Agenda packet — Kerman City Council, March 8, 2023 (part 1 of 2)

CITY COUNCIL REGULAR MEETING AGENDA
Wednesday, March 8, 2023 at 6:00 PM
Kerman City Hall, 850 S. Madera Avenue, Kerman, CA 93630

1. OPENING CEREMONIES
A. Welcome - Mayor
B. Call to Order
C. Roll Call
D. Invocation
At this time the Council wishes to provide anyone an opportunity to give a brief invocation or inspirational thought. In accordance with law, we would request this opportunity not be used to recruit converts, to advance anyone, or to disparage any other faith or belief. If no one steps forward, we will observe a moment of silence so that we may all focus our thoughts on how best to serve our community.

E. Pledge of Allegiance

2. AGENDA APPROVAL/ADDITIONS/DELETIONS
To accommodate members of the public or convenience in the order of presentation, items on the agenda may not be presented or acted upon in the order listed.

3. PRESENTATIONS/CEREMONIAL MATTERS
A. Hector Corral, Representative, California Public Utilities Commission (JAJ)

4. REQUEST TO ADDRESS COUNCIL
This portion of the meeting is reserved for members of the public to address the Council on items of interest that are not on the Agenda and are within the subject matter jurisdiction of the Council.

Speakers shall be limited to three minutes. It is requested that no comments be made during this period on items on the Agenda. Members of the public wishing to address the Council on items on the Agenda should notify the Mayor when that Agenda item is called, and the Mayor will recognize your discussion at that time. It should be noted that the Council is prohibited by law from taking any action on matters discussed that are not on the Agenda. Speakers are asked to please use the microphone, and provide their name and address.
1 5. CONSENT CALENDAR
Matters listed under the Consent Calendar are considered routine and will be enacted by one motion and one vote. There will be no separate discussion of these items. If discussion is desired, a member of the audience or a Council Member may request an item be removed from the Consent Calendar and it will be considered separately.

A. SUBJECT: Minutes - February 22, 2023 (MR)
RECOMMENDATION: Council approve minutes as presented.

B. SUBJECT: Payroll (JA)
01/22/23 - 02/04/23: $172,026.46; Retro Pay & Other: $87.83; Overtime: $8,223.47; Standby:
$1,181.63; Comp Time Earned: 39.75
RECOMMENDATION: Council approve payroll as presented.

C. SUBJECT: Warrants (JA)

1. Nos. 26122-26209 $486,194.16 ACH $82,238.92
RECOMMENDATION: Council approves warrants and electronic bank transfers as presented. (Pursuant to Government Code 37208)

6. PUBLIC HEARINGS
These hearings are scheduled at the time stated and will be heard by the Council as close to the time stated as possible.

A. SUBJECT: Consideration of Mitigated Negative Declaration under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) for Kerman Sewer System Improvements Project (MB) RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends Council conduct public hearing and approve Resolution adopting the Mitigated Negative Declaration for the Kerman Sewer System Improvements Project.

7. DEPARTMENT REPORTS
A. SUBJECT: Resolution Approving License Agreement with Kerman Community Food Bank for use of Caring Center located at 14660 W. D Street Adjacent to Kerman Senior Center (TJ) RECOMMENDATION: Council by motion to adopt resolution approving license agreement with Kerman Community Food Bank for use of Caring Center located at 14660 W. D. Street adjacent to Kerman Senior Center.
2 8. CITY MANAGER/STAFF COMMUNICATIONS

9. MAYOR/COUNCIL REPORTS/ANNOUNCEMENTS/FUTURE AGENDA ITEMS:

This portion of the meeting is reserved for the Mayor and Councilmembers (i) to make brief reports on boards, committees, and other public agencies, and at public events, (ii) to request updates, (iii) to initiate future agenda items at the request of any one Council Member, and (iv) to take action on matters initiated under this section of the agenda. (Under this section the Council may take action only on items specifically agenized and which meet other requirements for action.) A. SJV REAP Committee - Council Member Yep

10. CLOSED SESSION
None

11. ADJOURNMENT
NOTICE OF AVAILABILITY OF AGENDA MATERIALS: Any writings or documents provided to a majority of the City Council within 72 hours of the meeting regarding any item on this agenda will be made available for public inspection at the City Clerk’s Office located at 850 S. Madera Ave., Kerman, CA 93630 and on the City website at www.cityofkerman.net.

ADA Compliance and Reasonable Accommodation. The Council has adopted a Reasonable Accommodation Policy, which is available on the City website at www.cityofkerman.net or upon request by emailing the City Clerk at [email protected] or calling (559) 846-9380. The Policy provides a procedure for receiving and resolving requests for accommodation to participate in this meeting. If you need assistance in order to attend this Council meeting or require auxiliary aids or services, e.g., hearing aids or signing services to make a presentation to the Council, please contact the City Clerk at (559) 846-9380 or email at [email protected] so such aids or services can be arranged. Accommodations should be requested as early as possible as additional time may be required in order to provide the requested accommodation. The meeting room is accessible to persons with physical disabilities.

AGENDA POSTING CERTIFICATION
I, Marci Reyes, City Clerk for the City of Kerman, do hereby declare under penalty of perjury that I caused the above agenda to be posted at City of Kerman Council Chambers at 850 S. Madera Ave., Kerman, CA 93630 and on the City website at www.cityofkerman.net.

Date: March 2, 2023 /s/ Marci Reyes, City Clerk
3 CITY COUNCIL REGULAR MEETING MINUTES
Wednesday, February 22, 2023 at 6:00 PM
Kerman City Hall, 850 S. Madera Avenue, Kerman, CA 93630

1. OPENING CEREMONIES
A. Welcome - Mayor
B. Call to Order - 6:01 p.m.

C. Roll Call - All present except Mayor Pro Tem Nijjer.

D. Invocation - City Clerk.

E. Pledge of Allegiance - Performed.

2. AGENDA APPROVAL / ADDITIONS / DELETIONS
Motion made by Council Member Yep, Seconded by Council Member Coleman. Voting Yea:

Mayor Pacheco, Council Member Herrera

3. PRESENTATIONS / CEREMONIAL MATTERS - None.

4. REQUEST TO ADDRESS COUNCIL - None.

5. CONSENT CALENDAR
Motion made by Council Member Yep, Seconded by Council Member Coleman. Voting Yea:

Mayor Pacheco, Council Member Herrera
A. SUBJECT: Minutes February 8, 2023
RECOMMENDATION: Council approve minutes as presented.

B. SUBJECT: Payroll
01/02/23 - 01/21/23: $168,967.57; Retro Pay & Other: $1,136.90; Overtime: $9,209.24; Holiday at 1/2 Time: $915.66; Standby: $1,496.28; Comp Time Earned: 55.50 RECOMMENDATION: Council approve payroll as presented.

C. SUBJECT: Warrants (JA)

1. Nos. 25992-26116 $371,351.98 ACH $124,599.65
RECOMMENDATION: Council approves warrants and electronic bank transfers as presented. (Pursuant to Government Code 37208)
4 Section 5, Item A.

D. SUBJECT: Monthly Investment Report
RECOMMENDATION: Council accept monthly investment report as presented.

E. SUBJECT: Ordinance Adding Chapter 1.36 To Title 1 of the Kerman Municipal Code Relating to a Master Fee Schedule and Amending Section 5.04.090 Of Chapter 5.04, Section 5.24.040 of Chapter 5.24, Section 5.26.030 of Chapter 5.26, and Section 12.28.050 of Chapter 12.28 Regarding User and Regulatory Fees (JA)
RECOMMENDATION: Council by motion waive full second reading and adopt Ordinance Adding Chapter 1.36 To Title 1 of the Kerman Municipal Code Relating to a Master Fee Schedule and Amending Section 5.04.090 Of Chapter 5.04, Section 5.24.040 of Chapter 5.24, Section 5.26.030 of Chapter 5.26, and Section 12.28.050 of Chapter 12.28 Regarding User and Regulatory Fees.

Ord 23-01
F. SUBJECT: Approving Agreements with San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution District for the Replacement of five Vehicles with Alternative Fuel Vehicles (Projects G-145425, G-145426, G145427, G-145428 and G-145429) and authorize the City Manager to Execute the Agreements RECOMMENDATION: Council by motion adopt resolution approving the agreements with San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District to purchase five alternative fuel vehicles (Projects G- 145425, G-145426, G-145427, G-145428 and G-145429) and authorize the City Manager to execute the agreements. Res 23-12
G. SUBJECT: Rescinding Resolution 20-15 Proclaiming a Local Emergency within the City due to COVID-19 (JAJ)
RECOMMENDATION: Council by motion adopt a resolution rescinding Resolution No. 20-15 terminating the proclamation of a local emergency within the City due to COVID-19. Res 23-13 H. SUBJECT: Amendment and Extension of Professional Services Agreement with Hamner, Jewell & Associates, DBE of Beacon Integrated Professional Resources, Inc., a California S Corporation, for Real Property Acquisition Services (JAJ)
RECOMMENDATION: Council by motion adopt resolution approving Amendment Number 1 to Professional Services Agreement with Hamner, Jewell & Associates, DBE of Beacon Integrated Professional Resources, Inc., A California S Corporation, for real property acquisition services.

Res 23-14

6. PUBLIC HEARINGS - None.

7. DEPARTMENT REPORTS
A. SUBJECT: A Request for Public Convenience or Necessity for a Type 20 (Off-Sale Beer and Wine) ABC License for Vikram Vohra and Vinay Vohra (Fast N Easy) Located at 14195 W Whitesbridge Rd. (JRO)
5 Section 5, Item A.

RECOMMENDATION: Council by motion, review and consider adoption of a Resolution Adopting Findings of Public Convenience or Necessity for a Type 20 (Off-Sale Beer & Wine) ABC License for Vikram Vohra and Vinay Vohra (Fast N Easy) Located at 14195 W Whitesbridge Rd. (which is pending consideration of a Conditional Use Permit).

Council Member Yep recuse due to sale of alcohol. Left meeting 6:07 p.m. Cynthia Rocha, YLI
Item tabled until next meeting, March 8, 2023. Motion made by Council Member Coleman, Seconded by Council Member Herrera. Voting Yea: Mayor Pacheco. Abstaining: Council Member Yep (returned to meeting 6:30 p.m.)
B. SUBJECT: Continued Discussion of Request by Mayor Pacheco for City Council Consideration to Host Fresno City College Associated Student Government and Mock Student Trial with Kerman High School in 2023 (JAJ).

RECOMMENDATION: Council continue discussion of request by Mayor Pacheco to host Fresno City College Associated Student Government and Mock Student Trial with Kerman High School in 2023 and direct staff accordingly.

Motion made by Council Member Herrera, Seconded by Council Member Coleman. Voting Yea:

Mayor Pacheco, Council Member Yep
C. SUBJECT: Consideration of City Council Attendance at California League of Cities, City Leaders Summit (JAJ)
RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends Council approve attendance of the Mayor and Mayor Pro Tem, or alternatively, any one or two Council Members at the California League of Cities, City Leaders Summit in Sacramento on April 12 through April 14, 2023.

Mayor Pacheco will attend. Motion made by Council Member Herrera, Seconded by Council Member Coleman. Voting Yea: Mayor Pacheco, Council Member Yep

8. CITY MANAGER / STAFF COMMUNICATIONS

9. MAYOR / COUNCIL REPORTS

10. CLOSED SESSION - None.

11. ADJOURNMENT - 7:17 p.m.

MINUTES CERTIFICATION
I, MARCI REYES, City Clerk for the City of Kerman, do hereby declare under penalty of perjury that the above Minutes are a true depiction of all actions taken at the City Council meeting held on the first date above written at Kerman City Hall, 850 S. Madera Ave, Kerman, CA.

Date: February 23, 2023 ____________________
Marci Reyes, City Clerk
6 Section 5, Item A.

CITY OF KERMAN

PAYROLL REPORT

RETRO PAY GROSS COMP TIME
EMPLOYEE SALARY & Other HOURS AMOUNT HOURS AMOUNT HOURS AMOUNT SALARY EARNED

ADMINISTRATION
Alvarez, Josefina $ 3,572.18 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 3,572.18 - Camacho, Josie $ 2,515.54 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 2,515.54 3.38 Cheema, Akayla $ 2,356.62 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 2,356.62 0.38 Gonzalez, Diana $ 3,553.84 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 3,553.84 - Jansons, John $ 6,678.60 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 6,678.60 - Linares, Vanessa $ 1,566.15 $ 2.65 3.00 $ 85.28 - $ - - $ - $ 1,654.09 4.50 Lopez, Jacqueline $ 2,221.08 $ - 6.25 $ 254.42 - $ - - $ - $ 2,475.50 - Mendoza, Gabriela $ 2,019.38 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 2,019.38 - Reyes, Marcia $ 3,669.51 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 3,669.51 - Sandoval, Veronica $ 1,494.15 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,494.15 6.00 TOTAL $ 29,647.06 $ 2.65 9.25 $ 339.71 - $ - - $ - $ 29,989.42 8.25

REC/SOCIAL
Acosta-Parra, Melany $ 93.00 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 93.00 - Brar, Manreet $ 93.00 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 93.00 -
Burdine-Slaven, Jeanna $ 2,248.62 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 2,248.62 - Crow, Shannon $ 1,678.15 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,678.15 - Escamilla, Paloma $ 77.50 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 77.50 - Flores, Haley $ 1,678.15 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,678.15 - Garcia, Anthony $ 1,439.08 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,439.08 - Hurlbert, Ronald $ 515.38 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 515.38 - Jauriqui, Jose $ 594.00 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 594.00 - Johnson, Theresa $ 3,186.62 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 3,186.62 - Martinez, Aylah $ 589.00 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 589.00 - Martinez, Jeness $ 240.25 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 240.25 - Martinez Lopez, Jose $ 589.00 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 589.00 - Negrete, Dean $ 1,586.31 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,586.31 - Pena, Alexis $ 93.00 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 93.00 -
Pena, Mercedes $ 263.50 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 263.50 - Ruiz, Rosalba $ 643.50 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 643.50 - Salvador, Mark $ 2,922.72 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 2,922.72 - Sidhu, Nirmal $ 2,054.77 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 2,054.77 - Silva, Jessica $ 414.63 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 414.63 - Villarreal, Arlene $ 2,080.14 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 2,080.14 - TOTAL $ 23,080.30 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 23,080.30 - POLICE
Antuna, Miguel $ 2,714.12 $ - 22.00 $1,066.26 - $ - - $ - $ 3,780.39 - Arciga, Jose $ 2,358.91 $ - 6.00 $ 250.06 - $ - - $ - $ 2,608.97 - Barbosa, Isaias $ 2,902.48 $ 85.18 20.00 $1,027.67 - $ - - $ - $ 4,015.33 7.50 Barcoma, Wilbert $ 4,272.23 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 4,272.23 - Barra, Brenden $ 2,070.80 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 2,070.80 9.00 Belding, Jeff $ 3,578.45 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 3,578.45 - Castro, Jaclynn $ 2,031.42 $ - 3.00 $ 105.48 - $ - - $ - $ 2,136.90 - Chapman, Tom $ 3,435.42 $ - 5.50 $ 331.27 - $ - 4.00 $ 40.15 $ 3,806.85 - Clark, Patrick $ 2,382.12 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 2,382.12 - Coronado, Krystal $ 2,018.15 $ - 1.50 $ 54.06 - $ - - $ - $ 2,072.20 - Corrales, Edith $ 1,015.00 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,015.00 - Cubillos, Theresa $ 1,382.19 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,382.19 - Gempis, Danzel $ 1,875.23 $ - 1.00 $ 33.49 - $ - - $ - $ 1,908.72 - Golden, John $ 5,005.20 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 5,005.20 - Gutierrez, Gloria $ 2,135.40 $ - 9.19 $ 361.14 - $ - - $ - $ 2,496.54 - Inthasone, Bryant $ 1,968.92 $ - 2.00 $ 70.32 - $ - 2.00 $ 11.72 $ 2,050.96 - Irazoqui, Mario $ 1,706.86 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,706.86 - Levandusky, James $ 2,342.13 $ - 1.00 $ 40.71 - $ - - $ - $ 2,382.84 - Lopez, Matt $ 637.50 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 637.50 -
Lozano, Daniel $ 1,521.20 $ - 3.00 $ 85.57 - $ - - $ - $ 1,606.77 - Lozano, Patricia $ 1,320.46 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,320.46 - Mendoza, Sandra $ 3,003.00 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 3,003.00 - Molina, Jesus $ 2,305.19 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 2,305.19 - Quintanilla, Rodolfo $ 2,080.65 $ - - $ - - $ - 1.00 $ 6.01 $ 2,086.65 - PAY PERIOD: January 22, 2023 - February 04, 2023
OVERTIME HOLIDAY at 1/2 TIME STANDBY

Page 1 of 2 ends

Section 5, Item B.

CITY OF KERMAN

PAYROLL REPORT

RETRO PAY GROSS COMP TIME
EMPLOYEE SALARY & Other HOURS AMOUNT HOURS AMOUNT HOURS AMOUNT SALARY EARNED PAY PERIOD: January 22, 2023 - February 04, 2023
OVERTIME HOLIDAY at 1/2 TIME STANDBY
Rodrigues, Mary $ 2,257.69 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 2,257.69 1.50 Ruiz, Jose $ 1,984.61 $ - 14.00 $ 480.53 - $ - - $ - $ 2,465.14 - Vasquez, Francisco $ 1,947.11 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,947.11 - Velez, Bernice $ 1,645.36 $ - 12.00 $ 370.21 - $ - - $ - $ 2,015.57 - TOTAL: $ 66,130.54 $ 85.18 100.19 $ 4,276.76 - $ - $ 7.00 57.88 $ 70,550.36 18.00

PUBLIC WORKS
Arrellano, Antonio $ 1,715.69 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,715.69 - Barajas, Michael $ 3,583.56 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 3,583.56 - Camacho, Armando $ 1,799.23 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,799.23 - Castro, Joseph $ 2,818.52 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 2,818.52 - Cervantes, Pedro $ 1,420.31 $ - 50.66 $1,403.02 - $ - 32.00 $ 548.12 $ 3,371.45 - Garcia, Destiny $ 1,715.23 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,715.23 - Garcia, Guadalupe $ 1,420.31 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,420.31 3.00 Gastelum, Humberto $ 2,922.72 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 2,922.72 - Gutierrez Olivarez, Norberto $ 1,511.08 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,511.08 - Hernandez, Julian $ 1,715.69 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,715.69 - Isaak, Denise $ 2,182.15 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 2,182.15 - Jimenez, Gabriela $ 1,489.08 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,489.08 - Kaur, Harmeen $ 1,848.64 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,848.64 - Lopez, Josue $ 1,489.08 $ - 64.25 $1,897.78 - $ - 32.00 $ 575.63 $ 3,962.49 - Morales, Andres $ 1,715.69 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,715.69 - Ortiz, Carlos $ 1,825.08 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,825.08 - Perez, Ruben Lopez $ 1,775.08 $ - 4.00 $ 133.13 - $ - - $ - $ 1,908.21 - Ramirez, Manuel $ 2,516.00 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 2,516.00 - Rivera, Coty $ 2,057.54 $ - 4.24 $ 109.05 - $ - - $ - $ 2,166.59 4.50 Rodriguez, Eduardo $ 1,305.23 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,305.23 - Sanchez, Daniel $ 2,507.48 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 2,507.48 3.00 Soto, Samuel $ 1,757.34 $ - 2.00 $ 64.03 - $ - - $ - $ 1,821.36 - Tinoco, Alfonso $ 2,210.46 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 2,210.46 3.00 TOTAL $ 45,301.18 $ - 125.15 $ 3,607.01 - $ - 64.00 $ 1,123.75 $ 50,031.94 13.50

PLANNING
Campos, Manuel $ 1,759.54 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,759.54 - Martinez, Mabel $ 1,889.69 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 1,889.69 - Orozco, Jesus $ 3,593.15 $ - - $ - - $ - - $ - $ 3,593.15 - TOTAL $ 7,242.38 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 7,242.38 $ -

PLANNING COUNCIL
Bandy, R $ - Yep, G $ 125.00
Molloy, Cory $ - Herrera, I $ 125.00
Jones, C $ - Nijjer, B $ 125.00
Nunez, M $ - Coleman, J $ 125.00
Felker, R $ - Pacheco, M $ 125.00
Bishop, S $ -
Villar, V $ -
Total $ - Total $ 625.00
GRAND TOTAL: $172,026.46 $87.83 234.59 $8,223.47 - $0.00 71.00 $1,181.63 $ 181,519.39 39.75

Page 2 of 2 ends

Section 5, Item B.

Accounts Payable
User:

Printed:

Gmendoza
2/24/2023 3:36 PM
Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date
Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
26122 10271 AVENU INSIGHTS & ANALYTICS 02/15/2023
INV06-015837 ADM- SUTA SERVICE TAX QTR 09/30/22 417.78
INV06-015914 ADM- STARS SERVICE TAX 3RD QTR 2022 500.00 Total for Check Number 26122: 917.78
26123 10133 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION 02/15/2023
SL230461 STRT- SIGNALS & LIGHTING OCT-DEC 2022 1,558.27 Total for Check Number 26123: 1,558.27
26124 10162 FRESNO COUNTY TREASURER 02/15/2023
SO20243 PD- 2ND QTR PRISONER PROCESSING SERVICE 10/01/22-12/31/22 229.74 Total for Check Number 26124: 229.74
26125 10387 USA BLUE BOOK 02/15/2023
157268 SWR- WIRE MESH ELEMENT- FILTERS FOR BLOWERS 606.22 SC5591 SWR- SERVICE CHARGE FOR LATE FEE 9.34
Total for Check Number 26125: 615.56
26126 12274 WOOD BROS INC 02/15/2023
12241A SWR- SLUDGE REMOVAL AT WWTP 12,600.00
Total for Check Number 26126: 12,600.00
26127 11007 A & E INDUSTRIAL CLEANING EQUIPMENT CORPORATION 02/15/2023 45692 VE EQUIP- PRESSURE WASHER REPAIR 483.61
Total for Check Number 26127: 483.61
26128 10040 AT&T MOBILITY 02/15/2023
287286967034X02 PD- JAN MDT WIRELESS SERVICE 442.64
287287185708 PD- SRO CELL PHONES/MDT 178.84
287287978139X02 AC- JAN CELLULAR SERVICE 44.88
287287978139X02 PD- JAN CELLULAR SERVICE 411.46
287288087181X02 PD- ACT CELL PHONE IPAD SERVICE AND NEW IPAD 9 GEN 129.28 287293504071X01 VAR- REPLACEMENT PHONE FOR SCADA 28.76
287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 118.56 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 12.41 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 46.91 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 22.29 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 12.41 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 12.41 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 164.38 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 70.56 287293504071X01 VAR- REPLACEMENT PHONE FOR SCADA 28.75
287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 44.58 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 12.41 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 136.07 AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (2/24/2023 3:36 PM) Page 1 9 Section 5, Item C.

Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 22.96 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY SERVICES - TABLETS FOR FOOD BANK 01/01/23-01/31/23 80.48 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 23.95 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 44.58 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 8.89 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 118.56 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 159.55 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 22.29 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 129.40 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 44.58 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 23.71 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 159.55 287293504071X01 VAR- MONTHLY CELLULAR SERVICE FOR SERVICES 01/01/23-01/31/23 5.93 Total for Check Number 26128: 2,762.03
26129 11917 BLAIS & ASSOCIATES LLC 02/15/2023
BA_4948_2022 ADM- KRM GRANT RESEARCH AND SUPPORT 2,100.00 Total for Check Number 26129: 2,100.00
26130 10617 C A REDING CO INC 02/15/2023
659289 WTR- 50%- LANIER MPC4504 COPIES 1231-013023 41.89 659289 SWR- 50%- LANIER MPC4504 COPIES 1231-013023 41.90 Total for Check Number 26130: 83.79
26131 10078 CALIFORNIA STATE DISBURSEMENT 02/15/2023
0195001403-01 C WITHHOLDING ORDER P/R DATE 02/10/23 319.93 200000001759283 C WITHHOLDING ORDER P/R DATE 02/10/23 305.07 Total for Check Number 26131: 625.00
26132 10079 CAMCO 02/15/2023
110041 SD- WEED SPRAYING SUPPLIES 177.32
Total for Check Number 26132: 177.32
26133 11633 FAVIOLA CARDENAS 02/15/2023
035306 CC- COUNCIL MEETING SUPPLIES FEB 60.00
Total for Check Number 26133: 60.00
26134 12315 CENTRAL CALIFORNIA SPCA 02/15/2023
24669 AAC- 1 FERAL FELINE OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY CASE 23-0373 280.00 Total for Check Number 26134: 280.00
26135 10102 CODE PUBLISHING COMPANY 02/15/2023
GC00120098 CLRK- ANNUAL WEB FEES 650.00
GC00120098 CLRK- WEB UPDATE ANNUAL FEE 180.00
Total for Check Number 26135: 830.00
26136 10106 CON EDISON CLEAN ENERGY 02/15/2023
104682 REC 6%- SOLAR RESBCT 0101-013123 287.00
104682 CITY HALL 3%- SOLAR RESBCT 0101-013123 143.50
104682 VE 3%- SOLAR RESBCT 0101-013123 143.50
104682 PD 5%- SOLAR RESBCT 0101-013123 239.17
104682 WTR 71%- SOLAR RESBCT 0101-013123 3,396.23
104682 SWR- SOLAR ORIGINAL 0101-013123 3,950.44
104682 SWR- SOLAR ARRAY 2 0101-013123 1,945.59
AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (2/24/2023 3:36 PM) Page 2 10 Section 5, Item C.

Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
104682 PARKS 1%- SOLAR RESBCT 0101-013123 47.83
104682 SWR 1%- SOLAR RESBCT 0101-013123 47.83
104682 CTC 7%- SOLAR RESBCT 0101-013123 334.84
104682 SC 2%- SOLAR RESBCT 0101-013123 95.67
104682 PLAN REC 1%- SOLAR RESBCT 0101-013123 47.83
Total for Check Number 26136: 10,679.43
26137 10108 COOKS COMMUNICATIONS CORP 02/15/2023
PD REP- LIGHT BAR REPAIR #1492 (PD) 75.00
PD REP- LIGHT BAR REPAIR #1492 (PD) 225.00
PD REP- LIGHT BAR REPAIR #1492 (PD) 1,575.00
PD REP- LIGHT BAR REPAIR #1492 (PD) 136.11
PD REP- LIGHT BAR REPAIR #1492 (PD) 25.00
PD REP- LIGHT BAR REPAIR #1492 (PD) 30.00
Total for Check Number 26137: 2,066.11
26138 11874 CSG CONSULTANTS INC 02/15/2023
49200 BPO- PROFESSIONAL SERVICES- PLAN CHECK/REVIEWS 10.00 HRS 980.00 49200 BPO- PROFESSIONAL SERVICES- BLDG OFFICIAL 3.50 HRS 609.00 49200 BPO- PROFESSIONAL SERVICES- BLDG INSPECTOR 50.25 HRS 4,924.50 Total for Check Number 26138: 6,513.50
26139 10128 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 02/15/2023
634546 PD- 1 LIVE SCAN FOR APPLICANT J. ARREOLA 51.00
638172 PD- 3 BLOOD ALCOHOL ANALYSIS 105.00
Total for Check Number 26139: 156.00
26140 10139 DOOLEY ENTERPRISES INC 02/15/2023
64764 PD- AMMO 40 S&W 180 GR FULL METAL 40 S&W 180 GR RANGER T 9MM 15 5,750.73 Total for Check Number 26140: 5,750.73
26141 10157 FERGUSON ENTERPRISES INC 02/15/2023
1767764 MEDIANS- PARTS FOR METER INSTALL ON VINELAND 494.62 Total for Check Number 26141: 494.62
26142 11550 FRESNO COUNTY SHERIFFS OFFICE - CIVIL UNIT 02/15/2023 #2022-5723 C FTB-WAGE GARNISHMENT P/R DATE 02/10/23 137.00 Total for Check Number 26142: 137.00
26143 12357 DANZEL GEMPIS 02/15/2023
020823 ADM- PD REFERRAL- GARCIA 1ST INSTALLMENT 500.00
Total for Check Number 26143: 500.00
26144 10185 GRAINGER 02/15/2023
803594019 WTR- 3-UPS UNITS FOR WELL SITE VFDS 601.73
9590380003 SWR- HYDROMETER 94.99
9595502387 SWR- GP MOTOR 606.34
Total for Check Number 26144: 1,303.06
26145 11358 GREAT AMERICA FINANCIAL SERVICES02/15/2023
33423903 WTR- LANIER MP5404 COPIER PUBLIC WORKS- FEB 93.72 33423903 SWR- LANIER MP5404 COPIER PUBLIC WORKS- FEB 93.72 AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (2/24/2023 3:36 PM) Page 3 11 Section 5, Item C.

Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
Total for Check Number 26145: 187.44
26146 10204 IDTS INC 02/15/2023
40245 PD- PRE-EMPLOYMENT DRUG TEST M. IRAZOQUI (ACO) 69.00 40245 PD- NEW ENROLLMENTS A. GARCIA M. IRAZOQUI 20.00
Total for Check Number 26146: 89.00
26147 11241 JASPER ENGINE EXCHANGE INC 02/15/2023
12402008 VE REP- TRANSMISSION #1397 2,350.59
Total for Check Number 26147: 2,350.59
26148 10233 KERMAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 02/15/2023
030223 CC- 2023 ANNUAL CHAMBER DINNER 120.00
030223 ADM- 2023 ANNUAL CHAMBER DINNER 120.00
Total for Check Number 26148: 240.00
26149 10678 MAC'S EQUIPMENT INC 02/15/2023
255726 STRTS- SUPPLIES- 1 INV <$50 18.50
256254 STRTS- SUPPLIES- 1 INV <$50 42.34
256508 VE EQUIP SUPPLIES- 1 INV <$50 8.16
Total for Check Number 26149: 69.00
26150 10260 METRO UNIFORM & ACCESSORIES 02/15/2023
258842 PD- UNIFORM BELTS FOR OFC A GARCIA NEW HIRE 145.92 Total for Check Number 26150: 145.92
26151 10261 MID VALLEY DISPOSAL INC 02/15/2023
013123 SWA- ROLL OFF.FRANCHISE FEES -871.80
013123 SWA- JANUARY 2023 SW CHARGES 169,607.19
013123 SWA- CITY PORTION FOR JANUARY 2023 -33,921.44
Total for Check Number 26151: 134,813.95
26152 11965 MISSION UNIFORM SERVICE 02/15/2023
013123 VAR- UNIFORMS, MATS, SUPPLIES- SOLID WASTE 23.22 013123 VAR- UNIFORMS, MATS, SUPPLIES- BLDG/PARKS OPERATIONS 1,459.72 013123 VAR- UNIFORMS, MATS, SUPPLIES- STREETS 21.41
013123 VAR- UNIFORMS, MATS, SUPPLIES- BLDG MAINT 140.20 013123 VAR- UNIFORMS, MATS, SUPPLIES- LANDSCAPE & LIGHTING 17.14 013123 VAR- UNIFORMS, MATS, SUPPLIES- STREETS - ARTICLE VIII 19.52 013123 VAR- UNIFORMS, MATS, SUPPLIES- UNIFORMS 14.23
013123 VAR- UNIFORMS, MATS, SUPPLIES- STORM DRAIN 14.25 013123 VAR- UNIFORMS, MATS, SUPPLIES- WATER OPERATIONS 90.74 013123 VAR- UNIFORMS, MATS, SUPPLIES- SEWER OPERATIONS 86.63 013123 VAR- UNIFORMS, MATS, SUPPLIES- VEHICLES 39.50
013123 VAR- UNIFORMS, MATS, SUPPLIES- STREET FLEX - MEASURE C 26.00 Total for Check Number 26152: 1,952.56
26153 10289 P.G.& E. 02/15/2023
4647279811-8 PD- JAN PG&E 2,405.33
4939626163-5 VE- MONTHLY SERVICE 12/16/22-01/17/23 1,676.53 5467738309-0 WTR/SWR/SD- TRUE UP 12/14/22-01/22/23 401.17 5467738309-0 WTR/SWR/SD- TRUE UP 12/14/22-01/22/23 312.39 5467738309-0 WTR/SWR/SD- TRUE UP 12/14/22-01/22/23 15,778.04 5467738309-0 WTR/SWR/SD- TRUE UP 12/14/22-01/22/23 27.10 AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (2/24/2023 3:36 PM) Page 4 12 Section 5, Item C.

Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
5741309690-0 PARKS- MONTHLY SERVICE- 12/14/22-01/12/23 580.35 6825025396-7 ADM- MONTHLY UTILITIES- 6825025396-7 JAN 787.97 6825025396-7 ADM- MONTHLY UTILITIES- 6825025396-7 JAN 393.98 6825025396-7 ADM- MONTHLY UTILITIES- 6825025396-7 JAN 197.00 6825025396-7 ADM- MONTHLY UTILITIES- 6825025396-7 JAN 196.99 6825025396-7 ADM- MONTHLY UTILITIES- 6825025396-7 JAN 393.98 6825025396-7 ADM- MONTHLY UTILITIES- 6825025396-7 JAN 196.99 6825025396-7 ADM- MONTHLY UTILITIES- 6825025396-7 JAN 787.97 6825025396-7 ADM- MONTHLY UTILITIES- 6825025396-7 JAN 196.99 7660122617-8 AC- JAN PG&E 2,768.13
8542225974-8 WTR 71%- SOLAR CONNECTION FEE 12/22-01/23 304.83 8542225974-8 PD 5%- SOLAR CONNECTION FEE 12/22-01/23 21.47 8542225974-8 PARKS 1%- SOLAR CONNECTION FEE 12/22-01/23 4.30 8542225974-8 VE 3%- SOLAR CONNECTION FEE 12/22-01/23 12.88 8542225974-8 SWR 1%- SOLAR CONNECTION FEE 12/22-01/23 4.29 8542225974-8 SC 2%- SOLAR CONNECTION FEE 12/22-01/23 8.59 8542225974-8 PLAN REC 1%- SOLAR CONNECTION FEE 12/22-01/23 4.29 8542225974-8 CITY HALL 3%- SOLAR CONNECTION FEE 12/22-01/23 12.88 8542225974-8 CTC 7%- SOLAR CONNECTION FEE 12/22-01/23 30.05 8542225974-8 REC 6%- SOLAR CONNECTION FEE 12/22-01/23 25.76 Total for Check Number 26153: 27,530.25
26154 12026 PRECISION CIVIL ENGINEERING INC 02/15/2023
27742 BPO- PROFESSIONAL SERVICES- 21-009. 8 CITY OF KERMAN MULTIFAMILY 1,445.00 27745 BPO- PROFESSIONAL SERVICES- 21-009. 4 CITY OF KERMAN MULTIFAMILY 8,955.00 Total for Check Number 26154: 10,400.00
26155 10330 SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY RAILROAD-GENESEE & WYOMING INC 02/15/2023 195707 WTR- PRIVATE RD CROSSING #SJVR210212657 03/01/23-02/29/24 1,697.08 Total for Check Number 26155: 1,697.08
26156 11506 SCA OF CA LLC 02/15/2023
2022-020038 STRT- STREET SWEEPING JAN 2023 8,500.00
Total for Check Number 26156: 8,500.00
26157 11650 SITEONE LANDSCAPE SUPPLY COMPANY02/15/2023
126719762-001 SD- HERBICIDE WD40 SHADE HAT 451.38
126720379-001 SD- DIMENSION HERBICIDE 626.13
126752233-001 WTR- SUCTION PUMPS- QTY 4 302.95
Total for Check Number 26157: 1,380.46
26158 10337 SLUMBERGER LUMBER 02/15/2023
ACCT 3305 SWR- BATTERIES 18.51
ACCT 3305 VE EQUIP- HITCH FOR 1459 16.33
Total for Check Number 26158: 34.84
26159 11907 SPRINGBROOK HOLDING COMPANY LLC02/15/2023
INV-011684 FIN- MONTHLY WEB PAYMENTS JANUARY 2023 161.59 INV-011684 FIN- MONTHLY WEB PAYMENTS JANUARY 2023 584.07 INV-011684 FIN- MONTHLY WEB PAYMENTS JANUARY 2023 464.34 Total for Check Number 26159: 1,210.00
26160 10348 STATE WATER RESOURCES CNTL BOARD02/15/2023
OIT 1-S. SOTO SWR- WW OIT 1 (DUAL) SAMUEL SOTO 95.00
AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (2/24/2023 3:36 PM) Page 5 13 Section 5, Item C.

Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
Total for Check Number 26160: 95.00
26161 10381 UNITED HEALTH CENTERS 02/15/2023
0208-23-5 PD- PRE-EMPLOYMENT PHYSICAL M. IRAZOQUI (ACO) 150.00 Total for Check Number 26161: 150.00
26162 10168 UNITY IT 02/15/2023
364902 TECH- HP BUSINESS DESKTOP PRODESK 600 G6 (REPLACEMENT SGT) 1,093.86 364902 TECH- SERVER EXTENDED WARRANTY 924.00
364902 TECH- HP BUSINESS DESKTOP PRODESK 600 G6 (NEW RECORDS) 1,271.17 364902 TECH- HP BUSINESS DESKTOP PRODESK 600 G6 (REPLACEMENT RECORDS) 1,092.90 364902 TECH- SCADA SUPPORT - JAN 2023 42.50
364902 TECH- MONTHLY TECH SUPPORT SERVICES- JAN 2023 3,748.29 364902 TECH- SCADA SUPPORT - JAN 2023 42.50
Total for Check Number 26162: 8,215.22
26163 11370 VALLEY LUBE EQUIPMENT 02/15/2023
10661 VE SUPP- AIR CHUCK GUAGE NOZZLE 179.31
10662 VE SUPP- POWER CORD REEL 186.18
Total for Check Number 26163: 365.49
26164 12290 VERIZON 02/15/2023
614000036186 VE- VEHICLE TRACKING SUBSCRIPTION 010123-013123 644.30 Total for Check Number 26164: 644.30
26165 10406 WEST HILLS OIL INC 02/15/2023
76081 VE- FUEL JAN 1-15 3,489.92
76081 VE- ACT PROGRAM PD 154.17
76183 VE- ACT PROGRAM - PD 327.92
76183 VE- FUEL JAN 16-31 4,757.86
Total for Check Number 26165: 8,729.87
26166 12344 WHITE CAP LP 02/15/2023
50020849356 VE SUPP- DRYWALL CUT OUT TOOL FOR SHOP 170.04 Total for Check Number 26166: 170.04
Total for 2/15/2023: 259,894.56
26167 12285 GIERLICH MITCHELL 02/16/2023
16346 SWR- BARNES PUMP 14,166.75
Total for Check Number 26167: 14,166.75
Total for 2/16/2023: 14,166.75
26168 UB*01633 LEONOR RAMIREZ 02/21/2023
Refund Check 018780-000, 15794 W E ST 68.52
Total for Check Number 26168: 68.52
Total for 2/21/2023: 68.52
AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (2/24/2023 3:36 PM) Page 6 14 Section 5, Item C.

Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
26169 10282 OFFICE DEPOT 02/23/2023
268717929-001 CS- OFFICE SUPPLIES 12.74
269021875-001 CS- OFFICE SUPPLIES 11.42
273363252-001 CS- DEPT OFFICE SUPPLIES-RA 54.53
273399833-001 CS- PAPER TRIMMER 91.96
Total for Check Number 26169: 170.65
26170 12059 PARKINK 02/23/2023
28229 CS- PROMO FANS PARKS & REC 118.40
28229 CS- PROMO FANS PARKS & REC 280.00
28229 CS- PROMO FANS PARKS & REC 280.00
Total for Check Number 26170: 678.40
26171 10337 SLUMBERGER LUMBER 02/23/2023
012623 CS- BLDG- MAINT/REPAIR SUPPLIES 7.60
Total for Check Number 26171: 7.60
26172 10360 TERRY JOHNSON TRUCKING 02/23/2023
2004438 SD- 25.04 TONS OF FILL SAND 654.90
Total for Check Number 26172: 654.90
26173 UB*00790 RUDY ACEVES 02/23/2023
00316701 CTC- CTC DEPOSIT 02/12/23 400.00
Total for Check Number 26173: 400.00
26174 12257 AMERITAS LIFE INSURANCE CORP 02/23/2023
021423 HR- CLAIMS FUNDING ENDING 02/11/23 669.83
021723 HR- MARCH PREMIUMS 422.50
021723 HR- FEBRUARY PREMIUMS 422.50
Total for Check Number 26174: 1,514.83
26175 10035 AQUA NATURAL SOLUTIONS 02/23/2023
5060 SWR- MICROBE LIFT/SLUDGE REMOVER 957.57
Total for Check Number 26175: 957.57
26176 12359 PATRICIA ARAMBULA 02/23/2023
00327481 CTC- SH DEPOSIT 02/11/23 100.00
Total for Check Number 26176: 100.00
26177 12348 BRADY INDUSTRIES 02/23/2023
7839713 CTC- GARBAGE CAN LINERS 298.26
7848927 CS- DISINFECTANT 79.51
7848928 CS- ARSENAL CLEANER 26.84
Total for Check Number 26177: 404.61
26178 10617 C A REDING CO INC 02/23/2023
659641 CS- SC-LANIER MPC4504 JAN - REC ADMIN 30.00
659641 CS- SC-LANIER MPC4504 JAN - PLANNED REC 60.00
659641 CS- SC-LANIER MPC4504 JAN - KERMAN WELLNESS HUB 3.40 659641 CS- SC-LANIER MPC4504 JAN - YSB 19.98
659641 CS- SC-LANIER MPC4504 JAN - GENERAL COPIES 119.28 659641 CS- SC-LANIER MPC4504 JAN - SR CTR 36.00
AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (2/24/2023 3:36 PM) Page 7 15 Section 5, Item C.

Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
Total for Check Number 26178: 268.66
26179 12358 CAL VALLEY CONSTRUCTION INC 02/23/2023
PPR 01 CAP- VINELAND AVE REHAB PROJECT PMT #1 88,736.76 PPR 01 CAP- VINELAND AVE REHAB PROJECT PMT #1 30,643.09 Total for Check Number 26179: 119,379.85
26180 10099 CLEARS 02/23/2023
022123 PD- PUBLIC RECORD RECODIFICATION FORUM ROUNDTABLE 20.00 Total for Check Number 26180: 20.00
26181 11382 DATA TICKET INC 02/23/2023
147666 PD- JAN PARKING ACTIVITY 163.94
Total for Check Number 26181: 163.94
26182 12312 EXTREME CONNECTIONS 02/23/2023
002221 VE REP- SECURITY ALARM MODULE REMOTE #1516 427.72 Total for Check Number 26182: 427.72
26183 11398 FASTSIGNS 02/23/2023
FRES-96818 CS- ILLEGAL DUMPING SIGNS (1) 80.46
FRES-97096 REC- FARMERS MARKET WALKING SIGNS 245.74
Total for Check Number 26183: 326.20
26184 10157 FERGUSON ENTERPRISES INC 02/23/2023
1770295 SWR- SUPPLIES FOR SEWER LINE REPAIR 209.88
Total for Check Number 26184: 209.88
26185 10169 FRESNO PET CEMETERY 02/23/2023
44979 AAC- 20 ANIMAL CARCASSES DISPOSED OF PLUS PICK UP FEE 284.70 Total for Check Number 26185: 284.70
26186 10177 GAMETIME 02/23/2023
PJI-0202627 REC- 90 DEG ELBOW & EXIT W/HARDWARE 3,529.79 Total for Check Number 26186: 3,529.79
26187 11358 GREAT AMERICA FINANCIAL SERVICES02/23/2023
33316748 BPO- LANIER/MP C3044 COPIER- JAN 108.98
33316748 BPO- LANIER/MP C3044 COPIER- JAN 108.98
Total for Check Number 26187: 217.96
26188 11154 HEDRON ARCHITECTURE 02/23/2023
1603-36 CS- DOG RUN DESIGN/COORD/CONST- ANIMAL SHELTER 11/01/22-01/31/23 560.00 Total for Check Number 26188: 560.00
26189 10779 DENISE ISAAK 02/23/2023
021523 STRTS- REIMBURSE EXPENSE FOR MEETING 8.40
021523 SWR- REIMBURSE EXPENSE FOR MEETING 8.40
021523 PARKS- REIMBURSE EXPENSE FOR MEETING 8.40
021523 LLD- REIMBURSE EXPENSE FOR MEETING 8.40
021523 WTR- REIMBURSE EXPENSE FOR MEETING 8.40
AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (2/24/2023 3:36 PM) Page 8 16 Section 5, Item C.

Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
Total for Check Number 26189: 42.00
26190 BP-J & J & B VALLEY CONSTRUCTION INC 02/23/2023
22-RES-0041 BPO- PERMIT 22-RS-0041:15711 ORCHARD WAY 501.00 Total for Check Number 26190: 501.00
26191 11761 JOHN JANSONS 02/23/2023
020123 ADM- REIMBURSEMENT FOR LEAGUE OF CA CITIES CONFERENCE HOTEL -1,387.37 020323 ADM- TOTAL CHARGES FOR LEAGUE OF CA CITIES CONFERENCE HOTEL 1,563.38 Total for Check Number 26191: 176.01
26192 11923 JOE A GONSALVES & SON 02/23/2023
160514 ADM- PROFESSIONAL LEGISLATIVE REPRESENTATION FEB 2023 1,250.00 Total for Check Number 26192: 1,250.00
26193 10485 JP AIR CONDITIONING & HEATING 02/23/2023
6072 CS- REFILL FREON- CTC 127.50
Total for Check Number 26193: 127.50
26194 10249 LEAGUE OF CALIFORNIA CITIES 02/23/2023
8010 ADM- MEMBERSHIP DUES FOR SOUTH SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY DIVISION 2023 188.45 Total for Check Number 26194: 188.45
26195 10250 LIEBERT CASSIDY WHITMORE 02/23/2023
234075 ADM- ADMIN-HR PERSONNEL MATTER-01/2023 213.00
234495 ADM- ADMIN-HR PERSONNEL MATTER-01/2023 951.50
234507 ADM- ADMIN-HR PERSONNEL MATTER-01/2023 395.50
234553 ADM- ADMIN-HR PERSONNEL MATTER-01/2023 144.50
Total for Check Number 26195: 1,704.50
26196 11096 LOZANO SMITH LLP 02/23/2023
2181213 ADM- ADMIN-HR PERSONNE MATTER- 01/2023 460.00
Total for Check Number 26196: 460.00
26197 12081 MARIN CONSULTING ASSOCIATES 02/23/2023
14763 PD- LEADERSHIP TRAINING: ASSERTIVE SUPERVISION 750.00 14766 PD- LEADERSHIP & ACCOUNTABILITY LEADING WITH INFLUENCE 500.00 Total for Check Number 26197: 1,250.00
26198 10282 OFFICE DEPOT 02/23/2023
289376061001 FIN- CREDIT ON NON-DELIVERED OFFICE SUPPLIES -20.52 289376061001 FIN- CREDIT ON NON-DELIVERED OFFICE SUPPLIES -10.86 289376061001 FIN- CREDIT ON NON-DELIVERED OFFICE SUPPLIES -27.77 289376061001 FIN- CREDIT ON NON-DELIVERED OFFICE SUPPLIES -2.17 289760315001 FIN- OFFICE SUPPLIES 132.45
289760315001 FIN- OFFICE SUPPLIES 51.82
289760315001 FIN- OFFICE SUPPLIES 10.36
289760315001 FIN- OFFICE SUPPLIES 97.89
Total for Check Number 26198: 231.20
26199 10289 P.G.& E. 02/23/2023
5340322355-4 WTR- DOUBLE L CHLORINATOR POWER- 01/09/23-02/07/23 3.96 AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (2/24/2023 3:36 PM) Page 9 17 Section 5, Item C.

Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
6039473144-6 CS- TRINIS PARK JAN 83.16
8820061503-2 CS- COLEMAN BALLFIELD JAN 2,077.75
Total for Check Number 26199: 2,164.87
26200 12147 PTC INC 02/23/2023
MB-10513027 WTR- KEPWARE RENEWAL 593.92
MB-10513027 SWR- KEPWARE RENEWAL 593.91
Total for Check Number 26200: 1,187.83
26201 11212 SE ELECTRIC 02/23/2023
1088 CS- REPLACE BAD CONNECTION ATT LIGHT- COLEMAN FIELD 800.00 Total for Check Number 26201: 800.00
26202 10331 SEBASTIAN 02/23/2023
32527 ADM- SHORTEL LICENSE 230.00
Total for Check Number 26202: 230.00
26203 10337 SLUMBERGER LUMBER 02/23/2023
ACCT 3116 CS- BLDG-MAINT/GENERAL SUPPLY 14.70
ACCT 3116 CS- BLDG-MAINT/REPAIR SUPPLIES 157.15
ACCT 3116 CS- PARK-MAINT/REPAIR SUPPLIES 47.22
Total for Check Number 26203: 219.07
26204 10863 SWRCB 02/23/2023
GR D3 WD OPER WTR- GR D3 WTR DIST OP EXAM- C. RIVERA 100.00 Total for Check Number 26204: 100.00
26205 10754 THE HOME DEPOT PRO-SUPPLY WORKS02/23/2023
730198066 CS- JANITORIAL SUPPLIES 97.26
730529641 CS- JANITORIAL SUPPLIES 493.31
731384830 CS- LIGHT COVER REPLACEMENT 69.96
731730784 CS- WASTEBASKETS (2) 25.87
731774733 CS- SPRING HINGE 21.17
Total for Check Number 26205: 707.57
26206 11502 TIREHUB LLC 02/23/2023
32604496 PD REP- 4-245/55/18 TIRES #1503 507.92
Total for Check Number 26206: 507.92
26207 10644 US BANK EQUIPMENT FINANCE 02/23/2023
494143647 ADM- CONTRACT ADMIN NEW MACHINE- FEB 111.21
494143647 ADM- COPIER LEASE CONTRACTS SR CTR- FEB 179.82 494143647 ADM- CONTRACT ADMIN NEW MACHINE- FEB 8.90
494143647 ADM- CONTRACT ADMIN NEW MACHINE- FEB 35.60
494143647 ADM- CONTRACT ADMIN NEW MACHINE- FEB 111.21
494143647 ADM- CONTRACT COMMUNITY CENTER- FEB 86.10
494143647 ADM- CONTRACT ADMIN NEW MACHINE- FEB 111.21
494143647 ADM- CONTRACT ADMIN NEW MACHINE- FEB 66.73
494143647 ADM- COPIER LEASE CONTRACTS PD FEB 115.52
Total for Check Number 26207: 826.30
26208 10401 WALLYS TIRE AND WHEEL 02/23/2023
1-83073 VE EQUIP- 4-235/80/R16 TIRES FOR MUD VAC 709.40 AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (2/24/2023 3:36 PM) Page 10 18 Section 5, Item C.

Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
Total for Check Number 26208: 709.40
Total for 2/23/2023: 143,660.88
26209 12332 HOLLOWAY ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS LLC 02/24/2023 INV-HES-2145 SWR- LOADING TRANSPORT FOR BIOSOLIDS DISPOSAL 54,236.70 Total for Check Number 26209: 54,236.70
Total for 2/24/2023: 54,236.70
Report Total (88 checks): 472,027.41
AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (2/24/2023 3:36 PM) Page 11 19 Section 5, Item C.

Accounts Payable
User:

Printed:

Gmendoza
2/24/2023 4:13 PM
Checks by Date - Summary by Check Date
Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
26167 12285 GIERLICH MITCHELL 02/16/2023 14,166.75
Total for 2/16/2023: 14,166.75
Report Total (1 checks): 14,166.75
AP Checks by Date - Summary by Check Date (2/24/2023 4:13 PM) Page 1 20 Section 5, Item C.

Accounts Payable
User:

Printed:

Gmendoza
2/24/2023 3:39 PM
Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date
Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
Invoice No Description Reference
ACH 10147 EMPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT 02/10/2023
021023 C PR TAX DEPOSIT- 02/10/23- SDI PAYABLE= SDI AMOUNT 1,608.65 021023 C PR TAX DEPOSIT- 02/10/23- SIT PAYABLE= PIT AMOUNT 3,796.22 Total for this ACH Check for Vendor 10147: 5,404.87
ACH 10517 FEDERAL TAXES PAYROLL 02/10/2023
021023 C PAYROLL TAX DEPOSIT- 02/10/23 - FIT PAYABLE= TAX WITHHOLDING 12,473.17 021023 C PAYROLL TAX DEPOSIT- 02/10/23 - FICA PAYABLE= SOCIAL SECURITY 22,116.58 021023 C PAYROLL TAX DEPOSIT- 02/10/23 - FICA MED PAYABLE= MEDICARE 5,172.44 Total for this ACH Check for Vendor 10517: 39,762.19
ACH 10518 KERMAN POLICE OFFICERS ASSN 02/10/2023
021023 C MEMBERSHIP DUES- 02/10/23 735.50
Total for this ACH Check for Vendor 10518: 735.50
ACH 10519 KERMAN MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES ASSN02/10/2023
021323 C MEMBERSHIP DUES- 02/10/23 165.00
Total for this ACH Check for Vendor 10519: 165.00
ACH 10520 ICMA-RC 02/10/2023
021323 C DEFERRED COMP- 02/10/23 2,567.40
Total for this ACH Check for Vendor 10520: 2,567.40
ACH 10522 CALPERS 02/10/2023
021023 C EMPLOYER PAID CONTRIBUTIONS- 2/10/23 15,201.78 021023 EMPLOYEE PAID CONTRIBUTIONS 12,086.21
Total for this ACH Check for Vendor 10522: 27,287.99
Total for 2/10/2023: 75,922.95
Report Total (6 checks): 75,922.95
AP Checks by Date - Detail by Check Date (2/24/2023 3:39 PM) Page 1 21 Section 5, Item C.

Accounts Payable
User:

Printed:

Gmendoza
2/24/2023 4:08 PM
Checks by Date - Summary by Check Date
Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
ACH 10147 EMPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT 02/08/2023 969.31 Total for 2/8/2023: 969.31
Report Total (1 checks): 969.31
AP Checks by Date - Summary by Check Date (2/24/2023 4:08 PM) Page 1 22 Section 5, Item C.

Accounts Payable
User:

Printed:

Gmendoza
2/24/2023 4:09 PM
Checks by Date - Summary by Check Date
Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
ACH 10386 US BANK CORPORATE PAYMENT 02/03/2023 5,232.60 Total for 2/3/2023: 5,232.60
Report Total (1 checks): 5,232.60
AP Checks by Date - Summary by Check Date (2/24/2023 4:09 PM) Page 1 23 Section 5, Item C.

Accounts Payable
User:

Printed:

Gmendoza
2/24/2023 4:11 PM
Checks by Date - Summary by Check Date
Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
ACH 10386 US BANK CORPORATE PAYMENT 02/03/2023 114.06
Total for 2/3/2023: 114.06
Report Total (1 checks): 114.06
AP Checks by Date - Summary by Check Date (2/24/2023 4:11 PM) Page 1 24 Section 5, Item C.

STAFF REPORT
MEETING DATE: March 8, 2023
PRESENTER: Michael Barajas, Public Works Director
SUBJECT: Consideration of Mitigated Negative Declaration under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) for Kerman Sewer System Improvements Project (MB) RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends Council conduct public hearing and approve Resolution adopting the Mitigated Negative Declaration for the Kerman Sewer System Improvements Project.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The City owns and operates a City-wide sewer collection system and a WWTP under Waste Discharge Requirements (WDR) No. R5-2007-0115. The City provides sewer service to 3,611 connections and receives an average daily flow of approximately one million gallons per day (MGD).

The City’s sewer collection system is aged and some of the older portions of the system experience frequent blockages, overflows and require cleaning or removal of roots. The physical condition of some of these sewer lines is believed to be very poor, likely beyond their life expectancy, and need to be replaced. Beyond the required maintenance and repair activities, there has not been any major replacement or rehabilitation of the City’s sewer collection system to date.

A condition survey of the sewer collection system was conducted to document the system’s existing condition, identify deficiencies, and estimate the useful life of the sewer mains. The current physical condition of the system’s components was assessed through site‐visits, discussion with City staff, and an comprehensive closed‐circuit television (CCTV) inspection. As part of this preliminary engineering process, the City conducted a comprehensive CCTV inspection on the older portions of the sewer collection system.

The primary need for a sewer collection system improvement project is due to the significant deterioration of some portions of the sewer infrastructure. The City’s maintenance staff responds to problems with the collection system such as back-ups and overflows/spills and spends a great deal of their time locating and/or repairing the system in response to emergency calls from the City’s residents. According to the results of the CCTV inspection, approximately 22 percent of the sewer lines inspected require either replacement or rehabilitation.

A Preliminary Engineering Report entitled “City of Kerman Sewer Collection System and Wastewater Treatment Plant Improvements” was prepared by AM Consulting Engineers in September 2022 to address the needed improvements. A summary of Project activities is included herein.
25 Section 6, Item A.

PROPOSED ACTIONS
The City of Kerman Sewer Improvements Project consists of the following:

Sewer Main Replacement and Rehabilitation
 Replacing or rehabilitating approximately 5.3 discontinuous miles (27,847 feet) of existing gravity sewer mains within the City of Kerman. Sewer main improvements will consist of “in-kind” rehabilitation and replacements of the City’s gravity sewer mains.

Improvements to the Existing WWTP
 Installing a non-potable water system.
 Installing new clarifier gearbox.
 Installing new headworks hoists.
 Installing new Turbo Blowers for the Biolac system and the digester.  Installing new Blower building to house the blower pumps.  Replacing the old and failing screw press sludge feed pump, and a second pump for redundancy.
 Replacing the old decant pump.
 Replacing the pump in the septic receiving station and use the current pump for redundancy.
 Installing flow meters on the RAS and WAS lines.
 Replacing the existing 10HP RAS/WAS pump with a 20HP pump and add a second 20 HP pump for redundancy.
 Installing new DO sensors for the Biolac system and Digester.  Installing new MLSS sensors for the Biolac system and Digester to ensure adequate level of treatment and maintain healthy sludge age in the treatment basins.  Upgrading the SCADA system to show historic DO, pH, MLSS and flow trends to aid dayto-day decisions.  Installing variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) on RAS/WAS pump.  Installing upgrades to Lift Station No.17, including wet well rehabilitation, repair of pump chain welds and electric wiring upgrades.

Project Schedule
Construction is expected to begin in March 2025 and will take approximately 12 months to complete.

ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
The Project is subject to the requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and other regulatory environmental requirements. The City’s Project Engineer (AM Consulting Engineers) retained the services of Crawford & Bowen Planning, Inc. to prepare the required CEQA documentation and associated studies.

The Project CEQA document will require a public hearing (tonight) and review/approval of a Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND). The MND was noticed in The Kerman News and circulated to the State Clearinghouse, and other interested local individuals and agencies. The MND was circulated for 30 days public review from February 1, 2023 to March 3, 2023. 26 Section 6, Item A.

The MND analyzed all environmental topics from the CEQA Guidelines Appendix G checklist and included specialized studies for biological and cultural resources. It was determined that all impacts were either less than significant or could be mitigated to a less than significant level.

The Project is expected to be funded by Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) funds administered through the California State Water Resources Control Board (Water Board). One requirement of CWSRF funding is that the City will be required to comply with the Water Board’s environmental requirements including CEQA-Plus. CEQA-Plus involves additional environmental analysis of certain topics to include federal thresholds, rules and regulations (for topics such as air, biology, cultural, etc.). In addition to this Mitigated Negative Declaration, the City is preparing a separate Environmental Package for submittal to the Water Board which includes the CEQA-Plus analysis.

Once the public hearing occurs and the MND is adopted, the City’s consultants will submit an Environmental Package to the State Water Board which contains all of the documents needed to satisfy the Board’s environmental requirements.

FISCAL IMPACT: There is no fiscal impact associated with the adoption of this Resolution. The project cost is estimated to be approximately $8.3 million. The City is pursing grant funding through the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF). The SWRCB is currently processing the City’s grant application and has not determined if a loan component will be required. Any required loan component will be executed through a funding agreement with the SWRCB which will be presented to Council for consideration and approval.

ATTACHMENTS:

A. Resolution
B. Sewer Improvements Project CEQA Document and Attachments 27 Section 6, Item A.

Attachment ‘A’
RESOLUTION NO. 23-__

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL, OF THE CITY OF KERMAN ADOPTING THE MITIGATED NEGATIVE

DECLARATION FOR THE KERMAN SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Kerman has received and reviewed the proposed Mitigated Negative Declaration, including the draft Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration with appendices, and supporting information sources (collectively, the “draft MND”), together with the staff report and any comments received and responded to during the public review and hearing process (collectively, the “Environmental Record”) for the proposed sewer improvements project (the “Project”), as described in the draft MND; and
WHEREAS, the City is the lead agency for purposes of environmental review of the Project under the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”), pursuant to Public Resources Code § 21000 et seq., and the State “Guidelines for Implementation of the California Environmental Quality Act”; and WHEREAS, the Project could, without mitigation, result in a potential impact to certain areas of environmental concern, including Biological and Cultural Resources; and WHEREAS, the City has prepared mitigation measures to address and mitigate all potential environmental impacts to a “less than significant” level, which is a part of the Environmental Record reviewed and considered by the City Council; and
WHEREAS, the City has incorporated the mitigation measures described in the Mitigation, Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP) of the draft MND as conditions of approval by the City; and WHEREAS, with the exception of the potential impacts stated above, there are no other potentially significant environmental impacts resulting from the Project; and WHEREAS, the City submitted a Notice of Intent to Adopt a Mitigated Negative Declaration to the State Clearinghouse and distributed it to those agencies which have jurisdiction by law with respect to the Project; placed the Notice of Intent to Adopt a Mitigated Negative Declaration concerning the Project in The Kerman News for publication; and mailed the Notice of Intent to Adopt a Mitigated Negative Declaration to other interested parties; and
WHEREAS, the draft Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration with appendices and supporting information sources were duly noticed for public review and comment from February 1, 2023 to March 3, 2023, as provided by law; and
WHEREAS, the City received no written comments in response to the draft MND; and WHEREAS, a hearing concerning the City’s intent to adopt a final MND and MMRP was duly noticed and held on March 8, 2023, at which time any interested parties were afforded an opportunity to be heard in addition to the public review and comment period referenced above as part of the Environmental Record; and
WHEREAS, the City has considered, prior to adoption of the final MND, the Environmental Record in support of the final MND.
28 Section 6, Item A.

NOW THEREFORE, the City Council of the City of Kerman finds, determines and resolves as follows:

SECTION 1. The City Council adopts the foregoing recitals as true and correct.

SECTION 2. The City Council finds that the Initial Study and Mitigated Negative Declaration reflect the independent judgment of the City as the lead agency for the Project.

SECTION 3. The City Council finds that it has independently reviewed and considered the Environmental Record, including the Initial Study and proposed Mitigated Negative Declaration, as a final Mitigated Negative Declaration, prior to adopting the final Mitigated Negative Declaration.

SECTION 4. On the basis of the Environmental Record as the whole record before the City Council, including the Initial Study and any comments received, the City Council finds, in its independent judgment and analysis, that there is no substantial evidence the Project will have a significant effect on the environment.

SECTION 5. The City Council confirms that the mitigation measures described in the Initial Study, have been incorporated into the Project and adopts a Mitigated Negative Declaration, as the final Mitigated Negative Declaration, which documents are a part of the Environmental Record before the City Council for the Project.

SECTION 6. The City Council approves and adopts the findings set forth herein and the Mitigated Negative Declaration for the Kerman Sewer Improvements based on the Environmental Record.

SECTION 7. City staff is authorized and directed to cause a Notice of Determination concerning the adoption of the Mitigated Negative Declaration for the Project to be filed in the office of the Fresno County Clerk and with the Office of Planning and Research in accordance with CEQA and State CEQA Guidelines.

This foregoing resolution was introduced and adopted at a regular meeting the City Council of the City of Kerman held on the 8th day of March, 2023, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTAIN:

ABSENT:
______________________________
Maria Pacheco
Mayor
ATTEST:
_______________________________
Marci Reyes
City Clerk
29 Section 6, Item A.

MITIGATED NEGATIVE

DECLARATION
Kerman Sewer System
Improvements Project
January 2023
PREPARED BY:

Crawford & Bowen Planning, Inc.
113 N. Church Street, Suite 302
Visalia, CA 93291
PREPARED FOR:

City of Kerman
850 S. Madera Avenue
Kerman, CA 93630
Attachment 'B'
30 Section 6, Item A.

Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration
Kerman Sewer System Improvements Project
Prepared for:

City of Kerman
850 S. Madera Avenue
Kerman, CA 93630
(559) 846-9386
Contact: Jesus R. Orozco, Community Development Director Prepared by:

Crawford & Bowen Planning, Inc.
113 N. Church Street, Suite 302
Visalia, CA 93291
Contact: Travis Crawford, AICP
(559) 840-4414
January 2023
31 Section 6, Item A.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Summary 1-1

1.2 Document Format 1-1
CHAPTER TWO – PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Location 2-1

2.2 Setting and Surrounding Land Use 2-1

2.3 Project Background 2-4

2.4 Project Description 2-4

2.5 Objectives 2-7

2.6 Other Required Approvals 2-7
CHAPTER THREE – INITIAL STUDY CHECKLIST 3-1
CHAPTER FOUR - MMRP 4-1
CHAPTER FIVE – PREPARERS 5-1

LIST OF FIGURES
1 –Regional Location Map 2-2
2 – Project Site Map 2-3

LIST OF TABLES
1 – Proposed Project Construction and Operation Emissions 3-11 2 – Typical Construction Noise Levels 3-43
3 – Typical Construction Vibration Levels 3-44

APPENDICES (UNDER SEPARATE COVER)
A- CalEEMod Output Files
B- Biological Evaluation Report
C- Cultural Resources Inventory
32 Section 6, Item A.

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Summary
This document is the Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration describing the potential environmental effects of the proposed City of Kerman Sewer System Improvements Project (Project). The Project will involve replacing or repairing sewer pipelines at various locations throughout the City as well as various improvements to the City’s existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The proposed Project is more fully described in Chapter Two – Project Description.

The City of Kerman (City) will act as the Lead Agency for this Project pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and the CEQA Guidelines.

The Project is expected to be funded through a combination of City funds and Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) funds administered through the California State Water Resources Control Board (Water Board). One requirement of CWSRF funding is that the City will be required to comply with the Water Board’s environmental requirements including CEQA-Plus.

CEQA-Plus involves additional environmental analysis of certain topics to include federal thresholds, rules and regulations (for topics such as air, biology, cultural, etc.). In addition to this Mitigated Negative Declaration, the City is preparing a separate Environmental Package for submittal to the Water Board which includes the CEQA-Plus analysis.

1.2 Document Format
This IS/MND contains five chapters, and appendices. Section 1, Introduction, provides an overview of the Project and the CEQA environmental documentation process. Chapter 2, Project Description, provides a detailed description of Project objectives and components.

Chapter 3, Initial Study Checklist, presents the CEQA checklist and environmental analysis for all impact areas, mandatory findings of significance, and feasible mitigation measures. If the proposed Project does not have the potential to significantly impact a given issue area, the relevant section provides a brief discussion of the reasons why no impacts are expected. If the Project could have a potentially significant impact on a resource, the issue area discussion provides a description of potential impacts, and appropriate mitigation measures and/or permit requirements that would reduce those impacts to a less than significant level. Chapter 4, Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program, provides the proposed mitigation measures, 34 Section 6, Item A.

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completion timeline, and person/agency responsible for implementation and Chapter 5, List of Preparers, provides a list of key personnel involved in the preparation of the IS/MND.

Environmental impacts are separated into the following categories:

Potentially Significant Impact. This category is applicable if there is substantial evidence that an effect may be significant, and no feasible mitigation measures can be identified to reduce impacts to a less than significant level. If there are one or more “Potentially Significant Impact” entries when the determination is made, an EIR is required.

Less Than Significant After Mitigation Incorporated. This category applies where the incorporation of mitigation measures would reduce an effect from a “Potentially Significant Impact” to a “Less Than Significant Impact.” The lead agency must describe the mitigation measure(s), and briefly explain how they would reduce the effect to a less than significant level (mitigation measures from earlier analyses may be cross-referenced).

Less Than Significant Impact. This category is identified when a project would result in impacts below the threshold of significance, and no mitigation measures are required.

No Impact. This category applies when a project would not create an impact in the specific environmental issue area. “No Impact” answers do not require a detailed explanation if they are adequately supported by the information sources cited by the lead agency, which show that the impact does not apply to the specific project (e.g., the project falls outside a fault rupture zone). A “No Impact” answer should be explained where it is based on project-specific factors as well as general standards (e.g., the project will not expose sensitive receptors to pollutants, based on a project-specific screening analysis.)
Regardless of the type of CEQA document that must be prepared, the basic purpose of the CEQA process as set forth in the CEQA Guidelines Section 15002(a) is to:
(1) Inform governmental decision makers and the public about the potential, significant environmental effects of proposed activities. (2) Identify ways that environmental damage can be avoided or significantly reduced. (3) Prevent significant, avoidable damage to the environment by requiring changes in projects through the use of alternatives or mitigation measures when the governmental agency finds the changes to be feasible.
(4) Disclose to the public the reasons why a governmental agency approved the project in the manner the agency chose if significant environmental effects are involved. 35 Section 6, Item A.

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According to Section 15070(b), a Mitigated Negative Declaration is appropriate if it is determined that:
(1) Revisions in the project plans or proposals made by or agreed to by the applicant before a proposed mitigated negative declaration and initial study are released for public review would avoid the effects or mitigate the effects to a point where clearly no significant effects would occur, and
(2) There is no substantial evidence, in light of the whole record before the agency, that the project as revised may have a significant effect on the environment.

The Initial Study contained in Section Three of this document has determined that with mitigation measures and features incorporated into the Project design and operation, the environmental impacts are less than significant and therefore a Mitigated Negative Declaration will be adopted. 36 Section 6, Item A.

Chapter 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION
37 Section 6, Item A.

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Project Description

2.1 Location
The City of Kerman is located in Fresno County, CA in the central portion of the San Joaquin Valley, just south of SR 180 and is bisected by SR 145. See Figure 1 – Regional Location Map and Figure 2 – Project Site Map for Project locations. The proposed Project consists of approximately

5.3 discontinuous miles of sewer pipeline throughout the City of Kerman and miscellaneous improvements and repairs to the City’s existing Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) (See Section 2.4 – Project Description for more detailed information).

2.2 Setting and Surrounding Land Use
The Project site is synonymous with the City of Kerman consists of paved streets, residential neighborhoods, commercial areas, public areas (schools, parks, etc.), paved parking lots, undeveloped portions of private property, and dirt road rights-of way. The Project work areas are bounded by West Nielsen Avenue to the north, South Goldenrod Avenue to the east, West Church Avenue to the south, and South Siskiyou Avenue to the west. The Project site also includes the existing WWTP that is located south of Church Avenue on the Del Norte Avenue alignment.

The proposed Project involves replacing 2,268 linear feet (LF) of gravity sewer mains with new sewer pipes using the conventional dig and replace construction method; rehabilitating 25,579 LF of gravity sewer mains using the trenchless cured-in-place pipeline (CIPP) method; and miscellaneous repairs to the WWTP. See Section 2.4 – Project Description for more information.

The Project area of potential effect (APE) is entirely within existing, previously disturbed ROWs. 38 Section 6, Item A.

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Figure 1 – Regional Location Map
39 Section 6, Item A.

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Figure 2 – Project Site Map
40 Section 6, Item A.

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2.3 Project Background
The City owns and operates a City-wide sewer collection system and a WWTP under Waste Discharge Requirements (WDR) No. R5-2007-0115. The City provides sewer service to 3,611 connections and receives an average daily flow of approximately one million gallons per day (MGD).

2.4 Project Description
A Preliminary Engineering Report entitled “City of Kerman Sewer Collection System and Wastewater Treatment Plant Improvements” was prepared by AM Consulting Engineers in 41 Section 6, Item A.

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September 2022 to address the needed improvements. Please refer to that document for specific project characteristics. A summary of Project activities is included herein.

Sewer Main Replacement and Rehabilitation
This Project will involve replacing or rehabilitating approximately 27,847 LF of existing gravity sewer mains within the City of Kerman. Sewer main improvements will consist of “in-kind” rehabilitation and replacements of the City’s gravity sewer mains. In order to ensure structural integrity of the sewer system, conventional “open-trench” construction methods will be used to replace the sewer mains that display pipe deformations, broken pipes, or sags greater than 60 percent of the pipe diameter. Sewer main replacement will involve traditional “open-trench” construction methods on approximately 2,268 LF of sewer main. Sewer main rehabilitation will involve trenchless, cured-in-place-pipe (CIPP) construction methods on approximately 25,579 linear feet of sewer main. Using this method will reduce the amount of ground disturbance and limit the number of traffic and pedestrian detours needed to complete the Project.

Improvements to the Existing WWTP
In addition to the sewer collection system, several miscellaneous improvements and repairs are needed at the City’s WWTP to improve treatment operations. A list of priority improvements and needed repairs to the City’s WWTP are listed below:
• WWTP needs a plant water system for miscellaneous non-potable needs. Currently, the plant uses potable water for all plant needs including cleaning of treatment ponds, washdown of equipment, etc. Several thousand gallons of drinking water used in this manner for non-potable uses can be avoided due to the construction of a non-potable water system.
• The clarifier gearbox is old and needs to be rebuilt. • The hoists in at the headworks are not safe to operate. The hoist system has been repaired several times in the past, but the hoist specialists have deemed them unrepairable and recommended replacement.
• Install new Turbo Blowers for the Biolac system and the digester. Turbo blowers have proven to provide 10-40% in energy savings over a typical multi-stage blower. As one of the biggest energy users of the plant, aeration system improvements are a prime target for energy conservation measures in extended aeration plants such as the Kerman WWTP. • WWTP needs a Blower building to house the blower pumps. Blowers need to be placed in an enclosed structure with air filters to increase the useful life of the equipment.

Currently Kerman WWTP blowers are housed in the open without any protection from dust and rain.
42 Section 6, Item A.

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• Replace the old and failing screw press sludge feed pump, and a second pump for redundancy.
• Replace the old decant pump.
• Replace the pump in the septic receiving station and use the current pump for redundancy.
• Install flow meters on the RAS and WAS lines. Currently flows are estimated from pump runtimes and are not reliable.
• Replace the existing 10HP RAS/WAS pump with a 20HP pump and add a second 20 HP pump for redundancy. These pumps are used every day and there is currently no redundancy in operation.
• The existing 10HP pump is inadequate for Kerman’s requirements and needs to be replaced.
• Install new DO sensors for the Biolac system and Digester. The old DO sensors frequently plug and show inaccurate DO levels. This could lead to overestimation of the aeration requirements and result in energy wastage, or underestimation and lead to incomplete treatment.
• Install new MLSS sensors for the Biolac system and Digester to ensure adequate level of treatment and maintain healthy sludge age in the treatment basins. • Upgrade the SCADA system to show historic DO, pH, MLSS and flow trends to aid dayto-day decisions. Existing SCADA system does not show historic trends that are valuable in operational decision making.
• Install variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) on RAS/WAS pump. VFDs help run the pumps at their best efficiency point (BEP) and help realize significant energy cost savings. • The screens from the existing Traveling Screen Unit are wet and unsanitary, which would require a replacement of the washer compactor.
• Install upgrades to Lift Station No.17, including wet well rehabilitation, repair of pump chain welds and electric wiring upgrades.

Project Schedule
Construction is expected to begin in March 2025 and will take approximately 12 months to complete.
43 Section 6, Item A.

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2.5 Objectives
The primary objectives of the proposed Project are as follows:
• To provide adequate sewer services to its customers, by upgrading the existing sewer system infrastructure.
• To prevent system failures and potential contamination associated with deteriorated sewer pipelines.
• To operate the sewer distribution system and WWTP with the most cost-effective methods available that meet the City’s overall system performance and regulatory compliance requirements.

2.6 Other Required Approvals
The proposed Project will include, but not be limited to, the following regulatory requirements:
• The adoption of a Mitigated Negative Declaration by the City of Kerman. • Regional Water Quality Control Board approval.
• State Water Board approval
44 Section 6, Item A.

Chapter 3

IMPACT ANALYSIS
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Initial Study Checklist

3.1 Environmental Checklist Form
Project title:

Kerman Sewer Improvements Project
Lead agency name and address:

City of Kerman
850 S. Madera Avenue
Kerman, CA 93630
Contact person and phone number:

Jesus R. Orozco, Community Development Director
(559) 846-9386
Project location:

See Section 2.1
Project sponsor’s name/address:

City of Kerman
General plan designation:

Multiple, City-wide project
Zoning:

Multiple, City-wide project
Description of project:

See Section 2.3
Surrounding land uses/setting:

See Section 2.2
Other public agencies whose approval or consultation is required (e.g., permits, financing approval, participation agreements):

See Section 2.5
46 Section 6, Item A.

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California Native American Tribal Consultation:

Have California Native American tribes traditionally and culturally affiliated with the project area requested consultation pursuant to Public Resources Code section 21080.3.1? If so, has consultation begun or is there a plan for consultation that includes, for example, the determination of significance of impacts to tribal cultural resources, procedures regarding confidentiality, etc.?
In accordance with Assembly Bill (AB) 52, potentially affected Tribes were formally notified of this Project and were given the opportunity to request consultation on the Project. The Native American Heritage Commission was contacted, requesting a contact list of applicable Native American Tribes, which was provided. Letters were provided to the listed Tribes, notifying them of the Project and requesting consultation, if desired. See Section 3.17 – Tribal Cultural Resources for more information.
47 Section 6, Item A.

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3.2 Environmental Factors Potentially Affected
The environmental factors checked below would be potentially affected by this Project, involving at least one impact that is a “Potentially Significant Impact” as indicated by the checklist on the following pages.

Aesthetics
Agriculture Resources
and Forest Resources
Air Quality
Biological Resources Cultural Resources Energy
Geology / Soils
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
Hazards & Hazardous
Materials
Hydrology / Water
Quality
Land Use / Planning Mineral Resources
Noise Population / Housing Public Services
Recreation Transportation Tribal Cultural Resources
Utilities / Service
Systems
Wildfire
Mandatory Findings of
Significance
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3.3 Determination
Based on this initial evaluation:

I find that the proposed project COULD NOT have a significant effect on the environment, and a NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared.

I find that although the proposed project could have a significant effect on the environment, there will not be a significant effect in this case because revisions in the project have been made by or agreed to by the project proponent. A MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION will be prepared.

I find that the proposed project MAY have a significant effect on the environment, and an ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required.

I find that the proposed project MAY have a “potentially significant impact” or “potentially significant unless mitigated” impact on the environment, but at least one effect 1) has been adequately analyzed in an earlier document pursuant to applicable legal standards, and 2) has been addressed by mitigation measures based on the earlier analysis as described on attached sheets. An ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT is required, but it must analyze only the effects that remain to be addressed.

I find that although the proposed project could have a significant effect on the environment, because all potentially significant effects (a) have been analyzed adequately in an earlier EIR or NEGATIVE DECLARATION pursuant to applicable standards, and (b) have been avoided or mitigated pursuant to that earlier EIR or NEGATIVE DECLARATION, including revisions or mitigation measures that are imposed upon the proposed project, nothing further is required.

Travis Crawford, AICP
Environmental consultant to:

City of Kerman
Date
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I. AESTHETICS
Except as provided in Public Resources
Code Section 21099, would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Have a substantial adverse effect on a
scenic vista?
b. Substantially damage scenic resources,
including, but not limited to, trees, rock
outcroppings, and historic buildings within
a state scenic highway?
c. In non-urbanized areas, substantially
degrade the existing visual character or
quality of public views of the site and its
surroundings? (Public views are those that
are experienced from publicly accessible
vantage point). If the project is in an
urbanized area, would the project conflict
with applicable zoning and regulations
governing scenic quality?
d. Create a new source of substantial light or
glare which would adversely affect day or
nighttime views in the area?

RESPONSES
a. Have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista? b. Substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to, trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a state scenic highway?
c. In non-urbanized areas, substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of public views of the site and its surroundings? (Public views are those that are experienced from publicly accessible vantage point). If the project is in an urbanized area, would the project conflict with applicable zoning and regulations governing scenic quality? 50 Section 6, Item A.

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d. Create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area?
No Impact. The City of Kerman proposes improvements and upgrades to its existing sewer system infrastructure. These improvements consist of replacement or rehabilitation of approximately 5.3 (discontinuous) miles of sewer lines and other minor improvements to the WWTP (which will occur within the existing WWTP footprint). The majority of the work within the WWTP will be replacements of deteriorated components and will not be visually noticeable. Other new components installed at the WWTP will be visually similar in appearance to existing conditions at the WWTP.

The sewer pipeline Project work areas are bounded by West Nielsen Avenue to the north, South Goldenrod Avenue to the east, West Church Avenue to the south, and South Siskiyou Avenue to the west. Currently the Project Area consists of paved streets, residential neighborhoods, commercial areas, public areas (schools, parks, etc.), paved parking lots, undeveloped portions of private property, and dirt road rights-of way. Views of surrounding areas will not be substantially impacted by the Project, since the majority of the finished work will be below grade. As such, the proposed Project will not impede any scenic vistas.

Construction activities will occur over an 12-month period and will be visible from the adjacent residences, businesses, and roadsides; however, the construction activities will be temporary in nature and will not affect a scenic vista, as described above.

There are no state designated scenic highways within the vicinity of the proposed Project site.1 The proposed Project would not damage any trees, rock outcroppings or historic buildings within a State scenic highway corridor.

Current sources of light in the Project area are from vehicles traveling along surrounding roads and residential lighting. No lighting will be associated with pipeline installation. Accordingly, the proposed Project would not create substantial new sources of light or glare. There will be no impact.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
1 California Department of Transportation. California Scenic Highway Mapping System. Fresno County. https://dot.ca.gov/programs/design/lap-landscape-architecture-and-community-livability/lap-liv-i-scenic-highways. Accessed October 2022. 51 Section 6, Item A.

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II. AGRICULTURE AND

FOREST RESOURCES
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Convert Prime Farmland, Unique
Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide
Importance (Farmland), as shown on the
maps prepared pursuant to the Farmland
Mapping and Monitoring Program of the
California Resources Agency, to nonagricultural use?
b. Conflict with existing zoning for
agricultural use, or a Williamson Act
contract?
c. Conflict with existing zoning for, or cause
rezoning of, forest land (as defined in
Public Resources Code section 12220(g)),
timberland (as defined by Public
Resources Code section 4526), or
timberland zoned Timberland Production
(as defined by Government Code section
51104(g))?
d. Result in the loss of forest land or
conversion of forest land to non-forest
use?
e. Involve other changes in the existing
environment which, due to their location
or nature, could result in conversion of
Farmland, to non-agricultural use or
conversion of forest land to non-forest
use?
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RESPONSES
a. Convert Prime Farmland, Unique Farmland, or Farmland of Statewide Importance (Farmland), as shown on the maps prepared pursuant to the Farmland Mapping and Monitoring Program of the California Resources Agency, to non-agricultural use? b. Conflict with existing zoning for agricultural use, or a Williamson Act contract? c. Conflict with existing zoning for, or cause rezoning of, forest land (as defined in Public Resources Code section 12220(g)), timberland (as defined by Public Resources Code section 4526), or timberland zoned Timberland Production (as defined by Government Code section 51104(g))?
d. Result in the loss of forest land or conversion of forest land to non-forest use? e. Involve other changes in the existing environment which, due to their location or nature, could result in conversion of Farmland, to non-agricultural use or conversion of forest land to nonforest use? No Impact. The City of Kerman proposes improvements and upgrades to its existing sewer system infrastructure. These improvements consist of replacement or rehabilitation of approximately 5.3 (discontinuous) miles of sewer lines and other minor improvements to the WWTP (which will occur within the existing WWTP footprint).

The pipelines and associated pipeline infrastructure will largely occur within the existing road right of way and will be installed underground. The improvements to the WWTP will occur within the existing WWTP footprint. The Project does not have the potential to result in the conversion of farmland to nonagricultural uses or forestland uses to non-forestland because there is no such land being impacted by the Project. Areas within the City of Kerman are not currently utilized for agriculture. Additionally, the California Department of Conservation’s Important Farmland Finder program considers the areas within the City to be Urban and Built-Up Land. The proposed Project does not include land under a Williamson Act Contract. No conversion of forestland, as defined under Public Resource Code or General Code, as referenced above, would occur as a result of the proposed Project.

The proposed Project includes new sewer pipelines, primarily within the existing right-of-way, and improvements to the existing WWTP within the existing WWTP footprint. All improvements will take place within an area that is built up with rural and urban uses. As such, the proposed Project does not have the potential to result in the conversion of Farmland to non-agricultural uses or forestland uses to non-forestland. There is no impact.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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III. AIR QUALITY
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Conflict with or obstruct implementation
of the applicable air quality plan?
b. Result in a cumulatively considerable net
increase of any criteria pollutant for
which the project region is nonattainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard?
c. Expose sensitive receptors to substantial
pollutant concentrations?
d. Result in other emissions (such as those
leading to odors or adversely affecting a
substantial number of people)?
RESPONSES:
a. Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan? b. Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard? c. Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations? Less than Significant Impact. The San Joaquin Valley Air Basin (SJVAB) is designated nonattainment of state and federal health-based air quality standards for ozone and PM2.5. The SJVAB is designated nonattainment of state PM10.
2 To meet Federal Clean Air Act (CAA) requirements, the SJVAPCD has multiple air quality attainment plan (AQAP) documents, including:
• Extreme Ozone Attainment Demonstration Plan (EOADP) for attainment of the 1-hour ozone standard (2004);
2 San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District. Ambient Air Quality Standards & Valley Attainment Status. http://www.valleyair.org/aqinfo/attainment.htm. Accessed October 2022. 54 Section 6, Item A.

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• 2007 Ozone Plan for attainment of the 8-hour ozone standard; • 2007 PM10 Maintenance Plan and Request for Redesignation; and • 2008 PM2.5 Plan.

Because of the region’s non-attainment status for ozone, PM2.5, and PM10, if the Project-generated emissions of either of the ozone precursor pollutants (ROG or NOx), PM10, or PM2.5 were to exceed the SJVAPCD’s significance thresholds, then the Project uses would be considered to conflict with the attainment plans. In addition, if the Project uses were to result in a change in land use and corresponding increases in vehicle miles traveled, they may result in an increase in vehicle miles traveled that is unaccounted for in regional emissions inventories contained in regional air quality control plans.

As discussed below, predicted construction and operational emissions would not exceed the SJVAPCD’s significance thresholds for ROG, NOx, PM10, and PM2.5. As a result, the Project uses would not conflict with emissions inventories contained in regional air quality attainment plans, and would not result in a significant contribution to the region’s air quality non-attainment status. Additionally, the Project would comply with all applicable rules and regulations.

The nonattainment pollutants for the SJVAPCD are ozone, PM10 and PM2.5. Therefore, the pollutants of concern for this impact are ozone precursors, regional PM10, and PM2.5. Ozone is a regional pollutant formed by chemical reaction in the atmosphere, and the Project’s incremental increase in ozone precursor generation is used to determine the potential air quality impacts, as set forth in the GAMAQI. The annual significance thresholds to be used for the Project emissions are as follows3:

Pollutant/Precursor Construction
Emissions (tpy)
Operational Emissions
(permitted) (tpy)
Operational Emissions
(non-permitted) (tpy)
CO 100 100 100
NOx 10 10 10
ROG 10 10 10
SOx 27 27 27
PM10 15 15 15
PM2.5 15 15 15
The sewer pipelines and improvements to the WWTP are not anticipated to generate emissions once they are constructed beyond existing conditions. The estimated annual construction emissions are shown below. CalEEMod version 2020.4.0 were utilized to estimate emissions generated from Project 3 San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District. March 19, 2015. Guide for Assessing and Mitigating Air Quality Impacts. http://www.valleyair.org/transportation/GAMAQI_12-26-19.pdf. Page 80. Accessed September 2020. 55 Section 6, Item A.

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construction. Modeling results are provided in Table 1 and the complete CalEEMod output file is provided in Appendix A. It should be noted that although Project construction is not anticipated to occur until Year 2025, for the air emission analysis a more conservative approach was used by assigning Years 2022 and 2023 for construction. Under either scenario, the air emissions associated with the Project are well below established thresholds.

Table 1
Proposed Project Construction Emissions
VOC
(RO
G)
(tons
/yea
r)
NOx
(tons
/yea
r)
CO
(tons
/yea
r)
PM1
0*
(tons
/yea
r)
PM2.
5*
(tons
/yea
r)
CO2
(MT
/ye
ar)
2022 0.02 0.2 0.2 0.02 0.02 30.9
2023 0.03 0.22 0.25 0.02 0.01 38.6
Annual Construction
Emissions Maximum:

0.03 0.22 0.25 0.02 0.02 38.6
Threshold of
Significance
10 10 100 15 15 --
Exceed Threshold? No No No No No N/A
The nearest sensitive receptors to the proposed Project site are the residential houses located along the proposed pipeline alignments, as an objective of the Project is to improve and upgrade the existing sewer pipelines.

Construction would take place within the vicinity of sensitive receptors; however, construction emissions would be below SJVAPCD thresholds and be temporary in nature. Therefore, the relatively small amount of emissions generated and the short duration of the construction period would not expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations.

Because the Project will not exceed any established air emission thresholds, does not result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant, and does not significantly impact sensitive receptors, the impact is determined to be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
d. Result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors adversely affecting a substantial number of people?
Less Than Significant Impact. During construction, the various diesel-powered vehicles and equipment in use on-site could create localized odors. These odors would be temporary and are not likely to be noticeable for extended periods of time beyond the Project site. In addition, once the Project is operational, there would be no new source of odors from the Project. The sewer pipelines will be enclosed underground and will not release odors. Therefore, the impact is less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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IV. BIOLOGICAL

RESOURCES
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Have a substantial adverse effect, either
directly or through habitat modifications,
on any species identified as a candidate,
sensitive, or special status species in local
or regional plans, policies, or regulations,
or by the California Department of Fish
and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service?
b. Have a substantial adverse effect on any
riparian habitat or other sensitive natural
community identified in local or regional
plans, policies, regulations, or by the
California Department of Fish and Game
or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service?
c. Have a substantial adverse effect on state
or federally protected wetlands
(including, but not limited to, marsh,
vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct
removal, filling, hydrological interruption,
or other means?
d. Interfere substantially with the movement
of any native resident or migratory fish or
wildlife species or with established native
resident or migratory wildlife corridors,
or impede the use of native wildlife
nursery sites?
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IV. BIOLOGICAL

RESOURCES
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
e. Conflict with any local policies or
ordinances protecting biological
resources, such as a tree preservation
policy or ordinance?
f. Conflict with the provisions of an adopted
Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural
Community Conservation Plan, or other
approved local, regional, or state habitat
conservation plan?
RESPONSES:
a. Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? b. Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service?
Less Than Significant Impact With Mitigation. A Biological Resource Evaluation (BRE) was prepared for the proposed Project in December 2022 by Colibri Ecological Consulting, LLC (CEC). The BRE is included as Appendix B. As part of the BRE, the California Natural Diversity Data Base (CNDDB), the California Native Plant Society’s Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants, and the USFWS special status species lists were queried for records of special-status plant and animal species in the Project area. In addition, multiple field surveys were conducted as described in Appendix B. The results of the BRE are summarized as follows:
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Environmental Setting
The Project site associated with the pipelines supported developed, ruderal, and agricultural land covers.

Work areas consisted of paved roads, alleys, parking lots, and existing facilities. The work area north of West Whitesbridge Avenue was bordered by an orchard to the north. The work area along South Del Norte Avenue south of A Street was bordered by an inactive agricultural field to the southeast and an orchard to the southwest. The work areas along West Church Avenue were bordered by orchards, inactive agricultural fields, a church, and a wastewater treatment plant with associated settling ponds.

The work area along South Goldenrod Avenue was within a graveled pump facility surrounded by a detention basin, railroad tracks, an orchard, and residential development. All other pipeline work areas were surrounded by residential and commercial development. The improvements to the WWTP will occur within the existing WWTP footprint. The WWTP consists of a fenced area with gravel and paved areas, ponds, and associated buildings and equipment.

Desktop Review
The United States Fish & Wildlife Service species list for the Project site included nine species listed as threatened or endangered under the FESA (USFWS 2022a, Table 1, Appendix A of Appendix B). None of those species could occur on or near the Project site due to either (1) the lack of habitat, (2) the Project site being outside the current range of the species, or (3) the presence of development that would otherwise preclude occurrence (Table 1 of Appendix B). As identified in the species list, the Project site does not occur in USFWS-designated or proposed critical habitat for any species (USFWS 2022a, Appendix A of Appendix B).

Searching the CNDDB for records of special-status species from the Kerman 7.5-minute USGS quadrangle and the eight surrounding quadrangles produced 107 records of 29 species (Table 1, Appendix B of Appendix B). Of those 29 species, two were not considered further because they are not CEQA-recognized as special-status species by state or federal regulatory agencies or public interest groups (Appendix B of Appendix B). Of the remaining 27 species, 11 are known from within 5 miles of the Project site (Table 1, Figure 4 of Appendix B). Of those species only two, Swainson’s hawk (Buteo swainsoni – ST) and burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia – SSSC), could occur on or near the Project site (Table 1 of Appendix B).

Searching the CNPS Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of California yielded 19 taxa (CNPS 2022, Appendix C of Appendix B), 15 of which have a CRPR of 1 or 2 (Table 1 of Appendix B). None of those species are expected to occur on or near the Project site due to the lack of habitat (Table 1 of Appendix B).
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Reconnaissance Survey
Colibri Senior Scientist Ryan Slezak conducted a field reconnaissance survey of the Project site on July 6, 2022. The Project site and a 50-foot buffer surrounding the Project site were walked and thoroughly inspected to evaluate and document the potential for the area to support state- or federally protected resources. The survey area also included a 0.5-mile buffer around the Project site to evaluate the potential occurrence of nesting special-status raptors (Figure 3 of Appendix B). The 0.5- mile buffer was surveyed by driving public roads and identifying the presence of large trees or other potentially suitable substrates for nesting raptors as well as open areas that could provide foraging habitat. The main survey area, including the Project site and surrounding 50-foot buffer, was evaluated for the presence of regulated habitats, including lakes, streams, and other waters using methods described in the Wetlands Delineation Manual and regional supplement (USACE 1987, 2008) and as defined by the CDFW (https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/conservation/lsa) and under the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act. All plants except those planted for cultivation or landscaping and all animals (vertebrate wildlife species) observed in the survey area were identified and documented.

Determination
Critical Habitat
The BRE concludes the Project will have no effect on designated or proposed critical habitat as no such habitat has been designated or proposed on or near the Project site.

Special-Status Species
The BRE concludes the Project may affect but is not likely to adversely affect the state listed as threatened Swainson’s hawk and the state species of special concern Burrowing Owl. The Project is not expected to affect any other special-status species due to the lack of habitat or known occurrence records for those species near the Project site.

Migratory Birds
The BRE concludes the Project may affect but is not likely to adversely affect nesting migratory birds.

Regulated Habitats
The BRE concludes the Project will have no effect on regulated habitats. 60 Section 6, Item A.

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Direct and Indirect Impacts
The Project could adversely affect, either directly or through habitat modifications, two special-status animal that occurs or may occur on or near the Project site (Swainson’s hawk and Burrowing Owl).

Construction activities such as excavating, trenching, or using other heavy equipment that disturbs or harms a special-status species or substantially modifies its habitat could constitute a significant impact.

It is recommended that Mitigation Measures BIO-1 and BIO - 2 be included in the conditions of approval to reduce the potential impact to a less-than-significant level.

Mitigation Measures:

BIO – 1 Protect nesting Swainson’s hawks

1. To the extent practicable, construction shall be scheduled to avoid the Swainson’s hawk nesting season, which extends from March through August.

2. If it is not possible to schedule work between September and February, a qualified biologist shall conduct a survey for active Swainson’s hawk nests in accordance with the Swainson’s Hawk Technical Advisory Committee’s Recommended Timing and Methodology for Swainson’s Hawk Nesting Surveys in California’s Central Valley (SWTAC 2000, Appendix D). These methods require six surveys, three in each of the two survey periods, prior to project initiation. Surveys shall be conducted within a minimum 0.5 mile radius.

BIO – 2 Protect burrowing owls

1. Conduct focused burrowing owl surveys to assess the presence/absence of burrowing owl at the Project site in accordance with the Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation (CDFG 2012) and Burrowing Owl Survey Protocol and Mitigation Guidelines (CBOC 1997). These involve conducting four pre-construction survey visits.

2. If burrowing owl or sign of burrowing owl use (e.g. feathers, guano, pellets) is detected on or within 500 feet of the Project site, and the qualified biologist determines that Project activities would disrupt the owl(s), a construction-free buffer, limited operating period, or passive relocation shall be implemented in consultation with the CDFW. 61 Section 6, Item A.

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c. Have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means?
No Impact. No wetlands were present in the proposed Project area and as such, there would be no impacts associated with the proposed improvements.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
d. Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites?
Less Than Significant with Mitigation. No marine or estuarine fishery resources or migratory routes to and from anadromous fish spawning grounds were present in the survey area.

The Project could impede the use of nursery sites for native birds protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and California Fish and Game Code. Migratory birds are expected to nest on and near the Project site. Construction disturbance during the breeding season could result in the incidental loss of fertile eggs or nestlings or otherwise lead to nest abandonment. Disturbance that causes nest abandonment or loss of reproductive effort is considered take by the CDFW. Loss of fertile eggs or nestlings, or any activities resulting in nest abandonment, could constitute a significant impact if the species is particularly rare in the region. It is recommended that Mitigation Measure BIO-3 (below) be included in the conditions of approval to reduce the potential impact to a less-than-significant level.

Mitigation Measures:

BIO – 3 Protect nesting birds.

1. To the extent practicable, construction shall be scheduled to avoid the nesting season, which extends from February through August.

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found close enough to the construction area to be disturbed by these activities, the qualified biologist shall determine the extent of a construction-free buffer to be established around the nest. If work cannot proceed without disturbing the nesting birds, work may need to be halted or redirected to other areas until nesting and fledging are completed or the nest has otherwise failed for non-construction related reasons. e. Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance?
f. Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan? No Impact. There are no local policies or ordinances that the Project will conflict with. Additionally, there are no adopted local, regional, or state habitat conservation plans adopted for the area. As such, there is no impact.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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V. CULTURAL

RESOURCES
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Cause a substantial adverse change in the
significance of a historical resource
pursuant to §15064.5?
b. Cause a substantial adverse change in the
significance of an archaeological resource
pursuant to §15064.5?
c. Disturb any human remains, including
those interred outside of formal
cemeteries?
RESPONSES:
a. Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to §15064.5?
b. Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to §15064.5?
Less Than Significant Impact With Mitigation. To meet State and federal requirements, ASM Affiliates, Inc. (ASM) was retained to conduct background research, complete a records search, request a search of the Native American Heritage Commission’s Sacred Lands File and reach out to appropriate Native American contacts, conduct a cultural resources survey, and prepare a technical report, dated January 2023 (see Appendix C). The results of the Report are summarized herein and were used to support the determinations made in this CEQA document.

Native American Outreach
A Sacred Lands File (SLF) request was submitted to the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) on July 29, 2022. The NAHC responded with a negative result to the SLF search. Additionally, the NAHC provided a list of Native American tribes who have knowledge of the Project APE. ASM wrote to contacts provided by NAHC for additional information pertaining to the APE. Follow-up emails and phone calls 64 Section 6, Item A.

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were made to the NAHC provided contacts. At the time of the report publication no responses have been made. Appendix C provides requests to the NAHC, their results, and information request letters to Native American tribes.

Records Search and Site-Specific Research
In order to determine whether the Project APE had been previously surveyed for cultural resources, and/or whether any such resources were known within it, an archival records search was conducted by the staff of the Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center (IC) on July 12, 2022. The records search was completed to determine: (i) if prehistoric or historical archaeological sites had previously been recorded within the APE; (ii) if the APE had been systematically surveyed by archaeologists prior to the initiation of this field study; and/or (iii) whether the surrounding region was known to contain archaeological sites and to thereby be archaeologically sensitive. Records examined included archaeological site files and maps, the NRHP, Historic Property Data File, California Inventory of Historic Resources, and the California Points of Historic Interest. The Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands files were also searched to determine whether tribal cultural resources are present.

According to the IC records search (Confidential Appendix A of Appendix C), eleven previous reports cover portions of the Project APE (Table 1 of Appendix C), and one known resource has been identified within the APE (Table 2 of Appendix C). Four additional surveys have been previously conducted within

0.5-miles (mi) of the Project APE (Table 3 of Appendix C), and two resources were identified within 0.5- mi of the APE (Table 4 of Appendix C).

Pedestrian Survey
An intensive Class III inventory/Phase I survey of the Kerman Sewer Improvement Project pipeline APE was conducted by ASM Associate Archaeologist/Crew Chief Robert Azpitarte, B.A. on September 1, 2022. An additional survey of the WWTP APE was conducted on December 1, 2022. The field methods employed included intensive pedestrian examination of the ground surface for evidence of archaeological sites in the form of artifacts, surface features (such as bedrock mortars, historical mining equipment), and archaeological indicators (e.g., organically enriched midden soil, burnt animal bone) where applicable; the identification and location of any discovered sites, should they be present; tabulation and recording of surface diagnostic artifacts; site sketch mapping; preliminary evaluation of site integrity; and site recording, following the California Office of Historic Preservation Instructions for Recording Historic Resources and the BLM 8100 Manual, using DPR 523 forms. Parallel survey transects spaced at 15-m intervals were employed for the inventory. 65 Section 6, Item A.

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A 50-ft buffer surrounding the APE was also surveyed, where this was possible given private property restrictions.

The Project proposed improvements to the existing WWTP, Lift Station No. 17, and a discontinuous series of sewer line segments within the City. The total length of the proposed sewer upgrades totals 5.3- mi. With an applied buffer of 50-ft on all project aspects, the Area of Potential Effects (APE) for the proposed Project totals approximately 143-acres.

Currently the Project APE consists of the WWTP, Lift Station No. 17, paved streets, residential front yards with planted grass, paved parking lots, undeveloped portions of private property, and dirt road rights-of way. The vertical APE, consisting of the maximum depth of the Kerman Sewer Improvement Project is 10-ft. This places the Project area on the open flats of the San Joaquin Valley approximately 11- mi west of the city of Fresno. Elevation within the Project area, which is flat, ranges between approximately 215 and 225-ft above mean sea level (amsl). The APE and immediate surroundings have been heavily developed for urban and agricultural use for many years and no native vegetation is present (Figure 2 of Appendix C). Ground surface visibility was very poor throughout the APE and buffer as the majority of the project will be conducted on paved roadways. No cultural resources of any kind, however, were identified within the Kerman Sewer Improvement Project APE and buffer.

Paleontological Resources
Paleontological resources are the fossilized remains of plants and animals and associated deposits. The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology has identified vertebrate fossils, their taphonomic and associated environmental indicators, and fossiliferous deposits as significant nonrenewable paleontological resources. Botanical and invertebrate fossils and assemblages may also be considered significant resources.

CEQA requires that a determination be made as to whether a project would directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geological feature (CEQA Appendix G(v)(c)). If an impact is significant, CEQA requires feasible measures to minimize the impact (CCR Title 14(3) §15126.4 (a)(1)). California Public Resources Code §5097.5 (see above) also applies to paleontological resources.

Direct and Indirect Impacts
As described in the Cultural Resources Report, the records search, background historical research, Native American outreach and a pedestrian survey revealed that no archaeological, cultural or historical resources occur on the Project site or in the Project area.

Unidentified archaeological, cultural or historical resources could be uncovered during proposed Project construction which could result in a potentially significant impact; however, implementation of 66 Section 6, Item A.

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Mitigation Measure CUL-1 would ensure that significant impacts remain less than significant with mitigation incorporation.

Mitigation Measures:

CUL – 1 In the event that archaeological remains are encountered at any time during development or ground-moving activities within the entire Project area, all work in the vicinity of the find should be halted until a qualified archaeologist can assess the discovery and take appropriate actions as necessary.
c. Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries? Less than Significant Impact. Although unlikely given the highly disturbed nature of the site and the records search did not indicate the presence of such resources, subsurface construction activities associated with the proposed Project could potentially disturb previously undiscovered human burial sites. Accordingly, this is a potentially significant impact. The California Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 states that if human remains are discovered on-site, no further disturbance shall occur until the Fresno County Coroner has made a determination of origin and disposition. If the Coroner determines that the remains are not subject to his or her authority and if the Coroner recognizes the human remains to be those of a Native American, or has reason to believe that they are those of a Native American, he or she shall contact, by telephone within 24 hours, the NAHC. The NAHC shall identify the person or persons it believes to be the “most likely descendant” (MLD) of the deceased Native American. The MLD may make recommendations to the landowner or the person responsible for the excavation work, for means of treating or disposing of, with appropriate dignity, the human remains and any associated grave goods as provided in Public Resource Code Section 5097.98.

Although considered unlikely subsurface construction activities could cause a potentially significant impact to previously undiscovered human burial sites, however compliance with regulations would reduce this impact to less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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VI. ENERGY
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Result in potentially significant
environmental impact due to wasteful,
inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of
energy resources, during project
construction or operation?
b. Conflict with or obstruct a state or local
plan for renewable energy or energy
efficiency?

RESPONSES
a. Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation? b. Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency? Less Than Significant Impact. The City of Kerman proposes improvements and upgrades to its existing sewer system infrastructure. These improvements consist of replacement or rehabilitation of approximately 5.3 (discontinuous) miles of sewer lines and other minor improvements to the WWTP (which will occur within the existing WWTP footprint). During construction, the Project would consume energy in two general forms: (1) the fuel energy consumed by construction vehicles and equipment; and (2) bound energy in construction materials, such as asphalt, steel, concrete, pipes, and manufactured or processed materials such as lumber and glass. Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards would provide guidance on construction techniques to maximize energy conservation and it is expected that contractors and the community have a strong financial incentive to use recycled materials and products originating from nearby sources in order to reduce materials costs. As such, it is anticipated that materials used in construction and construction vehicle fuel energy would not involve the wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy.

Operational Project energy consumption would be minimal, as the pipelines do not require energy once they are installed. Project improvements to the WWTP would require similar operational energy uses to 68 Section 6, Item A.

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existing conditions. Operational energy would also be consumed during each vehicle trip associated with the proposed use for maintenance or otherwise.

As discussed in Impact XVII – Transportation/Traffic, the proposed Project would not generate on-going daily vehicle trips, other than for maintenance. The length of these trips and the individual vehicle fuel efficiencies are not known; therefore, the resulting energy consumption cannot be accurately calculated.

Adopted federal vehicle fuel standards have continually improved since their original adoption in 1975 and assists in avoiding the inefficient, wasteful, and unnecessary use of energy by vehicles.

As discussed previously, the proposed Project would be required to implement and be consistent with existing energy design standards at the local and state level, such as Title 24. The Project would also be subject to energy conservation requirements in the California Energy Code and CALGreen for the new pipelines. Adherence to state code requirements would ensure that the Project would not result in wasteful and inefficient use of non-renewable resources due to operation.

Therefore, any impacts are less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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VII. GEOLOGY AND
SOILS
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Directly or indirectly cause potential
substantial adverse effects, including the
risk of loss, injury, or death involving:
i. Rupture of a known earthquake
fault, as delineated on the most
recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake
Fault Zoning Map issued by the
State Geologist for the area or based
on other substantial evidence of a
known fault? Refer to Division of
Mines and Geology Special
Publication 42.
ii. Strong seismic ground shaking?
iii. Seismic-related ground failure,
including liquefaction?
iv. Landslides?
b. Result in substantial soil erosion or the
loss of topsoil?
c. Be located on a geologic unit or soil that
is unstable, or that would become
unstable as a result of the project, and
potentially result in on- or off-site
landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence,
liquefaction or collapse?
d. Be located on expansive soil, as defined
in Table 18-1-B of the most recently
adopted Uniform Building Code
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VII. GEOLOGY AND
SOILS
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
creating substantial direct or indirect
risks to life or property?
e. Have soils incapable of adequately
supporting the use of septic tanks or
alternative waste water disposal systems
where sewers are not available for the
disposal of waste water?
f. Directly or indirectly destroy a unique
paleontological resource or site or
unique geologic feature?

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The City of Kerman is situated in the center of the Great Valley of California. According to the 2007 Kerman General Plan Update, this area is an almost-flat, northwest-southeast trending basin, which is approximately 450 miles long and 50 miles wide. Mesozoic platonic, volcanic and metamorphic rocks of the Sierra Nevada Mountains border the Great Valley basin on the east and the sedimentary rocks of the Coast Ranges on the western edge. The geologic formations found in and around the Kerman area are primarily the low alluvial fans of the perennial San Joaquin and Kings Rivers, and the multiple streams which comprise the Fresno alluvial fan sequence.

There are no known active earthquake faults in the City of Kerman. According to the 2007 Kerman General Plan Update, the greatest seismic threat to the region is posed by a complex thrust fault system, deep in the Sierran Block Boundary Zone, which is thought to be the source of the most notable earthquake recoded in the region (recorded in May 1983, 6.7 Rs). The nearest active fault near Kerman is the San Andreas, over 60 miles west.

According to the City’s General Plan, much of the Planning area contains a combination of three major soil groups: Hanford, Traver and Hesperia. These soil types are generally considered well-drained. 71 Section 6, Item A.

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RESPONSES
a-i. Expose people or structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault? Refer to Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42.

Less Than Significant Impact. As described above, no active or potentially active faults have been mapped within the City and the Project area does not lie within a State-designated Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone. The lack of mapped active and potentially active faults notwithstanding, the Project area could be subjected to strong ground shaking during an earthquake on a nearby faults.

The safety risk to people resulting from seismic activity would be significantly decreased by mandatory adherence to all relevant building codes, including the California Building Code (CBC) requirements, adopted by City. In addition, the Project does not include any habitable structures, as the Project only consists of sewer pipelines and minor improvements to the existing WWTP. Any impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
a (ii-iv). Expose people or structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving strong seismic ground shaking, liquefaction or landslides? Less than Significant Impact. The proposed Project site is not in an area recognized for severe seismic ground shaking, landslides or liquefaction. Additionally, the Project does not include the construction of substantial structures that would expose people or structures to adverse effects involving rupture of a known earthquake fault. Impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
b. Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil? Less than Significant Impact. The proposed Project site has a varied topography, but does not include any Project features that would result in substantial soil erosion or loss of topsoil. Most of the Project components will be located below grade. Once construction is completed, the pipeline trenches will be 72 Section 6, Item A.

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returned to pre-construction conditions and will not result in soil erosion greater than existing conditions. Therefore, the impact is less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
c. Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction or collapse?
Less than Significant Impact. As described in Impact VI (aii-aiv), the potential for landslides, liquefaction, settlement or other seismically related hazards is low. As such, any impacts will be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
d. Be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18-1-B of the most recently adopted Uniform Building Code creating substantial risks to life or property? Less than Significant Impact. As described above, the potential for hazard from landslide and liquefaction in the Project area is low. Therefore, the potential for liquefaction induced lateral spreading is also low. Causes of soil instability include, but are not limited to, withdrawal of groundwater, pumping of oil and gas from underground, liquefaction, and hydro-compaction.4 The proposed Project does not include the on-site withdrawal of groundwater and the Project site is not located in an area that has been subjected to activities that might cause soil instability. Because the Project site has not been subject to activities that may cause soil instability, the risk of subsidence or collapse is expected to be low. Any impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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e. Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative waste water disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of waste water? Less Than Significant Impact. The Project consists of improvements and upgrades to the existing City sewer pipelines and WWTP, and does not include installation of septic systems. The Project has been designed to work with the soil types in the community. Therefore, there would be a less than significant impact.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
f. Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature?
Less Than Significant Impact. Paleontological resources are the fossilized remains of plants and animals and associated deposits. The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology has identified vertebrate fossils, their taphonomic and associated environmental indicators, and fossiliferous deposits as significant nonrenewable paleontological resources. Botanical and invertebrate fossils and assemblages may also be considered significant resources.

There are no unique geological features or known fossil-bearing sediments in the vicinity of the proposed Project site. However, there remains the possibility for previously unknown, buried paleontological resources or unique geological sites to be uncovered during subsurface construction activities.

Implementation of Mitigation Measure CUL-1 would require inadvertently discovery practices to be implemented should previously undiscovered paleontological resources be located. As such, impacts to undiscovered paleontological resources would be less than significant. 74 Section 6, Item A.

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VIII. GREENHOUSE GAS

EMISSIONS
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either
directly or indirectly, that may have a
significant impact on the environment?
b. Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or
regulation adopted for the purpose of
reducing the emissions of greenhouse
gases?
RESPONSES:
a. Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment?
b. Conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases?
Less than Significant Impact. The proposed Project would generate exhaust-related GHG emissions during construction resulting from construction equipment operation, material haul and delivery trucks, and by trips by construction worker vehicles. Construction-related GHG emissions would occur for approximately twelve months and would cease following completion of the Project.

The proposed Project is not a land-use development project that would generate vehicle trips and is not a roadway capacity increasing project that could carry additional VMT. Therefore, the proposed Project would not result in a net increase in operational GHG emissions. As such, the proposed Project would not interfere or obstruct implementation of an applicable GHG emissions reduction plan. The proposed Project would be consistent with all applicable local plans, policies, and regulations for reducing GHG emissions. Any impacts related to GHG emissions would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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IX. HAZARDS AND

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Create a significant hazard to the public or
the environment through the routine
transport, use, or disposal of hazardous
materials?
b. Create a significant hazard to the public or
the environment through reasonably
foreseeable upset and accident conditions
involving the release of hazardous
materials into the environment?
c. Emit hazardous emissions or handle
hazardous or acutely hazardous materials,
substances, or waste within one-quarter
mile of an existing or proposed school?
d. Be located on a site which is included on a
list of hazardous materials sites compiled
pursuant to Government Code Section
65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a
significant hazard to the public or the
environment?
e. For a project located within an airport
land use plan or, where such a plan has
not been adopted, within two miles of a
public airport or public use airport, would
the project result in a safety hazard or
excessive noise for people residing or
working in the project area?
f. Impair implementation of or physically
interfere with an adopted emergency
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IX. HAZARDS AND

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
response plan or emergency evacuation
plan?
g. Expose people or structures either directly
or indirectly to a significant risk of loss,
injury or death involving wildland fires?
RESPONSES:
a. Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials?
b. Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment?
Less than Significant Impact. While trenching and construction activities may involve the limited transport, storage, use or disposal of hazardous materials, such as the fueling/servicing of construction equipment onsite, the activities would be short-term or one-time in nature and would be subject to federal, state, and local health and safety regulations.

Long-term operation of the proposed Project would involve little or no hazardous materials. Once operational, the pipelines are sealed and will not emit hazardous materials. Improvements to the existing WWTP will increase the efficiency of the system by providing upgrades to the system and will decrease hazards by replacing deteriorated WWTP. Since the Project is intended to improve and upgrade the operation of existing sewer systems, it is assumed to have a positive impact by reducing potential contamination, leakage, or other issues that may result in the release of hazardous materials.

With implementation of the proposed Project, there are no reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions that would create a significant hazard to the public due to the release of hazardous materials.

Impacts are considered less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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c. Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school? Less Than Significant Impact. There are several schools located within one-half mile of the proposed Project, since the Project is located in various areas of the City. As previously described, long-term operation of the proposed Project would involve little or no hazardous materials. Once operational, the pipelines are sealed and will not emit hazardous materials. Improvements to the existing WWTP will increase the efficiency of the system by providing upgrades to the system and will decrease hazards by replacing deteriorated WWTP. Since the Project is intended to replace the existing deteriorated sewer pipelines, it is assumed to have a positive impact by reducing potential contamination or other issues that may result in the release of hazardous materials.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.

d. Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would it create a significant hazard to the public or the environment?
No Impact. The proposed Project site is not located on a list of hazardous materials sites complied pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5.5 As such, there is no impact.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
e. For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard or excessive noise for people residing or working in the project area? Less Than Significant Impact. There are no airports within two miles of the Project. As previously described, the Project does not include any significant above-grade structures and as such has a less than significant impact on any airport operations.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
5 California Department of Toxic Substance Control. EnviroStor. https://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/map/?myaddress=kerman+ca.

Accessed October 2022.
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f. Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan?
Less Than Significant Impact. Pipeline installation may cause temporary partial road closures that could interfere with any adopted emergency response or evacuation plan. Construction schedules pertaining to pipelines within roadways will be coordinated with City police/fire/ambulance and other emergency services. Adequate emergency access will be maintained at all times. As such, any impacts will be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
g. Expose people or structures either directly or indirectly to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires?
No Impact. Implementation of the Project would not change the degree of exposure to wildfires because no new housing or businesses will be constructed. Therefore, there is no impact.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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X. HYDROLOGY AND

WATER QUALITY
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact No Impact
a. Violate any water quality standards or
waste discharge requirements or
otherwise substantially degrade surface or
ground water quality?
b. Substantially decrease groundwater
supplies or interfere substantially with
groundwater recharge such that the
project may impede sustainable
groundwater management of the basin?
c. Substantially alter the existing drainage
pattern of the site or area, including
through the alteration of the course of a
stream or river or through the addition of
impervious surfaces, in a manner which
would:
i. Result in substantial erosion or
siltation on- or off- site;
ii. substantially increase the rate or
amount of surface runoff in a manner
which would result in flooding on- or
offsite;
iii. create or contribute runoff water
which would exceed the capacity of
existing or planned stormwater drainage
systems or provide substantial additional
sources of polluted runoff; or
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X. HYDROLOGY AND

WATER QUALITY
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact No Impact
iv. impede or redirect flood flows?
d. In flood hazard, tsunami, or seiche zones,
risk release of pollutants due to project
inundation?
e. Conflict with or obstruct implementation
of a water quality control plan or
sustainable groundwater management
plan?
RESPONSES:
a. Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements or otherwise substantially degrade surface or ground water quality?
Less than Significant Impact. The proposed Project includes replacement and/or repair of the existing sewer pipeline system.

Construction
Although the proposed with construction activities could temporarily increase runoff, erosion, and sedimentation. Construction activities also could result in soil compaction and wind erosion effects that could adversely affect soils and reduce the revegetation potential at construction sites and staging areas.

Three general sources of potential short-term construction-related stormwater pollution associated with the proposed Project are: 1) the handling, storage, and disposal of construction materials containing pollutants; 2) the maintenance and operation of construction equipment; and 3) earth moving activities which, when not controlled, may generate soil erosion and transportation, via storm runoff or mechanical equipment. Generally, routine safety precautions for handling and storing construction materials may effectively mitigate the potential pollution of stormwater by these 81 Section 6, Item A.

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materials. These same types of common sense, “good housekeeping” procedures can be extended to non-hazardous stormwater pollutants such as sawdust and other solid wastes.

Poorly maintained vehicles and heavy equipment leaking fuel, oil, antifreeze, or other fluids on the construction site are also common sources of stormwater pollution and soil contamination. In addition, grading activities can greatly increase erosion processes. Two general strategies are recommended to prevent construction silt from entering local storm drains. First, erosion control procedures should be implemented for those areas that must be exposed. Secondly, the area should be secured to control offsite migration of pollutants. These Best Management Practices (BMPs) would be required in the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) to be prepared prior to commencement of Project construction. When properly designed and implemented, these “goodhousekeeping” practices are expected to reduce short-term construction-related impacts to less than significant.

In accordance with the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Stormwater Program, the Project will be required to comply with existing regulatory requirements to prepare a SWPPP designed to control erosion and the loss of topsoil to the extent practicable using BMPs that the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) has deemed effective in controlling erosion, sedimentation, runoff during construction activities. The specific controls are subject to the review and approval by the RWQCB and are an existing regulatory requirement.

Operation
The Project does not include any processes that would result in the production of chemicals or substances that would adversely impact local water quality beyond existing conditions. The Project is intended to rehabilitate/replace deteriorating sewer pipelines, which will reduce leaks and result in increased protection of groundwater in the area. The Project will not result in any additional water releases that could potentially impact groundwater or water quality. Improvements to the existing WWTP will increase the efficiency of the system by providing upgrades to the system and will decrease the potential to impact water quality by replacing deteriorated WWTP. The Regional Water Quality Control Board will have ultimate control over the sewer system, thereby ensuring adequate water quality standards. Any impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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b. Substantially decrease groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that the project may impede sustainable groundwater management of the basin? Less Than Significant Impact. The proposed Project includes improvements and upgrades to the City of Kerman’s existing sewer pipeline infrastructure. The total length of the proposed sewer pipeline upgrades totals 5.3 miles. These improvements will be made to a discontinuous series of sewer line segments within the City and will not use additional groundwater beyond what is already being used by the City. However, a new potable water system is proposed at the existing WWTP to provide on-site water source for use in cleaning treatment ponds, washdown of equipment, etc. This minor amount of water demand will not result in a significant impact to water supplies. Additionally, the proposed Project will not significantly interfere with groundwater recharge as it will not introduce significant amounts of impermeable surfaces. As such, any impacts to groundwater supplies will be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
c. Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river or through the addition of impervious surfaces, in a manner which would:
i. result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or offsite; ii. substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on- or offsite;
iii. create or contribute runoff water which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff; or
iv. impede or redirect flood flows?
Less than Significant Impact. The proposed pipelines and related improvements will be installed within the existing road right-of-way, or other easements and will not alter any existing drainage patterns. After construction, the pipeline trenches will be restored to pre-Project conditions and are not expected to effect stormwater drainage systems in the area. Improvements at the WWTP will occur within the existing footprint and will not introduce substantial areas of new impervious surfaces. There are no waterways in the immediate vicinity of the proposed Project that would be impacted by the Project. Any impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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d. In flood hazard, tsunami or seiche zones, risk release of pollutants due to project inundation? e. Conflict with or obstruct implementation of a water quality control plan or sustainable groundwater management plan?
No Impact. The Project is not within a regulatory floodway or within a base floodplain (100 year) elevation (FEMA Flood Map 060665). In addition, the Project does not include any housing or structures that would be subject to flooding either from a watercourse or from dam inundation. There are no bodies of water near the site that would create a potential risk of hazards from seiche, tsunami or mudflow. The Project will not conflict with any water quality control plans or sustainable groundwater management plan. Therefore, there are no impacts.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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XI. LAND USE AND

PLANNING
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Physically divide an established
community?
b. Cause a significant environmental impact
due to a conflict with any land use plan,
policy, or regulation adopted for the
purpose of avoiding or mitigating an
environmental effect?
RESPONSES:
a. Physically divide an established community?
b. Cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect? No Impact. The proposed Project is located within the City of Kerman as presented in Figure 2. The improvements to the sewer lines and WWTP would not cause any land use changes in the surrounding vicinity nor would it divide an established community. Once construction is completed, disturbed ground will be restored to pre-Project conditions. The proposed Project involves upgrades to the existing sewer pipelines and WWTP and does not conflict with any land use plans, policies or regulations. No impacts would occur as a result of Project implementation.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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XI. MINERAL RESOURCES
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Result in the loss of availability of a
known mineral resource that would be of
value to the region and the residents of
the state?
b. Result in the loss of availability of a locally
important mineral resource recovery site
delineated on a local general plan, specific
plan or other land use plan?
RESPONSES:
a. Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of value to the region and the residents of the state?
b. Result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan or other land use plan? No Impact. The proposed Project includes improvements and upgrades to the existing City sewer pipelines and WWTP. Construction will take place within the existing streetscape, and/or is otherwise heavily disturbed with urban uses and not in an area with known mineral resources. Therefore, there is no impact.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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XII. NOISE
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Generation of a substantial temporary or
permanent increase in ambient noise
levels in the vicinity of the project in
excess of standards established in the local
general plan or noise ordinance, or
applicable standards of other agencies?
b. Generation of excessive groundborne
vibration or groundborne noise levels?
c. For a project located within the vicinity of
a private airstrip or an airport land use
plan or, where such a plan has not been
adopted, within two miles of a public
airport or public use airport, would the
project expose people residing or working
in the project area to excessive noise
levels?
RESPONSES:
a. Generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies?
b. Generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels? Less than Significant Impact. The nearest sensitive receptors to the proposed Project would be the residences along the existing pipeline alignments, as presented in Figure 2. Project construction would involve temporary, short-term noise sources including site preparation and installation of the pipeline and site cleanup work is expected to last for approximately 12 months. It should be noted that construction will be spread out at different locations during the 12 months, rather than construction at a single location for 12 months. Construction-related short-term, temporary noise levels would be higher 87 Section 6, Item A.

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than existing ambient noise levels in the Project area, but is temporary and would not occur after construction is completed.

Operations-related noise would be similar to existing conditions. The pipelines themselves do not emit noise, nor do the related improvements. Operational noise at the WWTP would be similar to existing conditions. As such, any impacts to sensitive receptors would be less than significant.

During the proposed Project construction, noise from construction related activities will contribute to the noise environment in the immediate vicinity. Activities involved in construction will generate maximum noise levels, as indicated in Table 2, ranging from 79 to 91 dBA at a distance of 50 feet, without feasible noise control (e.g., mufflers) and ranging from 75 to 80 dBA at a distance of 50 feet, with feasible noise controls.

Table 2
Typical Construction Noise Levels
Type of Equipment dBA at 50 ft
Without Feasible Noise Control With Feasible Noise Control Dozer or Tractor 80 75
Excavator 88 80
Scraper 88 80
Front End Loader 79 75
Backhoe 85 75
Grader 85 75
Truck 91 75
The distinction between short-term construction noise impacts and long-term operational noise impacts is a typical one in both CEQA documents and local noise ordinances, which generally recognize the reality that short-term noise from construction is inevitable and cannot be mitigated beyond a certain level. Thus, local agencies frequently tolerate short-term noise at levels that they would not accept for permanent noise sources. A more severe approach would be impractical and might preclude the kind of construction activities that are to be expected from time to time. Most residents recognize this reality and expect to hear construction activities on occasion.

Typical outdoor sources of perceptible ground borne vibration are construction equipment, steelwheeled trains, and traffic on rough roads. Construction vibrations can be transient, random, or continuous. Construction associated with the proposed Project is earthmoving activities associated installing pipelines and installing equipment.
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The approximate threshold of vibration perception is 65 VdB, while 85 VdB is the vibration acceptable only if there are an infrequent number of events per day.6 Table 3 describes the typical construction equipment vibration levels.

Table 3
Typical Construction Vibration Levels
Equipment VdB at 25 ft
Small Bulldozer 58
Jackhammer 79
Vibration from construction activities will be temporary and not exceed the Federal Transit Authority threshold for the nearest sensitive receptors.

As such, any impacts resulting from an increase in noise levels or from groundborne noise levels is less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
c. For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip or an airport land use plan, or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels? No Impact. There are no airports in the vicinity of the Project area. As previously described, the Project does not include any above-grade structures and as such has no impact on or from noise associated with airport operations.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
6 Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment. Final Report No. FTA-VA-90-1003 prepared for the U.S. Federal Transit Administration by Harris Miller Miller & Hanson Inc., May 2006. Page 7-5. http://www.rtdfastracks.com/media/uploads/nm/14_Section_38_NoiseandVibration_Part3.pdf. Accessed September 2020. 89 Section 6, Item A.

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XIV. POPULATION AND

HOUSING
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Induce substantial unplanned population
growth in an area, either directly (for
example, by proposing new homes and
businesses) or indirectly (for example,
through extension of roads or other
infrastructure)?
b. Displace substantial numbers of existing
people or housing, necessitating the
construction of replacement housing
elsewhere?
RESPONSES:
a. Induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure)?
b. Displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere?
No Impact. There are no new homes or businesses associated with the proposed Project, nor would Project implementation displace people or housing. The proposed Project is needed to upgrade the existing City sewer pipelines and WWTP. There are no impacts.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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XV. PUBLIC SERVICES
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Would the project result in substantial
adverse physical impacts associated with
the provision of new or physically altered
governmental facilities, need for new or
physically altered governmental facilities,
the construction of which could cause
significant environmental impacts, in
order to maintain acceptable service
ratios, response times or other
performance objectives for any of the
public services:

Fire protection?
Police protection?
Schools?
Parks?
Other public facilities?
RESPONSES:
a. Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services:

Fire Protection?
No Impact. The proposed Project consists of improvements to the City’s existing sewer pipelines and WWTP. The Project would not directly or indirectly induce population growth and there would be no changes needed to the existing fire suppression services. There is no impact. 91 Section 6, Item A.

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Police Protection?
No Impact. The proposed Project will continue to be served by existing police protection services. No additional police personnel or equipment is anticipated. There is no impact.

Schools, Parks, Other Public Facilities?
No Impact. The proposed Project would not increase the number of residents in the community, as the Project does not include residential units. Because the demand for schools, parks, and other public facilities is driven by population, the proposed Project would not increase demand for those services. As such, the proposed Project would result in no impacts.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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XVI. RECREATION
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Would the project increase the use of
existing neighborhood and regional parks
or other recreational facilities such that
substantial physical deterioration of the
facility would occur or be accelerated?
b. Does the project include recreational
facilities or require the construction or
expansion of recreational facilities which
might have an adverse physical effect on
the environment?
RESPONSES:
a. Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated?
b. Does the project include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment? No Impact. The proposed Project does not include the construction of residential uses and would not directly or indirectly induce population growth. Therefore, the proposed Project would not cause physical deterioration of existing recreational facilities from increased usage or result in the need for new or expanded recreational facilities. The Project would have no impact to existing parks.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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XVII. TRANSPORTATION/

TRAFFIC
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Conflict with a program plan, ordinance or
policy addressing the circulation system,
including transit, roadway, bicycle and
pedestrian facilities?
b. Would the project conflict or be inconsistent
with CEQA Guidelines section 15064.3,
subdivision (b)?
c. Substantially increase hazards due to a
geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves
or dangerous intersections) or incompatible
uses (e.g., farm equipment)?
d. Result in inadequate emergency access?
RESPONSES:
a. Conflict with a program plan, ordinance or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle and pedestrian facilities?
b. Would the project conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines section 15064.3, subdivision (b)?
c. Substantially increase hazards due to a geometric design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)? d. Result in inadequate emergency access?
Less Than Significant Impact. The proposed Project would not cause a substantial increase in traffic, reduce the existing level of service, create any additional congestion at any intersections, or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3. The construction of pipelines and improvements to the WWTP will not generate any additional traffic (beyond construction-related traffic trips) and as such, level of service standards and vehicle miles traveled standards would not be exceeded. There are no 94 Section 6, Item A.

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components of the proposed Project that would increase hazards due to a geometric design feature. As traffic due to construction activities would be temporary in nature; the proposed Project would not cause a substantial increase in traffic or result in inadequate emergency access. Construction schedules pertaining to pipelines within roadways will be coordinated with police/fire/emergency services.

Adequate emergency access will be maintained at all times. Access to existing residences will also be maintained throughout construction.

Once installed, the new pipelines and improvements to the WWTP would not generate significant additional traffic trips per day, other than as needed for periodic maintenance. The Project would not conflict with a program plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system and as such, impacts would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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XVIII. TRIBAL CULTURAL

RESOURCES
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Would the project cause a substantial
adverse change in the significance of a
tribal cultural resource, defined in Public
Resources Code section 21074 as either a
site, feature, place, cultural landscape
that is geographically defined in terms of
the size and scope of the landscape,
sacred place, or object with cultural
value to a California Native American
tribe, and that is:
i) Listed or eligible for listing in the
California Register of Historical
Resources, or in a local register of
historical resources as defined in Public
Resources Code section 5020.1(k), or
ii) A resource determined by the lead
agency, in its discretion and supported
by substantial evidence, to be significant
pursuant to criteria set forth in
subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code
Section 5024.1. In applying the criteria set
forth in subdivision (c) of Public
Resource Code Section 5024.1, the lead
agency shall consider the significance of
the resource to a California Native
American tribe.
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RESPONSES:
a). Would the project cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in Public Resources Code section 21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is:
i) Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code section 5020.1(k), or ii) A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code Section 5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe.

Less Than Significant Impact. In accordance with Assembly Bill (AB) 52, potentially affected Tribes were formally notified of this Project and were given the opportunity to request consultation on the Project.

A Sacred Lands File (SLF) request was submitted to the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) on July 29, 2022. The NAHC responded with a negative result to the SLF search. Additionally, the NAHC provided a list of Native American tribes who have knowledge of the Project APE. ASM wrote to contacts provided by NAHC for additional information pertaining to the APE. Follow-up emails and phone calls were made to the NAHC provided contacts. At the time of the report publication no responses have been made. Appendix C provides requests to the NAHC, their results, and information request letters to Native American tribes.

Therefore, there is a less than significant impact.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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XIX. UTILITIES AND

SERVICE SYSTEMS
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Require or result in the relocation or
construction of new or expanded water,
wastewater treatment or storm water
drainage, electric power, natural gas, or
telecommunications facilities, the
construction or relocation of which could
cause significant environmental effects?
b. Have sufficient water supplies available to
serve the project and reasonably
foreseeable future development during
normal, dry and multiple dry years?
c. Result in a determination by the
wastewater treatment provider which
serves or may serve the project that it has
adequate capacity to serve the project’s
projected demand in addition to the
provider’s existing commitments?
d. Generate solid waste in excess of State or
local standards, or in excess of the
capacity of local infrastructure, or
otherwise impair the attainment of solid
waste reduction goals?
e. Comply with federal, state, and local
management and reduction statutes and
regulations related to solid waste?
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RESPONSES:
a. Require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water, wastewater treatment or storm water drainage, electric power, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects? Less Than Significant Impact with Mitigation. The primary purpose of the proposed Project is to alleviate sewer pipeline and WWTP issues in the City of Kerman. The Project itself is the replacement and/or repair of approximately 5.3 miles of sewer pipeline and improvements to the WWTP. All environmental impacts resulting from the improvements are discussed within this document.

Mitigation Measures: The Project will require multiple mitigation measures as identified throughout this document.
b. Have sufficient water supplies available to serve the project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years?
Less Than Significant Impact. The proposed Project includes improvements and upgrades to the City of Kerman’s existing sewer pipeline infrastructure and WWTP. The total length of the proposed sewer pipeline upgrades totals 5.3 miles. These improvements will be made to a discontinuous series of sewer line segments within the City and will not use additional groundwater beyond what is already being used by the City. However, a new potable water system is proposed at the existing WWTP to provide on-site water source for use in cleaning treatment ponds, washdown of equipment, etc. This minor amount of water demand will not result in a significant impact to water supplies. There is a less than significant impact.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
c. Result in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments?
Less Than Significant Impact. The proposed Project includes improvements and upgrades to the City of Kerman’s existing sewer pipeline infrastructure and WWTP. The Project does not result in additional impacts to the City’s WWTP capacity. The Regional Water Quality Control Board will have ultimate 99 Section 6, Item A.

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review and approval of the upgraded pipeline system, thereby ensuring the Project will be in compliance will all State and local regulations and requirements.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
d. Generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals? e. Comply with federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste?
Less Than Significant Impact. Proposed Project construction and operation will generate minimal amounts of solid waste. The proposed Project will not generate waste on an on-going basis and will comply with all federal, state and local statutes and regulations related to solid waste. Any impacts will be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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XX. WILDFIRE
If located in or near state responsibility areas
or lands classified as very high fire hazard
severity zones, would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Substantially impair an adopted emergency
response plan or emergency evacuation
plan?
b. Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other
factors, exacerbate wildfire risks, and
thereby expose project occupants to,
pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or
the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire?
c. Require the installation or maintenance of
associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel
breaks, emergency water sources, power
lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate
fire risk or that may result in temporary or
ongoing impacts to the environment?
d. Expose people or structures to significant
risks, including downslope or downstream
flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff,
post-fire slope instability, or drainage
changes?
RESPONSES:
a. Substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan? b. Due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, exacerbate wildfire risks, and thereby expose project occupants to, pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire?
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c. Require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment? d. Expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post-fire slope instability, or drainage changes? Less Than Significant Impact. The proposed Project is located in areas within the City of Kerman that have been developed with urban uses. The proposed Project includes improvements and upgrades to the City’s existing underground sewer pipelines and WWTP. There is no increased risk or on-going risk of wildfire beyond existing conditions associated with the Project.

As such, any wildfire risk to the Project structures or people would be less than significant.

Mitigation Measures: None are required.
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XXI. MANDATORY

FINDINGS OF

SIGNIFICANCE
Would the project:

Potentially
Significant
Impact
Less than
Significant
With
Mitigation
Incorporation
Less than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
a. Does the project have the potential to
substantially degrade the quality of the
environment, substantially reduce the
habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a
fish or wildlife population to drop below
self-sustaining levels, threaten to
eliminate a plant or animal community,
substantially reduce the number or restrict
the range of a rare or endangered plant or
animal or eliminate important examples of
the major periods of California history or
prehistory?
b. Does the project have impacts that are
individually limited, but cumulatively
considerable? (“Cumulatively
considerable” means that the incremental
effects of a project are considerable when
viewed in connection with the effects of
past projects, the effects of other current
projects, and the effects of probable future
projects)?
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Section 6, Item A.

RESPONSES:
a. Does the project have the potential to degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the habitat of a fish or wildlife species, cause a fish or wildlife population to drop below self-sustaining levels, threaten to eliminate a plant or animal community, reduce the number or restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal or eliminate important examples of the major periods of California history or prehistory?
Less than Significant Impact With Mitigation. The analyses of environmental issues contained in this Initial Study indicate that the proposed Project is not expected to have substantial impact on the environment or on any resources identified in the Initial Study. Mitigation measures have been incorporated in the Project to reduce all potentially significant impacts to less than significant.
b. Does the project have impacts that are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable? (“Cumulatively considerable” means that the incremental effects of a project are considerable when viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects, and the effects of probable future projects)? Less than Significant Impact. CEQA Guidelines Section 15064(i) states that a Lead Agency shall consider whether the cumulative impact of a project is significant and whether the effects of the project are cumulatively considerable. The assessment of the significance of the cumulative effects of a project must, therefore, be conducted in connection with the effects of past projects, c. Does the project have environmental
effects which will cause substantial
adverse effects on human beings, either
directly or indirectly?
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Section 6, Item A.
other current projects, and probable future projects. Due to the nature of the Project and consistency with environmental policies, incremental contributions to impacts are considered less than cumulatively considerable. The proposed Project would not contribute substantially to adverse cumulative conditions, or create any substantial indirect impacts (i.e., increase in population could lead to an increase need for housing, increase in traffic, air pollutants, etc.). The impact is less than significant.
c. Does the project have environmental effects which will cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly?
Less than Significant Impact With Mitigation. The analyses of environmental issues contained in this Initial Study indicate that the Project is not expected to have substantial impact on human beings, either directly or indirectly. Mitigation measures have been incorporated in the Project to reduce all potentially significant impacts to less than significant 105
Section 6, Item A.

Chapter 4

MITIGATION MONITORING
& REPORTING PROGRAM
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MITIGATION MONITORING AND REPORTING

PROGRAM
This Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP) has been formulated based upon the findings of the Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration (IS/MND) for the City of Kerman Sewer Improvements Project, in Fresno County, California. The MMRP lists mitigation measures recommended in the IS/MND for the proposed Project and identifies monitoring and reporting requirements as well as conditions recommended by responsible agencies who commented on the Project.

The first column of the Table identifies the mitigation measure. The second column, entitled “Party Responsible for Implementing Mitigation,” names the party responsible for carrying out the required action. The third column, “Implementation Timing,” identifies the time the mitigation measure should be initiated. The fourth column, “Party Responsible for Monitoring,” names the party ultimately responsible for ensuring that the mitigation measure is implemented. The last column will be used by the City to ensure that individual mitigation measures have been monitored.
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Mitigation Measure
Party
responsible
for
Implementing
Mitigation
Implementation
Timing
Party
responsible
for
Monitoring
Verification
(name/date)
Biology
BIO-1 Protect Nesting Swainsons Hawks.

1. To the extent practicable, construction shall
be scheduled to avoid the Swainson’s hawk
nesting season, which extends from March
through August.

2. If it is not possible to schedule work between
September and February, a qualified
biologist shall conduct a survey for active
Swainson’s hawk nests in accordance with
the Swainson’s Hawk Technical Advisory
Committee’s Recommended Timing and
Methodology for Swainson’s Hawk Nesting
Surveys in California’s Central Valley (SWTAC
2000, Appendix D). These methods require
six surveys, three in each of the two survey
periods, prior to project initiation. Surveys
shall be conducted within a minimum 0.5
mile radius.

BIO-2 Protect burrowing owls

1. Conduct focused burrowing owl surveys to
assess the presence/absence of burrowing
owl at the Project site in accordance with
the Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation
(CDFG 2012) and Burrowing Owl Survey
Protocol and Mitigation Guidelines (CBOC
1997). These involve conducting four preconstruction survey visits.

2. If burrowing owl or sign of burrowing owl use
(e.g. feathers, guano, pellets) is detected
City of Kerman Prior to and
during
construction
City of
Kerman
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Mitigation Measure
Party
responsible
for
Implementing
Mitigation
Implementation
Timing
Party
responsible
for
Monitoring
Verification
(name/date)
on or within 500 feet of the Project site, and
the qualified biologist determines that
Project activities would disrupt the owl(s), a
construction-free buffer, limited operating
period, or passive relocation shall be
implemented in consultation with the
CDFW.

BIO-3 Protect Nesting Birds.

1. To the extent practicable, construction shall
be scheduled to avoid the nesting season,
which extends from February through
August.

2. If it is not possible to schedule construction
between September and January, preconstruction surveys for nesting birds shall be conducted by a qualified biologist to ensure
that no active nests will be disturbed during
Project implementation. A pre-construction
survey shall be conducted no more than 14
days prior to the initiation of construction
activities. During this survey, the qualified
biologist shall inspect all potential nest
substrates in and immediately adjacent to
the impact areas for nests. If an active nest
is found close enough to the construction
area to be disturbed by these activities, the
qualified biologist shall determine the extent
of a construction-free buffer to be
established around the nest. If work cannot
proceed without disturbing the nesting
birds, work may need to be halted or
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Mitigation Measure
Party
responsible
for
Implementing
Mitigation
Implementation
Timing
Party
responsible
for
Monitoring
Verification
(name/date)
redirected to other areas until nesting and
fledging are completed or the nest has
otherwise failed for non-construction related
reasons.

Cultural Resources
Mitigation Measure CUL-1 –
• In the event that archaeological remains
are encountered at any time during
development or ground-moving activities
within the entire Project area, all work in the
vicinity of the find should be halted until a
qualified archaeologist can assess the
discovery and take appropriate actions as
necessary.

City of Kerman Prior to and
during
construction
City of
Kerman
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Chapter 5

PREPARERS
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LIST OF PREPARERS
Crawford & Bowen Planning, Inc.
• Travis Crawford, AICP, Principal Environmental Planner • Deepesh Tourani, Associate Planner
AM Consulting Engineers
• Alfonso Manrique, PE
• Angela Hall, PE
Colibri Ecological Consulting, LLC.
• Jeff Davis
ASM Affiliates
• Peter Carey
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Section 6, Item A.

Appendices
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Appendix A
CalEEMod Output Files
114
Section 6, Item A.

Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project
San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual
Project Characteristics - Project consists of sewer system improvements and upgrades.

Land Use - Total length of the proposed sewer upgrades is 5.3 miles. Sewer pipeline width is considered 12in.

1.1 Land Usage
Land Uses Size Metric Lot Acreage Floor Surface Area Population Other Asphalt Surfaces 28.00 1000sqft 0.64 28,000.00 0

1.2 Other Project Characteristics
Urbanization
Climate Zone
Urban
7 Wind Speed (m/s) 2.7 Precipitation Freq (Days) 45

1.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data

1.0 Project Characteristics

2.0 Emissions Summary
Utility Company
Operational Year 2024
CO2 Intensity
(lb/MWhr)
0 CH4 Intensity 0
(lb/MWhr)
N2O Intensity 0
(lb/MWhr)
Table Name Column Name Default Value New Value
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 1 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 115
Section 6, Item A.

2.1 Overall Construction
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Year tons/yr MT/yr
2022 0.0199 0.1943 0.1981 3.5000e0048.6400e0039.8500e0030.0185 3.4300e0039.1200e0030.0126 0.0000 30.9080 30.9080 8.0600e0033.6000e00431.2175 2023 0.0291 0.2171 0.2472 4.4000e0044.2700e0030.0105 0.0148 1.1600e0039.6900e0030.0109 0.0000 38.6048 38.6048 0.0105 5.1000e00439.0206 Maximum 0.0291 0.2171 0.2472 4.4000e0048.6400e0030.0105 0.0185 3.4300e0039.6900e0030.0126 0.0000 38.6048 38.6048 0.0105 5.1000e00439.0206 Unmitigated Construction
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Year tons/yr MT/yr
2022 0.0199 0.1943 0.1981 3.5000e0048.6400e0039.8500e0030.0185 3.4300e0039.1200e0030.0126 0.0000 30.9079 30.9079 8.0600e0033.6000e00431.2175 2023 0.0291 0.2171 0.2472 4.4000e0044.2700e0030.0105 0.0148 1.1600e0039.6900e0030.0109 0.0000 38.6047 38.6047 0.0105 5.1000e00439.0205 Maximum 0.0291 0.2171 0.2472 4.4000e0048.6400e0030.0105 0.0185 3.4300e0039.6900e0030.0126 0.0000 38.6047 38.6047 0.0105 5.1000e00439.0205 Mitigated Construction
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 2 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 116
Section 6, Item A.

ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e
Percent
Reduction

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Quarter Start Date End Date Maximum Unmitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter) Maximum Mitigated ROG + NOX (tons/quarter) 1 10-19-2022 1-18-2023 0.2597 0.2597
2 1-19-2023 4-18-2023 0.1966 0.1966
Highest 0.2597 0.2597

2.2 Overall Operational
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Area 2.4200e0030.0000 2.6000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 5.0000e0045.0000e0040.0000 0.0000 5.3000e004 Energy 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Mobile 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Waste 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Water 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 2.4200e0030.0000 2.6000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 5.0000e0045.0000e0040.0000 0.0000 5.3000e004 Unmitigated Operational
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 3 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 117
Section 6, Item A.

3.0 Construction Detail
Construction Phase
Phase
Number
Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Num Days
Week
Num Days Phase Description
1 Demolition Demolition 10/19/2022 11/1/2022 5 10
2 Site Preparation Site Preparation 11/2/2022 11/2/2022 5 1 3 Grading Grading 11/3/2022 11/4/2022 5 2
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio-CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N20 CO2e
Percent
Reduction

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 4 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 118
Section 6, Item A.
4 Building Construction Building Construction 11/5/2022 3/24/2023 5 100 5 Paving Paving 3/25/2023 3/31/2023 5 5
6 Architectural Coating Architectural Coating 4/1/2023 4/7/2023 5 5 OffRoad Equipment
Phase Name Offroad Equipment Type Amount Usage Hours Horse Power Load Factor Architectural Coating Air Compressors 1 6.00 78 0.48
Paving Cement and Mortar Mixers 4 6.00 9 0.56
Demolition Concrete/Industrial Saws 1 8.00 81 0.73
Building Construction Cranes 1 4.00 231 0.29
Building Construction Forklifts 2 6.00 89 0.20
Grading Graders 1 6.00 187 0.41
Site Preparation Graders 1 8.00 187 0.41
Paving Pavers 1 7.00 130 0.42
Paving Rollers 1 7.00 80 0.38
Demolition Rubber Tired Dozers 1 1.00 247 0.40
Grading Rubber Tired Dozers 1 6.00 247 0.40
Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 8.00 97 0.37 Demolition Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 6.00 97 0.37
Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 7.00 97 0.37
Paving Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 7.00 97 0.37
Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 8.00 97 0.37 Residential Indoor: 0; Residential Outdoor: 0; Non-Residential Indoor: 0; Non-Residential Outdoor: 0; Striped Parking Area: 1,680 (Architectural Coating – sqft)
Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 0.5
Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 1.5
Acres of Paving: 0.64
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 5 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 119
Section 6, Item A.

3.2 Demolition - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 3.5500e0030.0321 0.0374 6.0000e0051.6900e0031.6900e0031.6100e0031.6100e0030.0000 5.2068 5.2068 9.6000e0040.0000 5.2308 Total 3.5500e0030.0321 0.0374 6.0000e0051.6900e0031.6900e0031.6100e0031.6100e0030.0000 5.2068 5.2068 9.6000e0040.0000 5.2308 Unmitigated Construction On-Site

3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction
Trips and VMT
Phase Name Offroad Equipment
Count
Worker Trip
Number
Vendor Trip
Number
Hauling Trip
Number
Worker Trip
Length
Vendor Trip
Length
Hauling Trip
Length
Worker Vehicle
Class
Vendor
Vehicle Class
Hauling
Vehicle Class
Demolition 4 10.00 0.00 0.00 10.80 7.30 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Site Preparation 2 5.00 0.00 0.00 10.80 7.30 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Grading 3 8.00 0.00 0.00 10.80 7.30 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Building Construction 5 12.00 5.00 0.00 10.80 7.30 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Paving 7 18.00 0.00 0.00 10.80 7.30 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT Architectural Coating 1 2.00 0.00 0.00 10.80 7.30 20.00 LD_Mix HDT_Mix HHDT CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 6 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 120
Section 6, Item A.

3.2 Demolition - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 1.7000e0041.2000e0041.3600e0030.0000 4.0000e0040.0000 4.0000e0041.1000e0040.0000 1.1000e0040.0000 0.3324 0.3324 1.0000e0051.0000e0050.3358 Total 1.7000e0041.2000e0041.3600e0030.0000 4.0000e0040.0000 4.0000e0041.1000e0040.0000 1.1000e0040.0000 0.3324 0.3324 1.0000e0051.0000e0050.3358 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 3.5500e0030.0321 0.0374 6.0000e0051.6900e0031.6900e0031.6100e0031.6100e0030.0000 5.2068 5.2068 9.6000e0040.0000 5.2308 Total 3.5500e0030.0321 0.0374 6.0000e0051.6900e0031.6900e0031.6100e0031.6100e0030.0000 5.2068 5.2068 9.6000e0040.0000 5.2308 Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 7 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 121
Section 6, Item A.

3.3 Site Preparation - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 1.0000e0051.0000e0057.0000e0050.0000 2.0000e0050.0000 2.0000e0051.0000e0050.0000 1.0000e0050.0000 0.0166 0.0166 0.0000 0.0000 0.0168 Total 1.0000e0051.0000e0057.0000e0050.0000 2.0000e0050.0000 2.0000e0051.0000e0050.0000 1.0000e0050.0000 0.0166 0.0166 0.0000 0.0000 0.0168 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Fugitive Dust 2.7000e0040.0000 2.7000e0043.0000e0050.0000 3.0000e0050.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 2.9000e0043.4700e0031.9800e0030.0000 1.3000e0041.3000e0041.2000e0041.2000e0040.0000 0.4275 0.4275 1.4000e0040.0000 0.4310 Total 2.9000e0043.4700e0031.9800e0030.0000 2.7000e0041.3000e0044.0000e0043.0000e0051.2000e0041.5000e0040.0000 0.4275 0.4275 1.4000e0040.0000 0.4310 Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 9 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 123
Section 6, Item A.

3.4 Grading - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Fugitive Dust 5.3100e0030.0000 5.3100e0032.5700e0030.0000 2.5700e0030.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 1.0800e0030.0120 5.9400e0031.0000e0055.2000e0045.2000e0044.8000e0044.8000e0040.0000 1.2381 1.2381 4.0000e0040.0000 1.2482 Total 1.0800e0030.0120 5.9400e0031.0000e0055.3100e0035.2000e0045.8300e0032.5700e0034.8000e0043.0500e0030.0000 1.2381 1.2381 4.0000e0040.0000 1.2482 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 10 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 124
Section 6, Item A.

3.4 Grading - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 3.0000e0052.0000e0052.2000e0040.0000 6.0000e0050.0000 6.0000e0052.0000e0050.0000 2.0000e0050.0000 0.0532 0.0532 0.0000 0.0000 0.0537 Total 3.0000e0052.0000e0052.2000e0040.0000 6.0000e0050.0000 6.0000e0052.0000e0050.0000 2.0000e0050.0000 0.0532 0.0532 0.0000 0.0000 0.0537 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Fugitive Dust 5.3100e0030.0000 5.3100e0032.5700e0030.0000 2.5700e0030.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 1.0800e0030.0120 5.9400e0031.0000e0055.2000e0045.2000e0044.8000e0044.8000e0040.0000 1.2381 1.2381 4.0000e0040.0000 1.2482 Total 1.0800e0030.0120 5.9400e0031.0000e0055.3100e0035.2000e0045.8300e0032.5700e0034.8000e0043.0500e0030.0000 1.2381 1.2381 4.0000e0040.0000 1.2482 Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 11 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 125
Section 6, Item A.

3.5 Building Construction - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 0.0137 0.1405 0.1431 2.3000e0047.4400e0037.4400e0036.8400e0036.8400e0030.0000 20.0295 20.0295 6.4800e0030.0000 20.1915 Total 0.0137 0.1405 0.1431 2.3000e0047.4400e0037.4400e0036.8400e0036.8400e0030.0000 20.0295 20.0295 6.4800e0030.0000 20.1915 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 12 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 126
Section 6, Item A.

3.5 Building Construction - 2022
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 2.2000e0045.4900e0031.5800e0032.0000e0056.6000e0046.0000e0057.2000e0041.9000e0046.0000e0052.5000e0040.0000 2.0080 2.0080 1.0000e0053.0000e0042.0981 Worker 8.2000e0045.8000e0046.5400e0032.0000e0051.9200e0031.0000e0051.9300e0035.1000e0041.0000e0055.2000e0040.0000 1.5957 1.5957 5.0000e0055.0000e0051.6117 Total 1.0400e0036.0700e0038.1200e0034.0000e0052.5800e0037.0000e0052.6500e0037.0000e0047.0000e0057.7000e0040.0000 3.6037 3.6037 6.0000e0053.5000e0043.7098 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 0.0137 0.1405 0.1431 2.3000e0047.4400e0037.4400e0036.8400e0036.8400e0030.0000 20.0295 20.0295 6.4800e0030.0000 20.1915 Total 0.0137 0.1405 0.1431 2.3000e0047.4400e0037.4400e0036.8400e0036.8400e0030.0000 20.0295 20.0295 6.4800e0030.0000 20.1915 Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 13 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 127
Section 6, Item A.

3.5 Building Construction - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 0.0190 0.1926 0.2129 3.4000e0049.6100e0039.6100e0038.8400e0038.8400e0030.0000 30.0625 30.0625 9.7200e0030.0000 30.3056 Total 0.0190 0.1926 0.2129 3.4000e0049.6100e0039.6100e0038.8400e0038.8400e0030.0000 30.0625 30.0625 9.7200e0030.0000 30.3056 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 14 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 128
Section 6, Item A.

3.5 Building Construction - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 1.7000e0046.6300e0032.0300e0033.0000e0059.9000e0044.0000e0051.0400e0032.9000e0044.0000e0053.3000e0040.0000 2.8998 2.8998 1.0000e0054.3000e0043.0294 Worker 1.1300e0037.6000e0048.9600e0033.0000e0052.8800e0032.0000e0052.8900e0037.6000e0041.0000e0057.8000e0040.0000 2.3307 2.3307 7.0000e0057.0000e0052.3527 Total 1.3000e0037.3900e0030.0110 6.0000e0053.8700e0036.0000e0053.9300e0031.0500e0035.0000e0051.1100e0030.0000 5.2304 5.2304 8.0000e0055.0000e0045.3820 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 0.0190 0.1926 0.2129 3.4000e0049.6100e0039.6100e0038.8400e0038.8400e0030.0000 30.0625 30.0625 9.7200e0030.0000 30.3056 Total 0.0190 0.1926 0.2129 3.4000e0049.6100e0039.6100e0038.8400e0038.8400e0030.0000 30.0625 30.0625 9.7200e0030.0000 30.3056 Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 15 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 129
Section 6, Item A.

3.6 Paving - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 1.5300e0030.0138 0.0176 3.0000e0056.6000e0046.6000e0046.2000e0046.2000e0040.0000 2.3498 2.3498 6.8000e0040.0000 2.3669 Paving 8.4000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 2.3700e0030.0138 0.0176 3.0000e0056.6000e0046.6000e0046.2000e0046.2000e0040.0000 2.3498 2.3498 6.8000e0040.0000 2.3669 Unmitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 16 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 130
Section 6, Item A.

3.6 Paving - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 1.4000e0049.0000e0051.1200e0030.0000 3.6000e0040.0000 3.6000e0041.0000e0040.0000 1.0000e0040.0000 0.2913 0.2913 1.0000e0051.0000e0050.2941 Total 1.4000e0049.0000e0051.1200e0030.0000 3.6000e0040.0000 3.6000e0041.0000e0040.0000 1.0000e0040.0000 0.2913 0.2913 1.0000e0051.0000e0050.2941 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Off-Road 1.5300e0030.0138 0.0176 3.0000e0056.6000e0046.6000e0046.2000e0046.2000e0040.0000 2.3498 2.3498 6.8000e0040.0000 2.3669 Paving 8.4000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 2.3700e0030.0138 0.0176 3.0000e0056.6000e0046.6000e0046.2000e0046.2000e0040.0000 2.3498 2.3498 6.8000e0040.0000 2.3669 Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 17 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 131
Section 6, Item A.

3.7 Architectural Coating - 2023
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Hauling 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Vendor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Worker 2.0000e0051.0000e0051.2000e0040.0000 4.0000e0050.0000 4.0000e0051.0000e0050.0000 1.0000e0050.0000 0.0324 0.0324 0.0000 0.0000 0.0327 Total 2.0000e0051.0000e0051.2000e0040.0000 4.0000e0050.0000 4.0000e0051.0000e0050.0000 1.0000e0050.0000 0.0324 0.0324 0.0000 0.0000 0.0327 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Archit. Coating 5.8400e0030.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Off-Road 4.8000e0043.2600e0034.5300e0031.0000e0051.8000e0041.8000e0041.8000e0041.8000e0040.0000 0.6383 0.6383 4.0000e0050.0000 0.6393 Total 6.3200e0033.2600e0034.5300e0031.0000e0051.8000e0041.8000e0041.8000e0041.8000e0040.0000 0.6383 0.6383 4.0000e0050.0000 0.6393 Mitigated Construction On-Site
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 19 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 133
Section 6, Item A.

4.0 Operational Detail - Mobile
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Mitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Unmitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile

4.2 Trip Summary Information

4.3 Trip Type Information
Average Daily Trip Rate Unmitigated Mitigated
Land Use Weekday Saturday Sunday Annual VMT Annual VMT
Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 0.00 0.00 0.00
Miles Trip % Trip Purpose %
Land Use H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW H-W or C-W H-S or C-C H-O or C-NW Primary Diverted Pass-by Other Asphalt Surfaces 9.50 7.30 7.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0

4.4 Fleet Mix
Land Use LDA LDT1 LDT2 MDV LHD1 LHD2 MHD HHD OBUS UBUS MCY SBUS MH Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.511221 0.052103 0.170611 0.160645 0.028932 0.007649 0.013284 0.025916 0.000654 0.000315 0.023645 0.001472 0.003552 CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 21 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 135
Section 6, Item A.

5.0 Energy Detail
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Electricity
Mitigated

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Electricity
Unmitigated

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 NaturalGas
Mitigated

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 NaturalGas
Unmitigated

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy
Historical Energy Use: N
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 22 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 136
Section 6, Item A.

5.2 Energy by Land Use - NaturalGas
NaturalGa
s Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kBTU/yr tons/yr MT/yr
Other Asphalt
Surfaces
0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Unmitigated
NaturalGa
s Use
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kBTU/yr tons/yr MT/yr
Other Asphalt
Surfaces
0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Total 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Mitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 23 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 137
Section 6, Item A.

6.1 Mitigation Measures Area

6.0 Area Detail

5.3 Energy by Land Use - Electricity
Electricity
Use
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kWh/yr MT/yr
Other Asphalt
Surfaces
0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Unmitigated
Electricity
Use
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use kWh/yr MT/yr
Other Asphalt
Surfaces
0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Mitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 24 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 138
Section 6, Item A.

ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category tons/yr MT/yr
Mitigated 2.4200e0030.0000 2.6000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 5.0000e0045.0000e0040.0000 0.0000 5.3000e004 Unmitigated 2.4200e0030.0000 2.6000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 5.0000e0045.0000e0040.0000 0.0000 5.3000e004

6.2 Area by SubCategory
ROG NOx CO SO2 Fugitive
PM10
Exhaust
PM10
PM10
Total
Fugitive
PM2.5
Exhaust
PM2.5
PM2.5
Total
Bio- CO2 NBio- CO2 Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
SubCategory tons/yr MT/yr
Architectural
Coating

5.8000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Consumer
Products

1.8100e0030.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Landscaping 2.0000e0050.0000 2.6000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 5.0000e0045.0000e0040.0000 0.0000 5.3000e004 Total 2.4100e0030.0000 2.6000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 5.0000e0045.0000e0040.0000 0.0000 5.3000e004 Unmitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 25 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 139
Section 6, Item A.

7.1 Mitigation Measures Water

7.0 Water Detail

5.8000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Consumer
Products

1.8100e0030.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Landscaping 2.0000e0050.0000 2.6000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 5.0000e0045.0000e0040.0000 0.0000 5.3000e004 Total 2.4100e0030.0000 2.6000e0040.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 5.0000e0045.0000e0040.0000 0.0000 5.3000e004 Mitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 26 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 140
Section 6, Item A.

Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Category MT/yr
Mitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Unmitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

7.2 Water by Land Use
Indoor/Out
door Use
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use Mgal MT/yr
Other Asphalt
Surfaces
0 / 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Unmitigated
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 27 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 141
Section 6, Item A.

7.2 Water by Land Use
Indoor/Out
door Use
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use Mgal MT/yr
Other Asphalt
Surfaces
0 / 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Mitigated

8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste

8.0 Waste Detail
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
MT/yr
Mitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Unmitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Category/Year
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 28 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 142
Section 6, Item A.

8.2 Waste by Land Use
Waste
Disposed
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use tons MT/yr
Other Asphalt
Surfaces
0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Unmitigated
Waste
Disposed
Total CO2 CH4 N2O CO2e
Land Use tons MT/yr
Other Asphalt
Surfaces
0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Mitigated

9.0 Operational Offroad
Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Days/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 29 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 143
Section 6, Item A.

11.0 Vegetation

10.0 Stationary Equipment
Fire Pumps and Emergency Generators
Equipment Type Number Hours/Day Hours/Year Horse Power Load Factor Fuel Type Boilers
Equipment Type Number Heat Input/Day Heat Input/Year Boiler Rating Fuel Type User Defined Equipment
Equipment Type Number
CalEEMod Version: CalEEMod.2020.4.0 Page 30 of 30 Date: 10/19/2022 3:27 PM Kerman Sewer Systems Improvement Project - San Joaquin Valley Unified APCD Air District, Annual EMFAC Off-Model Adjustment Factors for Gasoline Light Duty Vehicle to Account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule Applied 144
Section 6, Item A.

Appendix B
Biological Evaluation Report
145
Section 6, Item A.

BIOLOGICAL RESOURCE

EVALUATION

DECEMBER 2022

KERMAN SEWER IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT

KERMAN, FRESNO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
PREPARED FOR:

Crawford & Bowen Planning, Inc.
113 N. Church Street, Suite 302
Visalia, CA 93291
PREPARED BY:

Colibri Ecological Consulting, LLC
9493 N Fort Washington Road, Suite 108
Fresno, CA 93730
www.colibri-ecology.com
146
Section 6, Item A.
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Section 6, Item A.
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Section 6, Item A.
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"""
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Section 6, Item A.
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June 14, 2022
United States Department of the Interior

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Sacramento Fish And Wildlife Office
Federal Building
2800 Cottage Way, Room W-2605
Sacramento, CA 95825-1846
Phone: (916) 414-6600 Fax: (916) 414-6713
In Reply Refer To:

Project Code: 2022-0054179
Project Name: Kerman Sewer Improvement Project
Subject: List of threatened and endangered species that may occur in your proposed project location or may be affected by your proposed project
To Whom It May Concern:

The enclosed species list identifies threatened, endangered, proposed and candidate species, as well as proposed and final designated critical habitat, that may occur within the boundary of your proposed project and/or may be affected by your proposed project. The species list fulfills the requirements of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) under section 7(c) of the Endangered Species Act (Act) of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).

New information based on updated surveys, changes in the abundance and distribution of species, changed habitat conditions, or other factors could change this list. Please feel free to contact us if you need more current information or assistance regarding the potential impacts to federally proposed, listed, and candidate species and federally designated and proposed critical habitat. Please note that under 50 CFR 402.12(e) of the regulations implementing section 7 of the Act, the accuracy of this species list should be verified after 90 days. This verification can be completed formally or informally as desired. The Service recommends that verification be completed by visiting the ECOS-IPaC website at regular intervals during project planning and implementation for updates to species lists and information. An updated list may be requested through the ECOS-IPaC system by completing the same process used to receive the enclosed list.

The purpose of the Act is to provide a means whereby threatened and endangered species and the ecosystems upon which they depend may be conserved. Under sections 7(a)(1) and 7(a)(2) of the Act and its implementing regulations (50 CFR 402 et seq.), Federal agencies are required to utilize their authorities to carry out programs for the conservation of threatened and endangered species and to determine whether projects may affect threatened and endangered species and/or designated critical habitat.

A Biological Assessment is required for construction projects (or other undertakings having similar physical impacts) that are major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment as defined in the National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 4332(2) 187
Section 6, Item A.
06/14/2022 2
(c)). For projects other than major construction activities, the Service suggests that a biological evaluation similar to a Biological Assessment be prepared to determine whether the project may affect listed or proposed species and/or designated or proposed critical habitat. Recommended contents of a Biological Assessment are described at 50 CFR 402.12.

If a Federal agency determines, based on the Biological Assessment or biological evaluation, that listed species and/or designated critical habitat may be affected by the proposed project, the agency is required to consult with the Service pursuant to 50 CFR 402. In addition, the Service recommends that candidate species, proposed species and proposed critical habitat be addressed within the consultation. More information on the regulations and procedures for section 7 consultation, including the role of permit or license applicants, can be found in the "Endangered Species Consultation Handbook" at:
http://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/TOC-GLOS.PDF Migratory Birds: In addition to responsibilities to protect threatened and endangered species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), there are additional responsibilities under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (BGEPA) to protect native birds from project-related impacts. Any activity, intentional or unintentional, resulting in take of migratory birds, including eagles, is prohibited unless otherwise permitted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (50 C.F.R. Sec. 10.12 and 16 U.S.C. Sec. 668(a)). For more information regarding these Acts see https://www.fws.gov/birds/policies-and-regulations.php.

The MBTA has no provision for allowing take of migratory birds that may be unintentionally killed or injured by otherwise lawful activities. It is the responsibility of the project proponent to comply with these Acts by identifying potential impacts to migratory birds and eagles within applicable NEPA documents (when there is a federal nexus) or a Bird/Eagle Conservation Plan (when there is no federal nexus). Proponents should implement conservation measures to avoid or minimize the production of project-related stressors or minimize the exposure of birds and their resources to the project-related stressors. For more information on avian stressors and recommended conservation measures see https://www.fws.gov/birds/bird-enthusiasts/threats-tobirds.php.

In addition to MBTA and BGEPA, Executive Order 13186: Responsibilities of Federal Agencies to Protect Migratory Birds, obligates all Federal agencies that engage in or authorize activities that might affect migratory birds, to minimize those effects and encourage conservation measures that will improve bird populations. Executive Order 13186 provides for the protection of both migratory birds and migratory bird habitat. For information regarding the implementation of Executive Order 13186, please visit https://www.fws.gov/birds/policies-and-regulations/ executive-orders/e0-13186.php.

We appreciate your concern for threatened and endangered species. The Service encourages Federal agencies to include conservation of threatened and endangered species into their project planning to further the purposes of the Act. Please include the Consultation Code in the header of this letter with any request for consultation or correspondence about your project that you submit to our office.
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06/14/2022 3
▪
Attachment(s):

Official Species List
189
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06/14/2022 1
Official Species List
This list is provided pursuant to Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, and fulfills the requirement for Federal agencies to "request of the Secretary of the Interior information whether any species which is listed or proposed to be listed may be present in the area of a proposed action".

This species list is provided by:

Sacramento Fish And Wildlife Office
Federal Building
2800 Cottage Way, Room W-2605
Sacramento, CA 95825-1846
(916) 414-6600
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Project Summary
Project Code: 2022-0054179
Event Code: None
Project Name: Kerman Sewer Improvement Project
Project Type: Wastewater Pipeline - Maintenance / Modification - Below Ground Project Description: The Project will involve replacing and rehabilitating sewer mains at various locations throughout the City of Kerman.

Project Location:

Approximate location of the project can be viewed in Google Maps: https:// www.google.com/maps/@36.7235922,-120.05653982142857,14z Counties: Fresno County, California
191
Section 6, Item A.
06/14/2022 3

1. Endangered Species Act Species
There is a total of 9 threatened, endangered, or candidate species on this species list.

Species on this list should be considered in an effects analysis for your project and could include species that exist in another geographic area. For example, certain fish may appear on the species list because a project could affect downstream species.

IPaC does not display listed species or critical habitats under the sole jurisdiction of NOAA Fisheries , as USFWS does not have the authority to speak on behalf of NOAA and the Department of Commerce.

See the "Critical habitats" section below for those critical habitats that lie wholly or partially within your project area under this office's jurisdiction. Please contact the designated FWS office if you have questions.

NOAA Fisheries, also known as the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), is an office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration within the Department of Commerce.

Mammals

NAME STATUS
Fresno Kangaroo Rat Dipodomys nitratoides exilis
There is final critical habitat for this species. The location of the critical habitat is not available.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/5150
Endangered
San Joaquin Kit Fox Vulpes macrotis mutica
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/2873
Endangered
Reptiles

NAME STATUS
Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard Gambelia silus
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/625
Endangered
Giant Garter Snake Thamnophis gigas
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/4482
Threatened
1 192
Section 6, Item A.
06/14/2022 4
Amphibians

NAME STATUS
California Tiger Salamander Ambystoma californiense
Population: U.S.A. (Central CA DPS)
There is final critical habitat for this species. The location of the critical habitat is not available.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/2076
Threatened
Fishes

NAME STATUS
Delta Smelt Hypomesus transpacificus
There is final critical habitat for this species. The location of the critical habitat is not available.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/321
Threatened
Insects

NAME STATUS
Monarch Butterfly Danaus plexippus
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9743
Candidate
Crustaceans

NAME STATUS
Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp Branchinecta lynchi
There is final critical habitat for this species. The location of the critical habitat is not available.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/498
Threatened
Flowering Plants

NAME STATUS
Palmate-bracted Bird's Beak Cordylanthus palmatus
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.

Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1616
Endangered
Critical habitats

THERE ARE NO CRITICAL HABITATS WITHIN YOUR PROJECT AREA UNDER THIS OFFICE'S JURISDICTION.
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IPaC User Contact Information
Agency: Colibri Ecological Services
Name: Ryan Slezak
Address: 9493 N Ft Washington Rd
City: Fresno
State: CA
Zip: 93730
Email [email protected]
Phone: 5592426178
194
Section 6, Item A.
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CB
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195
Section 6, Item A.

Elev. Element Occ. Ranks Population Status Presence
Name (Scientific/Common)
CNDDB
Ranks
Listing Status
(Fed/State) Other Lists
Range
(ft.)
Total
EO's A B C D X U
Historic
> 20 yr
Recent
<= 20 yr Extant
Poss.

Extirp. Extirp.

Agelaius tricolor
tricolored blackbird
G1G2
S1S2
None
Threatened
BLM_S-Sensitive
CDFW_SSC-Species
of Special Concern
IUCN_EN-Endangered
NABCI_RWL-Red
Watch List
USFWS_BCC-Birds of
Conservation Concern
165
235
955
S:4
0 0 0 0 0 4 3 1 4 0 0
Athene cunicularia
burrowing owl
G4
S3
None
None
BLM_S-Sensitive
CDFW_SSC-Species
of Special Concern
IUCN_LC-Least
Concern
USFWS_BCC-Birds of
Conservation Concern
178
230
2011
S:10
1 5 1 1 0 2 3 7 10 0 0
Atriplex cordulata var. cordulata
heartscale
G3T2
S2
None
None
Rare Plant Rank - 1B.2
BLM_S-Sensitive
185
200
66 S:6
2 1 1 0 2 0 6 0 4 0 2
Atriplex cordulata var. erecticaulis
Earlimart orache
G3T1
S1
None
None
Rare Plant Rank - 1B.2 175
175
23 S:1
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
Atriplex coronata var. vallicola
Lost Hills crownscale
G4T3
S3
None
None
Rare Plant Rank - 1B.2
BLM_S-Sensitive
190
190
75 S:1
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
Atriplex depressa
brittlescale
G2
S2
None
None
Rare Plant Rank - 1B.2 185
190
60 S:4
0 3 0 0 0 1 4 0 4 0 0
Atriplex minuscula
lesser saltscale
G2
S2
None
None
Rare Plant Rank - 1B.1 185
200
52 S:9
2 3 1 0 0 3 9 0 9 0 0
Atriplex persistens
vernal pool smallscale
G2
S2
None
None
Rare Plant Rank - 1B.2 182
182
41 S:1
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
Atriplex subtilis
subtle orache
G1
S1
None
None
Rare Plant Rank - 1B.2 185
190
24 S:5
2 0 0 0 1 2 5 0 4 1 0
Buteo swainsoni
Swainson's hawk
G5
S3
None
Threatened
BLM_S-Sensitive
IUCN_LC-Least
Concern
165
237
2548
S:10
0 2 3 0 0 5 5 5 10 0 0
Query Criteria: Quad IS (Kearney Park (3611968) OR Herndon (3611978) OR Raisin (3611958) OR San Joaquin (3612052) OR Kerman (3612061) OR Jamesan (3612062) OR Gravelly Ford (3612072) OR Biola (3612071) OR Helm (3612051)) Report Printed on Tuesday, June 14, 2022
Commercial Version -- Dated June, 3 2022 -- Biogeographic Data Branch Page 1 of 3 Information Expires 12/3/2022
Summary Table Report
California Department of Fish and Wildlife
California Natural Diversity Database
196
Section 6, Item A.

Extirp. Extirp.

Charadrius montanus
mountain plover
G3
S2S3
None
None
BLM_S-Sensitive
CDFW_SSC-Species
of Special Concern
IUCN_NT-Near
Threatened
NABCI_RWL-Red
Watch List
USFWS_BCC-Birds of
Conservation Concern
175
175
90 S:1
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
Chloropyron palmatum
palmate-bracted bird's-beak
G1
S1
Endangered
Endangered
Rare Plant Rank - 1B.1
SB_CalBG/RSABGCalifornia/Rancho
Santa Ana Botanic
Garden
195
195
25 S:1
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
Delphinium recurvatum
recurved larkspur
G2?
S2?
None
None
Rare Plant Rank - 1B.2
BLM_S-Sensitive
SB_SBBG-Santa
Barbara Botanic
Garden
180
195
119
S:3
0 0 1 0 2 0 2 1 1 0 2
Desmocerus californicus dimorphus
valley elderberry longhorn beetle
G3T2T3
S3
Threatened
None
225
225
271
S:1
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
Dipodomys nitratoides exilis
Fresno kangaroo rat
G3TH
SH
Endangered
Endangered
IUCN_VU-Vulnerable 180
225
12 S:7
0 0 2 0 3 2 7 0 4 1 2
Eriastrum hooveri
Hoover's eriastrum
G3
S3
Delisted
None
Rare Plant Rank - 4.2
SB_CalBG/RSABGCalifornia/Rancho
Santa Ana Botanic
Garden
170
235
47 S:5
0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 5
Eryngium spinosepalum
spiny-sepaled button-celery
G2
S2
None
None
Rare Plant Rank - 1B.2
BLM_S-Sensitive
183
183
108
S:1
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
Gambelia sila
blunt-nosed leopard lizard
G1
S1
Endangered
Endangered
CDFW_FP-Fully
Protected
IUCN_EN-Endangered
180
200
418
S:4
0 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 4 0 0
Lasthenia chrysantha
alkali-sink goldfields
G2
S2
None
None
Rare Plant Rank - 1B.1 185
220
55 S:9
0 0 0 0 4 5 4 5 5 4 0
Layia munzii
Munz's tidy-tips
G2
S2
None
None
Rare Plant Rank - 1B.2
BLM_S-Sensitive
170
170
68 S:1
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
Masticophis flagellum ruddocki
San Joaquin coachwhip
G5T2T3
S2?
None
None
CDFW_SSC-Species
of Special Concern
180
180
96 S:1
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
Report Printed on Tuesday, June 14, 2022
Commercial Version -- Dated June, 3 2022 -- Biogeographic Data Branch Page 2 of 3 Information Expires 12/3/2022
Summary Table Report
California Department of Fish and Wildlife
California Natural Diversity Database
197
Section 6, Item A.

Extirp. Extirp.

Northern Claypan Vernal Pool
Northern Claypan Vernal Pool
G1
S1.1
None
None
175
175
21 S:1
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
Orcuttia pilosa
hairy Orcutt grass
G1
S1
Endangered
Endangered
Rare Plant Rank - 1B.1
SB_CalBG/RSABGCalifornia/Rancho
Santa Ana Botanic
Garden
310
310
35 S:1
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
Perognathus inornatus
San Joaquin pocket mouse
G2G3
S2S3
None
None
BLM_S-Sensitive
IUCN_LC-Least
Concern
265
265
140
S:1
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
Puccinellia simplex
California alkali grass
G3
S2
None
None
Rare Plant Rank - 1B.2
BLM_S-Sensitive
180
220
80 S:6
0 0 0 0 3 3 4 2 3 1 2
Sagittaria sanfordii
Sanford's arrowhead
G3
S3
None
None
Rare Plant Rank - 1B.2
BLM_S-Sensitive
185
295
143
S:2
0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 2 0 0
Spea hammondii
western spadefoot
G2G3
S3
None
None
BLM_S-Sensitive
CDFW_SSC-Species
of Special Concern
IUCN_NT-Near
Threatened
183
202
1422
S:4
0 0 2 1 0 1 2 2 4 0 0
Taxidea taxus
American badger
G5
S3
None
None
CDFW_SSC-Species
of Special Concern
IUCN_LC-Least
Concern
180
315
594
S:3
0 1 0 0 0 2 1 2 3 0 0
Thamnophis gigas
giant gartersnake
G2
S2
Threatened
Threatened
IUCN_VU-Vulnerable 195
195
373
S:1
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
Valley Sacaton Grassland
Valley Sacaton Grassland
G1
S1.1
None
None
175
175
9 S:1
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
Vulpes macrotis mutica
San Joaquin kit fox
G4T2
S2
Endangered
Threatened
185
302
1020
S:4
0 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 4 0 0
Report Printed on Tuesday, June 14, 2022
Commercial Version -- Dated June, 3 2022 -- Biogeographic Data Branch Page 3 of 3 Information Expires 12/3/2022
Summary Table Report
California Department of Fish and Wildlife
California Natural Diversity Database
198
Section 6, Item A.
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199
Section 6, Item A.
200
Section 6, Item A.
201
Section 6, Item A.
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202
Section 6, Item A.

RECOMMENDED TIMING AND METHODOLOGY

FOR SWAINSON'S HAWK NESTING SURVEYS

IN CALIFORNIA'S CENTRAL VALLEY
Swainson’s Hawk Technical Advisory Committee
May 31, 2000
This set of survey recommendations was developed by the Swainson’s Hawk Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) to maximize the potential for locating nesting Swainson’s hawks, and thus reducing the potential for nest failures as a result of project activities/disturbances. The combination of appropriate surveys, risk analysis, and monitoring has been determined to be very effective in reducing the potential for project-induced nest failures. As with most species, when the surveyor is in the right place at the right time, Swainson’s hawks may be easy to observe; but some nest sites may be very difficult to locate, and even the most experienced surveyors have missed nests, nesting pairs, mis-identified a hawk in a nest, or believed incorrectly that a nest had failed. There is no substitute for specific Swainson’s hawk survey experience and acquiring the correct search image.

METHODOLOGY
Surveys should be conducted in a manner that maximizes the potential to observe the adult Swainson’s hawks, as well as the nest/chicks second. To meet the California Department of Fish and Game’s (CDFG) recommendations for mitigation and protection of Swainson’s hawks, surveys should be conducted for a ½ mile radius around all project activities, and if active nesting is identified within the ½ mile radius, consultation is required. In general, the TAC recommends this approach as well.

Minimum Equipment
Minimum survey equipment includes a high-quality pair of binoculars and a high quality spotting scope. Surveying even the smallest project area will take hours, and poor optics often result in eye-strain and difficulty distinguishing details in vegetation and subject birds. Other equipment includes good maps, GPS units, flagging, and notebooks.

Walking vs Driving
Driving (car or boat) or “windshield surveys” are usually preferred to walking if an adequate roadway is available through or around the project site.While driving, the observer can typically approach much closer to a hawk without causing it to fly. Although it might appear that a flying bird is more visible, they often fly away from the observer using trees as screens; and it is difficult to determine from where a flying bird came. Walking surveys are useful in locating a nest after a nest territory is identified, or when driving is not an option.

Angle and Distance to the Tree
Surveying subject trees from multiple angles will greatly increase the observer’s chance of detecting a nest or hawk, especially after trees are fully leafed and when surveying multiple trees 203
Section 6, Item A.
in close proximity. When surveying from an access road, survey in both directions. Maintaining a distance of 50 meters to 200 meters from subject trees is optimal for observing perched and flying hawks without greatly reducing the chance of detecting a nest/young: Once a nesting territory is identified, a closer inspection may be required to locate the nest.

Speed
Travel at a speed that allows for a thorough inspection of a potential nest site. Survey speeds should not exceed 5 miles per hour to the greatest extent possible. If the surveyor must travel faster than 5 miles per hour, stop frequently to scan subject trees.

Visual and Aural Ques
Surveys will be focused on both observations and vocalizations. Observations of nests, perched adults, displaying adults, and chicks during the nesting season are all indicators of nesting Swainson’s hawks. In addition, vocalizations are extremely helpful in locating nesting territories.

Vocal communication between. hawks is frequent during territorial displays; during courtship and mating; through the nesting period as mates notify each other that food is available or that a threat exists; and as older chicks and fledglings beg for food.

Distractions
Minimize distractions while surveying. Although two pairs of eyes may be better than one pair at times, conversation may limit focus. Radios should be off, not only are they distracting, they may cover a hawk’s call.

Notes and Species Observed
Take thorough field notes. Detailed notes and maps of the location of observed Swainson’s hawk nests are essential for filling gaps in the Natural Diversity Data Base; please report all observed nest sites. Also document the occurrence of nesting great homed owls, red-tailed hawks, redshouldered hawks and other potentially competitive species. These species will infrequently nest within 100 yards of each other, so the presence of one species will not necessarily exclude another.

TIMING
To meet the minimum level of protection for the species, surveys should be completed for at least the two survey periods immediately prior to a project’s initiation. For example, if a project is scheduled to begin on June 20, you should complete 3 surveys in Period III and 3 surveys in Period V. However, it is always recommended that surveys be completed in Periods II, III and V.

Surveys should not be conducted in Period IV.

The survey periods are defined by the timing of migration, courtship, and nesting in a “typical” year for the majority of Swainson’s hawks from San Joaquin County to Northern Yolo County.

Dates should be adjusted in consideration of early and late nesting seasons, and geographic differences (northern nesters tend to nest slightly later, etc). If you are not sure, contact a TAC _ member or CDFG biologist. 204
Section 6, Item A.

Survey dates
Justification and search image
Survey time Number of Surveys
I. January-March 20 (recommended optional) All day 1
Prior to Swainson’s hawks returning, it may be helpful to survey the project site to determine potential nest locations. Most nests are easily observed from relatively long distances, giving the surveyor the opportunity to identify potential nest sites, as well as becoming familiar with the project area. It also gives the surveyor the opportunity to locate and map competing species nest sites such as great homed owls from February on, and red-tailed hawks from March on. After March 1, surveyors are likely to observe Swainson’s hawks staging in traditional nest territories.

II. March 20 to April 5 Sunrise to 1000 3
1600 to sunset
Most Central Valley Swainson’s hawks return by April 1, and immediately begin occupying their traditional nest territories. For those few that do not return by April 1, there are often hawks (“floaters”) that act as place-holders in traditional nest sites; they are birds that do not have mates, but temporarily attach themselves to traditional territories and/or one of the site’s “owners.” Floaters are usually displaced by the territories’ owner(s) if the owner returns.

Most trees are leafless and are relatively transparent; it is easy to observe old nests, staging birds, and competing species. The hawks are usually in their territories during the survey hours, but typically soaring and foraging in the mid-day hours. Swainson’s hawks may often be observed involved in territorial and courtship displays, and circling the nest territory. Potential nest sites identified by the observation of staging Swainson’s hawks will usually be active territories during that season, although the pair may not successfully nest/reproduce that year.

III. April 5 to April 20 Sunrise to 1200
1630 to Sunset
3 Although trees are much less transparent at this time, ‘activity at the nest site increases significantly. Both males and females are actively nest building, visiting their selected site frequently. Territorial and courtship displays are increased, as is copulation. The birds tend to vocalize often, and nest locations are most easily identified. This period may require a great deal of “sit and watch” surveying.

IV. April 21 to June 10 Monitoring known nest sites only Initiating Surveys is not recommended
Nests are extremely difficult to locate this time of year, and even the most experienced surveyor will miss them, especially if the previous surveys have not been done. During this phase of nesting, the female Swainson’s hawk is in brood position, very low in the nest, laying eggs, incubating, or protecting the newly hatched and vulnerable chicks; her head may or may not be visible. Nests are often well-hidden, built into heavily vegetated sections of trees or in clumps of mistletoe, making them all but invisible. Trees are usually not viewable from all angles, which may make nest observation impossible.
205
Section 6, Item A.

Following the male to the nest may be the only method to locate it, and the male will spend hours away from the nest foraging, soaring, and will generally avoid drawing attention to the nest site.

Even if the observer is fortunate enough to see a male returning with food for the female, if the female determines it is not safe she will not call the male in, and he will not approach the nest; this may happen if the observer, or others, are too close to the nest or if other threats, such as rival hawks, are apparent to the female or male.

V. June 10 to JuIy 30 (post-fledging) Sunrise to 1200 3 1600 to sunset
Young are active and visible, and relatively safe without parental protection. Both adults make numerous trips to the nest and are often soaring above, or perched near or on the nest tree. The location and construction of the nest may still limit visibility of the nest, young, ‘and adults. 206
Section 6, Item A.

DETERMINING A PROJECT’S POTENTIAL

FOR IMPACTING SWAINSON'S HAWKS
LEVEL
OF
RISK
HIGH

REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS
(Individuals)
Direct physical contact with the
nest tree while the birds are on
eggs or protecting young.
(Helicopters in close proximity)
Loss of nest tree after nest
building is begun prior to laying
eggs.
evaluation.

Personnel within 50 yards of nest
tree (out of vehicles) for
extended periods while birds are
on eggs or protecting young that
are < 10 days old.

Initiating construction activities
(machinery and personnel) within
200 yards of the nest after eggs
are laid and before young are >
10 days old.

Heavy machinery only working
within 50 yards of nest.

Initiating construction activities
within 200 yards of nest before
nest building begins or after
young > 10 days old.

All project activities (personnel
and machinery) greater than 200
yards from nest.

LONGTERM
SURVIVABlLlTY
(Population)
Loss of available foraging
area.

Loss of nest trees.

Loss of potential nest trees.

Cumulative:

Multi-year, multi-site
projects with substantial
noise/personnel disturbance.

Cumulative:

Single-season projects with
substantial noise/personnel
disturbance that is greater
than or significantly different
from the daily norm.

Cumulative:

Single-season projects with
activities that “blend” well
with site’s “normal’
activities.

NORMAL SITE

CHARACTERISTICS
(Daily Average)
Little human-created
noise, little human use:
nest is well away from
dwellings, equipment
yards, human access areas,
etc.

Do not include general
cultivation practices in
Substantial human-created
noise and occurrence: nest
is near roadways, wellused waterways, active
airstrips, areas that have
high human use.

Do not include general
cultivation practices in
evaluation.

NEST
MONITORING
LESS
207
Section 6, Item A.

Appendix C
Cultural Resources Report
208
Section 6, Item A.

CLASS III INVENTORY/PHASE I SURVEY,

KERMAN SEWER IMPROVEMENT PROJECT,

KERMAN, FRESNO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
Prepared for:

Mr. Travis L. Crawford
Principal Environmental Planner
Crawford and Bowen Planning, Inc.
113 N. Church St., Suite 302
Visalia, CA 93291
Prepared by:

David S. Whitley, Ph.D., RPA
and
Peter A. Carey, M.A. RPA
ASM Affiliates, Inc.
20424 West Valley Blvd., Suite A
Tehachapi, California 93561
December 2022
PN 36790.09
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Table of Contents
Kerman Sewer Improvement Project i

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Page
MANAGEMENT SUMMARY........................................................................................iii

1. INTRODUCTION AND REGULATORY CONTEXT......................................1

1.1 PROJECT LOCATION ................................................................................................ 1

1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND APE ........................................................................ 1

1.3 REGULATORY CONTEXT........................................................................................ 2

1.3.1 California Environmental Quality Act .................................................................. 2

1.3.2 National Historic Preservation Act Section 106.................................................... 3

2. ENVIRONMENTAL AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND..............................7

2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND AND GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL
SENSITIVITY.............................................................................................................. 7

2.2 ETHNOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND .......................................................................... 7

2.3 PRE-CONTACT ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND........................................ 9

2.4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND................................................................................ 11

2.5 RESEARCH DESIGN................................................................................................ 13

2.5.1 Pre-Contact Archaeology .................................................................................... 13

2.5.2 Historical Archaeology: Native American.......................................................... 15

2.5.3 Historical Archaeology: Euro-American............................................................. 16

3. ARCHIVAL RECORDS SEARCH....................................................................19

3.1 ARCHIVAL RECORD SEARCHES ......................................................................... 19

3.2 TRIBAL COORDINATION ...................................................................................... 21

4. METHODS AND RESULTS...............................................................................23

4.1 FIELD METHODS..................................................................................................... 23

4.2 SURVEY RESULTS .................................................................................................. 24

5. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS.....................................................25

5.1 RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................ 25 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................27 CONFIDENTIAL APPENDICES .................................................................................31 211
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LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 1. Location of Kerman Sewer Improvement Project, Fresno County, California ................................................................................................................ 5 Figure 2. Typical setting for the Kerman Sewer Improvement Project APE looking south-southeast...................................................................................................... 23

LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1. Survey Reports within the APE. ........................................................................... 19 Table 2. Survey Reports within 0.5-mi of the APE ............................................................ 20 Table 3. Resources within the APE .................................................................................... 20 Table 4 Resources within 0.5-mi of the APE..................................................................... 20 212
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Management Summary
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MANAGEMENT SUMMARY
An intensive Class III cultural resources inventory/Phase I survey was conducted for the Kerman Sewer Improvement Project (Project), Fresno County, California. The Project is located in Sections 1, 12, and 13, Township 14 South, Range 17 East; and Sections 6, 7, and 8, Township 14 South, Range 18 East, Mount Diablo Base and Meridian (MDBM), in the City of Kerman, Fresno County, California. ASM Affiliates, Inc., conducted this study, with Peter A. Carey, M.A., RPA, serving as Principal Investigator. The study was undertaken to assist with compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966, as amended, and the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).

A records search of site files and maps was conducted at the Southern San Joaquin Valley Archaeological Information Center (IC), California State University, Bakersfield. This investigation determined that eleven previous studies were conducted within the Project APE, and one resource has been identified within it. Resource P-10-003930 is a small portion of the Hartford and Summit Lake Railway that was part of the Southern Pacific Railroad constructed in 1912. Four additional surveys had been previously conducted within 0.5-miles (mi) of the Project APE and two previously recorded resource were identified within this same radius. Resource P-10-005808 is a historic building that consists of a single-story cottage that appears to date to the early 1960s (Freeman & Flores 2009), and P-10-007097 is a historic structure that consists of the Houghton Canal. This earthen and concrete-lined canal is one of the large laterals of the Fresno Irrigation District that appears on maps as early as 1891 (Anderson 2013).

A search of the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands File was completed on July 29th, 2022. Based on the NAHC records, no sacred sites or traditional cultural places had been identified within or adjacent to the Project. Outreach letters and follow-up emails were sent to tribal organizations on the NAHC contact-list. No responses were received from interested parties.

The Area of Potential Effect (APE) for the project was defined in consultation with the City of Kerman. The horizontal APE was defined as the area of all potential ground surface disturbance, which includes staging, work and lay-down areas. The horizontal APE is approximately 143-ac consisting of 5.3 discontinuous miles of pipeline route, the existing Kerman Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), and Lift Station No.17. The vertical APE was defined as the maximum depth of subsurface disturbance, in this case the maximum depth of the existing sewer, or 10-feet (ft).

The Class III inventory/Phase I survey fieldwork was conducted in September 2022 with parallel transects spaced at 15-meter intervals walked across the APE. No historical resources or properties were discovered within the APE. Based on these results, the Kerman Sewer Improvement Project does not have the potential to result in significant impacts or adverse effects to historical resources or historic properties.
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1. Introduction and Regulatory Context
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1. INTRODUCTION AND REGULATORY CONTEXT
ASM Affiliates, Inc., was retained by the Crawford and Bowen Planning, Inc. to conduct an intensive Class III inventory/Phase I cultural resources survey for the Kerman Sewer Improvement Project, City of Kerman, Fresno County, California (Figure 1). The study was undertaken to assist with compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966, as amended, and the California Environmental Protection Act (CEQA). The investigation was conducted, specifically, to ensure that significant impacts or adverse effects to historical resources or historic properties do not occur as a result of project construction.

This current study included:
• A background records search and literature review to determine if any known cultural resources were present in the project zone and/or whether the area had been previously and systematically studied by archaeologists;
• An on-foot, intensive inventory of the APE to identify and record previously undiscovered cultural resources and to examine known sites; and
• A preliminary assessment of any such resources found within the subject property.

Peter Carey, M.A., RPA, served as principal investigator. ASM Associate Archaeologist/Crew Chief Robert Azpitarte, B.A., conducted the fieldwork.

This document constitutes a report on the Class III inventory/Phase I survey. Subsequent chapters provide background to the investigation, including historic context studies; the findings of the archival records search; Native American outreach; a summary of the field surveying techniques employed; and the results of the fieldwork. We conclude with management recommendations for the APE.

1.1 PROJECT LOCATION
The Project is located in Sections 1, 12, and 13, Township 14 South, Range 17 East, and Sections 6, 7, and 8, Township 14 South, Range 18 East, MDBM, in the City of Kerman, Fresno County, California. This places the Project area on the open flats of the San Joaquin Valley approximately 11-mi west of the city of Fresno. Elevation within the Project area, which is flat, ranges between approximately 215 to 225-feet (ft) above mean sea level (amsl).

1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND APE
The City of Kerman proposes upgrades to existing sewer system infrastructure within the city limits. These improvements will be made to the existing WWTP, Lift Station No. 17, and a discontinuous series of sewer line segments within the city. The total length of the proposed sewer upgrades totals 5.3-mi. With an applied buffer of 50-ft on all project aspects, the Area of Potential Effects (APE) for the proposed Project totals approximately 143-ac. Currently the APE consists of the WWTP, Lift Station No. 17, paved streets, residential front yards with planted grass, paved parking lots, undeveloped portions of private property, and dirt road rights-of-way (ROW). The 215
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vertical APE, consisting of the maximum depth of the Kerman Sewer Improvement Project is 10- ft.

1.3 REGULATORY CONTEXT

1.3.1 California Environmental Quality Act
CEQA is applicable to discretionary actions by state or local lead agencies. Under CEQA, lead agencies must analyze impacts to cultural resources. Significant impacts under CEQA occur when “historically significant” or “unique” cultural resources are adversely affected, which occurs when such resources could be altered or destroyed through project implementation. Historically significant cultural resources are defined by eligibility for or by listing in the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR). In practice, the federal NRHP criteria (below) for significance applied under Section 106 are generally (although not entirely) consistent with CRHR criteria (see PRC § 5024.1, Title 14 CCR, Section 4852 and § 15064.5(a)(3)).

Significant cultural resources are those archaeological resources and historical properties that:
(A) Are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California’s history and cultural heritage; (B) Are associated with the lives of persons important in our past; (C) Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represent the work of an important creative individual, or possess high artistic values; or
(D) Have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.

Unique resources under CEQA, in slight contrast, are those that represent:

An archaeological artifact, object, or site about which it can be clearly demonstrated that, without merely adding to the current body of knowledge, there is a high probability that it meets any of the following criteria:
(1) Contains information needed to answer important scientific research questions and that there is a demonstrable public interest in that information. (2) Has a special and particular quality such as being the oldest of its type or the best available example of its type.
(3) Is directly associated with a scientifically recognized important prehistoric or historic event or person (PRC § 21083.2(g)).

Preservation in place is the preferred approach under CEQA to mitigating adverse impacts to significant or unique cultural resources.

1.3.2 National Historic Preservation Act Section 106
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NHPA Section 106 is applicable to federal undertakings, including projects financed or permitted by federal agencies regardless of whether the activities occur on federally managed or privatelyowned land. Its purpose is to determine whether adverse effects will occur to significant cultural resources, defined as “historical properties” that are listed in or determined eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The criteria for NRHP eligibility are defined at 36 CFR § 60.4 as follows:

The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture is present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association, and that:
(A) are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or
(B) are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or (C) embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or
(D) have yielded or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.

There are, however, restrictions on the kinds of historical properties that can be NRHP listed.

These have been identified by the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP), as follows:

Ordinarily cemeteries, birthplaces, or graves of historical figures, properties owned by religious institutions or used for religious purposes, structures that have been moved from their original locations, reconstructed historic buildings, properties primarily commemorative in nature, and properties that have achieved significance within the past 50 years shall not be considered eligible for the National Register. However, such properties will qualify if they are integral parts of districts that do meet the criteria or if they fall within the following categories:
(a) A religious property deriving primary significance from architectural or artistic distinction or historical importance; or
(b) A building or structure removed from its original location, but which is significant primarily for architectural value, or which is the surviving structure most importantly associated with a historic person or event; or
(c) A birthplace or grave of a historical figure of outstanding importance if there is no appropriate site or building directly associated with his productive life. (d) A cemetery which derives its primary significance from graves of persons of transcendent importance, from age, from distinctive design features, or from association with historic events; or
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(e) A reconstructed building when accurately executed in a suitable environment and presented in a dignified manner as part of a restoration master plan, and when no other building or structure with the same association has survived; or
(f) A property primarily commemorative in intent if design, age, tradition, or symbolic value has invested it with its own exceptional significance; or (g) A property achieving significance within the past 50 years if it is of exceptional importance. (http://www.achp.gov/nrcriteria.html)
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Figure 1. Location of Kerman Sewer Improvement Project, Kerman, Fresno County, California.
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2. ENVIRONMENTAL AND CULTURAL

BACKGROUND

2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND AND

GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY
As noted above, the study area is located at between roughly 215 and 225-ft elevation amsl on the open flats of the San Joaquin Valley, about 11-mi west of Fresno, California. Prior to the appearance of agriculture, starting in the nineteenth century, this location would have been prairie grasslands, grading into riparian environments and marshlands further south toward the north bank of Tulare Lake (Preston 1981). The study area and immediate surroundings have been urbanized and/or farmed and grazed for many years and no native vegetation is present. Perennial bunchgrasses such as purple needlegrass and nodding needlegrass most likely would have been the dominant plant cover in the study area prior to cultivation. Currently, the study area consists of commercial and residential development.

A Caltrans geoarchaeological study that includes the City of Kerman area provides a guide for the likelihood of subsurface archaeological deposits within the APE (Meyer et al. 2010). This study involved first determining the location and ages of late Pleistocene (>25,000 years old) landforms in the southern San Joaquin Valley. These were identified by combining a synthesis of 2,400 published paleontological, soils and archaeological chronometric dates with geoarchaeological field testing. The ages of surface landforms were then mapped to provide an assessment for the potential for buried archaeological deposits. These ages were derived primarily from the Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) and the State Soils Geographic (STATSGO) database.

A map was created from this information that ranked locations in 7 ordinal classes for sensitivity for buried soils, from Very Low to Very High. This map can be employed to provide a general measure of the potential for buried archaeological deposits in any given location. According to this model, the APE has a Low to Moderate potential for buried archaeological deposits. The presence of buried sites and cultural resources is therefore considered to be possible but not necessarily likely within the APE.

2.2 ETHNOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND
Penutian-speaking Yokuts tribal groups occupied the southern San Joaquin Valley region and much of the nearby Sierra Nevada. Ethnographic information about the Yokuts was collected primarily by Powers (1971, 1976 [originally 1877]), Kroeber (1925), Gayton (1930, 1948), Driver (1937), Latta (1977), and Harrington (n.d.). For a variety of historical reasons, existing research information emphasizes the central Yokuts tribes who occupied both the valley and particularly the foothills of the Sierra. The northernmost tribes suffered from the influx of Euro-Americans during the Gold Rush and their populations were in substantial decline by the time ethnographic studies began in the early twentieth century. In contrast, the southernmost tribes were partially removed by the Spanish to missions and eventually absorbed into multi-tribal communities on the Sebastian Indian Reservation (on Tejon Ranch), and later the Tule River Reservation and Santa Rosa Rancheria to the north, as well as other reservations in the foothills and Sierras. The result is 221
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an unfortunate scarcity of ethnographic detail on valley tribes, especially in relation to the rich information collected from the central foothills tribes where native speakers of the Yokuts dialects are still found. Regardless, the general details of indigenous life-ways were similar across the broad expanse of Yokuts territory, particularly in terms of environmentally influenced subsistence and adaptation and with regard to religion and belief, which were similar everywhere.

Following Kroeber (1925: Plate 47), the APE most likely lies in Pitkachi (Pitkache in Latta [1977:163]) territory. The village for this group nearest the APE was Gewachiu (Gewachie in Latta [1977:163]) on the south bank of the San Joaquin River, approximately 8-mi northwest of the study area.

Most Yokuts groups, regardless of specific tribal affiliation, were organized as a recognized and distinct tribelet; a circumstance that almost certainly pertained to the tribal groups noted above.

Tribelets were land-owning groups organized around a central village and linked by shared territory and descent from a common ancestor. The population of most tribelets ranged from about 150 to 500 peoples (Kroeber 1925).

Each tribelet was headed by a chief who was assisted by a variety of assistants, the most important of whom was the winatum, a herald or messenger and assistant chief. A shaman also served as religious officer. While shamans did not have any direct political authority, as Gayton (1930) has illustrated, they maintained substantial influence within their tribelet.

Shamanism is a religious system common to most Native American tribes. It involves a direct and personal relationship between the individual and the supernatural world enacted by entering a trance or hallucinatory state (usually based on the ingestion of psychotropic plants, such as jimsonweed or more typically native tobacco). Shamans were considered individuals with an unusual degree of supernatural power, serving as healers or curers, diviners, and controllers of natural phenomena (such as rain or thunder). Shamans also produced the rock art of this region, depicting the visions they experienced in vision quests believed to represent their spirit helpers and events in the supernatural realm (Whitley 1992, 2000).

The centrality of shamanism to the religious and spiritual life of the Yokuts was demonstrated by the role of shamans in the yearly ceremonial round. The ritual round, performed the same each year, started in the spring with the jimsonweed ceremony, followed by rattlesnake dance and (where appropriate) first salmon ceremony. After returning from seed camps, fall rituals began in the late summer with the mourning ceremony, followed by first seed and acorn rites and then bear dance (Gayton 1930:379). In each case, shamans served as ceremonial officials responsible for specific dances involving a display of their supernatural powers (Kroeber 1925).

Subsistence practices varied from tribelet to tribelet based on the environment of residence.

Throughout Native California, and Yokuts territory in general, the acorn was a primary dietary component, along with a variety of gathered seeds. Valley tribes augmented this resource with lacustrine and riverine foods, especially fish and wildfowl. As with many Native California tribes, the settlement and subsistence rounds included the winter aggregation into a few large villages, where stored resources (like acorns) served as staples, followed by dispersal into smaller camps, 222
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often occupied by extended families, where seasonally available resources would be gathered and consumed.

Although population estimates vary and population size was greatly affected by the introduction of Euro-American diseases and social disruption, the Yokuts were one of the largest, most successful groups in Native California. Cook (1978) estimates that the Yokuts region contained 27 percent of the aboriginal population in the state at the time of contact; other estimates are even higher. Many Yokut descendants continue to live in Fresno County, either on tribal reservations, or in local towns and communities.

2.3 PRE-CONTACT ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
The southern San Joaquin Valley region has received much less archaeological attention than other areas of the state. In part, this is because the majority of California archaeological work has concentrated in the Sacramento Delta, Santa Barbara Channel, and central Mojave Desert areas (see Moratto 1984). Although knowledge of the region’s prehistory is limited, enough is known to determine that the archaeological record is broadly similar to south-central California as a whole (see Gifford and Schenk 1926; Hewes 1941; Wedel 1941; Fenenga 1952; Elsasser 1962; Fredrickson and Grossman 1977; Schiffman and Garfinkel 1981; Rosenthal et al. 2007). Indeed, Gifford and Schenk (1926) were the first to identify the similarity between southern San Joaquin Valley prehistory and the archaeological record along the Santa Barbara Channel, a specific observation that was analytically verified more recently by Siefkin (1999). This circumstance, overlooked by some subsequent researchers, has resulted in confusion in the literature due to the application of the Sacramento Delta chronology on the local archaeological record, where it has never really fit. Based on these sources and this observation, the general prehistory of the region can be outlined in south-central California terms, as follows.

Initial occupation of the region occurred at least as early as the Paleoindian Period, or prior to about 10,000 years before present (YBP). Evidence of early use of the region is indicated by characteristic fluted and stemmed points found around the margin of Tulare Lake, in the foothills of the Sierra, and in the Mojave Desert proper. Both fluted and stemmed points are particularly common around lake margins (e.g., Wallace and Riddell 1993), suggesting a terminal Pleistocene/early Holocene lakeshore adaptation similar to that found throughout the far west at the same time. Little else is known about these earliest peoples at this point, however, in part because the locations of their recorded sites occur in lakeshore contexts that have experienced repetitive transgressive and regressive shorelines, resulting in mixed archaeological deposits.

Substantial evidence for human occupation of California first occurs during the Early Holocene, roughly 7500 to 4000 YBP. This period is known as the Early Horizon, or alternatively as the Early Millingstone along the Santa Barbara Channel. In the south, populations concentrated along the coast with minimal visible use of inland areas. Adaptation emphasized hard seeds and nuts with tool-kits dominated by mullers and grindstones (manos and metates). Little evidence for Early Horizon occupation exists in most inland portions of the state with (again) the exceptions being along lakeshores, partly due to a severe cold and dry paleoclimatic period occurring at this time.

Regardless of specifics, Early Horizon population density was low with a subsistence adaptation more likely tied to plant food gathering than hunting.
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Environmental conditions improved dramatically after about 4000 YBP during the Middle Horizon (or Intermediate Period). This period known climatically as the Holocene Maximum (circa 3800 YBP) and was characterized by significantly warmer and wetter conditions than previously experienced. Archaeologically, it was marked by large population increase and radiation into new environments along coastal and interior south-central California and the Mojave Desert (Whitley 2000). In the Delta region to the north, this same period of favorable environmental conditions was characterized by the appearance of the Windmiller culture, which exhibited a high degree of ritual elaboration (especially in burial practices) and perhaps even a rudimentary mound-building tradition (Meighan, personal communication 1985). Along with ritual elaboration, Middle Horizon times experienced increasing subsistence specialization, perhaps correlating with the appearance of acorn processing technology. Penutian speaking peoples (including the Yokuts) are also hypothesized to have entered the state roughly at the beginning of this period and, perhaps to have brought this technology with them (cf. Moratto 1984). Likewise, it appears the so-called “Shoshonean Wedge” in southern California or the Takic speaking groups that include the Gabrielino/Fernandeño, Tataviam, and Kitanemuk, may have moved into the region at this time, rather than at about 1500 YBP as first suggested by Kroeber (1925).

Evidence for Middle Horizon occupation of interior south-central California is substantial. For example, in northern Los Angeles County along the upper Santa Clara River, to the south of the San Joaquin Valley, the Agua Dulce village complex indicates occupation extending back to the Intermediate Period, when the population of the village may have been 50 or more people (King et al. n.d.). Similarly, inhabitation of the Hathaway Ranch region near Lake Piru, and the Newhall Ranch near Valencia, appears to date to the Intermediate Period (W&S Consultants 1994). To the west, little or no evidence exists for pre-Middle Horizon occupation in the upper Sisquoc and Cuyama River drainages; populations first appear there at roughly 3500 YBP (Horne 1981). The Carrizo Plain, the valley immediately west of the San Joaquin, experienced a major population expansion during the Middle Horizon (W&S Consultants 2004; Whitley et al. 2007), and recently collected data indicates the Tehachapi Mountains region was first significantly occupied during the Middle Horizon (W&S Consultants 2006). A parallel can be drawn to the inland Ventura County region where a similar pattern has been identified (Whitley and Beaudry 1991), as well as the western Mojave Desert (Sutton 1988a, 1988b), the southern Sierra Nevada (W&S Consultants 1999), and the Coso Range region (Whitley et al. 1988). In all of these areas a major expansion in settlement, the establishment of large site complexes, and an increase in the range of environments exploited appear to have occurred sometime roughly around 4,000 years ago. Although most efforts to explain this expansion have focused on local circumstances and events, it is increasingly apparent this was a major southern California-wide occurrence, and any explanation must be sought at a larger level of analysis (Whitley 2000). Additionally, evidence from the Carrizo Plain suggests the origins of the tribelet level of political organization developed during this period (W&S Consultants 2004; Whitley et al. 2007). Whether this same demographic process holds for the southern San Joaquin Valley, including the study area, is yet to be determined.

The beginning of the Late Horizon is set variously at 1500 and 800 YBP, with a consensus for the shorter chronology. Increasing evidence suggests the importance of the Middle-Late Horizon transition (A.D. 800 to 1200) in the understanding of south-central California. This corresponds to the so-called Medieval Climatic Anomaly, a period of climatic instability that included major 224
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droughts and resulted in demographic disturbances across much of the west (Jones et al. 1999). It is also believed to have resulted in major population decline and abandonments across southcentral California, involving as much as 90 percent of the interior populations in some regions including the Carrizo Plain (Whitley et al. 2007). It is not clear whether site abandonment was accompanied by a true reduction in population or an agglomeration of the same numbers of people into fewer but larger villages. What is clear is that Middle Period villages and settlements were widely dispersed across the landscape; many at locations that lack contemporary evidence of fresh water sources. Late Horizon sites, in contrast, are typically located where fresh water was available during the historical period, if not currently.

The Late Horizon then can be best understood as a period of recovery from a major demographic collapse. One result is the development of regional archaeological cultures as the precursors to ethnographic Native California; suggesting that ethnographic life-ways recorded by anthropologists extend at least 800 years into the past.

The position of southern San Joaquin Valley prehistory relative to patterns seen in surrounding areas is still somewhat unknown. The presence of large lake systems in the valley bottoms can be expected to have mediated some of the desiccation seen elsewhere. But, as the reconstruction of Soda Lake in the Carrizo Plain demonstrates (see Whitley et al. 2007) environmental perturbations had serious impacts on lake systems too. Identifying certain of the prehistoric demographic trends for the southern San Joaquin Valley and determining how these trends (if present) correlate with those seen elsewhere, is a current important research objective.

2.4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Spanish explorers first visited the San Joaquin Valley in 1772, but its lengthy distance from the missions and presidios along the Pacific Coast delayed permanent settlement for many years, including during the Mexican period of control over the Californian region. In the 1840s, Mexican rancho owners along the Pacific Coast allowed their cattle to wander and graze in the San Joaquin Valley. The Mexican government granted the first ranchos in the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley in the early 1840s, but these did not result in permanent settlement. It was not until the annexation of California in 1848 that the exploitation of the southern San Joaquin Valley began (Pacific Legacy 2006).

The discovery of gold in northern California in 1848 resulted in a dramatic increase of population, consisting in good part of fortune seekers and gold miners, who began to scour other parts of the state. After 1851, when gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in eastern Kern County, the population of the area grew rapidly. Some new immigrants began ranching in the San Joaquin Valley to supply the miners and mining towns. Ranchers grazed cattle and sheep, and farmers dry-farmed or used limited irrigation to grow grain crops, leading to the creation of small agricultural communities throughout the valley (Caltrans 2007).

After the American annexation of California, the southern San Joaquin Valley became significant as a center of food production for this new influx of people in California. The expansive unfenced and principally public foothill spaces were well suited for grazing both sheep and cattle (Boyd 225
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1997). As the Sierra Nevada gold rush presented extensive financial opportunities, ranchers introduced new breeds of livestock, consisting of cattle, sheep and pig (Boyd 1997).

With the increase of ranching in the southern San Joaquin came the dramatic change in the landscape, as non-native grasses more beneficial for grazing and pasture replaced native flora (Preston 1981). After the passing of the Arkansas Act in 1850, efforts were made to reclaim small tracts of land in order to create more usable spaces for ranching. Eventually, as farming supplanted ranching as a more profitable enterprise, large tracts of land began to be reclaimed for agricultural use, aided in part by the extension of the railroad in the 1870s (Pacific Legacy 2006).

Following the passage of state-wide ‘No-Fence’ laws in 1874, ranching practices began to decline, while farming expanded in the San Joaquin Valley in both large land holdings and smaller, subdivided properties. As the farming population grew, so did the demand for irrigation. Settlers began reclamation of swampland in 1866 and built small dams across the Kern River to divert water into the fields. By 1880, 86 different groups were taking water from the Kern River. Ten years later, 15 major canals provided water to thousands of acres in Kern County.

During the period of reclaiming unproductive land in the southern San Joaquin Valley, grants were given to individuals who had both the resources and the finances to undertake the operation alone.

One small agricultural settlement, founded by Colonel Thomas Baker in 1861 after procuring one such grant, took advantage of reclaimed swampland along the Kern River. This settlement became the City of Bakersfield in 1869, and quickly became the center of activity in the southern San Joaquin Valley, and in the newly formed Kern County. Located on the main stage road through the San Joaquin Valley, the town became a primary market and transportation hub for stock and crops, as well as a popular stopping point for travelers on the Los Angeles and Stockton Road.

The Southern Pacific Railroad reached the Bakersfield area in 1873, connecting it with important market towns elsewhere in the state, dramatically impacting both agriculture and oil production (Pacific Legacy 2006).

Three competing partnerships developed during this period which had a great impact on control of water, land reclamation and ultimately agricultural development in the San Joaquin Valley:

Livermore and Chester, Haggin and Carr, and Miller and Lux, perhaps the most famous of the enterprises. Livermore and Chester were responsible, among other things, for developing the large Hollister plow (three feet wide by two feet deep), pulled by a 40-mule team, which was used for ditch digging. Haggin and Carr were largely responsible for reclaiming the beds of the Buena Vista and Kern lakes, and for creating the Calloway Canal, which drained through the Rosedale area in Bakersfield to Goose Lake (Morgan 1914). Miller and Lux ultimately became one of the biggest private property holders in the country, controlling the rights to over 22,000 square miles. Miller and Lux’s impact extended beyond Kern County, however. They recognized early-on that control of water would have important economic implications, and they played a major role in the water development of the (http://www.mariposaresearch.net/santaclararesearch/SCBIOS/hmiller.html).

They were also embroiled for many years in litigation against Haggin and Carr over control of the water rights to the Kern River. Descendants of Henry Miller continue to play a major role in California water rights, with his great grandson, George Nickel, Jr., the first to develop the concept of water banking, thus creating a system to buy and sell water (http://exiledonline.com/california226 Section 6, Item A.

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class-war-history-meet-the-oligarch-family-thats-been-scamming-taxpayers-for-150-years-andcounting/).

The San Joaquin Valley was dominated by agricultural pursuits until the oil boom of the early 1900s, which saw a shift in the region, as some reclaimed lands previously used for farming were leased to oil companies. Nonetheless, the shift of the San Joaquin Valley towards oil production did not halt the continued growth of agriculture (Pacific Legacy 2006). The Great Depression of the 1930s brought with it the arrival of great number of migrants from the drought-affected Dust Bowl region, looking for agricultural labor. These migrants established temporary camps in the valley, staying on long past the end of the drought and the Great Depression, eventually settling in towns such as Bakersfield where their descendants live today (Boyd 1997).

The city of Fresno (originally “Fresno Station”), located approximately 10.6-mi east of the study area and the county seat for Fresno County, was founded in 1872 and incorporated in 1885. It was initially developed as a railway station along the Central Pacific Railroad, but quickly expanded with the development of irrigation in the region. Farmers saw success with the cultivation of wheat, grapes, and cattle. Eventually, Fresno County became one of the most agriculturally-rich counties in the United States (https://www.fresno.gov/darm/historic-preservation/history-of-fresno/).

Kerman (previously Collis) was first established as a water pumping station along the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1891 (https://cityofkerman.net/about/). One of the most historic events in Kerman occurred at this site in 1892 when the Sontag and Evans gang held up a San FranciscoLos Angeles Passenger train (Duke 1910). In 1900, William G Kerckhoff and Jacob Mansar purchased 3,027-ac for agricultural pursuits in the Kerman area and they later formed the Fresno Irrigated Farms Company. Collis was renamed Kerman in 1906 by combining the two men’s names. The city was incorporated in 1946 and the surrounding area remains predominantly agricultural to this day (https://cityofkerman.net/about/).

2.5 RESEARCH DESIGN

2.5.1 Pre-Contact Archaeology
Previous research and the nature of the pre-contact archaeological record suggest two significant NRHP themes, both of which fall under the general Pre-Contact Archaeology area of significance.

These are the Expansion of Pre-Contact Populations and Their Adaptation to New Environments; and Adaptation to Changing Environmental Conditions.

The Expansion of Pre-Contact Populations and Their Adaptation to New Environments theme primarily concerns the Middle Horizon/Holocene Maximum. Its period of significance runs from about 4000 to 1500 YBP. It involves a period during which the prehistoric population appears to have expanded into a variety of new regions, developing new adaptive strategies in the process.

The Adaptation to Changing Environmental Conditions theme is partly related to the Holocene Maximum, but especially to the Medieval Climatic Anomaly. The period of significance for this theme, accordingly, extends from about 4000 to 800 YBP. This theme involves the apparent collapse of many inland populations, presumably with population movements to better 227
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environments such as the coast. It is not yet known whether the southern San Joaquin Valley, with its system of lakes, sloughs and swamps, experienced population decline or, more likely, population increase due to the relatively favorable conditions of this region during this period of environmental stress.

The range of site types that are present in this region include:
• Villages, primarily located on or near permanent water sources, occupied by large groups during the winter aggregation season;
• Seasonal camps, again typically located at water sources, occupied during other parts of the year tied to locally and seasonally available food sources; • Special activity areas, especially plant processing locations containing bedrock mortars (BRMs), commonly (though not exclusively) near existing oak woodlands, and invariably at bedrock outcrops or exposed boulders;
• Stone quarries and tool workshops, occurring in two general contexts: at or below naturally occurring chert exposures on the eastern front of the Temblor Range; and at quartzite cobble exposures, often on hills or ridges;
• Ritual sites, most commonly pictographs (rock art) found at rockshelters or large exposed boulders, and cemeteries, both commonly associated with villages; and • A variety of small lithic scatters (low density surface scatters of stone tools).

The first requisites in any research design are the definition of site age/chronology and site function. The ability to determine either of these basic kinds of information may vary between survey and test excavation projects, and due to the nature of the sites themselves. BRM sites without associated artifacts, for example, may not be datable beyond the assumption that they postdate the Early Horizon and are thus less than roughly 4,000 years old.

A second fundamental issue involves the place of site in the settlement system, especially with respect to water sources. Because the locations of the water sources have sometimes changed over time, villages and camps are not exclusively associated with existing (or known historical) water sources (W&S Consultants 2006). The size and locations of the region’s lakes, sloughs and delta channels, to cite the most obvious example, changed significantly during the last 12,000 years due to major paleoclimatic shifts. This altered the area’s hydrology and thus prehistoric settlement patterns. The western shoreline of Tulare Lake was relatively stable, because it abutted the Kettleman Hills. But the northern, southern and eastern shorelines comprised the near-flat valley floor. Relatively minor fluctuations up or down in the lake level resulted in very significant changes in the areal expression of the lake on these three sides, and therefore the locations of villages and camps. Although perhaps not as systematic, similar changes occurred with respect to stream channels and sloughs, and potential site locations associated with them. This circumstance has implications for predicting site locations and archaeological sensitivity. Site sensitivity is then hardest to predict in the open valley floor, where changes in stream courses and lake levels occurred on numerous occasions.

Nonetheless, the position of southern San Joaquin Valley prehistory relative to the changing settlement and demographic patterns seen in surrounding areas is still somewhat unknown (cf.

Siefkin 1999), including to the two NRHP themes identified above. The presence of large lake 228
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systems in the valley bottoms can be expected to have mediated some of the effects of desiccation seen elsewhere. But, as the reconstruction of Soda Lake in the nearby Carrizo Plain demonstrates (see Whitley et al. 2007), environmental perturbations had serious impacts on lake systems too.

Identifying certain of the prehistoric demographic trends for the southern San Joaquin Valley, and determining how these trends (if present) correlate with those seen elsewhere, is another primary regional research objective.

Archaeological sites would primarily be evaluated for NRHP eligibility under Criterion D, research potential.

2.5.2 Historical Archaeology: Native American
Less research has been conducted on the regional historical archaeological record, both Native American and Euro-American. For Native American historical sites, the ethnographic and ethnohistoric periods in the southern San Joaquin Valley extended from first Euro-American contact, in AD 1772, to circa 1900, when tribal populations were first consolidated on reservations.

The major significant historic NRHP themes during this period of significance involve the related topics of Historic-Aboriginal Archaeology, and Native American Ethnic Heritage. More specifically, these concern the Adaptation of the Indigenous Population to Euro-American Encroachment and Settlement, and their Acculturation to Western Society. These processes included the impact of missionization on the San Joaquin Valley (circa 1800 to about 1845); the introduction of the horse and the development of a San Joaquin Valley “horse culture,” including raiding onto the coast and Los Angeles Basin (after about 1810); the use of the region as a refuge for mission neophyte escapees (after 1820); responses to epidemics from introduced diseases (especially in the 1830s); armed resistance to Euro-American encroachment (in the 1840s and early 1850s); the origins of the reservation system and the development of new tribal organizations and ethnic identities; and, ultimately, the adoption of the Euro-American society’s economic system and subsistence practices, and acculturation into that society.

Site types that have been identified in the region dating to the ethnographic/ethnohistoric period of significance primarily include villages and habitations, some of which contain cemeteries and rock art (including pictographs and cupules). Dispersed farmsteads, dating specifically from the reservation period or post-1853, would also be expected. The different social processes associated with this historical theme may be manifest in the material cultural record in terms of changing settlement patterns and village organization (from traditional nucleated villages to single family dispersed farmsteads); the breakdown of traditional trading networks with their replacement by new economic relationships; changing subsistence practices, especially the introduction of agriculture initially via escaped mission neophytes; the use of Euro-American artifacts and materials rather than traditional tools and materials; and, possibly, changing mortuary practices.

Inasmuch as culture change is a primary intellectual interest in archaeology, ethnographic villages and habitations may be NRHP eligible under Criterion D, research potential. Rock art sites, especially pictographs, may be eligible under Criterion C as examples of artistic mastery. They may also be eligible under Criterion A, association with events contributing to broad patterns of history. Ethnographic sites, further, may be NRHP eligible as Traditional Cultural Properties due to potential continued connections to tribal descendants, and their resulting importance in 229
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16 Kerman Sewer Improvement Project
traditional practices and beliefs, including their significance for historical memory, tribal- and selfidentity formation, and tribal education.

For Criteria A, C and D, eligibility requires site integrity (including the ability to convey historical association for Criterion A). These may include intact archaeological deposits for Criterion D, as well as setting and feel for Criteria C and A. Historical properties may lack physical integrity, as normally understood in heritage management, but still retain their significance to Native American tribes as Traditional Cultural Properties if they retain their tribal associations and uses.

2.5.3 Historical Archaeology: Euro-American
Approaches to historical Euro-American archaeological research relevant to the region have been summarized by Caltrans (1999, 2000, 2007, 2008). These concern the general topics of historical landscapes, agriculture and farming, irrigation (water conveyance systems), and mining. Caltrans has also identified an evaluation matrix aiding determinations of eligibility. The identified research issues include site structure and land-use (lay-out, land use, feature function); economics (selfsufficiency, consumer behavior, wealth indicators); technology and science (innovations, methods); ethnicity and cultural diversity (religion, race); household composition and lifeways (gender, children); and labor relations. Principles useful for determining the research potential of an individual site or feature are conceptualized in terms of the mnemonic AIMS-R, as follows:

1. Association refers to the ability to link an assemblage of artifacts, ecofacts, and other cultural remains with an individual household, an ethnic or socioeconomic group, or a specific activity or property use.

2. Integrity addresses the physical condition of the deposit, referring to the intact nature of the archaeological remains. In order for a feature to be most useful, it should be in much the same state as when it was deposited. However, even disturbed deposits can yield important information (e.g., a tightly dated deposit with an unequivocal association).

3. Materials refers to the number and variety of artifacts present. Large assemblages provide more secure interpretations as there are more datable items to determine when the deposit was made, and the collection will be more representative of the household, or activity. Likewise, the interpretive potential of a deposit is generally increased with the diversity of its contents, although the lack of diversity in certain assemblages also may signal important behavioral or consumer patterns.

4. Stratigraphy refers to the vertically or horizontally discrete depositional units that are distinguishable. Remains from an archaeological feature with a complex stratigraphic sequence representative of several events over time can have the added advantage of providing an independent chronological check on artifact diagnosis and the interpretation of the sequence of environmental or sociocultural events.

5. Rarity refers to remains linked to household types or activities that are uncommon.

Because they are scarce, they may have importance even in cases where they otherwise fail to meet other thresholds of importance (Caltrans 2007:209). 230
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For agricultural sites, Caltrans (2007) has identified six themes to guide research: Site Structure and Land Use Pattern; Economic Strategies; Ethnicity and Cultural Adaptation; Agricultural Technology and Science; Household Composition and Lifeways; and Labor History. Expected site types would include farm and ranch homesteads and facilities, line camps, and refuse dumps. In general terms, historical Euro-American archaeological sites would be evaluated for NRHP eligibility under Criterion D, research potential. However, they also potentially could be eligible under Criteria A and B for their associate values with major historical trends or individuals.

Historical landscapes might also be considered.

Historical structures, which are most likely to be pertinent to the current study area, are typically evaluated for NRHP eligibility under Criteria A and/or B, for their associate values with major historical trends or individuals, and C for potential design or engineering importance. 231
Section 6, Item A.
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Kerman Sewer Improvement Project 19

3. ARCHIVAL RECORDS SEARCH

3.1 ARCHIVAL RECORDS SEARCH
In order to determine whether the Project APE had been previously surveyed for cultural resources, and/or whether any such resources were known within it, an archival records search was conducted by the staff of the Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center (IC) on 12 July 2022. The records search was completed to determine: (i) if prehistoric or historical archaeological sites had previously been recorded within the APE; (ii) if the APE had been systematically surveyed by archaeologists prior to the initiation of this field study; and/or (iii) whether the surrounding region was known to contain archaeological sites and to thereby be archaeologically sensitive. Records examined included archaeological site files and maps, the NRHP, Historic Property Data File, California Inventory of Historic Resources, and the California Points of Historic Interest. The Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands files were also searched to determine whether tribal cultural resources are present.

According to the IC records search (Confidential Appendix A), eleven previous reports cover portions of the Project APE (Table 1), and one known resource has been identified within the APE (Table 2). Four additional surveys have been previously conducted within 0.5-miles (mi) of the Project APE (Table 3), and two resources were identified within 0.5-mi of the APE (Table 4).

Table 1. Survey Reports within the APE
Report No. Year Author (s)/Affiliation Title
FR-00245 1988
Brady, Jon L., and Allan
C. Beck; California State
University, Fresno
Negative Archaeological survey Report for Route 180 Widening FR-00246 1996 Caltrans Historic Property Survey Report: Widening and AC Overlay of Route 180 Between Mendota and Kerman in Fresno County
FR-00247 1989 Parks, Bonnie W.;
Caltrans
Historic Architectural Survey Report Historic Resource Evaluation Report for Widening and AC Overlay of Route 180 Between Mendota and Kerman in Fresno County
FR-01799 2002 Kus, James S.; James S.

Kus & Associates
Negative Archaeological Survey Report for the City of Kerman Water System
FR-02188 2006 Hatoff, Brian W.; URS
Corporation
Collocation Submission Package, FCC Form 621 for 15201 West California Avenue, Kerman, California
FR-02281 2005
Metzler, Valerie A., and
Beth A. Gordon;
RESCOM Environmental
Corporation
New Tower Submission Packet FCC Form 620 15201 West California Avenue
FR-02414 2010
Leach-Palm, Laura, Paul
Brandy, Jay King, Pat
Mikkelson, Libby Seil,
Lindsay Hartman, and
Jill Bradeen; Far Western
Anthropological Group,
Inc.

Cultural Resources Assessment of Caltrans District 6 Rural Conventional Highways in Fresno, Western Kern, Kings, Madera, and Tulare Counties: Summary of Methods and Findings
FR-02501 2008 Binning, Jeanne
Historic Property Survey Report for Route 180 Planned Westside Expressway from I-5 to Valentine Avenue, Fresno, Fresno County, California
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20 Kerman Sewer Improvement Project
Report No. Year Author (s)/Affiliation Title
FR-02505 2006
Leach-Palm, Laura,
Jeffrey Rosenthal, Brian
Byrd, Pat Mikkelson, and
Sharon Waechter; Far
Western Anthropological
Group, Inc.

Preliminary Assessment of the Archaeological Sensitivity for the Route 180 Westside Expressway Route Adoption Study Between Interstate 5 and the City of Fresno, California Interstate 5 PM 9.0 (KP 14.5) to 06- FRE-180 PM 54.2 (KP 87 Valentine Avenue) EA06-451400
FR-02506 2006 Brady, Jon, and Rebecca
Bunse; Caltrans
Final Historic Resources Sensitivity Study Route 180 Westside Expressway Route Adoption Study
FR-02754 2013 Kile, Mark; URS
Corporation
Cultural Resources Assessment for the Proposed Construction of Well No. 18, Kerman, Fresno County, California
Table 2. Resources within the APE
Resource Type Age
P-10-003930 Structure Historic
Table 3. Survey Reports within 0.5-mi of the APE
Report No. Year Author (s)/Affiliation Title
FR-00576 1988 Noble, Daryl, and Larry
Weigel; Caltrans
Negative Archaeological Survey Report for the Placement of an AC Overlay on Existing Pavement for Route 145, Fresno County, California
FR-02582 2013 Billat, Lorna New Tower Submission Packet FCC Form 620, for Kerman High School, CN2712
FR-02755 2013 Kile, Mark; URS
Corporation
Cultural Resources Assessment for the Double L Mobile Ranch Park Water Service Project, Kerman, Fresno County, California FR-03018 2020 Peak, Melinda A.; Peak
& Associates, Inc.

Cultural Resources Assessment for the Tentative Vesting Tract 6302 Project Area, City of Kerman, California
Table 4. Resources within 0.5-mi of the APE
Resource Type Age
P-10-005808 Building Historic
P-10-007097 Structure Historic
Resource P-10-003930 is a small portion of the Hartford and Summit Lake Railway that was part of the Southern Pacific Railroad constructed in 1912. It is present in the southern portion of the project area. Two previously recorded resources have been identified within 0.5-mi of the Project APE. Resource P-10-005808 is a historic building that consists of a single-story cottage that appears to date to the early 1960s (Freeman & Flores 2009). This resource is located northwest of the project APE. Resource P-10-007097 is a historic structure that consists of the Houghton Canal.

This earthen and concrete-lined canal is one of the large laterals of the Fresno Irrigation District that appears on maps as early as 1891 (Anderson 2013) and is located north of the Project APE. 234
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Kerman Sewer Improvement Project 21
According to historic accounts and maps, development occurs in the general vicinity of the Project area as early as 1891 (Thompson 1891) with the construction of the Southern Pacific Railroad and the initial development of the community of Kerman just north of the proposed Kerman Sewer Improvement Project. The spur line of the Hartford and Summit Lake Railway —appears in the APE as early as 1922, the earliest available USGS quadrangle of the project area. According to historic USGS quadrangles and aerial photography, this spur line was removed sometime between 1958 and 1980. Remnants of this resource are no longer present within the APE.

3.2 TRIBAL COORDINATION
A records search of the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands File was also completed for the Project. The results were negative (Confidential Appendix A). Outreach letters and follow-up emails were sent to the tribal organizations on the NAHC contact list (Confidential Appendix A). There were no responses received from interested parties.

Based on the results of the IC and NAHC records searches, the tribal outreach, the review of historical maps, and the Meyer et al. (2010) geoarchaeological sensitivity model, the APE appears to have low archaeological sensitivity.
235
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5. Summary and Recommendations
Kerman Sewer Improvement Project 23

4. METHODS AND RESULTS

4.1 FIELD METHODS
An intensive Class III inventory/Phase I survey of the Kerman Sewer Improvement Project APE was conducted by ASM Associate Archaeologist Robert Azpitarte, B.A. on 1 September 2022.

The field methods employed included intensive pedestrian examination of the ground surface for evidence of archaeological sites in the form of artifacts, surface features (such as bedrock mortars, historical mining equipment), and archaeological indicators (e.g., organically enriched midden soil, burnt animal bone) where applicable; the identification and location of any discovered sites, should they be present; tabulation and recording of surface diagnostic artifacts; site sketch mapping; preliminary evaluation of site integrity; and site recording, following the California Office of Historic Preservation Instructions for Recording Historic Resources and the BLM 8100 Manual, using DPR 523 forms.

The approximately 143-ac APE was surveyed using parallel transects spaced at 15-m intervals.

Figure 2. Typical setting for the Kerman Sewer Improvement Project APE. 237
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5. Summary and Recommendations
24 Kerman Sewer Improvement Project

4.2 SURVEY RESULTS
The APE is in Sections 1, 12, and 13 of Township 14 South, Range 17 East; and Sections 6, 7, and 8 of Township 14 South, Range 18 East, MDBM within the city limits of Kerman, Fresno County, California. The total length of the proposed sewer upgrades totals 5.3-mi. With an applied buffer of 50-ft, the proposed Project will total approximately 143-ac. Currently the Project area consists of paved streets, residential front yards with planted grass, paved parking lots, undeveloped portions of private property, and dirt road rights-of way. The vertical APE, consisting of the maximum depth of the Kerman Sewer Improvement Project is 10-ft. This places the Project area on the open flats of the San Joaquin Valley approximately 11-mi west of the city of Fresno.

Elevation within the Project area, which is flat, ranges between approximately 215 and 225-ft above mean sea level (amsl). The APE and immediate surroundings have been heavily developed for urban and agricultural use for many years and no native vegetation is present (Figure 2).

Ground surface visibility was very poor throughout the APE and buffer as the majority of the project will be conducted on paved roadways. No cultural resources of any kind, however, were identified within the Kerman Sewer Improvement Project APE and buffer. 238
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5. Summary and Recommendations
Kerman Sewer Improvement Project 25

5. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
An intensive Class III archaeological inventory/Phase I survey was conducted for the Kerman Sewer Improvement Project, Fresno County, California. A records search was conducted at the Southern San Joaquin Valley Archaeological Information Center, California State University, Bakersfield. This indicated that eleven previous surveys have covered portions of the APE, and hat one resource was present within the area of potential effect. Resource P-10-003930 is a segment of a spur road for the Southern Pacific Railroad. This portion of the Southern Pacific is believed to have been constructed in about 1912. No other previously resources are present within the APE.

Four additional previous surveys have been conducted within 0.5-mi of the project APE, and two previously recorded resources were identified within 0.5-mi of the APE. Resource P-10-005808 is a historic building that consists of a single-story cottage that appears to date to the early 1960s (Freeman & Flores 2009), and P-10-007097 is a historic structure that consists of the Houghton Canal. This earthen and concrete-lined canal is one of the large laterals of the Fresno Irrigation District that appears on maps as early as 1891 (Anderson 2013). No other previously identified resources occurred within 0.5-mi of the Project APE. The NAHC Sacred Lands Files were also consulted with negative results. Outreach letters and follow-up emails were sent to tribal organizations on the NAHC contact list. No responses from interested parties have been received.

The Class III inventory/Phase I survey fieldwork was conducted with parallel transects spaced at 15-meter intervals along the APE. No cultural resources of any kind were identified within the APE.

5.1 RECOMMENDATIONS
An intensive Class III inventory/Phase I survey demonstrated that the Kerman Sewer Improvement Project APE, Kerman, Fresno County, California, does not contain significant or unique historical resources or historic properties. A finding of No Historic Properties Affected/No Significant Impact is recommended. In the unlikely event that cultural resources are encountered during project construction or use, however, it is recommended that an archaeologist be contacted to assess the discovery.
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References
Kerman Sewer Improvement Project 27

REFERENCES
Anderson, Katherine
2013 Primary record for P-10-007909. On file at Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center, California State University, Bakersfield.

Boyd, W.H.
1997 Lower Kern River Country 1850-1950: Wilderness to Empire. Kings River Press, Lemoore.

Caltrans
1999 General Guidelines for Identifying and Evaluating Historic Landscapes. Sacramento:

Caltrans.
2000 Water Conveyance Systems in California: Historic Context Development and Evaluation Procedures. Sacramento: Caltrans.
2007 A Historical Context and Archaeological Research Design for Agricultural Properties in California. Sacramento: Caltrans.
2008 A Historical Context and Archaeological Research Design for Mining Properties in California. Sacramento: Caltrans.

Cook, S. F.
1978 Historical Demography. In Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 8, California, R. F. Heizer, editor, pp. 91-98. Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institute.

Driver, H.E.
1937 Cultural Element Distributions: VI, Southern Sierra Nevada. University of California Anthropological Records 1(2):53-154. Berkeley
Duke, Thomas Samuel
1910 Celebrated Criminal Cases of America. James H. Barry Company, San Francisco, California.

Elsasser, A.
1962 Indians of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. Three Rivers: Sequoia Natural History Association.

Fenenga, F.
1952 The Archaeology of the Slick Rock Village, Tulare County, California. American Antiquity 17:339-347.

Fredrickson, D.A. and J. Grossman
1977 A San Dieguito component at Buena Vista Lake, California. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 4:173-190.

Freeman, J. and R. Flores
241
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References
28 Kerman Sewer Improvement Project
2009 Primary record for P-10-005808. On file at Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center, California State University, Bakersfield.

Gayton, A.H.
1930 Yokuts-Mono Chiefs and Shamans. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 24. Berkeley, 361-420.
1948 Yokuts and Western Mono Ethnography. University of California Anthropological Records 10:1–290. Berkeley.

Gifford, E.W. and W.E. Schenck
1926 Archaeology of the Southern San Joaquin Valley. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 23(1):1-122.

Harrington, John Peabody
n.d. Yokuts ethnographic notes. National Anthropological Archives.

Hewes, G.
1941 Archaeological reconnaissance of the central San Joaquin Valley. American Antiquity 7:123-133.

Horne, S.P.
1981 The Inland Chumash: Ethnography, Ethnohistory and Archaeology. Ph.D. dissertation, UCSB. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Jones. T.L., G.M. Brown, L.M. Raab, J.L. McVickar, W.G. Spaulding. D.J. Kennett, A. York and P.L. Walker
1999 Demographic Crisis in Western North America during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly. Current Anthropology 40:137-170.

King, C., C. Smith and T. King
n.d. Archaeological Report Related to the Interpretation of Archaeological Resources Present at the Vasquez Rocks County Park. Report on file, UCLA AIC.

Kroeber, A.L.
1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 78.

Washington, D.C.

Latta, F. F.
1976 Handbook of the Yokuts Indians. Bear State Books, Santa Cruz.

Moratto, M.
1984 California Archaeology. New York: Academic Press.

Morgan, W.A.
1914 History of Kern County, California with Biographical Sketches. Los Angeles: Historic Record Company.
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References
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Pacific Legacy, Inc.
2006 Southern San Joaquin Valley Oil Fields Comprehensive Study. Manuscript on file, BLM Bakersfield office.

Powers, Stephen
1971 The Yokuts Dance for the Dead. In R.F. Heizer and M.A. Whipple, editors, pp. 513- 519, The California Indians: A Source Book (second edition). Berkeley, University of California Press (original 1877).
1976 Tribes of California. Berkeley, University of California Press (original 1877).

Preston, William L.
1981 Vanishing Landscapes: Land and Life in the Tulare Lake Basin. Berkeley, University of California Press.

Schiffman, R.A. and A.P. Garfinkel
1981 Prehistory of Kern County: An Overview. Bakersfield College Publications in Archaeology, Number 1.

Siefkin, Nelson
1999 Archaeology of the Redfeldt Mound (CA-KIN-66), Tulare Basin, California. M.A.

Thesis, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, California State University, Bakersfield.

Sutton, M.Q.
1988a An Introduction to the Archaeology of the Western Mojave Desert, California. Archives of California Prehistory, No. 14. Salinas: Coyote Press. 1988b On the Late Prehistory of the Western Mojave Desert. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 24(1):22-29.

W&S Consultants
1994 Phase II Test Excavations and Determinations of Significance at CA- LAN-2133, - 2233, -2234, -2235, -2236, -2240, -2241 and -2242, Los Angeles County, California.

Manuscript on file, CSUF AIC.
1999 Class III Inventory/Limited Archaeological Testing Program for the Ducor Telephone Project, Kennedy Meadows, Tulare County, California. Manuscript on file, CSUB AIC.
2004 Class II Inventory of the Carrizo Plain National Monument, San Luis Obispo County, California. Report on file, BLM Bakersfield office.
2006 Phase II Test Excavations and Determinations of Significance for the Tejon Mountain Village Project, Kern County, California. Report on file, Tejon Ranch Company.

Wedel, W.
1941 Archaeological Investigations at Buena Vista Lake, Kern County, California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 130.
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Whitley, D.S.
1992 Shamanism and Rock Art in Far Western North America. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 2(1):89-113.
2000 The Art of the Shaman: Rock Art of California. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

Whitley, D.S. and M.P. Beaudry
1991 Chiefs on the Coast: The Development of Complex Society in the Tiquisate Region in Ethnographic Perspective. The Development of Complex Civilizations in Southeastern Mesoamerica, W. Fowler, ed., pp. 101-120. Orlando: CRC Press.

Whitley, D.S., G. Gumerman IV, J. Simon and E. Rose
1988 The Late Prehistoric Period in the Coso Range and Environs. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 24(1):2-10.

Whitley, D.S., J. Simon and J.H.N. Loubser
2007 The Carrizo Collapse: Art and Politics in the Past. In A Festschrift Honoring the Contributions of California Archaeologist Jay von Werlhof, ed RL Kaldenberg, pp. 199-208. Ridgecrest: Maturango Museum Publication 20.
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Appendices
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CONFIDENTIAL APPENDICES
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STAFF REPORT
MEETING DATE: March 8, 2023
PRESENTER: Theresa Johnson, Community Services Director SUBJECT: Resolution Approving License Agreement with Kerman Community Food Bank for use of Caring Center located at 14660 W. D Street Adjacent to Kerman Senior Center (TJ) RECOMMENDATION: Council by motion to adopt resolution approving license agreement with Kerman Community Food Bank for use of Caring Center located at 14660 W. D. Street adjacent to Kerman Senior Center.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

On July 14, 2021 the City Council adopted resolution no. 21-58 approving a memorandum of understanding with Kerman Unified School District for City use of District property located at 720 S. 8th Street. In the memorandum the School District continued to allow the City to use the Caring Center as a Food Bank which is currently operated by the Kerman Community Food Bank.

In the absence of an existing agreement specifying use and respective responsibilities, City Staff and City Attorney have worked with the Kerman Community Food Bank to negotiate and prepare a License Agreement for continued use of the Caring Center. The License Agreement is for a period of five (5) years. The License Agreement requires the Kerman Community Food Bank pay the City $1.00 (one dollar) in consideration per year.

On February 16, 2023 city staff met with the Kerman Community Food Bank and presented the license agreement for the review and comment. The Kerman Community Food Bank accepted all terms as presented and directed staff to proceed with Council approval.

FISCAL IMPACT:

The Kerman Community Food Bank will pay the City $1.00 (one dollar) per year in consideration for the use of the subject Property.

ATTACHMENTS:

A. Resolution w/Exhibits
246
Section 7, Item A.

Attachment ‘A’
RESOLUTION NO. 23-__

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF KERMAN

APPROVING LICENSE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY OF KERMAN AND KERMAN

COMMUNITY FOOD FOR USE OF CARING CENTER AS FOOD BANK
WHEREAS, the City has an approved Memorandum of Understanding with Kerman Unified School District for the use of the structure known as the Caring Center which is used by the Kerman Food Bank
WHEREAS, the Caring Center is depicted in Exhibit ‘A’ attached hereto and incorporated by reference.

WHEREAS, the Parties wish to memorialize the Kerman Food Bank’s continued use of the Caring Center as a Food Bank
NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the City of Kerman resolves as follows:

SECTION 1. The above recitals are true and correct and incorporated herein by reference.

SECTION 2. The City Council approves and authorizes the License Agreement under the terms and conditions set forth in the attached as Exhibit ‘B’ and all attachments and exhibits thereto.

SECTION 3. The City Council authorizes any minor edits be made that do not materially change the substance of the License Agreement and this authority.

SECTION 4. The City Council authorizes the City Manager to execute the License Agreement.

SECTION 5. This resolution is effective upon its adoption.

The foregoing Resolution was adopted by the City Council of the City of Kerman at a regular meeting held on 8
th day of March, 2023, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:
247
Section 7, Item A.

The foregoing resolution is hereby approved.
_________________________
Maria Pacheco
Mayor
ATTEST:
__________________________
Marci Reyes
City Clerk
248
Section 7, Item A.

Page 1 of 3 ends

Kerman City CouncilMarch 8, 2023

Kerman City Council
March 8, 2023