Agenda packet — Lincoln City Council, January 27, 2026 (part 2 of 2)

Water Master Plan Update
January 2026
Table 8-19. Future System Evaluation Results Summary
Phase Average Day Demand Results Maximum Day Demand Results Maximum Day Demand Plus Fire Flow Results Recommended Performance Evaluation Improvements 5-Year • Meets pressure criteria at most customer
service locations.
• Majority of system ranges from 80 - greater than 100 psi. • Some locations in the east, northeast, and Village 1
(i.e., Turkey Creek and Stardust) range from 40 – 80 psi due to high elevations.
• Pressures below 40 psi occur adjacent to major system facilities where the associated pipelines do not have
service connections.
• Velocity exceedance (8 fps) in existing 8-inch diameter pipe at intersection of 1st Street and Joiner Ranch.
• No wells operating.
• Meets pressure criteria at most customer
service locations.
• Majority of system ranges from 60 to 100 psi.
• Some locations in the east and Village 1 (i.e., Turkey Creek and Stardust) range from 40 - 60 psi due to
high elevations.
• Pressures below 40 psi occur adjacent to major system facilities where the associated pipelines do not have
service connections.
• Velocity exceedance (20 fps) in existing 8-inch diameter pipe at intersection of 1st Street and Joiner Ranch.
• 3 wells operating (1 well operating full-time and 2 wells during peak hour).
• Most existing tested locations meet the required
fire flow.
• Existing tested locations in the model that do not meet the required fire flow are existing known deficiencies
(i.e., areas with larger fire flow requirements which
require multiple hydrants [i.e., 3,000 and 4,000 gpm]
and/or located at small diameter [(i.e., 6-inch)] dead-end distribution pipelines).
• All tested future development locations meet the
required fire flow.
• No recommended improvements for normal operations.
• Known existing fire flow deficiencies not located on
dead-end pipelines will be addressed with the R&R
Program described in Chapter 9.
• No recommended improvements for other existing fire
flow deficiencies.
10-Year • Meets pressure criteria at most customer
service locations.
• Majority of system ranges from 80 to greater than
100 psi similar to 5-Year Phase.
• Some locations in the east, northeast, and Village 1 range from 40 - 80 psi due to high elevations.
• -Pressures improve and range from 80 - 100 psi in
Stardust of Village 1 due to being served by the new
450 Zone.
• Pressures below 40 psi occur at the same locations as the 5-Year Phase, adjacent to major system facilities where the associated pipelines do not have service connections. • No velocity exceedances in distribution system pipelines. • No wells operating.
• Meets pressure criteria at most customer
service locations.
• Majority of system ranges from 60 to 100 psi with an
increase in areas with 80 to 100 psi to the north
compared to the 5-Year Phase.
• Some locations served in the east and Village 1 range from 40 - 60 psi due to high elevations.
• Pressures improve and range from 80 - 100 psi in
Stardust of Village 1 due to being served by the new
450 Zone.
• Pressures below 40 psi occur at the same locations as the 5-Year Phase, adjacent to major system facilities where the associated pipelines do not have service connections. • No velocity exceedances in distribution system pipelines. • 3 wells operating (1 well operating full-time and 2 wells during peak hour).
• Most existing tested locations meet the required
fire flow.
• One existing deficient fire flow location is alleviated by the R&R Program.
• Existing tested locations in the model that do not meet the required fire flow are existing known deficiencies
(i.e., areas with larger fire flow requirements which
require multiple hydrants [i.e., 3,000 and 4,000 gpm]
and/or located at small diameter [(i.e., 6-inch)] dead-end distribution pipelines).
• All tested future development locations meet the
required fire flow.
• No recommended improvements for normal operations.
• No recommended improvements for existing fire
flow deficiencies.
15-Year • Meets pressure criteria at most customer
service locations.
• Majority of system ranges from 80 to greater than
100 psi with a slight decrease in pressures to the west compared to the 10-Year Phase.
• Pressures ranging from 40 to 80 psi are at the same
locations as the 10-Year Phase due to high elevations.
• Pressures below 40 psi occur at the same locations as the 10-Year Phase, adjacent to major system facilities where the associated pipelines do not have service connections. • No velocity exceedances in distribution system pipelines. • No wells operating.
• Meets pressure criteria at most customer
service locations.
• Majority of system ranges from 60 to 100 psi with a slight decrease in pressures to the north compared to the
10-Year Phase.
• Pressures ranging from 40 to 80 psi are at the same
locations as the 10-Year Phase due to high elevations.
• Pressures below 40 psi occur at the same locations as the 10-Year Phase, adjacent to major system facilities where the associated pipelines do not have service connections. • No velocity exceedances in distribution system pipelines. • 6 wells operating (3 wells operating full-time and 3 wells during peak hour).
• Most existing tested locations meet the required
fire flow.
• Existing tested locations in the model that do not meet the required fire flow are existing known deficiencies
(i.e., areas with larger fire flow requirements which
require multiple hydrants [i.e., 3,000 and 4,000 gpm]
and/or located at small diameter [(i.e., 6-inch)] dead-end distribution pipelines).
• All tested future development locations meet the
required fire flow.
• No recommended improvements for normal operations.
• No recommended improvements for existing fire
flow deficiencies.
20-Year • Meets pressure criteria at most customer
service locations.
• Majority of system ranges from 80 to 100 psi with a
slight decrease in pressures to the west compared to the 15-Year Phase.
• Meets pressure criteria at most customer
service locations.
• Majority of system ranges from 60 to 100 psi with a slight decrease in pressures to the north compared to the
15-Year Phase.
• Most existing tested locations meet the required
fire flow.
• Existing tested locations in the model that do not meet the required fire flow are existing known deficiencies
(i.e., areas with larger fire flow requirements which
• No recommended improvements for normal operations.
• No recommended improvements for existing fire
flow deficiencies.
265
N-206-60-24-56-WP-R-T-T8-19

Page 2 of 2 ends

Buildout • Meets pressure criteria at most customer
service locations.
• Majority of system ranges from 80 to 100 psi with a
slight decrease in pressures to the west compared to the 20-Year Phase.
• Pressures ranging from 40 to 80 psi are at the same
locations as the 20-Year Phase due to high elevations.
• Pressures below 40 psi occur at the same locations as the 20-Year Phase, adjacent to major system facilities where the associated pipelines do not have service connections. • No velocity exceedances in distribution system pipelines. • No wells operating.
• Meets pressure criteria at most customer
service locations.
• Majority of system ranges from 60 to 80 psi which is an overall decrease in pressures compared to the
20-Year Phase.
• Pressures ranging from 40 to 80 psi are at the same
locations as the 20-Year Phase with additional locations in the east and northeast due to high elevations.
• Pressures below 40 psi occur at the same locations as the 20-Year Phase, with additional locations located at high elevations and/or end of dead-end pipes.
• Borderline velocity exceedances in transmission mains near storage tanks and pressure reducing stations
(7 to 8 fps).
• 24 wells operating (20 wells operating full-time and 4 wells during peak hour).
• Most existing tested locations meet the required
fire flow.
• Existing deficiencies in the north by Village 2 are resolved. • Existing tested locations in the model that do not meet the required fire flow are existing known deficiencies
(i.e., areas with larger fire flow requirements which
require multiple hydrants [i.e., 3,000 and 4,000 gpm]
and/or located at small diameter [(i.e., 6-inch)] dead-end distribution pipelines).
• All tested future development locations meet the
required fire flow.
• No recommended improvements for normal operations
since velocity exceedances are borderline.
• Four new wells to meet peak demands during
maximum day.
• No recommended improvements for existing fire
flow deficiencies.
266
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Conspiracy
Point Tank
3 MG Tank
Verdera
Tank #3
V5 Tank #1
Notes:

1. Velocities in majority of the distribution
system are less than 7 feet per second.

Minimum System Pressure
Less than 40 psi
40 - 60 psi
60 - 80 psi
80 - 100 psi
Greater than 100 psi
System Facilites
2!!
Placer County Water
Agency Metering Station
") Groundwater Well
[PS ±
Pump Station
XW
Pressure Regulating
Station
TU Storage Tank
Distribution Pipeline
(<18-inch)
Transmission Pipeline
(≥18-inch)
Boundaries
375 Zone
375 Zone West
475 Zone
575 Zone
610 Zone
650 Zone
750 Zone
775 Zone
Existing City Limit
City Sphere of Influence
Figure 8-2
Minimum Pressure at
Average Day Demand
5-Year Water System
0 3,750 7,500
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig8-2_ADD_5YR: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch8_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 1/7/2026 267
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B
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V
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Conspiracy
Point Tank
3 MG Tank Verdera
Tank #3
V5 Tank #1
Notes:

1. Velocities in the distribution system are
less than 7 feet per second.

Minimum System Pressure
Less than 40 psi
40 - 60 psi
60 - 80 psi
80 - 100 psi
Greater than 100 psi
System Facilites
2!!
Placer County Water
Agency Metering Station
") Groundwater Well
[PS ±
Pump Station
XW
Pressure Regulating
Station
TU Storage Tank
Distribution Pipeline
(<18-inch)
Transmission Pipeline
(≥18-inch)
Boundaries
375 Zone
375 Zone West
450 Zone
475 Zone
575 Zone
610 Zone
650 Zone
750 Zone
775 Zone
Existing City Limit
City Sphere of Influence
Figure 8-3
Minimum Pressure at
Average Day Demand
10-Year Water System
0 3,750 7,500
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig8-3_ADD_10YR: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch8_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 1/7/2026 268
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Conspiracy
Point Tank
3 MG Tank Verdera
Tank #3
V5 Tank #1
V5 Tank #2
Notes:

1. Velocities in the distribution system are
less than 7 feet per second.

Minimum System Pressure
Less than 40 psi
40 - 60 psi
60 - 80 psi
80 - 100 psi
Greater than 100 psi
System Facilites
2!!
Placer County Water
Agency Metering Station
") Groundwater Well
[PS ±
Pump Station
XW
Pressure Regulating
Station
TU Storage Tank
Distribution Pipeline
(<18-inch)
Transmission Pipeline
(≥18-inch)
Boundaries
375 Zone
375 Zone West
450 Zone
475 Zone
575 Zone
610 Zone
650 Zone
750 Zone
775 Zone
Existing City Limit
City Sphere of Influence
Figure 8-4
Minimum Pressure at
Average Day Demand
15-Year Water System
0 3,750 7,500
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig8-4_ADD_15YR: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch8_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 1/7/2026 269
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Conspiracy
Point Tank
3 MG Tank Verdera
Tank #3
V5 Tank #1
V5 Tank #2
Notes:

1. Velocities in the distribution system are
less than 7 feet per second.

Minimum System Pressure
Less than 40 psi
40 - 60 psi
60 - 80 psi
80 - 100 psi
Greater than 100 psi
System Facilites
2!!
Placer County Water
Agency Metering Station
") Groundwater Well
[PS ±
Pump Station
XW
Pressure Regulating
Station
TU Storage Tank
Distribution Pipeline
(<18-inch)
Transmission Pipeline
(≥18-inch)
Boundaries
375 Zone
375 Zone West
450 Zone
475 Zone
575 Zone
610 Zone
650 Zone
750 Zone
775 Zone
Existing City Limit
City Sphere of Influence
Figure 8-5
Minimum Pressure at
Average Day Demand
20-Year Water System
0 3,750 7,500
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig8-5_ADD_20YR: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch8_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 1/7/2026 270
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Conspiracy
Point Tank
3 MG Tank
Verdera
Tank #3
V5 Tank #1
Airport
Tank
V5 Tank #2
V2 Tank
Notes:

1. Velocities in the distribution system are
less than 7 feet per second.

Minimum System Pressure
Less than 40 psi
40 - 60 psi
60 - 80 psi
80 - 100 psi
Greater than 100 psi
System Facilites
2!!
Placer County Water
Agency Metering Station
") Groundwater Well
[PS ±
Pump Station
XW
Pressure Regulating
Station
TU Storage Tank
Distribution Pipeline
(<18-inch)
Transmission Pipeline
(≥18-inch)
Boundaries
375 Zone
375 Zone West
450 Zone
475 Zone
575 Zone
610 Zone
650 Zone
750 Zone
775 Zone
Existing City Limit
City Sphere of Influence
Figure 8-6
Minimum Pressure at
Average Day Demand
Buildout Water System
0 3,750 7,500
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig8-6_ADD_BO: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch8_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 1/7/2026 271
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L I N C O
L
N
B
L
V
D
Conspiracy
Point Tank
3 MG Tank
Verdera
Tank #3
V5 Tank #1
Notes:

1. Velocities in majority of the distribution
system are less than 7 feet per second.

Minimum System Pressure
Less than 40 psi
40 - 60 psi
60 - 80 psi
80 - 100 psi
Greater than 100 psi
System Facilites
2!!
Placer County Water
Agency Metering Station
") Groundwater Well
[PS ±
Pump Station
XW
Pressure Regulating
Station
TU Storage Tank
Distribution Pipeline
(<18-inch)
Transmission Pipeline
(≥18-inch)
Boundaries
375 Zone
375 Zone West
475 Zone
575 Zone
610 Zone
650 Zone
750 Zone
775 Zone
Existing City Limit
City Sphere of Influence
Figure 8-7
Minimum Pressure at
Maximum Day Demand
5-Year Water System
0 3,750 7,500
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig8-7_MDD_5YR: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch8_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 1/7/2026 272
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L I N C O L N

B L V D

S D O W D R D N D O W D R D

E C A T L E T T R D

L I N C O
L
N
B
L
V
D
Conspiracy
Point Tank
3 MG Tank Verdera
Tank #3
V5 Tank #1
Notes:

1. Velocities in the distribution system are
less than 7 feet per second.

Minimum System Pressure
Less than 40 psi
40 - 60 psi
60 - 80 psi
80 - 100 psi
Greater than 100 psi
System Facilites
2!!
Placer County Water
Agency Metering Station
") Groundwater Well
[PS ±
Pump Station
XW
Pressure Regulating
Station
TU Storage Tank
Distribution Pipeline
(<18-inch)
Transmission Pipeline
(≥18-inch)
Boundaries
375 Zone
375 Zone West
450 Zone
475 Zone
575 Zone
610 Zone
650 Zone
750 Zone
775 Zone
Existing City Limit
City Sphere of Influence
Figure 8-8
Minimum Pressure at
Maximum Day Demand
10-Year Water System
0 3,750 7,500
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig8-8_MDD_10YR: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch8_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 1/7/2026 273
TU
TU
TU TU
TU
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW

XWXW XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
")
")
")
") ")
")
")
")
")
")
")
[PS ±
[PS ±
[2P!!S ±
2!!
¬«65
¬«193

N I C O L A U S R D
D E L
W
E
B
B
B
L
V
D
E
J
O
I
N E R
P
K
W
Y

T W E L V
E
B
R
I
D
G
E
S
D R

N E L S O N L N
M
C
C
O
U
R
T
N
E
Y
R
D

J O I N
E
R
P KW
Y
G
L
A
D
D
I
N
G
R
D

V E N T U R E D R

M O O R E R D

W I S E R D
W
I
L
D
C
A
T
B
L V
D

F I D D Y M E N T R D

V I R G I N I A T O W N R D
S
I
E
R
R
A
C
O
L
L
E
G
E
B
L
V
D

A T H E N S A V E
P A
R
K
D
R

S H E R I D A N

L I N C O L N

B L V D

S D O W D R D

N D O W D R D

E C A T L E T T R D

L I N C O
L
N
B
L
V
D
Conspiracy
Point Tank
3 MG Tank Verdera
Tank #3
V5 Tank #1
V5 Tank #2
Notes:

1. Velocities in the distribution system are
less than 7 feet per second.

Minimum System Pressure
Less than 40 psi
40 - 60 psi
60 - 80 psi
80 - 100 psi
Greater than 100 psi
System Facilites
2!!
Placer County Water
Agency Metering Station
") Groundwater Well
[PS ±
Pump Station
XW
Pressure Regulating
Station
TU Storage Tank
Distribution Pipeline
(<18-inch)
Transmission Pipeline
(≥18-inch)
Boundaries
375 Zone
375 Zone West
450 Zone
475 Zone
575 Zone
610 Zone
650 Zone
750 Zone
775 Zone
Existing City Limit
City Sphere of Influence
Figure 8-9
Minimum Pressure at
Maximum Day Demand
15-Year Water System
0 3,750 7,500
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig8-9_MDD_15YR: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch8_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 1/7/2026 274
TU
TU
TU TU
TU
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW

XWXW XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
")
")
")
") ")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
[PS ±
[PS ±
[2P!!S ±
2!!
¬«65
¬«193

N I C O L A U S R D
D E L
W
E
B
B
B
L
V
D
E
J
O
I
N E R
P
K
W
Y

T W E L V
E
B
R
I
D
G
E
S
D R

N E L S O N L N
M
C
C
O
U
R
T
N
E
Y
R
D

J O I N
E
R
P KW
Y
G
L
A
D
D
I
N
G
R
D

V E N T U R E D R

M O O R E R D

W I S E R D
W
I
L
D
C
A
T
B
L V
D

F I D D Y M E N T R D

V I R G I N I A T O W N R D
S
I
E
R
R
A
C
O
L
L
E
G
E
B
L
V
D

A T H E N S A V E
P A
R
K
D
R

S H E R I D A N

L I N C O L N

B L V D

S D O W D R D

N D O W D R D

E C A T L E T T R D

L I N C O
L
N
B
L
V
D
Conspiracy
Point Tank
3 MG Tank Verdera
Tank #3
V5 Tank #1
V5 Tank #2
Notes:

1. Velocities in the distribution system are
less than 7 feet per second.

Minimum System Pressure
Less than 40 psi
40 - 60 psi
60 - 80 psi
80 - 100 psi
Greater than 100 psi
System Facilites
2!!
Placer County Water
Agency Metering Station
") Groundwater Well
[PS ±
Pump Station
XW
Pressure Regulating
Station
TU Storage Tank
Distribution Pipeline
(<18-inch)
Transmission Pipeline
(≥18-inch)
Boundaries
375 Zone
375 Zone West
450 Zone
475 Zone
575 Zone
610 Zone
650 Zone
750 Zone
775 Zone
Existing City Limit
City Sphere of Influence
Figure 8-10
Minimum Pressure at
Maximum Day Demand
20-Year Water System
0 3,750 7,500
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig8-10_MDD_20YR: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch8_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 1/7/2026 275
TU
TU
TU TU
TU
TU
TU
TU
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW

XWXW XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
")
")
")
") ")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
[PS ±
[PS ±
[2P!!S ±
2!!
¬«65
¬«193

N I C O L A U S R D
D E L
W
E
B
B
B
L
V
D
E
J
O
I
N E R
P
K
W
Y

T W E L V
E
B
R
I
D
G
E
S
D R

N E L S O N L N
M
C
C
O
U
R
T
N
E
Y
R
D

J O I N
E
R
P KW
Y
G
L
A
D
D I N
G
R D

V E N T U R E D R

M O O R E R D

W I S E R D
W
I
L
D
C
A
T
B
L V
D

F I D D Y M E N T R D

V I R G I N I A T O W N R D
S
I
E
R
R
A
C
O
L
L
E
G
E
B
L
V
D

A T H E N S A V E
P A
R
K
D
R
S
H
E
R I D
A
N

L I N C O L N

B L V D

S D O W D R D

N D O W D R D

E C A T L E T T R D

L I N C O
L
N
B
L
V
D
Conspiracy
Point Tank
3 MG Tank
Verdera
Tank #3
V5 Tank #1
Airport
Tank
V5 Tank #2
V2 Tank
Notes:

1. Velocities in the most of the system
are less than 7 feet per second.

Minimum System Pressure
Less than 40 psi
40 - 60 psi
60 - 80 psi
80 - 100 psi
Greater than 100 psi
System Facilites
2!!
Placer County Water
Agency Metering Station
") Groundwater Well
[PS ±
Catta Verdera Pump
Station
XW
Pressure Regulating
Station
TU Storage Tank
Distribution Pipeline
(<18-inch)
Transmission Pipeline
(≥18-inch)
Boundaries
375 Zone
375 Zone West
450 Zone
475 Zone
575 Zone
610 Zone
650 Zone
750 Zone
775 Zone
Existing City Limit
City Sphere of Influence
Figure 8-11
Minimum Pressure at
Maximum Day Demand
Buildout Water System
0 3,750 7,500
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig8-11_MDD_BO: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch8_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 1/7/2026 276
TU
TU
TU TU
TU
TU
TU
TU
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW

XWXW XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
")
")
")
") ")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
[PS ±
[PS ±
[2P!!S ±
2!!
¬«65
¬«193

N I C O L A U S R D

D E L W E B B B L V D E A S T A V E
E
J
O I N
E
R
P
K
W
Y

T W E L V E B R I D
G
E
S
D
R

N E L S O N L N
W
H I T
N
E
Y
O
A
K S
D
R
M
C
C
O
U
R
T
N
E
Y
R
D
J
O I N
E
R

P K W Y
G
L
A
D
D
I
N
G
R
D

V E N T U R E D R

M O O R E R D

W I S E R D
W
I
L
D
C
A
T
B
L V
D

F I D D Y M E N T R D

V I R G I N I A T O W N R D
S
I
E
R
R
A
C
O
L
L
E
G
E
B
L
V
D

A T H E N S A V E
P A
R
K
D
R

S H E R I D A N

L I N C O L N

B L V D

S D O W D R D N D O W D R D

E C A T L E T T R D
L
I
N
C
O
L
N
B
L
V
D
Conspiracy
Point Tank
3 MG
Tank
Verdera
Tank #3
V5 Tank #1
Airport Tank
V5 Tank #2
V2 Tank
Notes:

1. Maximum velocities exceeding the
velocity criterion range from 7 to 8
feet per second.

Maximum Velocity
Less than or equal to 7
fps
Greater than 7 fps
System Facilites
2!!
Placer County Water
Agency Metering Station
") Groundwater Well
[PS ±
Pump Station
XW
Pressure Regulating
Station
TU Storage Tank
Boundaries
375 Zone
375 Zone West
450 Zone
475 Zone
575 Zone
610 Zone
650 Zone
750 Zone
775 Zone
Existing City Limit
City Sphere of Influence
Figure 8-12
Maximum Velocities at
Maximum Day Demand
Buildout Water System
0 3,750 7,500
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig8-12_VEL_BO: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch8_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 1/7/2026 277
TU
TU
TU TU
XW
XW
XW

XWXW XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
")
")
")
") ")
")
")
[PS ±
[PS ±
[2P!!S ±
2!!
¬«65
¬«193

N I C O L A U S R D
D E L
W
E
B
B
B
L
V
D

E A S T A V E
E
J
O
I
N E R
P
K
W
Y

T W E L V E
B
R
I
D
G
E
S
D R

N E L S O N L N
M
C
C
O
U
R
T
N
E
Y
R
D

J O I N
E
R
P KW
Y
G
L
A
D
D
I
N
G
R
D

V E N T U R E D R

M O O R E R D

W I S E R D
W
I
L
D
C
A
T
B
L V
D

F I D D Y M E N T R D

V I R G I N I A T O W N R D
S
I
E
R
R
A
C
O
L
L
E
G
E
B
L
V
D

A T H E N S A V E
P A
R
K
D
R

S H E R I D A N

L I N C O L N

B L V D

S D O W D R D N D O W D R D

E C A T L E T T R D

L I N C O
L
N
B
L
V
D
Conspiracy
Point Tank
3 MG
Tank
Verdera
Tank #3
V5 Tank #1
Notes:

1. The available flow at each junction is
the maximum flow available while
maintaining 20 psi residual system
pressure and a maximum velocity
of 10 fps in future pipelines.

2. Available fire flow is what is available in
the distribution system, and does not
take into account losses through
hydrant assemblies and laterals.

3. Tested locations that do not meet
recommended fire flow criteria are
areas with larger fire flow requirements
and/or located at small diameter
dead-end pipelines.

Percent of Available Fire Flow
≥ 100% of Criteria
75 - 100% of Criteria
50 - 75% of Criteria
< 50% of Criteria
System Facilites
2!!
Placer County Water
Agency Metering Station
") Groundwater Well
[PS ±
Pump Station
XW
Pressure Regulating
Station
TU Storage Tank
Distribution Pipeline
(<18-inch)
Transmission Pipeline
(≥18-inch)
Boundaries
375 Zone
375 Zone West
450 Zone
475 Zone
575 Zone
610 Zone
650 Zone
750 Zone
775 Zone
Existing City Limit
City Sphere of Influence
Figure 8-13
Percent of Fire Flow
Requirement Available
5-Year Water System
0 3,750 7,500
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig8-13_FF_5YR: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch8_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 1/7/2026 278
TU
TU
TU TU
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW

XWXW XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
")
")
")
") ")
")
")
")
")
[PS ±
[PS ±
[2P!!S ±
2!!
¬«65
¬«193

N I C O L A U S R D
D E L
W
E
B
B
B
L
V
D

E A S T A V E
E
J
O
I
N E R
P
K
W
Y

T W E L V E
B
R
I
D
G
E
S
D R

N E L S O N L N
M
C
C
O
U
R
T
N
E
Y
R
D

J O I N
E
R
P KW
Y
G
L
A
D
D
I
N
G
R
D

V E N T U R E D R

M O O R E R D

W I S E R D
W
I
L
D
C
A
T
B
L V
D

F I D D Y M E N T R D

V I R G I N I A T O W N R D
S
I
E
R
R
A
C
O
L
L
E
G
E
B
L
V
D

A T H E N S A V E
P A
R
K
D
R

S H E R I D A N

L I N C O L N

B L V D

S D O W D R D N D O W D R D

E C A T L E T T R D

L I N C O
L
N
B
L
V
D
Conspiracy
Point Tank
3 MG Tank
Verdera
Tank #3
V5 Tank #1
Percent of Available Fire Flow
≥ 100% of Criteria
75 - 100% of Criteria
50 - 75% of Criteria
< 50% of Criteria
System Facilites
2!!
Placer County Water
Agency Metering Station
") Groundwater Well
[PS ±
Pump Station
XW
Pressure Regulating
Station
TU Storage Tank
Distribution Pipeline
(<18-inch)
Transmission Pipeline
(≥18-inch)
Boundaries
375 Zone
375 Zone West
450 Zone
475 Zone
575 Zone
610 Zone
650 Zone
750 Zone
775 Zone
Existing City Limit
City Sphere of Influence
Figure 8-14
Percent of Fire Flow
Requirement Available
10-Year Water System
0 3,750 7,500
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig8-14_FF_10YR: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch8_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 1/7/2026 Notes:

1. The available flow at each junction is
the maximum flow available while
maintaining 20 psi residual system
pressure and a maximum velocity
of 10 fps in future pipelines.

2. Available fire flow is what is available in
the distribution system, and does not
take into account losses through
hydrant assemblies and laterals.

3. Tested locations that do not meet
recommended fire flow criteria are
areas with larger fire flow requirements
and/or located at small diameter
dead-end pipelines.
279
TU
TU
TU TU
TU
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW

XWXW XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
")
")
")
") ")
")
")
")
")
")
")
[PS ±
[PS ±
[2P!!S ±
2!!
¬«65
¬«193

N I C O L A U S R D
D E L
W
E
B
B
B
L
V
D

E A S T A V E
E
J
O
I
N E R
P
K
W
Y

T W E L V E
B
R
I
D
G
E
S
D R

N E L S O N L N
M
C
C
O
U
R
T
N
E
Y
R
D

J O I N
E
R
P KW
Y
G
L
A
D
D
I
N
G
R
D

V E N T U R E D R

M O O R E R D

W I S E R D
W
I
L
D
C
A
T
B
L V
D

F I D D Y M E N T R D

V I R G I N I A T O W N R D
S
I
E
R
R
A
C
O
L
L
E
G
E
B
L
V
D

A T H E N S A V E
P A
R
K
D
R

S H E R I D A N

L I N C O L N

B L V D

S D O W D R D

N D O W D R D

E C A T L E T T R D

L I N C O
L
N
B
L
V
D
Conspiracy
Point Tank
3 MG Tank
Verdera
Tank #3
V5 Tank #1
V5 Tank #2
Percent of Available Fire Flow
≥ 100% of Criteria
75 - 100% of Criteria
50 - 75% of Criteria
< 50% of Criteria
System Facilites
2!!
Placer County Water
Agency Metering Station
") Groundwater Well
[PS ±
Pump Station
XW
Pressure Regulating
Station
TU Storage Tank
Distribution Pipeline
(<18-inch)
Transmission Pipeline
(≥18-inch)
Boundaries
375 Zone
375 Zone West
450 Zone
475 Zone
575 Zone
610 Zone
650 Zone
750 Zone
775 Zone
Existing City Limit
City Sphere of Influence
Figure 8-15
Percent of Fire Flow
Requirement Available
15-Year Water System
0 3,750 7,500
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig8-15_FF_15YR: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch8_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 1/7/2026 Notes:

1. The available flow at each junction is
the maximum flow available while
maintaining 20 psi residual system
pressure and a maximum velocity
of 10 fps in future pipelines.

2. Available fire flow is what is available in
the distribution system, and does not
take into account losses through
hydrant assemblies and laterals.

3. Tested locations that do not meet
recommended fire flow criteria are
areas with larger fire flow requirements
and/or located at small diameter
dead-end pipelines.
280
TU
TU
TU TU
TU
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
XW

XWXW XW
XW
XW
XW
XW
")
")
")
") ")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
[PS ±
[PS ±
[2P!!S ±
2!!
¬«65
¬«193

N I C O L A U S R D
D E L
W
E
B
B
B
L
V
D

E A S T A V E
E
J
O
I
N E R
P
K
W
Y

T W E L V E
B
R
I
D
G
E
S
D R

N E L S O N L N
M
C
C
O
U
R
T
N
E
Y
R
D

J O I N
E
R
P KW
Y
G
L
A
D
D
I
N
G
R
D

V E N T U R E D R

M O O R E R D

W I S E R D
W
I
L
D
C
A
T
B
L V
D

F I D D Y M E N T R D

V I R G I N I A T O W N R D
S
I
E
R
R
A
C
O
L
L
E
G
E
B
L
V
D

A T H E N S A V E
P A
R
K
D
R

S H E R I D A N

L I N C O L N

B L V D

S D O W D R D

N D O W D R D

E C A T L E T T R D

L I N C O
L
N
B
L
V
D
Conspiracy
Point Tank
3 MG Tank
Verdera
Tank #3
V5 Tank #1
V5 Tank #2
Percent of Available Fire Flow
≥ 100% of Criteria
75 - 100% of Criteria
50 - 75% of Criteria
< 50% of Criteria
System Facilites
2!!
Placer County Water
Agency Metering Station
") Groundwater Well
[PS ±
Pump Station
XW
Pressure Regulating
Station
TU Storage Tank
Distribution Pipeline
(<18-inch)
Transmission Pipeline
(≥18-inch)
Boundaries
375 Zone
375 Zone West
450 Zone
475 Zone
575 Zone
610 Zone
650 Zone
750 Zone
775 Zone
Existing City Limit
City Sphere of Influence
Figure 8-16
Percent of Fire Flow
Requirement Available
20-Year Water System
0 3,750 7,500
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1. The available flow at each junction is
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2. Available fire flow is what is available in
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take into account losses through
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3. Tested locations that do not meet
recommended fire flow criteria are
areas with larger fire flow requirements
and/or located at small diameter
dead-end pipelines.
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Existing City Limit
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Figure 8-17
Percent of Fire Flow
Requirement Available
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0 3,750 7,500
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Fig8-17_FF_BO: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch8_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 1/7/2026 Notes:

1. The available flow at each junction is
the maximum flow available while
maintaining 20 psi residual system
pressure and a maximum velocity
of 10 fps in future pipelines.

2. Available fire flow is what is available in
the distribution system, and does not
take into account losses through
hydrant assemblies and laterals.

3. Tested locations that do not meet
recommended fire flow criteria are
areas with larger fire flow requirements
and/or located at small diameter
dead-end pipelines.
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8.5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FUTURE WATER SYSTEM
Table 8-20 provides a summary of findings and recommended improvements identified by evaluating the 5-Year, 10-Year, 15-Year, 20-Year, and Buildout water systems and is organized by improvement type and phase. These recommendations are used to develop a recommended CIP, which is further described in Chapter 10. Figure 8-1 presents the recommended improvements for the five phases.

8.6 OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS
In addition to the improvements identified in the capacity and performance evaluations, other recommendations were identified through discussions with City staff. These projects are included to improve system and/or water supply reliability and are summarized below. • Water Supply Options Study. A comprehensive water supply study is recommended to investigate feasible water supply sources for Buildout. This study will also explore the feasibility of obtaining additional PCWA and NID water supply. Potential PCWA options to consider include, but are not limited to, new PCWA water supply sources in west Placer County, such as the RiverArc Project, potential expansion and/or modification to metering stations, and the establishment of new agreements to access additional supply. The outcome of the study will be used as a framework for Project proponents to provide supply solutions to meet the increase in water demands for their developments. The supply solutions should be included in the development approval process with the City. • Groundwater Recharge Study. A groundwater recharge study is recommended to perform field investigation and testing on the sites identified in the 2023 groundwater recharge site feasibility study completed by WPGSA. This study will also further evaluate whether implementation of recharge is viable in the City.
• ASR Wells Study. An ASR well study is recommended to investigate the feasibility of implementing ASR capabilities in future wells.
• Recycled Water Feasibility Study. The City should update the 2019 Reclamation Master Plan and continue to work with developers and Lincoln-Sewer Maintenance District 1 Wastewater Authority (LiSWA) to maximize the future use of recycled water. 283
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Table 8-20. Summary of Recommended Future System Improvements Improvement Type 5-Year 10-Year 15-year 20-Year Buildout Supply • Construct two new ASR wells with
backup power to improve supply
reliability.
• Construct additional two new ASR wells
with backup power to improve supply
reliability.
• Construct additional two new ASR wells
with backup power to improve supply
reliability.
• Construct an additional new ASR well
with backup power to improve supply
reliability.
• Construct additional 13 new ASR wells
with backup power to improve supply
reliability.

Total (Previous and Current Phases):
• 2 ASR wells
Total (Previous and Current Phases):
• 4 ASR wells
Total (Previous and Current Phases):
• 6 ASR wells
Total (Previous and Current Phases):
• 7 ASR wells
Total (Previous and Current Phases):
• 20 ASR wells
• Alternative water supplies will be explored and/or advanced to offset the need for additional groundwater capacity. Refer to Chapter 4 for additional detail.

Storage and Pumping • Construct a 2 MG storage tank and pump station in Village 5 to mitigate the
storage deficit in the 375 Zone.
• None • Construct an additional 2 MG storage
tank and pump station in Village 5 to
mitigate the storage deficit in the
375 Zone.
• None • Construct a 5 MG storage tank and
pump station in Village 2 to mitigate the
storage deficit in the 375 Zone.
• Construct a 3 MG storage tank and
pump station in the Airport Area to
mitigate the storage deficit in the
375 Zone.

Total (Previous and Current Phases):
• 1 new storage tank
• 1 new associated pump station
Total (Previous and Current Phases):
• 1 new storage tank
• 1 new associated pump station
Total (Previous and Current Phases):
• 2 new storage tanks
• 2 new pump stations
Total (Previous and Current Phases):
• 2 new storage tanks
• 2 new pump stations
Total (Previous and Current Phases):
• 4 new storage tanks
• 4 new pump stations
Pressure Reducing Station • None • Construct four new pressure reducing stations for the proposed 450 Zone.
• None
Pipelines • Construct new transmission pipelines to support future development areas. • City should continue to rehabilitate and replace older and undersized (i.e., smaller than 8-inch diameter) pipelines, with the R&R previously discussed in Chapter 7 and described in detail in Chapter 9. 284
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January 2026
CHAPTER 9
Rehabilitation and Replacement Program
Previous chapters of this WMPU have focused on the hydraulic capacity of the water system and evaluation of the ability to meet demands under existing and projected future conditions. This chapter presents the desktop study performed to assess the condition of water pipelines and the recommended pipeline R&R program. The results of a visual condition assessment of major water system facilities are also presented. Recommendations from the pipeline and major facilities assessments will be incorporated into the overall capital improvement program.

Major sections in this chapter include:
• Existing Pipeline R&R Approach
• Pipeline Asset Registry
• Pipeline Remaining Useful Life Assessment
• 10-Year Pipeline R&R Projections
• Condition Assessment of Major Facilities
• Next Steps

9.1 EXISTING PIPELINE REHABILITATION AND REPLACEMENT APPROACH The City currently develops a pipeline replacement list every year which focuses on older pipelines and areas that have frequent leaks, breaks and/or maintenance calls. The water department meets with operations staff to identify the highest need pipelines and they are grouped into replacements for the following two fiscal years(FY). All appurtenances (valves, hydrants, sampling stations, etc.) are replaced when the adjacent pipeline is replaced. The City develops a GIS-based plan which identifies replacements through the next five to seven FY. At the time of the development of the recommended R&R program discussed in Section 9.4, the City’s most recent Water CIP Replacement Plan was dated May 2024 and shown in Figure 9-1.

It should be noted that the City continuously updates its Water CIP Replacement Plan and versions more recent than the May 2024 plan are not included in this WMPU, as they were not used for the development of the recommended R&R program. The City’s most recent publicly available CIP information, including a CIP Tracker report and a ArcGIS-based Active CIP web map public information on CIP including items like a CIP tracker report and ArcGIS CIP web-based map, can be accessed on the City’s website at:
https://www.lincolnca.gov/our-government/capital-improvement-projects/.

For the past few years, the quantity of pipelines to be replaced has largely been dictated based on available budget, which has been between $1.2M and $3M per year. The City’s 2023 Water and Wastewater Rate Study (Raftelis) proposes a capital improvement plan which anticipates replacement of up to 1 mile per year of pipeline starting in FY 2026 and increasing up to 2 miles per year of pipeline by FY 2029, which is based on pipelines that have exceeded their service life. 285
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January 2026
Figure 9-1. Water CIP Replacement Plan (May 2024)

9.2 PIPELINE ASSET REGISTRY
The City provided a GIS database that was used to create an inventory of existing pipelines within the City’s potable water system (asset register). The asset register consists of 11,611 pipeline segments and associated asset data (e.g., pipeline age, size, material, etc.). Table 9-1 presents a summary of the City’s water pipelines by diameter. Table 9-2 presents a summary of the City’s water pipelines by material. In Chapter 2, Table 2-8 and Figure 2-4 present the water pipelines by decade of installation. The majority of pipelines (56-percent) were installed in the 2000s, with only five percent installed in the 1970s or earlier. 286
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January 2026
Table 9-1. Existing Pipeline Summary, by Diameter(a)
Pipeline Diameter,
inches
Length of Pipeline,
miles
Percent in
Water System by Length
Count of
Pipeline Segments
1-3 0.7 0.2 58
4 3.0 1.1 178
6 22.1 8.0 1,060
8 129.6 47.2 5,623
10 3.6 1.3 180
12 77.0 28.0 3,625
14 1.8 0.6 64
16 8.4 3.1 180
18 14.5 5.3 362
20 1.0 0.4 3
24 8.9 3.2 209
30 1.9 0.7 37
36 1.1 0.4 27
42 1.2 0.4 1
Unknown 0.01 <0.01 4
Total 274.6 100% 11,611
Source: City’s water system GIS database provided in April 2024. (a) Only pipelines managed by the City are included.

The majority of the City’s water system pipelines, approximately 77 percent, have diameters between 8 inches and 12 inches.

Table 9-2. Existing Pipeline Summary, by Material(a)
Pipeline Material
Length of Pipeline Percent in Water
feet miles System, percent
Asbestos Cement 77,960 14.7 5.4
Cast Iron 14,030 2.7 1.0
Copper 30 < 1.0 < 0.1
Ductile Iron 159,420 30.2 11.0
High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) 90 < 1.0 < 0.1
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 1,183,130 224.1 81.6
Steel 12,220 2.3 0.8
Unknown 3,170 0.6 0.2
Total 1,450,050 274.6 100%
Source: City’s water system GIS database provided in April 2024. (a) Only pipelines managed by the City are included.
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January 2026
The majority of the City’s water system pipelines, approximately 82 percent, are PVC.

As described in the following sections, the asset register was used to develop remaining useful life (RUL) estimates and develop a proposed pipeline rehabilitation and repair schedule.

9.3 PIPELINE REMAINING USEFUL LIFE ASSESSMENT
Asset useful life (UL) is the time that an asset provides valued service, after which it does not meet its intended service level. End of life is not necessarily indicative of catastrophic failure, and in most cases an asset can still hold functionality when it has reached the end of its useful life. Asset RUL can be estimated by comparing the actual age of assets to its useful life. In the absence of condition or performance data, this approach provides an initial determination of assumed condition and can be used to project estimated renewal needs. If available in the future, asset condition or performance data can be used to support or supersede RUL estimates.

The following section presents the method used to estimate RUL of City pipelines.

9.3.1 Remaining Useful Life
Each pipeline’s RUL was estimated by subtracting the estimated useful life (UL) from its age (how long the asset has been installed):

RUL = UL – age
For example, an asset with a 50-year useful life that has been in service 35 years would have a RUL of 15 years.

9.3.1.1 Useful Life Expectancies
Municipal utility system assets vary by type, manufacturer, design, construction, and quality. They have different characteristics in how they operate and, consequently, will have different profiles of how they perform and ultimately fail. Standard UL expectancies are documented by the American Water Works Association, Water Environment Research Foundation, in addition to other industry associations. UL expectancies were developed for the City’s pipelines using these industry standards.

Each pipe material and diameter within the City’s water system was assigned a useful life. Considerations were made to account for variable environmental conditions. Based on discussions with City staff, the City has experienced brittle AC pipe of all diameters (in clay soils with high shrink-swell potential, asbestos cement pipes are prone to breaks due to the brittle nature of the material). The City has not experienced corrosive soils within the service area, which can impact the useful life of metallic pipelines. The standard useful life expectancies are presented in Table 9-3. Once each pipeline was assigned a standard useful life, the RUL of each of the City’s water pipelines was calculated. 288
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Table 9-3. Standard Useful Life of Buried Pipelines, by Material Material Useful Life, years
Asbestos Cement(a) 50
Cast Iron 90
Copper 50
Ductile Iron 95
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) 80
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 80
Steel 75
Unknown 50
(a) Asbestos cement pipe typically has a useful life of 65-100 years. When exposed to clay soils with high shrink-swell potential, asbestos cement pipes are prone to breaks due to the brittle nature of the material.

9.3.1.2 RUL Classification
Based on the pipeline estimated RUL, each pipeline was assigned an assumed condition from Like New to Poor, as presented in Table 9-4. Newer assets with 50 percent or more of their useful life remaining are expected to be in Good to Like New condition. Older assets with less than 50 percent of their useful life remaining are expected to be in fair to poor condition.

Table 9-4. RUL to Condition Translation
Percent RUL Assumed Condition
100 to 80% Like New
79 to 50% Good
49 to 20% Fair
19% to >0% Poor
Table 9-5 summarizes the assumed condition of pipelines based on each pipeline’s estimated RUL. Note that the Poor condition category was split between pipes with greater than zero percent RUL and less than or equal to zero RUL.
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January 2026
Table 9-5. Pipeline RUL-Based Condition Summary
Condition
Length of Pipelines Percent of System,
feet miles percent
Like New
(100% to 80% RUL) 301,820 57.2 21
Good
(79% to 50% RUL) 1,053,340 199.5 73
Fair
(49% to 20% RUL) 21,380 4.0 1
Poor
(greater than 0% to 19% RUL) 19,540 3.7 1.3
Beyond RUL
(0% RUL) 53,970 10.2 4
Total 1,450,050 274.6 100%
This information provides a snapshot view of the condition of the City’s potable water pipelines based on the estimated RUL and where future R&R may be required. Approximately 94-percent of the City’s pipelines are in Good to Like New condition. Approximately fourteen miles of pipeline, or about five percent of the water system, are expected to be in Poor condition. The last row in Table 9-5 shows the pipelines that are already beyond useful life (10.2 miles or four percent of pipelines).

Figure 9-2 presents the RUL-based condition of pipelines.

9.4 PIPELINE R&R PROJECTIONS
The purpose of this effort is to improve the City’s approach to pipeline R&R by identifying assets that are beyond their expected useful life, incorporate the City’s institutional knowledge of chronic issues, and combine those assets into a prioritized program that can be implemented strategically by the City over the next 10 years.

Once the RUL analysis was complete, West Yost held a workshop with City staff to discuss the initial replacement projections and receive feedback on any issues in the system such as areas/neighborhoods, certain pipeline materials, or certain pipeline sizes with chronic leak/breaks, or maintenance calls. Existing and proposed projects were also discussed for potential inclusion in the program such as replacement of lead goosenecks (largely completed through CIP Plan), backflow preventer installation/replacements (agreed to require more study and more appropriate in the Downtown Specific Plan), and replacement of specific pipelines for access improvement. Most of these projects were agreed to be included in other planning efforts, except for the realignment of 14-inch pipelines at 1st Street/D Street that currently runs under a house.
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Figure 9-2
0 3,000 6,000
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Prepared by: Prepared for:

Figure 9-2 Pipeline Condition: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch9_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 3/12/2025 Notes:

1. Facilities shown are based on GIS data
provided by the City in April 2024.

2. Pipeline condition is determined based on
the asset's age and expected useful life.

Expected useful life is estimated based on
pipeline material and industry standards.

Pipeline Condition
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9.4.1 10-Year Pipeline R&R Program
The City’s May 2024 Water CIP Replacement Plan1, the RUL estimates, and other projects identified by the City were used to develop a 10-year pipeline R&R program.

The City’s 2023 Water and Wastewater Rate Study specifies replacement of up to 1 mile of pipeline per year starting in FY 2026, increasing up to 2 miles per year by FY 2029. City Staff provided feedback to incrementally increase pipeline replacements per year, as follows: replacement of 1 mile per year though FY 2028, followed by 1.5 miles per year in FY 2029-2031, and 2 miles per year thereafter.

For each year of the plan, pipelines were included based on the following hierarchy:

1. Pipelines included in the City’s current Water CIP Replacement Plan, by FY

2. Pipelines identified to have less than or equal to zero RUL

3. Other pipelines identified by the City (e.g., 1st Street/D Street realignment of 14-inch pipeline under house), which were matched with adjacent replacements The 10-year pipeline R&R program is presented in Table 9-6 and Figure 9-3. The last two columns in Table 9-6 present the oldest pipeline remaining after replacements are performed for that year, and the count of pipelines beyond useful life after replacements are performed for that year. At Year 10 (2034), the program will “catch up” with overdue replacements and all pipelines beyond their useful life will have been replaced.

At that point, is expected that unplanned and emergency pipeline repairs and replacements will decrease because the oldest and poorest condition pipelines will no longer be in the system.

Details on the 10-Year R&R program including pipelines by year are included in Appendix F. 1 As discussed in Section 9.1, at the time of the development of the 10-year pipeline R&R program, the City’s most current Water CUP Replacement Plan was dated May 2024.
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January 2026
Table 9-6. 10-Year Pipeline R&R Program
Year
Length of
Pipelines, miles
Unit Cost for
Pipeline
Replacement(a)
Capital Cost
Estimate,
dollars(b)
Remaining
Oldest Pipe
after
Replacements
Count of Pipes
Beyond UL after
Replacements
Year 1 (2025) 1
$475 / linear
foot
2,528,160 1929 430
Year 2 (2026) 1 2,607,757 1929 376
Year 3 (2027) 1 2,766,406 1929 323
Year 4 (2028) 1 2,792,331 1945 304
Year 5 (2029) 1.5 4,268,664 1945 269
Year 6 (2030) 1.5 4,367,729 1945 199
Year 7 (2031) 1.5 4,369,866 1960 131
Year 8 (2032) 2 6,121,991 1971 84
Year 9 (2033) 2 6,389,702 1971 23
Year 10 (2034) 2 6,522,755 1971 0
(a) Unit construction cost estimate is based on 8-inch diameter pipeline built in developed area. (b) 3% inflation rate applied for years subsequent to 2025.

9.4.2 Future Pipeline Replacements
After Year 10 of the R&R program, there are several years where no pipelines reach the end of their useful life. Because the majority of the City’s system was installed in the 1990s and 2000s, it is expected these assets will create a “replacement wave” where a significant number of assets reach the end of their useful lives around the same time, requiring simultaneous replacement or upgrades. To understand the longer-term outlook on pipeline replacements, the RUL projections were extended an additional 70-years beyond the 10-Year program (to year 2104). Table 9-7 presents the pipeline replacement projections based on RUL for 10-year increments, ending in year 2104.

Table 9-7. Long-Term Pipeline R&R Projections
Year Length of Pipelines, feet
Length of Pipelines,
miles
Percent of System,
percent
Year 11-20 (2035-2044) 13,274 2.5 2.5
Year 21-30 (2045-2054) 4,120 0.8 0.3
Year 31-40 (2055-2064) 16,710 3.2 1.2
Year 41-50 (2065-2074) 63,010 11.9 4.3
Year 51-60 (2075-2084) 686,760 130.1 47
Year 61-70 (2085-2094) 241,670 45.8 17
Year 71-80 (2095-2104) 322,790 61.1 22
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Pipeline Replacement Year
2025 - 2026
2027 - 2028
2029 - 2030
2031 - 2032
2033 - 2034
Beyond 2034
Boundary
City Limit
Figure 9-3
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Figure 9-3 Pipeline Replacement Projections_ShortTerm: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch9_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 3/12/2025 Notes:

1. Infrastructure shown are based on GIS data
provided by the City in April 2024.

2. Projection of pipeline replacement is
determined based on City CIP plans
and the asset's age and expected useful life.

Expected useful life is estimated based on
pipeline material and industry standards.

3. Several standalone segments are located
throughout the city and fall outside the figure
boundaries, they are included in appendices.

Pipeline Replacement
Projections - 10-Year CIP
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As shown in Table 9-7, there are a small number of expected replacements (less than four percent of the system) until Years 51-60, when 47 percent of the system is expected to require replacement. The following decades also have significant replacements expected (17 percent and 22 percent, respectively).

To proactively plan for the wave of replacements, it is recommended the City:

1. Implement a Staggered Replacement Strategy
• Spread replacements over time by prioritizing segments based on condition, risk, location, or strategic importance, instead of waiting for mass end-of-life events. • To support the replacement prioritization, consider conducting a condition assessment to identify pipelines that may require early replacement due to wear or operational conditions, which can help to out the replacement timeline. • Considering the challenges and costs associated with assessing the condition of water mains, the City should adopt a cost-benefit-driven approach to prioritize assessments strategically – this could include risk-based prioritization, a representative sampling-based approach, or other strategies.

2. Establish a Long-Term Capital Reserve Fund
• The dedicated fund should be similar to what was developed as part of the 2023 Water and Wastewater Rate Study and should serve long-term needs.

3. Continue and Enhance the Collaborative Approach
• The City currently utilizes a collaborate approach to develop the replacement plan.

Continue this approach and support decisions with data (maintenance records, condition assessment, work order history, the program presented here). • Coordinate with other City departments (sewer, roads) to align replacement schedules and reduce costs.

9.5 BASIC CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF MAJOR FACILITIES
As discussed in Chapter 2, the City’s major water system facilities include: three storage tanks, five groundwater wells, one booster pump station, and multiple pressure reducing stations.

On May 23, 2024, West Yost conducted a basic condition assessment of the City’s major facilities to evaluate the condition, performance, and efficiency of each facility. Table 9-8 summarizes the condition of the evaluated facilities and any associated comments and/or recommendations. Generally, all evaluated facilities were in good condition with no major issues. West Yost recommends installing an exterior ladder with a safety cage on the Verdera Tank No. 3.

9.6 NEXT STEPS
Recommendations from the pipeline program and major facilities assessments will be incorporated into the overall capital improvement program.
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Table 9-8. Summary of Basic Condition Assessment of Major Facilities Name General Condition Comments
Storage Tanks
Conspiracy Point Tank Good
• There is an unknown PRV vault on site, City is uncertain if this is a PCWA vault.
• No standby power.
3 MG Tank Good • No issues.

Verdera Tank #3 Good
• New PRV is currently under construction.
• Tank needs an exterior ladder with a safety cage. There is currently no access to the top of tank due to the lack of an exterior ladder.
• No standby power.

Groundwater Wells
Well 2 Good
• Currently, Well 2 is only operated periodically (pumped to waste) each month due to PFAS being detected in
the well water. However, the PFAS level is not above
the MCL.
• The City uses Well 2 only as necessary during times of high demand.
• At the time of the site visit (May 23,2024), the
generator was unable to start in “Auto” mode due to
issues with the automatic transfer switch and the only
way to operate the generator was to start it in
“Manual” mode when there was no PG&E power
available onsite.
• As of July 11, 2024, the generator was repaired and is fully functional.

Well 6 – Westwood Good • No issues.

Well 7 – Moore Rd Good • No standby power but has a connection for a portable generator.

Well 8 – Fiddyment Good • No issues.

Well 9 – Nelson Good • No standby power but has a connection for a portable generator.

Catta Verdera BPS
Overall Good
• BPS is only needed if the PCWA line is out of service. • City staff keeps the BPS operational by operating it
weekly, however, this requires a lot of time and cost.

Pump 1 Good • Frequent check valve replacement when the pump station is operational.

Pump 2 Good • Frequent check valve replacement when the pump station is operational.

Pump 3 Good
• No VFD.
• Frequent check valve replacement when the pump
station is operational.

Pump 4 Good • No VFD.
• Pump has not been run in more than five years.
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Table 9-8. Summary of Basic Condition Assessment of Major Facilities Name General Condition Comments
Pressure Reducing Stations (PRS)
Twelve Bridges PRS Good
• 4-inch and 12-inch ClaVals were recently rebuilt.
• Piping has minor coating issues.
• No standby power.
• There are traffic speeding issues at the PRS site,
which causes an employee safety issue when working
on the PRS.
• No site lighting
Eastridge PRS Good • No standby power.
• No site lighting.

Village 13 PRS Good • No standby power.

Village 19 PRS Good
• No site power, SCADA, or standby power.
• No alarms.
• No site lighting.
• No PG&E.
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10-1 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
January 2026
CHAPTER 10
Capital Improvement Program
This chapter presents the recommended Capital Improvement Program (CIP) for the City’s existing and future (5-Year, 10-Year, 15-Year, 20-Year, and Buildout) water system, based on the evaluations described in Chapters 7 and 8 and the recommended R&R program described in Chapter 9. This chapter provides a summary of the recommended improvement projects, along with estimates of probable construction and capital costs for each proposed Project.

It should be noted that the recommended CIP only identifies improvements at a master plan level and does not necessarily include all required on-site infrastructure or provide design of improvements. Subsequent detailed design is required to determine the exact sizes and locations of these proposed improvements.

The following sections of this chapter summarize the cost estimating methodology and present the CIP of recommended upgrades to improve the existing system and support future demands:
• Cost Estimating Assumptions
• Recommended CIP
• Basis of Recommendations

10.1 COST ESTIMATING ASSUMPTIONS
Cost estimates prepared for this WMPU are in accordance with the guidelines of the Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering (AACE) International for a Class 5 Estimate. AACE International defines a Class 5 Estimate in the following manner:

Class 5 Estimate: This estimate is prepared based on limited information, where little more than proposed plant type, its location, and the capacity are known. Strategic planning purposes include, but are not limited to, market studies, assessment of viability, evaluation of alternate schemes, project screening, location and evaluation of resource needs and budgeting, and long-range capital planning. Examples of estimating methods used would include cost/capacity curves and factors, scale-up factors, and parametric and modeling techniques. Typically, little time is expended in the development of this estimate.

The expected accuracy ranges for this class estimate are -20 to -50 percent on the low side and +30 to +100 percent on the high side.

Construction and Capital Cost estimates are presented in August 2025 dollars based on an Engineering News Record Construction Cost Index (ENR CCI) of 20-cities average (13,913.52). Construction costs were developed based on a combination of data supplied from manufacturers, bids on other water facilities projects, construction costs previously estimated by West Yost, and from standard cost estimating guides.

Total CIP costs include contingencies equal to 49.5 percent of base construction costs, including construction contingency and other costs for engineering and implementation.

For this WMPU, it is assumed that recommended distribution system facilities will be developed in public rights-of-way or on public property; therefore, land acquisition costs have not been included. Construction cost estimates do not include costs for annual operations and maintenance. A complete description of the assumptions used in developing the estimates of probable construction cost is provided in Appendix G. 298
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10.2 RECOMMENDED CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM
This section summarizes the overall recommended CIP, which is based on the evaluations described in Chapters 7 and 8 and recommendations in Chapter 9. A high-level summary of the overall program is provided below, and subsequent sections provide more detail for each of the evaluated time frames.

Figure 10-1 shows overall recommendations for the City’s existing, 5-Year, 10-Year, 15-Year, 20-Year, and Buildout water system. Pipelines intended to serve future development areas and their associated costs are included for reference in the CIP; only pipelines that are 12-inch diameter or greater are included.

These pipelines, however, are recommended to be funded by Project proponents in the future, as part of connection fees, and alignments are expected to change as future development plans are refined.

10.2.1 Summary of Estimated Capital Costs
Table 10-1 summarizes the estimated total capital costs by time frame and responsible party for the costs (i.e., the City or future development). As shown in Table 10-1, the overall capital improvement costs are estimated to be approximately $539 million (M). Approximately 98 percent of the overall program ($529M), is recommended to be allocated to future development and paid for through connection fees, as the identified infrastructure is needed to support future demands. The top three contributors to the overall program costs are Villages 2 through 4 and SUD-A at approximately 45 percent ($240M), Village 5 at approximately 23 percent ($125M), and Village 6 and SUD-C at approximately 15 percent ($82M). The City is responsible for the remaining 2 percent ($10M) of overall program costs which is attributed to improving existing infrastructure and/or developing studies to improve water supply quality and/or reliability.

The improvement costs presented in Table 10-1 do not include improvements from the recommended R&R programs, which should be completed on an on-going basis and are not included in this WMPU. These programs and associated costs are summarized below and described in detail in Chapter 9. 299
Improvement Type Existing 5-Year 10-Year 15-Year 20-Year Buildout Total City
Storage and Pumping 7,073,000 0 0 0 0 0 7,073,000
Pipeline 113,000 1,884,000 0 0 0 0 1,997,000
Other Improvements 0 700,000 0 0 0 0 700,000
Subtotal 7,186,000 2,584,000 0 0 0 0 9,770,000
Lincoln 270
Pipeline 0 6,898,000 4,281,000 207,000 0 0 11,386,000
Subtotal 0 6,898,000 4,281,000 207,000 0 0 11,386,000
SUD-B
Pipeline 0 12,558,000 0 0 0 0 12,558,000
Subtotal 0 12,558,000 0 0 0 0 12,558,000
Village 1
Pressure Reducing Station 0 0 1,935,000 0 0 0 1,935,000 Pipeline 0 23,699,000 15,304,000 0 0 0 39,003,000
Subtotal 0 23,699,000 17,239,000 0 0 0 40,938,000
Village 5
Supply 0 8,615,000 8,615,000 8,615,000 4,308,000 0 30,153,000 Storage and Pumping 0 10,017,000 0 10,017,000 0 0 20,034,000 Pipeline 0 32,854,000 3,219,000 30,738,000 8,292,000 0 75,103,000 Subtotal 0 51,486,000 11,834,000 49,370,000 12,600,000 0 125,290,000 Village 7
Pipeline 0 3,119,000 2,535,000 10,805,000 0 0 16,459,000 Jack & Bore 0 0 0 128,000 0 0 128,000
Subtotal 0 3,119,000 2,535,000 10,933,000 0 0 16,587,000 Village 2, Village 3, Village 4, and SUD-A
Supply 0 0 0 0 0 43,073,000 43,073,000
Storage and Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 28,792,000 28,792,000
Pipeline 0 0 0 0 0 168,005,000 168,005,000
Jack & Bore 0 0 0 0 0 575,000 575,000
Subtotal 0 0 0 0 0 240,445,000 240,445,000
Village 6 and SUD-C
Supply 0 0 0 0 0 12,922,000 12,922,000
Storage and Pumping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pipeline 0 0 0 0 0 68,515,000 68,515,000
Jack & Bore 0 0 0 0 0 128,000 128,000
Subtotal 0 0 0 0 0 81,565,000 81,565,000
Total Costs $7,186,000 $100,344,000 $35,889,000 $60,510,000 $12,600,000 $322,010,000 $538,539,000 Table 10-1. Summary of Improvement Costs by Time Frame and Responsible Party, dollars(a) (a) Costs shown are based on August 2025 CCI of 20-cities average (13913.52). nN-C-206-60-24-56-E-CH10-CIP
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V5 Tank #1
Airport Tank
V5 Tank #2
V2 Tank Notes:

1. The 450 Zone will be active with the
10 Year Phase.

2. Future facilities and pipelines are
preliminary and will require further
study and refinement by Project
proponents as future developments
move forward.

3. Only pipelines 12-inch diameter or greater
are included in the CIP.

4. Future improvements serving future
developments are recommended to be
funded by Project proponents.

5. All future groundwater wells are assumed
to be equipped with aquifer storage and
recovery (ASR) capability.

Phase Color Legend
Existing (No
Improvement)
Existing (Improvement)
5 Year
10 Year
15 Year
20 Year
Buildout
System Facilities
") Groundwater Well
2!!
Placer County Water
Agency Metering Station
Backup Power
[PS ±
Pump Station
XW
Pressure Reducing
Station
TU Storage Tank
Pipeline
Future Development
Lincoln 270
Village 1
Villages 2-4 and SUD-A
Village 5
Village 7
SUD-B
Village 6 and SUD-C
Boundaries
New 450 Pressure Zone
Existing City Limit
City Sphere of Influence
Figure 10-1
Recommended Capital
Improvement Projects
0 3,750 7,500
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig10-1_CIP: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch10_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 12/30/2025 301
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January 2026

10.2.2 Recommended Existing System Improvements
Chapter 7 provided a summary of the evaluation of the City’s existing water system and its ability to meet recommended water system planning and design criteria described in Chapter 5. In general, the analysis recommended the following:
• Storage and Pumping:
— Address the existing storage deficit in the 375 Pressure Zone through installation of dedicated on-site backup power at the Nelson and Moore Wells to provide 1.76 MG of EGWC and improve system reliability.
— Address the existing storage deficit in the 750 Pressure Zone through construction of a new booster pump station with back-up power at the Verdera Tank No. 3 site with a minimum capacity of 2 mgd.
— Address the existing storage deficit in the 775 Pressure Zone through construction of a new booster pump station with back-up power at the Conspiracy Point Tank site with a minimum capacity of 4 mgd.
• Pipelines:
— Replace 8-inch diameter pipeline at intersection of 1st Street and Joiner Parkway with a new 16-inch diameter pipeline to mitigate velocity exceedance. — Replace 8-inch diameter pipeline at intersection of E Street and McBean Park Drive with a new 12-inch diameter pipeline to mitigate velocity exceedance. • Rehabilitation and Replacement:
— Enhance the City’s existing pipeline R&R program to accelerate the replacement of aging and undersized distribution pipelines on a proactive and programmatic basis before failure and require emergency repair and replacement. A recommended program is described in Chapter 9. Upsizing many of the smaller diameter pipelines would improve fire flow in the downtown area of the City.

No specific capital improvement projects besides the above listed capacity-related improvements were identified for the existing water system.

10.2.3 Recommended Future System Improvements
Chapter 8 provided a summary of the evaluation of the City’s water distribution system and its ability to support future (5-Year, 10-Year, 15-Year, 20-Year, and Buildout) demands while meeting recommended water system planning and design criteria described in Chapter 5. Table 10-2 summarizes recommended future system improvements resulting from the analysis.

Recommended improvements and the associated costs are presented in Table 10-3, and locations are shown on Figure 10-1. Improvements addressing existing and aging infrastructure are expected be allocated to existing water customers, and improvements triggered by increased demands associated with future development should be allocated to future development and paid through connection fees. 302
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Table 10-2. Summary of Recommended Future System Improvements Improvement Type 5-Year 10-Year 15-year 20-Year Buildout Supply • Construct two new ASR wells with
backup power to improve
supply reliability.
• Construct additional two new ASR wells
with backup power to improve
supply reliability.
• Construct additional two new ASR wells
with backup power to improve
supply reliability.
• Construct an additional new ASR well
with backup power to improve
supply reliability.
• Construct additional 13 new ASR wells
with backup power to improve
supply reliability.

Total (Previous and Current Phases):
• 1 new storage tank
• 1 new associated pump station
Total (Previous and Current Phases):
• 1 new storage tank
• 1 new associated pump station
Total (Previous and Current Phases):
• 2 new storage tanks
• 2 new pump stations
Total (Previous and Current Phases):
• 2 new storage tanks
• 2 new pump stations
Total (Previous and Current Phases):
• 4 new storage tanks
• 4 new pump stations
Pressure Reducing Station • None • Construct four new pressure reducing stations for the proposed 450 Zone.
• None
Pipelines • Construct new transmission pipelines to support future development areas. • City should continue to rehabilitate and replace older and undersized (i.e., smaller than 8-inch diameter) pipelines, with the R&R previously discussed in Chapter 7 and described in detail in Chapter 9. 303
Table 10-3. Recommended Capital Improvement Projects(a) Responsible Party Improvement Type Justification Improvement Description Construction Cost,
dollars (b,c)
Capital Cost, dollars
(includes markups)(b,d)
Existing System
Storage and Pumping Improvements
City Backup Power
Addresses the existing storage capacity deficit in the 375 Pressure Zone by increasing the emergency groundwater credit (EGWC). Nelson and Moore Wells do not currently have backup power and do not contribute to EGWC.

Installation of dedicated on-site backup power at the Nelson and Moore Wells to provide 1.76 MG of EGWC. 2 each $476,000 $1,186,000 City Booster Pump Station
Addresses the existing storage deficit in the 750 Pressure Zone through construction of emergency booster pump station.

Installation of emergency booster pump station at the Verdera Tank #3 tank site with backup power. 2 mgd $1,700,000 $2,542,000 City Booster Pump Station
Addresses the existing storage deficit in the 775 Pressure Zone through construction of emergency booster pump station.

Installation of emergency booster pump station at the
Conspiracy Point Tank site with backup power. 4 mgd $2,238,000 $3,345,000 Subtotal - Storage and Pumping Improvements $4,414,000 $7,073,000 Pipeline Improvements
City Pipeline Addresses high velocities observed in existing pipelines.

Replace existing 8-inch diameter pipeline at intersection of 1st Street and Joiner Parkway with new a 16-inch
diameter pipeline.
25 LF $21,000 $31,000
City Pipeline Addresses high velocities observed in existing pipelines.

Replace existing 8-inch diameter pipeline at intersection of E Street and McBean Park Drive with a new 12-inch
diameter pipeline.
80 LF $55,000 $82,000
Subtotal - Pipeline Improvements $76,000 $113,000
Total Existing System Capital Improvements $4,490,000 $7,186,000 5-Year System
Supply Improvements
Village 5 Supply (ASR Wells) Improves supply reliability for increased demands in the 5-Year Phase. Construction of 2 new ASR wells, equipped with backup power. 2 wells $5,763,000 $8,615,000 Subtotal - Supply Improvements $5,763,000 $8,615,000
Storage and Pumping Improvements
Above-Ground
Concrete Storage Tank Construction of Village 5 Tank #1 2 MG $4,700,000 $7,027,000 Storage Tank
Pump Station
Village 5 Tank #1 Pump Station, equipped with backup power 3 mgd $2,000,000 $2,990,000 Subtotal - Storage and Pumping Improvements $6,700,000 $10,017,000 Pipeline Improvements
City Pipeline
Provides pipelines to support future development areas. (It should be noted this pipeline is currently a developer obligation, however, an amendment is under review that may revise this to a City funded pipeline. For the purposes of the CIP, this pipeline is added to the City's responsibility to have a complete understanding of the City's potential financial needs ).

New 24-inch diameter pipeline crossing the Auburn Ravine 1,500 LF $1,260,000 $1,884,000 Pipeline New 12-inch diameter pipelines 5,970 LF $2,896,000 $4,329,000 Pipeline New 18-inch diameter pipelines 2,490 LF $1,719,000 $2,569,000 Pipeline New 12-inch diameter pipelines 13,050 LF $6,330,000 $9,463,000 Pipeline New 18-inch diameter pipelines 3,000 LF $2,070,000 $3,095,000 Pipeline New 12-inch diameter pipelines 12,600 LF $6,111,000 $9,136,000 Pipeline New 16-inch diameter pipelines 2,270 LF $1,453,000 $2,172,000 Pipeline New 18-inch diameter pipelines 2,730 LF $1,884,000 $2,817,000 Pipeline Replace existing 20-inch diameter transmission main from the 3 MG Tank with new 30-inch diameter transmission main 5,875 LF $6,404,000 $9,574,000 Pipeline New 12-inch diameter pipelines 25,890 LF $12,557,000 $18,773,000 Pipeline New 18-inch diameter pipelines 13,650 LF $9,419,000 $14,081,000 Pipeline New 12-inch diameter pipelines 1,540 LF $747,000 $1,117,000 Pipeline New 18-inch diameter pipelines 1,940 LF $1,339,000 $2,002,000 Subtotal - Pipeline Improvements $54,189,000 $81,012,000 Quantity and Unit
Addresses projected future storage deficit in the 375 West Zone as a result of increased demands in the 5-Year Phase. Sizing of facilities accounts for increased demands in the
10-Year Phase.

Provides pipelines to support future development areas.

Village 5
Lincoln 270
SUD-B
Village 1
Village 5
Village 7
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January 2026 304
Table 10-3. Recommended Capital Improvement Projects(a) Responsible Party Improvement Type Justification Improvement Description Construction Cost,
dollars (b,c)
Capital Cost, dollars
(includes markups)(b,d) Quantity and Unit
Other Improvements
Study
A water supply study is recommended to investigate feasible water supply sources for Buildout. The outcome of the study will be used as a framework for Project proponents to provide supply solutions to meet the increase in water demands for their developments. The supply solutions should be included in the development approval process with the City.

Water Supply Options Study 1 lump sum - $100,000
Study
A groundwater recharge study is recommended to perform field investigation and testing on the sites identified in the 2023 groundwater recharge site feasibility study completed by WPGSA. This study will also further evaluate whether
implementation of recharge is viable in the City.

Groundwater Recharge Study 1 lump sum - $150,000
Study An ASR well study is recommended to investigate the feasibility of implementing ASR capabilities in future wells. ASR Wells Study 1 lump sum - $100,000 Study
The City should update the 2019 Reclamation Master Plan and continue to work with developers and Lincoln Sewer
Maintenance District 1 Wastewater Authority (LiSWA) to
maximize the future use of recycled water to offset
potable demands.

Recycled Water Feasibility Study 1 lump sum - $350,000
Subtotal - Other Improvements $0 $700,000
Total 5-Year System Capital Improvements $66,652,000 $100,344,000 10-Year System
Supply Improvements
Village 5 Supply (ASR Wells) Improves supply reliability for increased demands in the 10-Year Phase. Construction of 2 new ASR wells, equipped with backup power. 2 wells $5,763,000 $8,615,000 Subtotal - Supply Improvements $5,763,000 $8,615,000
Pressure Reducing Station Improvements
Village 1 Pressure Reducing
Station
Provides main supply from the 575 Pressure Zone to the new 450 Pressure Zone.

New PRS for the 450 Pressure Zone. 1 PRS $324,000 $484,000 Village 1 Pressure Reducing
Station
Provides emergency supply from the 610 Pressure Zone to the new 450 Pressure Zone.

New PRS for the 450 Pressure Zone. 1 PRS $324,000 $484,000 Village 1 Pressure Reducing
Station
Provides emergency supply from the new 450 Pressure Zone to the 375 Pressure Zone. New PRS for the 450 Pressure Zone. 2 PRS $647,000 $967,000 Subtotal - Pressure Reducing Station Improvements $1,295,000 $1,935,000 Pipeline Improvements
Lincoln 270 Pipeline New 18-inch diameter pipelines 4,150 LF $2,864,000 $4,281,000 Pipeline New 12-inch diameter pipelines 9,390 LF $4,555,000 $6,809,000 Pipeline New 16-inch diameter pipelines 3,670 LF $2,349,000 $3,512,000 Pipeline New 18-inch diameter pipelines 4,830 LF $3,333,000 $4,983,000 Village 5 Pipeline New 18-inch diameter pipelines 3,120 LF $2,153,000 $3,219,000 Village 7 Pipeline New 12-inch diameter pipelines 3,495 LF $1,696,000 $2,535,000 Subtotal - Pipeline Improvements $16,950,000 $25,339,000 Total 10-Year System Capital Improvements $24,008,000 $35,889,000 City
Provides pipelines to support future development areas.

Village 1
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Table 10-3. Recommended Capital Improvement Projects(a) Responsible Party Improvement Type Justification Improvement Description Construction Cost,
dollars (b,c)
Capital Cost, dollars
(includes markups)(b,d) Quantity and Unit
15-Year System
Supply Improvements
Village 5 Supply (ASR Wells) Improves supply reliability for increased demands in the 15-Year Phase. Construction of 2 new ASR wells, equipped with backup power. 2 wells $5,763,000 $8,615,000 Subtotal - Supply Improvements $5,763,000 $8,615,000
Storage and Pumping Improvements
Above-Ground
Concrete Storage Tank Construction of Village 5 Tank #2 2 MG $4,700,000 $7,027,000 Storage Tank
Pump Station
Village 5 Tank #2 Pump Station, equipped with backup power 3 mgd $2,000,000 $2,990,000 Subtotal - Storage and Pumping Improvements $6,700,000 $10,017,000 Pipeline Improvements
Lincoln 270 Pipeline New 18-inch diameter pipelines 200 LF $138,000 $207,000 Pipeline New 12-inch diameter pipelines 7,870 LF $3,817,000 $5,707,000 Pipeline New 18-inch diameter pipelines 24,265 LF $16,743,000 $25,031,000 Pipeline New 12-inch diameter pipelines 3,370 LF $1,635,000 $2,444,000 Pipeline New 18-inch diameter pipelines 8,105 LF $5,593,000 $8,361,000 Jack & Bore Jack & Bore is needed for portions of 18-inch diameter pipeline crossing Southern Pacific Railroad 60 LF $86,000 $128,000 Subtotal - Pipeline Improvements $28,012,000 $41,878,000 Total 15-Year System Capital Improvements $40,475,000 $60,510,000 20-Year System
Supply Improvements
Village 5 Supply (ASR Wells) Improves supply reliability for increased demands in the 20-Year Phase. Construction of 1 new ASR well, equipped with backup power. 1 wells $2,882,000 $4,308,000 Subtotal - Supply Improvements $2,882,000 $4,308,000
Pipeline Improvements
Village 5 Pipeline Provides pipelines to support future development areas. New 12-inch diameter pipelines 17,095 LF $8,292,000 $8,292,000 Subtotal - Pipeline Improvements $8,292,000 $8,292,000
Total 20-Year System Capital Improvements $11,174,000 $12,600,000 Buildout System
Supply Improvements
Village 2, Village 3,
Village 4, and SUD-A Supply (ASR Wells) Construction of 10 new ASR wells, equipped withbackup power. 10 wells $28,811,000 $43,073,000 Village 6 and SUD-C Supply (ASR Wells) Construction of 3 new ASR wells, equipped with backup power. 3 wells $8,644,000 $12,922,000 Subtotal - Supply Improvements $37,455,000 $55,995,000
Storage and Pumping Improvements
Above-Ground
Concrete Storage Tank Construction of Village 2 Tank 5 MG $8,200,000 $12,259,000 Storage Tank
Pump Station
Village 2 Tank Pump Station, equipped with backup power 6.5 mgd $2,822,000 $4,218,000 Above-Ground
Concrete Storage Tank Construction of Airport Tank 3 MG $6,000,000 $8,970,000 Storage Tank
Pump Station
Airport Tank Pump Station, equipped with backup power 4 mgd $2,238,000 $3,345,000 Subtotal - Storage and Pumping Improvements $19,260,000 $28,792,000 Provides pipelines to support future development areas.

Village 7
Addresses supply deficit and Improves supply reliability for increased demands in Buildout.

Village 2, Village 3,
Village 4, and SUD-A
Addresses projected future storage deficit in the 375 West Zone as a result of increased demands in Buildout.

Addresses projected future storage deficit in the 375 West Zone as a result of increased demands in Buildout.

Addresses projected future storage deficit in the 375 West Zone as a result of increased demands in the 15-Year Phase. Sizing of facilities accounts for increased demands in the 20-Year Phase.

Village 5
Village 5
N-C-209-60-24-56-E-CH10-CIP

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City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
January 2026 306
Table 10-3. Recommended Capital Improvement Projects(a) Responsible Party Improvement Type Justification Improvement Description Construction Cost,
dollars (b,c)
Capital Cost, dollars
(includes markups)(b,d) Quantity and Unit
Pipeline Improvements
Pipeline New 12-inch diameter pipelines 30,665 LF $14,873,000 $22,235,000 Pipeline New 16-inch diameter pipelines 2,320 LF $1,485,000 $2,220,000 Pipeline New 18-inch diameter pipelines 126,200 LF $87,078,000 $130,182,000 Pipeline New 24-inch diameter pipelines 10,645 LF $8,942,000 $13,368,000 Jack & Bore Jack & Bore is needed for portions of 12-inch diameter pipeline crossing Southern Pacific Railroad 120 LF $129,000 $192,000 Jack & Bore Jack & Bore is needed for portions of 18-inch diameter pipeline crossing Southern Pacific Railroad 180 LF $256,000 $383,000 Pipeline New 12-inch diameter pipelines 26,595 LF $12,899,000 $19,284,000 Pipeline New 18-inch diameter pipelines 47,725 LF $32,931,000 $49,231,000 Jack & Bore Jack & Bore is needed for portions of 18-inch diameter pipeline crossing Southern Pacific Railroad 60 LF $86,000 $128,000 Subtotal - Pipeline Improvements $158,679,000 $237,223,000 Total Buildout System Capital Improvements $186,583,000 $322,010,000 Total Capital Improvements $333,382,000 $538,539,000
(a) Costs shown are based on August 2025 CCI of 20-cities average (13913.52). (b) Costs rounded to the nearest $1,000.
(c) Estimated construction costs reflect typical conditions and do not account for construction uncertainties or reflect economic bidding climate. Costs include construction contingency of 15 percent from base construction costs (d) Costs include project contingencies equal to 30 percent (Engineering: 10 percent; Construction Management: 10 percent; Program Implementation, CEQA, Legal: 10 percent).

Provides pipelines to support future development areas.

Village 2, Village 3,
Village 4, and SUD-A
Village 6 and SUD-C
N-C-209-60-24-56-E-CH10-CIP

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City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
January 2026 307
Chapter 10
Capital Improvement Program
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP
10-11 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
January 2026
In addition to the capacity-related improvementsin Table 10-2, the following studies were recommended:

Water Supply Options Study, Groundwater Recharge Study, ASR Wells Study, and Recycled Water Feasibility Study. These projects are included to improve system and/or water supply reliability and are described in detail in Chapter 8. These recommendations are also summarized in Table 10-3, along with their associated timing and estimated costs which are assumed to be funded by the City.

10.2.4 Recommended Rehabilitation and Replacement Programs Chapter 9 provided an overview of recommended enhancements to the City’s existing R&R programs that will allow the City to replace aging infrastructure on a proactive and programmatic basis before system assets fail and require emergency repair and/or replacement.

As discussed in Section 9.4.1, the City’s current Water CIP Replacement Plan, the RUL estimates, and other projects identified by the City were used to develop a 10-Year Pipeline R&R Program that includes pipeline replacement lengths and associated replacement costs for each year. After Year 10 of the R&R Program, there are several years where no pipelines reach the end of their useful life. These assets will create a “replacement wave” where a significant number of assets reach the end of useful life around the same time, requiring simultaneous replacement or upgrades. To proactively plan for the wave of replacements, it is recommended the City implement a staggered replacement strategy, establish a long-term capital reserve fund, and continue and enhance the collaborative approach. Details on each of these recommendations are discussed further in Section 9.4.2.

10.3 BASIS OF RECOMMENDATIONS
The evaluations described in this WMPU and the recommended CIP presented in this chapter are based on several key assumptions which are described throughout this report. These assumptions include the timing, type, and extent of future development projects within the City. The current assumptions for future planned development, used for this WMPU, are described in Chapter 3. Should these assumptions change (e.g., development timing is expedited or delayed, future planned land uses are changed, or the extent of development is changed or does not occur at all) the timing, need and sizing for water system improvements may be affected. Before the City proceeds with the design and construction of recommended water system improvements, future development plans and associated water system facility capacity needs should be reviewed and confirmed. As discussed in Chapter 1, this 2025 WMPU is a living document and will be updated every 5 to 8 years to incorporate new information and updates that occur after its completion.
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•
CONTRACT BETWEEN PlACER COUNTY WATER AGENCY

AND CITY OF LINCOLN FOR A TREATED WATER SUPPLY
atkpfed hj PCWA :Board on 1)/Joj,J_
This contract made this ~~~ay of Jov&nb- 2012, by and between the Placer County Water Agency, hereinafter referred to as the "Agency", a publ1c agency created by the California legislature by the Placer County Water Agency Act, and the City of Lincoln, a municipal corporation, located within the Agency, heremafter referred to as "Lmcoln."

RECITALS
The Agency and Lmcoln entered mto a water supply contract on February 24, 1998, which was supplemented on July 13, 1999, November 7, 2002 and again on December 11, 2006 and expires on December 31, 2012.

The Agency recognizes and acknowledges an exist1ng contribution by Lincoln of $4 m1llion towards facilities constructiOn, as set forth in the Supplement to the Contract between the Agency and Lmcoln, dated December 11, 2006, which contribution entitles Lincoln to 351.7 future EDU's (404,455 gpd) through the unregulated delivery facilities.

The Agency and Lmcoln now wish to enter into a new water supply contract that consolidates and supersedes the February 24, 1998, as amended and sets forth their mutual understandings and agreement regarding water supplies from the Agency in the future. 1 10 06711 4 80 1
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NOW, THEREFORE, the above Recitals are true and correct and incorporated herein by reference, and the parties hereto mutually agree as follows:

ARTICLE 1-TERM OF CONTRACT
This contract ("Contract") shall supersede the contract of February 24, 1998, as amended and supplemented, and shall become effective on January 1, 2013 and remain in effect through December 31, 2032.

ARTICLE 2 - OPTION FOR CONTINUED SERVICE
At the expiration of the term of this Contract, Lincoln shall be entitled to renewals of this Contract for successive periods not to exceed twenty years at a time, provided that the terms and conditions of each such renewal are agreed upon not later than one year prior to the expiration of the then-existing contract. The renewal contract shall provide for service of water under the same conditions of service as the then-existing contract including time, place, amount and rate of delivery, provided that the conditions of service may be altered if necessary to meet regulatory or legal requirements imposed on Agency or Lincoln.

ARTICLE 3- POINTS OF DELIVERY AND INTERTIES
(a) Points of Deliverv. All water furnished pursuant to the Contract shall be delivered to Lincoln at the Lincoln Metering Station adjacent to Lincoln's 5 million gallon storage tank near the Catta Verdera development as shown on Exhibit A attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference, and at other locations that may in the future be agreed to in writing by the parties. All locations where water is to be delivered are hereinafter referred to 2 10 06711.4 90 . 1
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collectively as "Points of Delivery". Upon agreement as to additional Points of Delivery, Exhibit A shall be amended to show those Points of Delivery. Upon agreement by the Agency, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, lincoln may also elect to take delivery of water from the Agency at a point along the Agency's existing 18-inch line in Athens Road, provided that Lincoln pays the Agency's full Water Connection Charg:e ("WCC") at the time of request for such delivery and complies with such additional terms and conditions as are appropriate at that location. Lincoln shall be solely responsible for all costs of constructing the Points of Delivery and all costs of operating and maintaining all lincoln's facilities beyond the Points of Delivery, provided, however, that the costs of construction of metering stations and facilities upstream of the Points of Delivery shall be a credit against future Water Connection Charges. (b) lnterties. The Agency and lincoln recognize that there is a mutual benefit in having interties between their respective distribution systems to provide for the exchange of water between Agency and Lincoln under emergency conditions and during planned maintenance periods. These interties will be established and operated in a manner mutually agreed to in writing.

ARTICLE 4- EXISTING AND PLANNED INFRASTRUCTURE
(a) Existing Infrastructure. The location of the major existing and planned infrastructure elements associated with the delivery of treated water from the Agency to Lincoln are also shown on Exhibit A.
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(b) Penryn-Lincoln-Sunset Pipeline. Phases lA, 18 and 2 segments of the Penryn-lincoln-Sunset pipeline have been completed in accordance with prior agreements between the parties. The Phase 3 segment was envisioned in a prior agreement but has not been constructed as of the date of this Contract.

The Phase 3 segment will extend a pipeline from the Lincoln Metering Station north to Lincoln's City Pond site. The Phase 3 segment will include a new Metering Station at the City Pond site similar to the existing Lincoln Metering Station. lincoln and the Agency are in the process of negotiating a Facilities Agreement for the construction of the Phase 3 segment, which shall cover issues of timing, funding and changes in Lincoln's Maximum Delivery Entitlement, and the Agency recognizes the existing contribution by Lincoln of $4 million towards the future construction.
(c) Lincoln Metering Station. The existing Lincoln Metering Station, located at the northerly end of the Phase 18 pipeline, includes two separate metering facilities: one for the unregulated metered delivery of water to the high elevation lots of the Catta Verdera development, and one for the flow-regulated metered delivery to the lincoln Pressure Zone. "Regulation" as used in this Article means the Agency's ability to control the rate of flow and limit flow fluctuations. The lincoln Metering Station is designed to deliver up to 20 mgd combined (both regulated and unregulated delivery).
(d) Future Facilities. Exhibit A also shows the approximate location of the proposed Ophir Water Treatment Plant ("Ophir WTP") and transmission lines needed to 4 1006711.4 ao 1
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connect it to the existing Foothill-Sunset system. Completion of these future facilities will increase the Agency's maximum delivery rate capability to Lincoln and the remainder of the Agency's service area.
(e) Reservation of Transmission Capacity. As of the date of this Contract, all payments made by lincoln, whether direct investments in pipelines or payments of the Agency's WCC, have been incorporated into the calculation of lincoln's Maximum Delivery Entitlement and Lincoln has no separate or additional rights to transmission capacity in the Agency's system.

ARTICLE 5- MAXIMUM DELIVERY ENTITLEMENTS
(a) General Provisions
The Agency will supply Lincoln with water each year at the Points of Delivery, up to the maximum quantities and maximum rates of flow specified in this Article, subject to the terms and conditions of this Contract.

During the non-peak season, generally from September to May, but not during a PG&E water service outage, Lincoln may exceed the maximum quantities and flow rates to which it is entitled under the Contract for purposes of performing maintenance on its system, provided that the Agency is notified in advance and determines it has the capability to provide such accommodation of flow rates and quantities.

In an emergency situation within lincoln's system Lincoln shall have equal access to the Agency's storage and delivery capacity on the same basis as other Agency customers if needed. 5 10 06 711 4 80 .1
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In an emergency situation within Agency's system, lincoln agrees to utilize its alternative groundwater supplies and internal storage capacity to the maximum extent feasible at the request of the Agency.
{b) Current Maximum Delivery Entitlement. As of the date of this Contract, the maximum amount of water which Lincoln may require the Agency to deliver to Lincoln through the regulated delivery facilities in a single day is 17,774,452 gallons, and through the unregulated delivery facilities in a single day is 726,972.5 gallons, for a combined total of 18,501,424.5 gallons per day (Maximum Delivery Entitlement). For purposes of this Contract, a day shall be the twenty-four hour period beginning one second after midnight. (c) Service to High Elevation Lots. It is anticipated that ultimately there will be approximately 600 dwelling lots within Lincoln's service area at elevations higher than can be served by gravity from the Lincoln Pressure Zone. The Agency agrees that lincoln may elect to take unregulated delivery from the Agency for these lots, provided that Lincoln first pays to the Agency the Agency's full WCC, as it exists at the time of such payment. To date, Lincoln has paid for wee credits for a maximum day water delivery of 726,972.5 gallons for the unregulated deliveries for the high elevation lots in Lincoln that are served by the Agency's storage facilities. Should lincoln desire to purchase additional maximum day capacity for service to high elevation lots, Lincoln shall submit to the Agency a written request specifying the additional maximum day water delivery required. Assuming there is adequate capacity in 6 1006711 4 80 .1
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the Agency's system to accommodate this request, as determined in the Agency's sole discretion, Lincoln shall pay the full wee cost per gallon as it exists at that time. (d) Service to Lincoln Pressure Zone. With the exception of the unregulated delivery to the Catta Verdera high elevation lots, under normal operating conditions Lincoln shall, at its own expense, provide all storage and groundwater facilities necessary to regulate pressures and to accommodate hourly changes in demands within its lincoln Pressure Zone while receiving uniform regulated deliveries from the Agency.

Lincoln will provide to the Agency on a routine basis, but not more frequently than daily, the required daily volume of water to be delivered to lincoln. The Agency shall operate control valves which regulate the rate of flow of water from the Agency's system to Lincoln's at the Points of Delivery. At the option of the Agency, deliveries to lincoln may be made at a uniform rate of delivery over a twenty-four hour period, or at fluctuating rates not to exceed plus or minus 10 percent of the daily average delivery rate, provided however, that the Agency may temporarily halt delivery if Lincoln's storage facilities become full. (e) Increases in Maximum Delivery Entitlement Through Existing Facilities.

The Agency's Foothill-Sunset-Ophir ("FSO") water system has an approximate maximum permitted treatment capacity of 66 mgd and an unallocated treatment capacity of approximately 5.7 mgd as of the date of this Contract, which unallocated capacity is available on a first-come, first-served basis upon payment of the applicable WCC. Lincoln shall have the right to access any or all of the then-unallocated treatment and transmission capacity within 7 1 006711 .4 80 . 1
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the Agency's FSO water system by paying the wee applicable to Lincoln in effect at the time payment is made until the existing FSO system reaches capacity, as objectively and quantifiably determined by PCWA.
(f) Annual Notification. The Agency shall notify lincoln annually in writing of the then-remaining water and capacity which the Agency is able to deliver to and from the FSO water system, and the amount of water and capacity which has been committed to and from the FSO water system since the date of the immediately preceding report.

ARTICLE 6. WATER CONNECTION CHARGES
(a) wee Applicable to lincoln for Service from Agency's Existing Infrastructure.

The Agency's current full wee is composed of five components: (1) a treatment plant component, the amount of which is generally intended to cover the costs of delivering raw water to the treatment plant and providing treatment and clearwell storage facilities; (2) a groundwater component, the amount of which is generally intended to cover the costs of providing groundwater pumping and treatment facilities which the Agency determines is necessary to insure water supply reliability, for emergency backup, periods of drought, or for maintenance or peak management; (3) a storage component, the amount of which is generally intended to cover the costs of providing distribution system storage facilities; (4) a transmission component, the amount of which is generally intended to cover the costs of providing regional transmission facilities; and (5) a planning component, the amount of which is generally intended to cover the costs of regional planning efforts. 8 1006711.4 80.1
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Except for service to high elevation lots, as provided in Article 5, the Parties agree that the Agency will not provide distribution system storage or groundwater service to Lincoln and will be providing only a portion of the planning required by lincoln. Therefore, the wee components applicable to Lincoln to increase its Maximum Delivery Entitlement from the existing Foothill-Sunset-Ophir system shall be the Agency's treatment component, transmission component and one-half the planning component. As of the date of this agreement the Agency's wee components for the PeW A Zone 1 treated water service and the amounts applicable to lincoln for one (1) equivalent dwelling unit (EDU) are as shown in the following table. Also shown is the assumed maximum day demand for one (1) EDU which was used to calculate these charges, and a calculation of the wee amount per gallon per day of maximum demand ($/GPO).

Component (effective 01/01/12) Zone 1 lincoln
Treatment $5,834 $5,834
Groundwater 648 0
Storage 2,755 0
Transmission 6,807 6,807
Planning 162 81
Total $16,206 $12,722
1 EDU Max Day Water Use, GPO 1,150 1,150
$/GPO $14.09 $11.06
The Maximum Delivery Entitlement for Lincoln shall be increased by one gallon per day from the existing FSO water system for each $11.06 of wee payment received by the Agency in 2012. 9 100 6711. 4 8 0 l
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Beginning January 1, 2013 and each year thereafter, until the Agency determines that there is no remaining unallocated capacity in the existing FSO water system, the amount of WCC payment required to increase lincoln's Maximum Delivery Entitlement shall be increased by the percent increase in the ENR San Francisco Construction Cost Index over the preceding year. (c) Increases in Maximum Delivery Entitlement Requiring New Infrastructure.

Additional increases in lincoln's Maximum Delivery Entitlement requiring new infrastructure may be made available to Lincoln through implementation of negotiated Facilities Agreement(s) that include provisions for joint financing of the planning, design, environmental processing and mitigation, and construction of the proposed source water supply, water treatment and transmission infrastructure and appurtenances necessary to increase the maximum rate of delivery from the Agency to Lincoln. The Agency agrees to cooperate with Lincoln in the planning and development of infrastructure in the Agency's facilities upstream of the Points of Delivery and interties which lincoln requires to meet its development needs, provided, however, that this Contract imposes no obligation on PCWA to construct or enhance its existing infrastructure. PCWA shall own and operate all such infrastructure. lincoln shall have exclusive rights to the portion of capacity in said infrastructure represented by the proportion of funding provided by lincoln, to be defined in those Facilities Agreement(s).
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ARTICLE 7 - LIMITATION ON AGENCY SERVICE
Except for those properties that abut the existing Agency pipeline in Athens Road, the Agency will not provide treated water service within lincoln's sphere of influence as of the date of this Contract; provided that Lincoln offers to furnish such service to those areas upon the same terms and conditions that it furnishes service to areas outside its city limits.

ARTICLE 8- OTHER LINCOLN WATER SOURCES
lincoln has a developed groundwater system which is integrated into its municipal water system; a portion of Lincoln's sphere of influence lies within Nevada Irrigation District's (NID) service area and lincoln is pursuing a separate treated water supply from NIO to serve that portion of the city. In addition, lincoln is planning on developing its recycled water sources to meet local irrigation requirements. Both of these source developments may affect lincoln's need for water supplied under this Contract. The Agency acknowledges that lincoln has the right to use these other water sources within the City in any way it determines is best.

ARTICLE 9- MEASUREMENT
All water furnished pursuant to this Contract shall be measured by the Agency at the Points of Delivery. Such measurements shall be with equipment chosen by the Agency and approved by lincoln. All measuring equipment shall be installed and maintained by the Agency and the Agency shall pay for all installation and maintenance. The Agency shall have the primary obligation to measure the quantity of water delivered to lincoln. Lincoln may request, at any time, investigation of the measurements being made as well as the charges associated 11 1006711 4 80 .1
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with those measurements. Errors in measurement and charges discovered by the investigation will be corrected by the Agency. Lincoln may, at its own cost, at any time, inspect the measuring equipment and the records of such measurements for the purpose of determining the accuracy of the equipment and measurements.

ARTICLE 10- RATES OF PAYMENT FOR WATER
(a) Current Rates and Charges. Beginning the earlier of January 1, 2014 or the effective date of the next change in Agency's rates, and continuing until otherwise agreed to in writing by both parties, the rates and charges that Lincoln shall pay the Agency for all water furnished under this Contract shall be the Agency's Schedule No. 1 - Treated Water - for Metered Industrial and Resale Service within the Western Water System, which is the Agency's lowest volumetric rate for treated water. Until January 1, 2014, lincoln shall pay the Agency's rates and charges implemented in 2009 that Agency designated as applicable to Lincoln. (b) Changes in Rates and Charges. The Agency may alter its rates and charges at any time as it deems necessary; provided, however, it shall give Lincoln 45 days' written notice of its intention to consider any changes in rates and charges and shall hold a public hearing at which Lincoln and any members of the public can present evidence in support of or in opposition to any such proposed changes and provided further that no increase in rates to be charged to Lincoln shall become effective until 90 days after the Agency has notified lincoln in writing of the rate change.

ARTICLE 11- RESERVED
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ARTICLE 12 - TIME AND METHOD OF PAYMENTS
On or before the tenth day of each month, the Agency shall send Lincoln a statement of charges due for all water actually delivered to Lincoln during the preceding month. lincoln shall pay all statements via electronic transfer within thirty (30) days after they are received.

ARTICLE 13-WATER SHORTAGES
At times there may occur a shortage in the quantity of water available for delivery to lincoln pursuant to this Contract. In the event of any shortage (due to natural causes, casualties, regulatory requirements or any other causes) which causes the total quantity of water available to the Agency for distribution to Lincoln and to the Agency's other customers to be less than the total of all quantities required by lincoln and the other customers, the Agency reserves the right to apportion the available water supply among lincoln and others entitled to receive water from the Agency. In such events, no liability shall accrue against the Agency or any of its officers, agents or employees for any damage, direct or indirect, arising from such shortage or shortages or resulting allocations. The Agency shall give lincoln written notice as far in advance as possible of any such reduction in water deliveries, which notice shall state the basis for the reduction and the anticipated duration. Also, if the Agency's supply of water for its Zone No. 1 is reduced by events outside the control of the Agency, or is being fully utilized by the Agency's then-existing customers, and as a result the Agency is unable to increase lincoln's Maximum Delivery Entitlement then, notwithstanding any other provision of this Contract, the Agency shall not be required to increase its rate of delivery to Lincoln. 13 10067 11. 4 80 . 1
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ARTICLE 14-OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
The Agency may temporarily discontinue or reduce the amount of water to be furnished to lincoln as provided for herein for the purpose of maintaining, repairing, replacing, investigating or inspecting any of the facilities necessary for furnishing water to Lincoln. Insofar as it is feasible, the Agency will give Lincoln reasonable notice in advance of any such temporary discontinuance or reduction, except in cases of emergency, in which case no advance notice need be given. The Agency shall schedule its routine maintenance of facilities so that, to the extent feasible, such discontinuances or reductiolil in delivery will result in minimum impact to Lincoln's customers.

ARTICLE 15 -WATER QUALITY
All water delivered by the Agency pursuant to this Contract shall meet all applicable Federal, State of California and Placer County water quality requirements for water for domestic use. If public notification is required to be given to Lincoln's customers because the quality of the water fails to meet standards, Agency shall so notify Lincoln in writing as promptly as reasonably feasible, and Lincoln shall be responsible for sending such notices, provided that the Agency shall reimburse lincoln for its reasonable costs in doing so. The Agency shall provide lincoln with copies of any reports received by the Agency from health departments concerning the quality of the water being furnished to Lincoln. Lincoln shall indemnify the Agency against any claims of damages of any nature whatsoever that may result 14 1006711 . 4 80 . 1
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from a failure of lincoln to provide notice to its customers of water quality problems pursuant to this Article 15.

ARTICLE 16 -INDEMNIFICATION
Except for any claim or action for damages based upon the quality of water prior to its reaching the Points of Delivery, neither the Agency nor its officers, agents or employees shall be liable for the control, carriage, handling, use, disposal, or distribution of water furnished to Lincoln pursuant to this Contract after such water has passed the Points of Delivery, nor for the claims of damages of any nature whatsoever, including but not limited to, property damage, personal injury, or death, arising out of or connected with the control, carriage, handling, use, disposal or distribution of such water beyond the Points of Delivery,; and lincoln shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Agency and its officers, agents and employees from any such damages or claims of damages.

ARTICLE 17-OBLIGATIONS OF LINCOLN TO MAKE PAYMENTS
The obligations of Lincoln arising out of or pursuant or incidental to this Contract shall constitute general obligations of Lincoln, and lincoln shall use all the powers and resources available to it under the law to collect the funds necessary for and to pay its obligations to the Agency under this Contract. Lincoln as a whole is obligated to pay to the Agency the payments becoming due under this Contract, notwithstanding any individual default by its water users, constituents or others in the payment to Lincoln of assessments, taxes, tolls, or other charges levied by Lincoln.
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ARTIClE 18 - INTEREST ON OVERDUE PAYMENTS
Interest shall accrue at the legal rate of interest charged on judgments issued in California courts on any unpaid charges to be paid by lincoln to the Agency pursuant to this Contract from their due date until paid, and lincoln hereby agrees to pay such interest.

ARTIClE 19- DEFAUlT
In the event of any default by lincoln for a period of more than sixty {60) days in the payment of any money required to be paid to the Agency hereunder, the Agency in its discretion may suspend delivery of water during the period when lincoln is delinquent in its payments or obligations due to the Agency under the terms of this Contract. Action taken pursuant to this Article shall not deprive the Agency of or limit any remedy provided by this Contract or by law for the recovery of money due or which may become due under this Contract.

ARTIClE 20 - REMEDIES NOT EXCLUSIVE
The use of either party of any remedy for the enforcement of this Contract is not exclusive and shall not deprive the party using such remedy of, or limit the application of, any other remedy provided by law.

ARTIClE 21- ASSIGNMENT
The provisions ofthis Contract shall apply to and bind the successors and assigns of the respective parties, but no assignment or transfer of this Contract, or any part hereof or interest herein, shall be valid without the consent of the non-assigning party. 16 l0067H .4 80. 1
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ARTICLE 22- AREA SERVED BY liNCOlN
Without the prior written consent of the Agency, water delivered to Lincoln pursuant to this Contract shall not be sold or otherwise disposed of by lincoln for use outside lincoln's city limits as they may exist from time to time, except to those customers outside the city limits located in the area shown on Exhibit "B" attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference that were receiving service from Lincoln as of the date of the 1998 contract. The consent of the Agency shall not be unreasonably withheld. Refusal of the Agency to grant consent shall be based upon the lack of water or capacity in Agency facilities or the intention of the Agency to provide service to the area outside lincoln's sphere of influence. lincoln shall require annexation to the Agency's Zone No. 1 as a condition to providing water service to any new customers outside of lincoln's city limits that are connected to Lincoln's water system after the date of this Contract .

ARTICLE 23 - OPINIONS and DETERMINATIONS
Where the terms of this Contract provide for action to be based upon opinion, judgment, approval, review or determination of either party, such terms are not intended to be and shall never be construed as permitting such opinion, judgment, approval, review or determination to be arbitrary, capricious or unreasonable.

ARTICLE 24 - NOTICES
All notices, including but not limited to rate or WCC increases, that are required either expressly or by implication to be given by any party to the other under this Contract shall be 17 1006711 4 80.1
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signed for the Agency and for Lincoln by such officers as they may, from time to time, authorize in writing to so act. All such notices shall be deemed to have been given and delivered personally if enclosed in a properly addressed envelope and deposited in a United States Post Office for delivery by registered or certified mail. Unless and until formally notified otherwise, all notices shall be addressed to the parties at their addresses as shown on the signature page of this Contract.

ARTICLE 25 -INSPECTION of BOOKS and RECORDS
The proper officers or agents of Lincoln shall have full and free access at all reasonable times to the account books and official records of the Agency insofar as the same pertain to the matters and things provided for in this Contract, with the right at any time during office hours to make copies thereof at Lincoln's expense, and the proper representatives of the Agency shall have similar rights in respect to the account books and records of lincoln.

ARTICLE 26- AMENDMENTS
This Contract may be amended at any time by mutual written agreement of the parties, except insofar as any proposed amendments are in any way contrary to applicable law.

ARTICLE 27 - WAIVER; REMEDIES CUMULATIVE
Failure by a party to insist upon the strict performance of any of the provisions of this Contract by the other party, irrespective of the length of time for which such failure continues, shall not constitute a waiver of such party's right to demand strict compliance by such other party in the future. No waiver by a party of a default or breach of the other party shall be 18 1006711.4 80 1
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effective or binding upon such party unless made in writing by such party, and no such waiver shall be implied from any omission by a party to take any action with respect to such default or breach. No express written waiver of a specified default or breach shall affect any other default or breach and/or period of time specified. All of the remedies permitted or available to a party under this Contract, or at law or in equity, shall be cumulative and alternative, and invocation of any such right or remedy shall not constitute a waiver or election of remedies with respect to any other available right or remedy.

ARTICLE 28- CONSTRUCTION of LANGUAGE of CONTRACT
The provisions of this Contract shall be construed as a whole according to its common meaning and purpose of providing a public benefit and not strictly for or against any party. It shall be construed consistent with the provisions hereof, in order to achieve the objectives and purposes of the parties. Wherever required by the context, the singular shall include the plural and vice versa, and the masculine gender shall include the feminine or neutral genders or vice versa.

ARTICLE 29- MITIGATION of DAMAGES
In all situations arising out of this Contract, the parties shall attempt to avoid and minimize the damages resulting from the conduct of the other party.

ARTICLE 30- GOVERNING LAW
This Contract, and the rights and obligations of the parties, shall be governed and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of California. 19 1006711.4 80 . 1
435
ARTICLE 31 - CAPTIONS
The captions or headings in this Contract are for convenience only and in no other way define, limit or describe the scope or intent of any provision or section of the Contract.

ARTICLE 32- PARTIAL INVALIDITY
If any provision in this Contract is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remaining provisions will nevertheless continue in full force without being impaired or invalidated in any way.

ARTICLE 33- RELATIONSHIP of the PARTIES
The relationship of the parties to this Contract shall be that of independent contractors.

Each party shall be solely responsible for any workers compensation, withholding taxes, unemployment insurance and any other employer obligations associated with the described work or obligations assigned to them under this Contract.

ARTICLE 34- WATER CONSERVATION
The Agency is required by federal and state laws and regulations to implement various water conservation measures and require its customers, whether they be retail, wholesale, or resale customers, to abide by these measures in order to prevent the waste of water. Lincoln shall, within its service area, implement the water conservation measures adopted by the Agency from time to time for the Agency's Zone No. 1 Water System and shall require its customers to comply with those measures to the same extent that other customers within the Agency's Zone No. 1 are required to do so.
20 1006711 4 80.1
436
ARTIClE 35 -YEAR
The term "year" as used in this Contract shall mean the calendar year beginnmg on each January 1.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Contract as of the date first above written.

ATIEST:
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Placer County Water Agency
P 0. Box 6570
Auburn, Califorma 95604
ATIEST:

Clerk
City of lincoln
600 6th Street
Lmcoln, California 95648
1006711 4 80 1

PLACER COUNTY WATER AGENCY

CITY OF LINCOLN
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Water Use Factor Technical Memorandum
Appendix B
470
2020 Research Park Drive
Suite 100
Davis CA 95618
530.756.5905 phone
530.756.5991 fax
westyost.com

TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
DATE: December 17, 2025 Project No.: 206-60-24-56
SENT VIA: EMAIL
TO: Araceli Cazarez, PE, City of Lincoln
FROM: Colton Short, EIT, #174039
Angie Yan, EIT, #172428
REVIEWED BY: Brenda Estrada, PE, RCE #67062
SUBJECT: City of Lincoln 2023 Water Use Factors Development Methodology In 2021, West Yost developed water use factorsfor the City of Lincoln (City) using 2019 water consumption data. Currently, the City is in the process of completing their 2024 Water Master Plan Update (WMPU).

As part of the work for the WMPU, West Yost has updated the water use factors using 2023 water consumption data. This technical memorandum (TM) details the update of and presents the recommended City’s water use factors .

DEVELOPMENT OF WATER USE FACTORS
Since 2019, the COVID pandemic occurred which altered how people work, with many continuing to work remotely from home. In addition, customers have continued to conserve water. These changes have had an impact on water consumption trends. To capture the changes, new unit water use factors were developed using the 2023 water consumption data.

The City projects future system demands using land-use based unit water use factors. To develop these factors, the City provided West Yost with the following data:
• 2023 metered water consumption data in a spreadsheet with meter IDs, • Spatially-located water meter locations, and
• City of Lincoln existing zoning land use and parcel information in Geographic Information System (GIS).

Water use factors were then determined by using the following methodology:
• Metered water consumption data was filtered to exclude rate descriptions that do not represent potable water consumption (i.e., reclaim water, hydrant water, and null). In addition, accounts which did not include a full year’s worth of data were excluded from the analysis.
• Annual 2023 water consumption data were linked to the spatially-located water meters using register number.
471
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n-c-206-60-24-56-engr
• Spatially-located metered water consumption was then linked to the parcel file with the City’s land use designations by using a spatial join.

This methodology allowed West Yost to develop water use factors for land use designations used in the City’s current General Plan. The following sections discuss the methodologies for updating residential and non-residential unit water demand factors.

General Methodology
Unit water demand factors were developed using 2023 meter data and existing land use information in GIS format. The City’s metered water consumption data was spatially joined to the GIS parcels. Some records were manually linked to land use data if the meter was located outside of its respective parcel.

The unit water demand factor for each land use designation was calculated by dividing the total metered water consumption by the associated dwelling units or the parcel area per land use for residential and non-residential land uses, respectively. Figure 1 shows the spatial distribution of linked meter data.

Figure 2 shows the land use areas used to develop the unit water demand factors.

The parcel area calculation did not include streets and therefore resulted in “net” unit water use factors.

The “net” unit water use factors were then adjusted to account for streets so they could be applied to the gross acreage information provided by City staff for future development.1 The following sections describe the updated unit water use factors by land use designation.

Unit Water Use Factors
Unit water use factors were developed by joining the spatially-located metered water consumption data and the land use data. Single-family residences (Low Density Estates, Low-Density Residential, and Medium-Density Residential) are typically served by a single meter. High-Density Residential and nonresidential land uses may have multiple meters. To calculate residential unit water use factors, the total annual water use was divided by the associated total dwelling unit counts2for the parcels with 2023 water use. To calculate the non-residential unit water use factors, the total annual water use was divided by the total parcel acreage per respective land use. As described in the following sections, some adjustments were made to include or exclude water use from select meters and parcel acreage as necessary to develop water use factors which are representative of water use expected in future development.

In 2021, each unit use factor was increased by 5 percent to be conservative and account for variability in annual water use. This 5 percent increase was not applied to the unit use factors developed in this TM due to the State Water Board’s adoption of the 2018 Water Conservation Legislation to Making Water Conservation a California Way of Life (Senate Bill [SB] 606 and Assembly Bill 1668) on July 3, 2024, which requires water purveyors to calculate and be held to annual urban water use objectives to improve water use efficiency.
1 The gross acreage within the existing City limits is 15,425 acres, and the net acreage within the City limits assigned to an existing or planned land use is 13,798 acres. Therefore, a factor of 1.12 (15,425 acres divided by 13,798 acres) was used to convert from net acreage to gross acreage.
2 Mintier & Associates and Matrix Design Group, Inc. March 2008. City of Lincoln General Plan 2050. Table 4-1.

General Plan Land Use Designations and Development Standards. 472
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VIRGINIATOWN RD

NICOLAUS RD

SHERIDAN LINCOLN BLVD

ATHENS AVE

E CATLETT RD

FIDDYMENT RD

N DOWD RD

INDUSTRIAL AVE

S DOWD RD

LINCOLN BLVD
Notes:

1. GIS meter shapefile provided by the
City of Lincoln in 2024.

2. Meters shown in this figure represent
metered potable water used only for
the purpose of developing unit water
use factors and does not represent
all of the City's water meters.

Spatially Located Water
Meters
City Limit
Existing Pipelines
Distribution Pipeline
(<18-inch)
Transmission Pipeline
(≥18-inch)
Pressure Zones
375 Zone
475 Zone
575 Zone
610 Zone
650 Zone
750 Zone
775 Zone
Figure 1
Spatially Located
Water Meters
0 3,000 6,000
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig 1 - Meters: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch3_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 11/12/2024 473
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AVIATION BLVD

VIRGINIATOWN RD

NICOLAUS RD

SHERIDAN LINCOLN BLVD

ATHENS AVE

E CATLETT RD

FIDDYMENT RD

N DOWD RD

INDUSTRIAL AVE

S DOWD RD

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LINCOLN BLVD
Notes:

1. GIS zoning and land use shapefiles
provided by the City of Lincoln in 2024.

2. Zoning is only shown for parcels which
were used to calculate acreage in the unit
water use factor development.

3. Land use for meters originally
categorized as open space were revised by
the City. The parcels for these meters
were manually drawn in, and therefore,
the land use shown is not an exact
match to the City's Zoning Map.

4. Mixed Use land use is not shown since
the associated parcel has not been
developed, and therefore, was not used
to calculate the unit water use factor.

5. Recommended unit use factors for Public
Facilities, and Parks and Recreation were
not based on the parcels shown.

6. Parks and Recreation zoning shown
represents the total park area served by a
meter and in some cases can include
multiple parcels, some of which may not
directly have a meter.

City Limit
Zoning
Country Estates
Low Density Estates
Low Density Residential
Medium Density
Residential
High Density Residential
Commercial
Business and
Professional
Industrial
Public Facilities
Parks and Recreation
Figure 2
Parcels Used in Water
Use Factor Calculations
0 3,000 6,000
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig 2 - Parcels: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch3_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 11/12/2024 474
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Low Density Estates
The 2021 water use factor update listed a Country Estates land use. However, recent Specific Plans have included a Low Density Estates designation as a planned land use with similar characteristics as the Country Estates. For this update, a single Low Density Estates water use factor was developed to represent the Low Density Estates and Country Estates land use designations. The Low Density Estates land use designation represents residential parcels with a density of up to 2 dwelling units per acre (du/ac) and Country Estates land use designation represents residential parcels with a density of 1 to 2.9 du/ac. Low Density Estates parcels tend to include large multi-story homes on lots of 20,000 square feet or greater, with large yards and extensive landscaping. Similar to Low Density Estates, Country Estates parcels tend to be large parcels with large single-family homes. It was assumed that there is a single dwelling unit on each existing Low Density Estates parcel. A Low Density Estates unit use factor of 1.46 acre-feet per dwelling unit (af/du) was calculated from the 2023 meter consumption data and is recommended for the City to adopt. This represents an increase of approximately 7 percent from the 2021 calculated unit use factor.

Low Density Residential
The Low Density Residential land use designation represents residential parcels with a density of 3 to

5.9 du/ac. Low Density Residential land use consists of traditional single-family homes on individual lots.

It was assumed that there was a single dwelling unit on each existing Low Density Residential parcel. A Low Density Residential unit use factor of 0.39 af/du was calculated from the 2023 meter consumption data and is recommended for the City to adopt. This represents a decrease of approximately 3 percent from the 2021 calculated unit use factor.

Medium Density Residential
The Medium Density Residential land use designation represents residential parcels with a density of 6 to

12.9 du/ac. Medium Density Residential land use consists of traditional single-family homes on lots which are slightly smaller than those of Low Density Residential use. It was assumed that 10 dwelling units, the median of the Medium Density Residential dwelling unit range, was on each existing Medium Density Residential parcel. The calculated unit use factor using the 2023 meter consumption data was approximately 30 percent lower than the 2021 calculated unit use factor. While the City has seen a decrease in water demands, it was decided a more conservative approach to account for demand variability be used to calculate the unit use factor. A Medium Density Residential unit use factor of

0.30 af/du was calculated based on the average from the 2021 and 2023 meter consumption data and is recommended for the City to adopt. This represents a decrease of approximately 16 percent from the 2021 calculated unit use factor.

High Density Residential
The High Density Residential land use designation represents residential parcels with a density of 13 to 20 du/ac or greater. The High Density Residential land use designation includes higher density living styles, such as condominiums, townhouses, triplexes and fourplexes, and multi-family residential units. It was assumed that 17 dwelling units, the median of the High Density Residential dwelling unit range, was on each existing High Density Residential parcel. The calculated unit use factor using the 2023 consumption data was approximately 24 percent lower than the 2021 calculated unit use factor. While the City has seen a decrease in water demands, it was decided a more conservative approach to account for demand variability be used to calculate the unit use factor. A High Density Residential unit use factor of 0.18 af/du was calculated based on the average from the 2021 and 2023 meter consumption data and is 475
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n-c-206-60-24-56-engr
recommended for the City to adopt. This represents a decrease of approximately 12 percent from the 2021 calculated unit use factor.

Commercial
A single Commercial water use factor was developed to represent the Neighborhood Commercial and Community Commercial land use designations. The calculated unit use factor using the 2023 consumption data was approximately 28 percent lower than the 2021 calculated unit use factor. While the City has seen a decrease in water demands, it was decided a more conservative approach to account for demand variability be used to calculate the unit use factor. A Commercial unit use factor of 1.45 acre-feet per acre (af/ac) was calculated based on the average from the 2021 and 2023 meter consumption data and is recommended for the City to adopt. This represents a decrease of approximately 14 percent from the 2021 calculated unit use factor.

Business and Professional
A single Business and Professional water use factor was developed to represent the Business and Professional and Employment Center land use designations. These land use types include offices and other buildings associated with professional services. The calculated unit use factor using the 2023 consumption data was approximately 48 percent lower than the 2021 calculated unit use factor. While the City has seen a decrease in water demands, it was decided a more conservative approach to account for demand variability be used to calculate the unit use factor. A Business and Professional unit use factor of 1.15 af/ac was calculated based on the average from the 2021 and 2023 meter consumption data and is recommended for the City to adopt. This represents a decrease of approximately 24 percent from the 2021 calculated unit use factor.

Mixed Use
The Mixed Use land use designation represents developments that physically and functionally provide space to integrate residential and commercial use. Generally, mixed use developments are anticipated to consist of buildings with commercial use on the first floor and residential use on all floors above the first.

There is currently only one meter associated with the Mixed Use land use designation, and that respective area has yet to be developed. Since there is no current consumption data associated with this land use, an updated unit water use factor from the City’s consumption data could not be developed. Therefore, it is recommended for the City to continue to use the previously developed Mixed Use unit use factor of

2.00 af/ac from the 2021 water use factor update, which was developed based on other agencies in the Central Valley with similar climates.

Industrial
A single Industrial land use designation was developed to represent the Industrial, Light Industrial, and Industrial Planned Development land use designations. To remain consistent with the 2021 water use factor update, water use and parcel acreage for Sierra Pacific Industries sawmill plant and Gladding McBean clay plant have been excluded from the calculations since these large manufacturing plants have above average industrial water use and are not representative of future Industrial developments within the City. Additionally, the water use and parcel acreage at 466 Airport Road were also excluded from the analysis as it was assumed that the large parcel acreage does not accurately represent the extent of water use serving the parcel. An Industrial unit use factor of 0.47 af/ac was calculated from the 2023 meter consumption data and is recommended for the City to adopt. This represents an increase of approximately 10 percent from the 2021 calculated unit use factor.
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Public Facilities
The Public Facilities land use designation represents public facilities, churches not associated with a residence, and schools. Water use and parcel acreage associated with the City Wastewater Treatment Facility was excluded from the calculations as it was assumed that the large parcel acreage does not accurately represent the extent of water use serving the parcel. The unit use factor calculated from the 2023 consumption data was significantly lower than the 2021 water use factor. To be conservative, it is recommended for the City to continue using the previous Public Facilities unit use factor of 1.80 af/ac from the 2021 water use factor update, which was developed based on other agencies in the Central Valley with similar climates.

Parks and Recreation
The Parks and Recreation land use designation represents irrigated public parks and areas maintained for recreation, such as sports fields, courts, and playgrounds. The unit use factor calculated from the 2023 meter consumption data was significantly lower than the 2021 water use factor. To be conservative, it is recommended for the City to continue using the previous Parks and Recreations unit use factor of

3.55 af/ac from the 2021 water use factor update, which kept the same factor developed in the 2017 Water Master Plan.

RECOMMENDED WATER USE FACTORS
Table 1 summarizes the recommended unit water use factors for the City to use for future water system planning and compares them with the factors previously developed and adopted in 2021. Low Density Residential, Medium Density Residential, High Density Residential, Commercial, and Business and Professional water use factors saw a decrease from the previous factors, which is consistent with water conservation trends observed throughout the Central Valley and may be a result of the efforts outlined in the City’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan. Low Density Estates (previously Country Estates) and Industrial water use factors saw slight increases in water use by 7 and 10 percent, respectively. Mixed Use, Public Facilities, and Parks and Recreation water use factors did not change. Based on the work completed to develop these water use factors, they are appropriate for the City to adopt and use in projecting future water demands.
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Table 1. Recommended Unit Water Demand Factors
Water Use Factor
General Plan Land Use
Designation(s) af/du/yr af/ac/yr
Change from
2021 Water Use
Factor TM,
Percent(a)
Residential
Low Density Estates
Low Density Estates

1.46 -- +7%
Country Estates
Low Density Residential Low Density Residential 0.39 -- -3% Medium Density Residential Medium Density Residential 0.30 -- -16% High Density Residential High Density Residential 0.18 -- -12% Non-Residential
Commercial
Neighborhood
Commercial --

1.45 -14%
Community Commercial --
Business and Professional
Business and Professional --

1.15 -24%
Employment Center --
Mixed Use(b) Mixed Use -- 2.00 No change
Industrial
Industrial --

0.47 +10%
Light Industrial --
Industrial Planned
Development --
Public Facilities(c) Public Facilities -- 1.80 No change Parks and Recreation(c) Parks and Recreation -- 3.55 No change (a) Unit water use factors developed in 2021 included an additional factor of 5 percent to be conservative and account for variability in annual water use. This factor is not applied to the current recommended water use factors due to the 2018 Water Conservation Legislation to Making Water Conservation a California Way of Life adopted by the State Water Board on July 3, 2024.
(b) The City did not have any Mixed Use consumption during the 2023 year, therefore, it is recommended for the City to continue using the Mixed Use unit water use factor developed in 2021. (c) The calculated Public Facilities and Parks and Recreation water use factors were significantly lower than the 2021 unit water use factor. To be conservative, it is recommended for the City to continue using the previous Public Facilities and Parks and Recreation unit use factors.
478
System Servicing Plan Technical Memorandum
Appendix C
479
2020 Research Park Drive
Suite 100
Davis CA 95618
530.756.5905 phone
530.756.5991 fax
westyost.com

TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
DATE: January 22, 2026 Project No.: 206-60-24-56
SENT VIA: EMAIL
TO: Araceli Cazarez, PE, City of Lincoln
CC: Chris Nelson, City of Lincoln
FROM: Brenda Estrada, PE, RCE #67062
REVIEWED BY: Jim Mulligan, PE, RCE #52627
SUBJECT: City of Lincoln – System Servicing Plan

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE
This technical memorandum (TM) summarizes findings from the City of Lincoln’s (City) Water Master Plan Update (WMPU). The purpose of this TM is to document the system servicing strategy, including projected water demands, supply capacity, system evaluation, capital improvement planning, and staffing needs to support buildout of the City’s water system. The TM integrates results from key technical analyses and establishes a framework for the City’s long-range water system planning.

PLANNING FRAMEWORK AND DATA SOURCES
This TM integrates data and findings from the following WMPU chapters:
• Chapter 3 – Water Demand Analysis
• Chapter 4 – Water Supply Analysis
• Chapter 7 – Existing System Evaluation
• Chapter 8 – Future System Evaluation
• Chapter 10 – Capital Improvement Program
The planning horizon extends through full buildout consistent with the City’s General Plan. Land use based projections, service area boundaries, and system hydraulic evaluations provide the foundation for the system servicing plan.

PLANNED DEVELOPMENT
The General Plan 2050 (GP) serves as a long-term policy guide for the City’s growth and is the basis for the future growth projections used for facility planning along with input from the City’s Community Development Department. The GP framework identifies multiple new development areas as shown on Figure 1. In Chapter 3 of the WMPU, the development of the future growth areas was classified in 5-year increments through a 20-year period with any remaining area assumed to be developed at buildout based 480
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January 22, 2026

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N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP C
on input from the City’s Community Development Department. Growth is expected primarily in Village 1 and Village 5 over the next 20 years. The time frames associated with each Village and Special Use District (SUD) on Figure 1 are as follows:
• Village 1 is anticipated to be substantially completed within 10 years. • SUD B is anticipated to begin development in the next 5 years and be substantially completed within 15 years.
• Villages 5 and 7 are anticipated to begin development in the next 5 to 10 years and be substantially completed within 15 to 20 years.
• Villages 2, 3, 4, and 6 and SUD-A and -C are assumed to develop in buildout (beyond 20 years).

Each planned growth area’s water service strategy considers:
• Land use and density
• Topography and pressure zones
• Phasing
The servicing approach maintains consistency with the City’s long-range growth policies and ensures water infrastructure aligns with planned land use and timing assumptions.

PROJECTED DEMANDS
Chapter 3 of the WMPU establishes the basis for the City’s updated water demand projections. The City’s historical and current water use were evaluated to determine per capita water use and land-use based unit use factors.

Approximately 97 percent of future water connections are expected to be single-family residential, reflecting the City’s anticipated development mix. Peaking factors (i.e., average day to maximum day to peak hour) were established based on historical water consumption data. Demand projections were summarized in five-year increments and provided the basis for system hydraulic model evaluations and supply planning. Table 1 summarizes the total projected demand estimates based on the planned development discussed in the previous section.
481
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KWY
G

LADDING
RD

VENTURE DR

MOORE RD

AVIATION BLVD

VIRGINIATOWN RD

ATHENS AVE

WISE RD

FIDDYMENT RD

PARK DR

SHERIDAN LINCOLN BLVD

S DOWD RD N DOWD RD

E CATLETT RD

MCBEAN PARK DR

LINCOLN
B
LV
D
SUD-A
SUD-C
SUD-B
SUD-C
V-2
V-3
V-4
V-6
V-1
V-7
V-5
V-2
V-1
Notes:

1. GIS zoning and land use shapefiles
provided by the City of Lincoln in 2025.

City Limit
Sphere Of Influence
Village Boundary
Special Use District
Figure 1
Future Development
Areas
0 3,500 7,000
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig 1 - Fut Dev: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch3_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 10/20/2025 482
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Table 1. Projected Water Production Requirements(a)
Phase Average Day Demand, mgd Maximum Day Demand, mgd(b) Existing(c) 9.0 16.9
5-Year 10.9 20.5
10-Year 14.0 26.4
15-Year 16.9 31.9
20-Year 18.9 35.7
Buildout 35.3 66.9
(a) Projected demands include non-revenue water of 10 percent. (b) Average day to maximum day demand factor equals 1.9. (c) Existing demands based on 2023 demands.
mgd = million gallons per day
The projections indicate that growth in demands is proportional to growth in planned development. The City’s average day demand is projected to approximately quadruple by buildout. These estimates provide the foundation for system capacity evaluation and capital improvement planning.

WATER SUPPLY AND SERVICING STRATEGY
As detailed in Chapter 4 of the WMPU, the City’s water supply portfolio includes both surface water and groundwater resources to ensure a balanced, redundant water supply. The existing surface water and groundwater supplies provide sufficient capacity for existing demands through the 15-year maximum day demand. After the 15-year time frame, the City would need to expand its water supply sources to meet future demands.

Long-term planning includes maintaining redundancy though maximizing available surface water through surface water agreements and continued sustainable groundwater use along with evaluating additional opportunities for future water sources. Future water source opportunities include increased use of recycled water as development occurs on the westside of the City, potential groundwater recharge, and aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) to ensure a sustainable groundwater basin.

The servicing strategy is designed to ensure:
• Adequate supply for projected maximum day demands through buildout. • Operational flexibility and redundancy.
• Consistency with contractual supply agreements and reliability targets.

SYSTEM CAPACITY AND PHASING PLAN
The hydraulic analyses performed as part of Chapters 7 and 8 of the WMPU evaluated transmission pipelines, pumping facilities, and storage needs to assess system performance under future growth scenarios. The analyses verified that planned facility improvements maintain required pressure and fire flow criteria throughout the service area.
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N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP C
Key elements of the phasing plan are listed below:
• Near-Term (0-5 years): Target reliability improvements and address localized deficiencies. • Mid-Term (5-15 years): Expand capacity to support development in Village 5 and other developments.
• Long-Term (15+ years): Complete storage, transmission, and booster improvements for buildout of the sphere of influence.

The phasing plan ensures that infrastructure expansion aligns with development pacing and funding availability. Coordination with developers is essential for phasing and cost allocation.

CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
The Capital Improvement Program (CIP) outlined in Chapter 10 of the WMPU identifies the projects necessary to address deficiencies, support new development, and maintain service reliability. Key elements include:
• New transmission pipelines to extend service to growth areas • Additional storage facilities to meet emergency and operational needs • Booster pump station improvements and inter-zone connections • Distribution system upgrades to enhance fire flow and reliability CIP projects were grouped into near-term, mid-term, and long-term implementation phases based on demand triggers and hydraulic priorities as shown on Figure 2. The CIP also provides planning-level cost estimates for guidance on budgeting and rate-setting purposes.

GROWTH AREA SERVICING STRATEGY
The growth area servicing strategy extends the existing 375 Pressure Zone, adds a new 450 Pressure Zone, and adds new facilities to efficiently serve planned developments. The servicing approach emphasizes:
• Hydraulic efficiency
• Redundancy and reliability
• Maintainability
Expansion of the system will occur incrementally in advance of development, guided by the hydraulic model and the City’s adopted master plan framework.
484
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1. The 450 Zone will be active with the
10 Year Phase.

2. Future facilities and pipelines are
preliminary and will require further
study and refinement by Project
proponents as future developments
move forward.

3. Only pipelines 12-inch diameter or greater
are included in the CIP.

4. Future improvements serving future
developments are recommended to be
funded by Project proponents.

5. All future groundwater wells are assumed
to be equipped with aquifer storage and
recovery (ASR) capability.

Phase Color Legend
Existing (No
Improvement)
Existing (Improvement)
5 Year
10 Year
15 Year
20 Year
Buildout
System Facilities
") Groundwater Well
2!!
Placer County Water
Agency Metering Station
Backup Power
[PS ±
Pump Station
XW
Pressure Reducing
Station
TU Storage Tank
Pipeline
Future Development
Lincoln 270
Village 1
Villages 2-4 and SUD-A
Village 5
Village 7
SUD-B
Village 6 and SUD-C
Boundaries
New 450 Pressure Zone
Existing City Limit
City Sphere of Influence
Figure 2
Recommended Capital
Improvement Projects
0 3,750 7,500
Feet
N City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Prepared by: Prepared for:

Fig 2_CIP: N:\Clients\206 City of Lincoln\60-24-56 Water Master Plan\GIS\Ch10_Lincoln_WMPU.aprx - ayan - 12/30/2025 485
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N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP C

STAFFING PLAN AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The staffing evaluation assesses current and future resource needs for the City’s Water Division. Staffing projections are based on the City’s growth in connections and benchmarked against similarsized agencies.

The evaluation methodology included the following:
• Evaluation of current staffing structure and responsibilities. • Review of projected connections and staffing benchmarks. • Development of a projected staffing plan.

The City’s current Water Division staff is undersized for the existing system and will also require expansion with future growth. The benchmarking performed using peer agencies indicates an optimal range of

0.7 to 1.1 full-time employees (FTE) per 1,000 connections; the City currently operates at 0.4 full-time employees per 1,000 connections. As the City continues to grow, staffing should adjust based on the connections being added. The future staffing should focus on distribution maintenance, water quality, customer service, and management support.

Attachment A provides a detailed review of the staffing evaluation performed.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Table 2 summarizes the key findings of the City’s System Servicing Plan based on the WMPU analyses. The findings confirm that, with implementation of planned infrastructure, supply strategies, and staffing adjustments, the City’s water system can reliability support projected growth through full buildout while maintaining service standards and operational resilience. 486
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N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP C
Table 2. Summary of Findings
Topic Summary of Findings
Planned Growth
Future development is primarily concentrated in Villages 1 and 5 within the next 20 years, with remaining Villages and Special Use Districts assumed to develop at long-term buildout. Growth assumptions are consistent with the City’s General Plan 2050 and Community Development input.

Water Demand Projections
Average day demand is projected to increase from approximately 9.0 mgd under existing conditions to approximately 35.3 mgd at buildout. Maximum day demand is projected to increase from 16.9 mgd to approximately 66.9 mgd. Demand projections include 10 percent non-revenue water and reflect land use-based development assumptions.

Water Supply Adequacy
The City’s existing surface water and groundwater supplies are sufficient to meet current demands. With planned system enhancements and supply management strategies, the City can reliably meet projected demands through buildout while maintaining redundancy and operational flexibility.

Long-Term Supply Strategy
Long-term planning emphasizes maximizing surface water use, sustainable groundwater management, and evaluating supplemental strategies such as recycled water expansion, groundwater recharge, and ASR to enhance supply reliability.

System Capacity
Hydraulic modeling confirms that, with implementation of recommended improvements, the system can maintain required pressure and fire flow criteria under future demand conditions throughout the service area.

Infrastructure Phasing
Capital improvements are phased to align with development timing, address near-term reliability and deficiencies, expand mid-term capacity for planned growth areas, and complete long-term facility improvements required for full buildout of the sphere of influence.

Capital Improvement
Program
The recommended CIP identifies transmission, storage, pumping, and distribution improvements necessary to support growth and maintain service reliability.

Projects are prioritized based on hydraulic need and demand triggers, with growth-related improvements anticipated to be funded by project proponents where applicable.

Growth Area Servicing
Future development will be served through extension of the existing 375 Pressure Zone and implementation of a new 450 Pressure Zone. The servicing strategy emphasizes hydraulic efficiency, redundancy, and incremental expansion consistent with development phasing.

Staffing Needs
Existing Water Division staffing levels are undersized for the current system and will require incremental increases as connections grow. Benchmarking indicates a target staffing range of approximately 0.7 to 1.1 FTEs per 1,000 connections to maintain reliable operations and regulatory compliance of the water system through buildout.
487
Detailed Review of the Staffing Evaluation Performed
Attachment A
488
Attachment A
Detailed Review of the Staffing Evaluation Performed
A-1 N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP C

BACKGROUND
As the City of Lincoln continues to expand toward buildout, the Water Department must plan for a corresponding increase in staffing to maintain reliable operation, maintenance, and regulatory compliance. The City’s projected growth will be driven primarily by residential development— approximately 97 percent of future water connections are expected to be single-family residential units.

The number of projected residential water connections was derived from Table A, which summarizes future development by housing type and density. Each dwelling unit in the country estates, low-, and medium density residential categories was assumed to correspond to one water service connection. These projections were aggregated in five-year increments through buildout to estimate total future water service connections.

As new developments are constructed, additional water infrastructure—such as mains, valves, meters, hydrants, and backflow devices—will be added to the system, requiring additional maintenance and operational effort. Accordingly, Lincoln’s Water Department must scale staffing levels proportionally with the number of service connections to sustain service quality, maintain system integrity, and meet regulatory requirements.

BENCHMARKING AND COMPARABLE SYSTEMS
To estimate future staffing needs, benchmarking was performed using data from comparable California water utilities, summarized in Table B. The comparable cities include the cities of Roseville, Tracy, Yuba City, and Woodland. These systems were selected for their similar service population, anticipated growth trajectory, and operational structure. Key factors for each of the comparable cities were considered and normalized to the operations of Lincoln in order to provide an apple-to-apples comparison. For example, water treatment staff for the City of Roseville were not contained in the total number of staff, to better represent the fact that Lincoln does not operate a surface water treatment plant.

While there is no universal industry standard for water department staffing, benchmarking studies— including those from the American Water Works Association (AWWA)—indicate that the ratio of water staff per 1,000 water connections is a widely used and reasonable metric for comparing system staffing efficiency. This analysis of comparable systems demonstrated that a correlation exists between the number of staff per 1,000 water connections and overall system size and complexity.

For example:
• The City of Roseville, which serves approximately 52,000 connections, maintains roughly

0.8 water department employees per 1,000 connections.
• The City of Tracy, with approximately 25,000 connections, operates with about 0.9 employees per 1,000 connections.

Of the comparable systems it is important to recognize the relevance and reliability of the Roseville data as a benchmark: Roseville is geographically adjacent to Lincoln and has experienced growth since the 1990’s to current buildout very analogous to the projected growth of Lincoln (a doubling of the water system connections to buildout).
489
Attachment A
City of Lincoln Department Staffing Growth Approach
A-2 N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP C
These benchmarks provide a credible basis for projecting Lincoln’s staffing needs as the system expands.

Using this relationship allows Lincoln to rationalize future staffing levels in proportion to growth in water connections, while considering operational efficiency and budget constraints. As shown in Table B, the City of Lincoln is currently at a 0.4 FTEs per 1,000 connections. This is based on a total of 10 FTEs (eight FTEs in the Water Division and approximately two FTEs in the Streets Division) and approximately 25,000 existing connections.

Recommendations
The results of the staffing projection analysis are summarized in Table C. The table presents the recommended number of full-time equivalent (FTE) staff additions in five-year increments through buildout, based on projected growth in water service connections. As the City water system expands from roughly 25,000 connections to over 58,000 connections at buildout and applying the benchmark of 0.8 FTEs per 1,000 connections, the City Water Division staff should be increased from 10 FTEs to 47 FTEs.

This projection applies the benchmark ratio derived from comparable utilities (staff per 1,000 water connections) to Lincoln’s projected total connections at each interval. The analysis anticipates a steady increase in staffing over time to align with the pace of development, ensuring adequate operational capacity as new infrastructure is commissioned.

Key recommendations include:
• Incrementally increasing staff levels in five-year intervals to match system growth. • Targeting a staffing ratio consistent with efficient, full-service utilities such as Roseville and Tracy.
• Reassessing staffing projections periodically to reflect updated growth forecasts, technology improvements, and operational efficiencies.
• Using the projected staffing plan to inform future budget planning and rate-setting efforts, ensuring sustainable operations throughout Lincoln’s expansion period. • Periodically assess the City Water Division and Streets Division structure as continued growth will require specialized positions that may ultimately need to be managed under one department.

By adopting a data-driven approach tied to projected water connections and validated by peer system benchmarks, the City of Lincoln can responsibly plan and justify future staffing additions that support reliable water service delivery to a growing community. 490
Attachment A
City of Lincoln Department Staffing Growth Approach
A-3 N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP C
Table A. Excerpt from Table 3.9 as Basis for Operational Staffing Projection Residential Connections 2023-2028 2029-2033 2034-2038 2039-2043 2044-2050 Country/Low Density Estates 154 457 955 1,652 3,383
Low Density Residential 2,074 4,374 5,867 6,987 18,372
Medium Density Residential 1,044 3,306 5,543 5,608 13,701 Total 3,272 8,137 12,365 14,247 35,456
Total Per 5 year Increment 3,272 4,865 4,228 1,882 21,209 Total Connections 25,957 30,822 35,050 36,932 58,141
Source: Table 3.9 Water Master Plan Update 2025
Table B. Comparable Water Systems
System No. FTEs
No. Connections
(1,000s)
FTEs per 1,000
Connections
City of Roseville 42 56 0.8
City of Woodland 17.5 18 1.0
City of Yuba 16 19 0.8
City of Tracy 27 28 1.0
City of Lincoln 10 25 0.4
Sources:

City of Roseville Environmental Utilities Department, Water Division - 2025 City of Woodland Public Works Engineering Department - 2025 City of Yuba City Public Works Engineering Department - 2025 City of Tracy Public Works Department - 2025
City of Lincoln Public Works Department - 2025
491
A-4 N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP C
Table C. City of Lincoln Water and Streets Divisions - Staffing Projection Through City Buildout Item Current Planned Division Other Resources Needed Notes Position to Add Year Range/Connections Added/Total Connections
(a)
2023-2028/3,272 2029-2033/4,865 2034-2038/4,228 2039-2043/1,882 2044-2050/21,209 25,957 30,822 35,050 36,932 58,141
Full-Time Equivalents (FTEs) to Add Per 5-Year Increment Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition System (SCADA) TESCO Water Division dedicated staff Water/Streets Cyber training - Instrument Tech 1 - 2 1 - Residential Meter Testing &
Meter Repair City of Sac Water Division dedicated staff Water/Streets Meter Test Bench - Meter Tech/
Certified Distribution
Operator
1 1 1 - 1
Development Support
(Warranty Inspections, New
Meter Installations, System
Tie-Ins and Shutdowns
Ad Hoc from
Water or Streets
based on
availability
Water Division
dedicated staff Water/Streets -
In response to robust
development in the City
Certified Distribution
Operator 1 - 1 - 2
Administrative Support Shared Water Division
dedicated staff Water/Streets -
Admin can be assigned to
Metering Program Support (AMI)
Administrative
Assistant - 1 - 1 1
Bacteriological Sampling Third party lab Water Division dedicated staff Water/Streets Field sampling stations
Distribution sampling stations
added as City grows per DDW
water system permit. This will
include water quality reporting.

Certified Distribution
Operator - 1 - - 1
Backflow Testing Water Division Water Division
dedicated staff Water/Streets -
Backflow quantity increases as
City grows
Certified Backflow
Tester - - 2 - 1
Metering Program Support
(AMI) None Water Division dedicated staff Water/Streets - This support can be done by
adding admin staff
See Administrative
Support - - 1 1 -
Recycled Water Program None Water Division
dedicated staff Water/Streets Consultant support City expansion of RW system and desire for groundwater recharge Certified Backflow
Tester/Cross
Connection Specialist
1 - - - 1
Water Conservation and
Regulatory-Driven
Community Outreach
None Water Division
dedicated staff Water/Streets - - Analyst 1 - - - 1
Groundwater Program
(Operations, Maintenance,
ASR)
Water Division
dedicated staff
Water Division
dedicated staff Water/Streets -
Project 10 more wells and two
storage tanks added to system
through buildout
Certified Treatment
and Distribution
Operator
- 1 - 1 2
Inventory Control
(Warehousing) None
Water Division
dedicated staff
(or shared staff)
Water/Streets
Warehousing software
integrated into
Computerized
Maintenance Management
System (CMMS). Training.
-
Analyst who
understands water
infrastructure
1 - - 1 -
CMMS and Asset
Management None Water Division dedicated staff Water/Streets - Work orders supported via
scheduling and job-kitting
Maintenance
Coordinator 1 - 1 - -
Pressure Reducing Valves
(PRVs), Control Valves None Water Division dedicated staff Water/Streets - Increased system complexity
from City growth requires
specialized skills to balance
potential new pressure zones
Certified Distribution
Operator - 1 - - 1
492
A-5 N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP C
Table C. City of Lincoln Water and Streets Divisions - Staffing Projection Through City Buildout Item Current Planned Division Other Resources Needed Notes Position to Add Year Range/Connections Added/Total Connections
(a)
2023-2028/3,272 2029-2033/4,865 2034-2038/4,228 2039-2043/1,882 2044-2050/21,209 25,957 30,822 35,050 36,932 58,141
Full-Time Equivalents (FTEs) to Add Per 5-Year Increment Distribution System
Maintenance (Leak Repairs,
Main Flushing, Valve
Exercising, Hydrant
Maintenance)
Behind
schedule, no
formal program
in place
Water Division
dedicated staff Water/Streets
Portable or truck-mounted,
electric or hydraulic valve
operators
Worker safety Certified Distribution
Operator 2 1 1 - 2
Large Meter Testing None Water Division
dedicated staff Water/Streets Contract with large meter test bench - Certified Distribution
Operator - 1 - 1 -
Groundwater Program
Management (Includes All
GW Quality and Engineering
Needs)
None Engineering Water/Streets Consultant support Studies and approach needed Engineer - - 1 - 2 Total FTEs Projected Per 5-Year Increment 9 7 10 6 15
(a) Total water connections projections shown in Table B. 493
Calibration Results
Appendix D
494
Appendix D
Calibration Results (7/11/24)
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP
D-1 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update

LOWER ZONES RESULTS

T
W S T

495
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Calibration Results (7/11/24)
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP
D-2 City of Lincoln
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T
T

T T L O

496
Appendix D
Calibration Results (7/11/24)
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D-3 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update

T T L O

497
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Calibration Results (7/11/24)
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP
D-4 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update

T
W

T
W W

498
Appendix D
Calibration Results (7/11/24)
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP
D-5 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update

T
W

499
Appendix D
Calibration Results (7/11/24)
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP
D-6 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update

T
W N

T
S R

500
Appendix D
Calibration Results (7/11/24)
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP
D-7 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update

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S R

T
T R

501
Appendix D
Calibration Results (7/11/24)
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP
D-8 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update

T
E R

502
Appendix D
Calibration Results (7/11/24)
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP
D-9 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update

N ZONES RESULTS

T
T

T
S

503
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Calibration Results (7/11/24)
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP
D-10 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update

T
R

504
Appendix D
Calibration Results (7/11/24)
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP
D-11 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update

N ZONES RESULTS

T
T

T
R

505
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Calibration Results (7/11/24)
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP
D-12 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update

T
R

506
HPR Results
Appendix E
507
Appendix E
HPR Results (7/11/24)
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP
E-1 City of Lincoln
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LOWER ZONES RESULTS

T
E R W
Z

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Z

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HPR Results (7/11/24)
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T
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Z

509
Appendix E
HPR Results (7/11/24)
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Z

510
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Z

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E R S
Z

511
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HPR Results (7/11/24)
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E-5 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update

E R T W
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T
E R T
Z

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Appendix E
HPR Results (7/11/24)
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E-6 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update

E R S W
Z

E R L R L
Z

513
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HPR Results (7/11/24)
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Z

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Z

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HPR Results (7/11/24)
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP
E-8 City of Lincoln
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HPR Results (7/11/24)
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HPR Results (7/11/24)
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E R E
Z

517
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HPR Results (7/11/24)
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E-11 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update

E R W T
Z

518
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HPR Results (7/11/24)
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E-12 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update

N ZONES RESULTS

T
E R
Z

519
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HPR Results (7/11/24)
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E-13 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update

N ZONES RESULTS

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520
10-Year Pipeline Rehabilitation and Replacement
Program Details
Appendix F
521
Appendix F. 10-Year Pipeline R&R Program
Pipeline ID Length, ft Diameter. Inches Replacement Year 8198 1 4 2025
8856 6 4 2025
2130 380 4 2025
824 4 4 2025
1188 65 4 2025
4316 408 4 2025
822 4 4 2025
1190 54 4 2025
8214 1 4 2025
812 364 4 2025
3618 10 4 2025
3637 2 4 2025
1223 427 4 2025
8175 5 4 2025
1305 7 4 2025
863 1 4 2025
4087 32 2 2025
6806 6 4 2025
3632 306 4 2025
2170 18 4 2025
3920 383 4 2025
503 81 4 2025
4077 21 2 2025
4078 28 2 2025
8533 132 2 2025
3471 16 4 2025
8212 13 4 2025
8215 12 4 2025
1025 334 4 2025
8487 2 6 2025
8197 2 6 2025
4805 55 6 2025
3699 25 6 2025
3738 200 6 2025
1606 4 6 2025
2053 14 6 2025
3614 81 6 2025
8195 11 6 2025
8196 4 6 2025
8216 3 4 2025
2086 60 6 2025
792 319 4 2025
1023 134 4 2025
791 22 4 2025
4302 278 6 2025
New Pipeline (2nd Street) 984 14 2025
6600 25 4 2026
6598 6 4 2026
772 21 6 2026
1024 56 4 2026
6623 4 6 2026
6624 396 6 2026
4190 253 4 2026
3643 56 6 2026
4164 26 6 2026
2132 324 6 2026
9702 4 6 2026
4575 5 6 2026
4201 82 6 2026
2176 33 4 2026
3931 1 6 2026
6629 97 6 2026
6630 90 6 2026
2175 299 4 2026
11045 9 4 2026
9762 4 6 2026
9706 10 6 2026
1607 173 6 2026
3616 1 6 2026
3617 1 6 2026
3615 44 6 2026
6622 141 6 2026
823 12 6 2026
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-APP F Page 1 of 8
City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Last Revised: 12-02-24522
Appendix F. 10-Year Pipeline R&R Program
Pipeline ID Length, ft Diameter. Inches Replacement Year 8186 4 6 2026
472 321 6 2026
1774 34 6 2026
6616 47 6 2026
6621 1 6 2026
1931 76 6 2026
1225 273 6 2026
1222 310 6 2026
8434 1 4 2026
8435 2 4 2026
526 436 4 2026
504 108 4 2026
1300 292 4 2026
505 4 4 2026
5337 22 4 2026
8164 425 4 2026
8163 26 6 2026
6665 42 4 2026
1221 3 6 2026
1224 2 4 2026
4186 3 6 2026
1165 9 6 2026
1633 327 4 2026
1301 2 4 2026
8182 13 4 2026
1625 32 4 2026
6606 340 6 2026
1624 176 6 2027
4191 30 6 2027
8218 2 4 2027
8174 1 4 2027
8173 1 4 2027
1083 358 6 2027
1626 2 6 2027
1627 2 6 2027
1631 3 6 2027
579 245 6 2027
445 83 4 2027
532 4 6 2027
2579 453 4 2027
3638 15 6 2027
6605 2 6 2027
1623 2 4 2027
1621 1 4 2027
1620 5 6 2027
1622 418 4 2027
2148 54 6 2027
8650 1 4 2027
8651 5 4 2027
781 5 4 2027
782 22 4 2027
1619 305 6 2027
8219 2 4 2027
1226 52 4 2027
8176 53 4 2027
5049 281 4 2027
454 56 6 2027
4525 26 6 2027
8181 3 6 2027
8185 2 4 2027
1087 6 4 2027
2209 5 6 2027
4520 2 6 2027
1088 4 6 2027
5048 9 6 2027
5318 5 4 2027
2084 31 4 2027
8165 2 4 2027
2573 44 6 2027
4526 281 6 2027
862 362 6 2027
4189 414 6 2027
4518 465 6 2027
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-APP F Page 2 of 8
City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Last Revised: 12-02-24523
Appendix F. 10-Year Pipeline R&R Program
Pipeline ID Length, ft Diameter. Inches Replacement Year 6607 487 6 2027
4527 296 6 2027
1079 14 6 2027
1067 1 4 2027
3094 59 6 2027
3095 28 6 2027
3196 306 6 2027
3610 55 6 2028
6617 485 4 2028
2144 485 4 2028
783 324 4 2028
785 469 4 2028
2578 26 6 2028
4317 439 6 2028
4315 456 6 2028
3563 52 10 2028
4203 63 8 2028
382 55 6 2028
829 18 6 2028
6592 204 8 2028
4318 436 6 2028
6615 405 6 2028
4303 436 6 2028
4181 595 8 2028
2119 3 8 2028
335 2 8 2028
1889 1 12 2028
6601 11 8 2028
280 4 6 2028
6608 356 14 2028
4517 67 14 2029
1230 277 14 2029
279 224 6 2029
1929 178 8 2029
4187 237 14 2029
805 232 14 2029
831 184 14 2029
8220 1 6 2029
806 105 14 2029
727 324 10 2029
2020 131 10 2029
3564 161 10 2029
2230 102 10 2029
726 1 10 2029
5050 226 10 2029
2111 433 10 2029
1890 1 10 2029
3642 127 8 2029
3558 190 6 2029
6590 85 8 2029
6591 37 8 2029
3557 376 8 2029
4183 38 4 2029
4156 5 8 2029
4179 1 8 2029
5042 21 8 2029
4510 6 8 2029
4295 85 8 2029
4309 5 8 2029
4308 5 8 2029
5039 5 8 2029
4182 68 12 2029
8858 95 16 2029
8859 54 8 2029
8172 13 6 2029
4519 2 6 2029
8217 1 6 2029
6618 480 6 2029
2137 385 8 2029
8014 244 8 2029
1029 13 8 2029
3636 2 6 2029
6599 382 6 2029
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-APP F Page 3 of 8
City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Last Revised: 12-02-24524
Appendix F. 10-Year Pipeline R&R Program
Pipeline ID Length, ft Diameter. Inches Replacement Year 6612 65 6 2029
8500 1,043 8 2029
6610 15 6 2029
6609 393 6 2029
811 32 6 2029
2136 349 6 2029
2083 53 6 2029
230 427 6 2029
859 12 6 2030
2255 62 6 2030
1086 21 6 2030
6594 61 8 2030
6593 38 8 2030
2134 15 8 2030
8486 15 8 2030
2206 188 8 2030
4180 247 8 2030
2205 312 8 2030
3205 241 8 2030
1610 517 8 2030
8034 1 6 2030
1070 240 6 2030
1078 33 6 2030
1069 1 6 2030
8119 3 6 2030
1990 1 6 2030
3781 21 6 2030
3787 140 6 2030
2149 139 6 2030
8138 28 6 2030
3789 318 6 2030
2171 2 6 2030
3790 9 6 2030
618 179 6 2030
1973 3 6 2030
8137 29 8 2030
4529 139 8 2030
766 238 8 2030
4086 302 6 2030
3784 257 6 2030
8118 246 6 2030
4807 1 6 2030
5124 2 6 2030
4806 26 6 2030
1077 14 6 2030
1076 304 6 2030
1068 303 6 2030
1075 335 6 2030
1618 25 6 2030
4099 9 6 2030
4095 260 6 2030
4102 294 6 2030
273 3 6 2030
2060 279 6 2030
4100 230 6 2030
4101 40 6 2030
3608 480 6 2030
1160 267 6 2030
1161 32 6 2030
3630 29 6 2030
3631 236 6 2030
2182 112 6 2030
2181 4 6 2030
2203 2 6 2030
6632 2 6 2030
2201 1 6 2030
3395 4 6 2030
3611 3 6 2030
1163 2 6 2030
3626 4 8 2030
3924 32 8 2030
7205 1 6 2030
3621 3 6 2030
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-APP F Page 4 of 8
City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Last Revised: 12-02-24525
Appendix F. 10-Year Pipeline R&R Program
Pipeline ID Length, ft Diameter. Inches Replacement Year 3926 2 6 2030
1162 2 8 2030
3394 67 6 2030
3622 324 6 2030
6631 144 6 2030
3623 197 6 2031
2200 215 6 2031
3612 244 6 2031
2197 90 6 2031
3925 256 6 2031
3624 309 6 2031
3613 150 6 2031
3627 187 8 2031
3620 61 6 2031
7206 95 8 2031
3635 92 6 2031
3923 3 8 2031
3629 392 8 2031
3634 237 8 2031
3633 291 8 2031
3628 202 8 2031
6633 96 6 2031
6625 427 6 2031
2173 176 6 2031
2172 15 6 2031
8203 32 6 2031
8532 175 6 2031
3619 25 8 2031
7842 374 6 2031
1752 594 6 2031
893 65 8 2031
1615 4 8 2031
1800 71 8 2031
8156 28 8 2031
8178 1 6 2031
4184 1,566 6 2031
887 262 8 2031
8177 53 6 2031
8857 293 20 2031
8180 47 8 2031
11046 10 6 2031
8210 6 10 2031
2180 2 6 2031
821 2 6 2031
8224 2 6 2031
5313 2 6 2031
8121 1 6 2031
1977 5 8 2031
3473 15 8 2031
825 48 10 2031
3472 9 8 2031
2102 20 6 2031
7843 30 6 2031
8199 3 6 2031
4299 22 6 2031
4165 2 6 2031
8211 6 8 2031
3625 4 8 2031
2202 2 6 2031
9737 4 6 2031
6595 4 6 2031
282 32 6 2031
3788 12 6 2031
4530 26 8 2031
755 1 8 2031
6626 26 6 2031
7911 1 10 2031
11044 15 6 2031
8171 4 6 2031
4521 5 6 2031
4654 5 6 2031
1164 9 6 2031
5492 44 6 2031
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-APP F Page 5 of 8
City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Last Revised: 12-02-24526
Appendix F. 10-Year Pipeline R&R Program
Pipeline ID Length, ft Diameter. Inches Replacement Year 5047 438 8 2032
2204 250 6 2032
8485 1,159 8 2032
3922 4 6 2032
1918 40 6 2032
6603 4 8 2032
2229 6 8 2032
2071 11 8 2032
4192 459 8 2032
4193 394 6 2032
1059 62 8 2032
1643 379 8 2032
6657 6 8 2032
2079 2 8 2032
8153 39 8 2032
3912 1 12 2032
3195 190 8 2032
8424 5 8 2032
8425 220 8 2032
5329 69 12 2032
1975 2 8 2032
529 2 18 2032
527 66 8 2032
8183 12 8 2032
2082 40 6 2032
2081 278 6 2032
1082 367 6 2032
1022 1 6 2032
1021 1 6 2032
1018 81 6 2032
275 297 6 2032
1081 43 6 2032
1080 241 6 2032
274 47 6 2032
272 86 6 2032
278 1 6 2032
1020 1 6 2032
1019 1 6 2032
4172 286 8 2032
5041 145 8 2032
8004 2 8 2032
6611 13 6 2032
2063 267 6 2032
2067 4 6 2032
2066 13 6 2032
2064 4 6 2032
1200 253 8 2032
2121 221 6 2032
4096 261 6 2032
8166 44 8 2032
3204 4 16 2032
6613 92 14 2032
6584 2 6 2032
5484 188 18 2032
6614 7 8 2032
8191 83 8 2032
8490 143 12 2032
5340 5 8 2032
4089 1 8 2032
4088 1 8 2032
802 206 6 2032
4170 40 8 2032
4171 2 8 2032
804 162 6 2032
827 136 8 2032
2244 41 8 2032
2243 100 8 2032
2120 455 8 2032
2068 26 10 2032
1378 4 6 2032
1343 5 8 2032
832 241 10 2032
229 243 6 2032
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-APP F Page 6 of 8
City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Last Revised: 12-02-24527
Appendix F. 10-Year Pipeline R&R Program
Pipeline ID Length, ft Diameter. Inches Replacement Year 834 45 10 2032
833 182 10 2032
2065 248 10 2032
1531 234 10 2032
4084 224 6 2032
4085 544 14 2032
271 265 10 2033
2080 251 8 2033
270 242 10 2033
2077 488 8 2033
4092 234 10 2033
2075 25 8 2033
2076 476 8 2033
4091 63 10 2033
1017 2 10 2033
2061 1 8 2033
1588 177 8 2033
8488 13 6 2033
2078 2 8 2033
2237 350 10 2033
1379 478 8 2033
845 67 8 2033
2238 2 8 2033
2239 1 10 2033
828 26 10 2033
1591 2 6 2033
2122 1 8 2033
2123 255 8 2033
2236 412 10 2033
1589 106 8 2033
1590 172 6 2033
2107 174 8 2033
4090 312 8 2033
768 40 8 2033
4098 174 6 2033
4097 266 6 2033
1614 6 6 2033
4094 121 6 2033
4093 162 6 2033
801 162 6 2033
3698 1 24 2033
5338 0 18 2033
3783 10 6 2033
8144 7 24 2033
3782 308 24 2033
1989 1 6 2033
8143 1 8 2033
4208 56 8 2033
3938 2 8 2033
3939 1 24 2033
5339 550 24 2033
4162 5 8 2033
5341 2 8 2033
3411 6 8 2033
10639 13 24 2033
5033 22 4 2033
8478 2 14 2033
3393 356 24 2033
9316 61 24 2033
2157 382 6 2033
8213 12 14 2033
4655 124 14 2033
581 7 14 2033
3857 255 6 2033
3474 27 6 2033
2155 524 14 2033
11380 5 14 2033
2156 59 14 2033
4076 258 14 2033
4075 7 14 2033
506 2 6 2033
8497 51 6 2033
6666 45 14 2033
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-APP F Page 7 of 8
City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Last Revised: 12-02-24528
Appendix F. 10-Year Pipeline R&R Program
Pipeline ID Length, ft Diameter. Inches Replacement Year 1159 2 6 2033
4082 2 6 2033
4081 276 6 2033
6667 85 14 2033
11994 222 14 2033
4083 102 6 2033
4080 165 6 2033
533 5 6 2033
1157 114 6 2033
4079 2 6 2033
1158 1 6 2033
1340 2 6 2033
586 217 6 2033
587 118 6 2033
7196 1 8 2033
7832 60 8 2033
4608 5 8 2033
4647 128 12 2033
3917 1 8 2033
6658 417 8 2033
4070 5 8 2034
4068 131 12 2034
4073 79 8 2034
4072 178 8 2034
5306 123 12 2034
3849 133 8 2034
8522 689 8 2034
8523 689 8 2034
7195 155 12 2034
8903 82 8 2034
11379 4 6 2034
11378 15 6 2034
2150 5 14 2034
1085 5 14 2034
1335 45 14 2034
1228 1 8 2034
1227 1 8 2034
1229 28 14 2034
1899 4 10 2034
2036 3 10 2034
2072 2 8 2034
724 5 10 2034
2112 2 8 2034
725 9 10 2034
846 3 10 2034
4173 4 8 2034
4176 355 8 2034
5467 251 12 2034
8474 4 12 2034
5156 2 14 2034
5157 2 14 2034
1616 173 8 2034
8484 19 8 2034
5165 2 12 2034
5163 3 8 2034
5164 1 8 2034
1741 2 8 2034
5475 1 8 2034
8146 3 12 2034
5155 1,025 24 2034
5314 3 14 2034
1199 31 6 2034
2058 3 8 2034
4104 130 6 2034
323 226 8 2034
1613 3 6 2034
723 39 8 2034
728 446 8 2034
722 254 8 2034
719 30 8 2034
1597 852 16 2034
2124 23 16 2034
2100 623 16 2034
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-APP F Page 8 of 8
City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Last Revised: 12-02-24529
Cost Estimating Assumptions
Appendix G
530
Appendix G
Cost Estimating Assumptions
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP H
G-1 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
This appendix details West Yost’s assumptions for estimating probable construction costs for the recommended water system facilities. Construction costs were developed based on a combination of data supplied by manufacturers, published industry standard cost data and curves, construction costs for similar facilities built by the City of Lincoln (City) and/or other public agencies, and construction costs previously estimated by West Yost for similar facilities with similar construction cost indexes.

The costs presented in this appendix are for construction only and do not include estimating or construction uncertainties (e.g., variations in final quantities) or cost estimates for engineering, legal services, environmental review, inspections, and/or contract administration. Some of these items are referred to as contingency costs and are addressed in the last section of this appendix. It should also be noted that the construction costs presented in this appendix represent capital infrastructure costs and do not include costs for purchase of additional surface water supplies, supply reliability, or operation and maintenance.

All estimated construction costs have been adjusted to reflect August 2025 dollars based on the construction cost index (CCI) of 20-cities average (13913.52). These costs should be used for conceptual cost estimates only and should be updated regularly. Construction costs presented in this appendix are not intended to represent the lowest prices in the industry for each type of construction or higher costs based on current supply-chain issues and/or construction volatility experienced in 2021 and 2022; rather they are representative of average or typical construction costs.

These planning-level construction cost estimates have been prepared for guidance in evaluating various facility improvement options and are intended only for budgetary purposes within the context of this master planning effort. Cost estimates prepared for this master planning effort are developed in accordance with the guidelines of the Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering (AACE) International for a Class 5 Estimate. AACE International defines a Class 5 Estimate in the following manner:

Class 5 Estimate: This estimate is prepared based on limited information, where little more than proposed plant type, its location, and the capacity are known. Strategic planning purposes include, but are not limited to, market studies, assessment of viability, evaluation of alternate schemes, project screening, location and evaluation of resource needs and budgeting, and long-range capital planning. Examples of estimating methods used would include cost/capacity curves and factors, scale up factors, and parametric and modeling techniques. Typically, little time is expended in the development of this estimate. The expected accuracy ranges for this class estimate are –20 to – 50 percent on the low side and +30 to +100 percent on the high side.

The following sections of this appendix describe the assumptions used to estimate the probable construction costs for the planning and design of recommended water system facilities for the City’s water system:
• Water System Construction Costs
• Contingency Costs
531
Appendix G
Cost Estimating Assumptions
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP H
G-2 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update

WATER SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION COSTS
The following sections present the construction cost estimates used to project probable construction costs for recommended water system facilities in the City’s water system and are categorized by type of improvement, including the following:
• Potable Water Pipelines
• Treated Water Storage Tanks
• Treated Water Booster Pump Stations
• Groundwater Production Wells
• Aquifer Storage and Recovery Wells
• Pressure or Flow Regulating Stations and Valves
• Backup Power Generators Plug-In Adaptors
Potable Water Pipelines
Unit construction costs for potable water pipelines 8- through 20-inches in diameter are provided in Table 1. These unit costs are categorized by typical pipeline construction either in developed areas (e.g., in urban or suburban roads) or undeveloped areas (e.g., across open fields or in rural roads) and are representative of pipeline construction under common or normal conditions. Special or difficult conditions would increase costs significantly.

The unit construction costs presented below are based on recent bids provided by the City and generally include pipeline materials, trenching, placing and jointing pipe, valves, fittings, hydrants, service connections, placing imported pipe bedding, native backfill material, and partial asphalt pavement replacement, if required. However, the costs presented in Table 1 do not include jacking and boring pipe or constructing boring and receiving pits. Jack and bore costs are shown in Table 2 and should be added where required.

Table 1. Unit Construction Costs for Pipelines(a)
Pipeline Size
Unit Construction Cost, dollars/linear foot(b)
Developed Areas Undeveloped Areas
8-inch diameter 490 320
12-inch diameter 680 485
16-inch diameter 825 640
18-inch diameter 885 690
20-inch diameter 935 670
24-inch diameter 1070 840
30-inch diameter 1260 1090
(a) Based on August 2025 CCI of 20-cities average (13913.52). (b) Estimated construction costs do not reflect an adjustment to account for the current economic bidding climate. 532
Appendix G
Cost Estimating Assumptions
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP H
G-3 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Table 2. Unit Construction Costs for Jack and Bore(a)
Pipeline Size Unit Construction Cost, dollars/linear foot(b) 12-inch diameter (24-inch diameter casing) 1,070
16-inch diameter (30-inch diameter casing) 1,335
18-inch diameter (32-inch diameter casing) 1,420
24-inch diameter (36-inch diameter casing) 1,605
(a) Based on August 2025 CCI of 20-cities average (13913.52). (b) Estimated construction costs do not reflect an adjustment to account for the current economic bidding climate.

Treated Water Storage Reservoirs
Table 3 summarizes the estimated construction costs for treated water storage reservoirs between the size range of 1.0 to 4.0 MG. These costs generally include the installation of the storage reservoirs, site piping, earthwork, paving, instrumentation, and related sitework. These costs are representative of construction under normal excavation and foundation conditions and would be significantly higher for special or difficult foundation requirements.

Table 3. Construction Costs for Treated Water Storage Tanks(a) Capacity, MG
Estimated Construction Cost, million dollars(b)
Above-ground Concrete Above-ground Steel

1.0 3.6 2.6

2.0 4.7 3.5

3.0 6.0 4.4

4.0 7.1 5.3

5.0 8.2 6.4

6.0 9.4 7.3
(a) Based on August 2025 CCI of 20-cities average (13913.52). (b) Estimated construction costs do not reflect an adjustment to account for the current economic bidding climate.

Treated Water Pump Stations
Pump stations may be required to lift water to the operating hydraulic grade of the City’s pressure zones.

Estimated construction costs for pump stations, as shown in Table 4, are based on enclosed stations with architectural and landscaping treatment suitable for residential areas. Pump station costs can vary considerably, depending on architectural design, pumping head, and pumping capacity. Therefore, these costs presented below are representative of construction under common or normal conditions and would be significantly higher for special or difficult conditions.

Pump station cost estimates include the installation of the pumps, site piping, earthwork, paving, a chemical feed system (hypochlorite), on site backup/standby power generator, SCADA, and related sitework. 533
Appendix G
Cost Estimating Assumptions
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP H
G-4 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Table 4. Construction Costs for Pump Stations(a)
Firm Capacity, mgd(b) Estimated Construction Cost, million dollars(c)

0.5 1.5
1 1.5
2 1.7
3 1.9
4 2.2
5 2.5

6.5 2.8
(a) Based on August 2025 CCI of 20-cities average (13913.52). (b) Equal to the total pumping capacity with the largest pump out of service or on standby. (c) Estimated construction costs do not reflect an adjustment to account for the current economic bidding climate.

Groundwater Production Wells
Well construction costs are based on construction activities including pilot hole drilling, water quality/soil sampling, pilot hole reaming, well construction, well development and providing the necessary housing, pump, motor, automatic control equipment, discharge piping, SCADA, and disinfection equipment.

Construction costs for new groundwater wells are estimated to be approximately $2,244,295 per well (assuming a well capacity between 100 gallons per minute [gpm] and 500 gpm). These estimates are based on recent bids for similarly sized wells and representative of construction under normal drilling conditions.

Costs would be significantly higher for special or difficult locations, or if specialized wellhead treatment is required.

Aquifer Storage and Recovery Wells
Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) wells are used to inject treated surface water into a suitable aquifer during times when surplus water is available. The same wells are used to withdraw the stored water from the aquifer when other supplies are limited. ASR well construction costs include the construction of the ASR well; all required civil, mechanical, and electrical equipment; above ground facilities (i.e., masonry building); conveyance pipelines; ASR flow control valves, piping, and mechanical and controls; and one monitoring well. Cost of land purchase or lease is not included.

Construction costs for new ASR wells are estimated to be approximately $2,881,100 per well assuming an 18-inch diameter well (constructed to a depth of 500 feet), conveyance pipeline length of 200 feet, and one monitoring well (constructed to a depth of 500 feet). These estimates are based on construction costs from West Yost’s expertise with ASR wells and information from other public agencies and are representative of construction under normal drilling conditions. Costs would be significantly higher for special or difficult locations, or if specialized wellhead treatment is required. 534
Appendix G
Cost Estimating Assumptions
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP H
G-5 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
Pressure or Flow Regulating Stations and Valves
Interconnections (i.e., pressure regulating stations or check valves) are required to provide water supply between pressure zones during peak demands and/or emergency conditions. The construction cost for a new pressure regulating station or an existing pressure regulating station upgrade under normal conditions is estimated to be approximately $323,195. The construction cost for a new pressure regulating station or an existing pressure regulating station upgrade under special or difficult conditions (e.g., construction in high traffic areas) is estimated to be approximately $406,630. The construction cost for a new check valve connection is estimated to be approximately $7,395, should it be deemed necessary with the installation of PRV stations but are not required.

Construction cost estimates for a pressure regulating station include the installation of control valve(s), a concrete utility vault, access hatches, site piping, earthwork, paving, SCADA, and related sitework.

Backup Power Generators Plug-In Adaptors
On-site backup power plug-in adaptors and transfer switches are recommended so pumps can continue delivering water to the distribution system in the event of a power outage. Generators should be sized to meet the power demands of the pumps. The construction cost to retrofit existing facilities with a plug-in adaptor and transfer switch is estimated to be approximately $237,640 per location. This cost is representative of construction under normal conditions and would be significantly higher for special or difficult conditions.

CONTINGENCIES AND OTHER PROJECT COSTS
Contingency costs must be reviewed on a case-by-case basis because they will vary considerably with each project. However, to assist City staff with budgeting for these future construction projects, contingency costs have been added to the planning budget as percentages of the estimated construction cost using these two categories: Construction Contingency Costs and Other Project Cost Allowances. • Construction Contingency Costs: 15 percent
The construction costs presented above are representative of the construction of water system facilities under normal construction conditions and schedules; consequently, it is appropriate to allow for estimating and construction uncertainties unavoidably associated with the conceptual planning of projects. Factors such as unexpected construction conditions, the need for unforeseen mechanical items, and variations in final quantities are only a few of the items that can increase project costs. An allowance of 15 percent of the base construction cost will be included to cover such project related construction contingencies. 535
Appendix G
Cost Estimating Assumptions
N-C-206-60-24-56-WP-R-WMP-APP H
G-6 City of Lincoln
Water Master Plan Update
• Other Project Cost Allowances: 30 percent
Other project costs have been divided into three (3) subcategories, totaling 30 percent (10 percent engineering, 10 percent construction management, and 10 percent program implementation)
— Engineering costs associated with new facilities include preliminary investigations and reports, right-of-way acquisition, foundation explorations, preparation of drawings and specifications during construction, surveying and staking, sampling of testing material, and start-up services. For this study, engineering costs are assumed to be 10 percent of the base construction cost estimate.
— Construction management covers such items as contract management and inspection during construction. The cost of these items can also vary, but for the purpose of this study, it is assumed that construction management charges will equal approximately 10 percent of the base construction cost estimate.
— Program implementation costs cover items such as legal fees, environmental/CEQA compliance requirements, financing expenses, administrative costs, and interest during construction. The cost of these items can also vary, but for the purpose of this study, it is assumed that program implementation costs will equal approximately 10 percent of the base construction cost estimate.

An example application of these allowances to a project with an assumed base construction cost of $1.0 million is shown in Table 5. As shown, the total cost of all project construction contingencies (construction, design, construction management, and administration costs) is approximately 49.5 percent of the base construction cost for each project.

Table 5. Example Application of Contingency Costs
Cost Component Percent Cost, dollars
Estimated Base Construction Cost before Mark-ups(a)- 1,000,000 Construction Contingency Costs 15 150,000
Estimated Construction Cost with Contingency - $1,150,000 Other Project Costs
Engineering 10 115,000
Construction Management 10 115,000
Program Implementation 10 115,000
Total Project Cost Allowances - 345,000
Estimated Total Project Cost $1,495,000
(a) Assumed cost of an example project.
536
Concord Phoenix
1001 Galaxy Way, Suite 310
Concord CA 95420
925-949-5800
4505 E Chandler Boulevard, Suite 265
Phoenix AZ 85048
602-337-6110
Davis Pleasanton
2020 Research Park Drive, Suite 100
Davis CA 95618
530-756-5905
6800 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 150
Pleasanton CA 94566
925-426-2580
Irvine Sacramento
25 Edelman, Suite 120
Irvine, CA 92618
949-420-3030
100 Howe Avenue, Suite 110S
Sacramento CA 95825
916-306-2250
Lake Oswego San Diego
5 Centerpointe Drive, Suite 130
Lake Oswego OR 97035
503-451-4500
11545 West Bernardo Court, Suite 209
San Diego CA 92127
858-505-0075
Medford Santa Rosa
3235 Hillcrest Park Drive, Suite 106
Medford OR 97504
458-299-0843
2235 Mercury Way, Suite 105
Santa Rosa CA 95407
707-543-8506
Oceanside
804 Pier View Way, Suite 100
Oceanside CA 92054
760-795-0365
537
Water Master Plan Update
City Council
January 27, 2026
538
Background – Water Master Plan Update
Last Comprehensive Update: 2017
Purpose of This Update:
• Identify priority water infrastructure improvements and investments
• Support upcoming water rate studies and Public Facilities Element (PFE) Nexus Studies (to address development
impacts)
• Inform water supply/demand projections for 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) update
Next Key Milestones: Water Rate Study and PFE Nexus
Study targeted for the 2027–2029 budget cycle
539
Public Outcome Goal
To deliver a practical, prioritized implementation
roadmap that identifies and sequences essential water
infrastructure improvements—ensuring the City
maintains a safe, reliable, resilient, and sustainable
drinking water system for current residents and future
generations.
540
Water Master Plan Update Chapters
• Describes the purpose and objectives for the WMPU, its relationship to other on-going studies, report organization and lists acknowledgments.

Chapter 1:

Introduction
• Provides background information on the existing City water service area, water supplies, and water system facilities.

Chapter 2: Existing
Water System
• Presents historical, current, and projected future water demands based on planned future development in accordance with the City’s General Plan 2050.

Chapter 3: Water
Demand Analysis
• Provides an overview of the City’s existing water supply sources and plans to optimize available water supplies for the future.

Chapter 4: Water
Supply Analysis
• Defines operational criteria for the City’s water system, including supply, storage and pumping capacity, fire flow requirements, minimum and maximum system pressures, and maximum pipeline velocity and head loss.

Chapter 5: System
Performance Criteria 541
Water Master Plan Update Chapters
• Describes the update, refinement and calibration of the City’s existing water distribution system hydraulic model used to analyze the City’s distribution system performance.

Chapter 6: Hydraulic Model
Update and Calibration
• Describes the evaluation of the City’s existing water system in comparison to the criteria developed in Chapter 5 and provides recommendations for existing system improvements.

Chapter 7: Existing System
Evaluation
• Describes the evaluation of the City’s water system and its ability to meet projected future water demands in comparison to the criteria developed in Chapter 5, and provides recommendations for future system improvements.

Chapter 8: Future System
Evaluation
• Presents the desktop study performed to assess the remaining useful life of the City’s water system assets and a recommended R&R program to be incorporated into the overall CIP recommendations.

Chapter 9: Rehabilitation
and Replacement Program
• Provides a detailed summary of recommended capital improvements for the City’s water system to meet existing and projected future demands.

Chapter 10: Capital
Improvement Program 542
Summary
Existing Water Service
Area/System
• Water service area covers 29 square
miles (18,454 acres).
• 279 miles of distribution and transmission
pipelines
• 5 groundwater wells
• Three storage tanks
• 10 pressure regulating stations
Water Supply Sources
• Purchased surface water PCWA, 18.9
mgd (max delivery)
• Purchased surface water NID (raw water
treated and delivered to City via PCWA
facilities)
• Pumped groundwater from City-owned
wells (pumping capacity 8.1mgd)
*Goal: meeting 90% of water demands
through surface water
543
Existing Water System
544
Existing Water System Pipeline Age
545
Water Demands
•97% Residential with
83% consumption
•3% Non-residential
with 17% consumption
As of 2023,
~23,454
metered water
use connections
546
Existing and Planned Land Use
547
Future Incremental Land Use Projections by
Development Areas
548
Projected Water Production
Requirements vs. Supply
549
550
Recommended Future Supply
Alternative Evaluations
Conduct PCWA capacity study (e.g. Ophir WTP, RiverARC etc).

Conduct a groundwater study (e.g. ASR wells, basin recharge).

Conduct a development water supply roadmap study.

Conduct a feasibility and reliability study for NID water supply.

Conduct recycled water (RW) study & update RW master plan.

Monitor consumption reductions from conservation efforts. 551
Hydraulic model updated &
calibrated • Existing system • Future growth scenarios
Improvements based on
distribution system analysis • Meet projected demands • Comply with Chapter 5 design criteria
SystemEvaluation
552
Existing System Improvements
• Storage and Pumping:
• Install dedicated on-site backup power at the Nelson and Moore Wells to improve system reliability. • Construct a new booster pump station with back-up power at the Verdera Tank No. 3 site with a minimum capacity of 2 mgd. • Construct a new booster pump station with back-up power at the Conspiracy Point Tank site with a minimum capacity of 4 mgd. • Pipelines:
• Replace 8-inch diameter pipeline at intersection of 1st Street and Joiner Parkway with a new 16-inch diameter pipeline to mitigate velocity exceedance.
• Replace 8-inch diameter pipeline at intersection of E Street and McBean Park Drive with a new 12- inch diameter pipeline to mitigate velocity exceedance. • Rehabilitation and Replacement:
• Enhance the City’s existing pipeline R&R program to accelerate the replacement of aging and undersized distribution pipelines on a proactive and programmatic basis before failure and require emergency repair and replacement. A recommended program is described in Chapter 9. 553
Existing System Improvements
554
Future System Improvements
555
Future System Improvements 556
Next Steps

1. Continue ongoing collaboration with regional water
agencies on future water supply opportunities

2. Prepare 2027-2029 Budget
A. Recommended Studies
B. Capital Improvement Plan

3. 2028 Water Rate Study

4. Public Facilities Element Nexus Study Update
557
Questions?
[email protected]
558
SUBJECT: Receive a Report of the City of Lincoln Truck Route Study. (Nita Wracker)
SUBMITTED BY: Nita Wracker
DEPARTMENT: Community Development
DATE: January 27, 2026
Item Number 13.B
STAFF RECOMMENDATION:

Receive a Report of the City of Lincoln Truck Route Study conducted and presented by Fehr & Peers.

BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION:

As part of the ongoing Downtown Master Plan (DMP) and Objective Design and Development Standards (ODDS) project, staff engaged Fehr & Peers, a nationwide transportation planning and engineering firm; to conduct a study of the large truck traffic and travel in the downtown area. The intent of the study was a evaluate truck traffic and travel on Lincoln Blvd in an effort to meet the Council's strategic objective of making the downtown area more walkable and reducing or eliminating large truck traffic on Lincoln Blvd.

FINDINGS/ANALYSIS:

Fehr & Peers investigated existing and future truck generating land uses, including "logistics uses" as defined by AB 98, as well as existing industrial zoning in the City. This information was critical for understanding existing and future truck activity in the City, such as truck origins and destinations, travel patterns, speeds, and site access needs. Utilizing the City's Land Use and Zoning, designated truck routes in adjacent jurisdictions, and truck origins/destinations, locations were selected to collect vehicle classification counts.

The truck route designation process took into consideration site access requirements for freight-generators (e.g. Sierra Pacific Industries and Gladding McBean) within the City, truck travel patterns, the influence logistics uses (e.g. UrthPact and the San Francisco Bay Coffee Co.) have on freight activity in the City, planned logistics development and proximity of sensitive receptors. After the collection of this data, several concepts have been developed to aid the City in determining next steps and near term priorities.

The result of this study will be presented by staff and Fehr & Peers. Upon review of the various concepts presented, staff is seeking general direction from City Council on next steps.

STAFF REPORT
559
FISCAL IMPACT:

The Fiscal Impact of the concepts presented is unknown at this time. After receiving general direction from City Council, staff may undertake additional analysis to determine feasibility and cost of the proposed concepts.

ATTACHMENTS:

Jan 27 2026 City Council hearing Fehr Peers Pres for staff report.pptx 560
City of Lincoln Truck Route Study
Lincoln City Council Meeting
January 27, 2026
Simply open the library, drag any
slides you may want to use for your
presentation, and edit away!
561
City of Lincoln Truck Route Study
Topics 01
02 03
04 Truck Route Regulations
Existing Conditions
Truck Rerouting Concepts
Near-Term Priorities
562
State & Federal Regulations
City of Lincoln Truck Route Study
Surface Transportation Assistance Act (1982) – “STAA”
• STAA bars states from denying reasonable access to delivery/pick-up locations • STAA Terminal (T) Routes allow large trucks to operate on designated routes for loading and unloading
• STAA Service (S) Routes allow trucks to use certain roads to access food, fuel, repairs, and rest.
• STAA trucks are larger than regular CA legal trucks
563
Truck Types
Local Delivery Trucks
Heavy Duty Trucks
City of Lincoln Truck Route Study
STAA Trucks
564
City of Lincoln Truck Route Map (available online)
565
Observed Truck Route Signage
566
Daily Total Traffic & Truck Percentages
(Average of Wed & Thu, May 28 and 29, 2025)
567
Daily Truck Trips at Lincoln Blvd/SPI Driveway and Downtown on Wednesday, May 28, 2025
Total Daily Truck Trips in
Downtown = 1,135
SPI Trucks = 461 (41%)
Non-SPI Trucks = 674 (59%)
568
Concept A – Downtown Lincoln Truck Travel Restrictions
Type of Signage and Geographic Extents To be Determined 569
Concept B – Truck Rerouting via SR 65 and Wise Road
Challenge: Wise Road has a 7-ton weight limit and unknown structural section. Grade differences near UPRR tracks may also be a challenge.
570
Concept C – SPI Access Shifted to Nicolaus Road
Challenge: Sensitive receptors along Joiner Parkway.
571
Concept D – SR 65/Nelson Lane Interchange
Challenge: Trucks currently prohibited on Nicolaus Road east of Joiner Parkway 572
Concept E – East Lincoln Bypass
Challenge: Lengthy time period for construction. Out of direction travel for SPI trucks. 573
Concept F – SR 65/Moore Road Interchange
Challenge: Cost/approvals for new interchange. Sensitive receptors on route to new interchange. 574
Near-Term Priorities

1. Remove STAA route signs on either end of Lincoln Blvd and in Downtown Lincoln

2. Pursue Concept B (Wise Road Rerouting)

3. Take steps to meet requirements of AB 98
City of Lincoln Truck Route Study
575

Lincoln City CouncilJanuary 27, 2026

Lincoln City Council
January 27, 2026