Public Comment Received — Goleta City Council, July 15, 2025

From: David Cutaia
To: David Cutaia
Subject: Public Comment Received
Date: Monday, July 14, 2025 11:21:30 AM

Goleta City Councilmembers,

One of the projects CFEC undertakes is to track the results of any Project Labor Agreement (PLA) that an entity was foolish enough to put into place. We then take these inevitable failures and use them to warn others who might be considering a PLA what it is they can expect.

Here is just a taste of recent catastrophic failures. There are many more where these came from.

Please keep these in mind when you take the PLA issue up on Tuesday.

UPDATE!: Why San Francisco is Now Paying $1.7 Million for a Toilet Under a Union-Only Project Labor Agreement. (constantcontact.com)

PLA Failure: How a CA school district's bids compared when union PLA was used and then not used. Amazing! (constantcontact.com)

Project Labor Agreement (PLA) Failure: City of Sacramento Had to Exclude Entire Trades from PLA Because of No Bidders. (constantcontact.com)

Project Labor Agreement Failure: College in Los Angeles sees union PLA add 100%(!) to cost of project. Winning bidder admits it was due to PLA. (constantcontact.com)

Project Labor Agreement Failure: City in Northern California can't get one bidder because of the union PLA. (constantcontact.com)

Union Project Labor Agreement Failure: City will now be paying $500,00 just to administer their PLA. (constantcontact.com)

San Diego Union-Only Project Labor Agreement Leads to $17 Million Cost Increase on "Affordable" Housing Project! (constantcontact.com)

City in San Diego Throws Out Union-Only PLA and Re-Bids Project with NO PLA! (constantcontact.com)

THREE Union PLA Failures This Week!: Ventura County/San Diego County Water Authority/City of Buena Park (constantcontact.com)

Another union Project Labor Agreement (PLA) failure in California: City of Watsonville received ONE BID that's 40% over estimate! (constantcontact.com)

BREAKING! Another California City Throws Out Union-PLA & Bids Project PLA Free! (constantcontact.com)

Eric Christen
Executive Director
Coalition for Fair Employment in Construction
www.opencompca.com
[email protected]
858-431-6337

From: Kelly Perez <[email protected]>
Sent: Monday, July 14, 2025 1:20 PM
To: Paula Perotte <[email protected]>; Stuart Kasdin <[email protected]>; Luz Reyes-Martin <[email protected]>; James Kyriaco <[email protected]>; Jennifer Smith <[email protected]>
Cc: Administration - PW <[email protected]>; Robert Nisbet <[email protected]>; [email protected]
Subject: Project Labor Agreement Opposition
CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

Goleta City Council Members,
My background is 100% construction for the past 40 years. I do not have a personal preference for Union or Non-Union companies and have worked for both over the years. My husband was a Teamster, and my son-in-law is in the Plumbers and Pipe Fitters. Not all employees want to join unions, it’s a matter of personal preference.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics 85.5% of workers in California do not belong to a union.

Only 14.5% of California workers are affiliated with unions (See page 12 “Table 5” of the attached BLS Survey). The BLS survey shows on a national level the construction industry only has 10.3% of the work force as union members (Page 8, “Table 3”). This would be a dramatic reduction in competitive bidding for any public organization agreeing to PLA only bidding practices.

To be fiscally
responsible, you could bid your project with a PLA and without a PLA to see what the true cost difference is and make an educated decision at that point.

PLA’s are only beneficial to union
employees which are a small percentage of the construction workforce and are extremely detrimental to the employees not signatory to a union.

Under a PLA agreement non-union employees would be required to temporarily join the union. The approximately $20 per hour the non-union contractor pays in fringe benefits to either the employee on their check or into a 401K which is 100% vested, would instead go to the union trust funds which the employee is not vested in and typically can’t vest for 5 years.

This means the non-union
employee loses approximately $20 per hour ($41,600 per year, minimum), never to be seen again (see attached Santa Barbara wage determination).

Our employees can borrow from their 401K for
down payments on a home and many have realized home ownership with these funds. Additionally, none of the non-union apprentices are allowed to work on a PLA. Many of these apprentices live in the Goleta area and would not be allowed to work on City of Goleta projects in their hometown.

They have been working in approved apprenticeship programs to learn their trade and are then ineligible to work on PLA projects.

This is neither fair nor makes any sense as most of our apprentices are Hispanic or Black and are being excluded from working in their chosen trade.

On all public works projects there is a wage determination which dictates the pay scale all contractors must pay.

This pay scale is closely based on the union pay scale for each construction trade.

Since all contractors must pay the same wage and fringe amounts per the wage determination, what is the purpose of a PLA?

The outcome of a PLA is that 89.7% of the workforce is
excluded from working on these projects which creates a non-competitive environment.

No one
wins when there isn’t any competition.

Another issue of a PLA is medical benefits.

Unions require an employee to work more than 100
hours (I’m not sure of the exact amount) before they can join the medical insurance plans offered.

Either the non-union contractor must pay double insurance premiums to keep their employees on the PLA insured or the employee would be required to pay their own premiums through COBRA.

Then there is also the issue when changing medical plans of having to change doctors for your entire family during the PLA project, then switching back after the project is completed.

Additionally, just
because you are working on a yearlong project doesn't mean your trade will be on the project the entire duration of the project.

This creates a scenario where employees could be bouncing between COBRA and union insurance multiple times during a project.

It would be a nightmare for the both
the employees and the employers.

Due to the loss of wages and the medical insurance issue for our employees, Blum & Sons Electric, does not under any circumstances bid on PLA projects.

In our opinion, they do more harm than
good for the employees that are just trying to get ahead and take care of their own.

We strongly
urge you to not agree to a PLA for the City of Goleta.

It will only harm your constituents both the
taxpayers and the workers.

Please do not hesitate to contact me 805-331-5109 if you have any questions or would like to discuss in greater detail.

Thank you for your time and consideration.

Sincerely,
Kelly Perez
Controller
[email protected]
606 Linden Avenue
Carpinteria, CA 93013
License 494283 C-10
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For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, January 28, 2025 USDL-25-0105 T
echnical information: (202) 691-6378 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • [email protected] UNION MEMBERS — 2024
Th
e union membership rate—the percent of wage and salary workers who were members of unions—was 9.9 percent in 2024, little changed from the prior year, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The number of wage and salary workers belonging to unions, at 14.3 million, also showed little movement over the year. In 1983, the first year for which comparable data are available, the union membership rate was 20.1 percent and there were 17.7 million union members.

T
hese data on union membership are collected as part of the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households that obtains information on employment and unemployment among the nation’s civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over. For further information, see the Technical Note in this news release.

H
ighlights from the 2024 data:
• T
he union membership rate of public-sector workers (32.2 percent) continued to be more than five times higher than the rate of private-sector workers (5.9 percent). (See table 3.) • T
he highest unionization rates were among workers in education, training, and library occupations (32.3 percent) and protective service occupations (29.6 percent). (See table 3.) • M
en continued to have a higher union membership rate (10.2 percent) than women (9.5 percent). (See table 1.)
• B
lack workers remained more likely to be union members than White, Asian, and Hispanic workers. (See table 1.)
• N
onunion workers had median weekly earnings that were 85 percent of earnings for workers who were union members ($1,138 versus $1,337). (The comparisons of earnings in this news release are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can be important in explaining earnings differences.) (See table 2.)
-2-
• Among states, Hawaii and New York had the highest union membership rates (26.5 percent and 20.6 percent, respectively), while the lowest rates were in North Carolina (2.4 percent), South Dakota (2.7 percent), and South Carolina (2.8 percent). (See table 5 and chart 1.) I
ndustry and Occupation of Union Members
I
n 2024, the number of employees who belonged to unions was similar in the public sector (7.0 million) and the private sector (7.2 million). The number of private-sector union members declined by 184,000 in 2024, offsetting the increase in 2023. The number of public-sector union members changed little in 2024. (See table 3.)
T
he public-sector union membership rate, at 32.2 percent, also changed little over the year. The union membership rate continued to be highest in local government (38.2 percent), which employs many workers in heavily unionized occupations, such as police officers, firefighters, and teachers.

T
he union membership rate in the private sector declined by 0.1 percentage point over the year to 5.9 percent. Industries with the highest unionization rates in 2024 included utilities (18.7 percent), transportation and warehousing (15.8 percent), and educational services (13.2 percent).

The lowest unionization rates occurred in finance (0.8 percent), insurance (1.2 percent), professional and technical services (1.2 percent), agricultural and related industries (1.4 percent), and food services and drinking places (1.6 percent).

A
mong occupational groups, the highest union membership rates in 2024 were in education, training, and library occupations (32.3 percent), protective service occupations (29.6 percent), and construction and extraction occupations (15.4 percent). Membership rates were lowest in farming, fishing, and forestry occupations (1.5 percent) and in sales and related occupations (2.7 percent).

S
elected Characteristics of Union Members
I
n 2024, the unionization rate for women was unchanged over the year at 9.5 percent, and the number of women who were union members changed little at 6.6 million. Meanwhile, the unionization rate for men declined by 0.3 percentage point to 10.2 percent, and the number of men who were union members declined by 216,000 to 7.6 million. The gap between union membership rates for men and women has narrowed considerably since 1983, when rates for men and women were 24.7 percent and 14.6 percent, respectively. (See table 1.) A
mong the major race and ethnicity groups, Black workers continued to have a higher union membership rate in 2024 (11.8 percent) than White workers (9.6 percent), Asian workers (8.5 percent), and Hispanic workers (8.5 percent). Over the year, the union membership rate was unchanged for Black workers, while it declined for White (-0.2 percentage point) and Hispanic (-0.5 percentage point) workers. The rate increased by 0.7 percentage point for Asian workers.

B
y age, workers ages 45 to 54 had the highest union membership rate in 2024, at 12.6 percent.

Younger workers—those ages 16 to 24—had the lowest union membership rate, at 4.3 percent. -3-
In 2024, the union membership rate continued to be higher for full-time workers (10.7 percent) than for part-time workers (5.7 percent). Over the year, the rate for full-time workers declined by 0.2 percentage point, while the rate for part-time workers increased by 0.5 percentage point.

Union Representation

In 2024, 16.0 million wage and salary workers were represented by a union, little changed from 2023. The percentage of workers represented by a union was 11.1 percent in 2024, also little different than a year earlier. Workers represented by a union include both union members (14.3 million) and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union contract (1.8 million). (See table 1.)

Earnings

Among full-time wage and salary workers, union members had median usual weekly earnings of $1,337 in 2024, while nonunion workers had median usual weekly earnings of $1,138. In addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, these earnings differences reflect a variety of factors, including variations in the distributions of union members and nonunion employees by occupation, industry, age, firm size, or geographic region. (See tables 2 and 4.)

Union Membership by State

In 2024, 30 states had union membership rates below the U.S. average (9.9 percent), while 20 states and the District of Columbia had rates above it. All states in both the East South Central and West South Central divisions had union membership rates below the national average, while all states in both the Middle Atlantic and Pacific divisions had rates above it. (See table 5 and chart 1.)

Ten states had union membership rates below 5.0 percent in 2024. North Carolina had the lowest rate (2.4 percent). The next lowest rates were in South Dakota and South Carolina (2.7 percent and 2.8 percent, respectively). Two states had union membership rates over 20.0 percent in 2024:

Hawaii (26.5 percent) and New York (20.6 percent).

In 2024, about 29 percent of the 14.3 million union members lived in just two states (California at 2.4 million and New York at 1.7 million). However, these two states accounted for 17 percent of wage and salary employment nationally.

Technical Note
The estimates in this release are obtained from the
Current Population Survey (CPS), which provides
basic information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment. The survey is conducted monthly for
the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census
Bureau from a scientifically selected national sample
of about 60,000 eligible households. The union
membership and earnings data are tabulated from one-
quarter of the CPS monthly sample and are limited to
wage and salary workers. All self -employed workers
are excluded.

Beginning in January of each year, data reflect
revised population controls used in the CPS.

Additional information about population controls is
available on the BLS website at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop.

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech
disability, please dial 7 -1-1 to access
telecommunications relay services.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample,
rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the
true population values they represent. The exa ct
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the
particular sample selected, and this variability is
measured by the standard error of the estimate. There
is about a 90- percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample wil l differ by no
more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population
value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are
generally conducted at the 90- percent level of
confidence. The state section of this release preserves the long-time practice of highlig hting the state union membership rates and levels regardless of their
statistical significance.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,
including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all
respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information, and
errors made in the collection or processing of the data.

Information about the reliability of data from the
CPS and guidance on estimating standard errors is
available at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Union membership questions

Employed wage and salary workers are classified as
union members if they answer “yes” to the following
question: On this job, are you a member of a labor
union or of an employee association similar to a
union? If the response is “no” to that question, then the interviewer asks a second question: On this job, are
you covered by a union or employee association
contract? If the response is “yes”, then these persons, along with those who responded “yes” to being union
members, are classified as represented by a union. If
the response is “no” to both the first and second
questions, then they are classified as nonunion.

Definitions

The principal definitions used in this release are
described briefly below.

Union members . Data refer to members of a labor
union or an employee association similar to a union.

Union membership rate. Data refer to the proportion
of total wage and salary workers who are union
members.

Represented by unions . Data refer to both union
members and workers who report no union affiliation
but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee
association contract.

Nonunion. Data refer to workers who are neither
members of a union nor represented by a union on their
job.

Usual weekly earnings . Data represent earnings
before taxes and other deductions and include any
overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received
(at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders).

Prior to 1994, respondents were asked how much they
usually earned per week. Since January 1994,
respondents have been asked to identify the easiest
way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly,
biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, other)
and how much they usually earn in the reported time
period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly
are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term "usual"
is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent
asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are
instructed to define the term as more than half of the
weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.

Median earnings. The median is the amount which

divides a given earnings distribution into two equal
groups, one having earnings above the median and the
other having earnings below the median. The
estimating procedure places each reported or
calculated weekly earnings value into $50-wide
intervals which are centered around multiples of $50.

The actual value is estimated through the linear
interpolation of the interval in which the median lies.

Wage and salary workers. Workers who receive
wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group includes employees in both the
private and public sectors. Union membership and
earnings data exclude all self-employed workers, both

those with incorporated businesses as well as those
with unincorporated businesses.

Full-time workers . Workers who usually work 35
hours or more per week at their sole or principal job.

Part-time workers. Workers who usually work fewer
than 35 hours per week at their sole or principal job.

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. Refers to persons who
identified themselves in the enumeration process as
being Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino. Persons whose
ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Table 1. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, 2023-2024 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic
2023 2024
Total
employed
Members
of
unions1
Represented
by unions 2
Total
employed
Members
of
unions1
Represented
by unions 2
Total
Percent
of
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,541 14,424 10.0 16,193 11.2 144,522 14,255 9.9 16,023 11.1 16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,759 863 4.4 1,023 5.2 19,213 832 4.3 1,035 5.4 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,782 13,561 10.9 15,170 12.2 125,309 13,423 10.7 14,988 12.0 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,584 3,021 9.0 3,440 10.2 33,393 2,930 8.8 3,315 9.9 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,731 3,522 11.1 3,941 12.4 32,395 3,499 10.8 3,944 12.2 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,177 3,547 12.6 3,931 14.0 28,106 3,530 12.6 3,888 13.8 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,980 2,753 12.0 3,056 13.3 22,790 2,678 11.8 2,962 13.0 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,310 717 8.6 802 9.7 8,625 786 9.1 880 10.2 Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,079 7,847 10.5 8,730 11.6 74,792 7,631 10.2 8,471 11.3 16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,866 531 5.4 619 6.3 9,626 476 4.9 568 5.9 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,213 7,316 11.2 8,110 12.4 65,166 7,154 11.0 7,903 12.1 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,724 1,734 9.8 1,945 11.0 17,585 1,602 9.1 1,799 10.2 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,810 1,905 11.3 2,102 12.5 17,012 1,951 11.5 2,153 12.7 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,586 1,876 12.9 2,076 14.2 14,467 1,754 12.1 1,910 13.2 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,849 1,434 12.1 1,585 13.4 11,712 1,435 12.3 1,581 13.5 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,244 367 8.7 403 9.5 4,389 411 9.4 461 10.5 Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,462 6,577 9.5 7,463 10.7 69,730 6,624 9.5 7,552 10.8 16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,893 332 3.4 404 4.1 9,587 355 3.7 467 4.9 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,569 6,244 10.5 7,060 11.9 60,143 6,269 10.4 7,085 11.8 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,860 1,287 8.1 1,495 9.4 15,808 1,327 8.4 1,516 9.6 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,922 1,618 10.8 1,840 12.3 15,383 1,548 10.1 1,791 11.6 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,591 1,671 12.3 1,855 13.7 13,639 1,775 13.0 1,978 14.5 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,131 1,319 11.8 1,471 13.2 11,078 1,243 11.2 1,381 12.5 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,066 350 8.6 399 9.8 4,236 375 8.9 419 9.9

RACE, HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY,

AND SEX
White, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,689 10,777 9.8 12,130 11.1 109,472 10,509 9.6 11,843 10.8 Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,949 5,952 10.3 6,625 11.4 57,663 5,740 10.0 6,399 11.1 Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,740 4,826 9.3 5,505 10.6 51,809 4,769 9.2 5,444 10.5 Black or African American, 16 years and over. . . . . . 19,182 2,262 11.8 2,509 13.1 19,148 2,266 11.8 2,522 13.2 Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,017 1,190 13.2 1,309 14.5 8,976 1,153 12.8 1,250 13.9 Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,165 1,072 10.5 1,200 11.8 10,172 1,112 10.9 1,272 12.5 Asian, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,044 786 7.8 904 9.0 10,162 869 8.5 997 9.8 Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,261 414 7.9 483 9.2 5,248 422 8.0 486 9.3 Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,783 372 7.8 420 8.8 4,914 447 9.1 510 10.4 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 16 years and over. . . . 27,361 2,462 9.0 2,742 10.0 28,224 2,407 8.5 2,746 9.7 Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,027 1,381 9.2 1,524 10.1 15,609 1,288 8.3 1,462 9.4 Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,334 1,081 8.8 1,218 9.9 12,616 1,118 8.9 1,284 10.2

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
3 Full-time workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,907 13,197 10.9 14,783 12.2 120,053 12,857 10.7 14,408 12.0 Part-time workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,476 1,210 5.2 1,390 5.9 24,307 1,388 5.7 1,601 6.6 1 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. 2 Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. 3 The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data will not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identiﬁable for a small number of multiple jobholders.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identiﬁed as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table 2. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by union affiliation and selected characteristics, 2023-2024 annual averages
Characteristic
2023 2024
Total
Members
of
unions1
Repre-
sented
by unions 2
Non-
union3 Total
Members
of
unions1
Repre-
sented
by unions 2
Non-
union3

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,117 $1,263 $1,253 $1,090 $1,159 $1,337 $1,320 $1,138 16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 809 810 709 744 922 892 735 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,170 1,294 1,284 1,155 1,221 1,363 1,351 1,199 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,045 1,160 1,150 1,027 1,101 1,226 1,205 1,084 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,250 1,375 1,374 1,232 1,278 1,398 1,382 1,262 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,255 1,390 1,381 1,232 1,327 1,478 1,470 1,286 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,217 1,289 1,280 1,205 1,249 1,374 1,360 1,232 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,080 1,152 1,150 1,064 1,153 1,195 1,194 1,147 Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,202 1,341 1,333 1,180 1,261 1,415 1,403 1,241 16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736 813 812 729 778 991 987 767 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,273 1,374 1,367 1,258 1,346 1,446 1,438 1,329 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,107 1,212 1,209 1,090 1,158 1,264 1,254 1,148 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,364 1,448 1,452 1,347 1,414 1,483 1,468 1,405 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,396 1,465 1,445 1,385 1,467 1,548 1,549 1,446 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,380 1,397 1,384 1,380 1,421 1,502 1,493 1,407 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,181 1,191 1,185 1,181 1,300 1,280 1,287 1,304 Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,005 1,174 1,165 983 1,043 1,232 1,211 1,016 16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 784 797 685 709 852 806 705 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,060 1,197 1,186 1,034 1,103 1,255 1,241 1,077 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985 1,120 1,094 971 1,023 1,185 1,162 1,007 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,136 1,266 1,260 1,112 1,147 1,296 1,286 1,126 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,115 1,317 1,312 1,079 1,166 1,388 1,366 1,137 55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,065 1,148 1,147 1,043 1,088 1,176 1,164 1,074 65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977 1,118 1,115 960 1,005 1,098 1,084 995

RACE, HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY,

AND SEX
White, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,138 1,294 1,277 1,115 1,177 1,375 1,353 1,155 Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,225 1,367 1,353 1,204 1,288 1,462 1,443 1,262 Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,021 1,204 1,188 997 1,061 1,263 1,236 1,030 Black or African American, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920 1,102 1,099 901 959 1,130 1,130 933 Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970 1,156 1,159 937 1,002 1,187 1,177 969 Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889 1,048 1,037 872 922 1,053 1,061 907 Asian, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,474 1,422 1,437 1,482 1,525 1,445 1,468 1,533 Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,635 1,444 1,472 1,680 1,726 1,420 1,451 1,754 Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,299 1,378 1,369 1,289 1,365 1,494 1,506 1,349 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874 1,112 1,098 841 902 1,161 1,140 884 Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915 1,162 1,147 893 963 1,248 1,226 934 Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 1,041 1,028 776 832 1,035 1,014 813 1 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. 2 Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. 3 Data refer to workers who are neither members of a union nor represented by a union on their job.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identiﬁed as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table 3. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry, 2023-2024 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation and industry
2023 2024
Total
employed
Members
of
unions1
Represented
by unions 2
Total
employed
Members
of
unions1
Represented
by unions 2
Total
Percent
of
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed

OCCUPATION
Management, professional, and related
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,381 6,440 10.3 7,355 11.8 62,800 6,472 10.3 7,447 11.9 Management, business, and ﬁnancial operations
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,434 1,034 4.1 1,247 4.9 25,560 1,051 4.1 1,293 5.1 Management occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,626 680 4.1 816 4.9 16,411 689 4.2 825 5.0 Business and ﬁnancial operations
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,808 353 4.0 431 4.9 9,149 362 4.0 468 5.1 Professional and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 36,947 5,406 14.6 6,109 16.5 37,240 5,421 14.6 6,153 16.5 Computer and mathematical occupations. . . . . . 6,361 242 3.8 299 4.7 6,196 228 3.7 291 4.7 Architecture and engineering occupations. . . . . 3,510 208 5.9 256 7.3 3,432 195 5.7 249 7.3 Life, physical, and social science
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,770 188 10.6 212 12.0 1,733 184 10.6 201 11.6 Community and social service occupations. . . . 2,746 391 14.2 440 16.0 2,780 378 13.6 425 15.3 Legal occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,593 81 5.1 105 6.6 1,550 84 5.4 108 7.0 Education, training, and library occupations. . . 9,202 3,005 32.7 3,355 36.5 9,351 3,016 32.3 3,346 35.8 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,317 192 8.3 208 9.0 2,358 152 6.5 184 7.8 Healthcare practitioners and technical
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,448 1,100 11.6 1,234 13.1 9,839 1,184 12.0 1,351 13.7 Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,587 2,162 9.2 2,410 10.2 23,707 2,182 9.2 2,430 10.3 Healthcare support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,834 369 7.6 429 8.9 5,157 424 8.2 477 9.3 Protective service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,083 985 31.9 1,057 34.3 3,070 908 29.6 998 32.5 Food preparation and serving related
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,048 259 3.2 286 3.6 7,860 310 3.9 353 4.5 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,635 420 9.1 488 10.5 4,807 419 8.7 465 9.7 Personal care and service occupations. . . . . . . . . . 2,987 128 4.3 149 5.0 2,813 121 4.3 136 4.9 Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,730 1,727 6.2 1,971 7.1 27,032 1,614 6.0 1,835 6.8 Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,226 358 2.9 440 3.6 11,929 325 2.7 391 3.3 Office and administrative support occupations. . . 15,503 1,370 8.8 1,532 9.9 15,104 1,289 8.5 1,444 9.6 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,132 1,741 14.4 1,866 15.4 12,243 1,638 13.4 1,761 14.4 Farming, ﬁshing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . 877 40 4.5 42 4.8 881 13 1.5 13 1.5 Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . 6,916 1,124 16.3 1,196 17.3 6,939 1,068 15.4 1,140 16.4 Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,339 577 13.3 628 14.5 4,422 558 12.6 608 13.7 Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,712 2,353 12.6 2,590 13.8 18,740 2,348 12.5 2,550 13.6 Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,888 916 11.6 1,035 13.1 7,697 894 11.6 979 12.7 Transportation and material moving
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,823 1,438 13.3 1,555 14.4 11,044 1,454 13.2 1,571 14.2

INDUSTRY
Private sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,963 7,414 6.0 8,428 6.9 122,684 7,230 5.9 8,216 6.7 Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,248 28 2.2 33 2.6 1,287 18 1.4 19 1.5 Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,715 7,386 6.1 8,395 6.9 121,397 7,212 5.9 8,197 6.8 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. . 577 25 4.3 28 4.9 538 35 6.6 40 7.5 Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,920 954 10.7 1,017 11.4 8,894 916 10.3 994 11.2 Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,922 1,181 7.9 1,353 9.1 14,338 1,124 7.8 1,244 8.7 Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,599 772 8.0 878 9.1 9,213 713 7.7 786 8.5 Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,323 409 7.7 475 8.9 5,125 411 8.0 458 8.9 Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,012 700 3.9 827 4.6 17,986 731 4.1 844 4.7 Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,927 137 4.7 150 5.1 2,955 136 4.6 156 5.3 Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,085 563 3.7 677 4.5 15,031 596 4.0 687 4.6 Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,624 1,256 16.5 1,337 17.5 7,540 1,221 16.2 1,307 17.3 Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,495 1,031 15.9 1,103 17.0 6,387 1,006 15.8 1,079 16.9 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,129 224 19.9 234 20.8 1,153 215 18.7 229 19.8 Information

3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,582 191 7.4 200 7.8 2,354 156 6.6 180 7.6 Publishing, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 21 3.6 23 4.1 503 17 3.3 17 3.4 Motion pictures and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 47 12.1 49 12.5 356 30 8.4 36 10.2 See footnotes at end of table.

Table 3. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry, 2023-2024 annual averages — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation and industry
2023 2024
Total
employed
Members
of
unions1
Represented
by unions 2
Total
employed
Members
of
unions1
Represented
by unions 2
Total
Percent
of
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed
Broadcasting (except internet). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 26 9.7 27 10.1 224 20 8.8 22 9.7 Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 884 83 9.4 88 9.9 770 69 9.0 83 10.7 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,284 161 1.7 219 2.4 9,231 122 1.3 170 1.8 Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,025 95 1.3 134 1.9 7,149 67 0.9 102 1.4 Finance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,431 55 1.2 75 1.7 4,540 37 0.8 65 1.4 Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,594 39 1.5 59 2.3 2,609 31 1.2 37 1.4 Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . 2,259 67 3.0 85 3.8 2,082 55 2.6 68 3.3 Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . 16,820 382 2.3 504 3.0 17,247 348 2.0 476 2.8 Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . 11,361 152 1.3 228 2.0 11,304 131 1.2 211 1.9 Management, administrative, and waste
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,459 230 4.2 276 5.1 5,943 218 3.7 265 4.5 Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,344 1,982 8.1 2,263 9.3 24,877 2,027 8.1 2,333 9.4 Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,156 666 12.9 766 14.8 5,207 689 13.2 805 15.5 Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . 19,188 1,316 6.9 1,498 7.8 19,670 1,337 6.8 1,528 7.8 Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,660 372 2.9 435 3.4 12,458 370 3.0 425 3.4 Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . 2,537 156 6.2 190 7.5 2,467 146 5.9 167 6.8 Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . 10,123 216 2.1 245 2.4 9,991 224 2.2 258 2.6 Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,284 95 7.4 101 7.9 1,155 84 7.2 93 8.0 Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . 8,839 121 1.4 144 1.6 8,836 140 1.6 165 1.9 Other services

3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,970 182 3.0 212 3.6 5,933 160 2.7 184 3.1 Other services, except private households.. . 5,314 172 3.2 202 3.8 5,301 152 2.9 172 3.3 Public sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,577 7,010 32.5 7,765 36.0 21,838 7,025 32.2 7,807 35.7 Federal government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,106 1,032 25.1 1,192 29.0 4,170 1,056 25.3 1,246 29.9 State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,417 2,122 28.6 2,377 32.0 7,524 2,096 27.9 2,364 31.4 Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,053 3,856 38.4 4,195 41.7 10,144 3,873 38.2 4,197 41.4 1 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. 2 Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. 3 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Table 4. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by union affiliation, occupation, and industry, 2023-2024 annual averages
Occupation and industry
2023 2024
Total
Members
of
unions1
Repre-
sented
by unions 2
Non-
union3 Total
Members
of
unions1
Repre-
sented
by unions 2
Non-
union3

OCCUPATION
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . $1,527 $1,455 $1,445 $1,539 $1,582 $1,516 $1,500 $1,602 Management, business, and ﬁnancial operations
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,630 1,628 1,613 1,631 1,731 1,669 1,637 1,734 Management occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,730 1,673 1,665 1,732 1,773 1,760 1,734 1,778 Business and ﬁnancial operations occupations. . . . . . . . . . 1,517 1,493 1,484 1,519 1,610 1,488 1,498 1,619 Professional and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,458 1,435 1,423 1,468 1,504 1,485 1,468 1,514 Computer and mathematical occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,890 1,587 1,596 1,897 1,921 1,680 1,655 1,963 Architecture and engineering occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,785 1,731 1,736 1,793 1,873 1,810 1,782 1,879 Life, physical, and social science occupations. . . . . . . . . . . 1,541 1,407 1,442 1,553 1,611 1,738 1,754 1,596 Community and social service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,147 1,439 1,429 1,094 1,163 1,415 1,399 1,138 Legal occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,880 1,620 1,566 1,894 1,904 1,902 1,899 1,905 Education, training, and library occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,180 1,368 1,347 1,077 1,217 1,402 1,380 1,119 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,343 1,596 1,577 1,328 1,413 1,549 1,485 1,407 Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations. . . . . . 1,404 1,506 1,501 1,386 1,472 1,620 1,565 1,451 Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721 998 982 702 758 1,048 1,021 733 Healthcare support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713 753 761 707 753 796 786 750 Protective service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,113 1,420 1,430 954 1,109 1,540 1,519 937 Food preparation and serving related occupations. . . . . . . . . 660 725 709 658 689 752 745 686 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692 792 776 682 729 893 877 714 Personal care and service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725 950 907 720 757 979 914 749 Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923 1,012 1,004 916 964 1,089 1,084 954 Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,001 921 940 1,003 1,046 1,022 1,055 1,045 Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 1,021 1,012 878 925 1,100 1,089 911 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,001 1,389 1,368 951 1,042 1,475 1,449 995 Farming, ﬁshing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689 – – 682 716 – – 714 Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985 1,385 1,369 921 1,017 1,492 1,475 974 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . 1,092 1,428 1,395 1,044 1,150 1,457 1,421 1,113 Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869 1,083 1,053 834 891 1,128 1,111 864 Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895 1,051 1,019 871 922 1,151 1,129 899 Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . 841 1,098 1,082 810 862 1,105 1,086 829

INDUSTRY
Private sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,087 1,184 1,168 1,077 1,140 1,258 1,243 1,131 Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770 – – 772 786 – – 786 Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,091 1,186 1,170 1,082 1,144 1,261 1,246 1,136 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,424 – – 1,438 1,511 – – 1,482 Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,044 1,424 1,411 1,007 1,100 1,530 1,500 1,051 Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,148 1,135 1,107 1,153 1,202 1,219 1,216 1,199 Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,173 1,182 1,148 1,175 1,252 1,264 1,265 1,251 Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,102 1,091 1,063 1,112 1,124 1,161 1,147 1,122 Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 896 900 900 922 892 901 923 Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,152 1,019 1,078 1,157 1,163 1,158 1,156 1,164 Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846 849 852 846 876 825 833 879 Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,063 1,321 1,293 1,018 1,130 1,366 1,353 1,095 Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993 1,262 1,231 966 1,040 1,254 1,234 1,011 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,571 1,686 1,655 1,544 1,578 1,661 1,644 1,559 Information

4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,572 1,689 1,702 1,562 1,728 1,613 1,584 1,751 Publishing, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,890 – – 1,896 2,092 – – 2,107 Motion pictures and sound recording industries. . . . . . . 1,334 – – 1,252 1,567 – – 1,590 Broadcasting (except internet). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,426 – – 1,314 1,470 – – 1,452 Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,465 1,397 1,404 1,473 1,512 1,600 1,528 1,510 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,385 1,154 1,170 1,393 1,446 1,262 1,266 1,451 Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,466 1,139 1,276 1,471 1,533 1,249 1,266 1,537 Finance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,542 1,086 1,133 1,548 1,633 – 1,340 1,638 Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,352 – 1,314 1,353 1,365 – – 1,369 Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,150 1,226 1,151 1,150 1,208 1,350 1,267 1,206 Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,407 987 1,052 1,417 1,467 1,269 1,265 1,472 Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,729 1,575 1,560 1,731 1,830 1,701 1,535 1,838 Management, administrative, and waste services. . . . . 868 838 848 870 919 1,100 1,073 916 See footnotes at end of table.

Table 4. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by union affiliation, occupation, and industry, 2023-2024 annual averages — Continued
Occupation and industry
2023 2024
Total
Members
of
unions1
Repre-
sented
by unions 2
Non-
union3 Total
Members
of
unions1
Repre-
sented
by unions 2
Non-
union3
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,097 $1,199 $1,193 $1,078 $1,143 $1,310 $1,280 $1,128 Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,193 1,329 1,321 1,168 1,236 1,341 1,328 1,222 Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,062 1,145 1,145 1,049 1,119 1,282 1,260 1,105 Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747 900 891 740 775 975 958 769 Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934 1,073 1,053 926 963 1,127 1,106 948 Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712 827 830 709 741 834 828 737 Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788 874 881 776 801 862 850 797 Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 756 753 700 728 802 805 726 Other services 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923 1,151 1,136 915 986 1,403 1,332 979 Other services, except private households. . . . . . . . . . . . 950 1,163 1,146 940 1,013 1,430 1,393 1,005 Public sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,229 1,346 1,341 1,161 1,254 1,391 1,372 1,185 Federal government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,481 1,393 1,410 1,526 1,532 1,387 1,389 1,620 State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,169 1,291 1,290 1,123 1,206 1,365 1,348 1,141 Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,187 1,357 1,346 1,074 1,207 1,409 1,383 1,095 1 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. 2 Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. 3 Data refer to workers who are neither members of a union nor represented by a union on their job. 4 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Table 5. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by state, 2023-2024 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
State
2023 2024
Total
employed
Members
of
unions1
Represented
by unions 2
Total
employed
Members
of
unions1
Represented
by unions 2
Total
Percent
of
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed
Total
Percent
of
employed
Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,088 156 7.5 180 8.6 2,110 140 6.6 165 7.8 Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 45 14.8 47 15.2 300 53 17.7 58 19.5 Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,164 133 4.2 152 4.8 3,183 118 3.7 144 4.5 Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,217 62 5.1 71 5.8 1,265 45 3.5 56 4.4 California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,349 2,514 15.4 2,769 16.9 16,399 2,381 14.5 2,678 16.3 Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,730 189 6.9 235 8.6 2,671 206 7.7 214 8.0 Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,610 255 15.9 272 16.9 1,634 269 16.5 291 17.8 Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 38 8.8 44 10.1 435 37 8.5 39 8.9 District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 32 9.1 36 10.4 362 38 10.6 42 11.7 Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,453 442 4.7 578 6.1 9,086 462 5.1 569 6.3 Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,626 211 4.6 250 5.4 4,619 174 3.8 203 4.4 Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 138 24.1 147 25.6 556 147 26.5 153 27.5 Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810 37 4.5 44 5.5 850 43 5.0 50 5.9 Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,537 708 12.8 755 13.6 5,615 734 13.1 798 14.2 Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,054 245 8.0 278 9.1 2,999 271 9.0 313 10.4 Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,490 107 7.2 131 8.8 1,437 93 6.4 119 8.3 Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,360 120 8.9 144 10.6 1,309 83 6.3 105 8.0 Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,719 152 8.8 194 11.3 1,761 156 8.8 197 11.2 Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,765 76 4.3 91 5.2 1,741 69 3.9 86 5.0 Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566 52 9.2 61 10.8 585 77 13.1 89 15.3 Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,822 302 10.7 362 12.8 2,851 325 11.4 382 13.4 Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,267 412 12.6 443 13.6 3,397 496 14.6 531 15.6 Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,409 564 12.8 623 14.1 4,346 581 13.4 639 14.7 Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,673 356 13.3 378 14.1 2,668 379 14.2 394 14.8 Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,081 75 7.0 106 9.8 1,129 59 5.2 90 7.9 Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,734 255 9.3 286 10.4 2,734 234 8.6 255 9.3 Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 56 11.8 61 13.0 474 56 11.9 62 13.1 Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940 68 7.3 88 9.4 913 62 6.8 74 8.1 Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,382 171 12.4 201 14.5 1,367 166 12.1 183 13.4 New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668 62 9.3 73 10.9 678 62 9.2 72 10.6 New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,211 679 16.1 729 17.3 4,197 682 16.2 730 17.4 New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805 60 7.5 73 9.1 834 63 7.5 73 8.8 New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,300 1,711 20.6 1,787 21.5 8,278 1,706 20.6 1,814 21.9 North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,623 125 2.7 152 3.3 4,555 108 2.4 142 3.1 North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 22 6.2 27 7.5 366 18 5.0 23 6.3 Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,108 641 12.5 691 13.5 5,147 621 12.1 685 13.3 Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,705 115 6.8 132 7.7 1,713 91 5.3 106 6.2 Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,808 255 14.1 270 15.0 1,835 292 15.9 321 17.5 Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,786 749 12.9 822 14.2 5,706 666 11.7 708 12.4 Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 62 12.3 67 13.2 500 73 14.5 77 15.3 South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,130 49 2.3 63 3.0 2,163 61 2.8 89 4.1 South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 15 3.6 18 4.2 431 12 2.7 16 3.7 Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,981 178 6.0 205 6.9 2,923 136 4.7 164 5.6 Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,019 586 4.5 701 5.4 13,345 603 4.5 716 5.4 Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,584 65 4.1 134 8.4 1,558 58 3.7 122 7.8 Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 43 14.3 46 15.4 297 42 14.3 47 15.8 Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,042 176 4.3 226 5.6 3,997 207 5.2 229 5.7 Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,491 576 16.5 632 18.1 3,432 548 16.0 627 18.3 West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 60 8.7 70 10.1 699 61 8.8 70 10.0 Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,761 205 7.4 232 8.4 2,819 180 6.4 196 6.9 Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 14 5.6 17 6.6 249 14 5.6 17 6.7 1 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. 2 Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses as well as those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

TEXAS
N.M.

CALIF.

MONT.

NEV.

ARIZ.

ORE.

S.D.

WYO.

COLO. KAN. MO.

N.D.

NEB.

UTAH
GA.

ILL.

MINN.

LA.

IDAHO
FLA.

PA.

WIS.

N.Y .

OKLA.

N.C.

KY.

ALA.

VA.

ARK.

WASH.

IOWA
MISS.

IND.

OHIO
S.C.

MICH.

TENN.

MAINE
W.VA.

VT. N.H.

20.0% or more

15.0% to 19.9%

10.0% to 14.9%

5.0% to 9.9%

4.9% or less
MD.

DEL.

MASS.

N.J.

R.I.CONN.

D.C.

HAWAII
ALASKA
Pacific
Mountain
West
North Central
East
North Central
New England
Middle
Atlantic
South
Atlantic
East
South Central
West
South Central
Chart 1. Union membership rates by state, 2024 annual averages (U.S. rate = 9.9 percent)
GENERAL PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATION MADE BY THE DIRECTOR OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS PURSUANT TO CALIFORNIA LABOR CODE PART 7, CHAPTER 1, ARTICLE2, SECTIONS 1770, 1773 AND 1773.1 FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDING, HIGHWAY, HEAVY CONSTRUCTION AND DREDGING PROJECTS LOCALITY: SANTA BARBARA COUNTY
DETERMINATION: STB-2025-1

CRAFT CLASSIFICATIONCRAFTFOOTNOTEISSUEDATEEXPIRATIONDATE BASICHOURLYRATE

BASICHOURLYRATEFOOTNOTE

HEALTHANDWELFARE

HEALTHANDWELFAREFOOTNOTEPENSIONPENSIONFOOTNOTEVACATION/HOLIDAYVACATION/HOLIDAYFOOTNOTETRAININGTRAININGFOOTNOTEOTHERPAYMENTSOTHERPAYMENTSFOOTNOTEHOURSHOURSFOOTNOTE

STRAIGHT-TIMETOTALHOURLYRATE

DAILYOVERTIMEHOURLYRATE

DAILYOVERTIMEHOURLYRATEFOOTNOTE

SATURDAYOVERTIMEHOURLYRATE

SATURDAYOVERTIMEHOURLYRATEFOOTNOTE

SUNDAYANDHOLIDAYOVERTIMEHOURLYRATE

SUNDAYANDHOLIDAYOVERTIMEHOURLYRATEFOOTNOTE

HOLIDAYPROVISIONSSCOPE OFWORKPROVISIONS

TRAVEL &SUBSISTENCEPROVISIONS
#BRICKLAYER:BRICKLAYER, CEMENTBLOCKLAYER, POINTER,CAULKER, CLEANER08/22/202404/30/2025**$50.070A $9.250 $9.830 $0.000 $1.210B $1.050 8.0 C $71.410$94.180D $94.180D $116.940 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence #BRICKLAYER:STONEMASON, MARBLEMASON 08/22/202404/30/2025**$50.070A $9.250 $9.830 $0.000 $1.210B $0.650 8.0 C $71.010$93.780D $93.780D $116.540 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#BRICKLAYER:MASON FINISHER08/22/202404/30/2025**$45.060A $9.250 $9.830 $0.000 $1.160B $0.650 8.0 C $65.950$86.410D $86.410D $106.870 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#BRICKTENDER E 08/22/202406/30/2025**$41.530 $9.250 $9.820F $4.400G $0.800 $0.450 8.0 C $66.250$87.020 $87.020 $107.780 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#BRICKTENDERFORKLIFT OPERATOR 08/22/202406/30/2025**$41.980 $9.250 $9.820F $4.400G $0.800 $0.450 8.0 C $66.700$87.690 $87.690 $108.680 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#CARPET,LINOLEUM,RESILIENT TILE LAYER 02/22/202512/31/2025**$45.150H $9.780 $6.300 $2.620 $0.730 $0.280 8.0 $64.860$87.440 $87.440I $110.010 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &SubsistenceCARPET,LINOLEUM,MATERIAL HANDLERJ 02/22/202512/31/2025**$18.060H $9.780 $2.240 $1.120 $0.730 $0.280 8.0 $32.210$41.240 $41.240K $50.270 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#DRYWALLFINISHER 08/22/202408/31/2025**$49.330H $9.200 $11.630 $5.070 $0.920 $1.170 8.0 $77.320$101.990 $101.990L $126.650 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#ELECTRICIAN:INSIDE WIREMAN02/22/202512/31/2025**$52.150M $13.330 $8.900N $0.000 $1.000 $0.780O 8.0 $77.720$116.600P $116.600P $155.450Q HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#ELECTRICIAN:CABLE SPLICER02/22/202512/31/2025**$54.150M $13.330 $8.900N $0.000 $1.000 $0.800O 8.0 $79.800$119.720P $119.720P $159.600Q HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#ELECTRICIAN:SOUND INSTALLER 02/22/202506/29/2025**$48.130 $11.400 $4.000R $0.000 $0.650 $0.350O 8.0 $65.970$90.760S $90.760S $115.550 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#FIELDSURVEYOR:CHIEF OF PARTY(018.167-010)T 02/22/202509/30/2025*$64.010 $13.200 $15.650 $5.170G $1.200 $0.150 8.0 $99.380$131.390S $131.390S $163.390 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#FIELDSURVEYOR:INSTRUMENTMAN(018.167-034)T 02/22/202509/30/2025*$57.360 $13.200 $15.650 $5.000G $1.200 $0.150 8.0 $92.560$121.240S $121.240S $149.920 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#FIELDSURVEYOR:CHAINMAN/RODMAN(869.567-010)T 02/22/202509/30/2025*$56.780 $13.200 $15.650 $4.950G $1.200 $0.150 8.0 $91.930$120.320S $120.320S $148.710 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#GLAZIER 02/22/202505/31/2025**$58.000U $9.150V $15.750 $0.000W $0.820 $1.260 8.0 $84.980$111.480X $111.480X $137.980 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#MARBLEFINISHER 02/22/202505/31/2025**$43.380Y $9.250 $5.020 $0.000 $1.190 $0.510 8.0 $59.350$81.040Z $81.040AA $102.730AB HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#PAINTER:PAINTER, LEADABATEMENT AC 02/22/202506/30/2025**$38.540AD $9.200 $6.040 $2.990 $0.750 $1.010 8.0 $58.530$77.800AE $77.800AE $97.070 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#PAINTER:IRON AND STEELAC 02/22/202506/30/2025**$40.620AD $9.200 $6.040 $3.050 $0.750 $1.010 8.0 $60.670$80.980AE $80.980AE $101.290 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#PAINTER:INDUSTRIAL PAINTERAC 02/22/202506/30/2025**$44.020AD $9.200 $6.040 $3.350 $0.850 $1.010 8.0 $64.470$86.480AE $86.480AE $108.490 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence PAINTER:GRAFFITI REMOVALWORKER JOURNEYMAN(APPLIES ONLY TOPAINT-OVER METHOD)AF 02/22/202507/31/2025**$29.000Y $5.750 $1.000 $0.750 $0.000 $0.250 8.0 $36.750$51.250 $51.250AG $65.750AH HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence PAINTER:GRAFFITI REMOVALWORKER 1 (APPLIESONLY TO PAINT-OVERMETHOD) AI 02/22/202507/31/2025**$19.500Y $5.750 $1.000 $0.750 $0.000 $0.250 8.0 $27.250$37.000 $37.000AG $46.750AH HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence PAINTER:GRAFFITI REMOVALWORKER 2 (APPLIESONLY TO PAINT-OVERMETHOD) AJ 02/22/202507/31/2025**$20.370Y $5.750 $1.000 $0.750 $0.000 $0.250 8.0 $28.120$38.310 $38.310AG $48.490AH HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence #PLASTERER 02/22/202507/31/2025**$44.180 $9.630 $9.840 $8.370AK $1.490 $1.190 8.0 AL $74.700$96.790AE $96.790AM $118.880 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#PLASTERTENDER AN 02/22/202508/05/2025**$46.120 $9.250 $11.470 $5.300AO $1.200 $0.960 8.0 $74.300$97.360AP $97.360AQ $120.420 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &SubsistencePLASTERTENDERPLASTER CLEAN-UPLABORER 02/22/202508/05/2025**$43.570 $9.250 $11.470 $5.300AO $1.200 $0.960 8.0 $71.750$93.540AP $93.540AQ $115.320 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence #PLUMBER:PLUMBER, INDUSTRIALAND GENERALPIPEFITTER 08/22/202408/31/2025**$59.480AR $9.260 $14.300AS $0.000AT $3.050 $1.600AU 8.0 $87.690$116.460D $116.460D $143.520 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence #PLUMBER:SEWER AND STORMDRAIN PIPELAYER 08/22/202408/31/2025**$46.590AR $9.150 $11.450AS $0.000AT $2.780 $1.600AU 8.0 $71.570$93.890 $93.890AV $115.530 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence PLUMBER:SEWER AND STORMDRAIN PIPETRADESMANAW 08/22/202408/31/2025**$23.020AX $9.400 $0.380 $0.000 $1.860 $1.450AU 8.0 $36.110 $46.650 $46.650AV $57.180 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence #PLUMBER:SERVICE AND REPAIR 08/22/202408/31/2025**$57.670AR $9.260 $13.990AS $0.000AT $2.380 $1.600AU 8.0 $84.900$112.760 $112.760AY $138.920AZ HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#PLUMBER:LANDSCAPE/IRRIGATIONFITTER 08/22/202408/31/2025**$42.500Y $9.260 $14.300AS $0.000AT $2.440 $1.400AU 8.0 $69.900$91.150 $91.150AV $110.970 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &SubsistencePLUMBER:LANDSCAPE/IRRIGATIONTRADESMANBA 08/22/202408/31/2025**$19.010Y $3.000 $1.160AS $0.000 $0.100 $1.200AU 8.0 $24.470$33.980 $33.980AV $43.480 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#PLUMBER:REFRIGERATIONSERVICE HVACR 02/22/202408/31/2024*$49.110H $9.260 $8.550BB $0.000AT $1.780 $0.980BC 8.0 $69.680$94.240 $94.240BD $116.440AB HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence 6/13/25, 11:33 AM GENERAL PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATION - STB-2025-1 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CRAFT CLASSIFICATIONCRAFTFOOTNOTEISSUEDATEEXPIRATIONDATE BASICHOURLYRATE

BASICHOURLYRATEFOOTNOTE

HEALTHANDWELFARE

HEALTHANDWELFAREFOOTNOTEPENSIONPENSIONFOOTNOTEVACATION/HOLIDAYVACATION/HOLIDAYFOOTNOTETRAININGTRAININGFOOTNOTEOTHERPAYMENTSOTHERPAYMENTSFOOTNOTEHOURSHOURSFOOTNOTE

STRAIGHT-TIMETOTALHOURLYRATE

DAILYOVERTIMEHOURLYRATE

DAILYOVERTIMEHOURLYRATEFOOTNOTE

SATURDAYOVERTIMEHOURLYRATE

SATURDAYOVERTIMEHOURLYRATEFOOTNOTE

SUNDAYANDHOLIDAYOVERTIMEHOURLYRATE

SUNDAYANDHOLIDAYOVERTIMEHOURLYRATEFOOTNOTE

HOLIDAYPROVISIONSSCOPE OFWORKPROVISIONS

TRAVEL &SUBSISTENCEPROVISIONS
PLUMBER:REFRIGERATIONSERVICE TRADESMANHVACR 02/22/202503/31/2025*$16.880H $9.260 $0.530 $0.000AT $1.780 $0.980BC 8.0 $29.430$37.870 $37.870BD $46.110 AB HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence #PLUMBER:

FIRE SPRINKLER FITTER(PROTECTION ANDCONTROL SYSTEMS,OVERHEAD ANDUNDERGROUND) 02/22/202503/31/2025*$46.420 $12.400 $15.480BE $0.000 $0.540 $0.250 8.0 $75.090$98.300 $98.300 $121.510 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence ROOFER 02/22/202503/31/2025*$16.500& $7.560 $5.590 $0.000 $0.400 $0.020 8.0 $30.070$38.320 $38.320 $38.320 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#SHEET METALWORKER(HVAC) 08/22/202407/31/2025**$54.910H $11.100 $21.170BF $0.000BG $1.930 $1.480 8.0 AV $90.590$118.050BH $118.050BH $145.500 HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#TERRAZZOFINISHER 08/22/202408/31/2025**$42.110H $9.250 $4.600 $0.000BG $0.820 $0.320 8.0 AV $57.100$78.160Z $78.160BI $99.210AB HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#TERRAZZOWORKER 08/22/202408/31/2025**$49.620H $9.250 $4.860 $0.000BG $1.150 $0.370 8.0 AV $65.250$90.060Z $90.060BI $114.870AB HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#TILEFINISHER 02/22/202505/31/2025**$37.960Y $9.250 $3.500 $0.000 $1.120 $0.460 8.0 $52.290$71.270Z $71.270AA $90.250AB HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence#TILE LAYER 02/22/202505/31/2025**$51.820Y $9.250 $8.850 $0.000 $1.320 $0.570 8.0 $71.810$97.720Z $97.720AA $123.630AB HolidaysScope ofWork Travel &Subsistence Go to increase page

FOOTNOTES
EFFECTIVE UNTIL SUPERSEDED BY A NEW DETERMINATION ISSUED BY THE DIRECTOR OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS. CONTACT THE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR - RESEARCH UNIT AT (415) 703-4774 FOR THE NEW RATES AFTER TEN DAYS AFTER THE EXPIRATION DATE IF NO SUBSEQUENT DETERMINATION IS ISSUED.

THE RATE TO BE PAID FOR WORK PERFORMED AFTER THIS DATE HAS BEEN DETERMINED. IF WORK WILL EXTEND PAST THIS DATE, THE NEW RATE MUST BE PAID AND SHOULD BE INCORPORATED IN CONTRACTS ENTERED INTO NOW. CONTACT THE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR RESEARCH UNIT FOR SPECIFIC RATES AT (415) 703-4774.

INDICATES AN APPRENTICEABLE CRAFT. THE CURRENT APPRENTICE WAGE RATES ARE AVAILABLE ON THE INTERNET @ HTTP://WWW.DIR.CA.GOV/OPRL/PWAPPWAGE/PWAPPWAGESTART.ASP.

THE BASIC HOURLY RATE AND EMPLOYER PAYMENTS ARE NOT TAKEN FROM A COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENT FOR THIS CRAFT OR CLASSIFICATION.

INCLUDES AMOUNTS FOR DUES CHECK OFF, CONTRACT COMPLIANCE AND VACATION WHICH ARE NOT FACTORED INTO OVERTIME RATES.

INCLUDES AN AMOUNT FOR IMI TRAINING FUND.

SATURDAYS IN THE SAME WORK WEEK MAY BE WORKED AT STRAIGHT-TIME IF JOB IS SHUT DOWN DURING THE NORMAL WORKWEEK DUE TO INCLEMENT WEATHER, OR REASONS BEYOND THE CONTROL OF THE EMPLOYER.

RATE APPLIES TO THE FIRST 2 DAILY OVERTIME HOURS AND THE FIRST 10 HOURS ON SATURDAY; ALL OTHER TIME IS PAID AT THE SUNDAY AND HOLIDAY OVERTIME HOURLY RATE.

THE RATIO OF BRICK TENDERS TO BRICKLAYERS SHALL BE AS FOLLOWS: ONE (1) BRICK TENDER TO NO MORE THAN THREE (3) BRICKLAYERS DURING THE INSTALLATION OF BLOCK ON A TYPICAL MASONRY PROJECT.

INCLUDES AN AMOUNT PER HOUR WORKED FOR ANNUITY TRUST FUND.

INCLUDES AN AMOUNT PER HOUR WORKED FOR SUPPLEMENTAL DUES.

INCLUDES AMOUNT WITHHELD FOR DUES CHECK OFF.

RATE APPLIES TO THE FIRST 12 HOURS WORKED ON SATURDAY, ALL OTHER TIME IS PAID AT DOUBLE TIME. SATURDAY MAY BE WORKED AT THE STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY RATE FOR THE FIRST 8 HOURS IF INCLEMENT WEATHER FORCES A SYNTHETIC/ARTIFICIAL TURF PROJECT TO SHUT DOWN DURING THE REGULAR WORK WEEK (MONDAYTHOUGH FRIDAY).

A MATERIAL HANDLER MAY BE UTILIZED IN RATIO OF ONE (1) MATERIAL HANDLER WITH ANY FIVE (5) JOURNEYMEN ON ANY GIVEN PROJECT.

RATE APPLIES TO THE FIRST 12 HOURS ON SATURDAY, ALL OTHER TIME IS PAID AT DOUBLE TIME.

RATE APPLIES TO FIRST 8 HOURS ONLY. DOUBLE TIME THEREAFTER. SATURDAYS IN THE SAME WORK WEEK MAY BE WORKED AT STRAIGHT-TIME IF JOB IS SHUT DOWN DURING THE NORMAL WORK WEEK DUE TO INCLEMENT WEATHER.

INCLUDES AN AMOUNT FOR WORKING DUES (6.75%).

IN ADDITION, AN AMOUNT EQUAL TO 3% OF THE BASIC HOURLY RATE IS ADDED TO THE TOTAL HOURLY RATE AND OVERTIME HOURLY RATES FOR THE NATIONAL EMPLOYEES BENEFIT BOARD. PURSUANT TO LABOR CODE SECTIONS 1773.1 AND 1773.8, THE AMOUNT PAID FOR THIS EMPLOYER PAYMENT MAY VARY RESULTING IN A LOWERTAXABLE BASIC HOURLY WAGE RATE, BUT THE TOTAL HOURLY RATES FOR STRAIGHT TIME AND OVERTIME MAY NOT BE LESS THAN THE GENERAL PREVAILING RATE OF PER DIEM WAGES.

INCLUDES AN AMOUNT FOR THE NATIONAL LABOR-MANAGEMENT COOPERATION FUND AND THE ADMINISTRATIVE MAINTENANCE FUND.

RATE APPLIES TO THE FIRST 2 DAILY AND THE FIRST 8 SATURDAY OVERTIME HOURS WORKED. ALL OTHER OVERTIME IS PAID AT THE SUNDAY RATE. ALL FRINGES FACTORED INTO OT RATE.

ALL FRINGES FACTORED INTO OT RATE.

IN ADDITION, AN AMOUNT EQUAL TO 3% OF THE BASIC HOURLY RATE IS ADDED TO THE TOTAL HOURLY RATE AND OVERTIME HOURLY RATES FOR THE NATIONAL EMPLOYEES BENEFIT BOARD.

RATE APPLIES TO THE FIRST 4 DAILY OVERTIME HOURS AND THE FIRST 12 HOURS WORKED ON SATURDAY; ALL OTHER TIME IS PAID AT THE SUNDAY AND HOLIDAY OVERTIME HOURLY RATE.

DICTIONARY OF OCCUPATIONAL TITLES, FOURTH EDITION, 1977, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR.

INCLUDES AMOUNT WITHHELD FOR DUES CHECKOFF, WHICH IS FACTORED IN THE OVERTIME RATES. INCLUDES $5.00 FOR VACATION THAT IS NOT FACTORED IN THE OVERTIME RATES.

INCLUDES AN AMOUNT PER HOUR WORKED OR PAID TO DISABILITY FUND.

INCLUDED IN STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY RATE WHICH IS NOT FACTORED IN THE OVERTIME RATES.

RATE APPLIES TO THE FIRST 2 OVERTIME HOURS MONDAY THROUGH FRIDAY AND THE FIRST 8 HOURS WORKED ON SATURDAY. ALL OTHER TIME IS PAID AT THE SUNDAY AND HOLIDAY OVERTIME RATE.

INCLUDES AMOUNT WITHHELD FOR ADMINISTRATIVE DUES.

RATE APPLIES TO FIRST TWO DAILY OVERTIME HOURS WORKED; ALL OTHER OVERTIME IS PAID AT THE HOLIDAY OVERTIME HOURLY RATE.

SATURDAY OVERTIME HOURLY RATE SHALL NOT BE OWED FOR WORK PERFORMED ON A SATURDAY UNLESS AND UNTIL THE EMPLOYEE HAS WORKED 8 HOURS ON THAT DAY OR 40 HOURS OVER THE COURSE OF THE WORK WEEK OF WHICH THE SATURDAY IS A PART, WHICHEVER COMES FIRST. RATE APPLIES TO THE FIRST 8 HOURS WORKEDON A SIXTH OR SEVENTH CONSECUTIVE DAY DURING ANY ONE CALENDAR WEEK UP TO 50 HOURS IN ANY ONE CALENDAR WEEK. ALL HOURS IN EXCESS OF 10 HOURS DAILY OR 50 HOURS WEEKLY ARE PAID AT THE HOLIDAY RATE. SATURDAYS IN THE SAME WORK WEEK MAY BE WORKED AT STRAIGHT-TIME IF JOB IS SHUT DOWN DURING THENORMAL WORKWEEK DUE TO INCLEMENT WEATHER. 6/13/25, 11:33 AM GENERAL PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATION - STB-2025-1 https://www.dir.ca.gov/OPRL/2025-1/PWD/Determinations/Subtrades/STB.html 2/3 AB
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RATE APPLIES TO WORK ON HOLIDAYS ONLY; SUNDAYS ARE PAID AT THE SATURDAY OVERTIME HOURLY RATE.

AN ADDITIONAL $0.25 PER HOUR WILL BE ADDED TO THE BASIC HOURLY RATE WHEN PERFORMING PAPERHANGING WORK. EFFECTIVE 7/1/2025, WHEN PERFORMING PAPERHANGING WORK, THE AMOUNT ADDED TO THE BASIC HOURLY RATE WILL INCREASE FROM $0.25 TO $3.00 PER HOUR.

INCLUDES AMOUNT WITHHELD FOR WORKING DUES.

DOUBLE TIME SHALL BE PAID FOR ALL HOURS WORKED OVER 12 HOURS IN ANY ONE DAY.

RATE APPLIES AFTER 36 MONTHS OF EXPERIENCE
RATE APPLIES TO ALL TIME WORKED IN EXCESS OF 8 HOURS IN ONE WORK DAY OR 40 HOURS IN ONE WORK WEEK MONDAY THROUGH SUNDAY; SATURDAY AND SUNDAY MAY BE WORKED AT THE STRAIGHT TIME RATE, PROVIDED THAT THE HOURS DO NOT EXCEED 8 HOURS IN ONE WORK DAY OR 40 HOURS IN ONE WORK WEEK.

RATE APPLIES TO RECOGNIZED HOLIDAYS ONLY. FOR WORK ON SUNDAY, SEE SATURDAY OVERTIME HOURLY RATE AND FOOTNOTE.

RATE APPLIES TO FIRST 12 MONTHS OF EXPERIENCE
RATE APPLIES AFTER 12 MONTHS THROUGH 36 MONTHS EXPERIENCE

INCLUDES AN AMOUNT PER HOUR WORKED OR PAID FOR DUES CHECK OFF SATURDAY IN THE SAME WORKWEEK MAY BE WORKED AT THE STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY RATE IF IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO COMPLETE FORTY HOURS OF WORK MONDAY THROUGH FRIDAY WHEN THE JOB IS SHUT DOWN DUE TO INCLEMENT WEATHER OR SIMILAR ACT OF GOD, OR BEYOND THE CONTRACTOR'S CONTROL.

RATE APPLIES TO THE FIRST 8 HOURS WORKED; ALL OTHER TIME IS PAID AT THE SUNDAY AND HOLIDAY OVERTIME HOURLY RATE.

THE RATIO OF PLASTER TENDERS TO PLASTERERS SHALL BE AS FOLLOWS: THERE SHALL BE A PLASTER TENDER ON THE JOBSITE WHENEVER THERE IS A PLASTERER PERFORMING WORK ON THE JOBSITE, EXCEPT ON SMALL PATCH WORK WHERE ONLY ONE PLASTERER IS PERFORMING WORK. FOR INSIDE BROWN COATINGS THERE SHALLBE 2 PLASTER TENDERS FOR UP TO EVERY 3 PLASTERERS. FOR INSIDE FINISH COATINGS THERE SHALL BE 1 PLASTER TENDER FOR UP TO EVERY 3 PLASTERERS. ON OUTSIDE FINISH AND BROWN COATINGS AND FOR ALL OTHER WORK, THERE SHALL BE 1 PLASTER TENDER FOR UP TO EVERY 2 PLASTERERS.

INCLUDES AN AMOUNT PER HOUR WORKED OR PAID FOR SUPPLEMENTAL DUES.

ALL WORK PERFORMED AFTER TWELVE (12) HOURS IN A DAY SHALL BE PAID AT THE SUNDAY/HOLIDAY RATE.

RATE APPLIES TO THE FIRST EIGHT HOURS ON SATURDAY. ALL OTHER TIME IS PAID AT THE SUNDAY AND HOLIDAY OVERTIME RATE. SATURDAY WORK MAY BE PAID AT THE STRAIGHT TIME RATE IF THE JOB IS SHUT DOWN DURING THE NORMAL WORK WEEK DUE TO INCLEMENT WEATHER.

INCLUDES AN AMOUNT WITHHELD FOR ADMINISTRATIVE DUES WHICH IS NOT FACTORED INTO OVERTIME AND AN AMOUNT FOR VACATION WHICH IS FACTORED AT 1.5 TIMES FOR ALL OVERTIME.

INCLUDES AMOUNT FOR NATIONAL PENSION AND RETIREE'S X-MAS FUND.

AMOUNT INCLUDED IN BASIC HOURLY RATE AND FACTORED AT 1.5 TIMES FOR ALL OVERTIME.

INCLUDES AN AMOUNT FOR THE P.I.P.E. LABOR MANAGEMENT COOPERATION COMMITTEE AND THE CONTRACTOR EDUCATION & DEVELOPMENT FUND.

SATURDAYS IN THE SAME WORK WEEK MAY BE WORKED AT STRAIGHT-TIME IF JOB IS SHUT DOWN DURING THE NORMAL WORKWEEK DUE TO INCLEMENT WEATHER.

PIPE TRADESMEN SHALL NOT BE PERMITTED ON ANY JOB WITHOUT A JOURNEYMAN.

INCLUDES AN AMOUNT WITHHELD FOR ADMINISTRATIVE DUES WHICH IS NOT FACTORED IN THE OVERTIME RATES.

SATURDAY MAY BE WORKED AT STRAIGHT-TIME RATE, PROVIDED THAT THE HOURS DO NOT EXCEED 8 HOURS PER DAY OR 40 HOURS PER WEEK.

DOUBLE TIME SHALL BE PAID FOR NEW YEAR'S DAY, EASTER SUNDAY, LABOR DAY, THANKSGIVING DAY, AND CHRISTMAS.

TRADESMEN SHALL ONLY BE USED IF THE FIRST WORKER ON THE JOB IS A LANDSCAPE/IRRIGATION FITTER, SECOND WORKER MUST BE A LANDSCAPE/IRRIGATION FITTER OR APPRENTICE LANDSCAPE/IRRIGATION FITTER. THE 3RD AND 4TH MAY BE A TRADESMAN. THE 5TH MUST BE A LANDSCAPE/IRRIGATION FITTER AND THEREAFTERTRADESMEN WILL BE REFERRED ON A 50-50 BASIS, TO JOURNEYMAN OR APPRENTICE.

INCLUDES AN AMOUNT FOR 401A PLAN.

INCLUDES AN AMOUNT FOR THE P.I.P.E. LABOR MANAGEMENT COOPERATION COMMITTEE TRUST FUND AND FOR PROMOTION FUND.

SATURDAY MAY BE PAID AT STRAIGHT TIME IF THE WORK WEEK IS TUESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY.

INCLUDES AN AMOUNT FOR SUPPLEMENTAL PENSION FUND.

INCLUDES AN AMOUNT PER HOUR WORKED FOR COLA FUND.

INCLUDED IN STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY RATE.

RATE APPLIES TO THE FIRST 4 DAILY OVERTIME HOURS AND THE FIRST 8 HOURS WORKED ON SATURDAY. ALL OTHER TIME IS PAID AT THE SUNDAY AND HOLIDAY OVERTIME RATE.

RATE APPLIES TO THE FIRST 8 HOURS WORKED ON A SIXTH OR SEVENTH CONSECUTIVE DAY DURING ANY ONE CALENDAR WEEK UP TO 50 HOURS IN ANY ONE CALENDAR WEEK. ALL OTHER TIME IS PAID AT THE HOLIDAY RATE.

RECOGNIZED HOLIDAYS: HOLIDAYS UPON WHICH THE GENERAL PREVAILING HOURLY WAGE RATE FOR HOLIDAY WORK SHALL BE PAID, SHALL BE ALL HOLIDAYS IN THE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGREEMENT, APPLICABLE TO THE PARTICULAR CRAFT, CLASSIFICATION, OR TYPE OF WORKER EMPLOYED ON THE PROJECT, WHICH IS ON FILE WITH THEDIRECTOR OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS. IF THE PREVAILING RATE IS NOT BASED ON A COLLECTIVELY BARGAINED RATE, THE HOLIDAYS UPON WHICH THE PREVAILING RATE SHALL BE PAID SHALL BE AS PROVIDED IN SECTION 6700 OF THE GOVERNMENT CODE. YOU MAY OBTAIN THE HOLIDAY PROVISIONS FOR THE CURRENT DETERMINATIONS ONTHE INTERNET AT HTTP://WWW.DIR.CA.GOV/OPRL/DPreWageDetermination.htm. HOLIDAY PROVISIONS FOR THE CURRENT OR SUPERSEDED DETERMINATIONS MAY BE OBTAINED BY CONTACTING THE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR - RESEARCH UNIT AT (415) 703-4774.

TRAVEL AND/OR SUBSISTENCE: IN ACCORDANCE WITH LABOR CODE SECTIONS 1773.1 AND 1773.9, CONTRACTORS SHALL MAKE TRAVEL AND/OR SUBSISTENCE PAYMENTS TO EACH WORKER TO EXECUTE THE WORK. YOU MAY OBTAIN THE TRAVEL AND/OR SUBSISTENCE PROVISIONS FOR THE CURRENT DETERMINATIONS ON THE INTERNET ATHTTP://WWW.DIR.CA.GOV/OPRL/DPreWageDetermination.htm. TRAVEL AND/OR SUBSISTENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR CURRENT OR SUPERSEDED DETERMINATIONS MAY BE OBTAINED BY CONTACTING THE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR - RESEARCH UNIT AT (415) 703-4774.

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6/13/25, 11:33 AM GENERAL PREVAILING WAGE DETERMINATION - STB-2025-1 https://www.dir.ca.gov/OPRL/2025-1/PWD/Determinations/Subtrades/STB.html 3/3 From: [email protected]
To: Paula Perotte; Stuart Kasdin; Luz Reyes-Martin; James Kyriaco; Jennifer Smith Cc: Administration - PW; Robert Nisbet; David Cutaia; [email protected] Subject: A reminder what your union Project Labor Agreement does to the 90% of local construction workers who are union-free.

Date: Tuesday, July 15, 2025 1:06:54 PM
Importance: High
CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

City of Goleta Councilmembers,

Following up on our previous email to you (see below) we wanted to specifically speak today about what the Project Labor Agreement does to union-free workers, workers who according to the Labor Department, represent 90% of the CA construction workforce:

1) Project Work or “Covered Project”: Council Resolution 21-47 established a cost threshold of $5 million (adjusted annually for inflation) and defined the types of construction work to which the PLA would apply. If PLAs are so good, as proponents claim, why a threshold at all?

2) Local Participation Goal: The PLA establishes a goal of at least fifty percent (50%) of all of the construction labor hours worked on the Project shall be from Local Area Residents (Residents of the City of Goleta - Tier 1, Santa Barbara County - Tier 2, and Counties of Ventura and San Luis Obispo - Tier 3), with first priority referrals on all contractor requests given to available Local Area Residents. The PLA also encourages the use of military veteran’s and fostering of jointly trusted state apprenticeship programs. What are your current local hire percentages from these three counties? How have the City and County of Santa Barbara done on local hire goal seeing how 90% of the local construction workforce is union-free? You’re making it harder to achieve this goal by making all but impossible for merit shop contractors to work for you. Also, this is a “goal” with no consequences for any failure to meet it so it’s meaningless.

3) Core Workers: A Local Area Contractor (a contractor whose principal place of business has been continuously located and operating within Santa Barbara County, including the City of Goleta, for at least one year prior to the award of Project Work), which is not currently working under a Master Labor Agreement (Non-MLA signatory contractor), may directly employ up to a maximum of three (3) employees of its regular, local, experienced Page 2 of 4 2 Meeting Date:

July 15, 2025 workforce. After employing three (3) Core Workers, a Local Non-MLA Contractor may directly employ up to three (3) additional Core Workers by providing one (1) Core Worker for each worker referred through the Union referral list. This alternating hiring procedure would allow for up to six (6) total Core Workers, if a local, Non-MLA Contractor is utilizing a workforce of nine (9) or greater employees. IF a union-free LOCAL contractor does win the job they are limited to only using 3-6 of their own local workforce and must use union workers they have no relationship with to fill out their workforce, even if those workers are not local. How does this make any sense?

4) Benefit Plans: All Contractors shall pay contributions to the established employee benefit funds contained in the applicable Master Labor Agreement. These 3-6 union-free workers would then be forced to have all their benefits (approximately $20 per hour) sent to a union benefit plan that worker will never vest in. This is wage theft and begs the question:

Why can’t they keep their current benefits? Why are you making it all but impossible for a local union-free contractor to bid your work? What does this have to do with anything construction related?

10. FISCAL IMPACTS: Application of the PLA to the construction of Fire Station 10 will require additional staff and/or consultant time. Specifically, the PLA requires that the City provide a PLA Coordinator to monitor compliance and assist with implementing and administering the Agreement. The Coordinator role can be provided by Staff or by contract. No appropriations are requested as part of this Council action. So you are creating another level of bureaucracy that will cost you money you could use to build things just to implement this agreement.

Again, why?

None of these provisions have anything to do with building projects and everything to do with giving big labor special interests a monopoly on your work that will result in workers from outside the region being employed while local contractors, workers and apprentices are not working on projects paid for with their tax dollars.

Eric Christen
Executive Director
Coalition for Fair Employment in Construction
www.opencompca.com
[email protected]
858-431-6337

From: [email protected] <[email protected]> Sent: Monday, July 14, 2025 10:13 AM
To: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Cc: [email protected]; [email protected] Subject: What Goleta can expect with a union-only PLA: City of Fresno Union Project Labor Agreement Bid 139% OVER BUDGET!
Importance: High