Att 2-Responses and Final Recommendations — Laguna Beach City Council, March 24, 2026

COVER MEMORANDUM
Date: February 25, 2026
To: Laguna Beach City Council;
Dave Kiff, City Manager;
Urban Forestry Interested Parties List
From: Mark A. McAvoy, Director of Public Works & Utilities Subject: Response to Public Comments and Final Recommendations for (5) Public Tree Removals and (9) Public Tree Plantings
On February 10, 2026, the Public Works & Utilities Department issued several recommendations for the removal of five public trees and planting of nine public trees at various locations. • Recommendation for Tree Planting of (1) Torrey pine at the Festival of Arts property as an in-kind replacement for a previously failed tree at the same planting location. • Recommendation for Removal and Replacement of (1) Torrey pine tree at the Festival of Arts property. Existing tree is in severe irreversible decline. • Recommendation for Removal and Replacement of (1) structurally compromised Carob tree at 264 Legion St. This location is not suitable for replacement planting; therefore, a replacement tree planting is recommended at the nearby Catalina Roundabout. • Notice of Tree Removal for (1) dead Aleppo pine tree near 31788 Florence Avenue. • Recommendation for Removal of (2) Ficus trees along Short Street, adjacent to 585 Legion Street, and planting of (2) queen palm trees as replacements. • Recommendation for (4) new Tree Plantings within the landscaped median at Virgina Park Drive. These trees were selected in collaboration with several adjacent residents.

In accordance with the City of Laguna Beach Tree Removal and Replacement Policy for Public Trees, the Public Works Department has accepted public comments for seven calendar days and is providing the attached responses to all questions received during this period.

Attachments: Response to Public Comments
Final Recommendations for Public Tree Removals and Plantings Attachment 2
8 Responses to Public Comments for Recommended Tree Removals and Tree Plantings

1. Q: Is the carob tree at 264 Legion Street a public tree, or a tree that is privately owned and maintained?
A: The Carob tree in front of 264 Legion Street is a public tree. It was privately maintained by the adjacent property owner until July 2025. In July 2025, the adjacent property owner and the City mutually agreed to transfer ongoing maintenance responsibility to the City.

2. Q: Could pruning be performed on the canopy of the carob tree at 264 Legion Street to reduce weight on the leaning side of the tree?
A: Although additional pruning could be performed to reduce canopy weight on the leaning side of the carob tree, this would not sufficiently mitigate the risk of future tree failure and its potential threat to public safety. Peripheral sapwood fibers provide most of a tree’s load-bearing strength, and decay affecting these outer fibers results in a disproportionate loss of structural capacity. Because this tree has significant sapwood decay and compromised peripheral sapwood, adequate structural integrity cannot be restored through pruning, and removal is recommended to mitigate the risks associated with tree failure. Additional information can be found in the attached Arborist Report.

3. Q: Have advanced diagnostics been conducted on the root system of the carob tree at 264 Legion Street to determine whether it is structurally capable of supporting the tree? A: No, there is no evidence pointing to significant defects of this tree’s root system. City staff were concerned about the tree’s structural integrity along its trunk; therefore, advanced diagnostics were performed on the trunk, not the roots. Both resistograph testing and sonic tomographic imaging were conducted to evaluate internal wood condition within the trunk and determine the extent of decay in that area. The results of which are included in the attached Arborist Report.

4. Q: What diagnostic testing has been conducted on the Torrey Pine that is recommended for removal adjacent to the tennis court on the Festival of Arts property? What treatment is recommended to revive this tree?
A: Diagnostic testing included a Level 2 visual assessment and laboratory analysis of soil and foliage samples collected during an on-site inspection to identify underlying stressors and pathogens. Additionally, the tree shows symptoms consistent with ghost canker, a recently emerging pine disease. Although the pathogen was not detected in limb samples, symptom expression suggests possible early-stage involvement or susceptibility. There is currently no established treatment protocol for ghost canker. Recommended management is limited to stress reduction and sanitation practices for pruning tools.

Maintenance treatments such as crown cleaning, irrigation adjustments, mulching, and soil remediation were recommended only to prolong retention, not to cure the tree. As there are no feasible ways to protect targets during an inevitable failure, removal is the only feasible option to adequately mitigate the risks associated with future tree failure. 9 5. Q: Will the City consider planting larger-canopy species in the Virginia Park Drive median? Why can’t we plant oaks or sycamores?
A: City staff and neighboring residents worked together to identify 2 species of ornamental and medium shade trees for the Virgina Park Drive median. We believe these trees are species that represent the neighboring community’s desired tree palette and can be easily maintained by City staff.

6. Q: Why is there a dead stump in the Virginia Park Drive median? Please remove it.

A: This stump was intentionally left in place at the request of an adjacent resident following the removal of a dead public tree. Because no replacement planting was recommended for this location, the request was approved and the stump was retained as a desired landscape feature.

7. Q: Why are palm trees being planted to replace Ficus trees on Short Street? They provide little shade and are aesthetically unattractive.

A: Queen palms are the recommended street parkway tree for Short Street as identified in the Laguna Beach Landscape and Scenic Highways Resource Document.

8. Q: Can the City plant a replacement Carob tree nearby, potentially by expanding the curb or sidewalk to create adequate planting space in the current location? A: No, it is not feasible. The existing configuration within the public right of way is inadequate to replant a tree due to several conflicts with pedestrian path of travel within the public right of way. In order to properly plant a public tree within the sidewalk area would require significant reconstruction of the street and sidewalk, as well as elimination of existing on-street parking.
10 Final Recommendation for Public Tree Planting
February 25, 2026
In accordance with the City of Laguna Beach Tree Removal and Planting Policy for Public Trees, the Public Works & Utilities Department recommends the planting of a Torrey Pine (Pinus torreyana) tree in front of 650 Laguna Canyon Road to replace a previously removed privatelymaintained public tree.

If you have any questions or require any additional information, please contact City Arborist Matthew Barker at (949) 464-6674 or [email protected].

Proposed Tree Planting
505 FOREST AVE. LAGUNA BEACH, CA 92651 TEL (949) 497-0711 FAX (949) 497-0771

Page 1 of 1 ends

Proposed
planting site
11 Final Recommendation for Public Tree
Removal and Replacement Planting
February 25, 2026
In accordance with the City of Laguna Beach Tree Removal and Planting Policy for Public Trees, the Public Works & Utilities Department recommends the removal and in-kind replacement of 1 Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana) tree at 650 Laguna Canyon Road. The tree to be removed is located adjacent to the tennis courts near the Festival of Arts property.

This location is not suitable for replanting a tree; therefore, the replacement tree will be planted in another location on this property.

This privately-maintained public tree is in a state of irreversible decline and the possibility of future tree failure poses a potential risk to public safety.

If you have any questions or require any additional information, please contact City Arborist Matthew Barker at (949) 464-6674 or [email protected].

Proposed Tree Removal
12 Arborist Report
Torrey Pine (Pinus torreyana)
Tree Inventory ID: N/A
Address: 650 Laguna Canyon Rd
Report Author: Matthew Barker - City Arborist
Report Date: February 6, 2026

INTRODUCTION AND OBSERVATIONS
From February 2022 through mid-2025, I repeatedly raised concerns to FOA Operations regarding the declining health of a Torrey Pine on City property managed by FOA, citing reduced vigor, crown thinning, chlorosis, and increasing deadwood. Over multiple communications, I consistently recommended engaging a consulting arborist and performing soil and/or foliar analysis to identify underlying stressors, but no diagnostic testing was undertaken. Despite continued observations showing gradual decline, management efforts focused primarily on prophylactic bark beetle treatments rather than root-cause evaluation. Following leadership changes within FOA Operations in late 2024, Mr. Graham agreed to obtain consulting arborist input and continue borer treatments already in place. A Level 2 visual tree assessment conducted in October 2024 found the tree in fair condition and recommended retention with monitoring and selective pruning but did not recommend soil analysis. In March 2025, a follow-up proposal emphasized pruning and micronutrient soil drenching without prior confirmation of soil deficiencies. After reviewing all arborist reports and treatment records during an on-site meeting in June 2025, I confirmed that no soil analysis had been recommended or performed at any stage despite long-standing indicators of decline.

In June 2025, after receiving approval from the FOA Operations team, I requested that West Coast Arborists perform soil and foliar sampling to diagnose the declining Torrey Pine and formally authorized the work on June 16, 2025. Laboratory results received on July 18, 2025, confirmed the presence of Phytophthora spp., a soil- and root-borne pathogen that causes root rot, vascular disruption, and progressive canopy dieback, and is considered the primary driver of the tree’s decline.

Phytophthora infections are strongly associated with prolonged or inconsistent soil moisture and poor root-zone aeration, conditions that compromise root function and accelerate decline. In addition to the confirmed pathogen, the tree exhibits symptoms consistent with ghost canker, a recently emerging pine disease caused by Neofusicoccum species. Although Neofusicoccum was not detected in the submitted limb samples, symptom expression suggests potential susceptibility or early-stage involvement. There is currently no established treatment protocol for ghost canker, and management is limited to stress reduction and sanitation practices. The combined presence of a confirmed Phytophthora infection and suspected ghost canker symptoms indicates a poor prognosis and a low likelihood of recovery.

The analysis does not document evidence of bark beetles or other boring insects, nor were insects identified in the soil or tissue samples. While the tree had previously received prophylactic treatments for pine bark beetles, those treatments appear to have been preventative rather than responsive to confirmed activity.
13 RECCOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings of the certified arborist report and laboratory analysis, the Torrey Pine is unlikely to recover due to advanced decline associated with Phytophthora infection and chronic root-zone stress. The report recommends continued monitoring of the tree’s condition with the understanding that decline is expected to progress. Once the tree reaches a point of irreversible failure or mortality, full removal of the tree, including stump removal, is recommended. No curative treatment options were identified that would restore long-term health or structural viability. Removal is presented as the eventual and necessary outcome based on the tree’s prognosis. 14 FESTIVAL OF ARTS PROPERTY
Certified Arborist Report
SUBMITTED TO:

Mathew Barker
City of Laguna Beach
City Arborist
PREPARED BY:

Lissette A. Rios
Urban Biologist
ISA Certified Arborist WE-15480A
Certified Associate Ecologist, ESA-213290
July 18th, 2025
15 TABLE OF CONTENTS
BACKGROUND AND ASSIGNMENT .............................................................................. 2 GENERAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ...................................................... 2 OBSERVATIONS.............................................................................................................. 2 SUMMARY DISCUSSION ................................................................................................ 3 MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................... 3 SITE MAP ......................................................................................................................... 5 APPENDIX A - SAMPLE PHOTOS................................................................................... 6 APPENDIX B - SPECIES PROFILE .................................................................................. 10 APPENDIX C – PATHOLOGY REPORT......................................................................... 11 APPENDIX D – HEALTH & CONDITION COMPONENTS ............................................. 15 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 16 ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITING CONDITIONS ............................................................. 16 CERTIFICATE OF PERFORMANCE ................................................................................ 17 16 BACKGROUND AND ASSIGNMENT
West Coast Arborists, Inc (WCA) was contacted by Matthew Barker, City Arborist for Laguna Beach, for arborists services to inspect one Torrey Pine (Pinus torreyana) at the Festival of Arts property, which appears to be in decline. Following the approval of the proposal, my colleague, Kelly Parkins, and I visited the site on June 24th, 2025, to inspect the designated trees per the scope of work. The scope of work for the requested arborist services as provided in proposal # 96998:
 Perform a general health assessment of one Torrey Pine (Pinus torreyana) located at the Festival of Arts Property.
o General health assessment is a basic health evaluation: a 360-degree ground inspection of the tree flare, above-ground roots, trunk, and crown, as well as surrounding site conditions.
o The assessment includes foliage and soil samples for pathology testing.  Produce one summary certified arborist report.
 Provide maintenance recommendations. This report is not a risk assessment.  Update all relevant information, including images, in Arbor Access.

GENERAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
The subject trees were each evaluated for general health. This level of assessment involves a ground-based, visual inspection of the trees including the surrounding site and a synthesis of the information collected. This report is not a risk assessment. The individual tree was visually assessed from ground-level, to identify obvious defects or specified conditions. This is a basic arborist report where the consultant will perform a visual observation from the ground. This report includes inspecting and determining the species, diameter at standard height (DSH), structural and vigor conditions, dripline environment, recommendations for maintenance pruning, plant health care recommendations and noting any further inspection that is required. Inspections were conducted via walking the listed locations and identifying trees via WCA Mobile, which updates Arbor Access.

OBSERVATIONS
At the request of the city, West Coast Arborists performed an inspection of a severely declining Torrey pine located at the Festival of Arts property adjacent to the tennis courts.

The primary objective was to evaluate tree health, identify contributing stressors, and provide treatment recommendations. As part of the inspection, soil and tissue samples were collected for pathology and nutrient analysis.

The pine tree is planted within a raised planting bed that is surrounded by a low decorative retaining wall made of stacked natural stone, approximately 8ft wide, and parallel to the fence of the tennis court. It presents with browning throughout the canopy, tip banding with needle and stem dieback and a dull brown appearance. There is a large streak of sap flow present on the upper portion of the trunk as well as a buried root collar. 17 SUMMARY DISCUSSION
Based on laboratory analysis of soil and foliage samples, the subject tree was found to be affected by a root and soil-borne pathogen. The identified pathogen contributing to the observed disease symptoms and overall decline is Phytophthora. This pathogen is known to cause root rot, vascular disruption, and foliar dieback. For a detailed description of the pathogen and the biological characteristics, please refer to Appendix B. The complete pathology laboratory report is provided in Appendix C.

In addition to the confirmed presence of Phytophthora, the following environmental and siterelated stressors may be exacerbating pine decline:
• Inconsistent or extreme soil moisture levels
• Possible soil compaction or anaerobic root conditions • Limited root soil volume
While the laboratory analysis identified only one pathogen, another potential concern is ghost canker, a newly emerging disease affecting pines, caused by Neofusicoccum species.

Although no pathogens were detected in the limb samples, the presence of symptoms consistent with ghost canker in this tree suggests a potential susceptibility to the disease.

Unfortunately, there is currently no established protocol for managing ghost cankers.

However, standard best practices should be followed, including minimizing wounding to the tree and thoroughly sanitizing pruning tools to reduce the risk of disease spreading.

MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the observations and laboratory analysis provided in this report, the following maintenance recommendations are offered:

The Torrey Pine will most likely not be able to regain health, we recommend reducing the canopy load by a crown cleaning the dead branches and twigs, then retaining and monitoring the tree until it succumbs. At that point, a full tree and stump removal will be required.
• GRID/ROUTINE TRIM
o Reduce the canopy size, retain the tree and monitor its health. A full tree and stump removal will most likely be required in the future. o To prevent the spread of any pathogens during pruning operations, all cutting tools should be disinfected between each palm using a 10% bleach solution or 70% isopropyl alcohol.
o Pruning that utilizes the following natural pruning systems can be implemented:
 Pruning to clean: Cleaning is the selective removal of dead, diseased, infested, and/or broken branches. This type of pruning is done to reduce the risk of branches falling from the tree and to reduce the movement of decay, insects, and diseases for dead or dying branches into the rest of the tree.
 Pruning for structure: The objective of structural pruning is to influence the orientation, spacing, growth rate, strength of attachments, and ultimate size of remaining and any new branches and stems. This 18 pruning type focuses on the removal of broken, dead, diseased, or damaged branches and the reduction of the largest and competing branches. Although this procedure is generally undertaken on young and medium-aged trees, it is also used with aging trees to reduce certain defects and encourage better spacing of main branches along the one dominant trunk. Structural pruning acts to reduce the number of larger branches, so they remain smaller than about half the trunk diameter, which helps prevent failures later.

For the adjacent pine trees, we recommend monitoring them for signs of decline and taking the following preventative measures to aid against phytophthora and potentially ghost canker.
• IRRIGATION TREATMENT
o Address the current soil moisture conditions and irrigation schedule to ensure that the tree is not being overwatered.
 Drip irrigation is recommended to allow a slow, consistent percolation of water into the soil near the tree roots.
 If the irrigation type and frequency cannot be amended, then grading the tree planting area or creating a planting island can be an option to control waterlogged soil.
o Allow the soil to dry out and then begin the new irrigation schedule. o A ring of mulch should be applied at the base of the tree.  Distance from trunk: Keep mulch 2–4 inches away from the trunk to prevent moisture buildup and rot.
 Depth: Apply mulch in a layer about 3–4 inches deep.
 Coverage Area: Extend the mulch out to the drip line (the area under the outer edge of the tree canopy) if possible.
• AIR SPADING & MICROBIAL INOCULATION
o It is recommended to air spade 8-10ft circles around the root zone, followed by microbial inoculation.
o Air spade the surrounding soil and add Diehard Root Reviver mixed with compost to the treatment area. Add 5 pounds of slow-release fertilizer. Mix all the materials with soil using the air spade and level the material back over the root zone. Water thoroughly for the next week and then one month later, treat with Subdue and Mitagrow to further enhance root establishment.

The controlling authority will need to determine which recommended maintenance options to employ and is responsible for all scheduling of such work. All tree work shall comply with current industry standards and specifically the criteria provided in the ISA Best Management Practices, ANSI A300 Tree Care Standards.

The intent of this report is to provide as complete and unbiased an opinion as possible regarding the current health and condition of the specific tree discussed above. I anticipate that the information provided is sufficient to enable management staff to make necessary decisions regarding the maintenance of these trees. However, should you have 19 any questions or require additional information, please feel free to contact me at (714) 783-5457.

Respectfully,

Lissette Rios
Lissette Rios
Urban Biologist/ISA Certified Arborist WE-15480A
Certified Associate Ecologist ESA-213290
West Coast Arborists, Inc.

SITE MAP
Map 1: The locations of the subject tree at the Festival of Arts grounds in Laguna Beach. 20 APPENDIX A - SAMPLE PHOTOS
Photo 1. The subject tree located in a narrow-raised planter bed, notice the thinned out canopy and excessive dieback.
21 Photo 2. The trunk of the subject tree, notice the buried root collar. 22 Photo 3. A cut branch from the subject tree, notice the dieback and low pine needle density.
23 Photo 4. A sample of the needles from the cut branch, notice the chlorotic banding and sooty mold spotting which can indicate a more serious issue like pest infestation. 24 APPENDIX B - SPECIES PROFILE
Torrey Pine (Pinus torreyana) The Torrey pine is a rare, endangered species of pine tree native to California. Torrey pines are evergreen trees with a rounded, open and airey crown, with large branches and rough, flaky bark. They can grow to be 25–60 feet tall, but are usually around 40 ft. Their gray-green needles are 8–12 inches long and grow in groups of five. Their cones are 4–6 inches wide and long, and contain large, hard-shelled pine nuts that are edible. Native habitat is the coast of San Diego County and on Santa Rosa and San Miguel Islands. They can survive in semi-arid areas with low rainfall because of the coastal fog in the spring and summer. These are the rarest pine species in the United States and their numbers are limited by their harsh natural habitat and the small area they occupy. Torrey pines are threatened by fire, disease, climate change, and poaching. Medium branch strength rating a moderate root damage potential.

Phytophthora spp. Several species of soilborne pathogens in the genus Phytophthora cause root and crown rot (sometimes called collar rot) diseases of herbaceous and woody plants.

Almost all fruit and nut trees, as well as many ornamental trees and shrubs (including many California natives), can develop Phytophthora root or crown rot if the soil around the base of the plant remains wet for prolonged periods, or when planted too deeply. Different species of Phytophthora attack different plants, and sometimes a single plant can be infected by multiple Phytophthora species. Most Phytophthora species are soil-borne, and are active in warm, moist soils. However, some species prefer cool conditions, developing mostly in wintertime. These pathogens kill trees and shrubs by growing from the roots up through the root crown and into the lower trunk, where they kill the inner bark and cause browning of the outer layer of sapwood. Losses to Phytophthora are minimized by providing good soil drainage, appropriate irrigation, managing plant stress and soil salinity, and selecting resistant plants or varieties. The pathogen can be spread in splashing rain or irrigation water, in surface irrigation and runoff water, and by movement of contaminated soil, equipment, or plant parts. Flooded and saturated soil favors the spread of Phytophthora to healthy plants. The most important factor in reducing the development of Phytophthora root and crown rot diseases is appropriate water management. Avoid prolonged saturation of the soil or standing water around the base of trees or other susceptible plants. Without causing undue stress to the plant in question, allow the top few inches of soil to dry thoroughly between watering. If you irrigate trees with sprinklers, use low-angle sprinkler heads and splitters to avoid wetting the trunk and lower branches.Long periods of soaking rain or irrigation reduce the soil oxygen content, making healthy plants susceptible to Phytophthora diseases.
25 APPENDIX C – PATHOLOGY REPORT
26 27
28 29
APPENDIX D – HEALTH & CONDITION COMPONENTS
Health & Condition components
Rating
category Health Structure Form
Percent
rating
Excellent High vigor and nearly perfect
health with little or no twig
dieback, discoloration, or
defoliation.

Nearly ideal and free of defects. Nearly ideal for the species.

Generally symmetric. Consistent with
the intended use.
81%
to
100%
Good Vigor is normal for the species.

No significant damage due to
diseases or pests. Any twig
dieback, defoliation, or
discoloration is minor.

Well-developed structure.

Defects are minor and can be
corrected.

Minor asymmetries and/or
deviations from species norm.

Mostly consistent with the intended
use. Function and aesthetics are not
compromised.
61%
to
80%
Fair Reduced vigor. Damage due to
insects or diseases may be
significant and associated with
defoliation but is not likely to
be fatal. Twig dieback,
defoliation, discoloration,
and/or dead branches may
comprise up to 50% of the
crown.

A single defect of a significant
nature or multiple moderate
defects. Defects are not practical
to correct or require multiple
treatments over several years.

Major asymmetries and/or
deviations from species norm or
intended use. Function or aesthetics
are compromised.
41%
to
60%
Poor Unhealthy and declining in
appearance. Poor vigor. Low
foliage density and poor
foliage color are present.

Potentially fatal pest
infestation. Extensive twig
and/or branch dieback.

A single serious defect, or
multiple significant defects. Recent
change in tree orientation.

Observed structural problems
cannot be corrected. Failure may
occur at any time.

Largely asymmetric and/or
abnormal. Detracts from intended
use and/or aesthetics to a
significant degree.
21%
to
40%
Very Poor Poor vigor. Appears to be
dying and in the last stages of
life. Little live foliage.

Single or multiple severe defects.

Failure is probable or imminent.

Visually unappealing. Provides little
or no function in the landscape.
6% to
20%
Dead 0% to
5%
This table is taken from the Guide for Plant Appraisal, 10th Edition. 30 REFERENCES
Costello, Laurence R., Edward J. Perry, Nelda P. Matheny, J. Michael Henry and Pamela M. Geisel. Abiotic Disorders of Landscape Plants: A Diagnostic Guide. University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication. 2003. Print Council of Tree & Landscape Appraisers, Guide for Plant Appraisal, 10th Edition, 2nd Printing. International Society of Arboriculture, 2019. Print Lilly, Sharon J., Edward F. Gilman, and E. Thomas Smiley. Best Management Practices:

Tree Pruning (Third Edition). Illinois: International Society of Arboriculture, 2019. Print

ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITING CONDITIONS

1. Care has been taken to obtain all information from reliable sources. All data has been verified insofar as possible; however, the Consultant can neither guarantee nor be responsible for the accuracy of the information supplied by others. Standard of Care has been met with regards to this project within reasonable and normal conditions.

2. The Consultant will not be required to give testimony or to attend court by reason of this report unless subsequent contractual arrangements are made, including payment of an additional fee for such services as described in the fee schedule and contract of engagement.

3. Loss or alteration of any part of this report invalidates the entire report.

4. Possession of this report or a copy thereof does not imply a right to publication or use for any purpose by any other than the person to whom it is addressed without the prior written consent of the Consultant.

5. This report and any values expressed herein represent the opinion of the Consultant, and the Consultant's fee is in no way contingent upon the reporting of a stipulated result, a specified value, the occurrence of a subsequent event, nor upon any finding to be reported.

6. Unless expressed otherwise: 1) the information contained in this report covers only those items examined and reflects the condition of those items at the time of inspection; and 2) the inspection is limited to visual examination of accessible items without dissection, excavation, or coring unless otherwise stated. There is no warranty or guarantee, expressed or implied, that problems or deficiencies of the tree(s) or property in question may not arise in the future.

7. Arborists are tree specialists who use their education, knowledge, training, and experience to examine trees, recommend measures to enhance the beauty and health of trees, and attempt to reduce the risk of living near trees. It is highly recommended that you follow the arborist's recommendations; however, you may choose to accept or disregard the recommendations and/or seek additional advice.
31 8. Arborists cannot detect every condition that could possibly lead to the structural failure of a tree. Trees are living organisms that fail in ways we do not fully understand. Conditions are often hidden within trees and below ground. Arborists cannot guarantee that a tree will be healthy or safe under all circumstances or for a specific period of time.

9. Any recommendations and/or performed treatments (including, but not limited to, pruning or removal) of trees may involve considerations beyond the scope of the arborist's services, such as property boundaries, property ownership, site lines, disputes between neighbors, and any other related issues. Arborists cannot take such considerations into account unless complete and accurate information is disclosed to the arborist. An arborist can then be expected to consider and reasonably rely on the completeness and accuracy of the information provided.

10. The author has no personal interest or bias with respect to the subject matter of this report, or the parties involved. He/she has inspected the subject tree(s), and to the best of their knowledge and belief, all statements and information presented in the report are true and correct.

CERTIFICATE OF PERFORMANCE
I, Lissette Rios, Certify that to the best of my knowledge and belief:

1. The statements of fact contained in this report are true and correct.

2. I have personally inspected the tree(s), and property referenced in this report and accurately stated my findings.

3. I have no current or prospective interest in the tree(s) or the property that is/are the subject of this report, and I have no personal interest or bias concerning the parties involved.

4. The analysis, opinions, and conclusions were developed, and this report has been prepared according to commonly accepted arboricultural practices and standards.

5. No one provided significant professional assistance to me, except where they may be noted within the report.

6. My compensation is not contingent upon the reporting of conclusions that favor the cause of my client or any other party or upon the assessment results, the attainment of stipulated outcomes, or the occurrence of any subsequent events.

I further certify that I am a member of good standing with the International Society of Arboriculture, an ISA Certified Arborist. I have been a Certified Arborist since 2024 and have been practicing municipal arboriculture for over 3 years.

Respectfully,

Lissette Rios
Urban Biologist / ISA Certified Arborist WE-15480A
West Coast Arborists, Inc. | 714-783-5457 | [email protected] 32 Final Recommendation for Public Tree
Removal and Replacement Planting
February 25, 2026
In accordance with the City of Laguna Beach Tree Removal and Planting Policy for Public Trees, the Public Works & Utilities Department recommends the removal and replacement planting of one (1) Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) tree at 264 Legion St. This location is not a suitable planting location. A replacement redbud (Cercis occidentalis) tree is recommended in the Catalina roundabout.

The City Arborist has determined this public tree has significant structural defects and is a potential risk to public safety.

If you have any questions or require any additional information, please contact City Arborist Matthew Barker at (949) 464-6674 or [email protected].

Proposed Tree Removal Proposed Tree Planting
33 Arborist Report
Carob Tree (Ceratonia siliqua)
Tree Inventory ID: 16315481
264 Legion Street - Laguna Beach, CA
Matthew Barker – City Arborist
Report date: January 23, 2026

INTRODUCTION
This tree’s ownership and maintenance responsibility were officially transferred from the adjacent property owner to the City in July 2025. Following the ownership transfer, the City Arborist inspected the tree and directed a specific pruning treatment performed by the City’s tree care contractor, West Coast Arborists. This pruning aimed to correct defects that had been developing through many years of deferred maintenance. Upon completion of this work, a previously obscured cavity was identified. A Level II inspection was performed. It was determined a Level III inspection was required to examine the extent of the cavity. This report compiles the findings of both the Level II and Level III inspections. The findings are valid for 24 months after the report date.

OBSERVATIONS
My assessment took place on a clear day, with full visibility and no obstructions to any part of the tree. Beginning with the root system, I observed that approximately 75 percent of the root zone is covered by an asphalt road surface. The remaining 25 percent extends into a natural, pervious surface within the front yard of a typical residential property. Turf coverage is sparse and does not extend to the base of the tree, with minor ornamental plantings present nearby.

A thorough pruning of this tree was performed to reduce branch-end density across the entire crown, after the City took ownership of this tree. After removing some excess sucker growth from the trunk, a large cavity was spotted facilitating the advanced diagnostics. Two primary scaffold limbs have competed for apical dominance over time, while a third scaffold on the west side lost dominance earlier in the tree’s development.

The lead on the house side of the canopy has been stunted by utility pruning to accommodate the overhead wires. The lead on the street side of the canopy has been elevated over the roadway, to accommodate traffic resulting in a canopy ratio of approximately 1:1.

Crown vigor was assessed as moderate. As observed, the crown is showing signs of good vascular functions, with little difficulty pushing water and nutrients to the upper portion of the crown. The leaf size, shape, color, density, and turgidity were all normal. No general pattern of dieback or major dead wood in the upper crown was visible, indicating a functioning root-to-canopy relationship.

There is an existing cabling system in the canopy to support this triple lead crown architecture. This system is a hub and spoke setup with the central floating O-ring and J-lag anchors. Although the system no longer provides meaningful structural support due to improper placement, removal would likely result in a net negative impact to tree health; therefore, the system should remain in place.

The trunk showed several deformities or cavities that all appear to be connected within the interior of the individual. Multiple fruit bodies were observed in the upper branches, and in and around these cavities, indicating a connected decay column internally. As a result, resistograph and sonic topographical tests were ordered to understand the extent of this internal decay.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECCOMENDATIONS
34 Based on the resistograph and sonic topographical tests, the internal decay has spread to the periphery of the trunk, weakening the tree’s structural capacity beyond the loads that are placed upon it. Off-center decay results in significantly greater strength loss than centered decay because outer wood contributes disproportionately more to structural strength than internal heartwood. The tree’s response wood and compartmentalization processes have not adequately sequestered the decay.

After reviewing all available data, it is my position that the loss of structurally significant sapwood at the periphery of the trunk has elevated the risk of whole-tree failure to a probable level. The tree’s location at the edge of a moderately busy road between Coast Highway and Glenneyre Street increases the likelihood of impact to valuable targets, with consequences exceeding the threshold of acceptable risk. As there are no feasible ways to protect such targets in the event of a failure, the overall tree risk rating is Moderate, and removal is the only feasible option to adequately mitigate the risk posed to the City. 35 Reading a Resistograph
A Resistograph is a nondestructive diagnostic tool used in arboriculture and wood science to assess the internal condition of wood by measuring resistance as a very fine needle drills into the material. As the needle penetrates the wood, the instrument generates a graph, called a resistogram. This visually represents changes in wood density along the drilling path. High amplitudes on the graph indicate sound, dense wood, while low amplitudes reveal areas of decay, rot, cracking, or hollowing that may not be visible from the outside.

On a typical resistogram, the green line represents drilling resistance (torque at the drill tip), which directly correlates to wood density and structural integrity. The blue line represents the feed rate or pressure required to advance the needle through the wood. While each line provides useful information on its own, interpreting them together is critical: a significant, simultaneous drop in both the green and blue lines strongly indicate advanced decay or a hollow cavity, whereas isolated changes may reflect moisture variation, minor degradation, or changes in wood anatomy rather than true structural loss.

Reading a Sonic Tomogram
A sonic tomogram is a non-destructive imaging tool used in arboriculture to visualize the internal condition of a tree trunk using sound wave velocity, much like an “acoustic X-ray.” Multiple sensors are placed around a horizontal plane of the trunk and sound pulses are generated between them. Because sound travels fastest through dense, solid wood and slower through compromised or missing wood, the instrument calculates apparent sound velocities and displays them on a color-coded image of the cross section. This gives arborists a detailed map of decay, cavities, and structural integrity without drilling or cutting into the tree.

On a typical sonic tomogram, color coding helps interpret the internal wood condition:
• Brown/Black: Represents sound, high-density wood with the highest sound velocities, indicating a solid, healthy structure.
• Green: Indicates transition wood or early-stage decay, where the wood’s density and elasticity are beginning to change but major structural loss hasn’t yet occurred. • Purple/Blue: Represents significant decay, soft rot, or hollow cavities, where sound waves travel very slowly due to loss of material or integrity, signaling low structural strength. 36 37
Measuring / object data
Measurement no.ID numberDrilling depthDateTimeFeed speed ::::::
1264 LEGION CAROB - 115.803 "07.08.202513:45:5950 "/min Needle speedNeedle stateTiltOffsetAvg. curve
:::::
5000 r/min----14°109/527off
DiameterLevelDirectionSpeciesLocationName
::::::

Assessment
FromFromFromFromFromFrom

0.00 "0.00 "0.00 "0.00 "0.00 "0.00 "
totototototo

0.00 "0.00 "0.00 "0.00 "0.00 "0.00 "
::::::

Comment
Wood InspectorOff
Measurement001
Drilling depth [Inch]
Amplitude [%]
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
020406080100
38 Measuring / object data
Measurement no.

ID number
Drilling depth
Date
Time
Feed speed
:
:
:
:
:
:
2 264 LEGION CAROB - 2

15.799 "

07.08.2025
13:47:23
50 "/min
Needle speed
Needle state
Tilt
Offset
Avg. curve
:
:
:
:
:
5000 r/min
---
-12°
100/406
off
Diameter
Level
Direction
Species
Location
Name
:
:
:
:
:
:

Assessment
From
From
From
From
From
From

0.00 "

0.00 "
to
to
to
to
to
to

0.00 "

0.00 "
:
:
:
:
:
:

Comment
Wood Inspector
Off
Measurement002
Drilling depth [Inch]
Amplitude [%]
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 20
40 60
80 100
39 Measuring / object data
Measurement no.

ID number
Drilling depth
Date
Time
Feed speed
:
:
:
:
:
:
3 264 LEGION CAROB - 3

15.803 "

07.08.2025
13:48:32
50 "/min
Needle speed
Needle state
Tilt
Offset
Avg. curve
:
:
:
:
:
5000 r/min
---
-14°
90/377
off
Diameter
Level
Direction
Species
Location
Name
:
:
:
:
:
:

Assessment
From
From
From
From
From
From

0.00 "

0.00 "
to
to
to
to
to
to

0.00 "

0.00 "
:
:
:
:
:
:

Comment
Wood Inspector
Off
Measurement003
Drilling depth [Inch]
Amplitude [%]
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 20
40 60
80 100
40 Measuring / object data
Measurement no.

ID number
Drilling depth
Date
Time
Feed speed
:
:
:
:
:
:
4 264 LEGION CAROB - 4

15.803 "

07.08.2025
13:49:30
50 "/min
Needle speed
Needle state
Tilt
Offset
Avg. curve
:
:
:
:
:
5000 r/min
---
-11°
91/377
off
Diameter
Level
Direction
Species
Location
Name
:
:
:
:
:
:

Assessment
From
From
From
From
From
From

0.00 "

0.00 "
to
to
to
to
to
to

0.00 "

0.00 "
:
:
:
:
:
:

Comment
Wood Inspector
Off
Measurement004
Drilling depth [Inch]
Amplitude [%]
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 20
40 60
80 100
41 Measuring / object data
Measurement no.

ID number
Drilling depth
Date
Time
Feed speed
:
:
:
:
:
:
5 264 LEGION CAROB - 5

15.803 "

07.08.2025
13:51:16
50 "/min
Needle speed
Needle state
Tilt
Offset
Avg. curve
:
:
:
:
:
5000 r/min
---
-14°
88/402
off
Diameter
Level
Direction
Species
Location
Name
:
:
:
:
:
:

Assessment
From
From
From
From
From
From

0.00 "

0.00 "
to
to
to
to
to
to

0.00 "

0.00 "
:
:
:
:
:
:

Comment
Wood Inspector
Off
Measurement005
Drilling depth [Inch]
Amplitude [%]
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 20
40 60
80 100
42 Measuring / object data
Measurement no.

ID number
Drilling depth
Date
Time
Feed speed
:
:
:
:
:
:
6 264 LEGION CAROB - 6

15.799 "

07.08.2025
13:53:06
50 "/min
Needle speed
Needle state
Tilt
Offset
Avg. curve
:
:
:
:
:
5000 r/min
---
+47°
104/389
off
Diameter
Level
Direction
Species
Location
Name
:
:
:
:
:
:

Assessment
From
From
From
From
From
From

0.00 "

0.00 "
to
to
to
to
to
to

0.00 "

0.00 "
:
:
:
:
:
:

Comment
Wood Inspector
Off
Measurement006
Drilling depth [Inch]
Amplitude [%]
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 20
40 60
80 100
43 Measuring / object data
Measurement no.

ID number
Drilling depth
Date
Time
Feed speed
:
:
:
:
:
:
7 264 LEGION CAROB - 7

15.787 "

07.08.2025
13:54:45
50 "/min
Needle speed
Needle state
Tilt
Offset
Avg. curve
:
:
:
:
:
5000 r/min
---
+49°
118/360
off
Diameter
Level
Direction
Species
Location
Name
:
:
:
:
:
:

Assessment
From
From
From
From
From
From

0.00 "

0.00 "
to
to
to
to
to
to

0.00 "

0.00 "
:
:
:
:
:
:

Comment
Wood Inspector
Off
Measurement007
Drilling depth [Inch]
Amplitude [%]
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 20
40 60
80 100
44 Measuring / object data
Measurement no.

ID number
Drilling depth
Date
Time
Feed speed
:
:
:
:
:
:
8 264 LEGION CAROB - 8

15.795 "

07.08.2025
13:58:04
50 "/min
Needle speed
Needle state
Tilt
Offset
Avg. curve
:
:
:
:
:
5000 r/min
---
+15°
101/385
off
Diameter
Level
Direction
Species
Location
Name
:
:
:
:
:
:

Assessment
From
From
From
From
From
From

0.00 "

0.00 "
to
to
to
to
to
to

0.00 "

0.00 "
:
:
:
:
:
:

Comment
Wood Inspector
Off
Measurement008
Drilling depth [Inch]
Amplitude [%]
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 20
40 60
80 100
45 Measuring / object data
Measurement no.

ID number
Drilling depth
Date
Time
Feed speed
:
:
:
:
:
:
9 264 LEGION CAROB - 9

15.799 "

07.08.2025
13:59:28
50 "/min
Needle speed
Needle state
Tilt
Offset
Avg. curve
:
:
:
:
:
5000 r/min
---
-19°
85/369
off
Diameter
Level
Direction
Species
Location
Name
:
:
:
:
:
:

Assessment
From
From
From
From
From
From

0.00 "

0.00 "
to
to
to
to
to
to

0.00 "

0.00 "
:
:
:
:
:
:

Comment
Wood Inspector
Off
Measurement009
Drilling depth [Inch]
Amplitude [%]
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 20
40 60
80 100
46 Figure 1: Main Unions, showing branch/crown architecture 47 Figure 2: Trunk. Note the decay cavities on the periphery of the sapwood. 48 Figure 3: Main cavity
49 Figure 4: remnants of a fruiting body in another cavity on the trunk 50 Figure 5: Remnants of other fruiting bodies found along the trunk, and scaffolding branches 51 Figure 6: Overall view of the tree
52 Figure 7: Old cabling system still in place
53 Final Notice of Public Tree Removal
February 25, 2026
In accordance with the City of Laguna Beach Tree Removal and Planting Policy for Public Trees, the Public Works & Utilities Department intends to schedule the removal of 1 Aleppo pine (Pinus halopensis) tree at 31788 Florence Avenue. This location is not a suitable planting location and will not be replanted.

The City Arborist has determined this public tree is dead and is a potential risk to public safety.

If you have any questions or require any additional information, please contact City Arborist Matthew Barker at (949) 464-6674 or [email protected].

Proposed Tree Removal
54 Arborist Report
Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis)
Tree Inventory ID: 14383057
Address: 31788 5th Avenue – Laguna Beach
Report Author: Matthew Barker - City Arborist
Report Date: 1/29/2026

INTRODUCTION
Several residents contacted the City regarding a tree they believed to be in distress due to abnormal crown discoloration and requested an inspection and care recommendations. I conducted an on-site inspection of the tree to assess its condition. The findings and conclusions in this report are valid for twelve months from the report date.

OBSERVATIONS
The assessment was conducted on a clear day with full visibility and no obstructions to the tree. The tree is located within a sloped landscape median between 5th Avenue and Florence Avenue. The majority of the tree’s critical root zone is covered by impervious roadway surface; however, there is adequate growing space for a tree of this size within the remaining landscaped area.

The base of the tree is obscured by ground cover and ornamental plantings, which prevented a full inspection of the root flare and basal trunk. The trunk exhibits a slightly contorted form resulting from a combination of natural lean, directional pruning to maintain clearance from utilities, and subsequent self-correction.

At the time of inspection, the foliage was entirely discolored and in rapid decline. The crown was completely brown, despite documentation indicating the tree was fully foliated and appeared healthy only several weeks prior.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECCOMMENDATIONS
Recent excavation and construction activity occurred on the adjacent property. At the onset of this work, the City Arborist was asked to inspect the site and provided guidance on appropriate root pruning practices intended to preserve tree health. Despite these efforts, root disturbance occurred within the tree’s root zone.

Based on the timing and presentation of symptoms, this disturbance is likely a significant contributing factor to the tree’s rapid decline and mortality. The tree is now dead, with no living tissue present within the crown.

Given the tree’s location along a residential street and its proximity to utilities, the likelihood of failure impacting valuable targets is elevated, and the potential consequences exceed acceptable risk thresholds. As there are no feasible mitigation measures to reduce this risk, removal of the tree is recommended as the only effective means to address the potential hazard and associated liability to the City.
55 56
505 FOREST AVE. LAGUNA BEACH, CA 92651 TEL (949) 497-0711 FAX (949) 497-0771

Page 1 of 1 ends

Final Recommendation for Public Tree
Removal and Replacement Planting
February 25, 2026
In accordance with the City of Laguna Beach Tree Removal and Planting Policy for Public Trees, the Public Works & Utilities Department recommends the removal of 2 Indian laurel fig (Ficus microcarpa 'Nitida') trees located along Short Street at 585 Legion Street. It is recommended that 2 queen palm (Syagrus romanzoffianum) trees be planted as replacement plantings.

The trees’ roots are causing damage to adjacent public and private improvements including the street pavement, sidewalk, and private improvements at 585 Legion Street.

If you have any questions or require any additional information, please contact City Arborist Matthew Barker at (949) 464-6674 or [email protected].

Proposed Tree Removal
57 Final Recommendation for Public Tree Planting
February 25, 2026
In accordance with the City of Laguna Beach Tree Removal and Planting Policy for Public Trees, the Public Works & Utilities Department recommends the planting of four trees in the median adjacent to 626 Virgina Park Drive. These include two Catalina Ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus) trees, and two Western Redbud (Cercis canadensis) trees.

If you have any questions or require any additional information, please contact City Arborist Matthew Barker at (949) 464-6674 or [email protected].

Proposed Tree Planting Locations
505 FOREST AVE. LAGUNA BEACH, CA 92651 TEL (949) 497-0711 FAX (949) 497-0771

Page 1 of 1 ends

Proposed
planting site
58

Laguna Beach City CouncilMarch 24, 2026

Laguna Beach City Council
March 24, 2026