Laguna Hills City Council
September 10, 2024

City of Laguna Hills General Plan Noise
N-9
The nonresidential exterior noise standard is always 65 dBA. Exempt from these standards are activities at any public or private educational facilities, or public park or playground; emergency equipment or work; construction activities during the day on Monday through Saturday; certain agricultural operations; and landscaping and maintenance.

Schools, hospitals, and churches are protected from noise sources that exceed the specified noise limits.

Transportation-Related Noise
Laguna Hills contains a number of transportation-related noise sources including freeways, major roadways, and railroad operations. I‑5, SR‑73, the railroad, and major roadways create high levels of noise that affect the overall quality of life in the community and are the major contributors of noise in the City. Some locations, such as areas adjacent to I-5 at Los Alisos, are regularly impacted by transportation noise. Reducing transportationrelated noise is necessary to improve the quality of life for noise sensitive land uses. Cost-effective strategies to reduce the influence of transportationrelated noise sources are an essential part of the Noise Element.

Noise Control at Reception Sites
The most efficient and effective means of controlling noise from transportation is to reduce noise at the source. However, the City has little direct control over noise produced by transportation sources because State noise regulations preempt location regulations. Because the City cannot control the noise at the source, City noise programs focus on reducing the impact of transportation noise reception sites.

The most effective way to mitigate transportation noise impacts on the City is by using the site development permit process and implementing CEQA. During the planning stages of the development process, potential impacts from transportation noise will be identified and mitigation measures will be required as needed to meet the City’s noise standards. Site planning, landscaping, natural topography and design, and construction noise barriers are the most common method of alleviating vehicular traffic and train noise impacts. Setbacks and buffer areas can also be used to achieve small noise reductions. The City can also use weight limitations on certain roadways and designate truck routes to reduce traffic noise in specific locations.

The City also encourages the construction and use of alternative modes of transportation such as alternative fuel vehicles, transit systems, and transit-oriented development (higher density, mixed use development near major rail and transit stops) to reduce transportation-related noise.

Alternative transportation modes can emit less noise per passenger than their automotive counterparts and can reduce traffic congestion.

City of Laguna Hills General Plan Noise
N-10
Noise Control at the Source
The California Vehicle Code contains noise regulations pertaining to the operation of all vehicles on public roads. These noise standards for cars, trucks, and motorcycles are enforced through coordination with the California Highway Patrol and the Orange County Sheriff’s Department.

The City also regulates traffic flow and coordinates with the California Highway Patrol and Orange County Sheriff’s Department to enforce speed limits to reduce traffic noise.

Nontransportation-Related Noise
The City contains a variety of land uses, many of which generate noise.

Noise from non-transportation-related sources includes industrial areas that involve heavy equipment and machinery, and commercial areas such as restaurants, bars, and entertainment establishments. Mechanical equipment such as heating, ventilating, and air conditioning units also generates noise throughout the City. Residential areas are also subject to noise from the use of pool equipment, landscape maintenance equipment, barking dogs, and other noise sources. Finally, construction activities throughout the City can temporarily elevate noise.

Application of the City’s noise regulations is the best means to control non-transportation-related noise. The Community Development Department and Orange County Sheriff’s Department cooperate to identify development or actives that violate noise regulations. The City’s municipal code gives the City the authority to enforce the noise standards through penalties and other abatement tactics.

Noise generated by new development is effectively controlled though the site development permit process, compliance with CEQA, and compliance with the City noise standards contained in this Noise Element and the City’s noise regulations. During preliminary stages in the development process, potential noise impacts will be identified and mitigation measures imposed.

When reviewing proposed mixed use and nonresidential projects, noise generation and potential impacts to surrounding development are considered. An acoustical analysis is required for projects that will generate noise potentially affecting sensitive receptors. Where significant impacts are identified, mitigation measures will be required.

Mitigation measures that could be applied when reviewing projects include acoustically treated and/or quiet designs for furnaces, fans, motors, compressors, pumps, and other mechanical equipment. The City may also require limited delivery hours and/or hours of operation to minimize impacts to adjacent residential or other noise sensitive uses.

In addition, all City departments must comply with State and federal

City of Laguna Hills General Plan Noise
N-11
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards.

Any new equipment or vehicles purchased by the City will comply with local, State, and federal noise regulations, and the City will encourage landscaping contractors to utilize up to date noise-reducing equipment.

Noise Ordinance
The City Noise Ordinance is designed to protect people from nontransportation noise sources such as construction activity, commercial and industrial operations, machinery, and pumps and air conditioners.

Enforcing the ordinance includes requiring proposed development projects to show compliance with the ordinance, including operating in accordance with noise levels and hours of operation limits placed on the project site. The City also requires construction activity to comply with established work schedule limits. The ordinance is reviewed periodically for adequacy and amended as needed to address community needs and development patterns.

The City also has the opportunity to control noise and vibration transfers between adjacent land uses. Problems can arise when noise-producing uses are located immediately adjacent to sensitive uses, such as business park or light industrial uses near residences or schools. Additionally, increasing mixed use development throughout the City will place more sensitive residential uses alongside or above commercial uses, which could present challenges. The City’s Zoning Ordinance or any Specific Plan developed following adoption of the General Plan will include specific standards that address noise and vibration transfer in mixed use development.

Goals and Policies
The goals and policies section sets both broad and specific direction for the future of the City based on identified issues, as captured in the Guiding Themes and expressed by the community, City staff, and decision makers.

Three major issue areas are addressed in the goals and policies of the Noise Element. These major issues are:
• Using land use planning and development techniques to reduce noise and ensure compatibility between different land uses;
• Utilizing a variety of techniques and strategies to reduce transportation-related noise; and
• Requiring site design and other measures to reduce or maintain noise at acceptable levels for non-transportation-related noise.

City of Laguna Hills General Plan Noise
N-12
Noise and Land Use Planning
Land use directly affects noise compatibility because higher noise levels associated with certain land uses can encroach upon more sensitive land uses. Noise-producing and noise sensitive uses will be planned and/ or sufficiently buffered to ensure that sensitive uses are not exposed to unacceptable noise levels. Non-compatible land uses will incorporate noise attenuation and/or control measures in the development and design process to reduce noise.

Goal N-1: Reduce the effects of noise through proper land use planning and development techniques.

Policy N-1.1: Use the City’s noise/land use compatibility matrix (Figure N-1) as a guide for future planning and development decisions.

Policy N-1.2: Use transitional and buffer areas to separate excessive noise-generating uses from residential and other noise sensitive land uses.

Policy N-1.3: Limit future residential and other noise sensitive land uses in areas exposed to high levels of noise and/or utilize strategies to reduce noise experienced by sensitive uses at the point of reception.

Transportation-Related Noise
Transportation-related noise sources are the major contributors of noise in Laguna Hills and affect the overall quality of life. Reduction of transportation-related noise through a variety of measures is necessary to deal with the detrimental effects attributable to excessive noise.

Goal N-2: Reduce the impact of transportation-related noise on residential areas and other sensitive land uses.

Policy N-2.1: Reduce new transportation-related noise impacts to noise sensitive land uses through the use of noise control measures.

Policy N-2.2: Require noise-reducing construction techniques and site design measures for new development in areas impacted by transportation-related noise.

Policy N-2.3: Encourage new development to provide facilities that support the use of alternative transportation modes, such as walking, bicycling, carpooling and, where applicable, transit to reduce automobile traffic and its associated noise.

City of Laguna Hills General Plan Noise
N-13
Policy N-2.4: Consider using low-noise pavement surfaces on Mobility Element roadways that reduce motor vehicle traffic noise.

Policy N-2.5: Control truck traffic routing to reduce truck traffic impacts on noise sensitive land uses.

Policy N-2.6: Use traffic calming design and traffic control measures as needed to reduce vehicular speeds and associated noise levels in residential neighborhoods.

Nontransportation-Related Noise
Noise unrelated to vehicles, streets, and freeways also impacts the quality of life in Laguna Hills. Excessive noise from construction, business operations, and everyday activities negatively affects the community.

Site design, regulation, and enforcement measures will reduce nontransportation-related noise.

Goal N-3: Reduce the impact of non-transportation-related noise on residential areas and other sensitive land uses.

Policy N-3.1: Ensure noise sources from construction activities, entertainment venues, private development/residences, landscaping activities, and special events impacting noise sensitive lands use are maintained at acceptable levels.

Policy N-3.2: Require that commercial and mixed use structures be designed to prevent transfer of noise and vibration to residential and other noise sensitive land uses.

Policy N-3.3: Require commercial and mixed use developments to locate loading areas, parking lots, driveways, trash enclosures, mechanical equipment, and other noise sources away from residential development and, if necessary, to shield such noise sources with acoustic barriers.

Summary of Approach
The goals, policies, and programs in the Noise Element will help the City reduce noise from transportation and non-transportation-related sources.

The Noise Element encourages the use of land use compatibility measures and noise reduction techniques to ensure that redevelopment and new development are compatible with established uses. Table N-3 identifies the three major issue areas guiding the Noise Element. These major issues represent the direction the City will take in its noise goals, policies, and programs to implement the vision of Laguna Hills as captured in the Guiding Themes and expressed in the Noise Plan.

City of Laguna Hills General Plan Noise
N-14
Table N-3
Description of Actions to Address Noise Issues
Issues Element Section Policy Programs Figure Table
Noise and Land
Use Planning
Noise Noise and Land
Use Planning
N-1.1
through
N-1.3
N-1
through N-4
Figure N-1
(Land Use
Compatibility)
Figure N-3
(Future Noise
Contours)
Table N-2 (Noise
Standards)
Land Use
Respect
for Existing
Neighborhoods
LU-2.7 LU-6
TransportationRelated Noise Noise Transportationrelated Noise N-2.1
through
N-2.6
N-1, N-3,
N-5
NontransportationRelated Noise Noise Nontransportationrelated noise N-3.1
through
N-3.3
N-5

 







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Appendix B

Field Data and Photos

Project: Engineer: B. Morrison Date: 05/31/2023
JN: 2776-2022-02
Measurement Address: City: Site No.:

Paseo de Valencia and Alicia Parkway Laguna Hills, CA
Sound Level Meter: Calibration Record: Conditions:

Piccolo II Input, dB/ Time Date
Serial # P0221010801 1 94.0 3:15 PM 05/31/2023 Temp (F):

Serial # P0221010802 2 94.0 3:18 PM 05/31/2023 Windspeed:

Serial # P0218092808 3 / / / Direction:
4 / / / Skies:

Calibrator: 5/ / /
BSWA
Serial # 500732
Notes: Measurement Type:
= Noise
Monitoring
Location
Measurements were taken at 1-hour intervals over a 24-hour period on June 1, 2023. Ambient noise sources at the project site included operational activity at the Ralph's shopping center, residential activity at the homes adjacent to the site, and roadway activity along Paseo de Valencia and Alicia Parkway.

Field Sheet
1 Meter Settings:

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center
High: 68 deg. F.,
Low: 59 deg. F.
2 m.p.h.

Northeast
Cloudy
A-WTD
C-WTD
LINEAR

IMPULSE
SLOW
FAST
1/1 OCT
1/3 OCT
_60_ MINUTE INTERVALS

L(N) PERCENTILE VALUES
Long-term
Short-term
1 1
2

Project: Engineer: B. Morrison Date: 06/02/2023
JN: 2776-2022-02
Measurement Address: Paseo de Valencia and Alicia Parkway City: Laguna Hills, CA Site No.:

47.0 Field Sheet - Noise Monitoring Location 1 Photo
Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center
Notes: Measurement was taken at the northern boundary of the project site, approximately 52 feet north of the proposed fuel center location and 67 feet south of the centerline of Paseo de Valencia Meter 1

Time Leq CNEL
12:00 AM 58.7 72.1
1:00 AM 57.9 72.12:00 AM 56.5 72.13:00 AM 57.5 72.14:00 AM 60.8 72.15:00 AM 64.4 72.16:00 AM 66.2 72.17:00 AM 68.8 72.18:00 AM 70.1 72.19:00 AM 68.6 72.1 10:00 AM 69.5 72.111:00 AM 69.2 72.1
12:00 PM 69.8 72.1
1:00 PM 69.9 72.12:00 PM 69.9 72.13:00 PM 72.0 72.14:00 PM 72.5 72.15:00 PM 71.1 72.16:00 PM 69.5 72.17:00 PM 68.9 72.18:00 PM 73.1 72.19:00 PM 67.5 72.1 10:00 PM 65.1 72.111:00 PM 62.5 72.1
Day Min: 67.5Night Min 56.5

0.0 20.040.060.080.0
100.0
12:00 AM
1:00 AM
2:00 AM
3:00 AM
4:00 AM
5:00 AM
6:00 AM
7:00 AM
8:00 AM
9:00 AM
10:00 AM
11:00 AM
12:00 PM
1:00 PM
2:00 PM
3:00 PM
4:00 PM
5:00 PM
6:00 PM
7:00 PM
8:00 PM
9:00 PM
10:00 PM
11:00 PM
Noise Level (dBA)
Location-1, 24-Hour Noise Monitoring Result (CNEL)
Leq CNEL

PROJECT: Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center JOB #: 2776-2022-02 NOISE METER: Piccolo II SLM, 24-Hour Measurement DATE: 06/02/2023 BY: B. Morrison
Time Leq Lmax Lmin L2 L8 L25 L50
12:00 AM 58.7 76.6 38.7 68.3 63.5 56.7 51.7
1:00 AM 57.9 77.1 36.4 68.6 61.5 52.9 47.22:00 AM 56.5 77.4 36.4 66.8 59.5 51.9 45.63:00 AM 57.5 79.2 37.2 67.6 61.3 53.9 48.04:00 AM 60.8 83.2 37.2 70.2 64.6 58.4 53.25:00 AM 64.4 91.6 40.9 72.0 66.4 61.4 57.26:00 AM 66.2 83.8 44.9 74.0 70.4 65.9 62.57:00 AM 68.8 88.4 51.6 76.5 72.8 68.3 65.08:00 AM 70.1 87.3 53.9 77.4 74.6 70.3 66.59:00 AM 68.6 86.4 49.1 75.7 73.1 68.8 65.2 10:00 AM 69.5 92.1 51.6 76.4 73.2 69.2 65.511:00 AM 69.2 87.4 52.2 76.3 73.6 69.7 65.7 12:00 PM 69.8 83.7 52.8 76.9 74.4 70.0 66.3
1:00 PM 69.9 86.2 54.8 76.0 74.1 70.6 67.02:00 PM 69.9 92.8 53.8 76.4 73.5 69.7 66.23:00 PM 72.0 99.3 52.9 77.7 74.7 70.8 66.74:00 PM 72.5 99.1 54.4 77.1 74.8 70.6 66.95:00 PM 71.1 92.6 52.6 77.3 75.1 70.7 67.16:00 PM 69.5 89.7 52.7 76.0 73.4 69.6 66.27:00 PM 68.9 95.9 49.1 75.3 72.0 67.7 64.28:00 PM 73.1 102.9 48.3 76.0 72.3 68.2 64.29:00 PM 67.5 89.1 49.3 74.6 71.2 67.2 63.5 10:00 PM 65.1 82.2 44.3 73.3 69.6 64.6 60.111:00 PM 62.5 78.3 43.1 71.7 67.2 61.7 56.9 Daytime 70.1 102.9 44.3 76.3 73.5 69.4 65.7Nighttime 61.9 91.6 36.4 70.5 65.6 60.3 56.2 LOCATION: L-1

0.0 20.040.060.080.0
100.0120.0
12:00 AM
1:00 AM
2:00 AM
3:00 AM
4:00 AM
5:00 AM
6:00 AM
7:00 AM
8:00 AM
9:00 AM
10:00 AM
11:00 AM
12:00 PM
1:00 PM
2:00 PM
3:00 PM
4:00 PM
5:00 PM
6:00 PM
7:00 PM
8:00 PM
9:00 PM
10:00 PM
11:00 PM
Decibel (dB)
Time
Location-1, 24 Hour Noise Monitoring Results (Leq, Ln)
Leq Lmax Lmin L2 L8 L25 L50

Project: Engineer: B. Morrison Date: 06/02/2023
JN: 2776-2022-02
Measurement Address: Paseo de Valencia and Alicia Parkway City: Laguna Hills, CA Site No.:

47.0 Field Sheet - Noise Monitoring Location 2 Photo
Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center
Notes: Measurement was taken approximately 378 feet east of the proposed fuel center and approximately 61 feet south of the centerline of Paseo de Valencia.

Meter 2

Time Leq CNEL
12:00 AM 55.6 68.1
1:00 AM 55.3 68.12:00 AM 53.2 68.13:00 AM 54.1 68.14:00 AM 57.1 68.15:00 AM 58.7 68.16:00 AM 61.9 68.17:00 AM 66.3 68.18:00 AM 68.1 68.19:00 AM 66.1 68.1 10:00 AM 66.5 68.111:00 AM 67.1 68.1
12:00 PM 67.8 68.1
1:00 PM 67.9 68.12:00 PM 67.3 68.13:00 PM 67.9 68.14:00 PM 68.3 68.15:00 PM 68.4 68.16:00 PM 67.5 68.17:00 PM 63.5 68.18:00 PM 64.4 68.19:00 PM 64.1 68.1 10:00 PM 61.9 68.111:00 PM 59.4 68.1
Day Min: 63.5Night Min 53.2

0.0 10.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.0
12:00 AM
1:00 AM
2:00 AM
3:00 AM
4:00 AM
5:00 AM
6:00 AM
7:00 AM
8:00 AM
9:00 AM
10:00 AM
11:00 AM
12:00 PM
1:00 PM
2:00 PM
3:00 PM
4:00 PM
5:00 PM
6:00 PM
7:00 PM
8:00 PM
9:00 PM
10:00 PM
11:00 PM
Noise Level (dBA)
Location-2, 24-Hour Noise Monitoring Result (CNEL)
Leq CNEL

PROJECT: Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center JOB #: 2776-2022-02 NOISE METER: Piccolo II SLM, 24-Hour Measurement DATE: 06/02/2023 BY: B. Morrison
Time Leq Lmax Lmin L2 L8 L25 L50
12:00 AM 55.6 79.4 32.1 65.7 58.5 49.3 43.0
1:00 AM 55.3 79.0 31.1 65.8 56.6 45.2 38.42:00 AM 53.2 77.3 31.1 62.2 54.3 43.0 36.73:00 AM 54.1 79.5 31.3 63.5 55.2 46.1 39.24:00 AM 57.1 82.7 32.1 67.2 59.3 51.9 45.55:00 AM 58.7 84.7 34.1 68.3 60.8 54.2 49.26:00 AM 61.9 83.2 36.6 71.6 65.8 59.7 54.57:00 AM 66.3 88.5 42.2 74.6 70.9 65.8 61.38:00 AM 68.1 84.9 44.6 75.6 72.9 68.3 64.39:00 AM 66.1 84.5 39.5 74.5 71.3 65.7 61.4 10:00 AM 66.5 82.9 42.1 74.5 71.6 66.7 62.611:00 AM 67.1 88.1 44.6 74.9 72.0 67.1 62.5 12:00 PM 67.8 86.9 45.5 74.9 72.6 68.2 63.9
1:00 PM 67.9 82.8 46.4 75.0 72.7 68.7 64.42:00 PM 67.3 86.0 44.0 74.7 72.2 67.7 63.63:00 PM 67.9 92.2 44.0 75.1 72.8 68.0 63.74:00 PM 68.3 94.0 45.8 75.2 72.8 68.5 63.95:00 PM 68.4 92.2 45.1 75.5 73.1 68.4 64.06:00 PM 67.5 98.2 40.8 74.1 70.8 66.6 62.67:00 PM 63.5 83.6 42.3 71.6 68.2 63.6 59.58:00 PM 64.4 86.9 40.6 72.2 68.7 64.2 59.79:00 PM 64.1 88.0 39.4 72.5 69.0 63.6 58.4 10:00 PM 61.9 82.4 35.8 71.5 66.7 60.3 53.611:00 PM 59.4 79.1 34.5 69.7 64.0 56.3 50.2 Daytime 66.8 98.2 35.8 74.3 71.5 66.8 62.5Nighttime 57.8 84.7 31.1 67.7 61.0 53.9 48.3 LOCATION: L-2

0.0 20.040.060.080.0
100.0120.0
12:00 AM
1:00 AM
2:00 AM
3:00 AM
4:00 AM
5:00 AM
6:00 AM
7:00 AM
8:00 AM
9:00 AM
10:00 AM
11:00 AM
12:00 PM
1:00 PM
2:00 PM
3:00 PM
4:00 PM
5:00 PM
6:00 PM
7:00 PM
8:00 PM
9:00 PM
10:00 PM
11:00 PM
Decibel (dB)
Time
Location-2, 24 Hour Noise Monitoring Results (Leq, Ln)
Leq Lmax Lmin L2 L8 L25 L50

Appendix C

SoundPLAN Calculation Worksheets

Level
Source name Traffic lane Day Night
dB(A)
1 1.Fl 44.7 44.6
HVAC - 43.3 43.3
Parking Lot - 39.1 38.7
2 1.Fl 47.2 47.0
HVAC - 45.8 45.8
Parking Lot - 41.4 41.0
3 1.Fl 45.0 44.9
HVAC - 43.5 43.5
Parking Lot - 39.8 39.3
4 1.Fl 43.6 43.5
HVAC - 42.2 42.2
Parking Lot - 38.1 37.7
5 1.Fl 32.5 32.3
HVAC - 28.9 28.9
Parking Lot - 30.0 29.6
6 1.Fl 34.1 34.0
HVAC - 33.6 33.6
Parking Lot - 24.5 24.0
7 1.Fl 32.6 32.6
HVAC - 32.2 32.2
Parking Lot - 22.8 22.3
Contribution levels of the receivers
RK Engineering Group Inc. Page 548 of 706
group, inc. engineering

ALICIA TOWN CENTER RALPH'S FUEL CENTER
City of Laguna Hills, CA

AIR QUALITY AND GREENHOUSE GAS IMPACT STUDY

RK19135.doc
JN:2776-2022-03
ALICIA TOWN CENTER RALPH’S FUEL CENTER

AIR QUALITY AND GREENHOUSE GAS

IMPACT STUDY
City of Laguna Hills, California
Prepared for:

Monique Lacher

ALISO EQUITIES, LTD
2901 W. Coast Highway, Suite 200
Newport Beach, CA 92663
Prepared by:

RK ENGINEERING GROUP, INC.
1401 Dove Street, Suite 540
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Bryan Estrada, AICP
Becca Morrison
August 6, 2024

Table of Contents
Section Page

1.0 Introduction .............................................................................................. 1-1

1.1 Site Location 1-1

1.2 Project Description 1-1

1.3 Sensitive Receptors 1-2

1.4 Summary of Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impacts 1-2

1.5 Recommended Project Design Features 1-4

2.0 Air Quality Setting .................................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Description of Air Pollutants 2-1

2.2 Federal and State Ambient Air Quality Standards 2-4

2.3 Attainment Status 2-6

2.4 South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) 2-7

2.4.1 SCAQMD Rules and Regulations 2-8

2.5 Local Climate and Meteorology 2-9

2.6 Local Air Quality 2-10

3.0 Global Climate Change Setting ............................................................... 3-1

3.1 Greenhouse Gases 3-2

3.2 GHG Regulatory Setting – State of California 3-4

3.3 GHG Emissions Inventory 3-5

4.0 Modeling Parameters and Assumptions ................................................. 4-1

4.1 Construction Assumptions 4-1

4.2 Localized Construction Analysis Modeling Parameters 4-3

4.3 Operational Assumptions 4-3

4.3.1 Mobile Source Emissions 4-3

4.3.2 Energy Source Emissions 4-5

4.3.3 Area Source Emissions 4-6

4.3.4 Other Sources of Operational Emissions 4-6

5.0 Significance Thresholds............................................................................ 5-1

5.1 Regional Air Quality Significance Thresholds 5-1

5.2 Air Quality Localized Significance Thresholds 5-1

5.3 Health Risk Significance Thresholds 5-2

5.4 GHG Significance Thresholds 5-3

5.4.1 SCAQMD Recommended GHG Thresholds 5-3

Table of Contents (continued)
Section Page

6.0 Air Quality Impact Analysis...................................................................... 6-1

6.1 Short-Term Air Quality Impacts - Construction 6-1

6.1.1 Daily Emissions - Construction 6-1

6.1.2 Localized Emissions - Construction 6-2

6.1.3 Fugitive Dust - Construction 6-2

6.1.4 Odors - Construction 6-3

6.1.5 Asbestos - Construction 6-4

6.1.6 Diesel Particulate Matter - Construction 6-4

6.2 Long Terms Air Quality Impacts - Operation 6-5

6.2.1 Daily Emissions - Operation 6-5

6.2.2 Localized Emissions - Operation 6-6

6.2.3 Odors – Operation 6-7

6.2.4 Toxic Air Contaminants – Operation 6-8

7.0 Greenhouse Gas Impact Analysis ............................................................ 7-1

7.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Construction 7-1

7.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Operation 7-2

8.0 Energy Impact Analysis ............................................................................ 8-1

8.1 Study Objectives 8-1

8.2 Utility Providers 8-1

8.3 Project Energy Consumption 8-1

8.3.1 Electricity Consumption 8-2

8.3.2 Natural Gas Consumption 8-2

8.3.3 Petroleum Consumption 8-3

8.5 Summary of Project Energy Consumption 8-8

8.6 Energy Impacts 8-8

8.6.1 Energy Impact – A 8-8

8.6.2 Energy Impact – B 8-9

List of Attachments
Exhibits
Location Map ........................................................................................................... A Site Plan ................................................................................................................... B Tables
Land Use Summary ................................................................................................... 1 CEQA Air Quality Impact Criteria ............................................................................... 2 CEQA GHG Impact Criteria ........................................................................................ 3 Federal and State Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS) .......................................... 4 South Coast Air Basin Attainment Status ................................................................... 5 Meteorological Summary .......................................................................................... 6 Local Air Quality ....................................................................................................... 7 Global Warming Potential of Greenhouse Gases ........................................................ 8 GHG Emissions Inventory .......................................................................................... 9 Construction Equipment Assumptions ....................................................................... 10 Operational Vehicle Miles Traveled ............................................................................ 11 Operational Vehicle Mix – Manufacturing ................................................................. 12 Electricity and Natural Gas Usage .............................................................................. 13 Operational Water Usage and Waste Generation ....................................................... 14 SCAQMD Regional Air Quality Significance Thresholds .............................................. 15 SCAQMD Localized Significance Thresholds (LST) ...................................................... 16 SCAQMD Toxic Air Contaminant Thresholds .............................................................. 17 SCAQMD Tier 3 GHG Screening Values ..................................................................... 18 Daily Construction Emissions ..................................................................................... 19 Localized Construction Emissions .............................................................................. 20 Daily Operational Emissions ...................................................................................... 21 Localized Operational Emissions ................................................................................ 22 Risk Assessment Tables Parameters ............................................................................ 23 Project Residential and Occupational Cancer Risk ....................................................... 24 Maximum Allowable Gasoline Throughput ................................................................ 25 Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions ................................................................... 26 Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions ..................................................................... 27

List of Attachments Cont.

Appendices
Unmitigated Emissions Calculations Output (CalEEMod) ............................................ A SCAQMD Rule 416 – Gasoline Transfer and Dispensing ............................................. B

1-1

1.0 Introduction
The purpose of this air quality and greenhouse gas (GHG) impact study is to determine whether the estimated criteria air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions generated from the construction and operation of the proposed Alicia Town Center Ralph’s Fuel Center (hereinafter referred to as “project”) would cause significant impacts to air and energy resources.

This assessment was conducted within the context of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA, California Public Resources Code Sections 21000, et seq.). The methodology follows the California Air Resources Board (CARB), the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), and City of Laguna Hills recommendations for quantification of emissions and evaluation of potential impacts.

1.1 Site Location
The project site is located within the existing Alicia Town Center shopping center at the southeast corner of Alicia Parkway and Paseo de Valencia, in the City of Laguna Hills.

The project site is located within the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB), the SCAQMD Coastal General Forecast Area, and the Central Orange County Coastal Air Monitoring Area-20.

The project site is 0.67 acres and, as such, the project meets CEQA class 32 exemption of less than a 5-acre site.

The project location map is provided in Exhibit A.

1.2 Project Description
The proposed project consists of constructing and operating a 10-vehicle fueling position (VFP) gas station (five dual sided pump islands). The project will require the removal of 39 parking spaces and will add 4 spaces (306 total current parking spaces to 271 total parking spaces after the proposed project is constructed) within the existing Alicia Town Center shopping center. The site plan used for this analysis, provided by ALISO EQUITIES, LTD, is illustrated in Exhibit B.

Table 1 summarizes the proposed project land uses. It should be noted that the parking lot serving the proposed project is already part of the existing baseline site conditions, and therefore is not included in the assessment of project impacts.

1-2
Table 1
Land Use Summary
Project Land Use CalEEMod Land Use Category Quantity Metric Gas Station Gasoline/Service Station 10 Pumps
Construction of the project is estimated to begin in the year 2024 and last approximately 5 months. Construction activities are expected to consist of demolition, site preparation, grading, building construction, paving, and architectural coating. The project is expected to be operational in the year 2025.

The project site currently consists of the existing Ralph’s shopping center parking lot. The project will require approximately 1,500 cubic yards of asphalt demolition and removal, and approximately 1,500 cubic yards of earthwork export during construction.

1.3 Sensitive Receptors
Sensitive receptors are considered land uses or other types of population groups that are more sensitive to air pollution exposure. Sensitive population groups include children, the elderly, the acutely and chronically ill, and those with cardio-respiratory diseases. For CEQA purposes, the SCAQMD considers a sensitive receptor to be a location where a sensitive individual could remain for 24 hours or longer, such as residences, hospitals, and schools (etc), as described in the Localized Significance Threshold Methodology (SCAQMD 2008a, page 3-2).

The nearest sensitive land uses to the project site include the following:

Northern Receptors Existing residential land uses located approximately 216 feet (~66 meters) northeast of the proposed fuel center location, approximately 93 feet northeast of the centerline of Paseo de Valencia.

Eastern Receptors Existing residential land uses located approximately 322 feet (~98 meters) east of the proposed fuel center location, approximately 79 feet south of the centerline of Paseo de Valencia.

For conservative localized analysis purposes, the analysis considers sensitive receptors to be located approximately 50 meters (~164 feet) from the project site. A project site location

1-3
map, including sensitive receptor locations, is provided in Exhibit A.

1.4 Summary of Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Impacts
Table 2 provides a summary of the CEQA air quality impact analysis results. It should be noted that the air quality analysis includes a health risk assessment (HRA) screening.

According to the findings, the project’s potential cancer risks are deemed less than significant without the need for a comprehensive HRA. For more information on the HRA screening process and results, please refer to Section 6.2.4 of this report.

Table 2
CEQA Air Quality Impact Criteria
Air Quality Impact Criteria Potentially
Significant
Potentially
Significant
Unless
Mitigated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
Would the project:
a) Conflict with, or obstruct implementation of, the
applicable air quality plan? X
c) Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase
of any criteria pollutant for which the project
region is in non-attainment under an applicable
Federal or State ambient air quality standard?
X
d) Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant
concentrations? X
e) Result in other emissions (such as those leading
to odors) adversely affecting a substantial
number of people?
X
Table 3 provides a summary of the CEQA GHG impact criteria analysis results.

1-4
Table 3
CEQA GHG Impact Criteria
GHG Impact Criteria Potentially
Significant
Potentially
Significant
Unless
Mitigated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
Would the project:
a) Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either
directly or indirectly, that may have a significant
impact on the environment?
X
b) Conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or
regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing
emissions of greenhouse gases?
X

1.5 Recommended Project Design Features
The following recommended project design features include standard fugitive dust control measures, construction best practices, and building code requirements for reducing air quality and GHG emissions and energy usage. Project design features are typically included as part of the conditions of approval for the project but are not considered mitigation under CEQA.

Construction Design Features:

DF-1 Follow the standard SCAQMD rules and requirements with regards to fugitive dust control, which includes, but are not limited to the following:

1. All active unpaved construction areas shall be watered two (2) times daily.

2. Speed on unpaved roads shall be reduced to less than 15 mph.

3. Any visible dirt deposition on any public roadway shall be swept or washed at the site access points within 30 minutes.

4. Any on-site stockpiles of debris, dirt or other dusty material shall be covered or watered twice daily.

5. All operations on any unpaved surface shall be suspended if winds exceed 15 mph.

6. Access points shall be washed or swept daily.

7. Construction sites shall be sandbagged for erosion control.

1-5

8. Cover all trucks hauling dirt, sand, soil, or other loose materials, and maintain at least 2 feet of freeboard space in accordance with the requirements of California Vehicle Code (CVC) section 23114.

9. Pave or gravel access points and use track-out grates.

10. Replace the ground cover of disturbed areas as quickly possible.

DF-2 Construction equipment shall be maintained in proper tune.

DF-3 All construction vehicles shall be prohibited from excessive idling. Excessive idling is defined as five (5) minutes or longer.

DF-4 Minimize the simultaneous operation of multiple construction equipment units.

DF-5 The use of heavy construction equipment and earthmoving activity shall be suspended during Air Alerts when the Air Quality Index reaches the “Unhealthy” level.

DF-6 Establish an electricity supply to the construction site and use electric powered equipment instead of diesel-powered equipment or generators, where feasible.

DF-7 Establish staging areas for the construction equipment that are as distant as possible from adjacent sensitive receptors.

DF-8 Use haul trucks with on-road engines instead of off-road engines for on-site hauling.

DF-9 Utilize zero VOC and low VOC paints and solvents, where feasible.

Operational Design Features
DF-10 The project will comply with the mandatory requirements of SCAQMD Rule 461 regarding gasoline transferring and dispensing. A copy of SCAQMD Rule 461 is provided in Appendix B.

DF-11 The project will comply with the mandatory requirements of the California Building Standards Code, Title 24, Part 6 (Energy Code) and Part 11 (CALGreen).

2-1

2.0 Air Quality Setting
The Federal Clean Air Act (§ 7602) defines air pollution as any agent or combination of such agents, including any physical, chemical, biological, or radioactive substance which is emitted into or otherwise enters the ambient air. Household combustion devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities, and forest fires are common sources of air pollution. Air pollution can cause disease, allergies, and even death. It affects soil, water, crops, vegetation, manmade materials, animals, wildlife, weather, visibility, and climate. It can also cause damage to and deterioration of property, present hazards to transportation, and negatively impact the economy.

This section provides background information on criteria air pollutants, the applicable federal, state and local regulations concerning air pollution, and the existing physical setting of the project within the context of local air quality.

2.1 Description of Air Pollutants1.

The following section describes the air pollutants of concern related to the project. Criteria air pollutants are defined as those pollutants for which the federal and state governments have established air quality standards for outdoor or ambient concentrations to protect public health. The following descriptions of criteria air pollutants have been provided by the SCAQMD.
• Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, toxic gas produced by incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels (e.g., gasoline, diesel fuel, and biomass).

Sources include motor vehicle exhaust, industrial processes (metals processing and chemical manufacturing), residential wood burning, and natural sources. CO is somewhat soluble in water; therefore, rainfall and fog can suppress CO conditions.

CO enters the body through the lungs, dissolves in the blood, and competes with oxygen, often replacing it in the blood, thus reducing the blood's ability to transport oxygen to vital organs in the body. The ambient air quality standard for carbon monoxide is intended to protect persons whose medical condition already compromises their circulatory system's ability to deliver oxygen. These medical conditions include certain heart ailments, chronic lung diseases, and anemia. Persons with these conditions have reduced exercise capacity even when exposed to relatively low levels of CO. Fetuses are at risk because their blood has an even greater affinity to bind with CO. Smokers are also at risk from ambient CO levels because smoking 1 SCAQMD. Guidance Document for Addressing Air Quality Issues in General Plans and Local Planning (May 6, 2005)

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increases the background level of CO in their blood. The South Coast basin has recently achieved attainment status for carbon monoxide by both USEPA and CARB.

• Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) is a byproduct of fuel combustion. The principal form of nitrogen oxide produced by combustion is nitric oxide (NO), but NO reacts quickly to form NO2, creating the mixture of NO and NO2 commonly called NOx. NO2 acts as an acute irritant and, in equal concentrations, is more injurious than NO. At atmospheric concentrations, however, NO2 is only potentially irritating. There is some indication of a relationship between NO2 and chronic pulmonary fibrosis. Some increase in bronchitis in young children has also been observed at concentrations below 0.3 parts per million (ppm). NO2 absorbs blue light which results in a brownish red cast to the atmosphere and reduced visibility. Although NO2 concentrations have not exceeded national standards since 1991 and the state hourly standard since 1993, NOx emissions remain of concern because of their contribution to the formation of O3 and particulate matter.

• Ozone (O3) is one of several substances called photochemical oxidants that are formed when volatile organic compounds (VOC) and NOx react in the presence of ultraviolet sunlight. O3 concentrations in the South Coast basin are typically among the highest in the nation, and the damaging effects of photochemical smog, which is a popular name for a number of oxidants in combination, are generally related to the concentrations of O3. Individuals exercising outdoors, children, and people with preexisting lung disease, such as asthma and chronic pulmonary lung disease, are considered to be the subgroups most susceptible to O3 effects. Short-term exposures (lasting for a few hours) to O3 at levels typically observed in southern California can result in breathing pattern changes, reduction of breathing capacity, increased susceptibility to infections, inflammation of the lung tissue, and some immunological changes. In recent years, a correlation between elevated ambient O3 levels and increases in daily hospital admission rates, as well as mortality, has also been reported. The South Coast Air Basin is designated by the USEPA as an extreme nonattainment area for ozone. Although O3 concentrations have declined substantially since the early 1990s, the South Coast basin continues to have peak O3 levels that exceed both state and federal standards.
• Fine Particulate Matter (PM10) consists of extremely small, suspended particles or droplets 10 microns or smaller in diameter that can lodge in the lungs, contributing to respiratory problems. PM10 arises from such sources as re-entrained road dust, diesel soot, combustion products, tire and brake abrasion, construction operations, and fires. It is also formed in the atmosphere from NOx and SO2 reactions with ammonia. PM10 scatters light and significantly reduces visibility. Inhalable particulates

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pose a serious health hazard, alone or in combination with other pollutants. More than half of the smallest particles inhaled will be deposited in the lungs and can cause permanent lung damage. Inhalable particulates can also have a damaging effect on health by interfering with the body’s mechanism for clearing the respiratory tract or by acting as a carrier of an absorbed toxic substance. The South Coast basin has recently achieved federal attainment status for PM10, but is non-attainment based on state requirements.
• Ultra-Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) is defined as particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 microns and is a subset of PM10. PM2.5 consists mostly of products from the reaction of NOx and SO2 with ammonia, secondary organics, finer dust particles, and the combustion of fuels, including diesel soot. PM2.5 can cause exacerbation of symptoms in sensitive patients with respiratory or cardiovascular disease, declines in pulmonary function growth in children, and increased risk of premature death from heart or lung diseases in the elderly. Daily fluctuations in PM2.5 levels have been related to hospital admissions for acute respiratory conditions, school absences, and increased medication use in children and adults with asthma. The South Coast basin is designated as non-attainment for PM2.5 by both federal and state standards.
• Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) is a colorless, pungent gas formed primarily by the combustion of sulfur-containing fossil fuels. Health effects include acute respiratory symptoms and difficulty in breathing for children. Individuals with asthma may experience constriction of airways with exposure to SO2. Though SO2 concentrations have been reduced to levels well below state and federal standards, further reductions in SO2 emissions are needed because SO2 is a precursor to sulfate and PM10. The South Coast basin is considered a SO2 attainment area by USEPA and CARB. • Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal that can be emitted into the air through some industrial processes, burning of leaded gasoline and past use of lead-based consumer products. Lead is a neurotoxin that accumulates in soft tissues and bones, damages the nervous system, and causes blood disorders. It is particularly problematic in children, in that permanent brain damage may result, even if blood levels are promptly normalized with treatment. Concentrations of lead once exceeded the state and federal air quality standards by a wide margin, but as a result of the removal of lead from motor vehicle gasoline, ambient air quality standards for lead have not been exceeded since 1982. Though special monitoring sites immediately downwind of lead sources recorded localized violations of the state standard in 1994, no violations have been recorded since. Consequently, the South Coast basin is designated as an attainment area for lead by both the USEPA and CARB. This report

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does not analyze lead emissions from the project, as it is not expected to emit lead in any significant measurable quantity.
• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), although not actually a criteria air pollutant, VOCs are regulated by the SCAQMD because they cause chemical reactions which contribute to the formation of ozone. VOCs are also transformed into organic aerosols in the atmosphere, contributing to higher PM10 and lower visibility levels.

Sources of VOCs include combustion engines, and evaporative emissions associated with fuel, paints and solvents, asphalt paving, and the use of household consumer products such as aerosols. Although health-based standards have not been established for VOCs, health effects can occur from exposures to high concentrations of VOC. Some hydrocarbon components classified as VOC emissions are hazardous air pollutants. Benzene, for example, is a hydrocarbon component of VOC emissions that are known to be a human carcinogen. The term reactive organic gases (ROG) are often used interchangeably with VOC.
• Toxic Air Contaminants (TACs) are defined as air pollutants which may cause or contribute to an increase in mortality or serious illness, or which may pose a hazard to human health, and for which there is no concentration that does not present some risk. This contrasts with the criteria pollutants, in that there is no threshold level for TAC exposure below which adverse health impacts are not expected to occur. The majority of the estimated health risk from TACs can be attributed to a relatively few compounds, the most common being diesel particulate matter (DPM) from diesel engine exhaust. In addition to DPM, benzene and 1,3-butadiene are also significant contributors to overall ambient public health risk in California.

2.2 Federal and State Ambient Air Quality Standards
The Federal Clean Air Act, which was last amended in 1990, requires the EPA to set National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for criteria pollutants considered harmful to public health and the environment. The State of California has also established additional and more stringent California Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) in addition to the seven criteria pollutants designated by the federal government.

AAQS are designed to protect the health and welfare of the populace with a reasonable margin of safety. The standards are divided into two categories, primary standards, and secondary standards. Primary standards are implemented to provide protection for the “sensitive” populations such as those with asthma, or the children and elderly. Secondary standards are to provide protection against visible pollution as well as damage to the surrounding environment, including animals, crops, and buildings.

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Table 4 shows the Federal and State Ambient Air Quality Standards.

Table 4
Federal and State Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS)1 Air Pollutant Averaging
Time 2
Federal Standard
(NAAQS)2
California Standard
(CAAQS)2
Ozone
1 Hour -- 0.09 ppm
8 Hour 0.070 ppm 0.070 ppm
Carbon Monoxide
(CO)
1 Hour 35 ppm 20 ppm
8 Hour 9 ppm 9 ppm
Nitrogen Dioxide
(NO2)
1 Hour 0.100 ppm 0.18 ppm
Annual 0.053 ppm 0.030 ppm
Sulfur Dioxide
(SO2)
1 Hour 0.075 ppm 0.25 ppm
3 Hour 0.5 ppm3 --
24 Hour -- 0.04 ppm
Particulate Matter
(PM10)
24 Hour 150 μg/m³ 50 μg/m³
Mean -- 20 μg/m³
Particulate Matter
(PM2.5)
24 Hour 35 μg/m³ --
Annual 12 μg/m³ 12 μg/m³
Lead
30-day -- 1.5 μg/m
Quarter 1.5 μg/m --
3-month average 0.15 μg/m --
Visibility reducing
particles 8 Hour -- 0.23/km extinction coefficient. (10-mile visibility standard) Sulfates 24 Hour -- 25 μg/m
Vinyl chloride 24 Hour -- 0.01 ppm
Hydrogen sulfide 24 Hour -- 0.03 ppm
1 Source: USEPA: https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants/naaqs-table and CARB: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/california-ambient-air-quality-standards 2 ppm = parts per million of air, by volume; μg/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter; Annual = Annual Arithmetic Mean; 30-day = 30-day average; Quarter = Calendar quarter. 3 Secondary standards

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Several pollutants listed in Table 4 are not addressed in this analysis. Lead is not included because the project is not anticipated to emit lead. Visibility-reducing particles are not explicitly addressed in this analysis because particulate matter is addressed. The project is not expected to generate or be exposed to vinyl chloride because the proposed project uses do not utilize the chemical processes that create this pollutant and there are no such uses in the project vicinity. The proposed project is not expected to cause exposure to hydrogen sulfide because it would not generate hydrogen sulfide in any substantial quantity.

2.3 Attainment Status
The Clean Air Act requires states to prepare a State Implementation Plan (SIP) to ensure air quality meets the NAAQS. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) provides designations of attainment for air basins where AAQS are either met or exceeded. If the AAQS are met, the area is designated as being in “attainment”, if the air pollutant concentrations exceed the AAQS, then the area is designated as being in “nonattainment”. If there is inadequate or inconclusive data to make a definitive attainment designation, the area is considered “unclassified.”
National nonattainment areas are further designated as marginal, moderate, serious, severe, or extreme as a function of deviation from standards. Each standard has a different definition, or ‘form’ of what constitutes attainment, based on specific air quality statistics.

For example, the Federal 8-hour CO standard is not to be exceeded more than once per year; therefore, an area is in attainment of the CO standard if no more than one 8-hour ambient air monitoring values exceeds the threshold per year. In contrast, the federal annual PM2.5 standard is met if the three-year average of the annual average PM2.5 concentration is less than or equal to the standard.

When a state submits a request to the EPA to re-designate a nonattainment area to attainment, the Clean Air Act (CAA) section 175A(a) requires that the state (or states, if the area is a multi-state area) submit a maintenance plan ensuring the area can maintain the air quality standard for which the area is to be re-designated for at least 10 years following the effective date of re-designation.

Table 5 lists the attainment status for the criteria pollutants in the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB).

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Table 5
South Coast Air Basin Attainment Status1
Pollutant State Status National Status
Ozone Nonattainment Nonattainment (Extreme)2
Carbon monoxide Attainment Attainment
(Maintenance)
Nitrogen dioxide Attainment Attainment
(Maintenance)
PM10 Nonattainment Attainment
(Maintenance)
PM2.5 Nonattainment Nonattainment
Lead Attainment Nonattainment (Partial)3
1 Source: California Air Resources Board. http://www.arb.ca.gov/desig/adm/adm.htm 2 8-Hour Ozone.
3 Partial Nonattainment designation – Los Angeles County portion of Basin only.

2.4 South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) The agency responsible for air pollution control for the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) is the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). SCAQMD is responsible for controlling emissions primarily from stationary sources. SCAQMD maintains air quality monitoring stations throughout the SCAB. SCAQMD, in coordination with the Southern California Association of Governments, is also responsible for developing, updating, and implementing the Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) for the SCAB. An AQMP is a plan prepared and implemented by an air pollution district for a county or region designated as nonattainment of the federal and/or California ambient air quality standards. The term nonattainment area is used to refer to an air SCAB where one or more ambient air quality standards are exceeded.

The latest version is the 2016 AQMP. The 2016 AQMP is a regional blueprint for achieving federal air quality standards and healthful air. While air quality has dramatically improved over the years, the SCAB still exceeds federal public health standards for both ozone and particulate matter (PM) and experiences some of the worst air pollution in the nation. The 2016 AQMP includes both stationary and mobile source strategies to ensure that rapidly approaching attainment deadlines are met, that public health is protected to the maximum extent feasible, and that the region is not faced with burdensome sanctions if the Plan is not approved or if the NAAQS are not met on time.

According to the 2016 AQMP, the most significant air quality challenge in the SCAB is to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions sufficiently to meet the upcoming ozone standard deadlines. Based on the inventory and modeling results, 522 tons per day (tpd) of total

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SCAB NOx 2012 emissions are projected to drop to 255 tpd and 214 tpd in the 8-hour ozone attainment years of 2023 and 2031 respectively, due to continued implementation of already adopted regulatory actions (“baseline emissions”). The analysis suggests that total SCAB emissions of NOx must be reduced to approximately 141 tpd in 2023 and 96 tpd in 2031 to attain the 8-hour ozone standards. This represents an additional 45 percent reduction in NOx in 2023, and an additional 55 percent NOx reduction beyond 2031 levels.2

2.4.1 SCAQMD Rules and Regulations
The SCAQMD establishes a program of rules and regulations to obtain attainment of the state and federal standards in conjunction with the AQMP. Several of the rules and regulations that may be applicable to this project include, but are not limited to, the following:
• SCAQMD Rule 402 prohibits a person from discharging from any source whatsoever such quantities of air contaminants or other material which cause injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to any considerable number of persons or to the public, or which endanger the comfort, repose, health or safety of any such persons or the public, or which cause, or have a natural tendency to cause, injury or damage to business or property.
• SCAQMD Rule 403 governs emissions of fugitive dust during construction and operation activities. Compliance with this rule is achieved through application of standard Best Management Practices, such as application of water or chemical stabilizers to disturbed soils, covering haul vehicles, restricting vehicle speeds on unpaved roads to 15 miles per hour, sweeping loose dirt from paved site access roadways, cessation of construction activity when winds exceed 25 mph, and establishing a permanent ground cover on finished sites. • SCAQMD Rule 445 restricts wood burning devices from being installed into any new development and is intended to reduce the emissions of particulate matter for wood burning devices.
• SCAQMD Rule 1113 governs the sale, use, and manufacturing of architectural coating and limits the VOC content in paints and paint solvents. This rule regulates the VOC content of paints available during construction. Therefore, all paints and 2 SCAQMD. Final 2016 Air Quality Management Plan. http://www.aqmd.gov/home/air-quality/clean-airplans/air-quality-mgt-plan/final-2016-aqmp

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solvents used during construction and operation of project must comply with Rule 1113.
• SCAQMD Rule 1143 governs the manufacture, sale, and use of paint thinners and solvents used in thinning of coating materials, cleaning of coating application equipment, and other solvent cleaning operations by limiting their VOC content.

This rule regulates the VOC content of solvents used during construction. Solvents used during the construction phase must comply with this rule. • SCAQMD Rule 1186 limits the presence of fugitive dust on paved and unpaved roads and sets certification protocols and requirements for street sweepers that are under contract to provide sweeping services to any federal, state, county, agency or special district such as water, air, sanitation, transit, or school district. • SCAQMD Rule 1401 specifies limits for maximum individual cancer risk (MICR), cancer burden, and noncancer acute and chronic hazard index (HI) from new permit units, relocations, or modifications to existing permit units which emit toxic air contaminants (TAC).

2.5 Local Climate and Meteorology
The project is located in the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB). Climatological data from the nearest weather station to the project site is summarized in Table 6.

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Table 6
Meteorological Summary1
Month
Monthly Temperature Averages (˚F) Average Total
Precipitation
(inches) Max. Min. Mean
January 65.1 43.0 54.1 2.43
February 66.1 44.1 55.1 2.77
March 67.1 45.8 56.5 2.01
Total 69.0 48.4 58.7 0.98
May 70.9 53.0 62.0 0.25
June 73.1 56.1 64.6 0.10
July 76.5 59.3 67.9 0.03
August 78.1 59.6 68.9 0.07
September 77.5 58.2 67.9 0.26
October 74.5 53.7 64.1 0.47
November 70.4 47.5 59.0 1.24
December 66.1 43.4 54.8 1.92
Annual 71.2 51.0 61.1 12.52
1 Source: Western Regional Climate Center. Averages derived from measurements recorded between 1928 – 2016 at Laguna Beach, CA (044647).

2.6 Local Air Quality
The air quality at any site is dependent on the regional air quality and local pollutant sources. Regional air quality is determined by the release of pollutants throughout the air basin. Estimates of the existing emissions in the Basin provided in the Final 2016 Air Quality Management Plan, prepared by SCAQMD in March 2017, indicate that collectively, mobile sources account for 60 percent of the VOC, 90 percent of the NOx emissions, 95 percent of the CO emissions and 34 percent of directly emitted PM2.5, with another 13 percent of PM2.5 from road dust.

The SCAQMD has divided the SCAB into fourteen general forecasting areas and thirty-eight Source Receptor Areas (SRA) for monitoring and reporting local air quality. The SCAQMD provides daily reports of the current air quality conditions in each general forecast area and SRA. The monitoring areas provide a general representation of the local meteorological, terrain, and air quality conditions within the SCAB.

The project is located within the Coastal general forecasting area and Central Orange County Coastal air monitoring area (SRA-20). Air quality data is derived from the nearest

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available station to the project site, located at Saddleback Valley (SRA-19). For air quality data not present within the Saddleback Valley air monitoring station, air quality data is derived from the nearest available adjacent station, South Coastal LA County 4 (SRA-4).

Table 7 summarizes the published air quality monitoring for the most recent 3-year period available. These pollutant levels were used to comprise a “background” for the project location and existing local air quality.

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Table 7
Local Air Quality
Air Pollutant
Location
Averaging
Time Item 2019 2020 2021
Carbon
Monoxide
--
Saddleback Valley
1 Hour
Max 1-Hour (ppm) 1.0 1.7 1.0
Exceeded State Standard (20 ppm) No No No
Exceeded National Standard (35 ppm) No No No
8 Hour
Max 8 Hour (ppm) 0.8 0.8 0.8
Days > State Standard (9 ppm) No No No
Days >National Standard (9 ppm) No No No
Ozone
--
Saddleback Valley
1 Hour
Max 1-Hour (ppm) 0.106 0.171 0.105
Days > State Standard (0.09 ppm) 3.0 20.0 2.0
8 Hour
Max 8 Hour (ppm) 0.087 0.122 0.081
Days > State Standard (0.070 ppm) 11 32 8
Days >National Standard (0.070 ppm) 11 32 8
Nitrogen Dioxide
--
South Coastal LA
County 4
1 Hour
Max 1-Hour (ppm) -- 0.075 0.059
Exceeded State Standard (0.18 ppm) -- No No
Annual
Annual Average (ppm) -- 0.013 0.013
Exceeded State Standard (0.030 ppm) -- No No
Exceeded National Standard (0.053 ppm) -- No No
Sulfur Dioxide
--
South Coastal LA
County 4
1 Hour
Max 1 Hour (ppm) -- -- 0.0059
Exceeded State Standard (0.25 ppm) -- -- No
Exceeded National Standard (0.075 ppm) -- -- No
Suspended
Particles (PM10)
--
Saddleback Valley
24 Hour
Max 24-Hour (μg/m³) 45 53 35
Days > State Standard (50 μg/m³) 0 1 0
Days >National Standard (150 μg/m³) 0 0 0
Annual
Annual Average (μg/m³) 16.60 16.80 15.60
Exceeded State Standard (20 μg/m³) No No No
Fine Particulates
(PM2.5)
--
Saddleback Valley
24 Hour
Max 24-Hour (μg/m³) 20.80 35.00 28.70
Days >National Standard (35 μg/m³) 0 0 0
Annual
Annual Average (μg/m³) 7.11 8.81 8.27
Exceeded State Standard (12 μg/m³) No No No
Exceeded National Standard (15 μg/m³) No No No
Source : https://www.aqmd.gov/home/air-quality/historical-air-quality-data/historical-data-by-year μg/m³ = micrograms per cubic meter
ARB = California Air Resource Board
EPA= Environmental Protection Agency
ppm = part per million
(- -) = Data not provided

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3.0 Global Climate Change Setting
Global climate change is the change in the average weather of the earth that is measured by such things as alterations in temperature, wind patterns, storms, and precipitation.

Current data shows that the recent period of warming is occurring more rapidly than past geological events. The average global surface temperature has increased by approximately

1.4° Fahrenheit since the early 20th Century. 1.4° Fahrenheit may seem like a small change, but it's an unusual event in Earth's recent history, and as we are seeing, even small changes in temperature can cause enormous changes in the environment.

The planet’s climate record, preserved in tree rings, ice cores, and coral reefs, shows that the global average temperature has been stable over long periods of time. For example, at the end of the last ice age, when the Northeast United States was covered by more than 3,000 feet of ice, average global temperatures were only 5° to 9° Fahrenheit cooler than today. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which includes more than 1,300 scientists from the United States and other countries, forecasts a temperature rise of

2.5° to 10° Fahrenheit over the next century. Therefore, significant changes to the environment are expected in the near future.

The consequences of global climate change include more frequent and severe weather, worsening air pollution by increasing ground-level ozone, higher rates of plant and animal extinction, more acidic and oxygen-depleted oceans, strains on food and water resources, and threats to densely populated coastal and low lying areas from sea level rise.

The impacts of climate change are already visible in the Southwest United States. In California, the consequences of climate change include; • A rise in sea levels resulting in the displacement of coastal businesses and residencies
• A reduction in the quality and supply of water from the Sierra snowpack • Increased risk of large wildfires
• Exacerbation of air quality problems
• Reductions in the quality and quantity of agricultural products • An increased temperature and extreme weather events
• A decrease in the health and productivity of California’s forests

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3.1 Greenhouse Gases
GHGs comprise less than 0.1 percent of the total atmospheric composition, yet they play an essential role in influencing climate. Greenhouse gases include naturally occurring compounds such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), water vapor (H2O), and nitrous oxide (N2O), while others are synthetic. Man-made GHGs include the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), as well as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Different GHGs have different effects on the Earth's warming. GHGs differ from each other in their ability to absorb energy (their "radiative efficiency") and how long they stay in the atmosphere, also known as the "lifetime".

The Global Warming Potential (GWP) was developed to allow comparisons of the global warming impacts of different gases. Specifically, it is a measure of how much energy the emissions of 1 ton of a gas will absorb over a given period of time, relative to the emissions of 1 ton of CO2. The larger the GWP, the more that a given gas warms the Earth compared to CO2 over that time period. The time period usually used for GWPs is 100 years. GWPs provide a common unit of measure, which allows analysts to add up emissions estimates of different gases and allows policymakers to compare emissions reduction opportunities across sectors and gases.

Table 8 lists the 100-year GWP of GHGs from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) fifth assessment report (AR5) and IPCC sixth (6th) assessment report (AR6).

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Table 8
Global Warming Potential of Greenhouse Gases1, 2
Gas Name Formula Lifetime (years) GWP
Carbon Dioxide CO2 1
Methane
CH4 (Fossil Origin)
12 29.8
CH4 (Non-Fossil Origin) 27.2
Nitrous Oxide N2O 114 273
Sulphur Hexafluoride SF6 3200 23,500
Nitrogen Trifluoride NF3 740 16,100
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC-11) CFC-11 52 8,321
Hexafluoroethane (PFC-116) C2F6 10,000 11,100
Octafluoropropane (PFC-218) C3F8 2,600 8,900
Octafluorocyclobutane (PFC-318) C4F8 3,200 9,540
Tetrafluoromethane (PFC-14) CF4 50,000 5,301
Hydrofluorocarbon 125 HFC-125 29 3,170
Hydrofluorocarbon 134a HFC-134a 14 1,526
Hydrofluorocarbon 143a HFC-143a 52 4,800
Hydrofluorocarbon 152a HFC-152a 1 138
Hydrofluorocarbon 227ea HFC-227ea 34 3,350
Hydrofluorocarbon 23 HFC-23 270 12,400
Hydrofluorocarbon 236fa HFC-236fa 240 8,060
Hydrofluorocarbon 245fa HFC-245fa 8 858
Hydrofluorocarbon 32 HFC-32 5 771
Hydrofluorocarbon 365mfc HFC-365mfc 9 804
Hydrofluorocarbon 43-10mee HFC-43-10mee 16 1,650
1 Source: IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6),
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf & https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter08_FINAL.pdf 2 GWPs are used to convert GHG emission values to "carbon dioxide equivalent" (CO2e) units

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3.2 GHG Regulatory Setting – State of California
The State of California has been a leader in climate change legislation and has passed numerous bills to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across all sectors of the economy.

Some of the key climate legislation in the State include the following:
• Assembly Bill (AB) 32, California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006. AB 32 set the stage for the State’s transition to a sustainable, low-carbon future. AB 32 was the first program in the country to take a comprehensive, long-term approach to addressing climate change.3
• Senate Bill (SB) 375, Sustainable Communities & Climate Protection Act of 2008. SB 375 requires the Air Resources Board to develop regional greenhouse gas emission reduction targets for passenger vehicles GHG reduction targets for 2020 and 2035 for each region covered by the State's 18 metropolitan planning organizations.4
• Senate Bill (SB) 100, California Renewables Portfolio Standard Program. SB 100 established a landmark policy requiring renewable energy and zero-carbon resources supply 100 percent of electric retail sales to end-use customers by 2045.5 3 California Air Resources Board. AB 32 Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/fact-sheets/ab-32-global-warming-solutions-act-2006 4 California Air Resources Board. Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Program. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/sustainable-communities-climate-protection-program/about 5 California Energy Commission. SB 100 Joint Agency Report. https://www.energy.ca.gov/sb100

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3.3 GHG Emissions Inventory
Table 9 shows the latest GHG emission inventories at the national, state, regional and local levels.

Table 9
GHG Emissions Inventory1
United States
(2019)2
State of California
(2019)3
SCAG
(2020)4
6,558 MMTCO2e 418 MMTCO2e 216.4 MMTCO2e
1 MMTCO2e = Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent 2 https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks 3 https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/pubs/reports/2000_2019/ghg_inventory_trends_00-19.pdf 4 http://www.scag.ca.gov/programs/Pages/GreenhouseGases.aspx. Projected Emission from SACG - Regional GHG Inventory and Reference Case Projections, 1990-2035, dated May 30, 2012.

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4.0 Modeling Parameters and Assumptions
The California Emissions Estimator Model Version 2022.1.1 (CalEEMod) was used to calculate criteria air pollutants and GHG emissions during the construction and operation of the project. CalEEMod is a statewide land use emissions computer model designed to provide a uniform platform for government agencies, land use planners, and environmental professionals to quantify criteria air pollutants and GHG emissions.

The model quantifies direct emissions from construction and operation activities (including vehicle use), as well as indirect emissions, such as GHG emissions from off-site energy generation, solid waste disposal, vegetation planting and/or removal, and water use. The model also identifies design features to reduce criteria pollutant and GHG emissions. The model was developed for the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA) in collaboration with the California air districts.

4.1 Construction Assumptions
Construction of the project is estimated to begin in the year 2024 and last approximately 5 months. Construction activities are expected to consist of demolition, site preparation, grading, building construction, paving, and architectural coating. The project is expected to be operational in the year 2025. For the purposes of this analysis, construction phases are not expected to overlap.

The project site currently consists of the existing Ralph’s shopping center parking lot. The project will require approximately 1,500 cubic yards of asphalt demolition and approximately 1,500 cubic yards of earthwork export during construction.

The CalEEMod default construction equipment list is based on survey data and the size of the site. The parameters used to estimate construction emissions, such as the worker and vendor trips and trip lengths, utilize the CalEEMod defaults. The construction equipment list is shown in Table 10.

The project will be required to comply with several standard fugitive dust control measures, per SCAQMD Rule 403 – Fugitive Dust6
. The following construction control strategies have
been utilized in CalEEMod based on Rule 403:
6 SCAQMD. Fugitive Dust Mitigation Measures. http://www.aqmd.gov/home/rules-compliance/ceqa/airquality-analysis-handbook/mitigation-measures-and-control-efficiencies/fugitive-dust

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• Water demolished area – 36% PM10 and PM2.5 reduction. • Water exposed area – 61% PM10 and PM2.5 reduction.
• Water unpaved roads twice daily – 55% PM10 and PM2.5 reduction. • Limit vehicle speeds on unpaved roads to 25 mph – 44% PM10 and PM2.5 reduction. • Sweep paved roads once per month – 9% PM10 and PM2.5 reduction.

Table 10
Construction Equipment Assumptions1
Phase Equipment Number
Hours
Per
Day
Soil
Disturbance
Rate
(Acres/
8hr-Day)2
Off-Road
Equipment
Daily
Disturbance
Footprint
(Acres)
Total Daily
Disturbance
Footprint
(Acres)
Demolition
Concrete/Industrial Saws 1 8 0.0 0.00
Rubber Tired Dozers 1 1 0.5 0.06 0.8
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 6 0.5 0.75
Site
Preparation
Graders 1 8 0.5 0.50

1.0 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 8 0.5 0.50
Grading
Graders 1 6 0.5 0.38
Rubber Tired Dozers 1 6 0.5 0.38 1.2
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 7 0.5 0.44
Building
Construction
Cranes 1 4 0.0 0.00
Forklifts 2 6 0.0 0.00 1.0
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 8 0.5 1.00
Paving
Cement and Mortar
Mixers 4 6 0.0 0.00

0.4 Pavers 1 7 0.0 0.00
Rollers 1 7 0.0 0.00
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 7 0.5 0.44
Architectural
Coating Air Compressors 1 6 0.0 0.00 0.0
1 CalEEMod Defaults

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4.2 Localized Construction Analysis Modeling Parameters CalEEMod calculates construction emissions based on the number of equipment hours and the maximum daily disturbance activity possible for each piece of equipment. This report identifies the following parameters in the project design or applicable mitigation measures in order to compare CalEEMod reported emissions against the localized significance threshold lookup tables:
1) The off-road equipment list (including types of equipment, horsepower, and hours of operation) assumed for the day of construction activity with maximum emissions. 2) The maximum number of acres disturbed on the peak day. 3) Any emission control devices added onto off-road equipment. 4) Specific dust suppression techniques used on the day of construction activity with maximum emissions.

4.3 Operational Assumptions
Operational emissions occur over the life of the project and are considered “long-term” sources of emissions. Operational emissions include both direct and indirect sources. This section briefly describes the operational sources of emissions analyzed for the project.

4.3.1 Mobile Source Emissions
Mobile source emissions are the largest source of long-term air pollutants from the operation of the project. Mobile sources are direct sources of project emissions that are primarily attributed to tailpipe exhaust and road dust (tire, brake, clutch, and road surface wear) from motor vehicles traveling to and from the site.

Estimates of mobile source emissions require information on four parameters: trip generation, trip length, vehicle/fleet mix, and emission factors (quantity of emission for each mile traveled or time spent idling by each vehicle).

The trip generation rates used in this analysis are based on the Alicia Town Center Ralph’s Fuel Center REVISED Traffic Impact Analysis Scoping Agreement, RK Engineering, May 2023 and the ITE Trip Generation Manual, 11th Edition. Trip lengths and trip percentages for this project are based on the CalEEMod defaults.

The Emission Factors (EMFAC2021) 2021 model and off-model adjustments factors to account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule are used to estimate the mobile source emissions

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embedded in the CalEEMod emissions model. No adjustments have been made to default emission factors.

The project’s total vehicle miles traveled estimated by CalEEMod is shown in Table 11.

Table 11
Operational Vehicle Miles Traveled1
Land Use Annual Vehicle Miles Traveled
(VMT)
Gasoline/Service Station 6,805,666
1 CalEEMod defaults.

Table 12 summarizes the CalEEMod default vehicle mix used for manufacturing land uses.

Table 12
Operational Vehicle Mix – Manufacturing 1
YUY Vehicle Mix (%)
Light Duty Automobile (LDA) 49.97%
Light Duty Truck (LDTI) 4.14%
Light Duty Truck (LDT2) 23.15%
Medium Duty Truck (MDV) 14.46%
Light Heavy Truck (LHD1) 2.74%
Light Heavy Truck (LHD2) 0.70%
Medium Heavy Truck (MHD) 1.53%
Heavy Heavy Truck (HHD) 0.55%
Other Bus (OBUS) 0.06%
Urban Bus (UBUS) 0.04%
Motorcycle (MCY) 2.18%
School Bus (SBUS) 0.10%
Motor Home (MH) 0.38%
Total 100.0%
1 CalEEMod defaults.

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4.3.2 Energy Source Emissions

Energy usage includes both direct and indirect sources of emissions. Direct sources of emissions include on-site natural gas usage (non-hearth) for heating, while indirect emissions include electricity generated by offsite power plants. Natural gas use is measured in units of a thousand British Thermal Units (kBTU) per size metric for each land use subtype and electricity use is measured in kilowatt hours (kWh) per size metric for each land use subtype.

CalEEMod divides building electricity and natural gas use into uses that are subject to Title 24 standards and those that are not. Lighting electricity usage is also calculated as a separate category in CalEEMod. For electricity, Title 24 uses include the major building envelope systems covered by Part 6 (California Energy Code) of Title 24, such as space heating, space cooling, water heating, and ventilation. Non-Title 24 uses include all other end uses, such as appliances, electronics, and other miscellaneous plug-in uses. Because some lighting is not considered as part of the building envelope energy budget, and since a separate mitigation measure is applicable to this end use, CalEEMod makes lighting a separate category.

For natural gas, uses are likewise categorized as Title 24 or Non-Title 24. Title 24 uses include building heating and hot water end uses. Non-Title 24 natural gas uses include cooking and appliances (including pool/spa heaters).

The baseline values are based on the California Energy Commission (CEC) sponsored California Commercial End Use Survey (CEUS) and Residential Appliance Saturation Survey (RASS) studies.

Table 13
Electricity and Natural Gas Usage
Land Use Electricity Usage1
(KWhr/yr)2
Natural Gas Usage1
(KBTU/yr)2
Gasoline/Service Station 1,651.11 7,427.02
Total 1,651.11 7,427.02
1 CalEEMod default estimates.
2 KWhr/yr = Kilowatt Hours per Year
KBTU/yr = Thousand British Thermal Units per Year

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4.3.3 Area Source Emissions
Area source emissions are direct sources of emissions that fall under four categories:
hearths, consumer products, architectural coatings, and landscaping equipment. Per SCAQMD rule 445, no wood-burning devices are allowed in new developments; therefore, no wood hearths are included in this project.

Consumer products are various solvents used in non-industrial applications which emit ROGs during their product use. These typically include cleaning supplies, kitchen aerosols, cosmetics, and toiletries.

4.3.4 Other Sources of Operational Emissions
Water. Greenhouse gas emissions are generated from the upstream energy required to supply and treat the water used on the project site. Indirect emissions from water usage are counted as part of the project’s overall impact.

Waste. CalEEMod calculates the indirect GHG emissions associated with waste that is disposed of at a landfill. The program uses annual waste disposal rates from the California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) data for individual land uses.

The program quantifies the GHG emissions associated with the decomposition of the waste which generates methane based on the total amount of degradable organic carbon.

The estimated project water usage and waste generation is reported in Table 14.

Table 14
Operational Water Usage and Waste Generation1
Land Use
Water Usage
(Million gallons/year) Waste Generation
(tons/year)1
Indoor Outdoor Total
Gasoline/Service Station 132,818.89 - 132,818.89 5.39
Total 132,818.89 - 132,818.89 5.39
1 CalEEMod default unmitigated estimates.

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5.0 Significance Thresholds

5.1 Regional Air Quality Significance Thresholds
The SCAQMD has established air quality emissions thresholds for criteria air pollutants the purpose of determining whether a project may have a significant effect on the environment per Section 15002(g) of the Guidelines for implementing CEQA. By complying with the thresholds of significance, the project would be in compliance with the SCAQMD Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) and the federal and state air quality standards.

Table 15 lists the air quality significance thresholds for the six air pollutants analyzed in this report. Lead is not included as part of this analysis as the project is not expected to emit lead in any significant measurable quantity.

Table 15
SCAQMD Regional Air Quality Significance Thresholds
Pollutant Construction (lbs/day) Operation (lbs/day)
NOX 100 55
VOC 75 55
PM10 150 150
PM2.5 55 55
SOX 150 150
CO 550 550
1 Source: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ceqa/handbook/scaqmd-air-quality-significancethresholds.pdf

5.2 Air Quality Localized Significance Thresholds
Air quality emissions were analyzed using the SCAQMD’s Mass Rate Localized Significance Threshold (LST) Look-up Tables.

Table 16 lists the Localized Significance Thresholds (LST) used to determine whether a project may generate significant adverse localized air quality impacts. LSTs represent the maximum emissions from a project that are not expected to cause or contribute to an exceedance of the most stringent applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard.

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LSTs are developed based on the ambient concentrations of four applicable air pollutants for source receptor area (SRA) 20 – Central Orange County Coastal.

The nearest existing sensitive receptors are located to the northeast of the project site, approximately 66 meters from potential areas of on-site construction and operational activity. Although receptors are located approximately 66 meters from the proposed fuel center, this study utilizes the 50-meter significance thresholds for a conservative analysis.

The daily disturbance area is calculated to be 1.2 acres. Because LST thresholds are only based on 1, 2 and 5-acre sites, a linear trendline has been used to estimate the threshold at 1.2 acres.

Table 16
SCAQMD Localized Significance Thresholds (LST)1
Pollutant Construction (lbs/day) Operation (lbs/day)
NOX 102.6 102.6
CO 825.3 825.3
PM10 14.7 4.5
PM2.5 5.5 1.9
1 Source: SCAQMD Mass Rate Localized Significance Thresholds for a 1.2-acre site in SRA-20 at 50 meters.

5.3 Health Risk Significance Thresholds
The SCAQMD has developed recommended health risk significance thresholds to assist lead agencies in determining a project’s health risk impacts. A project that exceeds the established thresholds would be considered to have a significant impact. Conversely, projects that do not exceed the established thresholds are considered to have a less than significant impact.

Table 17 lists the SCAQMD significance thresholds for the toxic air contaminants evaluated in analyzed in this report. Per the SCAQMD Emission Inventory and Risk Assessment Guidelines for Gasoline Dispensing Stations, dated January 2007, the risks associated with retail gasoline dispensing facilities are dominated by cancer risk, and the hazard index for these facilities are not required to be calculated. Therefore, this analysis only analyzes the project’s potential cancer risks impacts.

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Table 17
SCAQMD Toxic Air Contaminants (TACs) Thresholds1
Pollutant Significance Thresholds
TACs
(Including carcinogens and
non-carcinogens)
Maximum Incremental Cancer Risk ≥ 10 in 1 million
Cancer Burden > 0.5 excess cancer cases (in areas ≥ 1 in 1 million)
Chronic & Acute Hazard Index ≥ 1.0 (project increment)
1 Source: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ceqa/handbook/scaqmd-air-quality-significancethresholds.pdf

5.4 GHG Significance Thresholds

5.4.1 SCAQMD Recommended GHG Thresholds
SCAQMD has developed recommended GHG thresholds of significance to assist local agencies with determining the impact of a project for CEQA. SCAQMD’s objective in providing the GHG guidelines is to establish a performance standard that will ultimately contribute to reducing GHG emissions below 1990 levels, and thus achieve the requirements of the California Global Warming Solutions Act (AB 32).

SCAQMD first issued the Interim CEQA Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Significance Thresholds guidance document in October 2008 and has since held several stakeholder working group meetings where the staff has presented updated recommendations. The latest recommended GHG thresholds are based on the GHG CEQA Significance Threshold Stakeholder Working Group #15, September 2010.

The SCAQMD describes a five-tiered approach for determining GHG Significance Thresholds.
• Tier 1 - If a project is exempt from CEQA, project-level and cumulative GHG emissions are less than significant.
• Tier 2 - If the project complies with a GHG emissions reduction plan or mitigation program that avoids or substantially reduces GHG emissions in the project’s geographic area (i.e., city or county), project-level and cumulative GHG emissions are less than significant.

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For projects that are not exempt or where no qualifying GHG reduction plans are directly applicable, SCAQMD requires an assessment based on the following tiers. • Tier 3 - Consists of screening values that are intended to capture 90 percent of the GHG emissions from projects. If a project’s emissions are under the screening thresholds, then the project is less than significant. SCAQMD has presented two options that lead agencies could choose for screening values. Option #1 sets the thresholds for residential projects to 3,500 MTCO2e/year, commercial projects to 1,400 MTCO2e/year), and mixed use to 3,000 MTCO2e/year. Option #2 sets a single numerical threshold for all non-industrial projects of 3,000 MTCO2e/year. The current staff recommendation is to use option #2, but allows lead agencies to choose option #1 if they prefer.

Regardless of which option a lead agency chooses to follow, it is recommended that the same option is consistently used for all projects.

Table 18 shows the screening levels described in option #2, which has been used previously in the City of Menifee.

Table 18
SCAQMD Tier 3 GHG Screening Values
Land Use Screening Value
Industrial Projects 10,000 MTCO2e/Yr
Residential/Commercial Projects 3,000 MTCO2e/Yr

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6.0 Air Quality Impact Analysis

6.1 Short-Term Air Quality Impacts - Construction

6.1.1 Daily Emissions - Construction
Daily air quality emissions include both on-site and off-site emissions associated with the construction of the project.

Table 19
Daily Construction Emissions
Maximum Daily Emissions (lbs/day)1
Activity VOC NOx CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5
Demolition 0.65 11.51 9.18 0.04 5.83 1.27
Site Preparation 0.52 4.62 5.82 0.01 0.51 0.26
Grading 1.35 19.99 14.75 0.06 4.50 2.08
Building Construction 0.56 5.60 6.98 0.01 0.26 0.24
Paving 0.57 4.44 6.16 0.01 0.42 0.23
Architectural Coating 0.47 0.88 1.14 0.00 0.03 0.03
Maximum1 1.35 19.99 14.75 0.06 4.50 2.08
SCAQMD Threshold 75 100 550 150 150 55
Exceeds Threshold (?) No No No No No No
1 Maximum daily emission during summer or winter; includes both on-site and off-site project emissions.

The project must follow mandatory SCAQMD rules and requirements with regards to fugitive dust control, as described in Section 6.1.3. Compliance with the standard dust control measures is considered to be part of the conditions of approval for the project and built into the design features.

Table 19 shows that the project’s daily construction emissions will be below the applicable SCAQMD air quality standards and thresholds of significance. As a result, the project would not contribute substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation.

Furthermore, by complying with the SCAQMD standards, the project would not contribute to a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project

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region is non-attainment under an applicable Federal or State ambient air quality standard (including releasing emissions that exceed quantitative thresholds for ozone precursors).

The project’s short-term construction impact on regional air resources is less than significant.

6.1.2 Localized Emissions - Construction
Table 20 illustrates the construction-related localized emissions and compares the results to SCAQMD LST thresholds. The project emissions will be below the SCAQMD thresholds of significance for localized construction emissions. The project must follow all standard SCAQMD rules and requirements with regard to fugitive dust control, as described in Section 6.1.3. Compliance with the dust control is considered a standard requirement and included as part of the project’s design features, not mitigation.

Table 20
Localized Construction Emissions
Maximum Daily Emissions (lbs/day)1
Activity NOx CO PM10 PM2.5
On-site Emissions 11.39 10.72 4.29 1.50
SCAQMD Construction Threshold2 102.60 825.30 14.70 5.50 Exceeds Threshold (?) No No No No
1 Maximum unmitigated daily emission during summer or winter; includes on-site project emissions only. 2 Reference 2006-2008 SCAQMD Mass Rate Localized Significant Thresholds for construction and operation.

SRA-20, Central Orange County Coastal, 1.2-acre site, receptor distance 50 meters.

The project’s short-term construction impact on localized air resources is less than significant.

6.1.3 Fugitive Dust - Construction
The Project is required to comply with standard SCAQMD rules that assist in reducing short-term air pollutant emissions associated with suspended particulate matter, also known as fugitive dust. Fugitive dust emissions are commonly associated with land clearing activities, cut-and-fill grading operations, and exposure of soils to the air and wind.

SCAQMD Rule 403 requires that fugitive dust is controlled with best-available control measures so that the presence of such dust does not remain visible in the atmosphere beyond the property line of the emission source. In addition, SCAQMD Rules 402 and 403

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require the implementation of dust suppression techniques to prevent fugitive dust from creating a nuisance off-site.

To ensure full compliance with the applicable dust control standards, the following project design features are recommended for the project:

DF-1 Follow the standard SCAQMD rules and requirements with regards to fugitive dust control, which include, but are not limited to the following:

1. All active unpaved construction areas shall be watered two (2) times daily.

2. Speed on unpaved roads shall be reduced to less than 15 mph.

3. Any visible dirt deposition on any public roadway shall be swept or washed at the site access points within 30 minutes.

4. Any on-site stockpiles of debris, dirt, or other dusty material shall be covered or watered twice daily.

5. All operations on any unpaved surface shall be suspended if winds exceed 15 mph.

6. Access points shall be washed or swept daily.

7. Construction sites shall be sandbagged for erosion control.

8. Cover all trucks hauling dirt, sand, soil, or other loose materials, and maintain at least 2 feet of freeboard space in accordance with the requirements of California Vehicle Code (CVC) section 23114.

9. Pave or gravel access points and use track-out grates.

10. Replace the ground cover of disturbed areas as quickly as possible.

6.1.4 Odors - Construction
Heavy-duty equipment in the project area during construction will emit odors; however, the construction activity would cease to occur after individual construction is completed.

The project is required to comply with Rule 402 during construction, which states that a person shall not discharge from any source whatsoever such quantities of air contaminants or other material which cause injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to any considerable number of persons or to the public, or which endanger the comfort, repose, health or safety of any such persons or the public, or which cause, or have a natural tendency to cause, injury or damage to business or property. No other sources of objectionable odors have been identified for the proposed Project.

The project impact from odor emissions is less than significant.

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6.1.5 Asbestos - Construction
Asbestos is a carcinogen and is categorized as a hazardous air pollutant by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Asbestos fibers embedded within construction materials become a health hazard once they are disturbed and rendered airborne, such as through physical contacts like building renovation and demolition activities. Asbestos is regulated through the National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) and SCAQMD is the local enforcement authority for asbestos.

Asbestos also occurs naturally in serpentine and ultramafic rock. Based on the California Division of Mines and Geology General Location Guide for Ultramafic Rocks in California - Areas More Likely to Contain Naturally Occurring Asbestos, naturally occurring asbestos has not been shown to occur within the vicinity of the project site. Therefore, the potential risk for naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) during project construction is small.

In the event asbestos is found on the site, the project will be required to comply with SCAQMD and NESHAP standards and protocols. SCAQMD Rule 1403 establishes the survey requirements, notification, and work practice requirements to prevent asbestos emissions during construction activities. By following the required asbestos abatement protocols, the project impact from asbestos would be less than significant.

6.1.6 Diesel Particulate Matter - Construction
The project will generate diesel particulate matter (DPM) during construction from off-road diesel equipment and trucks. The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) adopted the Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments (HRA Guidelines) to provide procedures for use in the Air Toxics Hot Spots Program or for the permitting of existing, new, or modified stationary sources.7

The HRA Guidelines provide risk factors based on exposure to toxic substances over a 30- year life span. The proposed project’s construction activity is not expected to be a longterm (i.e., 30 years) source of toxic air contaminant emissions and short-term risk factors have not been developed. Due to the significantly reduced risk from short-term exposure, SCAQMD does not typically require the evaluation of long-term cancer risk or chronic health impacts for construction operations from a project such as the one being proposed. 7 OEHHA. Air Toxics Hot Spots Program. Risk Assessment Guidelines. Guidance for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments. February 2015.

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In addition, the following design features will help reduce diesel exhaust emissions and are recommended to be included as part of the conditions of approval.

DF-2 Construction equipment should be maintained in proper tune.

DF-3 All construction vehicles should be prohibited from excessive idling. Excessive idling is defined as five (5) minutes or longer.

DF-4 Minimize the simultaneous operation of multiple construction equipment units, to the maximum extent feasible.

DF-5 The use of heavy construction equipment and earthmoving activity should be suspended during Air Alerts when the Air Quality Index reaches the “Unhealthy” level.

DF-6 Establish an electricity supply to the construction site and use electricpowered equipment instead of diesel-powered equipment or generators, where feasible.

DF-7 Establish staging areas for the construction equipment that as far from adjacent residential homes, as feasible.

DF-8 Use haul trucks with on-road engines instead of off-road engines for on-site hauling.

DF-9 Utilize zero VOC and low VOC paints and solvents, where feasible.

6.2 Long-Term Air Quality Impacts - Operation

6.2.1 Daily Emissions - Operation
Long-term operational air pollutant impacts from the project are shown in Table 21. The project is not expected to exceed any of the allowable daily emissions thresholds for criteria pollutants at the regional level. CalEEMod daily emissions outputs are provided in Appendix A.

The project’s daily operational emissions will be below the applicable SCAQMD air quality thresholds of significance and the project would not contribute substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation. Furthermore, by complying with the SCAQMD standards,

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the project would not contribute to a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non-attainment under an applicable Federal or State ambient air quality standard (including releasing emissions that exceed quantitative thresholds for ozone precursors).

The project-related long-term air quality impacts are less than significant.

Table 21
Daily Operational Emissions
Maximum Daily Emissions (lbs/day)1,2
Activity VOC NOx CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5
Mobile Sources 12.60 11.66 123.01 0.32 11.95 2.27
Energy Sources 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
Area Sources 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 12.61 11.66 123.02 0.32 11.95 2.27
SCAQMD Threshold 55 55 550 150 150 55
Exceeds Threshold (?) No No No No No No
1 Maximum daily emission during summer or winter; includes both on-site and off-site project emissions. 2 CalEEMod emissions reports are provided in Appendix A.

6.2.2 Localized Emissions - Operation
Table 22 shows the localized operational emissions and compares the results to SCAQMD LST thresholds of significance. As shown in Table 22, the emissions will be below the SCAQMD thresholds of significance for localized operational emissions. The project will result in less than significant localized operational emissions impacts.

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Table 22
Localized Operational Emissions
Maximum Daily Emissions (lbs/day)1
LST Pollutants
NOx CO PM10 PM2.5
(lbs/day) (lbs/day) (lbs/day) (lbs/day)
On-site Emissions1 0.58 6.16 0.6 0.1
SCAQMD Operation Threshold2,3 102.6 825.3 4.5 1.9
Exceeds Threshold (?) No No No No
1 Maximum daily emission in summer or winter.
2 Mobile source emissions include on-site vehicle emissions only. It is estimated that approximately 5% of mobile emissions will occur on the project site.
3 Reference 2006-2008 SCAQMD Mass Rate Localized Significant Thresholds for construction and operation.

SRA-20, Central Orange County Coastal, 1.2-acre site, receptor distance 50 meters.

6.2.3 Odors - Operation
Land uses that commonly receive odor complaints include agricultural uses (i.e. livestock), chemical plants, composting operations, dairies, fiberglass molding facilities, food processing plants, landfills, refineries, rail yards, and wastewater treatment plants. The proposed project does not contain land uses that would typically be associated with significant odor emissions.

The project will be required to comply with standard building code requirements related to exhaust ventilation, as well as comply with SCAQMD Rule 402. Rule 402 requires that a person may not discharge from any source whatsoever such quantities of air contaminants or other material which cause injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to any considerable number of persons or to the public, or which endanger the comfort, repose, health or safety of any such persons or the public, or which cause, or have a natural tendency to cause, injury or damage to business or property. Project-related odors are not expected to meet the criteria of being a nuisance. The project’s operation would result in less than significant odor impacts.

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6.2.4 Toxic Air Contaminants - Operations
The proposed project consists of installing a vehicle fueling center at the existing Alicia Town Center Ralph’s shopping center. This type of project has been identified by the SCAQMD as a potential source of toxic air contaminant (TAC) emissions that may result in significant pollutant exposure to sensitive receptors. In order to determine whether the proposed project will result in significant TAC emissions, the following health risk assessment screening has been prepared.

AQMD Health Risk Screening Tables
The AQMD has developed risk assessment tables to estimate cancer risks from the industrywide source category of retail gasoline dispensing facilities. The risk assessment tables provide the maximum cancer risk for a gasoline dispensing station at various locations in the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) and at various residential and occupational distances.

Assessment of retail gasoline dispensing facilities using the risk assessment tables is consistent with the AQMD’s risk assessment procedure for Rule 1401 and the CAPCOA risk assessment guidance for gasoline service stations.

The following equation for calculating cancer risk (CR) was utilized by the AQMD to develop their risk assessment tables, based on a one million gallon per year throughput:

CR = CP • Cann • AFann • DBR • EVF • 10-6 • MP,
where:
• CR = Cancer risk,
• CP = Cancer potency,
• Cann = The model-predicted annual average benzene concentration, • AFann = Concentration adjustment factor,
• DBR = Daily breathing rate,
• EVF = Exposure value factor, and
• MP = Multipathway Factor.

Cancer risk from a proposed typical gasoline service station can be estimated using the risk assessment tables by using the nearest meteorological station to the project site and the distance from the service station to the nearest residential and occupational locations to identify the appropriate cancer risk from the screening tables. The cancer risk can then be scaled up using the actual gasoline throughput of the proposed service station.

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Operational Health Risk Assessment Screening
The proposed project site is located in the Central Orange County Coastal SCAQMD Air Monitoring Area (SRA – 20). Therefore, the Costa Mesa meteorological station is used to identify the appropriate cancer risk from the screening tables.

The nearest residential receptors are the existing residential land uses located approximately 66 meters northeast of the project site, and the nearest occupational receptor is the existing Ralph’s shopping center located approximately 25 meters east of the project site.

Although the nearest residential receptors are located at a distance of approximately 66 meters, the SCAQMD risk assessment tables are based on downwind distances of 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 meters. Therefore, this analysis conservatively uses the 50-meter downwind distance parameter for the residential receptors.

Table 23 shows the parameters used in this study to identify the appropriate residential and occupational cancer risks from the screening tables.

Table 23
Risk Assessment Tables Parameters
Risk Category Location Annual Throughput
(MM gal/yr)1
Receptor Distance
(meters)
Cancer Risk
(in one million)2
Residential
Costa Mesa 1.0
50 1.22
Occupational 25 0.66
1 MM gal/yr = millions of gallons per year. 2
Source: SCAQMD Emission Inventory and Risk Assessment Guidelines for Gasoline Dispensing Stations, Tables 3 and 4.

The annual throughput for the proposed project is expected to be approximately 3,285,000 gallons per year. Table 24 shows the calculated residential and occupational cancer risks based on the actual gasoline throughput of the project.

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Table 24
Project Residential and Occupational Cancer Risk
Risk Category Location Annual Throughput
(MM gal/yr)1
Project Cancer Risk
(in one million)
Residential
Costa Mesa 3.285

4.01 Occupational 2.17
Maximum Individual Cancer Risk: 4.01
SCAQMD Cancer Risk Threshold of Significance: 10 in one million Exceeds Threshold (?) No
1 MM gal/yr = millions of gallons per year.

Based on Table 24, the project’s maximum individual cancer risk is approximately 4.01 in one million, which is below the SCAQMD threshold of 10 in one million.

The proposed project has the potential to increase its annual gasoline throughput over time. To ensure that future increases will not result in a maximum individual cancer risk in excess of the established thresholds, an analysis of the project’s maximum allowable throughput has been prepared. Table 25 shows the project’s maximum annual gasoline throughput, based on the risk assessment parameters identified in Table 23.

Table 25
Maximum Allowable Gasoline Throughput
Risk Category Location Annual Throughput
(MM gal/yr)1
Project Cancer Risk
(in one million)
Residential
Costa Mesa 8.189

9.99 Occupational 5.40
Maximum Individual Cancer Risk: 9.99
SCAQMD Cancer Risk Threshold of Significance: 10 in one million Exceeds Threshold (?) No
1 MM gal/yr = millions of gallons per year.

As shown in Table 25, the recommended maximum gasoline throughput for the project is

8.189 MM gal/yr. To further ensure full compliance with the applicable thresholds of significance, the following project design feature is recommended for the project:

6-11
DF-10 The project will comply with the mandatory requirements of SCAQMD Rule 461 regarding gasoline transfer and dispensing. A copy of SCAQMD Rule 461 is provided in Appendix B.

By complying with the SCAQMD standards, the project would not contribute to a cumulatively considerable net increase in cancer risk and TAC emissions. Therefore, the proposed project’s future cancer risk impacts are considered less than significant without the need for a full health risk assessment.

7-1

7.0 Greenhouse Gas Impact Analysis

7.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Construction
Greenhouse gas emissions are estimated for on-site and off-site construction activity using CalEEMod. Table 26 shows the construction greenhouse gas emissions, including equipment and worker vehicle emissions for all phases of construction. Construction emissions are averaged over 30 years and added to the long-term operational emissions, pursuant to SCAQMD recommendations.

CalEEMod annual GHG output calculations are provided in Appendix A.

Table 26
Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Activity
Emissions (MTC02e)1
On-site Off-site Total
Demolition 3.88 25.72 29.60
Site Preparation 0.39 0.03 0.42
Grading 1.56 6.45 8.01
Building Construction 59.81 0.08 59.89
Paving 1.87 0.51 2.39
Architectural Coating 0.30 0.00 0.30
Total 67.82 32.79 100.61
Amortized over 30 years2 2.26 1.09 3.35
1 MTCO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (includes carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and/or hydrofluorocarbon).
2 The emissions are amortized over 30 years and added to the operational emissions, pursuant to SCAQMD recommendations.

Because impacts from construction activities occur over a relatively short-term period of time, they contribute a relatively small portion of the overall lifetime project GHG emissions. By itself, the construction activities from this project are less than significant when compared to the thresholds recommended by SCAQMD. However, SCAQMD recommends that construction emissions be amortized over a 30-year project lifetime and added to the overall project operational emissions. In doing so, construction GHG emissions are included in the overall contribution of the project, as further discussed in the following section.

7-2

7.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Operation
Greenhouse gas emissions are estimated for on-site and off-site operational activity using CalEEMod. Greenhouse gas emissions from mobile sources, area sources, and energy sources are shown in Table 27. CalEEMod annual GHG output calculations are provided in Appendix A.

Table 27
Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Emission Source GHG Emissions (MTCO2e)1
Mobile Source 2,413.20
Area Source 0.00
Energy Source 0.84
Water 0.42
Waste 1.68
Refrigerant 0.00
Construction (30-year amortization) 3.35
Total Annual Emissions 2,419.50
SCAQMD Tier 3 Screening Threshold2 3,000
Exceeds Tier 3 Threshold? No
1 MTCO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents. 2 Per South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Draft Guidance Document - Interim CEQA Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Significance Threshold, October 2008.

As shown in Table 27, the project’s GHG emissions are expected to be below the SCAQMD’s Tier 3 approach, which limits GHG emissions to 3,000 MTCO2e.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Exhibits

engineering group, inc. ALICIA TOWN CENTER RALPH'S FUEL CENTER AIR QUALITY, GREENHOUSE GAS, AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT IMPACT STUDY, City of Laguna Hills, CA 2776-2022-03 Location Map Exhibit A N ~216' ~322' Northern Receptors Eastern Receptors Legend: = Alicia Town Center Boundary = Fuel Center Location = Project Site Boundary

engineering group, inc. Site Plan Exhibit B NALICIA TOWN CENTER RALPH'S FUEL CENTER AIR QUALITY, GREENHOUSE GAS, AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT IMPACT STUDY, City of Laguna Hills, CA 2776-2022-03

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Appendices

Appendix A

Unmitigated Emissions Calculations Output
(CalEEMod)

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Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report
Table of Contents

1. Basic Project Information

1.1. Basic Project Information

1.2. Land Use Types

1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector

2. Emissions Summary

2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds

2.2. Construction Emissions by Year, Unmitigated

2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds

2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated

3. Construction Emissions Details

3.1. Demolition (2024) - Unmitigated

3.3. Site Preparation (2024) - Unmitigated

3.5. Grading (2024) - Unmitigated

3.7. Building Construction (2024) - Unmitigated

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3.9. Building Construction (2025) - Unmitigated

3.11. Paving (2025) - Unmitigated

3.13. Architectural Coating (2025) - Unmitigated

4. Operations Emissions Details

4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use

4.1.1. Unmitigated

4.2. Energy

4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated

4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated

4.3. Area Emissions by Source

4.3.2. Unmitigated

4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use

4.4.2. Unmitigated

4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use

4.5.2. Unmitigated

4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use

4.6.1. Unmitigated

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4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type

4.7.1. Unmitigated

4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type

4.8.1. Unmitigated

4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type

4.9.1. Unmitigated

4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type

4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated

4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated

4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated

5. Activity Data

5.1. Construction Schedule

5.2. Off-Road Equipment

5.2.1. Unmitigated

5.3. Construction Vehicles

5.3.1. Unmitigated

5.4. Vehicles

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5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies

5.5. Architectural Coatings

5.6. Dust Mitigation

5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities

5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies

5.7. Construction Paving

5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors

5.9. Operational Mobile Sources

5.9.1. Unmitigated

5.10. Operational Area Sources

5.10.1. Hearths

5.10.1.1. Unmitigated

5.10.2. Architectural Coatings

5.10.3. Landscape Equipment

5.11. Operational Energy Consumption

5.11.1. Unmitigated

5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption

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5.12.1. Unmitigated

5.13. Operational Waste Generation

5.13.1. Unmitigated

5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment

5.14.1. Unmitigated

5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment

5.15.1. Unmitigated

5.16. Stationary Sources

5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps

5.16.2. Process Boilers

5.17. User Defined

5.18. Vegetation

5.18.1. Land Use Change

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated

5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated

5.18.2. Sequestration

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5.18.2.1. Unmitigated

8. User Changes to Default Data

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1. Basic Project Information

1.1. Basic Project Information
Data Field Value
Project Name Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center
Construction Start Date 10/1/2024
Operational Year 2025
Lead Agency —
Land Use Scale Project/site
Analysis Level for Defaults County
Windspeed (m/s) 2.50
Precipitation (days) 6.00
Location 33.59149436673869, -117.69884570402408
County Orange
City Laguna Hills
Air District South Coast AQMD
Air Basin South Coast
TAZ 6037
EDFZ 12
Electric Utility San Diego Gas & Electric
Gas Utility Southern California Gas
App Version 2022.1.1.13

1.2. Land Use Types
Land Use Subtype Size Unit Lot Acreage Building Area (sq ft) Landscape Area (sq ft)
Special Landscape
Area (sq ft)
Population Description

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Gasoline/Service
Station

10.0 Pump 0.03 184 0.00 0.00 — —

1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector No measures selected

2. Emissions Summary

2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Un/Mit. TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 2.11 1.35 20.0 14.8 0.06 0.62 5.58 5.83 0.57 1.50 2.08 — 8,482 8,482 0.60 1.08 0.37 8,819 Average
Daily
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 0.14 0.11 1.23 1.33 < 0.005 0.05 0.17 0.22 0.04 0.04 0.08 — 404 404 0.02 0.03 0.17 414 Annual
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 0.03 0.02 0.22 0.24 < 0.005 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 — 67.0 67.0 < 0.005 0.01 0.03 68.6

2.2. Construction Emissions by Year, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Year TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily -
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

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Daily - — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Winter
(Max)
2024 2.11 1.35 20.0 14.8 0.06 0.62 5.58 5.83 0.57 1.50 2.08 — 8,482 8,482 0.60 1.08 0.37 8,819 2025 0.68 0.57 5.14 6.94 0.01 0.22 0.23 0.42 0.20 0.05 0.23 — 1,306 1,306 0.05 0.01 0.02 1,311 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2024 0.14 0.11 1.23 1.33 < 0.005 0.05 0.17 0.22 0.04 0.04 0.08 — 404 404 0.02 0.03 0.17 414 2025 0.10 0.08 0.77 1.04 < 0.005 0.03 < 0.005 0.04 0.03 < 0.005 0.03 — 193 193 0.01 < 0.005 0.01 193 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2024 0.03 0.02 0.22 0.24 < 0.005 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 — 67.0 67.0 < 0.005 0.01 0.03 68.6 2025 0.02 0.02 0.14 0.19 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 0.01 — 31.9 31.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 32.0

2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Un/Mit. TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 14.0 12.6 10.7 123 0.32 0.19 11.8 12.0 0.18 2.08 2.27 3.16 32,833 32,836 1.66 1.19 126 33,358 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 13.9 12.5 11.7 113 0.31 0.19 11.8 12.0 0.18 2.08 2.27 3.16 31,557 31,560 1.71 1.25 3.26 31,978 Average
Daily
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 10.9 10.1 6.50 63.0 0.14 0.09 5.16 5.26 0.09 0.92 1.00 3.16 14,334 14,337 1.21 0.68 23.9 14,594 Annual
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 1.99 1.85 1.19 11.5 0.03 0.02 0.94 0.96 0.02 0.17 0.18 0.52 2,373 2,374 0.20 0.11 3.95 2,416

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2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Sector TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 14.0 12.6 10.7 123 0.32 0.19 11.8 12.0 0.18 2.08 2.27 — 32,826 32,826 1.35 1.19 126 33,341 Area < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.03 Energy < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 5.04 5.04 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.06 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 0.25 1.46 1.71 0.03 < 0.005 — 2.56 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 2.90 0.00 2.90 0.29 0.00 — 10.2 Total 14.0 12.6 10.7 123 0.32 0.19 11.8 12.0 0.18 2.08 2.27 3.16 32,833 32,836 1.66 1.19 126 33,358 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 13.9 12.5 11.7 113 0.31 0.19 11.8 12.0 0.18 2.08 2.27 — 31,550 31,550 1.39 1.25 3.26 31,960 Area — < 0.005 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Energy < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 5.04 5.04 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.06 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 0.25 1.46 1.71 0.03 < 0.005 — 2.56 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 2.90 0.00 2.90 0.29 0.00 — 10.2 Total 13.9 12.5 11.7 113 0.31 0.19 11.8 12.0 0.18 2.08 2.27 3.16 31,557 31,560 1.71 1.25 3.26 31,978 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 10.9 10.1 6.50 62.9 0.14 0.09 5.16 5.26 0.09 0.92 1.00 — 14,327 14,327 0.89 0.68 23.9 14,576 Area < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.02 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.02 Energy < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 5.04 5.04 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.06 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 0.25 1.46 1.71 0.03 < 0.005 — 2.56 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 2.90 0.00 2.90 0.29 0.00 — 10.2 Total 10.9 10.1 6.50 63.0 0.14 0.09 5.16 5.26 0.09 0.92 1.00 3.16 14,334 14,337 1.21 0.68 23.9 14,594

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Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 1.99 1.85 1.19 11.5 0.03 0.02 0.94 0.96 0.02 0.17 0.18 — 2,372 2,372 0.15 0.11 3.95 2,413 Area < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 Energy < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.84 0.84 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.84 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 0.04 0.24 0.28 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.42 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 0.48 0.00 0.48 0.05 0.00 — 1.68 Total 1.99 1.85 1.19 11.5 0.03 0.02 0.94 0.96 0.02 0.17 0.18 0.52 2,373 2,374 0.20 0.11 3.95 2,416

3. Construction Emissions Details

3.1. Demolition (2024) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.61 0.51 4.69 5.79 0.01 0.19 — 0.19 0.17 — 0.17 — 852 852 0.03 0.01 — 855 Demolitio
n
— — — — — — 4.10 4.10 — 0.62 0.62 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.02 0.01 0.13 0.16 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 23.3 23.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 23.4

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Demolitio — — — — — — 0.11 0.11 — 0.02 0.02 — — — — — — — Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment
< 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 3.87 3.87 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 3.88 Demolitio
n
— — — — — — 0.02 0.02 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.03 0.03 — 129 129 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 130 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.53 0.10 6.77 2.88 0.03 0.07 1.34 1.41 0.07 0.38 0.44 — 5,274 5,274 0.42 0.84 0.29 5,535 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 3.58 3.58 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 3.63 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.01 < 0.005 0.19 0.08 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.04 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 144 144 0.01 0.02 0.13 152 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.59 0.59 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.60 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 23.9 23.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 25.1

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3.3. Site Preparation (2024) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.60 0.50 4.60 5.56 0.01 0.24 — 0.24 0.22 — 0.22 — 858 858 0.03 0.01 — 861 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.21 0.21 — 0.02 0.02 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment
< 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 2.35 2.35 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 2.36 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — — — — — — — Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment
< 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.39 0.39 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.39

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Dust — — — — — — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — — — — — — — From
Material
Movement
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.02 0.02 — 64.5 64.5 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 65.2 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.18 0.18 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.18 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.5. Grading (2024) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 15 / 39
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

1.41 1.19 11.4 10.7 0.02 0.53 — 0.53 0.49 — 0.49 — 1,713 1,713 0.07 0.01 — 1,719 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 2.09 2.09 — 1.00 1.00 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.01 0.01 0.06 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 9.39 9.39 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 9.42 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment
< 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 1.55 1.55 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.56 Dust
From
Material
Movement
— — — — — — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — — — — — — — Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

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Daily, — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Summer
(Max)
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.02 0.02 — 96.7 96.7 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 97.9 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.67 0.13 8.57 3.64 0.04 0.08 1.70 1.78 0.08 0.48 0.56 — 6,672 6,672 0.53 1.06 0.36 7,002 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.54 0.54 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.54 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 < 0.005 0.05 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 36.6 36.6 < 0.005 0.01 0.03 38.4 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.09 0.09 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.09 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 6.05 6.05 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 6.36

3.7. Building Construction (2024) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.67 0.56 5.60 6.98 0.01 0.26 — 0.26 0.23 — 0.23 — 1,305 1,305 0.05 0.01 — 1,309

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Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.09 0.08 0.79 0.98 < 0.005 0.04 — 0.04 0.03 — 0.03 — 184 184 0.01 < 0.005 — 184 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.02 0.01 0.14 0.18 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 30.4 30.4 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 30.5 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.76 0.76 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.77 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.98 0.98 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.02 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.11 0.11 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.11 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.14 0.14 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.14 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.02 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.02 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

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3.9. Building Construction (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.62 0.52 5.14 6.94 0.01 0.22 — 0.22 0.20 — 0.20 — 1,305 1,305 0.05 0.01 — 1,309 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.08 0.07 0.69 0.94 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 176 176 0.01 < 0.005 — 177 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.02 0.01 0.13 0.17 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 29.2 29.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 29.3 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 19 / 39
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.74 0.74 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.75 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.96 0.96 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.10 0.10 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.10 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.13 0.13 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.14 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.02 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.02 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.11. Paving (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.61 0.51 4.37 5.31 0.01 0.19 — 0.19 0.18 — 0.18 — 823 823 0.03 0.01 — 826 Paving — 0.00 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 20 / 39
Off-Road
Equipment

0.01 0.01 0.06 0.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 11.3 11.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 11.3 Paving — 0.00 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment
< 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 1.87 1.87 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.87 Paving — 0.00 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.23 0.00 0.05 0.05 — 221 221 < 0.005 0.01 0.02 224 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 3.07 3.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 3.11 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.51 0.51 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.51 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

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3.13. Architectural Coating (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.15 0.13 0.88 1.14 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 134 134 0.01 < 0.005 — 134 Architect
ural
Coatings
— 0.34 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment
< 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 1.83 1.83 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.84 Architect
ural
Coatings
— < 0.005 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment
< 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.30 0.30 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.30 Architect
ural
Coatings
— < 0.005 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 22 / 39
Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck
Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.15 0.15 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.15 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4. Operations Emissions Details

4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use

4.1.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 23 / 39
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Gasoline
/Service
Station

14.0 12.6 10.7 123 0.32 0.19 11.8 12.0 0.18 2.08 2.27 — 32,826 32,826 1.35 1.19 126 33,341 Total 14.0 12.6 10.7 123 0.32 0.19 11.8 12.0 0.18 2.08 2.27 — 32,826 32,826 1.35 1.19 126 33,341 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Gasoline
/Service
Station

13.9 12.5 11.7 113 0.31 0.19 11.8 12.0 0.18 2.08 2.27 — 31,550 31,550 1.39 1.25 3.26 31,960 Total 13.9 12.5 11.7 113 0.31 0.19 11.8 12.0 0.18 2.08 2.27 — 31,550 31,550 1.39 1.25 3.26 31,960 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Gasoline
/Service
Station

1.99 1.85 1.19 11.5 0.03 0.02 0.94 0.96 0.02 0.17 0.18 — 2,372 2,372 0.15 0.11 3.95 2,413 Total 1.99 1.85 1.19 11.5 0.03 0.02 0.94 0.96 0.02 0.17 0.18 — 2,372 2,372 0.15 0.11 3.95 2,413

4.2. Energy

4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Gasoline
/Service
Station
— — — — — — — — — — — — 2.66 2.66 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 2.67 Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.66 2.66 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 2.67

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 24 / 39
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Gasoline
/Service
Station
— — — — — — — — — — — — 2.66 2.66 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 2.67 Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.66 2.66 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 2.67 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Gasoline
/Service
Station
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.44 0.44 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.44 Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.44 0.44 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.44

4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Gasoline
/Service
Station
< 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 2.38 2.38 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 2.39 Total < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 2.38 2.38 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 2.39 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Gasoline
/Service
Station
< 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 2.38 2.38 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 2.39 Total < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 2.38 2.38 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 2.39 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 25 / 39
Gasoline < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.39 0.39 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.40 /Service
Total < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.39 0.39 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.40

4.3. Area Emissions by Source

4.3.2. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Source TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Consum
er
Products
— < 0.005 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Architect
ural
Coatings
— < 0.005 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Landsca
pe
Equipme
nt
< 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.03 Total < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.03 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Consum
er
Products
— < 0.005 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Architect
ural
Coatings
— < 0.005 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — < 0.005 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 26 / 39
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Consum
er
Products
— < 0.005 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Architect
ural
Coatings
— < 0.005 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Landsca
pe
Equipme
nt
< 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 Total < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005

4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use

4.4.2. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Gasoline
/Service
Station
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.25 1.46 1.71 0.03 < 0.005 — 2.56 Total — — — — — — — — — — — 0.25 1.46 1.71 0.03 < 0.005 — 2.56 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Gasoline
/Service
Station
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.25 1.46 1.71 0.03 < 0.005 — 2.56 Total — — — — — — — — — — — 0.25 1.46 1.71 0.03 < 0.005 — 2.56

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 27 / 39
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Gasoline
/Service
Station
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.04 0.24 0.28 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.42 Total — — — — — — — — — — — 0.04 0.24 0.28 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.42

4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use

4.5.2. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Gasoline
/Service
Station
— — — — — — — — — — — 2.90 0.00 2.90 0.29 0.00 — 10.2
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 2.90 0.00 2.90 0.29 0.00 — 10.2 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Gasoline
/Service
Station
— — — — — — — — — — — 2.90 0.00 2.90 0.29 0.00 — 10.2
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 2.90 0.00 2.90 0.29 0.00 — 10.2 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Gasoline
/Service
Station
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.48 0.00 0.48 0.05 0.00 — 1.68
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 0.48 0.00 0.48 0.05 0.00 — 1.68

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 28 / 39

4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use

4.6.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type

4.7.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipme
nt
Type
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 29 / 39
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type

4.8.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipme
nt
Type
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type

4.9.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipme
nt
Type
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 30 / 39
Daily, — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Summer
(Max)
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type

4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Vegetatio
n
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual)

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 31 / 39
Land TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Use
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Species TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Sequest
ered
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Remove
d
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 32 / 39
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Sequest
ered
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Remove
d
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Sequest
ered
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Remove
d
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

5. Activity Data

5.1. Construction Schedule
Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Days Per Week Work Days per Phase Phase Description Demolition Demolition 10/1/2024 10/15/2024 5.00 10.0 —
Site Preparation Site Preparation 10/16/2024 10/17/2024 5.00 1.00 — Grading Grading 10/18/2024 10/20/2024 5.00 2.00 —
Building Construction Building Construction 10/21/2024 3/10/2025 5.00 100 —

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 33 / 39
Paving Paving 3/11/2025 3/18/2025 5.00 5.00 —
Architectural Coating Architectural Coating 3/19/2025 3/26/2025 5.00 5.00 —

5.2. Off-Road Equipment

5.2.1. Unmitigated
Phase Name Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor Demolition Concrete/Industrial
Saws
Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 33.0 0.73
Demolition Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Average 1.00 1.00 367 0.40 Demolition Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Average 2.00 6.00 84.0 0.37
Site Preparation Graders Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 148 0.41 Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 84.0 0.37
Grading Graders Diesel Average 1.00 6.00 148 0.41
Grading Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Average 1.00 6.00 367 0.40 Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Average 1.00 7.00 84.0 0.37
Building Construction Cranes Diesel Average 1.00 4.00 367 0.29 Building Construction Forklifts Diesel Average 2.00 6.00 82.0 0.20 Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 84.0 0.37
Paving Cement and Mortar
Mixers
Diesel Average 4.00 6.00 10.0 0.56
Paving Pavers Diesel Average 1.00 7.00 81.0 0.42
Paving Rollers Diesel Average 1.00 7.00 36.0 0.38
Paving Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Average 1.00 7.00 84.0 0.37
Architectural Coating Air Compressors Diesel Average 1.00 6.00 37.0 0.48

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 34 / 39

5.3. Construction Vehicles

5.3.1. Unmitigated
Phase Name Trip Type One-Way Trips per Day Miles per Trip Vehicle Mix Demolition — — — —
Demolition Worker 10.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Demolition Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Demolition Hauling 74.3 20.0 HHDT
Demolition Onsite truck — — HHDT
Site Preparation — — — —
Site Preparation Worker 5.00 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Site Preparation Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Site Preparation Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Site Preparation Onsite truck — — HHDT
Grading — — — —
Grading Worker 7.50 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Grading Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Grading Hauling 94.0 20.0 HHDT
Grading Onsite truck — — HHDT
Building Construction — — — —
Building Construction Worker 0.06 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Building Construction Vendor 0.03 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Building Construction Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Building Construction Onsite truck — — HHDT
Paving — — — —
Paving Worker 17.5 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Paving Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 35 / 39
Paving Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Paving Onsite truck — — HHDT
Architectural Coating — — — —
Architectural Coating Worker 0.01 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Architectural Coating Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Architectural Coating Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Architectural Coating Onsite truck — — HHDT

5.4. Vehicles

5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies
Control Strategies Applied PM10 Reduction PM2.5 Reduction Water unpaved roads twice daily 55% 55%
Limit vehicle speeds on unpaved roads to 25 mph 44% 44% Sweep paved roads once per month 9% 9%

5.5. Architectural Coatings
Phase Name Residential Interior Area Coated
(sq ft)
Residential Exterior Area Coated
(sq ft)
Non-Residential Interior Area
Coated (sq ft)
Non-Residential Exterior Area
Coated (sq ft)
Parking Area Coated (sq ft)
Architectural Coating 0.00 0.00 276 92.0 —

5.6. Dust Mitigation

5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities
Phase Name Material Imported (Cubic Yards) Material Exported (Cubic Yards) Acres Graded (acres) Material Demolished (Ton of Debris)
Acres Paved (acres)
Demolition 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,970 —

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 36 / 39
Site Preparation 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 —
Grading 0.00 1,500 1.50 0.00 —
Paving 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies
Control Strategies Applied Frequency (per day) PM10 Reduction PM2.5 Reduction Water Exposed Area 2 61% 61%
Water Demolished Area 2 36% 36%

5.7. Construction Paving
Land Use Area Paved (acres) % Asphalt
Gasoline/Service Station 0.00 0%

5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors kWh per Year and Emission Factor (lb/MWh)
Year kWh per Year CO2 CH4 N2O
2024 0.00 589 0.03 < 0.005
2025 0.00 589 0.03 < 0.005

5.9. Operational Mobile Sources

5.9.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Type Trips/Weekday Trips/Saturday Trips/Sunday Trips/Year VMT/Weekday VMT/Saturday VMT/Sunday VMT/Year Gasoline/Service
Station
3,440 3,643 3,338 1,260,919 9,835 42,454 38,891 6,805,666

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 37 / 39

5.10. Operational Area Sources

5.10.1. Hearths

5.10.1.1. Unmitigated

5.10.2. Architectural Coatings
Residential Interior Area Coated (sq ft) Residential Exterior Area Coated (sq ft) Non-Residential Interior Area Coated (sq ft)
Non-Residential Exterior Area Coated
(sq ft)
Parking Area Coated (sq ft)
0 0.00 276 92.0 —

5.10.3. Landscape Equipment
Season Unit Value
Snow Days day/yr 0.00
Summer Days day/yr 250

5.11. Operational Energy Consumption

5.11.1. Unmitigated
Electricity (kWh/yr) and CO2 and CH4 and N2O and Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Land Use Electricity (kWh/yr) CO2 CH4 N2O Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Gasoline/Service Station 1,651 589 0.0330 0.0040 7,427

5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption

5.12.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Indoor Water (gal/year) Outdoor Water (gal/year) Gasoline/Service Station 132,819 0.00

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 38 / 39

5.13. Operational Waste Generation

5.13.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Waste (ton/year) Cogeneration (kWh/year)
Gasoline/Service Station 5.39 —

5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment

5.14.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Type Equipment Type Refrigerant GWP Quantity (kg) Operations Leak Rate Service Leak Rate Times Serviced

5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment

5.15.1. Unmitigated
Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor

5.16. Stationary Sources

5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps
Equipment Type Fuel Type Number per Day Hours per Day Hours per Year Horsepower Load Factor

5.16.2. Process Boilers
Equipment Type Fuel Type Number Boiler Rating (MMBtu/hr) Daily Heat Input (MMBtu/day) Annual Heat Input (MMBtu/yr)

5.17. User Defined
Equipment Type Fuel Type

Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center Custom Report, 6/5/2023 39 / 39
— —

5.18. Vegetation

5.18.1. Land Use Change

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Vegetation Land Use Type Vegetation Soil Type Initial Acres Final Acres

5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Biomass Cover Type Initial Acres Final Acres

5.18.2. Sequestration

5.18.2.1. Unmitigated
Tree Type Number Electricity Saved (kWh/year) Natural Gas Saved (btu/year)

8. User Changes to Default Data
Screen Justification
Land Use Project consists of a 10-vehicle fueling position (VHP) gas station (five dual-sided pumps).

Operations: Vehicle Data Trip generation is based on the Alicia Town Center Ralph's Fuel Center REVISED Traffic Impact Analysis Scoping Agreement, RK Engineering Group, May 2023 and the ITE Trip Generation Manual, 11th Edition.

Appendix B

SCAQMD Rule 461
Gasoline Transfer and Dispensing

461 - 1
(Adopted January 9, 1976)(Amended September 3, 1976)(Amended February 4, 1977) (Amended November 18, 1977)(Amended February 3, 1978)(Amended January 5, 1979) (Amended May 4, 1979)(Amended December 7, 1979)(Amended January 16, 1981) (Amended October 15, 1982)(Amended November 1, 1985)(Amended March 4, 1988) (Amended July 7, 1989)(Amended September 8, 1995)(Amended April 21, 2000) (Amended June 15, 2001)(Amended January 9, 2004)(Amended June 3, 2005) (Amended March 7, 2008)(Amended April 6, 2012)(Amended January 7, 2022) RULE 461 - GASOLINE TRANSFER AND DISPENSING

(a) Applicability
This rule applies to the transfer of gasoline from any tank truck, trailer, or railroad tank car into any stationary storage tank, and from any stationary storage tank into any motor vehicle fuel tank.
(b) Definitions
For the purpose of this rule, the following definitions shall apply:
(1) ALTERED GASOLINE TRANSFER AND DISPENSING FACILITY is a Gasoline Transfer and Dispensing Facility with any of the following:
(A) The removal or addition of storage tank(s), or changes in the number of fueling positions.
(B) The replacement of storage tank(s), dispensing nozzle(s) or other equipment with different characteristics or descriptions from those specified on the existing permit.
(2) BACKFILLING is the covering of the underground storage tank, piping or any associated components with soil, aggregate or other materials prior to laying the finished surface.
(3) BELLOWS-LESS NOZZLE is any nozzle that incorporates an aspirator or vacuum assist system and a gasoline vapor capture mechanism at the motor vehicle filler neck, such that vapors are collected at the vehicle filler neck without the need for an interfacing flexible bellows.
(4) BREAKAWAY COUPLING is a component attached to the coaxial hose, which allows the safe separation of the hose from the dispenser or the hose from the nozzle in the event of a forced removal such as in the case of a “drive-off.”

Rule 461 (Cont.) (Amended January 7, 2022)
461 - 2
(5) CARB CERTIFIED or certified by CARB means a Phase I or Phase II vapor recovery system, equipment, or any component thereof, for which the California Air Resources Board (CARB) has evaluated its performance and issued a valid Executive Order pursuant to Health and Safety Code Section 41954. Each component of a system is a separate CARB certified item and cannot be replaced with a non-certified item or other items that are not certified for use with the particular system. Except for qualified repairs, a CARB certified component shall be as supplied by the qualified manufacturer. A rebuilt component shall not be deemed as CARB certified unless the person who rebuilds the component is authorized by CARB to rebuild the designated CARB certified component.
(6) CLEARLY AND PERMANENTLY MARKED means an identification of the qualified manufacturer's name, model number, and other required information on a vapor recovery system component that is legible, and the identification is either directly stamped on or attached to the component using methods or materials that would endure constant long term use. (7) COAXIAL HOSE is a hose that contains two passages one within the other.

One of the passages dispenses the liquid gasoline into the vehicle fuel tank while the other passage carries the gasoline vapors from the vehicle fuel tank to the storage tank.
(8) DISPENSER is a gasoline dispensing unit used for housing the aboveground gasoline and vapor recovery piping, the gasoline meters, and to hang gasoline-dispensing nozzles when they are not in use for fueling. (9) DRY BREAK or poppetted dry break is a Phase I vapor recovery component that opens only by connection to a mating device to ensure that no gasoline vapors escape from the underground storage tank before the vapor return line is connected and sealed.
(10) DUAL-POINT DESIGN is a type of Phase I vapor recovery system that delivers gasoline liquid into storage tanks and recovers the displaced vapors through two separate openings on the tank.
(11) ENHANCED VAPOR RECOVERY (EVR) means performance standards and specifications set forth in the CARB CP 201 (Certification Procedure for Vapor Recovery Systems at gasoline dispensing facilities) Sections 3 through 9.
(12) FUELING POSITION is a fuel dispensing unit consisting of nozzle(s) and meter(s) with the capability to deliver only one fuel product at one time. (b)

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(13) GASOLINE is any petroleum distillate or petroleum distillate/alcohol blend having a True Vapor Pressure greater than 200 mm Hg (3.9 psi) and less than 760 mm Hg (14.7 psi) at 100 degrees F as determined by ASTM Method D323-89.
(14) GASOLINE TRANSFER AND DISPENSING FACILITY is a stationary facility, consisting of one or more storage tanks and associated equipment, which receive, store, and dispense gasoline.
(15) GASOLINE VAPORS are the organic compounds in vapor form displaced during gasoline transfer and dispensing operations, and includes entrained liquid gasoline.
(16) INSERTION INTERLOCK MECHANISM is any CARB certified mechanism that ensures a tight fit at the nozzle fill pipe interface and prohibits the dispensing of gasoline unless the bellows is compressed. (17) INSTALLER/CONTRACTOR is a person(s) engaged in the installation of new or alterations of existing vapor recovery systems and components at a gasoline transfer and dispensing facility.
(18) LIQUID REMOVAL DEVICE is a device designed specifically to remove trapped liquid from the vapor passages of a coaxial hose. (19) LIQUID TIGHT is a liquid leak rate not exceeding three drops per minute. (20) MAJOR DEFECT is a defect in the vapor recovery system or its component, as listed in California Code of Regulations, Title 17, Part III, Chapter 1, Subchapter 8, Section 94006.
(21) MINOR DEFECT is a defect in any gasoline transfer and dispensing equipment, which renders the equipment out of good working order but which does not constitute a major defect.
(22) MOTOR VEHICLE is any self-propelled vehicle as defined in Section 415 of the California Vehicle Code.
(23) OWNER/OPERATOR is any person who owns, leases, or operates a gasoline transfer and dispensing facility.
(24) PERFORMANCE TEST is the first test or series of tests performed on a new or altered CARB certified gasoline vapor recovery system to demonstrate compliance with the CARB Executive Order and District permit conditions upon completion of construction or alteration of the vapor recovery system.
(b)

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(25) PRESSURE/VACUUM RELIEF VALVE is a valve that is installed on the vent pipes of the gasoline storage tanks to relieve pressure or vacuum buildup at preset values of pressure or vacuum. (26) QUALIFIED MANUFACTURER is the original equipment manufacturer of the CARB certified vapor recovery system or component, or a rebuilder who is authorized by CARB to rebuild the designated CARB certified component.
(27) QUALIFIED REPAIR is a repair or maintenance of the gasoline transfer and dispensing equipment or vapor recovery system component that would restore the function or performance of such equipment/component following the qualified manufacturer's instructions and using only the applicable CARB certified parts supplied by the qualified manufacturer.

Unless otherwise authorized by CARB, a repair or maintenance shall not be considered a qualified repair if the action changes the size, shape or materials of construction of any gasoline vapor passage, or if it may otherwise obstruct, hinder, or reduce the recovery of gasoline vapors during operation.
(28) REBUILD is an action that repairs, replaces, or reconstructs any part of a component of a vapor recovery system that forms the gasoline vapor passage of the component, or that comes in contact with the recovered gasoline vapors in the component. Rebuild does not include the replacement of a complete component with another CARB certified complete component; nor does it include the replacement of a spout, bellows, or vapor guard of a CARB certified nozzle. The new part shall be CARB certified and as supplied by the qualified manufacturer specifically for the CARB certified nozzle.
(29) RETAIL GASOLINE TRANSFER AND DISPENSING FACILITY is any gasoline transfer and dispensing facility subject to the payment of California sales tax for the sale of gasoline to the public.
(30) RE-VERIFICATION TEST is a test or series of tests performed subsequent to the performance test on a CARB certified gasoline vapor recovery system to demonstrate compliance with the CARB Executive Order and District permit conditions.
(31) SPILL BOX is an enclosed container around a Phase I fill pipe that is designed to collect gasoline spillage resulting from disconnection between the liquid gasoline delivery hose and the fill pipe.
(b)

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(32) SUBMERGED FILL TUBE is any storage tank fill tube with the highest level of the discharge opening entirely submerged, when the liquid level above the bottom of the tank is:
(A) 15.2 cm (6 inches), for tanks filled from the top, or (B) 45.7 cm (18 inches) for tanks filled from the side. (33) VAPOR CHECK VALVE is a valve that opens and closes the vapor passage to the storage tank to prevent gasoline vapors from escaping when the nozzle is not in use.
(34) VAPOR RECOVERY SYSTEM is a system installed at a gasoline transfer and dispensing facility for collection and recovery of gasoline vapors displaced or emitted from the stationary storage tanks (Phase I) and during refueling of vehicle fuel tanks (Phase II). A Phase II vapor recovery system may be a balance system, which operates on the principle of vapor displacement, or a vacuum-assist system, which uses a mechanical vacuumproducing device to create a vacuum. (35) VAPOR TIGHT means the detection of less than 10,000 ppm hydrocarbon concentration, as determined by EPA Method 21, using an appropriate analyzer calibrated with methane.
(c) Equipment and Operation Requirements
(1) Gasoline Transfer into Stationary Storage Tanks (Phase I) A person shall not transfer, allow the transfer, or provide equipment for the transfer of gasoline from any tank truck, trailer, or railroad tank car into any stationary storage tank with a capacity of 950 liters (251 gallons) or more unless all of the following conditions are met:
(A) Underground storage tanks are equipped with a "CARB certified" enhanced vapor recovery system having a minimum volumetric efficiency of 98% and an emission factor not exceeding 0.15 pounds per 1,000 gallons. The vapor recovery system shall be maintained and operated according to the manufacturer's specifications and the applicable CARB Executive Orders including the corresponding CARB approved Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual and shall meet all of the following:
(i) All fill tubes are equipped with vapor tight caps;
(ii) All dry breaks are equipped with vapor tight seals and vapor tight caps;
(b)

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(iii) The fill tube assembly, including fill tube, fittings and gaskets, is maintained to prevent vapor leakage from any portion of the vapor recovery system;
(iv) Each vapor tight cap is in a closed position except when the fill tube or dry break it serves is actively in use; and (v) A "CARB certified" spill box shall be installed and maintained free of standing liquid, debris and other foreign matter. The spill box shall be equipped with an integral drain valve or other devices that are certified by CARB to return spilled gasoline to the underground stationary storage tank.

The drain valve shall be maintained closed and free of vapor emissions at all times except when the valve is actively in use.
(B) Aboveground Storage Tanks are equipped with a "CARB certified” vapor recovery system having a minimum volumetric efficiency of 95% and is maintained and operated according to the manufacturer's specifications and the applicable CARB Executive Orders including the corresponding CARB approved Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual and shall meet all of the following:
(i) All fill tubes are equipped with vapor tight caps;
(ii) All dry breaks are equipped with vapor tight seals and vapor tight caps;
(iii) The fill tube assembly, including fill tube, fittings and gaskets, is maintained to prevent vapor leakage from any portion of the vapor recovery system;
(vi) All vapor return lines without dry breaks are equipped with vapor tight caps; and
(v) Each vapor tight cap is in a closed position except when the fill tube or dry break it serves is actively in use.
(C) A person shall not operate, or allow the operation of a gasoline delivery tank truck/trailer or railroad tank car, unless it is “CARB certified” and maintained in compliance with the certification requirements and shall meet all of the following:
(i) Each gasoline delivery elbow is equipped with sight windows;
(c) (1) (A)

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(ii) The fuel delivery lines shall be maintained liquid tight, vapor tight, and free of air ingestion. A fuel delivery that is free of air ingestion is determined by observing the fuel stream as clear and free of air bubbles through the sight windows on the delivery system, except during the initial and final 60 seconds of fuel transferring;
(iii) All vapor return lines are connected between the delivery tank truck/trailer or railroad tank car, and the stationary storage tank. In addition, all associated hoses, fittings, and couplings are maintained in a liquid-tight and vapor-tight condition; and
(iv) The hatch on any tank truck/trailer shall be equipped with a vapor tight cover during gasoline transfer and pumping. The hatch shall not be opened except for visual inspection, which may be performed after at least three minutes following the completion of the gasoline transfer or pumping. Except
otherwise specified by CARB, visual inspection shall be completed in three minutes or less.
(2) Gasoline Transfer into Vehicle Fuel Tanks (Phase II) A person shall not transfer, or allow the transfer, or provide equipment for the transfer of gasoline from a stationary storage tank with a capacity of 950 liters (251 gallons) or more into any motor vehicle fuel tank of greater than 19 liters (5 gallons) capacity unless all of the following conditions are met:
(A) The dispensing unit used to transfer the gasoline from the stationary storage tank to the motor vehicle fuel tank is equipped with a "CARB certified" vapor recovery system as capable of recovering or processing displaced gasoline vapors by at least 95%, or having an emission factor not exceeding 0.38 pounds per 1,000 gallons, as applicable;
(B) The vapor recovery system and associated components are operated and maintained in a manner in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and the applicable CARB certification including the corresponding CARB approved Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual;
(c) (1) (C)

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(C) The system and associated components shall be maintained vapor tight and liquid tight at all times;
(D) Each balance-system nozzle is equipped with a "CARB certified" insertion interlock mechanism and a CARB certified vapor check valve which shall be located in the nozzle;
(E) Each gasoline-dispensing nozzle is equipped with a coaxial hose as specified in the applicable CARB Executive Order;
(F) Unless otherwise specified in the applicable CARB Executive Orders, all liquid removal devices installed for any gasolinedispensing nozzle with a dispensing rate of greater than five gallons per minute shall be "CARB certified" with a minimum liquid removal rate of five milliliters per gallon transferred; and (G) The breakaway coupling shall be CARB certified. Any breakaway coupling shall be equipped with a poppet valve, which shall close and maintain both the gasoline vapor and liquid lines vapor tight and liquid tight when the coupling is separated. In the event of a separation due to a “drive-off”, the owner/operator shall complete one of the following and document the activities pursuant to paragraph (e)(6) recordkeeping requirements:
(i) Conduct a visual inspection of the affected equipment and perform qualified repairs on any damaged components
before placing any affected equipment back in service. In addition, the affected equipment shall be tested in
accordance to applicable test methods as specified in the applicable CARB Executive Orders and the corresponding
CARB approved Installation, Operation and Maintenance
manual and successfully passed prior to the affected
equipment dispensing gasoline into any vehicle; or
(ii) Conduct a visual inspection of the affected equipment and replace the affected nozzles, coaxial hoses, breakaway
couplings, and any other damaged components with new or certified rebuilt components that are CARB certified, before placing any affected equipment back in service.
(c) (2)

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(3) Additional Requirements
(A) A person shall not supply, offer for sale, sell, install or allow the installation of any vapor recovery system or any of its components, unless the system and component are CARB certified. Each vapor recovery system and its components shall be clearly and permanently marked with the qualified manufacturer’s name and model number as certified by CARB. In addition, the qualified manufacturer's unique serial number for each component shall also be clearly and permanently marked for the dispensing nozzles. Any qualified manufacturer who rebuilds a component shall also clearly and permanently mark the corresponding information on the component.
(B) For a breakdown (as defined in Rules 102 and 430) of a central vapor incineration or processing unit, the provisions of Rule 430 shall apply. "End of Cycle" as that term is used in Rule 430 shall be deemed to mean the completion of fueling by the last customer who was fueling at the time of the breakdown for the application of Rule 430 in subparagraph (c)(3)(B).
(C) Any Installer/Contractor shall not install, alter, repair or replace a Phase I or Phase II enhanced vapor recovery system or any component thereof without first successfully obtaining the manufacturer’s certification and successfully completed any relevant state certification program, through the International Code Council (ICC), or any equivalent state certification program required for the installation and alteration of a vapor recovery system. The requirement for obtaining relevant certification shall take effect six months after such test becomes available. (D) The owner/operator of an enhanced vapor recovery system or their direct employees are not considered installers/contractors when replacing any defective nozzles, hoses and breakaways with new or CARB certified re-manufactured components of the same make and model, or alternative(s) specifically identified in the latest applicable CARB Executive Order, provided that person
successfully obtained the manufacturer’s certification and has successfully completed any relevant state certification program, through the International Code Council (ICC), or any equivalent (c)

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state certification program required for the replacement of components. The requirement for obtaining relevant certification shall take effect six months after such test becomes available. (E) A person shall not perform or allow the "pump-out" (bulk transfer) of gasoline from a storage tank subject to paragraph (c)(1) unless such bulk transfer is performed using a vapor collection and transfer system capable of returning the displaced vapors to the stationary storage tank.
(F) A person shall not store, or allow the storage of, gasoline in any stationary storage tank with a capacity of 950 liters (251 gallons) or more unless such tank complies with Rule 463 or complies with the following:
(i) The tank is equipped with a Phase I vapor recovery system; and
(ii) The tank is operated and maintained with an integral vaportight drain valve to return spilled gasoline to the storage tank, if the tank is equipped with a spill container.
(G) The owner/operator shall conspicuously post the District-required signs specified in Attachment A of this rule in the immediate gasoline dispensing area.
(H) For a dispenser that is not intended to be used to fuel motor vehicles, the owner/operator shall have a sign posted on it to that effect. (I) A person shall not store, or allow the storage of, gasoline in any stationary storage tank with a capacity of 950 liters (251 gallons) or more unless the vent pipe of the tank complies with all of the following:
(i) The vent pipe opening is equipped with a “CARB certified” pressure-vacuum relief valve.
(ii) The vent pipe opening for a stationary storage tank is at least 12 feet above the driveway level used for tank truck filling operations.
(iii) Unless otherwise specified in the applicable CARB Executive Orders, the pressure-vacuum relief valve for an underground storage tank vent shall be set for pressure relief at 2.5 to 6.0 inches water column and vacuum relief at 6.0 to

10.0 inches water column. The valves for vents on
(c) (3)

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aboveground tanks shall meet the applicable CARB certified specifications.
(iv) Pressure-vacuum relief valves for stationary storage tanks, as supplied and installed, shall be color-coded or otherwise clearly marked to identify the pressure-vacuum setting. The valves shall be installed on the vent pipe(s) such that the color codes or marks shall be legible to ground-level
observers.
(v) For the purpose of this requirement, vent pipes of gasoline storage tanks may be manifolded to a single valve when the stationary storage tanks are manifolded according to the applicable CARB Executive Order.
(J) A person shall not store gasoline in open container(s) of any size or handle gasoline in any manner (spillage, spraying, etc.) that allows gasoline liquid or gasoline vapors to enter the atmosphere, contaminate the ground, or the sewer.
(K) The failure of an owner/operator to meet any requirements of subdivision (c) of this rule shall constitute a violation. Such noncompliant equipment shall be tagged "Out of Order". (L) Except during active repair activity, the "Out of Order" tag specified in subparagraph (c)(3)(K) shall not be removed and the noncompliant equipment shall not be used, allowed to be used, or provided for use unless all of the following conditions are satisfied:
(i) The non-compliant equipment has been repaired, replaced, or adjusted, as necessary; and
(ii) The non-compliant equipment has been reinspected and/or the repair has been reported to the Executive Officer or his designee.
(M) The owner/operator shall repair or replace any vapor recovery component having minor defects within seven days, pursuant to Section 41960.2(e) of the California Health and Safety Codes. (N) The owner/operator and/or the installer/contractor shall have all underground storage tank installations and associated piping configuration inspected by the Executive Officer or his designee prior to backfilling, to verify that all underground equipment is properly installed in accordance with the requirements specified in (c) (3) (I)

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the applicable CARB Executive Order. The owner/operator and/or installer/contractor shall schedule a time for inspection with the District by District-approved method and obtain a confirmation number at least three days (at least one of the days shall be regular District business days) prior to the backfilling. At or before the scheduled time of inspection, the owner/operator and/or installer/contractor shall ensure that all underground storage tank installation and associated piping meet all requirements under the applicable CARB Executive Order including the corresponding Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual and shall be in a state ready to be backfilled. After successfully passing the verification inspection, all underground piping shall be backfilled without being disturbed.
(O) The owner/operator of any gasoline transfer and dispensing facility shall implement a maintenance program and document the program in an operation and maintenance (O&M) manual for the vapor recovery system. The O&M manual shall be kept at the facility and made available to any person who operates, inspects, maintains, repairs, or tests the equipment at the facility as well as the Executive Officer upon request. The O&M manual shall contain detailed instructions that ensure proper operation and maintenance of the vapor recovery system and its components in compliance with all applicable rules and regulations. The O&M manual shall reference all manufacturer required maintenance cycles as delineated in the CARB Executive Order that certified the system. The manual shall, at a minimum, include the following current information:
(i) All applicable CARB Executive Orders, Approval Letters, and District Permits.
(ii) The manufacturer's specifications and instructions for installation, operation, repair and maintenance required pursuant to CARB Certification Procedure CP-201, and any additional instructions provided by the manufacturer.
(iii) System and/or component testing requirements, including test schedules and passing criteria for each of the standard tests listed under subdivision (f). The owner/operator may (c) (3)

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include any non-CARB required diagnostic and other tests as part of the testing requirements.
(iv) Additional O&M instructions, if any, that are designed to ensure compliance with the applicable rules, regulations, CARB Executive Orders and District permit conditions,
including replacement schedules for failure or wear prone components.
(P) Equipment subject to paragraph (c)(1) or (c)(2) is operated and maintained with no major defect.
(Q) The owner/operator of any gasoline transfer and dispensing facility shall submit the facility’s monthly gasoline throughput data for the previous calendar year to the Executive Officer on or before March 1 following each calendar year.
(4) In lieu of compliance with paragraph (c)(2), the owner/operator of a nonretail gasoline transfer and dispensing facility shall:
(A) If the gasoline transfer and dispensing equipment was issued a permit prior to January 7, 2022, use either:
(i) Hoses, breakaways, and nozzles that are part of a “CARB certified” vapor recovery system, with the vapor return line sealed off; or
(ii) CARB certified non-vapor recovery component for
dispensing that includes only low permeation conventional hose assemblies and enhanced conventional nozzles
identified in the most recent revision of CARB Executive Order NVR-1;
(B) If the gasoline transfer and dispensing equipment was issued a permit or modified after January 7, 2022, use a CARB certified nonvapor recovery component for dispensing that includes only low permeation conventional hose assemblies and enhanced
conventional nozzles identified in the most recent revision of CARB Executive Order NVR-1;
(C) Dispense only into a motor vehicle that is owned or under direct control of the operator, except for a motor vehicle used in responding to an emergency;
(c) (3) (O)

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(D) Dispense only into a motor vehicle equipped with an onboard refueling vapor recovery (ORVR) system, except for a motor vehicle used in responding to an emergency;
(E) Record the date, quantity of fuel dispensed into each motor vehicle, and the motor vehicle’s make, model, model year, and vehicle identification number;
(F) Maintain records specified in subparagraph (c)(4)(E) at the facility for at least five years; and
(G) Provide the records specified in subparagraph (c)(4)(E) to the Executive Officer upon request.
(d) Self-Compliance Program Requirements
The owner/operator of any retail gasoline transfer and dispensing facility shall implement a self-compliance program as follows:
(1) The self-compliance program shall include the following elements:
(A) Daily maintenance inspections shall be conducted in accordance with the protocol specified in Attachment B to ensure proper operating conditions of all components of the vapor recovery systems.
(B) Periodic compliance inspections shall be conducted at least once every twelve months and in accordance with the protocol specified in Attachment C to verify the compliance with all applicable District rules and regulations, as well as all permit conditions. (C) Maintenance schedules consistent with the applicable Phase I and Phase II vapor recovery systems and components installed at the gasoline transfer and dispensing facility.
(D) A procedure to determine and record the next required test date based on throughput during the 12 months preceding the time of a successful test.
(E) An employee training program including the following:
(i) Itemized training procedures for employees responsible for conducting any part of the self-compliance program.
(ii) A training schedule to periodically train any employee responsible for conducting any part of the self-compliance program.
(c) (4)

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(iii) A record for each employee of the dates of training provided and the next training date.
(iv) A procedure to review and establish any additional necessary training following any changes or updates to the CARB
Executive Order for the installed vapor recovery system. (2) Any equipment with major defect(s) which are identified during the daily maintenance inspections or periodic compliance inspections shall be removed from service, repaired, brought into compliance, and duly entered into the repair logs required under paragraph (e)(6) before being returned to service.
(3) Defects discovered during self inspection and repaired shall not constitute a violation of Rule 461.
(4) Training and Certification
(A) A person shall not conduct daily maintenance inspections specified in subparagraph (d)(1)(A) or do required recordkeeping unless such person has completed an appropriate District-approved training program.
(B) A person shall not conduct periodic compliance inspections specified in subparagraph (d)(1)(B) or do required recordkeeping unless such person has completed an appropriate District-approved training program in the inspection and maintenance of vapor recovery systems and has received a certification issued by the District.
(e) Testing, Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
(1) Within 10 calendar days after initial operation of dispensing fuel into a vehicle fuel tank, the owner/operator of a new or altered gasoline transfer and dispensing facility shall conduct and successfully pass the performance tests in accordance with the test methods specified in subdivision (f), and any additional tests required by the applicable CARB Executive Orders including the corresponding CARB approved Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual and District Permits, to verify the proper installation and operation of Phase I and Phase II vapor recovery systems. Test results shall be submitted as stated in subparagraphs (e)(3)(D) and (e)(3)(E). (2) The owner/operator shall conduct and successfully pass the reverification tests in accordance with the test methods specified in subdivision (f), and (d) (1) (E)

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any additional tests required by the applicable CARB Executive Orders including the corresponding CARB approved Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual or District Permits, to verify the proper operation of the vapor recovery systems. Test results shall be submitted as stated in subparagraphs (e)(3)(D) and (e)(3)(E).
(A) The reverification tests at retail gasoline transfer and dispensing facilities shall be conducted no less frequently than as scheduled below, based on the facility's maximum monthly gasoline throughput during the 12-month period immediately preceding the required test:
(i) The owner/operator of a facility with a maximum monthly throughput of 100,000 gallons or greater shall complete the reverification tests semiannually.
(ii) The owner/operator of a facility with a maximum monthly throughput less than 100,000 gallons shall complete the reverification tests annually.
(iii) The owner/operator of a facility with less than 12 months throughput data shall conduct reverification tests
semiannually. In case of a change of operator of a facility, throughput under the previous owner/operator may be used to determine the applicable test frequency.
(B) The owner/operator of a non-retail gasoline transfer and dispensing facility shall complete the reverification tests annually. (C) Once a facility reverification testing month(s) are established, subsequent reverification testing shall be conducted during the same months each year. When a new performance test schedule is required due to a facility alteration, new reverification testing months shall be established based on the date of the performance tests.
(D) In case of a change of operator, the new operator shall conduct the next reverification test on the same testing month as established by the previous operator, if the previous reverification testing records are available. When no testing records are available, the new operator shall complete all the applicable reverification testing within 30 calendar days of the change of operator.
(e) (2)

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(3) A person who conducts performance or reverification tests shall comply with all of the following:
(A) Conduct performance or reverification tests in accordance with the applicable test methods listed in subdivision (f) and other CARB testing procedures. Tests shall be conducted using calibrated equipment meeting the calibration range and calibration intervals specified by the manufacturer.
(B) Notify the District and obtain a confirmation number at least three days prior to testing (at least one of the days shall be regular District business days), except as specified in paragraph (e)(4). In the event that a performance test or reverification test cannot be conducted at the scheduled date and time, the test may be re-scheduled to a later date and time provided that the District is notified at least 24 hours prior to the originally scheduled time. All notification under this subparagraph shall be provided electronically via a District approved method. Notwithstanding, the three-day notice may not be required for reverification tests conducted after a drive-off pursuant to clause (c)(2)(G)(i), provided that the person conducting the tests complies with all other applicable provisions of the rule. (C) Conduct performance and reverification tests between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. Monday through Friday. Notwithstanding, the Executive Officer may approve testing on a weekend day (Saturday or Sunday) based on the following criteria:
(i) The District shall approve a limited number of reverification testing requests per weekend on a first-come-first-served basis. These reverification tests are subject to the following restrictions:
(I) The person conducting the tests has notified the
District pursuant to subparagraph (e)(3)(B) for
reverification tests. The requests shall be made no
more than 30 calendar days in advance of the testing.
(II) Tests shall be conducted from 7:00 a.m. through 5:30 p.m.
(III) Upon request by the Executive Officer, the person who conducted the tests on a weekend day for which
the District staff was not present shall repeat the
(e)

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reverification testing at a mutually acceptable date
but no later than 10 calendar days from the day the
test was conducted. The GDF shall pay the cost of
the repeat reverification testing.
(ii) The District shall approve all requests for a retest on a weekend day provided that the retest meets the following conditions:
(I) The retest on a weekend day is necessary as the
repairs and retest following a failed reverification
test cannot be completed by Friday.
(II) The person conducting the test has notified the
District pursuant to subparagraph (e)(4)(A) or left a
phone notification before midnight of the day before
the retest.
(III) Tests shall be conducted from 7:00 a.m. through 5:30 p.m.
(IV) Upon request by the Executive Officer, the person
who conducted the test on a weekend day for which
the District staff was not present shall repeat the
reverification testing at a mutually acceptable date
but no later than 10 calendar days from the day the
test was conducted. The GDF shall pay the cost of
the repeat reverification testing.
(D) Submit a copy of the PASS/FAIL test results electronically via a District approved method to the Executive Officer within 72 hours after each test is conducted. The PASS/FAIL test results are a summary of the overall results of each test.
(E) Submit the final test report demonstrating compliance within 14 calendar days of the date when all tests were passed. The test report shall include all the required records of all tests performed, test data, current AQMD facility ID number of the location being tested, the equipment Permit to Operate or Application number, the AQMD ID number of the company performing the tests, a statement whether the system or component tested meets the required standards, and the name, AQMD tester ID number and signature of the person responsible for conducting the tests.
(e) (3) (C)

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(F) Successfully completed the District’s Tester Orientation class. (G) Successfully completed the International Code Council (ICC) tester certifications (or equivalent state certifications) examination during the previous 24 months. This provision shall take effect six months after such a test becomes available.
(H) Successfully re-completed the District’s Tester Orientation class after having been cited within any 6-month period for at least two violations of subparagraph (e)(3)(A) of this rule or CARB vapor recovery regulations in such a manner that the violations could have affected the accuracy of a performance or reverification test. The tester shall cease conducting any performance or reverification test after receiving the second notice of violation until such time that the tester has successfully re-completed the District Tester Orientation class.
(I) Not committed more than three violations of subparagraph (e)(3)(A) of this rule or CARB vapor recovery regulations in such a manner that the violations could have affected the accuracy of a performance or reverification test during any 12-month period.
(4) Notwithstanding subparagraph (e)(3)(B), the owner/operator of a gasoline transfer and dispensing facility that has failed a reverification test or portions thereof may retest the facility prior to resuming operation provided that the person conducting the tests has complied with one of the following:
(A) Notify the District electronically via a District approved method and obtain a confirmation number at least 12 hours prior to retesting (at least six of the hours shall be regular District business hours); or (B) When all necessary repairs are performed during the same day the facility has failed any of the applicable reverification tests, the owner/operator may retest the facility on the same day without renotification, provided that the reasons for the test failure and any repairs performed are properly documented in the test reports and the repair logs pursuant to subparagraphs (e)(6)(B) and (e)(6)(C). (5) The owner/operator shall not operate or resume operation of a gasoline transfer and dispensing facility, unless the facility has successfully passed the applicable performance or reverification tests. Notwithstanding the above, when a dispenser associated with any equipment that has failed a reverification test is isolated and shut down, the owner/operator may (e) (3)

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continue operation or resume operation of the remaining equipment at the facility, provided that test results demonstrate that the remaining equipment is in good operating condition. All test results and the method of isolating the defective equipment shall be documented in the test reports to be submitted to the Executive Officer pursuant to subparagraphs (e)(6)(C), (e)(3)(D) and (e)(3)(E).
(6) Recordkeeping
A person who performs the installation of components, self-compliance inspections, repairs or testing at any gasoline transfer and dispensing facility, including, but not limited to, the activities for normal operation and maintenance, performance testing, reverification testing and those following a drive-off, shall provide to the owner/operator all records listed below, as applicable, at the end of each day when the service is provided.

The owner/operator of any retail or non-retail gasoline transfer and dispensing facility shall maintain all records listed below and any other test results or maintenance records that are required to demonstrate compliance on site for a period of at least two years (or five years for Title V facilities).

Notwithstanding, records for non-retail gasoline dispensing facilities that are unmanned may be kept at other locations approved by the Executive Officer. All records shall be made available to the Executive Officer upon request both on site during inspections and offsite as specified. (A) Records of all components installed, defective components identified or repaired during self-compliance inspections. (B) Repair logs, which shall include:
(i) Date and time of each repair.
(ii) The name of the person(s) who performed the repair, and, if applicable, the name, address and phone number of the
person’s employer.
(iii) Description of service performed.
(iv) Each component that was installed, repaired, serviced, or removed, including the required component identification information pursuant to subparagraph (c)(3)(A).
(v) Each component that was installed as replacement, if applicable, including the required component identification information pursuant to subparagraph (c)(3)(A).
(e)

Rule 461 (Cont.) (Amended January 7, 2022)
461 - 21
(vi) Receipts for parts used in the repair and, if applicable, work orders, which shall include the name and signature of the person responsible for performing the repairs.
(C) Records of tests, which shall include:
(i) Date and time of each test.
(ii) District confirmation number of notifications.
(iii) Name, affiliation, address and phone number of the person(s) who performed the test.
(iv) Test data and calibration data for all equipment used. (v) Date and time each test is completed and the facility owner/operator is notified of the results. For a test that fails, a description of the reasons for the test failure shall also be included.
(vi) For a retest following a failed performance or reverification test, description of repairs performed pursuant to
subparagraph (e)(4)(B).
(vii) Copies of test reports in District approved format. (D) Monthly gasoline throughput records.
(E) Records to prove that the installer/contractor that installed or altered the enhanced vapor recovery equipment has successfully completed a manufacturer training program and any relevant state certification program applicable to the Phase I and Phase II enhanced vapor recovery systems and associated components as specified in subparagraph (c)(3)(A).
(f) Performance and Reverification Test Methods
All required tests shall be conducted in accordance with the most recently CARB approved version of CARB test methods or as stated in the applicable CARB Executive Orders including the corresponding Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual test procedures or any other test methods approved in writing by the USEPA, CARB, or the District.
(g) Exemptions
(1) The provisions of this rule shall not apply to the transfer of gasoline into testing equipment used to verify the efficiency of the vapor recovery system by CARB or the District or testing contractors, the accuracy of the gasoline (e) (6)

Rule 461 (Cont.) (Amended January 7, 2022)
461 - 22
dispensing equipment by the Department of Weight and Measures, and the fire safety standards by the Fire Department.
(2) The requirements of paragraph (c)(2) shall not apply to the fueling of Tournament of Roses parade floats.
(3) For the purposes of this rule, any requirement for equipment or component(s) to be CARB certified where an applicable valid Executive Order has not been issued by CARB shall not apply until an applicable Executive Order becomes effective.
(h) Rule 1402 Inventory Requirements
A retail gasoline transfer and dispensing facility that is in compliance with all applicable provisions of this rule, CARB Executive Orders, and District permit conditions shall not be required to submit an emission inventory to the Executive Officer, pursuant to subparagraph (p)(1)(B) of Rule 1402 - Control of Toxic Air Contaminants from Existing Sources, and is deemed in compliance with the requirements of Rule 1402, unless the facility exceeds the significant risk level as defined in Rule 1402.
(g)

Rule 461 (Cont.) (Amended January 7, 2022)
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ATTACHMENT A

AQMD-REQUIRED SIGNS
I. The operator shall post nozzle operating instructions and the following signs:
(A) SCAQMD toll-free telephone number: "If you have nozzle problems, please call the Air Quality Management District at the toll-free number (800) 242- 4020;" or equivalent information approved in writing by the Executive Officer; and
(B) A "warning" stating:
"TOXIC RISK - FOR YOUR OWN PROTECTION

DO NOT BREATHE FUMES
DO NOT TOP TANKS"
II. All required signs shall conform to all of the following:
(A) For decal signs:
(i) Each sign shall be visible from all fueling positions it serves; and (ii) Sign shall be readable from a distance of 3 feet.
(B) All other signs:
(i) For pump toppers, one double-back sign per island;
(ii) For permanent (non-decal) signs, two single-sided or one doublesided sign(s) per two (2) dispensers. (iii) All signs shall be readable from a distance of 6 feet.

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461 - 24

ATTACHMENT B

DAILY MAINTENANCE INSPECTION PROTOCOL
The owner/operator of a retail gasoline transfer and dispensing facility shall at minimum verify the following during the daily maintenance inspections:
(A) PHASE I VAPOR RECOVERY SYSTEM INSPECTION

1. The spill container is clean and does not contain gasoline. The spill containment drain valve shall be vapor-tight.

2. The fill caps are not missing, damaged or loose.

3. If applicable:
a. the submerged fill tube seals properly against the fitting b. the dry break (poppet valve) is not missing or damaged.

4. The submerged fill tube is not missing or damaged.
(B) PHASE II VAPOR RECOVERY SYSTEM INSPECTION

1. The fueling instructions are clearly displayed with the appropriate toll-free complaint phone number and toxic warning signs.

2. The following nozzle components are in place and in good condition, as specified in CARB Executive Orders:
a. faceplate/facecone; vapor splash guard/fill guard/efficiency compliance device (ECD)/VEG
b. bellows
c. latching device spring
d. vapor check valve
e. spout (proper diameter/vapor collection holes)
f. insertion interlock mechanism
g. automatic shut-off mechanism
h. hold open latch

3. The hoses are not torn, flattened or crimped.

4. For vacuum-assist systems, the vapor processing unit and burner are functioning properly.
(C) RECORDS OF DEFECTIVE COMPONENTS

Rule 461 (Cont.) (Amended January 7, 2022)
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ATTACHMENT C

PERIODIC COMPLIANCE INSPECTION PROTOCOL
The owner/operator of a retail gasoline transfer and dispensing facility shall at minimum verify the following during the periodic compliance inspections:
(A) GENERAL INSPECTION

1. The District permit is current.

2. The equipment and District permit description match.

3. The facility complies with all permit conditions.

4. The required sign is properly posted and the sign contains all the necessary information. (i.e., toll-free complaint phone number, toxic warning sign, etc.)
(B) PHASE I VAPOR RECOVERY SYSTEM INSPECTION

1. The spill container is clean and does not contain gasoline.

2. The fill caps are not missing, damaged or loose.

3. If applicable:
a. the spring-loaded submerged fill tube seals properly against the coaxial fitting
b. the dry break (poppet valve) is not missing or damaged.

4. The submerged fill tube is not missing or damaged.

5. The distance between the highest level of the discharge opening of the submerged fill tube and the bottom of the stationary storage tank does not exceed six inches (6").

6. The Phase I vapor recovery system complies with required CARB certification and is properly installed.

7. The spill box complies with required CARB certification and is properly installed.

8. The vent pipes are equipped with required pressure/vacuum relief valves. (C) PHASE II VAPOR RECOVERY SYSTEM INSPECTION

1. The fueling instructions are clearly displayed.

2. Each nozzle is the current CARB-certified model.

Rule 461 (Cont.) (Amended January 7, 2022)
461 - 26

ATTACHMENT C - CONTINUED

3. Each nozzle is installed in accordance with the applicable CARB Executive Orders.

4. The following nozzle components are in place and in good condition, as specified in CARB Executive Orders or California Code of Regulations, Title 17, Part III, Chapter 1, subchapter 8, section 94006 or Health and Safety Code Section 41960.2 (e):
a. faceplate/facecone; vapor splash guard/fill guard/efficiency compliance device (ECD)
b. bellows
c. latching device spring
d. vapor check valve
e. spout (proper diameter/vapor collection holes)
f. insertion interlock mechanism
g. automatic shut-off mechanism
h. Hold open latch

5. The hoses are not torn, flattened or crimped.

6. The vapor recovery hoses are the required size and length.

7. The hoses with retractors are adjusted to maintain a proper loop, and the bottom of the loop is within the distance from the island surface certified by the CARB Executive Order for that particular dispenser configuration.

8. The vapor recovery nozzles are equipped with required hoses.

9. The bellows-equipped vapor recovery nozzles are equipped with CARB certified insertion interlock mechanisms.

10. If required, the flow limiter is not missing and is installed properly.

11. The swivels are not missing, defective, or leaking, and the dispenser-end swivels, if applicable, are Fire-Marshall approved with 90-degree stops.

12. If required, the liquid removal devices comply with required CARB certifications and are properly installed.

13. For bellows-less nozzles, the hoses are inverted coaxial type and the vapor collection holes are not obstructed.

14. For vacuum-assist systems, the vapor processing unit and burner are functioning properly.
(C)

Item No. 6.1
City of Laguna Hills
City Council / Planning Agency
Staff Report
Date: September 10, 2024
To: Mayor and Council Members
From: Eric Hendrickson, Finance Director
Issue: Proposed Update to City's Traffic Violator Apprehension Program Fee Recommendation: That the City Council:
1) Conduct a public hearing; and
2) Adopt a Resolution entitled: "A Resolution of the City Council of the City of Laguna Hills, California, Updating the City's Traffic Violator Apprehension Program Fee Repealing Resolution No. 2021-10-12-5, and Finding that the Action is Statutorily Exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Per Section 15273 of the CEQA Guidelines and Public Resources Code Section 21080(B)(8)." Background:

The proposed Resolution (Attachment 1) would update the City's Traffic Violator Apprehension Program (TVAP) fee from $144 to $174, to align with the recently updated Orange County Sheriff's Department (OCSD) fee. Updating this City fee will result in full cost recovery of all administrative costs for the County program.

The City contracts with the OCSD for law enforcement services. At times, the OCSD impounds vehicles from streets, public property, or private property for various Vehicle Code violations (e.g., driving with a suspended license, vehicles that are blocking a fire hydrant, etc.). Section M of the City's Law Enforcement Agreement (Attachment 2) provides for the collection of TVAP fees at a rate set by the County and applies to all vehicles towed or impounded within the City. The TVAP Program is designed to reduce vehicle accidents caused by unlicensed drivers and drivers whose licenses are suspended and to educate the public about the requirements of the Vehicle Code and

Item No. 6.1
related safety issues regarding driver licensing, vehicle registration, vehicle operation, and vehicle parking.

In 2000, the County Board of Supervisors adopted a resolution that established a $50 fee that applies when a licensed driver's vehicle is removed or impounded and a fee of $152 that applies when an unlicensed driver's vehicle is removed or impounded. On June 13, 2000, the City Council adopted a resolution which authorized the City's participation in the TVAP and authorized the OCSD to collect the above-mentioned fees for vehicles impounded within the City.

On November 17, 2020, the Orange County Board of Supervisors updated the County's TVAP fee to $144 per vehicle removal, regardless of license status. On October 12, 2021, the City Council adopted a resolution to update the City fee to align with the County fee of $144 per vehicle removal.

On June 25, 2024, the Orange County Board of Supervisors adopted an updated fee of $174, as a result of a 2024 County fee study. Effective July 1, 2025, and annually thereafter, the TVAP fee will be adjusted by a Consumer Price Index factor. Similar to the past, the County has requested that participating cities update their fees to align.

Vehicle Code section 22850.5 grants the City Council the authority to adopt the attached Resolution. The Resolution complies with the limitations set forth in Vehicle Code section 22850.5 (e.g., fees can only be collected from a vehicle's registered owner or an agent of the registered owner) as well as County-imposed limitations on collecting the same (e.g., a fee is not charged when OCSD impounds a registered owner's stolen vehicle).

Fiscal Impact:

The City of Laguna Hills does not directly receive this fee. This TVAP fee is collected and retained by the County of Orange, and goes to offset the cost of the County program.

Based on the attached cost analysis (Attachment 3), the cost of the TVAP program is $310,068. Related revenues totaled $256,608 (based on the prior fee of $144 per removal), resulting in a shortfall of $53,460 annually. The new proposed fee of $174 per removal allows for full cost recovery of the program.

Item No. 6.1
Attachments:

1. Proposed Resolution - TVAP Fee Update

2. Section M from Law Enforcement Contract

3. TVAP Fee Study Analysis

RESOLUTION NO. 2024-09-10-X

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
LAGUNA HILLS, CALIFORNIA, UPDATING THE CITY’S

TRAFFIC VIOLATOR APPREHENSION PROGRAM FEE,
REPEALING RESOLUTION NO. 2021-10-12-5, AND

FINDING THAT THE ACTION IS STATUTORILY EXEMPT

FROM THE CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
(CEQA) PER SECTION 15273 OF THE CEQA GUIDELINES
AND PUBLIC RESOURCES CODE SECTION 21080(B)(8)
The City Council of the City of Laguna Hills, California, hereby finds, determines, declares, and resolves as follows:

WHEREAS, the City of Laguna Hills contracts with the Orange County Sheriff’s Department (“OCSD”) for law enforcement services; and WHEREAS, the OCSD has instituted a Traffic Violator Apprehension Program designed to reduce vehicle accidents caused by unlicensed drivers and drivers whose licenses are suspended and to educate the public about the requirements of the Vehicle Code and related safety issues regarding driver licensing, vehicle registration, vehicle operation, and parking; and
WHEREAS, the OCSD operates the Traffic Violator Apprehension Program in the unincorporated areas of Orange County and in cities (such as the City of Laguna Hills) that contract with OCSD for law enforcement services; and WHEREAS, operating the Traffic Violator Apprehension Program on an area-wide basis without regard to jurisdictional boundaries between the County and contract cities serves the public purpose of the City because drivers routinely cross jurisdictional boundaries, making an area-wide approach to reduction of traffic accidents and driver education most effective in preventing traffic accidents in all participating jurisdictions; and
WHEREAS, on March 28, 2000, the Orange County Board of Supervisors adopted Resolution No. 00-96, which established fees for the Traffic Violator Apprehension Program that are applicable in unincorporated areas of the County. The fees established by County Resolution No. 00-96 address the Sheriff’s administrative costs relating to the removal, impound, storage, or release of properly impounded vehicles; and
WHEREAS, on June 13, 2000, the Laguna Hills City Council adopted Resolution No. 2000-06-13-1, which authorized OCSD to collect fees in the City in connection with the Traffic Violator Apprehension Program in amounts identical to the County’s fees as set forth in County Resolution No. 00-96; and

Resolution No. 2024-09-10-X

WHEREAS, the Board of Supervisors has directed the funds collected from the Traffic Violator Apprehension Program to be used to reimburse the Sheriff for the administrative costs associated with the removal, storage, impound, and release of vehicles in accordance with the California Vehicle Code (“Vehicle Code”); and WHEREAS, the OCSD impounds vehicles removed from highways, public property, and private property in the unincorporated areas of the County and in contract cities pursuant to the following authority under the Vehicle Code:
14602.6 Suspended, revoked or unlicensed driver/30-day hold 22651 (a) Unattended vehicle on bridge
22651 (d) Vehicle blocking driveway
22651 (e) Vehicle blocking fire hydrant
22651 (f) Vehicle blocking freeway
22651 (h) (1) Driver arrested
22651 (h) (2) Order of suspension or revocation pursuant to section 13388 22651 (i) (1) Multiple parking citations
22651 (j) Lack of vehicle registration
22651 (k) Parking over seventy-two hours
22651 (l) Parking in a construction zone
22651 (m) Violation of special events restriction
22651 (n) No parking zone
22651 (o) (1) Vehicle registration is incorrect, falsified or expired by more than six months
22651 (p) Driver unlicensed or license suspended
22651 (r) Vehicle blocking another vehicle
22651 (t) Notice to appear/illegal amber lights
22651 (u) Acting as a car dealer without a license or temporary permit 22651 (v) Illegally letting stand a mobile billboard advertisement 22651 (w) Second or subsequent violation of an ordinance 22655.3 Removal for investigation (fleeing in violation of section 2800.1 or 2800.2)
22655.5 (a) Vehicle was used as the means of committing a public offense 22655.5 (b) Vehicle is evidence of crime
22669 Abandoned vehicle
WHEREAS, Vehicle Code section 22850.5 authorizes the City Council, by resolution, to establish a fee equal to the administrative costs related to the removal, impound, storage or release of properly impounded vehicles; and WHEREAS, on November 17, 2020, the Orange County Board of Supervisors adopted an updated Traffic Violator Apprehension Program fee of $144.00 per removal; and
WHEREAS, on October 12, 2021, the City Council adopted an updated Traffic Violator Apprehension Program fee of $144.00 per removal; and

Resolution No. 2024-09-10-X

WHEREAS, on June 25, 2024, the Orange County Board of Supervisors adopted an updated Traffic Violator Apprehension Program fee of $174 per removal, and authorized the Sheriff to adjust the rate annually starting July 1, 2025 by an amount not to exceed the annual percentage change of the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim “all items” Consumer Price Index, provided that the amount does not exceed the actual costs to the Sheriff as determined by additional cost studies; and WHEREAS, the City Council desires to update the Traffic Violator Apprehension Program fee to match the County and further desires for the Sheriff to continue to collect the fee on behalf of the City. Continuing with such a practice will ensure that persons whose vehicles are impounded, rather than the public as a whole, will bear the administrative costs of such impounds; and
WHEREAS, Vehicle Code section 22850.5 imposed the following restrictions on the imposition of this administrative fee:
a) The fee may only be imposed on the registered owner or the agents of that owner and may not include any vehicle towed under an abatement program or sold at a lien sale pursuant to Sections 3068.1 to 3074, inclusive, of, and Section 22851 of, the Civil Code unless the sale is sufficient in amount to pay the lienholder’s total charges and proper administrative costs; and
b) Any charges shall be collected by the local or state authority only from the registered owner or an agent of the registered owner; and c) The charges shall be in addition to any other charges authorized or imposed pursuant to this code; and
d) The fee does not include any administrative costs associated with conducting a hearing or appeal relating to the removal, impound, storage, or release of a vehicle; and
WHEREAS, in addition to the limitations set forth above, it is also unfair to impose the administrative fee authorized by Vehicle Code section 22850.5 in the following circumstances: 1) when the vehicle was left because it became inoperable while being driven, if the owner makes good faith attempts promptly to remove the vehicle from location where it is not permitted, 2) when the vehicle was stolen, 3) when the vehicle was left by an ill or injured driver, and 4) when it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Sheriff or his/her designee that neither the registered owner of the vehicle nor his/her agent, if any, was at fault in creating the circumstances leading to the impounding of the vehicle; and
WHEREAS, a Notice of Public Hearing with respect to the proposed updated fee was given according to law and a Public Hearing with respect to the proposed updated was held on the 10th day of September 2024.

NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LAGUNA

HILLS, CALIFORNIA, DOES RESOLVE, DECLARE, DETERMINE, AND ORDER AS FOLLOWS:

Resolution No. 2024-09-10-X

SECTION 1. The foregoing recitals are true and correct and are incorporated herein by reference.

SECTION 2. The City is authorized to continue to participate in the Orange County Sheriff's Department Traffic Violator Apprehension Program as part of the City’s contract for law enforcement services with OCSD.

SECTION 3. Effective immediately, a fee of $174.00 shall be charged for the removal, impound, storage or release of vehicles properly impounded after removal from locations in the City in accordance with or on account of the Vehicle Code provisions listed below:
14602.6 Suspended, revoked or unlicensed driver/30-day hold 22651 (a) Unattended vehicle on bridge
22651 (d) Vehicle blocking driveway
22651 (e) Vehicle blocking fire hydrant
22651 (f) Vehicle blocking freeway
22651 (h) (1) Driver arrested
22651 (h) (2) Order of suspension or revocation pursuant to section 13388 22651 (i) (1) Multiple parking citations
22651 (j) Lack of vehicle registration
22651 (k) Parking over seventy-two hours
22651 (I) Parking in a construction zone
22651 (m) Violation of special events restriction
22651 (n) No parking zone
22651 (o) (1) Vehicle registration is incorrect, falsified or expired by more than six months
22651 (p) Driver unlicensed or license suspended
22651 (r) Vehicle blocking another vehicle
22651 (t) Notice to appear/illegal amber lights
22651 (u) Acting as a car dealer without a license or temporary permit 22651 (v) Illegally letting stand a mobile billboard advertisement 22651 (w) Second or subsequent violation of an ordinance 22655.3 Removal for investigation (fleeing in violation of section 2800.1 or 2800.2)
22655.5 (a) Vehicle was used as the means of committing a public offense
22655.5 (b) Vehicle is evidence of crime
22669 Abandoned vehicle
SECTION 4. The OCSD is authorized to collect the fee established herein, on behalf of the City, at the time of release of vehicles that are subject to the fee. Effective July 1, 2025, and annually thereafter, the City’s established fee shall administratively adjust by an amount not to exceed the annual percentage change of the Los AngelesLong Beach-Anaheim “all items” Consumer Price Index, provided that the amount does not exceed the actual costs to the Sheriff as determined by additional cost studies. This will ensure the City fee matches the County fee.

Resolution No. 2024-09-10-X

SECTION 5. The fee established herein shall only be imposed on the registered owner or the agent of the owner of the impounded vehicle, shall not include any vehicle towed under an abatement program or sold at a lien sale pursuant to Sections 3068.1 to 3074, inclusive of, and Section 22851 of, the Civil Code unless the sale is sufficient in amount to pay the lienholder's total charges and proper administrative costs.

SECTION 6. The fee established herein shall be collected only from the registered owner or an agent of the registered owner and that said fee is in addition to any other charges authorized or imposed pursuant to the Vehicle Code.

SECTION 7. The fee established herein complies with Vehicle Code section 22850.5 (b)(4) as the cost study conducted by the Sheriff that supports the $174.00 per removal fee did not include administrative costs for conducting a hearing or appeal related to the removal, impound, storage, or release of a vehicle.

SECTION 8. The OCSD shall not impose the fee established herein in any of the following circumstances: a) when the vehicle was left because it became inoperable while being driven, if the owner made good faith attempts promptly to remove the vehicle from a location where it was not permitted: b) when the vehicle was stolen; c) when the vehicle was left by an ill or injured drive; or d) when it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Sheriff or his/her designee that neither the registered owner of the vehicle nor his/her agent, if any, was at fault in creating the circumstances leading to the impounding of the vehicle.

SECTION 9. A registered owner or an agent of a registered owner who believes they are exempt from the fee established herein under any of the criteria listed in Section 8 above may apply in writing for a waiver of the fee and shall present such supporting information or documentation, as the OCSD may request, to the City's Administrative Sergeant. Upon the presentation of a written application for waiver of said fee, together with such supporting documentation as may be requested by the OCSD, the Administrative Sergeant or their designee shall determine promptly whether the applicant meets the criteria for a waiver of the fee and if so, shall waive the fee.

SECTION 10. The OCSD is directed to deposit the proceeds of the fee established herein into the Traffic Violator Fund and shall be used in conformance with the County's restrictions for the Traffic Violator Fund and with any applicable provisions set forth in the City's agreement with the OCSD for law enforcement services.

SECTION 11. The Orange County Board of Supervisors is authorized to carry forward in the Traffic Violator Fund and accumulate any balance of proceeds of fees imposed by this Resolution that remains at the end of a fiscal year, as long as such fee proceeds will be used for the purposes provided herein
SECTION 12. The City Council finds that the adoption of this Resolution is exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act ("CEQA") pursuant to Section 15273 of the CEQA Guidelines and Section 21080(b)(8) of the Public Resources Code, which provide that CEQA does not apply to the establishment, modification, structuring, restructuring, or approval of rates, tolls, fares, and other charges by public agencies which the public

Resolution No. 2024-09-10-X

agency finds are for the purpose of meeting operating requirements. The City's approval of the Traffic Violator Apprehension Program fee is not designed to increase services, but rather it is designed to update the City's existing fee regulations to reflect and match the County's fee. Updating the City's Traffic Violator Apprehension Program fee will assist Police Services in meeting operating expenses associated with the removal, impoundment, and storage of vehicles, as authorized under the Vehicle Code, and does not undertake any activity that has the potential for causing a significant impact on the environment. In accordance with such determination, City Staff is hereby directed to file a Notice of Exemption upon adoption of this Resolution.

SECTION 13. City Council Resolution No. 2021-10-12-5 is hereby repealed and superseded by this Resolution.

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 10th day of September 2024. ____________________________________

DAVE WHEELER, MAYOR
ATTEST:
______________________________________

KAYLE MCDONALD, DEPUTY CITY CLERK

Resolution No. 2024-09-10-X

STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
COUNTY OF ORANGE ) ss

CITY OF LAGUNA HILLS )
I, Kayle McDonald, Deputy City Clerk of the City of Laguna Hills, California, DO HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing is a true and correct copy of Resolution No. 2024-09-10-X adopted by the City Council of the City of Laguna Hills, California, at a Regular Meeting thereof held on the 10th day of September 2024, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:
(SEAL)
_____________________________________

KAYLE MCDONALD, DEPUTY CITY CLERK

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L. INDEMNIFICATION: (Continued)
counsel approved in writing by CITY, CITY and its elected and appointed officials, officers, agents, employees, subcontractors and independent contractors in any legal action or claim of any kind based or asserted upon such alleged acts or omissions.

M. TRAFFIC VIOLATOR APPREHENSION PROGRAM:

1. erated by SHERIFF, and is designed to reduce
vehicle accidents caused by unlicensed drivers and drivers whose licenses are suspended and to educate the public about the requirements of the Vehicle Code and related safety issues with regard to driver licensing, vehicle registration, vehicle operation, and vehicle parking. The Program operates throughout the unincorporated areas of the COUNTY and in the cities that con
without regard to jurisdictional boundaries, because an area-wide approach to reduction of traffic accidents and driver education is most effective in preventing traffic accidents. In order for CITY to participate in the Program, CITY has adopted fees pursuant to Vehicle Code Section 22850.5, in the same amount as approved by COUNTY, as set forth in the resolution that is Attachment F
participation in the Program may be terminated at any time by rescission or amendment of the TVAP resolution. In the event CITY 1) amends said TVAP resolution, or rescinds said TVAP resolution and adopts a new TVAP resolution pertaining to the above-referenced fees and the Program, and 2) of CITY, and SHERIFF, on behalf of COUNTY, have authority to execute an amendment of this Agreement to substitute C

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M. TRAFFIC VIOLATOR APPREHENSION PROGRAM: (Continued)
resolution for Attachment F to the Agreement, as long as said amendment to this Agreement does not materially change any other provision of this Agreement. As COUNTY updates its fees for the Program periodically, COUNTY will provi
participation in the Program will terminate if CITY determines not to adopt the updated fees for the Program.

2. COUNTY will make available for review, at the request of CITY, all financial data related to the Program as may be requested by CITY.

3. Fee revenue generated by COUNTY and participating cities will be used to fund the following positions, which will be assigned to the Program:

Ten one hundredths of one (0.10) Sergeant
(8 hours per two-week pay period)
One (1) Staff Specialist
(80 hours per two-week pay period)
One (1) Office Specialist
(80 hours per two-week pay period)

4. Fee revenue generated by CITY may be used to reimburse CITY for expenditures for equipment and/or supplies directly in support of the Program. In order for an expenditure for equipment and/or supplies to be eligible for reimbursement, CITY shall submit a request for and obtain preapproval of the expenditure by using the form as shown in Attachment G.

The request shall be submitted within the budget schedule established by SHERIFF. SHERIFF shall approve the expenditure only if both of the following conditions are satisfied: 1) there are sufficient Program funds, attributable
purchase, and 2) CITY will use the equipment and/or supplies, during their entire useful life, only for purposes authorized by its TVAP resolution in

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M. TRAFFIC VIOLATOR APPREHENSION PROGRAM: (Continued)
effect at the time of purchase.

In the event that CITY terminates its participation in the Program, CITY agrees that the equipment purchased by CITY and reimbursed by Program funds will continue to be used, during the remainder of its useful life, AP resolution in effect
at the time of purchase.

5. In the event the fees adopted by COUNTY, CITY and other participating jurisdictions are not adequate to continue operation of the Program at the level at which it operated previously, COUNTY, at the option of CITY, will reduce the level of Program service to be provided to CITY or will continue to provide the existing level of Program services. COUNTY will charge CITY the cost of any Program operations that exceed the revenue generated by fees. Such charges shall be in addition to the Maximum Obligation of CITY set forth in Subsection G-2 of this Agreement. The amount of any revenue shortfall charged to CITY will be determined, at the time the revenue share of Program services
rendered. In the event of a reduction in level of Program service, termination of Program service or adjustment of costs, the parties shall execute an amendment to this Agreement so providing. Decisions about how to reduce the level of Program service provided to CITY shall be made by SHERIFF with the approval of CITY.

N. MOBILE DATA COMPUTERS:

1. As part of the law enforcement services to be provided to CITY, COUNTY has provided, or will provide, mobile data computers (hereinafter called designated by COUNTY for use within CITY limits.
//

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Attachment F

Item No. 7.1
City of Laguna Hills
City Council / Planning Agency
Staff Report
Date: September 10, 2024
To: Mayor and Council Members
From: Joe Ames, Public Works Director/City Engineer
Issue: Proposed Reader Board at the Corner of Alicia Parkway and Paseo de Valencia
Recommendation: That the City Council:
1) Approve the conceptual design of the proposed reader board at the corner of Alicia Parkway and Paseo de Valencia;
2) Establish CIP No. 318 for the proposed project;
3) Authorize the Finance Director to amend the budget by allocating $525,000 from the General Fund Reserves into CIP No. 318; and
4) Authorize City staff to develop construction plans and documents.

Background:

At the June 25, 2024, City Council meeting, City staff presented a conceptual design for the construction of a reader board at the southwest corner La Paz Road and Paseo de Valencia. After discussion, a motion to: 1) approve the conceptual design for the reader board at the corner La Paz Road and Paseo de Valencia; and 2) to contact the property owner of the Ralph’s shopping center at the southeast corner of Alicia Parkway and Paseo de Valencia to potentially allow for the replacement of the existing Ralph’s monument sign with the City’s proposed reader board was passed.

City staff contacted the Ralph’s shopping center property owner, and the property owner indicated that due to existing lease agreements, addressing this issue with

Item No. 7.1
Ralph's will be quite time-consuming and may not ultimately materialize.

Given City Council’s implied preference for the monument sign to be placed at Alicia Parkway and Paseo de Valencia, City staff met with RJM Design Group, Inc., and created a new alternative that involves reducing the number of traffic lanes on Paseo de Valencia at Alicia Parkway to create space within the existing right-of-way to place the proposed reader board at the northeast corner of intersection.

A rendering of the alternative is attached to this agenda report.

In March 2024, City staff informed City Council of the award of $4,998,000 from the Orange County Complete Streets Program for the Paseo de Valencia and Cabot Road Active Transportation Enhancements Project. This project includes removal of one vehicular travel lane in each direction on Paseo de Valencia between Alicia Parkway and Cabot Road to construct a Class IV two-way bikeway along the roadway. This month, Orange County Transportation Authority is scheduled to approve an amendment to the Master Plan of Arterial Highways, allowing for the reclassification of this roadway from an arterial highway to a collector street. This step clears an important regulatory hurdle in the project. Construction of this larger project is scheduled to occur in FY2026/2027.

Therefore, because this segment of Paseo de Valencia is already scheduled to be placed on a “road diet,” newly created, unpaved right-of-way will be available for the placement of the proposed reader board.

City staff is now proposing to advance the construction of a portion of the overall Paseo de Valencia and Cabot Road Active Transportation Enhancements Project to remove the existing right-turn lane on northbound Paseo de Valencia at Alicia Parkway to construct a new street corner to make space for the proposed reader board. This work will also involve the relocation of two traffic signal poles at the northeast corner to align with the beginning and the end of the curb returns for the new street corner.

Consequently, City staff recommends that City Council approve this new conceptual design at the northeast corner of Paseo de Valencia and Alicia Parkway and allocate funding for design and construction. If the conceptual design is approved and funding is allocated, City staff will engage with one or more of the on-call civil engineering and/or landscape architecture firms to complete construction plans and documents. City staff plans to return to City Council in March 2025 for authority to advertise the project for construction bidding.

CEQA Findings:

Item No. 7.1
Environmental review is not required under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Chapter 3, Section 15301 as a Class 1 Categorical Exemption – “Existing Facilities.” Fiscal Impact:

The estimated cost for preparing the construction plans and documents for bidding is $80,000. The estimated construction cost of the conceptual design, including street improvements, is approximately $775,000.

The $4,998,000 grant from the Orange County Complete Streets Program for the Paseo de Valencia and Cabot Road Active Transportation Enhancements Project can pay for 88% of the "road diet" street improvements, but not any of the reader board work.

Based upon the proposed project's design and construction costs, below are the proposed project expenses and funding sources:

Projected Expenses:

Design: $80,000
Reader Board Construction: $400,000
Street Improvements Construction: $375,000
Total Project Cost: $855,000
Proposed Funding Sources:

Orange County Complete Streets Program: $330,000 (88% of Street Improvements Construction)
General Fund: $525,000
Total Proposed Funding: $855,000
Consequently, City staff is recommending that City Council authorize the Finance Director to amend the budget by allocating $525,000 from the General Fund reserves into CIP No. 318.

Attachments:

1. OCCSP Award Letter

2. Reader Board Concept - Alicia Parkway and Paseo de Valencia

THIS DOCUMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF RJM DESIGN GROUP, INC., AND NO PART THEREOF SHALL BE USED, REUSED, OR MODIFIED WITHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF RJM DESIGN GROUP, INC. © 2024 RJM Design Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

LAGUNA HILLS READER BOARDS

CITY OF LAGUNA HILLS, CALIFORNIA
7/17/2024 CONCEPT A - PASEO DE VALENCIA X ALICIA

ELEVATION VIEW A
SCALE: NTS
LEGEND
NOTES

1. Peaked precast cap

2. City signage

3. Stone Veneer

4. Smooth plaster finish with reveal

5. Precast square concrete cap

6. 4’ x 12’ LED Readerboard screen

7. Precast rectilinear wall cap

8. 24” box evergreen hedge

9. City seals

10.Widened sidwalk

11. Adjusted turn lane

12.Existing asphalt to remain
A. Reader board and wall size: 8’ x 36’-6”
B. Design assumes acceptance of the
Paseo de Valencia road diet project
6 8
3 9
5 2
7 4
10 11
12

Item No. 7.2
City of Laguna Hills
City Council / Planning Agency
Staff Report
Date: September 10, 2024
To: Mayor and Council Members
From: Joe Ames, Public Works Director/City Engineer
Issue: Proposed Street Name Sign Replacements
Recommendation: That the City Council: 1) Approve one of the proposed conceptual street name sign designs; 2) Authorize City staff to develop bid documents for the procurement and installation of the street name signs Citywide; and 3) Authorize the Finance Director to amend the budget by transferring $200,000 from General Fund Reserves to CIP No. 153.

Background:

At the January 31, 2024, Events, Communications, and Beautification Committee (ECBC) meeting, Councilmembers Heft and Pezold requested that City staff work on designing new street name signs to replace the existing white text with green background street name signs currently used City-wide.

Subsequently, at the February 14th ECBC meeting, City staff presented their first conceptual designs. After further input at the February 14 meeting, City staff continued to present refined conceptual designs at the March 22, April 10, and May 15 meetings for additional input to arrive at two final, refined conceptual designs.

At the August 14 meeting, City staff presented physical samples of the two final, refined conceptual designs:

Option 1: Black lettering on a white background adorned with a “blade sign” containing the words “LAGUNA HILLS” and the City’s logo on a white background.

Option 2: White lettering on a black background adorned with a “blade sign” containing

Item No. 7.2
the words “LAGUNA HILLS” and the City’s logo on a black background.

Councilmembers Heft and Pezold indicated both final, refined designs were acceptable, but expressed a preference for Option 2. They further directed City staff to develop mockups for matching street name signs for the traffic signal mast arms and that this combined project be brought before City Council as soon as possible for approval.

A photograph of the street name sign options installed in the Civic Center parking lot, and mockups of both the street name signs and the traffic signal mast arms signs are attached to this agenda report.

The traffic signal mast arm signs, if approved, would replace the internally illuminated street name signs with metal signage which is not internally illuminated – similar to some other signage replacements done by Orange County cities in recent years.

There are approximately 325 City-signed street name intersections in the City, plus an additional 47 signalized intersections which would require new signage if this project is approved.

Consequently, City staff now recommends that City Council approve one of the conceptual designs, authorize City staff to develop bid documents for bidding, and amend the budget to provide funding for this project. If the conceptual design is approved, once bid documents are prepared, City staff anticipates returning to City Council in November 2025 for authority to advertise the project for construction bidding.

CEQA Findings:

Environmental review is not required under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to the California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Chapter 3, Section15301 as a Class 1 Categorical Exemption – “Existing Facilities.” Fiscal Impact:

The estimated cost of this combined project is $325,000. While City-wide street name sign replacements were not budgeted for in the biennial FY 2023-2025 budget, a related project, the replacement of internally illuminated street name signs used on traffic signal mast arms at the City’s 47 intersections controlled by traffic signals, was budgeted in the amount of $125,000 as CIP 153. Therefore, if approved, the City Engineer estimates an additional $200,000 will be needed to implement this project.

Item No. 7.2
Accordingly, City staff recommends that City Council authorize the Finance Director to amend the budget by transferring $200,000 from General Fund Reserves to CIP No. 153.

Attachments:

1. Photographs and Mockups

OPTION 1:

OPTION 2:

Photograph of sample street name signs installed in the Civic Center parking lot. “Option 1” is on the left. “Option 2” is on the right.

Photo taken August 21, 2024.

Above is an example of a new traffic signal mast arm street name sign that was recently installed in the City of Placentia.

These new installations took the place of traditional, internally illuminated street name signs (ISNS), like the one pictured below:

City staff is proposing to replace all ISNS with non-illuminated metal signage similar to Placentia.

Item No. 8.1
City of Laguna Hills
City Council / Planning Agency
Staff Report
Date: September 10, 2024
To: Mayor and Council Members
From: Erica Pezold, Council Member
Issue: Consideration of a Policy to Ban the Installation and Use of Artificial Turf on City-owned properties in the City of Laguna Hills
Recommendation: Council Member Pezold recommends that the City Council direct staff to prepare the policy and return at the September 24, 2024, meeting for final approval.

Background:

In accordance with City Council Policy 120, at the August 27, 2024, regular meeting, Council Member Pezold requested and received a second from Council Member Caskey to place this item on the agenda for discussion.

Fiscal Impact:

Unknown at this time.

Attachments:

1. Policy to Ban the Installation and Use of Artificial Turf in the City of Laguna Hills

A Policy to Ban the Installation and Use of Artificial Turf in the City of Laguna Hills Section 1: Purpose and Intent
The City of Laguna Hills has established this Policy to promote environmental sustainability, protect public health, and enhance our community's aesthetic and ecological quality. This Policy prohibits the installation and use of artificial turf on City property within city limits. The City Council has determined that the drawbacks of artificial turf outweigh its benefits, and that natural grass offers significant advantages to our community.

Section 2: Findings
The City Council finds and declares the following:

Environmental Impact: Artificial turf has a negative impact on the environment. Its production consumes a significant amount of energy and non-renewable resources, such as petroleum-based plastics. Unlike natural grass, artificial turf does not support biodiversity and can contribute to the urban heat island effect by absorbing and radiating heat.

Health Concerns: Artificial turf can pose health risks to residents, especially children who play on it. The materials used in artificial turf, including crumb rubber infill made from recycled tires, can contain harmful chemicals and heavy metals. These substances can become airborne, and when inhaled or ingested, they can pose potential health hazards.

Surface Temperature: Artificial turf surfaces can become significantly hotter than natural grass, reaching temperatures that can cause burns or heat-related illnesses. This is especially concerning in our city, where high temperatures are common during the summer months.

Water Runoff and Drainage: Unlike natural grass, which absorbs and filters rainwater, artificial turf can contribute to increased toxic water runoff and potential flooding. This can strain our city's stormwater management systems and contribute to water pollution.

Maintenance and Longevity: While artificial turf is often marketed as a low-maintenance alternative to grass, it requires regular cleaning and eventual replacement, leading to waste and disposal issues.

Natural grass, on the other hand, can be maintained sustainably with proper care and supports longterm soil health.

Section 3: Benefits of Natural Grass
The City Council recognizes the following benefits of maintaining natural grass:

1. Environmental Benefits: Natural grass provides essential ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, oxygen production, and cooling through evapotranspiration and encouragement of rain.

It also supports local biodiversity by providing habitat for insects, birds, and other wildlife.

2. Health and Safety: Natural grass is a safer playing surface for children and athletes. It remains cooler than artificial turf and does not contain potentially harmful chemicals. Grass surfaces are also more forgiving, reducing the risk of injuries from falls.

3. Water Management: Grass helps to manage stormwater by absorbing rainfall and reducing runoff.

This natural filtration process helps to maintain water quality and reduce the burden on our stormwater systems.

4. Aesthetic Value: Natural grass enhances the visual appeal of our city, creating green spaces that contribute to the well-being and quality of life for our residents.

Section 4: Prohibition

1. Effective immediately, the installation of artificial turf is prohibited on all City owned properties within the city limits of the city of Laguna Hills.

2. Existing installations of artificial turf must be removed and replaced with natural grass or other approved landscaping materials when the turf is removed.

3. When possible, natural grass is encouraged to be planted in the city of Laguna Hills to improve the enjoyment of residents.

Section 7: Severability
If any provision of this Policy is found to be unconstitutional or otherwise invalid by any court of competent jurisdiction, that invalidity shall not affect the remaining provisions of this ordinance, which can be implemented without the invalid provision, and to this end, the provisions of this ordinance are declared to be severable.

Section 8: Effective Date
This Policy shall take effect immediately upon its adoption.

Adopted this [Date] by the City Council of Laguna Hills.

Item No. 9.1
City of Laguna Hills
City Council / Planning Agency
Staff Report
Date: September 10, 2024
To: Mayor and Council Members
From: Jennifer Lee, City Clerk
Issue: Committee Assignment Reports
Recommendation: That the City Council receive reports from City Council Members on the City Council Committee Assignments listed in the staff report.

Background:

The following are recent meetings and events attended by the City Council for their City Council Committee Assignments.

Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG)
Community, Economic & Human Development Committee
Council Member Caskey
September 5, Regular Meeting
Fiscal Impact:

The City does not provide any additional compensation to City Council Members for serving on outside agency boards or committees.

Attachments:

None