La Verne City Council
January 21, 2025

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With respect to operational emissions, future development under the General Plan Update would be required to comply with the AQMP, IP, CARB, SCAQMD regulations, Title 24 energy efficiency standards, and the General Plan Update’s policies and actions. Implementation of the policies and actions listed above would mitigate and reduce such emissions.

However, as there is no way to determine the extent to which these regulations would be, or need to be, implemented, it is impossible to determine if potential imp acts would be reduced to below regulatory thresholds because the details and potential emissions levels of future development projects is not known at this time, as there are no specific development projects proposed as part of the General Plan Update. Like for construction emissions, the policies and actions of the General Plan listed below would potentially reduce operational emissions.

For example, the General Plan Update includes proposed Land Use Element Policy LU-1.9 and proposed Resource Management Policy RM-8.1, which direct the City to encourage land use patterns and strategies aimed at reducing vehicle trips and VMT, such as mixed-use and infill development; and proposed Resource Management Policies RM -6.1, RM -6.2, RM-6.3, RM-6.4, and RM -6.5, which are aimed at promoting gas and energy conservation and alternative energy sources. Other General Plan Update policies include Policy RM-8.5, which is aimed at minimizing exposure of sensitive receptors to concentrations of air pollutant emissions and TACs, and requires discretionary projects involving sensitive receptors that are proposed within 500 feet of SR -210 to analyze mobile source toxic air contaminant health risks and, if necessary, implement appropriate mitigation measures to reduce health risks to acceptable levels; Policy RM-

8.6, which directs the City to reduce adverse air quality impacts of municipal operations; Action RM -8.1, which directs the City to review all new industrial and commercial development projects for potential air quality impacts to residences and other sensitive receptors; Action RM-8.2, which requires project applicants to prepare air quality analyses to add ress the SCAQMD and General Plan Update requirements; and Action RM -

8.15, which requires future development projects implemented under the General Plan Update to demonstrate consistency with the SCAQMD operational emission thresholds, and, where emissions exceed the SCAQMD thresholds, incorporate mitigation measures as necessary to minimize impacts.

There are no feasible criteria air pollutant reduction measures beyond those identified within the policies and actions listed above and those listed below, that would reduce impacts. While implementation of these policies and actions would reduce criteria pollutant emissions, the extent to which the impacts would have to be determined on a project -by-project basis, as necessary. Therefore, this impact is significant and unavoidable.

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GENERAL PLAN UPDATE GOALS, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS: Refer to the General Plan Update goals, policies and actions cited above in AQ-1.

2. Sensitive Receptors
Threshold: Would the project expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations?
Finding: Significant and Unavoidable. (Draft EIR, Impact AQ-3, pages 3. 2-44 through 3.2-47)
Explanation: Criteria air pollutant emissions have the potential to result in health impacts on sensitive receptors located near new development within the Planning Area. As discussed previously, localized impacts are associated with onsite activities. In addition to these localized impacts, vehicle travel associated with future development accommodated by the General Plan Update has the potential to result in exposure of sensitive receptors to CO emissions from intersection congestion. Based on the nature and extent of new development, nearby sensitive receptors could be exposed to levels of toxic air contaminants that could result in a potential increase in cancer, acute, and/or chronic risk. The proposed Project would potentially cause a significant impact if one of the following would occur:
• Localized emissions from NO2 and CO for future development accommodated by the General Plan Update, when combined with existing ambient concentrations, would exceed the CAAQS. • Localized emissions from PM10 and PM2.5 would result in exceedance of the following incremental increase thresholds:
o 10.4 µg/m3 (24 -hour) and 1 µg/m3 of PM10 (Annual) for construction;
o 10.4 µg/m3 (24-hour) of PM2.5 for construction;
o 2.5 µg/m3 (24 -hour) and 1.0 µg/m3 (Annual) of PM10 for operations; and
o 2.5 µg/m3 (24-hour) of PM2.5 for operation.

Additionally, buildout of the General Plan Update would be considered to emit significant carcinogenic materials or TACs if development were to exceed the maximum incremental cancer risk of ten in one million or an acute or chronic hazard index of 1.0; or if cancer burden were to correspond to an increase in more than 0.5 excess cancer cases in areas where the Project-related increase in individual cancer risk exceeds 1 in one million.

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Local Air Quality
The SCAQMD recommends the evaluation of localized air quality impacts on sensitive receptors in the immediate vicinity of project -specific level proposed projects (following the SCAQMD Localized Significant Threshold, or LST, methodology). However, the SCA QMD explicitly advises that the LST methodology is not applicable to regional projects such as general plans. Therefore, an analysis of localized emissions during construction activities is not provided herein. Because the exact nature, location, and opera tion of the future developments are unknown, quantification of potential localized operational risk would be speculative.

However, as construction and operation of these future developments would occur within close proximity to sensitive receptors, there is the potential for localized emissions to exceed regulatory levels. Therefore, localized construction and operational emissions with respect to the proposed Project would be potentially significant.

Intersection Hot Spot Analysis
The potential for future development accommodated by the General Plan Update to cause or contribute to CO hotspots is evaluated by comparing Planning Area intersections (both intersection geometry and traffic volumes) with prior studies conducted by the SC AQMD in support of the AQMPs and considering existing background CO concentrations. As discussed below, this comparison demonstrates that the implementation of the General Plan Update would not cause or contribute considerably to the formation of CO hotspo ts, that CO concentrations at project impacted intersections would remain well below the ambient air quality standards, and that no further CO analysis is warranted or required.

CO levels in the Planning Area are substantially below the federal and State standards. CO levels decreased dramatically in the Basin with the introduction of the catalytic converter in 1975. No exceedances of CO have been recorded at monitoring stations i n the Basin for some time and the Basin is currently designated as a CO attainment area for both the CAAQS and NAAQS. Thus, it is not expected that CO levels within the Planning Area at project -impacted intersections would rise to the level of an exceedance of these standards.

Additionally, the SCAQMD conducted CO modeling for the 2003 AQMP for the four worst -case intersections in the Basin: (1) Wilshire Boulevard and Veteran Avenue; (2) Sunset Boulevard and Highland Avenue; (3) La Cienega Boulevard and Century Boulevard; and (4) Long Beach Boulevard and Imperial Highway. Based on the intersection volumes identified in the 2003 AQMP, if a project’s traffic levels exceed 100,000 vehicles per day at any proposed project-impacted intersection, there would be the potential for significant impacts and dispersion modeling would need to be conducted to

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determine project level impacts.

As provided within the Transportation Impact Analysis (see Appendix F), there are no intersections that would exceed 100,000 vehicles per day within the Planning Area. As a result, CO concentrations are expected to be less than those estimated in the 2003 AQMP, and would not exceed the applicable thresholds. Thus, this comparison demonstrates that the proposed project would not contribute considerably to the formation of CO hotspots and no further CO analysis is required. The proposed project would result in less than significant impacts with respect to CO hotspots.

Toxic Air Contaminants
Construction and operation of future development anticipated by the General Plan Update would result in emissions of TACs, predominantly from diesel particulate emissions from on - and off -road vehicles during construction and from the operation of diesel f ueled equipment or generators during operational activities. Because the exact nature, location, and operation of the future developments are unknown, and because health risk impacts from TACs are cumulative over the life of the nearby receptors, quantification of potential health risks would be speculative. However, as construction and operation of these future developments would occur within close proximity to sensitive receptors, there is the potential for risk to exceed regulatory levels. Therefore, hea lth risks with respect to the development anticipated by the General Plan Update would be potentially significant.

Health Impacts
Because regional emissions exceed the SCAQMD regulatory thresholds during construction and operational activities, there is the potential that these emissions would exceed the CAAQS and NAAQS, potentially resulting in a health impact. Without knowing the e xact specifications for all projects that may be developed under the General Plan Update, there is no way to accurately calculate the potential for health impacts from the overall General Plan Update. Individual development projects would be required to assess the potential for health impacts from the construction and operation of individual projects. Because there is no way to determine the potential for these projects to affect health of sensitive receptors within the City of La Verne, the proposed Projec t would result in potentially significant health impacts.

The proposed policies of the General Plan Update listed below would potentially reduce emissions, which could potentially reduce impacts related to conflicts with an applicable air quality plan. For example, Goal RM-8 of the General Plan Update Resources Management Element addresses potential air quality impacts by improving air quality in La Verne

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and the region through reductions in air pollutants and GHG emissions.

Specifically, Policy RM -8.5 is aimed at minimizing exposure of sensitive receptors to concentrations of air pollutant emissions and TACs, and requires discretionary projects involving s ensitive receptors that are proposed within 500 feet of SR -210 to analyze mobile source toxic air contaminant health risks and, if necessary, implement appropriate mitigation measures to reduce health risks to acceptable levels; and Action RM-8.1 directs t he City to review all new industrial and commercial development projects for potential air quality impacts to residences and other sensitive receptors. Policy LU -1.1 of the General Plan Update Land Use Element promotes a land use pattern that would reduce pollution and air quality impacts.

Conclusion
With respect to local air quality emissions, toxic air contaminant emissions, and health impacts, future development under the General Plan Update would be required to comply with the AQMP, SIP, CARB, SCAQMD regulations, Title 24 energy efficiency standards, and the proposed General Plan Update policies and actions. Implementation of the goals and policies would mitigate and reduce such emissions. However, the exact location, type, nature, and size of future projects that may expose sensitive receptors to pollutant concentrations cannot be calculated at this time, as the details of potential future projects are not currently known. As such, there is no way to determine the extent to which these regulations will be, or need to be, implemented, and it is impos sible to determine if potential impacts would be reduced to below regulatory thresholds. Therefore, localized operational impacts, construction and operational health and toxic air impacts would remain significant and unavoidable.

GENERAL PLAN UPDATE GOALS, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS: Refer to the General Plan Update goals, policies and actions cited above in AQ-1.

B. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

1. Generation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Threshold: Would the project generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment? Finding: Significant and Unavoidable. (Draft EIR, Impact GHG-1, pages 5.7-22 through 5.7-36)
Explanation: Emissions of GHGs contributing to global climate change are attributable in large part to human activities associated with the
industrial/manufacturing, utility, transportation, residential, and agricultural sectors. Therefore, the cumulative global emissi ons of GHGs contributing

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to global climate change can be attributed to every nation, region, and city, and virtually every individual on Earth. A project’s GHG emissions are at a micro-scale relative to global emissions, but could result in a cumulatively considerable incremental contribution to a significant cumulative macro - scale impact. Implementation of the Project would contribute to increases of GHG emissions that are associated with global climate change. Estimated GHG emissions attributable to future development would be pr imarily associated with increases of CO2 and other GHG pollutants, such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), from mobile sources and utility usage.

The Project’s short -term construction -related and long -term operational GHG emissions were estimated using the California Emission Estimator Model (CalEEMod)TM (v.2022.1). CalEEMod is a statewide model designed to provide a uniform platform for government agencies, land use planners, and environmental professionals to quantify GHG emissions from land use projects. The model quantifies direct GHG emissions from construction and operation (including vehicle use), as well as indirect GHG emissions, such as GHG emissions from energy use, solid waste disposal, vegetation planting and/or removal, and water use. Emissions are expressed in annual metric tons of CO2 equivalent units of measure (i.e., MT CO2e), based on the global warming potential of the individual pollutants.

Construction
Estimated maximum mitigated GHG emissions associated with construction of the proposed Project are summarized in Table 5.7 -1, Maximum Construction GHG Emissions (Mitigated Average MT CO2e/year). These emissions include all worker vehicle, vendor vehicle, hauler vehicle, and off -road construction vehicle GHG emissions.

Construction activities are anticipated to occur at various levels throughout the approximately 20-year buildout horizon (2025 to 2045). Since specific projects are unknown at this time, as is the level of intensity of construction over the 20 years, the analysis provides emissions from an anticipated reasonable worst-case construction scenario. Specifically, emissions were modeled for all development within the Planning Area in buildout year 2045. As presented in Table 5.7 -1, short -term construction emissions of GHGs are estimated at a maximum of approximately 28,461 MT CO2e per year.

Operation
The operational GHG emissions estimate for the proposed Project includes on-site area, energy, mobile, waste, and water emissions generated by the Project during its operation. Estimated GHG emissions associated with the proposed Project are summarized in Table 5.7 -2, Operational GHG Emissions at Buildout (Mitigated Metric Tons/Year). It should be noted that

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CalEEMod does not account for the Governor Newsom’s Zero-Emission by 2035 Executive Order (N -79-20), which requires that all new cars and passenger trucks sold in California be zero-emission vehicles by 2035. This is anticipated to substantially reduce the operational emissions associated with passenger vehicles (i.e. mobile emissions) over time. Therefore, the operational emissions results provided in Table 5.7 -2 are likely an overestimate for mobile emissions, assuming the Executive Order is implemented. As shown in Table 5.7 -2, the annual mitigated GHG emissions associated with the proposed Project would be approximately 250,150 MT CO2e.

Consistency with the CARB 2022 Scoping Plan
CARB’s 2022 Scoping Plan (the latest version of the Scoping Plan) provides policies that are considered needed to meet the State’s mid -term and long -term GHG emissions reduction targets. Specifically, CARB’s Final 2022 Scoping Plan identifies that it “…lays out the sector -by-sector roadmap for California, the world’s fifth largest economy, to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045 or earlier…”. The Scoping Plan addresses recent legislation and direction from Governor Newsom, by extending and expanding upon the earlier Scoping Plans with a target of reducing anthropogenic emissions to 85 percent below 1990 levels b y 2045, and adding carbon neutrality as a science -based guide and touchstone for California’s climate work. The Scoping Plan is therefore consistent with the AB 1279 GHG reduction targets of achieving carbon neutrality by 2045, and reducing anthropogenic emissions to 85 percent below 1990 levels by 2045. The Project’s consistency with the applicable 2022 Scoping Plan policies is discussed in Table 5.7 -3, Project Consistency with the 2022 Scoping Plan.

The proposed Project’s operational emissions would be reduced as regulations are implemented by CARB and other State agencies to comply with the statewide GHG reduction targets. Many of these regulations are already identified in the 2022 Scoping Plan. The se statewide actions are anticipated to reduce operational GHG emissions even further below those identified in Table 5.7-3. For example, the proposed Project’s transportation emissions would be expected to decline as vehicle efficiency standards are implemented beyond the Advanced Clean Cars II program and the Low Carbon Fuel Standard is strengthened. Furthermore, CalEEMod does not account for Governor Newsom’s Zero -Emission by 2035 Executive Order (N-79-20) or CARB’s subsequent regulations, which requires that all new cars and passenger trucks sold in California be zero -emission vehicles by 2035. This is anticipated to substantially reduce the operational emissions associated with passenger vehicles (i.e. mobile emissions) further, over time.

Overall, the proposed General Plan Update would not conflict with the 2022

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Scoping Plan. Future development anticipated by the General Plan Update would be developed according to the latest State and federal regulatory requirements, including those associated with operational building energy efficiency. Therefore, the General Pla n Update would be considered consistent with the 2022 Scoping Plan. Based on this and recognizing CARB as an authoritative substantial evidence source in evaluating post - 2020 GHG impacts, since the proposed General Plan Update would be consistent with the CARB’s 2022 Scoping Plan, implementation of the General Plan Update would not interfere with the main programs CARB has identified to support its conclusions that the State is on a trajectory to meet the 2045 GHG target. Overall, the proposed Project would not impede the 2022 Scoping Plan and would help the State to progress towards this target.

Conclusion
As demonstrated in the analysis provided above, the proposed Project does not conflict with implementation of the 2022 Scoping Plan. However, it cannot be guaranteed that individual projects developed in the future (i.e. through the Project buildout year) would not generate a significant and unavoidable impact specific to the generation of GHG emissions; therefore, the Project is considered to have a significant and unavoidable impact.

Nevertheless, the General Plan Update contains numerous policies that would reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For example, the General Plan Update Land Use Element Goal LU -1 promotes a healthy land use mix.

Policy LU -1.1. promotes efficient development and multimodal choices; reduces pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and the expenditure of energy and other resources and Policy LU -1.9 promotes infill development. The General Plan Update Mobility Element Goal M -2 promotes complete streets, and various polic ies under this goal promote practices such as providing safe routes to school (Policy M -2.8) to contribute toward reduction of vehicle trips and the use of alternative transportation options.

The General Plan Update Mobility Element also includes Goal M-5, which encourages the development of a comprehensive public transportation system, which would reduce motor vehicle VMT. Goal M -5 includes various policies that would facilitate such development, such as Policy M -

5.2, which would support programs encouragi ng public transit use, and Policy M -5.3, which would improve bus stops. Goal M -6, would encourages improved pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure, would further reduce motor vehicle VMT. Policies under this goal include Policy M -6.6, which would reduce gaps in sidewalks and bikeways, Policy M-6.7, which would improve bikeways and pedestrian facilities for consistency with neighboring jurisdictions, and Policy M -6.8, which would encourage new developments in the city to provide safe and attractive bicycle an d pedestrian facilities. Furthermore, the General Plan Update Resource

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Management Element includes policies that promote reduced energy consumption (Policy RM-6.2), alternative energy use (Policy RM-6.3), and green building (Policy RM-6.4). Goal RM-7 also requires the City to reduce solid waste disposal to landfills, and various policies under this goal support this effort, as well as promoting recycling (Policy RM -7.3), special waste (Policy RM-7.4), and organic waste (Policy RM -7.5). Lastly, Goal RM -8 requires the reductions in air pollutants and GHG emissions, including through improved development patterns (Policy RM -8.1), implementing local per capita GHG reduction targets (Policy RM -4.6), and protection of sensitive receptors (Policy RM-8.4).

While these policies and actions would further assist the City is reducing GHG emissions, the associated reduction of GHG emissions are not quantifiable. Because of this, the City cannot state with certainty whether implementation of the General Plan Update would meet the State’s carbon neutrality standard by year 2045 established under AB 1279. The State is making progress toward reducing GHG emissions in key sectors such as transportation, industry, and electricity. The proposed Project would make a reasonable fair share contribution to the State’s GHG reduction goals, by including a variety of goals, policies, and actions that would substantially reduce GHG emissions. However, it may not be feasible for all individual projects to reduce emissions to below the applicable thresholds. Therefore, the proposed Project’s criteria pollutant emissions would be considered to have a significant and unavoidable impact.

GENERAL PLAN UPDATE GOALS, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS:

LAND USE ELEMENT
Goal LU -1: Land Use Mix. A City with a land use plan that supports a diverse, self - sufficient community that offers a variety of housing types, job opportunities, institutional uses, community facilities, commercial services and recreational opportunities.

Policy LU-1.1: Land Use Pattern. Provide for an overall mix of housing, employment, service, and recreational opportunities that promotes efficient development and multimodal choices; reduces pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and the expenditure of energy and other resources; ensures c ompatibility between uses; enhances community livability and public health; and sustains economic vitality.

Policy LU-1.9: Growth Pattern. Strongly encourage new development to occur in infill locations in a balanced and efficient pattern that reduces sprawl, preserves open space, and creates convenient connections to other land uses and transportation facilities.

Goal LU -3: Residential Development. A community that preserves and protects its residential neighborhoods.

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Policy LU-3.5: Sensitive Uses. Locate residences away from areas of excessive noise, smoke, or dust and ensure that adequate provisions, including buffers or transitional uses, are made to ensure the health and well-being of existing and future residents.

MOBILITY ELEMENT
Goal M-2: Complete Streets. A community with a well-designed and built transportation network that is safe, accessible, comfortable, and convenient for all transportation modes and users.

Policy M-2.1: Complete Streets for Roadway Projects. Apply Complete Streets principles to all new transportation improvements impacting the public right-of-way.

Policy M-2.2: Local and Regional Collaboration. Cooperate and collaborate with regional and local partners, stakeholders, and agencies to ensure the implementation of Complete Streets within and connecting to the City.

Policy M-2.3: Best Practices and Design Guidance. Monitor and strive to follow the best and latest design standards for implementing Complete Streets in the City.

Goal M -5: Public Transit. A Community with a comprehensive public transportation system.

Policy M-5.1: Transit Use. Support programs encouraging public transit use by people living in, working in, or visiting La Verne.

Policy M-5.2: Improve Local Public Transit Service. Work with Foothill Transit and other local public transit providers to improve local transit service in the City.

Policy M-5.3: Improve Bus Stops. Work with Foothill Transit to improve bus stop amenities along roads in La Verne that have local transit service.

Policy M-5.4: Paratransit Service. Work with local transit and other providers to support paratransit service for seniors and persons with disabilities.

Policy M-5.5: Metrolink Service. Monitor and participate in any future regional discussions pertaining to changes in Metrolink service in the area and station facilities.

Policy M-5.6: Metro A (Gold) Line Service. Work with LA Metro to ensure Metro A (Gold) Line service (including headways and service hours) are sufficient to meet the needs of transit commuters to and from La Verne and do not overly impact vehicular crossings.

Policy M-5.7: Metro A (Gold) Line Station. Work with LA Metro and the Foothill Gold Line Construction Authority to ensure the planned station in La Verne is consistent with the City's Complete Streets, active transportation, and parking policies.

Policy M-5.8: Effects of New Technologies on Transit Use. Monitor the development of new technologies (such as rideshare and microtransit) and the potential effects on transit demand and the way users access public transit.

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Policy M-5.9: Transit to and from University of La Verne. Work collaboratively with the University of La Verne to determine the most effective ways to encourage transit use by students and staff, such as shuttles between campus and the planned Metro A (Gold) Line station in La Verne.

Goal M-6: Pedestrian, Bicycle, and Equestrian. A community with a comprehensive network of pedestrian, bicycle, and equestrian facilities.

Policy M-6.5: Marshall Canyon Trail. Work with the County of Los Angeles to ensure the Marshall Canyon Trail is open and maintained and that access to and from the trail, including equestrian access, is facilitated within the City.

Policy M-6.6: Sidewalk and Bikeway Gaps. Identify and eliminate gaps in sidewalks and bikeways in the City in order to create a connected and complete active transportation network.

Policy M-6.7: Coordination with Adjacent Cities. Coordinate its bikeways system and pedestrian facilities (including trails and sidewalks) to be consistent with and connected to regional facilities and facilities in adjacent jurisdictions.

Policy M-6.8: Bicycle/Pedestrian Facilities at New Developments. Encourage new residential and non -residential developments in the city to provide safe and attractive bicycle and pedestrian facilities, such as secure bicycle parking, pedestrian -scale lighting, street furniture, landscaping, and other improvements.

Policy M-6.9: Effective Roadway Projects. Consider the implementation of projects within the ATP when roadways are being rehabilitated or resurfaced.

Policy M-6.10: Bicycling and Walking to University of La Verne. Work collaboratively with the University of La Verne to ensure walking and bicycling options to different destinations in the City are facilitated for students and staff.

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ELEMENT
Goal RM-6: Energy and Mineral Resources. A community that protects its energy and mineral resources for future generations.

Policy RM-6.1: Regulatory Compliance. Meet all state and regional regulations in regard to gas and energy conservation and technology use, including the mandatory energy efficiency requirements of the California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen) and Building and Energy Efficiency Standards.

Policy RM-6.2: Reduced Consumption. Promote energy sustainability and conservation in order to reduce consumption of natural resources and promote air quality.

Policy RM-6.3: Alternative Energy Use. Regularly evaluate the viability of alternative energy sources for their application in La Verne.

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Policy RM -6.4: Green Building. Support the use of green building standards and sustainable development strategies, such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), in both private and public projects.

Policy RM-6.5: Regional Conservation. Participate in regional alternative energy supply movements and transition when financially feasible.

Policy RM-7.1: Compliance with State Legislation. Comply with Assembly Bill 939 source reduction and recycling requirements of 50 percent diversion of solid waste from landfills and strive to partner, plan for, and document compliance with Assembly Bill 341 source reduction, recycling, and composting requirements of 75 percent by 2020.

Policy RM-7.2: Solid Waste Collection. Provide adequate waste disposal, recycling, and refuse services for present and future residents and businesses, including programs that improve public access to solid waste collection and recycling facilities.

Policy RM-7.3: Source Reduction and Recycling Efforts. Participate in source reduction and recycling techniques to reduce the amount of solid waste sent to the landfill and extend the life of the landfill.

Goal RM-8: Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Improved air quality in La Verne and the region through reductions in air pollutants and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Policy RM-8.1: Development Patterns. Improve air quality through continuing to require a development pattern that focuses growth in and around existing urbanized areas, locates new housing near places of employment, encourages alternative modes of transportation, supports efficient parking strategies, reduces vehicle miles traveled, and requires projects to mitigate significant air quality impacts.

Policy RM -8.2: Regional Collaboration. Coordinate planning efforts with the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), and the California Air Resource Board (CARB) to meet local and regional air quality standards and ensure attainment of established goals.

Policy RM-8.3: Measurement. Coordinate with the California Air Resources Board and South Coast Air Quality Management District to properly measure air quality at emission sources and enforce the standards of the Clean Air Act.

Policy RM-8.4: Local Reduction Targets. The City of La Verne establishes the following per capita GHG reduction targets, in order to meet the requirements established by the state under AB 32 and SB 32, consistent with the CARB’s Scoping Plan:
• 3.99 MT CO2e per capita by 2030
• 2.66 MT CO2e per capita by 2040; and
• 1.33 MT CO2e per capita by 2050.

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Policy RM -8.5: Sensitive Receptors. Minimize exposure of sensitive receptors to concentrations of air pollutant emissions and toxic air contaminants. For discretionary projects involving sensitive receptors (i.e., children, the elderly, or people with illnesses) proposed within 500 feet of SR -210, require an analysis of mobile source toxic air contaminant health risks and, if necessary, ap propriate mitigation measures to reduce health risks to acceptable levels.

Policy RM-8.6: Municipal Operations. Reduce adverse air quality impacts of municipal operations.

Policy RM-8.7: Effects of Development on Air Quality. Use the City’s development review process and the California Environmental Quality Act to evaluate and mitigate the local and cumulative effects of new development on air quality.

Policy RM-8.8: Construction Activities. Meet state and federal clean air standards by minimizing particulate matter emissions from construction activities.

Policy RM-8.9: Airborne Pollutants and Noxious Odors. Comply with regional, state, and federal standards and programs for control of all airborne pollutants and noxious odors, regardless of source.

Policy RM-8.10: GHG Reduction. Consider and adopt new policies and programs that will help to provide energy efficient alternatives to fossil fuel use and reduce consumption in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Policy RM-8.11: Carbon Reduction. Expand the number of parks and trees in La Verne to provide a larger carbon sink or area containing natural sources that retain more carbon than what those sources emit.

Action RM -8.1: Review all new industrial and commercial development projects for potential air quality impacts to residences and other sensitive receptors. Ensure that mitigation measures and best management practices are implemented to reduce significant emissions of criteria pollutants.

Action RM -8.2: Review development, infrastructure, and planning projects for consistency with SCAQMD requirements during the CEQA review process. Require project applicants to prepare air quality analyses to address SCAQMD and General Plan requirements, which include analysis and identification of:
• Air pollutant emissions associated with the project during construction, project operation, and cumulative conditions.
• Potential exposure of sensitive receptors to toxic air contaminants. • Significant air quality impacts associated with the project for construction, project operation, and cumulative conditions.

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• Mitigation measures to reduce significant impacts to less than significant or the maximum extent feasible where impacts cannot be mitigated to less than significant.

Action RM -8.3: Work with Los Angeles County to implement programs aimed at improving regional air quality.

Action RM-8.4: Continue to review development projects to ensure that all new public and private development complies with the California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 24 standards as well as the energy efficiency standards established by the La Verne Municipal Code.

Action RM-8.14: Future development projects implemented under the General Plan will be required to demonstrate consistency with SCAQMD construction emission thresholds.

Where emissions from individual projects exceed SCAQMD thresholds, the following actions shall be incor porated as necessary to minimize impacts. These measures do not exclude the use of other, equally effective mitigation measures. • Require all off-road diesel equipment greater than 50 horsepower (hp) used for this Project to meet, at minimum, USEPA Tier 4 final off -road emission standards or equivalent. Such equipment shall be outfitted with Best Available Control Technology (BACT) d evices including, at minimum, a California Air Resources Board Certified Level 3 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) or equivalent. This DPF will reduce diesel particulate matter and NOx emissions during construction activities.
• Require a minimum of 50 percent of construction debris be diverted for recycling. • Require building materials to contain a minimum 10 percent recycled content. • Require materials such as paints, primers, sealants, coatings, and glues to have a low volatile organic compound concentration compared to conventional products.

If low VOC materials are not available, architectural coating phasing should be extended sufficiently to reduce the daily emissions of VOCs.

Action RM-8.15: Future development projects implemented under the General Plan will be required to demonstrate consistency with SCAQMD’s operational emission thresholds.

For projects where operational emissions exceed regulatory thresholds, the following measures may be used to reduce impacts. Note the following measures are not all inclusive and developers have the option to add or substitute measures that are equally or more appropriate for the scope of their project.
• Develop a project specific TDM program for residents and/or employees that provides opportunities for carpool/vanpools.
• Provide onsite solar/renewable energy in excess of regulatory requirements.

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• Require that owners/tenants of non -residential or multi -family residential developments use architectural coatings that are 10 grams per liter or less when repainting/repairing properties.
• Require dripless irrigation and irrigation sensor units that prevent watering during rain storms.

Ensure all parking areas are wired for capability of future EV charging and include EV charging stations that exceed regulatory requirements.

2. Conflict with Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Plan Threshold: Would the project conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases? Finding: Significant and Unavoidable. (Draft EIR, Impact GHG -2, pages 5. 7-36 through 5.7-42)
Explanation: As provided under Response GHG-1, the GHG reduction targets developed for the proposed General Plan Update are consistent with the GHG reduction targets provided in the CARB’s 2022 Scoping Plan, which were developed by CARB to ensure compliance with AB 32, SB 32, and consistent with Executive Order S -03-05. These laws established a statewide reduction in GHG emissions to 15 percent below 1990 levels by 2020 (under AB 32), 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 (under SB 32), and 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050 (under AB 32 and consistent with Executive Order S-03-05).

Therefore, the proposed General Plan Update does not conflict with implementation of the 2022 Scoping Plan; however, as also provided under Response GHG -1, it cannot be guaranteed that all individual projects developed within the Planning Area would not ge nerate a significant and unavoidable GHG emissions impact. In order to further reduce GHG emissions associated with buildout of the General Plan Update, the City has included numerous policies and actions aimed at reducing GHG emissions and promoting sustainability in La Verne.

The SCAQMD adopted a Policy on Global Warming and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion in April 1990. However, this policy did not set a GHG reduction target or goal, and the proposed Project would not conflict with this policy.

At the regional level, the SCAG 2020 RTP/SCS is an applicable plan adopted for the purpose of reducing GHGs. In order to assess the Project’s potential to conflict with the 2020 RTP/SCS, this section also analyzes the Project’s land use assumptions for consistency with those utilized by SCAG in its SCS. Generally, projects are considered consistent with the provisions

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and general policies of applicable City and regional land use plans and regulations, such as SCAG’s RTP/SCS, if they are compatible with the general intent of the plans and would not preclude the attainment of their primary goals. Table 5.7 -4, Consistency with the 2020 RTP/SCS, demonstrates the General Plan Update’s consistency with the core vision and strategies set forth in the 2020 RTP/SCS.

As depicted in Table 5.7 -4, the Project would be consistent with the 2020 RTP/SCS through various polices. The General Plan Update policies would support development that is encouraged by the RTP/SCS to reduce VMT and expand multi -modal transportation opti ons in order for the region to achieve GHG reductions from the land use and transportation sectors required by SB 375, which, in turn, advances the State’s long-term climate policies. By furthering implementation of SB 375, the General Plan Update supports regional land use and transportation GHG reductions consistent with State regulatory requirements. Therefore, the Project would be consistent with the GHG reduction-related actions and strategies contained in the 2020 RTP/SCS.

Conclusion
In order to further reduce GHG emissions associated with buildout of the General Plan Update, the City has included numerous goals, policies and actions in the General Plan Update aimed at reducing GHG emissions and promoting sustainability in the Planning Area. The General Plan Update proposes goals, policies and actions that are specifically relevant to climate change and GHG emissions and energy consumption within the Planning Area. Specifically, the proposed Resources Management Element includes Goal RM -8, which is aimed at reductions in air pollutants and GHG emissions. Policy RM -8.2 coordinates City planning efforts with the SCAQMD, SCAG, and the CARB to meet local and regional air quality standards and ensure attainment of established goals. Policy RM-8.3 directs the City to coordinate with the CARB and SCAQMD to properly measure air quality at emission sources and enforce the standards of the Clean Air Act. Policy RM-8.4 establishes Citywide per capita GHG reduction targets, in order to meet the requirements established by the state under AB 32 and SB 32. Policy RM -10 directs the City to consider and adopt new policies and programs that will help to provide energy efficient alternatives to fossil fuel use and reduce consumption in order to reduce GHGs. Action RM-8.2 directs the City to review development, infrastructure, and planning projects for consistency with SCAQMD requirements during the CEQA review process and to require project applicants to prepare air quality analyses to address SCAQMD and General Plan requirements. Action RM-8.5 5 directs the City to monitor GHG emissions generated by the community over time for consistency with the established GHG reduction targets, and to update the City’s community GHG Inventory every five years. In the event that the

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City determines that ongoing efforts to reduce GHG emissions are not on track to meet the City’s adopted GHG reduction targets, the City shall establish and adopt new and/or revised GHG reductions measures that will effectively meet the established GHG reduction targets.

Furthermore, numerous policies and programs in the General Plan Update address sustainable development, which influence operational mobile, energy, and area -source emissions in the Planning Area. For example, Policy RM -8.1 directs the City to continue a de velopment pattern that focuses growth in and around existing urbanized areas, locates new housing near places of employment, encourages alternative modes of transportation, supports efficient parking strategies, reduces vehicle miles traveled, and requires projects to mitigate significant air quality impacts. Additional policies and actions throughout the Land Use and Mobility Elements promote reductions in VMT through the mix and density of land uses, walkable neighborhood design, bicycle facilities and in frastructure, and public transportation facilities and infrastructure. Specifically, the proposed Land Use Element includes Policy LU -1.1, which promotes a land use pattern that promotes efficient development and multiple transportation options. The propos ed Mobility Element contains Policy M -2.1, which requires the City to apply Complete Streets principles to all transportation improvements projects impacting the public right -of-way; Policy M -5.2, which directs the City to work with local public transit providers to improve transit service in the City; Policy M-5.7, which directs the City to work with LA Metro and the Foothill Gold Line Construction Authority to ensure the planned station in La Verne is consistent with the City's Complete Streets, active transportation, and parking policies; Policy M-6.2, which requires the City to coordinate with adjacent jurisdictions to ensure bikeways and pedestrian facilities are consistent and connected with regional facilities; and Policy M-6.8, which encourages new development projects in the City to provide bicycle and pedestrian facilities.

While the proposed General Plan Update is consistent with the CARB 2022 Scoping Plan and the SCAG 2020 RTP/SCS, Project implementation would not meet the established reduction targets of SB 32, and AB 32. The City of La Verne would implement GHG reductions strategies through implementation of the General Plan Update goals and policies which would reduce emissions. However, there would be a significant and u navoidable impact relative to this topic.

GENERAL PLAN UPDATE GOALS, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS: Refer to the General Plan Update goals, policies and actions cited above in GHG-1.

C. Transportation

1. Cumulative VMT Impact

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Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3, subdivision (b)?
Finding: Significant and Unavoidable . (Draft EIR, Section 5.1 4.6, pages 5.1 4-44 through 5.14-45)
Explanation: A significant cumulative VMT impact would occur if the total SGVCOG Northeast Subarea VMT under the General Plan Update buildout conditions exceeds the total SGVCOG Northeast Subarea VMT under no project/existing General Plan conditions. As shown in Table 5.14-4, the total SGVCOG Northeast Subarea VMT under General Plan Update buildout conditions is estimated to be 9,037,571; the total SGVCOG Northeast Subarea VMT under no project/existing General Plan conditions is estimated to be 8,999,588. T he total SGVCOG Northeast Subarea VMT under the General Plan Update buildout conditions would exceed the total SGVCOG Northeast Subarea VMT under no project/existing General Plan conditions. Therefore, the proposed Project would result in a significant cumulative VMT impact.

The proposed General Plan land use patterns and intensities, as well as its proposed policies, include a multitude of components that would reduce VMT. In addition to increased development in areas of projected high - quality transit service such as the futu re LA Metro A (Gold) Line station, the General Plan’s inclusion of the ATP provides for the implementation of facilities that would encourage walking and biking within and through La Verne. Individual development projects would also be required to conduct VMT analyses based on guidelines and thresholds established by the City, including mitigating significant VMT impacts through transportation demand management (TDM) strategies and other mitigation measures (Policy M -9.2). While such measures are likely to result in less than significant VMT impacts when considered at an individual project level, they cannot be guaranteed and it is not possible to fully quantify or mitigate VMT impacts for all potential development at a citywide level as part of a programmatic General Plan Update. In addition, the cumulative VMT impacts extend beyond the City’s boundaries, meaning that mitigation measures that would reduce regional VMT outside the La Verne planning boundaries cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, the Project’s cumulative VMT impacts would be considered significant and unavoidable.

GENERAL PLAN UPDATE GOALS, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS: Refer to the General Plan Update goals, policies and actions cited above in TR-2.

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SECTION V

CUMULATIVE IMPACTS

Regarding the General Plan’s potential to result in cumulative impacts, t he City hereby finds as follows:

A. AESTHETICS
Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.1.6, page 5.1-19) Explanation: As described above, scenic views within the Planning Area include the San Gabriel Mountains, foothills, and canyons located in the northern portion of the City, which are intermittently visible within the Planning Area due to intervening development within the Project Area and surrounding area.

While most new development proposed under the General Plan Update would occur in areas that have been previously developed, subsequent development under the General Plan Update could result in new development and intensification of existing urban uses within the Planning Area. This new development may result in changes to the skyline throughout the Planning Area, which may obstruct or interfere with views of visual features surrounding the Planning Area, including the San Gabriel Mountains, foothills, and canyons located in the northern portion of the City.

Future development projects in the City would be subject to the City’s development standards, site plan and/or design review process to ensure conformance with City’s established development standards. Further, future projects implemented under the General Plan Update would be required to be consistent with the General Plan Update goals, policies, and actions pertaining to aesthetics. With implementation of the adopted policies and regulations described above, the proposed General Plan Update would not considerably contribute to permanent changes in visual character, such as obstruction of scenic views. The polices and actions included within the General Plan Update and compliance with the established regulatory framework would reduce the cumulative effect of the General Plan Update on visual character to a less -than-significant level. Thus, the Project’s incremental effects involving the potential for substantial adverse effects on a scenic vista would not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, conflict with applicable zoning and other regulations governing scenic quality?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.1.6, page 5.1-20)

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Explanation: Future development and cumulative development are located within the Planning Area and are therefore within an “Urbanized Area.” As discussed above, implementation of the General Plan Update would result in new development and intensification of existing u rban uses around existing urbanized areas, thus ensuring that new development is primarily an extension of the existing urban landscape along major corridors. While the Project does not include any specific development proposals, the Project could facilitate future development projects within these areas at higher densities and intensities than currently exist. The General Plan Update incorporates consistent and compatible development intensities that would maintain and enhance the overall visu al character/quality of the Planning Area. Specifically, the Land Use Element includes goals, policies, actions, and maps to control and direct the general distribution, location, and extent of land uses within the Planning Area. Other regulations governin g scenic quality applicable to the City include the Zoning Ordinance and development standards and design guidelines within the City’s various Specific Plans. Development within the City is subject to the Zoning Ordinance, which provides for project -specific design review of future development proposals, which would ensure that development is consistent with the General Plan Update goals, policies, and actions, and the Zoning Code. Compliance with the established regulatory framework would ensure that the General Plan Update would not conflict with applicable zoning and other regulations governing scenic quality. Thus, the Project’s incremental effects involving potential conflicts with applicable zoning and other regulations governing scenic quality would not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.1.6, pages 5.1 -20 through 5.1- 21)
Explanation: Future development associated with the General Plan Update and development in the surrounding communities could introduce new sources of light or glare with the potential to adversely affect day or nighttime views. All lighting installed in future developm ent projects would be subject to conformance with the General Plan Update and applicable Zoning Code requirements. Additionally, pursuant to Chapter 18.16, Development Review, Section 18.76.090, Parking Lot Lighting Standards, and/or Section

16.34.010, Hillside Areas, future residential development projects would be reviewed for conformance with the City’s established design criteria, including project illumination. Further, future projects implemented under the General Plan Update would be required to be consistent with the General Plan Update policies and actions pertaining to aesthetics. With

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implementation of the adopted policies and regulations described above, the proposed General Plan Update would not considerably contribute to permanent changes in visual character, such as increased lighting or glare which would affect day or nighttime vie ws in the area. The polices and actions included within the General Plan Update and compliance with the Zoning Code would reduce the cumulative effect of the General Plan Update on lighting and glare to a less-than-significant level. Thus, through compliance with the City’s established regulatory framework, the Project’s incremental effects involving the potential to create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area would not be cumulative considerable.

B. AIR QUALITY
Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan? Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.2.6, pages 5.2-50) Explanation: As stated under Impact AQ-1, the City of La Verne continues to coordinate with the SCAQMD and SCAG to ensure Citywide growth projections, land use planning efforts, and local development patterns are accounted for in the regional planning and air quality p lanning processes. Additionally, the General Plan Update includes policies and actions to further minimize potential impacts to air quality in support of the AQMP. Therefore, the operation of the proposed General Plan Update would not conflict with or obstruct the implementation of the applicable air quality plan and impacts would be less than significant.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan, or result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is in non -attainment under an applicable Federal or state ambient air quality standard?
Finding: Significant and Unavoidable. (Draft EIR, Section 5. 2.6, pages 5. 2-50 through 5.2-51)
Explanation: Construction of the growth anticipated by the General Plan Update has the potential to temporarily emit criteria air pollutant emissions through the use of heavy-duty construction equipment, and through vehicle trips generated by workers and haul trucks. In addition, fugitive dust emissions would result from demolition and various soil -handling activities. Mobile source emissions, primarily NOx and PM emissions (i.e., PM10 and PM2.5), would result from the use of diesel -powered on- and off-road vehicles and equipment. Construction emissions can vary substantially from day-to-day, depending on the level of activity and the specific type of construction

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activity. As shown in Table 5.2 -6, construction -related daily emissions would exceed the SCAQMD significance thresholds for VOCs, NOx, CO, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5.

Operation of the future development accommodated by the General Plan Update would generate criteria air pollutant emissions from Project - generated vehicle trips traveling within the City, energy sources such as natural gas combustion, and area sources such as landscaping equipment and consumer products usage. As identified in Table 5.2 -7, potential operational emissions for the proposed Project would also exceed regulatory thresholds (for VOC, NOx, CO, PM10, and PM2.5). Feasible mitigation measures are incorporated into the policies and actions included within the General Plan Update. However, there are no feasible criteria air pollutant reduction measures beyond those identified within the policies and actions listed under above, that would reduce impacts. While implementation of these policies and actions would reduce criteria pollutant emissions, the extent to which the impacts would be generated by future development and infrastructure projects have to be determined on a project- by-project basis, as necessary.

Moreover, with respect to local air quality emissions, toxic air contaminant emissions, and health impacts, future development under the General Plan Update would be required to comply with the AQMP, SIP, CARB, SCAQMD regulations, Title 24 energy efficienc y standards, and the proposed General Plan Update policies and actions. Implementation of the policies and actions listed above would mitigate and reduce such emissions.

However, as there is no way to determine the extent to which these regulations would b e, or need to be, implemented, it is impossible to determine if potential impacts would be reduced to below regulatory thresholds because the details and potential emissions levels of future development projects is not known at this time, as there are no s pecific development projects proposed as part of the General Plan Update.

Therefore, localized operational impacts, construction and operational health, and toxic air impacts would remain significant and unavoidable.

Lastly, with respect to other emissions, as stated, future development under the General Plan Update would be required to comply with the AQMP, SIP, CARB, SCAQMD regulations, Title 24 energy efficiency standards, and the proposed General Plan Update policies and actions. However, as there is no way to determine the extent to which these regulations would be, or need to be, implemented, it is impossible to determine if potential impacts would be reduced to below regulatory thresholds. As project -specific information is not currently known, there are no known feasible mitigation measures that can be identified at this time beyond the policies and actions listed above.

Based on these impacts, the General Plan Update would contribute to a cumulative impact with regard to air quality in the region and within the

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Basin as a whole. Therefore, this impact is considered a cumulatively considerable and significant and unavoidable impact.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations? Finding: Significant and Unavoidable. (Draft EIR, Section 5. 2.6, pages 5. 2-51 through 5.2-52)
Explanation: As stated under Impact AQ -3, with respect to local air quality emissions, TAC emissions, and health impacts, future development under the General Plan Update would be required to comply with AQMP, SIP, CARB, SCAQMD regulations, Title 24 energy efficiency s tandards, and the proposed General Plan Update policies and actions. Implementation of the General Plan Update policies and actions listed above would mitigate and reduce such emissions. However, the exact location, type, nature, and size of f uture projects that may expose sensitive receptors to pollutant concentrations cannot be calculated at this time, as the details of potential future projects are not currently known. As such, there is no way to determine the extent to which these regulatio ns will be, or need to be, implemented, and it is impossible to determine if potential impacts would be reduced to below regulatory thresholds. Additionally, as project-specific information is not currently known, there are no known feasible mitigation measures that can be identified at this time beyond the policies and actions listed above. Therefore, this impact is considered a cumulatively considerable and significant and unavoidable impact.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people?
Finding: Less than Significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.2.6, pages 5.2-52) Explanation: As stated under Impact AQ -4, with respect to potential sources that may emit odors during construction and operations, future developments under the General Plan Update would be required to comply with the CARB requirements, SCAQMD rules, the City’s Munici pal Code, and the proposed General Plan Update policies and actions. As a result, the implementation of the General Plan Update would not result in a cumulatively considerable contribution to cumulative odor impacts.

Additionally, adherence to SCAQMD rules and regulations would alleviate potential impacts related to cumulative conditions on a project -by-project basis. Project implementation would not contribute to a cumulatively considerable objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people within the City; impacts would be less than significant in this regard.

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C. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional pla ns, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.3.6, page 5.3-51) Explanation: Future development projects resulting from implementation of the General Plan Update within the Planning Area, along with cumulative projects in the surrounding region, have the potential to result in direct or indirect impacts to candidate, sensitive, or special status species. While most new development proposed under the General Plan Update would occur in areas that have been previously developed, subsequent development under the General Plan Update could result in the direct loss of habitat areas associated with special status species, since suitable habitat for these species does occur in the region. Indirect impacts to special status species could also occur as a result of future development accommodated by implementation of the General Pl an Update, including habitat degradation as a result of impacts to water quality, increased human presence, and the loss of foraging habitat. Future development projects within the Planning Area and cumulative projects within the region would be required t o adhere to applicable federal, State, and local regulations that provide protections to special status species, including development standards within a County - designated SEA, as well as the overall land use vision and policies in local and regional plans as part of the approval process for site -specific development projects. Compliance with applicable regulations at the time of future development would minimize adverse impacts to special status species. Thus, the proposed Project’s incremental effects inv olving candidate, sensitive, or special status species would not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, a have substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5. 3.6, pages 5.3-51 through 5.3- 52)
Explanation: Future development projects resulting from implementation of the General Plan Update within the Planning Area, along with cumulative projects in the surrounding region, have the potential to result in direct or indirect impacts to riparian habitat or other sensitive natural communities. Future

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development projects within the Planning Area and cumulative projects within the region would be required to comply with adopted federal, State, and local regulations for the protection of sensitive natural communities, including riparian habitat. Complian ce with applicable regulations at the time of future development would minimize adverse impacts to riparian habitat or other sensitive natural communities. Thus, the proposed Project’s incremental effects involving riparian habitats or other sensitive natu ral communities would not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means? Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.3.6, page 5.3-52) Explanation: Future development projects resulting from implementation of the General Plan Update within the Project Area, along with cumulative projects in the surrounding region, have the potential to result in direct or indirect impacts to wetlands and jurisdictiona l waters. Future development projects within the Planning Area and cumulative projects within the region would be required to comply with adopted federal, State, and local regulations, including Section 404 of the CWA, which requires any project that involves disturbance to a wetland or water of the U.S. to obtain a permit that authorizes the disturbance. Section 404 of the CWA also requires that there is “no net loss” of wetlands or jurisdictional waters through avoidance or implementation of mitigation. Compliance with applicable regulations at the time of future development would minimize adverse impacts to wetlands. Thus, the proposed Project’s incremental effects involving wetlands would not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the us e of native wildlife nursery sites?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5. 3.6, pages 5.3-52 through 5.3- 53)
Explanation: Future development resulting from implementation of the General Plan Update within the Planning Area, along with cumulative projects in the surrounding region, have the potential to result in direct or indirect impacts to animal movement and the use of nat ive wildlife nursery sites. Future development projects within the Planning Area and cumulative projects within the region would be required to comply with federal, State, and local regulations to ensure movement corridors and wildlife nursery sites are not

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adversely impacted. Compliance with applicable regulations at the time of future development would minimize adverse impacts. Thus, the proposed Project’s incremental effects associated with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or the use of native wildlife nursery sites, would not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance? Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.3.6, page 5.3-53) Explanation: Future development resulting from implementation of the General Plan Update within the Planning Area and cumulative development projects would not modify local goals or policies specific to the protection of biological resources. Site-specific development is not currently proposed as part of the Project; however, future development associated with implementation of the Project would be assessed for consistency with local policies and ordinances, including the Municipal Code and General Plan goals and policies, as appropriate. Proposed removal of any trees within the City would be reviewed in accordance with Municipal Code Chapter 18.78 and would be required to comply with the requirements for removal and replacement. Similarly, cumulative develo pment projects in the region would be required to comply with local policies and ordinances. Thus, the Project’s incremental effects involving conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources would not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5. 3.6, pages 5.3-53 through 5.3- 54)
Explanation: The Planning Area is not located within the boundaries of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or State habitat conservation plan. Further, the Project would not conflict or alter loc al and regional plans are aimed at protecting biological resources within the Planning Area, including the La Verne Wilderness Area Management and Public Access Plan and the County SEA Program. Thus, the Project’s incremental effects involving a conflict with any of these plans would not be cumulatively considerable.

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D. CULTURAL RESOURCES
Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource pursuant to §15064.5?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.4.6, pages 5.4-34 through 5.4- 35)
Explanation: Previously recorded historic built environment resources have been identified within the Planning Area, as described above. Additionally, due to the age of development, there is the potential for eligible historical resource sites to be located within the Planning Area. As such, future development and cumulative development within the Planning Area has the potential to impact known and potentially eligible historical resources. As with the Project, the related cumulative projects would undergo environmental review pursuant to CEQA to evaluate potential impacts to historical resources. This would include studies of historical resources that are present or could be present within a development site. Where significant or potentially significant imp acts are identified, implementation of all feasible site -specific mitigation would be required to avoid or reduce impacts. Additionally, the General Plan Update Resource Management Element includes policies and actions that would serve to preserve historic and cultural resources within the City. The polices and actions included within the General Plan Update and compliance with the applicable regulations would reduce the cumulative effect of the General Plan Update on historical resources to a less than sig nificant level. Based on the above, the Project’s incremental contribution to cumulative historical resource impacts would be less than cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource pursuant to §15064.5?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5. 4.6, pages 5.4-35 through 5.4- 36)
Explanation: Previously recorded cultural resources have been identified within the City, as described above. Additionally, undiscovered archeological sites may be located within the Planning Area. As such, future development and cumulative development within the Plann ing Area has the potential to impact previously undiscovered archaeological resources. As with the Project, the related cumulative projects would undergo environmental review pursuant to CEQA to evaluate potential impacts to archaeological resources. This would include studies of archaeological resources that are

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present or could be present within a development site. Additionally, related projects would be subject to compliance with the established federal, State, and local regulatory framework concerning the protection of cultural resources on a project -by-project basis. Where significant or potentially significant impacts are identified, implementation of all feasible site - specific mitigation would be required to avoid or reduce impacts.

Additionally, the General Plan Update Resource Management Element includes po licies and actions that would address heritage resources, including archaeological resources. The polices and actions included within the General Plan Update and compliance with applicable regulations would reduce the cumulative effect of the General Plan Update on archeological resources to a less than significant level. Based on the above, the Project’s incremental contribution to cumulative archaeological resource impacts would be less than cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of dedicated cemeteries?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.4.6, page 5.4-36) Explanation: Although unlikely, there is the potential that previously undiscovered human remains could be encountered during construction activities associated with future development within the Planning Area. Future development projects would be required to comply wi th the established State regulatory framework regarding human remains. Related cumulative projects would undergo environmental review on a project-by-project basis to evaluate the site-specific archaeological sensitivity. Additionally, related projects would be subject to compliance with the established State and local regulatory framework, including the General Plan Update policies and actions, concerning the discovery of human remains on a project-by-project basis. The proposed Project’s comp liance with the regulatory framework regarding the discovery of human remains would reduce potential Project impacts to a less than significant level; thus, the Project’s incremental contribution to cumulative impacts to human remains would be less than cumulatively considerable.

E. ENERGY
Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.5.6, page 5.5-16) Explanation: As future development projects are received and reviewed by the City in

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subsequent years, those projects would be reviewed for consistency with the General Plan Update and all relevant State -level programs and requirements. All future projects would be required to implement the most current version of the Title 24 energy effic iency requirements, as required by State law. Consistency with the General Plan Update and other mandatory State -level programs would ensure that future project -level contributions to inefficient, wasteful or unnecessary energy use would be less than significant. Moreover, as identified above, buildout of the General Plan Update would not be expected cause an inefficient, wasteful, or unnecessary use of energy resources, nor conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy eff iciency. As a result, the proposed General Plan Update’s incremental contribution to cumulative energy impacts would be less than cumulatively considerable.

F. GEOLOGY AND SOILS
Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most re cent Alquist -Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault? Refer to Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.6.6, pages 5.6-38 through 5.6- 39)
Explanation: An Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone is not located within the Planning Area. However, there are a number of faults that intersect the Planning Area including the San Antonio Fault, the Sierra Madre Fault, and the Indian Hill Fault. As a result, future development resulting from implementation of the General Plan Update, combined with other related cumulative projects, may expose people or structures to potential adverse effects associated with a seismic event, including rupture of a known earthquake fault.

All future development projects would be required to comply with the provisions of the CBSC, General Plan, Municipal Code, and other State and local regulations. Subsequent development and infrastructure would also be analyzed for potential environmental impacts, consistent with the requirements of CEQA. All future projects are subject to CEQA review to address seismic safety issues and provide adequat e mitigation for existing and potential hazards identified. With the implementation of the policies and actions in the General Plan Update, as well as applicable State and City codes, potential impacts associated with a seismic event, including rupture of an earthquake fault, would not contribute to cumulative impacts and impacts in this regard are not cumulatively considerable.

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Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, directly or indirectly cause potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death involving strong seismic ground shaking or seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction? Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.6.6, pages 5.6 -39 through 5.6- 40)
Explanation: The Project proposes to update the La Verne General Plan. Future development and cumulative development would generally experience similar ground shaking associated with seismic activity when compared to current conditions. Additionally, potential impacts associated with liquefaction could occur within the Planning Area, as portions of the Planning Area are within a potential liquefaction zone.

However, future development and cumulative projects would be required to conduct site -specific geotechnical studies to determine the geotechnical feasibility of the specific development being proposed at that time. Any recommendations presented in the geotechnical study would be required to be incorporated into the design and construction of the future development.

The geotechnical study would include specific recommendations based on seismic design parameters for foundation design and general earthwork and grading, among other factors.

Future development would be required to comply with all applicable regulations in the most recent CBSC as amended by the Municipal Code, which would include design requirements to mitigate the effects of potential hazards associated with seismic ground sha king and liquefaction.

Therefore, the Project’s incremental effects involving exposure of people and structures to potential substantial adverse effects involving strong seismic ground shaking or seismic -related ground failure, including liquefaction, would not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.6.6, page 5.6-40) Explanation: Future development projects and cumulative development within the City and surrounding areas may contain soils that have erosion potential.

Implementation of construction activities associated with Project implementation and cumulative development projects would involve some land clearing, mass grading, and other ground -disturbing activities that could temporarily increase soil erosion rates during and shortly after future projects are constructed.

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Site-specific geology and soil conditions would be evaluated on a project - by-project basis. However, all future development associated with the proposed Project and cumulative projects within the City and region would be required to comply with stormwater runoff and pollution control requirements required by the RWQCB and implemented by the specific jurisdiction in which the development occurs. Construction activities within the City would be required to comply with the City’s Municipal Code which implements erosion and siltation control measures of the Construction General Permit, reducing potential impacts associated with soil erosion or the loss of topsoil during construction activities. Additionally, new development and redevelopment projects would be required to comply with postconstruction runoff pollution reduction BMPs implemented through the SWPPP. The proposed Project would be required to comply with the established regulatory framework identified in the Municipal Code regarding stormwater and runof f pollution control. Thus, the Project’s incremental effects involving substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil would not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result in on - or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction or collapse? Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.6.6, pages 5.6 -40 through 5.6- 42)
Explanation: Development allowed under the General Plan Update and other related cumulative projects could result in the exposure of people and structures to conditions that have the potential for adverse effects associated with ground instability or failure. Soils and geologic conditions in the Planning Area have the potential for landslides, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse.

Given the relatively level slopes throughout the southern and central portions of the Planning Area, the landslide potential in the Planning Area is low. However, the landslide potential increases in the northern portion of the Planning Area, which contain s areas with increased elevation changes (i.e., near the San Gabriel Mountains). Further, the northern portion of the Planning Area, generally north of Baseline Road, is more susceptible to earthquake induced landslides. Susceptibility becomes higher movin g northward, up into the foothills and San Gabriel Mountains. Ground shaking, especially when inducing liquefaction, may cause lateral spreading toward unsupported slopes. The greatest potential for lateral spreading in the Planning Area is in the hilly te rrain to the north. Further, the canyon bottom areas and flatter, southerly portions of the City, including a majority of the urban development areas, are most likely to have settlement occur during an earthquake event. The area designated as having the potential for

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liquefaction is located in the southern portion of the City, south of Arrow Highway, and in the northwest portion of the Planning Area, near San Dimas Wash. Existing alluvium within the Planning Area may be susceptible to collapse and excessive settlements , which could create the risk of hydroconsolidation if these soils were exposed to excessive moisture.

The geotechnical and soil characteristics of future development associated with the Project and any cumulative development within the City would be evaluated on a project -by-project basis, and appropriate mitigation measures would be required to reduce pot ential impacts associated with unstable geologic units or soils. As future development projects and cumulative development projects are considered by the City, each project will be evaluated for conformance with the CBSC, General Plan, Municipal Code, and other applicable regulations. Subsequent development projects and cumulative development projects would also be analyzed for potential environmental impacts, consistent with the requirements of CEQA. Future development projects would be required to have si te-specific geotechnical studies prepared and incorporated into the improvement design, consistent with the requirements of State and City regulations and codes. In addition to the requirements associated with the CBSC and the Municipal Code, the General P lan Update includes policies and actions to ensure that development projects address potential geologic hazards, that at -risk buildings and infrastructure is evaluated for potential risks, and that site - specific studies are completed for areas subject to l iquefaction. With the implementation of the policies and actions in the General Plan, as well as applicable State and City regulations and codes, the Project’s incremental effects involving unstable geologic units or soils would not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, be located on expansive soil, as defined in Table 18 -1-B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial direct or indirect risks to life or property?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.6.6, page 5.6-42) Explanation: Soils exposed to excessive moisture within the Planning Area could be at risk of hydroconsolidation; existing alluvium within the Planning Area may be susceptible to collapse and excessive settlements. The geotechnical and soil characteristics of future de velopment associated with the Project and any cumulative development within the City would be evaluated on a project-by-project basis and appropriate mitigation measures would be required to reduce potential impacts associated with unstable geologic units or soils.

Future development associated with implementation of the proposed Project

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would be required to prepare geotechnical studies for the specific site being proposed for development. Future development would comply with the CBSC and the Municipal Code, as well as the geotechnical study’s recommendations. Therefore, the Project’s incr emental effects involving expansive geologic soils would not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5. 6.6, pages 5.6-42 through 5.6- 43)
Explanation: The Planning Area has the potential to contain paleontological resources.

As discussed above, implementation of General Plan Resource Management Element Policy 3.9 would reduce potential impacts to paleontological resources associated with future Project construction activities to a less -than-significant level. There is the potential for cumulative project sites within the City to have soils that contain paleontological resources. Construction activities associated with those cumulative projects have the potential to directly or ind irectly destroy paleontological resources specific to those development sites. However, as with the Project, cumulative development would undergo environmental and design review on a project -by-project basis, pursuant to CEQA, to evaluate potential impacts to paleontological resources. All development projects would be subject to compliance with the established federal, State, and local regulatory framework concerning protection of paleontological resources. Where significant or potentially significant impa cts are identified, implementation of all feasible site -specific mitigation would be required to avoid or reduce such impacts. As such, the Project’s impacts would not be cumulatively considerable, and cumulative impacts to paleontological resources would be less than significant.

G. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
Threshold: Would the Project, combined with other related cumulative projects, generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment, or conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases?
Finding: Significant and Unavoidable. (Draft EIR, Section 5.7.6, page 5.7-42) Explanation: The topic of GHG emissions is inherently a cumulative impact. Though significance thresholds can be developed by air districts, as well as State and federal regulatory agencies, these thresholds and their related goals are ultimately designed to effect change at a global level. As demo nstrated in

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the analysis provided above, the proposed Project is not consistent with WRCOG’s plan to reduce GHG emissions below a specific threshold and would therefore have a significant and unavoidable impact even with the implementation of General Plan Update goals, policies, and actions.

H. HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, result in significant cumulative impacts with respect to hazards and hazardous materials?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.8.6, pages 5.8-52 through 5.8- 53)
Explanation: Construction of individual development projects allowed under the land use designations of the General Plan Update may involve the transportation, use, and/or disposal of hazardous materials, which may involve the use of equipment that contains hazardous m aterials (e.g., solvents and fuels or diesel-fueled equipment), or the transportation of excavated soil and/or groundwater containing contaminants from areas that are identified as being contaminated. Furthermore, because of the regional natur e of the General Plan Update, some future land uses could transport or use hazardous materials within one -quarter mile of a school, or other sensitive receptors such as hospitals and residences.

As with specific projects resulting from implementation of the General Plan Update, cumulative development would be required to evaluate individual hazards and hazardous materials impacts at the project -level. While some cumulative impacts would potentiall y occur in the region as individual projects are constructed, the General Plan Update policies and actions, as well as local, State, and federal regulations would reduce the risk to people associated with hazards and hazardous materials in the region. Considering the protection granted by local, State, and federal agencies and their requirements for the use of hazardous materials and other potential hazards in the region, as described above, the overall cumulative impact for hazards impacts would not be sig nificant. As a result, the General Plan Update’s incremental contribution to cumulative hazards and hazardous materials impacts would be less than cumulatively considerable.

I. HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY
Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, result in significant cumulative impacts with respect to hydrology and water quality?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.9-6, pages 5.9-41 through 5.9- 42)

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Explanation: For hydrology, cumulative impacts are considered for cumulative projects within the City and Los Angeles County region. The cumulative projects’ regional hydrologic setting would be similar; however, the local hydrologic setting, flood hazards, and subsurface soil conditions would vary according to the site location and specific conditions.

Cumulative hydrology and water quality impacts associated with implementation of the General Plan Update are analyzed based on development within the Planning Area and development served by facilities under the jurisdiction of the LACFCD. The General Plan Update does not propose site -specific development and would not significantly impact drainage courses and hydrologic flows throughout the Planning Area.

Construction of the individual development projects allowed under the land use designations of the proposed General Plan Update has the potential to result in construction-related water quality impacts and operational-related impacts to local waterways, an d cause flooding, erosion, or siltation from the alteration of drainage patterns. Individual projects would be evaluated on a project -by-project basis to ensure compliance with the General Plan Update policies and actions, as well as federal, State, and lo cal regulations to reduce hydrology and water quality impacts.

Subsequent development projects as a result of implementation of the General Plan Update could result in new impervious surfaces and could increase stormwater runoff volumes; however, the General Plan Update would not appreciably add to the volume of imper ious surfaces in the Planning Area. As individual projects are constructed, the General Plan Update policies and actions, as well as federal, State, and local regulations, would substantially reduce potential cumulative impacts. Considering the protection granted by local, State, and federal agencies and their permit and monitoring requirements, as discussed above, and with implementation of the policies and actions included within the General Plan Update, the overall cumulative impact would not be signific ant. As a result, the General Plan Update’s incremental contribution to cumulative hydrology impacts would be less than cumulatively considerable, and the cumulative impact would be less than significant.

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J. LAND USE AND PLANNING
Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, physically divide an established community?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.10.5, page 5.10-28) Explanation: Development of cumulative projects in the City of La Verne would be required to mitigate land use impacts on a project -by-project basis. Each project would be evaluated for consistency with the project site’s General Plan land use designation and zoning, adopted General Plan goals, policies, and actions, and other applicable regional land use plans, such as SCAG’s RTP/SCS. As analyzed above, the proposed General Plan Update would result in less than significant impact related to land use and re levant planning. Therefore, the incremental impact of the proposed Project, when considered in combination with development within the City and region, would not result in cumulatively considerable land use impacts.

The land uses allowed under the proposed General Plan provide opportunities for cohesive new growth at infill locations but would not create physical division within the community. The proposed General Plan Update does not include any new roadways, infrastructure, or other features that would divide existing communities. Each individual development project would b e reviewed to determine its consistency and compatibility with the surrounding area and its potential to physically divide an established community. As the Project would not physically divide an established community, the Project’s incremental effects woul d not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.1 0.5, pages 5.1 0-28 through

5.10-29)
Explanation: The proposed General Plan Update was prepared in conformance with State laws and regulations associated with the preparation of General Plans, including requirements for environmental protection. As demonstrated above, the proposed Project would not cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with a land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purposes of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect. The proposed General Plan Update carries forward and enhances policies and measures from the City’s existing General Plan that were intended for environmental protection, and would not remove or conflict with City plans, policies, or regulations adopted for environmental protection. The proposed

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General Plan Update would require modifications to the City’s Zoning Code to provide consistency between the General Plan and zoning; however, these modifications would not remove or adversely alter portions of the La Verne Municipal Code that were adopted to mitigate an environmental effect.

Similar to future development associated with the proposed Project, cumulative development projects would be evaluated for consistency with the project site’s General Plan land use designation and zoning; General Plan goals, policies, and actions; and other applicable plans for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect. As analyzed above, the proposed Project would not cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect. Thus, the proposed Project’s incremental effects would not be cumulatively considerable.

K. NOISE
Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, generate a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinanc e, or applicable standards of other agencies?
Finding: Less than significant . (Draft EIR, Section 5.1 1.6, page s 5.11-43 through

5.11-44)
Explanation: Transportation Noise Impacts
Table 5.11-11 shows the cumulative noise levels associated with traffic on the local roadway network, including projects within the Planning Area, as well as the significant impact criteria. Cumulative conditions include traffic due to 2045 buildout of the General Plan Update in addition to pass-through traffic from other jurisdictions. As shown in Table 5.11 -11, by the year 2045, existing land uses adjacent to the studied roadways would be exposed to noise levels that exceed the City's exterior standards of 65 dBA CNEL for sensitive uses. As indicated by Table 5.11 -11, the related traffic noise level increases with a circulation system buildout of the proposed 2045 General Plan Update are predicted to increase between 0.1 to 3.6 dB versus the existing (2017) conditions. As shown in Table 5.11-11, the traffic noise increases associated with the General Plan Update would not exceed the significant threshold. Implementation of the Project would therefore not result in a cumulatively considerable impact relative to traffic noise.

As discussed above, future development along the San Gabriel Subdivision and Pasadena Subdivision line could be exposed to unacceptable exterior

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noise levels. However, implementation of General Plan Update policies and actions would ensure that development allowed under the proposed General Plan Update is not exposed to noise levels associated with railroad operations in excess of the City’s established standards. Specifically, Policy PS-7.11 supports noise-compatible land uses in the vicinity of railroad noise sources and requires that new development and infrastructure projects be reviewed for consistency with the noise standards established in Tables PS- 1 and PS-2. Additionally, implementation of the General Plan Update would not increase the amount of rail traffic already occurring or planned for the area. Implementation of the Project would therefore not result in a cumulatively considerable impact relative to transportation noise.

Stationary Noise
While the Project does not explicitly propose any new noise-generating uses, implementation of the Project could result in the future development of land uses that generate noise levels in excess of applicable City noise standards for non-transportation noise sources. Implementation of land use planning and p olicies and actions can minimize cumulative noise impacts related to stationary sources by avoiding the placement of noise generating equipment near noise-sensitive land uses and where unavoidable, including design measures to the degree practicable to avo id violating the noise criteria presented in Table PS -1 of the General Plan Update. The General Plan Update includes policies and actions that are intended to reduce noise associated with stationary sources. Applicants of future development projects would be required to demonstrate compliance with the City’s Noise Ordinance and the policies and actions in the proposed General Plan Update Public Safety Element, including proposed Policy PS -7.6 and proposed Action PS-7. Conformance with the existing regulator y framework would reduce cumulative noise impacts from stationary noise sources to a less than significant level. Therefore, the proposed Project’s incremental contribution to cumulative impacts associated with stationary noise would not be cumulatively considerable.

Construction Noise
Short-term construction noise and vibration is a localized activity and would affect only land uses that are immediately adjacent to a specific project site.

Each construction project would have to comply with the local noise ordinance and General Plan Upd ate policies and actions, including Action PS-7, which requires all construction activity to comply with the limits established in the La Verne Municipal Code in order to reduce impacts associated with temporary construction noise to the extent feasible.

Additionally, projects would comply with mitigation measures that may be prescribed pursuant to CEQA provisions that require significant impacts to be reduced to the extent feasible. Further, it is unlikely that all construction projects would occur simulta neously within the City. Therefore, the

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proposed Project’s incremental contribution to cumulative impacts associated with construction noise would not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, generate excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels? Finding: Less than Significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.1 1.6, pages 5.1 1-44 through

5.11-45)
Explanation: Short-term construction noise and vibration is a localized activity and would affect only land uses that are immediately adjacent to a specific project site.

The General Plan Update includes policies and actions that are intended to reduce groundborne vibration and groundborne noise levels . In order to reduce potentially significant impacts related to groundborne vibration associated with construction activities of future site -specific development, project applicants would be required to comply with proposed General Plan Update Public Safet y Element Action PS -7, which require new development to minimize vibration impacts to adjacent uses during demolition and construction, as well as require new residential projects located adjacent to major freeways, hard rail lines, or light rail lines to follow the FTA vibration screening criteria. With implementation of the General Plan Update, potential significant impacts associated with the proposed Project related to construction vibration would be reduced to less than significant. Cumulative developm ent projects within the City would also be reviewed to ensure project-specific construction activities would not generate excessive groundborne vibration or noise levels. If it is determined that site -specific development associated with the cumulative pro jects would result in groundborne vibration or noise impacts, mitigation measures would be required to reduce the impact. As the Project’s potential for vibration impacts would be reduced to a less than significant level, the proposed Project’s incremental contribution to cumulative impacts associated with construction vibration would not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: For a project located within the vicinity of a private airstrip land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise?
Finding: Less than Significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.11.6, pages 5.11 -45 through

5.11-46)
Explanation: As discussed above, implementation of the General Plan could result in the creation of new noise -sensitive land uses within the 60 dB CNEL noise contours contained within the Brackett Field Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan. Excessive noise from an airpo rt is a localized activity

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and would affect only land uses that are immediately within vicinity of the airport.

The General Plan Update Public Safety Element includes policies and actions that are intended to reduce noise associated with the airport. General Plan Policy PS -7.2, Policy PS -7.11, and Action PS -7.5, identified above, are intended to minimize exposure to excessive noise, including noise associated with aircraft noise sources. Specifically, Policy PS -7.2 requires that sensitive facilities and uses be located in areas away from excessive noise unless proper mitigation is in place. Policy PS-7.11 supports working with Los Angeles County and Brackett Field to maintain noise from the airport at its current level. Action 7.2 requires new development and transportation projects be reviewed for compliance with the noise requirements established in the proposed Gen eral Plan, including the standards established in Table PS -1, and, where necessary, mitigate excessive noise through best practices. With the implementation of the General Plan Update policies and actions, the proposed Project’s incremental contribution to cumulative impacts associated with airport noise would not be cumulatively considerable.

L. POPULATION AND HOUSING
Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, induce substantial unplanned population growth in an area, either directly (for example, by proposing new homes, and businesses) or indirectly (for example, through extension of roads or other infrastructure)? Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.1 2.6, pages 5.1 2-18 through

5.12-20)
Explanation: Potential growth inducing impacts are assessed based on a project’s consistency with adopted regional plans that have addressed growth management. As discussed above, SCAG is the responsible agency for developing and adopting regional housing, population, and employment growth forecasts for local Los Angeles County governments. While no specific development projects are proposed as part of the La Verne General Plan Update, the Project proposes to accommodate future growth in La Verne, including new businesses, expansion of existing businesses, and new residential uses. Buildout of the General Plan Update could yield a total of up to 14,400 housing units, a population of 37,500 people, approximately 8 million square feet of non -residential building square footage, and 16,500 jobs within the Planning Area.

While Project population and housing projections are anticipated to exceed SCAG’s 2045 population and housing, the SCAG projections tend to be more accurate on a regional level than on a local or city level. It is likely that through a combination of marke t changes, catalytic projects, updated

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land use direction in the General Plan, and other factors, La Verne could capture either more or less of expected regional growth than forecasted by SCAG. Discrepancies between Project and regional forecasts are also caused by the RHNA process. SCAG’s Conn ect SoCal growth forecasts through 2045 do not consider the regional housing need for the 2021 -2029 period, as jurisdictional allocations were not known at the time of SCAG’s Connect SoCal adoption. Additionally, SCAG’s Connect SoCal 2024-2050 RTP/SCS Loca l Data Exchange (LDX) Process Data/Map Book for La Verne (November 2023), forecasts 12,702 households (i.e., occupied housing units) in 2050. Based on an existing vacancy rate of 3.2 percent, this would result in 13,108 housing units within the City. Although less than the buildout growth potential of 14,354 housing units accommodated by the General Plan Update, SCAG specifically acknowledges that “while Government Code 65080(b)(1)(B) et seq. comments on the relationship of the RTP/SCS to the RHNA, a specific requirement does not exist such that forecasted household growth at the jurisdictional level is numerically equivalent to a jurisdiction's RHNA” . Through the local data exchange process, it is anticipated that the regional housing needs would be considered as part of SCAG’s future growth forecasts. General Plan Update growth projections form the basis of SCAG’s planning and policy documents, including regional growth forecasts. Thus, the growth anticipated with the General Plan Update would be considere d in SCAG’s future growth forecasts for the City.

Further, development assumed by the Project combined with other related cumulative projects is expected to occur gradually over time through 2045; thus, any associated population and housing growth would occur gradually as external factors, such as economi c market demands, allow. Direct and indirect growth impacts would be evaluated on a case -by-case basis as individual projects are proposed within the Project Area. The La Verne General Plan includes goals, policies, and actions that require multiple planning review checks before Project approval; ensure adequate levels of public services and facilities; and require payment of fees to offset expansion of such services and facilities, in order to prevent substantial direct and indirect unplanned growth from arising. The proposed Land Use Element Goal LU-1 envisions a land use plan that supports a diverse, self - sufficient community that offers a variety of housing types, job opportunities, institutional uses, community facilities, commercial services, and recreational opportunities. Goal LU-2 seeks to thoughtfully plan for and manage desirable future growth within the City’s jurisdiction and its SOI.

Policy LU-2.1 balances quality development with adequate and equitable distribution of services, resources, and a menities throughout the City.

Policy LU -2.11 accommodates the appropriate level of residential and nonresidential growth for the San Gabriel Valley as determined by input made by the San Gabriel Valley Cities through SCAG projections. The proposed Community Services and Facilities Element includes Policy CSF-

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1.1 to ensure that new growth and development participates in the provision and expansion of community services and facilities, and does not exceed the City’s ability to provide them. Policy CSF -1.3 requires new development to offset or mitigate impacts to community services and facilities to ensure that service levels for existing users are not degraded or impaired by new development.

With implementation of General Plan goals, policies, and actions intended to guide growth to appropriate areas and provide services necessary to accommodate growth, the land uses and densities allowed under the proposed Project combined with other related cumulative projects would not contribute to cumulative impacts involving substantial unplanned population growth to the area and impacts are not cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, displace substantial numbers of existing people or housing, necessitating the construction of replacement housing elsewhere?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.12.6, page 5.12-20) Explanation: While no specific development projects are proposed as part of the La Verne General Plan Update, the Project proposes to accommodate future growth in La Verne, including new businesses, expansion of existing businesses, and new residential uses. Buildout o f the General Plan Update could yield a total of up to 14,400 housing units, a population of 37,500 people, approximately 8 million square feet of non -residential building square footage, and 16,500 jobs within the Planning Area.

As the Project does not propose any site-specific development at this time, no existing residents would be displaced. The proposed Project combined with other related cumulative projects are projected to increase the overall number of dwelling units and provide housing to serve the diverse needs of the community at various socioeconomic levels. Regardless, gradual development associated with the timeline of the Project, combined with other related cumulative projects, could involve potential displacement of existing residents. In eventual cases, development would adhere to Municipal Code Chapter 18.92 and other local, State, and federal regulations pertaining to tenants’ rights and forced displacement.

The General Plan Update establishes goals, policies, and actions to ensure the compatibility of new and existing development, including housing. The proposed Land Use Element Goal LU -1 envisions a land use plan that supports a diverse, self -sufficient comm unity that offers a variety of housing types, job opportunities, institutional uses, community facilities, commercial services, and recreational opportunities. Goal LU -2 seeks to thoughtfully plan for and manage desirable future growth within the City’s

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jurisdiction and its SOI. Policy LU -2.11 accommodates the appropriate level of residential and nonresidential growth for the San Gabriel Valley as determined by input made by the San Gabriel Valley Cities through SCAG projections. Goal LU -3 preserves and p rotects the City’s residential neighborhoods. Policy LU-3.1 maintains La Verne’s predominant land use of single family residential, while providing for a mix of housing types throughout the community for people of various ages and incomes.

As future development would be required to comply with all applicable local regulations established in the Municipal Code and General Plan, the Project’s incremental effects involving potential displacement of existing people and housing would not be cumulatively considerable.

M. PUBLIC SERVICES AND RECREATION
Threshold: Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services: Fire Protection and Emergency Services? Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.1 3.5, page s 5.13-49 through

5.13-50)
Explanation: The Project proposes to accommodate future growth in La Verne, including new businesses, expansion of existing businesses, and new residential uses.

New growth is anticipated to occur along the City’s major corridors (Arrow Highway and Foothill Boulevard) and around the new Metro L (Gold) Line Station. The Project allows for new residential development or increased residential development when compared to existing conditions potentially necessitating the need for increased fire protection servi ces and facilities.

Future residential development and cumulative development would generally require the same levels of fire protection and emergency services.

However, General Plan Update policies require that future residential development within the Planning Area, including cumulative projects, comply with local, State, and federal regulatory standards, such as the State Building and Fire Codes, as well as oth er applicable fire safety standards.

The General Plan Update policies assure that all future fire facilities associated with the implementation of the Project, combined with other relevant cumulative projects, would not result in substantial adverse physical or environmental impacts. Municipal Code Chapter 3.27, Fire development fees – Hillside development overlay zone, requires new hillside residential development to pay a construction and development fee in accordance with City. The fee is imposed on new hillside residential development for the purposes of assuring that the current level of service

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goals of the City are met with respect to additional demands placed on fire facilities from such development.

As part of the development review process, site development would be required to comply with standard LVFD conditions of approval. As per Municipal Code Chapter 15.32, Fire Code, LVFD reviews site plans and fuel modification plans to ensure that defensible space and fire safety are adequately met before development is approved. This includes plan review of the design details of the architectural, structural, mechanical, plumbing, and electrical systems.

Therefore, future development associated with the Project, combined with other relevant cumulative projects, would not have adverse impacts to fire protection and emergency services; the Project’s incremental impacts to fire protection and emergency services would not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services: Police Protection?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.1 3.5, pages 5.1 3-50 through

5.13-51)
Explanation: Future Project development and cumulative development would generally require the same levels of law enforcement services, indicating that additional LVPD resources may be needed.

All future development associated with the proposed Project and cumulative projects within the City would be required to adhere to local regulations pertaining to public service operations. General Plan Community Services and Facilities Element policies en sure that adequate public facilities and services are provided for the convenience and safety of each neighborhood in the City, as the City develops and reaches its build out potential.

As part of the development review process, LVPD would review site - specific development plans and applicants would be required to comply with any specific conditions related to safety and security specified by the LVPD. Project adoption would further allow LVPD to utilize the projected growth in population, dwelling units, and nonresidential development to effectively plan for increases in population and police protection service demand.

Therefore, future development associated with the Project, combined with

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other relevant cumulative projects, would not have adverse impacts to police protection services; the Project’s incremental impacts to police protection services would not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services: Schools?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.1 3.5, pages 5.1 3-51 through

5.13-52)
Explanation: Students generated by the implementation of the Project, combined with other relevant cumulative projects, would attend BUSD schools. Future Project development, in addition to cumulative development, would generally require the same levels of school services, indicating that additional BUSD resources and facilities may be needed.

All future residential development associated with the proposed Project and cumulative projects within the City would be required to adhere to local regulations pertaining to public service operations. The General Plan Update includes policies that ensure adequate public facilities and infrastructure, that support the needs of City, are provided. The General Plan Update also includes policies that require adequate fire protection and emergency services for new development, indicating that all new or expanded school facilities would need adequate services before approval.

Additionally, per California Government Code Section 65995, developer fees paid to BUSD would address any potential effects to schools. Pursuant to SB 50, payment of fees to the applicable school district is considered full mitigation for project impacts, including impacts related to the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain accep table service ratios, or other performance objectives for schools.

As individual development projects resulting from implementation of the General Plan Update, combined with other relevant cumulative projects, would be required to pay the statutory fees, so that school facilities can be constructed/expanded, if necessary, to accommodate future students, impacts would be less than significant. Thus, the Project’s incremental effects involving expansion of school facilities would not be cumulatively considerable.

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Threshold: Would the project result in substantial adverse physical impacts associated with the provision of new or physically altered governmental facilities, need for new or physically altered governmental facilities, the construction of which could cause significant environmental impacts, in order to maintain acceptable service ratios, response times or other performance objectives for any of the public services: Other Public Facilities? Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.13.5, page 5.13-52) Explanation: Future development projects resulting from implementation of the General Plan Update, including cumulative projects, would generally require the same levels of public facilities and services, indicating that additional public resources may be needed.

All future development resulting from implementation of the General Plan Update, including cumulative projects within the City, would be required to adhere to local regulations pertaining to public service operations. The General Plan Update includes policies that ensure adequate public facilities and infrastructure, that support the needs of City, are provided. The General Plan Update also includes policies that require adequate fire protection and emergency services for new development, indicating that al l new or expanded public facilities would need adequate services before approval.

General Plan Community Services and Facilities Element policies insure that adequate public facilities and services are provided for the convenience and safety of each neighborhood in the City.

Therefore, future development resulting from implementation of the General Plan Update, combined with other relevant cumulative projects, would not have adverse impacts to public facilities and services; the Project’s incremental impacts to public services would not be cumulatively considerable
Threshold: Would the project, combined with other relevant cumulative projects, increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.1 3.5, pages 5.1 3-52 through

5.13-53)
Explanation: The Project, combined with other relevant cumulative projects, would bring new residents to the City of La Verne. These new residents are expected to use existing park and recreational facilities, and this additional use may result in greater demands on parks and recreational facilities in the Planning Area such that deterioration of these facilities could occur or be accelerated.

Additionally, the additional demand on existing parks and recreational facilities would increase the need for maintenance and improvements.

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These improvements could have potential environmental impacts, although the exact impacts cannot be determined since the potential improvements are currently unknown. Future development resulting from implementation of the General Plan Update, including cu mulative development, would generally increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated, indicating that additional park and recreation resources may be needed.

All future development associated with implementation of the General Plan Update, including cumulative projects within the City, would be required to adhere to local regulations pertaining to parks and recreational facilities.

The General Plan Update inclu des proactive policies that support adding more recreation classes to meet the needs of the community as it grows and, require annual review of recreational programs in order to respond to the changing needs of the community. Future development associated with the implementation of the Project would also adhere to Municipal Code Chapter

3.20, Parks and recreation charges.

Compliance with established local regulations would assure parks and recreational facilities would not be overused to the point of substantial deterioration. Therefore, the Project’s incremental effects involving increased use of existing parks or other re creational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration would occur or be accelerated, would not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other relevant cumulative projects, include recreational facilities or require the construction or expansion of recreational facilities which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.1 3.5, pages 5.1 3-53 through

5.13-54)
Explanation: The Project, combined with other relevant cumulative projects, would bring new residents to the City of La Verne. These new residents are expected to use existing recreational facilities; this additional population may result in the need to construct or expand recreational facilities, which might have an adverse physical effect on the environment.

Construction of future parks and recreational facilities could result in environmental impacts, including disturbances or conversion of habitat, water pollution during construction, increased noise levels, and an increase in impermeable surfaces. At the ti me future recreational facilities are proposed, they would require project -specific environmental review and compliance with existing regulations that address potential environmental impacts related to the construction and operation of new parks.

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Additionally, new or expansion projects would be required to adhere to standards established in the General Plan Update and CEQA, further impeding construction activities from having an adverse physical effect on the environment. Future development resulting from implementation of the General Plan Update would adhere to Municipal Code Chapter 3.20, Parks and recreation charges.

Compliance with established local regulations would assure newly constructed or expanded recreational facilities resulting from implementation of the General Plan Update, including cumulative projects, would not have an adverse physical effect on the envir onment. Therefore, the Project’s incremental effects involving increased use of existing parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration would occur or be accelerated, would not be cumulatively considerable.

N. TRANSPORTATION
Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.1 4.6, page s 5.14-43 through

5.14-44)
Explanation: A significant cumulative impact would occur if the Project and cumulative projects conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities. Overall, the Project i s a programmatic land use plan and is not proposing any changes to the circulation system. Any future development within the City would be assessed for consistency with local policies and ordinances, including the City’s ATP, Municipal Code an d General Plan goals and policies, as appropriate. Therefore, the Project’s incremental contribution to cumulative impacts related to transit, roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities would not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, conflict or be inconsistent with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.3, subdivision (b)?
Finding: Significant and Unavoidable . (Draft EIR, Section 5.1 4.6, page s 5.14-44 through 5.14-45)
Explanation: A significant cumulative VMT impact would occur if the total SGVCOG Northeast Subarea VMT under the General Plan Update buildout conditions exceeds the total SGVCOG Northeast Subarea VMT under no project/existing General Plan conditions. As shown in Table 5.14-4, the

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total SGVCOG Northeast Subarea VMT under General Plan Update buildout conditions is estimated to be 9,037,571; the total SGVCOG Northeast Subarea VMT under no project/existing General Plan conditions is estimated to be 8,999,588. The total SGVCOG Northeast Subarea VMT under the General Plan Update buildout conditions would exceed the total SGVCOG Northeast Subarea VMT under no project/existing General Plan conditions. Therefore, the proposed Project would result in a significant cumulative VMT impact.

The proposed General Plan land use patterns and intensities, as well as its proposed policies, include a multitude of components that would reduce VMT. In addition to increased development in areas of projected high - quality transit service such as the futu re LA Metro A (Gold) Line station, the General Plan’s inclusion of the ATP provides for the implementation of facilities that would encourage walking and biking within and through La Verne. Individual development projects would also be required to conduct VMT analyses based on guidelines and thresholds established by the City, including mitigating significant VMT impacts through transportation demand management (TDM) strategies and other mitigation measures (Policy M -9.2). While such measures are likely to result in less than significant VMT impacts when considered at an individual project level, they cannot be guaranteed and it is not possible to fully quantify or mitigate VMT impacts for all potential development at a citywide level as part of a programmatic General Plan Update. In addition, the cumulative VMT impacts extend beyond the City’s boundaries, meaning that mitigation measures that would reduce regional VMT outside the La Verne planning boundaries cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, the Project’s cumulative VMT impacts would be considered significant and unavoidable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, substantially increase hazards due to geometric design features (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment)?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.14.6, page 5.14-45) Explanation: As described above, the types of uses that would be allowed as part of Project implementation are generally similar to existing and surrounding uses and thereby are compatible with the existing uses in the Planning Area and in the surrounding area. Additionally, site-specific developments would be reviewed by the City to ensure adequate ingress and egress would be provided and site distance standards would be implemented.

Implementation of the Project would therefore not contribute to a cumulatively considerable impact relative to an increase in hazards due to a geometric design feature.

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Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, result in inadequate emergency access?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.1 4.6, page s 5.14-45 through

5.14-46)
Explanation: A cumulatively significant project impact would occur if implementation of the Project with cumulative projects would result in inadequate emergency access. As noted, the Project does not propose site -specific development; emergency accessibility is typically assessed at the project level.

The applicant of any proposed development would be required to submit appropriate plans for plan review to ensure compliance with zoning, building, and fire codes prior to the issuance of a building permit. The LVFD would review all development projects for access requirements, minimum driveway widths, fire apparatus access roads, fire lanes, signage, access devices and gates, access walkways, among other requirements to ensure adequate emergency access would be provided to and within the site.

Therefore, the proposed Project’s incremental contribution to cumulative impacts relative to emergency access would not be cumulatively considerable.

O. TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES
Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, result in significant cumulative impacts with respect to tribal cultural resources? Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.1 5.6, page 5.15-12 through

5.15-13)
Explanation: Tribal cultural resource impacts are site specific and generally do not combine to result in cumulative impacts. Construction of the individual development projects allowed under the land use designations of General Plan Update may result in the discovery and removal of tribal cultural resources. The General Plan Update policies and actions, as well as federal, State, and local regulations, would reduce the risk to tribal cultural resources in the region. As discussed above, each future development project with the potential to impact tribal cultural resources would require a resource assessment and coordination with Native American tribes, per AB 52, to determine the potential for tribal cultural resources and identification of mitigation measu res to reduce potential impacts associated with each proposed project. Other policies and actions designed to reduce impacts to tribal cultural resources within the Planning Area and the region as a whole are also described above. Adherence to these polici es, actions, and regulations will avoid and/or minimize a cumulative loss of these important resources, if they are found during project-specific surveys or construction.

Therefore, the General Plan Update’s incremental contribution to

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cumulative tribal cultural resource impacts would be less than cumulatively considerable.

P. UTILITIES AND SERVICE SYSTEMS
Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded water facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects, or have suff icient water supplies available to serve the project and reasonably foreseeable future development during normal, dry and multiple dry years?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.16.5, page 5.16-57) Explanation: Cumulative water impacts are analyzed in terms of impacts to the City of La Verne and GSWC San Dimas System’s water supplies and facilities.

Implementation of the General Plan Update, along with other cumulative projects, would increase demand for water se rvices within the City of La Verne and GSWC San Dimas System service area. It is required that every urban water supplier assess the reliability to provide water service to its customers under normal, dry and multiple dry water years. As indicated above, all water service providers in the Project Area have concluded in their respective UWMPs, which includes not only the Planning Area, but the surrounding jurisdictions as well, that they will be able to meet projected future water demands under normal, dry, and multiple dry water years.

Future development projects accommodated through General Plan Update implementation would be evaluated by the City on a project -by-project basis to determine impacts to water supplies and infrastructure. The continued assessment of individual projects for impacts to the water supply system would assure projects would only be approved if adequate water supplies exist at the time of their implementation. All future development projects and related cumulative projects would be subject to all applicable federal, State, and local laws, ordinances, and regulations in place for water supply and infrastructure. Therefore, implementation of the General Plan Update would not result in cumulatively considerable water supply and infrastructure impacts.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded wastewater facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects, or resu lt in a determination by the wastewater treatment provider which serves or may serve the project that it has adequate capacity to serve the project’s projected demand in addition to the provider’s existing commitments?

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Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.1 6.5, pages 5.1 6-57 through

5.16-58)
Explanation: Implementation of the General Plan Update, along with other cumulative projects, would increase demand for wastewater services within the sewer service area. Wastewater services in La Verne are managed by the LACSD, which is a partnership of 24 independent special districts that serve the wastewater needs of approximately 5.5 million people in Los Angeles County. As discussed above, the total amount of projected wastewater flow from the City’s service area to the Pomona WRP or the San Jose Cree k WRP, where the City’s sewer water is treated and/or disposed of, for the year 2045 would be approximately 2.5 MGD. The current capacity for the Pomona WRP facility is 15 MGD of wastewater and it currently handles an average daily effluent flow of 5.87 MGD. The current capacity for the San Jose Creek WRP is 100 MGD of wastewater and it currently handles an average daily effluent flow of 62.9 MGD. Conservatively assuming all wastewater from the City flows to one wastewater facility, the additional

0.4 MGD o f City wastewater flows anticipated under the General Plan Update would increase flows to the Pomona WRP by less than three percent of its maximum capacity and the San Jose Creek WRP by less than one percent of its maximum capacity. Therefore, the ultimate capacity of both the Pomona WRP and San Jose Creek WRPs would be able to meet the projected wastewater production from the City under the General Plan Update. The LACSD wastewater facilities have a total remaining capacity of 266.06 MGD to accommodate fut ure growth of individual development projects and related cumulative projects. The General Plan Update does not include specific development proposals; individual development projects would be required to verify that existing capacity exists to convey and treat the potential wastewater generated with the new development. At the time future wastewater facilities are proposed, they would require a separate environmental review and compliance with regulations in existence at that time, addressing potential environmental impacts related to the construction and operation of new wastewater facilities. Additionally, the General Plan Update includes goals, policies, and actions to ensure adequate wastewater services and facilities. Therefore, implementation of the G eneral Plan Update would not result in cumulatively considerable impacts to wastewater services and facilities.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded stormwater facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.16.5, page 5.16-58) Explanation: Implementation of the General Plan Update along with other cumulative projects would increase demand for stormwater services within the Project

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Area. As discussed above, the General Plan Update does not include specific development proposals; therefore, the environmental effects of future storm water drainage facilities are unknown at this time. At the time future stormwater facilities are propose d, they would require a separate environmental review and compliance with regulations in existence at that time would address potential environmental impacts related to the construction and operation of new stormwater facilities. Additionally, the General Plan Update includes goals, policies, and actions to ensure adequate stormwater service and facilities. Therefore, implementation of the General Plan Update would not result in cumulatively considerable impacts to stormwater services and facilities.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, generate solid waste in excess of State or local standards, or in excess of the capacity of local infrastructure, or otherwise impair the attainment of solid waste reduction goals, and comply with Federal, state, and local management and reduction statutes and regulations related to solid waste? Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.1 6.5, pages 5.1 6-58 through

5.16-59)
Explanation: Implementation of the General Plan Update, along with other cumulative projects, would increase demand for solid waste collection and disposal services. The City, along with cities and County lands in the surrounding area, would continue to use common land fill resources, thereby gradually reducing the capacity of local landfills.

As noted above, the General Plan Update does not include specific development proposals; however, the increase in solid waste generation due to future individual and cumulative development projects together could significantly impact solid waste resources. Individual development projects and related cumulative projects would be required to meet current recycling goals, reducing the amount of solid waste requiring disposal at landfills.

Future developments would be reviewed on a project -by-project basis and solid waste impacts would be evaluated based on existing and planned disposal facilities and capacities available at that time.

In addition, all future development would be required to comply with the mandatory commercial and multifamily recycling requirements of AB 341, thus reducing the amount of landfill waste. Furthermore, the General Plan Update goals, policies, and actions de scribed below would reduce the demand for solid waste disposal. Therefore, the contribution of the General Plan Update to cumulative impacts associated with increased solid waste would not be cumulatively considerable.

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Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, require or result in the relocation or construction of new or expanded electrical, natural gas, or telecommunications facilities, the construction or relocation of which could cause significant environmental effects? Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.16.5, page 5.16-59) Explanation: Implementation of the General Plan Update along with other cumulative projects would increase demand for electrical, natural gas, and telecommunications services within the Project Area. As noted above, the General Plan Update does not include specific dev elopment proposals; individual development projects would be required to verify that electric power, natural gas, and telecommunications usage generated with the new development would not create significant environmental impacts.

Therefore, th e contribution of the General Plan Update to cumulative impacts associated with increased electric power, natural gas, and telecommunications would not be cumulatively considerable.

Q. WILDFIRE
Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, substantially impair an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5. 17.6, page s 5.17-26 through

5.17-27)
Explanation: While no site-specific development is currently proposed, the General Plan Update would allow a variety of new development, including residential, commercial, industrial, and public service projects, which would result in increased jobs and population in t he Planning Area. Future development combined with cumulative development could impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan. Construction activities associated with Project implementation and cumulative development projects would involve some land clearing, mass grading, and other construction activities that could temporarily interfere with emergency response plans or emergency evacuation plans. Highways and major arterials within the City generally serve as the primary routes for evacuation. However, evacuation routes would depend upon the emergency event and location. LVPD is charged with identifying appropriate routes and assisting residents leaving the City in the event an evacuation. The City continues to co ordinate with LVFD, LACoFD, and LVPD to provide ongoing education to residents about how to safely evacuate in the event of an emergency.

As site -specific development is not proposed as part of the Project, it is unknown if implementation of the Project would involve the removal of

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existing driveways or the construction of new driveways or any associated improvements, such as curb, gutter, and sidewalks. Proposed development would be required to submit appropriate plans for plan review to ensure compliance with zoning, building, and fire codes prior to the issuance of a building permit. Proposed developments would be required to comply with all applicable CBC and Fire Code requirements and would submit construction plans to the LVFD for review and approval prior to issuance of any building permit. Approval by LVFD would ensure that construction and operation would not impair implementation of or physically interfere with the City’s NHMP or CWPP. Thus, the Project’s incremental effects involving potential impairment to emergency plans w ould not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, due to slope, prevailing winds, and other factors, exacerbate wildfire risks, and thereby expose project occupants to pollutant concentrations from a wildfire or the uncontrolled spread of a wildfire?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.17.6, pages 5.17 -27 through

5.17-28)
Explanation: Future development resulting from the General Plan Update implementation, including cumulative development, would allow development to place additional people and/or structures in areas that are identified as having a significant risk of wildland fires. Any future projects contemplated under the General Plan Update, and all other relevant cumulative projects, would be required to comply with the provisions of federal, State, and local requirements related to wildland fire hazards, including Sta te fire safety regulations associated with WUIs, fire -safe building standards, and defensible space requirements as part of a project’s approval process.

As future developments are considered by the City, each project would be evaluated for potential impacts, on a project -by-project basis, associated with wildland fire hazards as required under CEQA. Furthermore, future Project development and cumulative de velopment would be subject to all applicable City regulations, reviews, and requirements pertaining to emergency response, emergency access, and maintaining emergency evacuation routes, including Municipal Code Chapter 18.68. All projects would also be subject to all applicable CBC and Fire Code requirements, as well as further CEQA analysis of project -specific impacts for individual development projects. As such, implementation of future development and cumulative development will not substantially alter t he slope, prevailing winds, or other factors that would increase exposure to City residents, employees, or visitors to increased pollutant concentrations from wildfire or result in the uncontrollable spread of a wildfire. Thus, the Project’s incremental effects involving exposure to wildfire pollutants would not be

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cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, require the installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure (such as roads, fuel breaks, emergency water sources, power lines, or other utilities) that may exacerbate fire risk or that may result in temporary or ongoing impacts to the environment?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.17.6, page 5.17-28) Explanation: Development in or near FHSZs could require additional construction and installation of infrastructure, including roads, water and sewer connections, and power lines. The potential for future projects, combined with relevant cumulative projects, to impact environmental resources to meet compliance with fire development standards, such as fuel breaks and clearance requirements, would require environmental evaluation under CEQA to identify any site -specific impacts. Any development projects propos ed within the City would be required to comply with the CBC and PRC to ensure that new developments have access to necessary utilities and that additional utility construction complies with all applicable code requirements. With adherence to State and loca l regulations, Project development, combined with other relevant cumulative development, would result in less than significant impacts. Thus, the Project’s incremental effects involving installation or maintenance of associated infrastructure would not be cumulatively considerable.

Threshold: Would the project, combined with other related cumulative projects, expose people or structures to significant risks, including downslope or downstream flooding or landslides, as a result of runoff, post -fire slope instability, or drainage changes?
Finding: Less than significant. (Draft EIR, Section 5.17.6, pages 5.17 -28 through

5.17-29)
Explanation: Development from the General Plan Update, combined with cumulative development, would allow for projects that would involve some land clearing, grading, and other ground -disturbing activities that could temporarily increase soil erosion rates during and shortly after project construction. All future developments located in or adjacent to hillsides are to adhere to State and local regulations, including the standards established in Municipal Code Chapter 18.68.

Further, all Project development and cumulative development in the hillside areas is subject to review and approval by the Fire Chief for compliance with those aspects of the hillside development overlay zone designed to reduce fire hazards. Subsequent dev elopment and infrastructure projects would also be analyzed for potential environmental impacts, consistent with

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the requirements of CEQA. Additionally, as portions of the Planning Area are susceptible to flooding hazards, all future development and cumulative development would comply with applicable federal, State, regional and local plans, policies, and regulations . Future development projects would be required to include project -specific flood control measures, production of storm water plans, and implementation of BMPs.

With adherence to applicable State and local development codes and regulations established in the Municipal Code, future Project development, combined with other relevant cumulative development, on sloped terrain prone to flooding, landslides, and instabil ity, will not have adverse effects on the environment. Thus, the Project’s incremental effects involving downslope or downstream flooding or landslides risks would not be cumulatively considerable.

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SECTION VI

FINDINGS REGARDING SIGNIFICANT IRREVERSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL

CHANGES
Sections 15126(c) and 15126.2(d) of the CEQA Guidelines require that an EIR address any significant environmental changes and irreversible environmental changes that would occur should the project be implemented. Determining whether the proposed Project would result in significant irreversible effects requires a determination of whether key resources would be degraded or destroyed such that there would be little possibility of restoring them. Irretrievable commitme nts of resources should be evaluated to assure that such current consumption is justified. These topics are discussed in Sections 6.1 and 6.2 of the EIR and are summarized below.

Consumption of Nonrenewable Resources
The environmental impacts associated with implementation of the General Plan Update are analyzed in Section 5.0 of the Draft EIR . Future development would consume limited, slowly renewable and non -renewable resources. This consumption would occur during each individual project’s construction phase and would continue throughout its operational lifetime. Future development would require a commitment of resources that would include: (1) building materials; (2) fuel and operational materials/resources; and (3) the transportation of goods and persons to and from individual development sites. Construction would require the consumption of resources that are not renewable or which may renew so slowly as to be considered non -renewable. These resources would include the following construction supplies: lumber and other forest products; aggregate materials used in concrete and asphalt; metals; and water. Fossil fuels such as gasoline and oil would also be consumed to power construction vehicles and equipment.

Development accommodated through implementation of the General Plan Update would consume resources which would be similar to those currently consumed within the City (i.e., energy resources such as electricity and natural gas, petroleum -based fuels required for vehicle - trips, fossil fuels, and water). Fossil fuels would represent the primary energy source associated with both construction and ongoing operation, and the existing, finite supplies of these natural resources would be incrementally reduced. Futu re development operations would occur in accordance with California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 24, Part 6, which sets forth conservation practices that would limit energy consumption. Nonetheless, the proposed project’s energy requirements would repre sent a long -term commitment of essentially non -renewable resources.

Construction activities associated with implementation of the General Plan Update could release hazardous materials into the environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions; refer to Section 5.8, Hazards and Hazardous Materials of the Draft EIR. All potential demolition, grading, and excavation activities would be subject to the established regulatory framework to ensure that hazardous materials are not released into the environment.

Compliance with the established regulatory framew ork and mitigation measures would protect against a significant and irreversible environmental change resulting from the accidental release of hazardous materials.

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In addition, there is the potential that individual future development projects would use and store limited amounts of potentially hazardous materials typical; refer to Section 5.8 of the Draft EIR. All future development activities requiring the routine use, storage, transport, or disposal of hazardous materials would be subject to all applicable federal, State, and local regulations and standards in place for hazardous materials. Compliance with these regulations and standards would protect against significant and irreversible environmental changes due to the accidental release of hazardous materials.

In conclusion, future construction and operations would result in the irretrievable commitment of limited, slowly renewable, and nonrenewable resources, which would limit the availability of these resource quantities for future generations or for other use s during the life of the individual developments. It is noted that the continued use of such resources would be on a relatively small scale in a regional context.

Irretrievable Commitments/Irreversible Physical Changes Implementation of the General Plan Update would result in a commitment of land uses designated for the foreseeable future. Land use and development consistent with the General Plan Update would result in irretrievable commitments by introducing development onto sites that are presently undeveloped and/or development that is more intense, in some instances, than what is existing. Development would physically change the environment in terms of aesthetics, air emission, noise, and traffic. These physical chang es are irreversible after development occurs.

Therefore, the General Plan Update would result in changes in land use within the Planning Area that would commit future generations to these uses.

In summary, the General Plan Update includes an extensive policy framework that is designed to address land use and environmental issues to the greatest extent feasible, while allowing growth and economic prosperity for the City. However, even with the policies and actions that would serve to reduce potential significant impacts, the General Plan Update would result in significant irreversible changes. This impact is considered a significant and unavoidable impact under CEQA.

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SECTION VII

GROWTH-INDUCING IMPACTS
Section 15126.2(e) of the CEQA Guidelines requires a Draft EIR to evaluate the growth- inducing impacts of a proposed action. The State CEQA Guidelines do not provide specific criteria for evaluating growth inducement. Growth -inducing impacts fall into two general categories:
direct or indirect. Direct growth-inducing impacts are generally associated with new residences or businesses that could induce population growth directly. Indirect growth-inducing impacts provide urban services, such as the extension or roads or other infrastructure, to an undeveloped area that could induce population growth indirectly. This topic is discussed in Section 6.3 of the EIR and is summarized below.

In general, a project may foster spatial, economic, or population growth in a geographic area if it results in any of the following:
• Removal of an impediment to growth (e.g., establishment of an essential public service and provision of new access to an area);
• Fostering of economic expansion or growth (e.g., changes in revenue base and employment expansion);
• Fostering of population growth (e.g., construction of additional housing), either directly or indirectly;
• Establishment of a precedent-setting action (e.g., an innovation, a change in zoning and general plan amendment approval); or
• Development of or encroachment on an isolated or adjacent area of open space (being distinct from an infill project).

Should a project meet any one of the above -listed criteria, it may be considered growth inducing.

The Planning Area and surrounding area are fully developed and urbanized. Transportation and infrastructure exists to serve the range of residential and non -residential uses within the surrounding area. The General Plan Update does not introduce new roadways or new or significantly expanded infrast ructure that would provide for additional development within the surrounding area. Potential infrastructure improvements associated with future site -specific development would not remove obstacles to growth since the Planning and surrounding area are already served by existing utility providers and potential improvements would be to serve the specific development being proposed. As the General Plan Update would not establish an essential public service or provide new access to an area, the proposed Project would not be considered growth-inducing.

In addition to residential uses, the Project anticipates the development of commercial uses within the Planning Area. The construction of future development projects would result in construction-related jobs. However, construction activities and durations would vary depending upon the specific development and would be temporary in respect to each individual development site and therefore, would not be considered growth-inducing.

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Project operations would introduce new residents and jobs to the Planning Area. Future development associated with implementation of the General Plan Update would primarily consist of infill development and redevelopment of already developed sites. New residential development could occur and greater densities, providing additional housing opportunities that would further support commercial and retail uses within the City. Additional non-residential development would provide for new employment opportunities. Residents and employees would seek shopping, entertainment, employment, and other economic opportunities in the City and surrounding area.

This could create an increased demand for goods and services that would encourage the creation of new businesses or the expansion of existing businesses. Although economic growth is anticipated within the Planning Area, significant economic growth resulting in the potential to significantly affect the environment is not anticipated as the surrounding area is urbanized.

As shown in Table 3-4 of the Draft EIR buildout of the General Plan Update through 2045 could yield up to 3,942 new housing units and 808,864 square feet of new non-residential building square footage within the Planning Area. Project implementation would exceed the population projections anticipated by SCAG’s growth forecasts . While Project growth projections are anticipated to exceed SCAG’s 2045 population, SCAG’s projections, which are compiled using a number of sources including adopted plans, historical trends, and interviews with local jurisdictions, tend to be more accurate on a regional level than on a local or city level.

Discrepancies between Project and regional forecasts can also be attributed to the RHNA process.

The General Plan Update is intended to implement the City’s 2 021-2029 Housing Element; SCAG’s Connect SoCal growth forecasts through 2045 do not consider the regional housing need for the 2021 -2029 period, as jurisdictional allocations were not known at the time of SCAG’s Connect SoCal adoption. The regional housing needs and associated General Plan growth projections will be included as part of SCAG’s future growth forecasts.

Although the Project would allow for currently unplanned population growth anticipated in the existing General Plan and by SCAG, th e Draft EIR identifies General Plan Update goals, policies, and actions, where appropriate, that would serve to reduce or eliminate potentially significant impacts associated with specific environmental issues associated with growth. Sections

5.1 through 5.20 in the Draft EIR provide a discussion of environmental effects associated with development allowed under the General Plan Update. With implementation of General Plan Update goals, policies, and actions intended to guide growth to appropriate areas and provide services necessary to accommodate growth, the land uses allowed under the General Plan Update, the infrastructure ant icipated to accommodate proposed land uses, and the goal and policy framework would not induce growth that would exceed adopted thresholds. Therefore, population and housing growth associated with the General Plan Update would result a less than significan t impact.

The General Plan is a long -term plan intended to accommodate projected population, housing, and employment growth, including the appropriate balance among these factors with the necessary public services and infrastructure. The proposed General Plan Update would serve as a comprehensive, long-term plan for the physical development of La Verne. The proposed General Plan Update would only regulate future land development within the Planning Area and would not induce growth within areas outside of the City’s j urisdiction. Any future development within the Planning Area would be reviewed in light of the General Plan and this General Plan Update EIR

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pursuant to CEQA on a project-by-project basis. Future development would be required to comply with the goals, policies, and actions intended to reduce potential environmental impacts associated with future site -specific development. Thus, Project implemen tation would not involve a precedent-setting action that could significantly impact the environment.

The Planning Area is located within an urbanized area. Park and open space resources within the City are limited and primarily associated with parks and schools. The Project does not propose modifications to these existing resources and would not result in encroachment into these areas. The Project would not be growth -inducing with respect to development or encroachment into an isolated or adjacent area of an existing open space.

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SECTION VIII

ALTERNATIVES
A. BACKGROUND
Section 7 of t he Draft EIR analyzed two alternatives to the Project as proposed and evaluated these alternatives for their ability to avoid or reduce the Project’s significant environmental effects while also meeting the majority of the Project’s objectives. This section sets forth the potential alternatives to the Project analyzed in the EIR and evaluates them in light of the Project objectives , which include specific economic, legal, social, technological, and other considerations (CEQA Guidelines 15091(a)(3)), as required by CEQA.

Where significant impacts are identified, section 15126.6 of the State CEQA Guidelines requires EIRs to consider and discuss alternatives to the proposed actions. Subsection (a) states:
(a) An EIR shall describe a range of reasonable alternatives to the project, or to the location of the project, which would feasibly attain most of the basic objectives of the project but would avoid or substantially lessen any of the significant effects of the project, and evaluate the comparative merits of the alternatives. An EIR need not consider every conceivable alternative to a project. Rather it must consider a reasonable range of potentially feasible alternatives that will foster informed decision -making and public participation. An EIR is not required to consider alternatives which are infeasible. The lead agency is responsible for selecting a range of project alternatives for examination and mus t publicly disclose its reasoning for selecting those alternatives. There is no ironclad rule governing the nature or scope of the alternatives to be discussed other than the rule of reason.

Subsection 15126.6(b) states the purpose of the alternatives analysis:
(b) Because an EIR must identify ways to mitigate or avoid the significant effects that a project may have on the environment (Public Resources Code Section 21002.1), the discussion of alternatives shall focus on alternatives to the project or its location which are capable of avoiding or substantially lessening any significant effects of the project, even if these alternatives would impede to some degree the attainment of the project objectives, or would be more costly.

In subsection 15126.6(c), the State CEQA Guidelines describe the selection process for a range of reasonable alternatives:
(c) The range of potential alternatives to the proposed project shall include those that could feasibly accomplish most of the basic objectives of the Project and could avoid or substantially lessen one or more of the significant effects. The EIR should briefly describe the rationale for selecting the alternatives to be discussed. The EIR should also identify any alternatives that were considered

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by the lead agency but were rejected as infeasible during the scoping process and briefly explain the reasons underlying the lead agency’s determination.

Additional information explaining the choice of alternatives may be included in the administrative record. Among the factors that may be used to eliminate alternatives from detailed consideration in an EIR are: (i) failure to meet most of the basic project objectives, (ii) infeasibility, or (iii) inability to avoid significant environmental impacts.

The range of alternatives required is governed by a “rule of reason” that requires the EIR to set forth only those alternatives necessary to permit a reasoned choice. The EIR shall include sufficient information about each alternative to allow meaningful evaluation, analysis, and comparison with the proposed Project. Alternatives are limited to ones that would avoid or substantially lessen any of the significant effects of the Project. Of those alternatives, the EIR need examine in detail only the ones that the lead agency determines could feasibly attain most of the basic objectives of the Project.

B. PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The following objectives have been established for the Project ( Draft EIR, pages 3-4 through 3-5):

1. Reflect the current goals and vision and address issues and concerns expressed by City residents, businesses, decision-makers, and other stakeholders;

2. Celebrate La Verne's family-oriented environment, character, and sense of community;

3. Provide a range of high-quality housing options;

4. Accommodate new growth around the future Metro A (Gold) Line Station and along the community's transportation corridors;

5. Support the initiatives of community partners including the University of La Verne;

6. Attract and retain businesses and industries that provide high-quality and high-paying jobs so that residents can live and work in La Verne;

7. Expand retail opportunities to provide better local services and increased sales tax revenues;

8. Continue to maintain the road network and improve active transportation opportunities;

9. Maintain strong fiscal sustainability and continue to provide efficient and adequate public services; and

10. Address new requirements of State law.

C. ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED BUT REJECTED FROM DETAILED

ANALYSIS
Section 15126.6(c) of the State CEQA Guidelines specifies that an EIR should (1) identify alternatives that were considered by the lead agency but were eliminated from detailed consideration because they were determined to be infeasible during the scoping process; and (2) briefly explain the reasons underlying the lead a gency’s determination. Among the factors that may be used to eliminate alternatives from detailed consideration in an EIR are: (i) failure to meet most of the basic project objectives; (ii) infeasibility; and/or (iii) inability to avoid significant environmental impacts.

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There were no alternatives considered but rejected from detailed analysis in the EIR.

D. EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES SELECTED FOR ANALYSIS
The alternatives selected for further detailed review within the EIR focus on alternatives that could potentially reduce the Project’s significant environmental impacts, while still meeting most of the basic Project objectives. Those alternatives include:
• Alternative 1: No Project Alternative/Existing General Plan (Draft EIR, pages 7-6 through 7-18)
• Alternative 2: Reduced Growth Alternative (Draft EIR, pages 7-18 through 7- 29)

1. Alternative 1: No Project Alternative
Description: Under Alternative 1, the City would continue to implement the existing General Plan and no changes would be made to address updated OPR General Plan Guidelines, or the requirements of State law. Since adoption of the existing General Plan, State legislation has been passed requiring the City to address new safety and circulation requirements in the General Plan and to further address greenhouse gas emissions .

Additionally, the City recently updated its 2021 -2029 Housing Element (adopted in February 2022), and the existing General Plan does not conform to State requirements regarding planning for future housing growth . The General Plan goals, policies, and actions, as well as the Land Use Map, would not be updated to address the vision and concerns of the City’s residents, property owners, decision-makers, and other stakeholders that actively participated in the visioning and goal and policy development process.

Alternative 1 would not include updated policies, particularly those related to housing, greenhouse gases, hazards, complete streets, and environmental justice to address environmental health concerns for disadvantaged communities, as required by State law .

This alternative would not include policies proposed in the General Plan Update to ensure protection of environmental resources, both at a project level and under cumulative conditions, consistent with the objectives of CEQA.

Impacts: As shown in Draft EIR Table 7-4, Alternative 1 would result in the same impacts as the proposed Project for the environmental issues of: Agricultural Resources, Hydrology and Water Quality, and Mineral Resources. Alternative 1 would result in reduced impacts to Air Quality, Energy, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Noise, Public Services and Recreation, Transportation, Utilities and Service Systems, and Irreversible Effects. Alternative 1 would result in increased impacts to Aesthetics, Biological Resources, Cultural Resources, Geology and Soils, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, Land Use and Planning, Population and Housing, Tribal Cultural Resources, and Wildfire. This alternative would fail to reduce any significant and unavoidable impacts to a less than significant level.

Attainment of Project Objectives : This alternative would not meet most of the Project objectives, including the following: reflect the current goals and vision expressed by City residents, businesses, decision-makers, and other stakeholders; address issues and concerns

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identified by city residents, businesses, decision-makers, and other stakeholders; celebrate La Verne's family -oriented environment, character, and sense of community ; provide a range of high-quality housing options; accommodate new growth around the future Metro A (Gold) Line Station and along the community's transportation corridors; support the initiatives of community partners including the University of La Verne; attract retail opportunities to provide better local services and increased sales tax revenues; continue to maintain the road network and improve active transportation opportunities; maintain strong fiscal sustainability and continue to provide efficient and adequate public services; and address new requirements of State law.

Finding: The City Council rejects Alternative 1: No Project Alternative/Existing General Plan, on the following grounds, which provides sufficient justification for rejection of this alternative: (1) the alternative fails to meet most of the Project objectives; (2) the alternative fails to avoid or reduce the Project’s significant and unavoidable impacts to a less than significant level; (3) this alternative fails to comply with State law specific to General Plan requirements; and (4) this alternative would not provide the necessary residential densities for housing development to allow the City to meet its RHNA obligations and could be cause for HCD’s approval of the Housing Element to be rescinded.

2. Alternative 2: Reduced Growth Alternative
Description: Alternative 2 (Reduced Growth Alternative) continues to allow for new development of residential and non -residential development, like those included in the proposed Project, but with less anticipated residential growth than reflected in the proposed General Plan Update The goals, policies, and actions of the General Plan Update would apply to subsequent development, planning, and infrastructure projects under this alternative. This Alt ernative was developed to reduce the severity of potential impacts related to air quality, greenhouse gas emissions, and total vehicle miles traveled, as overall development of residential uses within the Planning Area would be less than what would be anticipated under the proposed Project.

Alternative 2 would result in approximately 287 fewer housing units and 588 fewer residents within the Planning Area when compared to the proposed General Plan Land Use Map. Nonresidential development potential and employment opportunities would remain the same under this alternative when compared to the proposed General Plan Update.

Impacts: As shown in Draft EIR Table 7-4, Alternative 2 would result in the same impacts as the proposed Project for the environmental issues of: Aesthetics, Agricultural Resources, Biological Resources, Cultural Resources, Geology and Soils, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, Hydrology and Water Quality, Land Use and Planning, Mineral Resources, Population and Housing, Transportation, Tribal Cultural Resources, and Wildfire .

Alternative 2 would result in reduced impacts to Air Quality, Energy, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Noise, Public Services and Recreation, Utilities and Service Systems, and Irreversible Effects . Alternative 2 would have no increased impacts for any of the environmental issues. This alternative would fail to reduce any significant and unavoidable impacts to a less than significant level.

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Attainment of Project Objectives: Alternative 2 would not meet some of the Project objectives, including: allow for a range of high-quality housing options; and accommodate new growth around the future Metro A (Gold) Line Station and along the community's transportation corridors.

Finding: The City Council rejects Alternative 2: Reduced Growth Alternative, on the following ground, which provides sufficient justification for rejection of this alternative:
(1) the alternative fails to meet all of the Project objectives; (2) the alternative fails to avoid or reduce the Project’s significant and unavoidable impacts to a less than significant level; and (3) this alternative would not be consistent with the planned residential densities in the 2021-2029 Housing Element and could be cause f or HCD’s approval of the Housing Element to be rescinded.

E. ENVIRONMENTALLY SUPERIOR ALTERNATIVE
Section 15126.6(e)(2) of the State CEQA Guidelines indicates that an analysis of alternatives to a proposed Project shall identify an environmentally superior alternative among the alternatives evaluated in an EIR. Based on the alternatives analysis contained within the Draft EIR, Alternative 2 (Reduced Growth Alternative) is identified as the Environmentally Superior Alternative.

Alternative 2 (Reduced Growth Alternative) is the environmentally superior alternative as it is the most effective in terms of overall reductions of impacts compared to the proposed General Plan Update and Alternative 1 (No Project Alternative/Existing General Plan). Alternative 2 meets most of the Project objectives. Like the proposed Project, Alternative 2 reflects the current goals and vision expressed by City residents, businesses, decision -makers, and other stakeholders; addresses issues and concerns identified by City residents, businesses, decision-makers, and other stakeholders; protects La Verne ’s existing residences, character, and sense of community; encourages mixed -use development patterns that promote vibrant commercial and residential areas; attracts and retains businesses and industries that provide jobs for local residents; continues to m aintain and improve multimodal transportation opportunities; and maintains strong fiscal sustainability and continue s to provide efficient and adequate publi c services . However, the alternative fails to meet several Project objectives, including: proactively plan for and accommodate local and regional growth in a responsible manner; allow for a range of high-quality housing options; address new requirements of State law; and address emerging transportation, housing, and employment trends. In addition, Alternative 2 fails to avoid or reduce the Project’s significant and unavoidable impacts to a less than significant level and would not be consistent with the planned residential densities in the 2021 -2029 Housing Element and could be cause for HCD’s approval of the Housing Element to be rescinded. Therefore, City Council rejects the environmentally superior alternative.

SECTION IX

ADOPTION OF STATEMENT OF OVERRIDING CONSIDERATIONS
Pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21081(b) and State CEQA Guidelines Section 15093(a), the City Council must balance, as applicable, the economic, legal, social, technological, or other benefits of the Project against its unavoidable environmental risks in determining whether

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to approve the Project. If the specific benefits of the Project outweigh the unavoidable adverse environmental effects, those environmental effects may be considered acceptable.

Having reduced the adverse significant environmental effects of the Project to the extent feasible through the implementation of the General Plan Update goals, policies, and actions ; having considered the entire administrative record on the Project; the City Council has weighed the benefits of the Project against its unavoidable adverse impacts after mitigation in regards to air quality and greenhouse gas emissions. While recognizing that the unavoidable adverse impacts are significant under CEQA thresholds , the City Council nonetheless finds that the unavoidable adverse impacts that will result from the Project are acceptable and outweighed by specific social, economic and other benefits of the Project.

In making this determination, the factors and public benefits specified below were considered. Any one of these reasons is sufficient to justify approval of the Project. Thus, even if a court were to conclude that not every reason is supported by substanti al evidence, the City Council would be able to stand by its determination that each individual reason is sufficient. The substantial evidence supporting the various benefits can be found in the preceding findings, which are incorporated by reference into t his section, and in the documents found in the Records of Proceeding.

The City Council therefore finds that for each of the significant impacts which are subject to a finding under CEQA Section 21081(a)(3), that each of the following social, economic, and environmental benefits of the Project, independent of the other benefi ts, outweigh the potential significant unavoidable adverse impacts and render acceptable each and every one of these unavoidable adverse environmental impacts:

1. The General Plan Update promotes more compact, environmentally-sustainable, and equitable development through goals , policies, and actions that balance the need for adequate infrastructure, housing, and economic vitality with the need for resource management, environmental protection, and preservation of quality of life for La Verne residents.

2. The General Plan Update implements principles of sustainable growth by concentrating new development and intensification of existing urban uses primarily along key commercial and transportation corridors, thereby providing opportunities for a diverse mix of uses while maintaining the City’s existing single family residential neighborhoods.

3. The General Plan Update provides a land use map that accounts for existing development, physical constraints, economic development, hazards, and incompatible uses , and assigns densities and use types accordingly to enhance the safety, livability, and economic vitality of La Verne.

4. The General Plan Update improves mobility options through the development of a multi - modal transportation network that enhances connectivity, supports community

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development patterns, limits traffic congestion, promotes public and alternative transportation methods, and supports the goals of adopted regional transportation plans.

5. The General Plan Update addresses adverse environmental effects associated with global climate change by facilitating sustainable development, promoting energy efficiency, conserving natural resources, and promoting mixed-use development patterns that reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

6. The General Plan Update enhances the local economy and provides opportunities for future jobs and business development commensurate with forecasted growth by planning for a mix of residential and commercial development near existing urbanized areas and transportation corridors.

7. The General Plan Update is the product of a comprehensive public planning effort driven by members of the general public, members of the General Plan Advisory Committee, city stakeholders, the Planning Commission and the City Council through numerous surveys, public meetings, hearings , and workshops that resulted in a thoughtful balance of community, economic, social, and environmental interests.

RESOLUTION NO. __

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LA VERNE APPROVING THE

CITY OF LA VERNE GENERAL PLAN UPDATE AND MAKING CERTAIN FINDINGS WHEREAS, Government Code Section 65300, et seq. requires the City of La Verne (“City”) to adopt and maintain a General Plan that contains certain elements, describes its long- term goals, and develop policies and programs to achieve those goals; and WHEREAS, the City last updated its General Plan in 1998 to guide the physical development of the City; and
WHEREAS, the General Plan has been periodically amended, including updates to the Housing Element as required by State law; and
WHEREAS, in June of 2017, the City Council approved a professional contract with De Novo Planning Group to prepare a comprehensive update to the City’s General Plan; and WHEREAS, the City Council created the General Plan Advisory Committee (“GPAC”) to oversee the preparation of the General Plan and provide recommendations to the City Council; and
WHEREAS, the City has sought to proactively engage the public in the update to the General Plan, including three visioning workshops, pop-up events, online surveys, social media posts, community open houses, 11 GPAC meetings, a joint meeting of the Planning Commission and City Council; and various briefings to the Planning Commission and City Council throughout the duration of the Project; and
WHEREAS, the City Council accepted the Community Vision Statement and provided comments on the Proposed Land Use Definitions and Land Use Plan on March 4, 2019; and WHEREAS, pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”) (California Public Resources Code §§ 21000, et seq.) and the State CEQA Guidelines (14 California Code of Regulations, §§15000, et seq.), the City prepared an Environmental Impact Report (“EIR”) to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with implementation of the La Verne General Plan Update (referred to as “General Plan Update”); and WHEREAS, prior to adopting this Resolution, the City Council adopted Resolution No.

XXX certifying the EIR for the General Plan and Zoning Ordinance Update, making findings required by CEQA, and adopting a Statement of Overriding Considerations; and WHEREAS, the General Plan Update contains State-mandated elements of Land Use, Open Space, Conservation, Safety, Noise and Circulation as well as optional Economic Development, Community Services, Community Design, Fiscal Sustainability, and Community Health and Wellness Elements; and
WHEREAS, an Existing Conditions Report, which is not an official part of the adopted General Plan, was prepared in support of the General Plan Update and contains background information relevant to the General Plan Elements; and

WHEREAS, the existing Housing Element adopted by the City Council on November 21, 2022 (2021-2029 Housing Element of the General Plan) will remain in full force and effect following adoption of the General Plan Update; and
WHEREAS, each Element of the General Plan Update contains the diagrams, data, analysis, standards and policies required by State law; and the degree of specificity and level of detail for each Element of the General Plan Update reflects local conditions and circumstances; and
WHEREAS, the General Plan Update and its Elements comprise a logical, integrated, internally consistent and compatible statement of goals, policies and objectives; and WHEREAS, the City released the Public Review Draft General Plan on August 8, 2024 and invited comments on it from August 8, 2024 through September 23, 2024; and WHEREAS, the General Plan Update is in the public interest because it plans for future growth through orderly development, ensures adequate public services and facilities are available to the public, and supports fiscal sustainability by encouraging economic prosperity; and
WHEREAS, the City received comments on both the Public Review Draft General Plan Update and the Draft EIR and has provided those comments to the Planning Commission and City Council for consideration as part of the public hearing process; and WHEREAS, the staff report accompanying this Resolution is found to be true, and incorporated by reference into this Resolution; and
WHEREAS, the Planning Commission for the City of La Verne is responsible for reviewing updates to the General Plan and forwarding a recommendation to the City Council on the adoption or amendment; and
WHEREAS, on October 9, 2024, the Planning Commission conducted a duly noticed public hearing to consider the EIR for the Project and the General Plan Update; and WHEREAS, at the close of the public hearing the Planning Commission adopted Resolution No. 1329 recommending that the City Council approve this General Plan Update; and
WHEREAS, on November 13, 2024 the Airport Land Use Committee (ALUC) conducted a consistency review of the proposed City of La Verne General Plan Update and determined it to consistent with the Brackett Field Airport ALUCP; and WHEREAS, on December 10, 2024 the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection reviewed and approved the Draft Safety Element Update; and
WHEREAS, the City Council held a duly, noticed public hearing on this Project on January 21, 2025; and
WHEREAS, all other legal prerequisites to the adoption of this Resolution have occurred.

NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LA VERNE DOES HEREBY RESOLVE, DETERMINE, FIND AND ORDER AS FOLLOWS:

SECTION 1. The above recitals are true and correct and are incorporated herein by reference as substantive findings of this Resolution.

SECTION 2. Based upon its adoption of Resolution No. ______, the City Council finds that adoption of the General Plan Update complies with CEQA, for the reasons more particularly set forth in Resolution No. ________.

SECTION 3. Based on the entire record before the City Council and all written and oral evidence presented, including the staff report, and the information contained in the General Plan Update and EIR, the City Council makes the following findings:

1. All of the Elements of the General Plan Update provide for and promote overall goals, objectives and policies that are consistent with each other, integrated, and internally consistent; and

2. The General Plan Update’s amendments to the General Plan are integrated and each Element, as amended, is compatible with all other Elements of the General Plan, including the Housing Element, in that it will not conflict with, nor affect the implementation of, policies and programs in the various Elements therein.

3. The General Plan Update’s amendments to the General Plan are reasonably related to the public health, safety and welfare because they guide and accommodate land uses, housing and circulation infrastructure in accordance with current law, community need, and future demand.

SECTION 4. Based upon the entire record before the City Council and the findings set forth herein, the City Council of the City of La Verne hereby approves and adopts the General Plan Update.

SECTION 5. The documents and materials that constitute the record of proceedings on which this Resolution has been based are located at City Hall, 3660 D St, La Verne, CA 91750.

The custodian for these records is the City Clerk.

SECTION 6. In accordance with Government Code section 65357, the City Council hereby directs staff to make available at City Hall, within one working day following the adoption of this Resolution, a copy of the General Plan Update, including all diagrams and text.

SECTION 8. This Resolution shall become effective 30 days after adoption.

SECTION 9. The Mayor shall sign and the Deputy City Clerk shall attest to the passage of this resolution.

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this this 21st day of January 2025 by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:
___________________________________
Mayor Tim Hepburn, City of La Verne
ATTEST:
______________________________
Debora Fritz, Deputy City Clerk

Visioning and Values Workshop
Summary Linked Below
Cityoflaverne.org/generalplandocuments

Existing Conditions Report Linked
Below
Cityoflaverne.org/generalplandocuments

Community Profile Linked Below
Cityoflaverne.org/generalplandocuments

Vision Statement Linked Below
Cityoflaverne.org/generalplandocuments

Proposed General Plan Policy Document
Linked Below
Cityoflaverne.org/generalplandocuments

Final General Plan EIR Linked Below
Cityoflaverne.org/generalplandocuments

DRAFT General Plan EIR Linked Below
Cityoflaverne.org/generalplandocuments

RESOLLMON NO.1329
A RESOLUTION OF THE PLANNING COMMISSION OF THE CIry OF LA VERNE,

CALIFORNIA, RECOMMENDING THAT THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LA VERNE CERTIFY A FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL TMPACT REPORT (SCH #202304A002), ADOpr

ENVIRONMENTAL FINDINGS AND ADOPT A STATEMENT OF OVERRIDING

CONSIDERATIONS PURSUANT TO THE CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT

FOR THE CITY OF LA VERNE GENERAL PLAN AND ZONING ORDINANCE UPDATE AND

ALSO RECOMMENDING THAT THE CITY COUNCIL APPROVE THE GENERAL PLAN UPDATE
WHEREAS, the City of La Verne (the "City") proposes the La Verne General Plan Update (the "Project" or the "General Plan Update"), the first comprehensive update to the City's existing General Plan since 1998; and
WHEREAS, the General Plan Update sets the framework for the City's continued growth and progress for the next twenty years and 2045 is assumed to the buildout year of the General Plan; and
WHEREAS, Sections 2.48.020 through 2.48.165 of the La Verne Municipal Code empower the Planning Commission to recommend appropriate legislation to the City Council regarding the orderly growth, development, and environmental character of the community; and WHEREAS, Sections 65453 et seq. of the California Government Code authorize the Planning Commission to consider and recommend action to the City Council concerning general plan changes; and
WHEREAS, a notice of public hearing was published in the lnland Valley Daily Bulletin; and
WHEREAS, Government Code Section 65300 ef seq. requires the City of La Verne ("City") to adopt and maintain a General Plan that contains certain elements, describes its long- term goals, and develop policies and programs to achieve those goals; and WHEREAS, pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act ("CEQA') (California Public Resources Code SS 21000 et seg.) and the State CEQA Guidelines (14 Catifornia Code of Regulations, $$15000 ef seg.), the City prepared an Environmentat lmpact Report ("ElR") to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with implementation of the La Verne General Plan Update (referred to as "General Plan Update"); and WHEREAS, in accordance with the requirements of CEQA, the EIR sufficiently analyzes the General Plan Update's potentially significant environmental impacts and a range of feasible alternatives capable of reducing these effects to an even lesser of significance; and WHEREAS, during the public review and comment period, the City consulted with and requested comments from all responsible and trustee agencies, other regulatory agencies, and others pursuant to State CEQA Guidelines section 15086, and the City received twenty-one comment letters on the Draft EIR; and

WHEREAS, on Octobet 9,2024, the Planning Commission conducted a duly noticed public hearing on the matters set forth in this Resolution, at which time all persons wishing to testify were heard and the Project was fully considered; and WHEREAS, all other legal prerequisites to the adoption of this Resolution have occurred.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE PLANNTNG COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF LA VERNE:

SECTION 1. The above recitals are true and correct and are incorporated herein by reference as substantive findings of this Resolution.

SECTION 2. Based upon the entire record before the Planning Commission and the findings set forth herein in the attached DRAFT City Council Resolutions, the Planning Commission of the City of La Verne hereby recommends the City Council certify the Final EIR for the General Plan and Zoning Ordinance Update, make the findings required by the California Environmental Quality Act, adopt a statement of overriding considerations, and approve the General Plan Update..

SECTION 3. The documents and materials that constitute the record of proceedings on which this Resolution has been based are located at City Hall, 3660 D St, La Verne, CA 91750.

The custodian for these records is the City Clerk. This information is provided pursuant to Public Resources Code section 21081 .6.

SECTION 4. This Resolution shall become effective upon its adoption SECTION 5. Signature. The Chairperson shall sign, and the Secretary shall attest to the adoption of Resolution No. 1329.

APPROVED AND ADOPTED this ninth day of October 2024, by the Planning Commission at La Verne, California.

ATTEST
Secreta ning Commission

City of La Verne,City Council
Agenda Report

DATE: January 21, 2025
TO: Honorable Mayor and City Council
FROM: Eric Scherer, Community Development Director
SUBJECT: INCIDENTAL OUTDOOR SIDEWALK DINING AND FURNITURE POLICY.

SUMMARY
The City previously established a policy regulating the placement of tables and chairs and other displays within the public right-of-way, or sidewalk areas in the Old Town La Verne area. This policy was put into place just before the Covid pandemic and was never fully implemented.

Based on previous CIty Council direction, staff has updated this policy and is bringing forward for City Council approval based on a recommendation from the Old Town La Verne Business Improvement District's Advisory Board.

RECOMMENDATION
The Old Town La Verne Business Improvement District's Advisory Board is recommending that the City Council approve the policy regulating outdoor dining and furniture displays within sidewalk areas.

DISCUSSION
In late 2019, the City had adopted a policy relating to the use of public sidewalks in the Old Town La Verne area. As the City began an educational campaign to ensure that businesses were in compliance with the policy, the Covid pandemic began. Over that time, all rules on outdoor dining and displays were relaxed, especially with the temporary closure of D Street. In addition, the state relaxed rules relating to the sale of alcohol outside of a businesses normally permitted areas, allowing for alcohol sales within the public right-of-way.

When the City Council voted to re-open D Street to vehicles, it also permitted any business to apply for a permit to create a parklet within parking spaces in the street. Only one business applied for such a permit, Cafe Wang, whose patio remains in place. The Old Town La Verne Business Improvement District's Advisory Board (District) voted 3-2 to recommend that the City Council revoke the permit for the parklet at the end of 2024. At their meeting on June 17th, after receiving and hearing significant public comment on the outdoor patio, the Council gave direction to staff to bring an updated policy for outdoor dining and furniture displays, including regulations on parklets, back for review and extended the approval of the parklet to June 30, 2025.

The draft policy document is relatively the same as the one that was adopted in 2019. The updating of this policy was a collaboration of multiple City Departments and the highlights include:

Incidental Outdoor Sidewalk Dining and Furniture Policy. , Page 2

• All businesses allowed up to 2 tables and 4 chairs and 6 square feet of display furniture with a permit and applicable insurance.
• Businesses are allowed to have more than that provided they enter a lease agreement with the City and pay a monthly fee based on square feet. • Businesses with alcohol sales will pay $0.90 per square feet and those without will pay $0.70 in the first year of their new agreement with annual adjustments per CPI thereafter on a 5-year lease.
• Parklets will be permitted to occupy up to 20% of the parking spaces on each block and on each side of the street but will also pay an additional $250 per parking space occupied annually on top of the lease agreement for the removal of public parking. This will be on a first come, first serve basis.
• Parklets will have specific design requirements to ensure the safety of those utilizing the space.

The draft application packet was emailed out to all Old Town La Verne businesses and property owners on file on December 24th and a copy was hand delivered to those businesses who are currently utilizing the sidewalk areas and/or that have current lease agreements for the use of City property on December 26th. The District held a meeting on January 6th where the policy was discussed. The District Board voted 3-0 (Walters and Henderson absent) to recommend the policy to the City Council with the addition of the requirement that a maximum of 20% of the parking spaces on each side of a street on each block could be used for a parklet.

In addition to the use of public sidewalks, several existing businesses in Old Town currently have lease agreements to use City property for outdoor dining. Most of these are currently on month-to-month agreements or are set to expire soon. The new agreements with these businesses will be brought up to the cost per square foot consistent with those who are utilizing sidewalk space with a lease agreement.

As recommended, if the City Council approves this policy, staff will work with Old Town businesses who wish to lease portions of the sidewalk and those already occupying City property to enter into new multi-year lease agreements at the updated rates that would go into effect on July 1, 2025. These lease agreements would be brought back to the City Council for approval before they go into effect.

FISCAL ANALYSIS
There will be additional revenue collected with re-negotiated and future lease agreements, but those specific dollars are unknown at this time.

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
Not applicable.

LEGAL REVIEW
This report and the policy document has been approved by the City Attorney.

ATTACHMENTS

1. Incidental Outdoor Dining Policy - DRAFT AR 122 010925

Incidental Outdoor Sidewalk Dining and Furniture Policy. , Page 3

2. Draft Outdoor Dining Struture Permit 122424

NUMBER: 122 ISSUED:_________
EFFECTIVE DATE: __________
SUBJECT: Incidental Outdoor Dining and Decorative Furniture Policy I. PURPOSE: The City of La Verne’s General Plan encourages pedestrian amenities to enhance the experience of Old Town La Verne. Outdoor dining and the appropriate placement of decorative furniture for use and display is an effective approach to activate the public sidewalk, and further an enjoyable and intimate pedestrian experience. Standards for incidental outdoor dining and furniture located within the public right-of-way have been provided to maintain consistency throughout the Old Town area.

II. GENERAL POLICY: Outdoor dining and placement of decorative furniture shall only be allowed as an incidental use to an established business within the Old Town La Verne Specific Plan zoning district area and limited to the sidewalk of the public right-of-way.

III. PERMIT REQUIRED: It shall be unlawful for any person who owns, supervises, controls, or is responsible for any restaurant, business, or property within the Old Town La Verne area to place incidental chair(s), bench(es), table(s), or decorative furniture within the public right-of-way without obtaining a permit through the City.

A. Fees Required:

Related fees shall be established by resolution of the City Council.

IV. REQUIREMENTS:

A. Definitions:

1. Incidental | Outdoor dining areas and decorative furniture which does not exceed more than four chairs and two tables or decorative furniture not exceeding six square feet in area and used to display items provided within the business.

2.Building frontage area | The linear distance of the façade of a building along the lot frontage and measured from the edge of a building or tenant space to the edge of the building or tenant space.

Administrative Regulation, Incidental Use Policy, page 2

3. Decorative furniture | Limited to merchandise sold by the business, such as clothing racks, or decorative items which are related to or complement the goods and services sold by the business. Signage, such as A-frame signs, are considered under this policy as decorative furniture with the stipulation that all signs receive City approval prior to placement.

B. General Standards:

1. A minimum five-foot wide continuous path maintained for pedestrian traffic which is consistent with accessibility access requirements per the California Building Code.

2. Incidental outdoor areas shall be continuously supervised by management or employees of the business to ensure the
required path of travel is kept clear.

3. All entrances and emergency exits shall be kept clear.

4. All Fire Department requirements shall comply with the California Fire Code and requires the Fire Marshal’s approval.

5. Decorative furniture used or displayed is limited to an area of six square feet and placed parallel to and within the building frontage area.

6. Incidental outdoor areas may have no more than a single row of table(es) and chair(s) parallel to the building frontage.

7. Incidental outdoor uses shall not extend beyond the
boundaries of the business’ building frontage area.

8. All items placed outside shall be removed each evening, by the close of business, unless otherwise approved by staff.

9. All signage is subject to separate procedures identified in Title 17 of the La Verne Municipal Code.

10. The City or other utility agencies reserve the right to remove any outdoor dining or decorative furniture for utility access.

Administrative Regulation, Incidental Use Policy, page 3

11. No services are provided outdoors in conjunction with any outdoor use, except for table service of food in conjunction with the provisions within this administrative regulation.

12. Applicants shall submit an Outdoor Dining/Decorative Furniture Permit (Exhibit A) for approval of an incidental outdoor uses.

13. All tables and chairs shall be of sturdy construction, made of good quality materials, and designed to complement the
character of the old town La Verne streetscape.

14. Alcoholic beverages are not to be served in an incidental outdoor area without approval.

15. No outdoor storage is permitted in conjunction with any incidental outdoor use.

16. Any entertainment in an incidental outdoor area shall require the business obtain an entertainment permit from the
Community Development Department.

17. Incidental outdoor uses which are within the standards and requirements identified within this Administrative Regulation are not required to provide additional parking beyond that which is otherwise required for the primary use.

18. The business owner shall provide general liability insurance naming the City of La Verne as “additional insured” as
provided on the application form.

19. Any approval granted pursuant to this policy may be modified or revoked at any time and for any circumstances the City deems appropriate, including failure to comply with policy guidelines herein and/or failure to comply with local, State, or Federal laws and regulations. Upon notification by the City of La Verne, the business owner shall remove all improvements and uses and return the premises to its previous condition.

V. ADDITIONAL STANDARDS:

A. Any existing lease or agreement with a business or property owner for encroachment within the public right-of-way shall be considered separate from these standards.

Administrative Regulation, Incidental Use Policy, page 4 B. Any proposed use (parklet) of existing public parking spaces in a parking lot or on a street will be subject to additional requirements and shall be limited to a maximum of 20% of the existing spaces in a parking lot or those spaces on each side of a street for each City block.

C. Any other proposal by a business or property owner within the Old Town La Verne Specific Plan area, which is greater than the standards indicated within the administrative regulation would be subject to the La Verne Municipal Code.

D. Anything beyond two tables, four chairs, and six square feet of merchandising or business goods shall be reviewed by the City Council via a separate lease agreement (per business).
________________________________ __________________________ City Manager Date
Exhibits:

A. Outdoor Dining/Decorative Furniture Permit Application

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