Promotion of transit. As noted in Section 6.3, Inglewood residents generally have short commutes. This is one component of a foundation for successful transit policy. Transit can transport a large amount of people in a small amount of space. The City has transit services provided by multiple transit operators and through different programs. However, there are very few transit hubs in the city where travelers can connect to different transit services, and at times, the services could be infrequent. Existing transportation challenges and opportunities indicate the value of ongoing collaboration with LA Metro and other transit operators to improve transit access, safety, and first/last mile infrastructure.
Sustained efforts for transit -oriented development. LA Metro has three light rail stations in Inglewood, with an additional station (Crenshaw station) in Hawthorne, adjacent to the city’s southern border. The City has prepared plans for TOD around the light-rail stations to leverage the transportation options. To accommodate a growing city while providing transit access, the City needs to continue to seek opportunities to implement existing TOD plans and develop new plans around the Inglewood Transit Connector and other future transit hubs.
Focus on a ctive transportation infrastructure and culture . Active transportation such as walking and biking are low-cost transportation modes that contribute to a sustainable, equitable mobility system and improve local quality of life. While the City has sidewalks on many roadways, it is a primarily auto-oriented community bordered on two sides by major interstates. The bikeway network is currently limited in type, scale, and geography. The General Plan Update is an opportunity to develop a policy strategy that pairs awareness and education of active transportation with an equitable expansion of the active transportation network . T he recently adopted Active Transportation and Safe Routes to School Pla n offers a foundation for potential improvements.
Management of trips from special events. New entertainment and sports venues such as the SoFi Stadium and Hollywood Park, Kia Forum, and Intuit Dome bring in new economic opportunities, but they also stress the existing transportation system. A large number of travelers create traffic along the city roads and parking issues for neighborhoods adjacent to the venues during special events.
The City has undertaken multiple efforts to manage the traffic. It has implemented some programs such as the IPARK&GO shuttles that allow visitors to park off-site and take shuttles to the venues, and residential permit parking that restricts parking on city streets. Inglewood is also collaborating with LA Metro on the Inglewood Transit Connector project to provide enhanced transit services to the venues from the Downtown Inglewood K Line station. However, given the increased popularity of the venues, with more high-profile events planned for the future, the City needs to continuously develop new policies and infrastructure to mitigate traffic impacts on surrounding neighborhoods, while providing more efficient, sustainable, and equitable transportation options.
Chapter 6 Circulation
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 6-35
Technological innovation. The transportation industry is constantly introducing and adapting new technologies with the potential to improve and/or disrupt the City’s mobility system.
Intelligent transportation systems can allow travelers to move through the mobility system more efficiently. Meanwhile, ridesharing can provide alternatives to individual driving, but it can create challenges for curb management. In planning for a better mobility system, the City should als o take into consideration the implicat ions of these new technologies and find creative ways to leverage them.
LAX Planning and Coordination. Inglewood has a unique relationship with LAX, resulting from the partial intersection of the city limits with the Airport Influence Area, the presence of airport - dedicated transit to and from the city, and the daily commute patterns of local airport employees.
LAX influences how, why, when, and by whom the City’s transportation network is used. The GP Update is an opportunity to assess how to best coordinate with other jurisdictions impacted by LAX policy planning, with transit agencies that serve LAX , and with the County and the FAA regarding airport access, commute patterns, and mitigating airport impacts to the city’s sensitive receptors.
New first/last-mile options. The City’s existing efforts to promote first/last -mile access have focused primarily on pedestrian, bicycle, streetscaping, and bus stop infrastructure. However, the provision of these valuable short trips has diversified in the past five years, exemplified by e-bike and e-scooter programs that leverage hand-held technologies and electric batteries. Due to the rapid implementation of these programs across all types of communities, their benefits and liabilities are better understood. Inglewood has the chance to consider these programs and develop policies to maximize their local implementation.
Vision Zero safety planning. The City’s current mobility plans and projects generally identify multimodal improvements, strategize destination access and adopt transit -oriented land uses.
Safety informs all of these efforts. However, recent “Safe System” or “Vision Zero” approaches to transportation planning are endorsed by the Federal Highway Administration and global transportation community. These paradigms acknowledge that even a single death on the transportation system is unacceptable. Communities across the US and California , including the City of Los Angeles, are now recognized as Vision Zero communities, with adopted Vision Zero plans. The dynamic circulation landscape of Inglewood and the City’s push toward new modes are an opportunity to consider this new approach to transportation safety.
Equitable awareness, access and benefits. Inglewood ’s transportation policies alone cannot ensure that all local communities experience the benefits of the transportation network equally.
However, the City can support equitable access to the transportation system through policies and priorities related to transit fare equity programs, outreach to disadvantaged communities, improved access for residents with disabilities , and support for transit routing to job and education centers. Policies that support access to major destinations can be balanced with those that support mobility for all community members and neighborhoods.
Goods movement and community health. The city’s truck rout ing system utilizes nearly all major arterials across the city. As a result, all areas of Inglewood see at least some of the economic benefits and health-related impacts of large truck movement. Development of an updated truck Chapter 6 Circulation
route map that carefully considers surrounding land uses, economic nodes , and sensitive receptors would increase the benefits of truck access while decreasing known health and community impacts.
Integrative parking policy. Successful parking policies lie at the intersection of transportatio n, land use, and technological innovation . New transit options to SOFI Stadium , Kia Forum, Intuit Dome and other high -visitation hotspots will reduce targeted parking burden. However, well- conceived citywide parking policies and priorities will improve multiple facets of local quality of life. Innovative parking policies are based on diverse considerations, such as reduced off -street parking requirements across l and use types ; context-sensitive curb management that assess impacts to freight, loading, active transportation infrastructure and outdoor dining; and improved access for people with health conditions or impairments. .
Transition to Zero Emissions Vehicles (ZEV) . ZEVs help reduce greenhouse emissions with cleaner fuels, but they are still tailored to driving. The General Plan Update is an opportunity for Inglewood to develop policies for and approaches to transition on-road vehicle to electric power from renewable sources or other zero -emission fuels. Considerations include how to transition business, government, and public transit fleets to ZEV and how to support designs for new parking facilities that incorporate ZEV ch arging/fueling infrastructure and maximize opportunities for adaptive reuse.
Infrastructure
7 January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 7-1
7 INFRASTRUCTURE
This infrastructure assessment report describes the primary wet utility infrastructure systems that support the City, including water, sewer, storm drainage systems, and water quality programs.
Analyses are derived from GIS tools, data, and communication with City staff and local providers.
Any significant deficiencies are identified, along with the existing tools available to address them, including any Capital Improvements Plans (CIP) to remedy existing condition deficiencies.
7.1 Water
7.1.1 Water System Environmental Setting and Infrastructure The City is served by three water purveyors; the City’s water utility department, Golden State Water Company Southwest (GSWC Southwest) , and California America Water Company’s (CAWC) Southern Division Los Angeles County District. A large source of water supply for the c ity is pumped groundwater. The city lies within the Coastal Plain of the Los Angeles Groundwater Basin and specifically under the adjudicated West Coast Groundwater Subbasin (West Coast Basin) and Central Groundwater Subbasin (Central Basin).
1 The City’s water utility department provides water to 86 percent of the residences and businesses in Inglewood. The City’s water service area comprises 4,608 acres, or approximately 78 percent of the city’s total area of 5,825 acres. Approximately 45 percent of the land use in the City’s water service area is residential, 21 percent is commercial, 6 percent is industrial, and the remaining 28 percent includes various open spaces and residential, commercial, and other uses within the Hollywood Park Specific Plan area. The water provided by the City is pumped from four City - owned wells, treated, and blended with water purchased from the West Basin Municipal Water District (WBMWD) through Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD) pipe connections. The Cit y also purchases recycled water from WBMWD. Recycled water is used for irrigation and landscaping purposes at City parks, cemeteries, and schools. 2 GSWC Southwest is in southwestern Los Angeles County and serves the cities of Gardena and Lawndale; parts of the cities of Carson, Compton, El Segundo, Redondo Beach, Hawthorne, and Inglewood; and the adjacent communities of Athens, Del Aire, El Camino Village, Lennox, and Gardena Heights. The service area is approximately 25.2 square miles. GSWC Southwest services mostly residential customers with some commercial and industrial connections. GSWC Southwest primarily uses water pumped from the West Coast and Central Basins and imported water purchased from the Central Basin Municipal Water District (CBMWD) and WBMWD as well as recycled water from WBMWD. GSWC Southwest owns and operates 13 active wells with a
1 California Department of Water Resources, Groundwater Basin Boundary Assessment Tool. https://gis.water.ca.gov/app/bbat/.
2 City of Inglewood, 2020 Urban Water Management Plan.
Chapter 7 Infrastructure
combined capacity of 13,400 gallons per minute that pump local groundwater from the Central and West Coast basins.3
CAWC’s Southern Division Los Angeles County District covers three service areas: Baldwin Hills, Duarte, and San Marino. The three service areas exceed 3,000 customers and deliver 3,000 acre- feet per year (AFY) or more. The Los Angeles County District water supply consists of groundwater from the Central Basin and wholesale purchase from WBMWD. A portion of Inglewood is in the Baldwin Hills service area. The Baldwin Hills service area encompasses approximately 2,056 acres east of Highway 90, to the north of the City of Inglewood. In 2020, CAWC’s Baldwin Hills service area provided water to 6,261 connections in portions of Inglewood and in the unincorporated communities of Ladera Heights and View Park-Windsor Hills. The Baldwin Hills service area serves approximately 17,695 people.
4 Refer to Figure 7-1 or the water district service areas in the city. Refer to Figure 7-2 for the existing water system owned and maintained by the City’s water utility department.
7.1.2 Existing Water Demands
For existing land uses in the city, water demands were estimated from Inglewood’s Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP). The City tracks water sales by residential, commercial, industrial, municipal, and fire. Residential includes both single family and multifamily connections and accounts for approximately 86 percent of total water service connections.
As shown in Table 7-1, the existing water service connections in the c ity have a combined water demand of approximately 9,132 AFY as of 2020. The water system is functioning effectively to deliver these demands, and the City consistently tracks and monitors the condition of the water infrastructure to provide a reliable water infrastructure network.
Table 7-1 City of Inglewood Existing Water Demands
Sector 2016 (AFY) 2017 (AFY) 2018 (AFY) 2019 (AFY) 2020 (AFY) Residential 6,103 6,072 6,380 6,045 6,337
Commercial 2,219 2,170 2,274 2,216 2,343
Industrial 50 53 51 38 60
Municipal 89 90 140 116 113
Fire 3 8 7 7 4
Real & Apparent
Losses 68 554 298 181 275
Total Water Use 8,532 8,947 9,150 8,603 9,132
Source: City of Inglewood, 2020 UWMP, Table 4.1, Summary of Past Water Use.
3 Golden State Water Company, Southwest Service Area 2020 Urban Water Management Plan 4 California American Water Company, Southern Division Los Angeles County District 2020 Urban Water Management Plan
Legend
Note: Water systems shown are owned and
maintained by the City of Inglewood.
Chapter 7 Infrastructure
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 7-5
Within the respective UWMPs for GSWC Southwest and CAWC, the existing water demands cover areas outside of the City’s jurisdiction. Existing water demands for solely the remaining 14 percent of the City serviced by GSWC Southwest and CAWC are unavailable.
7.1.3 Existing Water Supply
The City’s water utility department obtains its water supply from three sources: treated imported surface water purchased from MWD through WBMWD; local groundwater produced from the West Coast Basin via City -owned and operated wells; and recycled water pur chased from WBMWD. WBMWD’s imported water comes from the State Water Project and Colorado River via MWD pipelines and aqueducts. The Colorado River aqueduct, which has a capacity of 1.25 million AFY, is owned and operated by MWD. MWD imports water from the State Water Project, owned by the State of California and operated by the California Department of Water Resources. 5 Existing and projected water supply from each of the three sources are summarized in Table 7-2 Table 7-2 City of Inglewood Existing and Projected Water Supply Source 2020 (AFY) 2025 (AFY) 2030 (AFY) 2035 (AFY) 2040 (AFY) 2045 (AFY) Groundwater 3,062 2,200 2,200 2,200 2,200 2,200
Imported
Water 5,972 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000 9,000
Recycled Water 800 800 800 800 800 800
Total 9,834 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000
Source: City of Inglewood, 2020 UWMP, Table 6.4, Supply Summary.
All three-water purveyors’ water supply consist s of pumped groundwater from either the West Coast or Central Basin s. Refer to Table 7-3for the adjudicated groundwater pumping rights for each water purveyor and from which groundwater basin.
Table 7-3 Groundwater Pumping Rights
Pumper Basin Adjudicated Rights (AFY)
California American Water Co. Central Basin 2,175
Golden State Water Co. West Coast Basin 7,502
City of Inglewood West Coast Basin 4,450
Source: West Basin Municipal Water District, 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, Table 6-1, Groundwater Pumping Rights within West Basin Service Area.
5 West Basin Municipal Water District, 2020 Urban Water Management Plan.
Chapter 7 Infrastructure
The Water Replenishment District, which is the Watermaster for the West Coast and Central Basin, closely monitors pumping from the groundwater basins to ensure each water purveyor receives their adjudicated rights from the groundwater basin. See Table 7-4 for projected groundwater production for the West Coast and Central Basin.
Table 7-4 Projected Groundwater Production
Basin 2025 (AFY) 2030 (AFY) 2035 (AFY) 2040 (AFY) 2045 (AFY) West Coast
Basin 23,114 26,056 26,056 26,056 26,056
Central Basin 3,554 4,044 4,044 4,044 4,044
Total 26,667 30,100 30,100 30,100 30,100
Source: West Basin Municipal Water District, 2020 Urban Water Management Plan, Table 6-3, Projected Groundwater Production (AFY) in West Basin Service Area.
7.1.4 Existing Water Capacity Assessment and Water Planning City of Inglewood 2015 Water Master Plan
In 2015, the City updated its Water Master Plan (WMP) to evaluate existing and future system infrastructure and operations. The WMP provides a working document to assess infrastructure and operation improvements to enable system reliability, redundancies, and efficiencies for a 20-year planning horizon with the water CIP , which was created for over 40 years to efficiently fund recommended system improvements . The WMP utilizes the City’s General Plan Land Use data available in 2015, which includes the Hollywood Park Specific Plan. A hydraulic model of the City’s water system was developed to model system performance and pressures to assess deficiencies and recommend improvements in the CIP. As part of the analysis, peak-hour demands are calculated and modeled throughout the system t o determine if there are any pressure deficiencies throughout the water system and to confirm sufficient water supply for required domestic and fire suppression scenarios . All system pressures were found to be above the minimum-required operating pressure, and the system was deemed to be operating effectively.
Additionally, the system is tested to determine if it is capable of sustaining adequate fire flow pressure (minimum 20 pounds per square inch (psi) for fire suppression scenario) per Los Angeles County Fire Department requirements. As a result of the hydraulic analysis, a total of 350 fire-flow deficiencies were identified at various deficiency levels. 6 These deficiencies are being addressed
in the City’s CIP for water system projects.
6 City of Inglewood, 2015 Water Master Plan.
Chapter 7 Infrastructure
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 7-7
Water Capital Improvement Plans
The City releases the operating budget each fiscal year that contains information on the City’s CIP.
Table 7-5 contains information about CIP projects pertaining to water facilities.
Table 7-5 City of Inglewood Water System Capital Improvement Plan Project Name CIP Fiscal Year Project Summary
Water Plant Bldg. Improvements 2024-2025
Water Treatment Plant facilities
restoration and improvements;
Completion of repairs in progress
including upgrades to building roof
Design Ground Well 2024-2025 Repair and upgrades for booster pump and motor
Water Distribution System
Upgrade Program 2024-2025 Water main replacement program; Water Main Phase 7 Project
Install Scada System 2024-2025
Upgrades to Scada System; Upgrades
to water treatment plant Prologic
control units
Water System Sites
Improvements & Studies 2024-2025 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers NEPA & CEQA Study Cost Share
Morningside Reservoir
Improvements 2024-2025 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers design for new Morningside Reservoir
Well No. 8 Design and
Installation 2024-2025 New well construction project
ARPA Water Utility
Improvement Project 2024-2025 Water Main Replacement program; Water Main Phase 7 Project
Source: City of Inglewood, FY 23-24 Operating Budget Capital Improvement Plan.
Chapter 7 Infrastructure
GSWC Southwest maintains an ongoing list of capital improvement projects throughout its service area. Table 7-6 contains information for projects in the City’s jurisdiction.
Table 7-6 GSWC - Southwest Water System Capital Improvement Plan Project Name CIP Fiscal Year Project Summary
General Rate Case 2023 General
Case (2025-27) 24/25 – 26/27
Rates proposed for 2025-2027 will
provide customers with long-term
value by investing $82 million
proactive capital investments and
maintenance of local water
infrastructure essential to the delivery
and treatment of reliable, quality
water.
Century Blvd. Area Main
Replacements 2024-2025 Replace essential water mains
throughout Century Blvd.
W. Century Blvd. & La Cienega
Blvd. Vault Abandonment 2024-2025 Install a new interconnection vault abandonment
11838 Aviation Blvd. Project 2023-2024 Reconnect and reuse of service at 11838 Aviation Blvd.
Source: Golden State Water Company, Southwest Capital Projects. https://www.gswater.com/post/gardena-capital-projects
7.2 Sewer
7.2.1 Sewer System
The City provides sewer service to the community through a collection system comprising 149 miles of gravity sewer pipes. Pipe diameters range from four to six inches for lateral lines and eight to ten inches for sewer mains. The City’s system also consists of 3, 246 manholes and does not include any pump stations but is entirely gravity flow. The City is part of Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts’ (LACSD) District No. 5. The majority of sewers tie directly into Los Angeles LACSD trunk lines crossing the c ity primarily in arterial streets. LACSD trunk lines range from 10 to 24 inches in diameter. There are two LACSD -owned pumping stations in the city and approximately 200 connections to LACSD trunk sewers, which send the city’s wastewater south to LACSD’s A.K. Warren Water Resource Facility (Warren Facility) in the city of Carson for treatment and disposal of wastewater.7
The sewers are primarily constructed of vitrified clay pipe. Approximately 95 percent of the pipes are eight inches in diameter. The majority of the existing sewer system was constructed before 1960. Figure 7-3 displays the City’s and LACSD’s existing sewer system facilities.
7 City of Inglewood, Sewer System Management Plan Update, July 2021.
City of Inglewood Sewer Lines
LACSD Main Trunk Lines
Chapter 7 Infrastructure
7.2.2 Existing Wastewater Demands
The City completed a Sewer Master Plan (SMP) in 2017 to investigate the condition of it s sewer system and produce a planning document for future infrastructure requirements. A n SMP is a comprehensive study and evaluation of the sewer system to enhance and preserve the quality of life in the c ity and system performance for present and future growth. The SMP includes the evaluations of all City sewer structures that are within the city limits for hydraulic capacities, structural conditions, and needed capital improvements. As part of this analysis, existing and future wastewater flows were measured.8 Table 7-7 shows the average and peak wastewater flows for both existing conditions and the 2040 estimate. The 2040 estimate was determined by assuming vacant lots at the time of the study were built out according to the City’s current zoning.
Projected built-out flows from the currently vacant lots were added to the existing flows.
Table 7-7 City of Inglewood Existing Wastewater Demands Existing Conditions 2040 Estimate
Average Flow (mgd) 0.273 0.274
Peak Flow (mgd) 0.546 0.547
Source: City of Inglewood, 2017 Sewer Master Plan, Table 3-5.
7.2.3 Existing Sewer Capacity Assessment
City of Inglewood 2021 Sewer System Management Plan
A sewer system management plan (SSMP) is a comprehensive approach to managing the City’s sewer system. The purpose of the SSMP is to provide guidance that will ensure that the sewer system is properly operated, maintained, and managed to protect public health, safety, and the environment. The City’s 2021 SSMP is a shorter -term planning document that ensures sewer system overflows, system deficiencies, and restorations are identified and addressed by the City’s sewer system operators, employees, and contract ors. The key elements to the successful implementation of the SSMP are: 1) design and construction of replacement pipelines for previously identified capacity-deficient pipelines in the sewer system and 2) the continuing annual closed-circuit television (CCTV) inspections of designated areas within the sewer system to determine further defects that may exists.
9 The City’s 2017 SMP is a key component to the SSMP. This comprehensive study is completed by creating a hydraulic model to perform a detailed analysis of the sewer collection system. The hydraulic model results are then analyzed to determine areas of deficient sewer system based on a flow capacity threshold ratio. This analysis is completed for existing conditions and 2040 future conditions using buildout assumptions associated with the 2014 General Plan land uses, including the buildout of the Hollywood Pa rk planning area. Using the results of the capacity analyses , a
8 City of Inglewood, 2017 Sewer Master Plan.
9 City of Inglewood, 2021 Sewer System Management Plan.
Chapter 7 Infrastructure
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 7-11
capital improvement plan is created to proactively address the identified potential capacity issues.
Six capacity improvement projects comprising 72 sewer segments and a total of 17,766 linear feet (3.4 miles) of replacement sewers are recommended for upsizing to alleviate the identified capacity deficiencies. Additionally, as part of the 2017 SMP, CCTV inspections were conducted.
Approximately 290,000 linear feet (55 miles) of City sewers were videotaped using CCTV, which is approximately 37 percent of the City’s total collection system (148 miles). Among the sewer reaches surveyed by CCTV, a total of 107,055 linear feet (20 miles) of sewer segments had significant defects that warrant replacement of sewers. Lining rehabilitation was recommended for 77,235 linear feet (14.6 miles) of videotaped sewer segments. 10 A.K. Warren Water Resource Facility
As previously mentioned, all wastewater flows from the City are sent to the Warren Facility. The Warren Facility is LACSD’s oldest and largest wastewater treatment plant. With a design capacity of 400 million gallons of wastewater per day (mgd) ,11 the Warren Facility currently provides primary and secondar treatment for an average of 260 mgd.12 The Warren Facility serves over 4.8 million residents, businesses, and industries. All solids from the Joint Outfall System are processed here and anaerobically digested to produce methane gas. The methane gas is burned in the Total Energy Facility to produce enough electrical power to run the entire plant. After treatment, the effluent is chlorinated and discharged through two ocean outfalls a mile and half offshore.
Sewer Capital Improvement Plans
The City releases an operating budget each fiscal year that contains information on the City’s CIP.
Table 7-8 contains information for the City’s CIP regarding sewer facilities.
Table 7-8 Sewer Utility Capital Improvement Plan
Project Name CIP Fiscal Year Project Summary
Sewer System Improvement 2024-2025 Transfer Station, On-call services, CCTV upgrades
Source: City of Inglewood, FY 23-24 Operating Budget Capital Improvement Plan.
10 City of Inglewood, 2017 Sewer Master Plan.
11 Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts Facilities, A.K. Warren Water Resources Facility, accessed July 2024, https://www.lacsd.org/services/wastewater-sewage/facilities/ak-warren-water-resource-facility. 12 Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts Facilities, A.K. Warren Water Resources Facility, accessed July 2024, https://www.app.lacsd.org/facilities/?tab=2&number=1.
Chapter 7 Infrastructure
7.3 Storm Drainage and Water Quality
7.3.1 Storm Drainage
Watershed Setting
The city sits in two watersheds, the Dominguez Channel watershed (Hydrologic Sub area 411.01) as well as the Santa Monica Bay watershed (Hydrologic Subarea 404.63). Approximately 60 percent of the c ity is in the Dominguez Channel watershed ; the remaining 40 percent is in the Santa Monica Bay watershed. Each watershed comprise s a number of channels that ultimately deliver stormwater to the Pacific Ocean. The city drains to the following receiving water bodies:
• Centinela Creek
• Ballona Creek
• Ballona Creek Estuary
• Santa Monica Bay Offshore/Nearshore
• Dominguez Channel
• Dominguez Channel Estuary
• Los Angeles Consolidated Slip
• Los Angeles/Long Beach Inner Harbor
• Los Angeles/Long Beach Outer Harbor
See Figure 7-4 for a map of the watersheds in the city.
Drainage Facilities
The city is largely built out with a storm drain system consisting of catch basins and storm drain lines owned by the City, Los Angeles County Flood Control District ( LACFCD), and the California Department of Transportation ( Caltrans) that convey stormwater runoff within roadways and underground. Each agency maintains its respective infrastructure to ensure the system functions effectively. Centinela Creek and the Dominguez Channel are both LACFCD facilities managed by the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works. Stormwater is collected by a series of local catch basins, inlets, and storm drain pipes throughout the city. Drainage patterns in the c ity are split—the northern portion of the c ity generally drains north and northwest to Lower Centinela Creek and the southern portion of the c ity generally drains south and southeast to Dominguez Channel. The City owns and maintains a number of catch basins and smaller storm drain lines, and County Public Works owns and maintains the larger storm drain lines, reinforced concrete boxes, and flood control channels. LACFCD has a de tailed GIS-based inventory of its drainage facilities throughout the city including, storm drainpipes, channels, and catch basins. Refer to Figure 7-5 for the City’s and LA County’s storm drain system in the City limits.
Chapter 7 Infrastructure
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 7-15
Drainage Capital Improvement Plans
The City releases the operating budget each fiscal year that contains information on the City’s CIP.
Table 7-9 contains information on the City’s CIP regarding drainage facilities and programs.
Table 7-9 Drainage Capital Improvement Plan
Project Name CIP Fiscal Year Project Summary
Storm Drain System
Improvements 2024-2025
Design and install upgrade to low
impact development compliance storm
drain system
Enhanced Watershed
Management Project 2024-2025
Plan watershed management of local
and regional projects including Los
Angeles Regional Board MS4 NPDES
permit compliance
Source: City of Inglewood, FY 23-24 Operating Budget Capital Improvement Plan.
7.3.2 Water Quality Regulations
The City discharges into several receiving water bodies, and each has its own beneficial uses and total maximum daily loads (TMDL) aimed at protecting water quality. The City also overlies the West Coast and Central Groundwater Basins, which have prescribed beneficial uses and water quality objectives. Future projects in the city that meet certain thresholds must follow development requirements of the Los Angeles County Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Permit , which includes incorporating best management practices (BMP) into individual projects to further help protect water quality in receiving waters. Examples of low impact development BMPs include groundwater infiltration, stormwater harvest and reuse, or biofiltration.
Los Angeles County MS4 Permit and Enhanced Watershed Management Program The current Los Angeles County MS4 Permit (Order No. R4 -2012-0175; NPDES Permit No.
CAS004001) became effective on December 28, 2012 . The permit defines effluent limitations, receiving water limitations, minimum control measures, TMDL provisions, and the process for developing watershed management programs. The City participates in two watershed management programs: the Enhanced Watershed Management Progra m (EWMP) for the Dominguez Channel Watershed Management Area
13 and the EWMP for the Ballona Creek
Watershed.14 The Ballona Creek EWMP includes the Santa Monica Bay Watershed Management Area. EWMPs determine a network of control measures that will achieve required pollutant
13 Enhanced Watershed Management Program for the Dominguez Channel Watershed Management Area Group, February 2016, https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/losangeles/water_issues/programs/stormwater/ municipal/watershed_management/dominguez_channel/DCWMG_EWMP_2-25-15.pdf. 14 Enhanced Watershed Management Program for the Ballona Creek Watershed, February 2016, https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/losangeles/water_issues/programs/stormwater/municipal/ watershed_management/ballona_creek/BallonaCreek_RevisedEWMP_corrected2016Feb1.pdf.
Chapter 7 Infrastructure
reductions while providing multiple benefits to the community and leveraging sustainable green infrastructure. Each plan identifies and outlines a path to developing control measures to address water body pollutant combinations that been observed to exceed water quality objectives in the receiving water bodies. Both EWMPs are pursuant to the requirements in Order No. R4-2012-0175, Los Angeles County MS4 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit.
In 2018, Los Angeles County voters passed Measure W , which provides funding, expertise, and partnership to community groups, municipalities, and individuals intending to capture and clean stormwater, help increase local water supply , and safeguard water quality.15 Measure W created funding opportunities to develop stormwater capture projects with multiple benefits .
Municipalities throughout Los Angeles County have begun applying for Measure W funding to implement regional control measures outlined in the EWMPs. Table 7-10 contains information on Measure W projects in the city.
Table 7-10 City of Inglewood Measure W Projects
Project Name Summary Phase EWMP
Edward Vincent Jr. Park
Stormwater Improvements
Project
Multibenefit stormwater
improvements projects at
Edward Vincent Jr. Park using
infiltration and bioretention
BMPs
Design Ballona Creek
Darby Park Multibenefit
Project
The Project will manage 3.7 acre-
feet of stormwater in a
subsurface infiltration basin and
will provide recreational
upgrades to the Park.
Feasibility Study Dominguez
Channel
Source: Safe Clean Water Program Project Portal, accessed July 2024, https://portal.safecleanwaterla.org/scw-reporting/map.
Los Angeles RWQCB Basin Plan
The city falls within the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board’s (RWQCB) region and Basin Plan.16 The Basin Plan (1) designates beneficial uses for surface waters and ground waters, (2) sets narrative and numerical objectives that must be met to protect the beneficial uses and conform to the state’s antidegradation policy, and ( 3) describes implementation programs to protect all waters in the RWQCB region. The Los Angeles RWQCB Basin Plan provides all relevant information necessary to carry out federal mandates for the antidegradation policy, 303(d) listing of impaired waters, related TMDLs, and information about NPDES and Waste Discharge Requirement permit limits.
15 Safe Clean Water Program, About Us, accessed July 2024, https://safecleanwaterla.org/about-us/. 16 Water Boards, 2020, Basin Plan for the Coastal Watersheds of Los Angeles and Ventura Counties, Table 2-2, https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/losangeles/water_issues/programs/basin_plan/basin_plan_documentation.html.
Chapter 7 Infrastructure
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 7-17
Total Maximum Daily Loads
Once a water body has been listed as impaired on the 303(d) list, a TMDL for the relevant pollutant(s) must be developed for that water body. A TMDL is an estimate of the daily load of pollutants that a water body could receive from point sources, nonpoint sources, and natural background conditions (including an appropriate margin of safety) , without exceeding its water quality standard. The facilities and activities that discharge into the water body must not , collectively, exceed the TMDL. In general term s, MS4 s and other dischargers within each watershed are collectively responsible for meeting the required reductions and other TMDL requirements by the assigned deadline.
Identifying water quality priorities is a main component of the EWMP process because the MS4 Permit requires that water quality characterization, water body pollutants, and source assessments be prioritized. The MS4 Permit describes three categories of priority:
• Category 1: Highest Priority
- Water body pollutants with an established TMDL in the MS4 Permit. • Category 2: High Priority
- Pollutants that indicate water quality impairment according to the State’s Water Quality Control Policy 303(d) list and MS4 discharges that could be contributing to water quality impairment.
• Category 3: Medium Priority
- Pollutants that have exceeded applicable receiving water limitations in the MS4 Permit but have insufficient data to indicate they contribute to water quality impairment or exceedance in the receiving water(s).
Table 7-11 lists the 303(d) impairments and TMDLs relevant to the City.
In addition, the California State Water Resources Control Board (State Board) has adopted the statewide Trash Provisions 17 that require implementation of BMPs to mitigate or abate trash in Priority Land Use a reas. Priority Land Use s are defined in the Trash Provisions as, “high density residential, industrial, commercial, mixed urban, and public transportation stations.” The Trash Provisions establish a statewide water quality objective to ensure that surface waters that enter storm drains and eventually flow to major waterways are free of trash. State and Regional Water Board MS4 permits have or will contain trash control implementation requirements and compliance milestones to demonstrate progress toward 100 percent compliance with the Trash Provisions. The City is currently undergoing and implementing this process through the Los Angeles RWQCB requirements.
17 State Water Resources Control Board, Statewide Storm Water Program, Trash Implementation Program, accessed July 2024, https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/trash_implementation.html.
Chapter 7 Infrastructure
Table 7-11 List of 303(d) Impairments and TMDLs
Water Body / Channel List of 303(d) Impairments TMDL
Dominguez Channel Copper, Indicator Bacteria, Lead, Toxicity, Zinc
LA Harbor Waters
Toxic Pollutants TMDL
Dominguez Channel Estuary
Benthic Community Effects,
Benzo(a)anthracene, Benzo(a)pyrene,
Chlordane (tissue), Chrysene (C1-C4),
Copper, DDT (tissue and sediment), Dieldrin
(tissue), Indicator Bacteria, Lead, PCBs,
Phenanthrene, Pyrene, Toxicity,
LA Harbor Waters
Toxic Pollutants TMDL
Los Angeles Harbor -
Consolidated Slip
2-Methylnaphthalene, Benthic Community
Effects, Benzo(a)anthracene,
Benzo(a)pyrene, Cadmium (sediment),
Chlordane (tissue & sediment), Chromium,
Chrysene (C1-C4), Copper (sediment), DDT
(tissue & sediment), Dieldrin, Lead
(sediment), Mercury (sediment), PCBs
(tissue & sediment), Phenanthrene, Pyrene,
Toxaphene (tissue), Toxicity, Zinc (sediment)
LA Harbor Waters
Toxic Pollutants TMDL,
Bacteria TMDL
Los Angeles/Long Beach Inner
Harbor
Benthic Community Effects, Benzo(a)pyrene,
Chrysene (C1-C4), Copper, DDT, PCBs,
Toxicity, Zinc
LA Harbor Waters
Toxic Pollutants TMDL,
Bacteria TMDL
Los Angeles/Long Beach Outer
Harbor DDT, PCBs, Toxicity
LA Harbor Waters
Toxic Pollutants TMDL,
Bacteria TMDL
Ballona Creek Copper, Cyanide, Indicator Bacteria, Lead, Toxicity, Trash, Viruses (enteric), Zinc
Metals TMDL, Bacteria
TMDL, Trash TMDL,
Ballona Creek Estuary
Cadmium, Chlordane, Copper, DDT,
Indicator Bacteria, Lead, PAHs, PCBs, Silver,
Toxicity, Zinc
Toxics TMDL, Bacteria
TMDL,
Santa Monica Bay
Offshore/Nearshore Arsenic, DDT, Mercury, PCBs, Trash Trash TMDL, Toxics TMDL
Source: California Water Boards, 2020-2022 Integrated Report (303(d) List/305(b) Report). https://gispublic.waterboards.ca.gov/portal/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=6cca2a3a1815465599201266373cbb7b.
Chapter 7 Infrastructure
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 7-19
Groundwater Conditions
The city lies within the Coastal Plain of Los Angeles Groundwater Basin and specifically under the adjudicated West Coast Groundwater Subbasin (West Coast Basin) and Central Groundwater Subbasin (Central Basin) , as depicted on Figure 7 -6 18 The Water Replenishment District of Southern California (WRD) is responsible for maintaining and replenishing both the West Coast Basin and Central Basin. To maintain groundwater quality, WRD conducts an extensive monitoring program that serves and manages each basin’s groundwater production, contamination, and compliance with all required laws and regulations. Additionally, to ensure accurate data, WRD uses depth-specific (nested) monitoring wells that tap discrete aquifer zones. In the most recent Regional Groundwater Monitoring Report,19 WRD presents water quality results from the 22 WRD nested monitoring wells (112 individual wells zones) during the 2022 -2023 water year. WRD collected hundreds of samples from these wells and concluded that groundwater in its service area is of generally good quality and suitable for use, noting that any localized areas with marginal to poor water quality can be treated and utilized as potable water.
Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
The California Sustainable Groundwater Management Act is a three-bill package signed into law in 2014 that creates a framework for the management of groundwater sources throughout the state. Under the act , local agencies form groundwater sustainability agencies and create groundwater sustainability plans for basins designated as high and medium priority. Other than annual reporting, the act does not apply to existing adjudicated areas, such as the West Coast and Central Basin, because they have existing court -mandated governance, oversight, and management in place. Furthermore, local agencies in low - or very-low-priority basins, like the West Coast Basin and Central Basin, are not required to form groundwater sustainability agencies or develop groundwater sustainability plans, but may do so voluntarily. They may also develop groundwater management plans to actively manage their groundwater resources, as noted previously with the Los Angeles RWQCB’s Basin Management Plan.
18 California Department of Water Resources, Groundwater Basin Boundary Assessment Tool, https://gis.water.ca.gov/app/bbat/.
19 Water Replenishment District of Southern California, Regional Groundwater Monitoring Report, March 2024, https://www.wrd.org/files/1d9397197/Regional+Groundwater+Monitoring+Report+2022-2023.pdf.
Chapter 7 Infrastructure
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 7-21
7.4 Findings
7.4.1 Community Outreach Feedback
During the outreach activities conducted by the project team, several comments were provided by stakeholders on the city’s wet infrastructure. Commenters expressed a desire for water conservation activities, including rainwater capture, the reuse of water, and the planting of native species that are drought tolerant and are less reliant on water use. A desire to improve the quality of the city’s drinking water was also expressed.
7.4.2 Implications for Planning
Water
Overall, water demands within the city have been estimated at 9,132 AFY for the City’s water utility department as of 2020. Existing water demands for the remaining 14 percent of the City serviced by GSWC Southwest and CAWC are unavailable. As shown in the City’s 2015 WMP, the water infrastructure system effectively conveys these demands. The overall distribution system was found to be in good condition, and the Master Plan identifies several capital improvement projects and recommendations to address any c urrent or projected water system deficiencies.
Groundwater and imported water are the supply sources for all three water purveyors. Each water purveyor pumps groundwater from either the West Coast or Central Subbasin and purchases imported water through Metropolitan Water District connections.
Wastewater
Overall, existing sewer flows have been estimated through the City’s 2017 Sewer Master Plan at an average flow of 0.273 million gallons per day (mgd) and peak flow of 0.546 mgd. The existing sewer infrastructure system effectively convey these existing flo ws, but some deficiencies exist.
The City has CIP programs in place to address deficiencies in the City’s sewer system.
Stormwater and Water Quality
In summary, storm drainage throughout the city is conveyed via local catch basins and storm drain facilities that are owned and maintained by the City, LACFCD, and Caltrans. Local storm drain facilities convey flows to LACFCD regional storm drain facilities. These facilities tend to be large - diameter pipes, reinforced concrete boxes, and trapezoidal flood control channels.
Chapter 7 Infrastructure
Additionally, the city sits partly in the Dominguez Channel Watershed and partly in the Ballona Creek Watershed and discharges into several receiving water bodies , each of which has its own TMDLs. The City also overlies the West Coast and Central Groundwater Basins, which have prescribed beneficial uses and water quality objectives. Future projects that meet certain water quality thresholds must follow the development requirements of the Los Angeles County MS4 Permit, which includes incorporating low -impact development BMPs into individual projects to help protect water quality in receiving waters.
Public Services
& Facilities
8 January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 8-1
8 PUBLIC SERVICES AND FACILITIES
Public services and facilities in Inglewood include parks, recreational areas and programs, schools, and fire and police services. It is essential that public services and facilities are adequate to service the entire community in an equitable and sustainable manner. This chapter examines the current conditions and context for the City’s public services and facilities, summarizes comments provided by City stakeholders on those services and facilities during the public engagement activities described in Chapter 1, and notes implications for updating the City’s General Plan.
8.1 Parks and Recreation
Parks, recreation, and open space are important components of the quality of life for the residents of Inglewood. The City’s Recreation and Cultural Division provides leisure programs at parks and recreation centers. The Division offers diverse cultural events, sports activities , and enrichment classes for individuals of all ages.
Edward Vincent Park
There are ten public parks in the City of Inglewood. The City’s Parks, Recreation and Community Services Department also maintains the historic Centinela Adobe and its grounds as a historic landmark and museum.
Inglewood's three largest parks, Edward Vincent Park, Darby Park, and Rogers Park, provide a full offering of recreational and community facilities. Ashwood Park also offers an array of athletic facilities. Circle Park and Grevillea Park have no recreational facilities , serving as passive recreational parks. Each park maintained by the City of Inglewood, including the kinds of facilities
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
featured in each one as of August 2024, is listed in Table 8-1, Inglewood Parks, and depicted on Figure 8-1, Park Location and Walkshed.
Table 8-1 Inglewood Parks
Name Address Facilities Acres
Ashwood Park 201 S Ash Avenue
Inglewood, CA 90301
1 full basketball court
1 volleyball court
1 wading pool
2 picnic areas
2 playgrounds
2 tennis courts
1 restroom/office building
1.3 Center Park 3660 W 111th Street
Inglewood, CA 90301
1 multi-purpose playing field
1 playground
1 restroom
1.2 Centinela Adobe 7634 Midfield Avenue
Los Angeles, CA 90045
1 museum w/ restrooms
1 office building 1
Circle Park 8300 Fifth Avenue
Inglewood, CA 90301
1 field
1 fountain 1.3
Darby Park
3400 W Arbor Vitae
Street
Inglewood, CA 90301
1 outdoor handball court
1 paddle tennis court
1 skate park
1 wading pool
2 freestanding restrooms
2 multipurpose sports fields
2 picnic areas
2 playgrounds
2 tennis courts
4 half-basketball courts
1 multipurpose recreation building
14 Edward Vincent Park 700 Warren Lane
Inglewood, CA 90301
1 pool complex
1 pump track
2 full basketball courts
2 lighted and fenced football/soccer
fields
2 lighted and fenced softball fields
3 parking lots
3 picnic areas
5 playgrounds
6 freestanding restroom facilities
8 tennis courts
1 outdoor amphitheater
1 park maintenance building
1 community playhouse w/ restrooms
1 multipurpose facility w/ restrooms
1 Veteran’s Memorial Building
55 Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 8-3
Table 8-1 Inglewood Parks
Name Address Facilities Acres
Grevillea Park 231 S Grevillea Avenue
Inglewood, CA 90301
1 field 1.5
North Park 625 E Hargrave Street
Inglewood, CA 90301
1 picnic area
2 playgrounds
3 tennis court
2.3 Queen Park 652 E Queen Street
Inglewood, CA 90301
1 picnic area
1 playground
1 restrooms
1 wading pool
1.1 Rogers Park 400 W Beach Avenue
Inglewood, CA 90301
1 full basketball court
1 football/soccer field
1 Little League baseball field
1 picnic area
1 playground
1 restroom
1 wading pool
2 tennis courts
1 Multipurpose Recreation Building
9 Siminski Park
9717 Inglewood
Avenue
Inglewood, CA 90301
1 full basketball court
2 picnic areas
2 playgrounds
1.9 Total 89.6
Source: City of Inglewood, https://www.cityofinglewood.org/Facilities, accessed August 19, 2024.
8.1.1 Park Classifications
1995 Open Space Element Classifications
One park in Inglewood (Edward Vincent Park) is categorized as a large park in the 1995 Open Space Element, and two additional parks (Darby Park and Rogers Parks) are categorized as medium parks. The remaining parks are classified as small parks. The City’s park classifications are described in Table 8-2.
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
Table 8-2 Park Classifications
Park Classification Description Service Area
Small Parks
Includes very small recreation areas like tot lots,
pocket parks, and playgrounds. These parks are
limited in size and the types of amenities that can be
provided.
0.33 mile
Medium Parks
Midsized parks that strive to provide amenities that
meet a wide variety of needs. May include
playgrounds, picnic areas, basketball courts, and
sports fields.
0.50 mile
Large Parks
Designed to provide active recreation and structured
activities. Typically offers a wide range of amenities, including a central focus like a sports field.
1 mile
Community Facilities and
Programs
Includes indoor recreation facilities such as
recreation centers, youth centers, adult centers Citywide Source: City of Inglewood, 1995 Open Space Element.
8.1.2 Park Need
Park need is traditionally measured with a single metric, such as the number of acres of parkland available to residents, or the percentage of residents living within walking distance of a park.
The City’s 1995 Open Space Element “encourages” the City to reestablish its 1970 parkland -to- population ratio of 1 acre of park space per 1,000 residents. At present, 89.6 acres of the city are utilized as parkland. With its current population of 102,865 persons, the city would require 103 acres of parkland to meet this 1 acre per 1,000 residents ratio.
A playground in Inglewood
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 8-5
The 1995 Open Space Element applied a 1-mile service radius for Edward Vincent Park, given its status of a Large Park . A 0.5 -mile radius was applied to medium size parks (typically about 10 acres); and a 0.33-mile radius was applied to small parks under 2 acres. Using these service radii, the element identifies two major areas of the c ity lacking in parkland: Southwest Inglewood and the Lockhaven Neighborhood.
For comparison, the c ity of Lawndale’s 2023 Existing Conditions Report for its General Plan provides a goal of 2.5 acres of parkland per 1,000 residents, and the city of Gardena’s Municipal Code requires a dedication of land or payment of fees based on a minimum of 3 acres of parkland per 1,000 residents. Finally, Culver City’s service standard aims to provide 10 acres of park space per 1,000 residents, with 1 acre per 1,000 residents able to be satisfied with joint use agreements with the local school dist rict and another 6 acres per 1,000 residents able to be satisfied by regional parks.
The current walksheds of Inglewood’s existing public parks are illustrated on Figure 8-1.
Regional Parks
The appropriate distance to a park varies depending on the size and purpose of the park. Regional Parks may attract visitors within an hour’s drive time. By comparison, the Los Angeles County 2022 Comprehensive Parks and Recreation Needs Assessment+ utilizes a 0.5 -mile walking and a 2.5 - mile cycling distance to regional recreation areas, calculated along the walkable road/pedestrian network. Other forms of access are calculated through a 5 -mile driving radius, as well as public transit stops within 0.5 mile of a park entrance.
The nearest Regional Recreation Park to Inglewood is the Kenneth Hahn State Recreation Area.
This Recreation Area is 401 acres in size, and its southeastern entrance is approximately 1.07 miles from Inglewood’s northern boundary. The presence of this Recreation Area increases northwestern Inglewood’s access to parkland.
8.1.3 Park Sustainability
Parkland sustainability can be achieved through multiple methods. For instance, Lake Park provides 12 acres of privately owned public open space in Inglewood immediately south of SoFi Stadium. Lake Park features several sustainable park practices, such as Southern California native plant species. By using plant species from California’s biogeographic zones, such as desert flora, low-elevation chaparral, and riparian ecosystems, the overall water demand for the site is lessened.
This use of native plants also encourages the return of native wildlife. The centerpiece of Lake Park is the six- acre Rivers Lake. Rivers Lake functions as a water recycling system by collecting stormwater runoff from its surroundings and filtering it through natural wetlands and mechanical systems, which are then used to irrigate Lake Park.
LA County 2024, PlaceWorks 2024
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 8-7
Lake Park
City-owned parks can also feature sustainability features such as electric vehicle (EV) charging stations where parking is provided. Solar panels can also be installed over parking areas to offset electrical usage of City-owned facilities and reduce carbon emissions. The planting of additional trees can also counteract high temperatures and provide cleaner air through carbon dioxide absorption. Artificial water features in City -owned parks can use recycled water rather than potable water to increase sustain ability. City -owned parks can also utilize native, climate - appropriate, and drought-tolerant plantings that help mitigate heat island effect, maximize carbon sequestration, reduce water usage, promote diverse ecologies, and benefit pollinators.
Community Facilities
The City of Inglewood Recreation and Cultural Division also provides multipurpose and community buildings within its parks, as described in Table 8-1. Darby Park and Roger’s Park both feature multipurpose buildings. The two other community centers in Inglewood are listed in Table 8-3. The Lockhaven Center at 11125 Doty Avenue acts as the city’s primary community center, while the Senior Center at 111 Locust Street serves Inglewood’s senior citizens.
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
Table 8-3 Community Centers
Name Address Facilities Square
Feet
Lockhaven Center 11125 Doty Avenue
Inglewood, CA 90301
1 building
1 playground 13,000
Senior Center 111 N. Locust Street
Inglewood, CA 90301
1 Veteran's Memorial Building, with
offices, dining room, outdoor patio
and restrooms.
17,500
Source: City of Inglewood, https://www.cityofinglewood.org/Facilities, accessed August 19, 2024.
Senior Center
The Inglewood Senior Center was founded in 1975 to provide activities and services for active senior citizens as well those who are homebound. The City opened a new Senior Center in 2018.
Inglewood Senior Center
The Center is also the focal point for social services for the Inglewood, Hawthorne , and Lennox catchment area. Activities, classes, clubs , and support groups are open to persons 50 years or older. Most offerings are free of charge. In general, the Center provides the following services:
• Transportation
• Congregate meals
• Home-delivered meals
• Care management
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 8-9
• Information, referrals and assistance
The Senior Center ’s home delivered meals program (Meals-on-Wheels) serves seniors who are homebound because of illness, age, or frailty. Senior citizens may also participate in the Food Distribution Program sponsored by the Los Angeles Regional Food Bank.
Care Management is a program that provides support and services to frail and disabled seniors and adults. The goal is to put services in place to enable them to live as independently as possible, avoiding inappropriate institutionalization. This includes s ervices for caregivers as well as for senior (ages 60+) caregivers who are caring for a minor child or children. These services include:
• Client intakes and assessments
• Referrals to needed services, which may include medical evaluation • Legal assistance
• Behavior management
• Transportation
• Supportive counseling
• Support groups for caregivers
8.2 Libraries
This section describes the City of Inglewood’s existing library services. Information for this section is derived from the City of Inglewood’s website, other online sources, and communication with staff at the City’s Department of Parks and Recreation.
8.2.1 Collections and Services
There are three library facilities in Inglewood and operated by the City’s Department of Parks and Recreation. These libraries are listed in Table 8 -4 and are shown on Figure 8-2, Public Libraries.
The City’s library resources as of August 2024 include:
• Approximately 1,500 magazine subscriptions.
• A broad collection of pamphlets, road maps, commercial catalogs, and company and government agency annual reports.
• More than 400,000 volumes at the Main Library and branches. - More than 150,000 books for youth at the Main Library and branches. • A collection of DVDs and CDs.
• Professional Librarians all hours the Main Library is open. • Storytimes, Crafts, STEM Programs, Puppet Shows, and other special programs at the Main Library and Crenshaw-Imperial Branch Library.
LA County 2024, PlaceWorks 2024
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 8-11
• Electronic media such as comics, magazines, e -books, audiobooks, movies, music, and newspapers.
• Online resources pertaining to business, digital literacy, jobs, entertainment, newspapers and magazines.
Inglewood Main Library
In general, the number of books is considered adequate by the City’s Department of Parks and Recreation. However, the current space configurations of the three libraries presents challenges for programs and general public use, according to the City’s Department of Parks and Recreation.
This in turn affects the delivery of efficient, quality services due to lack of technology, outdated infrastructure, and noise.
Main Library
The Main Inglewood Public Library currently operates in a 51-year-old landmark building with an increasing demand for services. However, the interior space; program design; and mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems are outdated and often inoperable, according to the Department of Parks and Recreation . The Main Inglewood Library is planned to be upgraded to reconfigure the building to better meet the needs of the public, with an emphasis on future flexibility, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. Key features of this update include a new entry, upgraded elevators, modernized public bathrooms, noise improvements, and more meeting rooms and multipurpose spaces.
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
Crenshaw-Imperial Branch Library
The Crenshaw-Imperial Branch Library is at 11141 Crenshaw Boulevard. The Crenshaw -Imperial Branch Library was originally opened in 1965. This facility is a single-story building approximately 7,600 square feet in size, and serves southeastern Inglewood. Like the Main Library, the Crenshaw- Imperial Branch Library provides reference, readers' advisory, and programming for adults, teens, and children.
Morningside Park Branch Library
The Morningside Park Branch Library at 3202 West 85th Street ceased regular operations in December 2010. It is approximately 2,600 square feet and is currently undergoing a renovation that will expand the branch by 850 square feet. After this renovation, the Morningside Park Branch Library will be open only for special Library events.
Table 8-4 Library Facilities
Name Address Books Square Feet
Inglewood Main
Library
101 West Manchester Boulevard
Inglewood, CA 90301 107,799 77,300
Crenshaw-Imperial
Branch Library
11141 South Crenshaw Boulevard
Inglewood, CA 90303 34,982 13,000
Morningside Park
Branch Library
3202 W. 85th Street
Inglewood, CA 90305 7,037 2,600
Source: City of Inglewood, 2024.
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 8-13
8.3 Schools
The City of Inglewood is primarily served by the Inglewood Unified School District (IUSD). A small portion of southwest Inglewood is served by the Lennox School District. The location of these schools are shown in Figure 8-3, Schools.
Parent TK-8 School, Inglewood Unified School District
8.3.1 Inglewood Unified School District
IUSD is Inglewood’s primary public school district; it also serves portions of unincorporated Los Angeles County, including the community of Ladera Heights and a portion of View Park-Windsor Hills, and a small portion of the City of Los Angeles is in the district boundaries. The enrollment for IUSD schools in Inglewood is shown in Table 8-5.
Table 8-5 IUSD Schools
School Grade
Level Address Enrollment
2022-2023
Enrollment
2023-2024 Capacity
Elementary Schools
Highland Elementary
School1 TK-6 430 Venice Way, Inglewood,
CA 90302 412 396 990
Hundall School1 TK-6 331 W Olive Street,
Inglewood, CA 90301 388 373 630
Kelso Elementary1 TK-6 809 E Kelso Street,
Inglewood, CA 90301 391 362 780
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
Table 8-5 IUSD Schools
School Grade
Level Address Enrollment
2022-2023
Enrollment
2023-2024 Capacity
TK – 8 Schools
Payne STEAM Academy P-8 215 W 94th Street,
Inglewood, CA 90301 669 562 1024
Centinela School TK-8 1123 Marlborough Avenue,
Inglewood, CA 90302 540 542 1230
Frank D. Parent TK-8 5354 W 64th Street,
Inglewood, CA 90302 356 293 1024
La Tijera TK-8 1415 N La Tijera Blvd,
Inglewood, CA 90302 604 554 1088
Oak Street TK-8 633 S Oak Street, Inglewood,
CA 90301 493 497 928
Woodworth-Monroe TK-8 10711 10th Avenue,
Inglewood, CA 90303 621 863 1696
Bennett-Kew P-8 11710 S Cherry Avenue,
Inglewood, CA 90303 426 470 900
Child Development
Center P 10409 10th Avenue,
Inglewood, CA 90303 - 135 274
Middle Schools
Crozier Middle School1 7-8 120 W Regent St,
Inglewood, CA 90301 306 298 748
High Schools
City Honors
International
Preparatory High
School
9-12 120 W Regent St, Inglewood,
CA 90301 289 343 612
Inglewood
Continuation High
School
9-12 231 S Grevillea Avenue,
Inglewood, CA 90301 84 69 156
Inglewood High School 9-12 231 S Grevillea Avenue,
Inglewood, CA 90301 827 767 1563
Morningside High
School1 9-12 10500 S Yukon Avenue,
Inglewood, CA 90303 535 475 694
Adult Schools
Inglewood Community
Adult School 9-12 120 W Regent St, Inglewood,
CA 90301 - 502 600
Source: IUSD, EdData, California Department of Education accessed December 9, 2024, https://www.ed-data.org/district/Los- Angeles/Inglewood-Unified.
Note: P stands for preschool, TK stands for transitional kindergarten, K stands for kindergarten, and numerical values represent each respective grade level.
1 Planned for closure in June 2025.
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 8-15
IUSD has experienced declining enrollment over the past ten years, from an enrollment of 10,959 students during the 2014/15 school year to 6,958 students in the 2023/2024 school year.
IUSD projected a declining enrollment over the next six years, with a projected 5,476 students in the 2029/30 school year. This is a total decline of 1,482 students from the current school year, a decrease of 21.3%. Based on current IUSD standards for classroom space, the District has a net classroom capacity of 12,293 students. This gives the District a current utilization factor of 56.6%.
The projected utilization factor in 2029/2030 will be 44.5%.
IUSD has been in State Receivership since 2012, when the State of California loaned IUSD $ 29 million. Since then, IUSD has been making the required annual debt payments of approximately $1.8 million each year. As of 2024, the outstanding loan balance was $21 million. Additionally, receivership status requires the District to pay $410,000 for an annual comprehensive review by the State-appointed Financial Crisis & Management Assistance Team (FCMAT). This annual review measures IUSD progress on 155 standards. To exit receivership, IUSD is required to meet a minimum score on all 155 standards that FCMAT reviews each year. This leads to a total payment of $2,210,000 each year.
Due to declining enrollment, the cost of payments, and increased operating costs (due to the age of IUSD facilities), IUSD has decided to close the following schools:
• Crozier Junior High. For the 2024-25 school year, Crozier will not accept incoming 7th grade students. For the 2025-26 school year, Crozier will remain open as an 8th grade only school.
The phased closure of Crozier will allow current 7th grade students to complete their 8th grade year at Crozier.
• Hudnall Elementary School (Transitional Kindergarten–Grade 6). Hudnall is planned for closure at the end of the 2024-25 school year. Hudnall is one of three schools in the District that does not offer a TK-8 program.
• Highland TK-6 School. Highland is planned for closure at the end of the 2024-25 school year.
Highland is one of three schools in the District that does not offer a TK-8 program. • Morningside High School. Morningside High is planned for closure at the end of the 2024-25 school year. The District reports that it is not possible to provide a comprehensive high school program with such a small student body. Extremely low enrollment res ults in limited course offerings and limited extracurricular and enrichment opportunities for students. • Kelso Elementary School (TK-6). Kelso is planned for closure at the end of the 2024-25 school year. Students and staff will move to the Daniel Freeman Warren Lane site, which will be re- opened as a TK-8 school. Kelso is one of three schools in the District that does not offer a TK- 8 program.
These changes will allow all IUSD primary schools to serve children from Transitional Kindergarten through 8th grade (TK-8).
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
Morningside High School
Planned Improvements
Regardless of declining enrollments, the continued aging of school infrastructure will require IUSD to continue making improvements to its remaining facilities. IUSD currently plans the following upgrades to its facilities:
• IUSD will open a new high school academy at the current City Honors/Crozier site. This will allow Inglewood students to have three options for their high school experience: Inglewood High, City Honors, or the new academy at the City Honors/Crozier site. • IUSD will invest $200 million to reconstruct Inglewood High School. The scope of this modernization project includes partial renovation of the Auditorium, Gymnasium Natatorium, and Classroom Buildings I and L ; seismic upgrade and renovation of Classroom Building M ; demolition of the Administration/Classroom Building and several outdated classroom buildings; site infrastructure improvements; and four new classroom, administration, cafeteria, and multi-purpose buildings.
• IUSD, in partnership with the City of Inglewood, will connect Inglewood High, City Honors, and the new academy with the City of Inglewood’s new library.
Aviation Blvd
Westchester Pky
S La Cienega Blvd
S W
estern Ave
Crenshaw Blvd
W 74Th St
N Nash St
S In
glewood Ave
e v A d o o w e l g n I
e v A s s e N n a V S
W 120Th St
e v A e i r i a r P
E Arbor Vitae StArbor Vitae St
Centinela Ave
Flower St
e v A a e r B a L S
N Prairie Ave
La Tijera Blvd
W Century Blvd
120Th St
W Florence Ave
S M
arket St
e v A e g a s O
N La Brea A
Hawthorne Blvd
E Florence Ave
e v A e i r i a r P S
E Imperial Hwy
W Arbor Vitae St
Imperial Hwy
N M
arket St
S La Tijera Blvd
Century Blvd
W Centinela Ave
W Imperial Hwy
Dominguez Channel
405
105
El Segundo
Los Angeles
Culver City
West AthensHawthorne
Del Aire
View Park-Windsor
Hills
Westmont
Ladera
Heights
Lennox
23 24
25 26
27 28
29 30
31 3233
34 35
36 37
38 17
14 15
13 16
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
18 19
22 20
21 Legend
Source:
Parks and Open Space
Roads
Freeways
Metro Rail Lines
Metro Rail Stations
City Boundary
Manchester Blvd
Figure 8-3
SCHOOLS
1/4 11/20
Miles
Charter Schools
Private Schools
Inglewood Unified School District
Lennox/LAUSD Inglewood Serving Schools
1 - Highland Elementary School
2 - Hundall School
3 - Kelso Elementary School
4 - Crozier Middle School
5 - Payne STEAM Academy
6 - Centinela School
7 - Frank D. Parent School
8 - La Tijera School
9 - Oak Street School
10 - Woodworth-Monroe School
11 - Bennett-Kew School
12 - Child Development Center
13 - City Honors International Prep.
High School
14 - Inglewood Continuation High
School
15 - Inglewood High School
16 - Morningside High School
17 - Inglewood Community Adult
School
18 - Jefferson Elementary
19 - Dolores Huerta Elementary
20 - Felton Elementary
21 - Moffett Elementary
22 - Century Park
23 - ICEF Inglewood Elementary Charter Academy
24 - Wilder’s Preparatory Academy Charter
25 - Wilder’s Preparatory Academy Charter Middle
26 - Grace Hopper STEM Academy
27 - Animo Inglewood Charter High
28 - Century Community Charter
29 - New Opportunities Charter
30 - Animo City of Champions Charter High
31 - Kids' Castle Child Care Center
32- A Bright Beginning
33 - A Bright Beginning CDC
34 - Dolores T Richardson School
35 - St. John Chrysostom
36 - CORE 4 Learning Launchpad
37 - Slauson Learning Center, No. 2
38 - St. Mary's Academy
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
8.3.2 Other Public School Districts
A portion of southwest Inglewood (generally those areas south of Century Boulevard and west of Prairie Avenue) fall within the boundaries of the Lennox School District. The Lennox School District serves preschool through Grade 8.
Four elementary schools in the Lennox School District, Jefferson Elementary , Dolores Huerta Elementary, Felton Elementary and Moffett Elementary are located in the unincorporated community of Lennox but also serve the school -aged populations of portions of southwest Inglewood. These schools are listed in Table 8-6.
A portion of southeastern Inglewood (generally those blocks bounded by 108 th Street, Van Ness
Avenue, Imperial Highway, and Spinning Avenue) are served by the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD). There is one elementary school in this neighborhood of Inglewood, the Century Park Elementary School. This school is also listed in Table 8-6.
Table 8-6 Lennox and LAUSD – Inglewood Serving Schools
School Grade
Level Address Enrollment
2023-2024 Capacity
Jefferson Elementary K - 5 10322 Condon Avenue, Lennox
CA 90304 761 -
Dolores Huerta
Elementary K - 5 4125 West 105th Street,
Lennox CA 90304 527 -
Felton Elementary K - 5 10417 Felton Avenue,
Lennox CA 90304-1709 370 -
Moffett Elementary K - 5 11050 Larch Avenue,
Lennox CA 90304-1419 661 -
Century Park K - 5 10935 South Spinning Avenue,
Inglewood CA 90303-2599 280 -
Source: EdData, accessed December 9, 2024, https://www.ed-data.org/school/Los-Angeles/Lennox/.
Note: P stands for preschool, TK stands for transitional kindergarten, K stands for kindergarten, and numerical values represent each respective grade level.
8.3.3 Private and Charter Schools
A private school is a private business or nonprofit entity that offers or conducts full -time instruction with a full complement of subjects at the elementary, middle, or high school level.
Private schools function outside the jurisdiction of the California Department of Education (CDE) and most state education regulations. Private schools do not participate in California’s educational accountability system and are directly accountable to students and their parents or guardians, based on the terms of the private school enrollment contract. Private schools offer a range of educational services for their students and have their own admission standards, curricula, and graduation requirements.
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 8-19
There are eight private school s in Inglewood. Three of these schools (Kid’s Castle Child Care Center, A Bright Beginning, and A Bright Beginning CDC) are private kindergartens. Another four schools (Dolores T. Richard School, St. John Chrysostom, CORE 4 Learning Launchpad, and Slauson Learning Center, No. 2) are private elementary or K – 10 schools. One school, St. Mary’s Academy, is a private high school.
Table 8-7 Private Schools
School Grade
Level Address Enrollment
2023-2024 Capacity
Kids' Castle Child Care
Center K 745 N. La Brea Ave.
Inglewood, CA 90302 17 -
A Bright Beginning K 2440 West Manchester
Inglewood, CA 90305 200 -
A Bright Beginning CDC K 712 E Manchester Blvd
Inglewood, CA 90301 55 -
Dolores T Richardson
School K - 6 8420 South Crenshaw Blvd
Inglewood, CA 90305 85 -
St. John Chrysostom K - 8 530 East Florence Ave.
Inglewood, CA 90301 235 -
CORE 4 Learning
Launchpad K - 4 701 Walnut St. Unit A
Inglewood, CA 90301 7 -
Slauson Learning Center,
No. 2 K - 10 260 North Locust St.
Inglewood, CA 90301 62 -
St. Mary's Academy 9 - 12 701 Grace Ave.
Inglewood, CA 9030 235 -
Source: California Department of Education, Private School Data, accessed December 9, 2024, https://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/si/ps/ Note: P stands for preschool, TK stands for transitional kindergarten, K stands for kindergarten, and numerical values represent each respective grade level.
A charter school is a public school that may provide instruction in any combination of grades .
Parents, teachers, or community members may initiate a charter petition, which is typically presented to and approved by a local school district governing board. The specific goals and operating procedures for a charter school are detailed in the agreement (also referred to as the charter, petition, or charter petition) between the authorizing entity and the school’s organizers.
Charter status frees the school from many of the state statutes and regulations that apply to school districts.
There are also five schools associated with IUSD , but operated independently, that are charter schools. These schools include: ICEF Inglewood Elementary Charter Academy, Wilder’s Preparatory Academy Charter, Grace Hopper STEM Academy, Wilder’s Preparatory Academy Charter Middle, and Animo Inglewood Charter High. In addition, there are three charter schools located in the City of Inglewood which are affiliated with other school districts. The Century Community Charter is associated with the Lennox School District. The New Opportunities Charter is associated with the Centinela Valley Union High School District. Finally, the Animo City of Champions Charter High is associated with the Los Angeles County Office of Education.
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
Table 8-8 Charter Schools
School Grade
Level Address Enrollment
2023-2024 Capacity
ICEF Inglewood
Elementary Charter
Academy
K-5 434 South Grevillea Avenue,
Inglewood CA 90301 375 402
Wilder’s Preparatory
Academy Charter K-7 830 North La Brea Avenue,
Inglewood CA 90302 396 420
Wilder’s Preparatory
Academy Charter Middle 6-8 830 North La Brea Avenue,
Inglewood CA 90302 195 201
Grace Hopper STEM
Academy 6-8 601 Grace Avenue, Inglewood
CA 90301 70 80
Animo Inglewood
Charter High 9-12
3425 West Manchester
Boulevard, Inglewood, CA
90305
621 610
Century Community
Charter 6 - 8 901 South Maple St.
Inglewood, CA 90301 450 -
New Opportunities
Charter 9 - 12
110 South La Brea Avenue
Suite 305A, Inglewood CA
90301
342 -
Animo City of
Champions Charter High 9 - 12 9330 South Eighth Ave.
Inglewood 90305 303 -
Source: EdData, accessed December 9, 2024, https://www.ed-data.org/school/Los-Angeles/Lennox/. https://www.ed- data.org/district/Los-Angeles/Centinela-Valley-Union-High, https://www.ed-data.org/district/Los-Angeles/Inglewood-Unified Note: P stands for preschool, TK stands for transitional kindergarten, K stands for kindergarten, and numerical values represent each respective grade level.
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 8-21
8.4 Police
This section describes the City of Inglewood’s existing police protection services—current staffing, equipment, response times, and standards as well as their ability to meet the current needs of the city. Information in this section is provided by the Inglewood Police Department and other sources.
8.4.1 Staffing and Equipment
The City of Inglewood Police Department is responsible for protecting residents and property within the city limits. The department is headquartered at 1 Manchester Boulevard, Inglewood, CA 90301. The full list of stations is in Table 8-9, and they are shown on Figure 8-4, Police Stations.
Table 8-9 Inglewood Police Department Stations
Station/Substation Location
Headquarters 1 Manchester Boulevard
Inglewood, CA 90301
Police Community Center, Beat 1
949 North La Brea Avenue
Inglewood, CA 90301
Police Community Center, Beat 2 TBA1
Inglewood, CA 90301
Police Community Center, Beat 3 2901 W Manchester
Inglewood, CA 90305
Police Community Center, Beat 4 2640 B West Imperial Highway Inglewood, CA 90303
Source: Inglewood Police Department, 2024.
1 A physical address for Beat 2 has not been established.
With a 2023 population estimate of 102,865, th e City currently has a ratio of approximately 1 officer per 1,000 residents. The department is authorized to employ 199 sworn officers and 76 nonsworn positions, not including part-time positions. However, the department currently reports deficiencies in staffing levels, with 29 sworn and 18 civilian vacancies as of May 2024 . The department uses 165 police vehicles. Additionally, updated or additional equipment may be needed to maintain optimal service levels as the population and demands on police services grow.
Figure 8-4
POLICE STATIONS
LA County 2024, PlaceWorks 2024
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 8-23
Inglewood Police, Beat 3
The department consists of several divisions, including the Detective Bureau, Patrol Bureau, Special Services, and Administrative Services.
The Detective Bureau includes two main teams, one for crimes against persons and another for crimes against property, and handles investigations and forensics analysis for homicide, assault, child abuse, missing persons, burglary, theft, and economic crimes.
The Patrol Bureau is the largest division in the department and provides 24-hour emergency and nonemergency services over four geographical beats. Patrol consists of various specially trained teams, including communications, K -9 Unit, Traffic Unit, Bike Te am, and Special Enforcement Team.
The Special Services Bureau is responsible for the management of the City’s Homeland Security Division and Support Operations Division. It manages the City’s fleet and also manages special events, entertainment venues, film/event permits, and alcohol beverage control.
Administrative Services handles the d epartment’s records, background unit, fiscal services, personnel/recruitment, grant, contracts, and invoices.
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
Performance Standards
The Inglewood Police Department continually evaluates and plans for improvements in police services. This includes recruiting and retaining more officers to fill existing vacancies, expand community outreach programs, and invest in new technologies and equipment to enhance operational efficiency and effectiveness. Table 8-10 illustrates the existing performance standards for Inglewood PD.
Table 8-10 Inglewood Police Response Times
Call Type Overall Time in Minutes/Seconds
(from receipt of call to arrival on-site)
Priority One Calls 8 minutes
Priority Two Calls 12 minutes
Other call types 19 minutes
Source: Inglewood Police Department, 2024.
Crime Statistics
Crime rates and statistics for Inglewood are regularly documented and reported to the National Incident-Based Reporting System and CrimeMapping.com. This online tool provides the public with valuable information about neighborhood criminal activity. By accessing this platform, residents of Inglewood can view detailed, up -to-date maps showing the locations and types of recent crimes. This resource empowers community members with knowledge that can help them make informed decisions about their safety and stay aware of trends in local crime. Tables 8-11 and 8-12 show the City’s violent crime rates and property crime rates for the years 2019, 2020, and 2022. Reported crimes which are resolved through arrest or other means are deemed “cleared.”
Table 8-11 Violent Crime Rates
Type 2019
Reported
2019
Cleared
2020
Reported
2020
Cleared
2022
Reported
2022
Cleared
Homicide 2 2 14 4 17 8
Rape 51 13 43 14 54 9
Robbery 358 61 264 68 293 30
Assault-Aggravated 260 78 358 118 320 60
Total 671 154 679 107 684 107
Source: https://cde.ucr.cjis.gov/LATEST/webapp/#/pages/explorer/crime/crime-trend, accessed August 19, 2024.
Note: Due to the full transition to the National Incident-Based Reporting System and the lack of data for agencies that are not fully transitioned, the 2021 data year cannot be added to the 5-, 10- or 20-year trend presentations that are based in traditional methodologies used with summary data.
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 8-25
Table 8-12 Property Crime Rates
Type 2019
Reported
2019
Cleared
2020
Reported
2020
Cleared
2022
Reported
2022
Cleared
Burglary 308 23 337 14 312 7
Arson 8 1 19 2 20 0
Larceny-theft 1,356 65 1,269 27 1,569 9
Motor Vehicle theft 657 30 889 31 1,102 19
Total 2,321 118 2,495 72 2,983 35
Source: https://cde.ucr.cjis.gov/LATEST/webapp/#/pages/explorer/crime/crime-trend, accessed August 19, 2024.
Note: Due to the full transition to the National Incident-Based Reporting System and the lack of data for agencies that are not fully transitioned, the 2021 data year cannot be added to the 5-, 10- or 20-year trend presentations that are based in traditional methodologies used with summary data.
Existing Programs and Services
The following programs increase public awareness of the police department’s activities:
• National Night Out is an annual community -building campaign that promotes police - community partnerships and neighborhood camaraderie to make our neighborhoods safer and more caring places to live. It enhances the relationship between neighbors and law enforcement while restoring a true sense of community. Furthermore, it provides a great opportunity to bring police and neighbors together under positive circumstances. • Coffee with a Cop brings police officers and the community members they serve together over coffee to discuss issues and learn more about each other. • The Community Police Academy is a 10 -week program designed to familiarize Inglewood residents and merchants with the inner workings of the Police Department. Many of the graduates go on to be volunteers for the Police Department. • Neighborhood Watch (Block Clubs) have been the primary component of crime prevention strategies. Neighbors are encouraged to organize and to look after one another. Block clubs are formed as a mechanism that permits residents to actively participate in safeguarding their neighborhoods.
• The Inglewood Police Department's social media presence fosters communication, transparency, and community engagement. Through platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, the department educates the public on safety tips and promotes community events to enhance public knowledge and involvement. Recognizing community contributions and supporting recruitment further strengthens the department's public image. Overall, the Inglewood Police Department's social media efforts are integral to maintaining a collaborative and informed relationship with the community.
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
Funding
Funding for planned improvements primarily comes from the City’s General Fund and various grant funding opportunities. The department actively seeks state and federal grants to support specific initiatives, such as technology upgrades and community policing programs.
8.5 Fire
This section describes the City of Inglewood ’s existing fire protection and emergency services — current staffing, equipment, response times, and standards as well as the ability to meet the current needs of the city. Information in this section is provided by the Los Angeles County Fire Department’s website and other online sources.
8.5.1 Fire Service Provider
The City of Inglewood contracts with the Los Angeles County Fire Department (LA County Fire) for fire services within the city limits. It is the responsibility of LA County Fire to respond to fire emergencies in the city, including structures and vehicles . LA County Fire’s services are paid for through fees for engineering and building plan reviews, as well as parcel and tract map plan reviews. As of November 1, 2018, the Los Angeles County Fire Department has updated and added new fees for Fire Prevention/Life Safety Services.
Fire Stations, Staffing, and Equipment
LA County Fire’s Division VI, Battalion 20 , is the primary responder for medical and fire emergencies in Inglewood. Battalion 20’s headquarters is Station 171 on West Regent Street, and other fire stations throughout the city include Stations 170, 172, and 173. Stations are staffed full- time and there are three battalion chiefs, one for each shift. Other full-time staff for Battalion 20 include a deputy fire chief, assistant fire chief, and community services representative.
LA County Fire utilizes the following emergency vehicles:
• Engines. A specially designed truck that functions as a firefighting apparatus. • Quints. Also known as quintuple combination pumpers, quints are fire trucks that can function as both an engine and a ladder truck.
• Squads. An emergency service that provides technical rescue services.
These facilities and their respective emergency vehicles and staffing levels are listed in Table 8-13 and shown on Figure 8-5, Fire Stations.
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 8-27
Table 8-13 Inglewood Fire Stations
Station Name District Address Emergency
Vehicles Staffing
Fire Station 170 District 4
10701 South Crenshaw
Boulevard
Inglewood, CA 90303
Quint 170 (4
person)
1 1 captain, 1 firefighter
specialist, 1 firefighter
paramedic, 1 firefighter
Engine 170 (2
person)
1 2 firefighters
Fire Station 171
& Battalion 20
Headquarters
District 3 141 West Regent Street
Inglewood, CA 90301
Engine 171 (3
person)
1 captain, 1 firefighter
specialist, 1 firefighter
Squad 171 (2
person) 2 firefighter paramedics
Fire Station 172 District 2 810 Centinela Avenue
Inglewood, CA 90302
Engine 172 (3
person)
1 captain, 1 firefighter
specialist, 1 firefighter
Squad 172 (2
person) 2 firefighter paramedics
Fire Station 173 District 1
9001 South Crenshaw
Boulevard
Inglewood, CA 90305
Engine 173 (3
person)
1 captain, 1 firefighter
specialist, 1 firefighter
Squad 173 (2
person) 2 firefighter paramedics
Source: LA County Fire, 2024.
1 Assessment Light Force is a two-piece company consisting of a ladder truck and a pumper, operating as one integrated unit and staffed with one fire fighter paramedic position.
LA County Fire has both automatic and mutual aid agreements with the City of Los Angeles that can respond into Inglewood, if needed. Mutual aid is provided by one fire protection agency to another upon request.
LA County 2024, PlaceWorks 2024
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 8-29
Response Times and Protocol
LA County Fire uses the national guideline of a 5 -minute response time for basic life support for the first-arriving unit and an 8 -minute response time for advanced life support (paramedic) in urban areas as response time goals. In 2023, the average response time for the first -in-response unit in Inglewood was 3:51 minutes/seconds.
LA County Fire notes that fire protection serving the Inglewood area is adequate with existing development and land use. However, each additional development increases demands on existing resources. Currently, LA County Fire has no plans for any service improvements or new facilities in Inglewood. Though there are no studies or reports demonstrating rates of fire incidence throughout Inglewood, LA County Fire has an online reporting system that generates ad hoc fire incident reports, which allows the public to provide LA County Fire with customized reports based on the incident witnessed. Once filed, these reports are available from the County of Los Angeles Fire Department Public Records Office approximately two weeks after the date that the incident occurred.
LA County Fire’s Prevention Division is under the command of an assistant fire chief designated as the department’s fire marshal . The division focuses on educating the community about the benefits of proper safety practices and identifying and eliminating all types of hazardous conditions that pose a threat to life, the environment, and property.
8.6 Findings
8.6.1 Public Comments
This section summaries initial public feedback on public services and facilities gathered from the engagement activities described in Chapter 1. The comments provide insight into community perceptions of what is missing, what needs improvement, and what is currently working well in Inglewood, guiding future planning considerations.
What People Appreciate about the City
In general, commenters appreciated the City’s existing parks and the programming available at the City’s parks and community facilities, such as the senior center. With regard to parks, commenters appreciated their safety and cleanliness. Commenters also appreciated special events held in the city, such as fairs and festivals.
Missing / Need More of in the City
Commenters also stated that the City needed additional parks as well as specific facilities such as teen centers, children’s programming, skate parks, and dog parks. Commenters also expressed a desire for more trees in public spaces. Commenters sought additional upkeep of the City’s existing parks and recreational facilities as well as increased safety and more security. Finally, commenters wanted more art and events that reflected the city’s culture and values.
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
Needs to Improve
Commenters stated an overall need for maintaining and cleaning the city’s existing public spaces, with litter removal being a key issue. Commenters expressed a desire for better advertising of the City’s existing programs as well as more programs overall for a variety of age groups. Commenters stated that the noise level in the city could be reduced, especially given the number of events held at the c ity’s stadiums. Commenters also specifically called out that the city’s schools needed improvements, especially in light of recent school closures.
Vision for the City
In their vision for the c ity, commenters expressed a desire for more parks and more public art, well maintained, kept clean, and programmed with key features such as community events, community gardens, cultural centers, sports courts, skate parks, and splash zones. Commenters wanted a system of trails and paths connecting these public places in the city. They also spoke of a desire to be part of an informed community whose culture has been preserved.
8.6.2 Implications for Planning
Parks and Recreation
As the General Plan Update evolves, there will be opportunities to confirm and elaborate on existing plans and programs to address park needs and meet the City’s parkland goals. The following opportunities should be explored further as updated policies and programs are defined. • Integrate privately owned public open spaces, such as the 12-acre Lake Park at SoFi Stadium, into new developments.
• Increase open space standards for new residential development. • Require a dedication of land or payment of fees for all new residential development so that the City can acquire new land for parks in underserved areas or improve facilities at existing parks.
• Formalize a joint -use agreement with Inglewood Unified School District to utilize existing schools as parks when school is not in session.
• Explore utilizing former schools that have closed due to lack of enrollment (or portions thereof) as new parkland.
• Incorporate sustainability features into parks to mitigate environmental impacts and reduce operating costs associated with water usage and electricity usage.
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 8-31
Library Facilities
As the City’s existing libraries facilities continue to age, new or renovated facilities may be required. As previously stated, a new library is proposed as part of a new civic center facility. The new library design accounts for community needs based on current population. Additional library resources and updated collections may be required as the city’s population changes over time. In addition, there may be a need for greater digital access at the City’s libraries, as resources such as physical books are replaced by e- books, audiobooks, and other digital resources. Libraries also are undergoing a s hift in t heir role in the community, with libraries taking on more functions traditionally served by community centers. The design and features of any new or renovated library facilities in the city will need to take such functions into account.
Schools
The decline of the school -age population in Inglewood will lead to a significant decrease in the number of students enrolled at IUSD in the near future and require significant changes to school facilities and usage. While the projected utilization for IUSD ’s facilities is expected to decline to
44.5% by 2030, utilization of IUSD’s existing facilities as more specialized spaces may allow IUSD to provide a project-based learning model without significant new infrastructure. The closure of school facilities ma y provide opportunities to consider how those grounds can best serve the community in different ways in the future.
Police Services
As the City’s population and employment growth increases, the need for police services is expected to grow due to the increase in population and workers and the associated potential for additional crime and accidents. If increases in population employment lead to incre ased traffic congestion, response times could drop below the target goal established by the Police Department. If calls for service increase and exceed the capacity of Inglewood’s Police Department existing workforce, additional staff would be needed and o ngoing revenue would be needed to fund additional staff.
Fire Services
Future development in the city can be expected to increase the need for new fire facilities, apparatus, and personnel to maintain adequate response times. As discussed above, new construction projects are required to pay fire facilities fees through engineering and building plan reviews, as well as parcel and tract map plan reviews that contribute to the County’s funding to acquire, construct, and furnish new fire protection and emergency services facilities and to purchase new equipment.
Chapter 8 Public Services and Facilities
This page intentionally left blank.
Natural
Environment
9 January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 9-1
9 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
9.1 Introduction
This chapter discusses the existing conditions and planning considerations related to the natural environment, including biological resources, climate change, air quality, geology and soils, hazards and hazardous materials, hydrology, and noise.
9.2 Biological Resources
The City of Inglewood is entirely developed with urban uses and has limited presence of natural biological resources. This section offers a discussion of those resources and the city’s natural setting, which can influence the General Plan’s land uses and polic y approach . This overview focuses on resources in the city that characterize Inglewood's natural landscape.
9.2.1 Habitat Linkages and Corridors
Because the City is developed and urbanized with no open space connections, habitat linkages and corridors are not present in Inglewood, according to the CFDW’s Biogeographic Information and Observation System (BIOS).1
9.2.2 Special-Status Plants and Wildlife
Plant communities and habitats in Inglewood are limited due to extensive urbanization and development. Plant communities in urbanized areas typically consist of maintained ornamental species. Special-status plants are those classified as rare or listed, proposed, or candidates for threatened or endangered status under federal or California regulations. Special -status species that have the potential to occur in the city are discussed in this section. Future proposed projects must ensure the avoidance of disruption to endangered species.
Federal Endangered Species Act
The Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973 (FESA) defines an endangered species as “any species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.” Threatened species are defined as “any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.” Under Section 9(a)(1)(B) of the FESA, it is illegal to "take" any listed species. Accor ding to Section 3(18) of the FESA, "take" includes actions such as harassing, harming, pursuing, hunting, shooting, wounding, killing, trapping, capturing, or collecting, or attempting to engage in any such conduct. Additionally, the USFWS has interpreted "harm" and "harass" to include certain types of
1 California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). 2024. Biogeographic Information and Observation System (BIOS). https://wildlife.ca.gov/Data/BIOS.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
habitat modification as forms of "take." These interpretations are typically considered and applied on a case-by-case basis and often vary by species.2
California Endangered Species Act
California's Endangered Species Act (CESA) defines an endangered species as a native species or subspecies of bird, mammal, fish, amphibian, reptile, or plant that is in danger of becoming extinct throughout all or a significant portion of its range due to factors such as habitat loss, habitat change, overexploitation, predation, competition, or disease. A threatened species is defined as a native species or subspecies that, although not currently at risk of extinction, is likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future without special protection and management efforts. 3 Special-Status Plants
The California Native Plant Society (CNPS) is a private plant conservation organization dedicated to monitoring and protecting sensitive species in the State of California . This organization has compiled an inventory that focuses on the geographic distribution and qualitative characterization of rare, threatened, or endangered vascular plant species in California.
Four special-status plants have the potential to be found in the Inglewood (3311883) Quadrant, per CNPS.
4 The listed plants can be found in Table 9 -1. Despite their formal listing, the urbanization of the city likely precludes their presence, and it is unlikely that these species are still found in the area.
Table 9-1 Special Status Plants with Potential to Occur in Inglewood Common Name Scientific Name Federal Listing State Listing California orcutt grass Orcuttia californica Endangered Endangered Coastal dunes milk-
vetch Astragalus tener var. titi Endangered Endangered
San Diego button-
celery
Eryngium aristulatum
var. parishii Endangered Endangered
Spreading navarretia Navarretia fossalis Threatened None Source: California Native Plant Society, Rare Plant Inventory, https://rareplants.cnps.org/Search/result?frm=T&ccl=LAX&sl=1&quad=3311883:&elev=:m:o.
Special-Status Wildlife
Information for Planning and Consultation (IPaC) is an advanced project planning tool developed by the U.S. Department of Fish and Wildlife to enhance and streamline the environmental review
2 Public Law No. 93-205, 87 Stat. 884, 1973, https://www.fws.gov/endangered/laws-policies/esa.html. 3 California Fish and Game Code, Sections 2050–2116, 2023, https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/CESA. 4 California Native Plant Society, Rare Plant Inventory, https://rareplants.cnps.org/Search/result?frm=T&ccl=LAX&sl=1&quad=3311883:&elev=:m:o.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 9-3
process conducted by USFWS. This comprehensive tool features an interactive map that identifies and displays special-status wildlife species within a specified project area in the United States.
Using this tool, eight special-status wildlife species have the potential to be found in Inglewood— five birds, one reptile, one amphibian, and one insect.5 The species are identified in Table 9-2.
Table 9-2 Special Status Wildlife with Potential to Occur in Inglewood Common Name Scientific Name Federal Listing State Listing California Least Tern Sternula antillarum
browni Endangered Endangered
Coastal California
Gnatcatcher
Polioptila californica
californica Threatened None
Least Bell's Vireo Vireo bellii pusillus Endangered Endangered Southwestern Willow
Flycatcher
Empidonax traillii
extimus Endangered Endangered
Western Snowy Plover Charadrius nivosus
nivosus Threatened None
Southwestern Pond
Turtle Actinemys pallida Proposed Threatened None
Western Spadefoot Spea hammondii Proposed Threatened None Monarch Butterfly Danaus plexippus Candidate None
Source: California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Special Animals List (Document ID No. 109406), 2024, https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=109406; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, IPaC: Information for Planning and Consultation, 2024, https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/location/2LYQQZWF5JDM7DODUBWXWIUO5E/resources.
9.3 Climate Change Impacts
This section examines the current and projected effects of climate change on the City of Inglewood. Climate change is a pressing and ongoing issue, intensifying various environmental and public health challenges, including the urban heat island effect, increased frequency and severity of heatwaves, heightened wildfire risks, and exacerbated flooding. These changes can significantly impact urban infrastructure, ecosystems, and the well-being of residents.
Increased intensity and instances of the urban heat island effect can lead to greater occurrences of heat -related illnesses and mortality. The combination of increased temperatures and urbanization can result in more frequent and severe heatwaves. 6 Climate change can increase the
5 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, IPaC: Information for Planning and Consultation, 2024, https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/location/2LYQQZWF5JDM7DODUBWXWIUO5E/resources. 6 C. Heaviside, H. Macintyre, and S. Vardoulakis, “The Urban Heat Island: Implications for Health in a Changing Environment.” Curr Environ Health Rep 4(no. 3, Sep 2017):296–305. doi: 10.1007/s40572-017-0150-3. PMID:
28695487.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
risk and intensity of wildfires, which can encroach upon urban areas and pollute the air.7 All pose significant health risks, especially for vulnerable populations. Climate change can also exacerbate flooding in urban areas by intensifying rainfall and storm events, potentially overwhelming drainage systems.
9.3.1 Extreme Heat
The effects of extreme heat can be amplified in urban centers with high levels of development , such as the City of Inglewood, with potential consequences for health and air quality. Urbanized areas experience significantly higher temperatures than natural landscapes, creating “heat islands” that emphasize the effects of temperature increases associated with climate change. Roads, paved lots, and building materials reflect less solar energy and absorb more heat compared to natural vegetation cover, resulting in daytime temperatures in urban areas a bout 1°F to 7°F higher than temperatures in outlying areas and nighttime temperatures about 2°F to 5°F higher.8 As described in the 2022 Safety Element of the Inglewood General Plan, the intensity and duration of extreme heat events has been increasing in the c ity. Average minimum temperatures and annual number of extreme heat instances are expected to increase even more significantly in upcoming years.
9 According to the EPA’s Environmental Justice Screening Tool, Inglewood had less than 20 average days over 90ºF per census block (from 2019 to 2023).
Extreme Heat Mitigation Measures
To address extreme heat in Inglewood, the General Plan Safety Element outlines several goals aimed at mitigating its impact on residents and infrastructure. Implementation S -3.2.5 proposes reducing the urban heat island effect by introducing cooling featur es in neighborhoods, such as cool pavement materials, cool corridors, and innovative designs to enhance pedestrian comfort at public transit stops and park amenities. Additionally, it recommends establishing cooling spaces like open areas and cooling centers. Implementation S -3.2.6 focuses on adopting development standards that incorporate climate-adapted urban design principles, especially in high-heat areas and for vulnerable populations, such as seniors or multi -family housing. These standards may include cross -ventilation, increased open space, use of cool materials, green roofing, and requirements for both heating and cooling systems in buildings.
7 US Environmental Protection Agency, Climate Change Indicators: Wildfires, 2016, https://www.epa.gov/climate -indicators/wildfires.
8 US Environmental Protection Agency, Learn about Heat Islands, n.d., https://www.epa.gov/heatislands/learn-about -heat-islands.
9 City of Inglewood, Inglewood General Plan Safety Element, 2022.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 9-5
Further mitigation measures referenced in the Safety Element involve creating alert systems, such as hotlines, to notify public health officials about individuals at risk during extreme heat events.
Integrating urban heat island reduction strategies, like green or cool roofs, cool pavements, and enhanced vegetation, into long-term planning can help manage temperature extremes in future heat waves.
The City of Inglewood has adopted the 2018 California Building Code, which includes energy efficiency provisions that could enhance power grid resilience during peak heat events. While the code mandates heating for residential units, it does not currently require air conditioning. As extreme heat events become more frequent and intense, the City may explore incentives or other measures to promote the installation of cooling systems and features in both new and existing buildings. This approach aims to mitigate the adverse health effects of rising temperatures. 10 Shade and Tree Canopy Cover
Increasing tree canopy cover and vegetation in urban spaces can significantly mitigate the effects of extreme heat. Expanding the tree canopy and adding greenery in urban areas helps reduce the urban heat island effect. Research shows that urban forests ca n lower sensible heat flux and increase latent heat flux, resulting in cooler surroundings. Strategically planting trees —such as around buildings or to shade pavements in parking lots and streets —can enhance their effectiveness in mitigating extreme heat.
11 Observed temperatures during extreme heat events vary significantly across Inglewood due to differences in housing density, impervious surfaces, building type, and presence of tree canopy.
As of 2015, the c ity had an average tree canopy cover of 14 percent that ranged from 6 to 20 percent across Inglewood. Much of the existing canopy cover consists of smaller ornamental trees, such as palms, instead of larger shade trees, such as oaks. Low-income neighborhoods also contain disproportionately less tree shade and natural land surface cover, contributing to higher temperatures during extreme heat events.12
10 City of Inglewood, Inglewood General Plan Safety Element, 2022. 11 Li et al., “Cooling Benefits of Urban Tree Canopy: A Systematic Review.” Sustainability 16 (no.12, 2024): 4955, https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124955.
12 City of Inglewood, Inglewood General Plan Safety Element, 2022.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
The 2022 Safety Element notes that while the preservation of existing trees is already codified, future development should focus on landscaping efforts to increase shade tree canopy specifically, to cool the city. Implementation-S-3.2.4 describes the continued protection of existing shade trees and increased private development requirements for new shade tree plantings. Public tree plantings will be targeted in spaces such as public rights -of-way and parks, with priority for vulnerable populations. Implementation-S-3.2.5 aims to reduce the urban heat island effect by installing cooling features in neighborhoods, including shade trees.13 Sidewalk lined with shade trees in front of local shops
9.3.2 Wildfire
There are no Fire Hazard Severity Zones in Inglewood per CAL FIRE’s Fire Hazard Severity Zone Map,14 meaning there is a very low risk of wildfire in the area. However, though the risk of wildfire is very low because the city is located away from natural forest stands and has no Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) zone,15 wildfire is a statewide hazard of concern that can still affect the city and its residents. The main local impact from wildfire is poor air quality , which can lead to health
13 City of Inglewood, Inglewood General Plan Safety Element, 2022. 14 California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Fire Hazard Severity Zones Viewer, 2024, https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/03beab8511814e79a0e4eabf0d3e7247/. 15 U.S. Forest Service, Wildland Urban Interface: 2020 (Map Service), 2020, https://data-usfs.hub.arcgis.com/ documents/7804d89ed1094ccb9aae753228e8d89a/explore.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 9-7
consequences for vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and those with previous respiratory/health complications. Smoke and air pollution from wildfires can be widespread and last for weeks,16 blowing into the general Inglewood region.
9.3.3 Flooding
Climate change intensifies rainfall by increasing atmospheric moisture levels, as warmer temperatures enhance the atmosphere’s capacity to hold water vapor. This elevated moisture contributes to more intense and frequent extreme precipitation events when the additional water vapor is released during storms, leading to heavier and more intense rainfall. 17 Periods of intense
rainfall exacerbated by climate change can lead to increased urban flooding if urban storm drains are not properly equipped to handle large amounts of water. In urbanized areas such as Inglewood, direct runoff is extensive, not only because of the density of impermeable pavements, which allow less rain to infiltrate the ground, but also because storm -sewer systems carry more water directly to the ocean. T he presence of vegetation and other natural surface cover absorbs water and reduces the volume of runoff.18
Because Inglewood is in the upper portion of the local Dominguez Channel watershed, the city is not in the path of any upstream runoff and is not susceptible to flooding. According to FEMA, Inglewood is in Zone X, an area of minimal flood hazard. In 1974, the Federal Insurance Administration determined that the likelihood of flooding in Inglewood is less than 1 percent per year.
9.4 Air Quality
Since 1947, the South Coast Air Quality Management District (South Coast AQMD) has been the agency responsible for improving air quality in the South Coast Air Basin (Air Basin), which includes all of Orange County and major portions of Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, including the City of Inglewood. Figure 9-1, California Air Basins and South Coast AQMD Region, shows the boundaries of the Mojave Desert, Salton Sea, and South Coast Air Basin, and the South Coast AQMD Region.
16 City of Inglewood, Inglewood General Plan Safety Element, 2022. 17 K. E. Trenberth, J. T. Fasullo, and J. K. Davis, “Climate Change and the Intensity of Extreme Precipitation,” Nature Climate Change 5 (no.6, 2015): 443–447, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2617. 18 City of Inglewood, Inglewood General Plan Safety Element, 2022.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 9-9
South Coast AQMD collects data on current air quality within the region and ensures that the ambient air quality standards adopted by the EPA and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) are attained and maintained. In general, air pollution in the Air Basin has improved over the past few decades, primarily due to stricter emissions standards and cleaner fuels. However, the Air Basin is currently designated as nonattainment for ozone (1-hour and 8-hour), particulate matter (PM10, and PM2.5) under the California ambient air quality standards and nonattainment for ozone, PM2.5, and lead (Los Angeles County only) under the National ambient air quality standards.19 Existing levels of ambient air quality and historical trends and projections in the vicinity of Inglewood are best documented by measurements taken by the South Coast AQMD. The air quality monitoring station closest to Inglewood is the Los Angeles -Westchester Parkway Monitoring Station, which is one of 31 monitoring stations South Coast AQMD operates and maintains in the Air Basin.
20 Data from this station includes O3, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and PM10.
Data for PM 2.5 is supplemented by the Compton-700 North Bullis Road monitoring station. As summarized in Table 9-3, Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Summary , t he data shows limited violations of the federal PM2.5 threshold in the last three years.
Table 9-3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Summary
Pollutant/Standard
Number of Days Threshold Was
Exceeded and Maximum Levels
during Such Violations1,2
2021 2022 2023
Ozone (O3)
State 1-Hour > 0.09 ppm (days exceed threshold)
State & Federal 8-hour > 0.070 ppm (days exceed threshold) Max. 1-Hour Conc. (ppm)
Max. 8-Hour Conc. (ppm)
0 0
0.059
0.049
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
State 1-Hour > 0.18 ppm (days exceed threshold)
Max. 1-Hour Conc. (ppb)
0 0.628
*
*
*
*
Coarse Particulates (PM10)
State 24-Hour > 50 µg/m3 (days exceed threshold)
Federal 24-Hour > 150 µg/m3 (days exceed threshold)
Max. 24-Hour Conc. (µg/m3)
0 0
33.3 0
0 *
0 0
*
19 CARB, Maps of State and Federal Area Designations, 2024, https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/maps- state-and-federal-area-designations.
20 Locations of the SRAs and monitoring stations are shown here: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default -source/ default-document-library/map-of-monitoring-areas.pdf.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
Table 9-3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Summary
Pollutant/Standard
Number of Days Threshold Was
Exceeded and Maximum Levels
during Such Violations1,2
2021 2022 2023
Fine Particulates (PM2.5)
Federal 24-Hour > 35 µg/m3 (days exceed threshold)
Max. 24-Hour Conc. (µg/m3)
12 102.1
6 52.8
2 54.6
Source: CARB, 2024 August 19 (accessed). Air Pollution Data Monitoring Cards (2021, 2022, and 2023). https://www.arb.ca.gov/adam/topfour/topfour1.php.
Notes: ppm = parts per million, ppb = parts per billion, µg/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter; * = Data not available 1 Data for O3, NO2, and PM10 from Los Angeles-Westchester Parkway Monitoring Station. Data for PM2.5 from Compton-700 North Bullis Road Monitoring Station.
2 Most recent data available as of August 2024.
9.4.1 Major Sources of Air Pollution
Stationary Sources of Air Pollution
About 20 percent of the region's ozone- forming air pollution comes from the operation and regular use of businesses and residences, otherwise known as stationary sources. Consumer products (including house paint, furniture varnish, and thousands of products containing solvents) can also contribute to poor air quality.
South Coast AQMD is responsible for controlling emissions from certain larger stationary sources of air pollution, which may include anything from large power plants and refineries to the corner gas station. Rules are adopted to reduce emissions from various sources, including specific types of equipment, industrial processes, paints, and solvents, even consumer products. 21 Figure 9-2,
South Coast AQMD Permitted Facilities, identifies permitted sources of emissions in Inglewood that are regulated directly by South Coast AQMD. Permitted sources of emissions are generally clustered at major intersections of commercial corridors and in industrial areas of the city.
21 South Coast AQMD, About South Coast AQMD, 2024, https://www.aqmd.gov/nav/about.
Source: South Coast AQMD, PlaceWorks
SOUTH COAST AQMD
PERMITTED FACILITIES
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
Mobile Sources of Air Pollution
The other 80 percent of ozone -forming air pollution comes from mobile sources —mainly cars, trucks, and buses, but also construction equipment, ships, trains, and airplanes.22 Airports attract a variety of mobile emissions sources , including private and commercial passenger vehicles, shuttle and intercity buses, medium and heavy -duty trucks, private and commercial aircraft, and a wide range of ground support equipment. The Federal Aviation Administration forecasts that California aircraft activity will increase by two -thirds between now and 2050 based on historical aircraft activity and economic predictors. Specifically, n itrogen oxides ( NOX) emissions from aircraft operations in California are projected to increase from 55 to 71 tons per day (tpd) between 2024 and 2050, whereas all other mobile source sectors are projected to decrease. 23 Consequently, i n the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the combustion of gasoline and other hydrocarbon fuels in airplanes contributes to various emitted pollutants.24 Additionally, diesel engines emit diesel particulate matter (DPM) that contribute to cancer and acute health risk in the Air Basin. 25 Almost all diesel exhaust particles are 10 microns or less in diameter, and due to their extremely small size, these particles can be inhaled and eventually trapped in the bronchial and alveolar regions of the lungs. Long-term (chronic) inhalation of DPM is likely a lung cancer risk. Even short-term (i.e., acute) exposure can cause irritation and inflammatory symptoms and may exacerbate existing allergies and asthma symptoms.26 Most major sources of DPM emissions, such as ships, trains, and trucks, operate in and around ports, rail yards, and heavily traveled roadways. These areas are often near highly populated areas, which leads to elevated exposure to DPM levels in urban areas such as Inglewood.
Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study
South Coast AQMD initiated a Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study (MATES) to monitor and evaluate existing ambient concentrations of toxic air contaminants, including DPM, and the potential health risks from air toxics in the region. MATES V modeling depicted that the average cancer risk for the Air Basin was 424 per million (inhalation only) and 455 per million (multiple pathway). MATES V showed the highest risk locations are near the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) and the Ports of Long Beach and Los Angeles. 27 22 South Coast AQMD, About South Coast AQMD, 2024, https://www.aqmd.gov/nav/about . 23 CARB, California's Actions in Reduce Emissions from Airports and Aircraft, 2024, https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/ default/files/2024-08/California%20Aircraft%20and%20Airports%20Fact%20Sheet%20-%20July%202024_0.pdf. 24 South Coast AQMD, General Aviation Airport Air Monitoring Study, 2010, https://www.aqmd.gov/docs/ default-source/air-quality/air-quality-monitoring-studies/general-aviation-study/study-of-air-toxins-near-van- nuys-and-santa-monica-airport.pdf.
25 CARB, Overview: Diesel Exhaust & Health, 2024,
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/overview-diesel-exhaust-and-health. 26 United States EPA, Health Assessment Document for Diesel Engine Exhaust (Final 2002), 2002, https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/risk/recordisplay.cfm?deid=29060. 27 South Coast AQMD, Final Report, Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study V (MATES V), 2021, http://www.aqmd.gov/home/air-quality/air-quality-studies/health-studies/mates-v.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 9-13
DPM continues to be the major contributor to air toxics cancer risk (approximately 72 percent of the total cancer risk), with goods movement and transportation corridors having the highest cancer risk. Transportation sources account for 88 percent of carci nogenic air toxics emissions, and an incremental number of potential cancer cases that could be developed per million people, assuming that the population is exposed to the substance at a constant annual average concentration over a presumed 70 -year lifetime. As shown in Figure 9 -3, South Coast AQMD MATES V Cancer Risk , the cancer risk is highest in areas along both sides of the high- volume freeway (I-405) and along Century Boulevard, with an excess cancer risk of 561 per million. The lowest risk is in the city is northwest Inglewood (514 per million). Both portions of the city have a higher cancer risk in comparison to the average cancer risks for the Air Basin.
9.4.2 Sensitive Receptors and Mitigation
Sensitive Receptors
Some land uses are considered more sensitive to air pollution than others due to the types of population groups or activities involved. Sensitive population groups include children, the elderly, the acutely ill, and the chronically ill, especially those with cardiorespi ratory diseases. Residential areas are also considered sensitive to air pollution because residents (including children and the elderly) tend to be at home for extended periods of time, resulting in sustained exposure to any pollutants present. Other sensitive receptors include retirement facilities, hospitals, daycare, and schools.
Placement of New Sensitive Receptors
To reduce exposure to toxic air contaminants (TAC), CARB developed and approved the Air Quality and Land Use Handbook: A Community Health Perspective (2005) to provide guidance regarding the siting of sensitive land uses in the vicinity of freeways, distribution centers, rail yards, ports, refineries, chrome -plating facilities, dry cleaners, and gasoline -dispensing facilities. 28 This
guidance document was developed to assess compatibility and associated health risks when siting sensitive receptors near existing pollution sources. CARB’s recommendations were based on a compilation of studies that evaluated data on the adverse heal th effects from proximity to air pollution sources. The key observation in these studies was that proximity substantially increases exposure and the potential for adverse health effects.
28 CARB, Air Quality and Land Use Handbook: A Community Health Perspective, 2005, https://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ceqa/handbook/california-air-resources-board-air -quality-and-land-use-handbook-a-community-health-perspective.pdf.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 9-15
Three carcinogenic toxic air contaminants constitute the majority of the known health risks from motor vehicle traffic—DPM from trucks and benzene and 1,3 butadiene from passenger vehicles.
CARB recommendations are based on data that show that localized ai r pollution exposures can be reduced by as much as 80 percent by following CARB's minimum distance separations. As mentioned earlier, the City of Inglewood is next to two high-volume freeways (I-405 and I-105) and several major arterials roads, which would contribute (along with other stationary sources) to a higher estimated excess cancer risk than in other locations in the community.
In 2017, CARB provided a supplement to the Air Quality and Land Use Handbook for near-roadway air pollution exposure, Strategies to Reduce Air Pollution Exposure Near High -Volume Roadways:
Technical Advisory.
29 Strategies to reduce exposure include practices and technologies that reduce traffic emissions, increase dispersion of traffic pollution (or the dilution of pollution in the air), or remove pollution from the air.
CalEnviroScreen Air Quality Indicators
CalEnviroScreen (CES) is a mapping tool the helps identify the California communities that are most affected by sources of pollution and where people are especially vulnerable to pollution’s effects.
30 People in “Environmental Justice (EJ) communities”31 identified by CES Version 4.0 (CES4) may be disproportionately affected by and vulnerable to poor air quality. CES’s “pollution burden” map identifies communities that are exposed to pollution from human activities, such as air pollution (ozone, PM
2.5, DPM), water pollution (drinking water contaminants), hazardous materials (pesticide use, children’s lead exposure, toxic releases), and traffic density.
The CES pollution burden sco re considers the disproportionate effect of pollution on EJ communities because the score weighs socioeconomic factors (e.g., educational attainment, poverty) and sensitivity of the population (e.g., asthma rates, cardiovascular disease). As shown on Figure 9-4, CES4 Indicator: Pollution Burden, and Figure 9-5, CES4 Indicator: Diesel Particulate Matter, the highest percentile for pollution burden and DPM is where I -405 bisects the city and where I-105 abuts the southern portion of Inglewood. Similarly, the highest PM
2.5 percentile is in
portions of the city near high- volume freeways and several major arterials roads (refer to Figure 9-6, CES4 Indicator: PM2.5).
29 CARB, “Strategies to Reduce Air Pollution Exposure Near High-Volume Roadways,” Technical Advisory, 2017, https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/fact-sheets/strategies-reduce-air-pollution-exposure-near-high -volume-roadways.
30 California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Communities Environmental Health Screening Tool, version 4.0, California Environmental Protection Agency, 2023, https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40. 31 In the 2022 Air Quality Management Plan, “EJ communities” are defined as census tracts in the top 25 percent in the CalEnviroScreen. Approximately 42 percent of the Air Basin residents live in EJ communities. South Coast AQMD, 2022 AQMP, 2022, https://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/clean-air-plans/air-quality-management- plans/2022-air-quality-management-plan/final-2022-aqmp/final-2022-aqmp.pdf?sfvrsn=16.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 9-19
Though the causes of asthma are poorly understood, it is well established that exposure to traffic and outdoor air pollutants can trigger asthma attacks. Children, the elderly, and low -income Californians suffer disproportionately from asthma. Figure 9-7, CES4 Indicator: Asthma, shows the asthma percentile for Inglewood by census tract , with the highest asthma percentile in central Inglewood along a major arterial road (i.e., Manchester Boulevard and Century Boulevard) and where I-405 bisects the city.
Mitigation
South Coast AQMD conducts regular inspections of businesses and other sources of air pollution to evaluate compliance with applicable air quality rules and permit conditions. Additionally, South Coast AQMD's 2022 Air Quality Management Plan includes several control strategies for reducing air pollution from new and existing stationary sources and from vehicle travel. The control strategy for the 2022 Air Quality Management Plan includes aggressive new regulations and the development of incentive programs to support early deployment of advanced technologies. The two key areas for incentive programs are (1) promoting widespread deployment of available zero emission (ZE) and low-NO
X (nitrous oxides) technologies and (2) developing ZE and ultra-low NOX technologies for use in cases where the technology is not currently available.
South Coast AQMD is prioritizing distribution of incentive funding in EJ areas and seeking opportunities to focus benefits on the most disadvantaged communities. 32 Figure 9-8, How Can
We Reduce Air Pollution Exposure, lists multiple types of strategies that can be used to reduce exposure to local air pollution in the city.33
32 South Coast AQMD, 2022 Air Quality Management Plan, 2022, https://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ clean-air-plans/air-quality-management-plans/2022-air-quality-management-plan/final-2022-aqmp/ final-2022-aqmp.pdf?sfvrsn=16.
33 Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), Planning Healthy Places, 2016, https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/planning-and-research/planning-healthy-places/php_may20_2016-pdf.pdf.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 9-21
Figure 9-8 How Can We Reduce Air Pollution Exposure
9.5 Seismicity and Hazards
The City of Inglewood lies within the northwestern Peninsular Ranges geomorphic province. The Peninsular Ranges province includes rocks that range in age from Quaternary to Paleozoic.
Basement rocks include Jurassic and Cretaceous igneous rocks of the Peninsular Ranges batholith that intrude Triassic and Jurassic metasedimentary sequences. 34 The city is majorly underlain with
Old Alluvium, undivided (Qoa), and Young alluvial fan deposits, undivided (Qyf). The northern extent of the city is underlain with many geologic components , such as San Pedro Formation (undivided (Qsp), Very old alluvium, undivided (Qvoa), Artificial fill (af), and Alluvium (Qa). 35 34 Saucedo et al., Geologic Map of the Long Beach 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California, 2016. 35 Saucedo et al., Geologic Map of the Long Beach 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California, 2016.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
9.5.1 Regional and Local Faults and Seismicity
The city is in a seismically active region and faces a high probability of severe shaking due to an earthquake about every thirty years.36 Seismic ground shaking could damage buildings, parking areas, and utility infrastructure in the city. Historically, two major earthquakes along the Newport- Inglewood fault resulted in major damage and loss of life for communities on and around the fault trace. On June 21, 1920, a magnitude 4.9 earthquake struck the communities surrounding the fault, resulting in significant damage to existing infrastructure . This led to a better understanding of the Newport-Inglewood fault, which helped in the development of measures to protect the community along and around the fault. On March 10, 1933, a magnitude 6 .4 earthquake hit the southern segment of the Newport -Inglewood Fau lt, which resulted in widespread damage to the region and 115 to 200 deaths . Since then, modern infrastructure has been developed to mitigate damage and potential loss of life to the communities in the region.
To mitigate any potential hazards related to seismic events, projects in the city are required to conform with the City of Inglewood Department of Building and Safety building codes pertaining to earthquake hazards and the 2022 California Building Code (CBC).
Faults and Seismicity
Alquist-Priolo Fault Zones are regulatory zones surrounding the surface traces of active faults .
Alquist-Priolo Fault Zones in and near the city include the Newport-Inglewood Fault, which is an active fault line running through the city, and the Palos Verdes Fault, which runs west of the city. 37 Quaternary faults, which are typically small fissures in the earth’s crust and have moved within the past 1.6 million years, also exist in and around the city, such as the Overland Avenue fault, and the Charnock Fault. The City has experienced seismic events in the past from the mentioned surrounding faults. Figure 9-9, Earthquake Faults, shows the location of major faults that cross the City of Inglewood.
Regional and Local Faults
Newport-Inglewood Fault (Rose Canyon Fault Zone)
The Newport -Inglewood-Rose Canyon fault zone traverses the northwest part of the city, including the Inglewood Park Cemetery. The fault zone consists of a series of northwest-trending, generally right-lateral strike-slip faults. This fault zone is a major structural element , or major geological structure that outlines different geologic units in the Peninsular Ranges , separating contrasting Mesozoic basement terrane- Catalina Schist on the west and metasediments, intrusives, and volcanics to the east. A Holocene to late Pleistocene age has been determined for traces in the quadrangle, with a slip rate of about 1.0 millimeter/year.38 This right-lateral fault zone is composed of numerous fault splays that collectively can produce a magnitude 7.5 earthquake.
36 City of Inglewood, General Plan Safety Element, 2022. 37 City of Inglewood, General Plan Safety Element, 2022. 38 Saucedo et al., Geologic Map of the Long Beach 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California, 2016.
USGS Quaternary Faults
Based on Time of Most Recent Surface Deformation
Historical (<150 years), well constrained location
Historical (<150 years), moderately constrained location Latest Quaternarny (<15,000 years), well constrained location Latest Quaternarny (<15,000 years), moderately constrained location Latest Quaternarny (<15,000 years), inferred location
Late Quaternarny (<130,000 years), well constrained location Late Quaternarny (<130,000 years), moderately constrained location Late Quaternarny (<130,000 years), inferred location
Undifferentiated Quaternary (<1.6 million years), inferred location Chapter 9 Natural Environment
Overland Avenue Fault
The Overland Avenue Fault is a late Quaternary fault that nearly coincides with Overland Avenue in Culver City; it is about six miles long and trends to the northwest, from the southwestern part of the Baldwin Hills northwestward across Ballona Gap. This fault is located immediately north - northwest of the city.
Charnock Fault
The Charnock Fault is a late Quaternary fault west of Inglewood. It is immediately west of the Overland Avenue Fault and forms the western edge of the graben. The area between the two faults has dropped as much as 140 feet during the Pliocene; however, the late Pleistocene and Holocene sediments have not been displaced. Therefore, the faults are only considered potentially active by the California Geological Survey.
Seismic Hazards
Liquefaction
Liquefaction refers to loose, saturated sand, or gravel deposits that lose their load -supporting capability when subjected to intense shaking. Liquefaction potential varies based upon three main contributing factors: 1) cohesionless, granular soils having relatively low densities (usually of Holocene age); 2) shallow groundwater (generally less than 50 feet); and 3) moderate to high seismic ground shaking. As described in the Safety Element, there is one Liquefaction Zone in the northwest area of Inglewood , as shown on Figure 9 -10. 39 Specifically, this area covers areas
surrounding Industrial Park Avenue and further along to West Hyde Park Boulevard and areas north of West Florence Avenue. A small and localized section of this zone extends to the n orth, just north of Centinela Avenue. The l iquefaction zone continues east, north of Cable Way, with coverage over Rogers Park, extending alongside West Florence Avenue and ending north- northeast of Vincent Park, where a majority of Vincent Park’s central portion is located in a liquefaction zone.40
Landslides
Landsliding is a type of erosion in which masses of earth and rock move down slope as a single unit. Susceptibility of slopes to landslides and other forms of slope failure depend on several factors. These factors are usually present in combination and inc lude steep slopes, condition of rock and soil materials, the presence of water, formational contacts, geologic shear zones, and seismic activity. Inglewood is mostly developed and flat. The only location having landslide potential is in the Inglewood Park Cemetery. The remainder of the city is not susceptible to landslides.
41 39 City of Inglewood, General Plan Safety Element, 2022. 40 City of Inglewood, General Plan Safety Element, 2022. 41 ArcGIS, Landslide Zones, 2024, www.arcgis.com/apps/mapviewer/index.html?layers =306103cb524845368d5ae2923fbdccb3; City of Inglewood, General Plan Safety Element, 2022.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 9-25
Figure 9-10 Liquefaction Zone (Safety Element 2022)
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
Subsidence
Ground subsidence is the gradual settling or sinking of the ground surface with little or no horizontal movement, and most often results from human activities such as the extraction of oil, gas, or groundwater. The city of Inglewood does not have any areas that are susceptible to subsidence.
42 9.5.2 Hazardous Materials
Database Searches
Inglewood contains a mix of residential, commercial, mixed use, public/semi-public, open space, and industrial land uses . The city had oil fields in the past.43 Some of these historic and current uses may contribute to the presence of hazardous materials , otherwise known as recognized environmental conditions. A database search for the City of Inglewood has been conducted to examine the known hazardous materials, sites, and buildings in the city. Below are the findings of those database searches. Also, given the age of developed structures in much of the city, there is likelihood that structures built prior to the enactment of modern hazardous materials regulations contain lead -based paint , asbestos-containing materials , radon, mercury, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), mold, and other applicable hazards . As a whole, the c ity does contain various sites listed as “active” or “open” on the various databases searched. These sites are in these databases as a way for the general public to know about the hazardous materials sites near them and the potential hazardous materials that may pose a potential threat to the community. The city does not have a large concentration of these sites in any given area that may cumulatively result in a potentially significant hazard. The following databases were searched.
EnviroStor
EnviroStor was created by the Department of Toxic Substances Control as a data management system to track current cleanup, permitting, enforcement, and investigation efforts at hazardous waste facilities and sites with known or potential contamination. According to EnviroStor, 29 known facilities/sites were located in the city. Of those, six sites are listed as Active, and of the six Active sites, two are nonoperating, one is operating, one is designated as a State Response, one is a Corrective action, and one is a g eneral evaluation.44 These sites are generally dispersed west of I-405, and two sites are north of SR-42.
GeoTracker
GeoTracker is a database that provides access to statewide environmental data and tracks regulatory data for the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST) cleanup sites. According to the database search conducted on GeoTracker, 127 facilities were located in the c ity. Of those,
42 U.S. Geological Survey, California subsidence areas, 2024, https://ca.water.usgs.gov/land_subsidence/ california-subsidence-areas.html.
43 City of Inglewood, General Plan Safety Element, 2022. 44 California Department of Toxic Substances Control, EnviroStor mapping tool, 2024, https://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/map/?myaddress=Inglewood+California.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 9-27
16 sites are listed as Open cases, and of the 16 Open case sites, 12 are Cleanup Program sites and 4 are LUST cleanup sites . A facility or site on GeoTracker with classification of “Open,” “Cleanup Program Site ,” or “LUST cleanup site” indicat es a release (o f petroleum or other hazardous substance) from a petroleum underground storage tank system that requires corrective action. It is important to identify LUSTs because contamination from an affected site can seep into the surrounding soil and potentially cont aminate groundwater. 45 The majority of t hese sites are generally west of I-405, near the Kia Forum/ SoFi Stadium, and in the eastern section of the city.
Five sites are dispersed in the central portion of the city.
UST Finder
The EPA UST Finder database identifies the location and status of underground storage tanks , which are tanks and any underground piping connected to the tank that have at least 10 percent of their combined volume underground. According to the EPA UST Finder, there are 33 USTs in the city. A large portion of these sites are in the portion of the city close to the LAX Airport, west of I-405, and along West Century Boulevard.46
EJ Screen
According to EPA ’s EJScreen database, which is a public online mapping tool that identifies demographic and environmental information of an area, the entire c ity is in the 95 th to 100th percentile for hazardous waste proximity. This means that, in the city, facilities that handle hazardous wastes are within five kilometers (about three miles) of any given point.47 Cortese List
One location in the city is listed on the Cortese List , which is a public hazardous waste and substances sites list that provides information about the location of hazardous materials sites. The site is the LAX Inflite Services LLC DBA Royal Airline Linen at 125 N. Ash Avenue, which has had an Active cleanup status since April 2022.48 According to historical documentation, the site was used for industrial purposes, including manufacturing, from 1970 to 1986 , and a laundry facility from at least 1986 to present. Contaminants found at the site include 1,2 -dichloroethlene, 1,2 - dichloroethlene, tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride.49 WellStar
The city of Inglewood straddles a line of subsurface naturally occurring oil deposits that run southeast-northwest, parallel to the Newport-Inglewood Fault Zone. According to a search of the
45 California State Water Resources Control Board, GeoTracker mapping tool, 2024, https://geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov/map/?CMD=runreport&myaddress=inglewood. 46 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, UTS Finder, 2024, https://epa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=c220c67462e14763a8e0c4df75550278. 47 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Environmental Justice Screening and Mapping Tool (EJScreen), 2024, https://ejscreen.epa.gov/mapper/index.html?wherestr=Inglewood+. 48 California Department of Toxic Substances Control, EnviroStor Hazardous Waste and Substances Sites List, 2024. 49 California Department of Toxic Substances Control, EnviroStor Hazardous Waste and Substances Sites List, 2024.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
WellStar website, there are no a ctive oil and gas wells in the city .50 The nearest active oil well production is at the Inglewood Oil Fields in unincorporated Los Angeles County, which are anticipated to decommission active use over time. The Inglewood Oil Field, although not in the City, was one of the most productive oil fields in the entire LA Basin, with more than 400 million barrels of oil produced. This oil field has produced an average of 2.5 to 3.1 million barrels annually for the past decade.51
9.5.3 Mineral Resources
MRZ-1 Zone
Inglewood is in an MRZ -1 and MRZ -3 Zone. The c ity straddles two mineral resource maps .52 A classification of MRZ-1 means there is enough adequate geological information to indicate that no significant mineral deposits are present, or where it is judged that little likelihood exists for their presence.
53 A classification of MRZ-3 means there is not enough available evaluated data to determine significance of deposits.54
9.6 Hydrology
The Hydrology section describes the region's current water systems and resources, including surface water and groundwater characteristics.
9.6.1 Groundwater
The original town site of Inglewood was established in 1888, in part because of the abundance of water from a natural artesian spring in what is now Centinela Park. At that time, the land was mainly unused, allowing rain to naturally recharge the aquifer. That spring has now been inactive for decades, and much of the rainfall runs off the various impervious surfaces into the ocean.55 As the city has grown and developed, the hydrological landscape has changed.
50 California Department of Conservation, Well Finder, 2024, https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/doggr/wellfinder/. 51 Inglewood Oil Field, Future of Inglewood Oil Field, 2024, https://inglewoodoilfield.com/history-future/ future-Inglewood-oil-field.
52 California Geological Survey, Updated Mineral Resource Zones for Portland Cement Concrete Aggregate in the San Fernando Valley and Saugus-Newhall Production-Consumption Regions, 2021; California Geological Survey, Mineral Land Classification Map, 1982.
53 California Geological Survey, Updated Mineral Resource Zones for Portland Cement Concrete Aggregate in the San Fernando Valley and Saugus-Newhall Production-Consumption Regions, 2021. 54 California Geological Survey, Mineral Land Classification Map, 1982. 55 City of Inglewood, General Plan Conservation Element, 1997.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 9-29
Inglewood sits atop the Coastal Plain of Los Angeles, with the majority of the city in Groundwater Basin 4 -011.03, and eastern parts of the territory in Groundwater Basin 4 -011.04. They are commonly referred to as the “West Coast Basin” and the “Central Basin,” respectively. See Figure 7-6 for their location.
West Coast Basin
The West Coast Basin is bounded on the north by the Ballona Escarpment, an abandoned erosional channel from the Los Angeles River. It is bounded on the east by the Newport - Inglewood fault zone. The basin is bounded on the south and west by the Pacific Ocea n and consolidated rocks of the Palos Verdes Hills. Discharge of groundwater from the basin occurs primarily by pumping extractions. The Silverado aquifer, which underlies much of the West Coast Basin, is the most productive aquifer in the region, supplying 80 % to 90% of the basin's annual groundwater extraction.
Recharge Areas
The natural replenishment of the Basin's groundwater supply is mainly restricted to underflow from the Central Basin via the Newport -Inglewood fault zone. Water that infiltrates into the aquifers of the Central Basin can eventually cross this fault and contribute to the groundwater supply in the West Coast Basin.
The West Coast Basin receives minor replenishment through the infiltration of surface water from the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Rivers into the uppermost aquifers. Additional minor recharge sources include irrigation return flows from fields and lawns, in dustrial wastewater, and other applied surface waters.
56 Central Basin
The Central Basin is bounded on the north by a surface divide called the La Brea high. The basin is bounded on the northeast and east by rocks of the Elysian, Repetto, Merced and Puente Hills.
The southeastern boundary between the Central Basin and the Orange County Groundwater Basin roughly aligns with Coyote Creek, which marks a regional drainage divide. The southwestern boundary is defined by the Newport-Inglewood fault system and the folded rocks of the Newport- Inglewood uplift.
The primary productive aquifers in the basin are the Gardena and Gage aquifers in the Lakewood Formation and the Silverado, Lynwood, and Sunnyside aquifers in the San Pedro Formation.
Historically, groundwater in the Central Basin flowed from recharge areas in the northeast to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest. However, increased pumping has lowered water level s in the Central Basin, resulting in similar water levels on both sides of the Newport-Inglewood uplift and reducing subsurface outflow to the West Coast Basin.
56 California Department of Water Resources, West Coast Subbasin Description, Bulletin 118, 2003, https://water.ca.gov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Programs/Groundwater-Management/ Bulletin-118/Files/2003-Basin-Descriptions/4_011_03_WestCoastSubbasin.pdf.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
Recharge Areas
Groundwater enters the Central Basin through surface and subsurface flow as well as direct percolation of precipitation, stream flow, and applied water, primarily replenishing the aquifers in the forebay areas where permeable sediments are exposed. The nat ural replenishment of the basin’s groundwater is predominantly from surface inflow through Whittier Narrows and some underflow from the San Gabriel Valley. Additionally, imported water from the Metropolitan Water District and recycled water from the Whittier and San Jose Treatment Plants are used for artificial recharge in the Montebello Forebay at the Rio Hondo and San Gabriel River spreading grounds. 57 Much of the City’s rainfall runs off the various impervious surfaces directly into the ocean instead of recharging the aquifers in the region. Historically, natural processes such as aquifer recharge were more efficient due to undeveloped land. Now, with urbanization, much of the natural landscape has been replaced by impervious surfaces (buildings, roads), preventing rainwater from percolating into the aquifers. Future land use polic ies may need to focus on enhancing groundwater recharge efforts. There is a potential need for policies supporting stormwater capture systems and artificial recharge methods to maintain groundwater levels.
9.6.2 Dams
An inundation map shows flooding that could result from a hypothetical failure of a dam or its critical appurtenant structure. In 2017, the California Legislature passed a law requiring all state jurisdictional dams, except low hazard dams, to develop inundation maps and emergency action plans.
58 Using the US Army Corps of Engineers’ National Inventory of Dams database, it was determined that Inglewood is not in the inundation zones of any dams.
9.6.3 Runoff
The discharge of pollutants from the city into the storm drain system is a major concern. Though the city has no shoreline or beach in its jurisdiction, it can still be a major contributor to ocean pollution due to surface runoff into storm drains. Because the city is at the upper part of the local watershed, Dominguez Channel, runoff is discharged in various directions. Most of n orth Inglewood drains westward into Centinela Creek , which flows west to Ballona Creek and Santa Monica Bay.59
57 California Department of Water Resources, Central Subbasin Description, Bulletin 118, 2003, https://water.ca.gov/-/ media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Programs/Groundwater-Management/Bulletin-118/Files/2003-Basin -Descriptions/4_011_04_CentralSubbasin.pdf.
58 California Department of Water Resources, Inundation Maps, 2024, https://water.ca.gov/programs/ all-programs/division-of-safety-of-dams/inundation-maps. 59 City of Inglewood, General Plan Conservation Element, 1997.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 9-31
9.7 Noise and Vibration
9.7.1 Noise Fundamentals
Noise is defined as unwanted sound and is known to have several adverse effects on people who are overexposed, including hearing loss, speech and sleep interference, physiological responses, and annoyance. Although sound can be easily measured, the perception of noise and the physical response to sound complicate the analysis of its impact on people. People judge the relative magnitude of sound sensation in subjective terms such as “noisiness” or “loudness.” Changes of 1 to 3 decibels (dBA) —the unitless measure of sound on a logarithmic scale—are detectable under quiet, controlled conditions , and changes of less than 1 dBA are usually indiscernible. A 3 dBA change in noise levels is considered the minimum change that is detectable with human hearing in outside environments. A change of 5 dBA is readily discernable to most people in an exterior environment, and a 10 dBA change is perceived as a doubling (or halving) of the sound.
9.7.2 Vibration Fundamentals
Vibration is a trembling, quivering, or oscillating motion of the earth. Like noise, vibration is transmitted in waves, but in this case through the earth or solid objects. Unlike noise, vibration is typically of a frequency that is felt rather than heard.
Vibration can be either natural as in the form of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, sea waves, landslides, or man -made as from explosions, music frequencies, and the action of heavy machinery or heavy vehicles such as trains. Both natural and man -made vibration may be continuous such as from operating machinery, or transient as from an explosion.
9.7.3 Sensitive Receptors
Certain land uses, such as residences, schools, and hospitals, libraries, places of worship, and parks are particularly sensitive to noise and vibration. These uses are regarded as sensitive because they are where citizens most frequently engage in activit ies that are likely to be disturbed by noise, such as reading, studying, sleeping, resting, or engaging in quiet or passive recreation.
Commercial and industrial uses are not particularly sensitive to noise or vibration.
9.7.4 Traffic Noise
On-road vehicles represent the most prominent source of noise in the city. Traffic noise levels depend primarily on the speed of the traffic and the volume of trucks and are typically greatest during peak traffic periods such as morning and evening commute times, and during major events at entertainment facilities that draw many vehicles in a short period of time. The primary source of vehicular noise from automobiles is high -frequency tire noise, which increases with speed.
Freeways that traverse Inglewood include I-405 along the western portion of the city and I-105 in southern Inglewood, each having 250,000+ daily vehicles, resulting in noise levels of 76 dBA CNEL Chapter 9 Natural Environment
at 175 feet (measured from the centerline of the freeway). M ajor roadways in Inglewood that generate notable traffic noise include Crenshaw Boulevard, La Brea Avenue, Centinela Avenue, Florence Avenue, Manchester Boulevard, West Century Boulevard, and Imperial Highway .
Additionally, increased traffic noise is also associated with truck routes and larger distribution/industrial uses.
9.7.5 Aircraft Noise
California Code of Regulations Title 21, Subchapter 6, Airport Noise Standards, establishes 65 dBA CNEL as the acceptable level of aircraft noise for persons living in the vicinity of airports. Noise- sensitive land uses are generally incompatible in locations where the aircraft exterior noise level exceeds 65 dBA CNEL unless an aviation easement for aircraft noise has been acquired by the airport proprietor or the residence is a high- rise with an interior CNEL of 45 dBA or less in all habitable rooms and has an air circulation or air conditioning system, as appropriate. Assembly Bill 2776 requires an y person who intends to sell or lease residential properties in an airport influence area to disclose that fact to the person buying the property.
Aircraft overflights occur regularly because Inglewood is adjacent to Los Angeles International Airport to the west and Hawthorne Municipal Airport to the south. The Los Angeles County Airport Land Use Commission’s Airport Land Use Plan (adopted in 1991 and revised in 2004) covers all of the public airports in Los Angeles County. The Los Angeles County Airport Land Use Commission is responsible for promoting land use compatibility around the County’s airports in order to minimize public exposure to excessive noise and safety hazards, and the Commission’s Los Angeles County Airport Land Use Plan identifies noise compatibility zones in the form of airport noise contour graphics that are intended to prevent development that is incompatible with airport operations.
Inglewood is directly under the approach paths for the airport, as shown on Figure 9-11, Inglewood Airport Noise Contours. Approximately 25 percent of the dwelling units in the city are within the projected 65 dB CNEL noise exposure area, as described in the 1987 Noise Element of the Inglewood General Plan.
60 It is expected that that proportion is much greater today, because both LAX and the city have grown. Per the 2015 LAX Noise Exposure Map Final Report by Los Angeles World Airports, 15 schools and 20 places of worship in Inglewood are exposed to aircraft noise of CNEL 65 dB or higher.61 The City of Inglewood is within the planning boundary/airport influence area established for LAX in the Los Angeles County Airport Land Use Plan; however, it is not within the planning boundary or airport influence area for Hawthorne Municipal Airport , as shown in Figure 6-9, Hawthorne Municipal Airport Noise Contours.
60 City of Inglewood, Noise Element, 1987, https://www.cityofinglewood.org/DocumentCenter/View/130/ Noise-Element-1987.
61 Los Angeles World Airports, LAX Noise Exposure Map (NEM) Final Report, n.d., https://www.lawa.org/-/media/ lawa-web/noise-management/files/150-noise-exposure/final-lax-nem-entire-report.ashx.
Figure 9-11
INGLEWOOD AIRPORT
NOISE CONTOURS
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
Mitigation Efforts
In public meetings for the Environmental Justice Element of the Inglewood General Plan, residents identified aircraft noise from LAX as a major pollution concern for Inglewood. For the past several decades, the Federal Aviation Administration and LAX have allocated over $400 million to the City of Inglewood for purchasing, demolishing, or soundproofing hundreds of homes in noise contour zones. As of September 2019, 7,690 homes had been soundproofed, which generally includes installing solid-core wood doors, double-paned windows, or new air conditioning and heating systems. The City's Residential Sound Insulation Department oversees these projects. Residents are also urged to report excessive aircraft noise, short turns, low -flying aircrafts, and after -hour arrivals (midnight to 6:30 a.m.) to Los Angeles World Airports Noise Management. 62 The Sound Insulation Grant Program, created by Los Angeles World Airports, is responsible for administering and monitoring funds for various residential sound insulation (RSI) programs in Inglewood. The Sound Insulation Grant Program also administers funding for sound insulation of schools in the Inglewood Unified School District. The RSI p rograms, including the LAX RSI Program, the Inglewood RSI Program, and the LA County RSI Program, are financed by grants from Los Angeles World Airports and the Federal Aviation Administration. 63 Inglewood Residential Sound Insulation Program
The Inglewood RSI Program specifically serves residents of Inglewood. The program is for homeowners whose properties (residential single family or multi- family) are within the Federal Aviation Administration–Approved Part 150 Noise Exposure Map’s 65 dB noise contour. Eligible homes must have been constructed before October 1, 1998, and be zoned for residential or mixed-use purposes. Homes must have an average interior noise level (in habitable rooms) of 45 dB or higher.
Eligible homeowners will be contacted by RSI Program staff and introduced to the RSI Program.
Eligibility is confirmed through acoustical testing of the home using loudspeakers. An architectural study and hazardous materials inspection will also take place prior to finalizing design plans. Once the scope of work is approved , contractors will bid on the project and must meet the City’s requirements for quality workmanship. As part of the program, all doors and windows are replaced with solid-core doors and dual-pane windows of the homeowner’s choice. In some cases, central air and heating systems may also be installed. These measures collectively help reduce the impact of exterior noise on the home.
64 62 City of Inglewood, Environmental Justice Element, 2020, https://www.cityofinglewood.org/DocumentCenter/View/14211/Environmental-Justice-Element-2020. 63 LAWA, Sound Insulation Grant Program (SIGP), 2024, https://www.lawa.org/lawa-environment/ -management/sound-insulation-grant-program.
64 LAWA, LAX RSI Program Overview, 2024, https://www.lawa.org/lawa-environment/noise-management /sound-insulation-grant-program/rsi-program.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 9-35
9.7.6 Light Rail Noise
The Metro K Line runs roughly parallel with Florence Avenue through the city with three stations, Fairview Heights, Downtown Inglewood, and Westchester/Veterans. Noise-generating activities at stations include entrance and egress from the stations (through stairways, escalators, and elevators) as well as an increase in the number of people around the station. K Line service hours are from 4:30 a.m. to 12:00 a.m. daily. Trains operate every 10 minutes throughout the day, and night and early morning weekend s ervice is every 20 minutes. According to the Federal Transit Administration, noise levels from “rapid transit/light rail” range from 74 dBA to 80 dBA L max with
typical hourly noise levels of 63 dBA Leq at 50 feet.
Passing trains create vibration events that last approximately two minutes, though it is extremely rare for vibration from train operations to cause substantial or even minor cosmetic building damage. Older, historic buildings are often considered fragile and are the predominant source of concern from rail-related vibration (FTA 2018). According to the Federal Transit Administration, groundborne vibration from “rapid transit/light rail” is barely perceptible at a distance of 50 feet (74 VdB) (FTA 2018). While each building has different characteristics for structure-borne vibration, in general, the heavier the building, the lower the levels of vibration. Additionally, community (human) response to vibration correlates with the frequency of events, and more- frequent low- vibration events may evoke the same response as fewer high-vibration events.
Metro train departing station
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
9.7.7 Stationary Noise
Stationary sources of noise occur from all types of land uses. Residential uses generate noise from landscaping, maintenance activities, and air conditioning systems. Commercial uses generate noise from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) sys tems; loading docks; and other sources. Industrial uses generate noise from HVAC systems, loading docks, and outdoor machinery. Noise generated by residential or commercial uses is generally short and intermittent.
Industrial uses generate noise on a more continual basis. Stadiums, arenas, outdoor dining and gathering areas, gas stations, car washes, fire stations, drive -throughs, swimming pool pumps, school playgrounds, athletic and music events, and public parks are other common stationary noise sources.
Exterior of SoFi Stadium
Stadium/Arena Noise
Large events, including sports and special events, occur throughout the City and can also generate high noise levels at their source. The Forum, SoFi Stadium, YouTube Theatre, and Intuit Dome, as well as their associated outdoor areas, accommodate events that generate elevated noise levels.
Event activity noise includes pedestrian, crowd, and amplified noise; stationary mechanical equipment; outdoor activities with amplified sound and crowd noise; loading area activity; parking lot/structure activity (vehicle engines and accelerating, doors slamming, car alarms, and people talking); media truck/broadcast access activity (truck movements/idling and loading/unloading of
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 9-37
media equipment) ; and delivery vehicles (semi -trucks, trash collection trucks, and large food service trucks).
Public Facility Noise
Outdoor activities that occur on school campuses and in parks throughout the c ity generate noticeable levels of noise. Noise generated on both the weekdays (from physical education classes and sports programs) and weekends (from use of the fields and stadiums) can elevate community noise levels somewhat during the timeframe of each particular usage.
Construction Noise
Construction activity also contributes to the noise environment; however, such activities are typically temporary, occurring in any one location and only for a relatively limited period of time.
Larger or multiphase construction projects, however, may contribute to the noise environment of a particular location for a more extended period of time. Public infrastructure that requires open- ended maintenance may also result in ongoing noise impacts, though usually not at a constant location. For example, different sections of road may be repaved at different times, meaning that noise impacts from associated construction activities would, at any given time, only occur along and near the section of roadway undergoing such maintenance.
9.8 Findings
9.8.1 Public Comments
This section summarizes initial public feedback on environmental topics gathered from the engagement activities described in Chapter 1. The comments provide insight into community perceptions of what is missing, what needs improvement, and what is currently working well in Inglewood, guiding future planning considerations.
In the environment and health category, seven comments raised concerns about noise from outdoor events and aircraft ; four mentioned a lack of green spaces and vegetation (including trees); four focused on the desire for clean energy solutions like solar power ; and one comment highlighted air quality concerns. These issues were identified as needing improvement, with two additional comments emphasizing the lack of green spaces in the city.
Regarding future visions for Inglewood, four comments proposed increased vegetation and landscaping, three supported greater clean energy usage, one mentioned better air quality, one suggested a more efficient water runoff and rainwater capture system, and one called for improved noise conditions.
In terms of what works well today, four comments highlighted existing green spaces, with two specifically mentioning Inglewood Park Cemetery as a valuable green space. One comment praised the current air quality, and two indicated that noise pollution in Inglewood is better than in neighboring cities.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
Under parks and recreation, 16 comments identified park availability and safety as needing improvement. Five comments called for more trees and landscaping, and three cited event-related noise as an area for improvement. Additionally, residents expressed a desire for more parks, with 15 comments envisioning expanded park space for Inglewood’s future.
Public feedback highlights key areas for improvement, including noise, green spaces , clean energy, air quality, and parks. While some green spaces and noise conditions are seen as strengths, the community desires more parks, trees, and cleaner energy options to enhance Inglewood’s environment.
9.8.2 Implications for Planning
The City of Inglewood’s natural setting impacts various planning considerations . Inglewood is largely developed with limited biological resources, lacking habitat linkages and sensitive natural communities such as riparian habitats and wetlands. Although there is potential for four special- status plants and eight special-status wildlife species, their presence is unlikely due to unsuitable habitat conditions. In the heavily urbanized environment of Inglewood, residents are advocating for more green spaces and outdoor recreation areas in the future.
Climate change poses an increasing threat to Inglewood, particularly through exacerbated extreme heat. Wildfire and flooding are less concerning due to the city's location away from natural forest stands and absence of a wildland urban interface zone, though wildfire remains a statewide hazard. The city is not subject to upstream runoff and is not prone to flooding. Extreme heat continues to be a major issue, and the General Plan Safety Element addresses this with measures like cooling infrastruc ture and increased shade canopy. Despite mitigation measures already in place, residents report desires to expand tree canopy cover. Future planning may include updates to strategies that address the evolving impacts of extreme heat and other climate- related challenges.
Transportation sources contribute 88 percent of carcinogenic air toxics emissions in Inglewood, with the highest pollution levels and diesel particulate matter found where I -405 bisects the city and I-105 borders the southern edge. PM
2.5 concentrations are also highest near high- volume
freeways and major arterial roads. Future planning may focus on reducing transportation-related emissions and improving air quality through enhanced public transit options and green infrastructure to mitigate these impacts and safeguard community health.
Inglewood is exposed to geological hazards, including seismic ground shaking, liquefaction, and earthquake-induced landslides. The city’s location in a seismically active region , some existing developments are within the liquefaction zone or landslide zone. Future development must comply with state and local building regulations and conduct site- specific geotechnical investigations to assess these hazards. The General Plan Update may continue to address these risks and propose measures to minimize their impact on the community. While the city has experienced hazardous materials incidents in the past, there is no large concentration of such sites that presents a significant cumulative hazard. The General Plan Update can establish a framework for the safe use, storage, manufacturing, and transportation of hazardous materials, ensuring high safety standards and protecting community health and the environment.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
January 2025 | CITY OF INGLEWOOD | EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT Page 9-39
Situated on the Coastal Plain of Los Angeles, Inglewood spans the West Coast Basin and extends into the Central Basin. Most of North Inglewood drains westward into Centinela Creek, flowing into Ballona Creek and Santa Monica Bay, raising concerns about runoff pollution. Future planning has the potential to enhance stormwater management practices and implement pollution control measures to improve water quality and protect local waterways and coastal environments.
Noise pollution in Inglewood originates from various sources, including traffic, aircraft from LAX, the Metro K line light rail, and stationary noise from local venues. Although some mitigation measures, such as sound insulation programs, have been implemented, future planning can prioritize additional strategies to further reduce noise impacts , as indicated by public response.
This could involve expanding noise barriers, improving urban design to minimize noise transmission, and continuing to support sound insulation initiatives to enhance community well- being.
The City of Inglewood has existing mitigation measures to address various challenges associated with the natural environment. However, public feedback indicates a strong interest in expanding green spaces and renewable energy, increasing tree canopy cover, and improving noise and stormwater management. Future planning will need to account for these concerns while continuing efforts to address air pollution and enhance green infrastructure, supporting both environmental sustainability and public health.
Chapter 9 Natural Environment
This page intentionally left blank.
700 South Flower Street, Suite 600
Los Angeles, California 90017
t 213.623.1443
www.PlaceWorks.com
ORANGE COUNTY • BAY AREA • SACRAMENTO • CENTRAL COAST • LOS ANGELES • INLAND EMPIRE
COMMUNITY
PROFILE
January 2025
City of Inglewood
General Plan Update
Pacific Ocean
27 170
134
2 710
110
60 72
39 91
90 19
47 1
22 Malibu
Calabasas
Topanga
Palos
Verdes
Estates
Manhattan
Beach
Hermosa
Beach
El Segundo
Santa Monica
Marina del
Rey
Los Angeles
Culver City
Beverly Hills
Simi
Valley
Hidden
Hills
Agoura Hills
Bell Canyon
Santa Susana
Huntington
Beach
Sunset
Beach Fountain
Valley
Costa Mesa
West
Athens
Torrance
Rolling
Hills Estates
Rolling
Hills
Redondo
Beach
Rancho
Palos Verdes
Lomita
Lawndale
Hawthorne
Gardena
West Carson
Alondra Park
Del Aire
Lynwood
East
Rancho
Dominguez
Compton
Carson
West Rancho
Dominguez
Willowbrook
West
Hollywood
Vernon
Huntington
Park
View
Park-Windsor
Hills
Walnut Park
Westmont
Florence-Graham
Ladera
Heights
Lennox
South Gate
Maywood
Cudahy
Bell
Seal Beach
Los Alamitos
Signal Hill
Long Beach
Hawaiian
Gardens
Rossmoor
Paramount
Norwalk
Lakewood
Cerritos
Bellflower
Artesia
Santa
Fe SpringsDowney
Westminster
Stanton
La Palma
Cypress
Buena Park
La Mirada
South
Whittier East La
Mirada
Garden Grove
Midway
City
South
Pasadena
San Marino
San Pasqual East Pasadena
East
San
Gabriel
San
Gabriel
Rosemead
Pico Rivera
Monterey Park
Montebello
Commerce
Bell
Gardens
Alhambra
South San
Gabriel
West
Whittier-Los
Nietos
East Los
Angeles
Temple City
Irwindale
Arcadia
Mayflower
Village
North El
Monte
South
Monrovia
Island
Whittier
South El
Monte
El Monte
Rose Hills
Avocado
Heights
Baldwin Park
West
Puente
Valley
Hacienda
Heights
Glendale
Burbank
La Crescenta-Montrose
Sierra Madre
Pasadena
Monrovia
La Cañada
Flintridge
Duarte
Bradbury
Altadena
La Habra
Santa
Ana
Fullerton
Anaheim
La Puente
La Habra
Heights
Industry
Rowland
Heights
Valinda
Azusa
Vincent
West
Covina
405
105
710
110
605
210
10 5
101
Inglewood
INTRODUCTION
T
he Community Profile is a description and analysis of Inglewood—its residents, development, housing, infrastructure and services, economy, natural environment, and hazards. Summarized from information included in the Existing Conditions Report prepared for the City’s General Plan Update project, it provides a framework for understanding the city, its attributes, and relevant issues in planning its future. Some information compares Inglewood to Los Angeles County and other areas in the State of California to highlight the City’s unique characteristics. We encourage you to consider the findings presented in the Profile as the City embarks on defining Inglewood’s Next Level for the General Plan Update.
The city of Inglewood is located in southwestern Los Angeles County. It is generally bounded by the city of Los Angeles and the unincorporated Los Angeles County communities of View Park-Windsor Hills and Ladera Heights to the north, the city of Hawthorne and the unincorporated Los Angeles County community of Lennox to the south, the city of Los Angeles to the west, and the unincorporated Los Angeles County community of Westmont and the city of Los Angeles to the east. A small island of incorporated land is entirely surrounded by the unincorporated community of Ladera Heights and city of Los Angeles in proximity to the city’s northwest boundary. Access to Inglewood from the surrounding region and further afield is provided by Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) and Hawthorne Municipal Airport (HHR), Interstates 405 and 105, the LA Metro K and C rail lines and several bus lines.
Pacific Ocean
27 170
134
2 710
110
60 72
39 91
90 19
47 1
22 Malibu
Calabasas
Topanga
Palos
Verdes
Estates
Manhattan
Beach
Hermosa
Beach
El Segundo
Santa Monica
Marina del
Rey
Los Angeles
Culver City
Beverly Hills
Simi
Valley
Hidden
Hills
Agoura Hills
Bell Canyon
Santa Susana
Huntington
Beach
Sunset
Beach Fountain
Valley
Costa Mesa
West
Athens
Torrance
Rolling
Hills Estates
Rolling
Hills
Redondo
Beach
Rancho
Palos Verdes
Lomita
Lawndale
Hawthorne
Gardena
West Carson
Alondra Park
Del Aire
Lynwood
East
Rancho
Dominguez
Compton
Carson
West Rancho
Dominguez
Willowbrook
West
Hollywood
Vernon
Huntington
Park
View
Park-Windsor
Hills
Walnut Park
Westmont
Florence-Graham
Ladera
Heights
Lennox
South Gate
Maywood
Cudahy
Bell
Seal Beach
Los Alamitos
Signal Hill
Long Beach
Hawaiian
Gardens
Rossmoor
Paramount
Norwalk
Lakewood
Cerritos
Bellflower
Artesia
Santa
Fe SpringsDowney
Westminster
Stanton
La Palma
Cypress
Buena Park
La Mirada
South
Whittier East La
Mirada
Garden Grove
Midway
City
South
Pasadena
San Marino
San Pasqual East Pasadena
East
San
Gabriel
San
Gabriel
Rosemead
Pico Rivera
Monterey Park
Montebello
Commerce
Bell
Gardens
Alhambra
South San
Gabriel
West
Whittier-Los
Nietos
East Los
Angeles
Temple City
Irwindale
Arcadia
Mayflower
Village
North El
Monte
South
Monrovia
Island
Whittier
South El
Monte
El Monte
Rose Hills
Avocado
Heights
Baldwin Park
West
Puente
Valley
Hacienda
Heights
Glendale
Burbank
La Crescenta-Montrose
Sierra Madre
Pasadena
Monrovia
La Cañada
Flintridge
Duarte
Bradbury
Altadena
La Habra
Santa
Ana
Fullerton
Anaheim
La Puente
La Habra
Heights
Industry
Rowland
Heights
Valinda
Azusa
Vincent
West
Covina
405
105
710
110
605
210
10 5
101
Inglewood
1 OUR HISTORY
Pre-History
3500 BC. Native American History: The
Tongva people establish villages across
the Los Angeles basin, including the South
Bay region near present-day Inglewood,
trading and thriving along the California
coast and inland valleys.
Spanish Colonial Period
1542. First European Contact:
Spanish explorer Juan Rodriguez
Cabrillo leads an expedition along
the California coast, making the
first document European contact
with the native Tongva people, who
inhabited areas around present-day
Inglewood and the Los Angeles
Basin.
1769. Portolá Expedition: Spanish
colonizers, led by Governor Gaspar
de Portolá and accompanied by
Father Junípero Serra, establish
early missions, including nearby
Mission San Gabriel in 1771, which
encounters and draws native
Tongva labor from the village of
Yang-na.
American Period
1848. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: The treaty officially cedes California to the United States, following the
Mexican-American War. Mexican land grants, including
Rancho Aguaje de la Centinela, are recognized under U.S. rule.
1860. Scottish Influence: Sir Robert Burnett acquires
Rancho Aguaje de la Centinela, combining it with nearby lands to create the expansive 25,000-acre Centinela
Ranch, laying the foundation for what would become
Inglewood.
1873-1887. Establishing Inglewood: Burnett leases his
property to Daniel and Catherine Freeman, leading to
Daniel Freeman officially acquiring Burnett’s property and names it Inglewood. Freeman sells some 11,000 acres of
his ranch to the Centinela-Inglewood Land Company for
development.
Inglewood Townsite
1888. Inglewood Townsite: The Centinela-
Inglewood Land Company plats the townsite,
marking the establishment of Inglewood. With
the California Central Railway connecting Los
Angeles and Redondo Beach, the town grows
quickly.
1905. Inglewood Park Cemetery Founded: A
cemetery association establishes Inglewood
Park Cemetery, which later becomes the
resting place of notable residents like Ray
Charles, Ella Fitzgerald, and Mayor Tom
Bradley.
Mexican Period
1821. Transition to Mexican Rule: After Mexico’s
independence from Spain, Alta California
becomes a territory of the new Mexican Republic.
1834. Rancho Aguaje de la Centinela: Mission
lands begin to be secularized, and large land
grants, including those around Inglewood, are
distributed as ranchos. The Machado family
builds the Centinela Adobe, marking the
beginnings of a settlement in the area that is now
considered the “birthplace of Inglewood.”
2 City of Inglewood
1908. City Incorporation: Inglewood
is officially incorporated as a city on
February 14th, cementing its place in Los
Angeles County’s evolving landscape.
1920. Booming Growth: With fertile
lands, oil fields, and a budding aviation
industry, Inglewood’s population and
downtown business district expand
rapidly.
1937. Mines Field Purchase: The City
of Los Angeles buys Mines Field (now
Los Angeles International Airport) near
Inglewood, bringing aviation jobs and
economic growth to the area.
1938. Hollywood Park Opens: This
state-of-the-art thoroughbred racetrack
attracts both fans and Hollywood stars,
making Inglewood a destination and
boosting its economy.
Wartime & Postwar Growth
1949. Fox Theater Opens: Inglewood’s Fox
Theater, built with Late Moderne architecture,
opens as a luxurious venue for movie premieres
and local entertainment.
1957. End of Trolley Service: The removal of the
Market Street trolley signals Inglewood’s shift
from public transit to car-centered urban design,
impacting downtown businesses.
1967. The Forum Opens: The Forum, designed
by Charles Luckman & Associates, becomes a
prominent arena for sports, concerts, and major
events, establishing Inglewood as a hub for
entertainment.
1972. School Desegregation Case: A lawsuit
mandates the integration of Inglewood schools,
leading to a challenging period of busing and
social transition in the community.
Inglewood Today
2000. Inglewood Redevelopment: Major redevelopment
initiatives begin, aimed at revitalizing Market Street and the surrounding downtown area with new businesses
and infrastructure improvements.
2015. SoFi Stadium Groundbreaking: Construction
begins on SoFi Stadium, marking the start of a new
era as Inglewood prepares to host major NFL games,
concerts, and entertainment events. In 2018, the Los
Angeles Rams announce Inglewood’s SoFi Stadium as
their new home, drawing national attention and boosting local investment
2020. SoFi Stadium Opens: The highly anticipated SoFi
Stadium opens, redefining Inglewood as a premier
destination for sports and entertainment with a state-of- the-art, multi-billion-dollar complex. In 2022, Inglewood hosts Super Bowl LVI at SoFi Stadium, bringing global
attention to the city as the Rams claim victory on home turf in a historic game.
2028. Summer Olympics: SoFi Stadium will host the
opening and closing ceremonies for the Summer
Olympics, as well as soccer events.
1971–1976. Civic Center Development: Inglewood invests $50 million to build a new civic center complex along La Brea Avenue, rejuvenating the city’s core with modern municipal facilities. 1980. The City’s First General Plan: The City adopted a General Plan for the City that balanced residential, commercial, and industrial growth, and improved the conditions and availability of housing in the community.
1984. Olympic Basketball at the Forum: Inglewood’s Forum hosts men’s and women’s basketball events for the 1984 Summer Olympics, showcasing the city on an international stage. 3 Race & Ethnicity
Historically, Inglewood has had significant
Hispanic and Black populations. The
percentage of Hispanic and Black residents
in the City is higher than in the County
and State (49.1 percent and 40.6 percent
Hispanic, respectively; 7.9 percent and 5.7
percent Black, respectively).
Observing the 13-year period between
2010 and 2023, the White-only population
in the city decreased by more than half,
from 23 percent to 9 percent (a 61 percent
decrease).
The group that grew the most during this
period is made up of those who consider
themselves mixed race (two or more races)
or some other race.
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
2000 2010 2020
American Indian
Asian/Pacific Islander
Two or More Races
White
Other
Latino 52%
Latino
55,677
39%
Black
41,708
34%
Other
36,491
13%
Two or
More Races
14,491
10%
White
10,271
2%
Asian/Pacific
Islander
2,604
2%
American
Indian
2,197
Black
Source: American Community Survey 2000, 2010, 2020
4 OUR PEOPLE
Population Makeup
by Income
Housing by Tenure
Inglewood is a relatively affordable city to live in, with an average home value of $725,000, approximately 14 percent lower than the state and 3 percent lower than the county average home values. Inglewood contains significantly more renter-occupied dwelling units (60 percent) than owner-occupied dwelling units (35 percent). Average monthly rent for multifamily units in Inglewood is $1,833, or 20 percent less than average rents in LA County ($2,256). However, to meet future housing demands, the City will need to help facilitate the development of new housing units. Per the Southern California Association of Governments’ 6th Cycle Regional Housing Needs Assessment Allocation Plan, the City must provide realistic capacity to enable developers to build at least 7,439 new housing units by 2029, 37 percent of which must be allocated for very low or low-income housing.
The average household income in Inglewood is $89,600, 26 percent lower than the average household income in the County ($121,000) and 32 percent lower than the average household income in the State ($131,700). 57 percent of Inglewood households earn less than $75,000 annually. 35%
60%
5%
44%
51%
5%
52%
41%
7%
Owner Occupied Renter Occupied Vacant
12%
7% 8%
12%
18%
14%
17%
7% 6%
10%
6% 6%
9%
14%
13%
17%
10%
14%
8%
6% 6%
8%
14%
12%
18%
11%
17%
<$15K $15-$25K $25-$35K $35-$50K $50-$75K $75-$100K $100-$150K $150-$200K $200K+ Inglewood
Los Angeles County
California
Source: Esri Business Analyst Online 2023
Source: Esri Business Analyst Online 2023
5 Accommodation
& Food Services
10.3%
11.7%
3.4%
8.4%
0%
0.5%
4.2%
2.2%
2.4%
2.8%
5.5%
8.0%
1.3%
2.4%
23.4%
17.5%
1.1%
4.4%
0.2%
1.3%
7.6%
5.1%
Finance &
Insurance Information ManufacturingConstruction
Administration
& Support,
Waste Management
& Remediation
Arts,
Entertainment,
& Recreation
Educational
Services
Health Care
& Social
Assistance
Management
of Companies
& Enterprise
Mining,
Quarrying,
& Oil and Gas
Extraction
Agriculture,
Forestry, Fishing,
& Hunting
0%
0%
2.0%
5.3%
2.8%
3.8%
2.8%
2.3%
15.3%
9.6%
8.9%
7.1%
0.3%
0.6%
3.0%
3.2%
5.5%
3.9%
Manufacturing
Professional,
Scientific, &
Technical Services
Real-Estate
& Rental and
Leasing
Transportation
& Warehousing
Wholesale
Trade
Mining,
Quarrying,
& Oil and Gas
Extraction
Public
Administration
Retail
Trade Utilities Other Services
(excluding Public
Administration)
Jobs in Inglewood by Industry
Industries that Inglewood
Residents Work in
Adding more jobs in the City in sectors
where residents are currently leaving to
find employment, such as educational
services; administration and support;
and professional, scientific, and
technical services, would decrease job
outmigration, reducing vehicle miles
traveled among residents and ultimately
lowering greenhouse gas emissions.
residents are employed are: health care and social
assistance; accommodation and food services; retail
trade; administration and support; and educational
services. Three of the five fastest-growing industries
in the County are industries with high
levels of employment in Inglewood:
health care and social assistance,
accommodation and food services,
and educational services.
OUR JOBS
Source: U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies 2019 The top five industries of employment in the City are: health care and social assistance; retail trade; accommodation and food services; transportation and warehousing; and manufacturing. The top industries in which Inglewood 6 25,542
Workers employed in
City but living outside
Workers living and
employed in City
Workers living
in City but
employed outside
47,424
3,000
0%
0%
2.0%
5.3%
2.8%
3.8%
2.8%
2.3%
15.3%
9.6%
8.9%
7.1%
0.3%
0.6%
3.0%
3.2%
5.5%
3.9%
Manufacturing
Professional,
Scientific, &
Technical Services
Real-Estate
& Rental and
Leasing
Transportation
& Warehousing
Wholesale
Trade
Mining,
Quarrying,
& Oil and Gas
Extraction
Public
Administration
Retail
Trade Utilities Other Services
(excluding Public
Administration)
Worker Inflow/Outflow
Because more people leave the city to work than
arrive, this yields a net outflow of jobs from the
city. It is important to note, however, that the City
features a relatively strong daytime population
given the influx of 25,542 employees plus the 3,000
people that live and work in the city. This large
daytime population can provide an impetus for
additional retail and services in the city.
A majority of residents travel outside of the city boundaries to go to work.
Popular work destinations among employed residents include Los Angeles, Santa Monica, Culver City,
Torrance, and El Segundo.
Many Inglewood employees
come from: Los Angeles,
Hawthorne, Long Beach,
Torrance, and Carson.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau Center for Economic Studies 2019 7 General Fund Revenue
All California Cities 2022Inglewood 2022
Although the City does not capture as much from property tax, sales and use tax, or Transient Occupancy Taxes (TOT) compared to all cities in California, it does capture more from transportation tax (e.g., parking, towing), admissions taxes and other taxes. Given the City’s relatively balanced source of revenues, particularly when compared to all California cities, the City of Inglewood does not appear to be at risk of sales and use or hotel TOT exposure and the associated negative effects of being too reliant on these types of tax revenues or a single source of tax revenue.
Inglewood’s TOT revenue has averaged 4 percent of General Fund revenues between 2018 and 2022. Comparatively, TOT revenue across all California cities was 6 percent during the same period.
TOT could be an area of potential revenue growth for the City, particularly given the additional demand generated from the construction and opening of new sports/entertainment venues, along with the city’s close proximity to LAX.
29%
Property
Taxes
14%
Sales &
Use Tax
4%
Transient
Occupancy
Taxes & STR
Fees
4%
Business
License Tax
9%
Utility
User Fee
1%
Franchise
Fee
13%
Transportation
Tax
<1% Property
Transfer Fee
2% Construction
3%
Parking
, 11%
Admission
10%
Other 39%
Property
Taxes 22%
Sales &
Use Tax
6%
Transient
Occupancy Taxes
& STR Fees
6%
Business
License
Tax
5%
Utility
User
Fee
3% Franchise Fee
4% Transportation Tax
4% Property Transfer Fee
1%
Construction
1%
Parking
<1%
Admission
9%
Other
Source: Kosmont Companies 2024, CA DOF 2024
8 OUR FINANCES
City Historic Tax Revenue Growth
Comparing property tax, sales and use tax, and TOT revenues in Inglewood between 2018 and 2022, we can see that the fastest growing tax revenue source (69 percent) was property tax. Although sales and use tax and TOT revenues comprised a smaller share of total General Fund tax revenues in 2022 compared 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Property Taxes
Sales and Use Tax
Transient Occupancy Taxes & STR Fees
26.2%26.2%
16.3%
4.6%
28.7%
14.1%
3.5%
42.5%
15.1%
3.4%
35.9%35.9%
14.7%14.7%
3.5%3.5%
32.9%
16.6%16.6%
4.7%4.7%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
Source: Kosmont Companies 2024, CA DOF 2024
to 2018, these revenues ultimately grew by 34 percent and 19 percent, respectively, during the same time period. TOT revenues fell by more than $1 million from 2019 to 2020 but began recovering the following year, and by 2022 exceeded pre-pandemic levels.
9 $0
$50M
$100M
$150M
$200M
$250M
$300M
$350M
$400M
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
+161%
+74%
+35%
+54%
+58%
+50%
+29%
+38%
–2%
Motor Vehicle
& Parts
Home Furnishings
Building Materials
Food & Beverage
Gas Stations
Clothing Stores
General
Merchandise
Restaurants/Bars
Other Retail
since 2015
From 2015 to 2022 the retail categories that
experienced the largest increase in sales tax revenue
were restaurants/bars, general merchandise,
building materials, and gasoline stations. Two of
these categories (restaurants/bars and gasoline/
motor fuel) fall within the top spending categories
among Inglewood households.
WHERE WE SHOP
Retail Sales by
Category Per Year
Source: CA DOF 2024; CDTFA 2024; Kosmont Companies 2024 10 Retail Sales
Leakage by
Category
By observing retail spending potential
(demand) and retail sales (supply)
in Inglewood we can determine the
retail leakage by retail category. The
data shows that Inglewood does very
well in certain categories and captures
purchases from residents outside of
the city boundaries (particularly in
grocery, general merchandise, and
clothing). However, the city exhibits
retail sales leakage in many other
categories, including those that do
not leak sales to the internet (such
as bars/drinking places, full-service
restaurants, auto parts stores, auto
dealers, building materials stores,
home furnishings stores, and health
and personal care stores). Given the
strong emphasis and investment in
sports and entertainment facilities,
the City could consider targeting
more retail that supports these
venues, including bars / drinking
places and full-service restaurants.
Meets Demand Retail Leakage to outside CityExcess Supply Gas Stations
Full-Service
Restaurants
Bars / Drinking
Places
Grocery Stores
Auto Parts / Accessories
Building
Material Stores
Auto Dealers
Other General Merchandise Stores
Home Furnishings
Stores
Health & Personal
Care Stores
Clothing Stores
Shoe Stores
Book & Music Stores
Electronics &
Appliance Stores
Department Stores
–29%
–$8.3M
120%
$57.2M
71%
$20.4M
118%
$13.8M
103%
$93.6M
70%
$89.5M
104%
$258.8M
63%
$266.5M
38%
$7.5M
93%
$4.2M
62%
$90.5M
70%
$29M
154%
$413.2M
15%
$1.48M
50%
$76.9M
106%
$274.8M
–7%
–$0.3M
–30%
–$38.2M
–62%
–$12.2M
–37%
–$154.2M
–38%
–$54.7M
–30%
–$12.7M
–85%
–$8.6M
–50%
–$75.4M
Source: Esri Business Analyst Online 2024
11 -60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
2018 202420232022202120202019
Visitors
Employees
–50%
+49%
+43%
–32%
OUR VISITORS
While there was a sharp decline in visits by both visitors and employees during the COVID-19 pandemic, visitor foot traffic has remained above 2019 levels since 2021 in line with the NFL season (August to December).
Employee visits had a slower recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic, likely due to business closures and a greater number of employees working from home. August 2022 marked the first month employee visits exceeded pre-pandemic levels. Since then, employee visits to the city have remained above the 2019 baseline year, highlighting the growth of new employment sectors, particularly with respect to the construction of various sports/ entertainment, office, and residential buildings.
Source: Placer.ai 2024
Visitors
Employees
Visitation Trends
Inglewood hosts sports and entertainment attractions year-round at several locations within and in proximity to the Hollywood Park/sports-entertainment complex, including SoFi Stadium (a 70,000-seat stadium, home to the National Football League’s Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers), the Intuit Dome (an 18,000-seat indoor arena, home to the National Basketball League’s Los Angeles Clippers), the Kia Forum (a renovated 17,500-seat indoor arena, formerly used for professional sports, now used as a concert/entertainment venue), and the YouTube Theater, a 6,000-seat music and theater venue.
12 Century Blvd
Arbor Vitae St
Centinela Ave
Imperial Hwy
Manchester Ave
Crenshaw Blvd
Van Ness Ave
La Brea Ave
Prairie Ave
Market StInglewood AveLa Cienega Blvd
Hawthorne Blvd
Florence Ave
A
C
D
E
F
GH
H I J
K
B
Imperial Village
Neighborhoods
Lockhaven
Inglewood Knolls
Century Heights
Morningside Park
Sports Village
Arbor Village
Industrial
Fairview Heights
La Tijera Village
Centinela Heights
A
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
B
SoFi
Stadium
Transit
Area
Transit
Area
Transit
Area
Kia Forum
Downtown
Intuit Dome
Sports &
Entertainment
District
405
105
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
2018 202420232022202120202019
Visitors
Employees
–50%
+49%
+43%
–32%
OUR PLACES
13 Current Land Uses
The City of Inglewood is a largely residential
community consisting primarily of multi-family
and single-family residences, which are intermixed
in many areas of the city. Commercial uses are
concentrated in the downtown and along several
major streets, including Centinela Avenue, La Brea
Avenue, Market Street, Manchester Boulevard,
Century Boulevard, and Prairie Avenue. Though
they occupy a smaller proportion of the city’s land
area, commercial uses are growing, and several
key projects, including SoFi Stadium, the Intuit
Dome, and Hollywood Park Casino are drawing
regional visitors. Inglewood’s largest open space
and recreational use areas, which include a
cemetery and public park, are in the northern part
of the city, and industrial uses are concentrated in
the west, along Florence Avenue and adjacent to
Interstate 405 (I-405).
9%
Commercial
and Services
1%
General Office
3%
Industrial
<1%
Mixed Residential
& Commercial
48%
Multi-Family
Residential
23%
Single-Family
Residential
<1%
Mobile Homes
& Trailer Parks 9%
Open Space
& Recreation
<1%
Transportation,
Communications,
& Utilities
3% Education 3% Facilities <1% Under Construction
1% Vacant
Source: City of Inglewood 2024
LAND USE
14 Hotels
Retail
Office
Industrial
+740
rooms
2.3k rooms
existing
+116k–233k sf
+570k sf
+500k–625k sf
+8.8k–10kunits
Multifamily Residential
5.5M sf
existing
3.5M sf
existing
6.1M sfexisting
12.9k unitsexisting
Retail. Based on stakeholder and community outreach
feedback, there appears to be a strong desire for mixed- use developments, including the blending
of residential and retail uses. Using the
existing RHNA numbers, it is observed
that the City needs to show capacity to
build approximately 930 residential units per
year. Given that in a mixed-use development,
approximately 5 to 10 SF of retail/restaurant
space would be built per residential unit, it was
calculated that the City could potentially add
between 4,650 and 9,300 SF of retail per
year (or 116,250 to 232,500 SF over
the next 25 years).
Multifamily. Going forward, the
City could potentially add 350 to 400
units per year (or between 8,750 and 10,000
units over the next 25 years). Ensuring proper
mixed-use zoning in key corridors throughout the
city, such as Century Blvd., Imperial Hwy., and Market
St., is critical to meet that future demand.
Source: Kosmont Companies 2024
DEVELOPMENT
Office. Given the limited demand,
it is anticipated that future office
development would likely replace
or reimagine existing office space.
Roughly 82% of the city’s office space is
over 40 years old. Over the next 25 years,
approximately 20% of that space (570,000
SF) has the potential to be reimagined
or redeveloped, particularly into high-
demand office uses, such as medical
office.
Industrial. Over the last ten years,
the City added approximately 20,000
SF of industrial space per year. Given
the high demand for industrial uses and
assuming similar construction trends, there is
demand for approximately 20,000 to 25,000
SF of industrial space per year (or 500,000 to
625,000 SF over the next 25 years).
Hotels. Inglewood’s hospitality
industry is poised for significant
growth, driven in part by the opening
of SoFi Stadium in September 2020, a
cornerstone of the Hollywood Park/
sports-entertainment complex. Along with
YouTube Theater, The Shops at Hollywood
Park, and the recently opened Intuit
Dome, these developments are expected
to increase both local and out-of-town
visitation, stimulating demand for hotel
rooms. Major international events such as
the 2026 FIFA World Cup, the 2027 Super
Bowl, and the 2028 Summer Olympics
will further contribute to this demand.
Inglewood is already seeing movement in
the hotel pipeline, with four projects in final
planning or proposed, totaling 744 rooms.
Potential Future Development
15 La Cienega Blvd
Inglewood Ave
Crenshaw Blvd
Prairie Ave
Van Ness Ave
Century Blvd
Arbor Vitae St
La Brea Ave
Hawthorne Blvd
Imperial Hwy
Market St
Centinela Ave
Florence Ave
405
105
7-min. Walkshed,
Small Park (1/3 mile)
Park
10-min. Walkshed,
Medium Park (1/2 mile)
20-min. Walkshed,
Large Park (1 mile)
OUR PARKS
There are ten public parks in
the City of Inglewood. The City’s
Parks, Recreation and Community
Services Department also
maintains the historic Centinela
Adobe and its grounds as a
historic landmark and museum.
The 1995 Open Space Element
applied a 1-mile service radius
for Edward Vincent Park, given its
status of a Large Park. A 0.5-mile
radius was applied to medium
size parks (typically about 10
acres); and a 0.33-mile radius
was applied to small parks under
2 acres. Using these service
radii, the element identifies
two major areas of the city
lacking in parkland: Southwest
Inglewood and the Lockhaven
Neighborhood.
Parks & Walking
Distance
Source: LA County 2024, PlaceWorks 2024
16 La Cienega Blvd
Inglewood Ave
Crenshaw Blvd
Prairie Ave
Van Ness Ave
Century Blvd
Arbor Vitae St
La Brea Ave
Hawthorne Blvd
Imperial Hwy
Market St
Centinela Ave
Florence Ave
405
105
Freeways
Major
Arterial
Minor
Arterial
Collector
Roads
Local Roads
Inglewood has five main roadway
types: freeways, arterials (major
and minor arterials), collectors,
and local streets. Inglewood’s
roadways are generally designed
for vehicles and predominantly
used by vehicles. Automobile
trips (both single occupancy
vehicles and carpool) constitute
about 75 percent of total
commute trips.
Community members have
voiced concerns about the
increase in vehicular traffic
in the city, particularly in
neighborhoods adjacent to new
sports and entertainment venues.
Roadway
Network
Source: City of Inglewood 2024
18 HOW WE MOVE AROUND
La Cienega Blvd
Inglewood Ave
Crenshaw Blvd
Prairie Ave
Van Ness Ave
Century Blvd
Arbor Vitae St
La Brea Ave
Hawthorne Blvd
Imperial Hwy
Market St
Centinela Ave
Florence Ave
405
105
LA Metro
Bus Lines
I-Line
Shuttle
Other Transit
The Link
Torrance Transit
LA Metro
Rail Lines
Bicycle Lanes
Transit service in Inglewood is
currently served by multiple
agencies and programs. With
nine bus lines, LA Metro is
the biggest provider of fixed-
route buses throughout the
city. LA Metro also has three
light-rail stations within the
city boundaries. Other transit
operators include Torrance
Transit, which has one fixed route,
and the Link-Lennox and Link-
Athens, which are operated by
Los Angeles County to serve the
Lennox and Athens communities
but have stops in Inglewood.
Despite having multiple transit
options, the City does not have
any formal transit hub. Several
transit routes serve the LA Metro
K Line Downtown Inglewood
Station and Downtown
Inglewood, which could serve
as a potential transit hub in the
future.
3.2 miles of bikeways make up
the existing bicycle network.
Transit & Bike
Routes
Source: Caltrans 2024; LA Metro 2024; SCAG, 2022
19 HOW WE MOVE AROUND
La Cienega Blvd
Inglewood Ave
Crenshaw Blvd
Prairie Ave
Van Ness Ave
Century Blvd
Arbor Vitae St
La Brea Ave
Hawthorne Blvd
Imperial Hwy
Market St
Centinela Ave
Florence Ave
405
105
Community Center
Police Station
Fire Station
Library
School
OUR FACILITIES
The Lockhaven
Center at 11125
Doty Avenue acts
as the city’s primary
community center, while the
Senior Center at 111 Locust
Street serves Inglewood’s senior
citizens.
Public Facilities
Source: City of Inglewood 2024; LA County 2024;
IUSD, EdDATA 2024
The City of
Inglewood is
primarily served
by the Inglewood
Unified School District (IUSD).
A small portion of southwest
Inglewood is served by the
Lennox School District. Several
private and charter schools also
serve the community. Due to
declining enrollment, the cost
of payments, and increased
operating costs, IUSD has
decided to close five schools by
the end of the 2025-26 school
year. Concurrently, IUSD will
make significant investments in
improving its remaining facilities.
20 OUR INFRASTRUCTURE
There are three library facilities
operated by the City’s Parks,
Recreation and Community
Services Department. In
general, the number of books is considered
adequate by the Department. However, the
current space configurations of the three
libraries presents challenges for programs
and general public use.
The City of Inglewood Police
Department is responsible
for protecting residents
and property within the city
limits. The department is headquartered
at 1 Manchester Boulevard and has three
additional Police Community Centers
located elsewhere in the city.
The City of Inglewood contracts
with the Los Angeles County
Fire Department for fire
services within the city limits.
LA County Fire’s Division VI, Battalion 20, is
the primary responder for medical and fire
emergencies in Inglewood. Battalion 20’s
headquarters is Station 171 on West Regent
Street, and other fire stations throughout
the city include Stations 170, 172, and 173.
The City is served by three water purveyors; the City’s water utility department, Golden State Water Company Southwest (GSWC
Southwest), and California America Water Company’s (CAWC) Southern Division Los Angeles County District. The City’s water utility department provides water to 86 percent of the residences and businesses in Inglewood.
The City provides wastewater service to the community through a collection system comprising 149 miles of gravity sewer pipes.
The City is part of Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts’ (LACSD) District No. 5. The majority of sewers tie directly into Los Angeles LACSD trunk lines crossing the city primarily in arterial streets.
There are two LACSD-owned pumping stations in the city and approximately 200 connections to LACSD trunk sewers, which send the city’s wastewater south to LACSD’s A.K. Warren Water Resource Facility (Warren Facility) in the city of Carson for treatment and disposal of wastewater.
The city sits in two watersheds, the Dominguez Channel and Santa Monica Bay watersheds. Each watershed comprises a number of channels that ultimately deliver stormwater to the Pacific Ocean. The city is largely built out with a storm drain system consisting of catch basins and storm drain lines owned by the City, Los Angeles County Flood Control District (LACFCD), and the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) that convey stormwater runoff within roadways and underground.
Who Manages Our Water,
Stormwater, & Wastewater?
21 La Cienega Blvd
Inglewood Ave
Crenshaw Blvd
Prairie Ave
Van Ness Ave
Century Blvd
Arbor Vitae St
La Brea Ave
Hawthorne Blvd
Imperial Hwy
Market St
Centinela Ave
Florence Ave
405
105
65 dBA
70 dBA
75 dBA
Aircraft overflights occur
regularly because Inglewood
is adjacent to Los Angeles
International Airport to the
west and Hawthorne Municipal
Airport to the south. The Los
Angeles County Airport Land Use
Commission is responsible for
promoting land use compatibility
around the County’s airports
in order to minimize public
exposure to excessive noise
and safety hazards, and the
Commission’s Los Angeles
County Airport Land Use Plan
identifies noise compatibility
zones in the form of airport
noise contour graphics that are
intended to prevent development
that is incompatible with airport
operations. Approximately 25
percent of the dwelling units in
the city are within the projected
65 dB CNEL noise exposure
area, as described in the 1987
Noise Element of the Inglewood
General Plan.
Aircraft Noise
Source: LA County 2022
RISKS & HAZARDS
22 La Cienega Blvd
Inglewood Ave
Crenshaw Blvd
Prairie Ave
Van Ness Ave
Century Blvd
Arbor Vitae St
La Brea Ave
Hawthorne Blvd
Imperial Hwy
Market St
Centinela Ave
Florence Ave
405
105
Newport-Inglewood-Rose
Canyon Fault Zone
OverlandAve Fault
Charnock Fault
Liquefaction Zones
Fault Zones
Faults
The city is in a seismically
active region and faces a high
probability of severe shaking
due to an earthquake about
every thirty years. Alquist-Priolo
Fault Zones are regulatory zones
surrounding the surface traces
of active faults. Alquist-Priolo
Fault Zones in and near the city
include the Newport-Inglewood
Fault, which is an active fault line
running through the city, and
the Palos Verdes Fault, which
runs west of the city. Quaternary
faults, which are typically small
fissures in the earth’s crust that
have moved within the past 1.6
million years, also exist in and
around the city, such as the
Overland Avenue fault and the
Charnock Fault. Liquefaction
refers to loose, saturated sand,
or gravel deposits that lose their
load-supporting capability when
subjected to intense shaking.
There is one Liquefaction Zone in
the northwest area of Inglewood.
Seismic Risks
RISKS & HAZARDS
Source: USGS 2024, PlaceWorks 2024
23 CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE FUTURE
] As a highly urbanized and built-out area, the City of Inglewood has few parcels remaining for development.
Consequently, development of new housing, commercial,
and other uses will occur as infill of vacant and
underutilized properties or replacement of existing uses. ] Development is characterized by a diversity of
residential neighborhoods within which are a mix of
local and region-serving destinations. Balancing and
maintaining small local businesses with major sports and entertainment uses and their respective impacts and
benefits will continue to be a challenge.
] Once the center of community identity and culture,
downtown Inglewood suffers due to the lack of
investment, inactivity, and competition from other
commercial centers. Its history and physical form with
buildings fronting onto landscaped street frontages offers the opportunity for revitalization and enhancement.
] Inglewood’s strip commercial corridors face a number of challenges, such as lack of parking, storefront vacancies, and uncertainty about their maintenance, improvement,
and appropriate uses over time. These corridors have the potential to serve as centers of neighborhood activity in the way that the Market Street District has in the past and aims to do again.
] Inglewood’s pattern of land uses illustrates the typical suburban form of many Southern California communities,
with its background of low density residential
neighborhoods punctuated by several high-activity
centers of activity and crossed by strip commercial
corridors, primarily inducing travel by the automobile. ] These forms of development pattern necessitate primary travel by the automobile affecting air quality, levels of greenhouse gas emissions, public health, and residents’ quality of life.
] Recent transportation investments—the construction
of K Line transit stations—and the integration of
future development with this infrastructure provides
opportunities to reduce these impacts.
] Redevelopment of existing commercial centers provides the opportunity to integrate and orient multiple uses
around common plazas and pedestrian-oriented spaces,
as exemplified, at a much larger scale, by the So Fi
Stadium/Hollywood Park community.
Land Use Urban Form
CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE FUTURE
] The expected increase in visitors due to the City’s
investments in sports and entertainment venues, along
with new residents from expanded housing development,
is likely to boost local spending power—provided the
City offers experiential and essential retail options that complement its entertainment attractions.
] The categories of retail sales that could capture spending that currently leaves the city includes bars/drinking
places, full-service restaurants, auto parts stores, auto dealers, building materials stores, home furnishings
stores, and health and personal care stores.
] The asset classes exhibiting significant growth for the future include multifamily residential and hospitality. ] To mitigate the significant job outmigration in Inglewood, with many residents commuting outside the city for work because local jobs may not align with residents’ abilities this, Inglewood should attract growth industries that
match the skills of its residents and enhance workforce programs that align training with local industry needs. ] Many properties are understood to be culturally
important through public awareness and education
efforts by the City and nonprofit organizations. However, the historic significance of these properties and/or
their eligibility for listing as historic resources has not necessarily been officially determined or recognized.
] Increased recognition and protection of the city’s
significant historical, cultural, and architectural heritage can greatly enhance community identity, fostering a
unique sense of place that resonates with residents and visitors
Economy Historic Resources
25 ] As Inglewood continues to experience changes
in population composition, household size, and
employment patterns, City planners must consider
strategic approaches to housing affordability, economic development, and transportation infrastructure. These
factors will shape the City’s ability to meet and support future demands for its diverse population and ultimately foster sustainable growth.
] By prioritizing housing diversity and affordability, aligning economic development with resident skills, and investing in education and workforce development, Inglewood can
address current challenges and capitalize on emerging
opportunities.
] Many of the City’s commercial land uses are located
along auto-oriented transportation corridors where
businesses are separated from either side and create
unpleasant public realms. Better design of public streets that complement existing land uses can create new public spaces that people can enjoy while supporting local
businesses.
] To accommodate a growing city while providing transit access, the City needs to continue to seek opportunities to implement existing TOD plans and develop new plans
around future transit hubs.
] Active transportation such as walking and biking are
low-cost transportation modes that contribute to a
sustainable, equitable mobility system and improve local quality of life.
] Given the increased popularity of the sports-
entertainment venues, the City needs to continuously
develop new policies and infrastructure to mitigate traffic impacts on surrounding neighborhoods, while providing
more efficient, sustainable, and equitable transportation options.
Demographics Circulation
CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE FUTURE
26 ] As Inglewood grows, the City’s backbone infrastructure systems (water, wastewater, and stormwater and water
quality) will experience increase demands and may need
to modify and/or expand current services to ensure that its residents and businesses are adequately and safely
served.
] Future construction needs to be grounded by the use
of sustainable design strategies contributing to the
sustainability of water resources.
] The City of Inglewood has existing mitigation measures to address various challenges associated with the
natural environment. However, public comments
indicate a strong interest in expanding green spaces and renewable energy, increasing tree canopy cover, and
improving noise and stormwater management. Future
planning will need to account for these concerns while
continuing efforts to address air pollution and enhance green infrastructure, supporting both environmental
sustainability and public health.
] As Inglewood grows, the City will experience increased demands for its diversity of public services and facilities and may need to modify and/or expand these to ensure
that its residents and businesses are adequately and
safely served.
] Public facility capital improvements will need to
incorporate sustainable construction and operational
practices.
Infrastructure Natural Environment
Public Services &
Facilities
CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE FUTURE
27