as currently collected do not allow a disaggregation of Armenian women which would illuminate their status.

Additional limitations found in all survey data-driven reports include the following. • Survey data and sample size. Where survey data are used, responses are generally from the perspective of the respondent and there is no validation of the accuracy of the response.

However, one of the most important limitations of survey data in large studies is sample size— and whether the respondents from the sample are representative of the population as a whole.

For this reason, most survey results are reported with a margin of error that gives a range of values that probably contains the correct value. For simplicity, this Report does not give the margin of error and often uses rounded values; the margin of error can be found in the

1 Glendale’s populations of those native to the U.S. and its territories (American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander) are so small that statistical data are generally suppressed or have such large sample errors as to be unreliable.
2 The release date of updated Selected Population Detailed Tables (Armenian) is not available on the U.S. Census Bureau website.
62 of 129

7 reference sources cited. The margin of error can be minimized by using larger samples as, for example, by pooling data from several years.
• Use of multiple-year data. The margin of error in statistical results can be decreased by using larger sample sizes. For example, the U.S. Census Bureau publishes 5-year data tables which have the advantage of smaller margins of error and smooth out anomalies that may arise in single-year counts. In this Report, where trends are noted, non-overlapping 5-year data summaries are used.
• Geographical limitations of the data. While the American Community Survey allows parsing of data specific to Glendale, other databases are collated on a more regional or county-wide population. In this report where data are not specific to Glendale, regional data or data for the county as a whole is included for context. In particular, the Report cites data from the following:
o The Service Planning Area (SPA) level used by the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. Glendale is in the San Fernando Service Planning Area 2; the city makes up 22% of the population of SPA 2.
o Comparison data at the county level. Glendale is a part of Los Angeles County and comprises about 2% of the county’s population. However, Glendale’s population is distinct from that of the county as a whole—both racially because of its higher proportion of white women and ethnically because of its prominent Armenian American community—so this information is generally added for context only.
o Maternal health information is available at the regional level for the tri-county area of Los Angeles, Ventura, and Santa Barbara counties. Hospital statistics for Glendale are included where relevant and publicly available.
• Most recent data available. In general, the larger the database, the more time needed to compile and validate the data. The largest database referenced in this Report is the U.S. Census American Community Survey (ACS). In Fall 2022 when this Report was being prepared, the most recent data available were for 2021, released in mid-September of 2022. The most recent 5- year estimates were for 2020, an average of 2016-2020 survey data. Smaller county health surveys are not generally carried out annually but are on a multi-year cycle; the most recent results available from the Los Angeles County Health Survey are from the 2018 survey. The California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) is carried out annually. • The impact of disruptive events. Survey or recorded data are snapshots taken at a particular point in time when the data are collected. Disruptive events at the respondents’ level or global level will influence responses. In 2020, a major modern disruptive event occurred when the COVID-19 global pandemic was declared. As a result, the U.S. Census Bureau was not able to collect reliable data on all traditional topics in 2020. In lieu of the traditional data collected by the ACS, the U.S. Census ACS program rapidly developed and carried out assessments at the national and state levels through a biweekly series of “pulse” surveys. The immediate impact of the pandemic might be seen by comparing pre-pandemic data of 2019 to data from 2021.

Despite the limitations inherent in the data presented in this Report, trends in data over the past 5-10 years impacting women and girls of Glendale can be seen, as well as data which suggest societal and economic norms are in transition. Particularly in these areas of transition it will be important to monitor 63 of 129

8 the impact of emerging trends on gender, race, and ethnicity. It is important that data-driven decisions guide the development and implementation of policies which will promote and sustain progress in equity. All of Glendale’s residents will benefit in a society which values all community partners.

Please see the Editor’s Note for a definition of terms used in this Report.

Executive Summary
The 2022-2023 Report on the Status of Women and Girls in Glendale is an update of a similar report published in 2015-2016 which generally referenced 2014 data. In these rapidly changing times, and especially with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic beginning in 2020, the Commission recognizes the importance of a more current understanding of women in the community and the challenges they are facing.

This Report draws from published databases to inform the issues from a woman’s perspective. It relies heavily on the American Community Survey (ACS) carried out annually by the U.S. Census Bureau for demographic data, several California health surveys for health information, and law enforcement agencies for safety information, among other sources. Please see the Introduction to the Report on page 6 to better understand the limitations of the data presented.

Significant findings of the 2022-2023 Report on the Status of Women and Girls in Glendale include the following.

Demographics
• The largest ethnic group in Glendale is Armenian American; just over one-third of Glendale’s population identifies as having Armenian ancestry. Over the past decade the percentage of Armenians in Glendale has varied from 34% (2006 -2010) to 37% (2011- 2015); over the period 2017-2021, an average of 35% of Glendale residents reported an Armenian ancestry. • The City of Glendale’s Latina population has increased from 19% in 2014 to 21% in 2021. At the same time, the proportion of women who identify as “white” (including all ethnicities except those of Hispanic origin) has decreased from 61% in 2014 to 57% in 2021. 3 The proportion of Asian American women has remained constant at about 16%. The African American population remains too small to be given statistically meaningful information on a one-year count, but over a 5-year period (2016-2020), African American women have comprised 2% of Glendale’s women. • The median age of Glendale’s women is decreasing. The median age in 2014 was 43.5 years and in 2021 that has dropped to 41 years.

3 The U.S. Census Bureau gathers limited data specifically related to Armenian and other Middle Eastern populations. While individuals with ancestries (e.g., Armenian) may identify with any race, many are included as white. Unfortunately, data specifically for Armenians and ethnic groups (other than Hispanic) are not currently disaggregated in many databases used in this Report.
64 of 129

9 • In 2021, 29% of Glendale households are headed by women; this is down from 33% in 2014. These households tend to have higher rates of poverty, especially where children are in the home.

Education
• In 2021-2022, 45% of students enrolled in Glendale Unified School District (GUSD) grades K- 12 identified as Armenian. The largest language group among English Learners was Armenian, comprising 13% of all GUSD students; this proportion is about the same as in 2013-2014. • While the Latina population of Glendale is increasing, the proportion of Latinas in Glendale’s public schools appears to be decreasing. In 2013-14, 54% of girls enrolled in Glendale Unified School District (GUSD) were classified as white, including Armenians; 24% identified as Latina.

In 2021 -2022, 58% of those enrolled were classified as white (which generally includes Armenian students) and 20% are Latina. One percent of enrolled girls is African American; 15% are Asian American or Filipina.
• Glendale women are attaining a higher level of education today than earlier in the decade. In 2014, 39% of women aged 25 years and over had a minimum of a 4 -year college degree; in 2021 that has risen to 50% of women. At the same time, the proportion of women with less than a high school diploma has dropped from 15% in 2014 to 10% in 2021. • Glendale women also have attained a higher level of education than women in the county; in 2021, 50% of Glendale women held a bachelor’s degree or higher compared to 36% of Los Angeles County women.

Employment and Earnings
• The unemployment rate of Glendale women decreased from 2014 when it was 8.9% to 2019 when it had dropped to 5.4%. After a bumpy year in 2020, when unemployment rates of women and men reached as high as 18%, the 2021 annual unemployment rate of women and men had dropped back to 8.4%. Unemployment rates in 2022 have continued to decrease so that by December 2022, the unemployment rate was at just over 4%. • Women’s earnings have continued to rise . Median earnings of full- time working Glendale women increased 36% from $45,234 in 2014 to $61,404 in 2021. In 2021, the median earnings of women in Los Angeles County were $52,495.
• The gender earning gap between Glendale women and men is less than that across the county and the state. In 2021, full-time working Glendale women earned 94% of what men earned; this is compared to Los Angeles County where women earned 90% of what men earned.

Poverty
• The poverty rate of Glendale women has decreased from 17% in 2014 to 14% in 2021, but it is still higher than the poverty rate for men (12% in 2021). From 2017-2021, 17% of white (including Armenian) women , 26% of Latinas, 11% of African American and 5% o f Asian American women live on income below the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). • Of Glendale’s females who live in poverty, 1 in 4 (26%) are children under the age of 18 years and 1 in 4 (24%) are women over the age of 65 years.
65 of 129

10 • Fifteen percent of family households headed by single women live in poverty; in these households where women are single mothers caring for children under the age of 18 years, 1 in 4 (23%) lives in poverty.

Health
• The life expectancy from birth of Glendale women and men was calculated from 2016 data to be 83.7 years. While we do not yet know the impact of COVID -19 on life expectancy at the local level, the 2020 life expectancy of Californians was 1.9 years less than it was in 2019 (80.9 years and 79.0 years, respectively).
• The two leading causes of death of women and men in the San Fernando Service Planning Area (SPA 2) in 2019 were coronary heart disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Death rates from heart disease had decreased by 25% from 2010; during this same time period, the death rate for Alzheimer’s disease, a disease that disproportionately affects women, had increased by 64%. In 2020, COVID-19 replaced Alzheimer’s disease as the second leading cause of death in Los Angeles County.
• The pregnancy-related death rate of California mothers appears to be increasing. In 2018- 2020, the pregnancy -related death rate of mothers in the Los Angeles, Ventura and Santa Barbara county region was 16.8 deaths of mothers (per 100,000 live births), up from 14.1 in 2015-2017. While these data are not specific to Glendale women, increasing mortality rates and racial inequity are of concern. In California, African American infants die at more than twice the rate of white infants and African American mothers die at nearly 4 times the rate of white mothers from pregnancy -related causes within one year of birth or the end of pregnancy.
• Some positive health indicators for Glendale women: the percentage of uninsured women has decreased from 14% in 2014 to 7% in 2021; roughly 3 out of 4 women have been vaccinated for pneumonia and influenza; and a greater percentage of Glendale adults meet the physical activity guidelines in 2018 than in 2015 (37% and 35%, respectively).

Safety
• Glendale has a relatively low crime rate, especially when compared to the city of Los Angeles (1 crime/100,000 population compared to 7 crimes/100,000 population). The majority o f violent crimes are classified as aggravated assault.
• Glendale women report less physical domestic violence inflicted by an intimate partner than women in Los Angeles County (10% and 16%, respectively). • However, sexual violence in Glendale does not seem t o be decreasing. While there were fewer rapes reported in 2021 than in 2019 (15 and 17, respectively), monthly crime reports in 2022 suggest the number of rapes in 2022 will outnumber those in 2021.

Leadership
• The number of Glendale women owning an incorporated business has increased by 33% from 2016 to 2021; in 2021, 1,885 Glendale women were self-employed in their own businesses. 66 of 129

11 • Glendale has elected women to represent them in the State Assembly and on the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. Two of the five Glendale City Council members and the City Clerk are women. Women currently hold 3 out of 7 City positions and 4 out of the 5 elected positions on the Glendale Unified School District school board as well as on the Glendale Community College board.
• Glendale’s City Council has appointed women volunteers to 42% of the seats on the City’s Boards and Commissions. No women serve on the Audit Committee or the Civil Service Commission; no me n serve on the Arts and Culture Commission or the Commission on the Status of Women. Since women comprise 51 % of the City’s population, they are under - represented on the City of Glendale’s Boards and Commissions.

Demographics
Population
The population of Glendale is estimated to be 192,376, comprising 2% of the population of L.A. County.

Fifty-one percent of Glendale’s residents are female.4

Veteran status
There are nearly 2500 military veterans living in Glendale; they comprise about 2% of the population.

There are about 40 women (2% of the veteran population) who have served in the military.5

Racial/ethnic distribution
The majority of Glendale’s residents are categorized as white (including all ethnicities such as Armenian but excluding Hispanic), while L.A. County is nearly half (49%) Latinx. The racial/ethnic distribution of women reflects the difference between Glendale and L.A. County.6

Race and Ethnicity of Women in Glendale and Los Angeles County Glendale, 2016-20207 Glendale, 2021 L.A. County, 2021
African American 2% N/A* 8%
Asian American 15% 16% 16%
Latina 19% 21% 49%
White 61% 57% 24%
Other 4% 6% 4%
*Note: The white population includes all survey respondents classified as white, excluding persons who also identify as having a Hispanic origin. Roughly one-third of Glendale women (and men) identify as

4 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table B01001: Sex by Age. http://data.census.gov
5 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table S2101: Veteran Status. http://data.census.gov
6 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Tables B01001, B01001D, H, I: Sex by Age. http://data.census.gov
7 U.S. Census Bureau. 2020 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. Tables B01001, B01001B, D, H, I: Sex by Age. http://data.census.gov
67 of 129

12 having an Armenian heritage. Glendale’s African American population is too small to be statistically stable in a one-year count. A 5-year pool of data (2016-2020) provides a more reliable estimate of the racial/ethnic distribution of women.

Since 2014, Glendale’s population of Latinas has increased from 19% to 21%. Over this same time frame there has been a decrease in the proportion of women who are identified as “white” from 61% in 2014 to 57% in 2021. The count of African American women remains too small to be statistically reliable in one-year estimates.8
Glendale’s Armenian American Community9
The Armenian American community in the United States is an important and distinct cultural component of the population that is categorized as white by the U.S. Census Bureau. Glendale is home to the second-largest Armenian population in the country, trailing only the much larger city of Los Angeles.10
The Armenian American Community in Los Angeles County11 Glendale Los Angeles City L.A. County
Population
(Armenian)
% Total
population
Population
(Armenian)
% Total
population
Population
(Armenian)
% Total
population

2006-2010 65,434 34% 73,256 2% 179,279 2%
2011-2015 72,470 37% 82,074 2% 196,075 2%
2016-2020 69,660 35% 81,311 2% 188,805 2%
Note: These data are based on a data pool of five consecutive years; they are not disaggregated by gender.

While more Armenian Americans live in the City of Los Angeles than in Glendale, they comprise only 2% of the population in the City of Los Angeles. Just over 1 in 3 Glendale residents (35%) identified as having Armenian ancestry over the 5-year period from 2016 to 2020.12

8 U.S. Census 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table B01001 and Tables B01001D, H, I: Sex by Age. http://data.census.gov
9 Note: There are relatively little data on Glendale’s Armenian American Community through the U.S. Census Bureau, and none that provide a disaggregated look at gender. 10 World Atlas: U.S. States with the Largest Populations of Armenian Americans. Retrieved November 2022. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/states-with-the-largest-populations-of-armenian-americans.html 11 U.S. Census Bureau. 2010, 2015, and 2020 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. Table B04006: People Reporting Ancestry. http://data.census.gov
12 U.S. Census Bureau. 2020 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. Table: B04006: People Reporting Ancestry. http://data.census.gov
68 of 129

13 Sexual Orientation/Gender Identity13
2015 2018 2021
Heterosexual 96% 91% 92%
Gay/Lesbian 2%* 3%* 3%
Bisexual 1%* 6%* 4%
Asexual or other 1%* 0.3%* 2%*
Cisgender 100%* 99%* 99%*
Transgender 0.6%* 1%*
Note: These data are responses from women and men 18 years and over to the San Fernando Valley Service Planning Area (SPA 2) California Health Interview Survey. Due to small sample sizes, entries marked with an asterisk are statistically unstable and caution should be used in interpretating the data.

A blank column indicates suppressed results due to small sample size.

A very slow increase in diversity of sexual orientation appears to be in progress; the proportion of transgender population is still around 1% or less.

Age
In general, the median age of women tends to be older than the median age of men. In Glendale, the median age for women is 41 years compared to 38 years for men. As a group, women within the “white” category (including Armenian and Middle Eastern/North African women but excluding Latinas) have a median age of 44 years, while Latinas represent the youngest group with a median age of 33 years.14

Median Ages (in Years)
Glendale L.A. County California
Men 38 37 37
Women 41 39 39
African American Women 40 41 39
Asian American Women 39 45 42
Latina 33 34 31
White Women (all ethnicities, excluding Hispanic) 44 46 48 Note: Median ages have been rounded.

The older population of Glendale is primarily female. Girls comprise 47% of Glendale’s children 0-17 years, while women comprise 59% of the senior population 75 years and older (and 65% of those 85 years and older).15

13 2015-2021 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). Subject Areas: Demographic/Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity. UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. The Fielding School of Public Health. https://ask.chis.ucla.edu
14 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Tables B01002, B01002B, D, H, I:

Median Age. http://data.census.gov
15 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table B01001: Sex by Age. http://data.census.gov
69 of 129

14 Households
In 2021, there were an estimated 70,831 households in Glendale, of which 36% are owner-occupied and 64% are rental units. One in three (32%) are nonfamily households16—a householder living alone or with non-partners only—while 68% are occupied by families with an average size of 3 persons.17

Select Characteristics of Glendale Households by Percentage of Total Households 2021 2014
Total households 70,831 72,163
Nonfamily households 22,692 (32%) 21,402 (30%)
• Women Households
* Living Alone
12,157
*10,051
13,325
*11,426
• Men Households
* Living Alone
10,535
*6,966
8,077
*5,987
Family households 48,139 (68%) 50,761 (70%)
• Married couple households • 35,661 • 35,644
• Female-headed households (no
spouse present)
• 8,186 • 10,680
• Male-headed households (no
spouse present)
• 4,292 • 4,437
Note: Women/men living alone is a subset of women/men nonfamily households. Percentages are based on total households.

Relative to 2014, the proportion of nonfamily households in 2021 has grown and the proportion of family households has diminished from 70% to 68%. The number of households headed by single women continues to outnumber households headed by single men by nearly two to one. The percentage of households headed by unmarried partners has grown from 4% in 2014 to 6% in 2021.18 Glendale’s homes sheltered a population of just over 190,000 in 2021.19 Of this population, there are • 54,000 children under the age of 18 years,
• 10,100 women who live alone,
• 7,000 men who live alone, and
• 730 women and men who are in same-sex relationships, either as married or unmarried couples.

16U.S. Census Bureau. 2014 and 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table B11010: Nonfamily Households by Sex of Householder by Living Alone by Age of Householder. http://data.census.gov 17 U.S. Census Bureau. 2014 and 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table S1101: Households and Families. http://data.census.gov
18 U.S. Census Bureau. 2014 and 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table DP02: Selected Social Characteristics in the United States. http://data.census.gov 19 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table B09019: Household Type (Including Living Alone) by Relationship. http://data.census.gov 70 of 129

15 Relationship status
A greater percentage of Glendale’s women today are single than in the year 2000; and a smaller percentage are married than at the turn of the century. In 2021, among women 15 years and older:
• 33% have never been married,
• 48% are married, and
• 19% are single women who are either widowed or divorced.20 These figures are not significantly different from those reported in the 2015-2016 City of Glendale Report on the Status of Women and Girls.21

Language spoken at home
Over half (53%) of Glendale residents have immigrated to the City from another country, while just over 1 in 3 (35%) of County residents are immigrants. Roughly one in three Glendale residents (34%) speak only English. While a wide range of languages is spoken in homes across Glendale and the county, Glendale’s population is culturally very distinct from that of the county.22

Percentage of Glendale’s Residents and Languages Spoken at Home Glendale Los Angeles County
English only 34% 45%
Spanish 14% 38%
Indo-European (other than Spanish)
• Armenian23
40%
37%*
6%
2%
Asian and Pacific Island languages 10% 10%
Other languages 2% 1%
Note: The Indo-European languages represent over 400 different languages, including Armenian, which is widely spoken in the Armenian diaspora. The data for Armenian spoken in Glendale homes (marked by an asterisk) is from a summary of 2011-2015 data.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates

Aside from English, one of the Indo-European languages other than Spanish is spoken in 40% of Glendale homes; Armenian is the major language other than English and appears to be spoken in about 37% of Glendale homes.24 Over half (59%) of those speaking Armenian in their homes rate themselves as

20 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table B12001: Sex by marital status for the population 15 years and over. http://data.census.gov 21 2015-2016 Report on the Status of Women and Girls: City of Glendale. Glendale Commission on the Status of Women and Mount Saint Mary’s University.
https://www.glendaleca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/37541/636324614239470000 22 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table C16005: Nativity by language spoken at home by ability to speak English for the population five years and over. http://data.census.gov 23 U.S. Census Bureau. 2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (for Glendale); 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (for Los Angeles County). Table B16001: Language Spoken at Home by Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over.
24 U.S. Census Bureau. 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. (This is the most recent information for Glendale in this data table) Table B16001: Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over. http://data.census.gov 71 of 129

16 speaking English “less than very well.” In the county as a whole, Spanish is the major language other than English spoken in homes.25
Education
K-12 students
Enrollment. The Glendale Unified School District (GUSD) is comprised of 21 elementary schools, five middle schools, and six high schools, as well as several sites for specialized programs.26 Enrollment in the Glendale Unified School District (GUSD) in 2021-2022 was 24,213 pupils, 48% of whom are girls. In 2014-15, just over 26,000 students were enrolled with 48% girls.27

The racial/ethnic profile of girls enrolled in Glendale’s public K-12 schools is significantly different from the county profile, where Latinas comprise nearly two-thirds of the population. In Glendale, 58% of girls enrolled in K-12 public schools are classified as white (including Armenian, but not Hispanic origin) and 20% are Latina of any race.28 Across Los Angeles County, 13% of girls are white and 66% are Latina.

Table 1. Percentage Distribution of Girls in K-12 Public Schools by Race/Ethnicity: 2021-22 GUSD L.A. County California
Number of girls in sample 11,669 648,973 2,864,033
African American 1% 7% 5%
Alaska Native/Native American 0.1% 0.2% 0.5%
Asian American, not Hispanic 11% 8% 9%
Filipina, not Hispanic 4% 2% 2%
Pacific Islander 0.1% 0.3% 0.4%
Latina 20% 66% 56%
White, not Hispanic 58% 13% 21%
Multiracial, not Hispanic 4% 3% 4%
Not reported 0.9% 1%
Source: California Department of Education.

Armenian American students enrolled in Glendale Unified School District (GUSD). In 2021-2022, 45% of all students enrolled in GUSD identified as Armenian: 45% of girls (5,212) and 45% of boys (5,696).29 The district has an Armenian dual immersion program which begins in elementary school with 50% of content taught in Armenian and which continues through high school with student electives in the

25 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table B16001: Languages Spoken at Home and Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over. http://data.census.gov 26 GUSD Schools, sites and specialized programs. http://www.gusd.net/Page/593 27 California Department of Education. K-12 Public School Enrollment, Glendale Unified: 2021-22 Enrollment by Ethnicity and Grade. http://dq.cde.ca.gov/
28 California Department of Education. K-12 Public School Enrollment, District enrollment by Gender, Grade and Ethnic designation for 2021-2022. http://dq.cde.ca.gov/ 29 Glendale Unified School District. (2016). GUSD District-at-a-Glance: Selected Demographics and Information.

Selected Demographics and Information. www.gusd.net/cms/lib 72 of 129

17 Armenian language; 871 students (489 girls and 382 boys) are enrolled.30 There is the opportunity for students to receive a Seal of Biliteracy in Armenian.

In 2021-2022, one in five (4,937) GUSD students were classified as English Learners (ELs); over half of EL students (62%) speak Armenian.31 In addition to EL students, there were another 3,798 Armenian students who tested as Fluent English Proficient (FEP). Collectively, Armenian EL and FEP students comprise 28% of GUSD enrollment. The next largest language group of EL and FEP students are Spanish speakers, comprising just over 9% of GUSD enrolled students.

Graduation rates. The four-year high school graduation rate of the nearly 2,000 girls and boys in the 2020-21 cohort of students in the Glendale Unified School District was 92%, compared with 82% of students in the County and 84% across the state.32
Table 2. High School Graduation Rates: 2020-21
GUSD L.A. County California
Number pupils in cohort 1,960 116,311 500,179
Graduation rate
• Girls
• Boys
92%
• 95%
• 89%
82%
• 86%
• 79%
84%
• 87%
• 80%
Source: California Department of Education
As is true in the county and statewide, the high school graduation rate for girls is greater than that for boys. In Glendale, the graduation rate of girls in the 2020-21 cohort was 95% while that for boys was 89%. Sixty percent of Glendale girls who graduated from high school in four years met admission requirements for the University of California and the California State University.

Educational attainment
Glendale women tend to be better educated than women in Los Angeles County as a whole—and better educated than California women. Focusing on women 25 years and older, only 10% of Glendale women have less than a high school degree, compared with 19% of women across the county.33

30 Glendale Unified School District website. www.gusd.net/page/1161 31 Ed Data (Education Data Partnership). An online tool selected for Glendale Unified (data set). www.ed- data.org/district/Los-Angeles/Glendale-Unified/
32 California Department of Education. 2020-21 Four-Year Adjusted Cohort Graduation Rate. Glendale Unified School District. http://dq.cde.ca.gov/
33 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table S1501: Educational Attainment. http://data.census.gov
73 of 129

18 Table 3. Educational Attainment of Women, 25 Years and Older Glendale L.A. County California
No high school diploma 10% 19% 15%
High school diploma 19% 20% 20%
Some college, no degree 13% 18% 20%
Associate degree 8% 8% 9%
Bachelor’s degree 32% 23% 23%
Graduate/professional degree 18% 13% 14%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates In 2021, 50% of Glendale women hold a minimum of a bachelor’s degree; in 2014, that figure was 39%.34 Educational attainment is not the same among women of different races/ethnicity.

Table 4. Educational Attainment of Glendale Women by Race/Ethnicity: 2021 Less than high
school
High school
diploma
Bachelor’s
degree
Graduate or
Professional degree
All women 10% 19% 32% 18%
African American N N N N
Asian American 2% 6% 51% 18%
Latina 20% 22% 25% 9%
White 10% 22% 27% 20%
Note: These percentages do not include those who have attained some college experience or an associate degree. Among white women (including Armenian women) are those of all ethnicities except Hispanic. “N” means that results for African American women at this level of detail are suppressed due to the small sample size. For the 2017-2021 five-year period, 95% of African American women and men 18 years and over held a high school degree or higher; 56% held a bachelor’s degree or higher.35 Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates

Glendale’s women tend to be better educated than the city’s men. Among Glendale adults 25 years and over who have attained a bachelor’s degree, 55% are women and 45% are men. Additionally, among those who hold a graduate or professional degree, 55% are women.36

34 U.S. Census Bureau. 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table S1501: Educational Attainment. http://data.census.gov
35 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. Table S1501: Educational Attainment. http://data.census.gov
36U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table S1501: Educational Attainment. http://data.census.gov
74 of 129

19 Employment and Earnings
Employment
More than two-thirds (69%) of Glendale’s 58,352 women between the ages of 20 and 64 years are employed. This is slightly higher than the 66% of women across the county and state who are employed.

Over half (58%) of Glendale’s mothers with children under the age of 6 years are employed.37

The 2021 unemployment rate of women in Glendale was 8.9%: this unemployment rate was higher than that for men (7.8%) and for women across the state (8.4%).38 Table 5. Annual Unemployment Rates for Women: 2012-202139 2012 2014 2019 2021
Glendale 9.0% 8.9% 5.4% 8.9%
L.A. County 11.0% 8.5% 4.8% 9.1%
California 10.7% 8.0% 4.8% 8.4%
Note: These unemployment figures are for women ages 20-64 years.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.

The unemployment rate had been trending downward from 2012 through 2019, but when the pandemic was declared in March 2020, unemployment quickly rose. A detailed look at Glendale’s employment rate for women and men from January 2019 through December 2022 illustrates the impact of COVID-19 on employment and suggests an encouraging trend as unemployment rates continue generally downward reaching pre-pandemic levels.

Table 6. Monthly Unemployment Rates for Glendale Women and Men (Not Seasonally Adjusted)40 January April September December
2019 4.7% 3.8% 4.0% 3.8%
2020 4.5% 17.8% 11.9% 10.0%
2021 10.4% 10.3% 8.0% 5.9%
2022 6.5% 4.5% 4.2% 4.2%
Source: California Employment Development Department

Earnings
A positive story is found in the earnings of Glendale’s women. In 2014, the rounded median earnings for full-time working Glendale women were just over $45,200; in 2021 median earnings are just over $61,000 representing a 36% increase from 2014 data. The 2021 earnings estimates for Glendale women

37 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table S2301: Employment Status. http://data.census.gov
38 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table S2301: Employment Status. http://data.census.gov
39 U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates for the years indicated. Table S2301:

Employment Status. http://data.census.gov
40 Unemployment Rates Historical Data. California Employment Development Department. Online data tool accessed at: https://labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/cgi/dataanalysis/areaselection.asp?tablename=labforce 75 of 129

20 are higher than those for women across L.A. County ($52,495) and higher than for women across the state ($57,373).41

Table 7. Median Earnings and the Gender-Earning Gap for Full-Time Workers Glendale L.A. County California
2021 Women Men Women Men Women Men
Median earnings $61,404 $65,633 $52,495 $58,588 $57,373 $65,324 Gender earnings gap
(full-time, year-round)
94% 90% 88%
Note: The gender wage gap is presented as a percentage of women’s earnings against men’s earnings.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.

The Gender Earning Gap: Across the county, state and nation, women tend to have smaller median earnings than men. This gender-based earning gap has generally been roughly constant or very slowly shrinking over recent years as women make equity gains in the workplace. Since 2015, for example, women in California have earned 86-88% of what men earn while across the nation women have earned 80-82% of what men earn. In 2021, Glendale full-time working women earn 94% of what men earn, meaning that for every $100 men earn, women earn $94 (based on median earnings).

Median earnings among women differ widely by race and ethnicity.42 Table 8. Median Earnings of Full-Time Working Glendale Women by Race/Ethnicity and the Gender Earning Gap: 2021
All Women African
American
Asian
American
Latina White
(all ethnicities
except Hispanic)
Median Earnings $61,404 $61,273 $69,829 $53,647 $61,608 Earnings relative
to all men
94% 93% 106% 82% 94%
Earnings relative
to white men
81% 81% 92% 71% 81%
Note: For this table, the median earnings of Glendale men who work full-time, year-round are $65,633; white men earn $75,634. Earnings for both white women and men (which include Armenian individuals) are significantly impacted by the Armenian population, although the precise effect is unmeasured.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates

White men as a group have traditionally been the highest earners among full-time workers. Relative to Glendale’s full-time working white men, Asian American women come closest to matching their earnings

41 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table B20017: Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2021 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) by Sex by Work Experience in the Past 12 Months for the Population 16 Years and Over with Earnings in the Past 12 Months. http://data.census.gov 42 U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Tables B20017B, D, H, I: Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2021 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) by Sex by Work Experience in the Past 12 Months for the Population 16 Years and Over with Earnings in the Past 12 Months. http://data.census.gov 76 of 129

21 with earnings 92% of white men. Latinas earn 71 cents for each dollar earned by white men (based on median earnings).

Occupations
Differences in earnings can partly be accounted for by the different occupations in which workers are engaged. The U.S. Census Bureau clusters occupations into five categories for tracking: occupations in management, business, sciences, and arts; service; sales and office; natural resources, construction, and maintenance; and production, transportation, and material moving.

Glendale women hold nearly half (48%) of the full-time jobs in management, business, sciences, and the arts; they hold more than half of service jobs (52%), and sales and office jobs (55%). The number of women working in natural resources, construction, and maintenance as well as in production, transportation, and material-moving jobs is significantly less than men (4% and 10% of jobs in these respective clusters are held by women).

Table 9. Percentage of Glendale Full-Time Working Women and Men in Each Occupational Cluster and Median Earnings: 2021
Percent Women
in Occupational
Cluster43
Median Earnings44
Women Women’s Earnings as
a Percent of Men
All occupations 44% $61,489 94%
Management, business, sciences, and
arts
48% $77,765 86%
Service 52% $27,184 87%
Sales and office 55% $56,378 116%
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance
4% - -

Production, transportation, and material
moving
10% $61,239 151%
Note: A dash means that the small sample size has led to suppression of the results. These figures are for full-time, year-round workers 16 years and over.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates

While there are many types of jobs within each occupational cluster, this table suggests that some of the highest paying occupations for women based on median earnings are in management, business, sciences, and arts. The six highest-paying types of jobs (in terms of median salaries) in this occupational

43 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table S2402: Occupation by sex for the full-time, year-round civilian employed population 16 years and over. http://data.census.gov 44 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table S2412: Occupation by Sex and Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2021 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) for the Full-Time, Year-Round Civilian Employed Population 16 Years and Over. http://data.census.gov 77 of 129

22 cluster include two types of occupations in which women comprise more than half the workforce: legal occupations and health diagnosing and treating practitioners.45 Table 10. Highest-Paying Occupations for Glendale Women in Management, Business, Sciences and Arts: 2021
Occupations Median salary of
women46
Percentage of
workforce that is
female
Legal occupations $153,777 56%
Life, physical, and social sciences $117,895 32%
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners $94,583 52% Architecture and engineering $84,953 8%
Management occupations $83,406 45%
Computer and mathematical $74,706 11%
Note: These figures are based on the 2021 single-year survey. Note that occupational clusters include a wide variety of jobs. For example, “legal occupations” include attorneys as well as clerical support workers. “Health diagnosing and treating practitioners” includes surgeons and physicians, as well as nurses; this category does not include health technologists, technicians or healthcare support.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.

Some of the higher-paying occupations are held predominantly by men: 92% of architecture and engineering jobs, 89% of computer and mathematical jobs, and 68% of jobs in the sciences are held by men.

There have been some dramatic changes in the representation of Glendale women in occupational fields in the past decade. For example, from 2014 to 2021 the representation of Glendale women has increased in:
• legal occupations from 39% to 56%, and
• management positions from 33% to 45%.

Over the same time period, the percentage of Glendale women has decreased in:
• health diagnosing and treating practitioners from 72% to 52%, to a more equitable representation of women and men in the field, and
• computer and mathematical occupations from 22% to 11%.

Additionally, in Glendale as across the county and state, some types of jobs remain stereotypically female with roughly 2/3 or more of the workforce comprised of women.

45U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table S2402: Occupation by sex for the full-time, year-round civilian employed population 16 years and over. http://data.census.gov 46U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table S2412: Occupation by Sex and Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2021 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) for the Full-Time, Year-Round Civilian Employed Population 16 Years and Over. http://data.census.gov

78 of 129

23 Table 11. Occupations Predominantly Held by Glendale Women Percentage of workforce
that is female47
Women’s median
salary48
Educational instruction and library jobs 80% $72,828
Community and social service jobs 66% $54,418
Office and administrative support 65% $55,801
Healthcare technologists and technicians 63% $40,992
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.

Poverty
Measuring poverty
In this report, we use the federal poverty level (FPL) as the “official” threshold by which to measure poverty. When incomes fall below this threshold, the individual or family unit is “living in poverty.” In 2021, the FPL for an individual is $13,788. For a family of four with two children under the age of 18 years, the FPL is defined as $27,479.49 Geographic location and any variation in the cost of living does not impact the FPL: the same threshold is used to determine poverty of an individual living in urban Glendale as for an individual living anywhere else in the United States.

Poverty status
Using the above metrics, 13% of Glendale’s residents live below the federal poverty level. As elsewhere, the poverty rate of Glendale women and girls is higher than that for men and boys.50

Table 12. Poverty Rates: 2021
Glendale L.A. County California United States
Women 14% 15% 13% 14%
Men 12% 13% 11% 12%
Overall 13% 14% 12% 13%
Note: Percentages have been rounded.

Source: U.S. Census 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.

47 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table S2402: Occupation by sex for the full-time, year-round civilian employed population 16 years and over. http://data.census.gov 48 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table S2412: Occupation by Sex and Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2021 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) for the Full-Time, Year-Round Civilian Employed Population 16 Years and Over. http://data.census.gov 49 U.S. Census Bureau. Historical Poverty Thresholds. (2022) http://census.gov/data/tables/time- series/demo/income-poverty/historical-poverty-thresholds.html 50 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table S1701: Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months. http://data.census.gov
79 of 129

24 Not all racial/ethnic groups are affected equally by poverty; in general, women of color are much more likely to live in poverty.51 A positive sign is that the one-year 2021 overall poverty rate of Glendale’s women and girls has decreased by three percentage points since 2014, although the one-year poverty rate of Latinas has increased by six percentage points (from 15% to 21%) over that time frame.

Table 13. Percentage of Glendale Women and Girls by Race/Hispanic Ethnicity Who Live in Poverty:

Five-Year Averages 2010-2014 and 2017-2021
Data year All
women
African
American
Asian
American
Latina White
2010-2014 15% 13% 9%* 16% 18%
2017-2021 15% 11% 5% 26% 17%
2017-2021, Los Angeles County 15% 25% 12% 18% 10%
Note: Five-year estimates of poverty were used in order to capture poverty rates of Glendale’s African American and Asian American women.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates

The five-year estimates of poverty indicate that poverty rates of women of all races have decreased except for Latinas which has increased by 10 percentage points. When disaggregated by race/Hispanic ethnicity, the five-year poverty rates of Glendale’s women classified as white (including Armenian and Middle Eastern/North African women) and of Latinas is higher than for women across Los Angeles County.

Poverty and age
Of Glendale’s nearly 14,000 women and girls who live in poverty:52 • 7% are under the age of 5 years;
• 26% are under the age of 18 years; and
• 24% are over the age of 65 years.

It should be noted that while the poverty rate in 2021 for Glendale women across all age groups is 14%, the poverty rate among women who are 75 years and older is 19%. One in five women over the age of 75 years (roughly 1,900 women) live on incomes below the Federal Poverty Level.

Poverty and families
Poverty is particularly difficult for families: 9% of all families in Glendale live below the federal poverty level. Among families with children, those headed by single women caring for their own or other related children are far more likely to live in poverty than married-couple families.53

51 U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 1- and 5-Year Estimates for the years listed. Multiple year pooling of data is necessary in order to statistically represent all of Glendale’s four major racial/ethnic groups.

Tables B17001, B17001B, D, H, I: Poverty status in the past 12 months, by Sex by Age. http://data.census.gov 52 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Percentages are derived from Table B17001: Poverty status in the past 12 months, by sex by age. http://data.census.gov 53 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table CP03: Comparative Economic Characteristics. http://data.census.gov
80 of 129

25 Table 14. Percentage of Glendale Families Living in Poverty: 2021 Glendale L.A. County California United States
Married-couple families
• With children under 18 years
8%
• 11%
7%
• 8%
5%
• 7%
5%
• 6%
Single women households
• With children under 18 years
15%
• 23%
20%
• 31%
21%
• 29%
24%
• 34%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.

Homelessness
Glendale participates in an annual homeless count, with the 2022 “point-in-time” count carried out on February 25, 2022.54 While a full count was not made in 2021 due to COVID-19, the lowest numbers of homeless individuals counted most recently were in 2017 and 2020 when there were just under 170 homeless persons in the city.55

Table 15. City of Glendale Homeless Counts: 2015-2022
2015 2018 2020 2022
Total count 208 260 169 225
Sheltered population 41% 40% 56% 54%
Source: City of Glendale.

Over three-quarters of the 2022 sheltered population (77%) identified as white (which may also include individuals with Armenian ancestry), 16% as Black, and 5% as Asian. Nearly half (49%) of the sheltered population identified as Latinx.

Of Glendale’s homeless individuals, 103 were unsheltered. Among the unsheltered population, 38% identified as white (which may include Armenian individuals), 11% as Black, 10% as Armenian, and 6% as Asian. One-third (32%) did not specify a race or ethnicity, and the remaining 5% identified either as multiracial or Native/Alaskan.56
Glendale has worked to provide shelter for its homeless residents, and now provides temporary or permanent housing for over half of those without a home. Note that Glendale’s 2022 homeless population increased by 33% from January 2020; in the interval between these counts, the COVID-19 pandemic was declared.

54 Note: The Point-in-Time Homeless Count is a requirement of the City’s participation in the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Continuum of Care (CoC) program in place throughout the nation to assess the nation’s homeless population and thus to inform its coordination and funding of services and care for this population. Such counts are carried out through the CoC’s across the County and State. 55 City of Glendale Homeless Count Archives. 2022 Homeless Count: Comprehensive Report contains cited data. www.glendaleca.gov/government/departments/community-services-parks/human-services/homeless- services/homeless-count-archive
56 Percentages are rounded and do not add to 100%.
81 of 129

26 Table 16. Racial/Ethnic Distribution of Glendale’s Homeless Population: 2022 Glendale’s homeless population57 Glendale’s population as a whole58 African American 15% 2%
Asian American 4% 15%
White 64% 60%
Multiple Races 1% 3%
Latinx 36% 20%
Other/No response 15% 0.6%
Note: Among the homeless population, those identifying with Latinx ethnicity could also identify with any race, therefore percentages in this column will not add to 100%. In the Census data for Glendale’s population as a whole, the percentage is for one race only; Latinx can be any race. Given racial choices of the Census survey, Armenians are generally categorized as white.

Source: City of Glendale and U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.

When compared with the City’s overall population, African Americans and Latinx women and men are vastly over-represented among the homeless.

Among Glendale’s 2022 homeless population, there were 180 adults over the age of 18 years. Eighty- seven (39%) of the homeless identified as female, 126 identified as male, and one person identified as transgender. Nearly 5% did not respond to this question.

Impact of COVID-19. Among the 33 unsheltered adults in Glendale who reported homelessness for the first time in 2021-2022, three major factors that contributed to their homelessness include:
• loss of employment, cited by 25% of unsheltered individuals; • unexpected illness, cited by 15%; and
• lack of affordable housing due to high rents and stagnating income, with 13% indicating they could not afford a rent increase.

While none of these factors is specifically tied to COVID-19 in the homeless survey, the pandemic negatively impacted each of these factors. As businesses shut down in 2020-2022 in an effort to control the outbreak of the virus, many individuals experienced a loss of employment and/or a reduction in work hours. And many people suffered from the disease itself. The lack of affordable housing is prevalent throughout much of Southern California, a problem made worse in 2020-2022 as incomes were reduced.

In the 2022 Glendale Community Health Needs Assessment, a partnership between Dignity Health and Adventist Health, focus groups were used to gather community input to help prioritize community

57 City of Glendale Homeless Count Archives. 2022 Glendale Homeless Count: Comprehensive Report. www.glendaleca.gov/government/departments/community-services-parks/human-services/homeless- services/homeless-count-archive
58 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table DP05: ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates. http://data.census.gov
82 of 129

27 needs. It is notable that affordable housing in the city ranked among the top five concerns by all focus groups; in the Armenian Society focus group, it was prioritized as number 1.59 The reasons an individual may become homeless are complex, but some common circumstances contributing to homelessness have emerged over the years. In 2022, among Glendale’s 180 homeless adults, 19% identified serious mental issues and 3% identified substance use disorders. Among Glendale’s 2022 homeless adults, 11% identified as survivors of domestic violence. While the gender of the respondents citing these issues is not reported, domestic violence is known to disproportionately impact women and girls. (See the Chapter on Safety for further discussion of domestic violence and its impact on women.)
Health
Life expectancy
Over the past decade, the life expectancy of Los Angeles County residents increased, reaching 82.4 years (from birth) in 2019. Women in the county had a life expectancy of 85.2 years, compared to 79.6 years for men.60 Residents of the San Fernando Service Planning Area (SPA 2),61 which includes the City of Glendale, had a life expectancy at birth of 83 years. The life expectancy of Glendale’s residents was calculated from 2016 data to be 83.7 years.62

We have yet to understand the impact of COVID-19 on life expectancy at local levels, but nationwide COVID-19 decreased life expectancy of women and men by an average of 1.8 years. In California, the life expectancy of women and men decreased 1.9 years—from 80.9 years in 2019 to 79.0 years in 2020.63
Leading causes of death
From 2010-2019, mortality rates in the county and in the San Fernando SPA 2 decreased overall by 3%.

Death from heart disease remained the number 1 “killer” over the past decade and is the cause of more than twice the number of deaths from the second leading cause. The good news is that the rate of death

59 Glendale Community Health Needs Assessment: 2022. (June 2022). Dignity Health – Glendale Medical Hospitals and Health Centers, in partnership with Adventist Health Glendale. https://www.dignityhealth.org/content/dam/dignity-health/pdfs/chna/2022-chna/gmhhc-chna-22.pdf 60 Patterns in Mortality and Life Expectancy in Los Angeles County, 2010-2019. (May 2022) Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology. http://www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/epi/docs/2019_Mortality_Report_FINAL_052022.pdf 61 Note: Health data for the San Fernando Service Planning Area (SPA 2) will be included throughout this chapter; it is the most localized data for Glendale residents, although most of the data cited in this section are not disaggregated by gender. Glendale is a part of SPA 2 and accounts for 22% of its population. 62 Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. City and Community Health Profiles, 2018: Glendale. (June 2018). http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/ohae/docs/cchp/pdf/2018/Glendale.pdf 63 Arias, E.; Xu, J.; Tejada-Vera, B.; Murphy, S.; and Bastian, B. (August 2022). U.S. State Life Tables: 2020. National Vital Statistics Report 71 (2). Reports can be downloaded at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/index.htm 83 of 129

28 from heart disease also saw one of the greatest decreases in the past decade, along with decreases in mortalities from lung cancer.64

Table 17. Mortality Rates for Leading Causes of Death in Los Angeles County and the San Fernando SPA 2: 2010-2019
L.A. County San Fernando SPA 2
2019 Change
from 2010
2019 Change
from 2010
All causes of death 578.9 -6% All causes of death 560.5 -3% Coronary heart disease 97.4 -29% Coronary heart disease 102.2 -25% Alzheimer’s disease 39.1 58% Alzheimer’s disease 47.5 64% Stroke 33.9 -6% Stroke 30.2 -6%
Diabetes mellitus 26.7 27% COPD 25.1 -6%
COPD 25.6 -14% Lung cancer 22.1 -28%
Lung cancer 21.7 -34% Diabetes mellitus 20.4 22%
Note: In this study, cancer is disaggregated by location/body site of the disease. These data are not disaggregated by gender. Mortality rates equal the number of deaths from that cause compared to 100,000 population; these rates are adjusted for age.

Source: Los Angeles Department of Public Health

While the mortality rates for most of the diseases among the top 10 “killers” have decreased, there has been an alarming increase in the mortality rate from Alzheimer’s and from diabetes. These mortality rates are not specific for Glendale itself, but there are two general trends that should be noted as having a potential impact on the health of Glendale women and men. For Los Angeles County:

1. Alzheimer’s disease disproportionately affects women, and it is on the rise. In the county, the 2019 mortality rate from Alzheimer’s was 42.1 for women and 33.9 for men; moreover, the change in mortality rate over the decade has been greater for women (62%) than for men (52%).

2. Diabetes, too, is on the rise. Men are more prone to death from diabetes than women (mortality rate of 33.4 for men compared to 21.2 for women), and the change in mortality rate over the decade has been greater for men than for women (30% for men compared to 22% for women).

These diseases do not impact all racial or ethnic groups equally, although the mortality rates of Los Angeles County women by race and ethnicity show the leading cause of death for every group is coronary heart disease followed by Alzheimer’s disease.65

64Patterns in Mortality and Life Expectancy in Los Angeles County, 2010-2019. (May 2022) (Table B-2) Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology. http://www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/epi/docs/2019_Mortality_Report_FINAL_052022.pdf 65 Patterns in Mortality and Life Expectancy in Los Angeles County, 2010-2019. (May 2022) Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology. http://www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/epi/docs/2019_Mortality_Report_FINAL_052022.pdf 84 of 129

29 Table 18. Mortality Rate of Los Angeles County Women from Leading Causes of Death by Race and Ethnicity: 2019
Number of deaths per 100,000 women (adjusted for age)
All women African
American
Asian
American
Latina White
Coronary heart disease 69.4 106.9 48.9 55.7 78.3
Alzheimer’s disease 42.1 48.1 24.5 33.5 53.6
Stroke 31.7 45.8 25.0 31.0 30.8
COPD 21.9 27.0 7.9 11.9 34.0
Diabetes 21.2 34.9 19.0 26.4 14.3
Breast cancer 19.1 29.5 14.8 14.2 21.7
Note: Mortality rates are the number of deaths/100,000 population and are adjusted for age.

Source: Los Angeles County Department of Public Health

African American women are much more prone to death by coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and breast cancer than women in other racial/ethnic groups, a fact not unique to the county. White women are more likely to die from Alzheimer’s and COPD than other groups. Latinas and Asian American women are least likely to die from breast cancer. Asian American women have the smallest mortality rate for each of the leading diseases in the table above, with the exception of diabetes.

Impact of COVID-19. In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic was declared in the country as the number of Southern Californians infected with the novel coronavirus rapidly grew. By the end of 2020, COVID-19 was the second leading cause of death in Los Angeles County. Among all adults living in the county— regardless of gender, race or ethnicity—COVID-19 became one of the top three causes of death that year.66 In Service Planning Area 2, the mortality rate of COVID-19 was 87.4 (deaths per 100,000 residents), second only to that of coronary heart disease which had a mortality rate of 108.9.

Aside from the insertion of COVID-19 as a leading cause of death in 2020. The age-adjusted mortality rate of nearly all leading diseases causing death increased in 2020 compared to 2019. The exceptions for Los Angeles County women are mortality rates for COPD, breast cancer and lung cancer, which decreased in 2020 relative to 2019 mortality rates.

Premature death of women. If we limit the causes of death to women younger than 75 years of age, breast cancer figures among diseases with the highest death rates. Additionally, breast cancer ranks highest among diseases in terms of years of potential life lost (YPLL).67 68

66 Mortality in Los Angeles County, 2020. Provisional Report. Los Angeles County Department of Public Health.

Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology. May 2022. http://www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/epi/ 67 Patterns in Mortality and Life Expectancy in Los Angeles County, 2010-2019. (May 2022) Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology. http://www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/epi/docs/2019_Mortality_Report_FINAL_052022.pdf 68 Mortality in Los Angeles County, 2020: Provisional Report. Los Angeles County Department of Public Health.

Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology. (May 2022) http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/epi/docs/2020_Mortality_Brief_FINAL_052022.pdf 85 of 129

30 Table 19. Premature Death Rate from Disease
(in Potential Years of Life Lost): Los Angeles County Women 2019 YPLL
Breast cancer 220
Coronary heart disease 202
Diabetes 127
Stroke 110
Lung cancer 72
Note: The YPLL death rates are age-adjusted and are based on the number of potential years of life lost (before age 75) per 100,000 women. Leading causes of premature death include unintentional drug overdoses (ranked 3rd), motor vehicle crashes (ranked 5th), and suicide (ranked 9th).

Source: Los Angeles County Department of Public Health

In Service Planning Area 2, breast cancer is the 10th leading cause of premature death among women.

Table 20. Mortality Rates from Breast Cancer of Los Angeles County Women by Race/Ethnicity: 201969 Ranked cause of
death
Number of deaths Age-adjusted death
rate
All women 6 1,193 19.1
African American 5 177 29.5
Asian American 7 166 14.8
Latina 5 320 14.2
White 6 510 21.7
Note: Men also die from breast cancer, but it is not a leading cause of death.

Source: Los Angeles Department of Public Health

In SPA 2, 276 women died of breast cancer in 2019, amounting to an age-adjusted death rate of 19.4 deaths per 100,000 SPA 2 women. These data are not disaggregated by race.

While the data in Tables 18-21 are not specifically for Glendale women, there are three generalizations relevant to the health of all women.
1) The death rates of most of the diseases in 2020 are greater than for 2019 (COPD, breast cancer and lung cancer are the exceptions for Los Angeles County women). This is attributed in part to the fact that women and men delayed getting medical care during the pandemic because of the risk of exposure to COVID-19 or disruption of the healthcare system.
2) Breast cancer is the leading cause of premature death of women in terms of potential years of life lost. Because of its relatively high death rate and because it strikes those young women least likely to suspect it, it is often detected at a late stage when treatment is less effective. 3) African American women are twice as likely as Asian American and Latinas to die from breast cancer.

69 Patterns in Mortality and Life Expectancy in Los Angeles County, 2010-2019. (May 2022) Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology. http://www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/epi/docs/2019_Mortality_Report_FINAL_052022.pdf 86 of 129

31 Infant and maternal health
In 2019, there were about 21,700 babies born in the San Fernando Service Planning Area (SPA 2); 71 died within the first year of birth.70 Of these births, 552 were to teen mothers and 1,580 were low birth birthweight; 1,967 were pre-term live births. These are all factors associated with increased risk of infant mortality.

Over the period 2017-2019, the infant mortality in California was 4.2 infants per 1,000 babies who died within one year of birth; in Los Angeles County the rate was 3.9 infant deaths per 1,000 within one year of birth.71 Nearly 95% of infants who die within 1 year of age in the state are linked to birth defects.

The 2018 Community Health Profile of Glendale indicated that the rate of infant mortality in the city was

3.5 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, a mortality rate that is lower than the county’s 2018 infant mortality rate of 4.2.72
Health outcome studies show that exclusive breastfeeding is associated with improved infant and childhood health, as well as with decreased rates of childhood obesity.73 In Los Angeles County, 93% of mothers initiate breastfeeding and 62% exclusively breastfed their infants at birth. Birthing mothers at the three hospitals in Glendale roughly mirror these statistics.74 Table 21. Prevalence of Breastfeeding in Glendale Hospitals: 2020 Number of
births
Any
breastfeeding
Exclusive
breastfeeding
Glendale Adventist Hospital 1,497 94% 69%
Glendale Memorial Hospital Health
Center
1,081 90% 44%
USC Verdugo Hills Hospital 533 96% 64%
Los Angeles County average 88,671 93% 62%
Note: The percentages of mothers in Los Angeles County who initiated breastfeeding in 2020 is down by one percentage point from 2019.

Source: California Department of Public Health.

The health of infants is connected to the health of the mother. Mothers who die within one year of terminating a pregnancy (either by giving birth or other means) from a cause either directly or indirectly

70 L.A. County Department of Public Health, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health. Special Report by Service Planning Area. These figures are based on 2012-2016 data. http://ph.lacounty.gov/mch/fhop/FHOP2019/Special%20Reports_SPA_2019.pdf 71 California Department of Public Health, Center for Family Health, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health (MCAH) Division. Infant Mortality Dashboard. www.cdph.ca.gov/infant-mortality-dashboard 72 Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. City and Community Profile: Glendale (June 2018). http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/ohae/cchp/healthProfilePDF.htm 73 See for example: Grummer-Strawn, L; Li, R; Perrine, C; Scanlon, KI; Fein, S. “Infant Feeding and Long-term Outcomes: Results from the Year 6 Follow-Up of Children in the Infant Feeding Practices Study II”. Pediatrics. Vol. 134: Supplement 1, S1-S3. (Sept. 1, 2014).
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/Supplement_1/S1.full.pdf+html 74 California Department of Public Health. (2019) California In-Hospital Breastfeeding as Indicated on the Newborn Screening Test Form Statewide, County and Hospital of Occurrence by Race/Ethnicity. www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH/DMCAH/Breastfeeding/Pages/In-Hospital-Breastfeeding-Initiation-Data.aspx 87 of 129

32 associated with pregnancy is referred to as a pregnancy-related death. Significantly more babies die within one year of birth than their mothers die from pregnancy-related causes. Infant mortality is measured against 1,000 live births and maternal mortality is measured against 100,000 live births.

About one-third of mothers who die within 1 year from the end of pregnancy die from cardio-vascular issues related to the pregnancy.

The pregnancy-related mortality rate for California showed a dramatic increase in 2020 relative to 2019 (18.6 and 12.8 deaths per 100,000 live births, respectively). In the Los Angeles county region (including Ventura and Santa Barbara counties), the pregnancy-related mortality rate for 2018-2020 is 16.8.75 Of concern is the great racial disparity in death rates of infants and death rates of mothers.

Table 22. California Infant and Pregnancy-Related Mortality Rates by Race/Ethnicity of Mother Infant mortality rate for
California infants
(deaths/1,000 live births)76
Pregnancy-related mortality rate for
California women (deaths/100,000
births)77
All races/ethnicities 4.17 18.6 (2020)
African American 8.36 45.8
Asian American 2.3 15.0
Latina 4.21 14.8
White, not Latina origin 3.45 12.6
Note: Deaths of both infants and mothers are within one year of birth or the end of pregnancy. Infant mortality data are from 2019; pregnancy-related mortality data are from 2018-2020 except where noted.

Source: California Department of Public Health, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Division (MCAH)

Buried in the overall infant and pregnancy-related mortality rates is the fact that the mortality rate for both African American babies and their mothers is significantly higher than for other races/ethnicities.

African American babies are more than twice as likely to die within one year than white babies and African American mothers are nearly four times more likely to die from pregnancy-related causes than white women.

Chronic conditions and COVID-19
Common chronic conditions affect the quality of life for those who are afflicted—and render them more susceptible to serious illness if they are exposed to an infectious disease. In Glendale roughly 10-15% of

75 California Department of Public Health, Center for Family Health, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Division. Pregnancy-related mortality dashboard. (Average rate calculated from 2018-2020 data). https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH/DMCAH/surveillance/Pages/Pregnancy-Related-Mortality.aspx 76 California Department of Public Health, Center for Family Health, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Division. Infant Mortality dashboard for Los Angeles County. https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH/DMCAH/surveillance/Pages/Infant-Mortality.aspx 77 California Department of Public Health, Center for Family Health, Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Division. Pregnancy-related mortality dashboard.
https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH/DMCAH/surveillance/Pages/Pregnancy-Related-Mortality.aspx 88 of 129

33 the population has been diagnosed with one or more chronic conditions (not including obesity, which has a higher incidence).

Table 23. Percentage of Adult Women and Men Diagnosed with a Common Chronic Condition:
2020-2021
Glendale78 San Fernando (SPA 2)79 Los Angeles County80 Women and Men Women Men Women Men
Asthma 16% 16% 11% 16% 12%
Diabetes 11% 10% 11% 11% 13%
Heart disease 8% 5% 10% 5% 8%
Obesity (BMI>30) 26% 28% 25% 30% 28%
Note: Percentages have been rounded. Data for Glendale are not disaggregated by gender and are estimates based on 2020 CHIS data. Data for SPA 2 and for Los Angeles County are from the 2021 CHIS survey. Figures represent the percentage of survey respondents who answered “yes” to “Have you ever been diagnosed with (asthma, diabetes, heart disease)?” Source: 2020 and 2021 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS)

Although data specific to Glendale are limited, women in general tend to have higher incidence of asthma while a greater proportion of men than women have diabetes and heart disease.

The Impact of COVID-19. Chronic conditions compromise the body’s immune system, making it more difficult to combat infections. This was particularly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, when a disproportionate number of those who died from the virus also suffered from a co-condition such as diabetes, asthma or other lung or heart disease. The Centers for Disease Control identified these conditions as co-factors which would make a serious illness likely if one was exposed to the novel coronavirus. In general, more women than men suffer from asthma, while a greater proportion of men suffer from diabetes.

Mental wellbeing
The last few years have been fraught with uncertainty in the face of the highly infectious novel coronavirus, which quickly spread throughout the world. Some individuals and families were pushed into poverty as businesses shut down and schools closed in an effort to control the outbreak. Income was reduced as work hours were reduced or jobs lost. People were anxious about finances and about loved ones who might contract the disease—and their own health. Women took on an extra burden as they assumed the majority of added family care when children were forced to stay home as schools and childcare centers closed.

78 Published estimates based on the 2020 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), for the AskCHIS Neighborhood Edition. Data are not disaggregated by gender. UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, the Fielding School of Public Health. Exported November 2022. http://askchisne.ucla.edu 79 2021 California Health Interview Survey. Subject Area: Health Conditions; Subject area for obesity: Health Behavior. UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, the Fielding School of Public Health. http://ask.chis.ucla.edu 80 2021 California Health Interview Survey. Subject Area: Health Conditions; Subject area for obesity: Health Behavior. UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, the Fielding School of Public Health. http://ask.chis.ucla.edu 89 of 129

34 In times of heightened stress, one can feel nervous or on edge or even worse, begin to experience a sense of hopelessness. Before the COVID-19 pandemic was declared in March 2020, 19% of California women had been diagnosed with depression; in 2020, more than 50% of California women reported experiencing mild to severe symptoms of depression.81
In 2018, 19% of Glendale adults who responded to the Los Angeles County Health Survey indicated that they had been diagnosed with depression; 17% of adults across the county indicated the same.82 These figures are not inconsistent with the experiences of adults across the state. While no timely data measuring the impact on Glendale women during the pandemic has been found, it is likely that they experienced similar feelings of heightened anxiety and occasional depression during the early days of the pandemic.

The California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) gives some insight to the mental wellbeing of adults in SPA

2. The 2019 and 2021 survey responses indicate that respondents who were likely to have experienced a “serious psychological episode in the past 12 months” increased, likely due in large part to disruptions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.83
Table 24. Percentage of Adults Likely to have had a Serious Psychological Episode in the Past 12 Months: 2019 and 2021
San Fernando SPA 2 Los Angeles County
2019 2019 2021 2019 2021
Women
Men
11%
11%
18%
12%
14%
11%
20%
13%
Note: The California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) team considers responses to several questions on the survey that probe the interference of mental issues with normal social, professional, and familial functioning to determine whether a “serious psychological episode” has occurred.

Source: California Health Interview Survey

The Neighborhood Edition of the California Health Interview Survey, which based its estimates on 2020 CHIS data, reported that 11% of Glendale’s adults were “likely to have had a serious psychological episode in the past 12 months” (up slightly from 10% in 2018 and 2016).84

81 Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Centers for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2019) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Program (BRFSS) Prevalence and Trends Data. www.cdc.gov/BRFSS/brfssprevalence ; U.S. Census Bureau. (2020). Household Pulse Survey. Weeks 21-39. Health:

Table 2b: Symptoms of Depression Experienced in the Last 7 Days, by Select Characteristics: California. http://census.gov/programs-surveys/household-pulse-survey/data.html 822018 Los Angeles County Health Survey. Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/ha/LACHSDataTopics2018.htm 83 2019 and 2021 California Health Interview Survey. Subject Area: Mental and Emotional Wellbeing. http://ask.chis.ucla.edu
84 Published estimates based on the 2020 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), for the AskCHIS Neighborhood Edition. UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, the Fielding School of Public Health. Exported November 2022. http://askchisne.ucla.edu
90 of 129

35 In the 2022 Glendale Community Health Needs Assessment, community partners indicated that mental health was one of the highest health priorities in Glendale. Those who were interviewed listed some issues, barriers, and challenges that community members face relative to accessing mental health treatment, including:85
• societal stigma and cultural norms associated with recognizing and seeking treatment for mental health issues,
• language barriers when interacting with health care professionals, • limited access due to cost with a limited number of mental health professionals who accept insurance payments, and
• lack of sufficient funding for mental health services.

Behaviors that impact health
While not all factors governing general health status are subject to individual decisions, individuals have some control of their health status by getting medical care when needed, practicing preventive health, and maintaining healthy habits.

Access to and utilization of medical care. In 2021, 10% of women (6% of men) in SPA 2 reported they had difficulty finding a primary care doctor who would see them or who were accepting new patients.

Among those who needed to see a medical specialist, 17% of women (16% of men) indicated they had difficulty finding specialty care; 13% of women and 5% of men indicated that their insurance was not accepted by the specialist.86
Medical insurance mitigates the costs associated with healthcare. Over the past few years, the percentage of Glendale’s uninsured population has dropped from 14% in 2014 to 7% in 2021.87 Table 25. Percentage of Glendale Non-Institutionalized, Civilian Population Who are Uninsured 2014 2016-2020 2021
Total 14% 7% 7%
18 years or under 5% 3% 3%
19-64 years
• Employed
• Unemployed
• Not in labor force

• 17%
• 29%
• 12%

• 10%
• 16%
• 10%

• 9%
• 21%
• 9%
Women 13% 6% 6%
Men 16% 8% 7%
Source: U.S. Census 2014, 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates; 2020 5-Year Estimates

85 Glendale Community Health Needs Assessment: 2022. (June 2022). (See page 106). Dignity Health – Glendale Medical Hospitals and Health Centers, in partnership with Adventist Health Glendale. https://www.dignityhealth.org/content/dam/dignity-health/pdfs/chna/2022-chna/gmhhc-chna-22.pdf 86 2021 California Health Interview Survey. Topic: Access and Utilization/Barriers to Care: Difficulty in the past 12 months in finding needed primary care/specialty medical care. http://ask.chis.ucla.edu 87 U.S. Census Bureau. 2014 and 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates; 2020 5-Year Estimates. Table S2701: Selected Characteristics of Health Insurance Coverage in the United States. http://data.census.gov 91 of 129

36 Despite more than 90% of the population being insured for medical services, in 2021 during the pandemic roughly 1 in 4 (23%) Californians delayed seeking needed medical care. In 2020 an estimated 23% of Glendale adults delayed prescriptions or medical services, compared to 21% in 2016 and 21.5% in 2018.88 In 2021, when questioned why they had delayed getting needed health care, women in SPA 2 responded as follows:89
• 28% due to insurance-related reasons (e.g., lack of insurance, cost of care, etc.) • 15% due to healthcare barriers (i.e., health center closed, difficult to get an appointment, etc.) • 23% due to personal reasons
• 34% due to COVID (e.g., didn’t want to risk visiting a health center) In Glendale, community input into the 2022 Health Needs Assessment indicated that language barriers (especially with the Armenian- and Spanish-speaking populations) played a significant role in avoiding getting needed health care.90
There are several funded Community Health Care Centers in the Glendale area which provide primary care for uninsured and medically underserved populations. Despite the presence of these centers, the 2022 Glendale Community Health Needs Assessment estimates that over 100,000 low-income residents (those with incomes less than twice the Federal Poverty Level) are not being served by these clinics. 91 Preventive Care: Screenings for women. Being up to date on recommended vaccines and screenings plays an important role in safeguarding the health of women. Regular screenings are recommended to increase the probability of early discovery when treatment can be more effective in putting the disease into remission and increasing the odds of survival. A mammogram and a Papanicolaou (Pap) test for specified age groups are recommended in order to reduce the risk of death from breast and cervical cancers. Between 70-80% or more of women throughout the county and in Glendale are current in these two areas.92

88 Published estimates based on the 2020 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), for the AskCHIS Neighborhood Edition. UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, the Fielding School of Public Health. Exported November 2022. http://askchisne.ucla.edu
89 2021 California Health Interview Survey. Topic: Access and Utilization: Main reason delayed or had forgone needed medical care. http://ask.chis.ucla.edu
90 Glendale Community Health Needs Assessment: 2022. (June 2022). (See page 52). Dignity Health – Glendale Medical Hospitals and Health Centers, in partnership with Adventist Health Glendale. https://www.dignityhealth.org/content/dam/dignity-health/pdfs/chna/2022-chna/gmhhc-chna-22.pdf 91 Glendale Community Health Needs Assessment: 2022. (June 2022). (See page 50). Dignity Health – Glendale Medical Hospitals and Health Centers, in partnership with Adventist Health Glendale. https://www.dignityhealth.org/content/dam/dignity-health/pdfs/chna/2022-chna/gmhhc-chna-22.pdf 92 L.A. County Health Survey, 2018. L.A. County Department of Public Health. www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/ha/LACHSDataTopics2018.htm 92 of 129

37 Table 26. Percentage of Women Who Reported Having a Mammogram and a Pap Test: 2018 Mammogram Pap test
Age group/frequency 50-74 years of age within past 2
years
21-65 years of age within past 3
years
Glendale 71% 78%
L.A. County 77% 81%
Source: Los Angeles County Health Survey, 2018.

Preventive Care: Vaccinations. Most recently, vaccines for COVID-19 have been highly recommended to mitigate the serious effects of the novel coronavirus that results in COVID-19. As of November 2022, unvaccinated Californians were nearly three (2.9) times more likely to die from COVID-19 than those who were fully vaccinated with the primary series of doses (no booster).93 As of January 2023, 73% of California’s population is fully vaccinated; 61% have been vaccinated and received a booster. Of those fully vaccinated, 53% are women.94

By March 10, 2023, nearly 60,000 Glendale residents had contracted the virus and just over 1,000 Glendale residents had died from the disease.95 Nearly three-fourths (71%) of Glendale residents (6 months and over) had received at least one dose of the vaccine and 66% had been fully vaccinated.

Older adults fared better: 86% of adults 65 years and over had received at least one dose of the vaccine and 80% were fully vaccinated.96

Preventive care: Vaccination against pneumonia and influenza. While only 2% of the deaths in San Fernando SPA 2 are attributed to pneumonia and influenza,97 these deaths can often be prevented by immunization. Over 70% of Glendale’s older residents, who are predominantly women, are immunized against these diseases.98
Table 27: Percentage of Women and Men Who Reported Having Received a Pneumonia or Influenza Shot: 2018
Pneumonia Influenza
Age group/frequency 65+ years/ever had a
vaccination
65+ years /within past year
Glendale (2016) 73% 73%
L.A. County 72% 73%
Source: Los Angeles County Health Survey, 2018.

93 California Department of Public Health (2022). Tracking COVID-19 in California. Accessed January 5, 2023. covid19.ca.gov/state-dashboard
94 California Department of Public Health (2022). Vaccination Data. Accessed January 5, 2023. covid19.ca.gov/vaccination-progress-data/#overview
95COVID-19 Dashboard: Locations and Demographics. Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. (accessed March 12, 2023). Http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/media/coronavirus/locations.htm 96 Los Angeles County COVID-19 Vaccine Dashboard, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. (accessed March 12, 2023). http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/media/coronavirus/vaccine/vaccine-dashboard.htm 97 Patterns in Mortality and Life Expectancy in Los Angeles County, 2010-2019. (May 2022) Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology. http://www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/epi/docs/2019_Mortality_Report_FINAL_052022.pdf 98L.A. County Health Survey, 2018. L.A. County Department of Public Health. www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/ha/LACHSDataTopics2018.htm 93 of 129

38 Across the county, a greater percentage of older women than men have been vaccinated for pneumonia (75% and 69%, respectively); a greater percentage of men (75%) have received a recent flu shot than women (72%).

As the 2022 Glendale Community Health Needs Assessment reports, seniors are more likely than younger adults and children to be vaccinated annually for influenza. Among SPA 2 residents in 2018, only 46% of adults 18 years and older received a flu shot in the last year. However, the majority of children (59%) who are 6 months to 17 years, and seniors (67%) received a flu shot in the past year.99 Healthy Habits: Nutrition and Physical Activity. A healthy lifestyle includes a nourishing diet and physical activity. While recent gender-disaggregated data for Glendale are not generally available, the Los Angeles County Health Surveys conducted roughly every 3 years and the annual California Health Interview Surveys indicate that over one-third of Glendale residents are physically active. Less than 15% meet the guidelines for consumption of fruit and vegetables. These results have not significantly improved since 2015.

Table 28. Physical Activity and Nutrition Patterns of Glendale Adults100 Physical activity 2015 2018
Percent of adults meeting recommended aerobic and
muscle strengthening guidelines (150 minutes/week,
including 2 days of muscle-strengthening activity)
35% 37%
Nutritional habits
Percent meeting guidelines for daily fruit and
vegetable consumption (5 or more servings/day)
14% 13%
Note: Estimates for Glendale are not disaggregated by gender; they are derived from responses to the Los Angeles County Health Survey.

Source: Los Angeles County Health Survey
Safety
Neighborhood safety
On the 2018 Los Angeles County Health Survey, a remarkable 100% of Glendale adults responded that they perceived their neighborhoods to be safe from crime.101 In 2021, just under 1% of adults in SPA 2 never felt safe in their neighborhood; only 1 in 4 women (and 1 in 3 men) felt safe all of the time:102

99 Glendale Community Health Needs Assessment: 2022. (June 2022). (See page 113). Dignity Health – Glendale Medical Hospitals and Health Centers, in partnership with Adventist Health Glendale. https://www.dignityhealth.org/content/dam/dignity-health/pdfs/chna/2022-chna/gmhhc-chna-22.pdf 100 Los Angeles Health Survey, 2015 and 2018. Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. For 2015 data: Los Angeles County Department of Public Health City and Community Health Profiles, 2018: Glendale. http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/ohae/cchp/HealthProfilePDF.htm For 2018 data: Los Angeles County Health Survey, 2018. http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/ha/LACHSDataTopics2018.htm 101 L.A. County Health Survey, 2018. L.A. County Department of Public Health. Percent of residents 18+ years who perceive their neighborhoods to be safe from crime.www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/ha/LACHSDataTopics2018.htm 102 2021 California Health Interview Survey. Topic: Place of Residence: Housing/Neighborhood. http://ask.chis.ucla.edu
94 of 129

39 • 26% of women (35% of men) felt safe all of the time, • 61% of women (52% of men) felt safe most of the time, and • 12% of women (12.5% of men) felt safe some of the time.

Crime in Glendale
The number of crimes in Glendale varies from year to year, and it is difficult to find a sustained trend.

Over the past decade violent crime in the city hit a peak in 2017, with 274 violent crimes reported to the FBI Uniform Crime System.103 In 2020, the number of violent crimes was reported to be 206, down from 231 in 2019. Glendale reported 220 violent crimes and 3,365 property crimes in 2021.104

Table 29. Types of Crimes in Glendale and Los Angeles City: 2019105 City of Glendale City of Los Angeles
Violent crime rate (per 1,000 residents) 1 7
Number of residents 202,601 4,015,546
Number of violent crime offenses 231 29,400
Percent of violent crimes classified as
• murder/non-negligent manslaughter
• rape
• robbery
• aggravated assault

2%
7%
40%
51%

1%
8%
33%
59%
Number of property crimes 3305 95,704
Note: These figures are based on reports of the Glendale and Los Angeles Police Departments made to the FBI Uniform Crime Reporting System.

Source: Uniform Crime Report, FBI.

The violent crime rate in Glendale (violent crimes per 1,000 residents) is “1,” while the violent crime rate of Los Angeles City is “7”. Angelenos are seven times more likely to be a victim of a violent crime than residents of Glendale.

In monitoring crime, the Glendale Police Department identifies a set of special crimes: child abuse, simple assault, domestic violence, fraud, identity theft and vandalism. Of these specially designated crimes, women are particularly affected by domestic violence.

Domestic Violence (DV)/ intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Women are disproportionately affected by domestic violence perpetrated by an intimate partner:
according to the 2016/2017 estimates, 1 in 5 women (20%) across the U.S. have experienced contact sexual violence (e.g., rape, unwanted sexual contact) compared to 1 in 12 (8%) men. One in three

103 Note: Violent crimes include murder and non-negligent manslaughter, rape, robbery and aggravated assault.

Property crimes include burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft and arson. 104 Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime Data Explorer: California/Glendale. http://cde.ucr.cjis.gov/ https://crime-data-explorer.app.cloud.gov/pages/explorer/crime/crime-trend 105 Uniform Crime Reports. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2019). Data retrieved using online database, Crime Data Explorer. [data set]. http://cde.ucr.cjis.gov/LATESt/webapp/#/pages/explorer/crime/crime-trend 95 of 129

40 women (33%) across the United States has been the victim of severe physical violence by an intimate partner, compared to 1 in 4 men (25%).106

In the 2018 Los Angeles County Health Survey, residents were asked whether they had ever experienced any physical violence or unwanted sex by an intimate partner.107 Table 30. Percentage of Adults Who Experienced Domestic Violence by an Intimate Partner: 2018 Physical violence (hit,
slapped, pushed, kicked, etc.)
Unwanted sex
Women Men Women Men
Glendale 10% 11% NA NA
SPA 2 18% 11% 9% 1% *
Los Angeles County 16% 12% 10% 3%
Note: NA means that statistics disaggregated by gender are not available at this data source; an asterisk indicates the value may be statistically unreliable due to small sample size. Collectively, 3% of Glendale women and men reported experiencing unwanted sex by an intimate partner.

Source: 2018 Los Angeles County Health Survey

Physical violence perpetrated by an intimate partner in Glendale doesn’t quite fit the pattern found in SPA 2 or the county. In many places, a greater proportion of women than men suffer severe physical violence in domestic situations. However, in the 2018 Los Angeles County Health Survey, the percentages of Glendale women and men who experienced physical violence at the hands of an intimate partner is about the same (or even slightly less) for women and men. It is not clear whether more Glendale men than women experience physical violence at the hands of an intimate partner, whether men were more active in reporting DV incidents, or whether this one-year data point is an anomaly.

Although domestic/intimate partner violence is vastly underreported, in 2021 the Glendale Police Department logged 333 calls for assistance related to domestic violence; in 2020, the number of calls was 323.108 In some cities, reports of domestic violence was significantly lower in 2020 than in the previous year, attributed in part due to failure to report DV/IPV incidents during the pandemic.

However, that does not appear to be the case in Glendale where the number of calls for DV/IPV assistance were about the same in 2020 as in 2019.

106 Leemis, R., Friar, N., Khatiwada, L., Chen, M., Kresnow, M., Smith, S., Caslin, S., and Basile, K. (2022). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2016/2017 Report on Intimate Partner Violence. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/nisvs/NISVSReportonIPV_2022.pdf 107 L.A. County Health Survey, 2018. L.A. County Department of Public Health. Percent of residents 18+ years who reported ever experiencing any physical violence or unwanted sex by an intimate partner. .www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/ha/LACHSDataTopics2018.htm 108 Glendale Police Department. Monthly Crime Statistics and Activity Reports for December 2020, 2021, and August 2022. https://glendaleca.gov/government/departments/police-department/community-outreach- resources-and-engagement-c-o-r-e/crime-prevention-programs-resources/crime-statistics-booking-logs 96 of 129

41 Table 31. Number of Domestic/ Intimate Partner Violence Reports in Glendale: 2019-2022 2019 2020 2021 YTD through
August 2021
YTD through
August 2022
Number of
incidents
327 323 333 226 194
Source: Glendale Police Department
By August 2022, the number of incidents of DV was 194, down 14% from the 226 incidents a year earlier. While the number of domestic violence incidents in 2022 appears to be lower than in 2021, violent incidents by an intimate partner have not been historically diminishing in any sustained way.

One of the consequences of domestic violence can be the displacement of a person or persons from their home. Among Glendale’s 225 homeless individuals counted in 2022, 20 adults identified as being homeless due to domestic violence: 18 survivors of DV were living in shelters and 2 were unsheltered.109 In 2020, there were 19 adult survivors of domestic violence identified among Glendale’s homeless population.

Sexual violence
Over 85% of survivors of sexual violence in the United States are women. Across the nation, 1 out of 6 women (17%) and 1 out of 33 men (3%) have been victims of rape or attempted rape in their lifetime.110

Based on Glendale Police Department statistics, there were 15 rapes reported in 2021, compared with 17 cases in 2019. By August of 2022, 11 rapes had been reported, compared to 9 over this time period in 2021. By 2022 numbers sexual violence is increasing, at least in the short term, and does not appear to be diminishing in the city.111
Human trafficking
Human trafficking is the business of coercing or transporting a person for exploitation; there are two broad categories of exploitation: labor and/or sex slavery.112 Across the nation, women make up about 80% of human trafficking survivors.113

California is one of three states (the other two being Florida and Texas) most affected by human trafficking. In 2021, there were 10,583 cases of human trafficking reported through the National Human

109 City of Glendale Homeless Count Archives. www.glendaleca.gov/government/departments/community- services-parks/human-services/homeless-services/homeless-count-archive 110 Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network (RAINN). Victims of Sexual Violence: Statistics. Retrieved November 2022 from www.rainn.org/statistics/victims-sexual-violence 111 Glendale Police Department. Monthly Crime Statistics and Activity Reports for December 2020, 2021, and August 2022. https://glendaleca.gov/government/departments/police-department/community-outreach- resources-and-engagement-c-o-r-e/crime-prevention-programs-resources/crime-statistics-booking-logs 112 Office of the Attorney General, State of California. See, for example, The State of Human Trafficking in California: 2012. While the 2012 report statistics are dated, the publication provides a good overview of human trafficking in the state. https://oag.ca.gov/transnational-organized-crime/ 113 The National Human Trafficking Hotline. Polaris Project. Downloaded November 2022. https://humantraffickinghotline.org/
97 of 129

42 Trafficking Hotline. Calls made in California accounted for 13% of those cases, Texas for 9% and Florida for 7.5%.114 Human trafficking is a slave industry that transcends borders: California’s cases involve victims from around the world and the nation, as well as victims who may be in transition to other locations.

Since its inception in 2007, the National Human Trafficking Hotline in California has identified 12,676 cases of human trafficking through 2021.115 In 2021, the number of cases reported in the state was 1,334—less than the number reported in 2018 (1651). The number of cases reported in 2021 is nearly 200 less than the number reported in 2019. There is some speculation that this significant decrease in reported cases of human trafficking may have been due in part to restrictions on cross-border travel during the pandemic.

Table 32. Characteristics of Human Trafficking Cases Logged in California: 2021 Number of cases 1334
Type of trafficking
Percent sex trafficking
Percent labor or labor and sex trafficking

84%
16%
Gender of victim
• Percent women
• Percent men
• Percent gender minorities

86%
13%
1%
Age of victim
• Percent adults (18 years and over)
• Percent minors (under 18 years)

80%
20%
Citizenship
• Percent foreign nationals
• Percent U.S. citizens

54%
46%
Note that the vast majority of trafficking involves sex with female victims. The age of trafficking victims is not always known, but of those whose age is known 1 in 5 are children and 4 out of 5 are adults.

The Los Angeles-based Coalition Against Slavery and Trafficking (CAST) is the largest provider of comprehensive services to survivors of human trafficking.116 Of the nearly 2,000 trafficking survivors and families CAST served in 2021, 90% secured safe housing and 86% had a job or were in school.

CAST has an advocacy mission and extensive policy agenda; one part of that agenda involves securing funding for a prevalence study on human trafficking and its victims in both the County and the City of Los Angeles. This information is critical to developing a data-driven response to the human trafficking industry in the area.

114 The National Human Trafficking Hotline. Polaris Project. Downloaded November 2022. https://humantraffickinghotline.org/
115 The National Human Trafficking Resource Center. Polaris Project for a World without Slavery. www.traffickingresourcecenter.org/state/california
116 Coalition to Abolish Slavery and Trafficking, CAST-LA. See the 2021 Impact Report. www.castla.org/wp- content/uploads/2022/03/CastLA-2021ImpactReport_digital.pdf Note: These percentages are based
on the total number of responses to
each question. In many cases,
comprehensive information on the
victim(s) or the type of trafficking
involved is not provided; thus the
number of responses varies by
category.

Source: Polaris Project

98 of 129

43 Leadership
Glendale’s leaders can be found in many organizations of all sizes. In this section we focus on women leaders in three areas: as private business owners, where good leadership is critical to the success of a business; in not-for-profit organizations that largely focus on improving the quality of life of women and men across the area; and women in local government, where policy is developed and implemented that impacts the lives of all City residents.

Distribution of Glendale residents and type of employer In 2021, Glendale women comprised 47% of employed adults living in the city: 43,000 women over the age of 16 years were employed either on a full-time or part-time basis.117 Major employment sectors include public corporations, private for-profit companies, and not-for-profit organizations; individuals may also be self-employed, either in an incorporated or unincorporated business that they own.

Table 33. Percentage of Glendale’s Working Residents by Type of Employer 2021 Percent of women
in work sector
Civilian employed population 16 years and over 90,715 47% Private for-profit wage and salary workers 66,045 47%
• Employee of private company • 61,354 • 48%
• Self-employed in own incorporated business • 4,691 • 40% Private not-for-profit wage and salary worker 6,491 60% Government workers
• Local
• State
• Federal

• 6,400
• 2,498
• 1,128

• 59%
• 56%
• 32%
Self-employed in own unincorporated business or unpaid
family worker
8,153 28%
Note: These figures are based on the population of Glendale residents, who may not all work in the City.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.

The number of self-employed women owning an incorporated business has increased by 33%, from 1,416 in 2016 to 1,885 in 2021.118 The increase in the number of women who own and work in their own business is a testament to women’s creativity and entrepreneurial talent in the city.

Glendale women comprise the majority of the workforce in private not-for-profit organizations (60%) and of local and state government workers (58%) in Glendale or nearby communities.119 City of Glendale Workforce Demographics. The City of Glendale tracks the demographics of its employees. Since 2003, women have comprised roughly 30% of the City’s employees. The percentage of managerial jobs held by women increased from 31% in 2008 to 36% in 2021; the percentage of

117 U.S. Census 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table S2408: Class of worker by sex for the civilian employed population 16 years and over. http://data.census.gov 118U.S. Census Bureau. 2016 and 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table S2408: Class of worker by sex for the civilian employed population 16 years and over. http://data.census.gov 119 U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table S2408: Class of worker by sex for the civilian employed population 16 years and over. http://data.census.gov 99 of 129

44 technical/professional positions held by women has increased from 45% to 49% over this same time frame.

The City has a policy of also tracking Armenians who are in the city workforce independently of other ethnicities. The latest report on Glendale workforce demographics for 2021 identified 22% of all women and men working for the City as having Armenian ancestry.120 These figures indicate an increased presence of Armenians in the City’s workforce: in 2008, 14% of women and men working for the city identified as Armenian. Armenians held about 22% of all managerial positions in 2021, up from 5% in 2008.

Women-owned businesses (WOBs)
In 2017, there were 11.7 million women leading their own businesses (WOBs)121 across the U.S., representing nearly 38% of all privately-owned businesses in the nation. These women-owned businesses generated an annual revenue of $1.8 trillion. California is home to the largest number (1,543,000) of women-owned businesses; nearly 627,000 were in the Los Angeles metropolitan area.122

Information from the 2017-18 Annual Business Surveys indicates that there were about 6,000 privately- owned employer businesses in Glendale, meaning that these businesses had paid employees and met a minimum of $1,000 revenue in 2017. Of these privately-owned employer businesses, 18% were women-owned businesses, with another 13% equally owned by a woman with a man.123 Glendale’s women-owned businesses employed almost 10,000 people and distributed an annual payroll of $340 million.

Generally, women-owned businesses are smaller than the average U.S. business in terms of employment and revenue; nationally, it is estimated that over 80% of women-owned businesses have less than 10 paid employees.124 However, businesses owned by women are showing a higher rate of growth in numbers of firms, employment, and revenue than the U.S. average. In 2021, half (49%) of new business start-ups in the U.S. were led by women entrepreneurs.125

Not-for-profit (nonprofit) organizations

120 City of Glendale Work Force Demographics Update: 2008 through 2021. (December 2022). City of Glendale, Internal Audit.
https://www.glendaleca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/69583/638090447362770000 121 A women-owned business (WOB) is defined as any privately-owned business in which a woman holds over 50% ownership.
122 National Women’s Business Council (2022) 2021 Annual Report: By the Numbers. https://www.nwbc.gov/annual-reports/2021/#ByTheNumbers
123 U.S. Census Bureau. Economic Survey Program. 2017 Annual Business Survey Estimates. Table AB1700CSA01:

Annual Business Survey: Statistics for Employer Firms by Industry, Sex, Ethnicity, Race and Veteran Status for the U.S., States, Metro Areas, Counties and Places: 2017. http://data.census.gov 124 National Women’s Business Council (2022) 2021 Annual Report: By the Numbers. https://www.nwbc.gov/annual-reports/2021/#ByTheNumbers
125 World Economic Forum. (July 2022). Here’s what women’s entrepreneurship looks like around the world. https://www.Weforum.org/agenda/2022/07/women-entrepreneurs-gusto-gender/ 100 of 129

45 There are over 1.5 million nonprofit organizations in the U.S.126 These groups are very diverse, united by the definition of a nonprofit, in which activities are dedicated to serve a cause and not for the primary motive of profit. Examples of causes include providing advisory and training services to underserved populations, social services, and environmental causes; larger nonprofits are often associated with religious or educational institutions and trade unions. Although most nonprofit organizations have a paid administrative staff, in 2017 roughly 25% of the United States population spent an average of 137 hours per year in volunteer work with nonprofits.127 In 2018, 43% of Glendale adults reported engaging in volunteer work or community service in the past year.128

In 2021, Glendale women make up 60% of residents who are paid staff in not-for-profit organizations; they have annual median earnings of $56,000, compared to just under $68,000 for men.129

Political participation of women
Women, who make up half of the population of the nation and the state, have been woefully underrepresented in elected political positions—nationally, as well as in California. The California delegation to the Congress of the United States is comprised of 36% (20) women; of 120 seats in the California State Legislature, 33% (39) are held by women.130

It has been noted that fewer women than men run for office in statewide executive and legislative elections. In 2022, for example, women comprised roughly 33% of candidates running for state governors across the country.131 As long as few women run, fewer women will advance to office and women will continue to be underrepresented in political decision making in the nation and in California.132

State and County Representation of Glendale. Glendale is represented in the State Assembly (44th District) by Laura Friedman, (52nd District) by Wendy Carrillo and in the State Senate (25th District), by Anthony Portantino. On the 5-member County Board of Supervisors, Glendale falls into District 5,

126 Nonprofit Organizations in the United States – Statistics and Facts. (September 2022) Statista Research Department. https://www.statista.com/Topics/1390/nonprofit-organizations-in-the-us/#topicoverview 127 Nonprofit Organizations in the United States – Statistics and Facts. (September 2022) Statista Research Department. https://www.statista.com/Topics/1390/nonprofit-organizations-in-the-us/#topicoverview 128 2018 California Health Interview Survey: Neighborhood Edition. UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, the Fielding School of Public Health. Online data tool, selected for Community Service and Glendale. [data set] Exported November 2022. http://askchisne.ucla.edu
129U.S. Census Bureau. 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Table S2418: Class of Worker by Sex and Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2021 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) for the Civilian Employed Population 16 Years and Over. http://data.census.gov
130 California Current Numbers. (December 2022). Center for American Women and Politics, Rutgers University. http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/
131 Center for American Women and Politics (CAWP). 2022. Women as a Percentage of 2022 Major-Party Candidates and Nominees. Center for American Women and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University. https://cawp.rutgers.edu/election-watch/women-percentage-2022-major-party-candidates-and- nominees (Accessed December 14, 2022)
132Naomi Cahn, Why Aren’t There Even More Women Political Leaders? (December 6, 2020) Forbes Leadership Strategy blog. www.forbes.com/sites/naomicahn/2020/12/06/why-arent-there-even-more-women-political- leaders
101 of 129

46 represented by Kathryn Barger. Altogether, Glendale women are well-represented on state and county governing bodies.

Local Government: Elected City Officials. Glendale is governed by an elected City Council composed of five members who serve four-year terms; each year, the Council selects one of its own members to serve as mayor for that year. The City Clerk and City Treasurer are also elected. In Glendale, women hold three out of seven (43%) of elected City official positions compared with the 39% statewide average of women in elected municipal offices.133

City of Glendale Boards and Commissions. The City Council has the opportunity to encourage the viewpoints of its diverse constituents in policy development discussions. One of the duties of the Council is to appoint members to Glendale’s Boards and Commissions which serve as advisory bodies to the Council. There are 17 Glendale Boards and Commissions, 14 of which each have five members appointed by the Council.134
Table 34. Gender Diversity on Glendale’s Volunteer Commissions and Boards Total Women
Arts and Culture Commission 5 5
Audit Committee 5 0
Building and Fire Board of Appeals 5 1
Civil Service Commission 5 0
Commission on the Status of Women 5 5
Community Development Block Grant Advisory Committee 5 2 Design Review Board 5 2
Glendale Housing Authority 7 3
Glendale Water and Power Commission 5 1
Historic Preservation Commission 5 2
Parks, Recreation and Community Services Commission 5 2 Planning Commission 5 2
Sustainability Commission 5 2
Transportation and Parking Commission 5 3
TOTAL Members 72 30
Note: Data were retrieved from website on November 16, 2022 and are subject to change as terms end and vacancies are filled. This table does not include regional boards, commissions and committees on which the City of Glendale has seats including the Burbank/Glendale/Pasadena Airport Authority, the Metropolitan Water District Board, or the Vector Control District. Currently only one of approximately 25 seats on this board is filled by a woman.

Source: City of Glendale website

If a major purpose of the City’s advisory boards and within any one board itself is to represent the perspectives of the City’s residents, then the following observations are offered:

133See, for example, 2022 Women in Municipal Office. Center for American Women and Politics, Rutgers University – New Brunswick. https://cawp.rutgers.edu/2022-women-municipal-office. (Accessed November 18, 2022) 134 City of Glendale, CA website. Government: City Boards and Commissions www.glendaleca.gov/government 102 of 129

47 1. There are three City commissions and one committee where there is no gender diversity—these bodies are either all male or all female—so at least the perspective from one gender is missing in issues discussed.

2. Overall, women comprise 42% of these 72 volunteer advisory positions. In a city with a majority population of women (51%), women are under-represented on the City of Glendale’s Boards and Commissions.

Elected school boards. The Glendale Unified School District (GUSD) Board of Education and the Glendale Community College Board of Trustees each are composed of 5-members elected by area. Both boards are charged with oversight and policy development that improve student learning and maintain safe and sustainable learning environments. Women currently hold 4 out of 5 of the elected positions on each board.135

Editor’s Note
Limitations of the data
Please see the Introduction to the 2022-2023 Report on the Status of Women and Girls in Glendale for a discussion of the limitations of the data used in this report.

Some common terms used in the 2022-2023 Report on the Status of Women and Girls in Glendale SPA. A Service Planning Area (SPA) is a geographic region within Los Angeles county, defined by the Los Angeles County of Public Health to facilitate its provision of relevant public health and clinical services across the county.
• SPA 2. Service Planning Area 2, covering San Fernando Valley and Santa Clarita Valley, includes the City of Glendale, along with communities of Burbank, Calabasas, Canoga Park, Canyon Country, Encino, La Canada-Flintridge, San Fernando, Sherman Oaks, Sun Valley, Van Nuys, and Woodland Hills. For additional information, go to
http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/chs/SPAMain/ServicePlanningAreas.htm • ACS. The American Community Survey, begun in 2005, replaced the decennial census long form.

It is an annual survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau and is distributed annually to roughly 3.5 million households across the U.S., the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.

Results are modeled to represent a statistical picture of the area sampled; Glendale is one of California’s “places” for which data are collected. This 2022-2023 Report on the Status of Women and Girls in Glendale utilizes 2021 data, which were released in fall 2022 when the report was prepared. In this report we use 1-year estimates, released by the U.S. Census Bureau for areas with a minimum of 65,000 population. We also use 5-year estimates, particularly in looking at trends in data, in order to enhance statistical stability. For additional information, go to https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs
• CHIS. The California Health Interview Survey, conducted annually by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research in collaboration with the California Department of Public Health and the Department of Health Care Services.

135 Glendale Unified School District: http://gusd.net ; Glendale Community College District: www.glendale.edu 103 of 129

48 Gender. The Status Report is generally written in binary terms based on the still very large proportion of the population that self-identifies in binary terms as either female or male. • Women, girls, females. Females is the general term but is not generally favored in diversity studies. This report refers to women as females 18 years and over (unless otherwise specified) and girls as females under the age of 18 years.
• Men, boys, males. The distinction in usage is analogous to that for women, girls, females.

Racial/Ethnic classifications. Census surveys allow a single choice among several races or a multi-racial identification; a racial group is exclusively of that race on the basis of self-identification. Respondents of any race identifying a Hispanic ethnicity are tabulated separately. • Latinx refers to a group of mixed gender, Latina to Latinx women, and Latino to Latinx men. The Census Bureau also refers to Latinx as persons of any race, but of Hispanic origin. • African American as used in this Report includes persons who also identify as “Black”. • Asian American, refers to a person who identifies as Asian and who is residing in the United States.
• White is generally not capitalized in this Report and includes anyone who identifies as such, excluding persons who have identified a Latin or Hispanic heritage. The white population is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as including people having ancestors from any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. Armenians are counted as part of the white population in U.S. Census Survey data.136
• Armenian American or Armenian in this Report is any individual who identifies as having an Armenian ancestry.

136 1997 Revisions to OMB Statistical Policy Directive No. 15, Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and Administrative Reporting-DocumentCloud. (see page19). https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21211671- 1997-revisions-to-omb-statistical-policy-directive-no-15-race-and-ethnic-standards-for-federal-statistics-and- administrative-reporting
104 of 129

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
City of Glendale Commission on the Status of Women
Dr. Suzie Abajian, PhD | Glendale City Clerk
Diane Lambillotte | Chair of the Glendale Commission on the Status of Women Mount Saint Mary’s University Los Angeles
Ann McElaney-Johnson, PhD | President, MSMU
Eleanor Siebert, PhD | Lead Researcher, Professor Emerita, MSMU Krishauna Hines-Gaither, PhD | Vice President, Equity, Diversity and Justice, MSMU Robin Owens, PhD | Interim Director, Center for the Advancement of Women, MSMU Anastasia Baran | Communications + Project Manager, Center for the Advancement of Women, MSMU Joey Tamayo and MSMU Design Team
105 of 129

106 of 129

Mount Saint Mary’s University Los Angeles is the only women’s university in Los Angeles and one of the most diverse in the nation. The University is known nationally for its research on gender equity, its innovative health and science programs, and its commitment to community service. Mount Saint Mary’s provides year-round, flexible and online programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels. MSMU.EDU The mission of the City of Glendale Commission on the Status of Women, is to advance social justice and equity and ensure equality of rights and opportunities for all women and girls in Glendale by building new and strengthening existing bridges between the City’s diverse groups, organizations, agencies and individuals; by increasing the level of knowledge in the community regarding women’s issues and the status of women in our community; by encouraging and promoting participation; and by increasing visibility of women in all spheres of life in Glendale (including home, work, school, and government).
107 of 129

20172021
MSMU.EDU
Glendale Commission on the Status of Women
Prepared by Mount Saint Mary’s University
Glendale’s
Armenian
Women

CITY OF GLENDALE
108 of 129

1 Glendale’s Armenian Women: 2017-2021

This document provides a snapshot of Glendale’s women of Armenian origin using data released by the U.S. Census Bureau in June 2023. The American Community Survey program of the Census Bureau releases its ﬁndings on detailed populaFon groups in summaries of 5-year data esFmates, the most recent of which covers the period of 2017-2021.

The purpose of this document, a supplement to the 2023 Report on the Status of Women and Girls in Glendale, is two-fold: ﬁrst, to explore changes in selected characterisFcs of Armenian women which occurred between 2011-2015 and 2017-2021 and second, to illustrate how Armenian women fare in 2017-2021 relaFve to all women and white women (of which Armenians are a subset in the 2023 Report on the Status of Women in Glendale).1
Armenian Women then and now: 2011-2015 and 2017-2021
Popula'on. Glendale’s Armenian populaFon is the largest ethnic minority in the city. The populaFon has grown from 65,434 individuals in 2006-2010 to 69,558 in 2017-2021. During this Fme span Armenians have comprised just over 1 in 3 (34-35%) of Glendale residents. Just over half (52-54%) of Armenians are women and girls.

PopulaFon (number of people) Armenian
women
Armenian
men
Total Armenian
populaFon
Total Glendale
populaFon
2006-2010 33,833 31,601 65,434 192,190
2011-2015 37,962 34,508 72,470 196,984
2017-2021 37,699 31,859 69,558 196,512
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010, 2015, and 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Es'mates. Tables B01001 detailed popula'on table: Armenian
In 2017-2021, nearly 55,000 of Glendale’s Armenians were born outside of the United States. Of these, 55% are women and 45% are men.2 Armenians have emigrated from many countries, but 96% are from Asia and 39% (nearly 22,000) of Glendale’s foreign-born Armenians are from Armenia.3 Median age. The median age of Glendale’s Armenian women has increased by about two years from

44.8 years in 2011-2015 to 46.6 years in 2017-2021. In 2006-2010, the median age was 40.6 years. 2011-2015 2017-2021
Median Age 44.8 years 46.6 years
Note: In 2017-2021, the median age of Glendale’s women as a whole was 42.8 years. White women (not of Hispanic origin) had a median age of 45.7 years; Asian American women of 43.4 years; African American women of 40.5 years; and La'nas had a median age of 37.2 years.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2010, 2015, 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Es'mates. Table B01002 detailed popula'on tables selected for Armenian women

1 For a fuller understanding of Glendale women, please see the 2023 Report on the Status of Women and Girls in Glendale.
2 U.S. Census Bureau. 2017-2021 American Community Survey 5-Year EsFmates. Table B06003 detailed populaFon table: Armenian.
3 U.S. Census Bureau. 2017-2021 American Community Survey 5-Year EsFmates. Tables B05002, B05006 detailed populaFon tables: Armenian.
109 of 129

2 Housing tenure. The percentage of Armenian households that are owner-occupied has not changed signiﬁcantly from 2011-2015: one in four (25-26%) are owner-occupied, and three out of four (74-75%) are renter-occupied.
2011-2015 2017-2021
Household owner 25% 26%
Household renter 75% 74%
Note: Among all Glendale households, 36% are occupied by owners and 64% are occupied by renters.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2015 and 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Es'mates. Table B25003 detailed popula'on table: Armenian

Marital status. Over the period 2011-2015 to 2017-2021, the marital status of Armenian women has not changed signiﬁcantly: a majority of women 15 years and over are married, while roughly 25% have never been married. However, going back to 2006-2010, a greater proporFon of Armenian women was married (57%) than in 2017-2021 (51%), and smaller percentages were widowed (13% versus 15%) and divorced (5% versus 8%). As in 2017-2021, 1 in 4 women 15 years and over had never been married. 2011-2015 2017-2021
Never married 26% 25%
Now married 52% 51%
Widowed 15% 15%
Divorced 7% 8%
Note: In 2017-2021, among all Glendale women who are 15 years and over, 32% have never been married, 48% are married, 11% are widowed and 9% are divorced.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2010, 2015, and 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Es'mates. Table B12001 detailed popula'on table: Armenian

Educa'onal a[ainment. The level of educaFonal abainment of Glendale’s Armenian women aged 25 years and over has risen over the years 2011-2015 to 2017-2021. In 2017-2021, 32% of women held a bachelor’s degree or higher, compared to 28% in 2011-2015. The percentage of Armenian women with less than a high school diploma has decreased from 23% in 2011-2015 to 15% in 2017-2021. 2011-2015 2017-2021
No high school diploma 23% 15%
High school diploma 22% 28%
Some college, no degree 19% 12%
Associate’s degree 8% 13%
Bachelor’s degree 18% 20%
Graduate/professional degree 10% 12%
Note: These data are for Armenian women 25 years and over. In 2006-2010, 30% of Armenian women held a bachelor’s degree or higher and 21% had less than a high school diploma.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2010, 2015, 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Es'mates. Table B15002 detailed popula'on table: Armenian

110 of 129

3 Employment status (20-64 years). From 2011-2021, nearly two out of three (64%) of Glendale’s Armenian women aged 20-64 years have been a part of the labor force; over half of them have been employed. The unemployment rate in 2011-2015 was higher than in 2006-2010 (10%) and in 2017-2021 (9%).
2011-2015 2017-2021
Percent in labor force 64% 64%
Percent of total women employed 56% 58%
Percent of labor force unemployed
(unemployment rate)
13% 9%
Note: These data do not diﬀer in any signiﬁcant way from those covering 2006-2010 when 64% were in the labor force, 58% were employed and the unemployment rate was 10%.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2010, 2015, 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Es'mates. Table B23001 detailed popula'on table: Armenian

Median Earnings for 16 years and over with earnings. The median earnings of Glendale’s Armenian women who worked either full- or part-Fme has increased by 58% from $21,320 in 2011-2015 to $33,753 in 2017-2021. The increase in annual median earnings of women who worked full-Fme was 26%. However, Armenian women earn less than their male counterparts. Moreover, from 2011-2015 to 2017-2021, Armenian men working full-Fme experienced a 36% increase in earnings, compared to a 26% increase of full-Fme working Armenian women. Among full-Fme workers in 2011-2015, Armenian women were at earnings parity with men but in 2017-2021, women earn on average only 93% of what men earn.

Women
2011-2015
Men
2011-2015
Women
2017-2021
Men
2017-2021
All workers $21,320 $25,854 $33,753 $46,553
Full-Fme workers $42,196 $42,258 $53,367 $57,273
% earnings of full-Fme
women/men
100% 93%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2015, 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Es'mates. Table B20017 detailed popula'on table: Armenian
Poverty Status of Women and Girls. Despite the increase in median earnings, the poverty rate among Armenian women and girls has not changed signiﬁcantly in 2017-2021 relaFve to 2011-2015: nearly one in four of Glendale’s Armenian women (23%) lives in poverty, and nearly one in three of Armenian women 65 years and over lives in poverty. AddiFonally, the poverty rate of Armenian women is greater than that of men: in 2017-2021, the poverty rate of women was 23% compared to 17% for men. 2011-2015 2017-2021
Women of all ages 23% 23%
Women 65 years and over 29% 32%
Note: Poverty status is based on the federal poverty level (FPL) threshold used by the U.S. Census Bureau and deﬁned by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. In 2021, the FPL for individuals was $12,900; for a family of four (two children) it was $26,500.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2015, 2021 American Community Survey. Table B17001 detailed popula'on table: Armenian
111 of 129

4 A Proﬁle of Glendale Women
This secFon looks at Glendale’s Armenian women and how they fare relaFve to Glendale women of all races and to white women (not of Hispanic origin). Based on the U.S. Census deﬁniFon of race, white women include those of European, North African and Middle Eastern origins. Current U.S. Census surveys count Armenians as a subset of the white populaFon.

Snapshot Data for Glendale Women: 2017-2021
All women Armenian
women
PopulaFon 103,229 37,699
Median age 42.8 years 46.6 years
Marital status (15 years and over)
• Never married
• Now married
• Widowed
• Divorced

32%
48%
11%
9%

25%
51%
15%
8%
EducaFonal abainment (25 years and over)
• Less than high school
• High school diploma
• Some college, no degree
• Associate’s degree
• Bachelor’s degree
• Graduate/professional degree

12%
21%
14%
10%
28%
15%

15%
28%
12%
13%
20%
12%
Employment status (20-64 years)
• Percent of total women in labor force
• Percent of total women employed
• Unemployment rate

72%
66%
7%

64%
58%
9%
Median earnings (16+ years with earnings)
• All workers
• Full-Fme workers

$39,022
$60,372

$33,753
$53,367
Poverty status
• All ages
• Women over 65 years

15%
21%

23%
32%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2017-2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Es'mates, except where noted. Table numbers are given in earlier tables for the detailed popula'on of Armenians.

Based on data in this report:
• Armenian women comprise roughly 36% of all women in Glendale, but they comprise well over half (60%) of white women.
• As a group, Armenian women tend to be older than white women. • While 32% of Armenian women have a bachelor’s degree or higher, 43% of all women have abained this level of educaFon.
• A greater proporFon of women (all races and ethniciFes) than Armenian women is in the labor force (72% versus 64%); Armenian women have a higher rate of unemployment. 112 of 129

5 • The median earnings of Armenian workers are lower than those of all women. • The poverty rate of Armenian women of all ages is 23%, signiﬁcantly higher than for women as a whole (15%).

A comparison of selected economic indicators of Glendale women by race/ethnicity: 2017-2021. Many factors (e.g., educaFon, health, income, marital status, number of dependents, and inherited wealth) determine the economic security of women. The following table illustrates the disparity in educaFonal abainment and median earnings among Glendale women as a funcFon of race/ethnicity.

Number in
Glendale’s
populaFon
Percent with
bachelor’s
degree or
higher
Median
earnings for
all workers
Median
earnings for
full-Fme
workers
Percent living
on income
below federal
poverty level
Armenian women 37,699 32% $33,753 $53,367 23%
African American women 1,745 NA $53,902 $66,024 11%
Asian American women 15,119 61% $51,206 $67,740 5%
LaFna 19,700 26% $27,272 $44,636 16%
White women (not of
Hispanic origin, but
including Armenian)
62,627 38% $39,683 $62,852 17%
All women 103,229 43% $39,022 $60,372 15%
Note: NA indicates that data are not available. Percent with bachelor’s degree or higher is for women 25 years and over and, except for Armenian women, is based on a 2019 single-year count. Median earnings for all and full-'me workers are for women 16 years and over with earnings; percent living on income below federal poverty level is for women and girls of all ages. These data account for the roughly 97% of Glendale women; 3% iden'fy with other races or with mul'ple races.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2017-2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Es'mates. Tables B01001 (column 1); B15002 (column 2); B20017 (columns 3 and 4); and B17001 (column 5).

While detailed data are not available for the populaFon of Armenians, research shows that in general the higher the level of educaFonal abainment, the higher the median earnings and the lower the poverty rate.4 The increasing level of educaFonal abainment of Armenian women evidenced on page 2 suggests a potenFally more secure economic future for Glendale’s community of Armenian women.

4 For example, see the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey data in Table B20004: Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months by Sex by EducaFonal Abainment for the PopulaFon 25 Years and Over; and Table B17003:

Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months of Individuals by Sex by EducaFon Abainment. 113 of 129

2022-2023
Report on the Status of Women and Girls
Glendale
Glendale Commission on the Status of Women
September 19, 2023
Prepared by Eleanor Siebert, PhD
Mount Saint Mary's University
116 of 129

•Demographics
•Employment and Earnings
•Poverty
•Health
•Safety
•Leadership
Report Highlights
117 of 129

Glendale,
2016-2020
Glendale,
2021
L.A. County,
2021
African
American
2% N/A* 8%
Asian
American
15% 16% 16%
Latina 19% 21% 49%
White 61% 57% 24%
Other 4% 6% 4%
Demographics of Glendale Women
118 of 129

Over the 5-year period 2017-2021, there were...
•103,000 women
•(51% of the total population)
•62,600 white women not of Hispanic origin
•(61% of all women)
•37,700 Armenian women
•(60% of white women or 36% of all women)
Note: Statistics on Glendale’s white women are heavily
influenced by women of Armenian ancestry.

Armenian Women of Glendale
119 of 129

Median Age in Years: 2021
Populations Age in Years
Men 38 years
Women 41 years
African American women 40 years
Asian American women 39 years
Latina 33 years
White women 44 years
Armenian women 47 years
120 of 129

Marital Status: 2017-2021
For Glendale women 15 years and over
• 32% have never been married
• 48% are married
• 11% are single women who are widowed
• 9% are single women who are divorced
For Glendale Armenian women 15 years and over
• 25% never married
• 51% are married
• 15% are single women who are widowed
• 8% are single women who are divorced
51%
121 of 129

All Glendale Women: 25+ Years
Education 2017-2021
Less than high school 12%
High school diploma 21%
Some college 14%
Associate's degree 10%
Bachelor's degree 28%
Graduate/professional 15%
Educational Attainment: 2017-2021
Armenian Women: 25+ Years
Education 2017-2021 2011-2015
Less than high school 15% 23%
High school diploma 28% 22%
Some college 12% 19%
Associate's degree 13% 8%
Bachelor's degree 20% 18%
Graduate/professional 12% 10%
122 of 129

Note: When earnings are broken out by race/ethnicity, Armenian working women as a group earn less than African American ($54,000) and Asian American women ($51,000), as well as white women as a whole ($40,000). Latinas have a median earning of $27,000.

All Glendale Women: 20-64 Years
Employment 2017-2021
Women in labor force 72%
Percent employed 66%
Unemployment rate 7%
Median earnings (16+ yrs)
• All workers $39,022
• Full-time workers $60,372
Armenian Women: 20-64 Years
Employment 2017-2021
Women in labor force 64%
Percent employed 58%
Unemployment rate 9%
Median earnings (16+ yrs)
• All workers $33,753
• Full-time workers $53,367
Employment and Earnings: 2017-2021
123 of 129

Poverty Rates
Women and Girls 2017-2021
All women and girls 15%
African American 11%
Asian American 5%
Latina 26%
White 17%
• Armenian 23%
Poverty Rates: Glendale Women and Girls 2017-2021
124 of 129

Households, Families and Poverty

HOUSEHOLDS
Household Type Number
Number of households 70,831
Family households 48,139
Family households
headed by women
(no spouse present)
8,136
Nonfamily households
headed by women
12,157
HOUSEHOLDS AND POVERTY 2021
Income below federal poverty
level
9%
(% of all Glendale families)
Partnered-couple households
• With children
8%
11%
Single-woman households
• With children
15%
23%
125 of 129

Life Expectancy of women and men: 83 years (2019)
Leading Causes of Death for women and men:
• Coronary Heart Disease and Alzheimer’s (2019)
• Coronary Heart Disease and COVID-19 (2020)
Most Prevalent Chronic Diseases of women
• Obesity (28%)
• Asthma (16%)
Serious Psychological Episode experienced by women:
• 11% (2019)
• 18% (2021)
Health in Service Planning Area (SPA) 2
126 of 129

Business
• 1885 women employed in their own incorporated business • Represents 40% of total employed; 60% are men
• Up from 2014 when 1600 women were employed (and represented 32%) Not-for-Profit (2021)
• Women make up 60% of paid staff
Politics (2022)
• Glendale elected officials: 3/7 are women (43%)
• Boards and Commissions: 30/72 (42%)
• Elected school boards (GUSD and Glendale CCD): 80%
(Note: Women comprise 51% of Glendale’s population)
Leadership
127 of 129

Positive or positive trending
• Increasing educational attainment and earnings:
• 50% women with a bachelor’s degree or higher (2021) and 39% (2014) • Breastfeeding of infants high, correlated with increased infant and maternal health
• Health insurance coverage carried by 94% of women (87% in 2014) Challenges
• Poverty rates almost constant for a decade
• (15% of all women and girls)
• Armenian women less economically secure than women as a whole • Domestic/Intimate Partner violence, a crime with intergenerational consequences, appears to remain about constant
General Observations
128 of 129

2022-2023
Report on the Status of Women and Girls
Glendale
Glendale Commission on the Status of Women
September 19, 2023
Prepared by Eleanor Siebert, PhD
Mount Saint Mary's University
129 of 129

Glendale City CouncilSeptember 19, 2023

Glendale City Council
September 19, 2023