Tuesday, March 28, 2023
7:00 PM
CITY OF HAYWARD
Hayward City Hall
777 B Street
Hayward, CA 94541
www.Hayward-CA.gov
Council Chamber and Virtual Platform (Zoom)
City Council
Agenda
March 28, 2023City Council Agenda
CITY COUNCIL MEETING
NOTICE: The City Council will hold a hybrid meeting in Council Chambers and virtually via Zoom.
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
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March 28, 2023City Council Agenda
CALL TO ORDER: Mayor Salinas
Pledge of Allegiance: Council Member Syrop
AB 2449 TELECONFERENCE NOTIFICATIONS AND CONSIDERATION
ROLL CALL
PRESENTATION
2023 Women’s History Month Proclamation
PUBLIC COMMENTS
The Public Comment section provides an opportunity to address the City Council on items not listed on the agenda or Information Items. The Council welcomes comments and requests that speakers present their remarks in a respectful manner, within established time limits, and focus on issues which directly affect the City or are within the jurisdiction of the City. As the Council is prohibited by State law from discussing items not listed on the agenda, items will be taken under consideration and may be referred to staff.
CITY MANAGER’S COMMENTS
An oral report from the City Manager on upcoming activities, events, or other items of general interest to Council and the Public.
ACTION ITEMS
The Council will permit comment as each item is called for the Consent Calendar, Public Hearings, and Legislative Business. In the case of the Consent Calendar, a specific item will need to be pulled by a Council Member in order for the Council to discuss the item or to permit public comment on the item. Please notify the City Clerk any time before the Consent Calendar is voted on by Council if you wish to speak on a Consent Item.
CONSENT
Adopt an Ordinance Amending Chapter 10, Article 1, Section 10-1.2750 (Alcoholic Beverage Outlets) of the Hayward
Municipal Code to Update the Regulations Governing Alcoholic Beverage Outlets Throughout the City (Continued from March 21, 2023)
CONS 23-1501.
Attachments: Attachment I Staff Report
Attachment II Summary of Ordinance Published
Attachment III City Attorney Memo
March 28, 2023City Council Agenda
Adopt a Resolution Approving Participation in the National Opioid Settlement with Teva, Allergan, CVS, Walmart and Walgreens, Accepting the Terms of the California Allocation Agreement, and Authorizing the City Manager to Execute and Submit all Necessary Settlement Participation Documents on Behalf of the City of Hayward
CONS 23-1562.
Attachments: Attachment I Staff Report
Attachment II Resolution
Adopt a Resolution Accepting the Resignation of Mr. Jason Yeates from the Keep Hayward Clean and Green Task Force, Effective Immediately
CONS 23-1683.
Attachments: Attachment I Staff Report
Attachment II Resolution
Attachment III Resignation Letter
Adopt a Resolution Accepting the Resignation of Mr. Stanley Long from the Community Services Commission, Effective
Immediately
CONS 23-1694.
Attachments: Attachment I Staff Report
Attachment II Resolution
Attachment III Resignation Letter
Adopt a Resolution Authorizing the City Manager to Negotiate and Execute an Agreement with Centro Legal de la Raza in an Amount Not-to-Exceed $500,000 to Administer a Multi-Agency Legal Assistance and Anti-Displacement Program
CONS 23-1765.
Attachments: Attachment I Staff Report
Attachment II Resolution
Adopt a Resolution Updating the Hayward Local Resilience Plan, Formerly Known as the Hayward Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, and Finding that the Action is Exempt from CEQA Review CONS 23-1816.
Attachments: Attachment I Staff Report
Attachment II Resolution
Attachment III Local Resilience Plan
March 28, 2023City Council Agenda
PUBLIC HEARING
Fiscal Year 2024 Master Fee Schedule: Adopt a Resolution Amending the Fiscal Year 2024 Master Fee Schedule to Update the Fees Associated with Administration of the Residential Rent Stabilization and Tenant Protection Ordinance, and Finding that the Action is Exempt from CEQA Review (Report from Assistant City Manager Claussen)
PH 23-0157.
Attachments: Attachment I Staff Report
Attachment II Resolution
Attachment III Benchmarking Research
Hayward Municipal Code: Introduce an Ordinance Amending Chapter 10, Article 17 of the Hayward Municipal Code Updating the Affordable Housing Ordinance; and Adopt Resolutions Amending Resolution No 17-167 to Increase the Affordable Housing In-lieu Fees for Lower Density Ownership Housing and Amending the FY 2024 Master Fee Schedule and Finding the Action is Exempt from CEQA Review (Report from Assistant City Manager Dustin Claussen)
PH 23-0168.
Attachments: Attachment I Staff Report
Attachment II Resolution CEQA Exemption
Attachment III Proposed Affordable Housing Ordinance
Attachment IV Resolution Modifying In-lieu Fees
Attachment V Resolution Amending FY 24 Master Fee Schedule Attachment VI Feasibility Study
LEGISLATIVE BUSINESS
General Plan Annual Progress Report: Accept the Hayward 2040 General Plan Annual Progress Report for Calendar Year 2022 (Report from Acting Director of Development Services Buizer)
LB 23-0129.
Attachments: Attachment I Staff Report
Attachment II General Plan Program List
Attachment III Housing Element Past Accomplishments
March 28, 2023City Council Agenda
COUNCIL REPORTS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS
Council Members can provide oral reports on attendance at intergovernmental agency meetings, conferences, seminars, or other Council events to comply with AB 1234 requirements (reimbursable expenses for official activities).
COUNCIL REFERRALS
Council Members may bring forward a Council Referral Memorandum (Memo) on any topic to be considered by the entire Council. The intent of this Council Referrals section of the agenda is to provide an orderly means through which an individual Council Member can raise an issue for discussion and possible direction by the Council to the appropriate Council Appointed Officers for action by the applicable City staff.
ADJOURNMENT
April 4, 2023 Council Meeting Canceled
NEXT SPECIAL MEETING, April 11, 2023, 7:00 PM
PUBLIC COMMENT RULES
Any member of the public desiring to address the Council shall limit their address to three (3) minutes unless less or further time has been granted by the Presiding Officer or in accordance with the section under Public Hearings. The Presiding Officer has the discretion to shorten or lengthen the maximum time members may speak. Speakers will be asked for their name before speaking and are expected to honor the allotted time.
PLEASE TAKE NOTICE
That if you file a lawsuit challenging any final decision on any public hearing or legislative business item listed in this agenda, the issues in the lawsuit may be limited to the issues that were raised at the City's public hearing or presented in writing to the City Clerk at or before the public hearing.
March 28, 2023City Council Agenda
PLEASE TAKE FURTHER NOTICE
That the City Council adopted Resolution No. 87-181 C.S., which imposes the 90-day deadline set forth in Code of Civil Procedure section 1094.6 for filing of any lawsuit challenging final action on an agenda item which is subject to Code of Civil Procedure section 1094.5. ***Materials related to an item on the agenda submitted to the Council after distribution of the agenda packet are available for public inspection in the City Clerk ’s Office, City Hall, 777 B Street, 4th Floor, Hayward, during normal business hours. An online version of this agenda and staff reports are available on the City ’s website. Written comments submitted to the Council in connection with agenda items will be posted on the City ’s website. All Council Meetings are broadcast simultaneously on the City website, Cable Channel 15 - KHRT, and YouTube. ***
Assistance will be provided to those requiring accommodations for disabilities in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Interested persons must request the accommodation at least 48 hours in advance of the meeting by contacting the City Clerk at (510) 583-4400 or [email protected].
Assistance will be provided to those requiring language assistance. To ensure that interpreters are available at the meeting, interested persons must request the accommodation at least 48 hours in advance of the meeting by contacting the City Clerk at (510) 583-4400.
CITY OF HAYWARD
Hayward City Hall
777 B Street
Hayward, CA 94541
www.Hayward-CA.gov
File #: CONS 23-150
DATE: March 28, 2023
Item continued from March 21, 2023
TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: City Clerk
SUBJECT
Adopt an Ordinance Amending Chapter 10, Article 1, Section 10-1.2750 (Alcoholic Beverage Outlets) of the Hayward Municipal Code to Update the Regulations Governing Alcoholic Beverage Outlets Throughout the City
RECOMMENDATION
That the Council adopts the Ordinance introduced on March 7, 2023.
SUMMARY
This item entails adoption of an Ordinance amending Article 1, Chapter 10 of the Hayward Municipal Code, introduced on March 7, 2023, by Council Member Zermeño.
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment I Staff Report
Attachment II Summary of Ordinance Published
Attachment III City Attorney Memo
CITY OF HAYWARD Printed on 3/24/2023Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™
DATE: March 21, 2023
TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: City Clerk
SUBJECT: Adopt an Ordinance Amending Chapter 10, Article 1, Section 10 -1.2750 (Alcoholic Beverage Outlets) of the Hayward Municipal Code to Update the Regulations Governing Alcoholic Beverage Outlets Throughout the City
RECOMMENDATION
That the Council adopts the Ordinance introduced on March 7, 2023.
SUMMARY
This item entails adoption of an Ordinance amending Chapter 10, Article 1, Section 10 -
1.2750 (Alcoholic Beverage Outlets) of the Hayward Municipal Code, introduced on March 7, 2023, by Council Member Zermeño.
BACKGROUND
The Ordinance was introduced by Council Member Zermeño at the March 7, 2023, meeting of the City Council with the following vote:
AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS: Andrews, Goldstein, Márquez, Roche, Syrop, Zermeño
MAYOR Salinas
NOES: NONE
ABSENT: NONE
ABSTAIN: NONE
STRATEGIC ROADMAP
This agenda item is a routine operational item and does not relate to one of the priorities outlined in the Council’s Strategic Roadmap.
FISCAL IMPACT
There is no fiscal impact associated with this report.
PUBLIC CONTACT
The summary of the Ordinance was published in the Daily Review c/o Bay Area News Group- East Bay on Friday, March 17, 2023. Adoption, at this time, is therefore appropriate.
NEXT STEPS
The Hayward Municipal Code and other related documents will be updated accordingly.
Prepared and Recommended by: Miriam Lens, City Clerk
Approved by:
_________________________________
Kelly McAdoo, City Manager
ATTACHMENT II
PUBLIC NOTICE OF AN INTRODUCTION OF AN ORDINANCE BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF HAYWARD
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING CHAPTER 10, ARTICLE 1 , SECTION 10 -1.2750 (ALCOHOLIC
BEVERAGE OUTLETS ) OF THE HAYWARD MUNICIPAL CODE TO UPDATE THE
REGULATIONS GOVERNING ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE OUTLETS THROUGHOUT THE CITY
NOW THEREFORE THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF HAYWARD DOES ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. Provisions. The City Council incorporates by referen ce the finding s contained in Resolution No. 23-054 approving the below Zoning Text Amendments to the Hayward Municipal Code.
Section 2 . Chapter 10, Article 1 , Section 10 -1.2750 (Alcoholic Beverage Outlets) of the Hayward Municipal Code is hereby amended.
SEC. 10-1.2751 DEFINITIONS.
SEC. 10-1.2752 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE SALES ESTABLISHMENTS.
SEC. 10-1.2769 DEEMED APPROVED PERFORMANCE STANDARDS.
Section 3. California Environmental Quality Act. The City Council independently finds and determines that the Zoning Text Amendments are exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) under the “common sense” exception set forth in CEQA Guidelines Section 15061(b)(3) in that it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that their adoption could have a significant effect on the environment.
Section 4. Severance. Should any part of this Ordinance be declared by a final decision by a court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction t o be unconstitutional, invalid, or beyond the authority of the City, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remainder of this Ordinance, which shall continue in full force and effect, provided that the remainder of the Ordinance, absent the unexcised portion, can be reasonably interpreted to give effect to the intentions of the City Council.
Section 5. Effective Date. In accordance with the provisions of Section 620 of the City Charter, the Ordinance shall become effective 30 days following adoption.
Introduced at a meeting of the City Council of the City of Hayward, held the 7th day of March, 2023, by Council Member Zermeño.
ATTACHMENT II
This Ordinance will be considered for adoption at the regular meeting of the Hayward City Council, to be held o n March 21, 2023, at 7:00 p.m. Please note the City Council will hold a hybrid meeting which will allow for participation in the Council Chamber and virtually via the Zoom platform. The full text of this Ordinance is available for examination by the public by contacting the City Clerk’s office at [email protected] or (510) 583-4400.
Dated: March 17, 2023
Miriam Lens, City Clerk
City of Hayward
TO: Mayor and Council
FROM: City Attorney
SUBJECT: Memorandum in Response to Media Report re: March 7, 2023 City Council Introduction of Ordinance and Accompanying Resolutions Updating Alcoholic Beverage Regulations
DATE: March 28, 2023
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this memorandum is to review the process by which the City Council on March 7, 2023, considered and acted on a staff recommendation to introduce an ordinance and accompanying resolutions updating the City's alcoholic beverage regulations. The staff recommendations were approved unanimously. Subsequent to the March 7 meeting, a media report characterized the Council’s actions as, a) violative of the Brown Act, b) unduly influenced by special interests, and c) inconsistent with the Council’s procedural rules.
These allegations are uninformed and unsupportable. We have reviewed the meeting carefully and in its entirety. To clarify the record and as explained hereinafter, the Council’s actions on March 7 were transparent, consistent with the Brown Act and the concepts of due process, and followed the procedural framework set out in the Council handbook.
BACKGROUND
On March 7, 2023, the Council conducted a noticed public hearing to consider a staff report with recommendations to introduce an ordinance and accompanying resolutions updating the City's alcoholic beverage regulations. The staff report can be found here (CITY OF HAYWARD - File #: PH 23-013 (legistar.com)). The staff report essentially recommended changing the ‘happy hour’ from 4 to 9 p.m., to 3 to 8 p.m., and reducing the ratio of food to alcohol gross receipts from 60/40 percent to 50/50 percent, the latter to align with regulations of the state's Alcoholic Beverages Control department. The staff report indicated the recommendations had been reviewed by the Council's Economic Development Committee and Planning Commission after extensive public outreach.
ANALYSIS
The public hearing was called to order at approximately 7:20 p.m. At 7:28 p.m., the Mayor and Council email account received an email from Jorge Espinosa who identified himself as the owner of a restaurant and member of the chamber of commerce (Attachment A). At Memorandum in Response to Media Report re: March 7, 2023 City Council Introduction of Ordinance of Accompanying Resolutions Updating Alcoholic Beverage Regulations
March 27, 2017
7:32 p.m., Espinosa sent the same email to the Mayor and Council account but from a different email address (Attachment B). The Mayor and Council email account includes all members of the Council and several staff members. All members of the Council have confirmed to the City Attorney that they received the emails at 7:28 p.m., or 7:32 p.m., which the City Clerk published to the City's website as documents received after publication of the agenda. Espinosa asked the Council to delay action and consider further study of possible changes to the regulations. City staff members have also confirmed receipt of the Espinosa emails at 7:28 p.m., or 7:32 p.m.
There were no further written or electronic communications from Espinosa or anyone else after 7:32 p.m. In the Council Chamber, two members of the public testified on the matter and engaged with the Council during public discussion. No members of the public called in via the Zoom platform to testify during the hearing. In short, the hearing was properly noticed and anyone interested in the matter had the opportunity to participate. There were no 'e-comments' submitted after the agenda was published. The hearing met all the requirements of 'due process,' which means it was fundamentally fair based on federal and state constitutional principles.
The public hearing was closed at approximately 8:10 p.m. After discussion among the members, Council Member Zermeno moved to support the staff recommendation. Council Member Syrop seconded Zermeno's motion but offered a 'friendly amendment' to eliminate altogether the 60/40 ratio. Council Member Zermeno initially accepted the proposed amendment.
Of significance, the staff recommendation included reduction of the ratio to 50/50 percent to align with current economic development models, but it did not include elimination of the ratio altogether. In fact, during the Council's discussion there was concern that elimination of the ratio would result in establishments that predominantly sold alcohol with limited or no food options. Staff pointed out that ABC regulations would still require a 50/50 ratio, thus precluding elimination of the ratio altogether. Staff also pointed out that conditional use permits might also restrict alcohol sales.
During the discussion, Council Member Roche suggesting separating the 'friendly amendment' and voting on it as a stand-alone motion, distinct from Council Member Zermeno's main motion.
in summary, what is clear is that the 'friendly amendment' was in fact a procedurally improper 'substitute motion.' A substitute motion, under Robert's Rule, is separate and distinct from a pending main motion and raises substantive new issues, although it does take precedence over the main motion. The Council's Handbook, however, prohibits substitute motions (see page 42 of the Handbook, Attachment C). Elimination of the ratio altogether was inconsistent with the main motion, and it was not a 'friendly amendment.'
Council Member Zermeno recognized the procedural irregularity and rejected the 'friendly amendment,' leaving only the main motion on the floor. Mayor Salinas sought a new second Memorandum in Response to Media Report re: March 7, 2023 City Council Introduction of Ordinance of Accompanying Resolutions Updating Alcoholic Beverage Regulations
March 27, 2017
to the main motion. Council Member Goldstein offered to second the main motion.
During the Council's lengthy discussion, Council Member Marquez referred to a message on her phone as related to the hearing. In fact, Council Member Marquez was referring to the Espinosa message(s) that all members had previously received. Council Member Marquez noted the Espinosa message asked for the matter to be continued for further consideration, which she indicated she would not support.
All members of the Council have confirmed that their only discussions about the subject of the hearing occurred during the meeting itself and on the record. There were no secret or private communications among them during the meeting, nor were there any secret or private communications with members of the public. Consequently, there were no Brown Act violations as alleged in the media report.
With only Council Member Zermeno's main motion on the floor, seconded by Council Member Goldstein, Mayor Salinas called the question, which was approved unanimously.
The hearing concluded at approximately 8:50 p.m.
CONCLUSION
A careful review of the March 7 hearing leads to a conclusion that it was fully transparent, in no way violative of the Brown Act, and procedurally the Council got it right -- that is, the 'friendly amendment' was in fact a substitute motion not allowed by the Council Handbook.
The Council was not influenced by ‘special interests’ with some sort of ‘insider’ access. To the contrary, the request to continue the item was rejected by the Council. The media account also attempted to link the Council's March 7 meeting to alleged Brown Act improprieties related to the Alameda County Board of Supervisors. There is no link or connection between the Council's actions and whatever Brown Act issues the board may have dealt with.
Respectfully submitted,
City Attorney
Attachments A (Espinosa email at 7:28 p.m.)
B (Espinosa email at 7:32 p.m.)
C (Council Handbook, page 42)
ATTACHMENT A
ATTACHMENT B
ATTACHMENT C
CITY OF HAYWARD
Hayward City Hall
777 B Street
Hayward, CA 94541
www.Hayward-CA.gov
File #: CONS 23-156
DATE: March 28, 2023
TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: City Attorney
SUBJECT
Adopt a Resolution Approving Participation in the National Opioid Settlement with Teva, Allergan, CVS, Walmart and Walgreens, Accepting the Terms of the California Allocation Agreement, and Authorizing the City Manager to Execute and Submit all Necessary Settlement Participation Documents on Behalf of the City of Hayward
RECOMMENDATION
That the Council adopts a resolution (Attachment II) approving participation in the National Opioid Settlement with Teva, Allergan, CVS, Walmart and Walgreens, accepting the terms of the California Allocation Agreement for each party, and authorizing the City Manager to execute and submit all necessary settlement participation documents on behalf of the City of Hayward.
SUMMARY
In November and December 2022, Teva, Allergan, Walmart, Walgreens and CVS entered into National Opioid Settlements arising out of coordinated national lawsuits against various responsible entities filed by various state attorneys general and various local subdivisions. On December 14, 2021, the City Council previously approved participation in settlements involving the three largest pharmaceutical opioid distributors: McKesson, Cardinal Health and AmerisourceBergen (“Distributors”), and opioid manufacturer Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its parent company Johnson & Johnson (collectively, “J&J”). All of the settlements will provide substantial funds to states and subdivisions for abatement of the Opioids epidemic across the country and will impose transformative changes in the way the settling defendants conduct their business.
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment I Staff Report
Attachment II Resolution
CITY OF HAYWARD Printed on 3/24/2023Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™
DATE: March 28, 2023
TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: City Attorney
SUBJECT: Adopt a Resolution Approving Participation in the National Opioid Settlement with Teva, Allergan, CVS, Walmart and Walgreens, Accepting the Terms of the California Allocation Agreement, and Authorizing the City Manager to Execute and Submit all Necessary Settlement Participation Documents on Behalf of the City of Hayward
RECOMMENDATION
That the Council adopts a resolution (Attachment II) approving participation in the National Opioid Settlement with Teva, Allergan, CVS, Walmart and Walgreens, accepting the terms of the California Allocation Agreement for each party, and authorizing the City Manager to execute and submit all necessary settlement participation documents on behalf of the City of Hayward.
SUMMARY
In November and December 2022, Teva, Allergan, Walmart, Walgreens and CVS entered into National Opioid Settlements arising out of coordinated national lawsuits against various responsible entities filed by various state attorneys general and various local subdivisions. On December 14, 2021, the City Council previously approved participation in settlements involving the three largest pharmaceutical opioid distributors: McKesson, Cardinal Health and AmerisourceBergen (“Distributors”), and opioid manufacturer Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its parent company Johnson & Johnson (collectively, “J&J”). All of the settlements will provide substantial funds to states and subdivisions for abatement of the Opioids epidemic across the country and will impose transformative changes in the way the settling defendants conduct their business.1
1 Refer to national settlement website at National Opioid Settlement
BACKGROUND
The settlement would resolve the claims of both states and local governments across the country, including the nearly 4,000 that have filed lawsuits in federal and state courts.
Settlement approval is contingent on a critical mass of states and local governments participating. States and their local governments will receive maximum payments if each state and its local governments join together in support of the agreement. As part of the proposed settlement, California stands to receive a maximum of nearly $1.8 billion if all California local governments sign on. This is in addition to the approximately $2.2 billion received by California pursuant to the Distributor and Manufacturer settlement agreement previously approved by the City Council.
Under the terms of the settlement:
Teva to pay up to $3.34 billion over 13 years and to provide either $1.2 billion of its generic version of the drug Narcan over 10 years or $240 million of cash in lieu of product, as each state may elect;
Allergan to pay up to $2.02 billion over 7 years;
CVS to pay up to $4.90 billion over 10 years;
Walgreens to pay up to $5.52 billion over 15 years; and Walmart to pay up to $2.74 billion within 6 years.
The total funding distributed will be determined by the overall degree of participation by both litigating and non-litigating state and local governments; The substantial majority of the money is to be spent on opioid treatment and prevention; and
Each state’s share of the funding has been determined by agreement among the states using a formula that considers the impact of the opioid crisis on the state – the number of overdose deaths, the number of residents with substance use disorder, and the number of opioids prescribed – and the population of the state. Teva and Allergan have agreed to strict limitations on their marketing, promotion, sale, and distribution of opioids, including a ban on : (1) promoting and lobbying; (2) rewarding or disciplining employees based on volume of opioid sales; and (3) funding or grants to third parties;
Walmart, CVS, and Walgreens are required to implement changes in how they handle opioids, including requirements addressing their compliance structures, pharmacist judgement, diversion prevention, suspicious order monitoring, and reporting on red-flag processes, as well as blocked and potentially problematic prescribers;
The settlement also includes injunctive relief terms to help prevent this type of crisis from reoccurring.
The State of California, and counsel representing a group of cities and counties, have reached agreement on a proposed allocation of recoveries that California may receive
pursuant to the respective settlements with Teva, Allergan, CVS, Walmart and Walgreens (“Allocation Agreements.”). Acceptance of the Allocation Agreement is a condition of a city or county joining the settlements. Cities wishing to participate in the settlements must submit participation forms signed by an authorized representative by April 18, 2023.2
DISCUSSION
Pursuant to the terms of the settlements, up to 9.9 % of the funds from each settlement is allocated to California and eligible subdivisions within California. Pursuant to the terms of the Allocation Agreement, California’s settlement is divided among three funds:
State Fund – 15% of settlement goes to State.
Subdivision Fund – 15% to litigating subdivisions.
Abatement Fund – 70% to eligible subdivisions (including Hayward) identified in the respective settlement agreements. Also includes litigating subdivisions.
Pursuant to the Allocation Agreement, Hayward is entitled to receive .117% of California’s Abatement Fund. Hayward could receive estimated annual payments as follows:
Teva – up to $26,000/year for 13 years
Allergan – up to $29,000/year for 7 years
CVS – up to $28,000 - $56,000/year for 10 years
Walmart – up to $46,000/year for 6 years
Walgreens – up to $28,000 - $42,000/year for 15 years
The settlement funds must be used on opioid remediation programs that are specifically described in the settlement agreements. Hayward may elect to receive direct payments in any given payment year of the settlement. If Hayward chooses not to receive a direct payment in any given payment year, the funds will go to the County, which is not required to spend the funds in Hayward. Payments into state settlement funds are scheduled to be received once annually. The initial payments from the respective settling entities are scheduled to be made from June 30, 2023 through August 16, 2023.
In order to participate in the settlement, the City must submit a participation form that includes a release of claims against Teva, Allergan, CVS, Walmart and Walgreens. If authorized by the Council, the City Manager will submit the necessary forms by the April 18, 2023 participation deadline.
FISCAL IMPACT
If the City chooses to receive funds directly from the settlement, the funds will be used to fund care, treatment, or other programs and expenditures designed to (1) address the misuse and abuse of opioid products, (2) treat or mitigate opioid use or related disorders,
2 For more information, please refer to the California Attorney General’s FAQ regarding these settlements, Frequently Asked Questions | State of California - Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General
or (3) mitigate other alleged effects of, including on those injured as a result of, the opioid epidemic, including reasonably related administrative expenses. The City can use these funds to offset or supplement future expenses of existing programs, to expand or enhance existing programs, or to fund new programs. The funds cannot be used to reimburse past program expenses.
STRATEGIC ROADMAP
This item does not relate to any of the specific projects outlined in the Council’s Strategic Roadmap.
NEXT STEPS
Adoption of the resolution will allow the City Manager to submit the required forms for participation in the settlements. The participation forms must be submitted to the national settlement administrator by April 18, 2023.
Prepared and Recommended by: Michael S. Lawson, City Attorney Michael G. Vigilia, Senior Assistant City Attorney
Approved by:
________________________________
Kelly McAdoo, City Manager
ATTACHMENT II
HAYWARD CITY COUNCIL
RESOLUTION NO. 23-____
Introduced by Council Member __________
RESOLUTION APPROVING PARTICIPATION IN THE NATIONAL OPIOID
SETTLEMENT LITIGATION WITH TEVA, ALLERGAN, CVS, WALMART AND WALGREENS; ACCEPTING THE TERMS OF THE CALIFORNIA ALLOCATION AGREEMENT; AND AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER TO EXECUTE AND
SUBMIT ALL NECESSARY SETTLEMENT PARTICIPATION DOCUMENTS ON
BEHALF OF THE CITY OF HAYWARD
WHEREAS, a settlement has been reached in multi -district litigation in brought by states and cities against Teva, Allergan, CVS, Walmart and Walgreens for their roles in the opioid crisis; and
WHEREAS, the proposed settlements consist of agreements with Teva, Allergan, CVS, Walmart and Walgreens; and
WHEREAS, the terms of the settlements include payments as follows:
Teva to pay up to $3.34 billion over 13 years and to provide either $1.2 billion of its generic version of the drug Narcan over 10 years or $240 million of cash in lieu of product, as each state may elect;
Allergan to pay up to $2.02 billion over 7 years;
CVS to pay up to $4.90 billion over 10 years;
Walgreens to pay up to $5.52 billion over 15 years; and Walmart to pay up to $2.74 billion within 6 years.
WHEREAS, under the terms of Settlement, California is scheduled to receive up to nearly $1.8 billion, some of which will be distributed to cities and counties; and
WHEREAS, although the City of Hayward is not a litigating entity involved i n this litigation it may opt-in and receive the benefits of the settlements in exchange for releasing its claims against Teva, Allergan, CVS, Walmart and Walgreens; and
WHEREAS, the more cities with populations greater than 10,000 people, such as the City, which opt-in to the agreement will enable their respective counties and states to receive more funds under the incentive structure of the settlements; and
WHEREAS, opting-in to the settlement will enable the City to receive funds from the settlements, which can be used to treat opioid use disorder and for other purposes described in the Settlement; and
WHEREAS, the City wishes to agree to the terms of the proposed settlements; and
ATTACHMENT II
WHEREAS, the State of California, and counsel representing a group of cities and counties, have reached agreement on a proposed allocation of recoveries that California may receive pursuant to the settlements (“Allocation Agreements”); and
WHEREAS, the City wishes to agree to the terms of the proposed Allocation Agreements; and
WHEREAS, jurisdictions must opt-in to the settlements by April 18, 2023.
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Hayward that the terms of the settlement agreements with Teva, Allergan, CVS, Walmart and Walgreens regarding the national opioid litigation described herein are hereby accepted.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the terms of the Allocation Agreements prepared by the State of California are hereby accepted.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the City Manager is hereby autho rized and directed to execute and submit all documents necessary for the City of Hayward to participate in the settlements with the Teva, Allergan, CVS, Walmart and Walgreens regarding the national opioid litigation described herein.
IN COUNCIL, HAYWARD, CALIFORNIA ___________________, 2023
ADOPTED BY THE FOLLOWING VOTE:
AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
MAYOR:
NOES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
ABSTAIN: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
ABSENT: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
ATTEST: _______________________________________
City Clerk of the City of Hayward
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
___________________________________________
City Attorney of the City of Hayward
CITY OF HAYWARD
Hayward City Hall
777 B Street
Hayward, CA 94541
www.Hayward-CA.gov
File #: CONS 23-168
DATE: March 28, 2023
TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: City Clerk
SUBJECT
Adopt a Resolution Accepting the Resignation of Mr. Jason Yeates from the Keep Hayward Clean and Green Task Force, Effective Immediately
RECOMMENDATION
That Council adopts a resolution (Attachment II) accepting the resignation of Mr. Jason Yeates from the Keep Hayward Clean and Green Task Force, effective immediately.
SUMMARY
Mr. Jason Yeates was appointed to the Keep Hayward Clean and Green Task Force on September 15, 2020.
Mr. Yeates’ resignation becomes effective immediately per his resignation letter dated March 9, 2023.
Mr. Yeates’ vacated position will be filled as part of the annual appointment process for the City’s appointed officials to Commissions and Keep Hayward Clean and Green Task Force.
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment I Staff Report
Attachment II Resolution
Attachment III Resignation Letter
CITY OF HAYWARD Printed on 3/24/2023Page 1 of 1
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DATE: March 28, 2023
TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: City Clerk
SUBJECT: Adopt a Resolution Accepting the Resignation of Mr. Jason Yeates from the Keep Hayward Clean and Green Task Force, Effective Immediately
RECOMMENDATION
That the City Council adopts a resolution accepting the resignation of Mr. Jason Yeates from the Hayward Clean and Green Task Force, effective immediately.
SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
Mr. Jason Yeates was appointed to the Keep Hayward Cl ean and Green Task For ce on September 15, 2020. Mr. Yeates’ resignation becomes effective immediately, per his resignation letter dated March 9, 2023 (Attachment III).
Mr. Yeates’ vacated position will be filled as part of the annual appointment process for the City’s appointed officials to Commissions and Keep Hayward Clean and Green Task Force.
FISCAL IMPACT
There is no fiscal impact associated with this action.
STRATEGIC INITIATIVES
The agenda item is a routine operational item and does n ot relate to one of the Coun cil’s Strategic Initiatives.
Prepared and Recommended by: Miriam Lens, City Clerk
Approved by:
Kelly McAdoo, City Manager
ATTACHMENT II
HAYWARD CITY COUNCIL
RESOLUTION No. 23-_______
Introduced by Council Member ________________
RESOLUTION ACCEPTING THE RESIGNATION OF MR. JASON YEATES FROM
THE KEEP HAYWARD CLEAN AND GREEN TASK FORCE
WHEREAS, Mr. Jason Yeates was appointed to the Keep Hayward Clean and Green Task Force on September 15, 2020; and
WHEREAS, Mr. Jason Yeates submitted a resignation letter on March 9, 2023.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Hayward that the Council hereby accept s the resignation of Mr. Jason Yeates and commends him for his service to the City of Hayward.
IN COUNCIL, HAYWARD, CALIFORNIA, ________________________
ADOPTED BY THE FOLLOWING VOTE:
AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
MAYOR:
NOES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
ABSTAIN: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
ABSENT: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
ATTEST: ______________________________________
City Clerk of the City of Hayward
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
__________________________________________
City Attorney of the City of Hayward
ATTACHMENT III
From: jason yeates
Sent: Thursday, March 9, 2023 3:19 PM
To: Jeff Haman < >; Colleen Kamai < >
Subject: Resignation from KHC&G Task Force
Good afternoon Jeff and Colleen- Due to a dramatic change in my life, I am no longer able to devote time to the KHCG TF. I am resigning from the task force effective immediately and wish you the best of luck on continuing this valuable work.
Take care,
Jason Yeates
CITY OF HAYWARD
Hayward City Hall
777 B Street
Hayward, CA 94541
www.Hayward-CA.gov
File #: CONS 23-169
DATE: March 28, 2023
TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: City Clerk
SUBJECT
Adopt a Resolution Accepting the Resignation of Mr. Stanley Long from the Community Services Commission, Effective Immediately
RECOMMENDATION
That Council adopts a resolution (Attachment II) accepting the resignation of Mr. Stanley Long from the Community Services Commission, effective immediately.
SUMMARY
Mr. Stanley Long was appointed to the Community Services Commission on September 21, 2021. Mr.
Long’s resignation becomes effective immediately per his resignation letter dated March 13, 2023.
Mr. Long’s vacated position will be filled as part of the annual appointment process for the City’s appointed officials to Commissions and Community Services Commission.
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment I Staff Report
Attachment II Resolution
Attachment III Resignation Letter
CITY OF HAYWARD Printed on 3/24/2023Page 1 of 1
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DATE: March 28, 2023
TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: City Clerk
SUBJECT: Adopt a Resolution Accepting the Resignation of Mr. Stanley Long from the Community Services Commission, Effective Immediately
RECOMMENDATION
That the City Council adopts a resolution accepting the resignation of Mr. Stanley Long from the Community Services Commission, effective immediately.
SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
Mr. Stanley Long was appointed to the Community Services Commission on September 21, 2021. Mr. Long’s resignation becomes effective immediately per his resignation letter dated March 13, 2023.
Mr. Long’s vacated position will be filled as part of the annual appointment proce ss for the City’s appointed officials to Commissions and Community Services Commission.
FISCAL IMPACT
There is no fiscal impact associated with this action.
STRATEGIC INITIATIVES
The agenda item is a routine operational item and does n ot relate to one of the Counc il’s Strategic Initiatives.
Prepared and Recommended by: Miriam Lens, City Clerk
Approved by:
Kelly McAdoo, City Manager
ATTACHMENT II
HAYWARD CITY COUNCIL
RESOLUTION No. 23-_______
Introduced by Council Member ________________
RESOLUTION ACCEPTING THE RESIGNATION OF MR. STANLEY LONG FROM
THE COMMUNITY SERVICES COMMISSION
WHEREAS, Mr. Stanley Long was appointed to the Community Services Commission on September 21, 2021; and
WHEREAS, Mr. Stanley Long submitted a resignation letter on March 13, 2023.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Hayward that the Council hereby accepts the resignation of Mr. Stanley Long and commends him for his service to the City.
IN COUNCIL, HAYWARD, CALIFORNIA, ________________________
ADOPTED BY THE FOLLOWING VOTE:
AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
MAYOR:
NOES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
ABSTAIN: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
ABSENT: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
ATTEST: ______________________________________
City Clerk of the City of Hayward
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
__________________________________________
City Attorney of the City of Hayward
ATTACHMENT III
From: Stan Long
Sent: Monday, March 13, 2023 1:24 PM
To: Jessica Lobedan <[email protected]>
Subject: Resignation
Jessica
This email is to confirm that I am resigning as a member of the community service commission due to health reasons.
Please share with the rest of the commission how disappointed I am that I will not be able to complete my term due to health reasons.
Stan Long
CITY OF HAYWARD
Hayward City Hall
777 B Street
Hayward, CA 94541
www.Hayward-CA.gov
File #: CONS 23-176
DATE: March 28, 2023
TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: Assistant City Manager
SUBJECT
Adopt a Resolution Authorizing the City Manager to Negotiate and Execute an Agreement with Centro Legal de la Raza in an Amount Not-to-Exceed $500,000 to Administer a Multi-Agency Legal Assistance and Anti-Displacement Program
RECOMMENDATION
That the Council adopts a resolution (Attachment II) to authorize the City Manager to negotiate and execute an agreement with Centro Legal de la Raza in an amount not-to-exceed $500,000 to administer a multi-agency legal assistance and anti-displacement program.
SUMMARY
The Alameda County Board of Supervisors (BOS) recently rejected an amendment to an agreement with Centro Legal de la Raza, Inc., (Centro Legal) to administer an umbrella contract with four partner agencies for legal services through a program called AC Housing Secure (ACHS). Rejection of additional funding for this program was unexpected since the ACHS has been funded by the County since 2018. As the Alameda County temporary eviction moratorium sunsets on April 29, 2023, it is anticipated that it will be followed by a significant increase in evictions County-wide. The Alameda County Community Development Agency (CDA) brought the funding increase to the BOS as a mechanism for providing legal services to tenants at risk of unlawful or unnecessary evictions following the end of the moratorium.
Since the BOS neither adopted nor failed the item, it may return to the BOS for another vote; however, at the time of this report writing, it is unclear if it will be heard again and, if so, if it will be adopted.
Based on analysis of data from the Census Bureau, Superior Court of Alameda County, and ACHS providers, staff estimate that Hayward tenants are at disproportionate risk for eviction following the end of the local moratorium. Approximately one-third of Hayward residents previously served through ACHS were served by partner agencies that will no longer be able to serve the Hayward community without additional funding. With no increase in funding to ACHS, Hayward renters are left vulnerable to displacement, homelessness, and a number of other negative financial and social impacts associated with eviction. This risk is even higher for Black and Hispanic renters, who are more likely to be cost-burdened (i.e., spending 30% or more of their income on rent) and who experience evictions at greater rates than CITY OF HAYWARD Printed on 3/24/2023Page 1 of 2
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File #:CONS 23-176
other racial groups.
Staff recommends that the Council adopt a resolution authorizing the City Manager to negotiate and execute an agreement with Centro Legal de la Raza in an amount not-to-exceed $500,000 to administer the multi-agency legal assistance and anti-displacement program known as AC Housing Secure. Funding for the agreement would come from an available $3 million in uncommitted American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) funds intended for Housing programs. This use of funds aligns with the Homelessness-Housing Task Force’s(HHTF) recent request of staff to evaluate uses of these ARPA funds for renters at risk of eviction with the looming end of the temporary eviction moratorium. The $500,000 not-to-exceed amount is based on best estimates for service need. In collaboration with ACHS providers and the Superior Court of Alameda County, staff will monitor contract expenses and eviction rates and may return to Council with a recommendation for additional funding should the need for service continue.
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment I Staff Report
Attachment II Resolution
CITY OF HAYWARD Printed on 3/24/2023Page 2 of 2
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DATE: March 28, 2023
TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: Assistant City Manager
SUBJECT: Adopt a Resolution Authorizing the City Manager to Negotiate and Execute an Agreement with Centro Legal de la Raza in an Amount Not-to-Exceed $500,000 to Administer a Multi-Agency Legal Assistance and Anti-Displacement Program
RECOMMENDATION
That the Council adopts a resolution (Attachment II) to authorize the City Manager to negotiate and execute an agreement with Centro Legal de la Raza in an amount not-to-exceed $500,000 to administer a multi-agency legal assistance and anti-displacement program.
SUMMARY
The Alameda County Board of Supervisors (BOS) recently rejected an amendment to an agreement with Centro Legal de la Raza, Inc., (Centro Legal) to administer an umbrella contract with four partner agencies for legal services through a program called AC Housing Secure (ACHS). Rejection of additional funding for this program was unexpe cted since the ACHS has been funded by the County since 2018. As the Alameda County temporary eviction moratorium sunsets on April 29, 2023, it is anticipated that it will be followed by a significant increase in evictions County -wide. The Alameda County C ommunity Development Agency (CDA) brought the funding increase to the BOS as a mechanism for providing legal services to tenants at risk of unlawful or unnecessary evictions following the end of the moratorium.
Since the BOS neither adopted nor failed the item, it may return to the BOS for another vote; however, at the time of this report writing, it is unclear if it will be heard again and, if so, if it will be adopted.
Based on analysis of data from the Census Bureau, Superior Court of Alameda County, and ACHS providers, staff estimate that Hayward tenants are at disproportionate risk for eviction following the end of the local moratorium. Approximately one -third of Hayward residents previously served through ACHS were served by partner agencies that will no longer be able to serve the Hayward community without additional funding. With no increase in funding to ACHS, Hayward renters are left vulnerable to displacement, homelessness, and a number of other negative financial and social impacts associated with eviction. This risk is even higher for Black and Hispanic renters, who are more likely to be cost-burdened (i.e., spending 30%
or more of their income on rent) and who experience evictions at greater rates than other racial groups.
Staff recommends that the Council adopt a resolution authorizing the City Manager to negotiate and execute an agreement with Centro Legal de la Raza in an amount not-to-exceed $500,000 to administer the multi-agency legal assistance and anti-displacement program known as AC Housing Secure. Funding for the agreement would come from an available $3 million in uncommitted American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) funds intended for Housing programs. This use of funds aligns with the Homelessness-Housing Task Force’s (HHTF) recent request of staff to evaluate uses of these ARPA funds for renters at risk of eviction with the looming end of the temporary eviction moratorium. The $500,000 not -to-exceed amount is based on best estimates for service need. In collaboration with ACHS providers a nd the Superior Court of Alameda County, staff will monitor contract expenses and eviction rates and may return to Council with a recommendation for additional funding should the need for service continue.
BACKGROUND
Since May 2018, the BOS has funded the Alameda County Housing Secure Anti-Displacement Program (ACHS). At BOS direction, t he Alameda County Community Development Agency (CDA) contracts with Centro Legal de la Raza, Inc., (Centro Legal) to administer an umbrella contract for legal services with their partner providers Housing and Economic Rights Advocates, Eviction Defense Center, East Bay Community Law Center, and Bay Area Legal Aid.
As a collaborative, the agencies provide legal consultations and legal representation in eviction court, if necessary, to tenants throughout the County. The original agreement between CDA and Centro Legal was for a two-year period with three possible one-year extensions. The BOS has amended it three times to extend it through June 30, 2023. Through ACHS, Hayward tenants have access to free legal services to understand their rights regarding issues such as evictions, rent increases, security deposits, and habitability and safety , as well as representation in eviction defense as needed.
Effective March 24, 2020, the BOS enacted a temporary moratorium on evictions countywide in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. They set the end of the temporary moratorium to be 60 days after the expiration of the local public health emergency. 1 The eviction moratorium prevented all evictions except for those necessary to comply with government order, when there is an imminent health or safety concern, or when the landlord is taking the unit off the rental market. On February 28, 2023, the Alameda County Health Officer confirmed the end of the local public health emergency for COVID-19 in Alameda County, in alignment with the end of the State of California’s COVID -19 state of emergency. 2 Therefore, the Alameda County temporary eviction moratorium is set to expire on April 29, 2023.
1 March 17, 2020, Alameda County Board of Supervisors Agenda and Materials:
https://alamedacounty.granicus.com/player/clip/6125?view_id=2&redirect=true&h=9f975936f983a9b8a3624 dcdc63eedef
2 February 28, 2023, Statement from the Alameda County Health Care Services Agency: https://covid-
19.acgov.org/covid19-assets/docs/press/press-release-2023.02.28.pdf
On February 28, 2023, CDA brought Item No. 27 to the BOS to approve the fourth amendment to the ACHS contract with Centro Legal, increasing the contract by $999,591 to cover anticipated expenses due to the impending end to the County eviction moratorium. Four BOS members were in attendance. Two abstained and two voted in favor of the item; therefore, the BOS could not act, the contract amendment was neither approved nor denied, and the County has not provided additional funding for eviction defense services.3
On March 2, 2023, the City of Hayward Homelessness-Housing Task Force (HHTF) held a Work Session on a proposal to reallocate $3 million of American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) funding from the wealth building and tax -defaulted property acqu isition programs to down payment assistance for a new social impact bonds program.4 HHTF members expressed interest in the program, but shared their concerns that there may be more immediate needs that the funds could address, specifically for supporting v ulnerable renters who may be impacted by the upcoming termination of the eviction moratorium. HHTF members directed staff to return to the Council with an analysis of alternative funding uses that would prioritize providing more immediate support for rente rs, including a tenant right to counsel program and additional rental assistance as two potential uses. Staff intend to bring that item to Council for discussion in April to discuss proposed uses for the remaining funds, but due to the present need for providing anti-displacement legal resources as the moratorium is lifted, this discussion only considers that immediate need.
DISCUSSION
Evictions have significant negative impacts on tenants, including limiting their options for future housing and increasing the likelihood of future homelessness. They can lead to substantial emotional, social, and financial instability, as families often have to leave their communities, schools, and jobs to find new housing. The risk of eviction is especially high for Black renters, with one recent study showing that average eviction rates are significantly higher for Black renters than for White renters. The eviction process is complex and moves very quickly. On average, 82% of landlords will have legal representation during an eviction proceeding, compared to only about 3% of tenants; therefore, legal services are one effective solution for preventing unnecessary evictions for tenants most at risk. 5,6,7
3 February 28, 2023, Alameda County Board of Supervisors Agenda and Materials:
https://alamedacounty.granicus.com/player/clip/8192?view_id=2&redirect=true&h=111f23d6bf76a5a555cdf9 caa80c2917
4 March 2, 2023, Homelessness-Housing Task Force Agenda and Materials:
https://hayward.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=6043172&GUID=829241C4-A440-48BA-BED7- CDDAE2CA39DC&Options=&Search=
5 Peiffer, E. (2018). Why we need to stop evictions before they happen. Housing Matters: An Urban Institute Initiative. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://housingmatters.urban.org/feature/why-we-need-stop- evictions-they-happen
6 Hepburn, P., Louis, R., & Desmond, M. (2020). Racial and gender disparities among evicted Americans. Eviction Lab. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://evictionlab.org/demographics-of-eviction/ 7 National League of Cities. Using right to counsel as an eviction diversion strategy. Retrieved March 14, 2023, from https://www.nlc.org/article/2021/10/26/using-right-to-counsel-as-an-eviction-diversion-strategy/
The upcoming end to the County’s temporary eviction moratorium on April 29, 2023, is likely to result in a significant spike in evictions for tenants in Hayward. Data from other jurisdictions with expired eviction moratoria suggest that we can expect a substantial increase in evictions once the moratorium is lifted, with increases in some jurisdictions reaching over 100% more than pre-pandemic averages.8 More locally, analysis of unlawful detainer data obtained from the Superior Court of Alameda County indicates that before the COVID-19 pandemic Hayward residents were being evicted at a rate higher than many other Alameda County cities, including Berkeley and Oakland. Additionally, over half (52%) of Hayward’s renters are cost-burdened, meaning they spend at least 30% of their income on rent. A greater share of Black and Hispanic households experience cost burden compared to other racial and ethnic groups of renters in Hayward. Given the disproportionate eviction rates for Black households, Hayward’s cost - burdened Black renters are exceptionally vulnerable to future eviction. For lower-income, cost- burdened renters, the end of eviction protections without access to legal services to prevent unlawful evi ction creates an increased risk of displacement , homelessness, and future challenges securing stable housing in Hayward.
Hayward City Council has previously funded legal services agencies to support Hayward tenants and homeowners. For example, the Council approved an American Rescue Plan-funded agreement with Housing and Economic Rights Advocates to administer a foreclosure prevention program, which includes foreclosure prevention counseling and financial assistance, as needed.9 The Council also has approved annual General Fund or Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) awards with Centro Legal for legal services to Hayward tenants for several years. This award has varied in amount depending on the funding source and recommendations from the Community Services Commission (CSC) and is insufficient to cover the anticipated increase in current need.
The County BOS’s failure to provide funding for eviction defense in advance of the termination of the eviction moratorium was unexpected. For the past several months, City staff have communicated with County CDA staff to fully understand the County’s plan for addressing a potential increase in evictions following the end of the County’s moratorium. CDA’s plan has been to increase funding to ACHS to ensure tenants have access to legal services and eviction defense as needed. Without the BOS adopting the amendment to the ACHS program, there is no mechanism to provide legal services at the County level.
In the time that ACHS has been active, Centro Legal has served 270 Hayward tenant households through direct contracts with the City and through the ACHS collaborative. Another 208 Hayward tenants were served through the ACHS collaborative by providers other than Centro Legal. Of the Hayward tenants served through ACHS, approximately one-third were served by providers other than Centro Legal. Without increased funding to the ACHS program, those providers will no longer have the resources to serve Hayward tenants and a substantial portion
8 The Eviction Lab at Princeton University. Retrieved March 14, 2023, from https://evictionlab.org/ 9 October 19, 2021, City Council Agenda and Materials:
https://hayward.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=5186194&GUID=8FFA59BA-A4D7-4F64-9E15- 258C15948AF4&Options=&Search=
of tenants who would seek legal services and eviction defense through ACHS would not have access.
At the time of this report writing, staff anticipate that CDA will bring the ACHS item back to the BOS; however, it remains unclear if the BOS will approve the amendment to add funding to the program. Staff recommends that Council authorize the City Manager to execute an agreement with Centro Legal as the lead agency to implement the ACHS umbrella contract with the other four providers in the collaborative to serve Hayward tenants. Staff recommend a not-to-exceed amount of $500,000 based on best estimates for service need . Given the HHTF’s interest in using all or a portion of unspent Housing ARPA funds for protecting renters as the eviction moratorium ends, staff recommends that the Council use a portion of the unallocated ARPA funds for this agreement. In collaboration with ACHS providers and the Superior Court of Alameda County, staff will monitor contract expenses and eviction rates and may return to Council with a recommendation for additional funding should the need continue If the BOS ultimately approves an extension and sufficiently funds the ACHS contract to serve the Hayward community, staff may evaluate repurposing our ARPA dollars for other needed recovery efforts.
FISCAL IMPACT
This item has no impact on the City’s General Fund.
This contract will be funded by the reallocation of a portion of unspent ARPA funds designated for Housing programs. The ARPA funds will be used for legal services for Hayward tenants to help prevent unnecessary or unlawful evictions. Preventing evictions creates a significant positive fiscal impact for vulnerable Hayward residents by increasing housing stability, decreasing the risk of displacement, and preventing future economic instability.
STRATEGIC ROADMAP
This agenda item supports the Strategic Priority of Preserve, Protect, and Produce Housing.
This item is not specifically related to a project identified in the Strategic Roadmap. Staff is bringing forth this item because it relates to the City’s priority of preserving housing opportunities by reducing displacement through eviction defense and legal services for tenants.
PUBLIC CONTACT
This is an administrative item and there has been no public comment related to this item.
NEXT STEPS
Following adoption of this resolution, staff will enter into the agreement with Centro Legal, who will then amend and monitor its umbrella contract with the ACHS partner agencies. Centro Legal and its partners will provide service data to the City and staff will also track unlawful detainer filings through the Superior Court of Alameda County. Should additional service need
be required, staff will return to Council with a program update and to request an amendment to the agreement.
Prepared by: Amy Cole-Bloom, Management Analyst
Recommended by: Christina Morales, Housing Division Manager Dustin Claussen, Assistant City Manager
Approved by:
_________________________________
Kelly McAdoo, City Manager
ATTACHMENT II
HAYWARD CITY COUNCIL
RESOLUTION NO. 23-______
Introduced by Council Member
RESOLUTION AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER TO NEGOTIATE AND EXECUTE AN AGREEMENT WITH CENTRO LEGAL DE LA RAZA, INC., IN AN AMOUNT NOT -TO-EXCEED $500,000 TO ADMINISTER A MULTI -AGENCY
LEGAL ASSISTANCE AND ANTI-DISPLACEMENT PROGRAM
WHEREAS, on March 11, 2021, President Biden signed the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA), also known as the COVID-19 Stimulus Package, which included over $65 billion in direct federal relief to cities; and
WHEREAS, on July 13, 2021, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 21 -139 approving the City of Hayward Federal Stimulus Expenditure Plan for $38 millio n in stimulus funding and authorizing appropriation of $18.9 million in ARPA funding for immediate projects and programs; and
WHEREAS, the Board of Supervisors of Alameda County adopted a temporary eviction moratorium that took effect on March 24, 2020, a nd is set to expire on April 29, 2023; and
WHEREAS, the Board of Supervisors of Alameda County has funded Centro Legal de la Raza to administer an umbrella agreement with four other agencies for the AC Housing Secure program since 2018 to provide legal services and eviction defense, as needed, for tenants throughout the County, including 324 unique Hayward households; and
WHEREAS, the Board of Supervisors of Alameda County rejected an amendment to increase funding to the AC Housing Secure program , despite the impending end of the County eviction moratorium and likely increase in evictions; and
WHEREAS, research supports that evictions limit tenants’ future housing opportunities and can lead to di splacement, homelessness, and a number of negative financial, social, and emotional impacts for tenants; and
WHEREAS, the City Council adopted a Strategic Roadmap and homelessn ess reduction strategic plan that prioritize preventing displacement and homelessness; and
ATTACHMENT II
WHEREAS, $500,000 of ARPA funds allocated to Housing programs is available to reallocate for services to support vulnerable tenants at risk of eviction with the Alameda County eviction moratorium ends; and
NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, by the City Council of the City of Hayward, that $500,000 of the Housing ARPA f unds be reallocated to provide services to support vulnerable tenants at risk of eviction with the Alameda County eviction moratorium ends ; and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that if the BOS ultimately approves an extension and sufficiently funds the ACHS contract to serve the Hayward community, staff may evaluate repurposing ARPA dollars for other needed recovery efforts; and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the City Manager is hereby authorized to negotiate and execute an agreement, in a form to be approved by the City Attorney, with Centro Legal de la Raza in an amount not -to-exceed $500,000 to administer a multi -agency legal assistance and anti-displacement program.
IN COUNCIL, HAYWARD, CALIFORNIA , 2023
ADOPTED BY THE FOLLOWING VOTE:
AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
MAYOR:
NOES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
ABSTAIN: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
ABSENT: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
ATTEST:
City Clerk of the City of Hayward
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
City Attorney of the City of Hayward
CITY OF HAYWARD
Hayward City Hall
777 B Street
Hayward, CA 94541
www.Hayward-CA.gov
File #: CONS 23-181
DATE: March 28, 2023
TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: Fire Chief
SUBJECT
Adopt a Resolution Updating the Hayward Local Resilience Plan, Formerly Known as the Hayward Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, and Finding that the Action is Exempt from CEQA Review
RECOMMENDATION
That the City Council adopts a resolution (Attachment II) adopting the 2021 update to the Hayward Local Resilience Plan, formerly known as the Hayward Local Hazard Mitigation Plan and finds that the action is exempt from CEQA Review.
SUMMARY
Staff is recommending that Council adopt the City's Local Resilience Plan (LRP) 2021 Update (Attachment III). The Local Hazard Mitigation Plan was renamed as part of Hayward’s forward-thinking resilience planning and serves as a guiding document for that strategy and the City’s hazard mitigation activities. Updates to the LRP are required by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) every 5 years to remain eligible to receive hazard mitigation grants and fully funded federal post-disaster Public Assistance. Local jurisdictions, including special districts, that participate in the planning process and are seeking FEMA approval must adopt the mitigation plan. The LRP update was prepared by the Hayward Fire Department, with input from the Planning Department, and the public via a survey.
Local Resilience Plans must be reviewed and approved by the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (CalOES) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The plan approval date begins the five-year approval period and sets the expiration date for the plan. The previous plan dated 2016 was set to be updated in 2021. The reason why staff is bringing the 2021 Update to Council in 2023 is because of the State and Federal review and approval process.
The updated LRP has been reviewed and approved by CalOES and is currently being reviewed by FEMA.
Per FEMA’s Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide, a single jurisdiction is allowed to adopt the plan prior to final FEMA approval, recognizing that the state and/or FEMA may require revisions to the plan that will change the plan’s final content.
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File #:CONS 23-181
The attached updated LRP contains minimal changes from the 2016 adopted version, as no substantial natural disasters occurred in the 5-year period from 2017-2021 and minimal changes occurred in the City's disaster mitigation environment and priorities. Staff is seeking Council adoption before April 19, 2023, because FEMA is issuing new requirements, which may warrant major document revisions and temporary loss of funding opportunities if adopted after that date.
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment I Staff Report
Attachment II Resolution
Attachment III Local Resilience Plan
CITY OF HAYWARD Printed on 3/24/2023Page 2 of 2
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DATE: March 28, 2023
TO: Mayor and City Council
FROM: Fire Chief
SUBJECT: Adopt a Resolution Updating the Hayward Local Resilience Plan, Formerly Known as the Hayward Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, and Finding that the Action is Exempt from CEQA Review
RECOMMENDATION
That the City Council adopts a resolution (Attachment II) adopting the 2021 update to the Hayward Local Resilience Plan, formerly known as the Hayward Local Hazard Mitigation Plan and finds that the action is exempt from CEQA Review.
SUMMARY
Staff is recommending that Council adopt the City's Local Resilience Plan (LRP) 2021 Update (Attachment III). The Local Hazard Mitigation Plan was renamed as part of Hayward’s forward-thinking resilience planning and serves as a guiding document for that strategy and the City’s hazard mitigation activities. Updates to the LRP are required by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) every 5 years to remain eligible to receive hazard mitigation grants and fully funded federal post-disaster Public Assistance. Local jurisdictions, including special districts, that participate in the planning process and are seeking FEMA approval must adopt the mitigation plan. The LRP update was prepared by the Hayward Fire Department, with input from the Planning Department, and the public via a survey.
Local Resilience Plans must be reviewed and approved by the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (CalOES) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
The plan approval date begins the five-year approval period and sets the expiration date for the plan. The previous plan dated 2016 was set to be updated in 2021. The reason why staff is bringing the 2021 Update to Council in 2023 is because of the State and Federal review and approval process.
The updated LRP has been reviewed and approved by CalOES and is currently being reviewed by FEMA. Per FEMA’s Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide, a single jurisdiction
is allowed to adopt the plan prior to final FEMA approval, recognizing that the state and/or FEMA may require revisions to the plan that will change the plan’s final content.
The attached updated LRP contains minimal changes from the 2016 adopted version, as no substantial natural disasters occurred in the 5-year period from 2017-2021 and minimal changes occurred in the City's disaster mitigation environment and priorities. Staff is seeking Council adoption before April 19, 2023, because FEMA is issuing new requirements, which may warrant major document revisions and temporary loss of funding opportunities if adopted after that date.
BACKGROUND
The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 calls for localities to produce and adopt Local Hazard Mitigation Plans (LHMP) to receive hazard mitigation grants and fully funded federal post- disaster Public Assistance. Previously, the City of Hayward was included in the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG’s) 2010 Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan, which was adopted as an Appendix to the previous General Plan. The 2016 LHMP was developed in coordination with other East Bay jurisdictions and ABAG staff, and replaces the Multi- Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, which has expired and will not be updated.
Developing the City’s 2016 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan also fulfilled several General Plan policies. In the Hazards Element, Goal 1: Regional Coordination, addresses the 2010 Multi- Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan and the regional plan update process.
2016 Hayward LHMP Adoption
After being approved by CalOES, the City’s 2016 LHMP received final approval from FEMA on September 14, 2016. On November 29, 2016, the City Council adopted the City’s 2016 Hayward Local Hazard Mitigation Plan.
DISCUSSION
Per FEMA, hazard mitigation is “sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate the long- term risk to human life and property from hazards.” Mitigation is action taken now that reduces risk to life and property, including existing structures and future construction, before, during, and after a disaster. The outcome of successful mitigation is a safer community that is less vulnerable to natural hazards. In addition to increasing community safety, local governments that develop and adopt Local Hazard Mitigation Plans are eligible for the following programs and benefits:
Eligibility for waiver of the 6.25% matching requirement for FEMA Public Assistance: Following a Presidential disaster declaration, FEMA provides Public Assistance (PA) grants for the repair, replacement, and restoration of public assets.
Localities with an approved and adopted hazard mitigation plan can be exempt from the 6.25% cost-sharing that is usually required of PA recipients.
Eligibility for hazard mitigation grants: The Pre-Disaster Mitigation, Flood Mitigation Assistance, and Hazard Mitigation grant programs all require recipients
to have an approved and adopted LRP. Furthermore, grant funding for mitigation will only be awarded for projects that are consistent with the plan.
Points for the National Flood Insurance Program Community Rating System (NFIP CRS): Jurisdictions with approved and adopted LRPS are eligible for flood insurance discounts through participation in the NFIP CRS. (Hayward does not participate in the Community Rating System)
The purpose of this Local Hazard Mitigation Plan update is to assess hazard risk and asset vulnerability in the City of Hayward and use that information to identify strategies to reduce future losses from natural hazards. The LRP serves as a guiding document for the City’s hazard mitigation activities and was developed in fulfillment of and alignment with the City Council’s “Safe” priority and informed by General Plan Safety Element and Hazards Element goals.
To prepare the 2021 LRP update, team members completed the following tasks:
• Reviewed the previous 2016 LHMP: Team members reviewed the 2016 Hayward Local Hazard Mitigation Plan and reported on the City’s progress on implementing the plan’s mitigation strategies.
• Community Engagement: Staff worked to engage the community in the update, through the internet, social media, and via public surveys.
• Evaluated the City’s risk by mapping hazard exposure and vulnerable assets: Using GIS data, the team re-mapped the City’s exposure to hazards and identified vulnerable assets in the affected areas.
• Reviewed mitigation strategies: Based on the risk and vulnerability analysis and careful consideration of each strategy, the team reviewed and added updates to the list of mitigation strategies for the City of Hayward to implement over the next five years.
For further information about the plan update process, please see Section 2 of the LRP 2021 Update (Attachment III).
Risk Assessment & Asset Exposure
Hazard mitigation planning is based on reliable, relevant data about the probability and location of potential hazards in the City of Hayward. Using data from state and federal agencies provided by ABAG, staff created maps of the City’s exposure to earthquake, fire, landslide, flooding, tsunami, sea level rise, drought, and hazardous materials hazards.
These maps and a detailed discussion of Hayward’s exposure to risk and specific vulnerabilities are included in Section 5 of the LRP (Attachment III). A summary of the City’s exposure to each hazard is available below.
Earthquake
Hayward is exposed to ground shaking, liquefaction, surface rupture, and landslides from seismic activity along the Hayward Fault, San Andreas Fault, San Gregorio Fault, and other Bay Area faults. The hills are susceptible to earthquake-induced landslides, while the flatlands are at risk of liquefaction. Tsunami and fire following an earthquake also threaten the City.
A major earthquake along the Hayward Fault, predicted to have a greater than 70% probability of occurrence in the next 30 years, would be particularly catastrophic.
Fire
The Hayward hills are at risk of wildland-urban interface fire. Dry grassland adjacent to residential properties and the seasonal Diablo winds can result in large, rapidly-spreading fires that cause widespread damage to hillside properties.
Landslide
Rain-induced and earthquake-induced landslides may occur on Hayward’s hillsides.
Extreme wet-dry cycles expected as a result of climate change may exacerbate the risk of these landslides.
Flood, Tsunami, and Sea Level Rise
Hayward’s shoreline, while protected by extensive wetlands, is at risk of inundation from tsunamis, rare floods, and rising sea levels. Infrastructure along the shoreline will be more frequently, and eventually permanently, inundated as the sea level rises. In especially severe floods and at sea levels above five feet, residential and industrial parts of South Hayward adjacent to Don Edwards National Wildlife Preserve and Ward Creek are also at risk of flooding.
Drought
While Hayward is not directly at risk of drought, regional and statewide droughts affect the entire City and are likely to become much more common as climate change progresses.
Hazardous Materials
Hayward is home to nearly 1,000 businesses throughout the City that house various hazardous materials. Hazardous materials have the potential to become a crucial complicating factor in emergency situations. Flooding, earthquakes, and fires can all cause or be exacerbated by hazardous materials release.
Mitigation Strategies
Hazard Mitigation Planning enables the City of Hayward to fulfill its responsibility to protect the health, safety, and welfare of its residents before a disaster occurs, creating a safer, more resilient community. Using the Hayward Annex from the 2010 Multi- Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan, the General Plan, the Climate Adaptation Plan, and a FEMA Mitigation Strategies publication, staff compiled a list of mitigation strategies to address the City’s vulnerability to various hazards.
The mitigation strategies are ranked by priority level. The result of this analysis is available in Section 6 of the LRP 2021 Update and summarized in Table 1 below. For the 2021 LRP Update, staff re-evaluated and updated each strategy based on feasibility, social benefits, economic benefits, environmental impacts, and community objectives.
Table 1: Mitigation Strategies by Priority Level
Priority Level Strategy Group Strategies
Very High Organizational
Preparedness
Employee Education
Emergency Management Plan Update
Tabletop & Field Exercises
High
Fragile Housing Retrofits Single-Family Home Retrofits
Soft Story Retrofits
Public Programs
Public Education
Community Emergency Response Teams
Defensible Space Programs
Organizational
Preparedness
Communications redundancy
Diversify partnerships & MOUs
Acquire Equipment
Participate in the ABAG Regional Lifelines
Council
Collaboration to Mitigate
Sea Level Rise
Implement Adapting to Rising Tides
Multiagency Support
SR-92 Study
Planning
Recovery Plan
Shoreline Realignment Plan
Hayward Executive Airport Seismic
Evaluation
Moderate
Hazardous Materials
Programs
Hazardous Materials Response Team
Hazardous Materials Fee Study
Fragile Housing Retrofits Mobile Home Retrofits
Environmental Programs
Expand Hayward Area Shoreline Protection
Agency (HASPA)
Renewable Emergency Energy Sources
Watershed Analysis
Hillside Landslide Mitigation
Organizational
Preparedness Mobile Command Center
Low Administrative Programs
Building Occupancy Resumption Program
911 Registry
Priority Inspection List
Several of these mitigation strategies are already in the process of implementation or completed. As staff works to implement mitigation measures over the next five years leading up to the next LHMP update, the mitigation strategies identified in the table above may be eligible for FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program funding as applicable and as it becomes available.
Environmental Review
The LRP 2021 Update identifies, analyzes, and addresses natural hazards in the City of Hayward as well as identifying strategies to mitigate, prepare for, and respond to those hazards. The LRP identified strategies that include collaboration and cooperation with other entities where Hayward may not be the Lead Agency as defined by CEQA. Some of the strategies entail projects or actions that may require CEQA review as a part of their future implementation.
Adoption of the LHMP is exempt from CEQA pursuant to the following sections of the CEQA guidelines:
• 15183 – Projects Consistent with a Community Plan or Zoning • 15262 – Feasibility and Planning Studies
• 15306 – Information Collection
• 15061(b)(3) – General Rule/No Significant Environmental Effect
FISCAL IMPACT
Adopting the LRP 2021 Update will have no immediate fiscal impact. Implementing the projects, programs, and policies listed in the Plan will have associated costs. More information on cost estimates for each mitigation strategy can be found in Section 6 of the LRP 2021 Update. Adoption of the Plan makes the City eligible to apply for mitigation grants to support and off-set the cost of implementing mitigation strategies.
SUSTAINABILITY FEATURES
The following mitigation strategies included in the LRP 2021 Update increase sustainability in addition to mitigating the effects of a natural disaster:
• Renewable Emergency Energy Sources – Relying on renewable energy sources in the event of an emergency not only prepares the City for a potential loss of power in an emergency, but ensures that long-term operation of generators does not result in excessive emissions and consumption of fossil fuels.
• Communications Redundancy - Develop hardened/redundant technology and communications systems to ensure ability to communicate internally, with the public, and with other jurisdictions in an emergency.
PUBLIC CONTACT
Throughout the development of the Local Resilience Plan, the City has worked to engage the community in the update, through the internet, social media, and via public surveys. During development of the LRP engagement activities included:
• Distributing bilingual Local Hazard Mitigation Planning flyers and initiating conversations with attendees at community events (see flyer and list of events in Appendix G and Appendix I)
• Creating a bilingual Local Hazard Mitigation Planning website explaining the update process and providing a contact form. The website was closed following completion of the 2015 update and related survey.
• Running an updated bilingual hazard mitigation priority survey (see survey questions and results in Appendix E and Appendix F)
• Engaging community leaders in conversation during community meetings throughout the planning period (see list of meetings in Appendix I) • Conducting a social media campaign through the City of Hayward Twitter, Facebook, and Nextdoor platforms, as well as through existing City mailing lists (see examples of social media posts in Appendix D)
• Flyers were made available at various locations in City Hall, at the Hayward Library, and in local schools
Staff used public feedback to determine the mitigation priorities identified in this document (see Section 6.3, Table 8). Feedback came in the form of survey results, which were reviewed by the Hayward Project Manager and the City’s consultant, Ganey Science. These results did not differ from previous 2015 public comment and resulted in no change in priorities for Hayward mitigation projects. This was likely due in part to the period of no natural disasters in the City since the previous plan.
NEXT STEPS
Should the LRP 2021 Update be adopted, staff will work to implement the mitigation strategies identified in the LRP 2021 Update. Additionally, in the year before the adopted LRP 2021 Update would expire, staff would execute the LRP update and approval process per CalOES and FEMA guidelines. The updated LRP will also be amended into Hayward’s General Plan 2040, in the Hazards Element.
Prepared by: Norma Marples, Acting Management Analyst
Recommended by: Garrett Contreras, Fire Chief
Approved by:
_________________________________
Kelly McAdoo, City Manager
ATTACHMENT II
HAYWARD CITY COUNCIL
RESOLUTION NO. 23-____
Introduced by Council Member _____________
RESOLUTION TO ADOPT T HE UPDATED HAYWARD LOCAL RESILIENCE PLAN,
FORMERLY KNOWN AS THE HAYWARD LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN , AND
FINDING THAT THE ACTION IS EXEMPT FROM CEQA REVIEW
WHEREAS, the City of Hayward resides on the Hayward Fault, a seismic fault capable of producing a major earthquake, and is therefore susceptible to earthquake -related hazards including ground shaking, liquefactions, landslides, surface rupture, and tsunamis; and,
WHEREAS, the City of Hayward is also subject to various weather -related hazards such as wildfires, drought, floods, and landslides, the frequency, duration, and intensity of which will be exacerbated as climate change progresses; and,
WHEREAS, the City Council has prioritized safety for Hayward residents and community members and the City of Hayward is committed to increasing the resilience of the infrastructure, health, housing, economy, government services, education, environment, and land use systems in the City; and,
WHEREAS, the federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 and corresponding California law requires that all cities, counties, and special districts adopt a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan to be eligible to receive state and federal disaster mitigation and recovery funding; and,
WHEREAS, u pdates to mitigation plans are required by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) every 5 years to remain eligible to receive hazard mitigation grants and fully federally funded post-disaster Public Assistance.
WHEREAS, an interdepartmental team worked to review the 2016 Hayward Local Hazard Mitigation Plan; and, subsequently renamed it to the Hayward Local Resilience Plan as part of Hayward’s forward-thinking resilience planning and serves as a guiding document for that strategy and the City’s hazard mitigation activities.
WHEREAS, minimal changes from the 2016 adopted version were made as no substantial natural disasters occurred in the 5 -year period from 2017 -2021 and minimal changes occurred in the City's disaster mitigation environment and priorities.
WHEREAS, On April 19, 2023, a new guidance document, the Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide, will go into effect which has some updated and adjusted requirements, and in order to have the plan reviewed and approved under the current 2011 guidance, all revisions and formal adoption documentation must be received prior to April 19, 2023.
ATTACHMENT II
WHEREAS, per FEMA’s Local Mitigation Planning Policy Guide a single jurisdiction is allowed to adopt the submitted plan prior to final FEMA approval, recognizing that the state and/or FEMA may require revisions to the plan that will change the plan’s final content.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Hayward h ereby approves and adopts the updated 2021 Hayward Local Resiliency Plan.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the City Council finds that this action is exempt from CEQA review pursuant to the following sections of the CEQA guidelines:
• 15183 – Projects Consistent with a Community Plan or Zoning • 15262 – Feasibility and Planning Studies
• 15306 – Information Collection
• 15061(b)(3) – General Rule/No Significant Environmental Effect
IN COUNCIL, HAYWARD, CALIFORNIA _______________________, 2023
ADOPTED BY THE FOLLOWING VOTE:
AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
MAYOR:
NOES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
ABSTAIN: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
ABSENT: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
ATTEST: ______________________________________
City Clerk of the City of Hayward
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
_________________________________________
City Attorney of the City of Hayward
City of
HAYWARD
LOCAL RESILIENCE PLAN
2021UPDATE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 TABLE OF FIGURES 4
TABLE OF TABLES 4
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5
RISK ASSESSMENT & ASSET EXPOSURE 6
EARTHQUAKE ................................................................................................................................. 6 FIRE ............................................................................................................................................... 6 LANDSLIDE ..................................................................................................................................... 6 FLOOD, TSUNAMI, AND SEA LEVEL RISE .......................................................................................... 6 DROUGHT ...................................................................................................................................... 7 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ................................................................................................................. 7 MITIGATION STRATEGIES 7
1. INTRODUCTION 9
1.1 BACKGROUND 9
1.2 DISASTER MITIGATION ACT OF 2000 & AUTHORITY 9
1.3 WHY WE VALUE HAZARD MITIGATION IN OUR COMMUNITY 10
1.4 SCOPE 10
2. PLANNING PROCESS 12
2.1 OVERVIEW OF HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING 12
2.2 PREPARING THE 2015 AND 2021 UPDATES 12
2.3 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT PROCESS 13
3. CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT 15
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3.1 EXISTING PLANS & POLICIES 15
3.2 DEPARTMENTAL MITIGATION ACTIVITIES 16
3.2.1 DEVELOPMENT SERVICES .................................................................................................... 16
3.2.2 FIRE .................................................................................................................................... 17
3.2.3 MAINTENANCE SERVICES DIVISION ....................................................................................... 18
3.2.4 PUBLIC WORKS – ENGINEERING & TRANSPORTATION ........................................................... 18
3.2.5 UTILITIES & ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES ............................................................................... 18
4. COMMUNITY PROFILE 19
4.1 AREA AT A GLANCE 19
4.2 DEMOGRAPHICS 19
4.3 ASSETS & FACILITIES 20
4.4 PAST DISASTERS 24
4.5 KEY PARTNERS 27
4.5.1 BAY AREA RAPID TRANSIT ................................................................................................... 27
4.5.2 UNION PACIFIC .................................................................................................................... 28
4.5.3 PG&E ................................................................................................................................. 29
4.5.4 SAN FRANCISCO PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION .................................................................. 30
5. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, ANALYSIS, AND
ASSESSMENT 31
5.1.1 EARTHQUAKE ...................................................................................................................... 31
5.1.2 FIRE .................................................................................................................................... 47
5.1.3 LANDSLIDES ........................................................................................................................ 54
5.1.4 FLOODS .............................................................................................................................. 56
5.1.5 DROUGHT ............................................................................................................................ 66
5.1.6 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RELEASE ....................................................................................... 69
6. MITIGATION & ADAPTATION STRATEGY 72
6.1 INTRODUCTION 72
6.2 ANALYSIS OF MITIGATION MEASURES 72
6.2.1 NEW MITIGATION PROJECTS ................................................................................................ 73
6.3 MITIGATION STRATEGIES & IMPLEMENTATION 75
6.3.1 MULTIPLE HAZARDS ............................................................................................................. 78
6.3.2 EARTHQUAKES .................................................................................................................... 90
6.3.3 FIRE .................................................................................................................................... 96
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6.3.4 LANDSLIDE ........................................................................................................................ 100
6.3.5 FLOODING, TSUNAMI, & SEA LEVEL RISE ............................................................................ 101
6.3.6 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS .................................................................................................... 108
7. PLAN MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES 111
7.1 IMPLEMENTATION AND UPDATES 111
7.1.1 IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................................................... 111
7.1.2 NEXT UPDATE ................................................................................................................... 111
7.2 MONITORING/EVALUATION 112
7.3 CONTINUED PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT 112
GLOSSARY 113
APPENDICES 115
APPENDIX A: PARTICIPATING STAFF 115
APPENDIX B: MEETING ROSTERS & TIMELINE 117
APPENDIX C: MEETING AGENDAS 128
APPENDIX D: SOCIAL MEDIA POSTS & EMAIL REPORT 135
APPENDIX E: SURVEY 138
APPENDIX F: SURVEY RESULTS 143
APPENDIX H: WEBSITE 171
APPENDIX J: PUBLIC COMMENT PERIOD 174
APPENDIX K: UPDATES TO 2015 LHMP STRATEGIES 178
APPENDIX L: MITIGATION STRATEGY EVALUATION FORM 191
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TABLE OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: ALQUIST-PRIOLO FAULT ZONES .................................................................................... 33 FIGURE 2: HAYWARD FAULT NORTH & SOUTH M7.0 SCENARIO SHAKEMAP .................................... 38 FIGURE 3: HAYWARD FAULT SOUTH M6.8 SCENARIO SHAKEMAP ................................................... 39 FIGURE 4:HAYWARD FAULT NORTH & SOUTH M7.0 SCENARIO LIQUEFACTION HAZARD .................. 42 FIGURE 5: HAYWARD FAULT SOUTH M6.8 SCENARIO LIQUEFACTION HAZARD ................................ 43 FIGURE 6: EARTHQUAKE-RELATED LIQUEFACTION & LANDSCAPE HAZARD IN HAYWARD ................. 44 FIGURE 7: TSUNAMI COASTAL EVACUATION ZONE ......................................................................... 46 FIGURE 8: HIGH FIRE HAZARD IN HAYWARD AREA ......................................................................... 49 FIGURE 9: CLIMATE CHANGE INFLUENCE ON FIRE RISK .................................................................. 53 FIGURE 10: RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDE HAZARD IN THE CITY OF HAYWARD .............................. 59 FIGURE 11: FLOOD ZONES IN THE CITY OF HAYWARD .................................................................... 62 FIGURE 12: SEA LEVEL RISE INUNDATION IN THE CITY OF HAYWARD .............................................. 67 FIGURE 13:CALIFORNIA DROUGHT (DEC.2021) IN WATERSHEDS THE BAY AREA RELIES ON ........... 68
TABLE OF TABLES
TABLE 1: MITIGATION STRATEGIES BY PRIORITY LEVEL .................................................................... 8 TABLE 2: EXISTING MITIGATION-RELATED PLANS & POLICIES ......................................................... 15 TABLE 3: CITY OF HAYWARD FACILITIES LIST ................................................................................. 20 TABLE 4: NOTABLE CALIFORNIA DROUGHTS .................................................................................. 26 TABLE 5: MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY (MMI) SCALE ................................................................. 36 TABLE 6: CRITICAL CITY ASSETS IN HAYWARD HILLS ..................................................................... 50 TABLE 7: REGIONAL SEA LEVEL RISE PROJECTIONS RELATIVE TO YEAR 2000 FOR THE CALIFORNIA COAST SOUTH OF CAPE MENDOCINO ..................................................................................... 58 TABLE 8: MATRIX SHOWING COMBINATIONS OF SEA LEVEL RISE AND EXTREME TIDE LEVEL ............ 65 TABLE 9: MITIGATION STRATEGIES BY PRIORITY ............................................................................ 77
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The U.S. Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 calls for localities to produce and adopt Local Hazard Mitigation Plans (LHMP) in order to receive hazard mitigation grants and fully federally funded post-disaster Public Assistance. In 2015 an interdepartmental team participated in a regional effort to update Local Hazard Mitigation Plans led by the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG). One result of that regional effort was the 2015 Hayward LHMP (completed in 2016).
This 2021 document is the required five year update of the original Hayward LHMP and is also referred to as the Hayward Resilience Plan.
The purpose of this LHMP update, now called the City of Hayward Local Resilience Plan (LRP), is to assess hazard risk and asset vulnerability in the City of Hayward and use that information to identify strategies to reduce future losses from natural hazards. The Local Resilience Plan was renamed as part of Hayward’s forward-thinking resilience planning and serves as a guiding document for that strategy and the City’s hazard mitigation activities. It was developed in fulfillment of and alignment with the City Council’s “Safe” priority and informed by General Plan Safety Element and Hazards Element goals.
This LRP update contains the same format and background information found in the original 2015 Hayward LHMP as much of that document remained relevant. There are; however, substantial updates to the City’s proposed mitigation projects and those updates are highlighted in the pages of mitigation project tables of this 2021 Local Resilience Plan.
The appendix materials from the original Hayward LHMP remain largely intact as they tell the story of the development of this Plan. Updates are provided at the end of each appendix where relevant. Updates to facts and figures, natural disaster risk, and disaster mitigation priorities have been made throughout the document. Maps and figures have been updated and enlarged for clarity.
The 2021 Local Resilience Plan effort was led by the Hayward Fire Department. A full list of the City’s update team is provided in Section 2 of this Plan.
To prepare this document, LRP update team members completed the following tasks:
• Reviewed the previous LHMP: team members reviewed the 2015 Hayward LHMP to report on the City’s progress since 2015 on implementing the plan’s mitigation strategies, and to update the plan with any new information since that previous version.
• Engaged community members and stakeholders: the team reached out to the community through social media, an updated online survey, and online community meetings. In 2016 representatives from the Hayward planning team attended ABAG’s LHMP update workshops and worked with ABAG staff and the East Bay Corridors Initiative group.
• Evaluated the City’s risk by mapping hazard exposure and vulnerable assets: using GIS data, the team performed updated mapping of the city’s exposure to hazards and identified vulnerable asserts in the affected areas.
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• Selected and prioritized mitigation strategies: based on the risk and vulnerability analysis and careful consideration of each strategy, the team developed a prioritized list of mitigation strategies for the City of Hayward to implement over the next 5 years.
The following sections summarize the results of the team’s risk assessment and mitigation strategy prioritization efforts. For further information about the plan update process, please see Section 2 of the Local Resilience Plan.
RISK ASSESSMENT & ASSET EXPOSURE
The basis of hazard mitigation planning is reliable, relevant data about the probability and location of potential hazards in the City of Hayward. Using data from state and federal agencies provided by the ABAG, the City’s LRP team updated maps of the City’s exposure to earthquake, fire, landslide, flooding, tsunami, sea level rise, drought, and hazardous materials hazards.
These maps and a detailed discussion of Hayward’s exposure to risk and specific vulnerabilities are included in Section 5 of the Local resilience Plan. Fortunately, none of these natural disasters had significant impacts on the City since the 2015 LHMP. A brief summary of the City’s exposure to each hazard is available below.
Earthquake
Hayward is exposed to ground shaking, liquefaction, surface rupture, and landslides from seismic activity along the Hayward Fault, San Andreas Fault, San Gregorio Fault, and other Bay Area faults. The hills are susceptible to earthquake-induced landslides, while the flatlands are at risk of liquefaction. Tsunami and fire following an earthquake also threaten the city. According to the University of California at Berkeley Seismology Lab the Hayward Fault has a 31.7% chance of rupturing in a 6.7 magnitude earthquake or greater in the next 26 years. A major earthquake along the Hayward Fault would be particularly catastrophic.
Fire
The Hayward Hills are at risk of wildland-urban interface fire. Dry grassland adjacent to residential properties and the seasonal Diablo winds can result in large, rapidly spreading fires that cause widespread damage to hillside properties.
Landslide
Rain-induced and earthquake-induced landslides may occur on Hayward’s hillsides. Extreme wet-dry cycles expected as a result of climate change may exacerbate the risk of these landslides.
Flood, Tsunami, and Sea Level Rise
Hayward’s shoreline, while protected by extensive wetlands, is at risk of inundation from tsunamis, floods, and rising sea levels. Infrastructure along the shoreline will be more frequently, and eventually permanently, inundated as the sea level rises. In especially severe floods and at sea levels above 5 feet, residential and industrial parts of South Hayward adjacent to Don Edwards National Wildlife Preserve and Ward Creek are also at risk of flooding.
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Drought
Regional and statewide droughts affect the entire city and are likely to become much more common as climate change progresses.
Hazardous Materials
Hayward is home to nearly 1000 businesses throughout the city that house various hazardous materials. Hazardous materials are not a natural hazard covered by FEMA’s HMGP; however, hazardous materials have the potential to become a crucial complicating factor in emergency situations and are therefore covered in this LRP. Flooding, earthquakes, and fires can all cause or be exacerbated by hazardous materials release.
MITIGATION STRATEGIES
The ultimate goal of hazard mitigation planning is to identify and implement policies, projects, and programs that prevent or lower the risk of damage and loss of life when a disaster strikes.
Using the 2015 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, the General Plan, the Climate Adaptation Plan, and a FEMA Mitigation Strategies publication, staff compiled a list of mitigation strategies to address the City’s vulnerability to various hazards.
Update team members evaluated each strategy based on feasibility, social benefits, economic benefits, environmental impacts, and community objectives. The mitigation strategies were then ranked by priority level. The results of this analysis are available in Section 6 of the Plan and summarized in Table 1 below. The City’s mitigation priorities have remained the same as identified in the 2015 LHMP as conditions have remained largely the same, with no new disasters occurring and steady progress being made on most of the mitigation strategies.
Overall, the planning team prioritized organizational preparedness, which would mitigate the effects of and improve the City’s preparedness and response for all of the disasters discussed in this Plan. Seismically retrofitting fragile housing, working with partner organizations to address sea level rise along the shoreline, and public programs to empower residents and community members to prepare for and respond to hazards also rated highly.
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Table 1: Mitigation Strategies by Priority Level
Priority Level Strategy Group Strategies
Very High Organizational
Preparedness
Employee Education
Emergency Management Plan Update
Tabletop & Field Exercises
High
Fragile Housing Retrofits Single-Family Home Retrofits
Soft Story Retrofits
Public Programs
Public Education
Community Emergency Response Teams
Defensible Space Programs
Organizational
Preparedness
Communications redundancy
Diversify partnerships & MOUs
Acquire Equipment
Participate in the ABAG Regional Lifelines
Council
Collaboration to Mitigate Sea
Level Rise
Implement Adapting to Rising Tides
Multiagency Support
SR-92 Study
Planning
Recovery Plan
Shoreline Realignment Plan
Hayward Executive Airport Seismic
Evaluation
Moderate
Hazardous Materials
Programs
Hazardous Materials Response Team
Hazardous Materials Fee Study
Fragile Housing Retrofits Mobile Home Retrofits
Environmental Programs
Expand Hayward Area Shoreline Protection
Agency (HASPA)
Renewable Emergency Energy Sources
Watershed Analysis
Hillside Landslide Mitigation
Organizational
Preparedness Mobile Command Center
Low Administrative Programs
Building Occupancy Resumption Program
911 Registry
Priority Inspection List
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
In 2010, Hayward participated in the Association of Bay Area Governments’ Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Planning effort. Since then, the City has achieved many of the goals laid out in the 2010 plan, which expired in March of 2016. In 2016, the City prepared its own, single- jurisdiction Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP), which was called the 2015 LHMP and has now been updated by this current document – the 2021 LHMP Update/Local Resilience Plan.
Acknowledging the certainty of a natural hazard in our City, and in fulfillment of the City Council’s formal prioritization of safety in Hayward, this plan prioritizes the hazard mitigation activities the City of Hayward plans to take over the next five years, building on the comprehensive mitigation projects identified in the 2015 LHMP.
This LHMP Update contains the same format and background information found in the original 2015 Hayward LHMP as much of that document remained relevant. There are; however, substantial updates to the City’s proposed mitigation projects and those updates are highlighted in the pages of mitigation project tables that start at Section 6.3.1 of this 2021 Local Resilience Plan. Minimal new development activities have occurred in Hayward, a heavily built-out city, in the past 5 years and no new exposures to natural disasters have been identified beyond the multiple risks and exposures identified in the previous LHMP. Overall, vulnerability has decreased or remained the same due to the mitigation performed to date (e.g. seismic retrofits, wildfire defensible space projects). New developments are shown on the City Planning Department’s Development dashboard website (https://maps.hayward-ca.gov/devsvcdash/).
Fortunately, none of these natural disasters had significant impacts on the City since the 2015 LHMP. The focus of the past five years has been working on the many mitigation projects already identified for Hayward, with one new mitigation project identified in Section 6.2.1. The progress on all of the City’s mitigation projects is shown in Section 6.3.
Hazard mitigation is sustained actions taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to life and property from hazards. The strategies contained in this plan build toward creating a safer, more resilient Hayward, and prevent natural hazards from doing devastating damage to our City.
1.2 DISASTER MITIGATION ACT OF 2000 & AUTHORITY
This plan has been developed in accordance with and with the authority granted by the U.S.
Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, which amended the Stafford Act to require state, local, and tribal governments to develop and submit hazard mitigation plans for approval by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Under the Disaster Mitigation Act, plans must describe the processes for identifying natural hazards, risks, and vulnerabilities of the jurisdiction. Localities that approve and adopt a hazard mitigation plan are eligible for FEMA mitigation grants, points toward the National Flood Insurance Program Community Rating System, and a waiver of Public Assistance matching funds requirements.
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The City of Hayward has prepared this Local Resilience Plan for the incorporated City of Hayward. Though unincorporated areas of Alameda County may benefit from the Local Resilience Plan by receiving services from the Hayward Fire Department, the plan focuses on mitigation strategies that address hazards, exposure, and vulnerabilities within the city limits.
1.3 WHY WE VALUE HAZARD MITIGATION IN OUR COMMUNITY
Hayward’s rolling hills and beautiful shoreline are some of its best natural features and a daily reminder of the hazards that can affect our community. City residents, business owners, community members, staff, and leaders are eminently aware of the threat that exists in our city.
The Hayward City Council specifically prioritizes making and keeping the city safe, clean, green, and thriving. Hazard mitigation is an essential part of achieving those goals – especially ensuring the City’s safety, and helping the City thrive following a natural hazard. In the 2014 General Plan update, goals for the City also emerged in visioning and planning conversations with residents and community members. These goals included elements specific to hazard mitigation, summarized here:
• Hayward shall have safe and clean neighborhoods that encourage long-term residency • Hayward shall develop and enhance its utility, communications, and technology infrastructure; and provide exceptional police, fire, and emergency services • Hayward shall preserve, enhance, increase, and connect its baylands, hillsides, greenway trails, and regional parks to protect environmental resources, mitigate the impacts of rising sea levels, and provide opportunities to live an active outdoor lifestyle.
Taking guidance from the City Council’s priorities and the General Plan, the Hazard Mitigation planning team selected the strategies laid out in this plan to preserve the lives, property, and prosperity of Hayward residents in the event of a natural hazard by lessening the impact of the hazard on buildings, City infrastructure, and people. In service of this goal, our priorities were as follows:
1. Protect the lives of members of the Hayward community.
2. Preserve and maintain functional City property and structures.
3. Maintain the consistent quality delivery of essential City services on which our residents depend.
4. Facilitate timely and holistic citywide recovery following a hazard.
1.4 SCOPE
The scope of this Local Resilience Plan addresses and lays out mitigation strategies for natural hazards that may occur in the incorporated City of Hayward and the effects of climate change on those hazards. The Local Resilience Plan also includes strategies for hazardous materials management in the context of natural disasters. The hazards included in this plan are:
• Earthquake
• Fire
• Landslide
• Flood
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• Drought
• Hazardous Materials
It should be noted that this LRP update was prepared after nearly two years of the Covid-19 infectious disease pandemic. The City of Hayward Fire Department played a key role in the East Bay Region operating Covid-19 testing and vaccination centers in conjunction with local non-profit groups and medical institutions. Although some municipal governments have begun including pandemics in their LHMPs, infectious disease is not currently a hazard covered by the FEMA HMGP and is not being included in Hayward’s LHMP Update. Pandemic mitigation and response may be addressed by the City in a future document.
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2. PLANNING PROCESS
2.1 OVERVIEW OF HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING
Hazard Mitigation Planning entails identifying the risk of various hazards in the planning area, determining which assets are exposed to those hazards and their level of vulnerability to damage as a result of that exposure, and selecting and prioritizing strategies for mitigating and preventing that vulnerability. These strategies can be drawn from or incorporated into land use plans, building codes, and other City policies to promote their implementation.
Hazard Mitigation Planning enables the City of Hayward to fulfill its responsibility to protect the health, safety, and welfare of its residents before a disaster occurs, creating a safer, more resilient community.
2.2 PREPARING THE 2015 AND 2021 UPDATES
In 2015 the City of Hayward began the 2015 plan update in May by attending ABAG’s Community Engagement for Resiliency Planners workshop. Development Services Director David Rizk facilitated a kick-off meeting among staff members who had been or whose predecessors had been involved in the 2010 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan process.
From that meeting, two staff members from the City Manager’s Office were tasked with managing the project. Department heads assigned key staff members to participate in the planning process. A full roster of participating staff members is available in Appendix A.
Thereafter, staff members were assigned to specific tasks in the plan, and meetings were held with each working group to coordinate and collaborate on each task – community engagement, risk assessment, and mitigation strategies. The mitigation strategies working group was further divided into hazard-specific teams tasked with identifying, evaluating and prioritizing relevant strategies drawn from the General Plan, the previous LHMP, the Climate Action Plan, neighboring jurisdictions, and FEMA’s Mitigation Ideas planning resource. A timeline of these meetings, agendas, and rosters of working group members can be found in Appendix B and Appendix C.
In addition to these working group meetings, the plan was updated through ad hoc collaboration and conversations between team members. Each department prepared an update on their mitigation activities since the previous plan update (See Appendix K), discussed potential mitigation projects not included in the previous plan, and provided input and comment on the community engagement plan and risk assessment. The 2015 LHMP was adopted by Hayward City Council on November 29, 2016.
The 2021 update effort was reduced since the 2015 update was the first City-only LHMP. A project kick-off meeting explaining the impetus and timeline driving the plan update was held in July 2021. The Fire Department took the lead in the 2021 and coordinated with other City department leads as needed to update existing conditions and hazard mitigation priorities.
Shanalee Gallagher, Fire Department Grants and Budget Manager was the Local Resilience Plan Update lead. The following additional City staff actively participated in the 2021 update:
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• Paul Wheeler, Emergency Services Officer;
• Don Nichelson, Hayward Fire Department Public Information Officer; • Eric Vollmer, Deputy Fire Chief;
• Mike Hildebrand, Battalion Chief (radio expert);
• Erik Pearson, Environmental Services Manager;
• Bryan Matthews, Deputy Police Chief;
• Monica Davis, Community Services Manager;
• Jessica Lobedan, Management Analyst;
• Laurel James, Management Analyst (lead author of 2015 LHMP); • Omar Noozad, Acting Building Official;
• Pamela Syrdlin, Airport Operations Supervisor;
• Brianne Elizarrey, City Public Information Officer;
• Miles Massone, Fire Marshal;
• Hugh Murphy, Hazardous Materials Coordinator;
• Taylor Richard, Assistant Planner; and
• Garrett Contreras, Fire Chief.
Staff will submit the 2021 local resilience plan update to city council following Cal OES and FEMA approval.
2.3 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT PROCESS
Throughout the development of the Local Resilience Plan, the City has worked to engage the community in the update, through the internet, social media, and via public surveys. During development of the LRP engagement activities included:
• Distributing bilingual Local Hazard Mitigation Planning flyers and initiating conversations with attendees at community events (see flyer and list of events in Appendix G and Appendix I)
• Creating a bilingual Local Hazard Mitigation Planning website explaining the update process and providing a contact form. The website was closed following completion of the 2015 update and related survey.
• Running an updated bilingual hazard mitigation priority survey (see survey questions and results in Appendix E and Appendix F)
• Engaging community leaders in conversation during community meetings throughout the planning period (see list of meetings in Appendix I)
• Conducting a social media campaign through the City of Hayward Twitter, Facebook, and Nextdoor platforms, as well as through existing City mailing lists (see examples of social media posts in Appendix D)
• Flyers were made available at various locations in City Hall, at the Hayward Library, and in local schools
Public feedback was taken into account in determining the mitigation priorities identified in this document (see Section 6.3, Table 8). Feedback came in the form of survey results, reviewed by the Hayward Project Manager (S. Gallagher) and the City’s consultant Ganey Science. These results did not differ from previous 2015 public comment and resulted in no change in priorities for Hayward mitigation projects. This was likely due in part to the period of no natural disasters in the City since the previous plan.
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There are multiple potential disasters which are all of a concern to citizens; and the City has worked to address all of them in this Plan. The Hayward Fault and earthquakes were frequently cited by the public as priority concerns. Future LHMP/Resilience Plan updates will continue to include opportunities for community involvement and public input on improvements for disaster mitigation is welcome on an ongoing basis.
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3. CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT
Per the General Plan and the City Council’s state priority of creating a Safe Hayward, staff members throughout the City organization incorporate mitigation into their everyday activities.
Mitigation is important to the Hayward community – located directly on an eponymous fault with a beautiful view of San Francisco Bay, our residents, elected officials, and City staff are all acutely aware of the need to anticipate and prepare for the effects of future disasters. In a resource constrained environment, the City leverages partnerships, uses ingenuity, pursues funding opportunities, and develops multipurpose programs to achieve its mitigation goals.
3.1 EXISTING PLANS & POLICIES
The following plans, policies, and documents related to hazard mitigation exist in the City of Hayward and were reviewed and incorporated into the plan. With the exception of the Adapting to Rising Tides study, all items on the list have been adopted and implemented.
Table 2: Existing Mitigation-Related Plans & Policies
Plan or Policy Date Notes
Adapting to Rising Tides
Hayward Shoreline
Resilience Study
2015 Analyzes the effects of sea level rise on the Hayward shoreline and makes recommendations for mitigation
and adaptation.
Capital Improvements Plan 2022 Includes funding for disaster preparedness exercises and seismic retrofitting of City infrastructure.
General Plan 2014 Relevant sections:
Land Use and Community Character Element
Safety Element
Natural Resources Element
Hazards Element
Public Facilities and Services Element
Building Code 2019 Current codes:
2019 California Building Code Part 1 and the two
volumes of Part 2
2019 California Residential Building Code Part 2.5
2019 California Historical Building Code Part 8
2019 California Existing Building Code Part 10
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2019 California Green Building Standards Code Part
11 Used as reference:
2021 International Code for Property Maintenance
based on the 2021 International Building Code and
2021 International Residential Code
Hazardous Materials Area
Plan
2013 Describes the city’s pre-incident planning and
preparedness; clarifies the roles and responsibilities of federal, state and local agencies; and describes the
City’s hazardous materials program, training,
communication and post-incident recovery procedures
in fulfillment of state law and the Certified Unified
Program Agency requirements.
Comprehensive Emergency
Management Plan
2009 Describes function, structure, and procedures of the City’s Emergency Operations Center and plans for
continuity of services and government.
Floodplain Management
Ordinance
2008 Implements the Cobey-Alquist Flood Plain
Management Act and complies with the eligibility
requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program.
Hayward Executive Airport
Master Plan
2002 Examines airport service area, forecasts aviation
demand, and plans for facilities expansions and
improvements.
Hillside Design and
Urban/Wildlife Interface
Guidelines
1993 Requires that all hillside developments protect and preserve important environmental resources and
significant natural features in the hills, and ensures that hillside developments incorporate public safety
measures relating to fire defensibility and access.
3.2 DEPARTMENTAL MITIGATION ACTIVITIES
Additionally, the programs and policies listed below represent a selection of department-specific policies and programs. There are few resources to expand these activities at this time.
3.2.1 Development Services
• Waives plan check fees for Brace and Bolt-type retrofits using Plan Set A. • Requires site-specific geological reports for development on landslide areas and along fault traces.
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• Regulates construction in flood zones to comply with National Flood Insurance Program Community Rating System.
• Oversaw the retrofit or demolition of all unreinforced masonry buildings in the city. • Requires simultaneous retrofit during reconstruction and repair following disaster. • Provide continuing education classes on retrofitting and Plan Set A to staff. • Ensures development near faults with a history of complex surface rupture has setback of greater than 50 feet.
• Updated the General Plan to include best practices for earthquake, landslide, and fire safety, address sea level rise and flooding, and commit to renewable energy and climate adaptation practices.
3.2.2 Fire
• Employs a full-time Emergency Management Specialist to coordinate Citywide emergency mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery efforts • Operates the Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program. • Participates in inter-jurisdictional information sharing & attendance at hazard conferences, events, and workshops.
• Requires new structures in fire-threatened communities to incorporate fire-resistant materials and design.
• Develops adequate evacuation plans for fire-threatened areas. • Creates and identifies model properties demonstrating defensible space and structural survivability in wildland-urban interface or fire threatened communities – specifically, Fire Station 8 and the Stonebrae residential development.
• Requires all new developments that house or include hazardous materials to be graded above Flood Zone A.
• Enforces compliance with California Certified Unified Program Agency hazardous materials requirements.
• Provides information on hazardous materials disposal and drop-off locations to the public.
• Monitors weather during times of high fire risk.
• Works with major employers and hazardous materials agencies to coordinate mitigation. • Requires either fire sprinklers or smoke detectors in all developments. • Establishes memorandum of understanding (MOU) agreements with other local agencies to provide shelter and supplies in an emergency. • Manages vegetation, including chipping, mechanical fuel reduction equipment, goats, selective harvesting, and controlled burning.
• Encourages private landowners to participate in building elevation programs within the floodplain.
• Applies floodplain management regulations for private developments in the floodplain/floodway.
• Establishes requirements for repair and re-occupancy of historically significant structures, including shoring and stabilization, consultation with a preservationist, and expedited permits.
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3.2.3 Maintenance Services Division
• Provides information, sandbags, and plastic sheeting to residents and businesses at multiple locations in advance of a rainstorm and delivers to vulnerable populations upon request.
• Maintains stormwater infrastructure, pipelines, and waterways to minimize flooding. • Prioritizes energy efficiency and recycling throughout city facilities. • Retrofits and replaces vulnerable critical facilities. • Installs and maintains emergency generators at city facilities.
3.2.4 Public Works – Engineering & Transportation
• Uses water management ordinances to control erosion and sedimentation. (Municipal Code Ch. 10, Article 8 - Grading and Clearing)
• Ensures critical intersection traffic lights function following loss of power.
3.2.5 Utilities & Environmental Services
• Replaces or retrofits structurally deficient water retention structures. • Provides materials to the public related to coping with disrupted storm drains, sewage lines, and wastewater treatment beyond statutory requirements. • Includes the vulnerability to ground failure in criteria used for determining a pipeline replacement schedule.
• Determines the vulnerability of wastewater treatment plants to flooding and takes mitigation measures.
• Increases the use of clean, alternative energy at the Water Pollution Control Facility through installation of solar panels and cogeneration technology. • Installs specially-engineered pipelines in areas vulnerable to earthquakes, portable facilities to allow pipelines to bypass failure zones, and earthquake-resistant connections where pipes enter or exit bridges.
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4. COMMUNITY PROFILE
4.1 AREA AT A GLANCE
Hayward is a mid-sized, culturally diverse community that is centrally located within the San Francisco Bay Area. The city is located in Alameda County, California, on the eastern shore of the San Francisco Bay, 25 miles southeast of San Francisco, 14 miles south of Oakland, 26 miles north of San Jose, and 10 miles west of the Livermore Valley. The City covers an area of approximately 63.7 square miles ranging from the shore of the Bay eastward toward the Hayward hills. The Hayward Fault traverses through the City along the base of the hillside.
Hayward continues to plan for the future, maintaining a balance between the needs of our diverse residents and a growing business community. Hayward’s Growth Management Strategy, designed with input from citizens, balances the needs of the City’s growing population with the preservation of open space, and the need for economic development.
4.2 DEMOGRAPHICS
Hayward has a total population of 162,954. With a median age of just 34.6 years, the City enjoys a population that is younger than the national median by 3.9 years.
By census figures, Hayward is the second most diverse city in the state of California, with large African American, Latino and Asian populations, among others. The percentage of residents who speak a pr imary language other than English (59.5%) is significantly higher than the state average (4 4.2%), and the percentage of residents with a bachelor’s degree or higher (2 7.7%) is below the Alameda County average. Per the U.S. Census Bureau, from 2015- 2019, Ha yward’s median household income was $86,744 and the median value of owner-occupied housing units was $581,200.
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4.3 ASSETS & FACILITIES
Hayward City assets and facilities are identified in Table 3, below. Section 5 also identifies City assets that are located in the portions of the city that are especially vulnerable to wildfire and landslide hazards; that is the eastern Hayward Hills, which are more heavily vegetated (i.e., wildfire vulnerable) and steeply sloped (i.e., landslide vulnerable).
Table 3: City of Hayward Facilities List
Facility Address Year
Built Sq. Ft. Retrofit
? Function & Notes
Hayward Animal
Shelter 16 Barnes Ct. 1969 75,000 N The animal shelter structure is home to the City’s animal services.
Cinema Place
Garage 22631 Foothill Blvd. 2007 91,100 N Parking structure with 244 spaces.
City Center Garage 22332 Foothill Blvd. 1983 112,500 N Unused parking structure containing 700 spaces.
Damaged in Loma Prieta earthquake.
City Hall Garage 22600 Watkins St. 1998 112,500 N Parking structure with 481 spaces located across the street from City Hall.
City Hall 777 B St. 1997 104,100 N
Used for offices and assemblies, including City
Council meetings, and built to withstand a major
earthquake on the Hayward Fault
Fire Station #1 22700 Main St. 1996 14,000 N
In addition to being an operating station, Fire
Station 1 houses secondary offices for the Fire
Chief and Battalion Chiefs.
Fire Station #2 360 West Harder Rd. 1955 4,650 Y Retrofitted to critical facilities standards.
Fire Station #3 31982 Medinah St. 1957 3,320 Y Retrofitted to critical facilities standards.
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Fire Station #4 27836 Loyola Ave. 1956 3,949 Y Retrofitted to critical facilities standards.
Fire Station #5 28595 Hayward Blvd. 1976 4,300 Y Retrofitted to critical facilities standards.
Fire Station #6 &
Training Center 1401 West Winton Ave. 1975 10,525 Y
Fire Station 6 includes a Training Center used by
the City of Hayward and many other fire agencies
in Alameda County. Additionally, houses
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Coordinator
as well as EMS supplies and EMS training.
Retrofitted to critical facilities standards.
Fire Station #7 28270 Huntwood Ave.
2015 13,124 N, New
Fire Station 7 houses both a traditional fire
station, and a clinic run by the Tiburcio Vasquez
Health Center. Both buildings are new
construction, built to modern seismic safety
standards.
Fire Station Clinic 28300 Huntwood Ave.
Fire Station #8 (Old) 24200 Fairview Ave. 1938
1975 3,500 Y No longer an operating fire station; primarily used as storage space for documents.
Fire Station #8 (New) 25862 Five Canyons
Pkway 2000 5,600 N Built to critical facilities standards.
Fire Station #9 24912 Second St. 1998 3,000 N Built to critical facilities standards.
Former Hayward
Area Historical
Society Building
22701 Main St. 1926 6,000 N
Houses items belonging to the Hayward Area
Historical Society as well as a small satellite
police station.
Main Library 835 C St. 1950 20,300 N
Will be demolished and was replaced by the new
21st Century Library and Heritage Plaza,
completed in 2018.
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21st Century Library &
Heritage Plaza Mission Blvd. at C St. 2018 58,200 Most environmentally sustainable public project ever constructed in Hayward..
Weekes Branch
Library 27300 Patrick Ave. 1964 8,600 N A branch of the Hayward library.
Police Department
HQ 300 West Winton Ave. 1975 41,128 Y Built to critical facilities standards.
Corp Yard 24505 Soto Rd. 1964
10,530
7,380
N
The corp yard is home to equipment
maintenance, streets, fleet, and landscape
management facilities and staff.
Water Pollution
Source Control 24499 Soto Rd. 1960 14,000 N
Utilities operations and maintenance and water
pollution source control staff and equipment are
located in this building.
Water Pollution
Control Facility 3700 Enterprise Way 1952 300
acres Y
The WPCF is comprised of many different
structures and facilities. In addition to water
processing facilities, solar panels and a
cogeneration operation at this location produce
renewable energy to both power the plant and
return to the grid.
Executive Airport 20301 Skywest Dr. -- 543
acres N
The Hayward Executive Airport is comprised of
many different structures, including hangars and
an administration building, as well as two
runways and a helipad.
Garin Radio Building
Garin Regional Park
1320 Garin Ave.
2007 525 N
Small portable building on concrete slab housing
communications equipment in the Hayward hills.
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Walpert Radio
Building 1975 525 N Small portable building on concrete slab housing communications equipment in the Hayward hills.
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4.4 PAST DISASTERS
Since the adoption of the 2010 Annex and the 2015 LHMP, there has been no major hazardous event in Hayward. However, absence of a major event does not absolve the City from the threat of a natural hazard. Hayward continues to be very susceptible to several types of natural hazards, most notably earthquakes, flooding, and associated landslides.
4.4.1 EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS
The Bay Area is very well known for its exposure to earthquake hazards. Major faults intersect every Bay Area county. 97 of the 101 Bay Area Cities lie within ten miles of a major earthquake fault line
1. For Hayward, it is the fault named for the City that threatens the way of life for our residents. The Hayward fault divides the City and is close in proximity to several major transportation and public transit infrastructure networks including Bay Area Rapid Transit, Amtrak, and the Route 238 and the Route 92 corridors.
In 1868, Hayward was the epicenter of a 6.8-7.0 magnitude earthquake which brought significant damage to Hayward, especially in the downtown district and throughout Alameda County. The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake also caused severe damage to the City, including jeopardizing the structural integrity of the then Hayward City Hall, known as the City Center Building today.
A repeat of the 1868 earthquake could cause economic losses (including damage to buildings and contents, business interruption, and living expenses) exceeding $120 billion, with more than 90% of both residential and commercial losses being uninsured. Also, damage to infrastructure and other long-term economic effects could substantially increase the total losses.
Disaster in Hayward’s recent past has been relatively limited. Therefore, the Hayward Fire Department has not as of yet, experienced a significant incident that has impacted the city beyond normal mutual aid capabilities due to an earthquake. Hayward Fire Department responded to incidents resulting from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake but the City was not severely impacted. The City of Hayward did not have any reported injuries, deaths or displacements of residents or businesses. Damage sustained to homes and businesses was minor. However, Hayward City Hall sustained damage and City Hall operations were moved to temporary offices in anticipation of the completion of the current City Hall that was completed in 1998.
4.4.2 FIRE HAZARDS
The Hayward Hills is susceptible to urban wildfires. The City of Hayward has not experienced occurrences of major natural disasters over the past 10 years. However, one of the most common threats in the City of Hayward is hillside urban wildfires. On August 2, 2011, the Hayward Fire Department requested mutual aid to suppress a vegetation fire in the Hayward Hills just southeast of the Stonebrae Country Club. Two fixed winged aircraft, and two helicopters from Cal-Fire and East Bay Regional Parks Department responded via air with dozers and hand crews on the ground coming from Hollister and Santa Clara. The
1 Bay Area Risk Landscapes, Pg 7
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Alameda County Fire Department brought equipment and personnel into the Hayward Fire stations to backfill. This is the most significant incident that has occurred within the past 10 year period.
Hayward Fire Department responded to mutual aid requests to assist with the 1991 Oakland Hills fire in addition to other significant mutual aid emergencies outside the City of Hayward. Mutual aid provided by Hayward Fire Department during California wildfires alone, provided over 2,000 hours of firefighting outside of Hayward impacting local emergency callback for Hayward personnel and possible coverage for residents.
4.4.3 LANDSLIDE
The eastern section of Hayward in the hillside also has areas susceptible to landslide. The Hayward General Plan identifies slope instability areas and occasionally, following incidents of heavy rain, minor landslides will occur. Earthquakes can also trigger landslides. In addition, minor land slippage occurs under some residential structures that were constructed with engineered design features in anticipation of such events. These events do not result in Fire Department response and in very few cases were residents affected.
4.4.4 FLOODING
Hayward is susceptible to flooding. Parts of the City’s western and southern land falls within a 100 year floodplain. Localized flooding effects the City during times of heavy precipitation found in events like El Nino. In years past, El Nino events with marked impact (including “Pineapple Express” weather events of 1986, and 1997) required Hayward Fire Department to respond to flooding and landslides resulting from severe weather. These events are found on related National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and FEMA websites.
Rising sea levels will impact the occurrence of flooding in the coastal neighborhoods of Hayward. As tides rise, so will the frequency and duration of flooding.
4.4.5 DROUGHT
Since drought is a regional rather than local phenomenon, the City of Hayward has not specifically experienced drought. However, Hayward is impacted by the statewide droughts that periodically occur in California including a current drought affecting the entire state, according to the National Integrated Drought Information System. See Error! Reference source not found. below for a chronology of memorable droughts in California, including the ongoing drought.
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Table 4: Notable California Droughts
Date Area Affected
Recurrence
Interval
(years)
Notes
1917 - 1921
Statewide except
central Sierra
Nevada and north
coast.
10 to 40
Simultaneous in affected
areas, 1919- 20. Most extreme
in north.
1922 - 1926
Statewide except
central Sierra
Nevada.
20 to 40
Simultaneous in effect for
entire State only during 1924,
which was particularly severe.
1928 - 1937 Statewide >100
Simultaneously in effect for
entire State, 1929- 34.
Longest in State's history.
1943 - 1951 Statewide 20 to 80
Simultaneously in effect for
entire State, 1947- 49. Most
extreme in south.
1959 - 1962 Statewide 10 to 75 Most extreme in Sierra
Nevada and central coast.
1976 - 1977
Statewide, with the
exception of
southwestern
deserts.
>100
Second-driest 2 years in
State's history. Most severe in
northern two-thirds of State.
1986 - 1991 Statewide 10 to 40
Moderate, continuing through
1989. Most extreme in
northern Sierra Nevada.
2007 - 2009 Statewide Not available
First drought for which
statewide emergency
proclamation was issued.
2011 - 2016 Statewide Not available Most severe drought in California history.
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2020 - current Statewide Not available
All California counties under a
state drought declaration in
October 2021
4.4.6 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS RELEASE
As discussed in Section 5.1.6, Hayward’s economically robust industrial sector is also a source of potential hazardous materials release. The Hayward Executive Airport, the railroad, and I-880, the only major highway connecting the East Bay with the South Bay and a major transportation corridor, are also potential sources of hazardous materials releases from airplanes, trucks, or other vehicles transporting hazardous materials.
Several major hazardous materials incidents have occurred in Hayward, in addition to the crucial day-to-day work monitoring and cleanup of smaller releases. While none of the major releases were due to of a natural hazard, similar releases have the potential to occur during future natural hazards as a result of damage to storage tanks, valves, or other containers. Previous major incidents have included:
• August 26, 2014 – Improper mixing and disposal of hazardous materials at a site in the industrial area resulted in the evacuation of surrounding businesses and a shelter in place order that affected nearby schools.
• September 18, 1993 – A dichlorosilane vapor release near the Union City border required the evacuation of 150 people in nearby areas, and resulted in one injury. • April 9, 1980 – A train crash beneath an overpass resulted in a fire and spilled diesel fuel. Other hazardous materials were onboard the train. Approximately 10,000 gallons of diesel fuel burned in the incident.
4.5 KEY PARTNERS
In addition to services provided by the City, transportation and utilities services operated by other agencies serve the Hayward community. Rail, rapid transit, and power and gas lines run through Hayward. Additionally, the City purchases water from the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. In the event of a hazard, these agencies’ individual preparedness efforts will have an effect on Hayward.
4.5.1 Bay Area Rapid Transit
Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) is one of the San Francisco Bay Area’s most vital transportation links throughout the East Bay and between the East Bay and San Francisco, carrying an average of about 350,000 passenger trips a day prior to the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic. In 2002 BART completed a study of the earthquake vulnerability of the entire system, analyzing multiple earthquakes, predicting damage, and assessing cost- effectiveness of retrofits. This study was the most comprehensive evaluation of BART facilities since the original construction of the system. It involved one and one-half years of engineering and statistical analyses. The study also incorporated information from the 1994 Northridge, California and 1995 Kobe, Japan earthquakes.
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The results of the Seismic Vulnerability Study indicated that if the BART system was not strengthened, it would take years to restore service after a major earthquake. The study found that portions of the system most susceptible to earthquake damage included the Transbay Tube, various aerial structures, stations and equipment. The study recommended that priority be given to the Transbay Tube, where soil backfill is prone to liquefaction.
Though the consequences of liquefaction on the Tube are uncertain, a worst-case scenario could cause excessive movement of the seismic joints and structural stress that could result in significant damage. Work to upgrade the Transbay Tube seismic joints was completed in 2010. BART continues to secure the Transbay Tube to a higher level of strength against future large earthquakes.
Through its Earthquake Safety Program, BART is working to prepare the entire BART system to better withstand future earthquakes. Upgrades to the system are being funded by $980 million in General Obligation Bonds, authorized by voters in Alameda, Contra Costa, and San Francisco counties, supplemented with an additional $240 million from other sources. BART anticipates the completion of all earthquake upgrades by 2022.
BART’s investment in earthquake retrofit is strengthened by its earthquake early warning system, which can help prevent train derailments in the system by slowing or stopping trains upon notification of an earthquake. Currently, BART has a system in place, which is activated when an earthquake larger than magnitude 4 or 5 is experienced within the BART system. BART is working with UC Berkeley and others to implement a statewide earthquake early warning system. This system would issue notification to operators such as BART upon detection of P-waves. Upon notification, BART would automatically slow or stop trains within the system. The length of advance warning depends on how far away the earthquake originates.
Since 2009, the Hayward BART station, the South Hayward BART station, the Hayward station parking structure, and all elevated structures in the City of Hayward have been seismically retrofitted.
4.5.2 Union Pacific
A railroad corridor owned by Union Pacific runs along the western edge of Alameda County through the center of Hayward. The corridor is used for both passenger travel and goods movement. Amtrak owns stations along the corridor at Berkeley, Emeryville, Oakland Jack London, Oakland Coliseum, and Hayward with multiple daily passenger trips between Sacramento and San Jose. Rail lines are vulnerable to track damage in a number of natural hazard events.
In earthquakes, liquefaction, lateral spreading, and landslides cause damage to tracks.
Along the Alameda portion of the tracks there is potential for liquefaction and lateral spreading to occur at multiple locations, primarily due to the tracks’ proximity to the bay shoreline. North of Alameda County the corridor passes through landslide hazard zones in Contra Costa County. Damage to the corridor at any point would interrupt service along the entire East Bay Corridor. Ground shaking does not typically cause damage to at grade
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tracks; however, ground shaking can cause severe damage to rail bridges. Small bridges over streams and creeks could settle or be damaged. Additionally, the rail bridge adjacent to the Benicia-Martinez Bridge connecting Contra Costa and Solano Counties has not undergone any major seismic improvement. If the bridge was damaged rail traffic would need to be rerouted for a significant amount of time.
In large storm events the rail tracks can be flooded, halting service until inundation recedes.
There is also the potential for flooding events with flows that could damage line infrastructure requiring repair before service can be restarted. There are locations in Albany, Oakland, San Leandro, and Hayward where the Union Pacific lines intersect with FEMA 1% and 0.2% annual chance flood zones.
4.5.3 PG&E
Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) provides electricity and natural gas to 16 million people in northern and central California. They have a staff of 23,000 and are prepared to respond to restore electrical service after disasters and storms. They also have a well-established priority system for restoring power to emergency services before other community needs.
PG&E recognizes that large earthquakes may damage key facilities and that electric power might be lost for limited periods of time. The potential for a loss of power means that emergency and critical uses should have dedicated emergency power sources.
The electrical system is vulnerable to many different hazards. In storm events downed trees can damage overhead lines. In earthquakes overhead lines are not typically damaged, but electrical substations components can be destroyed by strong shaking, often requiring more extensive and time intensive repairs to return service.
Natural gas is subject to damage and disruption in areas with soil failure, for example landslide and liquefaction. Broken lines can create fires if ignited until the fuel supply is exhausted. The repair of damaged underground lines will take time. Following the Loma Prieta earthquake it took about 30 days to repair damaged lines in the San Francisco Marina.
The large scale natural gas transmission lines that service the cities along the East Bay shoreline of Alameda County are primarily located near the shore. The transmission line runs along a single corridor through Albany, Berkeley, and Emeryville before splitting into two parallel lines in Oakland that run through Oakland, San Leandro and Hayward. Across the entirety of the natural gas line between Albany and Hayward the natural gas transmission line(s) pass through medium-level susceptibility zones with some lines passing through very high liquefaction susceptibly zones in East Oakland and San Leandro.
The thousands of miles of natural gas distribution lines are also at risk to damage from liquefaction. Neighborhoods that experience significant liquefaction are not likely to have gas service for a significant amount of time.
PG&E has assessed the seismic vulnerability of many elements of its system and has taken steps to improve its functionality after an earthquake, such as replacing bushings on high
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voltage lines, anchoring substation equipment and replacing old gas lines with more flexible alternatives.
As a consequence of a 2010 pipeline rupture in San Bruno, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) has issued a number of recommendations to State and federal administrations and institutions to improve the safety of pipeline networks as well as to upgrade the integrity management program and emergency response system.
As a result, PG&E proposed a $2.2 billion Pipeline Safety Enhancement Plan to modernize its gas transmissions operations over the next several years. As part of this plan and in direct response to the recommendations issued by the NTSB, PG&E has begun improving its network by automating shutoff valves, with automatic shutoff valves planned for East Bay Communities; updating its emergency response plan to reflect industry best practices; and implementing data management systems intended to ensure its pipeline records are traceable, verifiable and complete.
Additionally, PG&E has created a First Responders Safety website, which provides secure access to maps and information about natural gas transmission lines, natural gas storage facilities, and shut-off valves.
4.5.4 San Francisco Public Utilities Commission
The City of Hayward purchases its water from the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC). The water is sourced from the Tuolumne River fed by the Hetch Hetchy Valley Reservoir in the Sierra foothills. Between the mountains and the Bay Area, SFPUC’s gravity-powered water system traverses three separate fault zones. The Hetch Hetchy Regional Water System has been hard hit by the most recent drought, as have other California water systems.
The SFPUC has completed a series of projects to improve water supply reliability in the event of a major earthquake. The Water System Improvement Program (WSIP) is a $4.8 billion invest in regional and local water systems through 83 individual projects located from Hetch Hetchy Valley in the Sierra foothills to San Francisco. In addition to the WSIP, the Hetchy System Improvement Program involves completing capital upgrades to water transmission and hydroelectric facilities through 40 individual projects, totaling $1 billion in upgrades. These improvements have reduced the system’s vulnerability to earthquake damage, increase system redundancy to prevent outages, and protect the water supply in anticipation of future droughts.
Risk, asset, and vulnerability information about the SFPUC and the Hetch Hetchy Regional Water System is provided in the 2020 San Francisco Hazards and Climate Resilience Plan.
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5. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, ANALYSIS, AND ASSESSMENT
5.1.1 Earthquake
Earthquakes occur following sudden slip on a fault (fracture in the earth’s crust), causing sudden and rapid shaking of the surrounding ground. Most earthquakes originate on fault planes below the earth’s surface, and are caused by interactions between tectonic plates (large, rigid segments of Earth’s crust). In California, as the North American and Pacific plates move past each other, they tend not to slide smoothly and instead become “locked,” straining against each other and building up energy along the fault. Eventually, the mounting stress causes sudden movement of the tectonic plates and the stored energy is released as seismic waves, causing ground acceleration to radiate from the point of release, known as the “epicenter.”
The quantified size or measurement of an earthquake is dependent on factors that include the length of the fault and the ease with which the plates slip past one another. The traditional Richter scale (abbreviated as M) is logarithmic, meaning the ground shaking caused by an earthquake increases logarithmically (10 times) with each step of magnitude.2 The more accurate moment magnitude scale measures “moment,” a physical quantity proportional to the slip on the fault multiplied by the area of the fault surface that slips; it is related to the total energy released in the earthquake. For example, a M6.0 earthquake releases 33 times more energy than a M5.0, and a M7.0 earthquake releases 1,000 times more energy than a M5.0 event.
In the Bay Area, technical specialists have observed varied fault behaviors, giving some sense of which faults may or may not produce a large, damaging earthquake. Earth scientists are most concerned about the San Andreas and Hayward faults, believed most likely to produce large, regionally damaging earthquakes. Current earthquake forecasts suggest that the Hayward Fault can trigger up to an M7.5 event. There are, however, many other Bay Area faults that can produce localized damage.
Earthquakes are often not isolated events but are likely to trigger a series of smaller aftershocks along the fault plane, which can continue for months to years after a major earthquake, producing additional damage.
Hayward is situated in the heart of earthquake country. The eponymous Hayward Fault runs directly through the city from North to South, and a multitude of smaller cracks and faults branch from the main fault line. In addition to the Hayward Fault, the City of Hayward is less than 30 miles from the San Gregorio and San Andreas faults to the west, and the Calaveras and Greenville faults to the east. Figure 1 shows the location of active faults that are mapped by the State of California under the Alquist-Priolo Act.
Of all the faults running through the Bay Area, geologists predict that the Hayward fault has the highest probability of rupture within the next 30 years. Recently, researchers at UC
2 USGS (2014)
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Berkeley have discovered that the Calaveras Fault running between Danville and Pinnacles National Park is likely an extension of the Hayward Fault, as is the Rodgers Creek Fault that runs between San Pablo Bay and Healdsburg. This discovery means that the likelihood of multiple fault rupture is increased if an earthquake is triggered on any one of the three faults.
According to the California Earthquake Authority studies of the Hayward Fault reveal that it has produced 12 large earthquakes in the past 2000 years spaced on average every 150 years, with the most recent being in 1868. Earthquake scientists estimate that there is a 72% probability of a magnitude 6.7 or greater earthquake in the Bay Area in the near future (30 years).
Estimates of the maximum magnitude of an earthquake along the Hayward Fault have previously been placed at M7.2. However, a connection between the Hayward Fault and the Rodgers Creek Fault indicates the potential for an event of higher magnitude – initial estimates raise the magnitude of a worst-case scenario event to M7.3.
Earthquakes are of particular concern in Hayward due to the high likelihood of their occurrence and the extensive development in the City. Due to its location directly beneath a highly populated urban center, the Hayward Fault is one of the most dangerous in the world. All 160,000 residents of Hayward are endangered by the Hayward Fault subsystem, and the neighboring San Andreas and San Gregorio Faults, as is the entirety of the City’s housing stock, industry, and infrastructure. The most vulnerable areas of Hayward to earthquake hazards include housing and other buildings in close proximity to the Hayward Fault rupture zone.
Notes
1. Coordinate System: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary
Sphere
2. Data Sources: CGS (2015)
3. Background: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap
contributors, and the GIS user community
³
0 10 20
Kilometers
Figure 1
Alquist Priolo Fault Zones
0 10 20
Miles
PACIFIC OCEAN
¬«1
¬«2
¬«3
¬«4
¬«5
¬«7
¬«6
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¬«1
Sonoma
Napa
Solano
Marin
Contra Costa
San
Francisco
Alameda
San Mateo
Santa Clara
*Alquist Priolo Fault Zones - Region in which a
fault investigation must be conducted as a
condition for a permit to construct certain buildings.
The zones vary in width, but average one-quarter
mile wide.
Legend
City of Hayward
Association of Bay Area
Governments Resilience
Program Counties
Alquist Priolo Fault Zones*
1. San Andreas
2. San Gregorio
3. Maacama
4. Rodgers Creek
5. Hayward
6. Hunting Creek
7. West Napa
8. Concord/
Southern Green
Valley
9. Calaveras
10. Greenville
11. Sargent
Figure 1: Alquist-Priolo Fault Zones
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Ground shaking is the primary cause of earthquake damage that can damage or destroy community structures and infrastructure (e.g. power lines, freeways, airports, bridges, levees, etc.). In particular, the City’s buildings are at risk – though Hayward has completed retrofitting all of the City’s unreinforced masonry structures, fragile housing remains a specific concern. According to initial estimates, over 900 of Hayward’s apartment buildings – comprising up to 18.6% of the city’s housing units – may have had soft, weak, or open- front (SWOF) features that render the building susceptible to collapse in an earthquake.
That figure has been reduced to a total of 479 properties based on mitigation efforts to date (see Section 6.3.2). Damage to buildings and infrastructure from earthquakes and the potential connected results (e.g. fires and landslides) represent the greatest impacts to human life and safety.
Additionally, an estimated 16,000 single family homes are in danger of sliding off their foundations without brace and bolt-type retrofitting, jeopardizing more than a third of Hayward’s housing. Earthquake damage to fragile residential structures can also result in gas line rupture and ignition.
The energy released in earthquakes can produce five different types of hazards: fault rupture, ground shaking, liquefaction, earthquake-induced landslides, and tsunamis.
5.1.1.1 SURFACE RUPTURE
When an earthquake occurs, there is a rupture on a fault as built-up energy is suddenly released. Active faults are those that have ruptured in the past 11,000 years.3 Often the rupture occurs deep within the earth, but it is possible for the rupture to extend to the surface and create visible above- ground displacement, called “surface rupture.” The California Geological Survey (CGS) publishes maps of active Bay Area faults that could produce surface rupture, as required by the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act (1972).4 These maps show the most comprehensive depiction of fault traces that can rupture the surface, and the zones directly above and surrounding the fault traces. The City of Hayward requires special geologic studies within these zones to closely regulate the construction of human-occupied structures.
Surface fault rupture varies in size and can change over time. Generally, a large magnitude earthquake can generate a longer rupture and greater displacement, though the surface expression of the displacement can vary widely. The M6.0 2014 South Napa Earthquake resulted in over one foot of displacement in some locations,5 while the M6.9 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake had no surface fault rupture. In the 1906 Earthquake along the San Andreas Fault, surface rupture displacements were greater than 20 feet in some locations.6 Additionally, though the majority of displacement occurs during the actual earthquake event (called “co-seismic slip”), surface displacement can occur in the days, weeks, and even 3 Bryant, W.A., and Hart, E.W., (2007)
4 California Public Resources Code, Division 2, Geology, Mines and Mining, Chapter 7.5, Earthquake Fault Zoning, sections 2621-2630
5 Brocher, T.M., et al, (2015)
6 Thatcher W., Marshall, G., Lisowski, M., (1997)
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months after the event (called “post-seismic slip”). This was also observed in Napa and can cause additional damage for up to a year after an earthquake. In a large earthquake on the Hayward Fault the fault rupture displacement could reach 8 feet in some areas. Most of the displacement would occur during the shaking, and in the first day following the earthquake, but as much as 20 percent of the total afterslip could occur up to a full year after the earthquake, continuing to damage buildings and infrastructure.7 In addition to the surface rupture experienced in an earthquake, the Hayward Fault is one of the few faults in the world that exhibits aseismic slip. Also referred to as fault creep, aseismic slip is fault movement that occurs in the absence of an earthquake. Over time, as the two sides of the fault continue to slide against each other, buildings, roads, and other infrastructure built atop the fault are offset. This displacement can weaken or break the manmade structures along the fault, contributing to damage in an earthquake. The rate of creep deformation along the southern segment of the Hayward Fault is about 5 millimeters per year, or roughly two inches every 10 years.
5.1.1.2 GROUND SHAKING
When faults rupture, the slip generates vibrations or waves in the earth that manifest as ground shaking. Larger magnitude earthquakes generally cause a larger area of ground to shake, and to shake more intensely and for longer periods of time. As a result, one principal factor in determining anticipated levels of shaking hazard in any given location is the magnitude of expected earthquakes. The intensity of ground shaking felt in one area versus another, however, is based on the magnitude and other factors including distance to the fault, direction of rupture, and the type of geologic materials at the site. For example, softer soils tend to amplify ground shaking, while more dense materials limit ground shaking impacts at the site surface.
Ground shaking is commonly characterized using the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale, (see ) which illustrates the intensity of ground shaking at a particular location by considering the effects on people, objects, and buildings. The MMI scale describes shaking intensity on a scale of 1-12. MMI values less than 5 don’t typically cause significant damage; MMI values greater than 10 have not been recorded. 7 Aagaard, B., Lienkaemper, J., Schwartz, D. (2012)
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Table 5: Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale
Intensity Building Contents Masonry Buildings
Multi-Family
Wood-Frame
Buildings
1&2 Story Wood-
Frame Buildings
MMI 6
Strong
Some things thrown
from shelves,
pictures shifted,
water thrown from
pools
Some walls and
parapets of poorly
constructed
buildings crack.
Some drywall
cracks.
Some chimneys are
damaged, some
drywall cracks.
Some slab
foundations, patios,
and garage floors
slightly crack.
MMI 7
Very
Strong
Many things thrown
from walls and
shelves. Furniture is
shifted.
Poorly constructed
buildings are
damaged and some
well-constructed
buildings crack.
Cornices and
unbraced parapets
fall.
Plaster cracks,
particularly at inside
corners of buildings.
Some soft-story
buildings strain at
the first floor level.
Some partitions
deform.
Many chimneys are
broken and some
collapse, damaging
roofs, interiors, and
porches. Weak
foundations can be
damaged.
MMI 8
Severe
Nearly everything
thrown down from
shelves, cabinets,
and walls. Furniture
overturned.
Poorly constructed
buildings suffer
partial or full
collapse. Some
well-constructed
buildings are
damaged.
Unreinforced walls
fall.
Soft-story buildings
are displaced out of
plumb and partially
collapse. Loose
partition walls are
damaged and may
fail. Some pipes
break.
Houses shift if they
are not bolted to the
foundation, or are
displaced and
partially collapse if
cripple walls are not
braced. Structural
elements such as
beams, joists, and
foundations are
damaged. Some
pipes break.
MMI 9
Violent
Only very well
anchored contents
remain in place.
Poorly constructed
buildings collapse.
Well-constructed
buildings are
heavily damaged.
Retrofitted buildings
damaged.
Soft-story buildings
partially or
completely collapse.
Some well-
constructed
buildings are
damaged.
Poorly constructed
buildings are
heavily damaged,
some partially
collapse. Some
well-constructed
buildings are
damaged.
MMI 10
Extreme
Only very well
anchored contents
remain in place.
Retrofitted buildings
are heavily
damaged, some
partially collapse.
Many well-
constructed
buildings are
damaged.
Well-constructed
buildings are
damaged.
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As described, there are a number of different faults that contribute to the seismic hazard in the Bay Area. ABAG and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) worked collaboratively to characterize which fault contributes most to an area’s seismic hazard. The City of Hayward is most vulnerable to ground shaking in an earthquake along the South Hayward fault, though earthquakes on neighboring faults (particularly the North Hayward Fault) still have the potential to cause serious damage. Two likely ground shaking scenarios created by USGS are outlined below.
Maps shown in Figures 2 and 3 depict projected ground shaking in high-magnitude Hayward Fault earthquake scenarios. Though Hayward may experience significant and damaging ground shaking in earthquakes occurring on other faults (particularly San Andreas and San Gregorio) the City is at highest risk of an earthquake on its eponymous fault due to its high probability of rupture and proximity.
The first shaking scenario (Figure 2) projects ground shaking from an M7.0 temblor in which both the North and South segments of the Hayward Fault rupture. Potential SWOF (or soft story) buildings are represented as green dots on the map. This fragile housing type is likely to experience significant damage in the event of an earthquake.
In this scenario, the area of the city bounded by Route 238 (along Foothill Boulevard) to the East, the Amtrak route to the West, and Jackson Street to the South is predicted to experience violent shaking. This area includes or is directly adjacent to a number of community resources, including the Hayward Police Department, the Hayward Hall of Justice (a county courthouse), BART, the City of Hayward Corp Yard and Utilities Center, Hayward City Hall, the new Hayward Library and Heritage Plaza, Hayward Unified School District offices, Winton Middle School, Burbank Elementary School, and the Hayward Animal Shelter, in addition to several parks, and numerous residences, and businesses. The Tennyson-Alquire neighborhood is also predicted to experience violent ground shaking in an M7.0 earthquake scenario in the area bounded by BART tracks to the east, Tennyson Road to the north, Huntwood Avenue to the west, and Industrial Parkway West to the South. Two mobile home parks, Fire Station 7, and the South Hayward BART station are within the area. The remainder of Hayward, with the exception of the eastern hills, would experience severe ground shaking intensity.
Ground shaking projections in an M6.8 earthquake on the Hayward Fault is depicted in the second scenario map (Figure 3). Once again, the majority of the city would be exposed to severe shaking, with the exception of the eastern stretch of the Hayward Hills. !
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Notes
1. Coordinate System: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary
Sphere
2. Data Sources: CGS (2015)
3. Background: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap
contributors, and the GIS user community
³
0 2 4
Kilometers
Legend
City of Hayward
Alquist Priolo Fault
Zones
!
Potential Soft Story
Building
Hayward Fault North
and South Shaking
Intensity
Very Strong
Severe
Violent
Figure 2
Hayward Fault North
and South M7.0 Scenario
Shakemap
0 1 2
Miles
San Francisco
Bay
§¨¦580
§¨¦880
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ST238
ST92
§¨¦680
ST84
Hayward Fault
Calaveras Fault
Figure 2: Hayward Fault North & South M7.0 Scenario Shakemap !
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Notes
1. Coordinate System: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary
Sphere
2. Data Sources: CGS (2015)
3. Background: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap
contributors, and the GIS user community
Sources: Esri, USGS, NOAA
³
0 2 4
Kilometers
Legend
City of Hayward
Alquist Priolo Fault Zones
!
Potential Soft Story
Building
Hayward Fault South
Shaking Intensity
Strong
very strong
Severe
Violent
Figure 3
Hayward Fault South M6.8
Scenario Shakemap
0 1 2
Miles
San Francisco
Bay
§¨¦580
§¨¦880
§¨¦880
ST238
ST92
§¨¦680
ST84
Hayward Fault
Calaveras Fault
Figure 3: Hayward Fault South M6.8 Scenario Shakemap
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5.1.1.3 LIQUEFACTION
Soil that is loose, sandy, silty, or saturated with water can result in soil liquefaction if it is shaken intensely for an extended period. When ground liquefies in an earthquake, it behaves like a liquid and may sink, spread, or erupt in sand boils. This can cause pipes to break, roads and airport runways to buckle, and building foundations to be damaged. Liquefaction can only occur under certain circumstances:8
Loose Soils Soil must be loose – uncompacted or unconsolidated sand and silt without much clay. Such soil exists along the Bay shoreline, near creeks or other waterways, on dry creek beds, and in areas of man-made landfill.
Soggy Soils The sand and silt must be soggy and saturated with water due to a high water table.
Ground Shaking The ground must be shaken long and hard enough by the earthquake to trigger liquefaction.
Liquefaction may not necessarily occur even if all three conditions are present. Additionally, if liquefaction does occur, the ground may not move enough to have significant impact on the built environment.
As with ground shaking, several types of maps depict liquefaction potential. Liquefaction susceptibility maps show areas with soil types known to have the potential to liquefy with intense shaking. Unless areas of liquefaction susceptibility are subject to significant ground shaking, they are not likely to liquefy. Liquefaction hazard maps express where the ground is both susceptible to liquefaction, and where the ground is likely to be shaken long and intensely in an earthquake. In 2015, ABAG produced maps that combine liquefaction susceptibility with USGS-generated earthquake scenario maps to identify areas where there is a significant hazard of liquefaction. Figure 4 shows the liquefaction potential in a M7.0 Hayward Fault earthquake scenario, and Figure 5 shows the liquefaction potential during a M6.8 scenario. The map combines the liquefaction susceptibility and predicted ground shaking information into a map of scenario-based liquefaction potential.
CGS liquefaction zone maps are based on the presence of shallow historic groundwater in uncompacted sands and silts deposited during the last 15,000 years and sufficiently strong levels of earthquake shaking expected during the next 50 years. 9 Though the City of Hayward
has maintained a healthy shoreline, refraining from development on landfill and wetland areas, a significant portion of the city is still at risk of liquefaction. Soil conditions between Highway 238 and the shoreline pose a risk of liquefaction in high-magnitude earthquakes, particularly along the Hayward Fault.
8 Perkins, J.B., (2001)
9 Department of Conservation, Seismic Hazards Zonation Program Fact Sheet, California Geological Survey
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Notably, the areas in Hayward at risk of liquefaction are home to the City’s industrial zones and the majority of the City’s SWOF housing stock. Potential soft story building locations are indicated by green dots on Figure 4 and Figure 5.
5.1.1.4 EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDES
Ground shaking can also lead to ground failure on slopes, triggering earthquake-induced landslides. Landslides tend to occur in weak soil and rock on sloping terrain. In the Loma Prieta Earthquake, earthquake-induced landslides disrupted traffic for a month along Highway 17 in the Santa Cruz Mountains.10 In the Bay Area, the CGS has mapped areas of various risks for earthquake-induced landslide as part of its Seismic Hazards Zonation Program. For Hayward, the areas at highest risk of earthquake-induced landslide are the steep hillsides in the eastern part of the City (Figure 6), largely in areas zoned for open space or agricultural uses. While single family homes and other structures have been constructed in the hills, each development project located in areas identified as at risk of landslide must undergo geological site studies per Hayward’s Hillside Design Guidelines. Landslides are discussed in greater detail in section
5.1.3. 5.1.1.5 TSUNAMIS
Large underwater displacements from major underwater earthquake fault ruptures or landslides can lead to ocean waves called “tsunamis.” Since tsunamis have high velocities, the damage from a particular level of inundation is far greater than in a normal flood event. Similarly, water sloshing in lakes and reservoirs during an earthquake, called “seiche,” is also capable of producing damage.
Tsunamis can result from off-shore earthquakes within the Bay Area or from distant events. It is most common for tsunamis to be generated by offshore subduction faults such as those in Washington, Alaska, Japan, and South America. Tsunami waves generated at those far-off sites can travel across the ocean and can reach the California coast with several hours of warning time. Local tsunamis can also be generated from offshore strike-slip faults. Because of their close proximity, we would have little warning time. However, the Bay Area faults that pass through portions of the Pacific coastline or under portions of the Bay are not likely to produce significant tsunamis because they move side to side, rather than up and down, and do not produce the type of displacement needed to create significant tsunamis. While local faults may produce slight vertical displacements or cause small underwater landslides, overall there is a minimal risk of any significant tsunami occurring as the result of a Bay Area earthquake. The greatest risk to the Bay Area is from tsunamis generated by earthquakes elsewhere in the Pacific.
10 Schiff, A. (1990)
"u "u
Notes
1. Coordinate System: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary
Sphere
2. Data Sources: CGS (2015)
3. Background: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap
contributors, and the GIS user community
Sources: Esri, USGS, NOAA
³
0 2 4
Kilometers
Legend
City of Hayward
Alquist Priolo Fault Zones
"u Hospital
Hayward Fault North and South
Liquefaction Hazard
High
Moderate
Moderately Low
Very Low
Figure 4
Hayward Fault North and South
M7.0 Scenario Liquefaction
Hazard0 1 2
Miles
San Francisco
Bay
§¨¦580
§¨¦880
§¨¦880
ST238
ST92
§¨¦680
ST84
Hayward Fault
Calaveras Fault
Figure 4:Hayward Fault North & South M7.0 Scenario Liquefaction Hazard "u "u
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Notes
1. Coordinate System: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary
Sphere
2. Data Sources: CGS (2015)
3. Background: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap
contributors, and the GIS user community
Sources: Esri, USGS, NOAA
³
0 2 4
Kilometers
Legend
City of Hayward
Alquist Priolo Fault Zones
"u Hospital
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Potential Soft Story
Building
Hayward Fault South
Liquefaction Hazard
Moderate
Moderately Low
Very Low
Figure 5
Hayward Fault South M6.8
Scenario Liquefaction
Hazard0 1 2
Miles
San Francisco
Bay
§¨¦580
§¨¦880
§¨¦880
ST238
ST92
§¨¦680
ST84
Hayward Fault
Calaveras Fault
Figure 5: Hayward Fault South M6.8 Scenario Liquefaction Hazard Notes
1. Coordinate System: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary
Sphere
2. Data Sources: CGS (2015)
3. Background: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap
contributors, and the GIS user community
Sources: Esri, USGS, NOAA
³
0 2 4
Kilometers
Legend
City of Hayward
Alquist Priolo Fault Zones
Landslide Zone
Liquefaction Zone
Figure 6
Earthquake-related
Liquefaction and
Landslide in Hayward0 1 2
Miles
San Francisco
Bay
§¨¦580
§¨¦880
§¨¦880
ST238
ST92
§¨¦680
ST84
Hayward Fault
Calaveras Fault
Figure 6: Earthquake-Related Liquefaction & Landscape Hazard in Hayward City of Hayward-Local Resilience Plan 2021
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Though the Bay Area has experienced tsunamis, it has not experienced significant tsunami damage. The M6.8 1868 earthquake on the Hayward fault is reported to have created a local tsunami in the San Francisco Bay. Though other cities in the Bay Area have experienced low- level damage, Hayward has been relatively unaffected by tsunami events due to its position away from ocean currents that travel through the Golden Gate. The State of California as a whole has been fortunate in past distant-source tsunamis (1960, 1964, and 2011) that the events occurred during low tides.11
In 2013, the USGS partnered with the US Department of the Interior to publish a tsunami scenario as part of the Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) series.12 In the scenario, the multi-disciplinary team modeled a M9.1 offshore Alaskan earthquake to study impacts to California. Assuming that the tsunami reaches the central coast at high tide, the Bay Area can expect heights ranging from two to seven meters near the shore. The study suggests that this scenario inundation is only likely to occur once in a 100 year period.
In addition to the scenario inundation maps, the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (CalOES) developed tsunami evacuation maps indicating areas that should evacuate if a warning is given (Figure 7). The CalOES tsunami maps are not associated with a particular event but instead represent the worst-case scenario at any given location by combining a suite of extreme, but plausible, inundation scenarios. Additionally, the maps include no information about the probability of a tsunami affecting an area at any given time. Because of this, they are not intended to show locations of probable inundation but should be used for evacuation planning only. In general, the CalOES tsunami evacuation map is more conservative than the USGS SAFRR study; however, there are a few locations where the SAFRR study shows greater inundation. Hayward is not among these locations, and in fact the areas of Hayward at risk in the SAFRR scenario and those included in the CalOES evacuation maps are extremely similar.
The City of Hayward is susceptible to minimal inundation along the shoreline, primarily in the wetlands. The oxidation ponds at the City’s Water Pollution Control Facility are at risk in a tsunami, as is the approach to the San Mateo Bridge (Highway 92), and many waterfront businesses along Hayward’s north shoreline. To the South, tsunami inundation is largely limited to shoreline wetlands ecological and wildlife preserves. Much like flooding and sea level rise, tsunamis have the potential to damage and degrade the environment along Hayward’s shoreline, detracting from the area’s ecological health, recreational opportunities, aesthetic, and natural defense against flooding.
11 Ross, S.L., and Jones, L.M, eds., (2013)
12 Ibid
Notes
1. Coordinate System: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary
Sphere
2. Data Sources: CGS (2015)
3. Background: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap
contributors, and the GIS user community
Sources: Esri, USGS, NOAA
³
0 2 4
Kilometers
Legend
City of Hayward
Tsunami Evacuation Zone
Figure 7
Tsunami Coastal Evacuation
Zone
0 1 2
Miles
San Francisco
Bay
§¨¦580
§¨¦880
§¨¦880
ST238
ST92
§¨¦680
ST84
Figure 7: Tsunami Coastal Evacuation Zone
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5.1.1.6 FIRE FOLLOWING AN EARTHQUAKE
Earthquakes are often responsible for igniting fires which can contribute to a considerable share of the overall damage in a disaster. The fires can start from a variety of sources: appliances with natural gas pilot lights may tip, damaged electrical equipment may spark, and gas line connections may break. Recently in the South Napa Earthquake a number of mobile homes were destroyed and damaged when the gas connection to a home broke. In the Loma Prieta Earthquake 36 fires broke out in San Francisco alone, but luckily were contained quickly in large part due to the abnormally calm wind that evening, and the fires’ proximity to the Bay which allowed a fire boat to pump water to the fires where the water lines had failed. In the 1906 earthquake over 3.5 square miles of San Francisco burned, representing 80% of San Francisco’s property value at the time.
Fires following earthquake are especially difficult to control – there are often multiple ignitions at once overwhelming fire crews, typical water supply used for fighting fire may be reduced or unavailable, and maneuvering fire crews to the ignition may be hindered by streets blocked by road damage or debris. Existing fire protection systems, including sprinklers, fire doors, and fire alarms may malfunction or be incapacitated as a result of the preceding earthquake.
Fire following earthquake is an issue that could impact any part of Hayward that experiences an earthquake – both urban and rural. The problem is heightened for urban environments, where many simultaneous ignitions can lead to a firestorm, and single fires can more quickly and easily move structure to structure. USGS models of high-magnitude earthquake scenarios along the Hayward fault predict 3,000 ignitions in Alameda County alone.
Specific characteristics can make a community more vulnerable to fire following earthquake.
Hayward has many buildings highly susceptible to damage or collapse in a seismic event – e.g., soft story buildings and single-family homes with pony walls and unbraced foundations, which are likely to have damaged gas or electrical lines and be the source of ignitions that then impact undamaged neighboring structures. Liquefaction zones, which include most of Hayward, are more likely to experience ground displacement during a temblor, resulting in ruptured gas and water mains that present possible ignition sites and disruption of water resources for firefighting, respectively. Areas with largely wood frame or shingle roof structures may be less prone to earthquake damage, but are at a heightened risk for the spread of fires. Much of Hayward’s housing stock consists of such building types.
Areas with hazardous materials with the potential for explosion, or with the potential to produce toxic smoke are cause for concern and additional mitigation measures. Industrial facilities and labs require special attention because of the hazardous and flammable materials stored at their facilities. The City of Hayward has a number of such facilities located in the City’s industrial zone, the majority of which is located in areas of possible liquefaction.
5.1.2 Fire
Fires are typically characterized into three categories: urban fires, wildland-urban interface fires, and wildland fires.
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• Urban fires occur within a developed area and pose a direct risk to development. • Wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires occur where the built environment and natural areas are intermixed (the fringe of urban areas).
• Wi
ldland fires exist in wilderness land.
Fires in the urban environment and in the wildland-urban interface result in direct damage to the built environment and can injure or kill residents. Wildland fires can cause damage to linear infrastructure systems that serve the Bay Area, causing outages downstream of the failure; can impact the air quality in cities during the duration of the fire; and can impact water quality in watersheds impacted by a wildland fire. Wildland and wildland-urban interface fires can also damage natural environments, such as recreational areas, and can cause lasting impacts to slopes and soils.
Fire threat levels in the Hayward Hills as mapped by CAL FIRE are high to very high.
Probability of wildfire occurrence in Hayward was estimated using the national Risk Index Annualized Frequency Wildfire ArcGIS tool
(https://www.arcgis.com/apps/mapviewer/index.html?layers=a21028953f93448e956bc6ac93f49 701). That data layer shows that the annualized frequency of a wildfire occurrence in Hayward near the Bay shore is about 0.0047, and in the Hayward Hills is about 0.0104. These values represents the modeled frequency of wildfire hazard events per year as of November 2021.
Although these frequencies are low, the probability of wildfire increases in the eastern hills and is expected to increase with climate change.
The severe 1991 fires in the Oakland Hills are indicative of fire risk in the adjacent Hayward WUI. The residents of the heavily vegetated hillsides of the Hayward WUI are most vulnerable to wildfire. In the Bay Area, fire areas generally fall into two categories – State Responsibility Areas, where the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) is responsible for fire protection, and Local Responsibilities, where local fire departments and fire protection districts have responsibility. The City of Hayward is located entirely within a local responsibility area managed by the Hayward Fire Department.
Hayward is at particular risk of WUI fires in the Hayward Hills on the east side of the City, as depicted in Figure 8, of fire following an earthquake compounded by numerous ignitions and constrained resources, and, in the industrial areas, of fire complicated by hazardous materials.
Table 6 provides a list of critical assets in the city that are located in the high wildfire vulnerability Hayward Hills area.
Notes
1. Coordinate System: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary
Sphere
2. Data Sources: City of Hayward Fire Department
3. Background: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap
contributors, and the GIS user community
Sources: Esri, USGS, NOAA
³
0 2 4
Kilometers
Legend
City of Hayward
High Fire Hazard Areas
Figure 8
High Fire Hazard
in the Hayward Area
0 1 2
Miles
San Francisco
Bay
§¨¦580
§¨¦880
§¨¦880
ST238
ST92
§¨¦680
ST84
Figure 8: High Fire Hazard in Hayward Area
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Table 6: Critical City Assets in Hayward Hills
Facility Address Function and Notes
D Street
Reservoir 1785 D Street Water supply reservoir;
1,000,000-gallon capacity.
High School
Reservoir 1515 Rex Road Water supply reservoir;
1,000,000-gallon capacity.
Maitland
Reservoir 25561 Maitland Dr Water supply reservoir;
1,000,000-gallon capacity.
Treeview
Reservoir 31950 Veril Way Water supply reservoir;
3,000,000-gallon capacity.
Garin
Reservoir
29894 Bello View
Place
Water supply reservoir;
1,250,000-gallon capacity.
North Walpert
Reservoir 1241 Walpert St Water supply reservoir;
1,500,000-gallon capacity.
South Walpert
Reservoir 1241 Walpert St Water supply reservoir;
530,000-gallon capacity.
250’ Reservoir
East 1122 Highland Blvd Water supply reservoir;
500,000-gallon capacity.
250’ Reservoir
West 1122 Highland Blvd Water supply reservoir;
500,000-gallon capacity.
500’ Reservoir 1910 Highland Blvd Water supply reservoir; 3,000,000-gallon capacity.
750’ Reservoir 26633 Parkside Dr Water supply reservoir; 4,400,000-gallon capacity.
1000’
Reservoir 3466 La Mesa Dr Water supply reservoir;
2,200,000-gallon capacity.
1285’
Reservoir 28750 Fairview Ave Water supply reservoir;
1,800,000-gallon capacity.
1530’
Reservoir 30100 Fairview Ave Water supply reservoir;
2,900,000-gallon capacity.
Garin P/S 935 Garin Ave Public water supply line; 600
GPM
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Stonebrae
Elementary 28761 Hayward Blvd Public school
Fairview
Elementary 23515 Maud Ave Public school
Northstar
school 22502 Woodroe Ave. Public school
Cal State
University East
Bay
25800 Carlos Bee
Blvd University
East Avenue
Elementary 2424 East Ave Public school
Spectrum
Center School 2021 Highland Blvd Public school
Hayward High
School 1633 East Ave Public school
Fire Station 5 28595 Hayward Blvd Fire Station
Fire Station 8 25862 Five Canyons
Parkway
Fire Station; owned by City of
Hayward, located in Fairview
outside city boundary
Fire Station 9 24912 Second Street
Fire Station; owned by Fairview
Fire Protection District, located
in Fairview outside city
boundary
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5.1.2.1 CLIMATE CHANGE & FIRE
Climate change increases fire risk as temperatures rise and dry periods persist over longer fire seasons. Wildfire risk will also be influenced by potential changes in vegetation as a result of changing rainfall and temperatures.13
Researchers at UC Merced have projected future fire risk for the entire Bay Area by comparing existing fire risk to the predicted impacts of climate change on temperatures, seasonal precipitation, and vegetation. The research projects some locations in Central Alameda County to exhibit decreased fire risk. Generally, across the Bay Area there is fairly limited change in fire risk in the year 2050, with the greatest change in occurring between 2050 and 2085, especially in the high emission scenario. The Cal Adapt data suggests that some jurisdictions might have to adapt more aggressively compared to others. Figure 9 shows the projected fire risk increase for the Bay Area with the greatest increase and decrease areas highlighted. While there is no data available specifically for the City of Hayward, the city is located adjacent to areas of unchanged or lowered risk. However, the decreased availability of water due to frequent drought caused by climate change could impair Hayward’s ability to fight fires.
The future fire risk model analyzes two primary variables: fuel availability and flammability of fuel. In California the change in fire risk is a result of either a densely forested ecosystem becoming drier, or a dry climate experiencing large vegetation growth after a year of above average precipitation. In the first scenario the suite of climate impacts (higher temperatures, less snow pack, earlier springs) result in previously wet, dense fuel ecosystems becoming dry – increasing the fire risk. In the second ecosystem, dominated by grass and low-density shrubs, the risk is often unchanged or decreased because the availability of fuel is the governing variable for fire risk, which remains unchanged or decreases as a result of projected precipitation.
14 These modeling characteristics are reflected in the future fire risk map.
Following the 2015 LHMP update and the 2013 UC Merced model, fire risk from climate change and other factors has increased. Following the 2020 devastating wildfire season in California, UC Merced assessed regional changes in forest fire area and fuel availability across the western U.S. from 1991–2020. Climate change and drought have caused increased fuel aridity and an extended fire season15. Wildfire fuel has also grown due to the statewide bark beetle infestation, which killed an estimated 129 million trees in California’s national forests between 2010 and 2017. Proactive mitigation is required to address the excess fire fuels. 13 California Climate Change Center, (2012)
14 Westerling, A.L., Bryant, B.P. (2008)
15 Abatzoglou, J.T., et al, Nature Communications Earth & Environment (2021) Notes
1. Coordinate System: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary
Sphere
2. Data Sources: CGS (2015)
3. Background:
³
0 25 50
Kilometers
Legend
Association of Bay Area Governments
Resilience Program Counties
Figure 9
Climate Change Influence
on Future Fire Risk
0 10 20
Miles
Pacific Ocean
Figure 9: Climate Change Influence on Fire Risk
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5.1.2.2 WILDFIRE
CAL FIRE produces WUI maps that highlight areas with burnable vegetation and residential density greater than one unit per 20 acres as well as maps that identify regions of very high fire danger. These zones represent areas of potential fire and high exposure of people and property. The Hayward Fire Department has chosen to identify its own WUI and high fire danger zones based on their local knowledge of the landscape, as depicted in Figure 8.
5.1.2.3 BURN AREAS
The impacts of a fire are felt long after the fire is extinguished. In addition to the loss of property in fires, the loss in vegetation and changes in surface soils alters the environment. When all supporting vegetation is burned away, hillsides become destabilized and prone to erosion. The burnt surface soils are harder and absorb less water. When winter rains come, this leads to increased runoff, erosion, and landslides in hilly areas (see Section 5.1.3 for more information about landslides).
5.1.2.4 URBAN CONFLAGRATION
While the primary fire threat in Hayward is from wildfire, urban conflagration - a large disastrous fire in an urban area - is a major hazard that can occur as a result of wildfire, earthquake, gas leak, chemical explosion, or arson. The urban fire conflagration that followed the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake did more damage than the earthquake itself. A source of danger to cities throughout human history, urban conflagration has been reduced as a general source of risk to life and property through improvements in community design, construction materials, and fire protection systems.
Although the frequency of urban conflagration fires has been reduced, they remain a risk to human safety. One reason is the current trend toward increased urban density and infill in areas adjacent to the wildland-urban interface. In an effort to keep housing close to urban jobs, areas previously left as open space due to steep slopes and high wildland fire risk may be considered as infill areas for high-density housing. Though Hayward has no plans for high- density WUI zoning at present, portions of the Hayward Hills where residences abut wildland areas of vegetation are at particular risk of fire.
5.1.3 Landslides
The impact of a landslide can be extensive, including loss of life, destruction of buildings and other infrastructure, damage to land and loss of natural resources (e.g. forests). Landslide material can block waterways and increase the risk of floods. In the Bay Area, landslides typically occur as a result of either earthquakes (earthquake-induced landslides, addressed in section 5.1.1.4) or during heavy and sustained rainfall events. A given area can be at risk for both earthquake-induced landslides as well as landslides caused by rain-saturated soils, but the variables that contribute to each landslide risk are different. Typically, an earthquake-induced landslide occurs when seismic energy at the top of a slope gets concentrated and breaks off shallow portions of rock. In rainfall-induced landslides, the slide can begin much deeper in the slope, in very-saturated layers of soil.
A 2009 USGS paper ""Probabilistic estimation of numbers and costs of future landslides in the San Francisco Bay region" (Crovelli and Coe) determined that annual landslide probabilities in City of Hayward-Local Resilience Plan 2021
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the landslide areas shown on Figure 10 range from 1 - 9%. Steep slopes and varied types of underlying soils can influence the likelihood of landslides. Additionally, surface and subsurface drainage patterns also affect landslide hazard, and vegetation removal can increase landslide likelihood. Future landslides are most likely to occur within and around the places where they have previously occurred.16 Although the City has not kept data on historical landslide frequency, there is evidence of numerous large landslides in the Hayward Hills. No significant landslides have occurred since the 2016 update. During the 1997-1998 winter storms caused by El Nino, Hayward’s eastern hillside region was the site of moderate to abundant debris flow activity. The area along Walpert ridge, running from Hayward Memorial Park in the North to Fremont’s Mission Peak in the South, was one of Alameda County’s most active landslide areas during the 1997-1998 El Nino event.
17 No data on the extent of past landslides in the City is kept by the City or otherwise located. The extent of landslides is usually measured using the amount of material that is displaced (i.e., the cubic feet of earth that moved). The City will attempt to collect landslide extent data for future events and will update this LRP if data on past landslides are identified.
The possibility of strong shaking from earthquakes within the steep topography of the Hayward Hills makes those parts of the City most vulnerable to landslide threats to people and property.
The USGS has identified the Hayward Hills area as a principal debris-flow source area – a site where intense rainfall is likely to trigger a fast-moving downslope mudflow. Figure 10 shows this high risk landslide area, which comprises about 1,871 acres on the east side of the City. Table 6 provides a list of critical assets in the city that are located in the high landslide vulnerability Hayward Hills area. Landslide probability in Hayward varies based on local geology and land slope. Vegetation loss caused by the ongoing drought has likely contributed to the degradation of slope stability in the Old Highlands area, increasing landslide hazard. Additionally, wet-dry cycles, such as those produced by the combination of ongoing severe drought and a period of intense rainfall (similar to wet El Nino events), can exacerbate soil creep, an early sign of landslide.
Landslides in the Hayward Hills could cause damage to structures – primarily residences – ranging from inundation with some mud and/or debris to complete destruction or relocation.
Landslides may also result in the rupture of gas lines, water lines, and other utilities, and the destruction or displacement of roads, compounding the hazard and interfering with evacuation and response. However, relatively few homes are located in areas at risk of a landslide, either earthquake- or rainfall-induced.
5.1.3.1 CLIMATE CHANGE AND LANDSLIDES
Climate change is not expected to change the risk of earthquake-induced landslide, but climate change will likely change the behavior of winter storms and droughts. Regional models project fairly similar precipitation totals in the Bay Area, but the variability season to season may 16 USGS (1999)
17 Source: USGS Map Showing Locations of Damaging Landslides in Alameda County, California, Resulting from 1997-98 El Nino Rainstorms, 1999.
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increase. If winters are compressed, with more rain falling in fewer months, or if individual years are more extreme the chance of rainfall-induced landslide will increase.
Additionally, if fires burn greater portions of landslide- vulnerable hillsides, removing vegetation and increasing storm runoff, or droughts result in large-scale death of vegetation, the landslide probability will increase. The increase in future fire risk in Hayward is described in Section
5.1.2.1. Currently, there is not enough evidence to suggest with certainty that future landslide probabilities will increase in Hayward, though a local study that takes local conditions into account may be able to more accurately predict the possibility of landslide.
5.1.4 Floods
Flooding is a temporary condition that causes the partial or complete inundation of land that is normally dry. Flooding occurs when streams, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, or coastal water bodies are abnormally high and overflow into adjacent low-lying areas, areas at risk of recurring floods known as floodplains.
Riverine flooding, also known as overbank flooding, can occur if there is excessive rainfall especially in conjunction with high tides and strong winds. Riverine floodplains range from narrow, confined channels in the steep valleys of mountainous and hilly regions to wide, flat areas in plains and coastal regions. The potential for flooding of a floodplain is a function of the size and topography of the contributing watershed, the regional and local climate, and land use characteristics. Flooding in steep, mountainous areas is usually confined, occurs with less warning time, and has a short duration. The lower portions of coastal rivers are more likely to flood during high tides with backwater conditions that lead to overbank flooding.
Localized, or nuisance, flooding can occur in areas that typically do not flood during locally heavy precipitation events, especially if ground water levels are high during extremely wet seasons or if stormwater storage or conveyance facilities are inadequate. Localized flooding tends to occur in flat, urbanized areas that are highly impermeable and can result in inundation of basements, low lying roads, and parking lots from street drainage.
The City of Hayward is susceptible to both riverine and nuisance flooding. The local watershed is comprised of numerous small creeks leading from the Hayward Hills down across the western part of the City to the San Francisco Bay. In the event of severe storm surge combined with abnormally heavy rainfall, these creeks may flood the adjacent bayside flatlands, particularly in the downstream stretches of Ward Creek in South Hayward. Though Hayward’s stormwater drainage system is robust and equipped with debris screens, abnormally heavy rainfall or a buildup of debris in storm drains or other parts of the stormwater management system could cause nuisance flooding in any part of the city. Floods can result to loss or damage to community buildings, roads, and other critical infrastructure, and can result in loss of life.
Coastal flooding cab also result in loss of marshes, shoreline habitat and recreational opportunities.
Although the City has not kept data on historical flood frequency, there are some available online records of historical flooding. The Hayward Historical Society describes the “Flood of 1950,” when heavy rain combined with a levee failure on Alameda Creek caused extensive City of Hayward-Local Resilience Plan 2021
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flooding in South Hayward, inundating 25 square miles. No flood events have occurred since the 2016 update.
The shoreline is at highest risk of and most vulnerable to flooding. While healthy wetlands and manmade levees and berms provide some protection against storm surge and riverine flooding, these barriers still leave some shoreline habitats, recreational facilities, roads, and businesses at risk of particularly severe flooding. This exposure will only be increased by sea level rise.
Important Infrastructure vulnerable to shoreline flooding and storm surge includes the Calpine Russel City Energy Center, the Oro Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant, the Hayward Water Pollution Control Facility, the City and Alameda County landfills, two solar energy fields, and the State Highway 92 bridge approach.
Figure 11 depicts the FEMA-designated flood zones in the City of Hayward, including areas with a 1% chance of flooding each year with and without wave damage, and areas at .02% chance of flooding each year. The shoreline area is most likely to flood in a given year, putting shoreline assets at risk. The central area of the city along and to the north of Ward Creek is at risk of flooding in 500-year (.02% chance) floods, as are the inland stretches of San Lorenzo Creek.
Industrial, commercial, residential, and civic buildings are all located within this zone. The vulnerable population of residents in these flood zones was estimated by the City GIS Coordinator using Census tract data. For Census tracts that intersect the flood zones the 2020 Census population is 63,495. That number represents a high estimate since some of the Census tracts that intersect the flood zone include areas outside of the flood zone and that distinction in population is not available.
5.1.4.1 CLIMATE CHANGE AND FLOODING
Globally, sea levels are rising due to thermal expansion caused by the ocean warming and the melting of land-based ice such as glaciers and polar ice caps. Regionally and locally, the rate of sea level rise is affected by other processes, including changes in land elevation (subsidence or uplift), coastal erosion, wind and ocean currents, ocean temperature and salinity, atmospheric pressure, and large-scale climate regimes.
18 The National Research Council (NRC) Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington study, released June 2012, provides regionally specific sea level rise projections for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington. Because there is significant uncertainty in how much sea level will rise, the range in projected values increases over time. The predicted mean sea level rise and estimates based on both high sea level rise and low sea level rise scenarios along the coast of California are included in Table 7: Regional Sea Level Rise Projections Relative to Year 2000 for the California Coast South of Cape Mendocino.
In 2017, the State of California Ocean Protection Council (OPC) Science Advisory Team updated Statewide Sea-Level Rise Guidance to reflect recent advances in ice loss science and 18 Committee on Sea Level Rise in California, Oregon, and Washington, and Board on Earth Sciences and Resources and Ocean Studies Board, Division on Earth and Life Studies, (2012)
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projections of sea-level rise19. The predictions in the 2017 OPC for the likely sea level rise at the Golden Gate in San Francisco are similar to those from the 2012 study data. All of the predictions for sea level rise are contingent on projections of greenhouse gas scenarios, which vary based on current rate and whether emissions are reduced or left to grow unabated.
Table 7: Regional Sea Level Rise Projections Relative to Year 2000 for the California Coast South of Cape Mendocino20
Sea Level Rise (inches)
Year
NRC 2012 Projection
(mean ± the standard deviation
for the A1B Scenario21)
Low
(mean of the B1
scenario)
High
(mean of the A1F1
scenario)
2030 5.6 (±1.9) 2 12
2050 11.0 (±3.6) 5 24
2100 36.1 (±10) 17 66
19 OPC Science Advisory Team, and California Ocean Science Trust, Rising Seas in California, An Update on Sea Level Rise (2017)
20 Committee on Sea Level Rise in California, Oregon, and Washington, and Board on Earth Sciences and Resources and Ocean Studies Board, Division on Earth and Life Studies, (2012). 21 The A1 scenario family assumes high economic growth, low population growth that peaks mid-century, and the rapid introduction of more efficient technologies (A1B is balanced and A1FI is fossil fuel intensive). The B1 scenario family assumes the same low population growth as the A1 scenarios, but a shift toward a lower-emission service and information economy and cleaner technologies.
Notes
1. Coordinate System: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary
Sphere
2. Data Sources: CDC (2018)
3. Background: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap
contributors, and the GIS user community
³
0 2 4
Kilometers
Legend
City of Hayward
Landslide Susceptibility Classes
0 III
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
Figure 10
Rainfall-Induced Landslide
Hazard in the City of Hayward
0 1 2
Miles
San Francisco
Bay
§¨¦580
§¨¦880
§¨¦880
ST238
ST92
§¨¦680
ST84
Hayward Fault
Calaveras Fault
Increasing Susceptibility
Figure 10: Rainfall-Induced Landslide Hazard in the City of Hayward City of Hayward-Local Resilience Plan 2021
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Sea level rise has the potential to influence the impact of coastal, riverine and localized nuisance flooding. In particular, without intervention rising sea levels may cause:
More frequent floods: Rising sea levels can lead to more frequent flooding of existing flood- prone areas, including more frequent overtopping and overbank flooding of riverine systems that already flood when rainfall coincides with high tides due to the increased backwater effect. In addition, gravity drained and pumped systems that discharge stormwater into flood control channels can have reduced performance, causing backups and flooding of streets and basements.
More extensive, longer-duration flooding: As sea levels rise there is the potential that storm events will flood larger areas for longer periods of time and that there will be new overtopping and overbank flooding of riverine systems that that do not currently cause flooding.
Shoreline erosion and overtopping: Sea level rise can cause shoreline protection, such as levees, berms and revetments, to be damaged or fail due to increased tidal and wave energy.
There is also the potential that shoreline protection will be overtopped during storm events when there are extreme tide levels and wind-driven waves, flooding inland areas, including homes and community services that are currently protected.
Elevated groundwater and increased salinity intrusion: As sea levels rise, groundwater and salinity levels are also predicted to rise. This will cause damage to below grade living spaces, finished basements, and electrical/mechanical equipment that is below or at-grade. In addition, increasing groundwater levels may increase liquefaction susceptibility, and require the use of pumping of stormwater for flood management, which will increase both operations and maintenance costs.
Permanent inundation: Sea level rise can cause areas that are not currently exposed to regular high tide inundation to be flooded, resulting in the need to either protect or move people and infrastructure, and the loss of trails, beaches, vistas, and other shoreline recreation areas.
In addition, increased tidal scour due to increased tidal prism in riverine systems can trigger changes in channel geometry and sediment transport processes.
5.1.4.2 CURRENT FLOODING
The magnitude of flood used as the standard for floodplain management in the United States is a flood having a probability of occurrence of one percent in any given year, also known as the 100-year flood or base flood. The most readily available source of information regarding the 100-year flood is the system of Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) prepared by FEMA. These maps are used to support the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and show 100-year floodplain boundaries for identified flood hazards. These areas are also referred to as Special Flood Hazard Areas and are the basis for flood insurance and floodplain management requirements under the NFIP. FIRMs also show floodplain boundaries for the 500-year flood, which is the flood having a 0.2 percent chance of occurrence in any given year (see Figure 11).
In Hayward about 7,773 acres of near the Bay are located in a FEMA 100-year flood zone with wave hazard risk, and 1,986 acres are located in other FEMA 100-year flood zones (AE, AH, and AO zones). About 1,654 acres in a FEMA 500-year flood zone as shown on Figure 11.
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The rivers and streams for which FEMA has prepared detailed engineering studies may also have designated floodways. The floodway is the channel of a watercourse and portion of the adjacent floodplain that is needed to convey the base or 100-year flood event without increasing flood levels by more than 1 foot and without significantly increasing flood velocities. The floodway must be kept free of development or other encroachments.
Existing coastal and riverine flood maps are available from the FEMA Map Service Center, and on the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission (BCDC)’s Adopting to Rising Tides web site.
22 The following factors contribute to the frequency and severity of coastal flooding:
• Astronomical or “King” Tides
• Storm Surge
• Wind Waves
• El Nino Events
• Sea Level Rise
The following factors contribute to the frequency and severity of riverine flooding:
• Rainfall intensity and duration
• Antecedent moisture conditions
• Watershed conditions, including steepness of terrain, soil types, amount, and type of vegetation, and density of development
• The existence of attenuating features in the watershed, including natural features such as swamps and lakes and human-built features such as dams • The existence of flood control features, such as levees and flood control channels • Velocity of flow
• Av
ailability of sediment for transport, and the erodibility of the bed and banks of the watercourse
In Hayward, periods of intense rainfall and storm surges can cause nuisance and riverine flooding. The City continues to participate in the NFIP. There are no no NFIP insured properties that are classified as repetitive loss, and no current proposed revisions to flood plain mapping in Hayward. New construction in Special Flood Hazard Areas is regulated by Hayward Municipal Code Chapter 9, Article 4 - Flood Plain Management.
5.1.4.3 FUTURE FLOODING
In the Bay Area, the potential for new or prolonged flooding as sea level rises will not be confined to the shoreline. Sea level rise will increase the likelihood of major flood events around the Bay Area because higher water levels in tidal creeks and flood control channels will reduce capacity to discharge rainfall runoff. While some creeks already flood when rainstorms coincide with high tides, rising sea levels will cause flooding during smaller, more frequent rainfall events. 22 BCDC Bay Area Sea Level Rise and Shoreline Analysis Maps http://www.adaptingtorisingtides.org/project/regional-sea-level-rise-mapping-and-shoreline-analysis/ Notes
1. Coordinate System: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary
Sphere
2. Data Sources: CGS (2015)
3. Background: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap
contributors, and the GIS user community
Sources: Esri, USGS, NOAA
³
0 2 4
Kilometers
Legend
City of Hayward
FEMA Flood Risk
100-year Flood Zone with Wave Hazard
100-year Flood Zone (AE, AH, AO)
500-year Flood Zone (XL)
Figure 11
Flood Zones in the
City of Hayward
0 1 2
Miles
San Francisco
Bay
§¨¦580
§¨¦880
§¨¦880
ST238
ST92
§¨¦680
ST84
Hayward Fault
Calaveras Fault
Figure 11: Flood Zones in the City of Hayward
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Sea level rise inundation maps (see Figure 12) help to visually assess under what conditions assets may be impacted by sea level rise and storm events and how far reaching the consequences may be if they are impacted. To understand these factors it is helpful to evaluate a range of possible future sea level rise scenarios. The “total water level” approach presented below simplifies this process and reduces the number of maps needed. In this approach each inundation map represents a number of different unique combinations of sea level rise and extreme tide (storm surge) conditions.
23 A total water level of 36 inches above mean higher high water (MHHW)24 can represent a new “daily” high tide with 36 inches of sea level rise. This amount of sea level rise, which is a likely projection for 2100, could result in regular, i.e. permanent, tidal inundation. This total water level can also represent today’s 50-year extreme tide level, a one-year extreme tide level with 24 inches of sea level rise, or a five-year extreme tide level with 12 inches of sea level rise, which is a likely 2050 projection. Extreme tide events that are larger than daily high tide levels can result in episodic, short duration, or temporary, flooding.
The matrix of numbers presented in Table 7 can be used to understand a range of total water levels, from 0 to 95 inches above MHHW, represented both in terms of today’s tides and future tides as sea level rises. Each total water level represents a combination of sea level rise (0 to 60”) and tide levels (MHHW to a 100-year extreme event). As an example, the likely mid-century daily high tide is projected to be 12” above today’s high tide, or 12”+MHHW. This water level is color coded in green in Table 7. This total water level is approximately the level observed during a King Tide, which is an astronomical tide that occur approximately twice per year when the Moon and the Sun simultaneously exert their gravitational influence on the Earth.
Because of the uncertainties associated with modeling and mapping sea level rise it is reasonable to allow for a +/- 3-inch range when interpreting the total waters in Table 7. As an example, the likely end-century high tide is projected to be 36 inches above today’s high tide, or 36”+MHHW. Water levels ranging from 33 to 39 inches can be used to understand what other combination of tides and sea level rise that may result in the same amount of flooding or inundation as 36”+MHHW.
23 Extreme tides are the maximum high tide level that has occurred over a specific return period (recurrence interval) that correlates to a specific occurrence probability. For example a 100-year extreme tide has a return period of 100 years, and therefore a one percent chance of occurring in any given year. 24 Mean higher high water (MHHW) is calculated as the average of the higher of the two daily high tides over a 19-year tidal epoch.
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The values presented in Table 8 are generally applicable to central San Francisco Bay25 and are therefore appropriate for Hayward’s climate adaptation planning, although it may not be as precise for some areas of the South and North Bay. In addition, because tide levels do vary around the Bay, additional information about tide levels should be used for site-scale planning.
Finally, the values in Table 8 are based on an analysis that does not include the effects of local wind waves and assumes that future storms will behave like past storms. 25 Existing condition water levels in the first row of Table 8 are based on FEMA model results for Central San Francisco Bay, http://www.r9map.org/Pages/San-Francisco-Coastal-Bay-Study.aspx, and are being used by Alameda and San Francisco Counties. Existing water level conditions for the other counties in the Bay Area will be available by the end of 2015.
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Table 8: Matrix showing combinations of Sea Level Rise and Extreme Tide Level Timeframe
Sea
Level
Rise
Total water level above today’s daily high tide, MHHW (inches NAVD88), by tide recurrence interval
MHHW
(≈ daily
high tide)
1-yr
(≈ King
Tide)
2-yr 5-yr 10-yr 25-yr 50-yr
100-yr
(1%
annual
chance)
Today 0 12 19 23 27 32 36 41
+6 6 18 25 29 33 38 42 47
Likely Mid-
Century +12 12 24 31 35 39 44 48 53
+18 18 30 37 41 45 50 54 59
+24 24 36 43 47 51 56 60 65
+30 30 42 49 53 57 62 66 71
Likely End-
Century +36 36 48 55 59 63 68 72 77
+42 42 54 61 65 69 74 78 83
+48 48 60 67 71 75 80 84 89
Color
Code
Map Scenario
(inches above
MHHW)
12 24
36 48
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There are a number of online tools that provide regionally relevant sea level rise inundation maps. The most used is the NOAA Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flooding Impacts Viewer. This is a national tool that depicts potential impacts to marshes and human communities from a range of sea level rise projections from zero to six feet coupled with MHHW. It also illustrates changes in flood frequency and includes visual simulations of flooding at local sites.26 For more information on sea level rise, future flooding, and Hayward, please consult the Adapting to Rising Tides Hayward Shoreline Area Study.
5.1.5 Drought
A drought is a gradual phenomenon that occurs over several dry years, depleting reservoirs and groundwater basins without the expected annual recharge from winter precipitation. While drought does not have any primary impacts in the Bay Area, prolonged periods of drought can cause secondary impacts that can affect the region, including:
• Reduced water supply for crops and livestock feed, impacting the economy centered around the agriculture industry
• Increased wildfire hazard, including more fire starts and more prolonged conflagrations fueled by excessively dry vegetation and reduced water supply for firefighting purposes • Subsidence due to a lowering water table
• May be correlated to high heat conditions.
Drought is not localized, but occurs simultaneously across the region, and may extend statewide or across western states. Drought is a cyclic part of the climate of California, with an average recurrence interval of 3 to 10 years as identified in the Alameda County LHMP.
California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment (https://climateassessment.ca.gov/) suggests the possibility of longer and more destructive droughts with climate change. Therefore, drought conditions are likely to occur in Hayward at least every decade.
A 5-year statewide drought existed in California at the time of the 2015 LHMP update and extended from 2012-2017. After a few wetter years, California is in another drought at the time of this 2021 Local Resilience Plan (see Figure 13). While the drought exists in every California county (per an October 2021 Governor’s declaration), the impacts are locally unique, based on local water supply systems, soil conditions, the typical climate, and vegetation land covering.
The entire Hayward planning area is equally at risk to drought hazard. The effects of drought are managed in the Bay Area through the import of water and the storage of water in reservoirs.
Drought vulnerability is related to three factors: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity.
Although drought affects 100% of the Hayward Planning Area some of its impacts are distributed unevenly. Areas especially vulnerable to drought in Hayward include the high wildfire risk areas in the WUI, where dried vegetation results in increased fire risk. Other vulnerable areas include shoreline and wetland ecosystems, which are highly sensitive to decreased rainfall and freshwater inputs, and which may have limited capacity to adapt to changes.
26 coast.noaa.gov/slr/
Notes
1. Coordinate System: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary
Sphere
2. Data Sources: CGS (2015)
3. Background: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap
contributors, and the GIS user community
Sources: Esri, USGS, NOAA
³
0 2 4
Kilometers
Legend
City of Hayward
Sea Level Rise Inundation
Current
1 foot
2 feet
3 feet
4 feet
5 feet
6 feet
Figure 12
Sea Level Rise Inundation
at High Tide (from 0 to 6 feet)
0 1 2
Miles
San Francisco
Bay
§¨¦580
§¨¦880
§¨¦880
ST238
ST92
§¨¦680
ST84
Hayward Fault
Calaveras Fault
Figure 12: Sea Level Rise Inundation in the City of Hayward Notes
1. Coordinate System: WGS 1984 Web Mercator Auxiliary
Sphere
2. Data Sources: CGS (2015)
3. Background:
³
0 90 180
Kilometers
Legend
Drought Intensity
D0 (Abnormally Dry)
D1 (Moderate Drought)
D2 (Severe Drought)
D3 (Extreme Drought)
D4 (Exceptional Drought) Figure 13
California Drought (Jan. 2022)
in Watersheds the Bay Area
Relies On0 40 80
Miles
Data source(s): USDM (2022), CNRA (2009)
!(1
!(2
!(3
!(4
Watersheds
1. Greater Sacramento River
2. Greater San Joaquin River (includes
Mokelumne and Tuolumne Rivers)
3. Eel and Russian River
4. Local Bay Area Watersheds
!(1
!(2
!(3
!(4
Figure 13:California Drought (Dec.2021) in Watersheds the Bay Area Relies On City of Hayward-Local Resilience Plan 2021
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The United States Drought Monitor is produced by the NOAA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The Monitor releases weekly maps of current drought conditions. NOAA also publishes one year outlook maps for temperature and precipitation.27 The maps project temperature and precipitation twelve months out – describing the conditions as likely below, above, or average.
In response to the recent droughts, the City has undertaken major conservation efforts, including replacing lawns with bay-friendly landscaping, using aerators on City faucets, leaving fountains dry, pursuing recycled water for non-potable uses, and encouraging residents to do the same through a public education campaign. As a result, Hayward has been able to reduce water consumption by 26%.
5.1.6.1 CLIMATE CHANGE AND DROUGHT
Climate change is likely to increase the number and severity of future droughts. The cumulative impact of climate change impacts will result in drier conditions and will alter the timing and efficiency of the Bay Area water supply. An increase in temperature and a reduction in snowpack are the two most direct effects of climate change that will result in a drier state with fewer natural water resources than historically have been available. In Hayward, temperatures are projected to increase between 3 degrees (low emission scenario) and 6 degrees Fahrenheit (high emission scenario).28
The reduction in snowpack does not have direct impacts in the Bay Area as the region does not accumulate meaningful levels of snow. Hayward is adversely impacted by the severe reduction in snowpack in the Sierra Nevada mountains, the source of two-thirds of the Bay Area’s water, including the water Hayward purchases from the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. By the end of the century, the spring snowpack in the Sierras could be reduced by as much as 70 to 90 percent of the historic average.
29 5.1.6 Hazardous Materials Release
Though hazardous materials are a man-made hazard, this plan primarily focuses on the effects of hazardous materials releases secondary to a natural hazard. Hazardous materials have the potential to become a crucial complicating factor in emergency situations. Flooding, earthquakes, and fires can all cause or be exacerbated by hazardous materials release.
The Hayward Fire Department regulates the location, handling, and storage of hazardous materials according to City, State, and Federal laws, and maintains an agreement with the Alameda County and the City of Fremont for hazardous materials response in the event of an 27 http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/multi_season/13_seasonal_outlooks/color/churchill.ph p
28 Cayan, D., et al. (2009)
29 Scripps Institute of Oceanography (2012)
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incident. However, should a regional emergency require a hazardous materials response in other parts of Alameda County or in the City of Fremont, Hayward does not have its own response team to address a simultaneous incident in Hayward.
There are approximately 12,953 businesses in the City of Hayward. A little less than eight percent (8%) of these businesses, approximately 995, use, store and handle hazardous materials or generate hazardous waste in quantities that subject them to local, state or federal regulations. These are referred to as hazardous material facilities and are regulated by the Hazardous Materials Office under the local hazardous materials storage ordinance and the state’s unified program for hazardous materials and hazardous waste management.
Hazardous material facilities in Hayward are diverse, not only in size but also in the nature of their activities and the quantities of hazardous materials involved in their operation. Many are automotive-related such as body shops, dealership service-centers, gasoline service stations, car washes, detail shops and general and specialty repair and maintenance garages, including those in bus, truck, car rental and taxi terminals, and corporation yards. Manufacturing companies produce buses, various specialty foods, packaging materials, medical devices, soap, detergents and other cleaning products, adhesives, sealants, paints and other chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations, and products fabricated from wood, metal and plastic. Retailers and wholesalers include department stores, liquefied petroleum gas terminals, storage batteries, and other specialty stores. There are also service companies, government- owned or private, engaged in dry cleaning, printing, photofinishing, pest control, funeral and cremation, recycling, construction, warehousing and distribution, transportation and delivery, telecommunication, air transportation terminal, sanitation and sewage collection, water distribution, flood control, and fire, police and medical emergencies.
Some 99 hazardous material facilities operate a total of 248 underground storage tanks with a combined capacity of 2,393,500 gallons, 98% of which is motor vehicle fuel like gasoline, diesel and aviation gas in retail gasoline stations, truck and bus terminals, and the airport. The remaining 2% in underground storage capacity is for used oil and solvents. The fuel, used oil and solvents in underground storage tanks are not a special concern during emergency situations because underground storage is inherently safe. Comprehensive and stringent state and local regulations for underground storage are strictly enforced by the Hayward Fire Department to prevent unwanted and accidental releases of hazardous materials into the soil and the groundwater. Air quality standards are also in place to prevent fugitive emission of vapors from underground storage systems into the atmosphere above. Hazardous materials located aboveground, inside and outside buildings or in transport, pose a more immediate danger to the population around them, the emergency response personnel and the environment than those stored underground.
The City of Hayward’s industrial zones are the primary source of hazardous materials within the city. Both major industrial zones are located in areas exposed to flood; ground shaking, liquefaction, and surface rupture in an earthquake; and fire following earthquake. In the case of a flood, water may inundate hazardous materials storage and transport vessels, dispersing the substance(s) contained therein throughout the flood area. Earthquake hazards including ground City of Hayward-Local Resilience Plan 2021
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shaking, rupture, and liquefaction could damage or rupture storage and transport vessels causing a hazardous materials release locally or atmospherically. Finally, a fire following an earthquake may not only damage or rupture hazardous materials storage and transport vessels, but could cause explosions or disperse otherwise localized releases aerially.
Hayward is also exposed to hazardous materials releases in neighboring cities and the Bay, as well as spills that may occur on Highway 880 or Mission Boulevard. The location, dispersion, amount and rate of a substance spilled, and the chemical characteristics of the substance determine the effects of a hazardous materials release. Generally, releases can have public health impacts ranging from no effect or mild chemical irritation to fatality, threaten life and property generally, and can have long long-lasting negative effects on the environment.
In the City of Hayward, the Hazardous Materials Coordinator in the Fire Prevention Office oversees hazardous materials compliance and maintains information regarding the hazardous materials sites throughout the city. The Hazardous Materials Area Plan lays out strategies for preparing for and responding to hazardous materials incidents.
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6. MITIGATION & ADAPTATION STRATEGY
6.1 INTRODUCTION
Identifying and selecting mitigation strategies is the final step in hazard mitigation planning.
Mitigation strategies considered by the LHMP update team and included in this plan are drawn from the following sources:
• City of Hayward 2015 LHMP
• City of Hayward General Plan & Climate Adaptation Plan • ABAG’s 2010 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan • FEMA’s Mitigation Ideas: A Resource for Reducing Risk to Natural Hazards document • Participants in the update process
In selecting mitigation measures, the LHMP update team considered each action’s feasibility, social benefits, economic and fiscal impacts, environmental impacts, and alignment with other City plans and stated priorities.
6.2 ANALYSIS OF MITIGATION MEASURES
As part of development of the 2015 Hayward LHMP, in a series of hazard-specific meetings, City of Hayward staff members from the Development Services, Fire, Economic Development, Police, Maintenance Services, Public Works – Engineering and Transportation, Utilities and Environmental Services, and Hayward Executive Airport departments and divisions were invited to participate in analysis of the mitigation measures. Each participant was provided a form (see Appendix L) listing 23 criteria by which to score the strategies on a scale of “criteria met” to “criteria not met.” Strategies were then ranked based on their total score and selected and prioritized based on an aggregation of participant rankings. While selecting and evaluating mitigation strategies, the plan update team identified natural groupings for the mitigation strategies:
ORGANIZATIONAL PREPAREDNESS: take the necessary steps to be fully trained, equipped, and protected from hazards on an organizational level to enable us to better respond to emergencies.
RETROFIT FRAGILE HOUSING: develop programs to promote and incentivize retrofits for fragile housing types to protect lives and property of Hayward residents and community members.
PUBLIC PROGRAMS: work with the public, school district, parks district and non-governmental organizations to engage the Hayward community in disaster preparedness and hazard mitigation activities to better prepare our community to experience a disaster.
COLLABORATE TO MITIGATE SEA LEVEL RISE: partner with local agencies and private business owners to develop and implement strategies for adapting to sea level rise, resulting in the protection or relocation of industrial, recreational, and cultural assets along the shoreline.
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PLANNING: study and establish plans to mitigate sea level rise, address seismic hazards at the airport, and guide post-disaster recovery.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PROGRAMS: establish and sustainably fund hazardous materials response programs in collaboration with local businesses.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS: leverage the relationship between environmental sustainability and hazard mitigation to reinforce the City’s safe, clean, and green goals and strengthen both programs.
ADMINISTRATIVE PROGRAMS: establish and maintain administrative programs to prioritize and speed disaster response and recovery efforts.
6.2.1 New Mitigation Projects
As stated in Section 1 the focus of the past five years has been working on the comprehensive mitigation projects already identified for Hayward. The progress on all of those is shown in the tables of Section 6.3. The City has identified two new mitigation project – the recruitment and hiring of a City Resilience Officer (CRO), and drought mitigation via the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan. Information on that new projects is as follows:
Strategy
Name*
Chief Resilience Officer: Fund, recruit and hire a Chief Resilience Officer to implement multiple City resilience projects and documents.
Problem
Statement*
The City of Hayward is extremely short-staffed and currently has no dedicated staff to oversee all of its resilience efforts including to manage and direct all of the programs in this Local Resilience Plan. Pending funding, the City will initiate recruitment for this position. Upon hire, the CRO will oversee the projects listed under Actions/Activities below.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* Fire Department
Partners*
FEMA, Cal OES, Alameda County, Chabot, CSU, HUSD, HARD, EBRP, Coast Guard, water pollution control, flood control, Cal Fire, Cal OES, CA Firesafe Council, neighboring jurisdictions
Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
Very High
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Actions/
Activities
Oversight of the following programs:
• emergency management plan update
• organizational and citywide disaster recovery plan
• hazardous materials fee study
• local resilience plan (LRP)
• continuity of operations plan (COOP)
• completing the community risk assessment and standards of cover (to ensure equitable resources and effective deployment models are in place) • Assist emergency services officer with preparedness activities – • organizing and funding large-scale evacuation drills
• facilitate the review and revision of internal policies related to procedures following a natural disaster
• Formalize the cost recovery team
• Assist with Emergency Operations Center (EOC) activities • Co-manage the strategic implementation plan for Hayward Communications Center
Staff Lead New Chief Resilience Officer, Fire Chief
Cost Estimate* Estimated $840,500 for 2.5-year plan
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Implementation of multiple mitigation and resilience plans and projects stalled by lack of staff to oversee them.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
HMGP, Cal OES PREPARECA JumpStart Program.
Timeline* 3-year term
Related
Policies* Not applicable
Strategy
Name*
Water Shortage Contingency Plan: Prepare the City for water shortage considering ongoing and projected statewide droughts.
Problem
Statement*
The City of Hayward, like all of California, is vulnerable to the impacts of ongoing and projected statewide droughts. To mitigate the effects of water shortages, the City has developed a Water Shortage Contingency Plan.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Drought
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
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Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* Public Works & Utilities Department
Partners* Alameda County, San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
High
Actions/
Activities
The Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) is a strategic planning document designed to prepare for and respond to water shortages in compliance with CA Water Code Section 10632, requiring every urban water supplier to prepare and adopt a WSCP (every five years) as part of its Urban Water Management Plan. The WSCP is used to reduce the potential for, and impacts of catastrophic service disruptions such as drought or seismic events.
https://www.hayward-ca.gov/documents/urban-water-management-plan Staff Lead Cheryl Munoz, Water Resources Management
Cost Estimate* Estimated $840,500 for 2.5-year plan
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Implementation of multiple mitigation and resilience plans and projects stalled by lack of staff to oversee them.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
Municipal budget, ratepayers, HMGP Planning
Timeline* 25 year planning horizon
Related
Policies* Urban Water Management Plan
6.3 MITIGATION STRATEGIES & IMPLEMENTATION
The following mitigation strategies and implementation plans have been developed to address the hazards and risks detailed in Section 5. Those indicated as very high priority strategies were identified as such by both City staff and residents who participated in the Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Update online poll, and the City has taken steps to begin implementation over the last five years. High priority mitigation strategies are in the planning and implementation stages.
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Table 9 offers an overview of the mitigation strategies organized by priority. Mitigation strategies by hazard, including more in-depth description of each strategy and its implementation, are provided in detailed tables in Sections 6.3.1 through 6.3.6 of this plan. Each table in these sections contains a new row containing a description of updates for each mitigation project.
Timeframes for projects are either specific (e.g., “2 years”) or identified as “short-term” (about 1- 2 years), “medium term” (about 2-5 years), or “long term” (greater than 5 years).
The mitigation strategies outlined in this plan align with the goals and land use designations of the City of Hayward’s 2014 General Plan (currently also being updated), which also includes climate adaptation strategies. Public feedback was also taken into account in determining the mitigation priorities. There are multiple potential disasters which are all of a concern to citizens; and the City has worked to address all of them in this Plan. The Hayward Fault and earthquakes were frequently cited by the public as priority concerns. Overall preparedness and earthquake retrofits are at the top of the Table 8, reflecting public priorities. This plan will be reviewed during preparation for the Capital Improvements Plan update to determine the feasibility of implementing each mitigation strategy at the time.
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Table 9: Mitigation Strategies by Priority
Priority Level Strategy Group Strategies
Very High Organizational
Preparedness
Employee Education
Emergency Management Plan Update
Tabletop & Field Exercises
High
Fragile Housing Retrofits Single-Family Home Retrofits
Soft Story Retrofits
Public Programs
Public Education
Community Emergency Response Teams
Defensible Space Programs
Organizational
Preparedness
Communications redundancy
Diversify partnerships & MOUs
Acquire Equipment
Participate in the ABAG Regional Lifelines
Council
Collaboration to Mitigate Sea
Level Rise
Implement Adapting to Rising Tides
Multiagency Support
SR-92 Study
Planning
Recovery Plan
Shoreline Realignment Plan
Hayward Executive Airport Seismic
Evaluation
Moderate
Hazardous Materials
Programs
Hazardous Materials Response Team
Hazardous Materials Fee Study
Fragile Housing Retrofits Mobile Home Retrofits
Environmental Programs
Expand Hayward Area Shoreline Protection
Agency (HASPA)
Renewable Emergency Energy Sources
Watershed Analysis
Hillside Landslide Mitigation
Organizational
Preparedness Mobile Command Center
Low Administrative Programs
Building Occupancy Resumption Program
911 Registry
Priority Inspection List
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6.3.1 Multiple Hazards
Strategy
Name*
Employee Education: Develop and implement an employee preparedness program to increase employee knowledge and preparedness.
Problem
Statement*
Hayward’s Emergency Management Plan is 12 years old, and newer employees may not have been trained or may not be prepared for a major hazard and EOC activation.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* Fire, CMO, Human Resources (HR)
Partners* FEMA, CalOES, Alameda County, Hayward Area Parks & Recreation District (HARD), Hayward Unified School District (HUSD), neighboring jurisdictions Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
Very High
Actions/
Activities
Create disaster preparedness awareness campaign and materials, schedule EOC refresher trainings, plan tabletop and field response exercises.
Update
The City conducted a Know Your Zone / AC Alert / Preparedness Campaign in March 2021 and currently ongoing.
The City also implemented Veoci, a software program used for emergency operating centers that shares and exchanges data with Alameda County.
Staff Lead Emergency Management Specialist, Fire Department Public Education & Information Officer, Hayward Public Information Officer (PIO)
Cost Estimate* To be determined on exercises $20,000 / year for Veoci.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Protects employees in the event of a disaster by promoting individual preparedness, increases organizational capacity to respond to a disaster and protect citizens Potential
Funding
Sources*
General Fund, HMGP, Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC), which replaces the former FEMA Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program.
Timeline* 2 year launch program, and ongoing thereafter.
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Related
Policies*
General Plan Goal CS-5.1 Public Education
General Plan Goal CS-5.5 Emergency and Disaster Drills
* Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
Strategy
Name*
Emergency Management Plan: Update and revise the Emergency Management Plan to reflect organizational changes and align with current emergency management best practices.
Problem
Statement*
Hayward’s Emergency Management Plan is 12 years old, and newer employees may not have been trained or may not be prepared for a major hazard and EOC activation.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* Fire
Partners* CMO, Alameda County, FEMA, CalOES, neighboring jurisdictions Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
Very High
Actions/
Activities To be determined.
Update No updates
Staff Lead Emergency Management Specialist
Cost Estimate* To be determined.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Enables efficient management of City resources during emergencies, ensures accurate accounting for City resource expenditures for post-disaster reimbursements.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
Capital Improvement Program (CIP), City of Hayward.
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Timeline* 2 years
Related
Policies* General Plan Goal CS-5.6 Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan * Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
Strategy
Name*
Exercises: Establish regular tabletop and field exercises to improve organizational response capacity and preparedness.
Problem
Statement*
Hayward’s Emergency Management Plan is 12 years old, and newer employees may not have been trained or may not be prepared for a major hazard and EOC activation.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* Fire
Partners* CMO/City Departments, HARD, HUSD, FEMA, CalOES, Alameda County Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
Very High
Actions/
Activities
Run tabletop and field exercises for City executives and staff both internally and in partnership with other organizations. Plan for expansion to include CERT teams, Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Services, and other members of the public.
Update
1. Delivered a five-day training to City staff for City EOC disaster service workers (DSW)
2. Hosted a regional exercise on evacuation and pet care with neighboring jurisdictions
3. Completed EOC Logistics training
4. Developed and delivered COVID response that served as real world training: food distribution, COVID hotline, EOC activation, stood up testing site with regional partnerships, stood up 11 vaccine points of distribution throughout Alameda County, mobile testing and vaccination
5. Stood up community points of distribution for Afghan refugees, organized donations of perishable and non-perishable items
6. Expanded CERT program and in progress of developing a new plan to expand CERT/Neighborhood Emergency Response Team program by creating a formal DSW group that reports to EOC leadership.
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Staff Lead Emergency Management Specialist
Cost Estimate* To be determined. Staff time and department budget used to date.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Improved organizational response capacity and experience in preparation for an emergency.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
CIP and General Fund
Timeline* 2 year launch, and ongoing thereafter.
Related
Policies* General Plan Goal CS-5.5 Emergency and Disaster Drills * Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
Strategy
Name*
Public Education: Create and implement a public outreach program (like SF72 or do1thing) to help “nudge” residents into being prepared and provide information on available city resources. This would be a public education campaign, not a training class (like CERT)
Problem
Statement*
Hayward residents are exposed and vulnerable to many types of natural hazards, and may not be adequately prepared.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* CMO, Fire
Partners* Alameda County, CalOES, FEMA, other jurisdictions, community organizations, HUSD, HARD
Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
High
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Actions/
Activities Design program, secure funding, implement.
Update
In July 2021, the City launched a Know Your Zone campaign to promote evacuation awareness and preparedness.
In March of 2021, the Department launched a campaign to promote wildfire awareness and prepare residents for upcoming demonstrations on how to create defensible space on private property. Delivered four webinars and training materials.
Delivered 954 CERT classes.
Staff Lead Emergency Management Specialist, Fire Department Public Education & Information Officer, PIO
Cost Estimate* To be determined.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Prevents loss of life and property in a disaster, government resources can be allocated more efficiently when residents have the necessary equipment and resources to stay safe during a disaster and survive without regular services during the following recovery phase.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
Urban Area Security Initiative
Timeline* Long-term, ongoing.
Related
Policies*
General Plan Goal CS-5.1 Public Education
General Plan Goal CS-5.3 Emergency Preparedness Kits
* Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
Strategy Name* CERT Teams: Expand the Community Emergency Response Team multi-hazard training program to establish and maintain CERT teams.
Problem
Statement*
Hayward residents are exposed and vulnerable to many types of natural hazards, and may not be adequately prepared.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementation
Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
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Responsible
Agency* Fire
Partners* CMO, FEMA, CalOES, HARD, HUSD
Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
High
Actions/
Activities Create CERT team participation agreement, recruit members and provide training Update None
Staff Lead Fire Department Public Education/Information Officer Cost Estimate* To be determined by participation.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Prevents loss of life and property in a disaster, government resources can be allocated more efficiently when residents have the necessary equipment and resources to stay safe during a disaster and survive without regular services during the following recovery phase, more human capital to respond to emergency.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
Classes held September 1, 2019 – May 31, 2022 were funded by the Homeland Security Grant #2019-0035; Cal OES ID# 001-00000
Timeline* 2 year launch, then ongoing.
Related
Policies*
General Plan Goal CS-5.1 Public Education
General Plan Goal CS-5.2 Neighborhood Preparedness Tools and Resources General Plan Goal CS-5.4 Community Emergency Response Training * Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
Strategy
Name*
Communications Redundancy: Develop hardened/redundant technology and communications systems to ensure ability to communicate internally, with the public, and with other jurisdictions in an emergency, including installing GPS units on traffic signals for traffic preemption in an emergency.
Problem
Statement*
In an emergency, communications networks may be damaged and become unusable.
Hayward does not have a functioning redundant communications system.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
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Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* Information Technology (IT)/Fire
Partners* East Bay Regional Communications System Authority, City General Plan Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
High
Actions/
Activities
Identify, repair, purchase, or install communications redundancies in City of Hayward facilities
Update
1. Purchased two plum cases and approved to purchase two more in FY23.
Council approved CIP budget to purchase satellite phones for City leadership in FY22
2. Upgraded radios to 800 MHz and kept old VHF (very high frequency) radios for redundancy – older version of BK radios that are compatible with any jurisdiction that has BK radios
Staff Lead Emergency Management Specialist
Cost Estimate* Plum Cases $58,000
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Prevents breakdown of communications systems in an emergency, improving ability to assess damage, prioritize, and deploy resources effectively.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
City General Fund
Timeline* Long-term.
Related
Policies* General Plan Goal CS-5.11 Mass Communications Device * Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
Strategy Name* Diversify Partnerships & MOUs: Develop partnerships with suppliers and other jurisdictions for supplies and mutual aid following a region-wide disaster
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Problem
Statement*
In the event of a disaster impacting the entire region (likely an earthquake), partners may not have the capacity to fulfill pre-arranged contracts and mutual aid agreements.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementation
Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* Fire
Partners* FEMA, CalOES, jurisdictions/agencies/companies outside the Bay Area Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
High
Actions/
Activities Develop relationships with appropriate partners, write and approve MOUs.
Update
Strengthened partnerships with local red cross, HARD, HUSD, California State University, East Bay, and Chabot College to provide shelters for residents during large-scale disasters. Finalizing schedule and training for shelter DSWs.
Staff Lead Emergency Management Specialist
Cost Estimate* No additional funding required.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Ensures ability to receive mutual aid in the event of an emergency, including fuel and supplies.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
No additional funding required.
Timeline* 1 year, ongoing.
Related
Policies* General Plan Goal CS-5.10 Mutual Aid Agreements * Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
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Strategy Name* Recovery Plan: Create an organizational and citywide disaster recovery plan.
Problem
Statement* The City of Hayward currently does not have a comprehensive disaster recovery plan.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementation
Mechanism
Long-
Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* Fire
Partners* CMO, City Departments, ABAG, Alameda County, FEMA, CalOES, community organizations, businesses, HARD, HUSD
Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
High
Actions/
Activities Develop and adopt a citywide emergency recovery plan.
Update None
Staff Lead Emergency Management Specialist
Cost Estimate* To be determined.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Help guide the City through the difficult and attenuated recovery process following a disaster, and can foster accelerated economic, infrastructure, and resident recovery.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
HMGP, BRIC, General Fund
Timeline* Medium-term.
Related
Policies* City Council “Safe” and “Thriving” priorities * Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
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Strategy
Name*
Renewable Emergency Energy Sources: Install microgrid technology or emergency generators that run on renewable energy at all appropriate City facilities.
Problem
Statement*
City facilities are equipped with backup generators that may run out of fuel in the event of a long-term or regional emergency in which fuel delivery may be impossible or unreliable, and the generators do not comport with the City’s commitment to renewable energy.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* City of Hayward Department of Public Works &Utilities Partners* FEMA, Alameda County, California Energy Commission (CEC) East Bay Community Energy (EBCE), Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)
Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
Moderate
Actions/
Activities
Design, purchase, install, and maintain microgrid infrastructure or portable solar generators at City facilities
Update
In 2021, City Council approved budget for purchase of solar-powered generators that can be loaned to community/other departments.
EBCE has completed an assessment of City facilities to determine feasibility of installing solar and battery back-up systems. Report from EBCE is expected by February 2022. For more detail, see this Council report from June 15, 2021:
https://hayward.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=4983875&GUID=B7E2C26 B-6C63-45A4-BA3D-A0C5C1DFCA43&Options=&Search=
Staff Lead Emergency Management Specialist, Environmental Services Manager Cost Estimate* To be determined
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Will ensure timely and less costly delivery of essential services in a disaster while preventing further harm to the environment.
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Potential
Funding
Sources*
Capital Improvement Fund, HMGP, CEC grants
Timeline* Short-term
Related
Policies*
General Plan Goal PFS-4.8 Seismic Safety
General Plan Goal PFS-4.12 Renewable Energy
* Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
Strategy
Name*
Mobile Command Center: Install microgrid technology or emergency generators that run on renewable energy at all appropriate City facilities.
Problem
Statement*
The City of Hayward is expected to experience a major earthquake in the next 30 years.
Though constructed to critical facilities standards, City Hall sits on the fault and is the only identified EOC location.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* Fire Department
Partners* FEMA, Alameda County, Police Department
Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
Moderate
Actions/
Activities Select, purchase, and outfit a mobile command center.
Update
Hayward Police Department purchased a mobile command center and will serve as a temporary EOC location in the event of a large scale disaster and City Hall is not functional.
Staff Lead Fire Chief
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Cost Estimate* To be determined.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Will ensure responsiveness and proximity to a disaster, can provide mutual aid during major regional emergencies, strengthens communications redundancy.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
Capital Improvement Fund, HMGP
Timeline* Medium-term.
Related
Policies*
General Plan Goal CS-5.8 Emergency Operations Center
General Plan Goal CS-5.9 New Emergency Operations Center General Plan Goal CS-5.10 Mutual Aid Agreements
General Plan Goal CS-5.11 Mass Communications Device
* Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
Strategy
Name* Participate in the ABAG Regional Lifelines Council Problem
Statement*
The City of Hayward and surrounding community are served by transportation and utilities agencies over which they have little, if any, jurisdiction and to which they have little connection, affecting holistic emergency management, climate adaptation, and resilience planning.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* Fire Department
Partners* ABAG, PG&E, Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
High
Actions/
Activities Participate in Regional Lifelines Council.
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Update Participated from 2016-2020 until COVID-19 shutdown in 2020.
Staff Lead Emergency Management Specialist
Cost Estimate* No additional cost.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Assists the City in preparing for any hazard or other emergency by obtaining information about regional lifeline utilities and their anticipated performance and actions in a disaster.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
No additional cost.
Timeline* Ongoing
Related
Policies*
General Plan Hazard Element Goal 1 Regional Coordination General Plan Goal CS-5.7 Energy Assurance Plan
* Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
6.3.2 Earthquakes
Strategy
Name*
Single-Family Home Retrofits: Develop and launch a voluntary single-family home “Brace and Bolt” retrofit program that educates and provides incentives for homeowners to retrofit. Secure funding for low-income homeowners to retrofit.
Problem
Statement*
The housing stock in the City of Hayward includes a large amount of fragile housing types (i.e., pony/cripple wall and soft story) in earthquake hazard zones, putting residents’ homes and lives at risk.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* Development Services Department, Library and Community Services Partners* U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), California Earthquake Authority (CEA)
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Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
High
Actions/
Activities
Identify affected homes, offer plan check and permit fee waivers, apply for funding, recruit residents to the program, screen and train contractors, retrofit homes.
Update
The City of Hayward piloted the “Brace & Bolt” seismic retrofit program in 2016.
From 2016 – 2018, the program provided seismic retrofit services for 19 low/moderate income housing units.
All retrofit work is done in the crawl space and around the perimeter of the foundation. The approved retrofit is for bolting and bracing--anchor bolts or foundation plates and plywood or OSB sheathing on the perimeter cripple walls.
Staff Lead Deputy Director of Development Services Department, Senior Property Rehabilitation Specialist
Cost Estimate* $34,606.95. in Federal Community Development Block Grant funds were allocated to the Brace & Bolt program.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Prevents loss of life and property in an earthquake, and can protect against long-term housing and economic losses due to uninhabitable or abandoned properties. Allows more residents to shelter in place. Reduces number of ignition sources for fire following earthquake. An estimated 16,000 homes in Hayward could be affected.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
CDBG grants, CEA Earthquake Brace & Bolt (EBB) Program, HMGP, BRIC Timeline* 1 year for funded program, ongoing thereafter.
Related
Policies* General Plan Goal HAZ-2.9 Seismic Retrofits
* Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet Strategy
Name*
Soft Story Retrofits: Develop and launch a mandatory soft, weak, and open-front (SWOF) building retrofit program that offers incentives for property owners to retrofit. (Approximately 900 potential SWOF buildings in Hayward) Problem
Statement*
The housing stock in the City of Hayward includes a large amount of fragile housing types (i.e., pony/cripple wall and soft story) in earthquake hazard zones, putting residents’ homes and lives at risk.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
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Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* Development Services Department
Partners* ABAG, FEMA, neighboring jurisdictions
Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
High
Actions/
Activities
Identify affected buildings, develop standards, pass resolution, survey buildings, require engineering reports, enforce.
Update
The City of Hayward Mandatory Soft Story Screening Program has been implemented. To date there is a total of 479 properties that were targeted in the soft story ordinance. There are 58 properties that were deemed exempt from the soft story ordinance. There are 53 properties that are not exempt. There are 2 properties that are exempt/nonexempt, some buildings onsite that have been retrofitted and some that have not. There are 366 properties that are still pending and/or have not responded to the soft story ordinance survey.
Staff Lead Deputy Director of Development Services, Building Official Cost Estimate* To be determined.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Prevents loss of life and property in an earthquake, and can protect against long-term housing and economic losses due to uninhabitable or abandoned properties. Allows more residents to shelter in place. Reduces number of ignition sources for fire following earthquake. An estimated 900 properties in Hayward could be affected.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
CDBG, HMGP, BRIC
Timeline* 5 years
Related
Policies* General Plan Goal HAZ-2.9 Seismic Retrofits
* Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
Strategy
Name*
Building Occupancy Resumption Program: A Building Occupancy Resumption Program (BORP) authorizes building owners to contract with licensed inspectors who become deputized by the City in the event of an emergency to inspect buildings.
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Problem
Statement*
In an emergency, City of Hayward Code Enforcement and Building staff will be overwhelmed by the volume of inspections necessary to determine building safety.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* Development Services Department
Partners* Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
Low
Actions/
Activities To be determined.
Update
The City is currently has licensed engineers and architects on staff and is contracted with third party inspection agency agencies that should be contracted during emergencies (“Approved Special Inspection Agency” list).
Staff Lead Building Official, Planning Department
Cost Estimate* To be determined.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Assists with economic recovery and prevents loss of life.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
No additional funding necessary.
Timeline* ongoing.
Related
Policies* City Council “Safe” and “Thriving” priorities * Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
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Strategy
Name*
Mobile Home Retrofits: Develop a retrofit program to assist mobile homeowners with purchase or installation of Earthquake Resistant Bracing Systems, Engineered Tie- Down Systems or reinforce foundations. Could include water heater bracing and flexible gas connections to reduce fire.
Problem
Statement*
Many of Hayward’s older residents live in mobile homes, which can collapse in an earthquake. Most of Hayward’s mobile home parks are located in the liquefaction zone.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* Development Services
Partners* ABAG
Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
Moderate
Actions/
Activities To be determined.
Update
The City discussed installing a seismic gas shutoff valve to be installed for low income/mobile homeowners as a potential for gas leak mitigation process in conjunction with strapping of water heaters.
Staff Lead Building Official
Cost Estimate* To be determined.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Prevents loss of life and property, prevents fire after earthquake by protecting gas connections on mobile homes. Allows more residents to shelter in place.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
HMGP, BRIC
Timeline* Medium-term.
Related
Policies*
General Plan Goal HAZ-2.9 Seismic Retrofits
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* Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
Strategy
Name*
Hayward Executive Airport Seismic Evaluation: Complete an evaluation of airport buildings and facilities to determine their anticipated performance in a seismic event.
Problem
Statement*
Though Hayward is located on a fault and the airport in a liquefaction zone, there has been no evaluation of the seismic safety of airport facilities, which are crucial to both emergency response and economic recovery in the event of a disaster.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning
Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* Maintenance Services Department - Hayward Executive Airport Partners* Economic Development, Development Special District, ABAG, CalOES, EERI, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
High
Actions/
Activities Identify funding.
Update Airport is conducting a study in 2022 to determine load capacity of runways and taxiways based on current FAA regulation and guidance.
Staff Lead Airport Manager
Cost Estimate* To be determined.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Provides crucial information about the seismic safety of airport infrastructure so the City can identify and implement mitigation measures to protect city property and preserve the operational benefit of the airport in an emergency, as well as its economic benefit to Hayward.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
Capital Improvements Plan (CIP), HMGP
Timeline* Short-term.
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Related
Policies* General Plan Goal HAZ-2.10 City Facilities
* Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
6.3.3 Fire
Strategy
Name*
Acquire Equipment: Ensure emergency personnel have adequate equipment (radios, breathing apparatuses, protective gear, etc.) for disaster response.
Problem
Statement*
The City of Hayward lacks sufficient equipment for the Fire Department to respond to a citywide disaster.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementation
Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* City of Hayward Fire Department
Partners* CalOES
Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
High
Actions/
Activities
Identify funding to purchase new necessary equipment, purchase and distribute equipment throughout the Hayward Fire Department
Update The Fire Department purchased new radios, new self-contained breathing apparatuses, and is currently ordering turnout replacements Staff Lead Fire Chief
Cost Estimate* To be Determined.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Emergency Personnel will have the equipment necessary to provide adequate support to the community before, during and after a hazardous event.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
HMGP, Federal Assistance to Firefighters Grants, Other Fire equipment-related federal and state grants
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Timeline* Completed
Related
Policies*
General Plan Policy: CS 4.10 Investment in Technology
General Plan Policy: CS 5.11 Mass Communications Devices * Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
Strategy
Name*
Defensible Space Programs: Continue to expand and support vegetation management and defensible space programs in the Hayward hills.
Problem
Statement*
The Hayward Hills is an area of wildland-urban interface susceptible to wildfire endangering hillside homes.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementation
Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* City of Hayward Fire Department
Partners* CalOES, East Bay Regional Parks District (EBRPD), HARD Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
High
Actions/
Activities Identify funding, purchase necessary equipment and expand programs.
Update
In 2021, the Hayward Fire Department was approved for HMGP funding to expand defensible space program. The Department launched an education campaign and will be demonstrating vegetation management activities in June 2022.
Staff Lead Fire Chief
Cost Estimate* To be Determined.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Lives, homes, and recreational resources in the Hayward Hills will be protected from wildfire.
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Potential
Funding
Sources*
HMGP, Federal Assistance to Firefighters Grants, Other Fire equipment-related federal and state grants
Timeline* 1-5 Years
Related
Policies*
General Plan Policy: CS-3.1 Fire Prevention Education
General Plan Policy: CS-3.7 Removal of Fire Hazards
* Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
Strategy
Name*
911 Registry: Create a 911 Registry program for people with disabilities, elderly people, and people with serious illnesses to voluntarily register to a confidential list so first responders know to look for them and respond accordingly in an emergency.
Problem
Statement*
Hayward is home to residents who may be especially vulnerable in an emergency, including disabled and elderly people. The City does not know exactly where all of these residents are located.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementation
Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* City of Hayward Fire Department
Partners* Alameda County, neighboring jurisdictions
Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
Low
Actions/
Activities
Leverage community partnerships through a comprehensive community outreach effort to raise awareness of the registry, maintain records and distribute to relevant staff for use in a future hazardous event.
Update This project remains in discussion
Staff Lead To be determined
Cost Estimate* To be determined.
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Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Emergency workers will have a roster that identifies particularly vulnerable residents, allowing them to prioritize of assistance in the wake of a hazardous event.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
General Fund
Timeline* Long-term.
Related
Policies*
General Plan Policy: CS 1.1 Community Partnerships
General Plan Policy: CS 1.16 Immigrant Outreach Programs General Plan Policy: CS 5.1 Public Education
* Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
Strategy
Name*
Priority Inspection List: Create a list of high-occupancy, high fire risk buildings for expedited inspection.
Problem
Statement*
Some of Hayward’s buildings may be especially vulnerable to fire. In the case of high- occupancy buildings, the problem is compounded by the number of residents.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementation
Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* City of Hayward Fire Department
Partners* City of Hayward Development Services Department Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
Low
Actions/
Activities
Compile list of potential problem properties, engage Code Enforcement Officers to remedy any violations.
Update
A list of high occupancy structures, i.e., high density housing, and high fire risk buildings have been complied so they can be quickly inspected after an earthquake.
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Staff Lead Fire Marshal
Cost Estimate* To be determined.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Proactively prioritizes problem properties, mitigating the number of potential fire related disasters that may occur as a result of fire vulnerable buildings. Reduces the potential for loss of life, injury, and economic damage to Hayward residents and businesses from wildfires.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
City General Fund, existing personnel.
Timeline* Short-term.
Related
Policies*
General Plan Policy: CS 3.2 Fire and Building Codes
General Plan Policy: CS 3.6 Fire Safety Inspections
General Plan Policy: CS 3.7 Removal of Fire Hazards
* Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
6.3.4 Landslide
Strategy
Name*
Hillside Landslide Mitigation: Mitigate landslide risk in the Hayward Hills by improving drainage, reconstructing retaining walls, and installing netting and drought- resistant vegetation.
Problem
Statement*
The Hayward Hills are susceptible to both rainfall- and earthquake-induced landslides, which may be exacerbated by climate change, putting homes, roads, and recreational areas at risk.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementation
Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* Public Works – Engineering & Transportation
Partners* EBRPD, HARD
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Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
Moderate
Actions/
Activities
Compile list of potential problem streets and hillsides, prioritize locations, identify funding, select most appropriate mitigation measures for site, complete construction.
Update Project has not yet started.
Staff Lead Director of Public Works – Engineering & Transportation Cost Estimate* To be determined; varies by location.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Prevents the potential loss of life and homes in the hills, City infrastructure, and recreational areas as a result of landslide.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
HMGP, CIP, Measure C funds
Timeline* Long-term.
Related
Policies* City Council “Safe” and “Thriving” priorities * Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
6.3.5 Flooding, Tsunami, & Sea Level Rise
Strategy
Name*
Implement Adapting to Rising Tides: Implement recommendations and take mitigation measures from the Adapting to Rising Tides report.
Problem
Statement* The Water Pollution Control Facility (WPCF) is at risk of sea level rise and flooding.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* City of Hayward Department of Public Works & Utilities
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Partners*
City of Hayward Development Services Department, ABAG, BCDC, Hayward Area Shoreline Planning Agency (HASPA), East Bay Dischargers Authority (EBDA), adjacent businesses
Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
High
Actions/
Activities
Monitor and participate in regional and State-level research on projected sea-level rise in Hayward and the region, develop guidelines, regulations, and development review procedures to protect this vital municipal asset from floods due to anticipated sea-level rise.
Update
In February 2021, the City, in partnership with the Hayward Area Shoreline Planning Agency, completed the Hayward Regional Shoreline Adaptation Master Plan. More information at https://www.hayward-ca.gov/shoreline-master-plan Staff Lead Water Pollution Control Facility Manager
Cost Estimate*
Projects identified in the Master Plan that will protect the WPCF include:
• Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse Preserve Interim Levee – est cost = up to $20M • Cogswell Marsh Adaptive Management – est cost = $5m
• Hayward LOP (Line of Protection) – PHASE 1 – est cost = more than $20M
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Increase the disaster resilience of the WPCF allowing it to remain operational in the wake of a hazardous event.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
HMGP, BRIC, Capital Improvement Program, Facilities Capital Fund Timeline* Medium-term.
Related
Policies*
General Plan Policies HAZ 4.1-4.5 Rising Sea Levels
Climate Action Plan- Strategy 8- Climate Change Adaptation * Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet Strategy
Name*
Shoreline Realignment Plan: Create and implement recommendations from a mile-by- mile plan to protect public and private assets from and mitigate the impacts of sea level rise on the Hayward shoreline, particularly the WPCF.
Problem
Statement*
Sea level rise and fluctuation between extreme wet and dry seasons that is expected as a result of climate change could overwhelm creek watersheds in Hayward.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
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Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* City of Hayward Development Services Department Partners*
Department of Public Works &Utilities, Alameda County Flood Control & Water Conservation District (ACFC), EBRPD, HARD, HASPA, BCDC, ABAG, private property owners
Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
High
Actions/
Activities
Identify funding, create plan, and implement mitigation measures in partnership with EBRPD and HARD.
Update
In February 2021, the City, in partnership with the Hayward Area Shoreline Planning Agency, completed the Hayward Regional Shoreline Adaptation Master Plan. More information at https://www.hayward-ca.gov/shoreline-master-plan Staff Lead Environmental Services Manager, Assistant Planner Cost Estimate* To be determined.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Allows Hayward to identify specific strategies to and take action to protect shoreline assets from sea level rise and historic floods, particularly the WPCF.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
Capital Improvement Fund, HMGP, BRIC, Wastewater Capital Improvements Plan (WWCIP)
Timeline* 3 years, tentatively.
Related
Policies*
General Plan Policy HAZ-4.3 Shore Realignment Master Plan General Plan Goal PFS-6.1 Interagency Levee Management
* Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
Strategy
Name*
Multiagency Support: Coordinate with and support other agencies and organizations (ACFC, CA Dept of Fish & Wildlife, EBRPD and East Bay Dischargers Authority) to reinforce waterfront infrastructure and plan for sea level rise.
Problem
Statement*
As sea level rise progresses, the marshes along Hayward’s shoreline will become inundated and existing berms will provide insufficient protection against flooding.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
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Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* City of Hayward Department of Development Services Partners* City of Hayward Department of Public Works & Utilities, HASPA, ACFC, CA Dept of Fish & Wildlife, EBRPD, BCDC and East Bay Dischargers Authority Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
High
Actions/
Activities
Monitor and participate in regional and State-level policy and programmatic development on waterfront protection and rehabilitation in Hayward and the region.
Update
HASPA is currently in the process of adding more partner agencies to join the Joint Powers Authority (JPA). Expect to have new expanded membership and new JPA by end of 2022.
Staff Lead Planning Manager
Cost Estimate* To be determined.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Foster collaborative relationships to proactively address sea level rise in Hayward and the surrounding region.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
Climate change-related grant programs
Timeline* Long-term.
Related
Policies*
General Plan Policy HAZ-3.3 Flood Plain Management Ordinance General Plan Policy HAZ-4.3 Shore Realignment Master Plan General Plan Goal PFS-6.1 Interagency Levee Management
* Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
Strategy
Name*
SR-92 Study: Work with CalTrans, ACFC, regional parks, and CA Dept of Fish & Wildlife to determine functional capacity as sea level rises.
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Problem
Statement*
The San Mateo Bridge approach and toll plaza are vulnerable to flooding and sea level rise inundation.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency*
City of Hayward Department of Public Works & Utilities, Department of Development Services
Partners* ACFC, EBRPD, HARD, CA Dept of Fish & Wildlife, CalTrans Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
High
Actions/
Activities
Identify resources, engage and collaborate with local and regional partners to conduct study determining SR-92 functional capacity as sea level rises.
Update
As part of the development of the Hayward Regional Shoreline Adaptation Master Plan, HASPA staff discussed with Caltrans the possibility of building a causeway for the bridge approach. Caltrans will need to complete additional study.
Staff Lead Environmental Services Manager
Cost Estimate* To be determined.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Production of knowledge to drive future capital infrastructure mitigation activities.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
No additional funding required.
Timeline* Long-term.
Related
Policies*
General Plan Policy: HAZ 4.1 Monitor Rising Sea Levels
General Plan Policy: HAZ 4.2 Adapting to Rising Ties
Climate Action Plan- Strategy 8- Climate Change Adaptation
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* Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
Strategy
Name*
Expand Hayward Area Shoreline Protection Agency (HASPA): Expand HASPA to include more shoreline property owners and support with more staff and funding to create a space for sea level rise mitigation planning and action.
Problem
Statement*
Temporary flooding and permanent inundation will affect Hayward’s shoreline and flood- vulnerable areas.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* City of Hayward Department of Development Services Partners* HARD, EBRPD, private landowners, other shoreline agencies Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
Low
Actions/
Activities
Solicit and engage new partners to annex into the HASPA, charge HASPA with facilitating the implementation of LHMP strategies regarding sea level rise mitigation.
Update
HASPA is currently in the process of adding more partner agencies to join the Joint Powers Authority. Expect to have new expanded membership and new JPA by end of CY 2022.
Staff Lead Environmental Services Manager
Cost Estimate* To be determined.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Additional human capital resources to research, identify, and implement shoreline protection policies and programs.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
General Fund, Additional Partner Agency Funding
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Timeline* Long-term.
Related
Policies*
General Plan Policy: HAZ 4.2 Adapting to Rising Tides
General Plan Policy: HAZ 4.3 Shore Realignment Master Plan General Plan Policy: NR 1.4 Shoreline Protection and Enhancement Climate Action Plan- Strategy 8 Climate Change Adaptation * Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
Strategy
Name*
Watershed Analysis: Conduct a watershed analysis to determine areas of insufficient capacity in storm drain and natural creek systems and predict impacts of abnormally high rainfall and sea level rise.
Problem
Statement*
Sea level rise and fluctuation between extreme wet and dry seasons that is expected as a result of climate change could overwhelm creek watersheds in Hayward.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* City of Hayward Department of Public Works: Utilities and Environmental Services Partners* ACFC, EBRPD, HARD
Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
Moderate
Actions/
Activities
Complete the hydraulic analysis of watersheds in the city to identify and predict areas of insufficient capacity, identify funding streams to make necessary improvements to increase capacity, safety, and overall health of the watershed.
Update No update
Staff Lead
Department of Public Works: Utilities and Environmental Services Department of Public Works: Engineering and Transportation Cost Estimate* Medium-term.
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Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Production of knowledge to drive future capital infrastructure investment, which as a result will increase capacity to handle a future flooding event and mitigate any potential damage to the City.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
Capital Improvement Fund, Stormwater-Flooding Management Projects Grants (Prop 1E), HMGP
Timeline* To be determined.
Related
Policies* General Plan Policy: NR 6.6 Stormwater Management * Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
6.3.6 Hazardous Materials
Strategy
Name*
Hazardous Materials Response Team: Plan for, establish, train, and equip a hazardous materials response team.
Problem
Statement*
The City of Hayward has hazardous materials in businesses throughout most of the City. However, we do not have a hazardous materials response plan or dedicated response team.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* Fire
Partners* Alameda County, CalOES, FEMA, private businesses Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
Moderate
Actions/
Activities
Identify funding, purchase equipment, created a training plan, put together a team, execute training plan and ongoing refresher training.
Update
Annual refresher training completed 2015-2021 and on-going. Training includes classroom and drills. The Department could not identify funding but submitted new budget requests to stand up hazmat response team for FY23 and 24.
Staff Lead Operations
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Cost Estimate* $1.2 million.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Allows Hayward to respond to hazardous materials release more quickly and effectively, and allows the City to prioritize hazardous materials release in Hayward in the event of an emergency rendering mutual aid unavailable, such as a regional disaster. Prevents greater damage from occurring.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
CIP, Hazardous Materials Impact Fee
Timeline* Short-term.
Related
Policies* Hazardous Materials Area Plan
* Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitig ation Action Evaluation Worksheet
Strategy
Name*
Hazardous Materials Fee Study: Conduct an evaluation of the estimated costs of hazmat team operations and explore potential funding sources, including an impact fee.
Problem
Statement*
The City of Hayward has hazardous materials in businesses throughout most of the City. However, we do not have a hazardous materials response plan or dedicated response team and currently have no means by which to fund an ongoing hazmat program.
Hazard(s)
Addressed
Earthquake
Ground
Shaking
Earthquake
Liquefaction
Current
Flooding
Future
Flooding Wildfire Landslide Other
Hazards
Strategy Type Evaluation Program/
Operation
Policy
Development Coordination Education/
Outreach
Process/
Implementatio
n Mechanism
Long-Range
Planning
Land Use
Planning
Capital
Planning Operations
Emergency
& Hazards
Planning
Project
Planning &
Design
New
Initiatives
Responsible
Agency* Fire
Partners* Economic Development, CMO, CalOES, FEMA, consultants Priority
(Evaluation
Score)*
Moderate
Actions/
Activities
Identify funding and hire consultant to conduct study and make recommendations for impact fee.
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Update
The City could not identify funding for a consultant. The Department collaborated with Calpine (energy plant) leadership to conduct annual drills and training following a turbine explosion at that facility in May 2021.
Staff Lead Fire Operations
Cost Estimate* To be determined.
Benefits
(losses
avoided)*
Provides the City with an ongoing funding stream to maintain a hazardous materials response team and robust hazardous materials program.
Potential
Funding
Sources*
HMGP, HMEP, Hazardous Materials Impact Fee
Timeline* Short-term.
Related
Policies* City Council “Safe” and “Thriving” priorities * Indicates overlap with FEMA Worksheet 6.1, Mitigation Action Evaluation Worksheet
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7. PLAN MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
This section details the procedures for implementing, monitoring, and updating the plan over the next five years.
7.1 IMPLEMENTATION AND UPDATES
The LHMP/Resilience Plan includes and is built upon principles and policies drawn from existing City plans and priorities. Many of the mitigation strategies listed above align with the General Plan, and City Council’s stated priority to create a safe, clean, green, and thriving Hayward.
7.1.1 Implementation
Implementation is being led by the City departments identified as responsible for each mitigation strategy, with the support and encouragement of the City Manager’s Office and the Emergency Management Specialist. Once the proposed new CRO is hired implementation of many of the projects will be overseen by that position. In the interim Hayward Fire Department Analyst/Project Manager Shanalee Gallagher is leading the implementation. Budget cycles include the allocation of funds for hazard mitigation programs, and the inclusion of necessary hazard-related infrastructure improvements in the Capital Improvements Plan and budget.
However, implementation of most of the mitigation measure in this plan will require securing funding from outside sources.
The status of implementation of the City’s mitigation strategies/projects is provided in the tables of Sections 6.3.1 through 6.3.6 under Actions/Activities. The primary barriers or obstacles to successful implementation or completion of the mitigation actions are staff availability and funding. The City works to find new funding sources on a ongoing basis and the proposed hire of a CRO would help substantially with the staffing issue.
7.1.2 Next Update
In 2025, Hayward will begin the next plan update in per federal regulations. The update process will begin 18 months in advance of the current plan’s expiration. The update will address all sections of the plan, following a similar course to the current update:
• The Fire Chief will convene an interdepartmental update team. If a Chief Resilience Officer is active at the time of the next update, that position will take the lead in convening the update team.
• Staff will consult with other hazard experts and the new analysis will take into account new research and discoveries since the previous plan, as well as new information about climate change and sea level rise.
• Using the information from the Monitoring section (see Section 7.2) and staff’s individual knowledge of City programs, City staff will report on implementation progress since the Plan’s approval.
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• Staff will select mitigation strategies based on any changes in hazard and risk, as well as the mitigation measures completed since the prior plan update. Mitigation measures that have been attempted and lapsed or have not been attempted will be removed, retained, or rewritten. New mitigation measures will be selected as appropriate.
• Community partners and individual members of the public will be consulted for their input in the plan, which will be incorporated into the mitigation strategy selection and prioritization process.
City staff may consider partnering with the Hayward Area Recreation and Parks District and the Hayward Unified School District to create a multi-jurisdictional plan in the future.
7.2 MONITORING/EVALUATION
Currently the Emergency Management Officer (EMO), monitors and encourages progress toward implementing and completing the mitigation strategies in the plan and note the status of each strategy and emergence of additional strategies annually. The proposed new approach is for this role to be taken on by the City Fire Chief, who will designate the EMO or new CRO’s responsibilities for documenting annual plan reviews and committee involvement.
The Fire Chief or his designee will monitor the LRP yearly, with an annual evaluation meeting in between 5-year plan updates. Progress and deadline on the Plan will be tracked using a spreadsheet. The Chief/designee will update the LRP for relevant changes in the Hayward built environment, as well as for substantial socioeconomic or demographic changes. The update evaluation will also include a discussion of how changing conditions could impact community resilience in the long term. The Chief/designee will focus on specific education and communication activities related to the Emergency Operations Center. City staff will also provide updates on implementation progress to the City Council upon request.
7.3 CONTINUED PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
Public outreach and education regarding hazards, risk, mitigation, and preparedness is one of the high priority mitigation measures identified in this plan. Through expanding the City of Hayward’s CERT programs, establishing a permanent CERT team, and conducting a public education and preparedness campaign as well as undertaking many highly visible mitigation efforts (including residential retrofits) the City hopes to create a framework and community for discussion of hazard mitigation among residents, business owners, and other members of our community. Together, we can achieve our mitigation goals and make Hayward a safer, more resilient place.
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GLOSSARY
ABAG Association of Bay Area Governments
ACFC Alameda County Flood Control & Water Conservation District BART Bay Area Rapid Transit
BCDC Bay Conservation and Development Corporation
BORP Building Occupancy Resumption Program
BRIC Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities
Cal-Adapt An electronic clearinghouse for climate change data and scenarios run by the California Energy Commission.
CalOES California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services CalTrans California Department of Transportation
CEA California Earthquake Authority
CEC California Energy Commission
CERT Community Emergency Response Teams
CGS California Geological Survey
CIP Capital Improvements Plan
CMO City Manager’s Office
CRO Chief Resilience Officer
DHS Department of Homeland Security
EBB Earthquake Brace & Bolt
EBRPD East Bay Regional Parks District
EERI Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
El Nino A recurring warming climate pattern across the Pacific Ocean that disrupts global weather patterns and is associated with wetter than normal conditions in the Southwestern United States.
EMS Emergency Medical Services
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
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FEMA Federal Emergency Management Administration
GIS Geographical Information Systems
HARD Hayward Area Parks & Recreation District
HASPA Hayward Area Shoreline Planning Agency
HEA Hayward Executive Airport
HMGP Hazard Mitigation Grant Program
HUD Housing & Urban Development
HUSD Hayward Unified School District
LHMP Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
MHHW Mean Higher High Water
NFIP National Flood Insurance Program
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Plan Set A A plan set based on a prescriptive standard for strengthening single family homes to better withstand earthquake shaking.
SR-92 A state highway running eat-west from downtown Hayward to Half Moon Bay traversing the San Mateo Bridge.
UCERF3 Unified California Earthquake Rupture Forecast 3 USGS United States Geological Survey
WPCF Water pollution control facility
WUI Wildland-Urban Interface
WWCIP Wastewater Capital Improvements Plan
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: PARTICIPATING STAFF
2015 LHMP
Fran David, City Manager
Kelly McAdoo, Assistant City Manager
David Rizk, Director of Development Services
Garrett Contreras, Fire Chief
Diane Urban, Chief of Police
Alex Ameri, Director of Utilities and Environmental Services Morad Fakhrai, Director of Public Works
Todd Rullman, Director of Maintenance Services
Miriam Lens, City Clerk
Frank Holland, Community and Media Relations Officer
David Korth, Assistant to the City Manager
Micah Hinkle, Economic Development Manager
John Stefanski, Management Analyst
Laurel James, Management Fellow
Stacey Bristow, Deputy Director of Development Services Sara Buizer, Planning Manager
Fred Cullum, Interim Building Official
Gary Nordahl, Building Inspector
Arlynne Camire, Associate Planner
Eric Vollmer, Deputy Fire Chief
Vince Hobbs, Emergency Management Specialist
Don Nichelson, Public Information Officer/Public Education Officer
Mark Koller, Captain, Hayward Police Department
Ray Busch, Water Pollution Control Facility Manager
Erik Pearson, Environmental Services Manager
Mary Thomas, Management Analyst
Yaw Owusu, Assistant City Engineer
Fred Kelley, Transportation Manager
Douglas McNeeley, Airport Manager
Allen Koscinski, Facilities Manager
Liz Sanchez, Management Analyst
Avinta Madhukansh, Management Analyst
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Michael Loconte, GIS Specialist
2021 Update
Paul Wheeler, Emergency Services Officer;
Don Nichelson, Hayward Fire Department Public Information Officer; Eric Vollmer, Deputy Fire Chief;
Mike Hildebrand, Battalion Chief (radio expert);
Erik Pearson, Environmental Services Manager;
Bryan Matthews, Deputy Police Chief;
Monica Davis, Community Services Manager;
Jessica Lobedan, Management Analyst;
Laurel James, Management Analyst;
Omar Noozad, Acting Building Official;
Pamela Syrdlin, Airport Operations Supervisor;
Brianne Elizarrey, City Public Information Officer;
Miles Massone, Fire Marshal;
Hugh Murphy, Hazardous Materials Coordinator;
Taylor Richard, Assistant Planner;
Garrett Contreras, Fire Chief; and
Shanalee Gallagher, Fire Department Project Manager
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APPENDIX B: MEETING ROSTERS & TIMELINE
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2015 LHMP PLANNING PROCESS
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APPENDIX C: MEETING AGENDAS
LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING
2015 LHMP UPDATE PROCESS
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT MEETING 1
8/17/2015 Meeting – 3:00 PM, Conference Room 1C
Objectives
- Understand why we are creating a local hazard mitigation plan and how it is created - Understand statutory requirements for community engagement, and how community engagement fits into the overall planning process
- Outline a community engagement plan, lay out a timeline and assign tasks - Get feedback on survey and website
Agenda
1. Why are we creating a hazard mitigation plan?
Handout: 2015 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Memo
2. What does the process entail?
3. How does community engagement factor in?
4. What needs to be done, and who will do it?
Handout: LHMP Community Priorities Survey Draft
5. Website Preview
6. Questions
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LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING
ASSETS, MAPPING, AND RISK ASSESSMENT MEETING 1
8/17/2015 Meeting – 1:00 PM, Conference Room 1C
Objectives
- Understand why we are creating a local hazard mitigation plan and how it is created - Understand statutory requirements for community engagement, and how assets, mapping, and risk assessment fit into the overall planning process - Discuss assets and data sources
- Assign data gathering tasks
Agenda
1. Why are we creating a hazard mitigation plan?
Handout: 2015 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Memo
2. What does the process entail?
3. How do assets, mapping, and risk assessment factor in?
4. What needs to be done, and who will do it?
Handout: LHMP Maps & Data List
5. Questions
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LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING
MITIGATION STRATEGIES MEETING
10/7/2015 Meeting – 1:00 PM, Conference Room 1C
Objectives
- Understand next steps for LHMP: mitigation strategy identification, selection, and prioritization.
- Decide how to best collaborate on identifying, selecting, and prioritizing mitigation strategies moving forward
- Distribute mitigation strategies materials & answer questions
Agenda
1. What are mitigation strategies, and what do they have to do with the LHMP?
2. What is the process for identifying, selecting and prioritizing mitigation strategies?
3. What is our role in this step of the project?
4. Discussion: What is the best way to collaborate moving forward?
5. Questions & Wrap-up
Handouts
- LHMP Handout
- Mitigation Strategies Update Form*
- Strategy Idea Sources
- Strategy Development and Implementation Worksheet
- Example Strategies
- Strategy Evaluation Worksheet
Action Items
□ Complete Mitigation Strategies Update Form (paper or electronic) by Wednesday, 10/21 □ Review & comment on Risk Assessment (will be distributed before Monday, 10/19) □ Share ideas for mitigation strategies with Laurel (Laurel.James@ or x4303) or John (John.Stefanski@ or x3904)
□ Participate in selection and prioritization of mitigation strategies moving forward
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LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING
MITIGATION STRATEGIES MEETING
EARTHQUAKE WORKING GROUP
11/9/2015 – 10:00 AM, Conference Room 4A
Objectives
- Review mitigation strategies for earthquakes and related hazards. - Complete mitigation strategy evaluation worksheets.
- Discuss evaluation results.
Agenda
1. A brief review of the LHMP
2. Mitigation Strategies Development
3. Mitigation Strategies Evaluation
4. Discussion
5. Questions & Wrap-up
Handouts
- Strategy Development Worksheet
- Mitigation Strategies Evaluation Worksheet
Action Items
□ Complete Mitigation Strategies Update Form (for those who have not) □ Review & comment on Risk Assessment (forthcoming)
□ Participate in selection and prioritization of mitigation strategies moving forward □ Review final mitigation strategies selection (forthcoming)
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LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING
MITIGATION STRATEGIES MEETING
SEA LEVEL RISE/FLOOD/TSUNAMI WORKING GROUP
11/10/2015 – 11:00 AM, Conference Room 4A
Objectives
- Review mitigation strategies for sea level rise, flood, tsunami and related hazards. - Complete mitigation strategy evaluation worksheets.
- Discuss evaluation results.
Agenda
1. A brief review of the LHMP
2. Mitigation Strategies Development
3. Mitigation Strategies Evaluation
4. Discussion
5. Questions & Wrap-up
Handouts
- Strategy Development Worksheet
- Mitigation Strategies Evaluation Worksheet
Action Items
□ Complete Mitigation Strategies Update Form (for those who have not) □ Review & comment on Risk Assessment (forthcoming)
□ Participate in selection and prioritization of mitigation strategies moving forward □ Review final mitigation strategies selection (forthcoming)
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LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING
MITIGATION STRATEGIES MEETING
WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE FIRE WORKING GROUP
11/12/2015 – 10:00 AM, Conference Room 4b
Objectives
- Review mitigation strategies for fire and related hazards. - Complete mitigation strategy evaluation worksheets.
- Discuss evaluation results.
Agenda
1. A brief review of the LHMP
2. Mitigation Strategies Development
3. Mitigation Strategies Evaluation
4. Discussion
5. Questions & Wrap-up
Handouts
- Strategy Development Worksheet
- Mitigation Strategies Evaluation Worksheet
Action Items
□ Complete Mitigation Strategies Update Form (for those who have not) □ Review & comment on Risk Assessment (forthcoming)
□ Participate in selection and prioritization of mitigation strategies moving forward □ Review final mitigation strategies selection (forthcoming)
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LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING
MITIGATION STRATEGIES MEETING
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS WORKING GROUP
11/12/2015 – 11:00 AM, Conference Room 4C
Objectives
- Review mitigation strategies for hazardous materials. - Complete mitigation strategy evaluation worksheets.
- Discuss evaluation results.
Agenda
1. A brief review of the LHMP
2. Mitigation Strategies Development
3. Mitigation Strategies Evaluation
4. Discussion
5. Questions & Wrap-up
Handouts
- Strategy Development Worksheet
- Mitigation Strategies Evaluation Worksheet
Action Items
□ Complete Mitigation Strategies Update Form (for those who have not) □ Review & comment on Risk Assessment (forthcoming)
□ Participate in selection and prioritization of mitigation strategies moving forward □ Review final mitigation strategies selection (forthcoming)
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APPENDIX D: SOCIAL MEDIA POSTS & EMAIL REPORT
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APPENDIX E: SURVEY
2015 SURVEY