Initial Study Mitigated Negative Declaration Palm Avenue Complete Multimodal Corridor Project — Imperial Beach City Council, September 2, 2026 (part 5 of 17)

Character-defining/associative features of car washes include:
 Retains most of the essential character-defining features of the type  May have Googie or Programmatic elements, particularly signage and pylons  Of the layouts typical of adapting to the needs of the automobile, specifically the linear layout that allowed movement through different stages of the washing process  May be associated with particular companies and/or architects/designers

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3.4.4.4 Gas and Service Station
Prior to the onset of World War I, gasoline and motor oil was largely either sold in cans at general stores or, beginning in 1905, through crude gasoline pumps that used rubber hoses placed near curbs adjacent to small stores selling auto-related goods. Soon, however, a new technological innovation in the form of an effective standardized pump facilitated the rise of the service station as its own free-standing structure. While there were many variations for the service station, some of which included additional services such as repairs and car washing, the utilitarian filling station was the most common in the 1920s. These service stations usually consisted of a rectangular building that housed offices, restrooms, and service bays along with a canopy covering gasoline pumps and were typically surrounded by concrete and oriented to be conveniently accessible from the road. While this basic form remained popular for decades, as the 1920s went on many service stations became increasingly elegant and elaborate and were designed in popular residential Period Revival styles, such as Spanish Colonial Revival (Prosser and Herrick 2016: 24-34; Beresford 2015; Randl n.d.; History Colorado n.d.; Jakle and Sculle 1994).

During and after the Great Depression, service stations in Southern California tended to be designed in the Streamline Moderne and International styles. As oil and gas companies continued to consolidate power and resources during this period, the desire for consistent branding led to the greatest standardization of service station forms. Walter Dorwin Teague, an industrial designer, created an oblong box service station prototype for Texaco in the 1930s, which soon became a standard form for service stations across the country. The oblong box service stations consist of an often-prefabricated oblong box with a flat roof, canopy, and interior spaces of an office with a large display window, restrooms, and service bays. By 1949, companies such as the California Cornice Steel and Supply Corporation sold prefabricated stations that consisted of a box-like office structure with a large steel canopy that covered multiple pump banks (Prosser and Herrick 2016: 24-34; Beresford 2015; Randl n.d.; History Colorado n.d.; Jakle and Sculle 1994).

In the post-World War II years, some stations began to apply more exuberant Googie elements to appeal to the everincreasing number of motorists, but standardized oblong service stations continued to be the most prevalent form.

By 1960, the multi-pump, self-service station had become common. Anti-car sentiment was increasingly prevalent in the mid- and late-1960s, and some service station designers responded by softening the commercial appearance of their stations by making them more closely resemble 1920s stations with low-pitched gable roofs and imitation wood, brick, or synthetic stone. Another approach was to adopt a more Mid-Century Modern style, exemplified by the prototype that Eliot Noyes produced for Mobil in 1966, which was based on the 1930s oblong box design of Walter Dorwin Teague. In the 1970s, it was most common for gas stations to be constructed with a consistent, standardized plan intended to be nationally recognizable with clear branding/signage (Prosser and Herrick 2016:
24-34; Beresford 2015; Jakle and Sculle 1948).

Character-defining/associative features of gas/service stations include:
 Typically oriented to offer convenient automobile access from the street  Situated on a concrete lot
 Layout and design features that reflect the accommodation of the automobile  May reflect corporate design associated with a particular oil company and/or architects/designers  Early examples may have influences of popular styles of the day, such as Spanish Colonial Revival, Streamline Moderne, and Googie

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 Canopies over service islands are common
 Later examples may be prefabricated
 Typically have an oblong box form and may or may not have service bays depending on date of construction  Presence of corporate/brand signage and/or logos
 May have large windows for displaying goods and services to customers pumping gas

3.4.4.5 Quonset Hut
The Quonset hut structure is a metal semi-circular roof and wall structure erected and attached to a concrete pad and currently used for large vehicle storage. It consists of folded, accordion-like galvanized steel segment walls that spring an arch to form the convex roof. Each segment is attached with steel screws at the fold, then attached to the foundation pad. Although the form first emerged in England during World War I, Quonset huts were pioneered for the U.S. military at Quonset Point, Rhode Island, in 1941 by the George A. Fuller and Company (Decker and Chiei 2005: 2). Fuller and Company’s Quonset hut improved upon the design of the British military’s Nissen hut, designed by Peter Nissen in 1916. The Quonset hut was designed to be constructed quickly with a continuous arch and metal structure that could be adapted for a variety of uses. Throughout its period of popularity, the Quonset hut was used largely used by the military for storage, assembly halls, or barracks. After World War II, manufacturers of Quonset huts such as Great Lakes Steel Corporation and Stran-Steel promoted the adaptive reuse of Quonset huts for civilian life, marketing their products for use as temporary housing for returning veterans, single-family homes, agricultural storage, assembly halls, commercial uses, and light industrial buildings (Decker and Chiei 2005; PCR Services Corporation 2007; HRG 2015: 2-6).

Character-defining/associative features of the Quonset hut include:
 Half-cylinder shape, with wood or metal rib framing
 Rectangular plan
 Clad in corrugated metal sheeting
 Oversized doors
 Steel-frame industrial windows, typically divided-light

3.4.5 Present Architectural Styles

3.4.5.1 Minimal Traditional (ca. 1935–1950)
The Minimal Traditional style was a nationally prevalent style that emerged during the Great Depression. Minimal Traditional homes were designed to be simplistic, economical, and able to be produced at a mass scale. The prevalence of the style was the result of federal policies. Franklin D. Roosevelt enacted the National Housing Act in 1934, creating the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). The Minimal Traditional style house was explicitly preferred in FHA guidelines for homeowners to secure FHA-insured home loans. The style continued to be popular through World War II and the post-war housing boom, due to the increased use of factory-produced materials, the ability to be quickly mass-produced and deployed, and the general rejection of excessive, material-intensive Craftsman, Victorian, or Period Revival styles. The popularity of the Minimal Traditional style faded by the mid-1950s

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as the effects of the Great Depression and war-time fiscal conservativism were forgotten (ARG 2019; Caltrans 2011:
67-70; McAlester 2018: 586-589).

Character-defining features of the Minimal Traditional style for residential properties include:
 Small scale
 One-story or one-and-a-half stories in height
 Low- or intermediate-pitched gable roof with little to no eave overhang  Typically feature double-hung windows with either multi-pane or simulated multi-pane  Window placement occasionally includes two windows set near the building corner  Exterior cladding materials may include vertical and horizontal wood boards, shingles, brick veneer, and board-and-batten siding
 Minimal, limited architectural decoration, usually American Colonial Revival in character  Roof dormers are rare, except on Cape Cod-style Minimal Traditional houses  May have an attached or detached garage

3.4.5.2 Mid-Century Modern (1940–1975)
Mid-Century Modern style (1940–1975) is reflective of International and Bauhaus styles popular in Europe in the early twentieth century. Early Modernists, including Rudolph Schindler, Richard Neutra, and Frank Lloyd Wright, brought many elements of these design aesthetics and material experimentation to Southern California in the 1920s. The development of the Mid-Century Modern style in the United States was largely fostered by World War II. Prominent European practitioners of the International and Bauhaus styles, namely architects Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe and Walter Gropius, fled to the United States during World War II. The United States became a manufacturing and industrial leader. Materials and aesthetics evolved to reflect modern innovations that dominated design and construction following the war.

Mid-Century Modern design was embraced intellectually as a departure from the past, but it was economically appealing for its ability to be mass-produced with standardized, affordable, and replicable designs that could accommodate many programmatic needs and site requirements. There was a need for a style that could meet the demand for mass construction of many property types—from residences to schools to offices—and convey the modern sensibility of an era that valued a departure from the past; middle-class growth; economic efficiency; and new material technology. The designs rarely incorporate applied ornamentation or references to historical styles.

As a result, many industrial buildings in the style are often “decorated boxes”—plain buildings with applied ornament to suit the era and appear more modern without reflecting the activity inside the building. Commercial buildings of this style incorporated new elements such as sleek modern signage, aluminum awnings, and canopies, deeply recessed and or angled vestibules, floor-to-ceiling window walls, integrated planters, and projecting vertical elements. Many property types exhibit the characteristics of the Mid-Century Modern style; however, not all MidCentury Modern designs rise to the level of significant examples of the architectural style. Practitioners of the style were focused on the most cutting-edge materials and techniques. The Mid-Century Modern style was widely adopted in the building boom that followed World War II, particularly in the newly sprawling developments radiating from Southern California’s major urban centers including San Diego and Imperial Beach (ARG 2016: 98; Gebhard and Winter 2003; Morgan 2004; Moruzzi 2013: E6).

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Character-defining features of the Mid-Century Modern style for commercial properties include:
 One to two stories in height
 Low, boxy, horizontal proportions
 Simple geometric forms with a lack of exterior decoration  Commonly asymmetrical
 Flat roofed without coping at roofline; flat roofs hidden behind parapets or cantilevered canopies  Expressed post-and-beam construction in wood or steel  Exterior wall materials include stucco, brick, or concrete  Mass-produced materials
 Simple windows (metal or wood) flush-mounted and clerestory  Industrially plain doors
 Floor to ceiling window walls
 Extensive use of sheltered exterior corridors, with flat or slightly sloped roofs supported by posts, piers, or pipe columns
 Modern signage
 Deeply recessed and or angled vestibules
 Integrated planters
 Projecting vertical elements

3.4.5.3 Contemporary Style (1945–1990)
Contemporary buildings are prevalent throughout the entire United States between 1945 and 1990 and were common in California at roughly the same time. The style rejects traditional decoration and exterior sleekness in favor of its interior, so much so that the plans and façades of the building are less unifying and more a reflection of the interior space’s use. There is also a relationship between outdoor spaces and interior rooms; in residential architecture, this can connect living space to gardens; in commercial spaces, it can provide an outlet from office space to a courtyard, garden, or park (McAlester 2018: 329-634).

Character-defining features of the Contemporary Style for commercial properties include:
 Low-pitched gable roofs
 Exposed roof beams
 Wide, overhanging eaves
 Windows generally in gable ends
 Materials (wood, brick, glass concrete block) evoking a variety of textures  Asymmetrical main façade
 Recessed or obscured entry

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3.4.5.4 International Style (1950–1975)
The International style came to the United States in the 1930s after gaining popularity in Germany, Holland, and France through architects such as Walter Gropius and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The style soon spread to the United States in the 1930s, due in part to Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson’s 1932 book titled The International Style: Architecture Since 1922 for the New York Museum of Modern Art’s exhibition. In their book, Hitchcock and Johnson introduced the term International and identified the three principles of architecture as volume, regularity, and avoiding the application of ornament. These three principles have been the baseline for American International style architects such as Richard Neutra and Philip Johnson. The style became very popular in the mid-twentieth century in almost all forms of architecture, using precise and universal materials and techniques that allowed the style to be used anywhere in the world. The most common application was as the corporate office, creating walls of glass with sharp angles located in the downtown areas of many cities.

The main difference between International style buildings and their predecessors was their lack of exterior support of solid masonry. They often depended on a metal interior skeleton and utilized the curtain wall to clad walls in glass. This dependency on the metal frame resulted in windows being hung in repeating patterns, which brought another level of order to these already stripped-down buildings. Mies’s designs specifically focused on perfection through mathematics, generating rectangular curtail wall designs displaying strong roots in the philosophy of the Bauhaus. This movement incorporated simple and precise designs and incorporated mass-produced materials such as concrete, steel, and glass paired with functionality in design (SFPD 2010; McAlester 2018: 617-621).

Character-defining features of the International style for commercial properties include:
 Vertical box
 Often set on “pilotis” or stilts, giving the appearance of floating  Windows and wall surfaces are on the same plane, providing the look of a taut skin  Tinted and/or mirrored glass
 Repeating pattern of fenestration
 The seamless façade often appears sleek and slippery
 Flat roof structure
 Little decoration or ornamentation
 Open interior spaces
 Smooth wall surfaces, usually clad with stucco
 Large concrete expanses
 Use of modern materials such as metal windows, concrete, and steel  Flush-mounted metal windows

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4 Results of Identification and Evaluation
Efforts

4.1 Records Search Results

4.1.1 Previous Cultural Resource Studies
The SCIC records search results indicate 48 previous cultural resources studies have been performed within the

1.0-mile search radius surrounding the Project area. Of the 48 cultural resources studies, 15 studies intersect the Project area (Table 4-1). Approximately 40% of the Project area has been previously studied, which resulted in the identification of one historic built environment resource, P-37-026582, within the Project area. Table 4-1 summarizes the 15 previously recorded studies followed by a brief summary of the studies that have relevant information to the Project area. The remaining previous studies within the 1.0-mile search radius are provided in Confidential Appendix D.

Table 4-1. Previous Cultural Resources Studies Intersecting the Project Area Report
Number Authors Date Title
SD-00497 CALTRANS 1978 AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT FOR THE

PROPOSED SAN DIEGO BAY ROUTE BIKEWAY (HARBOR
DRIVE TO CORONADO) 112-12-185301.

SD-06267 CITY OF SAN DIEGO 1997 MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION FOR AUTOZONE STORE #2808
SD-07415 TIERRA 2000 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT FOR THE CORONADO

UNDERGROUNDING PROJECT, CITY OF CORONADO,

CALIFORNIA
SD-07422 TIERRA 2001 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT FOR THE CORONADO TEA-21 PROJECT, CITY OF CORONADO, CALIFORNIA
SD-11648 U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE

SERVICE
2006 HABITAT HEROES RESTORATION PROJECT, SOUTH SAN

DIEGO BAY NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, SAN DIEGO

COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
SD-12571 LAGUNA MOUNTAIN
ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
2009 AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND TESTING FOR THE
PALM AVENUE CARWASH AT 1440 PALM AVENUE, CITY OF

SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA
SD-13884 ACE ENVIRONMENTAL 2012 AT&T SITE SS0048 POWERHOUSE LTE 600 PALM AVENUE IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA 91932
SD-14165 RINCON CONSULTANTS,
INC.
2013 PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY BERNARDO

SHORES PROJECT, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
SD-14554 FISH AND WILDLIFE

SERVICES
2013 TERMINATION OF MOA FOR THE WESTERN SALT COMPANY
SALT WORKS PONDS 10, 10A, AND 11 TO SALT MARSH

HABITAT ON THE SAN DIEGO BAY UNIT OF THE SAN DIEGO

BAY NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, SAN DIEGO COUNTY,

CALIFORNIA

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Table 4-1. Previous Cultural Resources Studies Intersecting the Project Area Report
Number Authors Date Title
SD-15587 EAS 2013 CULTURAL RESOURCES RECORDS SEARCH AND SITE VISIT

RESULTS FOR T-MOBILE WEST, LLC CANDIDATE
SD06052A (SD0652A POWERHOUSE GYM) 600 PALM

AVENUE, IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY,

CALIFORNIA
SD-15588 EAS 2013 DIRECT APE HISTORIC ARCHITECTURAL ASSESSMENT FOR T-MOBILE WEST, LLC CANDIDATE SD06052A (SD0652A
POWERHOUSE GYM) 600 PALM AVENUE, IMPERIAL

BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
SD-16445 UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF THE

INTERIOR
2010 FWS091214A - ADVERSE EFFECT FINDING FOR THE

PROPOSED RESTORATION OF THREE SALT PONDS ON THE

SOUTH BAY UNIT OF THE SAN DIEGO NATIONAL WILDLIFE

REFUGE, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
SD-16641 LAGUNA MOUNTAIN
ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
2012 AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND TESTING REPORT FOR
THE PALM AVENUE CARWASH AT 1440 PALM AVENUE CITY
OF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA (APN 616-020-18-00,
PROJECT 155821, JOB 43-0870)
SD-17953 PEREZ, DON C. 2019 CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY DOLPHIN BAY IB / CAL01775 FA 14709139, 750 13TH STREET, SUITE #764,

IMPERIAL BEACH, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
SD-19078 VOLTA, BENIAMINO and

WAYNE GLENNY
2020 CULTURAL RESOURCE TECHNICAL REPORT
(CONFIDENTIAL) WETLAND MITIGATION BANK OF POND 20

AND PORT MASTER PLAN, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA
SD-00497
This is an archaeological survey report for the Proposed San Diego Bay Route Bikeway project prepared by Caltrans in 1978 (Corum 1978). The study covers approximately 10% of the current Project area. The study consisted of a records search and a field survey, which covered approximately 12 miles. As a result of the survey, four prehistoric sites were identified and four isolates were observed. It was recommended that alternate routes be used to avoid these sites or the implementation of a program to determine the potential significance of these resources. However, none of these resources are located within the current Project area.

SD-07415
This is an archaeological survey report for the Coronado Undergrounding project prepared by Tierra Environmental Services in 2000 (Pigniolo 2000). The study covers approximately 25% of the current Project area. The study consisted of a records search and a field survey, which covered approximately a 1.5-mile alignment. The survey resulted in the identification of six archaeological sites within or directly adjacent to the Project area. A Phase I testing program was recommended, which may be needed to address effects to these resources if they cannot be avoided. However, none of these resources are located within the current Project area.

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SD-07422
This is an archaeological survey report for the Coronado TEA-21 project prepared by Tierra Environmental Services in 2001 (Pigniolo 2001). The study covers approximately 10% of the current Project area. The study consisted of a records search and a field survey, which covered approximately a 3-mile alignment. The survey resulted in the identification of six archaeological sites within or directly adjacent to the Project area. A Phase I testing program was recommended, which may be needed to address effects to these resources if they cannot be avoided. However, none of these resources are located within the current Project area.

SD-14165
This is a Phase I cultural resources survey for the Bernardo Shores project prepared by Rincon Consultants in 2013 (Haas et al. 2013). The study covers approximately 10% of the current Project area. The study consisted of a records search and a field survey, which covered approximately 9 acres. The survey did not identify any cultural resources within the project; however, one cultural resource, P-37-026582, was observed adjacent to the project area and is located within the current Project area. No further mitigation was recommended for this study.

SD-16641
This is an archaeological resource survey and testing report for the Palm Avenue Carwash at 1440 Palm Avenue prepared by Laguna Mountain Environmental, Inc. in 2012 (Pigniolo 2012). The study covers approximately 10% of the current Project area. The study consisted of a records search, field survey, testing, and evaluation, which covered approximately 0.94 acres. The survey identified one cultural resource, CA-SDI-04360. Testing at the site was conducted to assess the integrity of the resource. The study recommended cultural resources monitoring for the portion of the resource that intersected the project area. However, this resource is not located within the current Project area.

4.1.2 Previously Recorded Cultural Resources
The SCIC records search identified a total of eight previously recorded cultural resources within the 1.0-mile search radius of the Project area; one built environment resource, P-37-026582 (Western Salt Company Salt Works), intersects the Project area (Table 4-2). The remaining seven previously recorded resources consist of four prehistoric resources, two historic resources, and one multicomponent resource. The results of the records search and all California Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) forms are attached as part of Confidential Appendix E.

Table 4-2. Previously Recorded Cultural Resources in the 1.0-Mile Search Radius of the Project Area
Primary
Number Trinomial (CA-) Age Description Eligibility for CRHR Intersecting the Project area
P-37-026582 - Historic Western Salt Company Salt
Works Salt Ponds and
Levees
Recommended
eligible for NRHP
listing under Criteria
A and C

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Table 4-2. Previously Recorded Cultural Resources in the 1.0-Mile Search Radius of the Project Area
Primary
Number Trinomial (CA-) Age Description Eligibility for CRHR Outside of the Project area
P-37-000056 CA-SDI-000056 Prehistoric Campsite Not evaluated P-37-004360 CA-SDI-004360 Prehistoric Lithic scatter, shell scatter, midden, habitation debris,
hearths,
Significant under
CEQA under Criterion
4 P-37-004636 CA-SDI-004636 Prehistoric Habitation debris, midden Not evaluated P-37-013073 CA-SDI-013073 Historic Railroad grades Not evaluated P-37-014010 CA-SDI-013968 Multicomponent Lithic scatter, shell scatter, habitation debris; historic
railroad
Not significant
P-37-032932 - Historic Building Not significant
P-37-031061 CA-SDI-019712 Prehistoric Lithic scatter, ceramic scatter, burial, hearth/pits,
habitation debris, shell
scatter, midden
Recommended
eligible under Criteria
A and D of the NRHP
and Criteria 1 and 4
of the CRHR
Notes: CRHR = California Register of Historical Resources; NRHP = National Register of Historic Places; CEQA = California Environmental Quality Act.

P-37-026582
P-37-026582, the Western Salt Company Salt Works Ponds and Levees, consists of 18 condensation ponds and 14 crystallization ponds divided by man-made earthen levees. The salt ponds and levees are a contributing element of the salt works. The Western Salt Company Salt Works has been operating for more than 100 years. It is the only salt works still operating in San Diego County. The Western Salt Company Salt Works salt works facilities were first recorded in 2001 by Carrie Gregory and Angie Gustafson of EDAW. In 2001, the salt works was recommend as significant under Criterion A of the NRHP because it has played an important role in the solar salt industry in Southern California from 1916 until the present day. It was also recommended eligible for NRHP listing under Criterion C, as it was interpreted to embody the distinctive characteristics of a solar salt processing facility of the era. The Status Code assigned was 4x. In 2012, Dudek archaeologist Adam Giacinto provided a DPR update for Western Salt Company Salt Works Ponds and Levees. This update did not include an updated evaluation or a recommended Status Code.

4.2 Field Survey Results

4.3 Archaeology
Dudek archaeologist Makayla Murillo, accompanied by RedTail Environmental Native American monitor Anthony LaChappa, conducted a reconnaissance-level pedestrian survey of the Project area on May 15, 2025, using standard archaeological procedures and techniques. All survey work was conducted employing standard archaeological procedures and techniques consistent with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards. Formal

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15-meter transects were used for approximately 10% of the Project area, specifically in the northwestern and northeastern portions of the Project area, which consisted of undeveloped and vacant land situated along the marine terraces, salt flats, and coastal marshlands.

The ground surface was examined for prehistoric artifacts (e.g., flaked stone tools, tool-making debris, stone milling tools, ceramics, fire-affected rock), soil discoloration that might indicate the presence of a cultural midden, soil depressions, features indicative of the current or former presence of structures or buildings (e.g., standing exterior walls, post holes, foundations), and historic artifacts (e.g., metal, glass, ceramics, building materials). Ground disturbances such as burrows, cut banks, and drainages were also visually inspected for exposed subsurface materials.

The Project area is situated along the segment of Palm Avenue right-of-way between Rainbow Drive and Georgia Street. The topography of the Project area is characterized as relatively flat and low-lying terrain. The majority of the Project area has been disturbed (90%), evidenced by the development of Palm Avenue; residential, commercial, and industrial buildings; roadways; parking lots; and Triangle Park. The ground visibility of the Project area was poor (0%–10%) and obscured by hardscape, imported gravel, and moderate vegetation (Exhibit 4-1). In open areas such as undeveloped vacant land in the northwestern and northeastern portions of the Project area, ground visibility was very good (50%–75%) (Exhibit 4-2). Storm drain infrastructure is located within the northwestern portion of the Project area (Exhibit 4-3). Additionally, concrete rubble and a light amount of modern debris (food/beverage trash, clothing, car parts) are strewn throughout the Project area (Exhibit 4-4).

Vegetation along the segment of Palm Avenue right-of-way consisted of various invasive and non-native bunch grasses, agave, beaver tail cactus, ice plant, and palm trees. Vegetation within the northwestern and northeastern portions of the Project area consisted of sage scrub, coastal and valley freshwater marsh, and mixed chaparral plant communities, and includes California sagebrush and chamise. The soil in the northwestern and northeastern portions of the Project area consisted of loosely compacted, reddish-brown, estuarine, strandline mixture of siltstone and sandstone.

During the pedestrian survey, one newly identified historic-age site, PA-MM-S-001, was identified on the ground surface within the northwestern portion of the Project area. The newly identified resource intersects the mapped boundary of the previously recorded resource, P-37-026582 Western Salt Company Salt Works. However, P-37- 026582 is a built environment resource consisting of structural and architectural elements consistent with a historic district and no associated artifacts have been documented.

A DPR 523 (Series 1/95) form was prepared with additional maps and documentation of this resource. The DPR 523 form is provided in Confidential Appendix E and will be submitted to the SCIC of the CHRIS at SDSU.

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Exhibit 4-2. Overview of northwestern portion of Project area, facing west.

Exhibit 4-1. Overview of Palm Avenue and landscaped area, view to the west.

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Exhibit 4-3. Overview of storm drain infrastructure in northwestern portion of the Project area, facing east.

Exhibit 4-4. Overview of modern debris and the imported gravel in the northeastern portion of the Project area, facing west.

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4.4 Newly Identified Resource
During the cultural resources pedestrian survey, one newly recorded historic-age resource, PA-MM-S-001, was identified within the northwestern portion of the Project area.

4.4.1 PA-MM-S-001
PA-MM-S-001 consists of a large refuse scatter identified on the ground surface during the cultural resources survey. The refuse scatter is located within the northwestern portion of the Project area, located outside of Palm Avenue’s right-of-way. The scatter covers an approximately 257-feet-north/south by 89-feet-east/west area.

Artifacts found at the site include more than 1,000 non-diagnostic glass and ceramic fragments and are presented in detail in Table 4-3 below (Exhibit 4-5).

One diagnostic artifact was identified within the refuse scatter with product and a maker’s marks that provided date ranges. The diagnostic artifact consists of one complete colorless bottle measuring 3 inches by 1.5 inches by

0.75 inches and was found on the ground surface (Exhibit 4-6). The bottle contains the maker’s mark, “drene,” embossed on the base. This bottle is a shampoo product made by Procter & Gamble of Cincinnati, Ohio. The shampoo bottle dates between 1937 and 1970 (Smithsonian Institution n.d.) (Exhibit 4-7). The presence of this bottle in association with the larger non-diagnostic refuse scatter suggests that the scatter contains other historicage artifacts, making this resource an archaeological site rather than an archaeological isolate. Though PA-MM-S001 is located within the boundary of the built environment resource P-37-026582, the Western Salt Company Salt Works, there is no evidence associating the two resource types, so they are considered separate resources.

Disturbances within the resource boundary include the development of Palm Avenue to the west, the storm drain infrastructure to the southwest, residential development to the south, and the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge to the north and east. Vegetation within the resource boundary consists of sage scrub, coastal and valley freshwater marsh, and mixed chaparral plant communities, and includes California sagebrush and chamise. The soil consists of loosely compacted, reddish-brown, estuarine, strandline mixture of siltstone and sandstone.

PA-MM-S-001 was identified outside of the Palm Avenue right-of-way. The proposed Project activities are confined to the Palm Avenue right-of-way, so the Project will avoid impacts to PA-MM-S-001 (Confidential Appendix E).

Table 4-3. Summary of Non-Diagnostic Artifacts Recovered from PA-MM-S-001 Artifact Class Artifact Type Material Type Color/Condition Count Domestic Consumable Bottles Glass Cobalt Blue 20
Domestic Consumable Bottles/jars Glass Colorless 700
Domestic Consumable Bottles Glass Green 100
Domestic Consumable Bottles Glass Amythyst 20
Domestic Consumable Bottles Glass Amber 100
Domestic, Kitchen Ceramic Kitchen and Tableware Ceramic Whiteware 40

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Exhibit 4-5. Overview of PA-MM-S-001, view facing south.

Exhibit 4-6. Overview of complete shampoo bottle.

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Exhibit 4-7. Advertisement for Drene shampoo bottle.

Source: https://www.vintage-adventures.com/vintage-cosmetics-beauty-shaving-ads/62-1937-drene-shampoo-ad-the-amazingshampoo.html.

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4.4.2 Built Environment
Thirty-eight built environment cultural resources were noted in the API; 37 of the resources required inventory and evaluation. These resources are summarized in Table 4-4. Each resource is described and evaluated below. Full DPR forms that include more detailed information on the properties discussed below are available in Appendix F.

Table 4-4. Built Environment Resources Located Within the Area of Potential Impacts Map
ID APN Address/Name Year Built Evaluation Status
1 626-070-58-00 690 Highway 75, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1959 Previously unevaluated 2 626-070-59-00 698 Highway 75, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1959 Previously unevaluated 3 626-201-06-00 720-30 Highway 75, Imperial Beach, CA 1962 Previously unevaluated 4 626-212-32-00 932-38 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1972 Previously unevaluated 5 626-212-35-00 940-42 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1954 Previously unevaluated 6 626-221-20-00 950 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1960 Previously unevaluated 7 626-221-12-00 986 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA pre-1953; ca. 1959
Previously unevaluated
8 626-221-11-00 670-72 10th Street, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1950 Previously unevaluated 9 626-222-25-00 1058-64 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1959 Previously unevaluated 10 626-162-17-00 1100 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1975 Previously unevaluated 11 626-170-07-00 1130 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1953 Previously unevaluated 12 626-170-06-00 1138 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1953 Previously unevaluated 13 626-170-05-00 1144-48 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1952 Previously unevaluated 14 626-230-05-00 1158 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1978 Previously unevaluated 15 626-230-20-00 1180 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1972 Previously unevaluated 16 626-241-27-00 1200-20 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1974 Previously unevaluated 17 626-241-19-00 1228 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1948 Previously unevaluated 18 626-241-28-00 1240 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1952 Previously unevaluated 19 626-242-10-00
and
626-242-11-00
1288-90 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1950 Previously unevaluated 20 627-012-09-00 1337 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1967 Previously unevaluated 21 626-312-01-00 1253 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1979 Previously unevaluated 22 626-311-15-00 1237-39 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1965 Previously unevaluated 23 626-311-14-00 1221-35 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1964 Previously unevaluated 24 626-311-02-00 1215 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1953 Previously unevaluated 25 626-311-01-00 1205 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1962 Previously unevaluated 26 626-302-16-00 1185 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1972 Previously unevaluated 27 626-302-02-00 1177-81 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1972 Previously unevaluated 28 626-302-20-00 1155 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1972 Previously unevaluated 30 626-301-23-00 1115 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1953 Previously unevaluated 31 626-291-14-00 1085 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1964 Previously unevaluated 32 626-291-15-00;
626-291-01-00
1003 and 1025 Palm Avenue, Imperial
Beach, CA
1003 Palm
Avenue 1950;
Previously unevaluated

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Table 4-4. Built Environment Resources Located Within the Area of Potential Impacts Map
ID APN Address/Name Year Built Evaluation Status
1025 Palm
Avenue 1963
33 626-282-22-00 995 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1950 Previously unevaluated 34 626-282-21-00 987-89 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 987 Palm pre1953; 989 Palm ca.
1959
Previously unevaluated
35 626-282-03-00 975 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1959 Previously unevaluated 36 626-282-01-00 951 Palm Avenue/715 Emory Street,
Imperial Beach, CA
1948 Previously unevaluated
37 N/A Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1903;
realigned ca.
1953
Previously unevaluated
38 N/A Palm Avenue Storm Drain, Imperial Beach, CA Early 1950s Previously unevaluated Notes: APN = Assessor’s Parcel Number; ca. = circa; N/A = not applicable.

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5 Summary of Findings and Management
Considerations
As a result of Dudek’s research, field survey, and property significance evaluations, the following section presents a summary of eligibility for the subject properties in the API and management recommendations. The current cultural resources inventory was completed to satisfy the requirements of CEQA.

5.1 Archaeological Resources Findings
Dudek conducted a cultural resources inventory of the entire Project area. In accordance with CEQA and the City of Imperial Beach General Plan/Local Coastal Program Land Use Plan (2019), Dudek performed a cultural resources inventory for the entire Project area. The City has been designated as lead agency for this Project and is responsible for compliance with CEQA and local regulations.

The cultural resources inventory included a records search, archival information and literature review, Native American correspondence, and a reconnaissance-level pedestrian survey. The records search identified 48 previously conducted cultural resources studies within the 1.0-mile search radius of the Project area; 15 of the cultural resource studies intersect the Project area. Additionally, the records search indicated eight previously recorded cultural resources are located within the 1.0-mile search radius of the Project area; one historic-age built environmental resource intersects the Project area.

The review of historical aerials reveals that the majority of the Project area (90%) has been previously disturbed and undergone previous ground-disturbing activities, evidenced by the development of Palm Avenue; residential, commercial, and industrial buildings; roadways; parking lots; and Triangle Park as early as 1953. However, the depth of the ground-disturbing activities is not apparent from the historical aerial photographs or historical topo maps.

During the cultural resources pedestrian survey, one newly recorded historic-age resource, PA-MM-S-001, was identified within the northwestern portion of the Project area. PA-MM-S-001 is a large historic-age refuse scatter consisting of more than 1,000 glass and ceramic fragments found on the ground surface. This resources was identified outside of the Palm Avenue right-of-way. Proposed Project activities are confined to the Palm Avenueright-of-way so the Project will avoid impacts to PA-MM-S-001 (Confidential Appendix E).

Dudek’s cultural resources inventory of the Project area indicates that there is a low-to-moderate sensitivity for identifying subsurface cultural resources deposits during Project implementation within areas that have not been previously disturbed. Based on the results of the SCIC records search, the NAHC SLF search, presence of the previously recorded resource, P-37-026582 (Western Salt Company Salt Works) and the newly identified resource, PA-MM-S-001 (historic-age refuse), Dudek recommends that a qualified archaeologist and Kumeyaay Native American monitor be present during all initial ground-disturbing activities where excavation depth would reach native soils to confirm that there are no subsurface deposits. If disturbed sediments (e.g., fill) or other sediments and formations are identified that do not have potential to contain cultural resources, then monitoring may be reduced or terminated. The monitoring program should be performed in accordance with City guidelines and must be directed by a City-qualified archaeologist (Principal Investigator). The following recommendations are suggested in the event that cultural resources or human remains are encountered during construction activities.

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Archaeological and Native American Monitoring
Dudek recommends full-time archaeological and Native American monitoring during the initial ground-disturbing activities that occur above the water line for the Project. Monitoring of disturbances occurring underwater is not required. The monitoring program should be performed in accordance with City guidelines and must be directed by a City-qualified archaeologist (Principal Investigator). If human remains are identified, construction activities in the immediate area must cease and the Project proponents must adhere to the procedures outlined in PRC Section 5057.98 and State Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5.

Unanticipated Discovery of Archaeological Resources
In the event that archaeological resources (sites, features, or artifacts) are exposed during construction activities for the Project, all construction work occurring within 100 feet of the find shall immediately stop. Upon discovery, the construction manager (CM) shall immediately notify the Resident Engineer (RE). The RE or CM shall immediately notify Mitigation Monitoring Coordinator (MMC) by phone and will provide written notification to MMC within 24 hours. No work at the location of discovery shall occur until a City-qualified archaeologist (Principal Investigator) meeting the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards can evaluate the significance of the find and determine whether or not additional study is warranted. If the discovery is clearly not significant (e.g., an isolate) the archaeologist may simply record the find; notify the MMC, RE, and CM; and allow work to continue. If the discovery proves potentially significant under CEQA, additional work such as preparation of an archaeological treatment plan, testing, or data recovery may be warranted.

Unanticipated Discovery of Human Remains
In accordance with Section 7050.5 of the California Health and Safety Code, if human remains are found, the County Coroner shall be immediately notified of the discovery. No further excavation or disturbance of the site or any nearby area reasonably suspected to overlie adjacent remains shall occur until the appropriate treatment and disposition of the human remains. If the County Coroner determines that the remains are, or are believed to be, Native American, he or she shall notify the NAHC in Sacramento within 24 hours. In accordance with PRC Section 5097.98, the NAHC must immediately notify the person or persons it believes to be the MLD from the deceased Native American. The MLD shall make recommendations for the treatment and disposition, in consultation with the property owner, of the human remains within 48 hours of being granted access to the site.

5.2 Built Environment Findings
No historical resources or historic properties were identified within the Project API as a result of archival research, a records search, field survey, and significance evaluations. The subject properties are not currently listed in any national, state, or local registers, nor have they been previously identified in any local historical resources surveys.

Dudek evaluated the resources in the API in accordance with Section 15064.5(a)(2)-(3) of the CEQA Guidelines using the criteria outlined in Section 5024.1 of the PRC and found that none of the resources within the API are considered historical resources for the purposes of CEQA. The recommended Status Code for Map IDs 1–38 is 6Z.

A summary of the findings is provided below in Table 5-1.

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Table 5-1. Summary of Significance Evaluations and Findings Map
ID APN Address/Name Year Built
NRHP/
CRHR
Eligibility
Assigned
California
Historical
Resource
Status
Code
Newly Recorded Within the API
1 626-070-58-00 690 Highway 75, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1959 Ineligible 6Z 2 626-070-59-00 698 Highway 75, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1959 Ineligible 6Z 3 626-201-06-00 720-30 Highway 75, Imperial Beach, CA 1962 Ineligible 6Z 4 626-212-32-00 932-38 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1972 Ineligible 6Z 5 626-212-35-00 940-42 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1954 Ineligible 6Z 6 626-221-20-00 950 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1960 Ineligible 6Z 7 626-221-12-00 986 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA Pre-1953 and ca.
1959
Ineligible 6Z
8 626-221-11-00 670-72 10th Street, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1950 Ineligible 6Z 9 626-222-25-00 1058-64 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1959 Ineligible 6Z 10 626-162-17-00 1100 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1975 Ineligible 6Z 11 626-170-07-00 1130 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1953 Ineligible 6Z 12 626-170-06-00 1138 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1953 Ineligible 6Z 13 626-170-05-00 1144-48 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1952 Ineligible 6Z 14 626-230-05-00 1158 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1978 Ineligible 6Z 15 626-230-20-00 1180 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1972 Ineligible 6Z 16 626-241-27-00 1200-20 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1974 Ineligible 6Z 17 626-241-19-00 1228 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1948 Ineligible 6Z 18 626-241-28-00 1240 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1952 Ineligible 6Z 19 626-242-10-00
and
626-242-11-00
1288-90 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1950 Ineligible 6Z 20 627-012-09-00 1337 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1967 Ineligible 6Z 21 626-312-01-00 1253 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1979 Ineligible 6Z 22 626-311-15-00 1237-39 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1965 Ineligible 6Z 23 626-311-14-00 1221-35 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1964 Ineligible 6Z 24 626-311-02-00 1215 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1953 Ineligible 6Z 25 626-311-01-00 1205 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1962 Ineligible 6Z 26 626-302-16-00 1185 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1972 Ineligible 6Z 27 626-302-02-00 1177-81 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1972 Ineligible 6Z 28 626-302-20-00 1155 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1972 Ineligible 6Z 30 626-301-23-00 1115 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1953 Ineligible 6Z 31 626-291-14-00 1085 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1964 Ineligible 6Z 32 626-291-15-00;
626-291-01-00
1003 and1025 Palm Avenue, Imperial
Beach, CA
1003
Palm
Ineligible 6Z

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Table 5-1. Summary of Significance Evaluations and Findings Map
ID APN Address/Name Year Built
NRHP/
CRHR
Eligibility
Assigned
California
Historical
Resource
Status
Code
Newly Recorded Within the API
Avenue
1950;
1025
Palm
Avenue
1963
33 626-282-22-00 995 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 1950 Ineligible 6Z 34 626-282-21-00 987-89 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA 987 Palm pre1953;
989 Palm
ca. 1959
Ineligible 6Z
35 626-282-03-00 975 Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1959 Ineligible 6Z 36 626-282-01-00 951 Palm Avenue/715 Emory Street,
Imperial Beach, CA
1948 Ineligible 6Z
37 N/A Palm Avenue, Imperial Beach, CA ca. 1903;
realigned
ca. 1953
Ineligible 6Z
38 N/A Palm Avenue Storm Drain, Imperial Beach, CA Early 1950s
Ineligible 6Z
Notes: APN = Assessor’s Parcel Number; NRHP = National Register of Historic Places; CRHR = California Register of Historical Resources; API = Area of Potential Impacts; ca. = circa. 6Z = Found ineligible for NR, CR, or local designation through survey evaluation.

5.3 Built Environment Management Recommendations
No further work for built environment cultural resources is necessary prior to the proposed Project implementation.

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NETR (Nationwide Environmental Title Research, LLC). 2025a. Historical Aerial Photographs of the Imperial Beach Project Area, Imperial Beach, California, dating from 1953, 1964, 1966, 1978, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003. 2005, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2019, 2020, and 2022. Accessed June 4, 2025. https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer.

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NETR. 2025b. Historical Topographic Maps of the Imperial Beach Project Area, Imperial Beach, California, dating from 1904, 1908, 1911, 1915, 1920, 1928, 1932, 1941, 1943, 1955, 1960, 1962, 1977, 2002, 2012, 2015, 2018, and 2021. Accessed June 4, 2025. https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer.

OHP (Office of Historic Preservation). 1995. Instructions for Recording Historical Resources. Sacramento:

California Office of Historic Preservation. March 1995. Accessed June 2025. https://ohp.parks.ca.gov/pages/1054/files/manual95.pdf.

Owen, R.C. 1965. “The Patrilineal Band: A Linguistically and Culturally Hybrid Social Unit.” American Anthropologist 67:675–690.

ParcelQuest. 2025. “Property Data Information.” Accessed June 3, 2025. https://www.parcelquest.com/.

PCR Services Corporation. 2007. Quonset Huts, 829 Broadway, Santa Monica, California: City Landmark Assessment Report. November 2007. Accessed June 2025.
https://www.smgov.net/departments/pcd/agendas/Landmarks-Commission/2007/ 20071210/PCR%20Landmark%20Assessment%20Report%20(829%20Broadway).pdf.

Pigniolo, A.R. 2000. Archaeological Survey Report for the Coronado Undergrounding Project, City of Coronado, California.

Pigniolo, A.R. 2001. Archaeological Survey Report for The Coronado Tea-21 Project, City Of Coronado, California.

Pigniolo, A.R. 2004. “Points, Patterns, and People: Distribution of the Desert Side-Notched Point in San Diego.” Proceedings of the Society for California Archaeology 14:27–39.

Pigniolo, A.R. 2012. An Archaeological Survey and Testing Report For The Palm Avenue Carwash at 1440 Palm Avenue City Of San Diego, California (APN 616-020-18-00, Project 155821, Job 43-0870).

Pourade, R.F. 1960–1967. The History of San Diego. 6 vols. Union-Tribune Publishing Company.

Preston, W.L. 2002. “Portents of Plague from California’s Protohistoric Period.” Ethnohistory 49:69–121.

Prosser, Daniel, and Daniel Herrick. 2016. Los Angeles Historic Context Statement. Context: Commercial Development, 1850-1980. Theme: Commercial Development and the Automobile, 1910-1970. Prepared for City of Los Angeles Department of City Planning Office of Historic Resources. August 2016. Accessed June 2025. https://planning.lacity.org/odocument/3007ea6e-c4dd-42ec-bedeb109293f2873/CommercialDevelopmentandtheAutomobile_1910-1970.pdf.

Randl, Chad. n.d. Preservation Brief 46: The Preservation and Reuse of Historic Gas Stations.” National Park Service. Accessed August 2022. https://www.nps.gov/tps/how-to-preserve/briefs/46-gas-stations.htm.

Rogers, M.J. 1929. “The Stone Art of the San Dieguito Plateau.” American Anthropologist 31:454–467.

Rogers, M.J. 1945. “An Outline of Yuman Prehistory.” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 1(1):167–198.

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San Diego County Board of Supervisors. 2007. County of San Diego Guidelines for Determining Significance, Cultural Resources: Archaeological and Historic Resources. December 5, 2007. Accessed June 2025. https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/content/dam/sdc/pds/ProjectPlanning/docs/Cultural_Guidelines.pdf.

SFPD (San Francisco Planning Department). 2010. San Francisco Modern Architecture and Landscape Design:
1935-1970 Historic Context Statement. San Francisco, California: The City of San Francisco Planning Department.

Shipek, F.C. 1982. “Kumeyaay Socio-Political Structure.” Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 4:296–303.

Shipek, F.C. 1985. “Kuuchamaa: The Kumeyaay Sacred Mountain.” Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 7(1): 67–74.

Smithsonian Institution. n.d. “Royal Drene Shampoo.” Accessed May 28, 2025. https://www.si.edu/object/ royal-drene-shampoo:nmah_688590.

South Bay Historical Society Bulletin. 2016. “Historic Sites of Imperial Beach.” Issue Number 12. April 2016.

Accessed June 2025. http://sunnycv.com/history/bulletin/12.pdf.

Spier, L. 1923. “Southern Diegueño Customs.” University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 20:295–358.

State of California. 1938. “Road Map of the State of California.” Department of Public Works, Division of Highways. Accessed June 5, 2025.
https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~239588~5511892:Road-Map-of-theState-of-California?sort=Pub_List_No_InitialSort%2CPub_Date%2CPub_List_No.

True, D.L. 1966. “Archaeological Differentiation of Shoshonean and Yuman Speaking Groups in Southern California.” Unpublished PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles.

True, D.L. 1980. “The Pauma Complex in Northern San Diego County: 1978.” Journal of New World Archaeology 3(4):1–39.

UCSB (University of California, Santa Barbara). 2025. “Historic Aerial Photographs of the Imperial Beach Project Area, Imperial Beach, CA, dating from 1963.” Accessed June 4, 2025. https://mil.library.ucsb.edu/ap_indexes/FrameFinder/.

USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture). 2025. Web Soil Survey. USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Soil Survey Staff. Accessed May 13, 2025. http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov.

USGS (U.S. Geological Survey). 1904. “San Diego Quadrangle” [map]. 1:62500. (Topographic). Reston, Virginia: USGS.

USGS. 1943. “San Ysidro Quadrangle” [map]. 1:31680. 7.5-Minute Series (Topographic). Reston, Virginia: USGS.

USGS. 1953. “San Ysidro Quadrangle” [map]. 1:24000. 7.5-Minute Series (Topographic). Reston, Virginia: USGS.

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USGS. 2025. Historic Topographic Map Explorer address search for Palm Avenue, San Diego, California.

Accessed May 2025. https://livingatlas.arcgis.com/topoexplorer.

Visit California. 2025. “California: The Birthplace of Fast Food.” Accessed June 2025. https://www.visitcalifornia.com/experience/california-birthplace-fast-food/.

Wallace, W.J. 1955. “A Suggested Chronology for Southern California Coastal Archaeology.” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 11:214–230.

Warren, C.N. 1964. Cultural Change and Continuity on the San Diego Coast. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles.

Warren, C.N. 1968. “Cultural Tradition and Ecological Adaptation on the Southern California Coast.” In Archaic Prehistory in the Western United States, edited by C. Irwin-Williams, 1–14. Portales, New Mexico: Eastern New Mexico University Contributions in Anthropology No. 1.

Warren, C N., and M. G. Pavesic. 1963. “Shell Midden Analysis of Site SDi-603 and Ecological Implications for Cultural Development of Batiquitos Lagoon, San Diego County.” University of California Archaeological Survey Annual Report 5:411–438.

Warren, C.N., G. Siegler, and F. Dittmer. 2004. “Paleoindian and Early Archaic Periods.” Chapter 2 in Prehistoric and Historic Archaeology of Metropolitan San Diego: A Historic Properties Background Study. Prepared for the Metropolitan Wastewater Department, City of San Diego. Prepared by ASM Affiliates. Encinitas, California: ASM Affiliates.

Wilken, M. 2012. “An Ethnobotany of Baja California’s Kumeyaay Indians.” Master’s thesis; San Diego State University.

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Appendix A
Preparers Qualifications

1 Claire Cancilla, MSHP

ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN
Claire Cancilla (KLAIR Kan-sil-uh; she/her) is an Architectural Historian with 7 years’ professional and academic experience that encompasses a wide variety of project types in varied geographic locations, including Los Angeles, Laguna Beach, Agoura Hills, Baldwin Park, Glendale, Pasadena, Poway, Riverside, San Diego, Santa Barbara County, Vista, Sequoia National Park, New York City, and Venice, Italy. She has completed historic significance evaluations in consideration of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), California Register of Historic Resources (CRHR), and local designation criteria a wide range of property types. Additional project experience includes writing National Register and local register nominations, conducting historic archival research, performing conditions assessments and reconnaissance surveys, conducting CEQA impacts analyses, preparing environmental impact report (EIR) sections, and conducting design reviews under the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards.

She meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards for Architectural History.

Dudek Project Experience
9407 Jericho Road Built Environment Inventory and Evaluation Report, City of La Mesa, La Mesa, California.

Dudek was retained to prepare a Built Environment Inventory and Evaluation Report for a townhouse development project. This report involved the recordation and evaluation of thirteen historic-age residential properties and one historic-age religious property. As co-lead author, Ms. Cancilla conducted fieldwork, research, and property significance evaluations. (2024).

Mesa Verde Specific Plan, Mesa Verde Owner LLC, Calimesa, California. Dudek was retained by Mesa Verde Owners LLC to complete a built environment inventory and evaluation report for the proposed Mesa Verde Specific Plan 2023 Project, which is an Amendment to the Mesa Verde Estates Specific Plan (SPA 13-01) that was previously adopted in 2007 and subsequently amended in 2017. Complete evaluations for the six properties located within the area of potential effects (APE) were detailed in the report. All properties addressed do not appear eligible for national, state, or local listing either individually or as part of a multi-property district. Acting as architectural historian, conducted a survey of the project site and assisted in the preparation of the report and the associated property significance evaluations. (2024)
South Bay Area Plan Historic Context Statement, County of Los Angeles Department of Regional Planning, Los Angeles County, California. The South Bay Area Plan Historic Context Statement informs the Historic Preservation Element of the Area Plan. The Historic Context Statement documents the development history of the communities from the rancho period to the present; identifies important themes, events, and patterns of development; and describes the different property types, styles, builders, and architects associated with these important periods and themes. The document will also provide registration requirements and recommendations for future study/action by the County of Los Angeles to facilitate and streamline the historic preservation program. As comanager of the historic context statement, Ms. Cancilla conducted research, outreach to historical societies, and windshield surveys, and participated in public meetings. (2023-2024).

Education
Columbia University
Graduate School of
Architecture, Planning,
and Preservation,
MS, Historic Preservation,
2020
Occidental College
BA, History, 2016
1 Matthew DeCarlo

ARCHAEOLOGIST
Matthew DeCarlo is an archaeologist with 9 years’ experience leading archaeological surveys and excavations, performing lithic and faunal analyses, constructing and analyzing geographic information system (GIS) data, and producing cultural resource management reports. As acting district archaeologist for the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), Mr. DeCarlo worked intensively with federal regulations and Native American tribal representatives. From this experience, he has developed the ability to work collaboratively with consulting groups on multiphase projects. Within the private sector, Mr. DeCarlo has managed the cultural resource requirements for large-scale utility projects, which required extensive cooperation with utility managers, construction efforts, and Native American tribal representatives.

Project Experience
Cultural Resources Impact Assessment and Evaluation for the West of Devers Upgrade Project, Southern California Edison (SCE), Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, California. Served as project manager for a cultural resource impact assessment for a dual transmission line upgrade spanning from North Palm Springs to San Bernardino, California. Tasks included implementing archaeological surveys and excavations, producing a cultural resource evaluation report, and participation in construction site visits with SCE staff and construction specialists to resolve construction/resource conflicts.

Preconstruction activities are nearing completion.

Construction Monitoring for Devers to Palo Verde 2 (DPV2) Transmission Line Project, SCE, Riverside County, California. Served as field director for the construction of a 500-kV transmission line spanning from Blythe to Romoland, California. Tasks included conducting archaeological surveys and excavations; managing construction monitoring teams; producing cultural resource records and reports; and consulting with SCE, construction, and Native American representatives. The final cultural resource report has been submitted and is awaiting approval.

Mountain Top Healthy Trees Project, USFS, Mount Pinos Ranger District, Santa Barbara County, California. Served as acting district archaeologist for a proposed tree thinning project. To ensure that no previously recorded resources were impacted during the tree mastication, Mr. DeCarlo conducted a records search, delineated mastication boundaries, and monitored the mastication activities.

ARRA Wilderness Trails Restoration Project, USFS, Mount Pinos Ranger District, Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties, California. Served as acting district archaeologist. Fulfilled cultural resource requirements for National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) compliance to ensure the Mount Pinos Ranger District of the Los Padres Forest received American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) federal funds to conduct trail work within wilderness areas. This required consultation with USFS supervisors to construct a viable timetable, completion of a records search, intensive survey of trails, and collaboration with trail maintenance crew chiefs to protect threatened cultural resources.

Education
California State University,
Bakersfield
M.A., Anthropology,
pending
University of California,
Irvine
B.A., Anthropology, 2006
Professional Affiliations
San Diego Archaeological
Society
Society for American
Archaeology
Society for California
Archaeology
2 Cultural Resources Management for the Day Fire Reforestation Project, USFS, Mount Pinos Ranger District, Ventura County, California. Served as acting district archaeologist for the reforestation of areas burned during the 2007 Day Wildfire. Prior to the planting of pine tree saplings, Mr. DeCarlo performed a records search, conducted an archaeological inventory, and evaluated the post-fire condition of previously identified archaeological sites. A survey report and archaeological site records were submitted to the Los Padres National Forest Headquarters and tree saplings were planted in the spring of 2010.

Sierra Madre Ridge Archaeological Survey and Rock Art Recordation Project, USFS, Mount Pinos Ranger District, Santa Barbara County, California. Served as field chief for the Sierra Madre Ridge Project, a Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) project consisting of three 1-week expeditions to update site records and survey previously unrecorded portions of a known archaeological district. Tasks included leading and training volunteer teams in survey and site recordation methods, updating previously recorded archaeological sites, identification of new sites, surveying previously unrecorded land, and managing fuels near significant sites to prevent possible fire damage. A survey report, site records, and GIS mapping were completed and submitted to the Los Padres National Forest Headquarters.

NEPA Compliance for the New Chuchupate Ranger Station, USFS, Mount Pinos Ranger District, Ventura County, California. Served as acting district archaeologist. To ensure NEPA compliance and ensure acquisition of ARRA federal funds, conducted a records search, collaborated with the Forest Tribal Liaison, updated previously recorded sites, mapped the existing Chuchupate Ranger Station, conducted an intensive survey, contracted an architectural historian, and submitted a report to the Los Padres National Forest Headquarters.

Sapaski (Painted Rock) Tribal Protection Meeting, USFS, Mount Pinos Ranger District, Ventura County, California.

Served as acting district archaeologist for the Sapaski Tribal Protection Meeting, a collaborative effort with tribal representatives and USFS supervisors to protect a significant rock art resource. Conducted a records search and suggested possible protection strategies to tribal representatives.

Archaeological Investigation for the Yellow Jacket Fire Project, USFS, Mount Pinos Ranger District, Ventura County, California. Served as acting district archaeologist for the archaeological investigation after the Yellow Jacket Fire.

Conducted a records search to identify any previously identified cultural resource within burned or staging areas, appraised sites impacted by both fire and fire-fighting measures, consulted with fire personnel to determine possible impacts, and submitted a report to the Los Padres National Forest Headquarters. 1 Claire Flanegin

ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN I
Claire Flanegin (FLAN-uh-ghin, she/her/ella) is an Architectural Historian with two years’ professional experience in historic preservation and cultural resource management.

Ms. Flanegin’s professional experience includes resource evaluations for both the environmental and telecommunications sectors. She has experience conducting intensive level surveys and preparing significance evaluations in consideration of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), California Register of Historic Resources (CRHR), and local designation criteria in California, Oregon, Washington, and New Mexico. She also holds experience preparing findings-of-effect analysis for Sections 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). Ms. Flanegin meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards for Architectural History and History.

Project Experience
Development and Planning
Mesa Verde Specific Plan Built Environment Inventory and Evaluation Report (Area 2 Amendment 2), Mesa Verde Owners LLC, Calimesa, California. Dudek was retained by Mesa Verde Owners LLC to complete a BEIER for the proposed Mesa Verde Specific Plan 2023 Project, which is an Amendment to the Mesa Verde Estates Specific Plan (SPA 13-01) that was previously adopted in 2007 and subsequently amended in 2017. The purpose of Amendment 2 was to survey and assess 22 additional properties added to the project APE. (2023- Ongoing) South Bascom Avenue Adult Daycare Facility, Tupaz Day Care Services, Inc., San Jose, California. The project proposed the demolition of the existing buildings located and the construction of a new 15,438-square-foot, 3- story building on an approximately 0.50-acre site. The existing buildings were more than 45 years of age and required inventory and evaluation to determine if they were historical resources for the purposes of CEQA. (2024- Ongoing).

The Woodlands Project, City of Santa Rosa, Santa Rosa, California. The project proposes the development of the former Sonoma County Medical Complex and is subject to CEQA. Part of a team of architectural historians inventorying and evaluating 30 buildings, structures and landscape features for their potential historical significance. (2024-Ongoing)
Valley Center Indian Creek Project, Indian Creek Associates, LLC, County of San Diego, California. Dudek was retained by Indian Creek Associates, LLC to complete a Historic Technical Report for the Valley Center Indian Creek Project located in the Valley Center Community Plan Area, San Diego County, California. The Project would involve the development of approximately 575 residential units, 8.73 acres of retail uses, and 11.33 acres of parks and open space, to be located along Rough Creek. The purpose of the report was to identify all built environment properties that may be considered historical resources, as defined by the California Environmental Quality Act Education
San Jose State University
MA, US History, 2019
San Francisco State
University
BA, History, 2013
2 (CEQA) and County of San Diego Guidelines, where Project construction or operation may result in impacts under CEQA. (2024- Ongoing)
Historical Eligibility of the California Tower, California Department of General Services, Riverside, California. Dudek was retained by the California Department of General Services (DGS) to comply with California PRC 5024 and 5025.5 and evaluate the building to determine if it met the registration requirements of the NRHP and CHL and should be placed the State’s Master List. (2024)
Education
Evolve Student Housing Project, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. The project would involve the construction of new student housing, dining, and auxiliary uses to the university’s main campus. The project requires the demolition of 13 apartment buildings that are more than 45 years of age. The project is subject to CEQA, and the buildings required inventory and evaluation to determine if they were historical resources. Served as part of a team of architectural historian, providing support for inventorying and evaluating resources. (2024- Ongoing).

Food Hub and Shops Project, San Francisco Unified School District, City and County of San Francisco, California.

The Project is in the Bayview Hunter’s Point area within the City and County of San Francisco. The Project proposes the demolition of the existing buildings at 801 and 834 Toland Street and construction of a new singlelevel building warehouse at 834 Toland Street and a two-story building at 801 Toland Street, and as well as a multi-level parking structure. Served as the architectural historian conducting field survey, archival research, and primary author of the technical report and historical significance evaluations (2024-Ongoing).

Water
California State Water Project Built Environment Management Plan, Department of Water Resources, Various Counties, California. Dudek was retained by the State of California’s Department of Water Resources to prepare a historic context statement for historic-aged infrastructure related to the State Water Project, as well as Historical Resources Technical Reports for various State Water Project maintenance projects. Over the course of this multiyear project, Dudek provided technical assistance in creating individual and state-wide historical context statements and significance evaluations for state-owned water infrastructure. Part of a team of architectural historians and cultural resources professional (2020– Ongoing) Transportation
UCSC Landels-Hill Big Creek Reserve Emergency Bank Stabilization Project, University of California, Big Sur, California. The Project sought to replace road material along Big Creek Canyon Road that was removed during the 2022-2023 winter storms and to improve on the original construction of the road by using larger rock that is engineered to resist future high flow events. The goal was to rebuild the road sections better than what was possible when the road was constructed in the 1930s without introducing unnatural materials. Dudek was retained to complete a Cultural Resources Inventory and Evaluation Report to assess the significance of various structures on the Reserve and Big Creek Canyon Road itself. (2024) Relevant Previous Experience
Determination of Eligibility for B.P.O.E. Elks Lodge #460, T-Mobile, Santa Fe, NM. Conducted an intensive level survey of a historic building as well as archival research in order to determine building age and architect (2022) 3 Determination of Eligibility for Temescal Business Center, T-Mobile, Oakland, CA. Conducted an intensive level survey of a historic building as well as archival research to determine building age and historical usage (2022) Area of Potential Effects Built Environment Survey, Verizon, Petaluma, CA. Determined the APE for direct visual effects of a telecommunication project and completed a field built environment survey for 18 historic buildings and 2 historic districts (2022)
1 Nicole Frank, MSHP

ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN
Nicole Frank (nih-COHL FRAYNK; she/her) is an architectural historian with 8 years’ experience in the historic preservation field. Nicole’s professional experience encompasses various projects for local agencies, private developers, and homeowners in both highly urbanized and rural areas.

Projects have included reconnaissance-level surveys, preparation of resource-appropriate and citywide historic contexts, and historical significance evaluations in consideration of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), California Register of Historic Resources (CRHR), and local designation criteria. Nicole has experience conducting historic research, writing landmark designations, performing conditions assessments, and working hands-on in building restoration projects throughout the United States. Nicole also has governmental experience with the City of San Francisco’s Planning Department and the City of Chicago’s Landmark Designations Department. She meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards for Architectural History.

Project Experience
Development
Altrudy II Senior Apartments Project, Orange County Housing and Community Development, Yorba Linda, California. Orange County Housing and Community Development retained Dudek to prepare a Cultural Resources Inventory and Evaluation Report for the proposed Altrudy II Senior Apartments Project. The project is in Yorba Linda, Orange County, California, on Assessor Parcel Numbers (APNs) 323-231-18 and 323-231-19. The project involves demolishing the existing residences on the two parcels for the construction and operation of a 71-unit senior affordable housing community. The buildings on the development site are not currently listed under any national, state, or local landmark program. Dudek concluded that neither of the subject properties are eligible for listing in the NRHP or CRHR due to a lack of significant associations and architectural merit. The recommended California Historical Resource Status Code for these properties is 6Z, meaning they were found ineligible for the NRHP and CRHR through survey evaluation. Acting as architectural historian, assisted in research and site visit coordination and reviewed the report for accuracy. (2024–Present)
Valley Center Indian Creek Project, Indian Creek Associates LLC, San Diego County, California. Dudek was retained by Indian Creek Associates LLC to complete a Historic Technical Report for the Valley Center Indian Creek Project located in the Valley Center Community Plan Area (CPA), San Diego County, California. The project would involve developing approximately 575 residential units, 8.73 acres of retail uses, and 11.33 acres of parks and open space, to be located along Rough Creek. The purpose of the report was to identify all built environment properties that may be considered historical resources, as defined by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and County of San Diego Guidelines, where project construction or operation may result in impacts under CEQA. The Education
School of the Art
Institute of Chicago
MS, Historic Preservation,
2018
College of Charleston
BA, Historic Preservation
and Art History, 2016
Professional Affiliations
Encinitas Preservation
Association, Past
President
California Preservation
Foundation
Association for
Preservation Technology
(APT)
2 report identified four built environment properties as a result of an intensive-level survey. After thorough consideration of historical significance criteria, all properties addressed in the report do not appear eligible for national, state, or local listing, either individually or as part of a multi-property district. Therefore, there are no built environment historic-era properties located in the Area of Potential Impacts (API) that qualify as historical resources for the purposes of CEQA. Acting as architectural historian, assisted in research and site visit coordination, provided supplemental research, and reviewed the report for accuracy. (2024–Present) Mission Avenue Apartments Project, H.G. Fenton Company, Oceanside, California. Dudek was retained by H.G.

Fenton Company to prepare a Built Environment Inventory and Evaluation Report for the proposed Mission Avenue Apartments in Oceanside, California. The project involves redeveloping a 1.5-acre site at 801 and 815 Mission Avenue in Oceanside. Dudek’s archival research and field survey found two historic-age resources within the API.

The two properties, 801 Mission Avenue and 815 Mission Avenue, have not been previously recorded and therefore required recordation and evaluation as part of this study. The report concluded that both properties within the API are ineligible for inclusion in the NRHP, CRHR, and as a City of Oceanside historic site. As such, both properties buildings are not considered historical resources for the purposes of CEQA. Acting as architectural historian, assisted in research and site visit coordination, provided supplemental research, and reviewed the report for accuracy. (2024–Present)
Mesa Verde Specific Plan, Mesa Verde Owner LLC, Calimesa, California. Dudek was retained by Mesa Verde Owners LLC to complete a built environment inventory and evaluation report for the proposed Mesa Verde Specific Plan 2023 Project, which is an Amendment to the Mesa Verde Estates Specific Plan (SPA 13-01) that was previously adopted in 2007 and subsequently amended in 2017. Complete evaluations for the six properties located within the area of potential effects (APE) were detailed in the report. All properties addressed do not appear eligible for national, state, or local listing either individually or as part of a multi-property district. Acting as architectural historian, conducted a survey of the project site and assisted in the preparation of the report and the associated property significance evaluations. (2023–Present) Historical Resource Research Report for 1424 Olivet Lane, L Jane Ryan Trust, La Jolla, California. Dudek was retained by L Jane Ryan Trust to prepare a historical resource research report for the single-family residence located at 1424 Olivet Lane, La Jolla, California. The report was prepared in accordance with City of San Diego guidelines and evaluated under all applicable city guidelines and regulations. The property was nominated for designation as a historical resource under Historical Resources Board Criteria A, B, and C under the name the Harry W. Child House. Acting as project manager and primary author, conducted the intensive-level survey, building development and archival research, development of an appropriate historic context for the property, and recordation and evaluation under city guidelines and regulations. (2022–2023) Vista Melrose Residential Project, Urban Advisory & Building Group LLC, Vista, California. Dudek was retained by Urban Advisory & Building Group LLC to complete a historical resources technical report (HRTR) to identify all historical resources (if any) on the project site to determine whether the proposed project would result in a significant impact to historical resources under CEQA. The report included the results of a California Historical Resources Information System records search; an intensive survey of the project site by a qualified architectural historian; building development and archival research; development of an appropriate historic context for the evaluation of the project site; and recordation and evaluation of one church property and one single-family residential property over 45 years old for historical significance and integrity in consideration of NRHP, CRHR, and City of Vista designation criteria and integrity requirements. Acting as architectural historian, conducted a survey of the project site and prepared the report and the associated property significance evaluations. (2022–2024) 3 Vista Foothill Residential Project, TTLC Vista Foothill LLC, Vista, California. Dudek was retained by TTLC Vista Foothill LLC to complete an HRTR to identify all historical resources (if any) on the project site to determine whether the proposed project would result in a significant impact to historical resources under CEQA. One of the five parcels that comprised the project site contained buildings over 45 years old and required evaluation as a potential historical resource. As a result of Dudek’s extensive archival research, field survey, record search, and property significance evaluations, no historical resources were identified within the project site, nor were any adjacent cultural resources identified that could be indirectly impacted by proposed project activities. Acting as built environment project manager, conducted intensive-level survey, delegated writing and research tasks, and coauthored the technical report. (2022–2024)
Tooley Carlsbad Project, Atlantis Group Land Use Consultants, Carlsbad, California. Dudek was retained by Atlantis Group Land Use Consultants to prepare an HRTR for the Tooley Carlsbad Project, which involved constructing a mixed-use development consisting of 219 multifamily units and 13,764 square feet of retail space, including parking and open space in Carlsbad, California. The report included an intensive-level survey of the project site and its vicinity by a qualified architectural historian; building development and archival research; development of an appropriate historic context for the project site; and recordation and evaluation of one built environment resource with buildings over 45 years old for historical significance and integrity in consideration of NRHP, CRHR, and local designation criteria and integrity requirements. After research and evaluation, the project site did not appear eligible under any NRHP, CRHR, or City of Carlsbad cultural resource designation criteria due to a lack of significant historical associations and architectural merit. Acting as built environment project manager, conducted intensive-level survey, delegated writing and research tasks, and coauthored the technical report. (2022–2023) 6365 Imperial Avenue Historical Resources Technical Report Project, Denya LLC, San Diego, California. Dudek was retained by Denya LLC to prepare an HRTR for a property located at 6365 Imperial Avenue in the City of San Diego. The report was prepared in accordance with CEQA Guidelines, Section 15064.5, for historical resources and all applicable City guidelines and regulations. One built environment resource was identified with the subject property as a result of the background research and survey: the commercial building associated with the address 6365 Imperial Avenue. The significance evaluation found that 6365 Imperial Avenue was not eligible under any designation criteria due to a lack of the requisite integrity necessary to convey significant historical associations and a lack of architectural merit. Acting as architectural historian, coauthored the technical report and conducted a pedestrian survey of the site. (2022)
5146–5148 and 5150 Dehesa Road Project, Kevin R. Carlin, San Diego County, California. The property owner, Kevin R. Carlin, proposed a Tentative Parcel Map to subdivide an existing 5.87-acre parcel into four parcels and one remaining undeveloped parcel, known as the 5146–5148 and 5150 Dehesa Road Project. Dudek completed an HRTR to identify all historical resources (if any) within the project area to determine whether the proposed project would result in a significant impact to historical resources under CEQA. To complete the evaluation of significance, Dudek conducted archival and building development research and developed an appropriate historic context for the evaluation of the project area. All buildings and structures over 45 years old were recorded and evaluated for historical significance. The subject property was recommended not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP, CRHR, and San Diego County Local Register of Historical Resources under all designation criteria due to a lack of historical or architectural significance and lack of integrity. Acting as architectural historian, coauthored the technical report and conducted a pedestrian survey of the site. (2021–2022) Downtown Buena Park Project, Merlone Geier, Buena Park, California. Dudek prepared an HRTR for a project that involved redeveloping a former Sears building, parking lot, and Sears Automobile Service Station at the Buena Park Downtown Mall, located at 8150 La Palma Avenue in the City of Buena Park. The redevelopment plans included 1,381 residential units, 41,500 square feet of amenity and lobby space, and 2,551 residential parking 4 spaces over 28-acres. The report included an intensive-level survey of the Buena Park Downtown Mall by a qualified architectural historian for historical significance and integrity in consideration of NRHP and CRHR designation criteria; building development and archival research; development of an appropriate historic context for the Buena Park Downtown Mall; and recordation and evaluation of the Sears building, a built environment resource over 45 years old. The Buena Park Downtown Mall did not appear eligible under any NRHP or CRHR designation criteria due to a lack of significant historical associations, architectural merit, and compromised integrity. Acting as architectural historian, coauthored the technical report and conducted a pedestrian survey of the site. (2021)
6th and Victoria Avenue Warehouse Project, Confidential Client, Highland, California. Dudek completed a Historic Resource Evaluation Report (HRER) for a project that involved constructing a single 307,455-square-foot industrial/warehouse building (inclusive of 10,000 square feet of office/mezzanine). Associated improvements included loading docks, truck and vehicle parking, and landscape areas. The report included an evaluation of three buildings over 45 years old. Each property was recorded on State of California Department of Parks and Recreation Series 523 Forms (DPR Forms) and was evaluated in consideration of NRHP and CRHR designation criteria and integrity requirements. As architectural historian, authored a historical resources inventory and evaluation report. (2021)
Forest Resiliency Program Project SPI Keystone, Golden State Finance Authority, Tuolumne County, California.

Dudek completed a historical resources inventory and evaluation report for a project that involved redeveloping a site in La Grange and Jamestown in Tuolumne County to facilitate transporting forest material (e.g., trees with no lumber value and underbrush) by truck, turning it into wood fuel pellets, and then shipping the pellets from the site using the existing railroad line. The report was prepared in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) (36 Code of Federal Regulations 800), CEQA Section 15064.5, Public Resources Code 5024, and applicable local regulations. This report included (1) a California Historical Resources Information System records search conducted at the Central California Information Center for the APE plus a 1-mile buffer; (2) a pedestrian surface reconnaissance of the APE for archaeological and built environment resources; and (3) a historical significance evaluation of Property 1 APNs (063-190-056, 063-350-004, 063-350-005, and 063-190- 051) and Property 2 (Sierra Railroad–Mainline, Keystone Segment) located within the APE. As architectural historian, authored a historical resources inventory and evaluation report. (2021) Senior Residences at Hillcrest Project, DFA Development, San Diego, California. Dudek prepared a Historic Properties Inventory Report for the project, which involved developing a 68-unit, affordable senior housing community located in the Hillcrest neighborhood of San Diego. The project site was partially developed with existing buildings for preschool services associated with the adjacent University Christian Church and a parking lot. The project would receive U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development project vouchers issued to the San Diego Housing Commission and was therefore required to undergo a National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) analysis for receiving federal funding. Acting as architectural historian, coauthored the technical report and conducted a pedestrian survey of the site. (2020–2021)
Sycuan Fee to Trust Project, Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation Reservation, Unincorporated San Diego County, California. Dudek completed a Historic Properties Inventory and Evaluation Report for the proposed project, located within the vicinity of El Cajon, California, in unincorporated San Diego County. The project involved a fee-totrust transfer of five parcels that cumulatively totaled approximately 40 acres. The transfer of land from the Sycuan Band to the Bureau of Indian Affairs (the federal lead agency) included several parcels. Dudek’s report included developing a project APE map; the relevant results of a California Historical Resources Information System records search and background research; a pedestrian survey of the APE for built environment resources; and a historical significance evaluation of all properties over 50 years old within the APE, in consideration of 5 potential adverse effects to historic properties under Section 106 of the NHPA. The evaluation found that Properties 1, 2, 4, and 5 were not eligible for the NRHP at the individual level or as part of a larger historic district.

As a result, no historic properties were identified within the APE, and Dudek recommended a finding of No Historic Properties Affected. As architectural historian, conducted background research and a pedestrian survey. (2021) Ranch at River Bend Project, Save Gregory Canyon Hills LLC, Community of Pala, California. Dudek completed an HRTR supporting the proposed project, which included the development of a new, mixed-use community. Acting as architectural historian, coauthored the technical report and conducted a pedestrian survey of the site. (2020) Enclave at Ivanhoe Ranch Project, Vance and Associates, Rancho San Diego, California. Dudek completed an HRTR supporting the proposed residential development project. The project site totaled approximately 121.9 acres in Rancho San Diego. Included in the project site was a historic-era complex of horse ranch buildings and accompanying residences, located at 3256, 3261, 3263, 3267, and 3269 Ivanhoe Ranch Road (APNs 518-030-41, 518-030-43, 518-030-44, and 518-030-45), which were evaluated for historical significance. This study was conducted in accordance with Section 15064.5(a)(2)-(3) of CEQA guidelines, and the project site was evaluated in consideration of NRHP, CRHR, and County of San Diego Historic Preservation Ordinance and resource protection ordinance requirements. Acting as architectural historian, coauthored the technical report and conducted a pedestrian survey of the site. (2020)
Shawnee/CG7600 Master Plan Redevelopment Project, Palmer Mission Gorge Properties LP, San Diego, California. Dudek conducted a Potential Historical Resource Review (in accordance with Information Bulletin 580) for four properties over 45 years old within the City of San Diego. Acting as architectural historian, conducted a photographic survey of the four properties within the project site. Updated three 2011 DPR Forms and created a new DPR Form for a previously unrecorded property within the project site. (2020) 740–790 East Green Street Mixed-Use Project, Pasadena, California. Dudek completed a Cultural Resources Technical Report (CRTR) for five commercial buildings located in the City of Pasadena (Assessor’s Identification Nos. 5734-025-014, 024, 026, 029, 027). The study included a pedestrian survey of the proposed project area, building development and archival research, development of an appropriate historic context for the property, and recordation and evaluation of the property for historical significance and integrity in consideration of NRHP, CRHR, and local eligibility requirements. Acting as architectural historian, updated the Pasadena historic context, conducted archival research, and wrote significance evaluations for the five buildings that are over 45 years old. (2019)
8850 Sunset Boulevard Project, City of West Hollywood, California. Dudek completed a CRTR for the proposed project, which involved demolishing existing buildings and constructing and operating a new mixed-use hotel and residential building on a property along the south side of Sunset Boulevard, extending the full city block between Larrabee Street and San Vicente Boulevard. Acting as architectural historian, assisted in the completion of the technical report as the primary writer. (2019)
Palmetto Avenue Warehouse Project, Patriot Development Partners, Rialto, California. Dudek conducted a Cultural Resources Report in support of the proposed project, which involved demolishing buildings on six parcels in the City of Rialto and constructing an industrial/warehouse building on an approximately 4.24-acre property located at the northeast corner of Palmetto Avenue and Baseline Road. Acted as evaluator for three of the six properties, which were at least 45 years old. (2019)
6 14545 Lanark Street Project, Clifford Beers Housing Inc., Los Angeles, California. Dudek completed an HRER for a property located at 14545 Lanark Street in the Panorama City neighborhood of Los Angeles (APN 2210-011-900).

Acting as architectural historian, authored the HRER for the subject property, a Public Social Services Department building constructed in 1967. (2019)
Confidential Solar Energy Project, Confidential Client, California. Dudek completed an HRTR for a confidential solar project. Acting as architectural historian, authored the report evaluating a complex of 20 buildings for historical significance. (2019)
1605 Industrial Avenue Warehouse Project, City of San José, California. Acting as architectural historian, coauthored the CRTR for the project, which included the construction of an approximately 186,000-square-foot industrial warehouse building on an approximately 10.96-gross-acre property located in the northern part of the City of San José. Preparation of the historical context statement involved archival research, building descriptions, historic context development, and historical significance evaluations. (2018) Jefferson La Mesa Project, JPI, La Mesa, California. The project proposed to demolish three industrial automotive buildings to redevelop the property. Served as architectural historian and coauthor of the project HRER.

Contributed archival research and historical context development for the three automotive buildings. (2018) Education
Life Sciences Building Historical Resources Evaluation Report, San Diego State University, California. Dudek was retained by San Diego State University to complete a historical resources evaluation report for the Life Sciences Building Project, which involves demolishing of a substation and constructing a new six-story building. The purpose of the report is to determine if the project would impact any historical resources pursuant to CEQA. As an architectural historian, coauthored and completed a review of the report. (2024–Present) Riverside City College Life Science/Physical Science Reconstruction Project, Riverside Community College District, California. Dudek completed a CRTR for the project that involved modernizing the currently vacant Life Science and Physical Science connected buildings on the Riverside City College campus to allow for growth in the Business and Information Systems programs. Acting as architectural historian, conducted research on the buildings associated with the project. (2021)
Richland Elementary School Reconstruction Project, San Marcos United School District, California. Dudek completed a CRTR for the project located at 910 Borden Road. The proposed project involved demolishing the existing Richland Elementary School, which included 7 permanent buildings and 24 portable classrooms, and the reconstruction of the school, including the redevelopment of play fields and playgrounds. Acting as architectural historian, conducted a field visit, researched the school district and elementary school, and coauthored the technical report. (2021)
University of California San Diego, Future College Living and Learning Neighborhood; University of California San Diego Campus Planning Office; California. Dudek was retained by the University of California (UC) San Diego Campus Planning Office to conduct a visual analysis for the proposed project, which consisted of five housing buildings providing an additional 2,000 beds to serve the student population of the UC San Diego campus. As architectural historian, conducted a field visit to gain a better understanding of the visual environment of the project site and surrounding area. (2020)
7 San Francisco State University Master Plan Update Environmental Impact Report; San Francisco State University Capital Planning, Design, and Construction; California. Dudek conducted a historic built environment study for the proposed project. Only buildings over 45 years old and proposed for renovation or demolition were included in this historic built environment study. Acting as architectural historian, participated in a survey of the San Francisco State University (SFSU) Psychology and Ethnic Studies Building and conducted archival research to prepare appropriate historic context for San Francisco, SFSU, and the Psychology and Ethnic Studies Building. Conducted research on 18 buildings located on the SFSU campus and wrote historic contexts, descriptions, and lists of alterations for each. (2019)
Keats Building and Amphitheater; California State University, Fresno; California. Acting as architectural historian, authored the description of the amphitheater and Keats Building on the California State University (CSU) Fresno campus for the CRTR. Also prepared DPR Forms for the two buildings. (2018) College Park Demolition Project, CSU Chico, California. Dudek was retained by CSU Chico to complete a cultural resources study for a project that involved demolishing 10 single-family residences near the CSU Chico campus.

As architectural historian, coauthored a cultural resources report for CSU Chico, writing 10 building feature descriptions. (2018)
Energy
Solar Project, Confidential Client, Marion County, South Carolina. Dudek was retained by a confidential client to complete a Built Environment Historic Resources Survey, which included the results and recommendations from conducting cultural resource intensive and evaluation surveys. The Project consists of discontinuous, privately owned parcels totaling approximately 750 leased acres being considered for solar development. These efforts for built environment include the development of a study area or API, an intensive-level survey of the API for built resources of historic age (45 years of age or older), available building development and archival research, the creation of an appropriate historic context, and recordation and evaluation of historic-era properties located in the API under NRHP designation criteria. Acting as architectural historian, Frank completed the intensive-level survey, completed archival research, and coauthored the report. (2023–Present) Architectural Inventory and Evaluation Report, Confidential Client, Lyon County, Nevada. Dudek was retained by a confidential client to complete an architectural inventory and evaluation report for an energy-related development project, which involved demolishing several historic-era buildings and structures. The purpose of the report is to determine if the project would impact any historical resources pursuant to NEPA. Acting as architectural historian, coauthored the report, surveyed the properties, wrote significance evaluations and building descriptions, and completed archival research. (2023–Present)
Seguro Storage Project, Seguro Storage LLC, San Diego County, California. Dudek was retained by Seguro Storage LLC to complete a historic technical report for the Seguro Storage System Project. The project involves constructing a 400-megawatt battery energy storage system (BESS) in phases or all at once, depending on when full capacity is needed. The project would interconnect to the nearby San Diego Gas & Electric Escondido Substation via newly installed overhead generation-tie (gen-tie) line. Dudek identified 13 properties located within the APE that required evaluation. After thorough consideration of historical significance criteria, all properties addressed in the report do not appear eligible for national, state, or local listing either individually or as part of a multi-property district. Acting as architectural historian, conducted pedestrian survey and coauthored the historic technical report. (2023–Present)
8 Battery Energy Storage Project, Confidential Client, San Diego, California. Dudek prepared an HRER for a project that involved developing a BESS located in San Diego. All buildings and structures over 45 years old identified within the project area were recorded and evaluated for historical significance. The significance evaluation involved conducting archival research and building development research for the project area and completing an appropriate historic context. Acting as architectural historian, conducted pedestrian surveys to evaluate the presence of historic built environmental resources and authored the HRER. (2021) Battery Energy Storage Project, Confidential Client, Grand Terrace, California. Dudek prepared an HRER for a project that involved developing a BESS in the City of Grand Terrace. This report included development of a built environment study area map, a pedestrian survey of the proposed project study area for built environment resources, and a historical significance evaluation of a steam plant in consideration of state designation criteria and integrity requirements. The significance evaluation found that the steam plant is not eligible under any designation criteria due to a lack of architectural merit and a lack of the requisite integrity necessary to convey significant historical associations. As such, the steam plant was not considered a historical resource under CEQA.

Acting as architectural historian, conducted pedestrian surveys and authored the HRER. (2021) Solar Project, Confidential Client, San Diego County, California. Serving as architectural historian, coauthored the HRTR for the project, which involved developing a solar energy facility and energy storage system. The project site totals approximately 1,356 acres and was in unincorporated southeastern San Diego County. The HRTR involved a pedestrian survey for the presence of historic built environment resources. All buildings and structures over 45 years old were recorded and evaluated for historical significance. The significance evaluation included conducting archival research and building development research for a dairy and creamery complex located on the project site and completing a historic context. The complex of dairy buildings was evaluated for historical significance and was not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP, CRHR, or the County Register due to a lack of significant historical associations. (2020)
Healthcare
St. Joseph’s Hospital Master Plan Project, Devenney Group Ltd., Stockton, California. Dudek prepared a historical resources inventory and evaluation report in support of the project. The proposed project site included five properties in the City of Stockton: (1) 1638 North California Street (APN 127-190-32), (2) 1800 North California Street and 542 McCloud Avenue (APN 127-180-44), (3) 534 East Maple Street (APN 127-190-30), (4) 425 East Harding Way (APN 127-150-39), and (5) 445 East Harding Way (APN 127-150-51). Served as architectural historian and coauthor of the historical resources inventory and evaluation report, conducting research on properties 2 to 4 of the historic-age built environmental resource properties, primarily located within the St. Joseph’s Medical Center Complex or on parcels adjacent to the complex that may be acquired. (2020) Historical Resource Treatment Plans, Impacts Analysis
(Secretary of the Interior’s Standards Compliance Review) Historical Resource Assessment Report NoHo Garden Apartment Project, Volunteers of America of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. The Volunteers of America of Los Angeles proposed to construct additional affordable units at the North Hollywood Manor. North Hollywood Manor, as part of SurveyLA, was determined eligible for listing on the NRHP, the CRHR, and as a City of Los Angeles Historic–Cultural Monument under Criterion C and 3 for its architectural significance (associated status codes 3S;3CS;5S3). Assisted the Volunteers of America of Los Angeles in conforming to the Secretary’s Standards and therefore complying with CEQA, assessing any potential impacts the project may have on the identified historical resource, and recommending mitigation measures, as appropriate. (2023)
9 Municipal
As-Needed Historic Research Consulting Services, City of Coronado, California. Dudek provides as-needed historic consulting services for various projects in the City of Coronado. Each evaluation involves the creation of an occupancy timeline, supplemental research on occupants, building development research (including architects, builders, and property), a pedestrian survey of the project area, creation of a description of the surveyed resource, completion of a historical significance evaluation report in consideration of designation criteria and integrity requirements, and Historic Resource Commission attendance. Acting as project manager and architectural historian, authored or coauthored over 50 HRERs. Project manager role includes serving as the primary contact for the City of Coronado, site and research visit coordination, review of all reports for consistency and accuracy, supplemental research, and Historic Resource Commission attendance. (2019–Present) Los Angeles County South Bay Area Plan Project, County of Los Angeles Department of Regional Planning, California. Dudek was retained by the County of Los Angeles Department of Regional Planning to prepare a historic context statement in support of the project. The goal of the historic context statement is to inform, enhance, and streamline the larger project as it pertains to historical resources. The communities included within the historic context statement include the following: Alondra Park/El Camino Village, Del Aire/Wiseburn, Hawthorne Island, La Rambla, Lennox, West Carson, and Westfield/Academy Hills. The historic context statement documents the development history of the communities from the rancho period to the present; identifies important themes, events, and patterns of development; and describes the different property types, styles, builders, and architects associated with these important periods and themes. The document would also provide registration requirements and recommendations for future study/action by the County of Los Angeles to facilitate and streamline the historic preservation program. Responsibilities include co-project management, conducting archival research, coauthoring the historic context statement, engaging with interested parties, collaborating with the geographic information system (GIS) team to create an online mapping tool, performing field survey, attending public meetings, and collaborating with the graphics team for flyers and social media content. (2023–2024) Ben Clark Training Center Modernization Project; Riverside County Fire, California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection; California. Dudek was retained by Riverside County Fire and the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection to conduct a built environment inventory and evaluation study for the Ben Clark Training Center Modernization Project. Only buildings and structures over 45 years old were included in the historic built environment study of the training center campus. The report identified 12 buildings requiring evaluation, which were divided into four building typologies (Assembly Buildings, Storage and Maintenance Buildings, Living Quarters, and Education and Training Buildings) and evaluated as groups within those typologies. The report concluded that all 12 buildings within the study area were ineligible for inclusion in the NRHP, CRHR, and the City of Riverside’s list of historically designated resources. Acting as architectural historian, conducted pedestrian survey and coauthored the built environment inventory and evaluation report. (2023–2024) Ocean Beach Pier Improvements Project, City of San Diego, California. Dudek was retained by the City of San Diego to prepare an HRTR for the Ocean Beach Pier Improvements Project. The City requested an evaluation of whether the Ocean Beach Pier (Ocean Beach Municipal, Pier, or Pier Project site) met eligibility criteria for local, state, or federal designation. The report was prepared in accordance with CEQA Guidelines, Section 15064.5, for historical resources and all applicable City guidelines and regulations. As a result of the evaluation, the Ocean Beach Pier was recommended eligible under NRHP and CRHR Criteria A/1 and C/3 and San Diego Historical Resources Board Designation Criteria A, C, and D. The Ocean Beach Pier reflected special elements of Ocean Beach’s historical and economic development and embodied distinctive characteristics of the concrete fishing pier typology. Responsibilities included fieldwork, archival research, and the associated property significance evaluation. (2022)
10 Los Angeles County Metro Area Plan Project, County of Los Angeles Department of Regional Planning, California.

Dudek was retained by the County of Los Angeles Department of Regional Planning to prepare a Historic Context Statement in support of the project. The goal of the Historic Context Statement component was to inform, enhance, and streamline the larger project as it pertained to historical resources. The communities involved within the Historic Context Statement included East Los Angeles, East Rancho Dominguez, Florence-Firestone, Walnut Park, West Athens-Westmont, West Rancho Dominguez-Victoria, and Willowbrook. The Historic Context Statement documents the development history of the communities from the rancho period to the present; identifies important themes, events, and patterns of development; and describes the different property types, styles, builders, and architects associated with these important periods and themes. The document also provided registration requirements and recommendations for future study/action by the County of Los Angeles to facilitate and streamline the historic preservation program. Responsibilities included conducting archival research, coauthoring the Historic Context Statement, engaging with interested parties, collaborating with the GIS team to create an online mapping tool, performing field survey, attending public meetings, and collaborating with the graphics team for flyers and social media content. (2021–2022) Florence-Firestone CPA Historic Resources Survey; County of Los Angeles Department of Regional Planning; California. Dudek was retained by the County of Los Angeles Department of Regional Planning to prepare a Historic Context Statement and conduct a Historic Resources Survey for the Florence-Firestone CPA. The goal of the project was to document the development history of the community from the rancho period to the present; identify important themes, events, and patterns of development; and describe the different property types, styles, builders, and architects associated with these important periods and themes. The document also provided registration requirements and recommendations for future study/action by the County of Los Angeles to facilitate and streamline the historic preservation program. Responsibilities included conducting archival research, coauthoring the Historic Context Statement, engaging with interested parties, collaborating with the GIS team to create an online mapping tool, attending public meetings, and collaborating with the graphics team for flyers and social media content. (2021–2022)
East Los Angeles Historic Resources Survey of Historic Age Commercial Signage; County of Los Angeles Department of Regional Planning; California. Dudek was retained by the County of Los Angeles Department of Regional Planning to perform a Historic Resources Survey and focused Historic Context Statement for historic age commercial signage located in the East Los Angeles CPA. The goal of the project is to document the history of commercial signage, record and evaluate significant historic signs, and designate all applicable signs as County Landmarks. Responsibilities include archival research, collaboration with the GIS team to create an online mapping tool, and collaboration with the graphics team for flyers and social media content. (2021) Mission Bay Park Improvements Project, City of San Diego, California. Dudek reviewed the City’s proposed seawall and bulkhead designs for conformance with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties, specifically the Standards for Rehabilitation. This review included advising the design team on how to remain in conformance with the standards by way of informal design review/check-ins throughout the design review process. Acting as architectural historian, conducted a pedestrian survey, and coauthored the Mission Beach Seawall Evaluation Memorandum. (2021–2022)
Pier View Way Bridge and Lifeguard Headquarters and Beachfront Phase II Project, Confidential Client, Oceanside, California. Dudek prepared a Built Environment Inventory and Evaluation Report for the proposed Pier View Way Bridge and Lifeguard Headquarters and Beachfront Phase II Project. The Project is in the City of Oceanside (City) and includes five properties, the Junior Seau Beach Community Center (Map ID 1), Pier View Way Bridge and Lifeguard Headquarters (Map ID 2), the Junior Seau Amphitheater/Bandshell (Map ID 3), Oceanside Comfort Station (Map ID 4), Parking Lot #30/Betty’s Lot (Map ID 5). The project involves improvements to the Pier View 11 Way Bridge and Lifeguard Headquarters, a suite of proposed improvements to the Junior Seau Beach Community Center and Plaza, a range of improvement options for the Junior Seau Amphitheater/Bandshell, and conceptual improvements to Parking Lot #30/Betty’s Lot consisting of built elements atop the existing surface parking lot to support a new beachfront park, community recreation classrooms, and a terraced park with multi-purpose landscaping and ramped paths. Four properties were previously recorded and recommended as eligible for the CRHR. Dudek reevaluated these properties under NRHP, CRHR, and City designation criteria as well as integrity requirements. Acting as architectural historian, conducted pedestrian surveys and coauthored the technical report. (2021–Present)
Mira Mesa CPA Historic Context Statement and Focused Reconnaissance Survey, City of San Diego, California.

Dudek prepared a historic context statement identifying the historical themes and associated property types important to the development of Mira Mesa, accompanied by a reconnaissance-level survey report focused on the master-planned residential communities within the Mira Mesa CPA. This study was completed as part of the comprehensive update to the Mira Mesa CPA and Programmatic Environmental Impact Report. While the historic context statement addressed all development themes and property types within the community, the scope of the survey was limited to residential housing within the CPA constructed between 1969 and 1990. Acting as architectural historian, coauthored and completed the historic context statement, the survey document, and all associated archival research efforts. (2020–2022)
University CPA Historic Context Statement and Focused Reconnaissance Survey, City of San Diego, California.

Dudek prepared a historic context statement identifying the historical themes and associated property types important to the development of the University CPA, accompanied by a reconnaissance-level survey report focused on the master-planned residential communities within the University CPA. This study was completed as part of the comprehensive update to the University CPA and Programmatic Environmental Impact Report. While the historic context statement addressed all development themes and property types within the community, the scope of the survey was limited to residential housing within the CPA constructed between the 1960s and 1990s.

Acting as architectural historian, coauthored and completed the historic context statement, the survey document, and all associated archival research efforts. (2020–2022) Coronado Citywide Historic Resources Inventory and Historic Context Statement, City of Coronado, California.

Dudek is currently in the process of preparing a historic context statement and historic resources inventory survey for all properties at least 50 years old within City of Coronado limits. Following current professional methodology standards and procedures developed by the California Office of Historic Preservation and the National Park Service, Dudek would develop a detailed historic context statement for the City that identifies and discusses the important themes, patterns of development, property types, and architectural styles prevalent throughout the City.

Dudek would also conduct a reconnaissance-level survey of all properties within City limits that are at least 50 years old to identify individual properties and groupings of properties (i.e., historic districts) with potential for historical significance under City Criterion C (properties that possess distinctive characteristics of an architectural style; are valuable for the study of a type, period, or method of construction; and have not been substantially altered). Acting as architectural historian, authored the historic context statement and conducted reconnaissancelevel surveys of properties within City limits. (2019–Present) Gilroy Citywide Historic Resources Inventory, City of Gilroy, California. Dudek completed a citywide historic context statement and historic resources inventory update of the City of Gilroy’s outdated 1986 historic resources inventory. Dudek hosted a public kickoff meeting/outreach session that was well-received by the community, successfully completed a reconnaissance-level survey of over 3,000 properties on time and within budget, and completed a draft citywide historic context statement. Dudek also prepared a Public Guide to Preservation that provided an overview of the City’s existing policies, what it means to live in a designated property/a district 12 contributor, answers to commonly asked questions concerning restrictions on alterations, and clarification of common misconceptions about property owner requirements. Acting as surveyor, utilized Dudek’s architectural survey application to record the features, alterations, and photographs of historic-era buildings throughout the City. Additionally, assisted in the data management and cleanup of the majority of the DPR Forms produced for each of the surveyed buildings. This process included assigning status codes, editing descriptions, choosing an accurate photograph, and adding proper narrative significance. (2020) 955 Hancock Avenue, City of West Hollywood, California. Dudek completed a City-compliant Historical Resource Assessment for a single-family residential property located at 955 Hancock Avenue in West Hollywood. The property was built in 1910 and did not appear to have been previously evaluated for historical significance. This study included a pedestrian survey of the property by a qualified architectural historian, building development and archival research, development of an appropriate historic context for the property, and recordation and evaluation of the property for historical significance and integrity in consideration of NRHP, CRHR, and City of West Hollywood Register eligibility requirements. Acting as architectural historian, assisted in the completion of the assessment as the primary writer. (2018)
Transportation
Keller Road/Interstate 215 Interchange Project, California Department of Transportation, Murrieta and Menifee, California. The project involved constructing a new, full interchange and auxiliary lanes at Interstate 215 and Keller Road in Riverside County. Acted as architectural historian for the project, coauthoring the HRER.

Preparation of the report included a site visit, archival research, historic context development of Murrieta and Menifee, building feature descriptions of six historic-era resources, and historical significance evaluations. (2018) Water
Two-Mile Wells Cultural Resources Inventory and Evaluation Report, Lake Arrowhead Community Services District, Lake Arrowhead, California. Dudek was retained by Lake Arrowhead Community Services District to complete a cultural resources inventory and evaluation report for the Two-Mile Wells Project, which involved construction activities including site preparation, borehole drilling, depth-specific water quality sampling, casing and screen installation, annular seal installation, well development, aquifer testing, disinfection, completion of the well head, and connection of the water wells via pipeline alignments to the Lake Arrowhead Community Services District’s existing water lines. The purpose of the report was to determine if the project would impact any historical resources pursuant to CEQA. As an architectural historian, coauthored the report and completed a review of the report. (2024)
Southern First Aqueduct Structures Rehabilitation Project, San Diego County Water Authority, California. Dudek conducted a Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory (including both archaeological and built environment) for the Southern First Aqueduct Rehabilitation Project, located along a 21-mile stretch of the First San Diego Aqueduct, east of Interstate 15 from the City of Escondido in the north to the Goodan Ranch/Sycamore Canyon County Preserve west of San Vicente Reservoir. As part of this effort, the San Diego Water Authority applied for a Letter of Permission under its Programmatic Master Plan Permit with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE), pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. ACOE is the federal lead agency responsible for overseeing compliance with Section 106 of the NHPA, as this project is exempt from review under CEQA. Acting as architectural historian, coauthored the Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory Report and authored the analysis of potential adverse effects. (2021)
13 Historic Context Statement for Reservoirs, City of San Diego Public Utilities Department, California. Dudek completed a survey and historic context statement for the City’s surface water storage system, including 10 dam complexes and the Dulzura Conduit. Dudek also prepared detailed impacts assessments for proposed modification to dams, as required by the Department of Safety of Dams. The project involves evaluation of 10 dam complexes and conduit for historical significance in consideration of NRHP, CRHR, and City designation criteria and integrity requirements. The evaluation required extensive archival research and a pedestrian survey.

Acting as architectural historian, evaluated five resources, including the Dulzura Conduit, Upper Otay Dam, Murray Dam, Sutherland Dam, and Miramar Dam. (2018–2020)
Historical Resources Impacts Assessment for Maintenance on the Morena Dam Spillway, City of San Diego, California. Acted as the primary author for an impacts assessment of proposed project activities, including maintenance to the Morena Dam, which is considered a historical resource under CEQA and a historic property under Section 106 of the NHPA. (2019)
Professional Activities
▪ Meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualifications Standards for history and architectural history pursuant to the Code of Federal Regulations, 36 CFR Part 61, Appendix A. ▪ Approved to prepare CEQA documents for the County of San Diego for privately initiated projects for historic resources.

Specialized Training
▪ Specialized Certificate in CEQA Practice, UC San Diego Extension, 90 hours of study, March 2022. - BUSA40739: CEQA, UC San Diego Extension, Summer 2019. - ENVR-40008: Writing Effective CEQA Documents, UC San Diego Extension, Winter 2021. - ENVR-40010: CEQA in Practice, UC San Diego Extension, Spring 2021. - ENVR-40009: Advanced CEQA, UC San Diego Extension, Winter 2022.

Publications
Frank, N. 2018. “Mid-Century Glass Block: The Colored Patterned and Textured Era.” Master’s Thesis; The School of the Art Institute of Chicago. June 2018.

Frank, N. 2018. “Draft Reconstruction Era Edwardian Flats Historic Context Statement, 1901-1915.” Internal Draft. City and County of San Francisco Planning Department. August 2018.

Presentations
“An Exploration into Mid-Century Glass Block Design: The Colored, Patterned, and Textured Era,” 2024.

Presented at Docomomo U.S. National Symposium. Miami, Florida. “Mid-Century Glass Block: The Colored Patterned and Textured Era,” 2018. Presented at the Association for Preservation Technology Annual Conference. Buffalo, New York. “Mid-Century Glass Block: The Colored Patterned and Textured Era,” 2018. Presented at the Association for Preservation Technology Western Great Lakes Chapter and DOCOMOMO U.S./Chicago 2018 Symposium:

Preservation Challenges of Modernist Structures. Chicago, Illinois. 1 Adam Giacinto

ARCHAEOLOGIST
Adam Giacinto is an archaeologist with 13 years' experience preparing cultural resource reports, site records, and managing archaeological survey, evaluation, and data recovery-level investigations. His research interests include prehistoric hunter-gatherer cultures and contemporary conceptions of heritage. His current research focuses on the social, historical, archaeological, and political mechanisms surrounding heritage values. He has gained practical experience in archaeological and ethnographic field methods while conducting research in the Southwest, Mexico, and Eastern Europe.

Mr. Giacinto brings specialized experience in cultural resources information processing gained while working at the South Coastal Information Center. He has worked as part of a nonprofit collaboration in designing and managing a largescale, preservation-oriented, standardized database and conducting site and impact predictive Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis of the cultural resources landscape surrounding ancient Lake Cahuilla. He provides experience in ethnographic and applied anthropological methods gained in urban and rural settings, both in the United States and internationally.

Project Experience
Development
Canergy–Rutherford Road Development Project, Ericsson–Grant Inc., El Centro, California. As co-principal investigator, coordinated records searches, Native American contact, map preparation and fieldwork.

Park Boulevard Environmental Impact Report (EIR), City of Palo Alto, California.

As principal archaeological investigator, coordinated a Northwest Indian College (NWIC) records search, Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and Native American consultation, archaeological survey, and preparation of a technical report and EIR section. An appropriate mitigation strategy was developed and provided to the City of Palo Alto for this negative cultural inventory.

Oro Verde Development Fire Protection Planning, Wohlford Land Company LLC, Valley Center, California. As principal investigator, coordinated a SCIC records search, NAHC and Native American consultation, archaeological survey, and preparation of a negative technical letter report for this small residential development. The mitigation strategy did not require additional archaeological monitoring or other work based on the lack of archaeological sites, and the low potential for encountering unrecorded subsurface cultural resources. Recommendations were submitted to the County of San Diego.

Fifth Avenue Development Cultural Inventory, E2 ManageTech Inc., Chula Vista, California. As principal investigator, coordinated the preparation of a paleontological, archaeological, and historic resource inventory for a proposed residential project. Responsibilities included a SCIC records search, San Diego Natural History Museum Education
San Diego State
University
MA, Anthropology, 2011
Santa Rosa Junior College
AA, Anthropology, 2004
Sonoma State University
BA, Anthropology/
Linguistics, 2006
Professional Affiliations
Register of Professional
Archaeologists
Society for California
Archaeology American
Anthropological
Association Institute of
Archaeomythology
American Anthropological
Association
2 (SDNHM) records search, archival research, agency and client communication, GIS, and compiling the technical report and appendices. Results were submitted as a technical report s to the City of Chula Vista.

Normal Street Evaluations, Darco Engineering Inc., San Diego, California. As principal investigator, managed the preparation of a historic resource evaluation for a number of buildings located in the community of University Heights. Responsibilities included an SCIC records search, agency and client communication, archival research, GIS, and compiling the technical report and appendices. Results were submitted as a technical report and associated appendices to the City of San Diego.

Mapleton Park Centre Site Analysis, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan Inc., Murrieta, California. As principal archaeological consultant, prepared project constraints study, within the County of Riverside.

New Kaiser Permanente Medical Center EIR, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan Inc., San Diego, California. As field director, conducted survey of proposed medical center and reported negative findings to the City of San Diego.

St. John Garabed Church Environmental Services, St. John Garabed Armenian Apostolic Church Trust, San Diego, California. As field director and co-principal investigator, conducted a survey of the proposed church facilities and reported findings to the City of San Diego. Additional responsibilities included preparation of the cultural and paleontological sections for the project EIR.

PMC Quarry Creek Project Phase II Cultural Evaluation, McMillin Land Development, Carlsbad, California. As field director, managed and conducted archaeological testing, data analysis, report writing and mapping of existing cultural resources within the 60-acre Quarry Creek Project study area.

University Office and Medical Park Project Cultural Resource Study Survey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE), San Marcos, California. As field director, managed a team of archaeologists in conducting survey of the 49.5-acre study area in a general inventory of potentially impacted cultural resources and prepared maps and a report for the presentation of this information.

Education
Vacaville Center Campus Project, Solano Community College District, City of Vacaville, California. As principal archaeological investigator, coordinated a NWIC records search, NAHC and Native American communication, archaeological survey, and preparation of a technical report. Recommendations were framed in compliance with California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) regulations and submitted to the lead agency.

Mission Beach Elementary School EIR, McKellar McGowan, San Diego, California. As principal archaeological investigator, coordinated Southern California Indian Center (SCIC) records search, NAHC, and Native American consultation, archaeological survey, and preparation of a technical report. The mitigation strategy did not require archaeological monitoring or other work based on the lack of archaeological sites, as well as the low potential for encountering unrecorded subsurface cultural resources. Submitted recommendations to the City of San Diego.

San Diego State University (SDSU) West Campus Housing EIR/Tech Studies, Gatzke, Dillon and Ballance, San Diego, California. As principal archaeological investigator, coordinated a SCIC records search, NAHC and Native American consultation, archaeological survey, and preparation of a technical report and EIR section. An appropriate mitigation strategy was developed and provided to SDSU for this negative cultural inventory.

Orange Coast College Initial Study (IS), Coast Community College District, Orange, California. As principal archaeological investigator, coordinated records search, NAHC and Native American consultation, archaeological survey, preparation of a technical report, and provided management and compliance recommendations relating to cultural resources on three Orange County College campuses. 3 Energy
McCoy Solar Energy Project, McCoy Solar LLC, Blythe, California. As principal investigator, supervised, implemented, and reported upon data recovery efforts under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Guidelines, CEQA, and County of Riverside Guidelines. General responsibilities included day to day scheduling oversight of Native American monitors and archaeologists, tribal interface, management of cultural monitoring implementation, and agency reporting. Worked with the Dudek Compliance team to provide cultural summaries for 14 variance requests. Reporting included preperation and submittal of daily cultural resource summaries to interested tribal parties and the BLM, monthly summaries of cultural compliance status and treatment of unanticipated finds, bi-weekly BLM-McCoy Solar meetings and a montitoring summary report. Mr. Giacinto was the lead in two formal trainings with monitors and counsel members from the Colorado River Indian Tribes regarding federal and state regulations relating to human remains, County and BLM guiding documents, identification of cultural material, and the multiple understandings of “cultural resources.”
BayWa Granger Solar Site Survey, RBF Consulting, Valley Center, California. As principal investigator, managed the inventory and prepared management recommendations for a proposed solar farm in Valley Center, California. A relationship of open dialogue between Mr. Giacinto and the client allowed for the project design to avoid significant direct and indirect impacts to cultural resources the proper the development of compliant mitigation and informed project design. Results were submitted to the County of San Diego Department of Planning and Land Use.

Valley Center Solar Site Survey, RBF Consulting, Valley Center, California. As Principal Investigator, managed inventory and prepared management recommendations for a proposed solar farm. A relationship of open dialogue between Mr. Giacinto and the client allowed for the project design to avoid significant direct and indirect impacts to cultural resources the proper the development of compliant mitigation and informed project design. Results were submitted to the County of San Diego Department of Planning and Landuse.

Wind Energy Project, Confidential Client, Riverside, California. As principal cultural investigator, prepared the cultural scope and schedule, coordinated the records search, NAHC and Native American consultation, archaeological survey, and preparation of a technical report for the County of Riverside that provided management and compliance recommendations relating to identified cultural resources. Additional responsibilities included coordination of paleontological and Native American monitor subconsultants.

Gas Line for Poway Pump Station, City of Poway, San Diego County California. As principal investigator, conducted an inventory, coordinated survey, and provided amangement recommendations in technical report.

Sol Orchard Solar Farm, RBF Consulting, Ramona, California. As Principal Investigator, coordinated archaeological and Native American monitoring and prepared management recommendations for a proposed solar farm in Ramona, California. All impacts to significant cultural resources in the vicinity were avoided. Results were submitted to the County of San Diego.

Solar Farm Cultural Resources Services, Confidential Client, San Diego, California. As project director, managed a crew of 8 archaeologists in conducting the survey, surface mapping, surface collection, and excavation of 13 prehistoric and historical period sites throughout the McCain Valley.

Makani Power Wind Turbine Pilot Program, Google Inc., Alameda, California. As principal investigator, coordinated a NWIC records search, NAHC and Native American consultation, archaeological survey, and preparation of a negative technical memo a for this potential wind farm. The mitigation strategy did not require additional 4 archaeological monitoring or other work based on the lack of archaeological sites, and the low potential for encountering unrecorded subsurface cultural resources. Recommendations were submitted as a categorical exemption to the reviewing agency.

As-Needed Environmental Analysis for Solar Project Road Access, Confidential Client, San Diego, California. As field director, managed a crew of 12 archaeologists in conducting the survey, surface mapping, surface collection and excavation of 42 prehistoric and historical period sites throughout the McCain Valley.

East County Substation EIR/Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), San Diego County, California. As field archaeologist, worked as part of a team to survey the possible impacts to exiting and newly recorded cultural resources.

Class III Cultural Resources Inventory for Meteorological Masts 1 and 4 and Access Roads, Iberdrola Renewables, Kern County, California. As field director, managed a team of archaeologists in conducting surveys of the study area in a general inventory of potentially impacted cultural resources.

Wood to Steel Pole Conversion Survey, San Diego Gas and Electric (SDG&E), San Diego County, California. As crew chief, managed a team of archaeologists in conducting a survey of Circuit 75 in a general inventory of potentially impacted cultural resources.

Sunrise Powerlink Project Monitoring, SDG&E, Imperial and San Diego Counties, California. As a field director, assisted in managing an archaeological field crew, aided in data collection, and conducted monitoring by facilitating planned mitigation strategies of construction and pre-construction activities associated with a 500-kilovolt (kV) transmission line, access roads, and work areas.

Cal Valley Solar Ranch-Switchyard Site No. 3 Archaeological Testing, Ecology & Environment Inc., San Luis Obispo County, California. With team of archaeologists, conducted excavations and performed general testing of a middle prehistoric site.

Wood to Steel Pole Conversion, SDG&E, Cleveland National Forest (CNF), San Diego County, California. As crew chief, managed a team of archaeologists in conducting a survey of Circuit 440 in a general inventory of potentially impacted cultural resources.

Devers to Palo Verde 2 (DPV2) Colorado River Substation Project Monitoring, Southern California Edison (SCE), Blythe, California. As project archaeologist, monitored the geotechnical testing of soils along access road leading into Colorado River Substation from the west.

Sunrise Powerlink Pole Fielding and Environmental Monitoring, SDG&E, Imperial and San Diego Counties, California. As the archaeological representative, worked with SDG&E-contracted engineers, surveyors, and biologists to assess proposed work areas, access roads, and structure locations for possible impacts upon existing cultural resources.

Wood to Steel Pole Conversion Pole Fielding, SDG&E and CNF, San Diego County, California. As the archaeological representative, worked with SDGE-contracted engineers, surveyors, and biologists to assess proposed pole transmission pole locations for possible impacts upon existing cultural resources.

Wood to Steel Pole Conversion, SDG&E and CNF, San Diego County, California. As field archaeologist, worked as part of a team to survey segments of Circuit 449, Circuit 78, TL 625, and TL 629 for possible impacts to existing cultural resources.
5 Guy Pole and Stub Pole Removal Monitoring, SDG&E, Carlsbad, California. As archaeological representative, monitored activities associated with the removal of existing unused energy transmission infrastructure in an area near recorded cultural resources of noted significance.

DPV2 500 kV Transmission Line Survey, SCE, Riverside County, California. As field archaeologist, worked as part of a team to survey more than 45 miles of linear proposed project area. Conducted an intensive inventory of prehistoric and historical period cultural resources from Desert Center to Thousand Palms.

DPV2 Colorado Switchyard Survey, SCE, Riverside County, California. As project archaeologist, prepared the site records gathered through a pre-field records search and created project area maps in GIS illustrating the location and type of preexisting cultural resources prior field survey for a fiber-optic ground wire project for DPV2 Colorado switchyard in Blythe.

Pole Replacement Projects Surveying, SCE, Orange and Riverside Counties, California. As project archaeologist, prepared the site records gathered through a pre-field records search and created project area maps in GIS illustrating the location and type of preexisting cultural resources prior to fieldwork for the deteriorated pole project within the CNF, and deteriorated pole and pole replacement on private property.

Sunrise Powerlink Environmentally Superior Southern Alternative Survey, SDG&E, San Diego and Imperial Counties, California. As project archaeologist, assisted in preparing the site records gathered through a pre-field records search and digitized the boundaries if archaeological sites in GIS illustrating the location and type of preexisting cultural resources, and a records search of existing site data for alternative route.

Military
Cultural Resources Inventory, March Joint Powers Authority, Riverside County, California. As principal investigator, managed the field efforts, reporting, and facilitated tribal consultation for cultural inventory. The report included preparation of a cultural context for WW-I and WW-II era history of the air fields and camp in the vicinity. Resource considerations were compliant with CEQA and Section 106 of the NHPA.

Utility Corridor Survey at Edwards Air Force Base (EAFB), U.S. Air Force (USAF), Riverside, California. As archaeologist, guided the design and preparation of digital field forms to assist in the recordation of archaeological resources at archaeological sites throughout the EAFB, including the Pancho Barnes site.

Infill Survey Project at EAFB, USAF, Riverside, California. As crew chief, managed a team of five archaeologists in conducting a general pedestrian inventory of cultural resources within a 7,650-acre study area.

Desert Warfare Training Facility Cultural Resources Inventory Project, U.S. Navy Southwest, Imperial County, California. As field archaeologist, worked as part of a team to conduct an intensive inventory of prehistoric and historical period cultural resources in selected areas within the Chocolate Mountains Gunnery Range in Niland.

Morgan/Bircham 55 to 12 kV Project Survey, U.S. Navy-Naval Air Weapons Station (NAWS)-China Lake, Inyo County, California. As project archaeologist, prepared the site records gathered through a pre-field records search and created project area maps in GIS illustrating the location and type of preexisting cultural resources prior to field survey at NAWS China Lake.

Resource Management
Yokohl Ranch Cultural Resources, The Yokohl Ranch Company LLC, Tulare, California. As co-principal investigator and field director, managed 15 archaeologists in conducting 1,900 acres of survey throughout the Yokohl Valley. 6 Hamilton Hospital Project, City of Novato, California. As principal investigator, managed tribal and archaeological fieldwork and methodological reporting relating to the extended Phase I inventory geoprobe drilling and shovel test pit excavation. Considerations included compliance under CEQA and local regulations.

Maidu Bike Path and Park Projects, City of Auburn, California. As principal investigator, managed the survey, archival searches, tribal correspondence, and reported mangement recommendations for a cultural resources inventory. Considerations included compliance under CEQA and Section 106 of the NHPA.

Steephollow Creek and Bear River Restoration, Nevada County, California. As principal investigator, assisted with management of field efforts and preperation of a technical report for a cultural inventory. Resources were evaluated for significance under CEQA, and Section 106 of the NHPA.

Hanson El Monte Pond Restoration, Lakeside’s River Park Conservancy, San Diego, California. As principal investigator, managed the field efforts, reporting, and agency interface for a cultural inventory. Resources were evaluated for significance under county guidelines, CEQA, and Section 106 of the NHPA. Worked with the ACOE for submittal of documents to State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO).

Peter's Canyon Regional Park CEQA Study, Orange County Fire Authority, Orange, California. As principal investigator, conducted a cultural resources inventory of all cultural resources within Peters Canyon planned fuel reduction areas. Mr. Giacinto coordinated a SCIC records search, NAHC and Native American consultation, archaeological survey, and preparation of a technical report. Recommendations were provided to agency personnel to assist in mitigating any possible adverse effects to cultural resources in the project vicinity.

Yokohl Ranch Development Project, The Yokohl Ranch Company LLC, Tulare County, California. As co-principal investigator and field director, managed 15 archaeologists in conducting significance evaluation of 118 historical and prehistoric cultural resources throughout the Yokohl Valley.

Lake Cahuilla Management Plan, ASM PARC, Riverside County, California. As project archaeologist and lead analyst, led in the formation of a standardized database associated with ancient Lake Cahuilla. Performed GIS data integration and predictive analysis, data entry of site record information, and completed multi-day, multiperson record search for Riverside County.

Third-Party Review and Monitoring
Ocotillo Wind Energy Facility Third-party Compliance Monitoring, BLM, Imperial County, California. As third-party observer, collaborated with the BLM in maintaining cultural compliance with federal environmental policies. In addition, processed archaeological and Native American comments for BLM attention.

Rio Mesa Solar Electric Generating Facility CEQA Studies, BrightSource Energy Inc., Riverside, California. As thirdparty reviewer, collaborated with the BLM, the California Energy Commission, and Brightsource to review URS Corporation's cultural report content, quality, and environmental compliance.

Tribal
South Palm Canyon West Fork Flood Emergency Work, Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians, Palm Springs, California. As principal investigator, worked with the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Tribal Historic Preservation Office to conduct archaeological monitoring on tribal lands of emergency repairs within Andreas Canyon National Register of Historic Places listed district. A monitoring report with a summary of findings and implemented mitigation activities, daily monitoring logs and photos, and confidential figures was provided to the tribe. 7 South Palm Canyon Improvements, Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians, Palm Springs, California. As principal investigator, worked with the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Tribal Historic Preservation Office to conduct archaeological monitoring on tribal lands of facility improvements within Andreas Canyon National Register of Historic Places listed district. A monitoring report with a summary of findings and implemented mitigation activities, daily monitoring logs and photos, and confidential figures was provided to the tribe.

Shu'luuk Wind Project Cultural Resource Study Survey, Campo Environmental Protection Agency and Invenergy LLC, Campo Indian Reservation, California. As field director, managed two teams of archaeologists, consisting of seven total practitioners, in conducting a survey of the 2,400-acre study area in a general inventory of potentially impacted cultural resources. Worked with Campo Environmental Protection Agency, of the Campo Kumeyaay Nation, in forming management objectives and integrating six Native American Monitors into daily survey activities.

Water/Wastewater
As Needed Planning and Environmental Contract, Recycled Wastewater Treatment Plant Secondary Process Upgrade Improvement Project, City of Auburn, California. As principal investigator, managed the survey, archival searches, tribal correspondence, and reported mangement recommendations for a cultural resources inventory.

Considerations included compliance under CEQA and Section 106 of the NHPA.

Recycled Water Pipeline Project, City of Woodland, California. As principal investigator, managed the survey, archival searches, tribal correspondence, and reported mangement recommendations for a cultural resources inventory. Considerations included compliance under CEQA and Section 106 of the NHPA.

Carlsbad Desalination Third Addendum to EIR Biological Survey and Monitoring, Poseidon Water LLC, Carlsbad, California. As archaeological consultant, conducted archaeological monitoring and consultation on an as-needed basis.

Old Mission Dam, City of San Diego, California. As principal investigator, conducted an inventory, coordinated survey, and prepared recommendations for the maintenance of the National Register of Historic Places listed resource, Old Mission Dam.

Otay River Wetland Mitigation, Poseidon Water LLC, San Diego, California. As field director, conducted a cultural resources survey of a mitigation property, managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), to be used for estuary restoration.

Vallecitos Water District Rock Springs Sewer, Infrastructure Engineering Corporation, San Diego, California. As principal investigator, coordinated a SCIC records search, NAHC and Native American consultation, archaeological survey, and preparation of a negative technical letter report for this small residential development. The mitigation strategy did require additional archaeological monitoring based on the potential to encounter subsurface cultural resources. Recommendations were submitted to the Vallecitos Water District.

Relevant Previous Experience
Guest Lecturer in Cultural Resources for Upper Division CEQA Course, University of San Diego (USD), California. As cultural resources lecturer, was invited to present on cultural resources history and management under CEQA for an upper devision USD course in April, 2015. A presentation was created with the intention of poviding a contextual and technical understanding of how cultural resources are interpreted and evaluatued under CEQA.

The implications relating to the Friends of Mamoth (1972) decision and other cases were outlined in detail. AB-52 considerations and timing were summarized, and implications of Tribal Cultural Resources as a class of resources was discussed.
8 Investigation of Emergent Trends of San Diego Cultural Resource Management, San Diego County, California. As ethnographic researcher, conducted verbal, semi-structured interviews with 17 archaeologists, policy makers, and Native American monitors and curators regarding the history and current practice of Cultural Resource Management. Information was contextualized through extensive background research using legal, academic, specialized, and archival sources. Analysis employed a synthesis of cultural anthropological and archaeological theory and practice. Results were published as MA, thesis in Anthropology at SDSU (2012).

Needs Assessment/Diagnostic for the Community of La Sierra de San Francisco, Baja California Sur, Mexico. As ethnographic researcher, worked for SDSU through a grant provided by the International Community Foundation to conduct a general needs assessment in a UNESCO protected community within a UNESCO defined region of World Heritage, la Sierra de San Francisco. Resolved to help with improving the infrastructure of potable water, assisting in the construction of a system of telecommunications for education, and conducting workshops aimed at the preservation of local prehistoric and historical cultural and archaeological resources (2010).

Ethnographic Field School, Zimatlan, Oaxaca, Mexico. As ethnographic student/researcher for SDSU, lived with local family and conducted interviews with local population regarding microcredit, sustainable/traditional agriculture and husbandry. Additionally, compiled audio/visual digital stories with local youth and conducted training in research and appropriate documentation. Emphasis was placed on dietary and generational cultural changes (2009).

Research Assistant, SDSU Collections Management, San Diego, California. As graduate student at SDSU, worked in Collections Management under the instruction of Dr. Lynn Gamble (2007). Responsibilities included laboratory analyses, data entry, record processing, and collections curation management.

Research Assistant, South Coastal Information Center (SCIC), SDSU, San Diego California. As graduate student at SDSU, worked at SCIC under the instruction of Dr. Seth Mallios (2008). Responsibilities included site record and report processing and resource mapping.

Archaeological Field School, SDSU, San Diego California. As graduate student at SDSU, attended an archaeological fieldschool at Cuyamaca Complex Type Site under the instruction of Dr. Lynn Gamble (2007).

Archaeological Researcher, Institute of Archaeomythology, Sebastopol, California. As as researcher and photographer, attended lectures and assisted with symposiums in Bulgaria, Serbia and Romania (2004 and 2008) Archaeological Field School, Sonoma State University (SSU), Rohnert Park, California. As undergraduate student at SSU, attended an archaeological fieldschool under the instruction of Dr. Adrian Praetzellis (2005).

Publications
Conway, F., R. Espinoza, and A. Giacinto. 2010 “Results of Needs Assessment Conducted with Communities of La Sierra de San Francisco, 2009-2010.” Submitted to the International Community Foundation.

Giacinto, Adam. 2010. “A Qualitative History of "Cultural Resource" Management.” ethnographix.org. May 2010.

Giacinto, Adam. 2010. “A Qualitative Investigation of "Cultural Resource" Management In San Diego.” The Society for the Anthropology of North America. April 2010.

Giacinto, Adam. 2011. “A Qualitative History of "Cultural Resource" Management.” anthropologiesproject.org.

May 2011.
9 Giacinto, Adam. 2012. “Emergent Trends of Cultural Resource Management: Alternative Conceptions of Past, Present and Place.” MA, thesis in Anthropology, San Diego State University, 2012.

Technical Reports
Castells, J. and A. Giacinto 2013. “Archaeological, Historical, and Paleontological Resources Inventory for the 5th Avenue Chula Vista Development Project, City of Chula Vista, California.” Prepared for E2 ManageTech Inc. Submitted to City of Chula Vista.

Castells, J. and A. Giacinto 2014. “Historic Resources Inventory for the Normal Street Project, City of San Diego, California.” Submitted to City of San Diego.

Cook, J.R., A. Garcia-Herbst, A. Giacinto, and M. Dalope 2010. “Addendum to HDR|e²M Final Report: Prehistoric Artifact Scatters, Bedrock Milling Stations and Tin Can Dumps: Results of a Cultural Resources Study for the SDG&E East County Substation Project. San Diego County, California.” Daniels, J.T., A. Giacinto, I. Scharlotta, N. Hanten, M.J. Hale 2012. “Archaeological Evaluation for the Rugged Solar Project. San Diego County, California.”
DeCarlo, M.M., A. Giacinto, and W.T. Eckhardt 2010. “Cultural Resources Inventory for the Proposed Colorado River Substation Expansion Project. Riverside County, California.” Ghabhláin, S., A. Giacinto, and T. Quach 2011. “Cultural Resources Evaluation for the Quarry Creek Project. City of Carlsbad,California.”
Giacinto, A. 2012. “Negative Cultural Resources Survey Report for the Kaiser Permanente San Diego Central Medical Center, San Diego County, California.”
Giacinto, A. 2013. “Archaeological Monitoring Summary Memo for the South Palm Canyon Improvements Project, Agua Caliente Band of Mission Indians Reservation, California.” Giacinto, A. 2013. “Archaeological Reconnaissance for Categorical CEQA Exemption for the Makani/Google Airborne Wind Turbine Pilot Project, Alameda County, California.” Giacinto, A. 2013. “Cultural Resources Phase I Addendum Report for the Old Mission Dam Maintenance Project, San Diego County, California.” Prepared for the City of San Diego.

Giacinto, A. 2013. “Cultural Resources Phase I Survey Report for the NorthLight Power Valley Center Solar Power Project, San Diego County, California.” Prepared for RBF Environmental. Submitted to County of San Diego Department of Planning and Landuse.

Giacinto, A. 2013. “Negative Findings Letter Report for a Phase I Cultural Resources Study Conducted for the VWD Rock Springs Project, San Diego County, California.” Submitted on behalf of IEC Corporation to the Vallecitos Water District.

Giacinto, A. 2013. “Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment Report for the Smoke Tree Wind Project, Riverside County, California.” Prepared for Ogin Inc. Submitted to County of Riverside Planning Department.

Giacinto, A. 2014. “Cultural Resources Technical Report for the West Campus Student Housing Complex Project, San Diego County, California.” Submitted to County of San Diego Department of Planning and Landuse. 10 Giacinto, A. 2014. “Negative Cultural Resources Phase I Survey Report for the Oro Verde Project, San Diego County, California.” Submitted to County of San Diego Department of Planning and Landuse.

Giacinto, A. 2014. “Phase I Archaeological Inventory Report for the Mission Beach Residences Project, San Diego County, California.” Prepared for McKellar-Ashbrook LLC. Submitted to the City of San Diego Development Services Department.

Giacinto, A. 2014. “Phase I Archaeological Inventory Report for the Santa Barbara Place Residences Project, San Diego County, California.” Prepared for McKellar-Ashbrook LLC. Submitted to the City of San Diego Development Services Department.

Giacinto, A. and M. Hale 2013. “Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment Report for the WCSS0011R1 and WCS00012R1 Project, Riverside County, California.” Prepared for FloDesign Wind Turbine Corporation.

Submitted to County of Riverside Planning Department.

Giacinto, A., and J. Cook 2011. “Cultural Resource Study for the UOMP Project.” Letter Report.San Diego County, California.

Giacinto, A., and M. Becker 2012. “Padre Dam Eastern Service Area Secondary Connection-Alternative Site Location.” Letter Report. San Diego County, California.

Giacinto, A., and M. Hale 2012. “Cultural Resources Survey Report for the St. John Garabed Church Project, San Diego County, California.”
Giacinto, A., and M. Hale. 2013. “Cultural Resources and Paleontological Survey Report for the St. John Garabed Church Project, San Diego County, California.” Submitted to the City of San Diego, California.

Giacinto, A., J.T. Daniels, M.J. Hale, 2012. “Archaeological Evaluation for the Tierra Del Sol Project. San Diego County, California.”
Hale, M. and A. Giacinto 2014. “Negative Cultural Resources Phase I Inventory for the Canergy Project, Brawley, Imperial County, California.” Prepared for Ericsson-Grant Inc. Submitted to Imperial County Planning and Development.

Hale, M., A. Giacinto, and J. Schaefer 2012. “Class III Cultural Resources Inventory for the Campo Invenergy Project, Campo Indian Reservation, San Diego California.” Hale, M., A. Giacinto, and N. Hanten, edt. 2013. “Cultural Resources Inventory and Evaluation for the Yokohl Ranch Project, Tulare County, California.” Contributions by S. Hector, A. Garcia-Herbst, L.. Akyüz, M.

Becker, S. Ní Ghabhláin, and S. Stringer-Bowsher
Hale, M., and A. Giacinto 2012. “Cultural Resources Inventory for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Otay River Estuary Restoration Project, Otay Mesa, San Diego County, California.” Hale, M., and A. Giacinto 2012. “Cultural Resources Inventory for the Orange County Fire Authority Project, Peters Canyon, Orange County, California.”
Hale, M., and A. Giacinto 2012. “North Embarcadero Port Master Plan Amendment (NE-PMPA) EIR, Chapter 4.9, Port of San Diego, San Diego, California.”
11 Hale, M., and A. Giacinto 2012. “Rio Mesa Solar EIS, Chapter 4.6, Brightsource, Riverside County, California.” Hale, M., and A. Giacinto 2013. “Yokohl Ranch Project EIR, Chapter 4.6, Yokohl Valley, Tulare County, California.” Hale, M., S. Andrews, M. Dalope, A. Giacinto, and N. Hanten 2012. “Phase I Cultural Resources Inventory of 7,650 acres in Management Areas 1B, 3D, and 3E Edwards Air Force Base, Kern County, California.” Prepared for Richard Bark, JT3 LLC, Subcontract Number 1A10000101.

Presentations
“Managing California’s Cultural Resources on Public Lands: A Third-party Consultant Perspective,” 2015.

Presented at Society for California Archaeology, San Diego, California. “A GIS Analysis of Ancient Lake Cahuilla Archaeological Sites, Riverside County, California, United States,” 2012.

Presented at Society for California Archaeology, San Diego, California. “Emergent Trends of San Diego Cultural Resource Management,” 2012. Presented at Society for California Archaeology, San Diego, California.
“A GIS Analysis of Ancient Lake Cahuilla Archaeological Sites, Riverside County, California, United States,” 2011.

Presented at Balancias y Perspectivas, National Institute of Archaeology and History (NIAH), Mexicali, Mexico. 1 Monte Kim, PhD

SENIOR ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN
Monte Kim (he/him) is a senior architectural historian and historic built environment resource specialist with over 21 years of professional experience in all phases of regulatory compliance under Section 106 and Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act, National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), and California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). He has experience in the inventory and evaluation of resources within the historic built environment, as well as the assessment of effects on historic properties and historical resources and has authored or co-authored nominations for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and has overseen the documentation of historic properties in accordance with the standards required for the Historic American Building Survey (HABS), the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER), and the Historic American Landscape Survey (HALS). He has also developed, implemented, and overseen the compliance of resource-specific mitigation measures, treatment plans, protection plans, and interpretive plans for large, transportation-related projects, including the California High-Speed Rail Project.

Additionally, he has experience consulting with State Historic Preservation Officers and developing programmatic agreements and memorandum of agreement documents for government agencies. Mr. Kim meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards for history and architectural history.

Relevant Project Experience
On-Call Services for Department of Water Resources, Operations and Maintenance Division, State of California. Dudek was retained by the State of California’s Department of Water Resources (DWR), Operations and Maintenance Division (O&M), to assist in a wide range of on-going environmental compliance efforts, including project design reviews to ensure compliance with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties and CEQA impact assessments. Mr. Kim also provides senior level guidance and reviews of the built environment evaluations and technical reports prepared under the current task orders.

California Department of Fish and Wildlife Mission Creek Habitat Restoration Project, Santa Barbara County, California. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) retained Dudek to provide a peer review of a mitigated negative declaration (MND) and the supporting cultural resources technical studies for the Mission Creek Habitat Restoration Project. The reports were prepared for Southern California Edison for a project that involved restoration treatments on a 2.88-acre site and the evaluation of historic built resources within the area of potential impacts in conformance with the regulatory requirements of CEQA. Mr. Kim reviewed the MND and supporting technical studies and found them to be adequate for compliance under CEQA.

Education
University of California,
Santa Barbara PhD,
History, 2005
California State University,
Sacramento MA,
Public History, 1999
University of California,
Santa Cruz BA,
History, 1996
Professional Affiliations
California Preservation
Foundation
Vernacular Architecture
Forum
Transportation Research
Board
2 Area of Potential Effects Justification & Preliminary Effects Assessment Memorandum for the San Luis Rey Habitat Management Area Wetland Restoration Project, San Diego County, California. Dudek assisted the San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA) as part of an on-call contract to address comments from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) regarding potential impacts from the San Luis Rey Habitat Management Area Wetlands Restoration Project on a segment of the Second San Diego Aqueduct within the project’s area of potential effects (APE). The memorandum recommended that SCDWA consider the aqueduct segment within the APE eligible for the NRHP for the purposes of the undertaking only and that a finding of no historic properties affected under 36 CFR § 800.4(d)(1) would be appropriate because the resource would be avoided and protected through measures implemented by the project. Mr. Kim authored the justification for the APE and the Section 106 preliminary effects analysis using the criteria of adverse effect (36 CFR § 800.5).

Cultural Resources Technical Memorandum for the Scotts Valley Water District Intertie Project, Santa Cruz County, California. Dudek was retained by the Scotts Valley Water District to evaluate the impacts from the extension of a 9,600 linear-foot water pipeline to a new pump station in unincorporated Santa Cruz County. Dudek completed a records search, intensive pedestrian survey, and evaluation of built resources within the pipeline’s study area. The memorandum found that none of the built resources in the study area were eligible for the NRHP, CRHR, or local designation. These resources were also evaluated in accordance with 14 CCR § 15064.5(a)(2)-(3) using the criteria outlined in PRC § 5024.1 and determined not to be historical resources for the purposes of CEQA. Mr. Kim provided a senior level review of the evaluations and the technical memorandum for this project (2023).

Previous Project Experience
California High-Speed Rail Project Environmental Impact Report/Environmental Impact Statements. Mr. Kim served as a lead planner for the California High-Speed Rail Authority and was responsible for reviewing the cultural resources, parks and recreation, and Section 4(f) EIR/EIS chapters for six of the eight regional sections of the California High-Speed Rail Project. Additionally, he reviewed the supporting cultural resources technical reports (inventory, evaluation, and finding of effect reports), built environment treatment plans, as well as contributed to the drafting of four memorandum of agreement documents between the California High-Speed Rail Authority, California SHPO, and the Surface Transportation Board, provided technical guidance to the Authority’s regional consultants, and consulted with the SHPO to obtain Section 106 and Section 4(f) concurrences (2015-2022) Feather River CEQA/NEPA Compliance, Sutter Butte Flood Control Agency, Butte and Sutter Counties, California.

This report was prepared for the Sutter Butte Flood Control Agency (SBFCA) to support the agency in fulfilling its regulatory obligations under the Section 106 of the NHPA for various construction improvements along a 40-mile segment of the Feather River Levee in Sutter and Butte Counties. Mr. Kim recorded and evaluated historic built environment resources in the project APE in consultation with the Army Corps of Engineers and the SHPO. The survey work resulted in the identification of 99 historic-era resources within the APE, which required evaluation under NRHP Criteria. Of the resources inventoried, 17 resources were found to be eligible for the NRHP, including the Feather River Levee and the Sutter-Butte Canal. Mr. Kim also assisted in preparing the Section 106 effects analysis and developing mitigation measures for properties adversely affected by the project. (2012–2015) Built Historical Resources Evaluation Report for the Bay Delta Conservation Plan Project, Sacramento, Yolo, Solano, San Joaquin, Contra Costa, and Alameda Counties, California. This report was prepared for the California Department of Water Resources for a project known previously as the Bay Delta Conservation Plan. The report documented and evaluated 25 newly identified properties that were found eligible for listing in the NRHP and CRHR.

Mr. Kim conducted intensive field survey and evaluated properties under NRHP and CRHR listing criteria on DPR 523 forms (2012).
1 Makayla Murillo

ARCHAEOLOGIST
Makayla Murillo (muh-KAY-luh mur-ILL-oh; she/her) is an archaeologist with 8 years’ experience as an archaeological field technician, laboratory technician, and tribal representative. She has conducted numerous surveys, excavations, and data recoveries, primarily in Southern California. She has extensive experience in north San Diego County, with additional experience in Riverside County, other areas of San Diego County, Orange County, Kern County, San Bernardino County, Santa Barbara County, and Imperial County.

Her research interests include the role of experimentation in archaeology, protection and preservation of Native American sites, shell bead production, and lithic production.

Project Experience
Development
Sunbow II Project, City of Chula Vista, California. Served as an archaeological field monitor and laboratory technician. Conducted cultural monitoring to ensure all construction activity was in compliance, documented and photographed artifacts, transported artifacts back to laboratory to be processed, processed artifacts, and created Department of Parks and Recreation forms for recovered resources. (2022–2023)
The Exchange Riverside, City of Riverside, California. Served as an archaeological field monitor and laboratory technician. Conducted cultural monitoring to ensure all construction activity was in compliance. Processed artifacts in the laboratory. (2022–2023)
World Logistics Center, City of Moreno Valley, California. As an archaeological field and laboratory technician, conducted a built environment pedestrian survey and cultural resource pedestrian survey, and prepared a cultural resource inventory report. (2022)
Ben Clark Training Center, County of Riverside Fire/California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, California. Served as an archaeological field technician and laboratory technician. Conducted a cultural pedestrian survey to update all previously recorded resources, photographed and documented current conditions of the sites, updated Department of Parks and Recreation forms for the cultural report. (2022)
Education
San Diego State University
MA, Anthropology, Present
University of California,
Davis
Field School, 2018
California State University
San Marcos
BA, Anthropology, 2017
MiraCosta College
AA, Anthropology, 2015
Certifications
San Diego City Certified
Archaeologist
HAZWOPER Certified
GSA & OSHA Hazardous
Communication Certified
National Safety Council
First Aid Certified
National Safety Council
CPR Certified
Roadway Worker Protection
Certified
Worker Environmental
Awareness Program
Professional Affiliations
California American Indian
Cultural Sovereignty
Center, 2015
University of California, San
Diego, Native American
Graves Protection and
Repatriation Act Campus
Committee, 2022
San Luis Rey Band of
Mission Indians, Native
American Graves
Protection and Repatriation
Act Specialist, 2022
2 San Marcos Discovery Street, City of San Marcos, California. As an archaeological technician, conducted cultural resources monitoring to ensure al construction activity was in compliance, photographed and documented cultural resources, and evaluated archaeological resources and newly identified sites. (2022) Guajome Crest, Vista, City of Oceanside, California. Served as an archaeological field and laboratory technician.

Conducted a cultural pedestrian survey, and photographed and documented current conditions of the project area. (2022)
Vista Melrose, City of Vista, California. Served as an archaeological field and laboratory technician. Conducted a cultural pedestrian survey, and photographed and documented current conditions of the project area. Requested Native American Heritage Commission Sacred Lands File and tribal correspondence letters. (2022) Hughes Circuits, City of San Marcos, California. Served as an archaeological field monitor. Conducted cultural monitoring to ensure all construction activity was in compliance. (2022) Ponto Townhomes, City of Carlsbad, California. Served as an archaeological technician. Conducted a record search and cultural pedestrian survey, and photographed and documented current conditions of the project area.

Requested the Sacred Lands File from the Native American Heritage Commission and sent tribal correspondence letters. (2022)
Manchester Calcara, City of Encinitas, California. Served as an archaeological technician. Conducted a record search and cultural pedestrian survey, and photographed and documented current conditions of the project area.

Requested the Sacred Lands File from the Native American Heritage Commission and sent tribal correspondence letters. (2022)
Mesa Verde Permitting Project, City of Calimesa, California. Served as an archaeological technician. Conducted a record search, requested the Sacred Lands File from the Native American Heritage Commission, and sent tribal correspondence letters. (2022)
Sunset Drive Townhomes, City of Vista, California. Served as an archaeological technician. Conducted a record search and cultural pedestrian survey, and photographed and documented current conditions of the project area. (2022)
Murrieta Greenberg Place Apartments, City of Murrieta, California. Served an archaeological technician.

Conducted a record search and cultural pedestrian survey, and photographed and documented current conditions of the project area. Developed the Cultural Resource Monitoring Program. (2021) Kaiser Murrieta Ambulatory Surgery Center Project, City of Murrieta, California. Served as an archaeological field monitor. Conducted cultural monitoring to ensure all construction activity was in compliance. (2021) Sunrise Project, City of San Marcos, California. Served as an archaeological field monitor. Conducted cultural monitoring to ensure all construction activity was in compliance. (2021) Hotel Del Coronado North Parking Gage Project, City of Coronado, California. As archaeological field technician, helped perform excavation of a historical feature on site during construction activities, photographed and recorded the feature on site, and helped co-author report. (2018–2021) Jefferson Oceanside Project, City of Oceanside, California. Served as an archaeological crew chief, performed record search, led the cultural resource inventory, and developed cultural resource inventory report. (2020) 3 Mariner’s Cove Replacement Project, City of San Diego, California. Served as an archaeological crew chief, performed record search, led the cultural resource inventory, and developed cultural resource inventory report. (2019) Pueblo South Grasslands Project, San Diego County, California. Served as an archaeological field monitor.

Conducted site visit and monitored construction crew to ensure all culturally sensitive sites were avoided. (2019) Orion Pacific Vista Project, City of Vista, California. As the lead archaeological field technician, monitored all grading and trenching activities to ensure construction activity was in compliance. Identified and evaluated prehistoric features on site. Documented and photographed all construction activities. (2018–2019) Lone Oak Project, City of Vista, California. As archaeological and paleontological field technician, monitored all grading and trenching activities to ensure construction activity was in compliance. Documented and photographed construction activities. (2018)
Crouch Street Due Diligence Project, City of Oceanside, California. As archaeological laboratory and field technician, developed Constraints Letter and conducted site visit. Photographed and recorded the site visit. (2018) Poinsettia Due Diligence Project, City of Carlsbad, California. As archaeological and paleontological field technician, monitored all grading and trenching activities to ensure construction activity are in compliance. (2018) Corona Tract Project, Van Daele, Riverside County, California. As an archaeological monitor, conducted 10-meter pedestrian surveys coordinated with two Native American monitors, monitored clearing of vegetation, and monitored grading for housing pads and water retention basin. (2017–2018) Air Resources Board Southern California Consolidation Project, City of Riverside, California. As archaeological monitor, monitored grading to ensure construction activities were in compliance. Documented and photographed construction activities. (2018)
Laurel Creek, Warmington Residential California, Incorporated, City of Vista, California. As archaeological field technician, monitored all grading and trenching activities to ensure construction activity are in compliance. (2018) Villa Storia Affordable Housing Project, Emerson Construction, City of Oceanside, California. As archaeological monitor, monitored grading and trenching activities for construction of a subdivision lower income housing. (2017) 600 East Mission Avenue Project, Apollo Development Group LLC, Escondido, California. As an archaeological monitor, responsible for monitoring, documenting, and photographing to ensure construction activities are in compliance. (May 2017)
Hidden Ridge Project, CTS Properties LLC, Rancho Santa Margarita, California. As archaeological monitor, monitored trenching excavations for water lines near previously recorded cultural sensitive site. (2017) Discovery South Project, City of San Marcos Planning Division, San Marcos, California. As archaeological field technician, conducted shovel test pits, documented shovel test pit with forms and photography, and performed laboratory tasks. (2017)
Villa Storia Project, Beazer Homes Holding Corporation, Oceanside, California. As an archaeological monitor, monitored grading, water and electrical lines, stormwater reservoir, and housing pads. Participated in shovel test pits near previously recorded archaeological site. Recorded and collected artifacts during construction activities, as well as artifacts during the shovel test pits. (2016–2017) 4 Education
MiraCosta Community College New Gym and Kahn Building, City of Oceanside, California. As an archaeological field and laboratory technician, conducted cultural resource monitoring to ensure all construction activities were in compliance. (2022).

Pacifica Elementary, City of Oceanside, California. As an archaeological technician, requested a Sacred Lands File from the Native American Heritage Commission, sent tribal correspondence letters, and conducted a cultural pedestrian survey. (2022).

Hillsdale Middle School Field Lighting Project, Cajon Valley Union School District, El Cajon, California. As a laboratory technician, developed Sacred Lands File Contact forms, created tribal request letters, requested records search, assembled location and project maps to request letters and report, and developed the report tables for reports and resources. (2018–2019)
Palomar College Project, Palomar Community College District, Oceanside, California. As a Native American monitor, monitored controlled grading near historic deposit, monitored mass grading and trenching excavations, coordinated with archaeologist during testing units, and monitored transplanting of endangered species by biologists prior to construction grading of site. Recorded and sorted artifacts with archaeologist. (2017) Energy
City of San Diego – Block 1J Phase 1 Project, San Diego, California. As a lead archaeological monitor for the underground utility construction, managed and directed various field technicians, monitored and tested within the sensitive site boundary to ensure all artifacts and primary and secondary soils were directed to correct locations for wetscreening, drew unit profiles of testing locations and, primary and secondary deposits, brought artifacts to laboratory for processing, helped maintain wetscreening facility, and processed artifacts in the laboratory. (2019–2023)
City of San Diego – Block 1J Phase 2 Project, San Diego, California. As an archaeological technician, conducted artifact analysis, and excavated, photographed, and documented shovel test units. (2019) Confidential Solar Project, San Diego County, California. As an archaeological technician, conducted artifact analysis, and excavated, photographed, and documented shovel test units. (2017) Confidential Solar Project, San Diego County, California. As an archaeological technician, conducted intensive pedestrian survey and archaeological pedestrian survey. Recorded and photographed surface inventory of newly identified cultural resources. Identified previously recorded cultural resources and sites. Created site forms for each newly identified site. (2017–2019)
Confidential Geotechnical Project, Kern County, California. As an archaeological technician, coordinated monitoring with a biologist and Native American Representative. Conducted archaeological pedestrian survey to and from ground-disturbing locations and relocated artifacts out of access roads to avoid impact. Recorded and photographed the relocation of newly identified artifacts. (2019) Confidential Evaluation Project, Kern County, California. As an archaeological technician, conducted significance evaluation in cultural sites. Recorded and photographed site evaluations. Laboratory analysis consisted of artifact processing and cataloging artifacts. (2018)
5 Valley Center Pole Replacement, San Diego Gas & Electric, Valley Center, California. As a Native American Representative, performed pedestrian surveys with archaeologists, biologists, and construction managers for an electrical transmission line pole replacement; monitored previously recorded sites near pole replacements; monitored new pole locations to avoid site impacts. (2017–2018) Coachella Flats I and II Project, Terra-Gen Development Company LLC, Palm Springs, California. As an archaeological technician, conducted intensive pedestrian survey. Recorded and photographed surface inventory of newly identified cultural resources and previously recorded sites. (2019) Imperial Solar Energy Center West Project, CSolar IV West LLC, Imperial County, California. As an archaeological field technician, performed regular site visits, recorded artifact inventory, and photographed artifacts and environmental conditions as a part of the Long Term Archaeological Management Plan. Workers Environmental Awareness Protection Certified. (2017–2021)
Confidential Wind Project, San Diego County, California. As an archaeological field technician, conducted archaeological pedestrian survey. Recorded and photographed surface inventory of newly identified and previously recorded cultural resources and sites. As a laboratory technician, responsible for creating California Department of Parks and Recreation archaeological forms and submitting to the South Coast Information Center. (2018–2019)
Confidential Wind Project, San Diego County, California. As an archaeological field technician, conducted intensive 15-meter pedestrian survey, and was responsible for documenting and photographing prehistoric artifact and feature inventories. Performed testing in multiple prehistoric and historic sites, collecting, recording, and photographing artifacts and test pits. As a lab technician, completed processing of artifacts, cataloging artifacts, site descriptions, Department of Parks and Recreation forms, and photographing artifacts. (2018–2019) Confidential Solar Project, San Bernardino County, California. As an archaeological field and laboratory technician, performed test excavations. Recorded and documented artifacts and environmental conditions. Laboratory work consisted of processing artifacts, historic analysis, lithic analysis, curation, identification, photography of artifacts, as well as developing site inventory tables and creating site summaries for the report. (2018) Confidential Solar Project, County of Monterey, California. As an archaeological laboratory technician, assembled California Department Parks and Recreation archaeological forms. (2018) Strauss Wind Energy, Lompoc, California. As an archaeological field technician, conducted intensive 15-meter pedestrian survey, and was responsible for documenting and photographing prehistoric artifact and feature inventories. Performed testing in multiple prehistoric and historic sites, collecting, recording, and photographing artifacts and test pits. (2018)
Transportation
San Elijo Lagoon Double Track Project, San Diego Association of Governments, Cardiff, California. As an archaeological laboratory technician, developed the California Department of Parks and Recreation archaeological forms and involved with writing the cultural resources monitoring report for the project. (2019–2019) Mid Coast Transit Conductors Project Monitor, San Diego Association of Governments, La Jolla, California. As an archaeological field technician, monitored excavations to ensure construction activities were in compliance; monitored railway expansion, including installation of a second mainline track; and installed a new light rail trolley double track. Roadway Worker Production Certified. (2017–2018) 6 Water/Wastewater
La Jolla Farms Storm Drain, United States Army Corps of Engineers, San Diego, California. As an archaeological field technician, conducted a cultural pedestrian survey. (2022) Ripley Water Pipeline, State Water Resources Control Board, Blyth, California. As an archaeological field and laboratory technician, requested a records search, consulted with tribe, conducted a cultural pedestrian survey, and requested maps for the report. (2022)
El Toro Filter Plant Demo, El Toro Water District, Mission Viejo, California. As an archaeological technician, conducted a cultural pedestrian survey and co-authored the negative cultural resource inventory report. (2022) Local Groundwater Resilience, Western Municipal Water District, Moreno Valley, California. As an archaeological technician, requested a Sacred Lands File from the Native American Heritage Commission and sent out tribal correspondence letters. (2021)
River Supply Conduit Unit Project, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Burbank, California. As an archaeological field technician, monitored excavations to ensure construction activities were in compliance.

Recorded and photographed all construction activity on site. (2019) City of San Diego Transportation and Storm Water, La Jolla, California. As an archaeological field technician, monitored construction activities of undergrounding of utilities. Documented and photographed construction activities. (2018–2019)
Monte Vista Sewer Construction Project, Monte Vista Water District, San Diego County, California. As an archaeological field technician, monitored construction activities of the reconstruction of the water line near residential housing. Recorded and photographed all construction activity on site. (2017) Awards/Commendations
▪ 2017 – Lilian Sherman Scholarship
▪ 2021 – Society of American Archaeology - National Science Foundation Scholarship ▪ 2021 – Norton and Ethel Allen Memorial Endowed Scholarship for Anthropology ▪ 2022 – Philanthropic Educational Organization - Program for Continuing Education Relevant Previous Experience
▪ 2014 – Present Associate Archaeologist, Dudek, Encinitas, California ▪ 2017 – 2018 Tribal Representative, Saving Sacred Sites, Vista, California ▪ 2014 – Temporary Assistant, Habitat Restoration Sciences, Vista, California ▪ 2012 – Temporary Assistant, Larry Seeman Associates, Carlsbad, California Appendix B
Interested Parties Correspondence

From: Andrea Dumovich Heywood
To: [email protected]
Cc: Nicole Frank; Monte Kim
Subject: City of Imperial Beach Palm Avenue Complete Streets Project Date: Wednesday, June 4, 2025 2:30:00 PM
Attachments: Interested Parties Letter_IBHS.pdf
image001.png
image002.png
image003.png
image004.png
To Whom it May Concern,
I am reaching out today on behalf of Dudek and Chen Ryan Associates, Inc., dba CR Associates (CRA) to provide you with some information about the City of Imperial Beach Palm Avenue Complete Streets Project. As part of the cultural resources study for the proposed project, Dudek is consulting all regional historical organizations to determine if there are any known historic or cultural resources that may be within the proposed project area. Please see the attached letter and map for more information about the nature and location of the project, and please feel free to contact me should you have questions or information regarding cultural or historical resources in this area.

Thank you,
Andrea Dumovich Heywood
Andrea Dumovich Heywood (she/her) O: 949 373 8311 C: 949 641 7152 Architectural Historian dudek.com
Imperial Beach Historical Society June 4, 2025
768 13th Street #456
Imperial Beach, CA 91932
Subject: City of Imperial Beach Palm Avenue Complete Streets Project To Whom it May Concern,
Dudek has been retained by Chen Ryan Associates, Inc., dba CR Associates (CRA) to complete a built environment inventory and evaluation report for the City of Imperial Beach Palm Avenue Complete Streets Project (Proposed Project). The Proposed Project is located along Palm Avenue and includes a total of 31 properties over 45 years of age in Imperial Beach, California (see Figure 1 enclosed). Of the 31 properties, 29 are commercial buildings and two are linear resources that include Palm Avenue (SR 75) and the Imperial Beach storm drain system.

The client, in concert with the City of Imperial Beach, is proposing to improve the Palm Avenue corridor with enhancements that would increase safety, expand the multi-modal utilization, and improve the aesthetics of this gateway corridor. The Proposed Project would also improve accessibility for residents and visitors to local destinations, including parks, restaurants, schools, healthcare facilities, and shopping centers. Enhanced connectivity to the Regional Bayshore Bikeway, 9th Street Enhancement Project, and the Border to Bayshore project would also be provided.

As part of our study, we are consulting all regional historical organizations to determine if there are any known historic or cultural resources that may be affected by the Proposed Project. Your efforts in this process will provide invaluable information for the proper identification and treatment of such resources. If you have any information regarding known cultural resources in the Proposed Project area, please feel free to contact me via phone or email (listed below). All comments, emails, or letters received will be included in the reports generated by this study. Thank you for your time regarding our request.

Sincerely,
____________________________________
Andrea Dumovich Heywood
Architectural Historian
949.373.8311 // [email protected]
Att.: Figure 1, Project Location
cc: Nicole Frank, Architectural Historian and Monte Kim, Senior Architectural Historian, Dudek Project Boundary
0 280 560
Meters
0 1,000 2,000 n Feet Date: 4/30/2025 User: cgardner Path: Z:\Projects\j1772601\MAPDOC\PalmAveCompleteStrts_ImperialBeach\PalmAveCompleteStrts_ImperialBeach.aprx Map: Figure 1 Project Location Layout: Figure 1 Project Location Chula Vista
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Imperial Beach Quadrangle - Township 18S Range 2W Section 19, 20, 29 SOURCE: USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle
City of Palm Avenue Project
Project Location
FIGURE 1
From: Andrea Dumovich Heywood
To: [email protected]
Cc: Nicole Frank; Monte Kim
Subject: City of Imperial Beach Palm Avenue Complete Streets Project Date: Wednesday, June 4, 2025 2:31:00 PM
Attachments: Interested Parties Letter_IBL.pdf
image001.png
image002.png
image003.png
image004.png
To Whom it May Concern,
I am reaching out today on behalf of Dudek and Chen Ryan Associates, Inc., dba CR Associates (CRA) to provide you with some information about the City of Imperial Beach Palm Avenue Complete Streets Project. As part of the cultural resources study for the proposed project, Dudek is consulting all regional historical organizations to determine if there are any known historic or cultural resources that may be within the proposed project area. Please see the attached letter and map for more information about the nature and location of the project, and please feel free to contact me should you have questions or information regarding cultural or historical resources in this area.

Thank you,
Andrea Dumovich Heywood
Andrea Dumovich Heywood (she/her) O: 949 373 8311 C: 949 641 7152 Architectural Historian dudek.com
Imperial Beach Library June 4, 2025
810 Imperial Beach Boulevard
Imperial Beach, CA 91932
Subject: City of Imperial Beach Palm Avenue Complete Streets Project To Whom it May Concern,
Dudek has been retained by Chen Ryan Associates, Inc., dba CR Associates (CRA) to complete a built environment inventory and evaluation report for the City of Imperial Beach Palm Avenue Complete Streets Project (Proposed Project). The Proposed Project is located along Palm Avenue and includes a total of 31 properties over 45 years of age in Imperial Beach, California (see Figure 1 enclosed). Of the 31 properties, 29 are commercial buildings and two are linear resources that include Palm Avenue (SR 75) and the Imperial Beach storm drain system.

Sincerely,
____________________________________
Andrea Dumovich Heywood
Architectural Historian
949.373.8311 // [email protected]
Att.: Figure 1, Project Location
cc: Nicole Frank, Architectural Historian and Monte Kim, Senior Architectural Historian, Dudek Project Boundary
0 280 560
Meters
0 1,000 2,000 n Feet Date: 4/30/2025 User: cgardner Path: Z:\Projects\j1772601\MAPDOC\PalmAveCompleteStrts_ImperialBeach\PalmAveCompleteStrts_ImperialBeach.aprx Map: Figure 1 Project Location Layout: Figure 1 Project Location Chula Vista
San
Diego Lemon Grove
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El Cajon
Santee
Imperial
Beach
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ÄÆ905
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!(
^
Imperial Beach Quadrangle - Township 18S Range 2W Section 19, 20, 29 SOURCE: USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle
City of Palm Avenue Project
Project Location
FIGURE 1
From: Andrea Dumovich Heywood
To: [email protected]
Cc: Nicole Frank; Monte Kim
Subject: City of Imperial Beach Palm Avenue Complete Streets Project Date: Wednesday, June 4, 2025 2:32:00 PM
Attachments: Interested Parties Letter_SDHC.pdf
image001.png
image002.png
image003.png
image004.png
To Whom it May Concern,
I am reaching out today on behalf of Dudek and Chen Ryan Associates, Inc., dba CR Associates (CRA) to provide you with some information about the City of Imperial Beach Palm Avenue Complete Streets Project. As part of the cultural resources study for the proposed project, Dudek is consulting all regional historical organizations to determine if there are any known historic or cultural resources that may be within the proposed project area. Please see the attached letter and map for more information about the nature and location of the project, and please feel free to contact me should you have questions or information regarding cultural or historical resources in this area.

Thank you,
Andrea Dumovich Heywood
Andrea Dumovich Heywood (she/her) O: 949 373 8311 C: 949 641 7152 Architectural Historian dudek.com
San Diego History Center June 4, 2025
Casa de Balboa, Balboa Park
1649 El Prado, Suite 3
San Diego, CA 92101
Subject: City of Imperial Beach Palm Avenue Complete Streets Project To Whom it May Concern,
Dudek has been retained by Chen Ryan Associates, Inc., dba CR Associates (CRA) to complete a built environment inventory and evaluation report for the City of Imperial Beach Palm Avenue Complete Streets Project (Proposed Project). The Proposed Project is located along Palm Avenue and includes a total of 31 properties over 45 years of age in Imperial Beach, California (see Figure 1 enclosed). Of the 31 properties, 29 are commercial buildings and two are linear resources that include Palm Avenue (SR 75) and the Imperial Beach storm drain system.

Appendix C
NAHC Sacred Lands File Search Results

Sacred Lands File & Native American Contacts List Request Native American Heritage Commission
1550 Harbor Blvd, Suite 100
West Sacramento, CA 95691
916-373-3710
916-373-5471 – Fax
[email protected]
Information Below is Required for a Sacred Lands File Search Project: ______________________________________________________________________ County:______________________________________________________________________ USGS Quadrangle Name:_______________________________________________________ Township:__________ Range:__________ Section(s):__________ Company/Firm/Agency:_________________________________________________________ Street Address:________________________________________________________________ City:______________________________________________ Zip:______________________ Phone:_____________________________________________
Fax:_______________________________________________
Email:_____________________________________________
Project Description:

Project Boundary
1/4-Mile Search
1:24,000
0 300 600
Meters
0 1,000 2,000
n
Feet
Date: 3/24/2025 User: cgardner Path: Z:\Projects\j1772601\MAPDOC\PalmAveCompleteStrts_ImperialBeach\PalmAveCompleteStrts_ImperialBeach.aprx Map: Records Search Layout: Records Search Imperial Beach Quadrangle - Township 18S Range 2W Section 19, 20, 29 SOURCE: USGS 7.5-Minute Series
Palm Avenue Complete Streets Project
Records Search
STATE OF CALIFORNIA Gavin Newsom, Governor

NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION

Page 1 of 1 ends

April 21, 2025
Makayla Murillo
Dudek
Via Email to: [email protected]
Re: Palm Avenue Complete Streets Project, San Diego County To Whom It May Concern:

As requested, a record search of the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands File (SLF) was completed based on information submitted for the above referenced project. The results were negative. Please note that tribes do not always record their sacred sites in the SLF, nor are they required to do so. As such, a SLF search is not a substitute for consultation with all tribes that are traditionally and culturally affiliated with a project’s geographic area.

Attached is a list of Native American tribes who may also have knowledge of cultural resources in the project area. This list should provide a starting place in locating areas of potential adverse impact within the proposed project area. Please contact all of those listed; if they cannot supply information, they may recommend others with specific knowledge. If within two weeks of notification, a response has not been received, the Commission requests that you follow-up with a telephone call or email to ensure that the project information was received.

If you receive notification of a change of address or phone number from a tribe, please notify the NAHC so that we can assure that our lists contain current information.

In addition to engaging in tribal consultation, you should consult the appropriate regional California Historical Research Information System (CHRIS) archaeological Information Center to determine whether it has information regarding the presence of recorded archaeological sites within the project area.

If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact me at [email protected].

Sincerely,
Andrew Green
Cultural Resources Analyst
Attachment

CHAIRPERSON
Reginald Pagaling
Chumash

VICE-CHAIRPERSON
Buffy McQuillen
Yokayo Pomo, Yuki,
Nomlaki

SECRETARY
Sara Dutschke
Miwok

PARLIAMENTARIAN
Wayne Nelson
Luiseño

COMMISSIONER
Isaac Bojorquez
Ohlone-Costanoan

COMMISSIONER
Stanley Rodriguez
Kumeyaay

COMMISSIONER
Reid Milanovich
Cahuilla

COMMISSIONER
Bennae Calac
Pauma-Yuima Band of
Luiseño Indians

COMMISSIONER
Vacant

ACTING EXECUTIVE

SECRETARY
Steven Quinn

NAHC HEADQUARTERS
1550 Harbor Boulevard
Suite 100
West Sacramento,
California 95691
(916) 373-3710
[email protected]
Tribe Name Fed (F)
Non-Fed (N)
Contact Person Contact Address Phone # Fax # Email Address Cultural Affiliation Last Updated Barona Group of the Capitan Grande F Art Bunce, Attorney (760) 489-0329 [email protected] Diegueno 7/25/2023 Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians F Ben Dyche, Vice Chairperson 36190 Church Road, Suite 1 Campo, CA, 91906
(619) 478-9046 [email protected] Diegueno 5/24/2024
Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians F Marcus Cuero, Chairperson 36190 Church Road, Suite 1 Campo, CA, 91906
(619) 478-9046 [email protected] Diegueno 5/15/2024 Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians F Daniel Tsosie, THPO 36190 Church Road, Suite 1 Campo, CA, 91906
(619) 760-6480 [email protected] Diegueno 5/24/2024 Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay Indians F Robert Pinto, Chairperson 4054 Willows Road Alpine, CA, 91901
(619) 368-4382 (619) 445-9126 [email protected] Diegueno Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay Indians F Michael Garcia, Vice Chairperson 4054 Willows Road Alpine, CA, 91901
(619) 933-2200 (619) 445-9126 [email protected] Diegueno Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel F Clint Linton, Director of Cultural Resources
P.O. Box 507
Santa Ysabel, CA, 92070
(760) 803-5694 [email protected] Diegueno 11/30/2023 Inaja-Cosmit Band of Indians F Rebecca Osuna, Chairperson 2005 S. Escondido Blvd.

Escondido, CA, 92025
(760) 737-7628 (760) 747-8568 Diegueno
Jamul Indian Village F Erica Pinto, Chairperson P.O. Box 612 Jamul, CA, 91935
(619) 669-4785 (619) 669-4817 [email protected] Diegueno Jamul Indian Village F Lisa Cumper, Tribal Historic
Preservation Officer
P.O. Box 612
Jamul, CA, 91935
(619) 669-4855 [email protected] Diegueno 9/5/2018
La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians F Gwendolyn Parada, Chairperson 8 Crestwood Road Boulevard, CA, 91905
(619) 478-2113 (619) 478-2125 [email protected] Diegueno Manzanita Band of Kumeyaay Nation F Angela Elliott Santos, Chairperson P.O. Box 1302 Boulevard, CA, 91905
(619) 766-4930 (619) 766-4957 Diegueno
Mesa Grande Band of Diegueno Mission
Indians
F Michael Linton, Chairperson P.O Box 270
Santa Ysabel, CA, 92070
(760) 782-3818 (760) 782-9092 Diegueno
San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission
Indians
F John Flores, Environmental
Coordinator
P. O. Box 365
Valley Center, CA, 92082
(760) 749-3200 (760) 749-3876 [email protected] Diegueno 8/16/2016 San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission
Indians
F Allen Lawson, Chairperson P.O. Box 365
Valley Center, CA, 92082
(760) 749-3200 (760) 749-3876 Diegueno
Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation F Bernice Paipa, Cultural Resource Specialist
Sycuan Cultural Center: 910
Willow Glen Drive
El Cajon, CA, 92019
(619) 445-6917 [email protected] Kumeyaay 8/7/2023 Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation F Cody Martinez, Chairman Sycuan Tribal Office: 1 Kwaaypaay Court
El Cajon, CA, 92019
(619) 445-2613 [email protected] Kumeyaay 8/7/2023 Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians F Ernest Pingleton, THPO 1 Viejas Grade Road Alpine, CA, 91901
(619) 445-3810 [email protected] Kumeyaay 6/29/2023 Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians F Ray Teran, Resource Management Director
1 Viejas Grade Road
Alpine, CA, 91901
(619) 659-2312 [email protected] Kumeyaay Imperial,San Diego 6/29/2023 This list is current only as of the date of this document. Distribution of this list does not relieve any person of statutory responsibility as defined in Section 7050.5 of the Health and Safety Code, Section 5097.94 of the Public Resources Code and Section 5097.98 of the Public Resources Code.

This list is only applicable for contacting local Native Americans with regard to cultural resources assessment for the proposed Palm Avenue Complete Streets Project, San Diego County.

Record: PROJ-2025-002178
Report Type: List of Tribes
Counties: San Diego
NAHC Group: All
Imperial,San Diego
Imperial,San Diego
Imperial,San Diego
Imperial,San Diego
Imperial,San Diego
Imperial,San Diego
Imperial,San Diego
Imperial,San Diego
Imperial,San Diego
Imperial,San Diego
Imperial,San Diego
Imperial,San Diego
Imperial,San Diego
Imperial,San Diego
Imperial,San Diego
Native American Heritage Commission
Native American Contact List
San Diego County
4/21/2025
Counties
Imperial,San Diego
Imperial,San Diego
Imperial,San Diego
04/21/2025 02:24 PM
1 of 1
Appendix D
SCIC Records Search Maps and Information
(Confidential)

Appendix E
Cultural Resources Map and DPR Form (Confidential)

Appendix F
Non-Confidential Built Environment DPR Forms

Page 1 of 11 ends

*P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources, or enter "none.") Dudek. 2025. Palm Avenue Complete Multimodal Corridor Project, Imperial Beach, California. Prepared for CR ASSOCIATES. *Attachments: ☐ NONE ☒Location Map ☒Continuation Sheet ☒Building, Structure, and Object Record ☐Archaeological Record ☐District Record ☐Linear Feature Record ☐Milling Station Record ☐Rock Art Record ☐Artifact Record ☐Photograph Record ☐Sketch Map ☐Other (List):

DPR 523A *Required Information
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial
NRHP Status Code 6Z
Other Listings
Review Code Reviewer Date
P1. Other Identifier: Map ID 1
*P2. Location: ☐ Not for Publication ☒ Unrestricted *a. County San Diego and (P2c, P2e, and P2b or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5' Quad Imperial Beach, Calif. Date 2018 T 18S; R 2W; Sec 20; San Bernardino B.M. c. Address 690 Highway 75 City Imperial Beach Zip 91932 d. UTM: (Give more than one for large and/or linear resources) Zone 11S, 488882.36 mE/ 3605282.08 mN e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, decimal degrees, etc., as appropriate) APN 626-070-58-00
*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries)
690 Highway 75 is a single-story commercial building currently operating as a restaurant (Photos 1-3). The property is located at the intersection of Highway 75 and 7th Street on a 0.22-acre lot. The parcel contains an irregular rectangular plan building with a wooden pergola on the east elevation. The building is clad in stucco and painted concrete with a steeply pitched crossgable roof clad in rolled composition tile. The primary (south) elevation has three vinyl frame picture windows, each flanked by vinyl frame sliding and single-hung windows. There is a plastic and metal menu affixed at the center of this elevation above the windows. (See Continuation Sheet)
*P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP6. 1-3 Story Commercial Building *P4. Resources Present: ☒Building ☐ Structure ☐ Object ☐ Site ☐ District ☐ Element of District ☐ Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo:

Photo 1, Primary (south) elevation,
view to the north, IMG_0682
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and
Sources:
 Historic  Prehistoric  Both
1959 (City of Imperial Beach 2021)
*P7. Owner and Address:

Linda Lambert Trust
10721 Treena Street #200
San Diego, CA 92131
*P8. Recorded by:

Claire Cancilla, MSHP
Dudek
605 Third Street
Encinitas, CA 92024
*P9. Date Recorded:

June 5, 2025
*P10. Survey Type: Intensive
P5a. Photograph 1

Page 2 of 11 ends

*Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 690 Highway 75 DPR 523B *Required Information
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI#

BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
B1. Historic Name: Don Pancho’s Taco Shop, Tastee Freez, The Grinder, Hank’s, Mi Burrito, Los Panchos Taco Shop B2. Common Name: Don Pancho’s Taco Shop
B3. Original Use: Restaurant
B4. Present Use: Restaurant
*B5. Architectural Style: Mid-Century Modern with Contemporary style elements *B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) The subject property was constructed in 1959 according to San Diego County Assessor’s Office records (ParcelQuest 2025). Historic aerial photographs first show the property in 1964 with a similar footprint to present day. The surrounding area along Highway 75 significantly increases in building density between the 1964 and 1980 aerial photographs. The subject property appears to have its roof replaced between 1981 and 1984, and again in 1998. No other alterations are visible (NETR 2025a).
*B7. Moved? ☒No ☐Yes ☐Unknown Date: Original Location:
*B8. Related Features: N/A
B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Unknown
*B10. Significance: Theme N/A Area: N/A
Period of Significance N/A Property Type N/A Applicable Criteria N/A (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.)
690 Highway 75 does not meet the criteria for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR). The property was evaluated in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (Section 106) and Section 15064.5 (a)(2)-(3) of the CEQA Guidelines using the criteria outlined in Section 5024.1 of the California Public Resources Code. The property is not considered a historic property for the purposes of Section 106 or a historical resource under CEQA. As such, this evaluation assigns a 6Z California Historical Resources Status Code to 690 Highway 75.

See Continuation Sheet.

B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) None
*B12. References: See Continuation Sheet
B13. Remarks: None
*B14. Evaluator: Claire Flanegin, MA, Dudek
*Date of Evaluation: June 15, 2025
(This space reserved for official comments.)

Page 3 of 11 ends

75 *Map Name: Imperial Beach, CA *Scale: 1:24,000 *Date of Map: 1996 (2002 ed.) DPR 523J * Required information
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI#
LOCATION MAP Trinomial

Page 4 of 11 ends

*Recorded by: Claire Flanegin, MA, Dudek *Date: June 15, 2025 ☒ Continuation ☐ Update
DPR 523L * Required information
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary#
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial
Description (cont.)
Other fenestration includes a single-panel door with decorative ironwork flanked by two sliding windows on the north elevation, as well as a wooden nine lite door that appears to be the primary entrance on the west elevation.

The historic property boundary is limited to the legal parcel boundary of APN 626-070-58-00. The subject property is in overall good condition.

Significance (cont.)
Historic Context
Imperial Beach developed its early infrastructure throughout the 1940s with newly paved streets, streetlights, and the completion of a new community center on 19th Street (Adams 1976: 71; Daugherty 1994). Numerous civic groups were formed in the 1940s to aid community development, such as the Imperial Beach Civic Group (1945), Sanitary District (1949), and Imperial Beach Fireman’s Auxiliary (1949), among others. By 1949, the South Bay area’s population reached approximately 9,600. Housing, as shown in a 1953 aerial, was composed of several subdivisions north and south of Palm Avenue, in and near the coastal area—most of which were single-story Ranch and Minimal Traditional style tract homes. North and south of Palm Avenue, between 9th and 13th streets, housing remained scattered with some undeveloped residential lots throughout. Similarly, in 1953, several housing subdivisions were north of Imperial Beach Boulevard near the coast, as well as some scattered residences north and south of the boulevard further inland (NETR 2025a). An aerial ten years later shows that nearly all vacant lots north and south of Palm Avenue were infilled and much of the vacant land was also developed north and south of Imperial Beach Boulevard (UCSB 2025). To service the growing population, commercial development took flight in Imperial Beach in the late 1940s through early 1950s (Adams 1976:72,75,87).

Notable post-World War II commercial development includes the 1948 Miracle Shopping District on the south side of Palm Avenue (demolished circa 2012), between Delaware and 9th streets, constructed by family builders Andrew, Mary, and Clem E. Norcross, along with Mr. and Mrs. John Frier. The Miracle Shopping District served as Imperial Beach’s first strip mall where shoppers could find a cluster of stores in one location. Also in 1948, the Norcross family built the town’s first civilian theater at 9th Street and Palm Avenue, which was later extended to Delaware Street (Adams 1976: 87-88). In 1950, The Clothesline department store, located in Palm City, opened its second location at 1003 Palm Avenue in Imperial Beach. According to local historian Freda Compton Elliott Adams, it was “the largest and most modern store of any erected in the Palm Avenue Shopping area or anywhere in the Palm City-Imperial Beach area at that time” (Adams 1976: 90). The Clothesline operated its Palm Avenue location until it closed in 1964.

By 1955, numerous businesses were established in Imperial Beach and particularly along Palm Avenue. By July 18, 1956, Imperial Beach incorporated as San Diego County’s tenth city, ranging four-and-a-half square miles. Cecil H.

Gunthrop served as the City’s first mayor, with Miles Bowler as vice-mayor (Adams 1976: 105). City Hall first occupied a fire station building at 166 Palm Avenue in the late 1950s. However, by March 22, 1963, construction began on the new Civic Center (City of Imperial Beach 2024; Daugherty 1994). In 1972, A 15-acre park across from City Hall at 840 Coronado Avenue opened as Marina Vista Park (later renamed Veterans Park) (Adams 1976:
143). By 1976, Imperial Beach boasted a population of 22,100 (Adams 1976: 148).

Page 5 of 11 ends

*Recorded by: Claire Flanegin, MA, Dudek *Date: June 15, 2025 ☒ Continuation ☐ Update
DPR 523L * Required information
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary#
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial
In the 1980s through early 2000s, commercial and auto-focused development, such as gas stations, fast food restaurants, strip malls, and auto centers, continued to develop along the major arterials such as Palm Avenue (Google 2025; ParcelQuest 2025). Today, the City of Imperial Beach continues to be a tourist beach destination with approximately 400,000 visitors per year, and a population of 27,434 as of 2019 (City of Imperial Beach 2019).

Many commercial buildings along Palm Avenue were utilitarian in design, and often automobile-focused such as service stations. Small commercial establishments, including restaurants and cafes, also peppered lots near the coast along First Street, and along Palm Avenue near 2nd and 3rd streets. In circa 1963, the SR 75 portion along Palm Avenue in Imperial Beach was widened by another two lanes between 7th and 13th streets, making it a sixlane highway with three lanes in each direction (UCSB 2025; NETR 2025b). In the 1980s through 1990s, development along Palm Avenue in the project area was primary auto-focused with gas stations, fast food restaurants, strip malls, and auto centers, among other uses, which were mainly built as simple box buildings (Google 2025; ParcelQuest 2025). In the 2000s, building typologies continued to center around the automobile in addition to apartment buildings, credit unions, the Imperial Beach Health Center, and grocery stores (Google 2025; ParcelQuest 2025). By circa 2012, the Miracle Shopping District was demolished (NETR 2025a). In circa 2019, Caltrans relinquished ownership of SR75 along Palm Avenue to the City of Imperial Beach. It continues to serve as the City’s main entrance and acts as a major commercial and mixed-use arterial roadway (City of Imperial Beach 2019).

Relevant Architectural Style: Mid-Century Modern (1940-1975) Mid-Century Modern style (1940-1975) is reflective of International and Bauhaus styles popular in Europe in the early twentieth century. Early Modernists, including Rudolph Schindler, Richard Neutra, and Frank Lloyd Wright brought many elements of these design aesthetics and material experimentation to Southern California in the 1920s. The development of the Mid-Century Modern style in the United States was largely fostered by World War II.

Prominent European practitioners of the International and Bauhaus styles, namely architects Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe and Walter Gropius, fled to the United States during World War II. Following the conclusion of the war in 1945, the United States became a manufacturing and industrial leader. Materials and aesthetics evolved to reflect modern innovations that dominated design and construction following the war.

Mid-Century Modern design was embraced intellectually as a departure from the past, but it was economically appealing for its ability to be mass-produced with standardized, affordable, and replicable designs that could accommodate many programmatic needs and site requirements. There was a need for a style that could meet the demand for mass construction of many property types – from residences to schools to offices – and convey the modern sensibility of an era that valued a departure from the past; middle-class growth; economic efficiency; and new material technology. The designs rarely incorporate applied ornamentation or references to historical styles.

The Mid-Century Modern style was widely adopted in the building boom that followed World War II, particularly in the newly sprawling developments radiating from Southern California’s major urban centers including San Diego and Imperial Beach (ARG 2016: 98; Gebhard and Winter 2003; Morgan 2004; Moruzzi 2013: E6).

Character-defining features of the Mid-Century Modern style for commercial properties include:
• One- to two stories in height
• Low, boxy, horizontal proportions

Page 6 of 11 ends

*Recorded by: Claire Flanegin, MA, Dudek *Date: June 15, 2025 ☒ Continuation ☐ Update
DPR 523L * Required information
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary#
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial
• Simple geometric forms with a lack of exterior decoration • Commonly asymmetrical
• Flat roofed without coping at roofline; flat roofs hidden behind parapets or cantilevered canopies • Expressed post-and-beam construction in wood or steel • Exterior wall materials include stucco, brick, or concrete • Mass-produced materials
• Simple windows (metal or wood) flush-mounted and clerestory • Industrially plain doors
• Floor to ceiling window walls
• Extensive use of sheltered exterior corridors, with flat or slightly sloped roofs supported by posts, piers, or pipe columns
• Modern signage
• Deeply recessed and or angled vestibules
• Integrated planters
• Projecting vertical elements
Property History
The subject property was originally identified as “Tastee Freeze” through a 1960 newspaper advertisement (Bay Cities Press 1960: 2). The property then became a sandwich shop known as “The Grinder Place” in 1973, followed by a similar establishment called “Hank’s” the following year (Chula Vista Star-News 1973: 45; CVSN 1974: 30). The owners of the building during this time were Henry and Era Armour, who transferred ownership to Juliana Moretti in 1976. The property was operated as “Mi Burrito” and changed hands again in 1977 to Francisco Diaz (IBSN 1976a:
17; IBSN 1976b: 38; IBSN 1977: 42). By 1983, the property had changed its name to “Los Panchos Taco Shop” according to a newspaper report about a robbery that occurred there. In 1989 Francisco Diaz transferred ownership of the building to Louis Godoy and Maria Gonzalez (IBSN 1983: 3; IBSN 1989: 26). The current owner is the Linda Lambert Trust, but archival research did not reveal when the Trust took possession of the property (ParcelQuest 2025).

Statement of Significance
Under NRHP and CRHR Criteria A/1, the property at 690 Highway 75 lacks a direct and important association with any event significant in local, state, or national history. The commercial property was constructed in 1959, during a period of increased population growth and corresponding commercial expansion in Imperial Beach broadly and on Palm Avenue specifically following World War II’s conclusion in 1945. Palm Avenue was expanded to four lanes in 1955 and to six lanes circa 1963 and many businesses opened along this major thoroughfare to cater to locals and passing motorists. By 1955, for example, commercial development on Palm Avenue included the Miracle Shopping District (demolished) that was located between 9th and Delaware Street. Palm Avenue’s large number of commercial businesses ranged from beauty salons and barber shops to car dealerships, motels, hotels, and restaurants. By the 1960s, Palm Avenue was firmly established as a commercial center in Imperial Beach. While the subject property is associated with the pattern of post-World War II commercial development along Palm Avenue, an important local trend, the subject property was one of many commercial buildings constructed in the post-World War II years and did not play a significant role in this trend and did not influence this trend. The subject property was occupied by

Page 7 of 11 ends

*Recorded by: Claire Flanegin, MA, Dudek *Date: June 15, 2025 ☒ Continuation ☐ Update
DPR 523L * Required information
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary#
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial
numerous food service businesses over the years, including Tastee Freeze, Hank’s, The Grinder Place, Mi Burrito, and Los Panchos Taco Shop, none of which appear to have been innovative within their industry or within Imperial Beach. It is also not known to be directly associated with any events that have made a significant contribution to the history of Imperial Beach, San Diego County, California, or the nation. Research also did not identify a significant historical event that occurred on the property. Therefore, the subject property does not meet NRHP Criterion A or CRHR Criterion 1 and is recommended not eligible.

Under NRHP and CRHR Criteria B/2, the property at 690 Highway 75 lacks a significant association with the productive life of any person important in local, state, or national history. Research identified several individuals associated with the businesses that occupied the subject property throughout its history: Henry and Era Armour, Juliana Moretti, Francisco Diaz, Louis Godoy, Maria Gonzalez, and Linda Lambert. Research did not uncover information that would indicate that these individuals were important to the past or made significant contributions to history. Due to a lack of identified significant associations with any persons important in our past, the property is recommended not eligible under NRHP Criterion B or CRHR Criterion 2. 690 Highway 75 does not rise to the standard necessary to be found eligible under NRHP/CRHR Criterion C/3. The building is modern with Contemporary style elements including exposed roof beams, wide, overhanging eaves, and an asymmetrical main façade, but it is neither a remarkable nor distinctive example of the style. There are many similar buildings along Highway 75 which have similar construction and were also built during the post-World War II era. Archival research was unable to determine the architect or builder, so there is no evidence that the property represents the work of a master. Therefore, the property is not eligible for listing under Criterion C/3. 690 Highway 75 does not appear significant under NRHP/CRHR Criterion D/4 as a source, or likely source, of important historical information, nor does it appear likely to yield important information about historic construction methods, materials, or technologies. Therefore, the property is not eligible for listing under Criterion D/4.

Integrity Considerations
Because the subject property lacks sufficient significance to meet any of the criteria for listing in the NRHP or CRHR, an integrity analysis was considered immaterial. To be eligible for listing in either register, a resource must first meet one or more of the significance criteria outlined above before a determination can be made as to whether the resource retains its historic character and can convey its significance. In the case of the subject property, the evaluation found that it lacked the necessary significance to warrant further analysis of its physical and historic integrity.

Summary of Evaluation Findings
The subject property was evaluated in consideration of NRHP and CRHR criteria and integrity requirements. As a result of the evaluation, the subject property is recommended not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP or CRHR under all listing criteria due to a lack of significant associations and architectural merit. The subject property is not currently designated or listed under any national, state, or local landmark programs, nor has it been previously identified as eligible for local designation by any historical resource surveys.

Page 8 of 11 ends

*Recorded by: Claire Flanegin, MA, Dudek *Date: June 15, 2025 ☒ Continuation ☐ Update
DPR 523L * Required information
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary#
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial
References (cont.)
Adams, Freda Compton Elliot. 1976. A History of Imperial Beach. Accessed in-person at the San Diego County Library – Imperial Beach Branch, June 2025.

ARG (Architectural Resources Group). 2016. City of Arcadia: Citywide Historic Context Statement. Prepared by ARG for the City of Arcadia, Development Services, Planning Division. January 11, 2016. https://www.arcadiaca.gov/Shape%20Arcadia/Development%20Services/historic%20preservation/Arcdia%20H CS_11-16_FINAL.pdf.

Bay Cities Press. 1960. "Tastee Freeze." Newspapers.com: Bay Cities Press (Imperial Beach, CA), 2. September 8, 1960.

City of Imperial Beach. 2019. City of Imperial Beach General Plan/Local Coastal Program Land Use Plan. Accessed online on June 12, 2025.

City of Imperial Beach. 2024. General Plan & Local Coastal Plan. Adopted October 19, 1994. Updated June 2024.

Accessed June 5, 2025. https://imperialbeachca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/2388/General-Plan-LCPUpdated-2024.

CVSN (Chula Vista Star-News). 1973. "Grand Opening." Newspapers.com: Chula Vista Star-News (Chula Vista, CA),

45. June 14, 1973.

CVSN. 1974. "Hank’s.” Newspapers.com: Chula Vista Star-News (Chula Vista, CA), 30. December 22, 1974.

Daugherty, Patrick. 1994. “A Little History on Imperial Beach.” San Diego Reader. Accessed June 4, 2025. https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/1994/dec/08/little-history-imperial-beach/.

Gebhard, D., and R. Winter. 2003. An Architectural Guidebook to Los Angeles. Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith Publishing.

Google. 2025. “Imperial Beach [aerial image].” Google Imagery. Mountainview, California: Google Imagery.

Accessed June 3, 2025.

IBSN (Imperial Beach Star News). 1976a. "Notice to Creditors of Bulk Transfer." Newspapers.com: Imperial Beach Star News (Imperial Beach, CA), 17. August 1, 1976.

IBSN. 1976b. "Fictitious Business Name Statement, File No. 768556." Newspapers.com: Imperial Beach Star News (Imperial Beach, CA), 38. August 19, 1976.

IBSN. 1977. " Notice to Creditors of Bulk Transfer." Newspapers.com: Imperial Beach Star News (Imperial Beach, CA), 42. March 10, 1977.

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DPR 523L * Required information
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CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial
IBSN. 1983. "Police Blotter." Newspapers.com: Imperial Beach Star News (Imperial Beach, CA), 3. December 11, 1983.

IBSN. 1989. "Notice to Creditors (Division 6 of the Commercial Code)." Newspapers.com: Imperial Beach Star News (Imperial Beach, CA), 26. May 10, 1989.

Morgan, W. 2004. The Abrams Guide to American House Styles. New York City, New York: Harry N Abrams Inc.

Moruzzi, Peter. 2013. “National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form: The Case Study House Program: 1945-1966,” National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination Form. Los Angeles, CA: Los Angeles Conservancy Modern Committee. https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/54215cf5- 9b1b-45af-875d-d8b965494d0d.

NETR (Nationwide Environmental Title Research, LLC). 2025a. Historic Aerial Photographs of the Imperial Beach Project Area, Imperial Beach, CA, dating from 1953, 1964, 1966, 1978, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003. 2005, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2019, 2020, and 2022. Accessed June 4, 2025. https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer.

NETR (Nationwide Environmental Title Research, LLC). 2025b. Historic Topographic Maps of the Imperial Beach Project Area, Imperial Beach, CA, dating from 1904, 1908, 1911, 1915, 1920, 1928, 1932, 1941, 1943, 1955, 1960, 1962, 1977, 2002, 2012, 2015, 2018, and 2021. Accessed June 4, 2025. https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer.

ParcelQuest. 2025. Property Data Information. Accessed June 3, 2025. https://www.parcelquest.com/ South Bay Historical Society Bulletin. 2016. Historic Sites of Imperial Beach. Issue Number 12. April. http://sunnycv.com/history/bulletin/12.pdf
UC Santa Barbara. 2025. Historic Aerial Photographs of the Imperial Beach Project Area, Imperial Beach, CA, dating from 1963. Accessed June 4, 2025. https://mil.library.ucsb.edu/ap_indexes/FrameFinder/.

Photographs (cont.)

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Photo 2. West and partial view of primary (south) elevation, view to the east Source: Dudek 2025
Photo 3. Primary (south) elevation, view to the north

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The primary (south) elevation has wooden canted post details that extend beyond the roofline where a “Drive Thru” sign had been affixed until 2016 (Photo 2). A third wooden post extends from the center of the roof. A wood and metal sign that reads “Fresh Donuts” is also located atop the roof. See Continuation Sheet *P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP6. 1-3 Story Commercial Building *P4. Resources Present: ☒Building ☐ Structure ☐ Object ☐ Site ☐ District ☐ Element of District ☐ Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo:

Photo 1, Primary (south) elevation,
view looking north, IMG_0669
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and
Sources:
 Historic  Prehistoric  Both
1964 (City of Imperial Beach 2021)
*P7. Owner and Address:

Arnold Revocable Living Trust
2624 E 14th Street
National City, CA 91950
*P8. Recorded by:

Claire Cancilla, MSHP
Dudek
605 Third Street
Encinitas, CA 92024
*P9. Date Recorded:

June 5, 2025
*P10. Survey Type:

Intensive
P5a. Photograph 1

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*Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 698 Highway 75 DPR 523B *Required Information
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI#

BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
B1. Historic Name: N/A
B2. Common Name: Star Dust Donut Shop
B3. Original Use: Restaurant
B4. Present Use: Restaurant
*B5. Architectural Style: Mid-Century Modern with International style elements *B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) The subject property was constructed in 1964 according to the City of Imperial Beach records (CIB 2021), which is confirmed by a historic aerial photograph from 1966 showing the building in its current location. Historic aerials show a rectangular structure on the northern elevation of the subject property from 1978 to 1985, which then moves to the east elevation from 1986 to 1993 (NETR 2025a).
*B7. Moved? ☒No ☐Yes ☐Unknown Date: Original Location:
*B8. Related Features: N/A
B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Unknown
*B10. Significance: Theme N/A Area: N/A
Period of Significance N/A Property Type N/A Applicable Criteria N/A (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.)
698 Highway 75 does not meet any of the criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) or the City of Imperial Beach. The property was evaluated in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (Section 106) and Section 15064.5 (a)(2)-(3) of the CEQA Guidelines using the criteria outlined in Section 5024.1 of the California Public Resources Code. The property is not considered a historic property for the purposes of Section 106 or a historical resource under CEQA. As such, this evaluation assigns a 6Z California Historical Resources Status Code to 698 Highway 75. See Continuation Sheet.

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*Map Name: Imperial Beach, CA *Scale: 1:24,000 *Date of Map: 1996 (2002 ed.) DPR 523J * Required information
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LOCATION MAP Trinomial

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The subject property is in overall good condition.

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143). By 1976, Imperial Beach boasted a population of 22,100 (Adams 1976: 148).

In the 1980s through early 2000s, commercial and auto-focused development, such as gas stations, fast food restaurants, strip malls, and auto centers, continued to develop along the major arterials such as Palm Avenue (Google 2025; ParcelQuest 2025). Today, the City of Imperial Beach continues to be a tourist beach destination with approximately 400,000 visitors per year, and a population of 27,434 as of 2019 (City of Imperial Beach 2019).

Mid-Century Modern design was embraced intellectually as a departure from the past, but it was economically appealing for its ability to be mass-produced with standardized, affordable, and replicable designs that could accommodate many programmatic needs and site requirements. There was a need for a style that could meet the demand for mass construction of many property types – from residences to schools to offices – and convey the modern sensibility of an era that valued a departure from the past; middle-class growth; economic efficiency; and new material technology. The designs rarely incorporate applied ornamentation or references to historical styles.

Character-defining features of the Mid-Century Modern style for commercial properties include:
• One- to two stories in height

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• Low, boxy, horizontal proportions
• Simple geometric forms with a lack of exterior decoration • Commonly asymmetrical
• Flat roofed without coping at roofline; flat roofs hidden behind parapets or cantilevered canopies • Expressed post-and-beam construction in wood or steel • Exterior wall materials include stucco, brick, or concrete • Mass-produced materials
• Simple windows (metal or wood) flush-mounted and clerestory • Industrially plain doors
• Floor to ceiling window walls
• Extensive use of sheltered exterior corridors, with flat or slightly sloped roofs supported by posts, piers, or pipe columns
• Modern signage
• Deeply recessed and or angled vestibules
• Integrated planters
• Projecting vertical elements
Property History
Archival research identified the original owners of 698 Highway 75 as Mary K. Smith and J.D. Thomas (Imperial Beach Star News 1964: 2; IBSN 1966: 6) who operated the property as Stardust Donuts. The property was sold to Elwood Arnold after Thomas’ death in 1966 and Arnold maintained ownership until his retirement in 1981 when the property was transferred to his sons Clifford and Edwin Arnold. The Arnold Living Trust is the current property owner with Clifford Arnold continuing to run the donut shop (IBSN 1980: 31; IBSN 1985: 37; San Diego Union Tribune 2018).

Statement of Significance
Under NRHP and CRHR Criteria A/1, the property at 698 Highway 75 lacks a direct and important association with any event significant in local, state, or national history. The commercial property was constructed circa 1948, during a period of increased population growth and corresponding commercial expansion in Imperial Beach broadly and on Palm Avenue specifically following World War II’s conclusion in 1945. Palm Avenue was expanded to four lanes in 1955 and to six lanes circa 1963 and many businesses opened along this major thoroughfare to cater to locals and passing motorists. By 1955, for example, commercial development on Palm Avenue included the Miracle Shopping District (demolished) that was located between 9th and Delaware Street. Palm Avenue’s large number of commercial businesses ranged from beauty salons and barber shops to car dealerships, motels, hotels, and restaurants. By the 1960s, Palm Avenue was firmly established as a commercial center in Imperial Beach. While the subject property is associated with the pattern of post-World War II commercial development along Palm Avenue, an important local trend, the subject property was one of many commercial buildings constructed in the post-World War II years and did not play a significant role in this trend and did not influence this trend. The subject property has been occupied by Stardust Donuts since its construction; however, it does not appear to have been innovative within its industry or within Imperial Beach. It is also not known to be directly associated with any events that have made a significant contribution to the history of Imperial Beach, San Diego County, California, or the nation. Research also did not

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CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial
identify a significant historical event that occurred on the property. Therefore, the subject property does not meet NRHP Criterion A or CRHR Criterion 1 and is recommended not eligible.

Under NRHP and CRHR Criteria B/2, the property at 698 Highway 75 lacks a significant association with the productive life of any person important in local, state, or national history. Research identified several individuals associated with the businesses that occupied the subject property throughout its history: Mary K. Smith, J.D.

Thomas, Elwood Arnold, Clifford Arnold, and Edwin Arnold. While the Arnolds’ ownership has lasted nearly 60 years, longevity alone does not meet the standard for significance under Criterion B/2. Due to a lack of identified significant associations with any persons important in our past, the property is recommended not eligible under NRHP Criterion B or CRHR Criterion 2.
698 Highway 75 does not rise to the standard necessary to be found eligible under NRHP/CRHR Criterion C/3. The building is modern with some elements of the International Style including box construction, usage of modern materials, and repetitive fenestration, but it is neither a remarkable nor distinctive example of the style. There are many similar buildings along Highway 75 which have similar construction and were also built during the post-World War II era. Archival research was unable to determine the architect or builder, so there is no evidence that the property represents the work of a master. Therefore, the property is not eligible for listing under Criterion C/3. 698 Highway 75 does not appear significant under NRHP/CRHR Criterion D/4 as a source, or likely source, of important historical information, nor does it appear likely to yield important information about historic construction methods, materials, or technologies. Therefore, the property is not eligible for listing under Criterion D/4.

References (cont.)
Adams, Freda Compton Elliot. 1976. A History of Imperial Beach. Accessed in-person at the San Diego County Library – Imperial Beach Branch, June 2025.

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State of California - The Resources Agency Primary#
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial
ARG (Architectural Resources Group). 2016. City of Arcadia: Citywide Historic Context Statement. Prepared by ARG for the City of Arcadia, Development Services, Planning Division. January 11, 2016. https://www.arcadiaca.gov/Shape%20Arcadia/Development%20Services/historic%20preservation/Arcdia%20H CS_11-16_FINAL.pdf.

City of Imperial Beach. 2019. City of Imperial Beach General Plan/Local Coastal Program Land Use Plan. Accessed online on June 12, 2025.

City of Imperial Beach. 2024. General Plan & Local Coastal Plan. Adopted October 19, 1994. Updated June 2024.

Accessed June 5, 2025. https://imperialbeachca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/2388/General-Plan-LCPUpdated-2024.

Daugherty, Patrick. 1994. “A Little History on Imperial Beach.” San Diego Reader. Accessed June 4, 2025. https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/1994/dec/08/little-history-imperial-beach/.

Gebhard, D., and R. Winter. 2003. An Architectural Guidebook to Los Angeles. Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith Publishing.

Google. 2025. “Imperial Beach [aerial image].” Google Imagery. Mountainview, California: Google Imagery.

Accessed June 3, 2025.

IBSN (Imperial Beach Star News). 1964. "Student Cited in Auto Crash." Newspapers.com: Imperial Beach Star News (Imperial Beach, CA), 2. December 24, 1964.

IBSN. 1966. "J.D. Thomas." Newspapers.com: Imperial Beach Star News (Imperial Beach, CA), 6. October 27, 1966.

IBSN. 1980. “Doughnut making runs in the family” Newspapers.com: Imperial Beach Star News (Imperial Beach, CA), 31. March 20, 1980.

IBSN. 1985. “Elwood Arnold” Newspapers.com: Imperial Beach Star News (Imperial Beach, CA), 37. August 29, 1985
Morgan, W. 2004. The Abrams Guide to American House Styles. New York City, New York: Harry N Abrams Inc.

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2003. 2005, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2019, 2020, and 2022. Accessed June 4, 2025. https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer.

ParcelQuest. 2025. Property Data Information. Accessed June 3, 2025. https://www.parcelquest.com/ San Diego Union Tribune. 2018. “Old school Imperial Beach lives on in 50-year-old donut shop.” Accessed June 15, 2025. https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2018/09/05/old-school-imperial-beach-lives-on-in-50- year-old-donut-shop/
South Bay Historical Society Bulletin. 2016. Historic Sites of Imperial Beach. Issue Number 12. April. http://sunnycv.com/history/bulletin/12.pdf
UC Santa Barbara. 2025. Historic Aerial Photographs of the Imperial Beach Project Area, Imperial Beach, CA, dating from 1963. Accessed June 4, 2025. https://mil.library.ucsb.edu/ap_indexes/FrameFinder/.

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75 *Recorded by: Claire Cancilla, MSHP, Dudek *Date: June 5, 2025 ☒ Continuation ☐ Update DPR 523L * Required information
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Photographs (cont.)
Photo 2. View of primary (south) elevation, view to the north Source: Dudek 2025

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75 *Recorded by: Claire Cancilla, MSHP, Dudek *Date: June 5, 2025 ☒ Continuation ☐ Update DPR 523L * Required information
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Photo 3. Rear (north) elevation, view to the south
Source: Dudek 2025

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DPR 523A *Required Information
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #
PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial
NRHP Status Code 6Z
Other Listings
Review Code Reviewer Date
P1. Other Identifier: Map ID 3
*P2. Location: ☐ Not for Publication ☒ Unrestricted *a. County San Diego and (P2c, P2e, and P2b or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5' Quad Imperial Beach, Calif. Date 2018 T 18S; R 2W; Sec 20; San Bernardino B.M. c. Address 720-730 Highway 75 City Imperial Beach Zip 91932 d. UTM: (Give more than one for large and/or linear resources) Zone mE/ mN e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, decimal degrees, etc., as appropriate) APN 626-201-06-00
*P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries)
The subject property is a single-story commercial building clad in stucco and grouted loose rock, a flat roof, and a shallow overhang (Photo 1). The primary (south) elevation has two storefront entrances, 720 and 730 Highway 75, each with a set of double doors flanked by two metal-framed pictures windows. The double doors are metal framed with full-length glass panel insets. A wood frame, single panel door with a decorative ironwork gate is located on the west elevation beside a second wood frame, single panel door. See Continuation Sheet. *P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP6. 1-3 Story Commercial Building *P4. Resources Present: ☒Building ☐ Structure ☐ Object ☐ Site ☐ District ☐ Element of District ☐ Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: Photo 1,
View looking northeast, IMG_0653
*P6. Date Constructed/Age and
Sources:
 Historic  Prehistoric  Both
1962 (Imperial Beach Star News
1962: 5)
*P7. Owner and Address:

Brenda L Morgan Family Trust
887 St. George Drive
El Cajon, CA 92019
*P8. Recorded by: (Name,
affiliation, address)
Claire Cancilla, MSHP (Dudek)
605 Third Street
Encinitas, CA 92024
*P9. Date Recorded:

June 5, 2025
*P10. Survey Type: Intensive
P5a. Photograph 1

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*Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) 720-30 Highway 75 DPR 523B *Required Information
State of California - The Resources Agency Primary #
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI#

BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD
B1. Historic Name: 720 Highway 75: Andreoli’s Pizza House, Luigi’s, Roy’s Other Place, Pete’s Pastries and Donut Shop, La Panaderia Cinco de Mayo 730 Highway 75: Beach Cycle Center, Seaweed Kawasaki B2. Common Name: N/A
B3. Original Use: Restaurant
B4. Present Use: Retail
*B5. Architectural Style: Mid-Century Modern with International style elements *B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alterations) The subject property was constructed in 1962 (Imperial Beach Star News 1962: 5). Observed alterations include door and window replacements.
*B7. Moved? ☒No ☐Yes ☐Unknown Date: Original Location:
*B8. Related Features: N/A
B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Unknown
*B10. Significance: Theme N/A Area: N/A
Period of Significance N/A Property Type N/A Applicable Criteria N/A (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.)
720-30 Highway 75 does not meet the criteria for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) or the City of Imperial Beach. The property was evaluated in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (Section 106) and Section 15064.5 (a)(2)-(3) of the CEQA Guidelines using the criteria outlined in Section 5024.1 of the California Public Resources Code. The property is not considered a historic property for the purposes of Section 106 or a historical resource under CEQA. As such, this evaluation assigns a 6Z California Historical Resources Status Code to 720-30 Highway 75. See Continuation Sheet.

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Description (cont.)
third metal frame, single panel door is also located on the east elevation. The subject property possesses some characteristics of the International style such as a repeated fenestration pattern, a flat roof, sparse decorative elements and ornamentation, and use of metal for windows and doors (McAlester 2015). The parcel also contains a paved parking lot abutting the sidewalk along Highway 75. A paved driveway along the west elevation leads to a group of three apartment complexes on a separate parcel. No landscaping is present. The historic property boundary is limited to the legal parcel boundary of APN 626-201-06-00. The subject property is in overall good condition.

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from City Hall at 840 Coronado Avenue opened as Marina Vista Park (later renamed Veterans Park) (Adams 1976:
143). By 1976, Imperial Beach boasted a population of 22,100 (Adams 1976: 148).

Strip Mall Typology
The so-called strip mall first emerged as a distinct and identifiable commercial property type during the late 1940s. Commercial space in cities traditionally revolved around the pedestrian as well as the architectural forms that originated in the urban core, including storefronts placed along the front of the property lines along both sides of the street. This spatial order was not easily jettisoned in American cities and towns during the early post-World War II era. With the rise in automobile ownership, however, vehicular congestion caused by on-street parking had become a recognized problem in urban areas across the country. The automobile forced urban planners, architects, and developers to think about architecture in an entirely new way. Initially, planners sought to alleviate the congestion in towns by increasing commercial setbacks to allow for a small parking area in front of the building. They also preferred building designs with a one-story form, a unified façade with a minimal amount of architectural ornamentation, and a separate service area at the rear of the building. By the early 1950s, the widespread acceptance of the front parking area in commercial districts led to the spread of the strip mall typology in the suburbs, where land was more readily available for this type of commercial development (Manning 2009: 12-15, 20, 27).

The following character-defining features of the strip mall typology are based on criteria gathered from publications such as the Architectural Record, Architectural Forum, Architect and Engineer, and the 1948, 1954, and 1968 editions of the Community Builders Handbook prepared by the Community Builders’ Council of the Urban Land Institute as presented in Matthew J. Manning’s thesis, “The Death and Life of Great

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American Strip Malls: Evaluating and Preserving A Unique Cultural Resource” (Manning 2009: 39).

Character-defining/associative features of strip malls include:
• Single ownership or control
• Designed and built as a planned unit
• Single story
• Building set back from the public street or right-of-way • Primary parking between the building and the street
• Minimum 3 to 1 ratio of parking area to building area • Simple front façade oriented toward the parking area
• Separate rear service access
• Storefront entrances directly accessible from the parking area • Straight line of stores tied together by a covered sidewalk along the storefronts (canopy, awning, arcade, etc.)
• Spaces for multiple tenants with partition walls between stores • Flexible interior space customizable by tenants
• Individual exterior signage for each storefront
• Signage visible from passing vehicles
Mid-Century Modern Architecture (1940-1975)
Mid-Century Modern style (1940-1975) is reflective of International and Bauhaus styles popular in Europe in the early twentieth century. Early Modernists, including Rudolph Schindler, Richard Neutra, and Frank Lloyd Wright brought many elements of these design aesthetics and material experimentation to Southern California in the 1920s. The development of the Mid-Century Modern style in the United States was largely fostered by World War II. Prominent European practitioners of the International and Bauhaus styles, namely architects Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe and Walter Gropius, fled to the United States during World War II. The United States became a manufacturing and industrial leader. Materials and aesthetics evolved to reflect modern innovations that dominated design and construction following the war.

Mid-Century Modern design was embraced intellectually as a departure from the past, but it was economically appealing for its ability to be mass-produced with standardized, affordable, and replicable designs that could accommodate many programmatic needs and site requirements. There was a need for a style that could meet the demand for mass construction of many property types – from residences to schools to offices – and convey the modern sensibility of an era that valued a departure from the past; middle-class growth; economic efficiency; and new material technology. The designs rarely incorporate applied ornamentation or references to historical styles. As a result, many industrial buildings in the style are often “decorated boxes,” plain buildings with applied ornament to suit the era and appear more modern without reflecting the activity inside the building.

Commercial buildings of this style incorporated new elements such as sleek Modern signage, aluminum awnings, and canopies, deeply recessed and or angled vestibules, floor-to-ceiling window walls, integrated planters, and projecting vertical elements. Many property types exhibit the characteristics of the Mid-Century Modern style; however, not all Mid-Century Modern designs rise to the level of significant examples of the

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CONTINUATION SHEET Trinomial
architectural style. Practitioners of the style were focused on the most cutting-edge materials and techniques.

Character-defining features of the Mid-Century Modern style for commercial properties include:
• One- to two stories in height
• Low, boxy, horizontal proportions
• Simple geometric forms with a lack of exterior decoration • Commonly asymmetrical
• Flat roofed without coping at roofline; flat roofs hidden behind parapets or cantilevered canopies • Expressed post-and-beam construction in wood or steel • Exterior wall materials include stucco, brick, or concrete • Mass-produced materials
• Simple windows (metal or wood) flush-mounted and clerestory • Industrially plain doors
• Floor to ceiling window walls
• Extensive use of sheltered exterior corridors, with flat or slightly sloped roofs supported by posts, piers, or pipe columns
• Modern signage
• Deeply recessed and or angled vestibules
• Integrated planters
• Projecting vertical elements
Property History
Archival research identified the original tenant of 720 Highway 75 as “Andreoli’s Pizza,” which was operated by Andy Andreoli and owned by George Morgan (IBSN 1962a: 5; IBSN 1962b: 6). In 1970, the property was owned and operated by Robert Luisi as “Luigi’s,” an Italian restaurant (IBSN 1970: 1). Roy Paul Shields owned 720 Highway 75 from 1972 to 1973 when it was transferred to Gerald and Virginia Fritch (IBSN 1972: 10; Chula Vista Star News 1973: 36). Research did not identify the owner or tenant between 1973 and 1980, but an ad for Pete’s Pastries and Donut Shop appears in 1982 (Chula Vista Star News 1982: 46). Another gap is present until 1992 when the owners are listed as Leopoldo Lopez, Jr. and Eduardo Rodriguez, operating the property as “La Panaderia Cinco de Mayo” until at least 1994 (The Star News 1992: 24; The Star News 1994: 16).

Archival research was also able to determine that 720-30 Highway 75 was split into two addresses by 1970 (Imperial Beach Star News 1970: 3). The owner of 730 Highway 75 is listed as Bert Fuller from 1970 to 1978 when ownership was transferred to Duwane and Dorothy Chaffee (Chula Vista Star News 1978: 46). Earl E. Roloff became the owner in 1981 and operated the business as “Seaweed Kawasaki” until an undetermined date (IBSN 1981: 51). The current owner of the property is the Brenda L. Morgan Family Trust, but archival research did not reveal when the Trust took possession of the property.

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Imperial Beach City CouncilSeptember 2, 2026

Imperial Beach City Council
September 2, 2026