Agenda packet — Hanford City Council, September 17, 2024 (part 5 of 8)

KINGS MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS | July 2024 | DRAFT

017-350-088-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY
RESIDENTIAL R-1-6
4 7 0.11 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-350-089-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY
RESIDENTIAL R-1-6
4 7 0.11 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-350-090-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY
RESIDENTIAL R-1-6
4 7 0.11 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-350-091-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY

RESIDENTIAL
R-1-6
4 7 0.14 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-350-092-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY
RESIDENTIAL R-1-6
4 7 0.14 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-350-093-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY
RESIDENTIAL R-1-6
4 7 0.11 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-350-094-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY
RESIDENTIAL R-1-6
4 7 0.11 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-350-095-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY

RESIDENTIAL
R-1-6
4 7 0.11 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-340-001-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY
RESIDENTIAL R-1-6
4 7 0.11 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-340-002-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY

RESIDENTIAL
R-1-6
4 7 0.11 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-340-003-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY
RESIDENTIAL R-1-6
4 7 0.17 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-340-004-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY

RESIDENTIAL
R-1-6
4 7 0.22 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-340-005-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY
RESIDENTIAL R-1-6
4 7 0.21 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-340-006-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY

RESIDENTIAL
R-1-6
4 7 0.2 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1

Page 550 of 1008 ends

KINGS MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS | July 2024 | DRAFT

017-340-007-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY
RESIDENTIAL R-1-6
4 7 0.19 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-340-008-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY
RESIDENTIAL R-1-6
4 7 0.25 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-340-009-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY
RESIDENTIAL R-1-6
4 7 0.22 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-340-010-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY

RESIDENTIAL
R-1-6
4 7 0.22 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-340-011-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY
RESIDENTIAL R-1-6
4 7 0.17 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-340-012-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY
RESIDENTIAL R-1-6
4 7 0.18 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
017-340-013-
000
MEDIUM

DENSITY
RESIDENTIAL R-1-6
4 7 0.16 Vacant YES - Current
NO -
Privately-
Owned Available
Not Used in
Prior
Housing
Element

1 1
Total 439.82 294
641 463 1398

Page 551 of 1008 ends

APPENDIX C: COUNTY OF KINGS
(UNINCORPORATED)

2024 – 2032 Housing Element
Draft - July 2024

Prepared By:

Realty Planners Group
Fallbrook, California

Kings County Lemoore Corcoran Hanford Avenal Kings (Unincorporated)

• • • • •

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APPENDIX C: COUNTY OF KINGS

Kings County and Cities of 2024-2032 Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford and Lemoore Appendix C - 2 Housing Element

APPENDIX C: Public Participation Summary

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Housing Needs Survey Ques�ons ...................................................................................... 3 Kings County Stakeholder List ........................................................................................... 6 Kings County No�ce of Public Workshops ......................................................................... 10 City of Avenal Public No�ce ........................................................................................... 11 City of Corcoran Public No�ce ........................................................................................ 12 City of Hanford Public No�ce .......................................................................................... 13 City of Lemoore Public No�ce ........................................................................................ 14 Addi�onal Flyers and Communica�ons ............................................................................ 15 Community Workshop PowerPoint Presenta�ons .............................................................. 18

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APPENDIX C: COUNTY OF KINGS

Kings County and Cities of 2024-2032 Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford and Lemoore Appendix C - 3 Housing Element

Housing Needs Survey Ques�ons
The following is a Housing Needs Survey prepared by county staﬀ and shared to the ci�es of Avenal, Corcoran, Lemoore, and Hanford for public par�cipa�on with comments received by November 27th, 2023.

Housing Needs Survey
6th Cycle Housing Element Update
November 2023

1. Do you live or work in Kings County? (Select all that apply.) a. Live in Kings County
b. Work in Kings County
c. Live and work in Kings County
d. Business owner in Kings County
e. Interested in Kings County housing issues
f. Neither

2. How long have you lived in Kings County?
a. Less than 1 year
b. 1-5 years
c. 6-10 years
d. 10-19 years
e. 20+ years
f. I do not live in Kings County

3. What’s your living situation?
a. Own
b. Rent
c. Live with family or friends
d. Unhoused
e. Other:__________________________________________________

4. What is your age?
a. Under 17
b. 18-24
c. 25-34
d. 35-44
e. 45-64
f. 65-74
g. 75+

5. What is your race/ethnicity?
a. White/Caucasian

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APPENDIX C: COUNTY OF KINGS

Kings County and Cities of 2024-2032 Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford and Lemoore Appendix C - 4 Housing Element

b. Hispanic/Latino
c. Black/African Ancestry
d. Asian/Asian Ancestry
e. Native American or Indigenous
f. Middle Eastern
g. Two or more races
h. I prefer not to say

6. What is your total annual income?
a. Up to $35,000
b. $35,000 to $56,000
c. $56,000 to $72,000
d. $72,000 to $87,000
e. $87,000 to $97,000
f. $97,000 or more
g. Prefer not to answer

7. What percentage of your income is spent on housing costs (including mortgage or rent and utilities, property tax, and homeowners insurance)? a. Less than 30% of income
b. Between 30-50% of income
c. More than 50% of income
d. Does not apply

8. Select the top 3 housing priorities for Kings County. a. Increase the amount of housing that is affordable for moderate-, low-, and very low-income residents
b. More senior housing
c. Market-rate apartments
d. Code enforcement
e. Temporary housing for displaced families
f. Create programs to help existing homeowners stay in their homes g. Make it easier to build in Kings County
h. Improve substandard housing conditions
i. Increase homeownership opportunities for moderate-, low-, and very low-income residents
j. Target efforts to address inequities in the housing market, including discrimination in renting
k. Other: _______________________________________________

9. How well does your current housing meet your needs?
a. I am satisfied with my housing
b. My unit is in bad condition, and I cannot afford to make the needed repairs
c. I am unable to house additional family members

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APPENDIX C: COUNTY OF KINGS

Kings County and Cities of 2024-2032 Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford and Lemoore Appendix C - 5 Housing Element

d. My unit is substandard or in bad condition, and I need my landlord to respond
e. I would like to downsize, but I am unable to find a smaller unit f. My unit needs improvements to make it easier to live with a disability g. None of the above
h. Other:_________________________________________________

10. What are the preferred types of homes you would like to see built in Kings County?
a. Single-family homes
b. Homes targeted for a specific purpose or population, including seniors, persons with disabilities, farm employees, permanent supportive housing (for people experiencing homelessness, transitional housing, etc.) c. Townhomes
d. Mixed-income housing
e. Low-density Multi-family housing (duplexes, triplexes, quadplexes) f. Higher-density Multi-family housing (15+ units)
g. Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs)/Junior Accessory Dwelling Units (JADUs) h. Other:______________________________________________

11. There is insufficient housing in my community for (please select all that apply). a. Single individuals
b. Families with children
c. Low-income households
d. Older adults (seniors, elderly)
e. Persons with disabilities
f. I don’t know
g. Other:______________________________________________

12. Please identify the top barrier to affordable housing. a. Limited availability of affordable units
b. Quality of affordable housing does not meet my standards c. Lack of resources
d. Long waitlists
e. Cost of buying a home
f. Income limits on affordable housing
g. Senior living, both assisted and independent
h. Other:___________________________________________________

13. Are there strategies to meet housing needs that you believe Kings County should consider?

14. Please share any other comments you have related to housing in Kings County.

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APPENDIX C: COUNTY OF KINGS

Kings County and Cities of 2024-2032 Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford and Lemoore Appendix C - 6 Housing Element

Kings County Stakeholder List
The following is list of Kings County Stakeholders prepared by the county May 26th, 2023.

LISA LEWIS

KINGS COUNTY BEHAVIORAL HEALTH
1400 W. LACEY BLVD.

HANFORD, CA 93230

KETTLEMAN CITY CSD
PO BOX 66
KETTLEMAN CITY, CA 93239

ARMONA COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT
PO BOX 486
ARMONA, CA 93202

HOME GARDEN CSD
1677 2ND PLACE
HANFORD, CA 93230

STRATFORD PUD
19681 RAILROAD AVENUE
PO BOX 85
STRATFORD, CA 93266

JULIETA MARTINEZ
KINGS COUNTY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CORP.
124 N. IRWIN STREET
HANFORD, CA 93230

CAROLINE FERRELL

CENTER ON RACE, POVERTY & THE ENVIRONMENT
1012 JEFFERSON STREET
DELANO, CA 93215

HOUSING AUTHORITY OF KINGS COUNTY
670 SOUTH IRWIN STREET
HANFORD, CA 93230

NANETTE VILLAREAL

KINGS UNITED WAY
125 W. 7TH ST
HANFORD, CA 93230

TODD BARLOW

KINGS COUNTY OFFICE OF EDUCATION
1144 W. LACEY BLVD.

HANFORD, CA 93230

CORCORAN EMERGENCY AID
PO BOX 393
CORCORAN, CA 93212

KINGS COUNTY ACTION ORGANIZATION

JEFF GARNER
1130 N. 11TH AVE
HANFORD, CA 93230

LEMOORE CHRISTIAN AID
224 N. LEMOORE AVE.

LEMOORE, CA 93245

KINGS COUNTY COMMISSION ON AGING

BOBBIE WARSTON
10953 14
TH AVE
ARMONA, CA 93202

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APPENDIX C: COUNTY OF KINGS

Kings County and Cities of 2024-2032 Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford and Lemoore Appendix C - 7 Housing Element

THE SALVATION ARMY
LT. SHANNON BROWN
380 E. IVY STREET
HANFORD, CA 93230

KINGS PARTNERSHIP FOR CHILDREN

GABRIELA RODRIGUEZ
PO BOX 682
HANFORD, CA 93232

CHURCH OF THE SAVIOUR, SOUP KITCHEN

CAROLE FARRIS
519 NORTH DOUTY STREET
HANFORD, CA 93230

TACHI-YOKUT TRIBE
PO BOX 8
LEMOORE, CA 93245

SELF HELP ENTERPRISES

TOM COLLISHAW
PO BOX 6520
VISALIA, CA 93290

HABITAT FOR HUMANITY

BOB HUGHES
PO BOX 848
VISALIA, CA 93279

KINGS COUNTY VETERANS SERVICES

SCOTT HOLWELL
1400 W. LACEY BLVD., LAW BLDG #4
HANFORD, CA 93230

KINGS REHABILITATION CENTER
409 E HANFORD ARMONA RD
HANFORD, CA 93230

CYNTHIA ECHAVARRIA BARUCH

COMMUNITY PLANNER & LIAISON OFFICER
750 ENTERPRISE AVENUE
NAS LEMOORE, CA 93246

JIMMY HOOK

AGRICULTURAL COMMISSIONER
680 N. CAMPUS DR. SUITE B
HANFORD, CA 93230

CORCORAN JOURNAL
1040 WHITLEY AVE.

CORCORAN, CA 93212

HANFORD SENTINEL
300 W. 6TH ST
HANFORD, CA 93230

KEVIN ROBERTSON

KINGS COUNTY FARM BUREAU
870 GREENFIELD AVENUE
HANFORD, CA 93230

CALIFORNIA RURAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE
3747 E. SHIELDS AVE
FRESNO, CA 93726

CENTRAL VALLEY CHRISTIAN HOUSING DEVELOPMENT
2222 W. SUNNYSIDE AVE
VISALIA, CA 93277

AMERICAN RED CROSS
208 WEST MAIN STREET SUITE B
VISALIA, CALIFORNIA 93291

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APPENDIX C: COUNTY OF KINGS

Kings County and Cities of 2024-2032 Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford and Lemoore Appendix C - 8 Housing Element

KINGS COMMUNITY ACTION ORGANIZATION EMERGENCY SVCS
1130 N. 11TH AVE
HANFORD, CALIFORNIA 93230

CHAMPIONS RECOVERY ALTERNATIVE PROGRAMS

FRANK RUIZ
311 N. DOUTY ST.

HANFORD, CALIFORNIA 93230

TERRI KING

KINGS COUNTY ASSOCIATION OF GOVERNMENTS
339 W. D STREET, SUITE B
LEMOORE, CA 93245

UNITED CEREBRAL PALSY OF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA
606 WEST SIXTH STREET
HANFORD, CALIFORNIA 93230

MICHELLE BROWN

MAIN STREET HANFORD
219 W. LACEY BLVD
HANFORD, CA 93230

MIGUEL PEREZ

KINGS TULARE HOMELESS ALLIANCE
PO BOX 1742
VISALIA, CA 93279

REFUGE ARMONA
PO BOX 1921
HANFORD, CA 93232

ANGIE DOW

KINGS AREA REGIONAL TRANSPORT
610 W 7TH ST
HANFORD, CA 93230

WENDY OSIKAFO

KINGS COUNTY HUMAN SERVICES AGENCY
1400 W. LACEY BLVD.

HANFORD, CA 93230

CASA OF KINGS COUNTY
101 N. IRWIN ST. SUITE 110B
HANFORD, CA 93230

KINGS COUNTY HOMELESSNESS COLLABORATIVE
1400 W. LACEY BLVD.

HANFORD, CA 93230

CENTRAL VALLEY REGIONAL CENTER

CHRISTINA SCOTT
5441 W. CYPRESS AVE.

VISALIA, CA 93277

GOLDEN EAGLE PANTRY

WEST HILLS COLLEGE LEMOORE
555 COLLEGE AVE.

LEMOORE, CA 93245

CITY OF AVENAL

KAO NOU YANG
919 SKYLINE BLVD.

AVENAL, CA 93204

CITY OF CORCORAN

KEVIN TROMBORG
832 WHITLEY AVE
CORCORAN, CA 93212

CITY OF HANFORD

JASON WATERS
317 N DOUTY ST
HANFORD, CA 93230

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APPENDIX C: COUNTY OF KINGS

Kings County and Cities of 2024-2032 Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford and Lemoore Appendix C - 9 Housing Element

CITY OF LEMOORE

KRISTIE BALEY
711 W. CINNAMON DR
LEMOORE, CA 93245

KINGS COUNTY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY

CHUCK KINNEY
1400 W. LACEY BLVD.

HANFORD, CA 93230

KINGS GOSPEL MISSION
PO BOX 1124
HANFORD, CA 93230

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APPENDIX C: COUNTY OF KINGS

Kings County and Cities of 2024-2032 Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford and Lemoore Appendix C - 10 Housing Element

Kings County No�ce of Public Workshops
The following are copies of Kings County Public no�ces prepared regarding the proposed 2024- 2032 Housing Element Update and Fair Housing Analysis.

COUNTY OF KINGS

NOTICE OF PLANNING COMMISSION MEETING
& PUBLIC WORKSHOP ON THE PROPOSED
2024-2032 GENERAL PLAN HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE & FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVE N that the County of Kings , California, will conduct a Public Workshop on Monday, November 6, 2023, at 7:00 pm to receive input from the public on the proposed 2024-2032 Housing Element Update and the Fair Housing Analysis . Each jurisdiction within Kings County ( Kings County unincorporated and the Cities of Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford, and Lemoore ) will conduct a Public Workshop for the Housing Element Update and the Fair Housing Analysis, as follows:

• City of Hanford – Joint Study with City Council & Planning Commission on Monday, November 6, 2023, at 4:00 pm, located in the City Hall-Training Room, 319 N. Douty St., Hanford, CA 93230 • Kings County unincorporated – Planning Commission & Public Workshop on Monday, November 6, 2023, at 7:00 pm, located in the Multi-Purpose Room, 1400 W. Lacey Blvd., Administration Building #1, Hanford, CA 93230
• City of Lemoore – City Council & Public Workshop on Tuesday, November 7, 2023, at 5:30 pm, located in the City Council Chambers, 429 C Street, Lemoore, CA 93245 • City of Avenal – Town Hall Meeting on Wednesday, November 8, 2023, at 6:00 pm, located in Avenal Theater, 233 E. Kings St., Avenal, CA 93204
• City of Corcoran – Planning Commission & Public Workshop on Monday, November 20, 2023, at 5:30 pm, located in City Council Chambers, 1015 Chittenden Ave., Corcoran, CA 93212

The Housing Element, a part of each jurisdiction’s General Plan, is required to identify and analyze existing and projected housing needs in order to preserve, improve and develop housing for all economic segments of the community, thereby affirmatively furthering fair housing policies and programs. The update will cover the County’s & Cities’ housing policies, goals and objectives for the planning period ending in 2032. In addition, the Housing Element will also include a fair housing analysis concerning fair housing enforcement, integration and segregation patterns and trends, racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty, disparities in access to opportunity, disproportionate housing needs in the city, and displacement risks.

Public Participation in the preparation of the Housing Element is a very important component of the planning process. The primary purpose of the Workshop is to receive the maximum public participation from citizens and stakeholders in the preparation of the Housing Element. The Workshop will provide participants with an opportunity to provide c omments and to be involved in the plan-making process. Each jurisdiction (through its consultants) will answer any questions and record the public comments received at a meeting.

A Spanish interpreter will be present at the meeting.

Any person with impairment pursuant to the American Disabilities Act (“ADA”) who needs special accommodation for the Public Hearing or needs further information, please call the Kings County Community Development Agency at the number noted below.

Any person unable to attend the meeting may submit written comments to the Executive Secretary, Chanda Jackson, of the Kings County Community Development Agency, 1400 W. Lacey Blvd., Building #6, Hanford, CA 93230, or by email at [email protected] .

KINGS COUNTY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
/s/ Chuck Kinney
Chuck Kinney, Zoning Administrator

Publish: October 27, 2023

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APPENDIX C: COUNTY OF KINGS

Kings County and Cities of 2024-2032 Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford and Lemoore Appendix C - 11 Housing Element

City of Avenal Public No�ce
The following a no�ce of Town Hall Mee�ng for the Proposed 2024-2032 General Plan Housing Element Update & Fair Housing Analysis.

CITY OF AVENAL

NOTICE OF TOWN HALL MEETING ON THE PROPOSED
2024-2032 GENERAL PLAN HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE & FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS Location: Avenal Theater
Address: 233 E. Kings St., Avenal, CA 93204

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the City of Avenal, California, will conduct a Public Workshop on Wednesday, November 8, 2023 at 6:00 pm to receive input from the public on the proposed 2024-2032 Housing Element Update and the Fair Housing Analysis.

The Housing Element, a part of the City of Avenal’s General Plan, is required to identify and analyze existing and projected housing needs in order to preserve, improve and develop housing for all economic segments of the community, thereby affirmatively furthering fair housing policies and programs. The update will cover the City of Avenal’s housing policies, goals and objectives for the planning period ending in 2032. In addition, the Housing Element will also include a fair housing analysis concerning fair housing enforcement, integration and segregation patterns and trends, racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty, disparities in access to opportunity, disproportionate housing needs in the city, and displacement risks.

Public Participation in the preparation of the Housing Element is a very important component of the planning process. The primary purpose of the Workshop is to receive the maximum public participation from citizens and stakeholders in the preparation of the housing element. The Workshop will provide the participants an opportunity to provide c omments and to be involved in the plan-making process. The City (through its consultants) will answer any questions and record the public comments received at the meeting. A Spanish interpreter will be present at the meeting.

Any person unable to attend the meeting may submit written comments to the (City/County Clerk) of the (City of /County of) ________________ (Name), (address), or by email at _________ or by fax at ___________.

Posted and published: ________________________________.

_________________________
City/County Clerk
City/County of _________ (Name)

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APPENDIX C: COUNTY OF KINGS

Kings County and Cities of 2024-2032 Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford and Lemoore Appendix C - 12 Housing Element

City of Corcoran Public No�ce
The following a no�ce of Planning Commission Mee�ng for the Proposed 2024-2032 General Plan Housing Element Update & Fair Housing Analysis.

CITY OF CORCORAN

NOTICE OF PLANNING COMMISSION MEETING
& PUBLIC WORKSHOP ON THE PROPOSED
2024-2032 GENERAL PLAN HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE & FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS Location: Corcoran City Council Chambers
Address: 1015 Chittenden Ave., Corcoran, CA 93212

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the City of Corcoran, California, will conduct a Public Workshop on Monday, November 20, 2023 at 5:30 pm to receive input from the public on the proposed 2024-2032 Housing Element Update and the Fair Housing Analysis.

The Housing Element, a part of the City of Corcoran’s General Plan, is required to identify and analyze existing and projected housing needs in order to preserve, improve and develop housing for all economic segments of the community, thereby affirmatively furthering fair housing policies and programs. The update will cover the City of Corcoran’s housing policies, goals and objectives for the planning period ending in 2032. In addition, the Housing Element will also include a fair housing analysis concerning fair housing enforcement, integration and segregation patterns and trends, racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty, disparities in access to opportunity, disproportionate housing needs in the city, and displacement risks.

Public Participation in the preparation of the Housing Element is a very important component of the planning process. The primary purpose of the Workshop is to receive the maximum public participation from citizens and stakeholders in the preparation of the housing element. The Workshop will provide the participants an opportunity to provide c omments and to be involved in the plan-making process. The City (through its consultants) will answer any questions and record the public comments received at the meeting. A Spanish interpreter will be present at the meeting.

Posted and published: ________________________________.

_________________________
City/County Clerk
City/County of _________ (Name)

Page 563 of 1008 ends

APPENDIX C: COUNTY OF KINGS

Kings County and Cities of 2024-2032 Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford and Lemoore Appendix C - 13 Housing Element

City of Hanford Public No�ce
The following a no�ce of Planning Commission Mee�ng for the Proposed 2024-2032 General Plan Housing Element Update & Fair Housing Analysis.

CITY OF HANFORD

NOTICE OF JOINT STUDY
& PUBLIC WORKSHOP ON THE PROPOSED
2024-2032 GENERAL PLAN HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE & FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS Location: Hanford City Hall-Training Room
Address: 319 N. Douty St., Hanford, CA 93230

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the City of Hanford, California, will conduct a Public Workshop on Monday, November 6, 2023 at 4:00 pm to receive input from the public on the proposed 2024-2032 Housing Element Update and the Fair Housing Analysis.

The Housing Element, a part of the City of Hanford’s General Plan, is required to identify and analyze existing and projected housing needs in order to preserve, improve and develop housing for all economic segments of the community, thereby affirmatively furthering fair housing policies and programs. The update will cover the City of Hanford’s housing policies, goals and objectives for the planning period ending in 2032. In addition, the Housing Element will also include a fair housing analysis concerning fair housing enforcement, integration and segregation patterns and trends, racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty, disparities in access to opportunity, disproportionate housing needs in the city, and displacement risks.

Public Participation in the preparation of the Housing Element is a very important component of the planning process. The primary purpose of the Workshop is to receive the maximum public participation from citizens and stakeholders in the preparation of the housing element. The Workshop will provide the participants an opportunity to provide c omments and to be involved in the plan-making process. The City (through its consultants) will answer any questions and record the public comments received at the meeting. A Spanish interpreter will be present at the meeting.

Posted and published: ________________________________.

_________________________
City/County Clerk
City/County of _________ (Name)

Page 564 of 1008 ends

APPENDIX C: COUNTY OF KINGS

Kings County and Cities of 2024-2032 Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford and Lemoore Appendix C - 14 Housing Element

City of Lemoore Public No�ce
The following a no�ce of Planning Commission Mee�ng for the Proposed 2024-2032 General Plan Housing Element Update & Fair Housing Analysis.

CITY OF LEMOORE

NOTICE OF CITY COUNCIL MEETING
& PUBLIC WORKSHOP ON THE PROPOSED
2024-2032 GENERAL PLAN HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE & FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS Location: Lemoore City Council Chambers
Address: 429 C Street, Lemoore, CA 93245

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the City of Lemoore, California, will conduct a Public Workshop on Tuesday, November 7, 2023 at 5:30 pm to receive input from the public on the proposed 2024-2032 Housing Element Update and the Fair Housing Analysis.

The Housing Element, a part of the City of Lemoore’s General Plan, is required to identify and analyze existing and projected housing needs in order to preserve, improve and develop housing for all economic segments of the community, thereby affirmatively furthering fair housing policies and programs. The update will cover the City of Lemoore’s housing policies, goals and objectives for the planning period ending in 2032. In addition, the Housing Element will also include a fair housing analysis concerning fair housing enforcement, integration and segregation patterns and trends, racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty, disparities in access to opportunity, disproportionate housing needs in the city, and displacement risks.

Public Participation in the preparation of the Housing Element is a very important component of the planning process. The primary purpose of the Workshop is to receive the maximum public participation from citizens and stakeholders in the preparation of the housing element. The Workshop will provide the participants an opportunity to provide c omments and to be involved in the plan-making process. The City (through its consultants) will answer any questions and record the public comments received at the meeting. A Spanish interpreter will be present at the meeting.

Posted and published: ________________________________.

_________________________
City/County Clerk
City/County of _________ (Name)

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APPENDIX C: COUNTY OF KINGS

Kings County and Cities of 2024-2032 Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford and Lemoore Appendix C - 15 Housing Element

Addi�onal Flyers and Communica�ons
The following is a Kings County Planning Commission Mee�ng & Public Workshops No�ce as well as Flyers for the event in English and Spanish.

NOTICE OF PLANNING COMMISSION MEETING
& PUBLIC WORKSHOP ON THE PROPOSED
2024-2032 GENERAL PLAN HOUSING ELEMENT UPDATE & FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS Location: Administration Building #1 – Multi-Purpose Room Address: Kings County Government Center, 1400 W. Lacey Blvd., Hanford, CA 93230

The Housing Element, a part of the 2035 Kings County General Plan, is required to identify and analyze existing and projected housing needs in order to preserve, improve and develop housing for all economic segments of the community, thereby affirmatively furthering fair housing policies and programs. The update will cover the County’s housing policies, goals and objectives for the planning period ending in 2032. In addition, the Housing Element will also include a fair housing analysis concerning fair housing enforcement, integration and segregation patterns and trends, racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty, disparities in access to opportunity, disproportionate housing needs in the city, and displacement risks.

Public Participation in the preparation of the Housing Element is a very important component of the planning process. The primary purpose of the Workshop is to receive the maximum public participation from citizens and stakeholders in the preparation of the Housing Element. The Workshop will provide the participants with an opportunity to provide comments and to be involved in the plan -making process. The County (through its consultants) will answer any questions and record the public comments received at the meeting. A Spanish interpreter will be present at the meeting.

KINGS COUNTY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
/s/ Chuck Kinney
Chuck Kinney, Zoning Administrator

Publish: October 27, 2023

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APPENDIX C: COUNTY OF KINGS

Kings County and Cities of 2024-2032 Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford and Lemoore Appendix C - 16 Housing Element

COUNTY OF KINGS

PUBLIC WORKSHOP
2024-2032 Housing Element Update
8 Fair Housing Analysis

PLEASE COME TO SHARE YOUR

THOUGHTS AND COMMENTS ABOUT THE

HOUSING NEEDS WITHIN KINGS COUNTY
Date: Monday, November 6, 2023
Time: 7:00 pm
Location: Multi-Purpose Room
Kings County Government Center
1400 Lacey Blvd., Administration Building #1
Hanford, CA 93230
For more information, please call the Kings County
Commun ity Development Agency at (559) 852-2670.

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APPENDIX C: COUNTY OF KINGS

Kings County and Cities of 2024-2032 Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford and Lemoore Appendix C - 17 Housing Element

CONDADO DE KINGS

TALLER PUBLICO
2024-2032 Actuallzaclon del Elemento de
Vlulencla y Anallsls de vtulenda Justa

POR FAVOR VENGA A COMPARTIR SUS

PENSAMIENTOS Y COMENTARIOS SOBRE LAS

NECESIDADES DE VIV/ENDA DENTRO DEL CONDADO

DE KINGS
Fecha: Miercoles, 6 de Noviembre 2023
Comienza: 7:00 pm
Ubicacicin: Sala multipropcisito
Kings County Governme nt Center
1400 Lacey Blvd., Administration Building #1
Hanford, CA 93230
Para obtener mas informac i6n, llame a la Agencia de
Desarrollo Comunitario del Condado de Kings al (559) 852-2670.

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APPENDIX C: COUNTY OF KINGS

Kings County and Cities of 2024-2032 Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford and Lemoore Appendix C - 18 Housing Element

Community Workshop PowerPoint Presenta�ons
The following are PowerPoint Presenta�ons for each jurisdic�on conducted for the public by consultant and county staﬀ during public workshops.

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APPENDIX 1: COUNTY OF KINGS
(UNINCORPORATED)

FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS
Draft - July 2024

Prepared By:

Realty Planners Group
Fallbrook, California

Kings County Lemoore Corcoran Hanford Avenal Kings (Unincorporated) • • • • •

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SECTION 1: TABLE OF CONTENTS
KINGS MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS | July 2024 | DRAFT

1 APPENDIX 1: COUNTY OF KINGS (UNINC.) FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COUNTY OF KINGS
Local Assessment of Fair Housing ............................................................................................. 5 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 5 Outreach ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Fair Housing Issues ..................................................................................................................... 8 Patterns of Integration and Segregation ...................................................................................... 8 Access to Opportunity ............................................................................................................... 24 Disproportionate Housing Need and Displacement Risk ............................................................ 36 Constraints................................................................................................................................ 48 Review Of Past Accomplishments ............................................................................................ 50 Sites Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 59 Sites Inventory Findings ........................................................................................................... 76 Identification of Contributing Factors and Fair Housing Priorities & Goals ................................... 78

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1 TABLES

Table 1: Kings County Household Population Growth, 1990-2020 ..................................................................... 9 Table 2: Household Income Distribution by Tenure .......................................................................................... 12 Table 3: Race and Ethnicity ................................................................................................................................ 14 Table 4: Household Characteristics .................................................................................................................... 16 Table 5: Household type by tenure ..................................................................................................................... 18 Table 6: Percentages of Persons with Disability Types in Unincorporated & Kings County ............................ 23 Table 7: Persons with Developmental Disabilities Receiving Services by Residential Type 2021 ................... 24 Table 8: Household Tenure and Vacancy Rates ................................................................................................. 28 Table 9: Travel Time to Work ............................................................................................................................ 31 Table 10: Overcrowding by Tenure .................................................................................................................... 36 Table 11: Household Overpayment by Tenure ................................................................................................... 37 Table 12: Homeless Persons ............................................................................................................................... 41 Table 13: Shelter Facilities in Kings County ...................................................................................................... 42 Table 14: Leading Agricultural Crops, Kings County
Table 15: Leading Agricultural Crops, Kings County ........................................................................................ 44 Table 16: Agricultural Employment by Jurisdiction .......................................................................................... 44 Table 17: Hired Farm Labor-Workers, Kings County ........................................................................................ 45 Table 18: Progress Towards Meeting RHNA ..................................................................................................... 51 Table 19: Kings RHNA 2024-2032 by Income Level ........................................................................................ 73 Table 20: Potential New Dwelling Units by Zone
Table 21 Census-Tract-wise Resource Opportunities
Table 22: Factors Contributing to Fair Housing Issues ...................................................................................... 78

FIGURES

Figure 1: COG Geography TCAC/HCD Opportunity Areas, 2023 ..................................................... 10 Figure 2: Local Median Income (ACS, 2017-2021) - TRACT ........................................................... 11 Figure 3: Poverty Status (ACS, 2017-2021) – TRACT ..................................................................... 13 Figure 4: Local Racial Demographics .............................................................................................. 15 Figure 5: Local RCAAs .................................................................................................................... 16 Figure 6: Single-Parent Female-Headed Households with Children.................................................. 19 Figure 7: Population with a Disability ................................................................................................ 22 Figure 8: Kings County All Transit Performance Score ..................................................................... 26 Figure 9: Kings County High quality transit stops and transit area (1/2 mile) ................................... 27 Figure 10: Employment by Industry of Kings County Workforce ...................................................... 29 Figure 11: High Quality transit stops and transit area (1/2 Mile) & Jobs within 45-minute transit commute. ........................................................................................................................................ 30 Figure 12: School districts in Kings County ..................................................................................... 32 Figure 13: CalEnviroScreen 4.0 & high-quality transit stops (Transit area ½ mile) ........................... 34 Figure 14: Flood Hazard Zones ....................................................................................................... 35 Figure 15: Overcrowding in Kings County ........................................................................................ 38 Figure 16: Overpayment by renters (ACS, 2017-2021) – Tract Level .............................................. 39 Figure 17: Percentage of Homeowners Overpaying ......................................................................... 40 Figure 18: Estimated displacement risk – Overall displacement by tract .......................................... 47 Figure 19: Armona Community and Surrounding Area Vacant Sites 6,000 sqft or Greater .............. 61 Figure 20: Armona Community and Surrounding Area Vacant Land Inventory ................................ 62 Figure 21: County Zoning Surrounding City of Hanford Vacant Sites 6,000 sqft or Greater ............. 63 Figure 22: County Zoning Surrounding City of Lemoore Vacant Sites 6,000 sqft or Greater............ 64 Figure 23: Grangeville Rural Interface and Surrounding Area Vacant Sites 6,000 sqft or Greater ... 65 Figure 24: Grangeville Rural Interface and Surrounding Area Vacant Land Inventory ..................... 66

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1 Figure 25: Home Garden Community and Surrounding Area Vacant Sites 6,000 sqft or Greater .... 67 Figure 26: Home Garden Community and Surrounding Area Vacant Land Inventory ...................... 68 Figure 27: Kettleman City Community Vacant Sites 6,000 sqft or Greater ....................................... 69 Figure 28: Kettleman City Community and Surrounding Area Vacant Land Inventory ..................... 70 Figure 29: Stratford Community Zoning Vacant Sites 6,000 sqft or Greater .................................... 71 Figure 30: Stratford Community and Surrounding Area Vacant Land Inventory ............................... 72

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KINGS MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS | JULY 2024 | DRAFT 1A-5 APPENDIX 1: COUNTY OF KINGS

Local Assessment of Fair Housing
Introduction
Assembly Bill (AB) 686 requires that all housing elements due on or after January 1, 2021, contain an Assessment of Fair Housing (AFH) consistent with the core elements of the analysis required by the federal Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH) Final Rule of July 16, 2015. Under California law, AFFH means “taking meaningful actions, in addition to combating discrimination, that overcome patterns of segregation and foster inclusive communities free from barriers that restrict access to opportunity based on protected characteristics.”1
California Government Code Section 65583 (10)(A)(ii) requires local jurisdictions to analyze racially or ethnically concentrated areas of poverty and affluence, disparities in access to opportunity, and disproportionate housing needs, including displacement risk. Although this is the Housing Element for the County of Kings , Government Code Section 65583 (c) (10) requires all local jurisdictions to address patterns locally and regionally to compare conditions at the local level to the rest of the region. This section is organized by fair housing topics strategies to address the identified issues are included throughout the section. Through discussions with housing service providers, fair housing advocates, and this assessment of fair housing issues, the County of Kings identified factors that contribute to fair housing issues.

Kings County is located within the agriculturally rich San Joaquin Valley, with Fresno County to the north and west, Tulare County to the east, and Kern County to the south. Created in 1893, Kings County was carved from the western portion of Tulare County and later added another 100 square miles. The Kings River, from which the County derives its name, runs along the northern edges and flows south towards the center of the County. Historically, this river flowed farther south to what was once Tulare Lake. Kings County is comprised of four cities (Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford, and Lemoore), four unincorporated community service areas (Armona, Home Garden, Kettleman City, and Stratford), and a few other smaller community pockets. According to the California Depa rtment of Finance (DOF), approximately 150,000 people lived in Kings County as of January 2015, with approximately 13,500 of those housed within the three state prison facilities. The County’s transportation network has played a key role in its economic development. Agriculture remains the predominant landscape of Kings County, with approximately 84% of its land area used for agriculture.

The availability of decent and affordable housing for residents is an important housing goal. To accomplish this goal, a comprehensive assessment of housing needs provides the basis for developing responsive policies and programs. This section also presents and analyzes demographic, economic, and housing characteristics and their impact upon housing needs in the cities of Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford, and Lemoore and unincorporated Kings County.

1 California Department of Housing and Community Development, Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing: Guidance for All Public Entities and for Housing Elements (April 2021 Update), April 27, 2021, preface page, https://www.hcd.ca.gov/community- development/affh/docs/affh_document_final_4-27-2021.pdf.

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Outreach

Community Meetings
State law requires local governments to make a diligent effort to achieve public participation in three formal community meetings to initiate the Housing Element. To that end, each jurisdiction has provided opportunities for residents, interested parties, and local officials to participate in the update process and offer recommendations regarding housing needs and strategies to address those needs.

The diligent effort required means that local jurisdictions must do more than issue the customary public notices and conduct standard public hearings prior to adopting a Housing Element. State law requires cities and counties to take active steps to inform, involve, and solicit input from the public, particularly low - income and racial and ethnic households that might otherwise not participate in the process. Spanish- language materials were available, and Spanish translation was made available by request.

The public participation process for this Housing Element involved five major stages:

1. Public workshops and meetings in each of the four cities and the Kings unincorporated County during the preparation of the Draft Housing Element.

2. Prior to submittal of the first draft to California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD), the local government must make the draft available for public comment for 30 days and if any comments were received, take at least 10 business days to consider and incorporate public comments.

3. Publication of the Draft Housing Element and subsequent review by the HCD.

4. Revisions to the Housing Element to address comments from HCD and publication of a revised Draft Housing Element.

5. Public hearings before the Planning Commission and City Council of each city and the Planning Commission and Board of Supervisors of Kings County prior to adoption of the final Housing Element.

To meet the requirements of state law, the County of Kings completed the public outreach at both the local level and as part of the regional Kings County Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element effort to encourage community involvement. These efforts included:
 Regional Project Website
 Stakeholder Consultations and Focus Groups
 Study Sessions with the Planning Commission and Board of Supervisors  Community Workshops
 Community Survey

Regional efforts included community workshops, consultations, and a community survey, all of which are discussed in detail in Appendix C – Public Participation Summary

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Community Workshops

A Kings County 2024-2032 Housing Element & Fair Housing Analysis Public Workshop was held on November 6th, 2023 at 7:00 PM during a Planning Commission meeting. During the workshop presentation county staff and consultants provided a description of the Housing Element adoption process. Consultants and county staff also provided a description of the Fair Housing Analysis process as well as a timeline for adoption. At each workshop, the community was prompted to provide feedback to the prompts listed below  Questions from the participants at the workshop
 What are the housing challenges facing the County?
 What opportunities are available to the County to support housing needs?  What should the top five priorities be?
 Fair Housing issues, complaints and recommendations.

The floor was then opened for public comment after consultant and county staff presentation.

At the City of Hanford, a public workshop took place during a joint City Council/Planning Commission meeting on November 6
th, 2023 at 4:00 PM. During the workshop presentation city staff and consultants provided a description of the Housing Element adoption process. Consultants and city staff also provided a description of the Fair Housing Analysis process as well as a timeline for adoption.

At the City of Lemoore, a public workshop took place during a City Council meeting on November 7th, 2023 at 5:30 PM. During the workshop presentation city staff and consultants provided a description of the Housing Element adoption process and timelines for adoption. Consultants and city staff also provided information on 6 th cycle RHNA allocations as well as a timeline for HCD certification.

At the City of Avenal, a public workshop took place during a Town Hall meeting on November 8th, 2023 at 6:00 PM. During the workshop presentation city staff and consultants provided a description of the Housing Element adoption process and timelines for adoption. Consultants and city staff also provided information on RHNA allocations as well as a timeline for adoption.

At the City of Corcoran, a public workshop took place during a Planning Commission meeting on November 20 th, 2023 at 5:30 PM. During the workshop presentation city staff and consultants provided a description of the Housing Element adoption process and timelines for adoption. Consultants and city staff also provided information on 6th cycle RHNA allocations as well as a timeline for HCD certification.

List of Community Workshops

Jurisdiction Date Format
City of Hanford November 6th, 2023 at 4:00 PM Joint City Council/Planning Commission Meeting
Kings County November 6th, 2023 at 7:00 PM Planning Commission Meeting City of Lemoore November 7th, 2023 at 5:30 PM Planning Commission Meeting City of Avenal November 8th, 2023 at 6:00 PM Town Hall Meeting City of Corcoran November 20th, 2023 at 5:30 PM Planning Commission Meeting

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Fair Housing Issues

Patterns of Integration and Segregation

Income Distribution
The Tax Credit Allocation Committee ( TCAC) and HCD Opportunity Maps help identify areas within the community, particularly in an area as vast as the unincorporated county, that provide stronger access to economic, environmental, or educational opportunities for residents or, conversely, provide more limited access to opportunities. This opportunity mapping can help highlight the need for housing element policies and programs that would help to remediate conditions in low-resource areas and areas of high segregation and poverty and to encourage better access for lower-income households and communities of color to housing in high-resource areas. Segregation is defined as the separation or isolation of a race/ethnic group, national origin group, individuals with disabilities, or other social group by enforced or voluntary residence in a restricted area, by barriers to social connection or dealings between persons or groups, by separate educational facilities, or by other discriminatory means.

As seen in Figure 1, most of the unincorporated Kings County is designated as Moderate resource, or area of High Segregation and Poverty towards the south. However, in the unincorporated county there exists a combination of moderate, low, resource designations and High segregation and poverty towards the south near the city of Avenal. The areas north of the city of Hanford seem to contain the highest resources. The areas of the unincorporated county near the Tule River are abundant with moderate resource designations.

Kings County is comprised of four incorporated cities (Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford, and Lemoore), four unincorporated community service areas (Armona, Home Garden, Kettleman City, and Stratford), and a few other smaller community pockets. According to the DO F, Kings County had a total population of 152,486 in 2020; however, about 10% of that is represented by persons in group quarters , primarily the state prisons and Naval Air Station Lemoore. Thus, Table 1 presents the household population of King County at approximately 137,000 in 2020. Housing needs in Kings County are largely determined by population and employment growth, coupled with various demographic variables. Characteristics such as age, household size, occupation, and income combine to influence the type of housing needed and it s affordability. Given that much of the unincorporated county has maintained a steady population for the past 30 years without much variation seeing merely a change by 6% when compared to the entire county whose household population has grown by more than 50% as seen in table. There has been a decline in population observed in unincorporated Kings County. Overall, according to DOF 2 , Kings County is projected to reach
approximately 153,400 by 2030, an increase of 12% over the 2020 estimate.

2 California, Department of Finance, P-4 Report, Population Projections for California Counties 2015-2030, March 2015

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Table 1: Kings County Household Population Growth, 1990-2020

Jurisdiction
Household Population Change 1990-2020
1990 2000 2010 2020 Persons %
Unincorporated 32,122 31,271 32,165 30,074 2,048 6.40%
County Totals 89,469 109,332 131,402 136,964 47,495 53.10%

Note: All numbers exclude persons in group quarters (State prisons and Naval Air station Lemoore) ; Sources: Census 1990, 200 0, 2010; Cal.DOF, , E5 and E8 Population and Housing Estimates.

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1A-10
APPENDIX 1: COUNTY OF KINGS

Figure 1: COG Geography TCAC/HCD Opportunity Areas, 2023

Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD); California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC), Updated Jan 2023. / MADERA COUNTY

SAN BENITO
COUNTY
Diab/a
Range
[ill
lli}
r.""'.~--,---- ...... ....,'--------'- ~ali~ga
Legend O D
c::::J CA county
C: :, CA county selection
c::J City Boundaries
Cities m Kings County
c::::J Avenal
c::::J Corcoran
c::::J Hanford
c::::J Lemoore
- Highest Resource
- High Resource
Moderate Resource
Low Resource
High Segregation & Poverty
Missin /Insufficient Data

FRESNO COUNTY

KINGS COUN TY
TuleRiv,r

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SECTION 1A: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING

KINGS MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS | JULY 2024 | DRAFT 1A-10

Along with housing prices and rents, household income is the most important factor affecting housing opportunities within Kings County. Housing choices such as tenure (owning versus renting), housing type, and location are dependent on household income. On the other hand, however, household size and type often affect the proportion of income that can be spent on housing. The median household income for the entire County was reported as $48,133.

In general, median household income by census tract reflect those patterns in adjacent tracts within incorporated communities (see Figure 2). In many cases, tracts with particularly high or low median incomes that include incorporated areas also extend into the unincorporated county, making it difficult to determine whether median household income for the tract reflects incomes for residents within or outside of the incorporated areas, although residential areas within incorporated jurisdictions are typical ly denser, indicating that data on these tracts may more accurately reflect conditions for residents of the incorporated jurisdiction. Most of the unincorporated county has median incomes between $30,000 and $87,500 (state median income). Although median household income is a common benchmark for comparison, the distribution of household income also provides a useful measure of housing needs in a community. In housing analysis, households are typically grouped into categories, expressed relative to the Area Median Income (AMI) and adjusted for family size. Using State of California income thresholds, the income groups analyzed were as follows:

• Extremely low income: Up to 30% of AMI
• Very low income: 31-50% of AMI
• Low income: 51-80% of AMI
• Moderate income: 81-120% of AMI
• Upper income: Above 120% of AMI
Table 2 estimates the percentage of households by tenure within each income category in each jurisdiction as reported in HUD Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data based on the Census ACS 2014-2018. Countywide, almost one-quarter (24%) of owner households were in the lower-income category (80% or less than the AMI --extremely-low, very-low, and low incomes), while over one-half (55%) of renter households were in the lower -income category. In the incorporated county more than 60% of owners belonged to the moderate-income category while the renters were mostly distributed in the moderate income and lower income categories. As witnessed at the county and city levels, renters experience a higher proportion of lower-income households.

Extremely Low-Income Households

In 2006 state law was amended (Assembly Bill 2634) to add the extremely low-income (ELI) category (up to 30% AMI) to the required analysis of household characteristics and housing growth needs. Due to their limited incomes, these households have the greate st difficulty finding suitable housing at an affordable price. As Table 1A-2 below shows, the unincorporated Kings County has about 6.5% of extremely low-income category owners and 14% percent of extremely low-income category renters.

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Figure 2: Local Median Income (ACS, 2017-2021) - TRACT
Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development. ACS 5yr estimates (2017-2021). Updated: March 2023. [ill
[ill
FRESN \ O COUNTY
~ ron
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0 °'pc-~
~~ ~ford

KINGS COUNTY
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1A-12

Table 2: Household Income Distribution by Tenure

Income Category Uninc. Kings County
Owners
<= 30% 6.50% 5.50%
>30% to <=50% 9.10% 7.30%
>50% to <=80% 10.70% 11.00%
>80% to <=100% 7.80% 8.60%
>100% 65.70% 67.50%
Total 100.00% 100.00%
Renters
<= 30% 14.10% 17.70%
>30% to <=50% 13.30% 14.60%
>50% to <=80% 26.50% 22.80%
>80% to <=100% 10.50% 11.40%
>100% 35.40% 33.50%
Total 100.00% 100.00%
Source: HUD CHAS data based on Census ACS 2014-2018

Data from the U.S. Census Bureau indicates that from 2010 to 2020, median monthly housing costs in the unincorporated areas of Kings County rose from $960 to $1,094, a 14.0% increase, which is less than the 19.8% increase seen statewide in California. The median household income in unincorporated Kings County was $61,556, lower than the state median of $78,672. Additionally, 11.2% of households in these areas lived below the poverty level, which is slightly better than Kings County’s overall rate of 13.1%, yet still above California’s

9.0% rate.

In 2021, Kings County experienced varying levels of poverty across different regions. Census tracts as seen in Figure 3 in many areas revealed poverty rates reaching up to 30%, particularly pronounced in certain regions.

The northern areas around Hanford generally displayed poverty rates below 10%, indicating a lower prevalence of poverty compared to other areas. In contrast, areas near Corcoran exhibited the highest poverty tract, with rates oscillating between 20 and 30%. Meanwhile, the southern regions near Avenal experienced poverty rates in the range of 10 to 20%. The overall poverty rate for Kings County stood at 16.4%, marking a 2.19% increase from the previous year. The median household income in 2021 was reported at $63,267, showing a growth of

2.78% from the previous year.

The total number of individuals living in poverty in Kings County in 2021 was 24,295, reflecting a fluctuating trend in poverty levels over the preceding years, with the numbers being 19,874 in 2020, 21,840 in 2019, and even higher at 25,481 in 2018 and 24,810 in 2017. According to American Community Survey data from 2017 to 2021, 17.7% of persons in Kings County were in poverty. These statistics underscore the diverse economic landscape of Kings County, where certain areas exhibit significantly higher poverty rates, highlighting the need for targeted socioeconomic interventions.

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KINGS MULTI-JURISDICTION FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS | July 2024 | DRAFT

Figure 3: Poverty Status (ACS, 2017-2021) – TRACT

Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development. American Community Survey (ACS), 2017-2021.

SAN BENITO
COUNTY
Dia b/ a
Ra ng e
Legend
c::::J CA county
• 525 ft
I:_::, CA county selection
CJ City Boundaries
Cities in Kings County
c::::J Avenal
c::::J Corcoran
c::::J Hanford
c::::J Lemoore
Percent of Population whose income in the past
12 months is below poverty level
< 10%
10% - 20%
- 20% -30%
- 30% - 40%
> 40%

M ADERA COUNTY
aliffga
0 □
KINGS G0l'.1Niliill
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KINGS MULTI-JURISDICTION FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS | July 2024 | DRAFT

Racial and Ethnic Characteristics
In unincorporated areas of Kings County, a rich tapestry of cultural and ethnic diversity is evident. Nearly half of the population, 49.30%, identifies as not Hispanic or Latino, with the largest subgroup being White, comprising 36.30%. This is followed by a notable Black or African American presence, accounting for

5.10%, and smaller, yet significant, communities of American Indian/Alaska Native and Asian, each representing 2.40%. The Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander group, although smaller at 0.20%, along with those identifying with other races or multiple races (3.00%), add to the mosaic of ethnicities. In contrast, the Hispanic or Latino population, encompassing individuals of various racial backgrounds, forms a slight majority at 50.70%. This demographic shift highlights the area's vibrant Hispanic or Latino heritage, which plays a pivotal role in shaping the cultural landscape of the region.

Table 3: Race and Ethnicity

Racial /Ethnic Group
Unincorporated
Kings County Kings County
Not Hispanic
or Latino 49.30% 45.10%
White 36.30% 31.60%
Black or
African American 5.10% 5.90%
American Indian/
Alaska Native 2.40% 0.80%
Asian 2.40% 3.60%
Native Hawaiian
/Pacific Islander 0.20% 0.10%
Other races or
2+ races 3.00% 3.20%
Hispanic or Latino
(any race) 50.70% 54.90%
Total 100% 100%
Source: Census ACS 2016-2020, Table B03002

As shown in Figure 4, there are variations in the local racial demographics and the segregations. In the unincorporated Kings County, there does not appear to be the existence of High-White segregation. While their areas surrounding Lemoore are racially integrated, most of the areas in the northern and eastern regions have Low-medium segregation. While central and southern areas have high POC White segregation. While this corresponds with the HCD opportunity map as the areas with moderate resources seems to have High POC segregation.

In Figure 5 there are also RCAAs found in the unincorporated county northeast of the county near the City of Hanford and the rest of the county is mapped as not a RCAA. The RCAAs generally coincide with TCAC/HCD highest-resource areas and/or relatively higher-income parts of the unincorporated county.

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1A-15

Figure 4: Local Racial Demographics
\
Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development (HUD); OBI, 2020

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COUN TY
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c::J CA county
c::J City Boundaries
Cities in Kings County
' CJ Avenal
c::J Corcoran
c::J Hanford
c::J Lemoore
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Boundary
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33 KINGS COUNTY
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Familial Status
A household refers to the people occupying a home, such as a family, a single person, or unrelated persons living together. Families often prefer single-family homes or condominiums to accommodate children, while single people generally occupy smaller apartments or condominiums. Single-person households often include seniors or young adults. Table 1A-5 displays household composition by community as reported by the Census ACS 2015- 2020. Families comprised approximately 78% of all households within Kings County.

Countywide, the proportion of single households (male and females living alone) was approximately 17%.

Table 4: Household Characteristics

Age Group Unincorporated Kings County Kings County
Total Households 9,244 43,604
Family Households 81.90% 78.30%
With own children under 18 years 43.50% 41.30%
Married/Cohabiting Couples 68.20% 61.20%
With own children under 18 years 37.30% 32.20%
Male Householder, no spouse/partner present 13.60% 16.20% With own children under 18 years 1.80% 2.40%
Living Alone 6.50% 8.30%
Age 65+ 1.80% 2.50%
Female Householder, no spouse/partner present 18.20% 22.60% With own children under 18 years 4.40% 6.80%
Living Alone 8.10% 8.80%
Age 65+ 4.70% 4.70%
Nonfamily Households 18.10% 21.70%
Average Household Size NA 3.14
Source: Census ACS 2016-2020, Tables DP-2, B11012, and S1101 In both areas, a significant portion of households have children under 18 years. In the unincorporated Kings county, this is slightly higher (43.50%) than in Kings County as a whole (41%). Many households in unincorporated areas are headed by married or cohabiting couples (68%), which is higher than in the broader county (61%). Among these, a substantial proportion (37%) have children under 18, indicating a prevalence of traditional nuclear families. Male householder households without a spouse or partner present in unincorporated area is around 13.6 % compared to the overall county (16%). Within this group, a smaller fraction, 1.80% in unincorporated Kings County and 2.40% in Kings County, have children under 18, indicating a presence of single-father households. The data also sheds light on female -headed households without a spouse or partner, which make up a significant 18% in unincorporated Kings County and an even higher 22.6% in Kings County.

Among these, 4.40% in the unincorporated area and 6.80% in the broader county have children under 18, underscoring the challenges faced by single mothers. Additionally, the proportion of individuals living alone is significant, with 6.50% in unincorporated Kings County and 8.30% in Kings County. This includes a notable percentage of the elderly (aged 65 and above), accounting for 1.80% and 2.50% respectively.

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Figure 5: Local RCAAs

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2015-2019. Updated: March,2021

SAN BENITO

COU NTY
Di ablo
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,: : : , CA county selection
c::J City Boundaries
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- RCAA
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Familial Status

Female householder households without a spouse or partner are also less common in unincorporated areas.

These households often face challenges, particularly in terms of resource access and opportunities, especially for children in single-parent, female-headed households. In Figure 6, it's seen that northern parts of the county that contain cities of Hanford and Lemoore have less than 20% of households with children that are headed by a female single parent. While it's 20 -40% in the rest of the county. The d istribution of single-parent, female- headed households correlate with TCAC/HCD opportunity areas designations, indicating that areas with lower resources and higher segregation and poverty have higher rates of such households.

Table 5: Household type by tenure

Household Type
Unincorporated Kings County Kings County
HH % HH %
Total Households 9,244

43,604

Family households: 7,575 81.90% 34,155 78.30%
Owner 3,428 37.10% 18,997 43.60%
Renter 4,147 44.90% 15,158 34.80%
Married-couple family: 5,801 62.80% 23,236 53.30%
Owner 2,698 29.20% 14,704 33.70%
Renter 3,103 33.60% 8,532 19.60%
Male householder no wife present: 693 7.50% 3,653 8.40% Owner 306 3.30% 1,499 3.40%
Renter 387 4.20% 2,154 4.90%
Female householder no husband present: 1,081 11.70% 7,266 16.70% Owner 424 4.60% 2,794 6.40%
Renter 657 7.10% 4,472 10.30%
Nonfamily households: 1,669 18.10% 9,449 21.70%
Owner 870 9.40% 4,371 10.00%
Renter 799 8.60% 5,078 11.60%
Source: Census ACS 2016-2020, Table B25007

Female-headed households have special housing needs including affordable housing, accessible daycare, health care, and other supportive services. Female-headed households comprised about 17% of all households in Kings County. State law recognizes that thes e households face challenges due to a combination of income level, childcare expenses, and housing availability. As shown in Table A1- 6, the proportion of female -headed households range from about 12% in the unincorporated areas. Notably, across all jurisdictions, the data reveals that a higher percentage of female- headed households are renters rather than homeowners. This trend is indicative of the economic challenges and housing affordability issues faced by these households. Additionally, the table illus trates that in unincorporated Kings County, out of the total 9,244 households, a significant majority, about 82%, are family households. This breakdown of household types and tenures, including the specific focus on female- headed households, provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse household compositions and housing situations in these regions, highlighting the need for tailored policy interventions and support services.

I
I

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Figure 6: Single-Parent Female-Headed Households with Children Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development (HUD), ACS, 2017-2021. Updated: March 2023.

SAN BENITO
COUNTY
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Rang e • 525 ft
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Percent of Children in Fema le Householder , No
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20% -40%
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--
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80% -100 %
Cities in Kings County
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As presented in Table 1A-7, the largest number of Kings County residents with disabilities was in the 18 to 64 years age group or the working age population with 8,357 individuals, which represented 11% of the total age group. However, disabilities were most common among senior citizens (65 years and over) .

Approximately 41% of total seniors reported one or more types of disability. At the local level, the proportion of seniors reporting some type of physical disability ranged from 37% in unincorporated areas to as high as 63% in the City of Avenal . The most common type of disability among seniors was having ambulatory difficulty. Developmental Disabilities as defined by federal law; “developmental disability” means a severe, chronic disability of an individual that:

• Is attributable to a mental or physical impairment or combination of mental and physical impairments. • Is manifested before the individual attains age 18.
• Is likely to continue indefinitely.
• Results in substantial functional limitations in three or more of the following areas of major life activity:
a) self-care; b) receptive and expressive language; c) learning; d) mobility; e) self-direction; f) capacity for independent living; or g) economic self-sufficiency. • Reflects the individual’s need for a combination and sequence of special, interdisciplinary, or generic services, individualized supports or other forms of assistance that are of lifelong or extended duration and are individually planned and coordinated.

The Census Bureau does not record developmental disabilities. According to the U.S. Administration on Developmental Disabilities, an accepted estimate of the percentage of the population that can be defined as developmentally disabled is 1.5 percent. Many developmentally disabled persons can live and work independently within a conventional housing environment. More severely disabled individuals require a group living environment where supervision is provided. The most severely affected individuals may require an institutional environment where medical attention and physical therapy are provided. Because developmental disabilities exist before adulthood, the first issue in supportive housing for the

3 Source: American Community Survey 2013 Subject Definitions. Beginning in 2008, questions on disability represent a conceptual and empirical break from earlier years of the ACS. Hence, the Census Bureau does not recommend any comparisons of disability data to 2007 and earlier ACS disability data, or to disability estimates from the 2000 Census.)

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developmentally disabled is the transition from the person’s living situation as a child to an appropriate level of independence as an adult.

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Figure 7: Population with a Disability

M ERCED

COU N TY

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COU NTY
Di a blo
Range

M ADERA COUNTY
. 5252~
r;-Le:".g:".e~n~d,----- J..J:=i... --------' ~~-a:..ali~ga c::::J CA county O D
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Percent of population with a d isability
c=J < 10%
[:==I 10% - 20%
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c::::J Avenal
c::::J Corcoran
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c::::J Lemoore
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Table 6: Percentages of Persons with Disability Types in Unincorporated & Kings County

Disability Type by Age
Unincorporated Kings County
Persons % Persons %
Population under 18 years w/disability 223 2.30% 1,498 3.70% With a hearing difficulty 58 0.60% 193 0.50%
With a vision difficulty 30 0.30% 480 1.20%
With a cognitive difficulty 163 1.70% 890 2.20%
With an ambulatory difficulty 12 0.10% 127 0.30%
With a self-care difficulty 28 0.30% 219 0.50%
Population 18 to 64 years w/disability 1,927 11.40% 8,357 10.70% With a hearing difficulty 528 3.10% 1,632 2.10%
With a vision difficulty 310 1.80% 1,354 1.70%
With a cognitive difficulty 504 3.00% 3,009 3.80%
With an ambulatory difficulty 993 5.90% 4,087 5.20%
With a self-care difficulty 310 1.80% 1,424 1.80%
With an independent living difficulty 628 3.70% 3,094 4.00% Population 65 years and over w/disability 1,126 36.50% 6,179 40.80% With a hearing difficulty 596 19.30% 2,657 17.60%
With a vision difficulty 190 6.20% 1,265 8.40%
With a cognitive difficulty 300 9.70% 1,458 9.60%
With an ambulatory difficulty 605 19.60% 3,807 25.10%
With a self-care difficulty 185 6.00% 1,500 9.90%
With an independent living difficulty 411 13.30% 2,659 17.60%

Note: Numbers represent people, not disabilities. Persons may report more than one type of disability Source: Census ACS 2016-2020, Table S1810 and C18108

State and federal law mandate minimum accessibility standards for housing. For example, local governments that use federal housing funds must meet federal accessibility guidelines for new construction and substantial rehabilitation. At least 5% of the units must be accessible to persons with mobility impairments, and an additional 2% must be accessible to persons with sensory impairments. New multi-family housing must be built so that: 1) the public and common use portions of such units are readily accessible to and usable by disabled persons.
+
+
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+
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+
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Table 7: Persons with Developmental Disabilities Receiving Services by Residential Type 2021

City/Community
(Zip Code)
Home of Parent
/Family
/Guardian
Independent /
Supported
Living
Community
Care
Facility
Intermediate
Care
Facility
Foster
/Family
Home Other
Total
Res
Armona (Uninc.)
(93202)
52 <11 0 0 <11 0 >52
Kettleman (Uninc.)
(93239)
14 <11 0 0 0 0 >14
Lemoore Station
(Uninc.)
(93246)
<11 0 0 0 0 0 >0
Stratford (Uninc.)
(93266)
<11 <11 0 0 0 0 >0

Source: CA Dept. of Developmental Services, 2021

2) the doors allowing passage into and within such units can accommodate wheelchairs; and 3) all units contain adaptive design features. In addition, state law requires all jurisdictions to provide reasonable accommodation in the application of housing policies and regulations.

Access to Opportunity

There is a need to plan for and address the mobility needs of the County’s growing population. Public Transportation services are available to people with lower incomes, seniors, and persons with disabilities through the Kings Area Rural Transit (KART) system, overseen by the Kings County Area Public Transit Agency (KCAPTA) and through the City of Corcoran’s transit system, Corcoran Area Transit (CAT). Kings Area Regional Transit (KART) is Kings County’s public transportation provider. KART provides public transit service Monday through Friday and limited service on Saturdays. KART provides transportation services to the cities of Armona, Avenal, Corcoran, Grangeville, Hardwick, Hanford, Kettleman City, Laton, Lemoore, and Stratford. KART Paratransit (origin to destination) is available to eligible certified ADA passengers. In addition, KART provides regular transportation services to Fresno and Visalia Monday through Friday. All KART bus routes begin and end at the KART Terminal located at 504 W. 7th Street Hanford, California, west of the AMTRAK station in Downtown Hanford.

AllTransit scores geographic regions (e.g., cities, counties, Metropolitan Statistical Areas [MSAs]) on a

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scale of 0 to 10, with 10 being complete transit connectivity. Figure 1A-8 depicts Kings County’s AllTransit Performance score, including metrics representing average household transit access. Kings County’s overall score is 3.0, demonstrating “low” connectivity. It is important to note that this score is for Kings County as a whole, including incorporated areas, as AllTransit does not provide a score just for unincorporated county areas. Kings County’s score is consistent with comparable counties, which are typified by rural and semi- rural communities. However, the AllTransit methodology, which determines scores according to an “average” household, may not fully represent transit availability in unincorporated areas, as the estimate is an average of both incorporated and unincorporated areas.

As is shown in Figure 9, many high qualities transit stops in terms of facilities, accessibility and frequency of services are concentrated in the city Hanford while they seem to be lacking in the other cities and unincorporated areas.

It’s also evident that the connectivity is focused on moving people within cities rather than between cities.

Most unincorporated areas in the central areas of Kings County are not served by transit, except for the Hanford area. Based on the information in the Kings County Tr ansit Development Plan 2021 document, Kings County faces challenges in providing comprehensive transit services, especially in rural areas. The report identifies gaps in service and highlights the difficulty of connecting transit-dependent residents living in remote areas to services in larger communities.

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1A-26

Figure 8: Kings County All Transit Performance Score

Source: AllTransit.cnt.org, 2022
:Jr
~ Transit Serv ice e Cl
... • ·" . • • • • •
• Q
Co
Overall transit score that looks at connectivity , access to jobs, and frequency of service. ■ < 1 ■ 1-2 ■ 2-4 ■ 4-5 ■ S-6 6-7 7-9 9+
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3.0 County: Kings, CA
Low combinatio n of trips per week and number of
jobs accessible enabling few people to take trans it
to work
On Average Households have:
~ I TransitTrips per Wee k wit hin½M ile
MfJ Jobs Accessibl e in 30-m inute t rip
l•&N Commut ers Who Use Transit
Show Transit Agencies (4)

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Figure 9: Kings County High quality transit stops and transit area (1/2 mile)

Source: Caltrans, 2022. U.S.; Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Updated 2022.

SAN BENITO
COUNTY
Legend
c::J CA county
,: : :, CA county selection
c::J City Boundaries
Cities in Kings County
c::J Avenal
c:::::J Corco ran
c::J Hanford
c:::::J Lemoo re
122::J 1/2 Mile from High Quality Transit Area
0 Hi h Quali Trans it Sto s
OBISPO
COUNTY

MADERA COUNTY

FRESNO COUNTY

KINGS COUNTY

KERN COUNTY
TULARE CO~Y
5 Miles
10

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Housing Mobility
Housing tenure (owner vs. renter) influences several aspects of the local housing market. Residential mobility is influenced by tenure, with ownership housing evidencing a lower turnover rate than rental housing. The vacancy rate also indicates the match b etween the demand and supply of housing. Table 8 details housing tenure and vacancies in Kings County and incorporated communities according to the Census ACS 2016- 2020 estimates. Vacancy rates of 5% to 6% for rental housing and 1.5% to 2.0% for ownership housing are generally considered to be optimum. A higher vacancy rate may indicate an excess supply of units, a softer market, and result in lower housing prices. A lower vacancy rate may indicate a shortage of housing and high competition for available housing, which generally leads to higher housing prices and diminished affordability.

Table 8: Household Tenure and Vacancy Rates
Housing Type
Unincorporated Kings County Kings County
Units % Units %
Occupied housing units 9,244 91.10% 43,604 94.20%
Owner-occupied housing units 4,298 42.40% 23,368 50.50% Avg. HH size of owner-occupied units N/A 3.12
Renter-occupied housing units 4,946 48.80% 20,236 43.70% Avg. HH size of renter-occupied units N/A 3.17
Vacant housing units 898 8.90% 2,663 5.80%
For rent 112 1.10% 446 1.00%
Rented, not occupied 25 0.20% 140 0.30%
For sale only 108 1.10% 426 0.90%
Sold, not occupied 70 0.70% 194 0.40%
For seasonal or occasional use 45 0.40% 54 0.10%
All other vacant 538 5.30% 1,403 3.00%
Homeowner vacancy rate N/A 1.80%
Rental vacancy rate N/A 2.10%
Total housing units 10,142 100.00% 46,267 100.00%
Source: Census, ACS 2016-2020, Tables DP04 and B25004

The balance between owner-occupied and rental housing, along with vacancy rates, shapes the housing market dynamics. For instance, areas with high owner occupancy and low vacancy rates may see property values appreciating, while areas with high rental vacancy rates might experience stagnating or declining property values. The demand exceeds the supply, driving up rental costs, which can disproportionately affect lower - income residents and contribute to housing insecurity. According to the census, the housing vacancy rate in Kings County was 1.8% among homeowner units and 2.1% for rental units. The proportion of renter-occupied housing units is higher in unincorporated Kings County (48.80%) compared to Kings County (43.70%).

However, the vacancy rate varied among communities and was not available for most of unincorporated Kings County.

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Employment Opportunities
Kings County’s economy has an important impact on housing needs. Employment growth typically results in increased housing demand in areas that serve as regional employment centers. Moreover, the type of occupation and income levels for new employment also affects housing demand. This section describes the economic and employment patterns in Kings County and how these patterns influence housing needs.

Figure 10: Employment by Industry of Kings County Workforce

Source: Census ACS 2016-2020, Table DP03

Kings County supports a diversified economy as illustrated in Figure 10. This figure shows the proportion of jobs held by residents (civilian employed population 16 years and over) living in the County. Based on the Census ACS 2016- 2020 information, the ed ucation, health care, social assistance industry was the largest employer of Kings County residents, providing approximately 10,800 jobs, or 20% of workforce. As important as agriculture is to the County, the agriculture sector was the second largest employer of its residents, which employed 8,300 residents or 15% of the workforce. Kings County’s civilian labor force was estimated at 57,800, with an unemployment rate of 7.0% (not seasonally adjusted). This compares to the statewide unemployment rate of 4.1 %. However, compared to recent trends, Kings County’s unemployment rate has decreased significantly from the 2020 annual average unemployment rate of 12.0%. Historically, agriculture has played a key role in Kings County’s economy. Agriculturally oriente d counties tend to have higher unemployment rates and greater seasonal variations in unemployment. Kings County is ranked 8 th among
California counties in agricultural production with an annual gross value of $ 2.5 billion. According to the Kings County 2022 Annual Agricultural Crop Report, milk remains the County’s leading commodity, followed by pistachios (second) and cotton (third). With climate change and the long-term severe drought as well as the 2023 wet winter/spring, it is uncertain to what extent future water supplies will affect agriculture.

Education, health care,
social assistance
20%
Agriculture
15%
Public admin.
13%
Retail trade
10%
Arts, entertainment,
recreation,
accomodation, food
services
8%
Manufacturing
7%
Professional, scientific,
management, admin.
7%
Transportation,
warehousing, utilities
6%
Construction
4%
Other services, except
public admin.
3%
Finance, insurance, real
estate
3%
Wholesale trade
3%
Information
1%

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Figure 11: High Quality transit stops and transit area (1/2 Mile) & Jobs within 45-minute transit commute.

Sources: Caltrans, 2022; Smart Locations Database, 2018.

MERCED
COUNTY

SAN BENITO
COUNTY
Dia bl o
Rane
Legend
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• 525Zft
,:, : :, CA county selection
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Cities in Kings County
c:::::J Avenal
c:::::J Corcoran
c:::::J Hanford
c:::::J Lemoore
[ill
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0 High Quality Transit Stops
Jobs within 45-minute transit commute
No Data
0 1 -2,500
2,501 - 5,000
5,001 - 10,000
10,001 - 25,000
25,001 - 50,000
50,001 - 100,000
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Jobs-Housing Balance and Commute Patterns

Commuting patterns in Kings County have an important implication for housing needs. Larger employers in the County (e.g., three state prisons, Naval Air Station Lemoore, and agricultural industries) generate a significant number of jobs. However, the workf orce employed at these institutions or in the agricultural industries may live in other communities for a variety of reasons, including preferences, the availability of suitable housing, or other reasons.

Commuting patterns show the relationship between where people live and where they work. Long commuting distances increase traffic congestion that strains the existing overcrowded road and highways infrastructure systems that are often in need of maintenance. Long commuting distances also contribute to poor air quality, increases expenses to the commuting workforce, and has been shown to have negative consequences on personal health. One of the aims of the Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) Plan is to direct new housing growth to employment centers to balance the jobs-housing ratio and decrease commuting distances.

Table 1A-10 shows that over one-third (37%) of the County’s workforce aged 16 years and older who do not work at home travel less than 15 minutes to work and another 32% of workers travel 15-30 minutes to work.

The average time to work for countywide workers was 23 minutes.

Table 9: Travel Time to Work

Note: Workers included those 16 years and over who did not work from home. ; Source: Census ACS 2016-2020 Table S0801

Educational Opportunities

The Kings County Board of Education establishes the mission and primary objectives for the Kings County Superintendent of Schools and ensures that activities and programs remain focused on the goals identified within the California Department of Education educational rules and regulations. The Kings County Board of Education establishes the mission and primary objectives for the Kings County Superintendent of Schools and ensures that activities and programs remain focused on the goals identified within the California Department of Education educational rules and regulations. According to the Kings County office of education as of Oct 2021 there are a total of 19,429 students enrolled in elementary schools and about 8,179 students in high schools across the county as per data submitted by the districts. Figure 1A-11 below shows some of the school districts in Kings County.

Travel Time to Work Unincorporated Kings County Kern County Less than 15 minutes 35.80% 36.80%
15-30 minutes 37.40% 32.00%
30 to 59 minutes 22.50% 25.10%
60 or more minutes 4.30% 6.10%
Average Travel Time NA 23 min.

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KINGS MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT | JULY 2024 | DRAFT 1A-32 SECTION 1A: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING

Figure 12: School districts in Kings County

Source: Kings County, Cal EM
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LEMOORE UNION HIGH
Reef - Sunset
Unified
FRESNO
COUNTY

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1A-33

Environmental Health
The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) reports CalEnviroScreen 4.0 scores for unincorporated county areas, suggesting relatively adverse environmental conditions throughout the county. (see Figure 1A-12). According to OEHHA, except for some of the smaller tracts in the center of the cities of Hanford, Lemoore, and Corcoran the rest of the areas have scores above the 90th percentile.

The environmental conditions in Kings County likely due to the dominance of commercial agricultural practices and natural resource extraction, both of which are known to have negative impacts on the surrounding areas resulting from air pollution and other contaminants.

The primary indicators leading to the high environmental scores as reported by OEHHA’s CalEnviroScreen vary across the county, but include ozone, particulate matter (PM) 2.5, diesel PM, pesticides, toxic releases, drinking water contaminants, chemical cleanup, lead in housing, groundwater threats, hazardous waste, impaired water, and solid waste. Ozone, diesel particulate, and PM 2.5, forms of pollution generated by car traffic and industrial uses, score higher throughout the county. In the unincorporated county areas, pesticide use, groundwater threats, and solid waste facilities are more prevalent than in urbanized areas, reflecting the presence of agricultural industries and chemical and waste storage outside of urban areas. Nearly all of Kings County is Senate Bill (SB) 535 -qualifying disadvantaged communities excluding areas around Lemoore, north of Hanford and some tracts in Corcoran. This indicates that the unincorporated county areas represent an area of potential concern regarding fair housing and disproportionate exposure to environmental hazards and a concentration of vulnerable populations.

Further, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) develops flood maps that identify areas with the highest risk of flooding, differentiating them by the degree of severity and frequency of flooding anticipated. In Kings County, while large pieces of including land just outside Lemoore and Corcoran, are classified by the Federal Emergency Management Agency at a high -risk for flooding, Hanford is not according to a map released by the Kings County Office of Emergency Services. Flood zones include Zone AO, AE, AH, and A, which indicate the depth of the 1.0% annual chance of flooding, and areas with a 0.2% annual chance of flooding (Figure 1A-13). Lemoore and the Island District have many large swaths of land classified as high or moderate risk. West of Highway 41 along West Industry Avenue is one of the large swaths of high-risk land. North of town, at the intersection of Grangeville Boulevard and Highway 41 is another area classified as high risk. Corcoran is surrounded by both high-risk and flooded land to the west, south and north. The area inside city limits is largely not classified as high- risk, but the area just south of the city near Highway 43 is described by the map as flooded. Hanford on the other hand has only a minor risk of flooding.

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APPENDIX

COUNTY

KINGS

Figure 13: CalEnviroScreen 4.0 & high-quality transit stops (Transit area ½ mile)

Source: Caltrans, 2022; OEHHA, 2021.

SAN BENITO COUNTY
Diab/a
Range
Legend
l=i CAcounty
•:: :, CA county selection
c:::::J City Boundaries
l=i Census Tract Bounda ry
Cities in Kings County
l=i Avena l
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l=i Hanford
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~ 1/2 M ile from High Quality Transit Area
0 High Quality Transit Stops
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 - Percentile Score
0-25%
> 25 - 50%
> 50 - 75%
> 75-100 %
None
5 Miles
10

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APPENDIX

COUNTY

KINGS

Figure 14: Flood Hazard Zones

Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 2022; OEHHA, 2021; CalFire, updated 2023.

Cities in Kings County
Avenal
Corcoran
Hanford
Lemoore
Fire Hazard Severity Zones
Moderate
High
Very High
US Flood Hazard Areas (FEMA)
1 % Annual Chance Flood Hazard

0.2% Annual Chance Flood Hazard
Regulatory Floodway
Special Floodway
Future Conditions 1 % Annual Chance
Flood Hazard
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10

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APPENDIX

COUNTY

KINGS

Disproportionate Housing Need and Displacement Risk
Overcrowding

Overcrowding is often closely related to household income and the cost of housing. The U.S. Census Bureau considers a household to be overcrowded when there is more than one person per room, excluding bathrooms and kitchens; and to be severely overcrowded when there are more than 1.5 occupants per room. Overcrowded households are usually a reflection of the lack of adequate income for housing.

Table 10 details the percentage of households that live in overcrowded situations. Overcrowding is more prevalent among renters than owners. For example, countywide, approximately 12% of renters and 5% of owners reported more than one person per room resulting in overcrowding. Severe overcrowding among owners was 1.2%, while that for renters was 3.5%.

Within unincorporated areas, overcrowding is less than that of the County as a whole. For instance, overcrowding was 4.9% and 10.2% for owners and renters, respectively. Severe overcrowding was in the unincorporated areas by tenancy was not pronounced (2.6% and 2.8% for owners and tenants, respectively).

Overall, the difference between renters and owner overcrowding was more pronounced for the City of Corcoran where 20% were renters and 9% were owners. Avenal showed the highest percentage of total households (renters and owners) living in overcrowded conditions at 17%, followed by Corcoran at 15%, while the countywide percentage was 8% in 2020.

Table 10: Overcrowding by Tenure
Source: Census ACS 2016-2020, Table B25014

Overpayment

State and federal housing law defines overpayment as a household paying more than 30% of gross income for housing expenses, including utilities. Housing overpayment is especially problematic for lower-income households that have limited resources for other living expenses.

Occupants per Room Unincorporated Kings Kings County
Total households 9,244 43,604
Owner occupied: 4,298 23,368

0.50 or less 62.90% 60.70%

0.51 to 1.00 32.10% 34.20%

1.01 to 1.50 2.30% 3.90%

1.51 to 2.00 2.40% 0.70%

2.01 or more 0.20% 0.50%
Renter occupied: 4,946 20,236

0.50 or less 38.60% 39.70%

0.51 to 1.00 51.20% 48.10%

1.01 to 1.50 7.40% 8.70%

1.51 to 2.00 2.60% 2.90%

2.01 or more 0.20% 0.60%

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APPENDIX

COUNTY

KINGS

As shown in Table 11, a significant portion of lower -income households in each community overpaid for housing according to HUD CHAS data (special tabulations based on the Census ACS). However, the overpayment rate varied by tenure and income level. More than half of all very- low- and extremely-low- income households in all jurisdictions, both owners and renters, were reported to be overpaying. In most communities, however, more rental households than owner households were overpaying. Few households with incomes above the median faced overpayment – often less than 10% of households.

Table 11: Household Overpayment by Tenure

Source: HUD CHAS data based on Census ACS 2014-2018

Income Category Unincorporated Kings Kings County
Owners
<= 30% 84.60% 79.00%
>30% to <=50% 72.20% 68.60%
>50% to <=80% 35.50% 48.30%
>80% to <=100% 10.30% 32.80%
>100% 5.80% 7.40%
Total 20.50% 22.50%
Renters
<= 30% 78.30% 79.30%
>30% to <=50% 66.00% 78.30%
>50% to <=80% 56.80% 57.00%
>80% to <=100% 35.10% 22.50%
>100% 5.50% 6.40%
Total 40.50% 43.20%

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SECTION 1A-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING

Figure 15: Overcrowding in Kings County

Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development (HUD), ACS, 2017-2021

MERC ED

COU NTY

SAN B ENI TO

C OUNTY
Dia bl o
Range
Legend
c:::::J CA county
525 ft
CJ City Boundaries
Percent of Overcrowded Units
< 5.19% (Statewide Average)

5.19% - 10%
10% - 15%
- 15% - 20%
- >20%
Cities in Kings County
c:::::J Avenal
c:::::J Corcoran
c:::::J Hanford
Lemoore

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APPENDIX 1: COUNTY OF KINGS

Figure 16: Overpayment by renters (ACS, 2017-2021) – Tract Level

Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development (HUD), ACS, 2017-2021

SAN BENITO

COU NTY
Dia bl o
Range
Legend
c::::J CA county
525 ft
c::J City Boundaries
Cities in Kings County
c::::J Avenal
c::::J Corcoran
c::::J Hanford
c::::J Lemoore
ml
Percent of Renter Households for whom Gross
Rent (Contract Rent Plus Tenant-Paid Utilities) is

30.0 Percent or More of Household Income
< 20%
20%-40%
40%-60%
60% - 80%

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APPENDIX 1: COUNTY OF KINGS

Figure 17: Percentage of Homeowners Overpaying

Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development (HUD), ACS, 2017-2021 Dia bl o
Range
Legend
c:::J CA county
525 ft
c::J City Boundaries
Percent of Owner Households with Mortgages
whose Monthly Owner Costs are 30% or More of
House hold Income
< 20%
20% - 40%
- 40% - 60%
- 60% - 80%
- >80%
Cities in Kings County
c:::J Avenal
c:::J Corcoran
c:::J Hanford
c::J Lemoore

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Homelessness

In Homelessness is often the result of multiple factors that converge in a person’s life. The combination of loss of employment, inability to find a job because of the need for retraining, and high housing costs lead to some individuals and families losing their housing. For othe rs, the loss of housing is due to chronic health problems, physical disabilities, mental health disabilities or drug and alcohol addictions along with an inability to access the services and long -term support needed to address these conditions. Obtaining an accurate assessment of the magnitude of the homeless population is difficult because many individuals are not visibly homeless but rather live with relatives or friends, in hotels/motels or shelters, and other temporary accommodations. To address the needs of homeless people in Kings County, the Kings/Tulare Homeless Alliance (KTHA) conducted a Point-in-Time (PIT) survey of homeless people in these two counties in January 2022. The study used HUD’s definition of homelessness, which is defined as people who reside in emergency shelters, transitional housing, or places not meant for human habitation such as cars, parks, sidewalks, and abandoned buildings.

Table 12: Homeless Persons
Jurisdiction Estimated Homeless
Avenal 4
Corcoran 17
Hanford 260
Lemoore 8
Unincorporated area 24
Kings County totals 313
Source: Kings/Tulare Homeless Alliance Point-in-Time Survey, 2022

Based on the 2022 PIT survey, the following portrait of the 313 homeless individuals counted in Kings County included:
• 22% chronically homeless
• 39% persons with disability
• 20% suffer from mental disability.
• 12% suffer from substance abuse problems.
• 11% victims of domestic violence
• 6% veterans
• 2% unaccompanied children
• 12% young adults under age 25
In 2022, 39% of the homeless population was housed in temporary living arrangements (31% in emergency shelter and 8% in transitional housing). Over half (61%) were unsheltered and homeless or in a car.

Table 2-29 presents the 2022 PIT homeless counts for the four cities and unincorporated areas of the County.

The table shows that the City of Hanford had the highest counted with 260 homeless individuals or 83% of the countywide total. This was followed by unincorporated areas with 24 homeless individuals. Avenal had

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the lowest count with four homeless individuals.

Table 13: Shelter Facilities in Kings County
Source: Kings Tulare Homeless Alliance, 2023

Table 13 lists the shelter facilities in Kings County that served the homeless. It identifies an inventory of 126 emergency shelter beds (78% use rate), 27 transitional housing beds (89% use rate), 64 permanent supportive housing beds (89% use rate), 15 other permanent housing beds (93% use rate), and 103 rapid rehousing beds (100% use rate) in Kings County. Additional emergency assistance is provided by the Salvation Army in Hanford, which provides short -term assistance in the form of food, financial assistance for rent and utility Total
Project Name & Organization
PIT
Beds
Use
Count
Use
Rate

EMERGENCY SHELTER
Barbara Saville Shelter - DV 15 4 27%
Barbara Saville Woman's Shelter 23 6 26%
EHA Kings 7 7 100%
PRK Holiday Lodge 57 57 100%
PRK Stardust Hotel 17 17 100%
Temporary Housing Program 7 7 100%
Total 126 98 78%

TRANSITIONAL HOUSING
KGM Men's Transitional 15 15 100%
KGM Women's Transitional 6 6 100%
New Song Academy 6 3 50%
Total 27 24 89%

PERMANENT SUPPORTIVE HOUSING
Anchors II 6 4 67%
Anchors IV 6 5 83%
Grace Homes 13 13 100%
Hope Survives 6 6 100%
Kings County Act 28 28 100%
Kings VASH 5 1 20%
Total 64 57 89%

OTHER PERMANENT HOUSING
HAKC Emergency Housing Voucher 15 14 93%
Total 15 14 93%

RAPID REHOUSING
Bringing Families Home 16 16 100%
HANA 4 4 100%
Housing Support Program 76 76 100%
Kings Rapid Rehousing 1 1 100%
RRH4 Kings 6 6 100%
Total 103 103 100%

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bills, motel vouchers and bus or plane tickets. Corcoran Christian Aid provides food, vouchers, and other types of emergency financial assistance within Corcoran.

Despite these services, a significant shortage in emergency shelters and transitional housing remains. In 2007 the State Legislature passed Senate Bill (SB) 2, which strengthened the planning and zoning requirements for emergency shelters and transitional /supportive housing. SB2 requires that all jurisdictions adopt zoning regulations that allow emergency shelters by -right in at least one zone, subject to objective development standards, or as an alternative, the jurisdiction may meet the need through a mul ti-jurisdictional agreement with up to three adjacent jurisdictions. As noted in the Constraints section, all of the jurisdictions in Kings County have adopted zoning regulations for emergency shelters and transitional/supportive housing in response to SB 2.

Farmworkers

Kings County is one of the state’s major agricultural areas, ranking 8th among California counties in total agricultural production. According to the Kings County Agricultural Commissioner, 92% of the total land area in the County is devoted to farmland. Table 2 -24 shows the County’s top three leading agricultural products in 2022 were milk ($999 million), pistachios ($228 million), and cotton ($192 million).

Recent Census data in Table 1A-14 shows that 15% of employed Kings County civilian residents (16 years and over) worked in agriculture and related industries . Of the four cities, the highest percentage of civilian workers in agricultural related jobs was Avenal, where 45% of its workers were in this industry. This was followed by Corcoran workers at 30%.

Table 1A-15 presents the number of farms and hired farm workers in Kings County. According to the 2017 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Census estimates, there were 507 farms and a total of almost 7,000 hired farm workers countywide. The largest num ber of workers (5,820) were employed at farms with 10 or more employees or 83% of the countywide total number of hired workers. Also, there were more permanent hired workers (worked more than 150 days) than seasonal workers (worked less than 150 days) for both farm operations with less than 10 employees and with more than 10 employees.

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Table 14: Leading Agricultural Crops, Kings County

Table 15: Leading Agricultural Crops, Kings County

Crop Rank Value
Milk 1 $999,866,000
Pistachios 2 $228,785,000
Cotton 3 $192,811,000
Tomatoes, Processed 4 $177,492,000
Cattle & Calves 5 $151,274,000
Almonds, Total 6 $132,323,000
Corn, Silage 7 $123,941,000
Alfalfa, Hay 8 $67,540,000
Wheat, Silage 9 60,112,000
Plums 10 $55,245,000
Source: Kings County, Dept. of Agriculture, 2022 Crop Report, September 2023

Table 16: Agricultural Employment by Jurisdiction
Source: Census ACS 2016-2020, Table DP-3

Agricultural workers, and especially f armworkers, have special housing needs due to their relatively low wages. According to an article in Rural Migration News , the average hourly wage for all California farmworkers in the years 2015- 2019 was approximately $12. 4. This is equivalent to approximately $25,000/year for full -time work. As a result, farmworkers often overpay for housing (in relation to their income) and/or live in overcrowded and substandard living situations.

The nature of agricultural work also affects the specific housing needs of farm workers. For instance, farmworkers employed on a year-round basis generally live with their families and need permanent affordable housing much like other lower -income households. Migrant farmworkers who follow seasonal harvests

4 https://migration.ucdavis.edu/rmn/blog/post/?id=2805
Jurisdiction of Civilian Employed
Pop. (16 and over) Number of Agricultural Workers % of Total Workers Avenal 1,617 45%
Corcoran 1,275 30%
Hanford 2,213 9%
Lemoore 692 6%
Unincorporated 2,474 22%
Kings County 8,271 15%
I I

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generally need temporary housing only for the workers themselves.

California has a statewide shortage of farmworker housing projects. For instance, the number of agricultural employee housing facilities registered with the California HCD has dramatically declined since the 1950s.

Between 1955 and 1982, grower-registered facilities declined from 9,000 to 1,414 camps. By 1998, only 500 camps were registered with HCD, none of which were in Kings County. According to growers, the dramatic decline in labor camps is due to the high cost of maintaining housing and the climate of litigation facing growers who maintain camps. Additionally, most farm owners/managers hire most of their workers through temporary agencies for planting, picking, pruning, or other specific tasks, so that providing full-time housing for workers is not practical.

Although no farmworker camps exist in Kings County, the County does have a significant number of government-subsidized housing projects (e.g., Section 515 and public housing) that house farmworkers and their families. Many farmworkers live in mobile homes on the farming site. A new farmworker housing project was completed in Hanford during the 2003-2008 planning period. That project involved the renovation of an existing former motel into temporary and/or long-term, permanent agricultural employee housing. The project included 24 units plus parking, courtyard, children’s play areas and open space.

In addition, there is a 40- unit apartment complex in unincorporated Kettleman City that serve s farm labor families. This apartment includes 10 two-bedroom units, 20 three-bedroom units, and 10 four-bedroom units, with approximately 70-100 farmworkers residing in the apartment complex. The Constraints analysis contains a discussion of each jurisdiction’s land use and zoning policies and regulations regarding farmworker housing.

In communities with large farmworker populations, farmworker housing needs are m et through homeownership assistance and rehabilitation loans.

Table 17: Hired Farm Labor-Workers, Kings County

Farmworkers No. of Farms No. of Hired Workers
Percent of Total County
Hired Workers
Total Hired Farm Labor 507 6,998
Farm operations with less than 10 employees 351 1,178 17% Permanent (> 150 days) 275 1,034 15%
Seasonal (< 150 days) 246 677 10%
Farm operations with 10 or more employees 156 5,820 83% Permanent (> 150 days) 96 3,046 44%
Seasonal (< 150 days) 49 2,241 32%
Source: USDA, 2017 Census of Agriculture

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Most loans under both types of programs are issued to people working in the agricultural industry. Moreover, many occupants of Section 515 projects and other subsidized projects are also employed in the farming industry. In Lemoore the farmworker population is significantly smaller, although many farmworkers also access standard homeownership and/or rehabilitation loans. The Housing Plan (Chapter 5) includes programs to address the housing and supportive services needs of farm workers.

Displacement Risk
The Urban Displacement Project, a joint research and action initiative of the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Toronto, analyzes income patterns and housing availability to determine the level of displacement risk at the census tract level.

The EDR provides three layers of displacement information. The “Overall Displacement” map layer shows the number of income groups experiencing any displacement risk. The dark red tracts (2 income groups), our models estimate displacement (Elevated, High, or Extreme) for two income groups. In the light orange tracts categorized as “Probable”, one or all three income groups had to have been categorized as “Probable Displacement”. In figure 1A-17 it could be observed that all the cities in the county and the southern western region are at predominant risk of At -Risk displacement. "At risk of displacement" refers to the likelihood of residents, particularly low-income renter households, being forced to move out of their neighborhoods due to various factors. This concept is often evaluated in the context of gentrification, rising housing costs, and changing neighborhood dynamics.

According to the Urban Displacement Project's Estimated Displacement Risk (EDR) model for California, displacement risk is determined by evaluating census tract characteristics that are strongly correlated with a net loss of low-income renter populations. Essentially, a high displacement risk suggests that more low-income households are leaving a neighborhood than moving in, often due to factors like affordability, development pressures, or changes in the housing market.

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Figure 18: Estimated displacement risk – Overall displacement by tract

Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development (HUD), UCB – Urban Displacement Project, 2022

SAN BENITO
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Constraints

Land Use Controls
General Plan Designations and Zoning Districts

The following Figures 19 – 26 provide General Plan corresponding Zoning designations for the incorporated cities of Kings County

Analysis
The County of Kings General Plan contains a number of land use designations that are implemented by zoning districts to support and facilitate residential development. The following table illustrates the type and intensity of residential development allowed through the County’s General Plan and Zoning maps and documents. The Agricultural and Resource categories, which permit residential in a more ancillary fashion at densities of one unit per 20 or 40 acres, are not listed below.

In addition to the range of residential units that are allowed in the designations outlined in the table, the County allows planned unit developments (PUDs) in areas designated as residential. A PUD may include a combination of different dwelling types and/or a variety of land uses which are made to complement each other and harmonize with existing and proposed land uses in the vicinity, by design. A PUD may be located in any area designated and zoned for residential use upon the granting of a use permit in accordance with the provisions of the Zoning Ordinance.

Processing and Permit Procedures

Analysis
The Public Works Department and the Community Development Agency are responsible for application intake, permit issuance, plan checking, and inspection services for public and private projects. The Department provides public counter services, subdivision processing, various entitlements associated with development, and engineering and technical staff support to commercial and residential projects. Working in tandem, the primary objective is expeditious review and approval of all development projects. County staff encourages applicants to contact them prior to completing applications, particularly for large projects.

This allows permitting and zoning issues to be discussed by the applicant and staff, resulting in more efficient processing.

The development approval process in the County is governed by three levels of decision- making bodies:

The Community Development Agency (and its Director), the Planning Commission, and the Board of Supervisors. As shown in Tables 1A -28 and 29, single - and multi-family development applications are NOTE: The following analysis of the existing governmental constraints is based on the assumption that the pending update of the Zoning Ordinance will be adopted ahead of the adoption of the Housing Element and analyzes any constraints that would exist following the adoption of the update. Should the adoption of the update be delayed until after the adoption of the Housing Element, the County commits to making the zoning updates specified in Program 20. Pending changes are identified with footnotes.

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typically permitted by right, subject only to review and issuance by County staff (the staff planner assigned to review the application) for compliance with development standards. A limited number of residential uses require Director Review and Approval (DRA), which extends the review and approval process from staff planners to include the Director of the Community Development Agency. Under the DRA process, the Director is the final approval body, but may defer action and refer the permit or approval application to the Commission for final determination if significant opposition is expressed by the public, except in the case of a Reasonable Accommodation.

Additional review involving the Planning Commission only occurs for a limited set of residential uses and zones, such as mobile home and manufactured housing community parks . Recent legislation enacted (signed into law in September 2022) through Senate Bill 6 (SB 6) and Assembly Bill 2011 (AB 2011), residential development shall be permitted on property zoned for commercial (office or retail) use through the year 2033. Under the provisions of SB 6, the County can require discretionary review while under the provisions of AB 2011, the County must allow residential by right. However, under the provisions of AB 2011, there are additional requirements for parcel location and affordability in order to qualify for by right ministerial review. Through th e implementation of Program 20, the County will update its Zoning Ordinance to be consistent with state law regarding the approval of residential development in commercial zones.

The Board of Supervisors are only involved when there is a request for a formal amendment to the General Plan, Zoning Map, or Zoning Ordinance (including specific plans); development agreements; or when there is an appeal of the Planning Commission’s decision (such as a request for a variance).

Senate Bill 330
The County recently established a procedure to address SB 330. The requisite development review and preliminary application processes outlined in Senate Bill 330 are codified in the County’s code.18

Senate Bill 35
The County recently established a project approval streamlining process to address Senate Bill 3519.

Projects are eligible for ministerial review if they satisfy the following criteria:
 Project is a multifamily housing development consisting of two or more units.  Project dedicates either 10% or 50% of units affordable to 80% of average median income (AMI)  Project site is on land zoned for residential or mixed-use residential use.  Project site is on land in an urbanized area where 75% of the perimeter of site is developed.  Project is consistent with objective zoning and design review standards.

18 As part of its pending Zoning Code update the County will add additional discussion of the SB 330 preliminary application process to its code.

If the update is not adopted prior to the adoption of the Housing Element, the County commits to making these revisions as part of Program 20. 19 As part of its pending Zoning Code update the County will establish a streamlined approval process for projects eligible under Senate Bill 35 and codify this process within its Zoning Code. If the update is not adopted prior to the adoption of the Housing Element, the County commits to making these revisions as part of Program 20.

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 Project site is not located on or in any of the following: (1) coastal zone, (2) prime farmland, or farmland of statewide importance, (3) wetlands, (4) within a very high fire severity zone, (5) a hazardous waste site, (6) within a delineated earthquake fault zone, (7) wi thin a flood plain, (8) within a floodway, (9) identified for conservation in an adopted natural community conservation plan, (10) habitat for protected species or (11) lands under conservation easement.  Project does not propose demolition of (1) housing subject to a recorded covenant, ordinance, or law that restricts rents to levels affordable to persons and families of moderate-, low-, or very low- income, or (2) housing subject to rent or price control, or (3) housing occupied by tenants within the past 10 years.

Review of Past Accomplishments

Per California Government Code Section 65588, “Each local government shall review its housing element as frequently as appropriate to evaluate all of the following: (1) The appropriateness of the housing goals, objectives, and policies in contributing to the attainment of the state housing goal. (2) The effectiveness of the housing element in attainment of the community’s housing goals and objectives. (3) The progress of the city, county, or city and county in implementation of the housing element. (4) The effectiveness of the housing element goals, policies, and related actions to meet the community’s needs, pursuant to paragraph (7) of subdivision (a) of Section 65583.”

Progress Toward Meeting The RHNA
Each jurisdiction in California is responsible for accommodating its share of the region’s housing needs.

The process of determining each jurisdiction’s share of housing needs is called the Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA). The RHNA projection period for the previous Housing Element was from December 31, 2015, to December 31, 2023. The County of Kings was assigned a RHNA of 2,722 units, divided into four income categories:

 Very Low-Income (less than 50% of the Area Median Income)  Low-Income (50 to 80% of the Area Median Income)
 Moderate-Income (80 to 120% of the Area Median Income)  Above Moderate-Income (greater than 120% of the Area Median Income)

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Table 18: Progress Towards Meeting RHNA
Kings County
Housing
Programs
Responsible
Agency
Funding
Source
Program
Objectives
and Timeline
Accomplishments Future Policies and
Actions

1.1 Code
Enforcement
The County’s
Code
Enforcement
staff will
work to
enforce state
and local
regulations.

In
conjunction
with code
enforcement
activities,

County
Building
Inspection
Division

General
Fund
Continue to
work with the
community to
address code
violations. Refer
property
owners to the
Housing
Rehabilitation
Program.
(Timeline:

Ongoing)

A lack of funding
eliminated the code
enforcement officer
position. The building
staff handled code
enforcement and
continued working
with property owners
to remedy issues.

Code Enforcement
Cases by Year:
2015 – 2 cases
2016 – 4 cases
2017 – 11 cases
2018 – 4 cases
2019 – 14 cases
2020 – 11 cases
2021 – 2 cases
2022 – 7 cases
2023 – 10 cases
County to continue
Code Enforcement
Program to improve
the quality of housing
and ensure that the
character and quality
of neighborhoods and
housing are
maintained

1.2 Housing
Rehabilitatio
n Program
County will
provide
housing
repairs and
rehabilitation
loans to
lower-income
households,
including
very-low-
and
extremely-
low-income
persons.

Community
Development
Department
and Self-
Help
Enterprises

CDBG;
HOME;
CAL-
HOME
Continue to
provide
between 6 to 12
loans to lower
income
households per
year. Continue
to market the
program
through
brochures at
the public
counter.
(Timeline:
ongoing)
Promoted property
owner awareness and
interest in available
residential
rehabilitation
programs through the
city website and print
media in public
buildings.

Zero loans for $0 were
provided. The Housing
Rehabilitation program
was discontinued in
2014 due to lack of
funding.

County to continue
Housing Rehabilitation
Program with loans
for housing repairs
and rehabilitation
loans to lower income
households, including
very low and
extremely low-income
persons.

1.3 Preservation
of At-Risk
Affordable
Housing and
Community
Development
Department
General
Fund
County to work
with interested
agencies and
community
General Plan and
Development Code
updated to redesignate
mobile home parks
County to continue
the program and
further review
General Plan and

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Mobile
Home Parks

organisations to
preserve at risk
units by
monitoring their
status and
ensuring
property tenant
notification
prior to project
conversion.

Timeline-
ongoing

from R-1 to MHP to
ensure that
manufactured and
factory-built housing
on permanent
foundations are
permitted subject to
the same standards as
apply to conventional
housing. Wien Manor
expires in 2027.

Development Code to
ensure preservation of
at-Risk Affordable
Housing and Mobile
Home Parks.

1.4 Adequate
Sites
Community
Development
Department
General
Fund
Maintain
appropriate land
use designations
to provide
adequate sites
appropriate for
new housing to
meet the
County’s
housing needs
allocation.

Timeline –
throughout the
planning cycle

The County achieved
711 units out of the
RHNA allocation of 818
units in the last
planning period.

2015 – 29 units
2016 – 4 units
2017 – 17 units
2018 – 23 units
2019 – 59 units
2020 – 88 units
2021 – 144 units
2022 – 227 units
2023 – 120 units
Housing element to
identify adequate
sites in the
unincorporated
County to meet the
regional housing
needs allocation of
561 units (66
extremely low, 66 very
low, 89 low, 106
moderate and 234
above moderate
income affordability)

1.5 First Time
Homebuyer
Program

Community
Development
Agency and
Self-Help
Enterprises
HOME,
CDBG,
CalHOME, &
BEGIN

–Provide 10 to
15 loans
annually.

Timeline –
throughout the
planning period.

The County provided
55 loans for a total of
$3,304,763 to 38 Kings
County residents from
2015 – 2023.

Loan amounts by
program:

CDBG - $1,684,912
CalHOME - $524,742
HOME - $592,603
BEGIN - $348.990
Other - $154,516
County to continue to
apply for CDBG and
HOME funds to
provide assistance to
first-time
homebuyers.

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1.6 Section 8
Rental
Assistance
Program
Kings County
Housing
Authority
Department
of Housing
and Urban
Developmen
t

Support the
Housing
Authority’s
Section 8
program by
promoting the
program via the
County website
and brochures at
County offices.

Timeline –
throughout the
planning period.

The Kings County
Housing Authority
continued to provide
Section 8 Rental
Assistance Program
assistance for
extremely-low and
very-low income
households that spend
more than 30% of
income on rent.

County to continue to
participate in the
Section 8 Assistance
Program to provide
rental subsidies to
extremely-low and
very-low income
households that spend
more than 30% of
their income on rent.

1.7 Foster Youth
Transitional
Program
Community
Development
Agency and
Kings County
Housing
Authority

General
Fund
Continue to
support the
Housing
Authority in the
provision of
transitional
homes for foster
youth. Timeline
– throughout the
planning period.

The Hanford Boys’
Home no longer exists,
but the County
continued to support
the Lemoore Girls’
Home for aged-out
foster care.

The County will
continue the program
and review the need
for program
enhancement.

1.8 Emergency
Shelters and
Transitional/
Supportive
Housing
Community
Development
Agency

General
Fund
Amend the
Development
Code to permit
transitional/supp
ortive housing
subject to the
same
requirements
and procedures
as for other
residential uses
of the same type
in the same
zone, as
required by state
law.

Continue to
support the
Kings/Tulare
Continuum of
Care Plan to
develop
transitional and
emergency
housing
programs for
homeless
The Development Code
permits emergency
shelters in the PF zone
subject only to a
ministerial Site Plan
review, consistent with
SB2. Also allows
emergency shelters by
CUP in the R-1 and
RM zones. The
Development Code
allows transitional or
supportive housing for
up to 6 persons by right
in all residential zones.

On December 21,
2021, the Kings County
Community
Development Agency
approved Site Plan
Review No. 21-20 to
convert an existing 22-
unit motel to
SRO/apartments for
transitional/supportive
housing for homeless.

The County will
continue support the
Kings/Tulare
Continuum of Care
Plan to develop
transitional and
emergency housing
programs for homeless
individuals and
families.

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individuals and
families.

Timeline –
throughout the
planning period

1.9 Density
Bonus
Program
Community
Development
Agency
General
Fund
Continue to
implement the
density bonus
ordinance to
assist
development of
affordable
housing.

Timeline –
throughout the
planning cycle
Local ordinance that
provides density bonus
and other incentives to
encourage the
development of
affordable housing.

Density Bonus by
Year:
2023 – 5 units
2022 – 11 units
2021 – 1 unit
2020 – 1 unit
2019 – 0 units
2018 – 0 units
2017 – 3 units
2016 – 0 units
2015 – 0 units
Total: 21 units

The County will
continue to work with
developers to facilitate
the use of density
bonus in line with
State requirements.

1.10 Farmwor
ker and
Employee
Housing
Community
Development
Agency,
Kings
County
Housing
Authority,
and
interested
affordable
housing
providers/
developers
General
Fund
Continue to
support
farmworker
housing as
follows:

1. Amend the
Developmen
t Code to
incorporate
§17021.5
and
§17021.6 of
the Health
and Safety
Code

2. Assist
interested
developers
by
identifying
sites and
The County also
facilitated renovation
of a former motel into
temporary and/or long-
term, permanent
agricultural employee
housing for 24
farmworker families.

Conditional Use Permit
No. 02-13 was
approved by the Kings
County Planning
Commission on April
7, 2003, but the project
was not developed and
the permit has since
expired.

The County has a 40-
unit farm labor
complex in Kettleman
City that houses 70-100
farm laborers.

The County to
continue to facilitate
the construction of
farmworker housing
on an annual basis

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supporting
funding
applications.

3. Provide, to
the extent
feasible,
regulatory
incentives.

Timeline –
annual and
throughout the
planning period

1.11 Housing
for Persons
with
Disabilities
Community
Development
Agency
General
Fund
Continue to
facilitate the
provision of
community care
facilities and
housing for
persons with
disabilities.

Timeline –
throughout the
planning period
County ensured that
there are no significant
constraints with its
zoning code, permit
processing and building
codes to support
provision of housing
for persons with
disabilities
The County will
continue to:

1. Permit small
licensed
community care
facilities (6 or
fewer persons)
by-right in all
residential zones
and l arger
community care
facilities serving
more than 6
persons by CUP
in all residential
zones; and

2. Implement the
reasonable
accommodation
ordinance
(Zoning Code
Sec. 2208).

1.12 Promote
Equal
Housing
Opportuniti
es
Community
Development
Agency
General
Fund
Continue to
facilitate the
provision of fair
housing
information to
residents of
Kings County.

Timeline –
throughout the
planning period
The County referred
fair housing questions
and complaints to the
Human Rights/Fair
Housing Commission
in Fresno. Information
on fair housing was
posted in public offices
and on the County
website.

The County will
continue to refer fair
housing questions and
complaints to the
Human Rights/Fair
Housing Commission
in Fresno and post fair
housing information in
public offices and on
the website.

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1.13 Assist
Affordable
Housing
Developmen
t
Community
Development
Agency and
affordable
housing
providers/
developers
Local, state
and federal
funds
Seek applicable
grants for
affordable
housing,
provide an
inventory of
housing sites to
interested
developers, and
continue to
pursue housing
production and
rehabilitation
with nonprofit
housing
organizations.

Timeline –
apply for
funding
annually and
implement
throughout the
planning period
The County promoted
the development of
housing for extremely-
low-, very-low-, low-
and moderate-income
persons through direct
financial assistance
such as CDBG and
HOME, priority
entitlement processing,
regulatory incentives
such as density bonus
and modified
development standards,
administrative support
to developers on grant
applications.

The County will
continue supporting
affordable housing,
units, especially for
very-low- and
extremely-low-income
household units., by
seeking applicable
grants and facilitating
such developments
with developers

1.14 Energy
Conservatio
n and
Greenhouse
Gas/Particul
ate Mater
Reduction
Community
Development
Agency and
housing
developers
General
Fund
Increase energy
conservation
and reduce
greenhouse
gases/particulate
matter in Kings
County by
encouraging
developers to
comply with the
California
Green Building
Standards Code.

Developers
receive
expedited plan
check/permit
processing if
their project
meets or
exceeds the
California
Green Building
Standards Code
or if the project
incorporates a
The Community
Development Agency
offers expedited plan
check and permit
processing for
residential projects
designed to comply
with the voluntary
residential
requirements of the
California Green
Building Standards
Code
The County to
continue to incentivize
energy conservation
and reduction of
greenhouse gases and
particulate matters by
facilitating compliance
with California Green
Building Standards
Code through
expedited plan
check/permit
processing

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photovoltaic
system that
provides energy
for residential
uses. This
program will be
publicized
through postings
within the
Community
Development
Agency office
and on the
Agency’s
webpage.

Timeline –
throughout the
planning period

1.15 Weatheri
zation and
Energy
Efficient
Home
Improvemen
ts
Community
Development
Agency
General
Fund
Reduce
residential
energy use and
carbon footprint
by providing
financial
assistance to
lower-income
households for
weatherization
and energy-
efficient heating
and cooling
systems.

Timeline –
throughout the
planning period
The County refers
lower-income
households to the
Kings Community
Action Organization
and other community
services agencies that
provide financial
assistance to qualifying
households for
weatherization and
energy efficiency
improvements.

The County will
continue to facilitate
provision of financial
assistance to
qualifying households
for weatherization and
energy efficiency
improvements.

1.16 Single
Room
Occupancy
(SRO)
Housing
Community
Development
Agency
General
Fund
Address the
needs of
extremely-low-
income persons
through SRO
housing.

The Kings County
Development Code has
been updated to
comply with ADU law
The County will
continue to encourage
development of SRO
housing and will also
encourage Accessory
Dwelling Units

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and to encourage the
construction of
Accessory Dwelling
Units.

1.17 Promote
Fair and
Balanced
Fee
Structures
Community
Development
Agency
No funding
required
Balance the
benefits of non-
profit affordable
housing tax
benefits with the
importance of
maintaining
local funding
mechanisms for
the continuance
of essential
County services.

Timeline –
throughout the
planning period
and reviewed
periodically
The County is in the
process of updating the
public facility impact
fees.

The County will
continue to balance the
benefits of non-profit
affordable housing tax
benefits with the
importance of
maintaining local
funding mechanisms
for the continuance of
essential County
services.

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Efforts to Address Special Housing Needs

Progress Towards Meeting Housing Element Programs
Table 17 summarizes the programs from the 2016-2024 5th cycle Housing Element. To the degree that such programs are recommended to be continued in the current Housing Element, these programs are reorganized and presented in Action Plan for the 2024-2032 6th cycle Housing Element.

The vast majority of the county’s Housing Programs designed to address fair housing will be implemented on an ongoing basis, with annual progress reports and programs evaluations to ensure they are achieving the city’s objectives

At Risk Analysis

Local Knowledge Analysis

The analysis should address all components of the assessment of fair housing (e.g., segregation and integration, disparities in access to opportunity) and should focus on race, income, and overall access to opportunity. The analysis should address trends and incorporate local data and knowledge and other relevant factors.

Sites Analysis

This section provides a review of available vacant sites in unincorporated Kings County that would allow for and facilitate production of the city’s regional share of housing as required by State Law. This data is supplemented with local knowledge of existing conditions in the community to present a more accurate depiction of fair housing issues in Kings County. The following issues are addressed:

a. Future Housing Needs Including Segregation/Integration b. R/ECAPs and RCAAs
c. Access to Opportunity
d. Disproportionate Housing Needs
e. Sites Inventory Findings

To determine where the county has sufficient land to accommodate its share of regional housing needs for all income groups, the county must identify “adequate sites.” Under the State law (California Government Code section 65583[c][1], adequate sites are those with appropriate zoning in and development standards, with service and facilities, needed to facilitate and encourage the development of housing for all income levels.

Assembly Bill 686 (AB 686) has introduced a duty to affirmatively further fair housing into California state law. AB 686 requires that jurisdictions identify sites throughout the community in a manner that is consistent with its duty to affirmatively further fair housing. The site identification includes not only an analysis of site capacity to accommodate the RHNA, but also considers whether the identified sites serve the purpose of

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replacing segregated living patterns with truly integrated and balanced living patterns, transforming racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty into areas of opportunity. This section analyzes the role of all sites, regardless of income level, in assisting to affirmatively further fair housing and consider how the development of new affordable housing options can promote patterns of equality and inclusiveness.

An important part of the AFFH analysis is looking at where the site inventory is directing housing growth and how that will replace segregated living patterns with integrated and balanced living patterns and convert any racially or ethnically concentrated areas that may exist into areas of opportunity for households at all income levels. The following Figures 27 -38 are Vacant Sites for areas surrounding the incorporated areas of Kings County by block group and or Zoning designation.

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Figure 19: Armona Community and Surrounding Area Vacant Sites 6,000 sq ft or Greater

Armona Community and Surrounding Area Zoning J
Vacant Sites 6,000 Square Feet or Greate r I
1-1
I I
LEGEND
_J Flood Zones
D Vacant Land 6,000 sq ~+
D eity Area
J Parcels
zoning
AG20 OS
. AG40 PF
ALl0 R-1·12
. AX R·l-20
= cH R-1-6
• cN :::::::R-1-8
CR . RM-1.5
• cs RM-2
888:CT RM-3
. IH RRA
IL RRE
MU • re-JR
. MU·D • CT-JR
~',;,NRC
Map prepared by·
Maddison Faria
April 23, 2024
Kings County Community
Development Agency
1400 W Lacey Blvd, Hanford, CA 93230
(559)852-264 7

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Figure 20: Armona Community and Surrounding Area Vacant Land Inventory

Block Group 1
Block Group 2
----------
l
L
Armona Community and Surroundi rig Area
Vacant Land Inventory ~
I
I I
1 -/Jili·L
~ 1\111
ec' I
i
I I
1 Block 12
G'f'up 1
I I I
-10.03
Block Group 1
I I
LEGEND
Vacant Land
I Flood Zone
LJ City Boundaries
LJ Census Blocks
LJ Census Tracts
Map prepared by·
Maddison Faria
April 23, 2024
Kings county community
Development Agency
1400 W Lacey Blvd, Hanford, CA 93230
(559 )852-264 7

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Figure 21: County Zoning Surrounding City of Hanford Vacant Sites 6,000 sq ft or Greater

Kings County Zoning Surrounding City of Hanford
Vacant Sites 6,000 Square Feet or Greate r
LEGEND
=:J Flood Zones
D Vacant Land 6,000 sq It+
Deity Area
']Parcels
Zoning
AG20 OS
. AG40 PF
ALl0 R-1-12
. AX R-1-20
= cH R-1-6
. CN :::::::R-1-8
CR . RM-1.5
• cs RM-2
188!:CT RM-3
. IH RRA
IL RRE
MU • re-JR
. MU-D • CT-JR
i,.-~·NRC
Map prepared by·
Maddison Faria
April 23, 2024
Kings county comm unity
Development Agency
HOO W Lacey Blvd, Hanford, CA 93230
(S59)8S2-2647
----~ ---~~iles

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Figure 22: County Zoning Surrounding City of Lemoore Vacant Sites 6,000 sq ft or Greater

Kings County Zoning Surrounding City of Lemoore
Vacant Sites 6,000 Square Feet or Greater
""
---- ·",t .., ·1-'
I ,1 -
j'
~
-i "'~·-·-
j--
LEGEND
C Flood Zones
0 Vacant Land 6,000 sq ft+
Doty Area
□ Pa rcels
Zoning
AG20
AllO
CR
• cs
PF
R-1-2 0
RRE
Map prepared by·
Maddison Faria
April 16, 2024
Kings county community
Development Agency
HOO W Lacey Blvd, Hanford, CA. 93230
(559)852-264 7
o _____ o,7~5 ___ ~ 1·~tles

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Figure 23: Grangeville Rural Interface and Surrounding Area Vacant Sites 6,000 sq ft or Greater

Grangeville Rural Interface and Surrounding Area Zoning Vacant Sites 6,000 Square Feet or Greater
□
r--1
LEGEND
=:J Flood Zones
D Vacant Land 6,000 sq It+
Deity Area
□ Pa rcels
Zoning
AG20 OS
. AG40 PF
All □ R-1-12
. AX R-1-20
CH R-1-6
• cN :::::::R-1-8
CR . RM-1.S
• cs RM-2
888;CT RM-3
. IH RRA
IL RRE
MU • re-JR
. MU-D • CT-JR
"'NRC
Map prepared by·
Maddison Faria
April 23, 2024
Kings county community
Development Agency
HOO W Lacey Blvd, Hanford, CA 93230
(559)8S2-264 7
___ 0·1~3 __ 0~-iiles

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Figure 24: Grangeville Rural Interface and Surrounding Area Vacant Land Inventory

Grangeville Rural Interface and Surrounding Area
Vacant Land Inventory
I ~
•
LEGEND
Vacant Land
Flood Zone
LJ City Boundaries
LJ Census Blocks
CJ Census Tracts
Map prepared by·
Maddison Faria
April 19, 2024
Kings county community
Development Agency
1400 W Lacey Blvd, Hanford, CA 93230
(S~9)8S2-264 7

0.07 0, ~iles

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Figure 25: Home Garden Community and Surrounding Area Vacant Sites 6,000 sq ft or Greater

1r a n
/1
]¢:::,
~ ~
= '
Pc~ ~~ =---=,--
I
=:] --
~ ~ -
c::, 1 0.
7 t - -
i.J -I 1-- j
I
Home Garden Community and Su rounding Area Zoning
Vacant Sites 6,000 Square Ffet :or Greater
-I
I
0 1
I I
LEGEND
=:J Flood Zones
D Vacant Land 6,000 sq It+
Deity Area
'=:J Parcels
Zoning
City of Hanford County
AP AG20
• C·R • AG4-0
• C·S Al lO
• l·H . CN
H .cs
. MX·C IH
. MX·N IL
PF MU
. R H PF
R+S M -12
R-l-8 R-1-6
R·M :;:;:;: R· l-8
. RM-1.5
RM-2
RM-3
RRA
RRE
Map prepared by·
Maddison Faria
April 23, 2024
Kings County Community
Development Agency
1400 W Lacey Blvd, Hanfe<d, CA 93230
(559)852-2647
____ 0_·2 ___ ~0·trnes

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Figure 26: Home Garden Community and Surrounding Area Vacant Land Inventory

Bod<G p2
t-
T
Bfodc:Group3 , '
- '
! \
Block G up 1
' I
t I -1
Home Garden Community and Surro nding Area
Vacant Land Inventory
I
G
u
II-
-
I I~~ I I \-f
-1 f _ -~
J iJ}
t I- " l
L
12 Block Group 2
6 k rot. 3
LEGEND_
D
D
D
Vacant Land
Flood Zone
City Boundaries
Census Blocks
Census Tracts
Map prepared by·
Maddison Faria
April 23, 2024
Kings county community
Development Agency
1400 W Lacey Blvd, Hanford, CA 93230
(S~9)8S2-2647

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Figure 27: Kettleman City Community Vacant Sites 6,000 sq ft or Greater

l?-•□ ,,,,s,
D
Kettleman City Community Zoning
Vacant Sites 6,000 Square Feet or Greate r
LEGEND
=:J Flood Zones
D Vacant Land 6,000 sq It+
Deity Area
Parcels
Zoning
AG20 OS
. AG40 PF
ALlO R-1-12
. AX R-1-20
CH R-1-6
. CN ::::::R-1-8
CR . RM-1.5
• cs RM·2
ISSSCT RM-3
. IH RRA
IL RRE
MU . IC-JR
. MU·D • CT·JR
,· NRC
Map prepared by·
Maddison Faria
April 16, 2024
Kings county community
Development Agency
HOO W Lacey Blvd, Hanford, CA 93230
(559)852-2647
_____ o.._.13:__ __ o:..:;·~ues

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Figure 28: Kettleman City Community and Surrounding Area Vacant Land Inventory

Kettleman City Community and Surrounding Area
Vacant Land Inventory
1;1 .. 1'/D.~J<ll:.:ll !~.'f:
'
I -
Blod<G!Qup ~
--+ I

16.01 I_J
LEGEND
Vacant Land
Flood Zone
CJ City Boundaries
CJ Census Blocks
CJ Census Tracts
_________:r--
_ __ _,____r--
Map prepared by·
Maddison Faria
April 11, 2024
Kings County Commu nity
Development Agency
1400 W Lacey Blvd, Hanfc<d, CA 93230
(559 )852-2647

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Figure 29: Stratford Community Zoning Vacant Sites 6,000 sq ft or Greater

Stratford Community Zoning
Vacant Sites 6,000 Square Feet or Greater
0 --
LEGEND
C Flood Zones
0 Vacant Land 6,000 sq ft+
D oty Area
Parcels
Zoning
. AG40
ALlO
CH
CR
• cs
. IH
IL
. MU-D
PF
R-1-1 2
R-1-20
R-1-6
RM-2
RM-3
Map prepared by:

Maddison Faria
April 11, 2024
Kings County community
Development Agency
1400 W Lacey Blvd, HanfCfd, CA 93230
(S'.:i9)8S2-2047

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Figure 30: Stratford Community and Surrounding Area Vacant Land Inventory

Block Group 1
Stratford Community and Surrounding Area
Vacant Land Inventory
I
Lf
I
Block Gro~p 3
1 I I
I fTl1H I l++t+
I

LANSING

16.01 LAllRFI
\ -
!
LEGEND
Vacant Land
I Flood Zone
D City Boundaries
D Census Blocks
D Census Tracts
Map prepared by·
Maddison Faria
April 11, 2024
Kings count y Community
Development Agency
1400 W Lacey Blvd, Hanford, CA 93230
(S59)8S2-264 7
___ o_.,_s ___ 0·Miles

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SUMMARY

Additionally, State law requires that planning for housing be coordinated and integrated with the Regional Transportation Plan (RTP). To achieve this requirement, the RHNA plan must allocate housing units within the region consistent with the development pattern included in the Sustainable Communities Strategy (SCS).

In September 2022, KCAG adopted the 2022 RTP/SCS update, which incorporates assumptions for housing and employment growth that affect future transportation needs. To achieve the RHNA consistency requirement, this RHNA used the same RTP assumptions for future housing development from the present (2022) to the RTP/SCS 2050 horizon year.

The goal of the RHNA Plan is to promote a fair distribution of attainable housing among the four cities and the unincorporated County in a way that also helps meet the state’s housing goals. Attainable housing is defined as housing that is both sufficient in supply and affordably priced. The total housing units specified in the RHNA plan for each jurisdiction are not to be construed as quotas for development. The RHNA Plan only determines the number and affordability of housing units that jurisdictions need to plan for through land use policies, regulations, infrastructure plans, and other housing assistance programs. Construction and development of these allocations is not a requirement of the RHNA plan.

Future Housing Needs including Segregation/Integration
Kings County’s future housing needs as projected in the Kings County jurisdiction for the 2024-2032 period.

The planning period indicates a need for 561 units. The total housing needs include 66 units for extremely low-income (approx. 11.76% of the RHNA Very Low-Income allocation), 66 units for very low-income, 89 units for low- income, 106 units for moderate-income, and 234 units for above moderate-income. Housing for lower-income households represents 23.5% of the above housing needs.

Table 19: Kings RHNA 2024-2032 by Income Level

Jurisdiction
Extremely
Low* Very Low Low Moderate Above Moderate Total
Unincorporated Kings 66 66 89 106 234 561
Kings County Total 1,128 1,129 1,672 1,753 3,747 9,429
Percentage (Uninc.) 11.76% 11.76% 15.86% 18.89% 41.71% 100% Note: Workers included those 16 years and over who did not work from home.

Table 3 in the Housing Element shows the demographic trends of different racial/ethnic categories within Kings County between 2000 and 2020. During this period, the population of unincorporated Kings County decreased by –3.8 percent, however, a reduction of population in the last decade between 2010 and 2020 was

6.5 percent. Unincorporated Kings County Hispanic population was 46.7 percent of the total population in the year 2010. By 2020, the Hispanic population comprise of 50.7 percent of the population. The changing ethnic characteristics of a community, coupled with shifting in age composition, lead to changes in household composition and ensuing housing needs. The percentage of population that are White residents decreased from

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42.2% in 2010 to 36.3 % in 2020.

The County has considered trends and patterns related to integration and segregation based on racial and ethnic factors, disability, family status, seniors, and median household income. Unincorporated Kings County has some differences compared to Kings Cou nty as a whole. Unincorporated Kings County has a smaller percentage of renters that are extremely low -income households (14.1%) compared to Kings County as a whole (17.7%). The City of Hanford (19.1%), City of Corcoran (25%), and the City of Avenal (34%) had a higher share of renters that are extremely low -income households. Those same jurisdictions also had higher percentage of multi-family units that ranged from 2-4 units and that had 5+ units, as seen on Table 4. Figure

1. COG Geography TCAC/HCD Opportunity Areas, 2023, shows that the southeast portion of the county contains high segregation and poverty.

The county also has a significant need for dependent care and support systems for young children and youth, farm worker housing and housing appropriate for large families.

The Kings County Community Development Agency will include stakeholders and community- based organizations to advise the county on developing and implementing various Housing Element programs. The Kings County Community Development Agency will actively participate in the county’s efforts prioritize and implement the following strategies:

1. Research, identify, and apply for funds available through the CDBG and HOME Programs, Mobile home Park Rehabilitation and Resident Ownership Program (MPRROP), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Cap-and-Trade Program, and other funding sources that support affordable housing development and preservation, infrastructure investment, energy efficiency, homeownership, code enforcement, farmworker housing, etc.

2. Implement the following Housing Programs:

• Program 5.1 - Code Enforcement Program
• Program 5.2 - Housing Rehabilitation Program
• Program 5.3 - Preservation of At-Risk Affordable Housing • Program 5.4 - Adequate Sites
• Program 5.5 - First-Time Homebuyer Program
• Program 5.6 - Section 8 Rental Assistance
• Program 5.7 - Foster Youth Transitional Program
• Program 5.8 - Emergency Shelters and Transitional/Supportive Housing • Program 5.9 - Mobile Home/Manufactured Housing
• Program 5.10 - Farmworker and Employee Housing
• Program 5.11 - Housing for Persons with Disabilities
• Program 5.12 - Promote Equal Housing Opportunities
• Program 5.13 - Assist Affordable Housing Development
• Program 5.14 - Energy Conservation and Greenhouse Gas/Particulate Matter Reduction

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• Program 5.15 - Weatherization and Energy-Efficient Home Improvements • Program 5.16 - Single Room Occupancy (SRO) Housing
• Program 5.17 - Promote Fair and Balanced Fee Structures • Program 5.18 – Preservation of At-Risk Affordable Housing • Program 5.19 – Ensure the General Plan and Zoning Ordinance is in Compliance with State Laws

3. Foster partnerships with non-profit affordable housing developers and experts within the community- based organization’s membership.

4. Engage the community by “getting the word out” on key community planning meetings, informing the public on available housing programs, and translating affordable housing-related materials.

R/ECAPS

According to the HCD AFFH Dataset, there is RCAA in the northeast corner of Kings County (Figure 5). The Housing Plan includes programs to encourage diversity and support housing needs in the city.

RCAAs

There is no census tract in the county that fits the criteria of income of $125,000 and a population that is 80 percent or more White, and therefore the incorporated county has no RCAAs.

The distribution of RHNA sites in the county will therefore, not exacerbate racially/ethnically concentrated areas of poverty or racially concentrated areas of affluence. The majority of new dwelling units will be added on land designated for MDR development.

Access to Opportunity

Access to opportunity is a concept to approximate the link between place -based characteristics (e.g., education, employment, safety, and the environment) and critical life outcomes (e.g., health, wealth, and life expectancy). Ensuring access to opportunit y means both improving the quality of life for residents of low - income communities, as well as supporting residents’ mobility and access to ‘high resource’ neighborhoods., The County largely consists of census tracts that are considered moderate to highest resource areas (see Figure 31) and therefore the county must look to areas with moderate levels of resources to accommodate new development. The county has distributed its RHNA sites throughout these areas. The new residential and mixed-use development in the identified areas will help to create more housing affordable to households at lower income levels, introduce new residents to the areas which can co ntribute to greater neighborhood stability, and expand opportunities for Kings County. Taken together, new residential and mixed -use development in the identified areas will help to diversify the land use pattern and improve the conditions of these census tracts by providing greater housing choice and a broader range of goods and services, bringing new residential development closer to transit and jobs, and otherwise supporting community revitalization.

The General Plan land use map and zoning ordinance identify those areas of the county that are to be developed with residential uses, and what standards apply to the different types of residential uses. Such standards are a necessary tool to promote and ensure a healthy, compatible, and high- quality living environment.

Unincorporated Kings County has 411 acres designated for residential use, 16.2 percent of the acreage in Kings County designated for residential use. The Zoning Ordinance allows for single -family districts and multi-family districts. Existing density bonus ordinance allows a developer to request a density bonus of up

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to 35 percent over the maximum density that is allowed by the zone in which the project is located if the developer agrees to reserve a certain percentage of the units as available to lower income households and/or senior citizens.

A relatively small but important component of the housing market is represented by mobile homes. According to DOF 2020 estimates, Kings County had approximately 1,900 mobile homes, with almost one-half located in unincorporated, rural areas.

Sites Inventory Findings

The distribution of RHNA sites across the community will help to improve the opportunities and outcomes throughout the County. Furthermore, the RHNA sites will allow for development at densities needed to stimulate affordable housing development. Figure 31 depicts 461 potential new units by zone, with MDR receiving 461 moderate- and above-income range units.

POTENTIAL NEW DWELLING UNITS BY ZONE
Table 20 Potential New Dwelling Units by Zone

General Plan

Zone

Acres
Potential New Units by Income

Lower
Moderate and
Above

Total
KINGS COUNTY (unincorporated)
VLDR/LDR R-1-20/RR/R-1-12 247 250 250
MDR RM-3/R-1-6/R-1-
8 142

461 461
HDR/Mixed RM-1.5/RM-2 22 175 175

Sub-Total 411 175 711 886
TOTAL 2540.2 3617 7859 11,376

Table 21 Census-Tract-wise Resource Opportunities

Characteristics Census Tract 2 Census Tract 4.02 Census Tract 4.03 Figure 1

TCAC/HCD
Opportunity Areas
Moderate
Resource
Highest Resource High Resource
Figure 2
Local Median Income
$60,000 - $84, 097 $60,000 - $84,097 $60,000 - $84,097
Figure 3
Poverty Status
10% - 20% < 10% 10% - 20%
Figure 4:

Local Racial
Demographics
Low-Medium
Segregation
Racially Integrated Racially Integrated
Figure 5:

Local RCAAs
Not a RCAA Not a RCAA Not a RCAA
Figure 6:

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Single Parent Female
Headed Households
with Children
Less than 20% Less than 20% Less than 20%
Figure 7: Population
with
a Disability

10% - 20%

10% - 20%
Figure 8: Jobs Within
45-Minute Transit
Commute

1-2,500

Figure 13:

CalEnviroScreen 4.0
> 50% - 75% > 50% - 75% > 50% - 75%
Figure 14:

Flood Hazard Zones

1% Annual Chance
Flood Hazard
Western portions
identified as .02% or
1% Annual Chance
Flood Hazard
No identified flood hazard
Figure 15:

Overcrowded Units

5.19% - 10%
< 5.19% (Statewide
Average)
< 5.19% (Statewide Average)
Figure 15:

Severely Overcrowded
Units

< 2.5%

2.5%-6.5%
Figure 16:

Overpayment by
Renters
40% - 60% 20%-40% 20%-40%
Figure 17: Percentage
of Homeowners
Overpaying

20%-40%

20%-40%
Figure 18: Estimated
Displacement Risk
Lower Displacement
Risk
Lower Displacement
Risk
Lower Displacement Risk

Appendix B, Table B 5 reflects that the sites identified to meet the City’s RHNA are at all income levels. The RHNA sites are generally accommodated throughout the County administered areas (See Figures 19 through 38) and are not concentrated in areas with high racial or ethnic populations, persons with disabilities, female- headed households, senior households, or LMI households. For these reasons, the city finds that the sites proposed to accommodate its RHNA allocation do not unduly burden existing areas of concentrated racial or ethnic homogeneity, poverty, or other characteristics. Moreover, the sites affirmatively further fair housing by helping to stimulate investment in areas where additional opportunities are desired, and where new residential and/or mixed-use development can help to improve some of the opportunity level characteristics discussed earlier in this chapter.

Further, an emphasis on increasing access in primarily single-family neighborhoods through ADUs, SB 9units, and alternative housing types as discussed in the Housing Plan will increase opportunities in areas where single family neighborhoods coincide with higher -than-average income levels, areas of opportunity, and lower diversity.

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SECTION 1A-5: REVIEW OF PAST ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Identification of Contributing Factors and Fair Housing Priorities & Goals

The December 2015 Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing Rule Guidebook published by HUD identifies examples of contributing factors by each fair housing issue area: outreach, fair housing enforcement and outreach capacity, segregation and integration, racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty, disparities in access to opportunity, disparities in access to opportunities for persons with disabilities, disproportionate housing needs, including displacement risks, and sites inventory.

The County supports the recommendations of the 2014 San Joaquin Valley Fair Housing and Equity Assessment (FHEA) that was prepared by the California Coalition for Rural Housing. The FHEA analyzes patterns in racial and economic segregation, discusses how segregation impacts individuals’ and families’ ability to access housing opportunity, and proposes strategies and recommendations to create more equitable and integrated communities.

Based on the issues identified in this Fair Housing Analysis, the following are the top 5 issues to be addressed through the programs in the Housing Plan:

1. Maintaining and preserving the existing affordable housing stock;

2. Assisting in the provision of housing;

3. Removing governmental constraints, as necessary;

4. Providing adequate sites to achieve a variety and diversity of housing; and

5. Promoting equal housing opportunity.

After considering these issues and FHEA recommendations, the County has identified in Table 22 potential contributing factors to fair housing issues in unincorporated Kings County and outlines the meaningful actions to be taken. The meaningful actions listed in the Table relate to the actions identified in the Housing Element.

Table 22: Factors Contributing to Fair Housing Issues

AFH Identified Fair Housing
Issue

Contributing Factors
Priority
Meaningful Actions
Limitations in local Consolidated
Planning Processes, ongoing
CDBG and HOME funding
allocations, Housing Elements
Processes, and other city planning
documents.

Existing low-density
residential development
under general plan and
zoning code
Gap between low density
and medium density and
high-density
classification
High Program 5.13 Assist Affordable
Housing Development:

Through direct financial
assistance such as CDBG and
HOME, priority entitlement
processing, regulatory
incentives such as density
bonus and modified
development standards,
Assist in the provision of housing
by removing government
constraints and promoting equal
housing opportunity

Limitations in zoning
code and density
classifications
Permission of pre-
approved design, and
development standards
High Program 5.13 Assist Affordable
Housing Development:

Through direct financial
assistance such as CDBG and
HOME, priority entitlement
processing, regulatory
incentives such as density
bonus and modified
development standards,
administrative support to
developers on grant
applications.

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SECTION 1A-5: REVIEW OF PAST ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Programs 5.6 Section 8 Rental
Assistance

Program 5.8 Emergency
Shelters and
Transitional/Supportive
Housing

Program 5.9
Mobile/Manufactured
Housing),

Program 5.10 Farmworker and
Employee Housing

Program 5.11 Housing for
Persons with Disabilities

Program 5.16 SRO Housing

Funding for marginalized or
distressed communities, such as
Transit Oriented Development
Funds, Strategic Growth
Council grants, HCD's Housing-
Related Parks Program, Safe
Routes to School, and Brownfield
funding.

Ensuring funding is
available for marginalized
and distressed community
High Research, identify, and apply
for funds available through the
CDBG and HOME Programs,
Mobile home Park
Rehabilitation and Resident
Ownership Program
(MPRROP), United States
Department of Agriculture
(USDA), Cap-and-Trade
Program, and other funding
sources
that support affordable
housing development and
preservation, infrastructure
investment, energy efficiency,
homeownership, code
enforcement, farmworker
housing, etc.

Program 5.5 First-Time
Homebuyer Program

Program 5.6 Section 8 Rental
Assistance

Program 5.14 Energy
Conservation and Greenhouse
Gas/Particulate Matter
Reduction

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SECTION 1A-5: REVIEW OF PAST ACCOMPLISHMENTS

5.15 Weatherization and
Energy-Efficient Home
Improvements
Provide guidance for site selection
of affordable housing
developments.

Housing Element identifies
adequate sites to
accommodate the City’s
share of the Regional
Housing Needs Allocation
of 561 units
High Program 5.4 Zoning for
Adequate Sites: Adequate sites
are those with sufficient
development and density
standards, water and sewer
services, and adequate
infrastructure.

Develop a program to educate and
encourage landlords to accept
Housing Choice Vouchers.

Lack of readily available
information regarding fair
housing resources and
assistance to persons in
filing a complaint

Lack of education of public
and housing providers
regarding rights and
responsibilities under the
AFH and FEHA
High Program 5.12 Promote Equal
Housing Opportunities

Develop and implement a
proactive code enforcement
program that holds property
owners accountable and
proactively plans for resident
relocation when necessary.

Code enforcement High Program 5.1 Code Enforcement,

5.2 Housing Rehabilitation
Program,
Prioritize basic infrastructure
improvements like water, sewer,
and streetlights.

Ensuring availability of
basic infrastructure to
proposed development of
lower-income households
High Program 5.17 Promote Fair and
Balanced Fee Structures

Disproportionate Housing Needs,
including Overpayment and
Substandard Housing

Ongoing need for affordable
housing

Need for assistance with
monthly housing costs

Lack of local information
regarding available housing
rehabilitation, emergency
repair, and weatherization
programs

Need for targeted housing
revitalization strategies
Medium Program 5.6 Section 8 Rental
Assistance

Program 5.17 Foster Youth
Transitional Program

Program 5.8 Emergency
Shelters and
Transitional/Supportive
Housing

Program 5.10 Farmworker and
Employee Housing

5.11 Housing for Persons with
Disabilities

Program 5.16 Single Room

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SECTION 1A-5: REVIEW OF PAST ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Occupancy (SRO) Housing
Use design tools to seamlessly
integrate affordable housing
development into larger mixed-
income developments.

Limitations in zoning code
and density classifications ·

Approval process
Medium Program 5.13 Assist Affordable
Housing Development: The
County promotes the
development of housing for
extremely-low-, very-low-, low-
and moderate-income persons
through direct financial
assistance such as CDBG and
HOME, priority entitlement
processing, regulatory
incentives such as density bonus
and modified development
standards,
Displacement Risk Land use and zoning laws

Displacement of residents
due to economic pressures
Medium
Program 5.3 Preservation of At-
Risk Affordable Housing

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Kings County Lemoore Corcoran Hanford Avenal Kings (Unincorporated)

• • • • •

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APPENDIX 2: CITY OF AVENAL

FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS
Draft – July 2024

Prepared By:

Realty Planners Group
Fallbrook, California

Kings County Lemoore Corcoran Hanford Avenal Kings (Unincorporated)

• • • • •

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SECTION 1A: TABLE OF CONTENTS
KINGS MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS | JULY 2024 | DRAFT

APPENDIX 2: CITY OF AVENAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COUNTY OF KINGS
Local Assessment Of Fair Housing............................................................................................. 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 Outreach ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Assessment of Fair Housing Issues ........................................................................................... 2 A) Key Data And Background Information .................................................................................. 3 B) Fair Housing Enforcement Outreach Capacity ....................................................................... 5 C) Integration And Segregation Patterns And Trends ................................................................. 7 D) Racially or Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty ........................................................... 27 E) Disparities in Access to Opportunity ..................................................................................... 29 F) Disproportionate Housing Needs .......................................................................................... 45 Sites Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 58 Contributing Factors .................................................................................................................. 67

TABLES
Table 1: Kings County Household Population Growth, 1990-2020 .................................................... 4 Table 2: City of Avenal Fair Housing Compliance .............................................................................. 5 Table 3: Race and Ethnicity .............................................................................................................. 8 Table 4: Population by Race by Hispanic Origin Over Time (Simplified) ............................................ 9 Table 5: Household Income Distribution by Tenure ......................................................................... 12 Table 6: Median Household Income by Race or Hispanic Origin ..................................................... 12 Table 7: Total Households in Poverty .............................................................................................. 18 Table 8: Percent of Households in Poverty Over Time .................................................................... 18 Table 9: Extremely Low Income Households Overpaying by Tenure (City) ..................................... 17 Table 10: Household Characteristics ............................................................................................... 18 Table 11: Household type by tenure ................................................................................................ 18 Table 12: Households by Size ......................................................................................................... 19 Table 13: Tenure by Household Size .............................................................................................. 19 Table 14: Female-Headed Households ........................................................................................... 20 Table 15: Population by Age Groups (Total) .................................................................................... 22 Table 16: Senior Households by Tenure Over Time ........................................................................ 22 Table 17: Percentage of Persons with Disability Type by Age ......................................................... 24 Table 18: DDS Data on People with Developmental Disabilities - Age ............................................ 25 Table 19: Leading Agricultural Crops, Kings County ....................................................................... 37 Table 20: Agricultural Employment by Jurisdiction .......................................................................... 38 Table 21: Hired Farm Labor-Workers, Kings County ....................................................................... 39 Table 22: Travel Time to Work ........................................................................................................ 40 Table 23: Work Locations of City/County Resident Workers............................................................ 40 Table 24: Household Tenure and Vacancy Rates ........................................................................... 45 Table 25: Total Housing Units Over Time ........................................................................................ 46 Table 26: Total Housing Units by Type Over Time .......................................................................... 46 Table 31: Overcrowding by Tenure .................................................................................................. 49

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KINGS MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL FAIR HOUSING ANALYSIS | JULY 2024 | DRAFT

iii

Table 32: Household Overpayment by Tenure ................................................................................ 50 Table 33: Homeless Persons .......................................................................................................... 54 Table 34: Shelter Facilities in Kings County .................................................................................... 55 Table 35: Kings RHNA 2024-2032 by Income Level ........................................................................ 59 Table 36: Potential New Dwelling Units by Zone ............................................................................. 62 Table 37: Characteristics by City of Avenal Census Tracts ............................................................. 66 Table 38: Factors Contributing to Fair Housing Issues ..................................................................... 67

FIGURES
Figure 1: Local Racial Demographics ............................................................................................... 10 Figure 2: Local Median Income (ACS, 2017-2021) – TRACT ........................................................... 13 Figure 3: Poverty Status (ACS, 2017-2021) – TRACT ..................................................................... 16 Figure 4: Single-Parent Female-Headed Households with Children.................................................. 21 Figure 5: Population with a Disability ................................................................................................ 26 Figure 6: Local RCAAs .................................................................................................................... 28 Figure 7: COG Geography TCAC/HCD Opportunity Areas, 2023 ..................................................... 31 Figure 8: Kings County All Transit Performance Score ..................................................................... 33 Figure 9: Kings County High quality transit stops and transit area (1/2 mile) ................................... 34 Figure 10: Employment by Industry of Kings County Workforce ...................................................... 35 Figure 11: High Quality transit stops and transit area (1/2 Mile) & Jobs within 45-min Transit Commute. ....................................................................................................................................... 36 Figure 12: School districts in Kings County ..................................................................................... 41 Figure 13: CalEnviroScreen 4.0 & high-quality transit stops (Transit area ½ mile) ........................... 43 Figure 14: Flood Hazard Zones ....................................................................................................... 44 Figure 15: Overcrowding in Kings County ........................................................................................ 51 Figure 16: Overpayment by renters (ACS, 2017-2021) – Tract Level .............................................. 52 Figure 17: Percentage of Homeowners Overpaying ......................................................................... 53 Figure 18: Estimated displacement risk – Overall displacement by tract.......................................... 57 Figure 19: City of Avenal Vacant Sites 6,000 Square Feet or Greater ............................................. 63 Figure 20: City of Avenal Vacant Land Inventory ............................................................................. 64

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Local Assessment of Fair Housing
Introduction
Assembly Bill (AB) 686 requires that all housing elements due on or after January 1, 2021, contain an Assessment of Fair Housing (AFH) consistent with the core elements of the analysis required by the federal Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH) Final Rule of July 16, 2015. Under California law, AFFH means “taking meaningful actions, in addition to combating discrimination, that overcome patterns of segregation and foster inclusive communities free from barriers that restrict access to opportunity based on protected characteristics.”1
California Government Code Section 65583 (10)(A)(ii) requires local jurisdictions to analyze racially or ethnically concentrated areas of poverty and affluence, disparities in access to opportunity, and disproportionate housing needs, including displacement risk. Although this is the Housing Element for the County of Kings , Government Code Section 65583 (c) (10) requires all local jurisdictions to address patterns locally and regionally to compare conditions at the local level to the rest of the region. This section is organized by fair housing topics to address the identified issues which are included throughout the section. Through discussions with housing service providers, fair housing advocates, and this assessment of fair housing issues, the County of Kings identified factors that contribute to fair housing issues.

The AFFH analysis must contain the following:

1. Outreach

2. Assessment of Fair Housing
a. Key Data and Background Information
b. Fair Housing Enforcement and Outreach Capacity
c. Integration and Segregation Patterns and Trends
d. Racially or Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty e. Disparities in Access to Opportunity
f. Disproportional Housings Needs
g. Displacement Risk

3. Sites Inventory

4. Identification

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Outreach
a) Public Participation
State law requires local governments to make a diligent effort to achieve public participation in three formal community meetings to initiate the Housing Element. To that end, each jurisdiction has provided opportunities for residents, interested parties, and local officials to participate in the update process and offer recommendations regarding housing needs and strategies to address those needs.

The public participation process for this Housing Element involved four major stages:

1. Public workshops and meetings in each of the four cities and the unincorporated County during the preparation of the Draft Housing Element.

2. Publication of the Draft Housing Element and subsequent review by the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD).

3. Revisions to the Housing Element to address comments from HCD and publication of a revised Draft Housing Element.

4. Public hearings before the Planning Commission and City Council of each city and the Planning Commission and Board of Supervisors of Kings County prior to adoption of the final Housing Element.

For details regarding the public meetings and hearings, as well as a summary of issues raised during the update process, please refer to further chapters.

b) City of Avenal Website
City of Avenal website (https://www.cityofavenal.com/212/Community-Development) serves as the main conduit of information for individuals who can access material online. The website is regularly updated to reflect ongoing community input opportunities, advertise draft housing element, and answer commonly asked questions. The website includes the following information:
• Upcoming meeting information
• Housing Element Workshops
• Notices of Public Hearing
• Links to Housing Element and other planning documents

c) General Multi-Lingual Advertisements
The City utilized a variety of methods to advertise the project, engage the community, and solicit input on the Housing Element (including fair housing analysis). These efforts are summarized herein to demonstrate the City’s meaningful commitment to community collaboration. The city has prepared workshop flyers (in English and Spanish), and sent emails to stakeholders requesting involvement and providing flyers and outreach information in English and Spanish.

d) Community Meeting
At the City of Avenal, a public workshop took place during a Town Hall meeting on November 8th, 2023 at 6:00 PM. During the workshop presentation city staff and consultants provided a description of the Housing Element adoption process and timelines for adoption. Consultants and city staff also provided information on RHNA allocations as well as a timeline for adoption

Assessment of Fair Housing Issues

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This section provides an overview of available federal, state, and local data to analyze fair housing issues in the City of Avenal. This data is supplemented with local knowledge of existing conditions in the community to present a more accurate depiction of fair housing issues in Avenal , and a more informed perspective from which to base goals, policies, and programs to affirmatively further fair housing. The following issues are addressed:
a) Key Data and Background Information
b) Fair Housing Enforcement and Outreach Capacity
c) Integration and Segregation Patterns and Trends
d) Racially or Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty e) Disparities in Access to Opportunity
f) Disproportionate Housing Needs
g) Displacement Risk

A) Key Data and Background Information
Kings County is located within the agriculturally rich San Joaquin Valley, with Fresno County to the north and west, Tulare County to the east, and Kern County to the south. Created in 1893, Kings County was carved from the western portion of Tulare County and later added another 100 square miles. The Kings River, from which the County derives its name, runs along the northern edges and flows south towards the center of the County. Historically, this river flowed farther south to what was once Tulare Lake Kings County is comprised of four cities (Avenal, Corcoran, Hanford, and Lemoore), four unincorporated community service areas (Armona, Home Garden, Kettleman City, and Stratford), and a few other smaller community pockets.

Agriculture remains the predomina nt landscape of Kings County, with approximately 84% of its land area used for agriculture. The County’s transportation network has played a key role in its economic development.

Avenal has a proud agricultural heritage and is the largest pistachio grower and processor. Wonderful Pistachios employs a majority of Avenal’s agricultural labor. They are a major community partner that has invested in the city in cluding building a pre -school. Before that, t he discovery of oil in the early 1900s transformed Avenal into a boomtown and the Standard Oil Company invested in the community including a hospital and theater. In the 1950s, the oil money and Avenal’s growth started to dwindle. Then in the 1970’s, the California Aqueduct project was completed and the agricultural sector grew. Today, the City of Avenal aims to be a caring community that provides an oasis of opportunities for all to prosper.

Table 1 provides data on the growth of the household population in Avenal and Kings County over a thirty- year period. In Avenal, the household population increased, starting from 5,505 in 1990 and rising to 9,406 by 2020. This growth represents an addition of 3,901 persons, or a 70.9% increase in population over three decades. Comparatively, Kings County also experienced population growth, but at a much slower rate, 53.1%.

This data highlights that Avenal’s population growth significantly outpaced that of t he overall county, marking it as a key area of demographic change within Kings County. This rate of growth is significantly higher than the overall growth rate in Kings County during the same period. The county's household population grew from 89,469 in 1990 to 136,964 in 2020, an increase of 47,495 persons or 53.10%. The data highlights Avenal's notable population growth, which outpaced the average growth rate in Kings County.

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Table 1: Kings County Household Population Growth, 1990-2020

Jurisdiction
Household Population Change 1990-2020
1990 2000 2010 2020 Persons %
Avenal 5,505 7,973 9,082 9,406 3,901 70.9%
County Totals 89,469 109,332 131,402 136,964 47,495 53.10%

Note: All numbers exclude persons in group quarters (State prisons and Naval Air station Lemoore) ; Sources: Census 1990, 2000, 2010; Cal.DOF, , E5 and E8 Population and Housing Estimates.

The City of Avenal evaluated the 5 th Cycle Housing Program Evaluation for 2016 to 202 3. The following are some of its accomplishments:
• Program 1.2. Housing Rehabilitation Program: Con tinued to provide 6- 12 loans to lower income households per year.
• Program 1.3 Preservation of At-Risk Affordable Housing and Mobile Home Parks: Updated the General Plan and Zoning Ordinance to redesignate mobile home parks from R-1 to MHP to ensure that manufactured and factory- built housing on permanent foundations are permitted. It also monitors 317 affordable units and identified Wien Manor as expiring in 2027.
• Program 1.5 Infill Development: The City provides an inventory of infill sites that are adequately served by infrastructure and suitable for residential development. • Program 1.13 Emergency Shelters and Transitional/Supportive Housing: Updated the Zoning Ordinance to permit emergency shelters in the High Density Multi-Family Residential (R-3) zone by right which is located by social services.
• Program 1.17 Energy Conservation: The City worked with Pacific Gas & Electric to provide homeowners and renters with energy audits and resources to obtain low energy products such as lights and insulation.

The City supports the recommendations of the 2014 San Joaquin Valley Fair Housing and Equity Assessment (FHEA) that was prepared by the California Coalition for Rural Housing. The FHEA analyzes patterns in racial and economic segregation, discusses how segregation impacts individuals’ and families’ ability to access housing opportunity, and proposes strategies and recommendations to create more equitable and integrated communities. Some of the recommendations include:

Use the data and findings in the FHEA document to guide local Consolidated Planning Processes, ongoing CDBG and HOME funding allocations, Housing Elements Processes, and other city planning documents:
1) Actively seek funding for marginalized or distressed communities, such as Transit Oriented Development Funds, Strategic Growth Council grants, HCD's Housing- Related Parks Program, Safe Routes to School, and Brownfield funding. 2) Develop and implement a proactive code enforcement program that holds property owners accountable and proactively plans for resident relocation when necessary. 3) Consider new technologies and/or products such as modular housing construction to reduce costs and increase access to housing.

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4) Prioritize basic infrastructure improvements like water, sewer, and street lights. 5) Support acquisition and rehabilitation programs to combat vacant or blighted properties. 6) Use the FHEA data and the opportunity indices to help guide site selection of affordable housing developments.
7) Use design tools to seamlessly integrate affordable housing development into larger mixed- income developments.
8) Develop a program to educate and encourage landlords to accept Housing Choice Vouchers.

The availability of adequate and affordable housing to meet the needs of current and future residents is an important housing goal. To accomplish this goal, a comprehensive assessment of housing needs provides the basis for developing responsive policies and programs.

B) Fair Housing Enforcement Outreach Capacity

Equal access to housing is fundamental to each person being able to meet essential needs and to pursuing personal, educational, employment, or other goals. In recognition of equal housing access as a fundamental right, the governments of the United States and the State of California have both established fair housing as a right protected by law. Federal fair housing laws prohibit discrimination in the sale, rental, lease, or negotiation for real property based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, and disability.

The California fair housing laws are built upon the federal laws and add marital status, ancestry, source of income, sexual orientation, and “any arbitrary factor” as protected categories under the laws. Many factors in the public and private domains impede equal access to housing or fair housing choice. Impediments to fair housing choice are:
• Any actions, omissions, or decisions taken because of race, color, ancestry, national origin, religion, sex, disability, marital status, familial status, source of income, sexual orientation, or any other arbitrary factor which restrict housing choices or the availability of housing choices; or • Any actions, omissions, or decisions which have the effect of restricting housing choices or the availability of housing choices on the basis of race, color, ancestry, national origin, religion, sex, disability, marital status, familial status, source of income, sexual orientation, or any other arbitrary factor. To affirmatively promote equal housing opportunity, a community must work to remove or mitigate impediments to fair housing choice. The City of Avenal is dedicated to providing fair housing opportunities to all residents and to ensure that all applicable laws are complied with throughout the city

The City of Avenal provides resources and programs to address fair housing concerns. Below is a table that discusses laws and compliance regarding fair housing. Further discussion of programs is found in the Kings County Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element and in the Contributing Factors section of this AFFH report.

Table 2: City of Avenal Fair Housing Compliance

Law Description Compliance
California Fair
Employment and
Housing Act
(FEHA)
The Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA)
applies to public and private employers, labor
organizations and employment agencies and
prohibits discrimination in housing and
employment on the basis of protected
characteristics.

The FEHA prohibits those engaged in the
housing business –
landlords, real estate
agents, home sellers, builders, mortgage
The city complies with employment
requirements through strict enforcement
of hiring practices and regular training of
hiring managers and human resources
staff.

All development projects with City
funding are required to comply with
FEHA.

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lenders, among others – from discriminating
against tenants or homeowners based on
protected characteristics.

It is also illegal for cities, counties, or other local government agencies to make zoning or land-use
decisions, or have policies, that discriminate
against individuals based on those traits.

Government Code
Section 65008
Covers actions of a city, county, city and county,
or other local government agency, and makes
those actions null and void if the action denies an
individual or group of individuals the enjoyment
of residence, landownership, tenancy, or other
land use in the state because of membership in a
protected class, the method of financing, and/or the
intended occupancy.

For example, a violation under Government Code
section 65008 may occur if a jurisdiction applied
more scrutiny to reviewing and approving an
affordable development as compared to market-rate
developments, or multifamily housing as
compared to single family homes.

Compliance is achieved by uniform
application of the City’s codes,
regulations, policies and practices,
including development standards, design
guidelines, application submittal
requirements, fees and approval findings.

Avenal supports the recommendations of the
San Joaquin Valley Fair Housing and Equity
Assessment and cooperates with the State in
the development of the Assessment of Fair
Housing.

Government Code
Section 8899.50
Requires all public agencies to administer programs
and activities relating to housing and community
development in a manner to affirmatively further
fair housing and avoid any action that is
materially inconsistent with its obligation to
affirmatively further fair housing.

Compliance is achieved through
consultations with community stakeholders
and support agencies as part of program
evaluation and funding decisions.

Government Code
Section 11135 et
seq.

Requires full and equal access to all programs
and activities operated, administered, or funded
with financial assistance from the state, regardless
of one’s membership or perceived membership in a
protected class.

Compliance is achieved through
promotion/availability of activities and
programs to all persons of all backgrounds
to participate equally in community
programs and activities.

Housing
Accountability Act
(Gov. Code, §
65589.5.)
Provides that a local agency shall not disapprove
a housing development project, for very low,
low-, or moderate-income households, or an
emergency shelter, or condition approval in a
manner that renders the housing development
project infeasible for development for the use of
very low, low-, or moderate-income households,
or an emergency shelter, including through the use
of design review standards, unless it makes certain
written findings, based upon a preponderance of
the evidence in the record.

Compliance is achieved through the
development review process consistent
with the Housing Accountability Act.

Additionally, the city continually reviews
its development standards and to ensure they
facilitate an objective and equitable review
of applicable projects.

XX
Excessive
Subdivision
Standards (Gov.

Code, § 65913.2.)
Provides that, in exercising its authority to
regulate subdivisions a city, county, or city and
county shall:
a) Refrain from imposing criteria for
design, as defined in Section 66418, or
improvements, as defined in Section
66419, for the purpose of rendering
infeasible the development of housing
for any and all economic segments of
the community. However, nothing in
this section shall be construed to
enlarge or diminish the authority of a
city, county, or city and county under
Compliance is achieved through the
implementation of a fair and equitable
development review process which is
administrated consistent with the Excessive
Subdivision Standards Act.

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other provisions of law to permit a
developer to construct such housing.
b) Consider the effect of ordinances
adopted and actions taken by it with
respect to the housing needs of the
region in which the local jurisdiction is
situated.
c) Refrain from imposing standards and
criteria for public improvements
including, but not limited to, streets,
sewers, fire stations, schools, or parks,
which exceed the standards and criteria
being applied by the city, county, or
city and county at that time to its
publicly financed improvements
located in similarly zoned districts
within that city, county, or city and
county.

Housing Element
Law (Gov. Code, §
65583, esp. subds.
(c)(5), (c)(10).)
Section 65583 stipulates that the housing element
shall consist of an identification and analysis of
existing and projected housing needs and a
statement of goals, policies, quantified
objectives, financial resources, and scheduled
programs for the preservation, improvement,
and development of housing. The housing
element shall identify adequate sites for
housing, including rental housing, factory-built
housing, mobile homes, and emergency shelters,
and
shall make adequate provision for the existing
and projected needs of all economic segments of
the community.

Subdivision (c)(5) provides that, in order to make
adequate provision for the housing needs of all
economic segments of the community, the
program shall promote and affirmatively further
fair housing opportunities and promote housing
throughout the community or communities for
all persons regardless of race, religion, sex,
marital status, ancestry, national origin, color,
familial status, or disability, and other
characteristics protected by the California Fair
Employment and Housing Act (Part 2.8
(commencing with Section 12900) of Division 3
of Title 2), Section 65008, and any other state and
federal fair housing and planning law.

Compliance is achieved through
preparation and adoption of a Housing
Element found to be in substantial
compliance with State Housing Element law
by the California Department of Housing
and Community Development.

C) Integration and Segregation Patterns And Trends

To inform priorities, policies, and actions, an analysis of integration and segregation, including patterns and trends, related to people with protected characteristics. Segregation generally means a condition in which there is a high concentration of pers ons of a particular race, color, religion, sex, familial status, national origin, or having a disability or a particular type of disability when compared to a broader geographic area. Conversely, integration refers to a condition in which there is a not a high concentration of persons of a particular race, color, religion, sex, familial status, national origin, or having a disability or a particular type of disability when

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compared to a broader geographic area. The following analysis will analyze levels of segregation and integration for race and ethnicity, persons with disabilities, familial status, age, and income to identify the groups in Avenal that experience the highest levels of segregation. Minorities are often concentrated in impoverished areas and lack access to resources such as jobs, educational opportunities, life services and face other disadvantages.

Racial Demographics
The racial and ethnic composition of Avenal and Kings County, as indicated by the Census ACS 2016-2020 data, presents a distinct demographic profile. In Avenal, a significant majority of the population, 87.0%, identifies as Hispanic or Latino, which is notably higher than the percentage in Kings County at 54.90%. This indicates a strong Hispanic or Latino presence in Avenal's community. The non-Hispanic or Latino population in Avenal is comparatively smaller, at 13.0%, which is significantly lower than the 45.10% in Kings County.

Breaking this down further, only 8.4% of Avenal’s population is White (non-Hispanic or Latino), in contrast to Kings County's 31.60%. Similarly, other racial groups such as Black or African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and those identifying as other races or with two or more races, have a lesser representation in Avenal compared to Kings County.

Table 3: Race and Ethnicity

Racial /Ethnic Group Avenal Kings County
Not Hispanic
or Latino 13.0% 45.10%
White 8.4% 31.60%
Black or
African American 3.3% 5.90%
American Indian/
Alaska Native 0.4% 0.80%
Asian 0.3% 3.60%
Native Hawaiian
/Pacific Islander 0.1% 0.10%
Other races or
2+ races 0.5% 3.20%
Hispanic or Latino
(any race) 87.0% 54.90%
Total 100% 100%
Source: Census ACS 2016-2020, Table B03002

From the span of 2000 to 2020, the Hispanic or Latino of Any Race population count increased by 19.4%.

There was a larger increase of the Hispanic or Latino of Any Race population between 2000- 2010 than there was between 2010 to 2020. The inverse took place with the White Alone Non-Hispanic between 2000 to 2020, however the 41.1% percentage decrease is more significant. There is an extremely significant drop in the Black or African American Alone Non -Hispanic from 2000 to 2020. In 2000, there were 1,808 individuals which dropped by a few hundred in 2010. Then from 2010 to 2020, there was a large drop from 1,540 to 102 individuals. In the span of 20 years, that is a 94.3% decrease.

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Table 4: Population by Race by Hispanic Origin Over Time (Simplified) 2000 2010 2020
Hispanic or Latino of Any Race 9,667 11,130 11,545
White Alone Non-Hispanic 2,923 2,387 1,721
Black or African American Alone Non-Hispanic 1,808 1,540 102 American Indian and Alaska Native Alone Non-Hispanic 79 82 76 Asian Alone Non-Hispanic 54 102 83
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Alone Non-Hispanic 2 4 13 Some Other Race Non-Hispanic 26 197 37
Two or More Races Non-Hispanic 115 63 119
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, 2010; Social Explorer Table for Census 2020.

According to Figure 1, there is not sufficient data for the majority of the City of Avenal. Only a small portion is within census tract 17.02 which is identified as High POC Segregation. Census tract 9818 lacks data for a lot of other categories in this report but this small area is identified as Racially Integrated. It is notable that this area is the where the Avenal State Prison is located.

Gini Index
The Gini index is a measure of the extent to which the distribution of income among families/households within a community deviates from a perfect equal distribution. The scale is from 0 to 1, with 0 representing perfect equality and 1 representing the highest possible level of inequality. Gini coefficient for California is

0.49 while Kings County has a Gini index is 0.41. The City of Avenal is lower than both jurisdictions at .351.

Therefore, of the three jurisdictions, the City of Avenal performs marginally better in terms of equality.

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APPENDIX 2: CITY OF AVENAL

Figure 1: Local Racial Demographics
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Income Distribution

The City of Avenal consists of 4 census tracts and has the smallest population, 9,406 individuals, compared to the other incorporated cities in Kings County.

According to the ACS 2016- 2020 Table S1901 t he median household income for the entire County was reported as $61,556. In general, the City of Avenal’s median household income is below the county average at $49,781 according to the Census ACS 2016- 2020 Table S1901. As seen in Figure 2, the City of Avenal ’s median income is between $35,000 and $60,000 (state median income) with a small portion towards the southern tip consisting of income below $35,000.

Avenal’s workforce consists of a larger proportion of individuals that participate in “blue-collar” jobs such as farming, construction, extraction, manufacturing, production, transportation, and material moving compared to other jurisdictions such as Hanford and Lemoore with more "white collar jobs". Although median household income is a common benchmark for comparison, the distribution of household income also provides a useful measure of housing needs in a community. In housing analysis, households are typically grouped into categories, expressed rel ative to the Area Median Income (AMI) and adjusted for family size.

Using State of California income thresholds, the income groups analyzed were as follows:

• Extremely low income: Up to 30% of AMI
• Very low income: 31-50% of AMI
• Low income: 51-80% of AMI
• Moderate income: 81-120% of AMI
• Upper income: Above 120% of AMI

Table 5 estimates the percentage of households by tenure within each income category in each jurisdiction as reported in HUD Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data based on the Census ACS 2014-2018. Countywide, almost one-quarter (24%) of owner households were in the lower-income category (80% or less than the AMI --extremely-low, very-low, and low incomes), while over one-half (55%) of renter households were in the lower-income category. In the City of Avenal, more than 60% of owners belonged to the moderate-income category while more than 80% of the renters were mostly distributed in the moderate income and lower income categories. As witnessed at the county and city levels, renters experience a higher proportion of lower-income households.

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Table 5: Household Income Distribution by Tenure

Income Category Avenal Kings County
Owners
<= 30% 7.9% 5.50%
>30% to <=50% 6.9% 7.30%
>50% to <=80% 20.4% 11.00%
>80% to <=100% 10.6% 8.60%
>100% 54.2% 67.50%
Total 100.00% 100.00%
Renters
<= 30% 34.0% 17.70%
>30% to <=50% 19.3% 14.60%
>50% to <=80% 29.1% 22.80%
>80% to <=100% 2.9% 11.40%
>100% 15.2% 33.50%
Total 100.00% 100.00%
Source: HUD CHAS data based on Census ACS 2014-2018

At the city level, Avenal and Corcoran had higher percentages of lower -income owner and renter households than those in Hanford and Lemoore. As shown in Table 5, 35% of Avenal owner households and 82% of renter households are in the lower income category. Data from the U.S. Census Bureau, specifically the ACS16-20 (5- Year Estimates), Table B25105 titled "Median Monthly Housing Costs Over Time" provides a comparative snapshot of the changes in housing costs over a decade for the City of Avenal, Kings County, and the state of California. In 2010, the median monthly housing cost in Avenal was $669, which rose to $768 in 2015 and then to $840 in 2020, marking a 25.6% increase over ten years. Kings County saw a rise from $960 in 2010 to $978 in 2015, reaching $1,094 by 2020, which is a 14.0% increase. In comparison, California's median housing costs started at $1,409 in 2010, slightly increased to $1,419 in 2015, and jumped to $1,688 by 2020, resulting in a

19.8% rise. These figures indicate that while Avenal expe rienced the highest percentage increase in housing costs, it remains substantially lower in absolute terms compared to the county average and significantly lower than the state average.

Table 6: Median Household Income by Race or Hispanic
Origin

City of
Avenal
Kings
County
California
White Alone Non-Hispanic $68,052 $74,918 $90,496
Black Or African American Alone Non-Hispanic $56,076 $54,976 American Indian And Alaska Native Alone Non-Hispanic $44,842 $60,182 Asian Alone Non-Hispanic $80,530 $101,380
Native Hawaiian And Other Pacific Islander Alone Non-Hispanic $98,864 $81,682 Some Other Race Alone Non-Hispanic $50,768 $47,592 $59,287 Two Or More Races Non-Hispanic $82,111 $72,188 $76,733 Hispanic Or Latino of Any Race $48,783 $49,373 $62,330 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS16-20 (5-year Estimates), Table B19013.

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APPENDIX 2: CITY OF AVENAL

Figure 2: Local Median Income (ACS, 2017-2021) – TRACT
Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development. ACS 5yr estimates (2017-2021). Updated: March 202 ant
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15 Poverty Status

In 2021, Kings County, California, experienced varying levels of poverty across different regions. As seen in Figure 3, the City of Avenal consists of census tracts with poverty rates that reach up to 30% - 40% in the central areas while the borders of the county have poverty rates at around 10% - 20% with a small portion towards the northern end consisting of poverty rates around 20% - 30%.

According to the American Community Survey data from 2017 to 2021, 17.7% of persons in Kings County were in poverty. These statistics underscore the diverse economic landscape of Kings County, where certain areas exhibit significantly higher poverty rates, highlighting the need for targeted socioeconomic interventions.

Table 7: Total Households
in Poverty

City of
Avenal Percent Kings
County Percent California Percent
Income Below Poverty Level 565 23.7% 4,464 13.1% 806,599 9.0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS16-20 (5-year Estimates), Table B17019.

Table 8: Percent of Households in Poverty Over
Time

2010 2015 2020
Income in the Past 12 Months Below Poverty Level 1,215 596 565 Total Households 2,953 1,888 2,380
Percent of Households in Poverty 41.1% 31.6% 23.7%
Percent Change -36.1% 26.1%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS16-20 (5-year Estimates), Table B17019.

Extremely Low-Income Households

In 2006, state law was amended (Assembly Bill 2634) to add the extremely low-income (ELI) category (up to 30% AMI) to the required analysis of household characteristics and housing growth needs. Due to their limited incomes, these households have the greatest difficulty finding suitable housing at an affordable price.

As Table 9 below shows, the City of Avenal consists of about 7.9% of extremely low-income category owners and 34% percent of extremely low-income category renters, significantly higher than the County average.

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Figure 3: Poverty Status (ACS, 2017-2021) – TRACT

Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development. American Community Survey (ACS), 2017-2021. ant
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Cities in Kings County
c::::::::J Avenal
c::::::::J Corcoran
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% of Populatioo whose income in the past 12 months is below ~overly level < 10%
10% - 20%
- 20% - 30%
- 30% - 40%
- >40%

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Table 9: Extremely Low Income Households Overpaying by Tenure (City)

Owner
Occupied Percent Renter
Occupied Percent Total Percent
Cost Burden > 30% 70 82.4% 340 81.9% 410 82.0%
Cost Burden >50% 35 41.2% 280 67.5% 315 63.0%
Total Extremely Low Income
Households 85 415 500
Source: US Housing and Urban Development, CHAS 2014-18 (5-Year Estimates)

Familial Status
A household refers to the people occupying a home, such as a family, a single person, or unrelated persons living together. Families often prefer single-family homes or condominiums to accommodate children, while single people generally occupy smaller apartments or condominiums. Single-person households often include seniors or young adults.

Table 10 displays household composition by community as reported by the Census ACS 2016-2020. Avenal has 2,752 households, whereas Kings County has 43,604 households. Family households are prevalent in both areas, forming 86.5% of households in Avenal and 78.30% in Kings County.

A little over half of family households have children under 18 years. Married or cohabiting couples are a significant portion of households in both regions, though slightly more predominant in Kings County. In Avenal, 39.6% of these couples have children under 18, higher than that in Kings County. Proportion of single male householders (15.5%) are less than single female householders (22.2%). Nonfamily households, which include singles and unrelated individuals living together, constitute 13.5% compared to 21.7% in the County.

Overall, the average household size in Avenal is 3.74, higher than the County average of 3.14. These figures provide insight into the varied household compositions in Avenal, highlighting differences in family size, marital status, and the presence of children compared to the broader Kings County area.

As depicted in Table 12, larger households with 5 or more persons in Avenal is 33%, compared to 19.1% in the County and 13.7% in California.

As seen in Table 11, family households in Avenal consist of 86.5%, while non-family households are around

13.5%. Among family households, 40.2% own their homes, while 46.3% are renters. Among nonfamily households 7.2% own their homes, while 6.3% are renters. Among f emale householders with no husband present, only 6.1% own a house, while 11.2% rent a house , which is more or less similar to the data for the County.

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Table 10: Household Characteristics

Age Group Avenal Kings County
Total Households 2,752 43,604
Family Households 86.5% 78.30%
With own children under 18 years 55.0% 41.30%
Married/Cohabiting Couples 62.4% 61.20%
With own children under 18 years 39.6% 32.20%
Male Householder, no spouse/partner present 15.5% 16.20% With own children under 18 years 2.4% 2.40%
Living Alone 6.4% 8.30%
Age 65+ 1.4% 2.50%
Female Householder, no spouse/partner present 22.2% 22.60% With own children under 18 years 13.0% 6.80%
Living Alone 5.6% 8.80%
Age 65+ 3.4% 4.70%
Nonfamily Households 13.5% 21.70%
Average Household Size 3.74 3.14
Source: Census ACS 2016-2020, Tables DP-2, B11012, and S1101

Table 11: Household type by tenure

Household Type
Avenal Kings County
HH % HH %
Total Households 2,752

43,604

Family households: 2,380 86.5% 34,155 78.30%
Owner 1,107 40.2% 18,997 43.60%
Renter 1,273 46.3% 15,158 34.80%
Married-couple family: 1,604 58.3% 23,236 53.30%
Owner 844 30.7% 14,704 33.70%
Renter 760 27.6% 8,532 19.60%
Male householder no wife present: 299 10.9% 3,653 8.40% Owner 94 3.4% 1,499 3.40%
Renter 205 7.4% 2,154 4.90%
Female householder no husband present: 477 17.3% 7,266 16.70% Owner 169 6.1% 2,794 6.40%
Renter 308 11.2% 4,472 10.30%
Nonfamily households: 372 13.5% 9,449 21.70%
Owner 199 7.2% 4,371 10.00%
Renter 173 6.3% 5,078 11.60%
Source: Census ACS 2016-2020, Table B25007

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Table 12: Households by Size

City of
Avenal Percent Kings County Percent California Percent
Total: 2,752 43,604 13,103,114
Family Households: 2,380 86.5% 34,155 78.3% 8,986,666 68.6% 2-Person Household 346 12.6% 9,940 22.8% 3,209,170 24.5% 3-Person Household 694 25.2% 7,998 18.3% 2,054,635 15.7% 4-Person Household 431 15.7% 7,984 18.3% 1,945,127 14.8% 5-Person Household 567 20.6% 4,886 11.2% 1,006,126 7.7% 6-Person Household 226 8.2% 2,216 5.1% 433,324 3.3%
7-Or-More Person Household 116 4.2% 1,131 2.6% 338,284 2.6% Nonfamily Households: 372 13.5% 9,449 21.7% 4,116,448 31.4% 1-Person Household 328 11.9% 7,439 17.1% 3,114,819 23.8% 2-Person Household 20 0.7% 1,652 3.8% 774,224 5.9%
3-Person Household 24 0.9% 242 0.6% 135,683 1.0%
4-Person Household 0 0.0% 34 0.1% 59,938 0.5%
5-Person Household 0 0.0% 82 0.2% 19,730 0.2%
6-Person Household 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 6,805 0.1%
7-Or-More Person Household 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 5,249 0.0%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS16-20 (5-year Estimates), Table B11016

Table 13: Tenure by Household
Size Percent

City of
Avenal
City of
Avenal
Kings
County
Kings
County California California
Total Occupied Housing Units 2,752 43,604 13,103,114
Total Large Households (5 or More
Persons) 909 33.0% 8,315 19.1% 1,809,518 13.7%
5-Person Household 567 20.6% 4,968 11.4% 1,025,856 7.8% 6-Person Household 226 8.2% 2,216 5.1% 440,129 3.3%
7-or-More Person Household 116 4.2% 1,131 2.6% 343,533 2.6% Owner-Occupied 1,306 47.5% 23,368 53.6% 7,241,318 55.3% 1-Person Household 155 5.6% 3,694 8.5% 1,416,913 10.8%
2-Person Household 237 8.6% 7,071 16.2% 2,403,865 18.3% 3-Person Household 239 8.7% 4,338 9.9% 1,235,833 9.4%
4-Person Household 201 7.3% 4,161 9.5% 1,182,987 9.0%
5-Person Household 276 10.0% 2,443 5.6% 567,528 4.3%
6-Person Household 101 3.7% 1,113 2.6% 238,866 1.8%
7-or-More Person Household 97 3.5% 548 1.3% 195,326 1.5% Renter-Occupied 1,446 52.5% 20,236 46.4% 5,861,796 44.7% 1-Person Household 173 6.3% 3,745 8.6% 1,697,906 13.0%
2-Person Household 129 4.7% 4,521 10.4% 1,579,529 12.1% 3-Person Household 479 17.4% 3,902 8.9% 954,485 7.3%
4-Person Household 230 8.4% 3,857 8.8% 822,078 6.3%
5-Person Household 291 10.6% 2,525 5.8% 458,328 3.5%

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6-Person Household 125 4.5% 1,103 2.5% 201,263 1.5%
7-or-More Person Household 19 0.7% 583 1.3% 148,207 1.1% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 16-20 (5-year Estimates), Table B25009

Female Headed Households

Female householder households without a spouse or partner are also less common in unincorporated. These households often face challenges, particularly in terms of resource access and opportunities, especially for children in single- parent, female-headed households. In Table 11, it's seen that almost all of the City of Avenal consists of 17.3 % of households with children that are headed by a female single parent . The distribution of single -parent, female-headed households correlate with TCAC/HCD opportunity areas designations, indicating that areas with lower resources and higher segregation and poverty have higher rates of such households.

Notably, across all jurisdictions, the data reveals that a higher percentage of female-headed households are renters rather than homeowners. This trend is indicative of the economic challenges and housing affordability issues faced by these households. Avenal has a total of 2,752 households, significantly fewer than Kings County's 43,604. In Avenal, a notably high 86.5% of these households are family households, which is greater than Kings County's 78.3% . This breakdown of household types and tenures, including the specific focus on female -headed households, provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse household compositions and housing situations in these regions, highlighting the need for tailored policy interventions and support services.

Table 14: Female-Headed Households

City of
Avenal
City of
Avenal
Kings
County
Kings
County California California
Female Householder, No Spouse Or Partner
Present

610

9,847

3,430,426
Living Alone

153 25.1%

3,825 38.8%

1,722,600 50.2%
With Own Children Under 18 Years

357 58.5%

2,963 30.1%

615,734 17.9%
With Relatives, No Own Children Under 18 Years

80 13.1%

2,812 28.6%

858,959 25.0%
With Only Nonrelatives Present

20 3.3%

247 2.5%

233,133 6.8%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS16-20 (5-year Estimates), Table B11012

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Figure 4: Single-Parent Female-Headed Households with Children

Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development (HUD), ACS, 2017-2021. Updated: March 2023.

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Seniors

Seniors, defined as 65 years or older, compromise 23.1% of the population. In comparison, that proportion is

21.9% Kings County and 19.4% in California. Typically, senior households have special housing needs primarily due to three concerns – physical disabilities or limitations, limited income, and higher medical costs.

In the last decade, there has not been much of a shift in rates of ownership and renting among seniors in Kings County and California. However, there is a dramatic shift in Avenal’s seniors owning their household. In 2010, 63.2% of seniors owned their household. In 2020, 93.1% of Avenal’s seniors own their home which is much higher than the general proportion of owners in Avenal, 45.4%.

The median household income in Avenal is $49,781. Around 42.8% of seniors make more than the median income which influences housing choice and ownership.

It is important to note that disabilities are most common among senior citizens. Approximately 62.6% of the population that has one or more types of disability in Avenal are seniors. It is interesting to note that in California the proportion is much lower, 40.8%. See further discussion about housing needs for people with disabilities below, in the Disability Rates and Services section.

Table 15: Population by Age Groups (Total)
City of Avenal City of Avenal Kings County Kings
County California California
Total: 13,033 151,090 39,346,023
Under 5 Years 1,105 8.5% 11,461 7.6% 2,409,082 6.1%
5 to 17 Years 2,905 6.9% 10,646 7.0% 2,431,647 6.2%
18 to 24 Years 1,187 11.2% 12,534 8.3% 2,597,443 6.6%
25 to 34 Years 2,599 4.2% 6,282 4.2% 1,518,469 3.9%
35 to 44 Years 2,059 3.6% 4,049 2.7% 1,029,603 2.6%
45 to 54 Years 1,419 0.8% 2,572 1.7% 545,047 1.4%
55 to 64 Years 1,114 1.5% 2,456 1.6% 540,872 1.4%
65 to 74 Years 416 3.2% 7,544 5.0% 1,608,717 4.1%
75 to 84 Years 229 10.9% 13,278 8.8% 3,084,036 7.9%
85 Years And Over 0 9.0% 12,210 8.1% 2,923,877 7.4%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS16-20 (5-year Estimates), Table B01001.

Table 16: Senior Households by Tenure Over Time

Renter-
Occupied
Owner
Occupied
Renter-
Occupied
Owner
Occupied
Renter-
Occupied
Owner
Occupied
2010 2010 2015 2015 2020 2020
City of Avenal 156.00 268.00 118.00 227 26 350
City of Avenal 36.8% 63.2% 34.2% 65.8% 6.9% 93.1%
Kings County 1,654.00 5,193.00 1,815.00 5,586 2,258 6,917 Kings County 24.2% 75.8% 24.5% 75.5% 24.6% 75.4%
California 605,590.00 1,764,836.00 737,696.00 2,005,660 858,161 2,340,689 California 25.5% 74.5% 26.9% 73.1% 26.8% 73.2%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 06-10, 11-15, 16-20 (5-year Estimates), Table B25007

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Senior (65 Years and Older) Households by Household Income (2020)

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS16-20 (5-year Estimates), Table B19037

Disability Rates and Services
Due to the multitude of possible functional limitations that may present as disabilities, and in the absence of information on external factors that influence disability, surveys like the Census Bureau’s ACS are limited to capturing difficulty with only selected activities. As such, people identified by the ACS as having a disability are, in fact, those who exhibit difficulty with specific functions and may, in the absence of accommodation, have a disability. To capture a variety of characteristics that enc ompass the definition of disability, the ACS identifies serious difficulty with four basic areas of functioning – hearing, vision, cognition, and ambulation.
2 As presented in Table 17, the largest number of Kings County residents with disabilities was in the 18 to 64 years age group or the working age population with 8,357 individuals, which represented 11% of the total age group. However, disabilities were most common among senior citizens (65 years and over) .

Approximately 40.8% of total seniors in Kings County reported one or more types of disability. At the local level, in the City of Avenal, the proportion of seniors reporting some type of physical disability is high at 62.6% . The most common type of disability among seniors was having ambulatory difficulty.

Developmental Disabilities as defined by federal law; “developmental disability” means a severe, chronic

2 Source: American Community Survey 2013 Subject Definitions. Beginning in 2008, questions on disability represent a conceptual and empirical break from earlier years of the ACS. Hence, the Census Bureau does not recommend any comparisons of disability data to 2007 and earlier ACS disability data, or to disability estimates from the 2000 Census.)

1.9%

19.7%

0.0% 0.0%

4.5%

15.7%

0.0%

15.4%

0.0% 0.0%

23.1%

13.8%

5.9%

0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%
Percent of T otal Senior Households
■

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disability of an individual that:
• Is attributable to a mental or physical impairment or combination of mental and physical impairments. • Is manifested before the individual attains age 18.
• Is likely to continue indefinitely.
• Results in substantial functional limitations in three or more of the following areas of major life activity:
a) self-care; b) receptive and expressive language; c) learning; d) mobility; e) self-direction; f) capacity for independent living; or g) economic self-sufficiency. • Reflects the individual’s need for a combination and sequence of special, interdisciplinary, or generic services, individualized supports or other forms of assistance that are of lifelong or extended duration and are individually planned and coordinated.

Table 17: Percentage of Persons with Disability Type by Age Disability Type by Age
Avenal Kings County
Persons % Persons %
Population under 18 years w/disability 61 1.5% 1,498 3.70% With a hearing difficulty 0 0.0% 193 0.50%
With a vision difficulty 0 0.0% 480 1.20%
With a cognitive difficulty 61 1.5% 890 2.20%
With an ambulatory difficulty 0 0.0% 127 0.30%
With a self-care difficulty 0 0.0% 219 0.50%
Population 18 to 64 years w/disability 419 7.4% 8,357 10.70% With a hearing difficulty 142 2.5% 1,632 2.10%
With a vision difficulty 84 1.5% 1,354 1.70%
With a cognitive difficulty 22 0.4% 3,009 3.80%
With an ambulatory difficulty 171 3.0% 4,087 5.20%
With a self-care difficulty 0 0.0% 1,424 1.80%
With an independent living difficulty 22 0.4% 3,094 4.00% Population 65 years and over w/disability 392 62.6% 6,179 40.80% With a hearing difficulty 94 15.0% 2,657 17.60%
With a vision difficulty 115 18.4% 1,265 8.40%
With a cognitive difficulty 86 13.7% 1,458 9.60%
With an ambulatory difficulty 278 44.4% 3,807 25.10%

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With a self-care difficulty 51 8.1% 1,500 9.90%
With an independent living difficulty 109 17.4% 2,659 17.60%

Note: Numbers represent people, not disabilities. Persons may report more than one type of disability Source: Census ACS 2016-2020, Table S1810 and C18108

The State Department of Developmental Services (DDS) currently provides community -based services to approximately 243,000 persons with developmental disabilities and their families through a statewide system of 21 regional centers, four developmental centers, and two community-based facilities. Kings County is served by the Central Valley Regional Center (CVRC) which is based in Fresno. During 2014, CVRC served approximately 16,200 clients, of which about 900 to 1,000 lived in Kings County. CVRC provides diagnosis, evaluation, and case management services. The Kings County Rehabilitation Center in Hanford also offers rehabilitation, vocational and life training, and ope rates four group homes for mentally and physically handicapped individuals. State and federal law mandate minimum accessibility standards for housing. For example, local governments that use federal housing funds must meet federal accessibility guidelines for new construction and substantial rehabilitation. At least 5% of the units must be accessible to persons with mobility impairments, and an additional 2% must be accessible to persons with sensory impairments. New multi-family housing must be built so that:
1) the public and common use portions of such units are readily accessible to and usable by disabled persons.
2) the doors allowing passage into and within such units can accommodate wheelchairs; and 3) all units contain adaptive design features.

In addition, state law requires all jurisdictions to provide reasonable accommodation in the application of housing policies and regulations.

The City’s Program 1.15 Housing for Persons with Disabilities continues to facilitate reasonable accommodation in housing for persons with disabilities and expedite developmental applications like residential care facilities.

Table 18: DDS Data on People with Developmental Disabilities - Age

City of Avenal Kings County State
00-17 yrs 79 758 192,384
18+ yrs 29 485 185,353
Total Population 108 1,243 377,737
Source: DDS Quarterly Consumer Report, December 2021

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Figure 5: Population with a Disability

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D) Racially or Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty

To better understand fair housing, HUD uses the designation Racially/Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (R/ECAP) which requires:
• a non-white population of 50 percent or more in a metropolitan or micropolitan area, or a non-white population of 20 percent or more outside of these areas. • extreme poverty, defined as census tracts with either 40 percent or more of individuals living at or below the poverty line or with a poverty rate of three or more times the average tract poverty rate for the metropolitan/micropolitan area, whichever threshold is lower.

Of the 4 census tracts in the City of Avenal, all the census tracts are identified as R/ECAP apart from census tract 9818.

HCD has a designation called Racial Concentration of Areas of Affluence (RCAA) which is also based on two factors:
• A location quotient based on the percentage of white, non- Hispanic or Latino population in the census tract compared to the average percentage of total white population for the COG region. • If the median income for the census tract is greater than 1.5 times the COG median income or State median income, whichever is lower.

In Figure 6, it is noted that there are no Racially Concentrated Areas of Affluence (RCAAs) identified in the City of Avenal. Typically, RCAAs are found in areas that align with the highest -resource zones as determined by the Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC) an d Housing and Community Development (HCD), or in relatively higher-income parts of unincorporated counties.

As seen on the Median Household Income by Race or Hispanic Origin table, there is a lack of data but there is some available. Avenal’s median income is $49,781. The White Alone Non-Hispanic demographic earns $68,052 while the Hispanic or Latino of Any Race earns $48,783, approximately $20,000 less.

The City of Avenal has programs to help ensure fair housing opportunities like Program 1.8 First Time Homebuyer Program which provides home ownership opportunities to new low-income homebuyers. It provides up to $130,000 in a deferred silent second loan to subsidize mortgage payments and closing costs.

Program 1.9 Section 8 Rental Assistance extends rental subsidies to extremely-low- and very-low-income households equal to the difference between 30% of the monthly income and the allowable rent determined by the program.

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Figure 6: Local RCAAs

Source: American Community Survey (ACS), 2015-2019. Updated: March,2021

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E) Disparities in Access to Opportunity
The Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC) and California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) have developed annual maps of access to resources, such as high -paying job opportunities; proficient schools; safe and clean neighborhoods; and other healthy economic, social, and environmental indicators in 2017.

It uses economic and education indicators that include the following:
• Percentage of population with income above 200% of federal poverty line • Percentage of adults with a bachelor’s degree or above, • Percentage of adults aged 20-64 who are employed in the civilian labor force or in the armed forces • Value of owner-occupied units
• Percentage of 4th graders who meet or exceed math proficiency standards • Percentage of 4th graders who meet or exceed literacy standards • Percentage of high school cohort that graduated on time • Percentage of students not receiving free or reduced-price lunch The TCAC/HCD Opportunity Maps help to identify areas within the community that provide stronger access to economic, environmental, or educational opportunities for residents or, conversely, provide more limited access to opportunities. The information from this mapping can help to highlight the need for housing element policies and programs that would help to remediate conditions in low-resource areas and areas of high segregation and poverty and to encourage better access for lower-income households and communities of color to housing in high-resource areas.

Areas designated as “highest resource” are the top 20.0 percent highest-scoring census tracts in the region.

It is expected that residents in these census tracts have access to the best outcomes in terms of health, economic opportunities, and education att ainment. Census tracts designated “high resource” score in the 21st to 40th percentile compared to the region. Residents of these census tracts have access to highly positive outcomes for health, economic, and education attainment. “Moderate resource” areas are in the top

30.0 percent of the remaining census tracts in the region and those designated as “moderate resource (rapidly changing)” have experienced rapid increases in key indicators of opportunity, such as increasing median income, home values, and an increase in job opportunities. Residents in these census tracts have access to either somewhat positive outcomes in terms of health, economic attainment, and education, or positive outcomes in a certain area (e.g., score high for health, education) but not all areas (e.g., may score poorly for economic attainment). Low -resource areas are those that score in the bottom 30.0 percent of census tracts and indicate a lack of access to positive outcomes and poor access to opportunities. The final designation are those areas identified as having “high segregation and poverty;” these are census tracts that have an overrepresentation of people of color compared to the county as a whole, and at least 30.0 percent of the population in these areas is below the federa l poverty line ($27,750 annually for a family of four in 2022).

As seen in Figure 7, Avenal in Kings County, with its predominant high segregation and poverty and some moderate-resource areas in the north is part of a broader regional challenge. The neighboring Fresno area is characterized as low resource, while other adjacent areas in Kings County bordering Avenal share similar issues of high segregation and poverty. This regional landscape underscores the necessity for a

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comprehensive and collaborative approach to socio-economic development.

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Figure 7: COG Geography TCAC/HCD Opportunity Areas, 2023

Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD); California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC), Updated Jan 2023.

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Transit Mobility
Transit mobility refers to an individual’s ability to navigate the community and region daily to access services, employment, schools, and other resources. Indicators of transit mobility include the extent of transit routes, proximity of transit stops to affordable housing, and frequency of transit. The County needs to plan for and address the mobility needs of the county’s growing population. Public transportation services are available to people with lower incomes, seniors, and persons with disabilities through the Kings Area Rural Transit (KART) system, overseen by the Kings County Area Public Transit Agency (KCAPTA) and through the City of Corcoran’ s transit system, Co rcoran Area Transit (CAT). Kings Area Regional Transit (KART) is Kings County’s public transportation provider. KART provides public transit service Monday through Friday and limited service on Saturdays. KART provides transportation services to the cities of Armona, Avenal, Corcoran, Grangeville, Hardwick, Hanford, Kettleman City, Laton, Lemoore, and Stratford. KART Paratransit (origin to destination) is available to eligible certified ADA passengers. In addition, KART provides regular transportation services to Fresno and Visalia Monday through Friday.

All KART bus routes begin and end at the KART Terminal located at 504 W. 7th Street Hanford, California, west of the AMTRAK station in Downtown Hanford.

AllTransit is a transit and connectivity analytic tool developed by the Center for Neighborhood Technology for the advancement of equitable communities and urban sustainability. The tool analyzes the transit frequency, routes, and access to determine an overall transit score at city, county, and regional levels. AllTransit scores geographic regions (e.g., cities, counties, Metropolitan Statistical Areas [MSAs]) on a scale of 0 to 10, with 10 being complete transit connectivity. Figure 8 depicts the city of Avenal’s AllTransit Performance score, including metrics representing average household transit access. Avenal’s overall score is 1.0, demonstrating “very low” connectivity. However, the AllTransit methodology, which determines scores according to an “average” household, may not fully represent transit availability in the unincorporated areas, as the estimate is an average of both incorporated and unincorporated areas.

As seen in Figure 9, high qualities transit stops in terms of facilities, accessibility and frequency of services are not present in the City of Avenal. Public transit usage for commuters is extremely low at 4.86%. This indicates a lack of reliance on or availability of robust public transit options in the area. The data suggests that most residents likely depend on other means of transportation for their daily commute and activities. This low usage of public transit in Avenal aligns with the general challenges faced in ensuring accessible and efficient public transportation in smaller cities and rural areas. It is also evident that the connectivity is focused on moving people within cities rather than between cities. Based on the information in the Kings County Transit Development Plan 2021 document, Kings County faces challenges in providing comprehensive transit services, especially in rural areas. The report identifies gaps in service and highlights the difficulty of connecting transit-dependent residents living in remote areas to services in larger communities.

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APPENDIX 1A: COUNTY OF KINGS

Figure 8: Kings County All Transit Performance Score

Source: AllTransit.cnt.org, 2022

Transit Service
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Overall transit score that looks at connectivity, access to jobs, and frequency of service. 1 <1 11-212-4 1 4-5 1 5-6 6-7 7-9 9+
AIITransit TM Performan ce Score

1.0 City: Avenal, CA
Very low comb inat ion of trips per week and
number of jobs accessible enabling negligible
number of people to take tra nsit to work
On Average Households have:
ity d■ Transit Trips per Wee k wit hin ½ Mile
fJ Transit Routes within ½ M ile
i:ijfj Jobs Accessible in 30-m inute t rip
11:M Commuters Who Use Transit
Show Transit Agencies (2)

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Figure 9: Kings County High quality transit stops and transit area (1/2 mile)

Source: Caltrans, 2022. U.S.; Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Updated 2022.

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Figure 10: Employment by Industry of Kings County Workforce

Source: Census ACS 2016-2020, Table DP03

Kings County supports a diversified economy as illustrated in Figure 10. This figure shows the proportion of jobs held by residents (civilian employed population 16 years and over) living in the County. Based on the Census ACS 2016- 2020 information, the education, health care, social assistance industry was the largest employer of Kings County residents, providing approximately 10,800 jobs, or 20% of workforce. As important as agriculture is to the County, the agriculture sector was the second largest employer of its residents, which employed 8,300 residents or 15% of the workforce. Kings County’s civilian labor force was estimated at 57,800, with an unemployment rate of 7.0 % (not seasonally adjusted). This compares to the statewide unemployment rate of 4.1%. However, compared to recent trends, Kings County’s unemployment rate has decreased significantly from the 2020 annual average unemployment rate of 12.0%. Historically, agriculture has played a key role in Kings County’s economy. Agriculturally oriented counties tend to have higher unemployment rates and greater seasonal variations in unemployment. Kings County is ranked 8 th among
California counties in agricultural production with an annual gross value of $2.2 billion. According to the Kings County 2022 Annual Agricultural Crop Report, milk remains the C ounty’s leading commodity, followed by pistachios (second) and cotton (third). With climate change and the long-term severe drought as well as the 2023 wet winter/spring, it is uncertain to what extent future water supplies will affect agriculture.

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Figure 11: High Quality transit stops and transit area (1/2 Mile) & Jobs within 45-min Transit Commute.

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37 Farmworkers

Kings County is one of the state’s major agricultural areas, ranking 8th among California counties in total agricultural production. According to the Kings County Agricultural Commissioner, 84% of the total land area in the County is devoted to farmland. Table 8 shows the County’s top three leading agricultural products in 2022 were milk ($999 million), pistachios ($228 million), and cotton ($192 million).

Recent Census data in Table 20 shows that 15% of employed Kings County civilian residents (16 years and over) worked in agriculture and related industries. Of the four cities, the highest percentage of civilian workers in agricultural related jobs was Avenal, where 45% of its workers were in this industry. This was followed by Corcoran workers at 30%.

Table 19 presents the number of farms and hired farm workers in Kings County. According to the 2017 U.S.

Department of Agriculture (USDA) Census estimates, there were 507 farms and a total of almost 7,000 hired farm workers countywide. The largest number of workers (5,820) were employed at farms with 10 or more employees or 83% of the countywide total number of hired workers. Also, there were more permanent hired workers (worked more than 150 days) than seasonal workers (worked less than 150 days) for bo th farm operations with less than 10 employees and with more than 10 employees.

Table 19: Leading Agricultural Crops, Kings County
Crop Rank Value
Milk 1 $999,866,000
Pistachios 2 $228,785,000
Cotton 3 $192,811,000
Tomatoes, Processed 4 $177,492,000
Cattle & Calves 5 $151,274,000
Almonds, Total 6 $132,323,000
Corn, Silage 7 $123,941,000
Alfalfa, Hay 8 $67,540,000
Wheat, Silage 9 $60,112,000
Plums 10 $55,245,000
Source: Kings County, Dept. of Agriculture, 2022 Crop Report, September 2023

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Table 20: Agricultural Employment by Jurisdiction
Source: Census ACS 2016-2020, Table DP-3

Agricultural workers, and especially f armworkers, have special housing needs due to their relatively low wages. According to an article in Rural Migration News , the average hourly wage for all California farmworkers in the years 2015- 2019 was approximately $12. 3. This is equivalent to approximately $25,000/year for full -time work. As a result, farmworkers often overpay for housing (in relation to their income) and/or live in overcrowded and substandard living situations.

In communities with large farmworker populations, farmworker housing needs are met through

3 https://migration.ucdavis.edu/rmn/blog/post/?id=2805
Jurisdiction of Civilian Employed
Pop. (16 and over) Number of Agricultural Workers % of Total Workers Avenal 1,617 45%
Corcoran 1,275 30%
Hanford 2,213 9%
Lemoore 692 6%
Unincorporated 2,474 22%
Kings County 8,271 15%
I I

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homeownership assistance and rehabilitation loans.

Table 21: Hired Farm Labor-Workers, Kings County
Farmworkers No. of Farms No. of Hired Workers
Percent of Total County
Hired Workers
Total Hired Farm Labor 507 6,998
Farm operations with less than 10 employees 351 1,178 17% Permanent (> 150 days) 275 1,034 15%
Seasonal (< 150 days) 246 677 10%
Farm operations with 10 or more employees 156 5,820 83% Permanent (> 150 days) 96 3,046 44%
Seasonal (< 150 days) 49 2,241 32%
Source: USDA, 2017 Census of Agriculture

Avenal’s Program 1.14 Farmworker and Employee Housing has various objectives including an inventory of suitable sites for farmworker housing with the update of the Land Use Element, assisting interested developers with supporting funding applications for affordable housing, and more.

Jobs-Housing Balance and Commute Patterns

Table 23 in the city of Avenal 20.8% workforce aged 16 years and older who do not work at home travel less than 15 minutes to work and another 32% of workers travel 15-30 minutes to work. The average time to work for countywide workers was 36 minutes which is relatively higher than by 10 minutes than the other cities.

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Table 22: Travel Time to Work
Note: Workers included those 16 years and over who did not work from home. ; Source: Census ACS 2016-2020 Table S0801
Table 23: Work Locations of City/County Resident Workers Note: Workers included those 16 years and over who did not work from home. ; Source: Census ACS 2016-2020 Table S0801

Educational Opportunities

The Kings County Board of Education establishes the mission and primary objectives for the Kings County Superintendent of Schools and ensures that activities and programs remain focused on the goals identified within the California Department of Education educational rules and regulations. The Kings County Board of Education establishes the mission and primary objectives for the Kings County Superintendent of Schools and ensures that activities and programs remain focused on the goals identified within the California Department of Education educational rules and regulations. According to the Kings County office of education as of Oct 2021 there are a total of 19,429 students enrolled in elementary schools and about 8,179 students in high schools across the county as per data submitted by the districts. Figure 12 below shows some of the school districts in Kings County.

Travel Time to Work Avenal Kings County
Less than 15 minutes 20.8% 36.80%
15-30 minutes 19.7% 32.00%
30 to 59 minutes 35.8% 25.10%
60 or more minutes 23.6% 6.10%
Average Travel Time 36 min. 23 min.

Travel Time to Work Avenal Kings County
Number of Resident Workers
(Age 16 and over) 3,423 56,560
Work in Same City/County) 18.6% 75.6%
Work Outside of City/County 81.4% 24.1%
Total 100% 100%

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Figure 12: School districts in Kings County

Source: Kings County, Cal EM
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42 Environmental Health
The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) reports CalEnviroScreen 4.0 scores for the unincorporated county, suggesting relatively adverse environmental conditions throughout the county. (see Figure 13). According to OEHHA, except for some of the smaller tracts in the center of the cities of Hanford, Lemoore, and Corcoran the rest of the areas have scores above the 90th percentile. The environmental conditions in Kings County likely due to the dominance of commercial agricultural practices and natural resource extraction, both of which are known to have negative impacts on the surrounding areas resulting from air pollution and other contaminants.

The primary indicators leading to the high environmental scores as reported by OEHHA’s CalEnviroScreen vary across the county, but include ozone, particulate matter (PM) 2.5, diesel PM, pesticides, toxic releases, drinking water contaminants, chemical cleanup, lead in housing, groundwater threats, hazardous waste, impaired water, and solid waste. Ozone, diesel particulate, and PM2.5, forms of pollution generated by car traffic and industrial uses, score higher throughout the county. In the unincorporated county, pesticide use, groundwater threats, and solid waste facilities are more prevalent than in urbanized areas, reflecting the presence of agricultural industries and chemical and waste storage outside of urban areas. Nearly all of Kings County is Senate Bill (SB) 535-qualifying disadvantaged communities excluding areas around Lemoore, north of Hanford and some tracts in Corcoran. This indicates that the unincorporated county represents an area of potential concern regarding fair housing and disproportionate exposure to environmental hazards and a concentration of vulnerable populations.

In figure 13 the high CalEnviroScreen scores of 75 -100% across most of Avenal and its neighboring zones indicate significant environmental and socio-economic challenges. These high scores typically reflect higher pollution burdens, greater exposure to environmental hazards, and vulnerabilitie s linked to socio -economic factors. In contrast, the northwestern region of Avenal, with scores between 50 and 75%, suggests relatively lower but still notable environmental and socio- economic concerns. This disparity within the city highlights the need fo r targeted interventions in areas with higher scores to address pollution and socio- economic vulnerabilities.

While there isn't clear flooding information specifically for Avenal, the neighboring areas exhibit a moderate fire hazard severity. Additionally, these surrounding regions show a scattered presence of areas with a 1% chance of flooding. This suggests a va ried environmental risk profile in areas adjacent to Avenal, encompassing both fire and minimal flood risks.

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Figure 13: CalEnviroScreen 4.0 & high-quality transit stops (Transit area ½ mile)

Source: Caltrans, 2022; OEHHA, 2021.

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Figure 14: Flood Hazard Zones

Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 2022; OEHHA, 2021; CalFire, updated 2023. l l'Ul:'l'ld
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45 APPENDIX 2: CITY OF AVENAL

F) Disproportionate Housing Needs

Housing Mobility
Housing tenure (owner vs. renter) influences several aspects of the local housing market. Residential mobility is influenced by tenure, with ownership housing evidencing a lower turnover rate than rental housing. The vacancy rate also indicates the match between the demand and supply of housing. Table 24 details housing tenure and vacancies in Kings County and incorporated communities according to the Census ACS 2016- 2020 estimates. Vacancy rates of 5% to 6% for rental housing and 1.5% to 2.0% for ownership housing are generally considered to be optimum. A higher vacancy rate may indicate an excess supply of units, a softer market, and result in lower housing prices. A lower vacancy rate may indicate a shortage of housing and high competition for available housing, which generally leads to higher housing prices and diminished affordability.

Table 24: Household Tenure and Vacancy Rates
Housing Type
Avenal Kings County
Units % Units %
Occupied housing units 2,752 95.6% 43,604 94.20%
Owner-occupied housing units 1,306 45.4% 23,368 50.50% Avg. HH size of owner-occupied units 3.81 3.12
Renter-occupied housing units 1,446 50.2% 20,236 43.70% Avg. HH size of renter-occupied units 3.69 3.17
Vacant housing units 126 4.4% 2,663 5.80%
For rent 77 2.7% 446 1.00%
Rented, not occupied - 0.0% 140 0.30%
For sale only 21 0.7% 426 0.90%
Sold, not occupied - 0.0% 194 0.40%
For seasonal or occasional use 0.0% 54 0.10%
All other vacant 28 1.0% 1,403 3.00%
Homeowner vacancy rate 1.6% 1.80%
Rental vacancy rate 5.1% 2.10%
Total housing units 2,878 100.0% 46,267 100.00%
Source: Census, ACS 2016-2020, Tables DP04 and B25004

The housing tenure and vacancy data for Avenal and Kings County, based on the Census ACS 2016- 2020, reflect distinct housing patterns. Avenal has a high rate of occupied housing units at 95.6%, slightly higher than Kings County's 94.2%. In Avenal, the split between owner -occupied (45.4%) and renter -occupied (50.2%) units is even, wi th a notable average household size that is larger in owner -occupied units. The vacancy rate in Avenal stands at 4.4%, with a higher proportion of units for rent compared to Kings County.

The rental vacancy rate in Avenal is significantly higher than in Ki ngs County, indicating a possible surplus of available rental properties or challenges in the rental market.

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Hanford City CouncilSeptember 17, 2024

Hanford City Council
September 17, 2024