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City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Table of Contents Page i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME 2 of 4—Community Risk Assessment (this volume)
Section Page
Community Risk Assessment .......................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Community Risk Assessment .............................................................................................................3
1.1.1 Risk Assessment Methodology ............................................................................................3
1.1.2 Risk Assessment Summary ..................................................................................................4
1.1.3 Planning Zones.....................................................................................................................5
1.1.4 Values at Risk to Be Protected.............................................................................................6
1.1.5 Hazard Identification .........................................................................................................11
1.1.6 Service Capacity ................................................................................................................13
1.1.7 Probability of Occurrence ..................................................................................................13
1.1.8 Impact Extent .....................................................................................................................14
1.1.9 Impact Severity ..................................................................................................................15
1.1.10 Overall Risk .......................................................................................................................17
1.1.11 Building Fire Risk ..............................................................................................................18
1.1.12 Vegetation/Wildland Fire Risk ..........................................................................................21
1.1.13 Medical Emergency Risk ...................................................................................................26
1.1.14 Hazardous Material Risk....................................................................................................29
1.1.15 Technical Rescue Risk .......................................................................................................33
1.1.16 Marine Incident Risk..........................................................................................................36 Table of Tables
Table 1—Overall Risk by Planning Zone ...................................................................................................................... 5 Table 2—Key Demographic Data – Glendale ............................................................................................................... 7 Table 3—Building Occupancy Inventory by Risk Category ......................................................................................... 9 Table 4—Critical Facilities/Infrastructure ................................................................................................................... 10 Table 5—Probability of Occurrence Categories .......................................................................................................... 14 Table 6—Impact Extent Categories ............................................................................................................................. 15 Table 7—Impact Severity Categories .......................................................................................................................... 16 Table 8—Overall Risk Categories – Negligible Impact Extent ................................................................................... 17 Table 9—Overall Risk Categories – Limited Impact Extent ....................................................................................... 17 Table 10—Overall Risk Categories – Significant Impact Extent ................................................................................ 17 Table 11—Overall Risk Categories – Extensive Impact Extent .................................................................................. 18 Table 12—Building Fire Service Demand ................................................................................................................... 20 Table 13—Building Fire Risk Assessment .................................................................................................................. 21 Table 14—Vegetation/Wildland Fire Service Demand ............................................................................................... 25 Table 15—Vegetation/Wildland Fire Risk Assessment .............................................................................................. 26 Table 16—Medical Emergency Service Demand ........................................................................................................ 28 City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Page ii Table of Contents
Table 17—Medical Emergency Risk Assessment ....................................................................................................... 29 Table 18—Average Annual Daily Traffic Volume ..................................................................................................... 30 Table 19—Hazardous Material Service Demand ........................................................................................................ 32 Table 20—Hazardous Materials Risk Assessment ...................................................................................................... 33 Table 21—Technical Rescue Service Demand ............................................................................................................ 35 Table 22—Technical Rescue Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................... 36 Table 23—Water Rescue Service Demand .................................................................................................................. 37 Table 24—Marine Incident Risk Assessment .............................................................................................................. 38 Table of Figures
Figure 1—Risk Planning Zones ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 2—Commission on Fire Accreditation International Hazard Categories ......................................................... 12 Figure 3—Building Fire Progression Timeline............................................................................................................ 19 Figure 4—LRA Very High Wildland Fire Hazard Severity Zones ............................................................................. 22 Figure 5—Survival Rate versus Time to Defibrillation ............................................................................................... 27 VOLUME 1 of 4—Technical Report (Separately Bound)
VOLUME 3 of 4—Map Atlas (Separately Bound)
VOLUME 4 of 4—Facilities Assessment (Separately Bound)
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Community Risk Assessment Page 3
COMMUNITY RISK ASSESSMENT
1.1 COMMUNITY RISK ASSESSMENT
The third element of the Standards of Coverage (SOC)
process is a community risk assessment. Within the context of an SOC study, the objectives of a community risk
assessment are to:
Identify the values at risk to be protected
within the community or service area.
Identify the specific hazards with the potential to adversely impact the community or service area.
Quantify the overall risk associated with each hazard. Establish a foundation for current/future deployment decisions and risk - reduction/hazard-mitigation planning and evaluation.
A hazard is broadly defined as a situation or condition that can cause or contribute to harm.
Examples include fire, medical emergency, vehicle collision, earthquake, flood, etc. Risk is broadly defined as the probability of hazard occurrence in combination with the likely severity of resultant impacts to people, property, and the community.
1.1.1 Risk Assessment Methodology
The methodology employed by Citygate to assess community risks as an integral element of an SOC study incorporates the following elements:
Identification of geographic planning sub -zones (risk planning zones) appropriate to the community or jurisdiction.
Identification and quantification, to the extent data is available, of the specific values to be protected within the community or service area. Identification of the fire and non-fire hazards to be evaluated. Determination of the probability of occurrence for each hazard. Determination of the probable extent of impact of a hazard occurrence by planning zone.
Determination of the probable impact severity of a hazard occurrence by planning zone.
SOC ELEMENT 3 OF 8
COMMUNITY RISK
ASSESSMENT
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT)
Quantification of overall risk for each hazard based on probability of occurrence in combination with impact extent and impact severity.
For this assessment, Citygate used the following data sources to understand the hazards and values to be protected in the City.
Esri and U. S. Census Bureau population and demographic data City Geographical Information Systems (GIS) data
City General Plan and Zoning information
City and Los Angeles County Hazard Mitigation Plans
Department and other City data and information.
1.1.2 Risk Assessment Summary
Citygate’s evaluation of the values at risk and hazards likely to impact the service area yields the following:
The Department serves a very diverse urban population with densities ranging from less than 3,500 to more than 25,000 people per square mile over a varied urban land use pattern.
The City population has declined slightly since the 2020 census. The service area has a large inventory of residential and non -residential buildings to protect.
The service area has significant economic and other resource values to be protected, as identified in this assessment.
The Department has multiple mass emergency notification options available to effectively communicate emergency information to the public in a timely manner.
The service area’s risk for six hazards related to emergency services provided by the Department range from Low to High as summarized in the following table.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Community Risk Assessment Page 5
Table 1—Overall Risk by Planning Zone
Hazard
Planning Zone
Station
21 Station
22 Station
23 Station
24 Station
25 Building Fire Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Vegetation/Wildland Fire Low Low High High High
Medical Emergency Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Hazardous Material Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Technical Rescue Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Marine Incident Low Low Low Low Low
Hazard
Planning Zone
Station
26 Station
27 Station
28 Station
29 Building Fire Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Vegetation/Wildland Fire High High High High
Medical Emergency Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Hazardous Material Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Technical Rescue Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Marine Incident Low Low Low Low
1.1.3 Planning Zones
The Commission on Fire Accreditation International (CFAI) recommends jurisdictions establish geographic planning zones to better understand risk at a sub -jurisdictional level. For example, portions of a jurisdiction may contain predominantly moderate risk building occupancies, such as detached single-family residences, while other areas contain high or maximum -risk occupancies, such as commercial and industrial buildings with a high hazard fire load. If risk were to be evaluated on a jurisdiction-wide basis, the predominant moderate risk could outweigh the high or maximum risk and may not be a significant factor in an overall assessment of risk. If, however, high or maximum-risk occupancies are a larger percentage of the risk in a smaller planning zone, then they become a more significant risk factor. Another consideration in establishing planning zones is that the jurisdiction’s record management system must also track the specific zone for each incident to appropriately evaluate service demand and response performance relative to each City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT)
specific zone. For this assessment, Citygate utilized nine planning zones corresponding with fire station first-due response areas as shown on the following map.
Figure 1—Risk Planning Zones
1.1.4 Values at Risk to Be Protected
Values at risk, broadly defined, are tangibles of significant importance or value to the community or jurisdiction potentially at risk of harm or damage from a hazard occurrence. Values at risk typically include people, critical facilities/infrastructure, buildings, and key economic, cultural, historic, or natural resources.
People
Residents, employees, visitors, and travelers in a community or jurisdiction are vulnerable to harm from a hazard occurrence. Particularly vulnerable are specific at-risk populations, including those unable to care for themselves or self -evacuate in the ev ent of an emergency. At -risk populations typically include children under the age of 10, the elderly, people housed in institutional settings, and households below the federal poverty level. The following table summarizes key demographic data for the City of Glendale.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Community Risk Assessment Page 7
Table 2—Key Demographic Data – Glendale
Demographic 2023
Population 195,455
Under 10 Years 8.7%
10–14 Years 5.1%
15–64 Years 66.1%
65–74 Years 11.2%
75 Years and Older 8.9%
Median Age 43.0
Daytime Population 211,515
Housing Units 80,518
Owner-Occupied 31.70%
Renter-Occupied 63.60%
Vacant 4.70%
Median Household Size 2.52
Median Home Value $955,735
Ethnicity
White Alone 62.60%
Black / African American Alone 1.90%
Asian Alone 16.40%
Other / Two or More Races 19.10%
Hispanic / Latino Origin 18.70%
Diversity Index 69.6%
Education (Population over 24 Years of Age)
High School Graduate or Equivalent 148,131
Undergraduate Degree 90.00%
Graduate/Professional Degree 45.40%
Employment (Population over 15 Years of Age)
In Labor Force 100,042
Unemployed 5.30%
Median Household Income $79,793
Population below Poverty Level 13.40%
Population with Disabilities 5.60%
Population without Health Insurance Coverage 8.50%
Source: Esri and U.S. Census Bureau
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT)
Of note from the previous table is the following:
Nearly 29 percent of the population is under 10 years or over 65 years of age. The City’s population is predominantly White Alone (63 percent), followed by Asian Alone (16 percent), other / two or more races (10 percent), and Black Alone (2 percent). 19 percent of the population is of Hispanic background or ethnicity. Of the population over 24 years of age, 90 percent has completed high school or equivalency.
Of the population over 24 years of age, 45 percent has an undergraduate, graduate, or professional degree.
Of the population 15 years of age or older, nearly 95 percent is in the workforce; of those, just over 5 percent are unemployed.
Median household income is nearly $80,000.
The population below the federal poverty level is slightly more than 13 percent. Only 8.5 percent of the population under age 65 does not have health insurance coverage.
Buildings
The service area has more than 80,000 residential housing units and nearly 13,000 other occupancies housing manufacturing, research, technology , office, professional services, retail sales, restaurants/bars, motels, churches, schools, storage, government facilities, healthcare facilities, and other occupancy types.1
Building Occupancy Risk Categories
The CFAI identifies the following four risk categories that relate to building occupancy:
Low Risk – includes detached garages, storage sheds, outbuildings, and similar building occupancies that pose a relatively low risk of harm to humans or the community if damaged or destroyed by fire.
Moderate Risk – includes detached single -family or two -family dwellings; mobile homes; commercial and industrial buildings smaller than 10,000 square feet without a high hazard fire load; aircraft; railroad facilities; and similar building occupancies where loss of lif e or property damage is limited to the single building.
1 Source: Esri Community Analyst – Community Profile and Business Summary (2023).
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Community Risk Assessment Page 9
High Risk – includes apartment/condominium buildings; commercial and industrial buildings larger than 10,000 square feet without a high hazard fire load; low -occupant load buildings with high fuel loading or hazardous materials; and similar occupancies with potenti al for substantial loss of life or unusual property damage or financial impact.
Maximum Risk – includes buildings or facilities with unusually high risk requiring an Effective Response Force (ERF) involving a significant augmentation of resources and personnel and where a fire would pose the potential for a catastrophic event involving large loss of life or significant economic impact to the community.
Evaluation of the service areas’ building inventory identified 3,945 high/maximum -risk building uses as they relate to the CFAI building fire risk categories, as summarized in the following table.
Table 3—Building Occupancy Inventory by Risk Category
Building Occupancy Classification Count1 Risk Category2 A-1 Large Assembly 15 Maximum
H Hazardous 4 Maximum
I Institutional 31 High
R-1 Hotel/Motel 27 High
R-2 Multi-Family Residential 3,861 High
R-2.1 Assisted Living 7 High
Total 3,945
1 Source: Glendale Fire Prevention Division
2 Source: CFAI Standards of Cover (Fifth Edition)
Critical Facilities
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security defines critical infrastructure and key resources as those physical assets essential to the public health and safety, economic vitality, and resilience of a community, such as lifeline utilities infrastructure, telecommunications infrastructure, essential government services facilities, public s afety facilities, schools, hospitals, airports, etc. The City has a near term goal to identify critical facilities and generate an inventory list for mitigation measures (Multi-Hazard #6) in their Hazard Mitigation Plan. At this writing the Fire Department has identified 97 critical facilities and infrastructure, as shown in the following table. A hazard occurrence with significant impact severity affecting one or more of these facilities would likely adversely impact critical public or community services.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT)
Table 4—Critical Facilities/Infrastructure
Critical Facility Category Quantity
Communications 4
Community Services 2
Economic 5
Education 27
Energy 1
Food, Water, Shelter 26
Government Services 6
Hazardous Materials 4
Healthcare & Medical 3
Infrastructure 2
Public Safety 10
Transportation 2
Utility 5
Total 97
Source: Glendale Fire Prevention Division
Economic Resources
The City has nearly 13,000 businesses employing nearly 98,000 people. Key economic industries include media, retail, business, education, healthcare, and services.2 Natural Resources
Key natural resources within the City include:3
Over seven miles of the Glendale Narrows bicycle path and pedestrian walkway. 4,782 acres of rugged open space owned by the City.
246 acres of developed parkland.
Three major physiographical features: the San Gabriel Mountains, the San Rafael Hills, and the Verdugo Mountains, with numerous trail systems accessible by foot, horse, or bicycle.
2 Source: ESRI Business Summary, Glendale, California 2023, and City of Glendale Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2019 3 Source: City of Glendale Open Space and Conservation Element of the General Plan (1993) City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Community Risk Assessment Page 11
Cultural/Historic Resources
Key cultural/historic resources within the service area include:
148 residential and commercial structures listed in the Glendale Register of Historic Resources2023
Grand Central Air Terminal (Disney Company)
Alex Theater
YMCA Building
Special/Unique Resources
The following facilities are special or unique resources to be protected:
Glendale Narrows Recreation Area
1.1.5 Hazard Identification
Citygate utilizes prior risk studies where available, fire and non -fire hazards as identified by the CFAI, and agency/jurisdiction-specific data and information to identify the hazards to be evaluated for this study. The 2019City of Glendale Local Hazard M itigation Plan identifies the following ten hazards (natural and man-made) likely to impact the service area:
1. Earthquake
2. Flooding
3. Landslide and Mudslide
4. Wildfires
5. Winter Storms
6. Transportation Incident (rail, airplane)
7. Terrorism
8. Pandemic
9. Dam Failure
10. Hazardous Materials
Although the Department has no legal authority or responsibility to mitigate any hazards other than possibly for wildfire, it does provide services related to many hazards, including fire suppression, emergency medical services, technical rescue, and hazardous materials response.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT)
The CFAI groups hazards into fire and non -fire categories, as shown in the following figure.
Identification, qualification, and quantification of the various fire and non -fire hazards are important factors in evaluating how resources are or can be deployed to mitigate those risks.
Figure 2—Commission on Fire Accreditation International Hazard Categories
Source: CFAI Standards of Cover (Fifth Edition)
After review and evaluation of the hazards identified in the City’s 2019 Hazard Mitigation Plan and the fire and non-fire hazards as identified by the CFAI as they relate to services provided by the Department, Citygate evaluated the following six hazards for this risk assessment:
1. Building fire
2. Vegetation/wildland fire
3. Medical emergency
4. Hazardous material release/spill
5. Technical rescue
6. Marine incident
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Community Risk Assessment Page 13
1.1.6 Service Capacity
Service capacity refers to the Department’s available response force; the size, type, and condition of its response fleet and any specialized equipment; core and specialized performance capabilities and competencies; resource distribution and concentration; availability of automatic or mutual aid; and any other agency-specific factors influencing its ability to meet current and prospective future service demand relative to the risks to be protected.
Service capacity for fire and non-fire risk consists of 62 response personnel on duty daily staffing nine engines, three aerial ladder trucks, six BLS ambulances, plus one Battalion Chief with a staff Captain, all operating from the Department’s nine fire stations. The Department also has an Urban Search and Resc ue (USAR) response apparatus, a hazardous materials technical response apparatus, three wildland engines, two water tenders, and an air/lighting unit that can be staffed as needed by on-duty or call-back personnel depending on incident type.
All response personnel are trained to either the emergency medical technician (EMT) level, capable of providing BLS pre-hospital emergency medical care, or the EMT-P (Paramedic) level, capable of providing ALS pre -hospital emergency medical care. All engin es, and Truck 26 are staffed with at least two paramedics. The BLS transport ambulances are staffed with two non - sworn EMTs.
Response personnel are also trained to the U.S. Department of Transportation Hazardous Materials First Responder Operations (FRO) level to provide initial hazardous material incident assessment, hazard isolation, and support for the Department’s hazardous materials response team. The Department maintains daily staffing of four personnel trained to the Hazardous Materials Specialist or Technician level at Station 24 to cross -staff the Department’s Hazardous Materials Response Unit as needed. For larger hazar dous materials responses, they are joined by four personnel from the Burbank Fire Department to form a Type 1 team.
All response personnel are further trained to the Confined Space Awareness and Low-Angle Rope Rescue Operations levels. Beginning February 2024, Station 21 will be staffed daily with four personnel trained to the Trench Rescue Technician level, Confined Sp ace Technician level, low- angle rope rescue, Swiftwater Rescue Technician, and Structural Collapse Specialist 2 levels to cross-staff USAR 21 from Truck 21 as needed.
The Department has automatic mutual aid agreements with the cities of Los Angeles, Burbank, and Pasadena, as well as with the Los Angeles County Fire Department.
1.1.7 Probability of Occurrence
Probability of occurrence refers to the probability of a future hazard occurrence during a specific period. Because the CFAI agency accreditation process requires annual review of an agency’s risk assessment and baseline performance measures, Citygate recommends using the 12 month s City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT)
following the completion of an SOC study as an appropriate period for the probability of occurrence evaluation. The following table describes the five probability of occurrence categories and related characteristics used for this analysis.
Table 5—Probability of Occurrence Categories
Category General Characteristics
General
Frequency
of
Occurrence
Rare • Hazard may occur under exceptional circumstances. > 10 years Unlikely
• Hazard could occur at some time.
• No recorded or anecdotal evidence of occurrence.
• Little opportunity, reason, or means for hazard to occur. 2–10 years
Possible
• Hazard should occur at some time.
• Infrequent, random recorded or anecdotal evidence of occurrence. • Some opportunity, reason, or means for hazard to occur. 1–23
months
Probable
• Hazard will probably occur occasionally.
• Regular recorded or strong anecdotal evidence of occurrence. • Considerable opportunity, reason, or means for hazard to occur. 1–4 weeks
Frequent
• Hazard is expected to occur regularly.
• High level of recorded or anecdotal evidence of regular occurrence. • Strong opportunity, reason, or means for hazard to occur. • Frequent hazard recurrence.
Daily to
weekly
Citygate’s SOC assessments use recent multiple -year hazard response data to determine the probability of hazard occurrence for the ensuing 12-month period.
1.1.8 Impact Extent
Impact extent refers to the probable geographic area and/or number of persons likely to be impacted by a specific hazard occurrence. The following table describes the four impact extent categories and general characteristics used for this analysis.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Community Risk Assessment Page 15
Table 6—Impact Extent Categories
Category General Characteristics
Negligible • Less than 1 percent of planning area likely impacted • No persons impacted
Limited • Less than 10 percent of planning area likely impacted • 1-5 people impacted
Significant • 10-50 percent of planning area likely impacted • 6-50 people impacted
Extensive • More than 50 percent of planning area likely impacted • More than 50 people impacted
1.1.9 Impact Severity
Impact severity refers to the magnitude or reasonably expected loss a hazard occurrence has on people, buildings, lifeline services, the environment, and the community. The following table describes the five consequence severity categories and general characteristics used for this analysis.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT)
Table 7—Impact Severity Categories
Category General Characteristics
Insignificant
• No injuries or fatalities
• None to few persons displaced for short duration
• Little or no personal support required
• None to inconsequential damage
• None to minimal community disruption
• No measurable environmental impacts
• None to minimal financial loss
• No wildland Fire Hazard Severity Zones
Minor
• Few injuries; no fatalities; minor medical treatment only • Some displacement of persons for less than 24 hours
• Some personal support required
• Some minor damage
• Minor community disruption of short duration
• Small environmental impacts with no lasting effects
• Minor financial loss
• No wildland Fire Hazard Severity Zones
Moderate
• Medical treatment required; some hospitalizations; few fatalities • Localized displaced of persons for less than 24 hours • Personal support satisfied with local resources
• Localized damage
• Normal community functioning with some inconvenience
• No measurable environmental impacts with no long-term effects, or small impacts with long-term effect
• Moderate financial loss
• Less than 25% of area in Moderate or High wildland FHSZ Major
• Extensive injuries; significant hospitalizations; many fatalities • Large number of persons displaced for more than 24 hours • External resources required for personal support
• Significant damage
• Significant community disruption; some services not available • Some impact to environment with long-term effects
• Major financial loss with some financial assistance required • More than 25% of area in Moderate or High wildland FHSZ; less than 25% in Very High wildland FHSZ
Extreme
• Large number of severe injuries requiring hospitalization; significant fatalities • General displacement for extended duration
• Extensive personal support required
• Extensive damage
• Community unable to function without significant external support • Significant impact to environment and/or permanent damage • Catastrophic financial loss; unable to function without significant support • More than 50% of area in High wildland FHSZ; more than 25% of area in Very High wildland FHSZ
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Community Risk Assessment Page 17
1.1.10 Overall Risk
Overall risk was determined by considering the probability of occurrence, likely impact extent, and reasonably expected impact severity using to the following tables.
Table 8—Overall Risk Categories – Negligible Impact Extent Probability of
Occurrence
Impact Severity
Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Extreme
Rare Low Low Low Low High
Unlikely Low Low Low Low High
Possible Low Low Low Moderate High
Probable Low Low Low Moderate High
Frequent Low Low Low Moderate High
Table 9—Overall Risk Categories – Limited Impact Extent Probability of
Occurrence
Impact Severity
Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Extreme
Rare Low Low Low Moderate High
Unlikely Low Low Low Moderate High
Possible Low Low Moderate High High
Probable Low Low Moderate High Extreme
Frequent Low Low Moderate High Extreme
Table 10—Overall Risk Categories – Significant Impact Extent Probability of
Occurrence
Impact Severity
Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Extreme
Rare Low Low Low Moderate High
Unlikely Low Low Moderate High High
Possible Low Low Moderate High Extreme
Probable Low Moderate Moderate High Extreme
Frequent Low Moderate High High Extreme
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT)
Table 11—Overall Risk Categories – Extensive Impact Extent Probability of
Occurrence
Impact Severity
Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Extreme
Rare Low Low Moderate High Extreme
Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme
Possible Low Moderate High High Extreme
Probable Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme
Frequent Moderate Moderate High Extreme Extreme
1.1.11 Building Fire Risk
One of the primary hazards in any community is building fire. Building fire risk factors include building size, age, construction type, density, occupancy, and height above ground level; required fire flow; proximity to other buildings; built -in fire prote ction/alarm systems; available fire suppression water supply; building fire service capacity; and fire suppression resource deployment (distribution/concentration), staffing, and response time. In addition, large fires following an earthquake in an urban region, although rare, have the potential to cause great losses. Citygate used available data from the Department and the U.S. Census Bureau to assist in determining the service area’s building fire risk.
The following figure illustrates the building fire progression timeline and shows that flashover, which is the point at which the entire room erupts into fire after all the combustible objects in that room reach their ignition temperature, can occur as ear ly as three to five minutes from the initial ignition. Human survival in a room after flashover is extremely improbable.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Community Risk Assessment Page 19
Figure 3—Building Fire Progression Timeline
Source: http://www.firesprinklerassoc.org
Population Density
Population density within the service area ranges from less than 3,500 to more than 25,000 people per square mile.4 Although risk analysis across a wide spectrum of other Citygate clients shows no direct correlation between population density and building fire occurrence, it is reasonable to conclude that building fire risk relative to potential impact on human life is greater as population density increases, particularly in areas with high-density, multiple-story buildings.
Water Supply
A reliable public water system providing adequate volume, pressure, and flow duration near all buildings is a critical factor in mitigating the potential impact severity of a community’s building fire risk. Potable water is provided by the Glendale Power and Water Department and Crescenta
4 Source: ESRI 2023.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT)
Valley Water District. According to Fire Department staff, available fire flow volume and pressure exceed ISO Class 1 requirements throughout the service area.
Building Fire Service Demand
For the three -year period studied, the service area experienced 243 building fire incidents comprising 0.39 percent of total service demand over the same period, as summarized in the following tables.
Table 12—Building Fire Service Demand
Hazard
Year
Planning Zone
Station
21 Station
22 Station
23 Station
24 Station
25 Station
26 Building
Fire
RY 20/21 15 10 1 7 7 10
RY 21/22 11 7 0 6 10 9
RY 22/23 9 5 0 3 9 7
Total 35 22 1 16 26 26
Percent of Total Station Service Demand 0.29% 0.24% 0.12% 0.51% 0.24% 0.29%
Hazard
Year
Planning Zone
Total
Percent
Total
Annual
Service
Demand
Station
27 Station
28 Station
29 Other
Building
Fire
RY 20/21 13 4 5 6 78 0.41%
RY 21/22 8 8 1 17 77 0.37%
RY 22/23 11 4 1 39 88 0.40%
Total 32 16 7 62 243 0.39%
Percent of Total Station Service Demand 0.39% 0.66% 0.23% 1.71%
Building Fire Risk Assessment
The following table summarizes Citygate’s assessment of the service area’s building fire risk by planning zone.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Community Risk Assessment Page 21
Table 13—Building Fire Risk Assessment
Vegetation / Wildland
Fire Risk
Planning Zone
Station 21 Station 22 Station 23 Station 24 Station 25
Probability of Occurrence Probable Possible Possible Possible Possible Impact Extent Significant Significant Limited Limited Significant Impact Severity Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Overall Risk Rating Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Vegetation / Wildland
Fire Risk
Planning Zone
Station 26 Station 27 Station 28 Station 29
Probability of Occurrence Possible Probable Possible Possible Impact Extent Significant Significant Limited Significant Impact Severity Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Overall Risk Rating Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
1.1.12 Vegetation/Wildland Fire Risk5
Many areas within and adjacent to the service area are susceptible to a vegetation/wildland fire.
Vegetation/wildland fire risk factors include vegetative fuel types and configuration, weather, topography, prior fires, water supply, mitigation measures, and ve getation/wildland fire service capacity.
Wildland Fire Hazard Severity Zones
CAL FIRE designates wildland Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ) throughout the state based on analysis of multiple wildland fire hazard factors and modeling of potential wildland fire behavior.
For State Responsibility Areas (SRAs) where CAL FIRE has fiscal responsibility for wildland fire protection, CAL FIRE designates Moderate, High, and Very High FHSZs by county.
CAL FIRE also identifies recommended Very High FHSZs for Local Responsibility Areas (LRAs) where the local jurisdiction is responsible for wildland fire protection, including incorporated cities, as shown in red in the following map for Glendale.
5 Source: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, City of Glendale California.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT)
Figure 4—LRA Very High Wildland Fire Hazard Severity Zones
In addition, the Department has established four fire zones that require property owners to conduct vegetation mitigations to reduce wildland fire danger.
Vegetative Fuels
Vegetative fuel factors influencing fire intensity and spread include fuel type (vegetation species), height, arrangement, density, and moisture. In addition to decorative landscape species, vegetative fuels within the service area consist of a mix of annual grasses and weeds, invasive species, and
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Community Risk Assessment Page 23
mixed scrub brush and chaparral. Once ignited, vegetation fires can burn intensely and contribute to rapid fire spread under the right fuel, weather, and topographic conditions.
Weather
Weather elements, including temperature, relative humidity, wind, and lightning, also affect vegetation/wildland fire potential and behavior. High temperatures and low relative humidity dry out vegetative fuels, creating a situation where fuels will more r eadily ignite and burn more intensely. Wind is the most significant weather factor influencing vegetation/wildland fire behavior, with higher wind speeds increasing fire spread and intensity. Fuel and weather conditions most conducive to vegetation/wildfires generally occur from late June through October when the “Santa Ana” winds are typical. However, above -normal temperatures and drought can increase that period on either end.
Topography
Vegetation/wildland fires tend to burn more intensely and spread faster when burning uphill and up-canyon, except for a wind-driven downhill or down-canyon fire. The parts of the service area with hilly terrain contribute more to vegetation/wildland fire b ehavior and spread. The Verdugo Mountains, San Rafael Hills and San Gabriel Mountains not only facilitate fire spread but also hinder fire department response of personnel and equipment. Many streets are of insufficient width because they were constructed prior to improved street design and fire department access standards.
Water Supply
Another significant vegetation fire consequence severity factor is water supply immediately available for fire suppression. According to Fire Department staff, available fire flow and hydrant spacing is adequate throughout the service area.
Wildland Fire History
Several wildland fires have impacted the City over the years including the La Tuna Fire in 2017, and the College Hills Fire in 1990 that destroyed 64 homes.
Vegetation/Wildland Fire Hazard Mitigation
Hazard mitigation refers to specific actions or measures taken to prevent a hazard from occurring or to minimize the severity of impacts resulting from a hazard occurrence. While none of the hazards subject to this study can be entirely prevented, measures can be taken to minimize the impacts when those hazards do occur. In addition to requiring fire-resistive construction materials and methods in High Fire Hazard Areas, City departments have completed or are continuing the following wildfire mitigation measures:6
6 Source: City of Glendale Water & Power Wildfire Mitigation Plan 2022 and Fire Prevention Division.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT)
Fire code inspection and plan review of proposed development ➢ Required Class A roof coverings.
➢ Fire Sprinklers for residential new construction and substantial remodel of existing homes.
➢ Annual vegetation inspection of over 9000 parcels.
Public Education and Hazard Abatement Notices
➢ Placement of livestock (goats) in rugged areas in need of vegetation abatement.
➢ Vegetation management and fuel modification (approved landscape plantings)
Glendale Power and Water Operation and Maintenance
➢ Emphasis on vegetation contacts and equipment failure related to Glendale Water and Power distribution lines.
➢ De-energizing plan for Bel Aire -Montrose overhead line during Red Flag Warnings or similar conditions.
Vegetation/Wildland Fire Service Demand
Over the three -year study period, the Department responded to 125 vegetation/wildfires comprising 0.20 percent of total service demand over the same period, as summarized in the following tables.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Community Risk Assessment Page 25
Table 14—Vegetation/Wildland Fire Service Demand
Hazard
Year
Planning Zone
Station
21 Station
22 Station
23 Station
24 Station
25 Station
26 Vegetation /
Wildland Fire
RY 20/21 2 1 1 1 6 3
RY 21/22 3 2 1 0 2 3
RY 22/23 4 3 0 0 1 2
Total 9 6 2 1 9 8
Percent of Total Station Service Demand 0.08% 0.07% 0.25% 0.03% 0.08% 0.09%
Hazard
Year
Planning Zone
Total
Percent
Total
Annual
Service
Demand
Station
27 Station
28 Station
29 Other
Vegetation /
Wildland Fire
RY 20/21 4 2 0 36 56 0.30%
RY 21/22 3 0 0 31 45 0.21%
RY 22/23 1 1 1 11 24 0.11%
Total 8 3 1 78 125 0.20%
Percent of Total Station Service Demand 0.10% 0.12% 0.03% 2.15%
Vegetation/Wildland Fire Risk Assessment
The following table summarizes Citygate’s assessment of the service area’s vegetation/wildland fire risk by planning zone.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT)
Table 15—Vegetation/Wildland Fire Risk Assessment
Vegetation / Wildland
Fire Risk
Planning Zone
Station 21 Station 22 Station 23 Station 24 Station 25
Probability of Occurrence Possible Possible Possible Possible Possible Impact Extent Negligible Negligible Limited Limited Limited Impact Severity Moderate Moderate Major Major Major
Overall Risk Rating Low Low High High High
Vegetation / Wildland
Fire Risk
Planning Zone
Station 26 Station 27 Station 28 Station 29
Probability of Occurrence Possible Possible Possible Possible Impact Extent Significant Significant Significant Significant Impact Severity Major Major Major Major
Overall Risk Rating High High High High
1.1.13 Medical Emergency Risk
Medical emergency risk in most communities is predominantly a function of population density, demographics, violence, health insurance coverage, and vehicle traffic.
Medical emergency risk can also be categorized as either a medical emergency resulting from a traumatic injury or a health -related condition or event. Cardiac arrest is one serious medical emergency among many where there is an interruption or blockage of oxygen to the brain.
The following figure illustrates the reduced survivability of a cardiac arrest victim as time to defibrillation increases. While early defibrillation is one factor in cardiac arrest survivability, other factors can influence survivability as well, such as early CPR and pre-hospital ALS interventions.
City of Glendale, CA
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Figure 5—Survival Rate versus Time to Defibrillation
Population Density
Population density in the service area ranges from less than 3,500 to more than 25,000 people per square mile, as shown in Map #2a (Volume 3—Map Atlas). Risk analysis across a wide spectrum of other Citygate clients shows a direct correlation between population density and the occurrence of medical emergencies, particularly in high urban population density zones.
Demographics
Medical emergency risk tends to be higher among older, poorer, less educated, and uninsured populations. As shown in Table 2, 20 percent of the service area population is age 65 or older; 10 percent of the population over 24 years of age has less than a high school education or equivalent; just under 14 percent of the population is at or below poverty level; and 8.5 percent of the population does not have health insurance coverage.7
7 Source: ESRI and US Census Bureau.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT)
Vehicle Traffic
Medical emergency risk tends to be higher in areas of a community with high daily vehicle traffic volume, particularly areas with high traffic volume traveling at high speeds. The service area’s transportation network includes the Golden State Freeway (I -5), Glendale Freeway (SR -2), Ventura Freeway (SR134) and the Foothill Freeway (I-210) carrying an aggregate annual average daily traffic volume of more than 571,000 vehicles.8
Medical Emergency Service Demand
Medical emergency service demand over the three-year study period includes nearly 49,000 calls for service comprising nearly 79 percent of total service demand over the same period, as summarized in the following table.
Table 16—Medical Emergency Service Demand
Hazard
Year
Planning Zone
Station
21 Station
22 Station
23 Station
24 Station
25 Station
26 Medical
Emergency
RY 20/21 2,744 2,359 174 679 2,765 2,244
RY 21/22 3,210 2,551 193 845 3,152 2,447
RY 22/23 3,550 2,731 215 781 3,125 2,410
Total 9,504 7,641 582 2,305 9,042 7,101
Percent of Total Station Service Demand 79.74% 84.11% 71.67% 73.97% 83.02% 79.44%
Hazard
Year
Planning Zone
Total
Percent
Total
Annual
Service
Demand
Station
27 Station
28 Station
29 Other
Medical
Emergency
RY 20/21 2,059 577 722 325 14,648 77.49%
RY 21/22 2,334 581 782 499 16,594 78.88%
RY 22/23 2,437 657 915 836 17,657 79.49%
Total 6,830 1,815 2,419 1,660 48,899 78.68%
Percent of Total Station Service Demand 82.62% 74.45% 79.18% 45.72%
As the table shows, medical emergency service demand varies significantly by planning zone but has increased overall by nearly 20 percent over the three-year study period.
8 Source: Traffic Census Program | Caltrans: Glendale 2021.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Community Risk Assessment Page 29
Medical Emergency Risk Assessment
The following table summarizes Citygate’s assessment of the service areas medical emergency risk by planning zone.
Table 17—Medical Emergency Risk Assessment
Medical Emergency
Risk
Planning Zone
Station 21 Station 22 Station 23 Station 24 Station 25
Probability of Occurrence Frequent Frequent Frequent Frequent Frequent Impact Extent Limited Limited Limited Limited Limited
Impact Severity Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Overall Risk Rating Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Medical Emergency
Risk
Planning Zone
Station 26 Station 27 Station 28 Station 29
Probability of Occurrence Frequent Frequent Frequent Frequent Impact Extent Limited Limited Limited Limited
Impact Severity Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Overall Risk Rating Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
1.1.14 Hazardous Material Risk
Hazardous material risk factors include fixed facilities that store, use, or produce hazardous chemicals or waste; underground pipelines conveying hazardous materials; aviation, railroad, maritime, and vehicle transportation of hazardous commodities into o r through a jurisdiction; vulnerable populations; emergency evacuation planning and related training; and specialized hazardous material service capacity.
Fixed Hazardous Materials Facilities
The Glendale Fire Prevention Division identified 608 sites requiring a state or County hazardous material operating permit or Hazardous Materials Business Plan. In addition, several SoCalGas high-pressure natural gas distribution pipelines are located throughout the service area.
Transportation-Related Hazardous Materials
The service area also has transportation -related hazardous material risk because of its road transportation network, including the Golden State Freeway (I -5), Glendale Freeway (SR -2), City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT)
Ventura Freeway (SR134) and the Foothill Freeway (I-210) carrying an aggregate annual average daily truck traffic volume of nearly 60,000 commercial vehicles as summarized in the following table, some of which are transporting hazardous commodities.9 Table 18—Average Annual Daily Traffic Volume
Highway Crossing
Truck AADT1 by Axles
2 3 4 5+
5 JCT. RTE. 2 3,510 1,194 389 8,218
134 JCT. RTE. 2 2,079 762 247 1,682
210 JCT. RTE. 2 2,537 1,007 508 5,689
Total 18,903 5,345 2,110 33,479
Average Annual Daily Trips
Source: California Department of Transportation
The City also has transportation -related hazardous material risk due to hundreds of train movements along the southwestern border of the City daily, many of which are transporting hazardous commodities.
Population Density
Because hazardous material emergencies have the potential to adversely impact human health, it is logical that the higher the population density, the greater the potential population exposed to a hazardous material release or spill. As shown in Map #2 a (Volume 3—Map Atlas), the service area population density ranges from less than 3,500 to more than 25,000 people per square mile.
Vulnerable Populations
Persons vulnerable to a hazardous material release/spill include individuals or groups unable to self-evacuate, generally including children under the age of 10, the elderly, and persons confined to an institution or other setting where they are unable to leave voluntarily. As shown in Table 2, nearly 29 percent of the population is under age 10 or is 65 years and older.
Emergency Evacuation Planning, Training, Implementation, and Effectiveness Another significant hazardous material consequence severity factor is a jurisdiction’s shelter -in- place / emergency evacuation planning and training. In the event of a hazardous material release or spill, time can be a critical factor in notifying potentia lly affected persons, particularly at -risk populations, to either shelter-in-place or evacuate to a safe location. Essential to this process is an effective emergency plan that incorporates one or more mass emergency notification capabilities, as well as p re-established evacuation procedures. It is also essential to conduct regular, periodic
9 Source: Traffic Census Program | Caltrans: Glendale 2021.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Community Risk Assessment Page 31
exercises involving these two emergency plan elements to evaluate readiness and to identify and remediate any planning or training gaps to ensure ongoing emergency incident readiness and effectiveness.
The City has a formal evacuation plan in Annex H of the Glendale Emergency Plan, with periodic exercises to ensure familiarity and effective utilization.10 The City also has a free subscription and reverse 9-1-1-based mass emergency notification system (Everbridge) that is used to provide emergency alerts, notifications, and other emergency information to email accounts, cell phones, smartphones, tablets, and landline telephones. Federal Communications Commi ssion Wireless Emergency Alerts and Departmental social media (Facebook, Twitter) are also used to provide emergency notifications and information to the public. The Glendale Office of Emergency Management also conducts Emergency Operations Center trainin g at least quarterly but has not recently conducted an exercise.
Hazardous Material Service Demand
The service area experienced 561 hazardous material incidents over the three -year study period, comprising 0. 9 percent of total service demand over the same period, as summarized in the following tables.
10 Annex H – City of Glendale Emergency Plan (2008).
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT)
Table 19—Hazardous Material Service Demand
Hazard
Year
Planning Zone
Station
21 Station
22 Station
23 Station
24 Station
25 Station
26 Hazardous
Material
RY 20/21 18 20 2 17 26 35
RY 21/22 31 24 6 17 35 38
RY 22/23 37 21 2 11 46 25
Total 86 65 10 45 107 98
Percent of Total Station Service Demand 0.72% 0.72% 1.23% 1.44% 0.98% 1.10%
Hazard
Year
Planning Zone
Total
Percent
Total
Annual
Service
Demand
Station
27 Station
28 Station
29 Other
Hazardous
Material
RY 20/21 22 10 6 5 161 0.85%
RY 21/22 26 4 11 9 201 0.96%
RY 22/23 23 9 12 13 199 0.90%
Total 71 23 29 27 561 0.90%
Percent of Total Station Service Demand 0.86% 0.94% 0.95% 0.74%
Hazardous Material Risk Assessment
The following table summarizes Citygate’s assessment of the service area’s hazardous materials risk by planning zone.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Community Risk Assessment Page 33
Table 20—Hazardous Materials Risk Assessment
Hazardous Material
Risk
Planning Zone
Station 21 Station 22 Station 23 Station 24 Station 25
Probability of Occurrence Possible Possible Possible Possible Probable Impact Extent Limited Significant Limited Limited Limited Impact Severity Moderate- Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Overall Risk Rating Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Hazardous Material
Risk
Planning Zone
Station 26 Station 27 Station 28 Station 29
Probability of Occurrence Probable Possible Possible Possible Impact Extent Limited Significant Significant Limited
Impact Severity Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Overall Risk Rating Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
1.1.15 Technical Rescue Risk
Technical rescue risk factors include active construction projects; structural collapse potential; confined spaces, such as tanks and underground vaults; bodies of water, including rivers and streams; industrial machinery use; transportation volume; and earthquake, flood, and landslide potential.
Construction Activity
There is ongoing residential, commercial, industrial, and infrastructure construction activity within the City.
Confined Spaces
There are multiple confined spaces within the City, including tanks, vaults, and open trenches.
Transportation Volume
Another technical rescue risk factor is transportation -related incidents requiring technical rescue.
This risk factor is primarily a function of vehicle, railway, maritime, and aviation traffic. Vehicle traffic volume is the greatest of these factors within the service area, with the Golden State Freeway City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT)
(I-5), Glendale Freeway (SR -2), Ventura Freeway (SR134) and the Foothill Freeway (I -210) carrying an aggregate annual average daily traffic volume of more than 571,000 vehicles.11 Earthquake Risk12
According to the City’s Hazard Mitigation Action Plan, there are several major faults nearby capable of producing damaging earthquakes affecting Glendale including the San Andreas. Sandy soils found in the service area increase the likelihood liquefaction and subsequent structure displacement as well. convergence of the Juan de Fuca and North American tectonic plates puts the service area at risk for a catastrophic magnitude 9 or higher earthquake. Known seismic faults within the service area include:
Sierra Madre
Hollywood
Verdugo
Raymond
Of these, earthquakes originating from the Sierra Madre and Verdugo faults have the potential to cause the most significant damages to the City.
Slope Failure13
Soil conditions on the foothills are vulnerable to erosion , especially when exposed to seasonal rainfall post-wildfire. The sandy slopes are also susceptible to movement with seismic events.
These prone conditions are in the presences of structures built upon them or along their failure path in many neighborhoods in the service area.
Flood Risk14
Many drainage areas within the City that are subject to seasonal peak flows have been channelized including most of the Verdugo Wash to reduce the potential for flooding in the urban areas.
Technical Rescue Service Demand
The Department responded to 743 technical rescue incidents over the three -year study period, comprising 1.20 percent of total service demand for the same period, as summarized in the following tables.
11 Source: Traffic Census Program | Caltrans: Glendale 2021. 12 Source: 2019 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan City of Glendale California. 13 Ibid.
14 Source: 2019 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan City of Glendale, California, Section 2.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Community Risk Assessment Page 35
Table 21—Technical Rescue Service Demand
Hazard
Year
Planning Zone
Station
21 Station
22 Station
23 Station
24 Station
25 Station
26 Technical
Rescue
RY 20/21 40 20 3 11 28 45
RY 21/22 61 9 1 11 23 43
RY 22/23 66 17 0 10 39 52
Total 167 46 4 32 90 140
Percent of Total Station Service Demand 1.40% 0.51% 0.49% 1.03% 0.83% 1.57%
Hazard
Year
Planning Zone
Total
Percent
Total
Annual
Service
Demand
Station
27 Station
28 Station
29 Other
Technical
Rescue
RY 20/21 14 10 10 39 220 1.16%
RY 21/22 24 9 10 37 228 1.08%
RY 22/23 26 8 8 69 295 1.33%
Total 64 27 28 145 743 1.20%
Percent of Total Station Service Demand 0.77% 1.11% 0.92% 3.99%
Technical Rescue Risk Assessment
The following table summarizes Citygate’s assessment of the service area’s technical rescue risk by planning zone.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT)
Table 22—Technical Rescue Risk Assessment
Technical Rescue
Risk
Planning Zone
Station 21 Station 22 Station 23 Station 24 Station 25
Probability of Occurrence Probable Possible- Possible Possible Probable Impact Extent Limited Limited Limited Limited Limited
Impact Severity Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Overall Risk Rating Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Technical Rescue
Risk
Planning Zone
Station 26 Station 27 Station 28 Station 29
Probability of Occurrence Possible Possible Probable Possible Impact Extent Limited Limited Limited Limited
Impact Severity Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Overall Risk Rating Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
1.1.16 Marine Incident Risk
Surface water rescue incident risk factors primarily include citizens commuting and proximal recreational activities within the service area coinciding with rain events.
Waterways
Bodies of water and seasonal waterways within the service area that collect rainfall from the mountain canyons, collect in the 9.4-mile Verdugo Wash and the Burbank Western Channel before emptying into the Los Angeles River and an 11-mile section of parkland known as The Glendale Narrows which the department has mutual aid responsibilities.
Historic Incidents
Some of the largest flood incidents occurred after large wildfire incidents where large amounts of mud and debris created drainage impediments that contributed to a great deal of damage. Rainfall patterns will change, with drier springs and summers and wetter winters. The concentration of rainfall over short periods will increase the likelihood of inland flooding17.
Water Rescue Service Capacity
The Department’s marine safety service capacity includes 4 swift water rescue technicians constantly staffed at Fire Station 22 primarily using reach, throw and inflatable rescue boat tactics City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT) Community Risk Assessment Page 37
along the narrow drainage channels. Additional resources include (4) Pasadena Fire Department swift water rescue technicians through mutual aid agreement.
Water Rescue Service Demand
Over three-year study period, the Department responded to 12 marine incidents, comprising 0.02 percent of total service demand for the same period, as summarized in the following tables.
Table 23—Water Rescue Service Demand
Hazard
Year
Planning Zone
Station
21 Station
22 Station
23 Station
24 Station
25 Station
26 Marine
Incident
RY 20/21 0 0 0 0 0 0
RY 21/22 1 0 0 0 0 1
RY 22/23 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 1 0 0 0 0 1
Percent of Total Station Service Demand 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01%
Hazard
Year
Planning Zone
Total
Percent
Total
Annual
Service
Demand
Station
27 Station
28 Station
29 Other
Marine
Incident
RY 20/21 1 2 0 0 3 0.02%
RY 21/22 0 0 0 1 3 0.01%
RY 22/23 0 2 1 3 6 0.03%
Total 1 4 1 4 12 0.02%
Percent of Total Station Service Demand 0.01% 0.16% 0.03% 0.11%
Marine Incident Risk Assessment
The following table summarizes Citygate’s assessment of the service area’s marine risk by planning zone.
City of Glendale, CA
Fire Services Master Plan Vol. 2 – Community Risk Assessment (DRAFT REPORT)
Table 24—Marine Incident Risk Assessment
Marine Incident
Risk
Planning Zone
Station 21 Station 22 Station 23 Station 24 Station 25
Probability of Occurrence Unlikely Rare Rare Rare Rare
Impact Extent Limited Limited Limited Limited Limited
Impact Severity Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Overall Risk Rating Low Low Low Low Low
Marine Incident
Risk
Planning Zone
Station 26 Station 27 Station 28 Station 29
Probability of Occurrence Unlikely Unlikely Unlikely Unlikely Impact Extent Limited Limited Limited Limited
Impact Severity Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Overall Risk Rating Low Low Low Low