Agenda packet, regular meeting — Livingston City Council, August 18, 2026 (part 1 of 2)

1 CITY COUNCIL SPECIAL AND REGULAR

MEETING AGENDA
AUGUST 18, 2026
SPECIAL MEETING: 6:00 P.M. – 7:00 P.M
REGULAR MEETING: 7:00 P.M.

WE ENCOURAGE ALL MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC TO PARTICIPATE IN THE MEETING VIA TELECONFERENCE BY CALLING (520) 525-8911. ANY MEMBER OF THE PUBLIC

PARTICIPATING VIA TELECONFERENCE WILL BE GIVEN THE OPPORTUNITY TO PROVIDE PUBLIC COMMENT.

ADDITIONALLY, THE REGULAR MEETING WILL BE STREAMED ON YOUTUBE LIVE https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCB_ZmQZIHELh-ECEPZ2VwZg Notice is hereby given that the City Council will hold a Special and Regular Meeting at the City Council Chambers, 663 Main Street, Livingston, California. Assistance will be provided to those requiring accommodations for disabilities in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Persons requesting accommodation should contact the Deputy City Clerk at least 24 hours prior to this meeting at (209) 394-8041, Ext. 121. Any writings or documents pertaining to an Open Session item provided to a majority of the members of the legislative body less than 72 hours prior to the meeting shall be made available for public inspection by email if requested. Public comments can be submitted via emailed at [email protected]. Comments must be received by 2:00 p.m. on the day of the City Council meeting in order for them to be distributed to the Council prior to consideration of the matter. You will need to provide: Meeting date, item number, name, email and comment (please limit to 300 words or 3 minutes).

Please include: PUBLIC COMMENT in the subject for the email. Written comments will not be read aloud at the meeting, but will be reported as received for the record. If you do not receive an acknowledgement of receipt by 4:00 p.m., please call the City Clerk’s Office at (209) 394-8041, Ext. 121 (Note: This technology is not a guaranteed method).
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2 SPECIAL MEETING

1. Call to Order

2. Roll Call

3. Pledge of Allegiance.

4. Moment of Silence – First Responders and Military Members.

5. Citizen Comments

CLOSED SESSION
A “Closed” or “Executive” Session of the City Council or the Successor Agency to the Redevelopment Agency of the City of Livingston may be held in accordance with state law which may include, but is not limited to, the following types of items:
personnel matters, labor negotiations, security matters, providing instructions to real property negotiators, conference with legal counsel regarding pending litigation. The Closed Session will be held in the City Council Chambers located at 663 Main Street, Livingston, California. Any public comment on Closed Session items will be taken before the Closed Session. Any required announcements or discussion of Closed Session items or actions following the Closed Session will be made in the City Council Chambers, 633 Main Street, Livingston, California.

6. Conference with Labor Negotiator (Government Code Section 54957.6) Labor Negotiator:

Jose Antonio Ramirez, City Manager
Employee Organizations: OE3- Clerical Bargaining Unit
Police Supervisory Employees Association
Livingston Police Officer Association

7. Conference with Legal Counsel - Potential Initiation of Litigation pursuant to Government Code § 54956.9(d)(4) – 1 Matter

REGULAR MEETING

CALL TO ORDER
Pledge of Allegiance.

Moment of Silence – First Responders and Military Members.

Roll Call.

Closed Session Announcement
Changes to the Agenda.
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3 CITIZEN COMMENTS
This section of the agenda allows members of the public to address the City Council on any item NOT on the agenda. Members of the public, when recognized by the Mayor, should come forward to the lectern, and identify themselves. Comments are normally limited to three (3) minutes. In accordance with State Open Meeting Laws, no action will be taken by the City Council this evening.

COUNTY SUPERVISOR’S ANNOUNCEMENTS AND REPORTS
Supervisor Jim Pacheco Announcements and Reports.

ANNOUNCEMENTS AND REPORTS
City Staff Announcements and Reports.

City Manager Announcements and Reports.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST DECLARATION
Members of the City Council will declare an actual or apparent conflict of interest before discussions or decisions about any matters in which they or anyone with whom they have a close personal relationship could directly or indirectly benefit or where such a benefit could be perceived.

CONSENT AGENDA
Items on the Consent Calendar are considered routine or non-controversial and will be enacted by one vote, unless separate action is requested by a member of the public, the City Manager or City Council Member. There will be no separate discussion of these items unless members of the public, City Council or City Manager request that specific items be removed. Public comment on consent agenda items shall be limited to three (3) minutes perperson regardless of the number of items contained within the consent agenda.

1. Ratify Warrants Register Dated August 7, 2026.

2. Approval of Minutes of Meeting Held on July 29, 2026.

3. Approval of Minutes of Meeting Held on August 4, 2026.

4. City Treasurer’s Investment Report for the Month Ending July 31, 2026.

5. Consideration of Adopting a Resolution Approving The Repair And Engine Block Replacement Of Public Works Operations Truck #18-26 (1) Approving An Amendment To Purchase Order No. 2205, Increasing The Amount From $8,431.80 To $15,000.00 For Smith Chevrolet Cadillac, And Authorize A 10% Contingency For A Total Amount Not To Exceed $16,500.00, (2) Waive Formal Bidding Requirements As Outlined In Section 1-11-6 And (3) Authorizing The City Manager To Execute All Required Documents (4/5 Vote Required).

6. Consideration of Adopting a Resolution Approving An Agreement With All About Play For The Purchase Of Playground Equipment For Max Foster Park, Including Two Larger Shade Structures, For 3 of 912
4 $140,423.68; Authorizing The Finance Department To Make A Supplemental Appropriation In The Amount Of $140,423.68; And Authorizing The City Manager To Execute The Purchase Agreement And All Required Documents.

7. Consideration Of Adopting A Resolution (1) Approving A One-Year Professional Service Agreement With WGR Southwest, Inc. For Fiscal Year 2026/2027 To Assist The City Of Livingston With Its Storm Water Compliance Program And Plan Review Services In The Amount Not To Exceed $50,000.00 And (2) Authorizing The City Manager To Execute All Required Documents.

PUBLIC HEARING

8. Consideration of Adopting a Resolution Adopting the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan and Resolution Adopting the 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan.

9. Consideration of a Resolution to Approve General Plan Amendment 2025-02, Re-Designating Property Located On The North Side Of B Street West Of Prusso Street (APN 022-010-025) From C-3 (Highway Service Commercial) to R-3 (High Density Residential); and Introducing and Waiving First Reading of An Ordinance Amending The Official Zoning Map Of The City Of Livingston To Rezone A 5.0-Acre Portion Of The Parcel Located On The North Side Of B Street West Of Prusso Street (APN 022-010-025) From C-3 (Highway Service Commercial) To R-3 (High Density Residential) (Rezone No. Rez 2025-02) .

10. Consideration of a Resolution to Approve General Plan Amendment 2025-03, Re-Designating a 5.62 Acre Parcel Located on the Northwest Corner of F Street and Winton Parkway (APN 022-010-018) From R-1 (Low Density Residential) to R-3 (High Density Residential); and Introducing and Waiving First Reading of An Ordinance Amending The Official Zoning Map Of The City Of Livingston To Rezone A 5.62-Acre Parcel Located On The Northwest Corner Of F Street And Winton Parkway (APN 022-010-018) From R-1 (Low Density Residential) To R-3 (High Density Residential) (Rezone No. Rez 2025-03).

11. Consideration of a Resolution to Approve General Plan Amendment 2025-04, Re-Designating A 15-Acre Portion Of The Parcel Located At 12511 Peach Avenue (APN 047-280-003) From R-1 (Low Density Residential) To R-3 (High Density Residential); and Introducing and Waiving First Reading of An Ordinance Amending The Official Zoning Map Of The City Of Livingston To Rezone A 15-Acre Portion Of The Parcel Located At 12511 Peach Avenue (APN 047-280-003) From R-1 (Low Density Residential) To R-3 (High Density Residential) (Rezone No. Rez 2025-04).

12. Consideration of a Resolution to Approve General Plan Amendment 2025-05, Re-Designating A 6.80- Acre Parcel Located At 1018 Peach Avenue (APN 047-310-019) From R-1 (Low Density Residential) To R-3 (High Density Residential); and Introducing and Waiving First Reading of An Ordinance Amending The Official Zoning Map Of The City Of Livingston To Rezone A 6.80-Acre Parcel Located At 1018 Peach Avenue (APN 047-310-019) From R-1 (Low Density Residential) To R-3 (High Density Residential) (Rezone No. Rez 2025-05).

13. Consideration of a Resolution to Approve General Plan Amendment 2025-06, Re-Designating A 3- Acre Parcel Located At 1154 Peach Avenue (APN 047-310-020) From R-1 (Low Density Residential) To R-3 (High Density Residential); and Introducing and Waiving First Reading of An Ordinance Amending The Official Zoning Map Of The City Of Livingston To Rezone A 3.0-Acre 4 of 912
5 Parcel Located At 1154 Peach Avenue (APN 047-310-020) From R-1 (Low Density Residential) To R-3 (High Density Residential) (Rezone No. Rez 2025-06).

14. Consideration of a Resolution to Approve General Plan Amendment 2025-07, Re-Designating A 16.8- Acre Parcel of Property Located On The West Side Of Winton Parkway, North Of Peach Avenue (APN 022-050-009) From R-1 (Low Density Residential) To R-3 (High Density Residential); and Introducing and Waiving First Reading of An Ordinance Amending The Official Zoning Map Of The City Of Livingston Of A 16.8-Acre Parcel Of Property Located On The West Side Of Winton Parkway, North Of Peach Avenue (APN 022-050-009) From R-1 (Low Density Residential) To R-3 (High Density Residential) (Rezone No. Rez 2025-07).

15. Consideration of Adopting a Resolution Approving General Plan Amendment 2024-02 Replacing The Existing Housing Element With The Final 2024-2032 (6th Cycle) Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element, Including Revisions Made In Response To California Department Of Housing And Community Development Comments, And Directing Staff To Submit The Adopted Housing Element To The State Of California Housing And Community Development Department.

ANNOUNCEMENTS AND REPORTS
City Council Members’ Announcements and Reports.

Mayor’s Announcements and Reports.

Robert Wallis
• Special City Selection Committee of the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control Board Robert Wallis, Representative and Japjeet Uppal, Alternative. • City Council Liaison - Livingston Planning Commission – Jason Roth and Alternate Robert Wallis.
• Utility Stakeholders Committee – Japjeet Uppal and Robert Wallis.

Jason Roth
• Merced County Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCO) Jason Roth, Representative.
• Merced County Mosquito Abatement District Board of Directors – Gurpal Samra, Representative and Jason Roth, Alternate.
• City Council Liaison - Livingston Planning Commission – Jason Roth and Alternate Robert Wallis.

Japjeet Uppal
• Central Valley Division League of California Cities – Jose Moran, Representative and Japjeet Uppal, Alternate.
• Special City Selection Committee of the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control Board – Robert Wallis, Representative and Japjeet Uppal, Alternative. • City Council Liaison - Parks, Recreation and Arts Commission – Jose Moran and Alternate Liaison Japjeet Uppal.
• Merced Integrated Regional Water Management Plan (MIRWMA) – Japjeet Uppal, Representative and Robert Wallis, Alternate Representative. 5 of 912
6 • Utility Stakeholders Committee – Japjeet Uppal and Robert Wallis.

Gurpal Samra
• Merced County Mosquito Abatement District Board of Directors – Gurpal Samra, Representative and Jason Roth, Alternate.
• Merced County Association of Governments (MCAG) Governing Board – Gurpal Samra, Representative and Jose Moran, Alternate.

Jose Moran
• Central Valley Division League of California Cities – Jose Moran, Representative and Japjeet Uppal, Alternate.
• Merced County Association of Governments (MCAG) Governing Board – Gurpal Samra, Representative and Jose Moran, Alternate.
• City Council Liaison - Parks, Recreation and Arts Commission – Jose Moran and Alternate Liaison Japjeet Uppal.

COUNCIL DIRECTION ON FUTURE AGENDA ITEMS

ADJOURNMENT
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STAFF REPORT
1 AGENDA ITEM: Warrant Register August 7th

MEETING DATE: August 18, 2026

PREPARED BY: Consuelo Moreno, Account Clerk
REVIEWED BY: Happy Bains, Finance Director
RECOMMENDATION:

Ratify the warrant register dated August 7th, 2026
DISCUSSION:

Government Code sections 37208(b) and 37209 provide that accounts payable warrants or checks drawn in payment of demands certified or approved by the finance director as conforming to a budget approved by ordinance or resolution of the legislative body need not be audited by the legislative body prior to payment.

In addition, Government Code section 37208(a) provides that payroll warrants or checks need not be audited by the legislative body prior to payment. Payrolls shall be presented to the legislative body for ratification and approval at the first meeting after delivery of the payroll warrants or checks. The sum of any payroll checks issued within the week prior to the date of the check register is also noted on the accompanying check register.

The following checks have been certified to be in accordance with the City’s approved budget.

The checks have been issued, and the check register is presented to the City Council for ratification:

July 25, 2026 – August 7th, 2026

CHECKS #
NET PAYROLL……………………...........…. $ 161,628.78 4246-4264 GENERAL WARRANTS……………………. $ 1,359,901.31 16389-16481
*Check #’s 16361-16388 Void due to misprint
ACH WARRANTS…………………………….$ 180,244.64
PAYROLL WARRANTS…………..….…...…$ 148,344.14

TOTAL WARRANTS………………………… $ 1,850,118.87
ATTACHMENTS:

Warrant Register (detailed by date and check number)
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Accounts Payable
User:

Printed:
[email protected]
8/10/2026 3:28 PM
Checks by Date - Summary by Check Date
Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
ACH 1857 Chicago Title Company 07/31/2026 72,000.00
16389 1754 5 E's Enterprises, LLC. 07/31/2026 350.00
16390 251 ABS Direct, Inc. 07/31/2026 118.29
16391 1238 Alert-All Corp. 07/31/2026 1,998.83
16392 1307 Amazon Capital Services 07/31/2026 3,827.99
16393 1743 American Water College, LLC. 07/31/2026 2,590.00 16394 446 Belkorp Ag, LLC 07/31/2026 206.22
16395 256 California Police Chiefs Association 07/31/2026 559.00 16396 393 California State Disbursement Unit 07/31/2026 1,159.37 16397 398 Central SanJoaquin Valley Risk Management Authorit 07/31/2026 504,007.00 16398 399 Central SanJoaquin Valley Risk Management Authorit 07/31/2026 124,981.00 16399 1024 City Direct, Inc. 07/31/2026 1,400.00
16400 1239 Clark Pest Control of Stockton, Inc. 07/31/2026 45.00 16401 1308 CSG Consultants, Inc. 07/31/2026 2,951.73
16402 787 Custom Weed Control Inc. 07/31/2026 400.00
16403 1856 Dannis Woliver Kelley 07/31/2026 2,310.00
16404 293 Department of Justice Accounting Office 07/31/2026 1,876.98 16405 258 Ewing Irrigation Products, Inc. 07/31/2026 5,429.52 16406 163 EZ Auto Supply 07/31/2026 76.13
16407 641 Ferguson Enterprises LCC #686 07/31/2026 241.38 16408 1517 Fonroche Lighting America, Inc. 07/31/2026 10,000.00 16409 727 Garton Tractor, Inc 07/31/2026 127.40
16410 262 Gilton Solid Waste 07/31/2026 11,782.15
16411 1872 GoTo Communications, Inc. 07/31/2026 1,473.47 16412 356 Gouveia Engineering, Inc. 07/31/2026 106,864.17 16413 425 HdL Coren & Cone 07/31/2026 1,643.86
16414 266 Hilmar Lumber 07/31/2026 1,391.54
16415 501 Hunt & Sons, LLC 07/31/2026 9,524.20
16416 165 J L Analytical Services, Inc. 07/31/2026 1,715.31 16417 570 Jocelyn E. Roland, Ph.D., ABPP 07/31/2026 1,100.00 16418 1130 Kellogg Supply 07/31/2026 96.71
16419 1366 LeadsOnline Parent LLC 07/31/2026 5,760.00
16420 522 Merced County Assessor's Office 07/31/2026 90.00 16421 403 Merced County Association of Governments 07/31/2026 80.00 16422 1676 Merced County Fire Department 07/31/2026 181,030.64 16423 595 Metro Uniform Merced 07/31/2026 28.83
16424 389 Mid Valley IT 07/31/2026 1,030.20
16425 180 Mission Linen Service 07/31/2026 1,696.02
16426 431 Monte Vista Small Animal Hospital 07/31/2026 2,019.92 16427 1818 Moore Twinning Associates, Inc. 07/31/2026 2,690.00 16428 199 Northstar Chemical 07/31/2026 12,031.36
16429 949 Nova Heating and Air Conditioning 07/31/2026 1,189.75 16430 302 Office Depot, Inc./ODP Business Solutions, LLC 07/31/2026 110.11 16431 201 O'reilly Automotive, Inc. 07/31/2026 1,165.81 16432 1735 BlueTriton Brands, Inc Primo Brands 07/31/2026 1,127.76 16433 514 Quadient Leasing USA, Inc. 07/31/2026 982.71
16434 1668 Rincon Consultants, Inc 07/31/2026 3,957.75
AP Checks by Date - Summary by Check Date (8/10/2026 3:28 PM) Page 1 (irty o,f Uving1sto1n
1416 C Stroot
Livingston, CA 95334
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Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
16435 208 Saenz Pest Control, Inc. 07/31/2026 131.00
16436 1330 James D Sanders 07/31/2026 400.00
16437 408 Sapien Family Trust 07/31/2026 1,000.00
16438 739 Self- Help Enterprises 07/31/2026 221.73
16439 439 Sharpening Shop 07/31/2026 681.83
16440 1284 State of California 07/31/2026 65.08
16441 412 State of California Department of Transportation 07/31/2026 819.00 16442 UB*02186 ROGER A TEJEDA 07/31/2026 188.62
16443 366 USABlueBook 07/31/2026 1,493.03
Total for 7/31/2026: 1,092,238.40
1000498 FIT Federal Tax Payments 08/04/2026 24,335.18
1000499 NBS1 National Benefit Services - AltaMont St Clair08/04/2026 1,834.84 1000500 PERS Public Employ Retire System 08/04/2026 36,141.03 1000501 PTS PTS - Part Time Seasonal 457 Plan 08/04/2026 534.08 1000502 SIT State Tax Payments 08/04/2026 9,087.09
1000503 VALIC Variable Annunity Life Ins. 08/04/2026 1,620.00 Total for 8/4/2026: 73,552.22
1000504 PERS Public Employ Retire System 08/05/2026 74,791.92 Total for 8/5/2026: 74,791.92
ACH 401 Keenan & Associates 08/06/2026 108,244.64
Total for 8/6/2026: 108,244.64
16444 747 All Star Elite Sports 08/07/2026 966.80
16445 1307 Amazon Capital Services 08/07/2026 731.26
16446 396 American Fidelity Assurance 08/07/2026 3,377.23 16447 397 American Fidelity Assurance Company 08/07/2026 1,295.78 16448 445 Axon Enterprise, Inc. 08/07/2026 6,446.29
16449 393 California State Disbursement Unit 08/07/2026 1,159.37 16450 UB*02187 JOAO GABRIEL CARVALHO 08/07/2026 112.69
16451 418 Central Valley Concrete 08/07/2026 1,082.06
16452 1024 City Direct, Inc. 08/07/2026 1,400.00
16453 1239 Clark Pest Control of Stockton, Inc. 08/07/2026 179.00 16454 283 CoreLogic Solutions, LLC 08/07/2026 200.00
16455 UB*02189 COSOL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT, INC08/07/2026 80.88 16456 641 Ferguson Enterprises LCC #686 08/07/2026 120.09 16457 UB*02188 MELISSA FLORES 08/07/2026 226.17
16458 1758 Garda CL West, Inc. Lockbox #233209 08/07/2026 212.49 16459 262 Gilton Solid Waste 08/07/2026 197,371.48
16460 811 Pete Hulse, DVM, Pa Hilmar Animal Hospital08/07/2026 1,069.00 16461 266 Hilmar Lumber 08/07/2026 402.96
16462 1033 Independent Investigations LLC 08/07/2026 1,373.93 16463 388 Interstate Battery System of Fresno 08/07/2026 170.51 16464 1881 KS StateBank 08/07/2026 89,892.00
16465 276 Livingston True Value Hardware, Inc. 08/07/2026 369.01 16466 524 Merced Chevrolet 08/07/2026 37.48
16467 180 Mission Linen Service 08/07/2026 555.19
16468 1818 Moore Twinning Associates, Inc. 08/07/2026 420.00 16469 395 Navia Benefit Solutions 08/07/2026 150.00
16470 199 Northstar Chemical 08/07/2026 7,070.61
AP Checks by Date - Summary by Check Date (8/10/2026 3:28 PM) Page 2 9 of 912
Check No Vendor No Vendor Name Check Date Check Amount
16471 201 O'reilly Automotive, Inc. 08/07/2026 383.39
16472 1330 James D Sanders 08/07/2026 400.00
16473 834 Speedy Bee Car Wash and Detail Center 08/07/2026 889.56 16474 1284 State of California 08/07/2026 130.16
16475 590 T- Mobile USA, Inc. 08/07/2026 50.00
16476 310 Totlcom, Inc. 08/07/2026 427.71
16477 1654 Traffic and Parking Control Co., Inc. 08/07/2026 19,227.25 16478 421 Underground Service Alert of Northern CA & NV 08/07/2026 513.14 16479 366 USABlueBook 08/07/2026 298.17
16480 1150 Valley 29 Electric, LLC 08/07/2026 810.00
16481 314 Valley Coffee & Water 08/07/2026 61.25
Total for 8/7/2026: 339,662.91
Report Total (102 checks): 1,688,490.09
AP Checks by Date - Summary by Check Date (8/10/2026 3:28 PM) Page 3 10 of 912

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MEETING MINUTES

SPECIAL MEETING

LIVINGSTON CITY COUNCIL
JULY 29, 2026
A Special Meeting of the Livingston City Council was held on July 29, 2026, in the Council of Chambers, with Mayor Moran presiding.

CALL TO ORDER
Mayor Moran called the meeting to order at 6:00 p.m.

ROLL CALL
Mayor Jose A. Moran
Mayor Pro Tem Gurpal Samra
Council Member Singh Uppal
Council Member Jason Roth
Council Member Robert S. Wallis

PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
The pledge of allegiance to the flag was recited.

CHANGES TO THE AGENDA
None.

CITIZEN COMMENTS
Mayor Moran opened and closed Citizen Comments at 6:01 p.m., as there were no comments from the public.

Page 2 of 2 ends

None.

CLOSED SESSION

4.1 Conference with Legal Counsel – Anticipated Litigation – significant exposure to litigation pursuant to Government Code § 54956.9(d)(2), (e)(1), 1 Matter.

CLOSED SESSION ANNOUNCEMENTS
No reportable action was taken.

ADJOURNMENT
The special meeting was adjourned by consensus at 7:20 p.m. ____________________________________
Deputy City Clerk of the City of Livingston
APPROVED:
___________________________
Mayor or Mayor Pro Tempore
The written meeting minutes reflect a summary of specific actions taken by the City Council. They do not necessarily reflect all of the comments or dialogue leading up to the action. All meetings are digitally recorded and are an official record of the meeting’s proceedings. Digitally recorded verbatim minutes are available, upon request, and may be obtained at Livingston City Hall. 12 of 912

Page 1 of 6 ends

MEETING MINUTES

SPECIAL AND REGULAR MEETING

LIVINGSTON CITY COUNCIL
AUGUST 4, 2026
A Special and Regular Meeting of the Livingston City Council was held on August 4, 2026, in the City Council Chambers with Mayor Moran presiding.

SPECIAL MEETING
Mayor Moran called the meeting to order at 6:01 p.m.

ROLL CALL
Mayor Jose A. Moran
Mayor Pro Tem Gurpal Samra
Council Member Singh Uppal
Council Member Jason Roth (Late Attendance)
Council Member Robert Wallis
Clerk Notes: Council Member Roth entered the Council Chambers at 6:02 p.m.

PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
The pledge of allegiance to the flag was recited

MOMENT OF SILENCE
There was a moment of silence for First Responders and Military Members.

CITIZEN COMMENTS
Mayor Moran opened and closed citizen comments at 6:02 p.m., as there were no comments from the public, the Council went into Closed Session immediately thereafter to discuss the following matters.

CLOSED SESSION

6. Conference with Legal Counsel – Anticipated Litigation – significant exposure to Litigation pursuant to Government Code § 54956.9(d)(2), (e)(1), 2 Matters. 13 of 912

Page 2 of 6 ends

7. Conference with Labor Negotiator (Government Code Section 54957.6) Labor Negotiator:

Jose Antonio Ramirez, City Manager
Employee Organizations: OE3- Clerical Bargaining Unit
Police Supervisory Employees Association
Livingston Police Officer Association

8. Conference with Legal Counsel – Existing Litigation pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.9: John Markle v. City of Livingston, et al., Case No. 23CV-01647.

9. Public Employee Performance Evaluation (Govt. Code 54957(b)) City Council’s Performance Evaluation of the City Attorney

10. Conference with Legal Counsel - Potential Initiation of Litigation pursuant to Government Code § 54956.9(d)(4) – 1 Matter

REGULAR MEETING
Mayor Moran called the meeting to order at 7:07 p.m.

PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
The pledge of allegiance to the flag was recited.

MOMENT OF SILENCE
There was a moment of silence for First Responders and Military Members.

ROLL CALL
Mayor Jose A. Moran
Mayor Pro Tem Gurpal Samra
Council Member Singh Uppal
Council Member Jason Roth
Council Member Robert Wallis

CLOSED SESSION ANNOUNCEMENT
Closed session will be reconvened after the regular meeting.

CHANGES TO THE AGENDA
None.

CITIZEN COMMENTS
Mayor Moran opened citizen comments at 7:08 p.m.

Citizen Comments:

Karthik Prasad
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Page 3 of 6 ends

Mayor Moran closed citizen comments at 7:12 p.m., as there were no further comments from the public.

COUNTY SUPERVISOR’S ANNOUNCEMENTS AND REPORTS
Supervisor Jim Pacheco Announcements and Reports.

County Supervisor Jim Pacheco gave a report.

ANNOUNCEMENTS AND REPORTS
City Staff Announcements and Reports.
• John Ramirez, Interim Chief of Police
City Manager Announcements and Reports.
• Jose A. Ramierz, City Manager

None.

CONSENT AGENDA
Items on the Consent Calendar are considered routine or non-controversial and will be enacted by one vote, unless separate action is requested by a member of the public, the City Manager or City Council Member. There will be no separate discussion of these items unless members of the public, City Council or City Manager request that specific items be removed. Public comment on consent agenda items shall be limited to three (3) minutes per-person regardless of the number of items contained within the consent agenda.

1. Ratify Warrants Register Dated July 24, 2026.

2. Approval of Minutes of Meeting Held on July 21, 2026.

3. Consideration of Adopting a Resolution Authorizing the Use and Acceptance of Digital or Electronic Signatures and Approve the City Council Policy titled “Electronic and Digital Signature Use” as Exhibit 1 to the Resolution.

4. Consideration of Adopting a Resolution Approving The Submittal Of A Program Income Application To The California Department Of Housing And Community Development HOME Program For First-Time Homebuyer And Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation Programs In An Amount Of $553,663 In Current Funds Along With Any Additional Future Program Income Receipts And Authorizing The City Mayor And City Manager To Execute All Required Documents As Applicable.

5. Consideration Of Adopting A Resolution Approving An Employment Agreement With John Ramirez For Continued Service As Interim Chief Of Police. " 15 of 912

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7. Consideration of Adopting a Resolution Approving Amendment No. 1 To The Professional Services Agreement With Willdan Financial Services For The Water, Wastewater, And Solid Waste Rate Study And Authorizing The City Manager To Execute The Amendment In An Amount Not To Exceed $30,000, For A Total Contract Amount Not To Exceed $102,895.

8. Consideration of Adopting a Resolution Approving a Legal Services Agreement with Burke, Williams, & Sorensen, LLP for Special Counsel Services.

Mayor Moran opened and closed public comments at 7:39 p.m., as there were no comments from the public.

Motion: M/S Samra/Roth to approve the Consent Agenda Items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8. The motion carried 5-0-0 by the following roll call vote:

AYES: Council Members: Moran, Uppal, Roth, Wallis and Samra NOES: Council Members: None
ABSENT: Council Members: None

6. Consideration of Adopting a Resolution Approving An Agreement With Feezza, Inc. For Website Design And Installation, And Ongoing Support For Website Software.

Mayor Moran opened and closed public comments at 8:03 p.m., as there were no comments from the public.

Motion: M/S Samra/Roth to approve Resolution Approving An Agreement With Feezza, Inc. For Website Design And Installation, And Ongoing Support For Website Software. The motion carried 5-0-0 by the following roll call vote:

AYES: Council Members: Moran, Roth, Wallis and Samra
NOES: Council Members: Uppal
ABSENT: Council Members: None

9. Consideration Of Adopting A Resolution Accepting The Low Bid And Awarding A Contract To Bobo Construction, Inc. For The Total Bid Amount $4,950,290.61 For The Construction Of The Livingston Rec Plex Project, Authorizing A Contingency For Contract Change Orders Up To 10% Of The Contract Amount, And Authorizing The City Manager To Execute The Agreement.

City Manager Jose A. Ramirez introduced this item and responded to Council questions.

Mayor Moran opened and closed public comments at 8:12 p.m., as there were no comments from the public.

Motion: M/S Samra/Wallis to approve Resolution Accepting The Low Bid And Awarding A Contract To Bobo Construction, Inc. For The Total Bid Amount $4,950,290.61 For The Construction Of The Livingston Rec Plex Project, Authorizing A Contingency For Contract Change Orders Up To 5% Of The Contract Amount, And Authorizing The City Manager To Execute The Agreement. The motion carried 5-0-0 by the following roll call vote:

AYES: Council Members: Moran, Uppal, Roth, Wallis and Samra NOES: Council Members: None
ABSENT: Council Members: None
,~,
16 of 912

Page 5 of 6 ends

DISCUSSION AND POTENTIAL ACTION ITEMS

10. Request For Direction On City Requirements For New Park Facilities And Storm Drain Basin Design Preferences For Pre-Development Review Application No. PDR 2026-03 - Cabral Farms Residential Development Proposal.

Miguel Galvez, Contract City Planner introduced this item and responded to Council questions.

Clerk Notes: Council Member Samra left the dais at 8:40 p.m. and returned at 8:42 p.m.

Clerk Notes: Council Member Roth left the dais at 8:58 p.m. and returned at 8:59 p.m.

Mayor Moran opened and closed public comment at 9:15 p.m., as there were no comments from the public.

Council recommended staff to come back with multiple concepts and ideas and consider the option of dual use for water basins plus a park.

ANNOUNCEMENTS AND REPORTS
City Council Members’ Announcements and Reports.
• Council Member Uppal
Mayor’s Announcements and Reports.

None.

Robert Wallis
• Special City Selection Committee of the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control Board – Robert Wallis, Representative and Japjeet Uppal, Alternative. • City Council Liaison - Livingston Planning Commission – Jason Roth and Alternate Robert Wallis.
• Utility Stakeholders Committee – Japjeet Uppal and Robert Wallis.

Japjeet Uppal
• Central Valley Division League of California Cities – Jose Moran, Representative and Japjeet Uppal, Alternate.
• Special City Selection Committee of the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control Board – Robert Wallis, Representative and Japjeet Uppal, Alternative. • City Council Liaison - Parks, Recreation and Arts Commission – Jose Moran and Alternate Liaison Japjeet Uppal.
• Merced Integrated Regional Water Management Plan (MIRWMA) – Japjeet Uppal, Representative and Robert Wallis, Alternate Representative. • Utility Stakeholders Committee – Japjeet Uppal and Robert Wallis. 17 of 912

Page 6 of 6 ends

COUNCIL DIRECTION ON FUTURE AGENDA ITEMS
• Discussion on establishing a youth commission.

CLOSED SESSION ANNOUNCEMENT
Clerk Notes: Mayor Pro-Tem Samra departed closed session at 11:52 p.m.

No Reportable action was taken

ADJOURNMENT
The meeting was adjourned by consensus at approximately 11:57 p.m. __________________________________
Deputy City Clerk of the City of Livingston
APPROVED:
_____________________________
Mayor or Mayor Pro Tempore
The written meeting minutes reflect a summary of specific actions taken by the City Council. They do not necessarily reflect all of the comments or dialogue leading up to the action. All meetings are digitally recorded and are an official record of the meeting’s proceedings. Digitally recorded verbatim minutes are available upon request and may be obtained at Livingston City Hall. 18 of 912
ELECTED OFFICIAL’S REPORT
AGENDA ITEM: Treasurer's Report July 2026
MEETING DATE: September 1, 2026
PREPARED BY: Parwinder Singh Uppal – Elected City Treasurer RECOMMENDATION:

Receive and File Treasurer's Report for the month ending July 31st, 2026.

BACKGROUND:

The Treasurer's Report is required to be presented to the governing body.

DISCUSSION:

Total Cash and City Investments including cash in the bank, and cash in the Local Agency Investment Fund are $42,540,277.02.

The attached Treasurer's report is a "snapshot" report of our cash position on the last day of the month in all our accounts per Bank Statements.

FISCAL IMPACT:

None.

ATTACHMENTS:

July 31, 2026, Treasurer’s Report with signature
19 of 912
Total Cash & Investments Totals 42,540,277.02
Notes
1) There are currently no Investments, In an Institution, with a Maturity Date, and/or a Maturity Date of 12 Months or More. The City's Portfolio consists of Non Interest Bearing Items in F&M Bank, and funds deposited with the State Local Investment Agency (LAIF) 2) Percentage Yield Rate from the LAIF Website "PMIA Average Monthly Yield" Prepared By:

TREASURER'S REPORT
Bank Statement Period Ending
Report Date
Meeting Date
July 31, 2026
August 4, 2026
September 1, 2026
The following cash and investment information pertainsto the period ending per Bank Statements Average
Investment Monthly
Institution Acct# Type Yield %
State of California LAIF (Local Agency
Investment Fund) xx-xx-463 Pooled 3.816%
Parwinder Singh Uppal - City Treasurer
Balance
41,144,719.42
1,144,690.75
1,932.23
120,576.88
128,357.74
1,395,557.60
Non Interest Bearing Items
Farmers & Merchants Bank xxxxxx5801
Farmers & Merchants Bank xxxxxx6601
Farmers & Merchants Bank xxxxxx8201
Farmers & Merchants Bank xxxxxx3401
Subtotal F&M Bank
Operating Account
Payroll Account
Web Payments Account
Rec Desk Account
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Subtotal
20 of 912

Page 1 of 2 ends

STAFF REPORT
AGENDA ITEM: Resolution Approving the Repair and Engine Block Replacement of Public Works Operations Truck #18-26 (1) Approve an Amendment to Purchase Order No. 2205 and Supplemental Appropriation to the Water and Wastewater Enterprise Fund, increasing the amount from $8,431.80 to $15,000.00 for Smith Chevrolet Cadillac, and authorize a 10% contingency for a total amount not to exceed $16,500.00, (2) Waive Formal Bidding Requirements as Outlined in Section 1-11-6 (C) and (3) Authorizing the City Manager to Execute all Required Documents (Four Affirmative Votes Required)
MEETING DATE August 18, 2026
PREPARED BY: Al Pacheco, Public Works Superintendent
REVIEWED BY: Jose Antonio Ramirez, City Manager
Anthony Chavarria, Public Works Director
RECOMMENDATION:

Staff recommends that the City Council adopt a Resolution approving the repair and engine block replacement of Public Works operations truck #18-26 (1) approve an amendment to Purchase Order No. 2205 and Supplemental Appropriation to the Water and Wastewater Enterprise Fund, increasing the amount from $8,431.80 to $15,000.00 for Smith Chevrolet Cadillac, and authorize a 10% contingency for a total amount not to exceed $16,500.00, (2) waive formal bidding requirements as outlined in Section 1-11-6 (C) and (3) authorizing the City Manager to execute all required documents.

Four affirmative votes are required.

BACKGROUND:

The City's 2018 Chevrolet Silverado 2500 operations truck #18-26 was taken to Smith Chevrolet after staff identified an engine knocking noise during normal operation. The dealership performed a diagnostic inspection and determined that the engine had sustained internal damage, including a failed camshaft, damaged lifters, and worn seals and gaskets. The initial repair estimate totaled $8,431.80, which was within the City Manager's purchasing authority. Accordingly, a purchase order was issued, and Smith Chevrolet proceeded with disassembly of the engine to complete the authorized repairs.

During the repair process, after the engine had been disassembled, the dealership discovered that the engine block had sustained damage beyond repair. As a result, the original scope of work could not be completed, and replacement of the engine block became necessary to return the vehicle to service.

Staff requested a revised estimate from Smith Chevrolet for the engine block replacement and any additional components required to complete the repair. The dealership submitted a revised estimate totaling $15,000.00, which includes both the original repair costs and the additional work identified during the evaluation. Because the total repair cost exceeds the City Manager's purchasing authority of $10,000.00, City Council approval is required before the repairs can proceed. 21 of 912

Page 2 of 2 ends

Staff recommends that the City Council approve an amendment to Purchase Order No. 2205 to increase the authorized amount to not exceed $16,500.00. This amendment will provide sufficient
Funding for the revised repair estimate of $15,000.00 and allowing Smith Chevrolet to replace the damaged engine block, complete all necessary repairs, and return the City's truck to safe and reliable operating condition.

DISCUSSION:

Pursuant to Livingston Municipal Code § 1-11-6 (C), formal bidding requirements for purchases over $10,000 may be waived only when the purchase is available from a sole source. Sole-source procurement must be justified and is otherwise subject to formal bidding requirements unless the City Council, by resolution, finds that an exception in the Municipal Code applies.

Staff request that the City Council waive the formal bidding requirement and approve sole-source procurement for the repair of Truck # 18-26 with Smith Chevrolet. Smith Chevrolet originally diagnosed the vehicle, disassembled the engine, and identified the full scope of required repairs. Requiring the vehicle to be transported to a different repair facility would necessitate reassembly, hauling the torn-down engine to another location, and a second shop performing an independent inspection and re-diagnosis. Those additional steps would add significant time and cost, increase the risk of additional damage during transport and reassembly, and duplicate diagnostic efforts already completed by Smith Chevrolet.

Based on these facts, Smith Chevrolet is the only practical source able to complete the repairs efficiently and without unnecessary additional expense or delay. The truck has been out of service for over one month. The prolonged downtime has created vehicle shortages and forced staff to operate vehicles with two personnel, which reduces operational efficiency. Authorizing Smith Chevrolet to complete the repairs under a sole-source waiver will minimize further downtime, avoid redundant diagnostic work and transportation costs, and restore necessary fleet capacity more quickly.

Therefore, staff recommends that the City Council find that the circumstances meet the sole-source exception under Municipal Code § 1-11-6 (C) and adopt the attached resolution waiving formal bidding requirements and authorization the amendment to Purchase Order NO. 2205 to complete the necessary repairs
FISCAL IMPACT:

Authorize the Finance Department to process a supplemental appropriation not to exceed $16,500.00 for Purchase Order No. 2205 (including a 10% contingency), to Fund the following accounts $8,250.00 to Fund 2100-810-4430 (Water Enterprise Fund), and $8,250.00 to Fund 2101-810-4430 (Wastewater Enterprise Fund), for budget FY2026/FY2027.

ATTACHMENTS:

1. Resolution No. 2026-

2. Smith Chevrolet Quote

3. Smith Chevrolet Purchase Order No. 2205
22 of 912
01424.0001/910135.1
RESOLUTION NO. 2026-

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LIVINGSTON APPROVING THE

REPAIR AND ENGINE BLOCK REPLACEMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS OPERATIONS TRUCK #18-26 (1) APPROVING AN AMENDMENT TO PURCHASE ORDER NO. 2205 AND

SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATION TOTHE WATER AND WASTEWATER ENTERPRISE FUND, INCREASING THE AMOUNT FROM $8,431.80 TO $15,000.00 FOR SMITH CHEVROLET CADILLAC, AND AUTHORIZE A 10% CONTINGENCY FOR A TOTAL AMOUNT NOT TO EXCEED $16,500.00, (2) WAIVE FORMAL BIDDING REQUIREMENTS AS OUTLINED IN SECTION 1-11-6 (C) AND (3) AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER TO

EXECUTE ALL REQUIRED DOCUMENTS (FOUR AFFIRMATIVE VOTES REQUIRED) WHEREAS, the City's 2018 Chevrolet Silverado 2500 operations truck #18-26 was taken to Smith Chevrolet after staff identified an engine knocking noise during normal operation and the dealership performed a diagnostic inspection and determined that the engine had sustained internal damage, including a failed camshaft, damaged lifters, and worn seals and gaskets; and WHEREAS, the initial repair estimate totaled $8,431.80, which was within the City Manager's purchasing authority. Accordingly, a purchase order was issued, and Smith Chevrolet proceeded with disassembly of the engine to complete the authorized repairs; and WHEREAS, during the repair process, after the engine had been disassembled, the dealership discovered that the engine block had sustained damage beyond repair; and WHEREAS, as a result, the original scope of work could not be completed, and replacement of the engine block became necessary to return the vehicle to service; and WHEREAS, staff requested a revised estimate from Smith Chevrolet for the engine block replacement and any additional components required to complete the repair; and WHEREAS, the dealership submitted a revised estimate totaling $15,000.00, which includes both the original repair costs and the additional work identified during the evaluation. Because the total repair cost exceeds the City Manager's purchasing authority of $10,000.00, City Council approval is required before the repairs can proceed; and WHEREAS, pursuant to Livingston Municipal Code Section 1-11-6 (C), purchases exceeding $10,000 are subject to formal bidding unless the City Council waives the requirement by resolution upon finding that the purchase meets one of the exceptions provided in the Municipal Code; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to Livingston Municipal Code section 1-11-6 (C), any such waiver of the formal bidding requirements must be approved by a resolution of the City Council passed by at least four (4) affirmative votes; and
WHEREAS, in this instance, staff is requesting that the City Council waive the formal bidding requirements and approve sole-source procurement for the repair of Truck # 18-26 with Smith Chevrolet; and
WHEREAS, Smith Chevrolet is the only practical source able to complete the repairs efficiently and without unnecessary additional expense or delay. The truck has been out of service for over 23 of 912
Resolution No.

Page 2 of 3 ends

one month. The prolonged downtime has created vehicle shortages and forced staff to operate vehicles with two personnel, which reduces operational efficiency. Authorizing Smith Chevrolet to complete the repairs under a sole-source waiver will minimize further downtime, avoid redundant diagnostic work and transportation costs, and restore necessary fleet capacity more quickly; and
WHEREAS, Authorizing Smith Chevrolet to complete the repairs under a sole-source waiver will minimize further downtime, avoid redundant diagnostic work and transportation costs, and restore necessary fleet capacity more quickly; and
WHEREAS, staff recommends that the City Council waive the formal bidding requirements and authorize the amendment to Purchase Order No. 2205 to complete the necessary repairs; and NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the City Council of the City of Livingston hereby:

1. Finds the above recitals are true and correct findings of the Livingston City Council.

2. Authorize the Finance Department to process a supplemental appropriation not to exceed $16,500.00 for Purchase Order No. 2205 (including a 10% contingency), to Fund the following accounts $8,250.00 to Fund 2100-810-4430 (Water Enterprise Fund), and $8,250.00 to Fund 2101-810-4430 (Wastewater Enterprise Fund), for budget FY2026/FY2027.

3. Waives formal bidding requirements as outlined in Section 1-11-6 (C).

4. Authorizes the City Manager to execute all required documents.

5. This Resolution will become effective immediately.

I hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution No. 2026-___ is a full, true, and correct copy of a resolution duly passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of Livingston at a regular meeting thereof duly held on the 18th day of August 2026, by the vote recorded as follows:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

By:

Jose A. Moran, Mayor
Of City of Livingston
ATTEST
Monica Cisneros, Deputy City Clerk
Of the City of Livingston
24 of 912
Resolution No.

Page 3 of 3 ends

APPROVED AS TO LEGAL FORM
________________________
City Attorney or Assistant City Attorney
Of the City of Livingston
25 of 912
Smith Chevrolet C;idillac
1601 Auto mall Drive
Turlock. Ca 95380
(209) 632-3946

CITY OF LIVINGSTON
Home:

Mobile:

Woo1<:

Email:
l'YPE --DESCRIPTION - LABOR TO REPLAC.E TitE
Labor l ONGOl.OCK ENGINE
ASSEMBLY 26,7
- ,_f>arts REMAN L0"1G8l0CK ENGINE
P•ns GASKE1 - P ;;lrt$ SEAL -~-·
PMt GASKET -
Pons GASKET
Parts 80LT
Pan. -
SEAL ..

Psns SEAL
Pam NUT
PM$ BOLT
Parts SOLT
Pon. BOLT
Parts BOI.T
PMS 6El.T
p= SEAL
-P8<1s SEAL
Parni SEAi.

Piltls RADIATOR
P8!1$ GASKET - Parts MANIFOLD .
.!:'"' GASKET
P,,rts TUBE
•
Jul 9, 2026 09:35 AM
YMMS: 2018 Chovrolot Silverado 2500 HD WT
Engine: 6.0L
uoanse:

VIN: 1GBOCUl;G2JZ310026
Odometer:
-· -- PART# QTY ~CE RATE HOURS UNETOTAL - - - - $195.00 26.7 $5,206.50 19260746 1.0 $6,607.95 - - $6,607.95
12630223 1.0 $13.71 . .. $13.71
12602541 1.0 $7,79 - - $7.79
19207929 1.0 $80, 14 - - $80,14 - 126179'14 2.0 S39.88 - - $79.76 . - 11546600 12.0 $12.05 - . $144.60 1son36"2 1.0 $24.89 - - $24.8'3
20967629 1.0 S27.65 - .. S27.85
15032594 6.0 $6.97 . - S,1.82
12557840 1.0 $9.90 - - $9,90
116094'15 6.0 $6.97 . - $41.82
11546840 3.0 $8.88 - . $26.84
11589956 6.0 $6.97 - . $41.82
19210691 1.0 576.SO . - - $76.50
13579649 -· 1.0 $19,84 . - $19,84 - -- 13579648 1.0 $ 19.72 - . $19.72 85628205 1.0 $8.89 - - $8.89
84179524 1.0 5518.44 - - $518.44
15203689 1.0 S11.36 - - - $11 .36
- 12597600 ,.o $328.50 . - $328.50 . 19207929 ,.o $80,14 - - $80.14 -
12S9n1• 1.0 $36.St . - $36.81
hitps;/fwwv4,ProdQf'I\Wld.oom'Ptlnt,1nd&x?Nd&~o1Jiod1AoT;,~hic!tJ()pdoM=truo 112 26 of 912
7/YrJ.S, 10:08AM PM~ r Friendly View
U boc $5.206.50
P.lrts:
• ia.2Ae.69
Shop $1.,PP(10s: $0.00
Hazardous MJ.tet'ial$: $0.00
Ulbor Taxes: $0.00
Customer SJgnatwe: ~
ans Taxcs: $711.45
iOTAl! $ 14, 166.64 1
Since 1926!
~:l/ww.112.,ptOOe/flMd ,COtt!/Ptltdfkld6X?hidct.09(>=tl'UC&.h!~TQl>=tl'U$&hk1809UoM .. !ru& 27 of 912
VENDOR:

City of Livingston
1416 C Street
Livingston, CA 95334
Smith Chevrolet Cadillac, Inc.

Electronic PO
Turlock, CA 95380
SHIPTO:

City of Livingston
1416 C Street
Livingston, CA 95334-1417
VENDOR NO. VENDOR PHONE NUMBER TERMS
624 (209) 632-3946
SHIPPING INSTRUCTlONS
Deliveries are Monday-Friday from 7:00am-2:30pm

TEM QTY U/M
! 0.00
2 0.00
3 0.00
4 0.00
TAXABLE: Yes
CONFIRMING:

SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
2018 Chevrolet Silverado

DESCRIPTION/TASK
Rcpai,s on rulJJlun's work truck i8-26
Repairs on Ramon's work cruck 18-26
Labor on Ramon's work truck 18-26
Labor on Ramon's work truck 18-26
0 PRDCODE
DATE
07/08/2026

ACCOUNT
2i00-ii i0-4430
2101-815-4430
2101-815-4430
2100-810-4430

PURCHASE ORDER
No. 0000002205
BILL TO:

City of Livingston
1416 C Street
Livingston, CA 95334-1417

REQUIRED DELIVERY DATE

UNIT PRICE
l,JM3.34
1,583.33
2,496.00
2,496.00
SUBTOTAL:

TAX:

SHIPPING:

TOTAL:

AMOUNT
1,583.34
1,583.33
2,496.00
2,496.00
8,158.67
273.13

0.00 8,431.80
lMPORTANT: OUR ORDER NUMBER MUST APPEAR ON EVERY INVOICE AND PACKAGE 28 of 912
8,'91:16. 9 11!AM
Smith Chevrotet Cadillac
1601 Auto malf Dnve
T ur1ock, Ca 95380
(209) 632-3946
Received by Public Works Dept.

City of Livingston
CFT'Y OF LMNGST"ON J\;f'I 9, 2026 09:03 AM
Home: YMMS: 2018 Chcvrclet Silverado 2500 HD WT
Mobile: Engine: 6.0L
Work: Ucanse
Email~ VlN: 1GBOCUEG2JZ310~
Odomet~
DESCRPTION PART• QT't' PRICE I RATE HOURS UtE lOTAL ;
l CAMSHAFT - ReftlO'lle & Replace i
Gu wfEnginc Oil coow.
[Jni;fudes: Perform RelNm
pr~. lnclude!t: R&I E,vne
As~. lncuSC$: R&J Radlatol'.
lnciJdc:.: R&I Air eo,,ditions,g
Condc:nar: l'KCVer. avacuare and
rectia,ve /IK Conditioning Sysletlt.J
Parts CAMSHAFT
---~
Parts LIFTERS
Parts
---- ·, SEALS. GASKETS. NUTS, 80LTS
_ FUJIOS
--- - - 1.0 ,

16.0 1.0
V~d~r ~ ,,-Js I JtA,hr -:Jo
oescr1pt1on rtf2.' ffa
y
?:

IJ.&roon
l
:s
wn-11..
--- ~ r,---x,
Account---------
Approval ---------
---------
S4nce 1926!
S195.00 25.6
m<).27 - .
$57.90 . - .
' s, ."50.oo
1 . .

Laber:

Parbl:

Shop SuC)Olin: I I Hanrdou. M~
-
$4,992.00
$29027
1926.40 '
S1,~.00 J
$4.902.00
$3,166.67
so.oo I

50.00 --- Lal)or Ta,caa.:
/p'~Taxtl=S:
lOTAL;
~'l'--'l,a.s::z..
1 ,r1Jo, /~'<;
Af>PrnJW
hlip,.:/,-.,U>,odemund.r;om/Plllnl/lndcx?T!l<MU,yo=bUC!&ht~lcT~~- 1 .. ,,
29 of 912

Page 1 of 2 ends

STAFF REPORT
AGENDA ITEM: Discussion and Direction Regarding the Procurement of Playground Equipment and Shade Structures at Max Foster Sports Complex; 1) Approving an Agreement with All About Play for Option 1, Including Two Larger Shade Structures, for $ 140,423.68; 2) Authorizing the Finance Department to Make a Supplemental Appropriation in the Amount of $140,423.68; and 3) Authorizing the City Manager to Execute the Purchase Agreement and All Required Documents
MEETING DATE: August 18, 2026
PREPARED BY: Anthony Chavarria, Public Works Director
REVIEWED BY: Jose Antonio Ramirez, City Manager
RECOMMENDATION:

Staff recommends that the City Council select a preferred playground equipment option at Max Foster Sports Complex; 1) approving an agreement with All About Play for option 1, including the purchase of playground equipment and two larger shade structures, for $ 140,423.68; 2) authorizing the Finance Department to make a supplemental appropriation in the amount of $140,423.68 and 3) authorizing the City Manager to execute the purchase agreement and all required documents.

BACKGROUND:

At the June 16, 2026, City Council meeting, the City Council reviewed quotes received from two separate vendors obtained from cooperative purchasing program Joint Powers Authorities, OMNIA Partners and Sourcewell, to ensure the City received the most competitive pricing available for the playground equipment. The City Council Selected Option 1, All About Play, for the new playground equipment at Max Foster Sports Complex. During that meeting, the Council also directed staff to return with conceptual renderings and cost estimates for purchasing larger shade structures over both the main playground and the swing area.

DISCUSSION:

Livingston Municipal Code, section 1-11-4 (G) allows the City, with the approval of the City Council, to join the state and other units of government in cooperative purchasing plans when the best interests of the City would be served thereby. The City Council has determined that it is in the best interests of the City to purchase the playground equipment through cooperative purchasing because cooperative contracts leverage the volume of thousands of entities nationwide. Because the vendor has already secured this high-volume business, they offer the “tier-one” pricing that a single municipality would rarely be able to negotiate on its own. These savings can often be reinvested into higher quality equipment, more inclusive play features, or better safety surfacing.

In response to the City Council's direction, staff worked with the playground vendor to develop updated renderings depicting larger shade structures that provide increased coverage over the playground and swing areas. The revised concepts are intended to improve user comfort by providing additional 30 of 912

Page 2 of 2 ends

protection from the sun while maintaining compatibility with the selected playground layout.

Staff also requested updated pricing for the larger shade structures. The attached renderings and cost estimates identify the additional project cost associated with incorporating the enhanced shade structures into the playground project. Following Council review and direction, staff will proceed with the procurement of the All About Play playground equipment and selected shade structures as part of the overall playground improvements.

FISCAL IMPACT:

Staff is requesting a supplemental appropriation in the amount of $140,423.68 for Option 1 with additional shade structures to the Fiscal Year 2026/2027 budget in the Community Facilities District (CFD) 2005-1 Account (1213-475-7410)-Equipment Purchase.

ATTACHMENTS:

1. Resolution No. 2026-

2. All About Play Revised Quote

3. Purchase Agreement

4. Power Point
Options Company Amount
Option 1 All About Play $115,936.18
Option 1 With
Additional Shade
Structures
All About Play $140,423.68
31 of 912
01424.0001/910135.1
RESOLUTION NO. 2026-

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LIVINGSTON APPROVING AN

AGREEMENT WITH ALL ABOUT PLAY FOR THE PURCHASE OF PLAYGROUND

EQUIPMENT FOR MAX FOSTER PARK, INCLUDING TWO LARGER SHADE STRUCTURES, FOR $140,423.68; AUTHORIZING THE FINANCE DEPARTMENT TO MAKE A SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATION IN THE AMOUNT OF $140,423.68; AND

AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER TO EXECUTE THE PURCHASE AGREEMENT AND

ALL REQUIRED DOCUMENTS
WHEREAS, Livingston Municipal Code, section 1-11-4 (G) allows the City, with the approval of the City Council, to join the state and other units of government in cooperative purchasing plans when the best interests of the City would be served thereby.

WHEREAS, City to purchase the playground equipment through cooperative purchasing because cooperative contracts leverage the volume of thousands of entities nationwide. because the vendor has already secured this high-volume business, they offer the “tier-one” pricing that a single municipality would rarely be able to negotiate on its own. These savings can often be reinvested into higher quality equipment, more inclusive play features, or better safety surfacing.

WHEREAS, at the June 16, 2026, City Council meeting, the City Council reviewed quotes received from two separate vendors obtained from a cooperative purchasing program including Joint Powers Authorities OMNIA Partners and Sourcewell, to ensure the City received the most competitive pricing available for the playground equipment. The City Council selected Option 1, All About Play, for the new playground equipment at Max Foster Sports Complex; and WHEREAS, during that meeting, the Council also directed staff to return with conceptual renderings and cost estimates for purchasing larger shade structures over both the main playground and the swing area; and
WHEREAS, in response to the City Council's direction, staff worked with the playground vendor to develop updated renderings depicting larger shade structures that provide increased coverage over the playground and swing areas; and
WHEREAS, the revised concepts are intended to improve user comfort by providing additional protection from the sun while maintaining compatibility with the selected playground layout; and WHEREAS, staff also requested updated pricing for the larger shade structures, and the attached renderings and cost estimates identify the additional project cost associated with incorporating the enhanced shade structures into the playground project; and WHEREAS, following Council review and direction, staff will proceed with the procurement of the the All About Play playground equipment and selected shade structures as part of the overall playground improvements; and
WHEREAS, staff is requesting a supplemental appropriation to the Fiscal Year 2026/2027 budget in the Community Facilities District (CFD) 2005-1 Account (1213-475-7410)-Equipment Purchase in the amount of $140,423.68; and
32 of 912
Resolution No.

Page 2 of 3 ends

Page 2 of 2 ends

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the City Council of the City of Livingston hereby:

1. Finds the above recitals are true and correct findings of the Livingston City Council.

2. Approves an agreement with All About Play for the purchase of playground equipment for Max Foster Park, Including Two Larger Shade Structures, for $140,423.68.

3. Authorizes the Finance Department to make a supplemental appropriation in the amount of $140,423.68 to the Fiscal Year 2026/2027 budget in the Community Facilities District (CFD) 2005-1 Account (1213-475-7410)-Equipment Purchase.

4. Authorizes the City Manager to execute a purchasing agreement and all required documents.

5. This Resolution will become effective immediately.

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

By:

Jose A. Moran, Mayor
Of City of Livingston
ATTEST
Monica Cisneros, Deputy City Clerk
Of the City of Livingston

APPROVED AS TO LEGAL FORM
________________________
City Attorney or Assistant City Attorney
Of the City of Livingston
33 of 912
TO: DATE:

BY:

CONTACT:

PHONE:

EMAIL:

REFERENCE:

Little Tikes Commercial Equipment - Sourcewell/NJPA Contract #101521-PLP-4 Qty Description Each Total
MATERIALS: 1 Kid Builder Playground $101,839.00 $ 101,839.00 Max Play Swing (2) Belt (2) Tot (2) Inclusive Seats -
Additional Inclusive Ground Level Play Items
-
Sourcewell Discount 15% $ (15,275.85)
1 Playground Fabric Shade 30X40X15 Surface Mounted $ 15,350.00 1 Swing Fabric Shade 30X40X12 Surface Mounted $ 15,350.00 -
SUB TOTAL: $ 117,263.15
TAX: Sales tax is an estimate final tax will be charged 8.750% $ 10,260.53 based on final shipping address
ENGINEERING: Wet Sealed Engineering for Both Shades $ 1,700.00 FREIGHT: Shipping Cost for Playground Equipment $ 4,791.76 Shipping Cost for Shade Structures $ 6,408.24
TOTAL: $ 140,423.68
Please make purchase orders out to:

PlayPower LT Farmington C/O All About Play 3844 Presidio St., Sacramento, CA 95838 Signature: Date:

Glen Wurster
916.923.2180 PH
[email protected]
Customer is responsible to receive and offload equiment upon delivery. [email protected]
Playground Equipment Design with Freestanding Shade
Max Foster Sports Complex
Anthony Chavarria
209.394.8044
Current lead time is 8-10 weeks for equipment shipping.

Quote is Good for 60 Days from Date Quoted
Quote # 070326
July 3, 2026
Phone: 916-923-2180 Fax: 916-646-6383
www.playgroundpros.com

QUOTATION
PlayPower LT Farmington C/O
All About Play Inc
3844 Presidio Street, Sacramento, CA 95838
City of Livingston
3844 Presidio Street • Sacramento, CA • (916) 923-2180 PH • www.playgroundpros.com I accept the terms and pricing listed on the above quotation:

Remit All Payments To:

PlayPower LT Farmington PO Box 734155 Dallas, TX 75373-4155 This quote does not include installation of any kind.

Safety surfacing is not included in this quuote.

Saefty surfacing, installation, and offloading is sole responsibility of the customer.

COMMERCIA-)
All
~9r~~~Plav
The Playground & Recreation Profess,onals,j/
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4901-8975-4979 v1 1

CITY OF LIVINGSTON

PURCHASE AGREEMENT
THIS PURCHASE AGREEMENT (herein “Agreement”) is made and entered into on August 18, 2026, by and between the CITY OF LIVINGSTON, a municipal corporation (“City”) and Play Power LT Farmington Inc (herein “Vendor”).

NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1. SERVICES OF VENDOR

1.1 Scope of Services. In compliance with all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Vendor shall furnish all materials, equipment, tools, and transportation and comply with all of the specifications and requirements set forth in the “Sales Proposal” attached hereto as Exhibit “A” and incorporated herein by reference. Vendor warrants that it has the experience and ability to perform all work and services required hereunder and that it shall diligently perform such work and services in a professional and satisfactory manner.

1.2 Compliance With Law. All work and services rendered hereunder shall be provided in accordance with all ordinances, resolutions, statutes, rules, and regulations of the City and any Federal, State or local governmental agency of competent jurisdiction.

2. COMPENSATION

2.1 Contract Sum. For the materials, equipment, tools, and transportation provided pursuant to this Agreement, Vendor shall be compensated in accordance with the listed price in Exhibit “A” but not exceeding the maximum contract amount of $140,423.68 (One Hundred Forty Thousand Four Hundred and Twenty-Three Dollars and Sixty-Eight Cents ) (“Contract Sum”).

2.2 Invoices. Upon or before delivery of the products, Vendor shall furnish to City an original invoice for all products and services in a form approved by City’s Director of Finance. By submitting an invoice for payment under this Agreement, Vendor is certifying compliance with all provisions of the Agreement. The invoice shall detail charges for all necessary and actual expenses by the following categories: materials, equipment, tools, and travel. Subcontractor charges shall also be detailed by such categories. Vendor shall not invoice City for any duplicate services performed by more than one person.

City shall independently review the invoice submitted by the Vendor to determine whether the products provided and expenses incurred are in compliance with the provisions of this Agreement. Except as to any charges for products provided or expenses incurred by Vendor which are disputed by City, City will use its best efforts to cause Vendor to be paid within forty five (45) days of receipt of Vendor’s correct and undisputed invoice; however, Vendor acknowledges and agrees that due to City warrant run procedures, the City cannot guarantee that payment will occur within this time period. In the event any charges or expenses are disputed by City, the original invoice shall be returned by City to Vendor for correction and resubmission. Review and payment by the City of any invoice provided by the Vendor shall not constitute a waiver of any rights or remedies provided herein or any applicable law.
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3. PERFORMANCE SCHEDULE

3.1 Time of Essence. Time is of the essence in the performance of this Agreement.

3.2 Schedule of Performance. Vendor shall commence procurement of the products pursuant to this Agreement upon execution of this Agreement. When requested by the Vendor, extensions may be approved in writing by the Contract Officer but not exceeding thirty (30) days cumulatively.

3.3 Force Majeure. The time period specified in Section 3.2 for procurement of the products pursuant to this Agreement shall be extended because of any delays due to unforeseeable causes beyond the control and without the fault or negligence of the Vendor, including, but not restricted to, acts of God or of the public enemy, unusually severe weather, fires, earthquakes, floods, epidemics, quarantine restrictions, riots, strikes, freight embargoes, wars, litigation, and/or acts of any governmental agency, including the City, if the Vendor shall within ten (10) days of the commencement of such delay notify the Contract Officer (defined below) in writing of the causes of the delay. The Contract Officer shall ascertain the facts and the extent of delay, and extend the time for performing the services for the period of the enforced delay when and if in the judgment of the Contract Officer such delay is justified. The Contract Officer’s determination shall be final and conclusive upon the parties to this Agreement. In no event shall Vendor be entitled to recover damages against the City for any delay in the performance of this Agreement, however caused, Vendor’s sole remedy being extension of the Agreement pursuant to this Section.

3.4 Term. This Agreement shall continue in full force and effect until procurement of the products but not exceeding 1 year from the date hereof.

4. COORDINATION OF WORK

4.1 Representative of Vendor. Glen Wurster is hereby designated as being the representative of Vendor authorized to act on its behalf with respect to the work and services specified herein and make all decisions in connection therewith. All personnel of Vendor and any authorized agents shall be under the exclusive direction of the representative of Vendor. Vendor shall utilize only competent personnel to perform services pursuant to this Agreement. Vendor shall make every reasonable effort to maintain the stability and continuity of Vendor’s staff and subcontractors, and shall keep City informed of any changes.

4.2 Contract Officer. Jose Antonio Ramirez [or such person as may be designated by the City Manager] is hereby designated as being the representative the City authorized to act in its behalf with respect to the work and services specified herein and to make all decisions in connection therewith (“Contract Officer”).

4.3 Delivery Subcontracting. Vendor may hire a delivery service to deliver the products to the City. The Vendor must provide the name of the delivery service and contact information to the City.

4.4 Prohibition Against Subcontracting or Assignment. Other than Section

4.3, Vendor shall not contract with any entity to perform in whole or in part the work or services 36 of 912
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required hereunder without the express written approval of the City. Neither this Agreement nor any interest herein may be assigned or transferred, voluntarily or by operation of law, without the prior written approval of City. Any such prohibited assignment or transfer shall be void.

4.5 Independent Vendor. Neither the City nor any of its employees shall have any control over the manner, mode or means by which Vendor, its agents or employees, procure the products required herein, except as otherwise set forth. Vendor shall perform all services required herein as an independent contractor of City with only such obligations as are consistent with that role. Vendor shall not at any time or in any manner represent that it or any of its agents or employees are agents or employees of City, or that it is a member of a joint enterprise with City.

5. INSURANCE AND INDEMNIFICATION

5.1 Indemnification. To the full extent permitted by law, Vendor agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless the City, its officers, employees and agents (“Indemnified Parties”) against, and will hold and save them and each of them harmless from, any and all actions, either judicial, administrative, arbitration or regulatory claims, damages to persons or property, losses, costs, penalties, obligations, errors, omissions or liabilities whether actual or threatened (herein “claims or liabilities”) that may be asserted or claimed by any person, firm or entity arising out of or in connection with the negligent performance of the work, operations or activities provided herein of Vendor, its officers, employees, agents, subcontractors, invitees, or any individual or entity for which Vendor is legally liable (“indemnitors”), or arising from Vendor’s or indemnitors’ reckless or willful misconduct, or arising from Vendor’s or indemnitors’ negligent performance of or failure to perform any term, provision, covenant or condition of this Agreement, except claims or liabilities occurring as a result of City’s sole negligence or willful acts or omissions. The indemnity obligation shall be binding on successors and assigns of Vendor and shall survive termination of this Agreement.

5.2 Insurance. Prior to delivery of any products under this Agreement and for the duration of the Agreement, Vendor shall procure and maintain, at its own expense, the following insurance, and shall require any delivery subcontractor to maintain the same:
(a) Commercial General Liability insurance, on an occurrence basis, including products and completed-operations coverage, with limits of not less than $1,000,000 per occurrence and $2,000,000 in the general and products/completedoperations aggregates; (b) Commercial Automobile Liability insurance covering owned, hired, and non-owned vehicles used in connection with the delivery of products, with a limit of not less than $1,000,000 combined single limit per accident; and (c) Workers' Compensation insurance as required by California law.

The commercial general liability and automobile liability policies shall name the City of Livingston and its officers, officials, employees, and agents as additional insureds with respect to the products supplied and Vendor's performance under this Agreement. Such insurance shall be primary and non-contributory as to any insurance or self-insurance maintained by the City. Vendor shall furnish the City with certificates of insurance and required additional-insured endorsements before any delivery and shall provide the City at least thirty (30) days' prior written notice of cancellation or material reduction of any required coverage (ten (10) days for cancellation due to 37 of 912
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non-payment of premium). Insurers shall be admitted to do business in California and carry an A.M. Best rating of not less than A-:VII. Vendor's failure to obtain or maintain the required insurance shall constitute a material breach and grounds for termination of this Agreement.

6. ENFORCEMENT OF AGREEMENT AND TERMINATION

6.1 California Law. This Agreement shall be interpreted, construed and governed both as to validity and to performance of the parties in accordance with the laws of the State of California. Legal actions concerning any dispute, claim or matter arising out of or in relation to this Agreement shall be instituted in the Superior Court of the County of Merced, State of California. In the event of litigation in a U.S. District Court, venue shall lie exclusively in the Eastern District of California.

6.2 Legal Action. In addition to any other rights or remedies, either party may take legal action, in law or in equity, to cure, correct or remedy any default, to recover damages for any default, to compel specific performance of this Agreement, to obtain declaratory or injunctive relief, or to obtain any other remedy consistent with the purposes of this Agreement.

Notwithstanding any contrary provision herein, Vendor shall file a statutory claim pursuant to Government Code Sections 905 et. seq. and 910 et. seq., in order to pursue any legal action under this Agreement.

Except with respect to rights and remedies expressly declared to be exclusive in this Agreement, the rights and remedies of the parties are cumulative and the exercise by either party of one or more of such rights or remedies shall not preclude the exercise by it, at the same or different times, of any other rights or remedies for the same default or any other default by the other party.

7. MISCELLANEOUS

7.1 Covenant Against Discrimination. Vendor covenants that, by and for itself, its heirs, executors, assigns and all persons claiming under or through them, that there shall be no discrimination against or segregation of, any person or group of persons on account of race, color, creed, religion, sex, gender, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, ancestry, or other protected class in the performance of this Agreement. Vendor shall take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed and that employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, color, creed, religion, sex, gender, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, ancestry, or other protected class

7.2 Non-liability of City Officers and Employees. No officer or employee of the City shall be personally liable to the Vendor, or any successor in interest, in the event of any default or breach by the City or for any amount, which may become due to the Vendor or to its successor, or for breach of any obligation of the terms of this Agreement.

7.3 Notice. Any notice, demand, request, document, consent, approval, or communication either party desires or is required to give to the other party or any other person shall be in writing and either served personally or sent by prepaid, first-class mail, in the case of the City, to the City Manager and to the attention of the Contract Officer (with her/his name and City title), City of Livingston, 1416 C Street, Livingston, CA 95334, and in the case of the Vendor, to the person(s) at the address designated on the execution page of this Agreement. Either party 38 of 912
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may change its address by notifying the other party of the change of address in writing. Notice shall be deemed communicated at the time personally delivered or in seventy-two (72) hours from the time of mailing if mailed as provided in this Section.

7.4 Integration; Amendment. It is understood that there are no oral agreements between the parties hereto affecting this Agreement and this Agreement supersedes and cancels any and all previous negotiations, arrangements, agreements and understandings, if any, between the parties, and none shall be used to interpret this Agreement. This Agreement may be amended at any time by the mutual consent of the parties by an instrument in writing.

7.5 Severability. In the event that part of this Agreement shall be declared invalid or unenforceable by a valid judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect any of the remaining portions of this Agreement which are hereby declared as severable and shall be interpreted to carry out the intent of the parties hereunder unless the invalid provision is so material that its invalidity deprives either party of the basic benefit of their bargain or renders this Agreement meaningless.

7.6 Waiver. No delay or omission in the exercise of any right or remedy by non-defaulting party on any default shall impair such right or remedy or be construed as a waiver.

A party’s consent to or approval of any act by the other party requiring the party’s consent or approval shall not be deemed to waive or render unnecessary the other party’s consent to or approval of any subsequent act. Any waiver by either party of any default must be in writing and shall not be a waiver of any other default concerning the same or any other provision of this Agreement.

7.7 Attorneys’ Fees. If either party to this Agreement is required to initiate or defend or made a party to any action or proceeding in any way connected with this Agreement, the prevailing party in such action or proceeding, in addition to any other relief which any be granted, whether legal or equitable, shall be entitled to reasonable attorney’s fees, whether or not the matter proceeds to judgment.

7.8 Interpretation.

The terms of this Agreement shall be construed in accordance with the meaning of the language used and shall not be construed for or against either party by reason of the authorship of this Agreement or any other rule of construction which might otherwise apply.

7.9 Counterparts.

This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, and such counterparts shall constitute one and the same instrument.

7.10 Warranty & Representation of Non-Collusion. No official, officer, or employee of City has any financial interest, direct or indirect, in this Agreement, nor shall any official, officer, or employee of City participate in any decision relating to this Agreement which may affect his/her financial interest or the financial interest of any corporation, partnership, or association in which (s)he is directly or indirectly interested, or in violation of any corporation, partnership, or association in which (s)he is directly or indirectly interested, or in violation of any State or municipal statute or regulation. The determination of “financial interest” shall be 39 of 912
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consistent with State law and shall not include interests found to be “remote” or “noninterests” pursuant to Government Code Sections 1091 or 1091.5. Vendor warrants and represents that it has not paid or given, and will not pay or give, to any third party including, but not limited to, any City official, officer, or employee, any money, consideration, or other thing of value as a result or consequence of obtaining or being awarded any agreement. Vendor further warrants and represents that (s)he/it has not engaged in any act(s), omission(s), or other conduct or collusion that would result in the payment of any money, consideration, or other thing of value to any third party including, but not limited to, any City official, officer, or employee, as a result of consequence of obtaining or being awarded any agreement. Vendor is aware of and understands that any such act(s), omission(s) or other conduct resulting in such payment of money, consideration, or other thing of value will render this Agreement void and of no force or effect.

7.11 Corporate Authority. The persons executing this Agreement on behalf of the parties hereto warrant that (i) such party is duly organized and existing, (ii) they are duly authorized to execute and deliver this Agreement on behalf of said party, (iii) by so executing this Agreement, such party is formally bound to the provisions of this Agreement, and (iv) the entering into this Agreement does not violate any provision of any other Agreement to which said party is bound. This Agreement shall be binding upon the heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns of the parties.
[Signatures On The Following Page]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement on the date and year first-above written.

CITY:

CITY OF LIVINGSTON
By:

Jose Antonio Ramirez, City Manager
Date: ______________________________
VENDOR:
[VENDOR NAME]
By:

Name: Jeff Prangler
Title: Customer Service Manager
Date: ______________________________

By:

Name:

Title:

Date: ______________________________

ATTEST:

By:

Monica Cisneros, Deputy City Clerk
Date: ______________________________
APPROVED AS TO FORM:

BURKE, WILLIAMS & SORENSEN, LLP
By:

Marc Barraza Tran, City Attorney
Date: ______________________________
Address: 3844 Presidio Street
Sacramento, CA 95838

Two corporate officer signatures required when
Vendor is a corporation, with one signature
required from each of the following groups: 1)
Chairman of the Board, President or any Vice
President; and 2) Secretary, any Assistant
Secretary, Chief Financial Officer or any Assistant
Treasurer. VENDOR’S SIGNATURES SHALL BE

DULY NOTARIZED, AND APPROPRIATE

ATTESTATIONS SHALL BE INCLUDED AS

MAY BE REQUIRED BY THE BYLAWS,

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION, OR OTHER

RULES OR REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO
VENDOR’S BUSINESS ENTITY.
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4901-8975-4979 v1
EXHIBIT “A”

SALES PROPOSAL

QUOTATION
.,,--•~ -----. Play Power L T Farmington C/O ~ ittl«tlku.J COMMERCIAJ.J All About Play Inc 3844 Presidio Slreet Sacrame.nto. CA 95838
Phone: 9 16-923-2 180 Fax: 9 16-646-6383
www.playgroundpros.com
TO: City of Livingston DATE: July 3, 2026
CONTACT:

PHONE:

EMAI L:

REFERENCE:

Max Foster Sports Complex
Anthony Chavarria
209.394.8044
acbavaccia@livingstonca gov
Playground Equipment Design with Freestanding Shade
BY: Gleo Wurster
916.923.2180 PH
glen@playgm1mdpros oom
Quote # 070326
Little Tikes Commercial Equipment - Sourcewell/ NJPA Contract # 10 1521-PLP-4 Qty Description Each
MATERIALS: I Kid Builder Playground $101,839.00 $
Max Play Swing (2) Belt (2) Tot (2) Inclusive Seats
Additional I ndusive Ground Level Play Items
Sourcewell Discount 15% $
I Playground Fabric Shade 30X40XIS Surface Mounted $
I Swing Fabric Shade 30X40X12 Surface Mounted $
SUB TOTAL: $
TAX: Sales tax is an estimate final tax will be charged 8.750% $ based on final shipping address
ENGINEERING: Wet Sealed Engineering for Both Shades $
FREIGHT: Shipping Cost for Playground Equipment $
Shipping Cost for Shade Structures $
Total
101,839.00
(15,275.85)
15,350.00
15,350.00
117,263.15
10,260.53
1,700.00
4,791.76
6,408.24
TOTAL: $ 140,423.68
Quote Is Good for 60 Days from Date Quoted
Current lead time is 8-10 weeks for equipment shipping. customer is responsible to receive and offload equiment upon delivery.

This quote does not include installation of any kind.

Safety surfacing is not included in this quuote.

Saefty surfacing, installation, and offloading is sole responsibility of the customer.

Please make purchase orders out to:

PlayPower LT Farmington C/O All About Play 3844 Presidio St., Saa-amento, C4 95838 Remit All Payments To:

PlayPower LT Farmington PO Box 134155 Dallas, TX 15313-4155 I accept the terms and pricing li.sted on the above quotation:

Signature:
------------------- Date:
3844 Presidio Street • Sacramento, CA • (916) 9 23-2180 PH • www.pl ayg.roundpros.com 42 of 912
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EXHIBIT “B”

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
(Superseding Contract Boilerplate)
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OPTION 1 PLAYGROUND DESIGN FROM ALL

ABOUT PLAY
_) u
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u
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u
u
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u
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Quote Comparison
Option 1
All About Play Original
Option 1
Additional Shade
Subtotal/Tax $115,936.18 $140,423.68
Freight Included Included
Shade Structure Included Two Included
Total $115,936.18 $140,423.68
Does not include
installation
Does not include
installation
48 of 912

Page 1 of 2 ends

STAFF REPORT
AGENDA ITEM: Adopt a Resolution (1) Approving a One-Year Professional Service Agreement with WGR Southwest, Inc. for Fiscal Year 2026/2027 to Assist the City of Livingston with its Storm Water Compliance Program and Plan Review Services in the Amount Not to Exceed $50,000.00 and (2) Authorizing the City Manager to Execute all Required Documents MEETING DATE: August 18, 2026
PREPARED BY: Anthony Chavarria, Director of Public Works REVIEWED BY: Jose Antonio Ramirez, City Manager
RECOMMENDATION:

Staff recommends that the City Council adopt a Resolution (1) Approving a one-year professional service agreement with WGR Southwest Inc. for Fiscal Year 2026/2027 to assist the City of Livingston with its storm water compliance program and plan review services in the amount not to exceed $50,000.00 and (2) Authorizing the City Manager to execute all required documents.

BACKGROUND/ DISCUSSION:

On February 5, 2013, the State Water Board adopted the Phase II Small MS4 General Permit and became effective on July 1, 2013. The permit requirements include inspection of small construction projects (defined as projects with less than one acre of soil disturbance) that are required to submit project specific Erosion and Sediment Control Plans (ESCPs) for the City to review. Section E.10.b of the Phase II Small MS4 General Permit requires Cities to review relevant Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans (SWPPP) for construction projects regulated under the Construction General Permit (CGP). Additionally, to maintain compliance with section E.12 of the Phase II Small MS4 General Permit, City's must review post-construction measures for regulated projects. The City is also required to maintain an inventory of all the small construction projects.

The City previously held a contract with WGR Southwest, Inc. to assist with the City's Storm Water Compliance Program and plan review services for the: Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP), Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), and/or Post Construction Standards Plan (PCSP) that expired on June 30, 2026.

Because the prior agreement expired on June 30, 2026, and WGR Southwest, Inc. has continued to provide storm water compliance and plan review services without interruption, the proposed Agreement is effective as of July 1, 2026, notwithstanding its execution following City Council approval. The contract with WGR Southwest, Inc. is set for a duration of one (1) year for FY26/27 in the amount not to exceed $50,000.00. The accompanying Resolution approves the Agreement effective as of that date and ratifies any services performed by WGR Southwest, Inc. on and after July 1, 2026, within the notto-exceed amount of $50,000.00.

Approval of this agreement with WGR Southwest, Inc. will allow the City to remain in compliance with Phase II Small MS4 General Permit.
49 of 912

Page 2 of 2 ends

WGR Southwest, Inc. has provided a proposal which includes the following services:
• MS4 Permit Support totaling $22,728.00:
o 2025/2026 Phase II MS4 Annual Reporting & Effectiveness Assessment Preparation o IDDE Outfall Monitoring
o Annual O & M Self Certification Letters
o Updating Inventory Sheets
o Pyrethroid Management Program Assistance
o Implementing and Tracking Trash Management
o Other Miscellaneous Support
• SWPPP Review Program totaling $13,020.00:
o SWPPP Reviews as part of the Plan Check Process
o ESCP Reviews as part of the Plan Check Process
• Post Construction Standards Plan Program Element totaling $5,160.00. o Reviews of Project-Specific DSP Plans
• Quarterly Corp Yard Inspections totaling $5,200.00.
• Education and Outreach Support totaling $2,736.00.

FISCAL IMPACT:

The Fiscal Year 2026-2027 approved Sewer Enterprise Fund (2101-815-4310)-Contract Services budget includes funding to cover services provided by WGR for the current fiscal year.

ATTACHMENTS:

1. Resolution No. 2026-

2. Exhibit “A” Consultant Services Proposal from WGR Southwest, Inc.

3. WGR Southwest, Inc. Professional Service Agreement
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01424.0001/1010828.1 Page 1 of 2
RESOLUTION NO. 2026-
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LIVINGSTON (1) APPROVING A ONE-YEAR PROFESSIONAL SERVICE AGREEMENT WITH WGR SOUTHWEST, INC. FOR FISCAL YEAR 2026/2027 TO ASSIST THE CITY OF LIVINGSTON WITH ITS STORM

WATER COMPLIANCE PROGRAM AND PLAN REVIEW SERVICES IN THE AMOUNT NOT TO EXCEED $50,000.00 AND (2) AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER TO EXECUTE ALL

REQUIRED DOCUMENTS
WHEREAS, on February 5, 2013, the State Water Board adopted the Phase II Small MS4 General Permit and became effective on July 1,2013; and
WHEREAS, the permit requirements include inspection of small construction projects (defined as projects with less than one acre of soil disturbance) that are required to submit project specific Erosion and Sediment Control Plans (ESCPs), Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) and Post Construction Standards Plan (PCSP) for the City to review; and WHEREAS, the City is also required to maintain an inventory of all the small construction projects; and
WHEREAS, the City of Livingston previously held a contract with WGR Southwest, Inc. to provide assistance with the City's Storm Water Compliance Program and plan review services for the:

Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP), Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), and/or Post Construction Standards Plan (PCSP); and
WHEREAS, the City's prior agreement with WGR Southwest, Inc. expired on June 30, 2026, and the City and WGR Southwest, Inc. intended that WGR Southwest, Inc. continue to provide storm water compliance and plan review services without interruption commencing July 1, 2026, so that the City remains in compliance with the Phase II Small MS4 General Permit; and WHEREAS, the Professional Service Agreement is effective as of July 1, 2026, notwithstanding that it is being executed after that date, and the City Council desires to approve the Agreement effective as of July 1, 2026, and to ratify and confirm any services performed by WGR Southwest, Inc. on and after July 1, 2026; and
the contract with WGR Southwest, Inc. is set for a duration of one year for FY26/27 in an amount not to exceed $50,000.00; and
WHEREAS, approval of this agreement with WGR Southwest, Inc. will allow the City to remain in compliance with the Phase II Small MS4 General Permit; and NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the City Council of the City of Livingston hereby:

1. Finds the above recitals are true and correct findings of the Livingston City Council.

2. Approves a one-year professional service agreement with WGR Southwest, Inc. (WGR) for Fiscal Year 2026/2027 to assist the City of Livingston with its storm water compliance program and plan review services in the amount not to exceed $50,000.00 from the approved Fiscal Year 2026/2027 Wastewater Enterprise Fund (2101-815- 4310)-Contract Services.
51 of 912
01424.0001/1010828.1 Page 2 of 2

3. Approves the Professional Service Agreement with WGR Southwest, Inc. effective as of July 1, 2026, notwithstanding its execution after that date, and hereby ratifies, adopts, and confirms all services performed by WGR Southwest, Inc. on and after July 1, 2026, under and in accordance with the terms of the Agreement, including the amount not to exceed $50,000.00 and the insurance requirements of the Agreement.

4. Authorizes the City Manager to execute the current Agreement and any amendments thereto up to the total award amount.

5. This Resolution will become effective immediately.

I hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution No. 2026-___is a full, true, and correct copy of a resolution duly passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of Livingston at a regular meeting thereof duly held on the 18th day of August 2026, by the vote recorded as follows:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

By:

Jose A. Moran, Mayor
of the City of Livingston
ATTEST
Monica Cisneros, Deputy City Clerk
Of the City of Livingston

APPROVED AS TO LEGAL FORM
________________________
City Attorney or Assistant City Attorney
Of the City of Livingston
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11780 N. Hwy. 99 • Lodi, CA 95240 • (209) 334-5363 • Fax (209) 334-5374 Los Alamitos, CA • Lodi, CA
February 3, 2026
Mr. Anthony Chavarria
City of Livingston
1416 C Street
Livingston, CA 95334
RE: Proposal for Phase II MS4 Permit Compliance Support for the 2026-2027 Compliance Year

Dear Mr. Chavarria,
WGR Southwest, Inc. (WGR) appreciates the opportunity to provide you with this proposal to assist the City of Livingston (City) with its storm water compliance program. This proposal is written to provide compliance support to the City, addressing several tasks required by the Phase II MS4 permit.

Estimated Budget Proposal (Attachment A)
Please find included with this proposal Attachment A, which provides a line-item cost estimate to provide Compliance Support for the July 1, 2026 – June 30, 2027 compliance year. If approved, this proposal will become effective on July 1, 2026.

We thank you for this opportunity to serve you. If I can answer any questions concerning our proposal or the MS4 permit requirements, please do not hesitate to call me or to schedule a meeting to discuss the proposed scope of work.

Sincerely,
WGR Southwest, Inc.

John Teravskis, CPESC, CESSWI, QSP/QSD, QISP
Operations Manager & Senior Compliance Specialist
GR . Not Your Typical Consultant
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2026-2027 CY Phase II MS4 Permit Support
City of Livingston

Page 2 of 2 ends

Approvals to Proceed
( - Please indicate which services you would like for WGR Southwest, Inc. to perform)

1. Attachment A listed Services _________
Services do not include agency fees. I understand the fees and services stated in this document. I agree to pay for the services which I have indicated above.

Signature Title

Name Date
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ATTACHMENT A
WGR Southwest, Inc.

Estimated Costs for City of Livingston Phase II MS4 Permit Compliance Program Support July 1, 2026 - June 30, 2027
Construction Program Element: Sub-totals
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) Review Program:

Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP) Review (as part of plan check process) 60 Reviews * @ $131 review $7,860 SWPPP Review (as part of plan check process) 12 Reviews * @ $430 review $5,160 Post-Construction Standards Plan (PSCP) Program Element:

Review of Project-Specific PSCPs 12 Reviews * @ $430 review $5,160 $5,160 Education & Outreach Support:

City staff educational classes with WGR (prepare for and give classes) 16 SCS Hours @ $171 /hr. $2,736 $2,736 Quarterly Corp Yard Inspections
Visual and Non-Storm Water 4 Inspections @ $650 Inspection $2,600 $2,600 Storm Water 4 Inspections @ $650 Inspection $2,600 $2,600 Other MS4 Permit Support:
2024-25 Phase II MS4 Annual Report & Effectiveness Assessment Preparation 1 Report @ $4,800 $4,800 Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) Outfall Monitoring 1 Annual Inspection for $1,700 $1,700 Developing and sending Annual O&M Self-Certification Letters 16 CS Hours @ $131 /hr. $2,096 Updating Various City Inventory Spreadsheets 24 CS Hours @ $131 /hr. $3,144 Pyrethroid Management Program Assistance 4 SCS Hours @ $171 /hr. $684 Trash Management Program implementation and tracking 16 CS Hours @ $131 /hr. $2,096 Misc. Permit Support (including the evaluation of the new MS4 Permit) 48 SCS Hours @ $171 /hr. $8,208 $22,728 Additional Costs
Mileage $0.67 Per Mile TBD
Total Estimated 2026-27 Cost: $48,844
Costs reimbursed to the City by developer fees. Number of projects estimated. *Estimated amounts
SCS = Senior Compliance Specialist
CS = Compliance Specialist
$13,020
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01222.0001/643601.1 1

CITY OF LIVINGSTON

CONTRACT PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT
THIS CONTRACT PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT (herein “Agreement”) is made and entered into effective July 1, 2026, by and between the CITY OF LIVINGSTON, a municipal corporation (“City”) and WGR Southwest, Inc. (herein “Consultant”), and is executed by the parties on the date set forth on the signature page below.

WHEREAS, although this Agreement is executed after the Effective Date, the parties intend that its terms and conditions govern all services performed by Consultant on and after July 1, 2026; and the City desires to ratify and confirm any such services rendered by Consultant between the Effective Date and the date of execution.

NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1. SERVICES OF CONSULTANT

1.1 Scope of Services. In compliance with all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Consultant shall perform the work or services set forth in the “Scope of Services” attached hereto as Exhibit “A” and incorporated herein by reference. Consultant warrants that it has the experience and ability to perform all work and services required hereunder and that it shall diligently perform such work and services in a professional and satisfactory manner.

1.2 Compliance With Law. All work and services rendered hereunder shall be provided in accordance with all ordinances, resolutions, statutes, rules, and regulations of the City and any Federal, State, or local governmental agency of competent jurisdiction.

1.3 California Labor Law. If the Scope of Services includes any “public work” or “maintenance work,” as those terms are defined in California Labor Code section 1720 et seq. and California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 16000 et seq., and if the total compensation is $1,000 or more, Consultant shall pay prevailing wages for such work and comply with the requirements in California Labor Code section 1770 et seq. and 1810 et seq., and all other applicable laws.

1.4 Licenses, Permits, Fees and Assessments. Consultant shall obtain at its sole cost and expense such licenses, permits, and approvals as may be required by law for the performance of the services required by the Agreement.

1.5 Special Requirements. Additional terms and conditions of this Agreement, if any, which are made a part hereof are set forth in the “Special Requirements” attached hereto as Exhibit “B” and incorporated herein by this reference. In the event of a conflict between the provisions of Exhibit “B” and any other provisions of this Agreement, the provisions of Exhibit “B” shall govern.

2. COMPENSATION
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2 2.1 Contract Sum. For the services rendered pursuant to this Agreement, Consultant shall be compensated in accordance with the “Schedule of Compensation” attached hereto as Exhibit “C” and incorporated herein by this reference, but not exceeding the maximum contract amount of $50,000.00 (Fifty Thousand Dollars) (“Contract Sum”).

2.2 Invoices. Each month Consultant shall furnish to City an original invoice for all work performed and expenses incurred during the preceding month in a form approved by City’s Director of Finance. By submitting an invoice for payment under this Agreement, Consultant is certifying compliance with all provisions of the Agreement. The invoice shall contain all information specified in Exhibit “C” and shall detail charges for all necessary and actual expenses by the following categories: labor (by sub-category), travel, materials, equipment, supplies, and sub-contractor contracts. Sub-contractor charges shall also be detailed by such categories. Consultant shall not invoice City for any duplicate services performed by more than one person.

City shall independently review each invoice submitted by the Consultant to determine whether the work performed and expenses incurred are in compliance with the provisions of this Agreement. Except as to any charges for work performed or expenses incurred by Consultant which are disputed by City, City will use its best efforts to cause Consultant to be paid within forty five (45) days of receipt of Consultant’s correct and undisputed invoice; however, Consultant acknowledges and agrees that due to City warrant run procedures, the City cannot guarantee that payment will occur within this time period. In the event any charges or expenses are disputed by City, the original invoice shall be returned by City to Consultant for correction and resubmission.

Review and payment by the City of any invoice provided by the Consultant shall not constitute a waiver of any rights or remedies provided herein or any applicable law.

2.3 Additional Services. City shall have the right at any time during the performance of the services, without invalidating this Agreement, to order extra work beyond that specified in the Scope of Services or make changes by altering, adding to, or deducting from said work. No such extra work may be undertaken unless a written order is first given by the Contract Officer to the Consultant, incorporating therein any adjustment in (i) the Contract Sum for the actual cost of the extra work, and/or (ii) the time to perform this Agreement, which said adjustments are subject to the written approval of the Consultant. Any increase in compensation of up to ten percent (10%) of the Contract Sum but not exceeding a total contract amount of Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000) or in the time to perform of up to ninety (90) days may be approved by the Contract Officer. Any greater increases, taken either separately or cumulatively, must be approved by the City Council. No claim for an increase in the Contract Sum or time for performance shall be valid unless the procedures established in this Section are followed.

3. PERFORMANCE SCHEDULE

3.1 Time of Essence. Time is of the essence in the performance of this Agreement.

3.2 Schedule of Performance. Consultant shall commence the services pursuant to this Agreement upon receipt of a written notice to proceed and shall perform all services within the time period(s) established in the “Schedule of Performance” attached hereto as Exhibit “D” and incorporated herein by this reference. When requested by the Consultant, 57 of 912
3 extensions to the time period(s) specified in the Schedule of Performance may be approved in writing by the Contract Officer but not exceeding thirty (30) days cumulatively.

3.3 Force Majeure. The time period(s) specified in the Schedule of Performance for performance of the services rendered pursuant to this Agreement shall be extended because of any delays due to unforeseeable causes beyond the control and without the fault or negligence of the Consultant, including, but not restricted to, acts of God or of the public enemy, unusually severe weather, fires, earthquakes, floods, epidemics, quarantine restrictions, riots, strikes, freight embargoes, wars, litigation, and/or acts of any governmental agency, including the City, if the Consultant shall within ten (10) days of the commencement of such delay notify the Contract Officer in writing of the causes of the delay. The Contract Officer shall ascertain the facts and the extent of delay and extend the time for performing the services for the period of the enforced delay when and if in the judgment of the Contract Officer such delay is justified. The Contract Officer’s determination shall be final and conclusive upon the parties to this Agreement. In no event shall Consultant be entitled to recover damages against the City for any delay in the performance of this Agreement, however caused, Consultant’s sole remedy being extension of the Agreement pursuant to this Section.

3.4 Term. Unless earlier terminated in accordance with Article 7 of this Agreement, this Agreement shall continue in full force and effect until completion of the services but not exceeding one (1) year from the date hereof, except as otherwise provided in the Schedule of Performance (Exhibit “D”). The City may, with Council approval, extend the Term for one (1) additional one-year terms by written amendment.

4. COORDINATION OF WORK

4.1 Representative of Consultant. John Teravskis is hereby designated as being the representative of Consultant authorized to act on its behalf with respect to the work and services specified herein and make all decisions in connection therewith. All personnel of Consultant and any authorized agents shall be under the exclusive direction of the representative of Consultant. Consultant shall utilize only competent personnel to perform services pursuant to this Agreement. Consultant shall make every reasonable effort to maintain the stability and continuity of Consultant’s staff and subcontractors and shall keep City informed of any changes.

4.3 Prohibition Against Subcontracting or Assignment. Consultant shall not contract with any entity to perform in whole or in part the work or services required hereunder without the express written approval of the City. Neither this Agreement nor any interest herein may be assigned or transferred, voluntarily or by operation of law, without the prior written approval of City. Any such prohibited assignment or transfer shall be void.

4.4 Independent Consultant. Neither the City nor any of its employees shall have any control over the manner, mode or means by which Consultant, its agents, or employees, perform the services required herein, except as otherwise set forth. Consultant shall perform all services required herein as an independent contractor of City with only such obligations as are 58 of 912
4 consistent with that role. Consultant shall not at any time or in any manner represent that it or any of its agents or employees are agents or employees of City, or that it is a member of a joint enterprise with City.

5. INSURANCE AND INDEMNIFICATION

5.1 Insurance Coverages. Without limiting Consultant’s indemnification of City, and prior to commencement of any services under this Agreement, Consultant shall obtain, provide, and maintain at its own expense during the term of this Agreement, policies of insurance of the type and amounts described below and in a form satisfactory to City. (a) General liability insurance. Consultant shall maintain commercial general liability insurance with coverage at least as broad as Insurance Services Office form CG 00 01, in an amount not less than $1,000,000 per occurrence, $2,000,000 general aggregate, for bodily injury, personal injury, and property damage. The policy must include contractual liability that has not been amended. Any endorsement restricting standard ISO “insured contract” language will not be accepted.
(b) Automobile liability insurance. Consultant shall maintain automobile insurance at least as broad as Insurance Services Office form CA 00 01 covering bodily injury and property damage for all activities of the Consultant arising out of or in connection with Services to be performed under this Agreement, including coverage for any owned, hired, non-owned or rented vehicles, in an amount not less than $1,000,000 combined single limit for each accident. (c) Professional liability (errors & omissions) insurance. Consultant shall maintain professional liability insurance that covers the Services to be performed in connection with this Agreement, in the minimum amount of $1,000,000 per claim and in the aggregate. Any policy inception date, continuity date, or retroactive date must be before the effective date of this Agreement and Consultant agrees to maintain continuous coverage through a period no less than three (3) years after completion of the services required by this Agreement. (d) Workers’ compensation insurance. Consultant shall maintain Workers’ Compensation Insurance (Statutory Limits) and Employer’s Liability Insurance (with limits of at least $1,000,000).
(e) Subcontractors. Consultant shall include all subcontractors as insureds under its policies or shall furnish separate certificates and certified endorsements for each subcontractor. All coverages for subcontractors shall include all of the requirements stated herein. (f) Additional Insurance. Policies of such other insurance, as may be required in the Special Requirements in Exhibit “B”.

5.2 General Insurance Requirements.
(a) Proof of insurance. Consultant shall provide certificates of insurance to City as evidence of the insurance coverage required herein, along with a waiver of subrogation endorsement for workers’ compensation. Insurance certificates and endorsements must be approved by City’s Risk Manager prior to commencement of performance. Current certification of insurance shall be kept on file with City at all times during the term of this Agreement. City 59 of 912
5 reserves the right to require complete, certified copies of all required insurance policies, at any time.
(b) Duration of coverage. Consultant shall procure and maintain for the duration of this Agreement insurance against claims for injuries to persons or damages to property, which may arise from or in connection with the performance of the Services hereunder by Consultant, its agents, representatives, employees or subconsultants. (c) Primary/noncontributing. Coverage provided by Consultant shall be primary and any insurance or self-insurance procured or maintained by City shall not be required to contribute with it. The limits of insurance required herein may be satisfied by a combination of primary and umbrella or excess insurance. Any umbrella or excess insurance shall contain or be endorsed to contain a provision that such coverage shall also apply on a primary and noncontributory basis for the benefit of City before the City’s own insurance or self-insurance shall be called upon to protect it as a named insured.
(d) City’s rights of enforcement. In the event any policy of insurance required under this Agreement does not comply with these specifications or is canceled and not replaced, City has the right but not the duty to obtain the insurance it deems necessary and any premium paid by City will be promptly reimbursed by Consultant or City will withhold amounts sufficient to pay premium from Consultant payments. In the alternative, City may cancel this Agreement. (e) Acceptable insurers. All insurance policies shall be issued by an insurance company currently authorized by the Insurance Commissioner to transact business of insurance or that is on the List of Approved Surplus Line Insurers in the State of California, with an assigned policyholders’ Rating of A- (or higher) and Financial Size Category Class VI (or larger) in accordance with the latest edition of Best’s Key Rating Guide, unless otherwise approved by the City’s Risk Manager.
(f) Waiver of subrogation. All insurance coverage maintained or procured pursuant to this agreement shall be endorsed to waive subrogation against City, its elected or appointed officers, agents, officials, employees and volunteers or shall specifically allow Consultant or others providing insurance evidence in compliance with these specifications to waive their right of recovery prior to a loss. Consultant hereby waives its own right of recovery against City and shall require similar written express waivers and insurance clauses from each of its subconsultants.
(g) Enforcement of contract provisions (non-estoppel). Consultant acknowledges and agrees that any actual or alleged failure on the part of the City to inform Consultant of non-compliance with any requirement imposes no additional obligations on the City nor does it waive any rights hereunder.
(h) Requirements not limiting. Requirements of specific coverage features or limits contained in this section are not intended as a limitation on coverage, limits or other requirements, or a waiver of any coverage normally provided by any insurance. Specific reference to a given coverage feature is for purposes of clarification only as it pertains to a given issue and is not intended by any party or insured to be all inclusive, or to the exclusion of other coverage, or a waiver of any type. If the Consultant maintains higher limits than the minimums shown above, the City requires and shall be entitled to coverage for the higher limits maintained by the 60 of 912
6 Consultant. Any available insurance proceeds in excess of the specified minimum limits of insurance and coverage shall be available to the City.
(i) Notice of cancellation. Consultant agrees to oblige its insurance agent or broker and insurers to provide to City with a thirty (30) day notice of cancellation (except for nonpayment for which a ten (10) day notice is required) or nonrenewal of coverage for each required coverage.
(j) Additional insured status. General liability policies shall provide or be endorsed to provide that City and its officers, officials, employees, and agents, and volunteers shall be additional insureds under such policies. This provision shall also apply to any excess/umbrella liability policies.
(k) Prohibition of undisclosed coverage limitations. None of the coverages required herein will be in compliance with these requirements if they include any limiting endorsement of any kind that has not been first submitted to City and approved of in writing. (l) Separation of insureds. A severability of interests provision must apply for all additional insureds ensuring that Consultant’s insurance shall apply separately to each insured against whom claim is made or suit is brought, except with respect to the insurer’s limits of liability. The policy(ies) shall not contain any cross-liability exclusions. (m) Pass through clause. Consultant agrees to ensure that its subconsultants, subcontractors, and any other party involved with the project who is brought onto or involved in the project by Consultant, provide the same minimum insurance coverage and endorsements required of Consultant. Consultant agrees to monitor and review all such coverage and assumes all responsibility for ensuring that such coverage is provided in conformity with the requirements of this section. Consultant agrees that upon request, all agreements with consultants, subcontractors, and others engaged in the project will be submitted to City for review. (n) Agency’s right to revise specifications. The City reserves the right at any time during the term of the contract to change the amounts and types of insurance required by giving the Consultant ninety (90) days advance written notice of such change. If such change results in substantial additional cost to the Consultant, the City and Consultant may renegotiate Consultant’s compensation.
(o) Self-insured retentions. Any self-insured retentions must be declared to and approved by City. City reserves the right to require that self-insured retentions be eliminated, lowered, or replaced by a deductible. Self-insurance will not be considered to comply with these specifications unless approved by City.
(p) Timely notice of claims. Consultant shall give City prompt and timely notice of claims made or suits instituted that arise out of or result from Consultant’s performance under this Agreement, and that involve or may involve coverage under any of the required liability policies.
(q) Additional insurance. Consultant shall also procure and maintain, at its own cost and expense, any additional kinds of insurance, which in its own judgment may be necessary for its proper protection and prosecution of the work.
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7 5.3 Indemnification. To the full extent permitted by law, Consultant agrees to indemnify, defend and hold harmless the City, its officers, employees and agents (“Indemnified Parties”) against, and will hold and save them and each of them harmless from, any and all actions, either judicial, administrative, arbitration or regulatory claims, damages to persons or property, losses, costs, penalties, obligations, errors, omissions or liabilities whether actual or threatened (herein “claims or liabilities”) that may be asserted or claimed by any person, firm or entity arising out of or in connection with the negligent performance of the work, operations or activities provided herein of Consultant, its officers, employees, agents, subcontractors, invitees, or any individual or entity for which Consultant is legally liable (“indemnitors”), or arising from Consultant’s or indemnitors’ reckless or willful misconduct, or arising from Consultant’s or indemnitors’ negligent performance of or failure to perform any term, provision, covenant or condition of this Agreement, except claims or liabilities occurring as a result of City’s sole negligence or willful acts or omissions. The indemnity obligation shall be binding on successors and assigns of Consultant and shall survive termination of this Agreement.

6. RECORDS, REPORTS, AND RELEASE OF INFORMATION

6.1 Records. Consultant shall keep, and require subcontractors to keep, such ledgers, books of accounts, invoices, vouchers, canceled checks, reports, studies or other documents relating to the disbursements charged to City and services performed hereunder (the “books and records”), as shall be necessary to perform the services required by this Agreement and enable the Contract Officer to evaluate the performance of such services and shall keep such records for a period of three years following completion of the services hereunder. The Contract Officer shall have full and free access to such books and records at all times during normal business hours of City, including the right to inspect, copy, audit and make records and transcripts from such records.

6.2 Reports. Consultant shall periodically prepare and submit to the Contract Officer such reports concerning the performance of the services required by this Agreement or as the Contract Officer shall require.

6.3 Confidentiality and Release of Information.
(a) All information gained, or work product produced by Consultant in performance of this Agreement shall be considered confidential, unless such information is in the public domain or already known to Consultant. Consultant shall not release or disclose any such information or work product to persons or entities other than the City without prior written authorization from the Contract Officer.
(b) Consultant shall not, without prior written authorization from the Contract Officer or unless requested by the City Attorney, voluntarily provide documents, declarations, letters of support, testimony at depositions, response to interrogatories or other information concerning the work performed under this Agreement. Response to a subpoena or court order shall not be considered “voluntary” provided Consultant gives the City notice of such court order or subpoena.
(c) If Consultant provides any information or work product in violation of this Agreement, then the City shall have the right to reimbursement and indemnity from Consultant for 62 of 912
8 any damages, costs, and fees, including attorney’s fees, caused by or incurred as a result of Consultant’s conduct.
(d) Consultant shall promptly notify the City should Consultant be served with any summons, complaint, subpoena, notice of deposition, request for documents, interrogatories, request for admissions or other discovery request, court order or subpoena from any party regarding this Agreement and the work performed thereunder. The City retains the right, but has no obligation, to represent Consultant or be present at any deposition, hearing, or similar proceeding. Consultant agrees to cooperate fully with the City and to provide the City with the opportunity to review any response to discovery requests provided by Consultant.

6.4 Ownership of Documents All studies, surveys, data, notes, computer files, reports, records, drawings, specifications, maps, designs, photographs, documents and other materials (the “documents and materials”) prepared by Consultant in the performance of this Agreement shall be the property of the City and shall be delivered to the City upon request of the Contract Officer or upon the termination of this Agreement, and Consultant shall have no claim for further employment or additional compensation as a result of the exercise by the City of its full rights of ownership use, reuse, or assignment of the documents and materials hereunder. Moreover, Consultant with respect to any documents and materials that may qualify as “works made for hire” as defined in 17 U.S.C. section 101, such documents and materials are hereby deemed “works made for hire” for the City.

7. ENFORCEMENT OF AGREEMENT AND TERMINATION

7.1 California Law. This Agreement shall be interpreted, construed, and governed both as to validity and to performance of the parties in accordance with the laws of the State of California. Legal actions concerning any dispute, claim or matter arising out of or in relation to this Agreement shall be instituted in the Superior Court of the County of Merced, State of California. In the event of litigation in a U.S. District Court, venue shall lie exclusively in the Eastern District of California.

7.2 Disputes; Default. In the event that Consultant is in default under the terms of this Agreement, the City shall not have any obligation or duty to continue compensating Consultant for any work performed after the date of default. Instead, the City may give notice to Consultant of the default and the reasons for the default. The notice shall include the timeframe in which Consultant may cure the default. This timeframe is presumptively thirty (30) days, but may be extended, if circumstances warrant. During the period of time that Consultant is in default, the City shall hold all invoices and shall, when the default is cured, proceed with payment on the invoices. If Consultant does not cure the default, the City may take necessary steps to terminate this Agreement under this Article.

7.3 Legal Action. In addition to any other rights or remedies, either party may take legal action, in law or in equity, to cure, correct or remedy any default, to recover damages for any default, to compel specific performance of this Agreement, to obtain declaratory or injunctive relief, or to obtain any other remedy consistent with the purposes of this Agreement.

Notwithstanding any contrary provision herein, Consultant shall file a statutory claim pursuant to Government Code Sections 905 et. seq. and 910 et. seq., in order to pursue any legal action under this Agreement.
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9 Except with respect to rights and remedies expressly declared to be exclusive in this Agreement, the rights and remedies of the parties are cumulative and the exercise by either party of one or more of such rights or remedies shall not preclude the exercise by it, at the same or different times, of any other rights or remedies for the same default or any other default by the other party.

7.4 Termination Prior to Expiration of Term. This Section shall govern any termination of this Contract except as specifically provided in the following Section for termination for cause. The City reserves the right to terminate this Contract at any time, with or without cause, upon thirty (30) days’ written notice to Consultant, except that where termination is due to the fault of the Consultant, the period of notice may be such shorter time as may be determined by the Contract Officer. In addition, the Consultant reserves the right to terminate this Contract at any time, with or without cause, upon sixty (60) days’ written notice to City, except that where termination is due to the fault of the City, the period of notice may be such shorter time as the Consultant may determine. Upon receipt of any notice of termination, Consultant shall immediately cease all services hereunder except such as may be specifically approved by the Contract Officer. Except where the Consultant has initiated termination, the Consultant shall be entitled to compensation for all services rendered prior to the effective date of the notice of termination and for any services authorized by the Contract Officer thereafter in accordance with the Schedule of Compensation or such as may be approved by the Contract Officer. In the event the Consultant has initiated termination, the Consultant shall be entitled to compensation only for the reasonable value of the work product actually produced hereunder, but not exceeding the compensation provided therefore in the Schedule of Compensation Exhibit “C”. In the event of termination without cause pursuant to this Section, the terminating party need not provide the nonterminating party with the opportunity to cure pursuant to Section 7.2.

7.5 Termination for Default of Consultant. If termination is due to the failure of the Consultant to fulfill its obligations under this Agreement, City may, after compliance with the provisions of Section 7.2, take over the work and prosecute the same to completion by contract or otherwise, and the Consultant shall be liable to the extent that the total cost for completion of the services required hereunder exceeds the compensation herein stipulated (provided that the City shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate such damages), and City may withhold any payments to the Consultant for the purpose of set-off or partial payment of the amounts owed the City as previously stated.

8. MISCELLANEOUS

8.1 Covenant Against Discrimination. Consultant covenants that, by and for itself, its heirs, executors, assigns and all persons claiming under or through them, that there shall be no discrimination against or segregation of, any person or group of persons on account of race, color, creed, religion, sex, gender, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, ancestry, or other protected class in the performance of this Agreement. Consultant shall take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed and that employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, color, creed, religion, sex, gender, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, ancestry, or other protected class.

8.2 Non-liability of City Officers and Employees. No officer or employee of the City shall be personally liable to the Consultant, or any successor in interest, in the event of 64 of 912
10 any default or breach by the City or for any amount, which may become due to the Consultant or to its successor, or for breach of any obligation of the terms of this Agreement.

8.3 Notice. Any notice, demand, request, document, consent, approval, or communication either party desires or is required to give to the other party or any other person shall be in writing and either served personally or sent by prepaid, first-class mail, in the case of the City, to the City Manager and to the attention of the Contract Officer (with her/his name and City title), City of Livingston, 1416 C Street, Livingston, CA 95334, and in the case of the Consultant, to the person(s) at the address designated on the execution page of this Agreement.

Either party may change its address by notifying the other party of the change of address in writing.

Notice shall be deemed communicated at the time personally delivered or in seventy-two (72) hours from the time of mailing if mailed as provided in this Section.

8.4 Integration; Amendment. It is understood that there are no oral agreements between the parties hereto affecting this Agreement and this Agreement supersedes and cancels any and all previous negotiations, arrangements, agreements, and understandings, if any, between the parties, and none shall be used to interpret this Agreement. This Agreement may be amended at any time by the mutual consent of the parties by an instrument in writing.

8.5 Severability. In the event that part of this Agreement shall be declared invalid or unenforceable by a valid judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect any of the remaining portions of this Agreement which are hereby declared as severable and shall be interpreted to carry out the intent of the parties hereunder unless the invalid provision is so material that its invalidity deprives either party of the basic benefit of their bargain or renders this Agreement meaningless.

8.6 Waiver. No delay or omission in the exercise of any right or remedy by non-defaulting party on any default shall impair such right or remedy or be construed as a waiver.

8.7 Attorneys’ Fees. If either party to this Agreement is required to initiate or defend or made a party to any action or proceeding in any way connected with this Agreement, the prevailing party in such action or proceeding, in addition to any other relief which any be granted, whether legal or equitable, shall be entitled to reasonable attorney’s fees, whether or not the matter proceeds to judgment.

8.8 Interpretation.

8.9 Counterparts.
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11 This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, and such counterparts shall constitute one and the same instrument.

8.10 Warranty & Representation of Non-Collusion. No official, officer, or employee of City has any financial interest, direct or indirect, in this Agreement, nor shall any official, officer, or employee of City participate in any decision relating to this Agreement which may affect his/her financial interest or the financial interest of any corporation, partnership, or association in which (s)he is directly or indirectly interested, or in violation of any corporation, partnership, or association in which (s)he is directly or indirectly interested, or in violation of any State or municipal statute or regulation. The determination of “financial interest” shall be consistent with State law and shall not include interests found to be “remote” or “noninterests” pursuant to Government Code Sections 1091 or 1091.5. Consultant warrants and represents that it has not paid or given, and will not pay or give, to any third party including, but not limited to, any City official, officer, or employee, any money, consideration, or other thing of value as a result or consequence of obtaining or being awarded any agreement. Consultant further warrants and represents that (s)he/it has not engaged in any act(s), omission(s), or other conduct or collusion that would result in the payment of any money, consideration, or other thing of value to any third party including, but not limited to, any City official, officer, or employee, as a result of consequence of obtaining or being awarded any agreement. Consultant is aware of and understands that any such act(s), omission(s) or other conduct resulting in such payment of money, consideration, or other thing of value will render this Agreement void and of no force or effect.

Consultant’s Authorized Initials _______

8.11 Corporate Authority. The persons executing this Agreement on behalf of the parties hereto warrant that (i) such party is duly organized and existing, (ii) they are duly authorized to execute and deliver this Agreement on behalf of said party, (iii) by so executing this Agreement, such party is formally bound to the provisions of this Agreement, and (iv) the entering into this Agreement does not violate any provision of any other Agreement to which said party is bound. This Agreement shall be binding upon the heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns of the parties.

8.12 Effective Date; Ratification of Prior Services. This Agreement is effective as of the Effective Date, notwithstanding that it may be executed thereafter. The parties acknowledge and agree that all services performed by Consultant on and after the Effective Date are governed by, and subject to all terms and conditions of, this Agreement, including without limitation the Contract Sum limitation in Section 2.1 and the insurance requirements in Article 5. The City hereby ratifies, adopts, and confirms all such services performed by Consultant between the Effective Date and the date of execution as if this Agreement had been fully executed on the Effective Date. [Signatures On The Following Page]
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12 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement on ___________,2026.

CITY:

CITY OF LIVINGSTON, a municipal
corporation

Jose A. Ramirez, City Manager
ATTEST:

Monica Cisneros, City Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM:

BURKE, WILLIAMS & SORENSEN, LLP

Marc B. Tran, City Attorney
CONSULTANT:

WGR Southwest, Inc.

By:

Name:

Title:

By:

Name:

Title:

Address:11780 N. Hwy 99
Lodi, CA 95240

Two corporate officer signatures required when Consultant is a corporation, with one signature required from each of the following groups: 1) Chairman of the Board, President, or any Vice President; and 2) Secretary, any Assistant Secretary, Chief Financial Officer, or any Assistant Treasurer. CONSULTANT’S

SIGNATURES SHALL BE DULY NOTARIZED, AND APPROPRIATE ATTESTATIONS SHALL BE

INCLUDED AS MAY BE REQUIRED BY THE BYLAWS, ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION, OR OTHER RULES OR REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO CONSULTANT’S BUSINESS ENTITY. 67 of 912
01222.0001/643601.1 A-1
EXHIBIT “A”

SCOPE OF SERVICES
I. Consultant will perform the following services:

A. Education & Outreach Support
B. ESCP Reviews as part of the Plan Check Process
C. SWPPP Reviews as part of the Plan Check Process
D. Quarterly Corp Yard Inspections
E. Review of Project-Specific DSP Plans
F. Other MS4 Permit Support:
• 2025-26 Phase II MS4 Annual Report & Effectiveness Assessment Preparation (E.14 & E.16)
• IDDE Outfall Monitoring (2026 & 2027) (E.9.c)
• Developing and sending Annual O&M Self-Certification Letters (2026-27) (E.12.i)
• Updating Various City Inventory Spreadsheets (E.11.a & b, E.9.b, E.12.h(ii), & Penalty Calculator)
• Pyrethroid Management Program Assistance
• Trash Management Program implementation and tracking
• Misc. Permit Support Respond to spills, SWPPP updates, ERP updates, City ordinances review, SSOs, or illicit discharges; assist with State / Federal audits and/or correspondence; City staff / council presentations; Community outreach events; etc.

II. As part of the Services, Consultant will prepare and deliver the following tangible work products to the City:

A. Not Applicable
III. In addition to the requirements of Section 6.2, during performance of the Services, Consultant will keep the City updated of the status of performance by delivering the following status reports:
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2 A. 2025-26 Phase II MS4 Annual Report & Effectiveness Assessment Preparation B. Plan Review Services for Public Works (Encroachment Permits) C. Plan Review Services for Building Department
IV. All work product is subject to review and acceptance by the City and must be revised by the Consultant without additional charge to the City until found satisfactory and accepted by City.

V. Consultant will utilize the following personnel to accomplish the Services:

A. Anthony Chavarria
B. Adabel Pirita
C. Noe Martinez
D. Miguel Galvez
E. Martha Abeloe
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01222.0001/643601.1 B-1
EXHIBIT “B”

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
(Superseding Contract Boilerplate)
Not Applicable
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C-1
01222.0001/643601.1
EXHIBIT “C”

SCHEDULE OF COMPENSATION
I. Consultant shall perform the following Services at the following rates:

ATTACHMENT A
WGR SouthwHt, Inc.

Estimated Costs for City of Livingston Phase II MS4 Permit Compliance P,ogram Support July 1, 2026 -June 30, 2027
Construction Program Element:
uartert Cor Yard Ins eetlons
Visual and Non-Storm Waler
Storm Water
Other MS4 Permit Sun1V1rt·
2024-25 Phase II MS4 Annual Reoort & Effectiveness Assessment PreoaraUon 111,cll Olscharoe Detection and Elimination IDDE Outfa11 MoRitorino Developing and sending Annual O&M Self-Certification Letters Uodatlna Various Cit lnvooto,v Soreadsheels
PYrethrold Manaaement Prooram Assistance
Trash Ma ement Prooram lmo~entatlon and ttacklna
Misc. Permit Support {lndudinci the evaluatlon of lhe new MS4 Permit) Addition.ii Costs
!Mileage
coars ~ to ,ne c,Yy bydeWJ/opef fees. Nuutberol pmj,eds estimated. "Estimated emol.lltfs
SCS • SMiorCOl'J1p"8tlce Spf'Cislist
cs • Compflaooe Spedali!t
12 RevteWs •
12 ReVteWs •
16 SCS Hours
4 Ins llons
4 Ins c1lons
1 Reoon
1 Annual lnsoection
16 cs Hours
24 CS Hours
4 SCS Hours
16 CS Hours
48 SCS Hours
Sub-tolals
$131 review S7,860
$430 review $5,160 S13,o20
$430 review S5.160 5160
$171 1hr. S2,736 $2 736
ctk>n S2,600 2 600
ctlon $2 600 $2 600
1(1i) $4,600 54,800
lor $1,700 S1.700
$131 1hr. S2,096
$131 /hr S3,144
$171 1hr. S684
$131 Jhr. S2.096
$171 Jhr. S8,208 $22 728
$0.67 IPer Mile !TBD
Total Estimated 2026•27 Cost; $48,844
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01222.0001/643601.1
II. A retention of ten percent (10%) shall be held from each payment as a contract retention to be paid as a part of the final payment upon satisfactory completion of services.

III. Within the budgeted amounts for each Task, and with the approval of the Contract Officer, funds may be shifted from one Task subbudget to another so long as the Contract Sum is not exceeded per Section 2.1, unless Additional Services are approved per Section 2.3.

IV. The City will compensate Consultant for the Services performed upon submission of a valid invoice. Each invoice is to include:

A. Line items for all the work performed, the number of hours worked, and the hourly rate.

B. Line items for all materials and equipment properly charged to the Services.

C. Line items for all other approved reimbursable expenses claimed, with supporting documentation.

D. Line items for all approved subcontractor labor, supplies, equipment, materials, and travel properly charged to the Services.

V. The total compensation for the Services shall not exceed the Contract Sum as provided in Section 2.1 of this Agreement.

VI. Consultant’s billing rates for all personnel are attached as Exhibit C-1. 72 of 912
D-1
01222.0001/643601.1
EXHIBIT “D”

SCHEDULE OF PERFORMANCE
I. Consultant shall perform all services timely in accordance with the following schedule:

A. Fiscal Year 2026/2027
II. The Contract Officer may approve extensions for performance of the services in accordance with Section 3.2.
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Page 1 of 3 ends

STAFF REPORT
AGENDA ITEM: Public Hearing and Adoption of the City of Livingstons 2025 Urban Water Management Plan and 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan MEETING DATE: August 18, 2026
PREPARED BY: Alfonso Manrique, Alternate City Engineer
REVIEWED BY: Jose A. Ramirez, City Manager
Anthony Chavarria, Public Works Director
RECOMMENDATION:

Conduct a public hearing to receive and consider public comments regarding the Draft 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) and 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP).

Following the public hearing, if no substantive changes are required, adopt the attached Resolutions approving the 2025 UWMP and WSCP.

BACKGROUND:

The Urban Water Management Planning Act (California Water Code Sections 10610 through 10656) requires urban water suppliers providing water to more than 3,000 service connections or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually to prepare and adopt a UWMP every five years. As the City of Livingston meets this definition, it is required to update its UWMP for the 2025 reporting cycl
The City adopted its previous UWMP and Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) on April 19, 2022. The Draft 2025 UWMP updates the City's long-range water resource planning using current water use information, population projections, regulatory requirements, and available water supply data through the year 2050. The WSCP, included as Chapter 8 of the UWMP and adopted separately by resolution, establishes the City's response procedures for water shortages and catastrophic supply interruptions.

DISCUSSION:

The 2025 UWMP has been prepared in accordance with the Urban Water Management Planning Act and the California Department of Water Resources' 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook. The UWMP serves as the City's primary long-range water planning document and evaluates the adequacy and reliability of available water supplies to meet existing and projected demands through the year 2050 under normal, single dry-year, and multiple dry-year conditions.

The Plan includes updated information regarding the City's service area, population projections, historical and projected water demands, groundwater supplies, water supply reliability, water system energy use, water loss performance, demand management measures, drought risk assessment, and future water supply planning. The UWMP concludes that the City's existing groundwater supplies are adequate to meet projected demands throughout the planning period under normal hydrologic conditions while continuing implementation of water conservation and demand management measures.
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Page 2 of 3 ends

The 2025 UWMP also documents the City's progress toward State water-use efficiency and distribution-system water-loss requirements. The City met its 2020 per-capita water use target under SB X7-7, with actual use of 164 gallons per capita per day (GPCD) compared to the City's adopted target of 165 GPCD, and water use was further reduced to 157 GPCD in 2025. The Plan also reports the City's progress toward the State Water Resources Control Board's 2028 Water Loss Performance Standards. Based on the most recent validated water-loss audit reported in the Plan, real water loss is 66.0 gallons per service connection per day (GPSCD), compared to the applicable 2028 standard of 13.1 GPSCD, and apparent water loss is 24.2 GPSCD, compared to the applicable standard of 23.2 GPSCD. Although the City is not required to meet these standards until 2028, the current results identify the need for continued efforts to reduce distribution-system losses. The City will continue to pursue leak detection and repair, meter accuracy improvements, system monitoring, and infrastructure repair and replacement through its distribution-system waterloss management program.

The Draft 2025 WSCP has also been updated in accordance with California Water Code Section 10632. The WSCP establishes six standardized water shortage levels ranging from shortages of up to 10 percent to shortages exceeding 50 percent. For each shortage level, the Plan identifies demand reduction targets, water use restrictions, communication strategies, enforcement procedures, and operational response actions necessary to maintain reliable water service during drought conditions or other water supply emergencies. The WSCP also includes procedures for annual water supply assessments, monitoring water supply conditions, responding to catastrophic supply interruptions, and terminating shortage response actions when emergency conditions have subsided.

Preparation of the Draft 2025 UWMP included coordination with surrounding agencies and compliance with the public participation requirements of the California Water Code. Notice of the City's intent to update the UWMP was provided to affected agencies more than 60 days prior to the public hearing. The Draft UWMP and WSCP were made available for public review at City Hall and on the City's website prior to the public hearing. Notice of the public hearing was published pursuant to Government Code Section 6066 and California Water Code Section 10642, and notice was also provided to the cities and counties within which the City provides water service.

Following adoption by the City Council, the City will submit the adopted 2025 UWMP and WSCP electronically to the California Department of Water Resources within 30 days, provide copies to the California State Library and the applicable cities and counties served by the City, and make the adopted documents available for public review as required by California Water Code Section 10644.

FISCAL IMPACT:

There is no direct fiscal impact associated with adoption of the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan or the 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan.

Maintaining a current UWMP is required by the California Water Code and is generally a prerequisite for eligibility to receive grants, loans, and other financial assistance administered by the California Department of Water Resources and other State funding agencies. Adoption of the 2025 UWMP will maintain the City's compliance with State requirements and preserve eligibility for future water infrastructure funding opportunities.
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Page 3 of 3 ends

ATTACHMENTS:

1. Resolution 2026-XX – A Resolution of the City Council of the City of Livingston adopting the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan.

2. Resolution 2026-XX – A Resolution of the City Council of the City of Livingston adopting the 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan.

3. Draft 2025 Urban Water Management Plan.
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Page 1 of 2 ends

RESOLUTION NO. 2026-

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LIVINGSTON ADOPTING THE 2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
WHEREAS, the Urban Water Management Planning Act (California Water Code Sections 10610 through 10656) requires every urban water supplier providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 service connections or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually to prepare and periodically update an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP); and
WHEREAS, California Water Code Section 10621 requires urban water suppliers to review and update their UWMP every five years and submit the adopted Plan to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR); and
WHEREAS, the City of Livingston is an urban water supplier as defined by California Water Code Section 10617 and previously adopted its 2020 Urban Water Management Plan on April 19, 2022; and
WHEREAS, the Draft 2025 Urban Water Management Plan has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act and the California Department of Water Resources 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook; and WHEREAS, pursuant to California Water Code Sections 10621 and 10642, the City provided notice of its intent to prepare the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan to the applicable public agencies, made the Draft 2025 Urban Water Management Plan available for public inspection, published notice of the public hearing in accordance with Government Code Section 6066, and provided notice of the hearing to the cities and counties within which the City provides water service; and
WHEREAS, a duly noticed public hearing was held by the City Council on August 18, 2026, during which all interested persons were given an opportunity to be heard and all comments received regarding the Draft 2025 Urban Water Management Plan were considered prior to adoption; and
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Livingston hereby resolve, find and order as follows:

1. Finds the above recitals are true and correct.

2. Adopts the City of Livingston 2025 Urban Water Management Plan.

3. Authorizes and directs the Public Works Director, or designee, to submit the adopted 2025 Urban Water Management Plan to the California Department of Water Resources, the California State Library, and all other agencies as required by California Water Code Section 10644, to make the adopted Plan available for public review, and to take all actions necessary to implement the requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act.

I hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution No. 2026- is a full, true and correct copy of a resolution duly passed and adopted by City Council of the City of Livingston at a regular meeting thereof duly held on the 18th day of August 2026, by the vote recorded as follows:
---
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Page 2 of 2 ends

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

By: ______________________________
Jose A. Moran, Mayor
of the City of Livingston
ATTEST:
___________________________________
Monica Cisneros, Deputy City Clerk
Of the City of Livingston

APPROVED AS TO LEGAL FORM
____________________________________
City Attorney or Assistant City Attorney
Of City of Livingston
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Page 1 of 2 ends

RESOLUTION NO. 2026-

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LIVINGSTON ADOPTING THE 2025 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN
WHEREAS, the Urban Water Management Planning Act (California Water Code Sections 10610 through 10656) requires every urban water supplier providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 service connections or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually to prepare and periodically update an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP); and
WHEREAS, California Water Code Section 10632 requires each urban water supplier to prepare and adopt a Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) that establishes the actions the supplier will undertake to respond to water shortages and catastrophic water supply interruptions; and
WHEREAS, the City of Livingston is an urban water supplier as defined by California Water Code Section 10617 and previously adopted its 2020 Water Shortage Contingency Plan on April 19, 2022; and
WHEREAS, the Draft 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act and the California Department of Water Resources 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook; and
WHEREAS, the 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan establishes six standard water shortage levels, identifies corresponding demand reduction actions, response measures, communication procedures, enforcement provisions, annual water supply assessment procedures, and actions to address catastrophic water supply interruptions in accordance with California Water Code Section 10632; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to California Water Code Sections 10621 and 10642, the City provided notice of its intent to prepare the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan and Water Shortage Contingency Plan to the applicable public agencies, made the Draft Water Shortage Contingency Plan available for public inspection, published notice of the public hearing in accordance with Government Code Section 6066, and provided notice of the hearing to the cities and counties within which the City provides water service; and WHEREAS, a duly noticed public hearing was held by the City Council on August 18, 2026, during which all interested persons were given an opportunity to be heard and all comments received regarding the Draft 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan were considered prior to adoption; and
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Livingston hereby:

1. Finds the above recitals are true and correct.

2. Adopts the City of Livingston 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan.

3. Authorizes and directs the Public Works Director, or designee, to submit the adopted 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan to the California Department of Water Resources in accordance with California Water Code Section 10644, make the adopted Plan available for public review, and take all actions necessary to implement the requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act and the Water Shortage Contingency Plan.
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Page 2 of 2 ends

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

By: ______________________________
Jose A. Moran, Mayor
of the City of Livingston
ATTEST:
___________________________________
Monica Cisneros, Deputy City Clerk
Of the City of Livingston

APPROVED AS TO LEGAL FORM
____________________________________
City Attorney or Assistant City Attorney
Of City of Livingston
---
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AM Consulting Engineers, Inc – 5150 N Sixth Street, Suite 124 – Fresno CA 93710 – P: 559.473.1371 – F: 559.513.8449

CITY OF LIVINGSTON
2025 URBAN WATER

MANAGEMENT PLAN
May 2026
Prepared by:

Consulting ~ Engineers
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City of Livingston
2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Table of contents
ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW.............................................................................................1

1.1. Background and Purpose ...................................................................................................................1

1.2. Urban Water Management Planning and the California Water Code...............................................1

1.2.1. Water Conservation Act of 2009 (SB X7-7).................................................................................2

1.3. Urban Water Management Plan in Relation to Other Planning Efforts ............................................2

1.4. 2025 UWMP Organization .................................................................................................................3

1.5. Updates from the 2025 UWMP .........................................................................................................4 CHAPTER 2 - PLAN PREPARATION.................................................................................................................5

2.1. Basis for Preparing a Plan ..................................................................................................................5

2.1.1. Public Water Systems..................................................................................................................5

2.1.2. Agencies Serving Multiple Service Areas/Public Water Systems................................................6

2.2. Individual or Regional Plan.................................................................................................................6

2.3. Fiscal or Calendar Year and Units of Measure...................................................................................7

2.3.1. Fiscal or Calendar Year................................................................................................................7

2.3.2. Units of Measure.........................................................................................................................7

2.4. Coordination and Outreach ...............................................................................................................7

2.4.1. Wholesale and Retail Coordination ............................................................................................7

2.4.2. Coordination with Other Agencies and the Community.............................................................8

2.4.3. Notice to Cities and Counties......................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 3 - SYSTEM DESCRIPTION............................................................................................................10

3.1. General Description .........................................................................................................................10

3.2. Service Area Map.............................................................................................................................11

3.3. Service Area Climate ........................................................................................................................11

3.4. Service Area Population and Demographics....................................................................................12

3.4.1. Service Area Current and Projected Population .......................................................................12

3.4.2. Other Social, Economic and Demographic Factors...................................................................13

3.5. Land Uses Within Service Area ........................................................................................................14 CHAPTER 4 - WATER USE CHARACTERIZATION...........................................................................................16 82 of 912
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Table of contents
iii

4.1. Non-Potable Versus Potable Water Use..........................................................................................16

4.2. Past, Current, and Projected Water Use by Sector..........................................................................16

4.2.1. Water Use Sectors Listed in Water Code..................................................................................17

4.2.2. Water Use Sectors in Addition to Those Listed in Water Code ................................................18

4.2.3. Past Water Use..........................................................................................................................19

4.2.4. Current Water Use ....................................................................................................................20

4.2.5. Projected Water Use.................................................................................................................21

4.2.6. Climate Change Considerations................................................................................................25

4.3. Distribution Water Loss ...................................................................................................................26

4.3.1. Previous Five Years Distribution System Losses .......................................................................27

4.3.2. Progress Toward Meeting the Water Loss Performance Standard ..........................................28 CHAPTER 5 - SB X7-7 BASELINES, TARGETS, AND COMPLIANCE ................................................................30

5.1. Baseline and Targets........................................................................................................................30

5.2. Gross per Capita Water Use Baselines and Targets.........................................................................30

5.3. Compliance with the 2020 Daily per Capita Water Use Target .......................................................30 CHAPTER 6 - NORMAL-YEAR WATER SUPPLY CHARACTERIZATION............................................................32

6.1. Water Supply Characterization........................................................................................................32

6.1.1. Purchased or Imported Water..................................................................................................32

6.1.2. Groundwater.............................................................................................................................32

6.1.3. Surface Water ...........................................................................................................................37

6.1.4. Stormwater...............................................................................................................................37

6.1.5. Wastewater and Recycled Water .............................................................................................37

6.1.6. Desalinated Water Opportunities.............................................................................................44

6.1.7. Water Exchanges or Transfers..................................................................................................44

6.1.8. Supply from Storage..................................................................................................................44

6.1.9. Other.........................................................................................................................................44

6.1.10. Future Water Projects.............................................................................................................44

6.2. Summary of Existing and Planned Sources......................................................................................45

6.3. Energy Use .......................................................................................................................................49 CHAPTER 7 - WATER SUPPLY RELIABILITY AND DROUGHT RISK ASSESSMENT...........................................52 83 of 912
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Table of contents
iv

7.1. Constraints on Water Sources .........................................................................................................52

7.1.1. Water Quality............................................................................................................................53

7.2. Water Service Reliability Assessment..............................................................................................58

7.2.1. Year Type Characterization.......................................................................................................58

7.2.2. Supply and Demand Comparison..............................................................................................59

7.2.3. Description of Management Tools and Options.......................................................................61

7.3. Drought Risk Assessment.................................................................................................................63

7.3.1. Data, Methodology, and Basis of Analysis................................................................................63

7.3.2. Water Supply Determination....................................................................................................65

7.3.3. Supply and Demand Comparison..............................................................................................66

7.3.4. Consideration of Climate Change and Other Factors ...............................................................66

7.3.5. Summary of Findings.................................................................................................................67 CHAPTER 8 - WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN ..............................................................................68

8.1. Water Supply Reliability Analysis.....................................................................................................69

8.2. Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment Procedures ..........................................................70

8.2.1. Decision Making Process...........................................................................................................72

8.2.2. Data and Methodologies...........................................................................................................73

8.3. Six Standard Water Shortage Stages................................................................................................73

8.4. Shortage Response Actions..............................................................................................................75

8.4.1. Supply Augmentation................................................................................................................77

8.4.2. Demand Reductions..................................................................................................................79

8.4.3. Operational Changes.................................................................................................................88

8.4.4. Additional Mandatory Restrictions...........................................................................................88

8.4.5. Emergency Response Plan ........................................................................................................89

8.4.6. Seismic Risk Assessment and Mitigation Plan ..........................................................................90

8.4.7. Shortage Response Action Effectiveness..................................................................................92

8.5. Communication Protocols................................................................................................................93

8.6. Compliance and Enforcement..........................................................................................................94

8.7. Legal Authorities..............................................................................................................................95

8.8. Financial Consequences of WSCP Activation...................................................................................96 84 of 912
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Table of contents
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8.9. Monitoring and Reporting ...............................................................................................................97

8.10. WSCP Refinement Procedures.......................................................................................................98

8.11. Special Water Feature Distinction .................................................................................................98

8.12. Plan Adoption, Submittal, Availability, and Amendment Procedures...........................................99 CHAPTER 9 - DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES..................................................................................100

9.1. Implementation over the Past Five Years......................................................................................101

9.2. Implementations to Achieve Water-Use Targets...........................................................................102

9.3. Required Demand Management Practices....................................................................................103

9.3.1. Water Waste Prevention Ordinance.......................................................................................103

9.3.2. Metering..................................................................................................................................103

9.3.3. Conservation Pricing ...............................................................................................................105

9.3.4. Public Education and Outreach...............................................................................................105

9.3.5. Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss............................................106

9.3.6. Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support.........................................107

9.3.7. Other Demand Management Measures.................................................................................107 CHAPTER 10 - PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AND IMPLEMENTATION...................................................108

10.1. Plan Completion Timeline............................................................................................................108

10.2. Notice of Plan Preparation...........................................................................................................108

10.3. Notice of Public Hearing ..............................................................................................................109

10.4. Public Hearing and Adoption .......................................................................................................110

10.5. Plan Submittal..............................................................................................................................110

10.5.1. Submitting a UWMP and WSCP to DWR...............................................................................111

10.5.2. Electronic Data Submittal .....................................................................................................111

10.5.3. Submitting UWMP, including WSCP, to the Cities and Counties..........................................111

10.5.4. Submitting UWMP to the Cities and Counties......................................................................111

10.6. Public Availability .........................................................................................................................111

10.7. Notification to Public Utilities Commission .................................................................................112

10.8. Plan Implementation ...................................................................................................................112

10.9. Amending an Adopted UWMP or WSCP......................................................................................112

10.9.1. Amending a UWMP...............................................................................................................112 85 of 912
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Table of contents
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10.9.2. Amending a Water Shortage Contingency Plan....................................................................112

APPENDIX A LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS

APPENDIX B NOTICE OF PLAN PREPARATION

APPENDIX C SERVICE AREA MAPS
APPENDIX D SB X7-7 COMPLIANCE FORM
APPENDIX E GROUNDWATER SUBBASIN BULLETIN 118

APPENDIX F ENERGY INTENSITY TABLES

APPENDIX G WATER CONSERVATION RESOLUTIONS

APPENDIX H PUBLICATION OF NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING

APPENDIX I NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING
APPENDIX J 2025 UWMP AND WSCP ADOPTING RESOLUTION
APPENDIX K 2025 UWMP CHECKLIST
List of Tables
Table ES-1 Overview of the 2025 UWMP .....................................................................................................1 Table ES-2 Population - Current and Projected Population..........................................................................3 Table ES-3 Retail Demands for Potable and Raw Water - Current and Projected........................................4 Table 2-1 Public Water Systems (Submittal Table 2-1).................................................................................6 Table 2-2 Plan Identification (Submittal Table 2-2) ......................................................................................7 Table 2-3 Supplier Identification (Submittal Table 2-3)................................................................................7 Table 2-4 Water Supplier Information Exchange (Submittal Table 2-4).......................................................8 Table 3-1 Climate Data................................................................................................................................12 Table 3-2 Population - Current and Projected (Submittal Table 3-1).........................................................13 Table 3-3 Land Use Designation within City of Livingston..........................................................................15 Table 4-1 Historical Water Use by Sector...................................................................................................19 Table 4-2 Last Five Years of Water Loss Audit Reporting ...........................................................................20 Table 4-3 Demands for Potable Water - Actual (Submittal Table 4-1) .......................................................21 Table 4-4 Projected Number of Total Connections by User Type...............................................................22 Table 4-5 Total Uses of Potable, and Non-Potable Water - Projected (Submittal Table 4-2) ....................23 Table 4-6 Inclusion in Water Use Projections (Submittal Table 4-3) ..........................................................24 Table 4-7 Water Loss Audit Reporting (Submittal Table 4-5) .....................................................................27 86 of 912
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Table of contents
vii
Table 4-8 Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard (Submittal Table 4-6)..........................................29 Table 5-1 Gross Per Capita Water Use Baselines and Targets Summary....................................................30 Table 5-2 SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress (Submittal Table 5-1) ..................................................................31 Table 6-1 Groundwater Well Capacity........................................................................................................33 Table 6-2 Groundwater Volume Pumped (Submittal Table 6-1)................................................................37 Table 6-3 Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2025 (Submittal Table 6-2) ................................39 Table 6-4 Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area in 2025 (Submittal Table 6- 3) 40
Table 6-5 Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area in 2025 (Submittal Table 6- 3) 41
Table 6-6 Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs (Submittal Table 6-7)..............................45 Table 6-7 Water Supplies — 2025 Actual (Submittal Table 6-8).................................................................47 Table 6-8 Water Supplies — Projected (Submittal Table 6-9) ....................................................................48 Table 6-9 Energy Reporting - Single Delivery Product - Total Utility Approach (DWR Table O-1B) ...........50 Table 6-10 Energy Reporting -Wastewater and Recycled Water (DWR Table O-2) ...................................51 Table 7-1 Groundwater Quality by Well .....................................................................................................54 Table 7-2 Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) (Submittal Table 7-1) ..................................59 Table 7-3 Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison (Submittal Table 7-2) ...............................................60 Table 7-4 Single Dry Year Supply and Use Comparison (Submittal Table 7-3) ...........................................60 Table 7-5 Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison (Submittal Table 7-4)......................................61 Table 7-6 Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment (Submittal Table 7-5).........................................................64 Table 8-1 Cross-reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels (Submittal Table 8-1) ......................74 Table 8-2 Water Shortage Contingency Plan Levels...................................................................................76 Table 8-3 Water Usage Reduction by Stage................................................................................................77 Table 8-4 Supply Augmentation and Other Actions (Submittal Table 8-2) ................................................78 Table 8-5 Demand Reduction Actions (Submittal Table 8-3)......................................................................83 Table 8-6 Emergency Actions During Seismic or Catastrophic Water Supply Emergencies.......................92 Table 10-1 Notification to Cities and Counties (Submittal Table 10-1) ....................................................109 87 of 912
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ABBREVIATIONS
AF Acre-Feet
AWWA American Water Works Association
ACS American Community Survey
AB Assembly Bill
AMR Automatic Radio Read Meter
CIMIS California Irrigation Management Information System CWC California Water Code
City City of Livingston
DMM Demand Management Measure
DOF Department of Finance
DWR Department of Water Resources
DDW Division of Drinking Water
DRA Drought Risk Assessment
EAR Electronic Annual Reports
ERP Emergency Response Plan
ETo Evapotranspiration
GPCD Gallons per Capita Day
gpm Gallons per Minute
GAC Granular Activated Carbon
GSA Groundwater Sustainability Agency
GSP Groundwater Sustainability Plan
in Inch
kWh Kilowatt-Hour
kWh/MG Kilowatt-Hours per Million Gallons
LAFCO Local Agency Formation Commission
MCL Maximum Contaminant Level
MHI Median Household Income
MIUGSA Merced Irrigation-Urban Groundwater Sustainability Agency MG Million Gallons
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MGD Million Gallons per Day
µg/L Microgram per Liter
PWS Public Water System
RHNA Regional Housing Needs Allocation
SB Senate Bill
EC Specific Conductivity
SOI Sphere of Influence
SWRCB State Water Resources Control Board
SWTP Surface Water Treatment Plant
SGMA Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
TCP 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
UWMP Urban Water Management Plan
UWMPA Urban Water Management Plan Act
WSCP Water Shortage Contingency Plan
WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant
WDR Waste Discharge Requirements
WRCC Western Regional Climate Center
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Executive Summary
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The City of Livingston (City) has prepared this 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) in accordance with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) for all urban water suppliers that provide water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 customers within the State of California. This 2025 UWMP follows the State’s requirements as defined in the California Water Code (CWC) and in the Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook 2025.

The 2025 UWMP will be adopted by the City of Livingston’s City Council following a duly noticed public hearing and submitted to DWR within 30 days of adoption, in compliance with statutory requirements.

The following sections of this Executive Summary provide an accessible overview of the key components of each chapter of the Plan. Table ES-1 summarizes the content included in each chapter of the 2025 UWMP.

Table ES-1 Overview of the 2025 UWMP
Chapter Information Within Chapter
Chapter 1 – Introduction and
Overview
• Overview of UWMP requirements and purpose.
• Plan organization and regulatory framework..

Chapter 2 – Plan Preparation • Basis for Plan preparation. • Coordination, outreach, and public participation.

Chapter 3 – System Description
• Description of the City of Livingston's service area and water system. • Climate and hydrologic characteristics.
• Current and projected population.
• Socioeconomics and demographics.

Chapter 4 – Water Use
Characterization
• Historical and projected water use and demand.
• Water loss and climate change considerations.

Chapter 5 – SB X7-7 Baselines,
Targets, and 2020 Compliance
• Baseline and target per capita water use.
• Demonstration of compliance with State requirements.

Chapter 6 – Normal-Year Water
Supply Characterization
• Description of the water supply sources and infrastructure. • Expected future water projects.
• Current and projected water supplies and recycled water uses. • Climate change and regulatory condition impacts to supplies.

Chapter 7 – Water Service
Reliability and Drought Risk
Assessment
• Description of constraints on the City’s groundwater supplies. • Evaluation of supply reliability under normal, single dry, and multiple dry year conditions.
• Updated Drought Risk Assessment (DRA).

Chapter 8 – Water Shortage
Contingency Plan
• Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment procedures. • Water shortage stages and response actions.
• Communication, enforcement, and emergency response planning.

Chapter 9 – Demand
Management Measures
• Description of implemented and planned Demand Measurement Measures.

Chapter 10 – Plan Adoption,
Submittal, and Implementation
• Procedures followed for 2025 UWMP noticing and adoption process. • Plan and amendment submittal process.

The City’s 2025 UWMP is based on a calendar year reporting period, with 2025 spanning from January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025. In accordance with UWMP requirements, the City reports actual water supply and demand for 2025 provides projectionsin five-year increments through 2050. These projections 90 of 912
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2 enable the City to evaluate long-term water supply reliability and identify potential impacts associated with population growth, climate change, and changes in regional water supply conditions.

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Water supply planning is a critical function of urban water suppliers, particularly as California continues to experience hydrologic variability, regulatory changes, and long-term climate change impacts. The UWMPA, enacted in 1983, established the requirement for urban water suppliers to prepare UWMPs and provides the framework for long-term water resources planning.

The UWMP serves as a key planning document that evaluates water supply availability, demand projections, and system reliability, while also informing the public, decision-makers, and regulatory agencies of the City’s water management strategies. The 2025 UWMP assesses the City of Livingston’s ability to meet current and future water demands under normal, single dry, and multiple dry year conditions, consistent with CWC requirements.

This 2025 UWMP is intended to serve as a planning-level, adaptable document that can be updated as conditional changes or new information becomes available. This UWMP, along with other City of Livingston planning documents, will be used by City staff to guide water use and management efforts through the year 2030, when the UWMP is required to be updated.

CHAPTER 2 – PLAN PREPARATION
The City has prepared this 2025 UWMP in accordance with the UWMPA, sections 10610 through 10656 of the CWC. This UWMP summarizes the City’s projected retail water demands and characterizes the available water supplies to meet those demands for the years of 2030 through 2050. It also evaluates the reliability of the City’s groundwater supplies and describes the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) for responding to drought conditions and catastrophic supply interruptions.

As detailed in Chapter 2, the City has coordinated with surrounding water management agencies, water retailers, public agencies, and members of the community during preparation of this 2025 UWMP. Prior to the public hearing and adoption, the draft UWMP was available for review at the City of Livingston City Hall located at 1416 C Street, Livingston, CA 95334, and as a PDF on the City’s website (www.cityoflivingston.org) prior to the public hearing. Following adoption, the final 2025 UWMP will continue to be available at Livingston City Hall and on the City’s website in accordance with statutory requirements.

CHAPTER 3 – SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Chapter 3 describes the City’s potable water service area and water system, which provide the foundation for the water use, supply reliability, and drought planning analyses presented throughout this UWMP. The City provides potable water service to approximately 14,441 residents in 2025, in addition to commercial, industrial, institutional, and public customers located within the City’s service area. The City is located north of central Merced County, approximately 115 miles southeast of San Francisco and 290 northwest of Los Angeles. The City is centrally located between Stockton and Fresno along the State Highway 99 corridor. The Union Pacific Railroad passes through the City along the general alignment of State Highway

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3 The City of Livingston is the governing agency and the sole purveyor of potable water within the City limits.

The City owns and operates a public water system that provides water services to 3,608 metered connections. Historically, the City has provided water to residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional customers and for fire protection by use of nine (9) groundwater wells. The City relies entirely on groundwater extracted from the Merced Subbasin of the San Joaquin Valley Groundwater Basin, which is managed under the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) through coordinated Groundwater Sustainability Plans (GSPs). The Merced Subbasin has been identified as a critically overdrafted basin and is required to achieve groundwater sustainability by 2040.

Chapter 3 also summarizes existing and projected population, along with key demographic, socioeconomic, and land use characteristics within the City’s planning area. Population projections are based on the California Department of Finance 2025 population estimate and assume an average annual growth rate of approximately 1.54 percent, consistent with historical population trends. he City’s population is projected to increase from approximately 14,441 persons in 2025 to 21,167 persons by 2050.

These projections support long-term water demand forecasting, infrastructure planning, and evaluation of future water supply reliability throughout the UWMP planning horizon.

Table ES-2 Population - Current and Projected Population Population
Served
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
14,441 15,589 16,828 18,165 19,609 21,167
NOTES:
(1)Population projections are based on the 2025 DOF population estimate for the City of Livingston service area and assume a continued average annual population growth rate of 1.54 percent.
(2)Projected population values are rounded to the nearest whole person.

CHAPTER 4 – WATER USE CHARACTERIZATION
Chapter 4 describes historical, current, and projected water use within the Livingston service area and provides the basis for evaluating future water demands. Water use is characterized by customer class, including residential, commercial, institutional, industrial, and landscape irrigation, as well as system demands such as distribution system losses. Historical production and consumption records, combined with projected population growth, provide the foundation for estimating future water requirements. The water use projections presented in this chapter enable the City to effectively evaluate water resource needs, support long-term planning, and ensure continued reliable service to customers.

This chapter also evaluates historical water use trends and current water demand conditions, which are used to develop projected demands throughout the UWMP planning horizon. Demand projections incorporate anticipated population growth, historical usage patterns, and other relevant planning factors.

These projected demands allow the City to assess future supply needs, plan capital improvements, and make informed infrastructure investment decisions. Projected water demands developed for the UWMP planning horizon are summarized in Table ES-3 and are used in subsequent chapters to evaluate longterm water supply reliability and drought resilience. 92 of 912
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4 Table ES-3 Retail Demands for Potable and Raw Water - Current and Projected Use Type 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Single Family Residential 488 527 569 614 663 716
Multi Family Residential 48 52 56 61 66 71
Commercial(1) 117 127 137 148 160 172
Industrial 1,604 1,732 1,869 2,018 2,178 2,352
Landscape Irrigation 46 50 54 58 63 68
Other Potable 4 4 4 5 5 5
Distribution System Water Loss 124 124 124 124 124 124
TOTAL 2,616 2,616 2,814 3,028 3,258 3,507
NOTES:
(1)The City tracks commercial and institutional customer water uses as one.

CHAPTER 5 – SB X7-7 BASELINES, TARGETS, AND 2020 COMPLIANCE Chapter 5 documents the City’s compliance with the Water Conservation Act of 2009 (SB X7-7), which established a statewide goal to reduce urban per capita water use by 20 percent by 2020. In accordance with these requirements, the City previously developed baseline water use and corresponding reduction targets, expressed in gallons per capita per day (GPCD), using approved DWR methodologies during previous UWMP cycles.

The City established its 2020 water use target using Method 1, which applies a 20 percent reduction to baseline water use. Based on this approach, the City adopted a 2020 target of 165 GPCD. As documented in this 2025 UWMP, the City achieved this target, with an actual 2020 water use of 164 GPCD.

CHAPTER 6 – NORMAL-YEAR WATER SUPPLY CHARACTERIZATION
Chapter 6 describes the City of Livingston’s existing and projected water supplies and provides an overview of the infrastructure, facilities, and operational framework used to deliver potable water to customers throughout the service area. The City relies entirely on groundwater produced from municipal wells completed within the Merced Subbasin of the San Joaquin Valley Groundwater Basin. The City owns and operates multiple active groundwater wells with sufficient production capacity to meet existing customer demands under normal-year conditions, subject to seasonal operating conditions, well maintenance, and system reliability considerations. Water is conveyed through the City’s distribution system, which includes transmission and distribution pipelines, storage tank, booster pump facilities, and related infrastructure necessary to maintain adequate service pressures and fire flow capacity.

Chapter 6 also evaluates factors that may influence long-term water supply reliability and availability, including groundwater basin conditions, climate variability, water quality considerations, regulatory requirements, energy use, and operational constraints associated with groundwater production and distribution. Because the City relies exclusively on groundwater supplies, sustainable groundwater management within the Merced Subbasin remains critical to maintaining long-term water supply reliability. The Merced Subbasin has been identified as a critically overdrafted basin under SGMA, and the City continues to participate in regional groundwater sustainability planning and coordination efforts through the Merced Irrigation-Urban Groundwater Sustainability Agency (MIUGSA) and other regional stakeholders.
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5 The chapter further summarizes the City’s wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal operations. The City owns and operates a wastewater treatment and disposal system that serves residential, commercial, and industrial customers within the community. Treated wastewater is currently managed through evaporation and percolation ponds, which provide incidental groundwater recharge benefits within the basin. At this time, the City does not produce disinfected tertiary recycled water for direct non-potable reuse applications; however, future recycled water opportunities may be evaluated as part of the City’s long-term water resource planning strategy.

Chapter 6 additionally presents current and projected normal-year water supplies through the 2050 UWMP planning horizon and identifies planned or potential future water supply projects intended to maintain reliable water service.

CHAPTER 7 – WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY AND DROUGHT RISK

ASSESSMENT
Water supply reliability describes the long-term reliability of the City to meet the water needs of its customers under varying conditions. Chapter 7 evaluates the reliability of the City’s water supplies to meet current and projected demands under normal, single dry, and multiple dry year conditions, as required by the CWC. This analysis compares projected water supplies and demands over the planning horizon to identify potential shortages and assess long-term system reliability.

The City’s primary water supply, groundwater, has historically demonstrated a high level of reliability.

Based on current supply assumptions and projected demands, the City expects to meet water demands under all hydrologic conditions evaluated in this UWMP.

This chapter also includes an updated Drought Risk Assessment (DRA), which evaluates water supply reliability over a five-year drought scenario. The results indicate that the City has sufficient supplies to meet projected demands during extended drought conditions by implanting demand management measures to maintain groundwater supply reliability.

Factors that may affect long-term water supply reliability, including climate change, regulatory conditions, and operational constraints, are also considered. These findings support the City’s conclusion that it has a reliable water supply and is well-positioned to respond to future drought conditions through planning and operational flexibility.

CHAPTER 8 – WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN
Chapter 8 presents the City’s WSCP, which establishes a structured framework for responding to water supply shortages and emergency conditions. The WSCP is prepared in accordance with CWC requirements and identifies procedures and actions the City will implement to manage water supplies during shortages.

The WSCP includes defined water shortage levels, ranging from normal conditions to severe shortages, and identifies corresponding response actions for each level. These actions include demand reduction measures, supply augmentation strategies, operational adjustments, and mandatory water use restrictions, as appropriate to local conditions.

The chapter also describes the City’s Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment (AWSDA) procedures, which are used to evaluate current supply conditions and determine whether a water shortage stage 94 of 912
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6 should be declared. Communication protocols, compliance and enforcement mechanisms, and procedures for addressing catastrophic supply interruptions are also addressed.

The WSCP provides a proactive and flexible approach to managing water shortages, ensuring that the City can protect public health and safety, maintain essential services, and minimize impacts to customers during droughts and other emergency events.

CHAPTER 9 – DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES
Chapter 9 describes the City’s Demand Management Measures (DMMs), which are implemented to promote water use efficiency and support long-term water supply reliability. These measures are consistent with CWC requirements and reflect the City’s ongoing commitment to water conservation.

The chapter summarizes the City’s DMMs implemented over the past five years, as well as planned and ongoing programs. These measures include water conservation programs, public education and outreach, water system operations and maintenance practices, and actions to reduce water loss within the distribution system.

The City’s demand management efforts are designed to improve water use efficiency, reduce overall water demand, and support compliance with State requirements, including long-term water use efficiency standards. These programs also play an important role in maintaining water supply reliability during drought conditions and supporting sustainable water management.

CHAPTER 10 – PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AND IMPLEMENTATION Chapter 10 describes the procedures followed by the City for the public review, adoption, and submittal of the 2025 UWMP, in accordance with CWC requirements. The City provided notice of UWMP preparation to applicable agencies and made the draft Plan available for public review prior to a duly noticed public hearing. Following the public hearing, the City Council of the City of Livingston considered all comments received and adopted the UWMP by resolution.

Within 30 days of adoption, the UWMP will be submitted to the DWR, the California State Library, and other required entities. The final adopted UWMP will be made available to the public at City Hall and on the City’s website (Home Page | Livingston CA).

This chapter also outlines the City’s approach to implementing the UWMP and maintaining compliance with applicable requirements, including periodic review and updates, as well as coordination with future planning efforts.
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1 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

1.1. Background and Purpose
The California Water Code requires all urban water suppliers within the State to prepare and adopt Urban Water Management Plans (UWMP) for submission to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR). The UWMPs must be updated every five years and satisfy the requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act (UWMPA) of 1983 including amendments that have been made to the Act. The UWMPA applies to urban water suppliers that provide water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 service connections or supply more than 3,000-acre feet (AF) of water annually.

The UWMP serves as a comprehensive planning document intended to guide long-term water resource management. It supports the efficient use of available water supplies, promotes water conservation, and ensures that adequate and reliable water supplies are available to meet existing and future demands. The UWMP also establishes a framework for responding to drought conditions and other potential water supply shortages.

The City of Livingston (City) has prepared this 2025 UWMP in compliance with the CWC, Division 6, Part

2.6 (Sections 10610 through 10656), and in accordance with current DWR guidelines and applicable statutory requirements.

The primary objectives of the UWMP are to:
• Support long-term, reliable water supply planning
• Ensure efficient use of available water resources
• Assess the adequacy of water supplies under varying hydrologic conditions • Identify water supply and demand management strategies • Provide a framework for responding to droughts and water shortages This 2025 UWMP builds upon the City’s previous UWMPs, including the most recent 2020 UWMP, and reflects updated data, regulatory requirements, and planning assumptions. The Plan evaluates water supply reliability over a minimum 20-year planning horizon, through 2050, and incorporates current requirements related to drought planning, water use efficiency, and climate resilience.

1.2. Urban Water Management Planning and the California Water Code Water planning is a fundamental responsibility of urban water suppliers and is increasingly important as California continues to experience hydrologic variability, prolonged drought conditions, and evolving regulatory requirements. The UWMPA establishes a consistent framework for long-term water supply planning to ensure that water agencies evaluate future demands, available supplies, and system reliability.

The UWMPA, codified in Division 6, Part 2.6 of the CWC Sections 10610 through 10656, requires urban water suppliers to prepare and update UWMPs every five years. These plans must assess water supply reliability over a minimum 20-year planning horizon in five-year increments and evaluate conditions under normal, single-dry, and drought scenarios.

Since its adoption, the UWMPA has been amended to expand planning requirements and improve the State’s ability to manage water resources. Current UWMP requirements include, but are not limited to:
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2 • Evaluation of current and projected water demands and supplies • Quantification of distribution system water loss
• Consideration of climate change impacts on water supply and demand • Reporting of energy use associated with water system operations • Assessment of water supply reliability under multiple hydrologic conditions • Preparation of a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA)
• Development of a Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) with standardized shortage levels and response actions
• Implementation and reporting of Demand Management Measures (DMMs) In addition to the UWMPA, several key pieces of legislation have further refined urban water management planning:
• SB 606 (2018) – Strengthened drought planning requirements, including five consecutive dry-year reliability assessments and Drought Risk Assessments
• AB 1668 (2018) – Established long-term water use efficiency standards • AB 1414 (2019) – Enhanced water loss reporting and groundwater coordination requirements • SB 606 (2018) – Required reporting of energy use associated with water systems • CWC Section 10632 – Expanded requirements for Water Shortage Contingency Plans • CWC Section 10630.5 – Requires inclusion of a lay description summarizing key UWMP findings These updates reflect a shift toward more robust drought preparedness, improved water use efficiency, and increased transparency in water management.

A complete copy of the UWMPA is provided in Appendix A.

1.2.1. Water Conservation Act of 2009 (SB X7-7)
The Water Conservation Act of 2009 (SB X7-7) established a statewide goal to reduce urban per capita water use by 20 percent by the year 2020. To support this goal, urban retail water suppliers were required to develop baseline water use estimates, interim targets, and 2020 compliance targets.

The City of Livingston previously established its baseline and targets in prior UWMPs and has demonstrated compliance with its 2020 target. While SB X7-7 established the initial framework for urban water conservation, ongoing water use efficiency requirements are now governed by more recent legislation, including SB 606 and AB 1668, which establish long-term water use efficiency standards.

The City continues to monitor and report water use in accordance with State requirements and incorporates water use efficiency into its long-term planning and Demand Management Measures.

1.3. Urban Water Management Plan in Relation to Other Planning Efforts The 2025 UWMP is one component of the City’s broader water resources planning framework and is intended to be consistent with, and supported by, other planning documents, regulatory programs, and capital improvement efforts. The UWMP serves as a planning tool to evaluate long-term water supply reliability, projected demands, infrastructure needs, and drought preparedness in coordination with related City and regional planning initiatives. Key planning efforts related to this UWMP include:
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3 • Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP): Incorporated into this UWMP pursuant to CWC Section 10632, the WSCP establishes procedures for responding to water shortage conditions, including defined shortage stages, demand reduction measures, supply augmentation actions, communication protocols, and enforcement procedures.
• Groundwater Sustainability Planning: The City relies on groundwater supplies within the Merced Subbasin and coordinates regionally through implementation of the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). Groundwater Sustainability Plan efforts, basin management strategies, and long-term aquifer sustainability considerations are important factors in evaluating future water supply reliability.
• SB X7-7 and Water Use Efficiency Requirements: The City continues to comply with State water conservation and reporting requirements, including historic SB X7-7 targets and ongoing implementation of urban water use efficiency standards established under SB 606 and AB 1668. • 2040 General Plan Update: The City’s General Plan provides land use, circulation, housing, and growth policy guidance that informs population projections, service area development patterns, and future water demand assumptions used in this UWMP. Coordination between land use planning and water infrastructure planning helps ensure orderly and sustainable growth. • Regional and Local Planning Documents: Additional coordination may include Merced County planning documents, regional transportation planning, stormwater management planning, economic development initiatives, and neighboring agency coordination that may influence future service demands or infrastructure needs.

Together, these planning efforts provide a coordinated approach to managing water resources, maintaining critical infrastructure, protecting groundwater reliability, and ensuring dependable water service for the City under both normal and drought conditions.

1.4. 2025 UWMP Organization
The information contained in this 2020 UWMP corresponds to the requirement of the UWMPA, as codified in the CWC and as amended since the 2020 UWMP. This 2025 UWMP has been organized in accordance with the DWR 2025 UWMP Guidebook and follows the recommended structure for plan preparation and reporting. The following provides a summary of each chapter and a brief description of the content included in this UWMP:
• Chapter 1 - Introduction and Overview: This chapter provides an overview of the UWMP, including regulatory context, purpose, and key planning requirements. It also includes the required lay description, which presents a clear and accessible summary of the Plan’s major findings, water supply reliability, and key challenges. • Chapter 2 - Plan Preparation: This chapter describes the basis for preparing the UWMP, including coordination with other agencies, stakeholder outreach, and compliance with statutory notification and public participation requirements.
• Chapter 3 - System Description: This chapter includes a general description of the City’s water supply system, including a description of the City’s service area, climate, projected population, and other social, economic, and demographic factors.
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4 • Chapter 4 - System Water Use: This chapter describes historical, current, and projected water uses within City’s service area. It includes an evaluation of water demands by sector, distribution system water losses, and factors influencing future demand, including climate change considerations.
• Chapter 5 – SB X7-7 Baselines, Targets and 2020 Compliance: This chapter documents the City’s compliance with the State’s water conservation requirements, including baseline water use, established targets, and progress toward achieving those targets. • Chapter 6 - Normal Water Year Supply Characteristics: This chapter identifies and quantifies the existing and projected water supplies available to the City, including groundwater and recycled water. It also evaluates future supply reliability and opportunities to optimize water resources. • Chapter 7 - Water Supply Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment: This chapter evaluates the reliability of the City’s water supplies over a 20-year planning horizon under normal, single dry years, and five consecutive dry year conditions. It also includes the required Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) to assess potential supply shortages and risks. • Chapter 8 - Water Shortage Contingency Plan: This chapter presents the City’s WSCP, including standardized shortage levels, response actions, and procedures for addressing both gradual drought conditions and sudden supply interruptions.
• Chapter 9 - Demand Management Measures: This chapter describes the City’s water conservation programs and demand management measures (DMMs), including past implementation efforts and planned actions to reduce long-term water demand. • Chapter 10 - Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation: This chapter outlines the procedures for public review, hearing, and adoption of the UWMP. It also describes the submittal process to DWR and other agencies, and the City’s approach to implementing and maintaining the Plan.

1.5. Updates from the 2025 UWMP
This 2025 UWMP builds upon the City’s 2020 UWMP and incorporates updated data, revised methodologies, and new regulatory requirements. Key updates include:
• Updated population, demand, and supply projections using current data. • Updated water loss reporting and demand management measures. • Inclusion of the Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) updated for the 2025 planning cycle. • Expanded Water Shortage Contingency Plan consistent with current statutory requirements.

The 2025 UWMP reflects current conditions and provides an updated framework for long-term water supply planning.
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5 CHAPTER 2 - PLAN PREPARATION
This chapter provides the basis for preparation of the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan and describes the various levels of regional coordination efforts employed by the City in developing the plan. The chapter also identifies the reporting period and units of measure used by the City to report water supply, demand, and water use information throughout the 2025 UWMP.

In addition, this chapter summarizes the coordination and public outreach activities undertaken during preparation of the 2025 UWMP. Coordination with neighboring agencies, regional water management entities, and stakeholders, as well as outreach to customers and the public, are essential components of developing a comprehensive, accurate, and transparent Urban Water Management Plan.

2.1. Basis for Preparing a Plan
CWC Section 10617
“Urban water supplier” means a supplier, either publicly or privately owned, providing water for municipal purposes either directly or indirectly to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually. An urban water supplier includes a supplier or contractor for water, regardless of the basis of right, which distributes or sells for ultimate resale to customers. This part applies only to water supplied from public water systems subject to Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 116275) of Part 12 of Division 104 of the Health and Safety Code.

CWC Section 10608.12
(t) “Urban retail water supplier” means a water supplier, either publicly or privately owned, that directly provides potable municipal water to more than 3,000 end users or that supplies more than 3,000 acre-feet of potable water annually at retail for municipal purposes. (w) “Urban wholesale water supplier” means a water supplier, either publicly or privately owned, that provides more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually at wholesale for potable municipal purposes.

CWC Section 10620
(b) Every person that becomes an urban water supplier shall adopt an urban water management plan within one year after it has become an urban water supplier.

CWC Section 10621
(a) Each urban water supplier shall update its plan at least once every five years on or before July 1, in years ending in six and one, incorporating updated and new information from the five years preceding each update.

The City of Livingston supplies water for municipal purposes to a population of approximately 14,717 through a total of number of 3,608 metered service connections (as of December 31, 2025). Thus, the City is classified as an “urban water supplier” as defined in Section 10617 of the CWC. In accordance with the CWC, as an urban water supplier, the City is required to update its UWMP every five years. The City submitted its first UWMP to DWR in 2005. The 2025 UWMP represents the City’s fifth UWMP submission

2.1.1. Public Water Systems
California Health and Safety Code 116275 (h)
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6 “Public Water System” means a system for the provision of water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances that has 15 or more service connections or regularly serves at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year.
23 CCR Section 980(ddd):
(1) If the supplier owns and operates at least one public water system that has provided an average annual total of 3,000 AF of water or more for municipal purposes for the previous two years, or has served an annual average of 3,000 or more municipal service connections (i.e., residential [single or multifamily], commercial, institutional, industrial, or landscape irrigation) for the previous two years.

The City of Livingston owns and operates a Public Water System (PWS No. CA2410004) that is regulated by the State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water (SWRCB-DDW). The SWRCB-DDW requires routine reporting by public water systems to demonstrate compliance with applicable drinking water regulations.

To satisfy these requirements, the City submits Electronic Annual Reports (EARs) under the SWRCB-DDW Drinking Water Program, which includes annual water production, water use, and system information. In addition to the annual EAR submittals, City also files monthly Water Conservation and Production Reports with the SWRCB. The City further submits validated water audits, annual water supply and demand assessments (AWSDA), and annual Urban Water Use Objective (UWUO) reports to DWR through the Water Use Efficiency Data (WUEdata) Portal. All information presented in this UWMP is consistent with the data reported through the eARs, monthly reports, and DWR WUEdata submittals.

2.1.2. Agencies Serving Multiple Service Areas/Public Water Systems The City serves only one PWS. Information describing this PWS is shown below in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1 Public Water Systems (Submittal Table 2-1)
Public Water System
Number
Public Water System
Name
Number of Municipal
Connections 2025
Volume of
Water Supplied
2025 (MG)
CA2410004 City of Livingston 3,608 1,615

2.2. Individual or Regional Plan
The City is the sole urban water supplier within its service area; therefore, preparation of a regional urban water management plan was not considered feasible for this planning cycle. Although regional reporting may be considered in the future, the City has elected to prepare an Individual Urban Water Management Plan for the 2025 UWMP.

This 2025 UWMP has been prepared to address only the City’s service area and satisfies all applicable requirements of the CWC. Plan identification and reporting approach are summarized in Table 2-2, which confirms that the City has prepared an individual UWMP. 101 of 912
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7 Table 2-2 Plan Identification (Submittal Table 2-2)
Select
Only One Type of Plan
Name of RUWMP
or Regional
Alliance
☒ Individual UWMP
☐ Water Supplier is also a member of a RUWMP
☐ Water Supplier is also a member of a Regional Alliance Regional Urban Water Management Plan (RUWMP)

2.3. Fiscal or Calendar Year and Units of Measure
CWC Section 10608.20
(a)(1) Urban retail water suppliers…may determine the targets on a fiscal year or calendar year basis.

2.3.1. Fiscal or Calendar Year
Water suppliers may report data on either a fiscal year or calendar year basis; however, the DWR prefers calendar year reporting to ensure consistency with other State reporting requirements. The City reports all data on a calendar year basis. The 2025 UWMP is therefore required to include water use and planning data for the entire 2025 calendar year. Accordingly, all information presented in this 2025 UWMP reflects the full 2025 calendar year and is consistent with data submitted to the State.

2.3.2. Units of Measure
Water agencies use various units of measure when reporting water volumes, including acre-feet (AF), million gallons (MG), and hundred cubic feet (CCF). While agencies may report water volumes using any of these units, consistency must be maintained throughout the UWMP. The City reports all water volumes in million gallons (MG). Table 2-3 summarizes the agency type, reporting year basis, and units of measurement used throughout this 2025 UWMP.

Table 2-3 Supplier Identification (Submittal Table 2-3) Type of Supplier
☐ Supplier is a wholesaler
☒ Supplier is a retailer
Fiscal or Calendar Year
☒ UWMP Tables are in calendar years
☐ UWMP Tables are in fiscal years
Units of measure used in UWMP
Unit MG

2.4. Coordination and Outreach

2.4.1. Wholesale and Retail Coordination
CWC Section 10631 (h) An urban water supplier that relies upon a wholesale agency for a source of water shall provide the wholesale agency with water use projections from that agency for that source 102 of 912
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8 of water in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available. The wholesale agency shall provide information to the urban water supplier for inclusion in the urban water supplier’s plan that identifies and quantifies, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water as required by subdivision (b), available from the wholesale agency to the urban water supplier over the same fiveyear increments, and during various water-year types in accordance with subdivision (f). An urban water supplier may rely upon water supply information provided by the wholesale agency in fulfilling the plan informational requirements of subdivisions (b) and (f).

When an urban water supplier relies on a wholesale water supplier, both agencies are required to exchange information regarding projected water supplies and demands. These projections must be consistent between the wholesale and retail suppliers to ensure coordinated planning, as required by Section 10631 of the California Water Code (CWC).

The City of Livingston does not receive water from any wholesale agency. Standard Table 2-4 is included below indicating that the information requested does not apply to the City of Livingston.

Table 2-4 Water Supplier Information Exchange (Submittal Table 2-4) The retail Supplier has informed the following wholesale supplier(s) of projected water use in accordance with Water Code Section 10631.

Wholesale Water Supplier Name
Not Applicable

2.4.2. Coordination with Other Agencies and the Community CWC Section 10620
(d)(3) Each urban water supplier shall coordinate the preparation of its plan with other appropriate agencies in the area, including other water suppliers that share a common source, water management agencies, and relevant public agencies, to the extent practicable.

CWC Section 10642
Each urban water supplier shall encourage the active involvement of diverse social, cultural, and economic elements of the population within the service area prior to and during the preparation of both the plan and the water shortage contingency plan...

In preparation of this 2025 UWMP, the City coordinated with other appropriate agencies in the region, to the extent practicable, in accordance with CWC Sections 10620(d)(3) and 10621(b). Coordination efforts were undertaken to promote consistency in regional water planning and to provide affected agencies with notice of the UWMP preparation process.
• City of Atwater
• City of Merced
• County of Merced
• Merced County Association of Governments
• Merced Irrigation District
These agencies were notified of the City’s intent to prepare the 2025 UWMP and were invited to participate in the planning process, as appropriate. Copies of the notification letters sent to each agency are included in Appendix B.
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9 2.4.3. Notice to Cities and Counties
CWC Section 10621(b)
Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan pursuant to this part shall, at least 60 days before the public hearing on the plan required by Section 10642, notify any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies that the urban water supplier will be reviewing the plan and considering amendments or changes to the plan.

CWC Section 10621(b) requires urban water suppliers to notify any city or county within which they provide water service that the UWMP is being reviewed and updated. Such notification must be provided at least 60 days prior to the public hearing on the UWMP In compliance with this requirement, the City notified the City of Merced, County of Merced, and the Merced County Association of Governments, of the preparation of the 2025 UWMP and invited each agency to participate in the review process. 104 of 912
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10 CHAPTER 3 - SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
This chapter describes the City’s potable water service area and water system. Consistent with the requirements of the UWMPA , this chapter provides background information on the City’s role as an urban retail water supplier, the geographic extent of the service area, and the general characteristics of the water system that influence water use, demand projections, and long-term planning. The information presented in this chapter establishes the context for subsequent analyses of water use, water supply reliability, and drought risk presented in later chapters of this UWMP.

3.1. General Description
CWC Section 10631.
(a) Describe the service area of the supplier, including current and projected population, climate, and other social, economic, and demographic factors affecting the supplier’s water management planning.

The projected population estimates shall be based upon data from the state, regional, or local service agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier and shall be in fiveyear increments to 20 years or as far as data is available. The description shall include the current and projected land uses within the existing or anticipated service area affecting the supplier’s water management planning. Urban water suppliers shall coordinate with local or regional land use authorities to determine the most appropriate land use information, including, where appropriate, land use information obtained from local or regional land use authorities, as developed pursuant to Article 5 (commencing with Section 65300) of Chapter 3 of Division 1 of Title 7 of the Government Code.

The City of Livingston provides potable water service to a population of approximately 14,441 residents, as well as commercial, industrial, and public facilities within its service area boundary. Located in north central Merced County within the Central Valley of California, the City is approximately 115 miles southeast of San Francisco and 290 northwest of Los Angeles. Incorporated as a City in 1922, Livingston is centrally located between Stockton and Fresno along the State Highway 99 corridor. The Union Pacific Railroad passes through the City along the general alignment of State Highway 99.

The City of Livingston is the governing agency and the sole purveyor of water within City limits. The City owns and operates a public water system that provides water services to 3,608 metered connections.

Historically, the City has provided water to residential, commercial/institutional, and industrial customers and for fire protection by use of groundwater wells. The City currently uses eight active wells, Well Nos. 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, and 17, to extract groundwater from the Merced Subbasin. The City’s ninth groundwater well, Well No. 15, services as a standby source. The City’s groundwater wells have individual capacities ranging from 800 gallons per minute (gpm) to 2,000 gpm.

The groundwater underlying the City is part of the larger San Joaquin Valley Groundwater Basin within the San Joaquin River Hydrologic Region. The San Joaquin Valley Groundwater Basin is further divided into nine subbasins. The City lies within the Merced Subbasin, just south of the boundaries of the Turlock Subbasin. The City’s wells currently draw water from the non-adjudicated groundwater subbasin with no limits on pumping and that has been labeled as being in a critical state of overdraft.

Livingston is a highly productive agricultural community, where industry includes both farming and agricultural processing. Foster Farms is the largest employer in Livingston and in Merced County with 3,900 employees. Foster Farms is also the largest water user in the City, accounting for over 50 percent 105 of 912
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11 of the City’s annual water sales. Foster Farms currently uses an average of approximately 5 MG per day for processing. This annual average consumption has remained relatively constant since 2001.

3.2. Service Area Map
A service area map is included in Appendix C of this 2025 UWMP. The service area map contains the City limits, the potable water service area boundary (same as the public water system boundary), the location of the water supply wells, and the layout of the distribution system (with pipe sizes).

3.3. Service Area Climate
CWC Section 10631(a)
A plan shall… Describe the service area of the supplier, including … climate… CWC Section 10630
It is the intention of the Legislature, in enacting this part, to permit levels of water management planning… while accounting for impacts from climate change.

The City is located within the north central portion of Merced County, which is characterized by an inland Mediterranean type of climate. Summers are typically warm and dry, while winters are cool and moist.

Nearly nine-tenths of the annual precipitation falls during the period of November through April. Rainfall during the summer is rare and very light. Livingston enjoys a very high percentage of sunshine, receiving more than 80 percent of the possible amount during all but the four months of November, December, January, and February. Reduction of sunshine during these months is caused by fog and short periods of stormy weather.

Historical climate data for the Livingston area has been maintained by Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC) has maintained for more than a century. Based on WRCC records, average January temperatures range from a maximum of approximatley 53.7°F to a minimum of 38.1°F, while average July temperatures range from a maximum of approximatley 94.6°F to a minimum of 62.6°F. Annual precipitation within the City’s service area averages approximately 11.88 inches, with the majority of precipitation occurring between November and April. Snow is a rare occurrence for the City.

Evapotranspiration (ETo) data is used to assess climatic water demand associated with landscape irrigation. The California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) does not maintain a monitoring station within the City of Livingston; therefore, representative ETo data for the City’s service area were developed using CIMIS stations located in the City of Merced, which is located 16 miles southeast of the City. The Merced station is considered to represent the climatic conditions affecting outdoor water use within the City of Livingston.

Table 3-1 summarizes the average monthly precipitation, temperature, and reference evapotranspiration applicable to the City of Livingston’s service area.
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12 Table 3-1 Climate Data
Month
Avg.

Precipitation
(in)(1)
Avg.

Snowfall
(in)(1)
Avg. Max
Temp (°F)(1)
Avg. Min
Temp (°F)(1)
Avg. Eto
(in)(2)
January 2.28 0.0 53.7 38.1 1.24
February 2.07 0.0 60.6 41.7 2.04
March 1.85 0.0 66.5 44.4 3.63
April 1.05 0.0 72.6 48.5 5.02
May 0.43 0.0 80.1 53.1 6.97
June 0.10 0.0 88.5 58.6 7.98
July 0.01 0.0 94.6 62.6 8.47
August 0.02 0.0 92.6 61.0 7.57
September 0.18 0.0 86.9 57.8 5.56
October 0.59 0.0 76.9 51.6 3.60
November 1.24 0.0 63.9 42.9 1.80
December 2.06 0.0 53.4 38.0 1.08
Annual Total/Average 11.88 0.0 74.2 49.9 54.96
NOTES:
(1)Data obtained from the WRCC based on records from January 1, 1893 through December 31, 2016 for the Turlock #2, California Station (049073).
(2) Data obtained from the CIMIS, for the Merced Station.

3.4. Service Area Population and Demographics

3.4.1. Service Area Current and Projected Population
CWC Section 10631(a)
Describe the service area of the supplier, including current and projected population …The projected population estimates shall be based upon data from the state, regional, or local service agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier and shall be in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available.

Population estimates and projections are a fundamental component of the UWMP and are used to evaluate current and future water demands, assess system capacity, and support long-term supply reliability. In accordance with DWR guidance and UWMP requirements, population data presented in this section is based on the most reliable and current information available and is applied using reasonable and conservative planning assumptions.

The City of Livingston, like many communities throughout the Central Valley, has experienced sustained population growth over the past several decades, and current trends indicate continued growth through the UWMP planning horizon. This growth reflects broader regional demographic patterns, including demand for more affordable housing, continued economic activity in the San Joaquin Valley, and ongoing residential and commercial development. Planning for increased water demand associated with population growth is an important component of the City’s UWMP. Accordingly, the UWMP evaluates and 107 of 912
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13 plans for the effects of continued growth on the City’s long-term water supply reliability and system capacity.

According to the United States Census Bureau decennial Census, the population of the City of Livingston was 10,437 in 2020, 13,058 in 2010, and 14,172 in 2020. Based on these historic census values, the City experienced an average annual growth rate of approximately 1.54 percent between the 2000 and 2020 Census.

The California Department of Finance (DOF) prepares annual population estimates for incorporated cities and counties throughout the State. The most recent DOF estimate indicates the City of Livingston had an estimated 2025 population of approximately 14,441 residents. able 3-2 presents projected population estimates for the UWMP planning horizon in five-year increments through 2050. Projections are based on the City’s estimated 2025 population of and assume a continued annual average growth rate of 1.54 percent. While actual future growth rates may vary due to economic, housing, and regional development conditions, these projections provide a reasonable planning basis for estimating future water demand and evaluating long-term system needs.

Table 3-2 Population - Current and Projected (Submittal Table 3-1) Population
Served
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
14,441 15,589 16,828 18,165 19,609 21,167
NOTES:
(1)Population projections are based on the 2025 DOF population estimate for the City of Livingston service area and assume a continued average annual population growth rate of

1.54 percent.
(2)Projected population values are rounded to the nearest whole person.

3.4.2. Other Social, Economic and Demographic Factors
CWC Section 10631
(a) Describe the service area of the supplier, including… other social, economic and demographic factors affecting the supplier’s water management planning.

Based on the recent data provided by the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS), the most represented ethnicity in the City of Livingston is Hispanic or Latino, comprising approximately 70 percent of the population. The median age of the City’s population is approximately 33.0 years old, reflecting a relatively young community The Census estimates indicate that roughly 8.0 percent of the population is under 5 years, 31.7 percent of the population is under 18 years, 68.3 percent of the population is 18 years or older, and 10.5 percent is 65 years or older. Approximately 0.5 percent of the population consists of veterans, of which 96.2 percent are male and 3.8 percent are female.

According to the ACS data, educational attainment levels within the City reflect a broad range of completed education levels among residents. Approximately 25.5 percent of the population within the City have received their high school diploma or equivalent degree, 13.9 percent have received some college experience but no degree, 5.0 percent have received an associate degree, 8.5 percent have received a bachelor’s degree, and 2.3 percent have received a graduate or professional degree. 108 of 912
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14 The Median Household Income (MHI) for the City is approximately $74,494, which remains approximately below the statewide average MHI of $100,149. The Census estimates also indicate that approximately

17.1 percent of the population lives below the poverty level, compared to the of the statewide average of approximately 12 percent. These socioeconomic conditions are important considerations for long-term water management planning, including water service affordability, participation in conservation programs, rate-setting considerations, and prioritization of capital infrastructure improvements.

The main industries for the civilian employed population 16 years or older in the City of Livingston consists of educational services and health care and social assistance (22.6 percent), manufacturing (17.8 percent), agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, and mining (13.3 percent), transportation and warehousing and utilities (10.7 percent), arts, entertainment, and recreations, and accommodation and food services (10.0 percent), retail trade (9.4 percent), professional, scientific, and management and administrative and waste management services (5.0 percent), construction (3.7 percent), wholesale trade (2.3 percent), and other services except public administration (2.1 percent).

3.5. Land Uses Within Service Area
The City of Livingston’s land use planning framework is guided by the City’s General Plan and associated land use policies, which identify the location and type of future development anticipated within the City limits and Sphere of Influence (SOI). The SOI is determined by the Merced County Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCo), which is responsible for reviewing and approving annexations and proposed boundary changes by incorporated municipalities within the County. The City’s SOI represents the ultimate anticipated growth boundary for long-term municipal service planning, including future water service expansion.

The City exercises land use authority within the incorporated City limits, while lands located outside the City limits but within the SOI remain under the jurisdiction of Merced County until formally annexed.

During the preparation of this 2025 UWMP, the City was in the process of updating its 2040 General Plan to reflect current development trends, housing needs, infrastructure planning, and long-term growth objectives. The City’s planning documents and projected land use patterns were considered in development of the population and water demand projections presented throughout this UWMP.

According to the City’s General Plan land use designations, the incorporated City limits encompasses approximately 1,844 acres (2.88 square miles), while the City’s SOI encompasses approximately 2,590 acres (4.04 square miles). Agricultural and orchard land uses continue to comprise a substantial portion of the planning area, reflecting the City’s historic agricultural setting and surrounding rural land uses.

Residential land uses, including low-, medium-, and high-density residential designations, represent a significant component of the developed urban area and are expected to continue expanding over the planning horizon consistent with projected population growth and housing development. Commercial, industrial, public facilities, school, park, and civic land uses support the City’s urban services, employment base, and community facilities.

Within the current City limits, orchard land uses account for approximately 27.5 percent of total acreage, while residential land uses collectively account for approximately 20.7 percent of the incorporated area.

Agricultural uses represent approximately 16.3 percent of land within the City limits but comprise a substantially larger percentage of land within the SOI, indicating the potential for future urban expansion 109 of 912
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15 over the long-term planning horizon. Industrial land uses account for approximately 5.9 percent of the City limits and support the City’s local economic base, including food processing and agricultural-related industries. Vacant lands located both within the City limits and SOI provide opportunities for future residential, commercial, industrial, and public facility development anticipated under the City’s long-range planning documents.

Table 3-3 summarizes the acreage and percentage of land use designation within both the existing City limits and SOI based on available General Plan land use information.

Table 3-3 Land Use Designation within City of Livingston Land Use Designation
Within
City Limits
Within Sphere of
Influence
Acres Percent of
Total Acres Percent of Total
Agriculture 300.0 16.3% 977.5 37.7%
Orchard 507.8 27.5% 507.8 19.6%
Irrigation 1.7 0.1% 1.7 0.1%
Low Density Residential 343.3 18.6% 359.1 13.9%
Medium Density Residential 7.7 0.4% 11 0.4%
High Density Residential 30.5 1.7% 31.7 1.2%
Commercial 19.6 1.1% 19.6 0.8%
Highway Commercial 6.0 0.3% 6 0.2%
Neighborhood Commercial 1.1 0.1% 1.1 0.0%
Industrial 109.7 5.9% 111.1 4.3%
Church 15.7 0.9% 15.7 0.6%
Parking 0.8 0.0% 1 0.0%
Public Facility 114.2 6.2% 114.2 4.4%
Civic Center 1.3 0.1% 1.3 0.1%
City Well 0.6 0.0% 0.6 0.0%
Drainage 5.1 0.3% 5.1 0.2%
Park 19.3 1.0% 19.3 0.7%
Wastewater Treatment Plant 29.0 1.6% 40 1.5%
SPRR 29.2 1.6% 42.1 1.6%
School 73.0 4.0% 73 2.8%
Vacant 228.5 12.4% 251.5 9.7%
TOTAL 1,844 100% 2,590 100%
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16 CHAPTER 4 - WATER USE CHARACTERIZATION
This chapter characterizes historical, current, and projected water use within the City’s service area through the 25-year planning horizon. In accordance with the CWC and the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, this chapter evaluates water use by customer sector, distinguishes between potable and non-potable demands, and identifies distribution system water losses. Historical water use data, combined with population and land use projections, form the basis for estimating future water demands. The information presented in this chapter supports long-term water supply planning, infrastructure investment decisions, and assessment of water supply reliability under varying hydrologic and climatic conditions. Climate change considerations and water use efficiency trends are also incorporated to ensure that projected demands reflect anticipated changes in customer behavior, regulatory requirements, and environmental conditions.

4.1. Non-Potable Versus Potable Water Use
The City of Livingston’s potable water supply consists entirely of groundwater produced from the City’s municipal well system. Groundwater is extracted from nine (9) wells completed within the Merced Subbasin of the San Joaquin Valley Groundwater Basin and is distributed through the City’s potable water system to residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, and landscape customers.

The City currently does not utilize recycled water to meet any potable or non-potable water demands within the service area. At this time, wastewater generated within the City is not treated to disinfected tertiary standards and therefore is not suitable for reuse application or used to meet any of the City’s water demands.

4.2. Past, Current, and Projected Water Use by Sector
CWC Section 10635.
(a) Every urban water Supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years. This water supply and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the long-term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state, regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.

Section 10631(d)
(1) For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available, past and current water use, over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), and projected water use, based upon information developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use sectors, including, but not necessarily limited to, all of the following… (2). The water use projections shall be in the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a). (4)(A) Water use projections, where available, shall display and account for the water savings estimated to result from adopted codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans identified by the urban water supplier, as applicable to the service area. 111 of 912
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17 (B) To the extent that an urban water supplier reports the information described in subparagraph (A), an urban water supplier shall do both of the following: (i) Provide citations of the various codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans utilized in making the projections. (ii) Indicate the extent that the water use projections consider savings from codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans. Water use projections that do not account for these water savings shall be noted of that fact.

This section describes how historical water use data, current demand conditions, and projected future water use are evaluated to support long-term water supply planning for the City of Livingston. Water use is reported and analyzed in five-year increments, consistent with CWC requirements, to identify trends in demand and to support assessment of water supply reliability over the UWMP planning horizon. The information presented in this section provides the foundation for evaluating the adequacy of existing and planned water supplies under normal, single dry-year, and multiple dry-year conditions, as discussed in subsequent chapters of this 2025 UWMP.

4.2.1. Water Use Sectors Listed in Water Code
CWC Section 10631(d)
(1) For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available, past and current water use, over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), and projected water use, based upon information developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use sectors, including, but not necessarily limited to, all of the following:
(A) Single-family residential.
(B) Multifamily.
(C) Commercial.
(D) Industrial.
(E) Institutional and governmental.
(F) Landscape.
(G) Sales to other agencies.
(H) Saline water intrusion barriers, groundwater recharge, or conjunctive use, or any combination thereof.
(I) Agricultural.
(J) Distribution system water loss.

This 2025 UWMP characterizes water use within the City’s service area by customer sector, consistent with the water use categories identified in the CWC. Metered water deliveries are grouped into defined demand sectors to quantify how water is used across the service area. Evaluating the number of active service accounts and the volume of water delivered to each sector provides insight into customer water use patterns and supports the development and targeting of effective water conservation and demand management measures. Tables 4-3 and 4-4 provide the City’s actual 2025 water demands, and projected water demands through 2050.
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18 The following water use sectors apply to the City’s service area:
• Single-Family Residential – A single-family customers generally consists of an individual parcel containing one primary dwelling unit. Water use associated with this sector is reported as retail demand and represents a major portion of total system demand. • Multi-Family Residential – Multiple customers include duplexes, apartments, townhomes, mobile home parks, and other developments containing multiple dwelling units served through one or more master meters. Water use associated with this sector is reported as retail demand. • Commercial – Commercial users include businesses that provide goods or services such as retail stores, offices, restaurants, lodging, and service establishments. Water use associated with this sector is reported as retail demand.
• Industrial – Industrial users include manufacturing, food processing, warehousing, and similar facilities with process water or operational demands. Water use associated with this sector is reported as retail demand.
• Institutional/Governmental – This sector includes schools, parks, municipal buildings, public facilities, and other governmental or institutional customers. Water use associated with this sector is reported as retail demand.
• Landscape – Landscape demand includes irrigation accounts serving parks, medians, greenbelts, athletic fields, and other dedicated landscaped areas where separately metered. • Distribution System Losses – Reporting distribution system losses is required by the CWC.

Distribution system losses are discussed further in Section 4.3.4.

For this 2025 UWMP, the following sectors are not applicable to the City’s water service area:
• Sales to Other Agencies
• Conjunctive Use
• Groundwater Recharge
• Saline Water Intrusion Barriers
• Agricultural

4.2.2. Water Use Sectors in Addition to Those Listed in Water Code To provide clarity, the following water use sectors are also not applicable to the City’s UWMP:
• Exchanges
• Surface Water Augmentation
• Transfers
• Wetlands or Wildlife Habitat
According to the City’s annual water audit reports for the period 2020 through 2024, approximately 34 MG was used for flushing activities (directional flushing program, auto flushers and tank cleaning). This type of water usage is considered unbilled, metered authorized consumption that is derived from the summation of manual meter reads calculated from flushing volumes. For this 2025 UWMP, this demand is categorized under the “other” water use sector.
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19 4.2.3. Past Water Use
CWC Section 10631(d)(1)
For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available, past and current water use, over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), and projected water use, based upon information developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use sectors, including, but not necessarily limited to, all of the following… (J) Distribution system water loss….

CWC Section 10631(d)(3)
(A) The distribution system water loss shall be quantified for each of the five years preceding the plan update, in accordance with rules adopted pursuant to Section 10608.34. (B) The distribution system water loss quantification shall be reported in accordance with a worksheet approved or developed by the department through a public process. The water loss quantification worksheet shall be based on the water system balance methodology developed by the American Water Works Association.
(C) In the plan due July 1, 2021, and in each update thereafter, data shall be included to show whether the urban retail water supplier met the distribution loss standards enacted by the board pursuant to Section 10608.34.

CWC Section 10631(d) requires urban retail water suppliers to quantify past and current water use, to the extent records are available, and identify uses among water use sectors, including distribution system water loss. Table 4-1 summarizes the City’s water usage by water use sector over most recent five-year period (2020 through 2024). These historical volumes are consistent with those presented in the 2020 UWMP, EARs, and annual water audit reports submitted to the DWR for the corresponding years.

Table 4-1 Historical Water Use by Sector
Use Type
Water Use (MG)
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Single Family 580 579 547 506 497
Multi-Family 58 60 57 47 47
Commercial(1) 89 99 114 114 112
Industrial 1,850 1,631 1,606 1,549 1,479
Landscape 61 51 45 42 48
Other Potable 1 30 1 2 1
Distribution System Water Loss 142 92 39 48 300
TOTAL 2,779 2,542 2,408 2,308 2,483
NOTES:
(1)Includes Institutional/Governmental.

Distribution system water losses represent the difference between the volume of water entering the distribution system (metered at each groundwater well) and the volume of water metered and billed to customers. These losses include a combination of real losses (such as pipeline leaks), apparent losses (such as meter inaccuracies or data handling errors), and unauthorized consumption (such as water theft). 114 of 912
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Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
20 CWC Section 10631(d)(3) requires urban retail water suppliers to quantify distribution system water losses for the five years preceding the UWMP update using the American Water Works Association (AWWA) water balance methodology. The City evaluates distribution system losses annually using the AWWA methodology and has submitted annual water audit reports to DWR since 2017.

Table 4-2 summarizes the reported distribution system water losses for the past five years based on the City’s annual water audit reports. The most recent reporting period reflects the 12-month period ending December 31, 2024.

Table 4-2 Last Five Years of Water Loss Audit Reporting Year Volume of Water Loss(1)
2020 142
2021 92
2022 39
2023 48
2024 300
Notes:
(1)Includes a combination of unbilled/unmetered authorized consumption, apparent losses and real losses as reported in the City's water audit reports.

The City continues to implement operational and infrastructure improvements intended to reduce both real and apparent water losses within the distribution system. Based on the City’s validated annual water audits, reported water losses ranged from approximately 39 MG to 300 MG annually during the 2020 through 2024 reporting period. Variations in annual water loss volumes may reflect changes in system operations, data validity, metering accuracy, leak occurrence, authorized unbilled consumption, and improvements in audit methodology and reporting practices.

To improve the accuracy and reliability of water system data, the City has implemented flow accuracy testing on all active groundwater supply wells and continues to conduct routine calibration and verification activities as part of its water system operations. The City has also continued implementation of its meter modernization program, including the replacement of older manual-read customer meters with Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) devices to improve meter accuracy, billing consistency, and system monitoring capabilities. In addition, customer meter accuracy testing is performed on select accounts exhibiting abnormal consumption patterns, questionable billing reads, or customer-reported concerns.

The City also continues to promote water conservation and leak awareness through public outreach efforts, including conservation messaging distributed through the City’s website and social media platforms. Looking forward, the City plans to implement a customer-facing water use monitoring application that will allow customers to monitor real-time water consumption and receive alerts regarding potential leaks or abnormal usage patterns. The planned system is expected to improve leak detection capabilities on both the utility and customer side of the meter, enhance overall system efficiency, and support long-term water loss reduction and water audit accuracy goals.

4.2.4. Current Water Use
CWC Section 10631(d)
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21 (1) For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available …current water use… based upon information developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use sectors…
Table 4-3 reports the City’s actual potable water demands for the 2025 calendar year. The City breaks down metered water deliveries into single family residential, multi-family residential, commercial, industrial, landscape irrigation, and other potable (i.e. flushing activities). The City tracks commercial and institutional customer water uses as one.

Distribution system losses are calculated by subtracting the total volume of groundwater by the amount of authorized consumption. For the 2025 calendar year, water losses accounted for approximately 5 percent of the water that was produced and distributed.

Table 4-3 Demands for Potable Water - Actual (Submittal Table 4-1) Use Type
2025 Actual
Additional Description Potable or
Non-Potable Volume (MG)
Single Family 3,293 Connection Potable 488
Multi-Family 88 Connection Potable 48
Commercial(1) 184 Connection Potable 117
Industrial 4 Connection Potable 1,604
Landscape 37 Connection Potable 46
Other (optional) Manual Meter Potable 4
Distribution System Water Loss Potable 124
Subtotal Potable 2,432
Subtotal Non-Potable 0
TOTAL 2,432
NOTES:
(1)Includes Institutional/Governmental.

4.2.5. Projected Water Use
CWC Section 10631(d)
(1) For an urban retail water supplier, quantify, to the extent records are available, … projected water use, based upon information developed pursuant to subdivision (a), identifying the uses among water use sectors…
CWC Section 10633
The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water...and shall include all of the following:...
(e) The projected use of recycled water within the supplier’s service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and a description of the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected pursuant to this subdivision...
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22 CWC Section 10635(a)
Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years. This water supply and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the long-term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state, regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.

Table 4-4 presents the projected number of service connections by user type through 2050. Projections were developed by applying the City’s estimated average annual growth rate of 1.54 percent to the total number of metered accounts reported in 2025. This growth rate is consistent with the population growth rate assumptions presented in Section 3.5.1 of this UWMP. For single-family, multi-family, and commercial connections (including institutional and governmental accounts), projected connections were also used to estimate future population served based on an average household size of three persons per connection. Industrial and landscape irrigation connections are assumed to remain constant throughout the planning horizon.

Table 4-4 Projected Number of Total Connections by User Type Use Type 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Single Family Residential 3,380 3,475 3,576 3,686 3,804 Multi-Family Residential 90 98 106 114 123
Commercial(1) 189 204 221 238 257
Industrial 4 4 4 4 4
Landscape Irrigation 37 37 37 37 37
TOTAL 3,380 3,475 3,576 3,686 3,804
NOTES:
(1)The City tracks commercial and institutional customer water uses as one.

Projected potable water demands presented in Table 4-5 include single-family and multi-family residential use, commercial use, institutional and governmental use, industrial use, landscape irrigation, other potable uses, and distribution system water losses. Projected demands were developed by applying the City’s estimated average annual growth rate of 1.54 percent to the 2025 baseline water use by customer sector. This methodology assumes that future water demands will increase proportionally with anticipated population and service area growth.

Distribution system water losses are inherently difficult to project over the long term due to uncertainties associated with system operations, infrastructure conditions, meter accuracy, and customer water use patterns. While water losses may increase over time as portions of the distribution system and customerside plumbing infrastructure age, the City is also evaluating potential improvements to its metering system, including upgrades that could improve meter accuracy, enhance data resolution, and reduce apparent losses. Considering these offsetting factors, future distribution system water losses are conservatively assumed to remain constant throughout the planning horizon. 117 of 912
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
23 The City does not currently utilize non-potable water within its service area, and all water demands are met using potable groundwater supplies. Treated wastewater effluent from the City’s WWTF is discharged to on-site evaporation and percolation basins and is not currently beneficially reused. Table 4-5 presents the projected potable and non-potable water use within the City’s service area, demonstrating that all anticipated demands through 2050 are expected to be met exclusively with potable supplies.

Table 4-5 Total Uses of Potable, and Non-Potable Water - Projected (Submittal Table 4-2) Use Type Projected Water Use (MG)
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Single Family Residential 527 569 614 663 716
Multi Family Residential 52 56 61 66 71
Commercial(1) 127 137 148 160 172
Industrial 1,732 1,869 2,018 2,178 2,352
Landscape Irrigation 50 54 58 63 68
Other (optional) 4 4 5 5 5
Distribution System Water Loss 124 124 124 124 124
TOTAL 2,616 2,814 3,028 3,258 3,507
NOTES:
(1)The City tracks commercial and institutional customer water uses as one.

4.2.5.1. Standards, Codes, Ordinances and Plans
CWC Section 10631(d)(4)
(A) Water use projections, where available, shall display and account for the water savings estimated to result from adopted codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans identified by the urban water supplier, as applicable to the service area. (B) To the extent that an urban water supplier reports the information described in subparagraph (A), an urban water supplier shall do both of the following:
(i) Provide citations of the various codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans utilized in making the projections.
(ii) Indicate the extent that the water use projections consider savings from codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans. Water use projections that do not account for these water savings shall be noted of that fact.

Water demand projections presented in this UWMP were developed using historical water use data and projected service area growth. In preparing these projections, the City reviewed applicable federal, state, and local standards, codes, ordinances, and planning documents that influence water use efficiency within the service area.

Existing water conservation regulations and efficiency standards have been incorporated into current water use patterns reflected in the historical baseline used for demand forecasting. These include statewide water efficiency requirements such as the California Plumbing Code fixture efficiency standards, the Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO), and other applicable water conservation requirements that influence indoor and outdoor water use. Because these requirements are already reflected in existing water use conditions, the demand projections developed for this UWMP assume that 118 of 912
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Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
24 current regulatory conditions will continue and therefore do not include additional quantified reductions associated with future water savings beyond those already embedded in historical water use trends.

Consistent with the requirements of CWC Sections 10631(a), 10631(d)(4)(A), and 10631(d)(4)(B), the City evaluated whether future water savings associated with new standards, codes, ordinances, or plans should be incorporated into projected water demands. At the time this UWMP was prepared, no additional adopted local ordinances or regulatory programs were identified that would result in measurable future reductions in water demand beyond those already reflected in existing usage patterns.

Therefore, projected water demands presented in this UWMP do not explicitly include additional future water savings.

Lower-income residential water demands are included within the demand projections. Residential demand projections were developed using historical water use data for all residential customers within the City’s service area. Because historical consumption data reflect the full range of residential customer types, including lower-income households, these demands are inherently captured in the baseline water use used to develop projected demands. As a result, lower-income residential water demands are represented within the projected demand estimates without the need for separate adjustments.

Table 4-6 presents the City’s responses to the Water Code Section 10631 requirements regarding the inclusion of future water savings and lower-income residential demands in projected water use.

Table 4-6 Inclusion in Water Use Projections (Submittal Table 4-3) Are Future Water Savings Included in Projections? No
If "Yes” to above:

State the section or page number, in the cell to the right, where citations of the codes, ordinances, or otherwise are utilized in demand projections are found.

N/A
Are Lower Income Residential Demands Included In Projections? Yes

4.2.5.2. Water Use for Lower Income Households
Section 10631.1.
(a) The water use projections required by Section 10631 shall include projected water use for singlefamily and multifamily residential housing needed for lower income households, as defined in Section 50079.5 of the Health and Safety Code, as identified in the housing element of any city, county, or city and county in the service area of the supplier.

California Health and Safety Code Section 50079.5 (a)
“Lower income households” means persons and families whose income does not exceed the qualifying limits for lower income families… In the event the federal standards are discontinued, the department shall, by regulation, establish income limits for lower income households for all geographic areas of the state at 80 percent of area median income, adjusted for family size and revised annually.

Section 10631.1 of the CWC requires urban water suppliers to identify projected water use associated with single-family and multifamily residential housing affordable to lower income households, as defined 119 of 912
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2025 Urban Water Management Plan
Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
25 in Section 50079.5 of the California Health and Safety Code, and as identified in the Housing Element of the applicable jurisdiction within the supplier’s service area.

For purposes of this UWMP, the City of Livingston has incorporated projected water use for lower income households into its overall residential demand projections. The City’s projected water demands have not been separately adjusted to account for future water savings associated with new codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans beyond those already reflected in historical water use trends. Existing conservation requirements and efficiency measures are considered embedded in the baseline water use data used to prepare demand forecasts.

Residential water demand forecasts were developed using historical consumption data for all residential customer classes within the City’s service area together with projected population and service connection growth assumptions previously described. Because the historical and projected residential demand data reflect the full range of household income levels, including lower income households, water demands associated with lower income households are inherently included in the City’s total residential demand projections.

The City’s Housing Element and Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) identify the need for future housing opportunities affordable to lower income households during the planning horizon. Future residential growth, including affordable housing development, has been incorporated into the population and service connection growth assumptions used to prepare the City’s projected water demand estimates through 2050. Consistent with Appendix K of the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, the City does not identify lower income household demand as a separate water use category because residential demand is forecast on a service area basis and is not anticipated to vary substantially by income category for purposes of longterm UWMP planning.

Pursuant to Government Code Section 65589.7, it is the City’s policy to provide priority for water service to qualifying developments that include housing units affordable to lower income households, consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of sufficient water supply and distribution system capacity. The City may deny or condition approval of service only where authorized by law, including circumstances involving insufficient supply or capacity, regulatory compliance orders, or failure of an applicant to satisfy generally applicable service requirements, fees, or conditions.

4.2.6. Climate Change Considerations
CWC Section 10630.

It is the intention of the Legislature, in enacting this part, to permit levels of water management planning commensurate with the numbers of customers served and the volume of water supplied, while accounting for impacts from climate change.

CWC Section 10635(b)
Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, a drought risk assessment …(and) shall include each of the following … (4) Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable 120 of 912
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Chapter 4 – Water Use Characterization
26 California’s climate is projected to become warmer and more variable over time, with increased frequency and intensity of extreme heat, shifting precipitation patterns, and a greater likelihood of prolonged drought conditions. These changes have the potential to affect both water supply reliability and customer water demands within the Livingston service area. Consistent with CWC Sections 10630 and 10635(b), the City has considered the potential impacts of climate change as part of its long-term water management planning and drought risk evaluation.

For the City, climate change may influence water demand primarily through higher temperatures, longer dry seasons, and increased outdoor irrigation requirements. Extended periods of hot weather can increase landscape water use, while changing seasonal patterns may alter the timing and magnitude of customer demand. Population growth, land use changes, and evolving conservation practices may further affect future water use trends. The demand projections presented in this UWMP incorporate historical use patterns and planning assumptions intended to reasonably reflect future conditions.

Climate change may also affect water supplies available to the City through impacts to the broader hydrologic system and groundwater conditions within the Merced Subbasin. Reduced snowpack, more variable runoff, and longer drought cycles throughout California can increase regional reliance on groundwater supplies and place added stress on basin resources during dry periods. In response, the City coordinates planning assumptions with the Merced Irrigation-Urban Groundwater Sustainability Agency (MIUGSA) and ongoing SGMA implementation efforts.

To improve long-term resilience, the City continues to emphasize water conservation, system maintenance, water loss control, groundwater sustainability coordination, and capital improvements that enhance operational reliability. The City’s WSCP and DRA, presented in following chapters of this UWMP, further evaluate plausible reductions in supply and increases in demand under drought and climate change conditions, and establish response actions to maintain essential water service during future shortages. Through these measures, the City seeks to adapt to changing climate conditions while maintaining a reliable potable water supply for its customers.

4.3. Distribution Water Loss
CWC Section 10631(d)(3)
(A) The distribution system water loss shall be quantified for each of the five years preceding the plan update, in accordance with rules adopted pursuant to Section 10608.34. (B) The distribution system water loss quantification shall be reported in accordance with a worksheet approved or developed by the department through a public process. The water loss quantification worksheet shall be based on the water system balance methodology developed by the American Water Works Association.
(C) In the plan due July 1, 2021, and in each update thereafter, data shall be included to show whether the urban retail water supplier met the distribution loss standards enacted by the board pursuant to Section 10608.34.

Pursuant to CWC Section 10631(d), the City is required to quantify and report water distribution system losses for the previous five years and include information demonstrating progress toward meeting the SWRCB’s Water Loss Performance Standard.
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27 Distribution system water losses represent the physical and apparent losses of potable water from the distribution system, including transmission pipelines, storage facilities, and distribution mains, up to the point of customer delivery. These losses are calculated using the AWWA water balance methodology in accordance with the State’s annual water loss audit requirements (23 CCR Section 638.1 et seq.).

Distribution system losses consist of:
• Real losses, such as leakage from mains, service lines, and storage facilities. • Apparent losses, including customer meter inaccuracies, unauthorized consumption, and data handling errors.

The City has prepared and submitted annual water loss audits to the DWR in accordance with State requirements. These audits form the basis for reporting historical and current distribution system water losses in this UWMP.

In addition to historical reporting, distribution system water losses are included as a water use sector in projected demands for the planning horizon in five-year increments through 2050, consistent with CWC Section 10631(d)(1).

4.3.1. Previous Five Years Distribution System Losses
The City’s distribution system’s water losses for the most recent five-year period are summarized in Table 4-7. These values are derived from the City’s validated annual AWWA water loss audits and include real losses, apparent losses, and unbilled authorized consumption. Water losses are calculated as the difference between the volume of water entering the distribution system and the volume of authorized consumption, which includes both billed and unbilled metered uses.

The reported water loss volumes reflect system conditions, operational practices, and data accuracy for each reporting year. Variations in annual losses may result from factors such as pipeline leaks, meter accuracy, system flushing activities, and improvements in data collection and audit validation.

The City will continue to refine its water loss accounting through improvements in system monitoring, meter accuracy, and data management practices, consistent with AWWA methodologies and State requirements. In accordance with CWC Section 10631(d)(3), the City has completed and submitted annual water loss audits for each of the past five years using the AWWA methodology. Table 4-7 summarizes the reporting status for the past five years.

Table 4-7 Water Loss Audit Reporting (Submittal Table 4-5) Public Water System ID# Reporting Period Submitted to DWR Water Loss Audit Program (yes/no)
Report submittal status for all five years for each Public Water System as available.

CA2410004
2020 Yes
2021 Yes
2022 Yes
2023 Yes
2024 Yes
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28 Table 4-7 Water Loss Audit Reporting (Submittal Table 4-5) Public Water System ID# Reporting Period Submitted to DWR Water Loss Audit Program (yes/no)
Report submittal status for all five years for each Public Water System as available.

DWR NOTES: Suppliers will provide a link to the WUEdata submittals of their Water Loss Audit Reports.

NOTES:

Livingston 2020 FINAL Water Audit.xls
2021 Water Audit.xls
City of Livingston AWWA v6 Spreadsheet 2022 Water Audit.xlsx City of Livingston AWWA v6 Spreadsheet 2023 Water Audit.xlsx City of Livingston AWWA v6 Spreadsheet 2024 Water Audit.xlsx

4.3.2. Progress Toward Meeting the Water Loss Performance Standard Pursuant to CWC Section 10631(d)(3)(C), the City is required to report its progress toward meeting the SWRCB’s Water Loss Performance Standard. The Water Loss Performance Standard, established under 23 CCR Section 980 et seq., includes both a real water loss standard and an apparent water loss standard, expressed in units of gallons per service connection per day (GPSCD) or gallons per mile of pipeline per day (GPMD).

Table 4-8 presents the City’s progress toward meeting the 2028 Water Loss Performance Standard using the most recent AWWA water loss audit data from calendar year 2025. The SWRCB has established a 2028 real water loss performance standard of 13.1 GPSCD and a 2028 apparent water loss performance standard of 23.2 GPSCD for the City.

Based on the City’s 2025 water loss audit, total real water losses were reported at 86.9 MG and apparent water losses at 32.5 MG. With a total of 3,608 service connections, these losses equate to a real water loss of 66.0 GPSCD and an apparent water loss of 24.2 GPSCD. These results indicate that the City has not yet achieved either the applicable real water loss performance standard or the apparent water loss performance standard established by the SWRCB.

Although compliance with the Water Loss Performance Standard is not required until January 1, 2028, the 2025 audit results demonstrate the need for continued system improvements and enhanced water loss control measures. The City will continue implementing strategies to reduce both real and apparent water losses, including ongoing infrastructure maintenance, leak detection and repair activities, meter testing and replacement, and improvements to system monitoring and data accuracy. These efforts are intended to improve overall system efficiency and support compliance with the applicable 2028 performance standards.

Ongoing and planned efforts to improve performance include leak detection and repair, replacement of aging water mains and service components, pressure management where appropriate, improved system monitoring, customer meter testing and replacement, and refinement of water accounting procedures.

The City is also evaluating customer meter infrastructure improvements that may improve data quality and support future audit accuracy.
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29 Table 4-8 Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard (Submittal Table 4-6) Public
Water
System ID #
Reported in
Submittal
Table 2-1 R
Did the
Water
Board
Calculate a
Water Loss
Standard
for this
Public
Water
System?
Real Water Loss Apparent Water Loss
State Water
Board
Standard
Most Recent AWWA Water
Loss Audit
Real
Water
Loss
(GPSCD)
State
Water
Board
Standard
Most Recent AWWA
Water Loss Audit
Apparent
Water
Loss
(GPSCD)
2028 Real
Water Loss
Standard
(GPSCD)
Number of
Connections
Volume of
Total Real
Loss
(from AWWA
Water Loss
Audit)
(MG)
2028
Apparent
Water Loss
Standard
(GPSCD)
Number of
Connections
Volume of
Total
Apparent
Loss
(from
AWWA
Water
Loss Audit)
(MG)
CA2410004 Yes 13.1 3,608 86.9 66.0 23.2 3,608 32.5 24.2 Water Board's Calculated Water Loss Standards
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Section 5 – SB X7-7 Baselines, Targets, and Compliance
30 CHAPTER 5 - SB X7-7 BASELINES, TARGETS, AND COMPLIANCE

5.1. Baseline and Targets
The Water Conservation Act of 2009, also known as the SB X7-7, established a statewide goal to reduce urban per capita water use by 20 percent by 2020. To support this goal, each urban retail water supplier was required to establish baseline water use and corresponding 2020 targets, measured in gallons per capita per day (GPCD), and to demonstrate compliance with those targets.

The City previously established its baseline and 2020 water use target in its 2010 and 2015 UWMPs in accordance with applicable methodologies. This chapter documents the City’s compliance with its 2020 water use target consistent with Water Code requirements and DWR guidance. Compliance is demonstrated through the SB X7-7 Compliance Form and associated submittal tables included in this 2025 UWMP.

In addition to SB X7-7 compliance reporting, urban water suppliers are subject to long-term water use efficiency standards established under Senate Bill 606 and Assembly Bill 1668. These standards establish water use objectives for indoor residential use, outdoor irrigation, commercial, industrial, and institutional (CII) uses, and water loss. These requirements will guide future water use efficiency planning and reporting.

This chapter summarizes the City’s compliance with the SB X7-7 2020 water use target and provides an overview of applicable water use efficiency standards that will inform future planning efforts.

5.2. Gross per Capita Water Use Baselines and Targets
The City calculated its retail service area’s five-year baseline, 10-year baseline, 2015 interim target, and 2020 compliance target in accordance with the Water Conservation Act of 2009 and DWR’s Methodologies for Calculating Baseline and Compliance Urban Per Capita Water Use (For the Consistent Implementation of the Water Conservation Act of 2009). Using Method 1, the City established its urban water use targets by applying a 20 percent reduction to the baseline daily per capita water use.

The calculated interim and compliance targets were based on this methodology and were previously adopted in the City’s 2015 and 2020 UWMPs. Table 5-1 summarizes the baselines and targets calculated for the City.

Table 5-1 Gross Per Capita Water Use Baselines and Targets Summary Baseline Period Start
Year
End
Year
Average
Baseline (GPCD)
Interim 2015
Target (GPCD)
Confirmed 2020
Target (GPCD)
10–Year Baseline 2001 2010 222
200 179
5-Year Baseline 2006 2010 220

5.3. Compliance with the 2020 Daily per Capita Water Use Target During the 2020 UWMP reporting cycle, the City of Livingston was an urban retail water supplier and was not subject to a merger or consolidation. Accordingly, the City’s compliance determination is based on its previously established individual 2020 water use target. As described previously, the City calculated its 125 of 912
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Section 5 – SB X7-7 Baselines, Targets, and Compliance
31 baseline and targets using Method 1 (20 percent reduction) under Senate Bill X7-7 and adopted a 2020 target of 165 gallons per capita per day (GPCD).

The City’s actual 2020 water use, calculated in accordance with the required SB X7-7 methodology, was 164 GPD, which is below the adopted 2020 target. Based on this comparison, the City successfully achieved its required targeted reduction and was compliant with SB X7-7 requirements during the 2020 reporting year.

Consistent with 2025 UWMP reporting requirements, the City also evaluated whether it continues to meet the previously established 2020 target under current conditions. Based on the City’s 2025 SB X7-7 Compliance Form calculations, the reported 2025 GPCD is 157, which is below the adopted 2020 target.

Based on this comparison, the City successfully achieved its required targeted reduction and was compliant with SB X7-7 requirements during the 2020 reporting year.

Table 5-2 summarizes the City’s adopted 2020 target, actual 2020 water use, compliance determination, and the updated 2025 evaluation. Supporting calculations and verification are provided in the SB X7-7 Compliance Form included in Appendix D.

Table 5-2 SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress (Submittal Table 5-1) Was Supplier
part of a
merger or
consolidation
since 2020?
Regional
Alliance
Target or
Individual
Target?
2020 Target
GPCD
Actual 2020
GPCD
Did Supplier
Achieve
Targeted
Reduction
for 2020?
Only for suppliers that did
not meet the Target in 2020
Actual 2025
GPCD
(From SB X7-7
Compliance
Form)
Did Supplier
meet the
2020 Target
in 2025?
No Individual 165 164 Yes 157 Yes
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Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
32 CHAPTER 6 - NORMAL-YEAR WATER SUPPLY

CHARACTERIZATION
This chapter describes the water supply sources available to the City and quantifies both historical and projected water supplies available to meet customer demands. The chapter includes a discussion of the City’s existing water supply sources, water quality considerations, supply reliability characteristics, and planned future supply and infrastructure improvement projects.

The City relies primarily on groundwater pumped from municipal production wells completed within the Merced Subbasin. Groundwater serves as the City’s principal potable water source and is supplemented through ongoing well maintenance, operational flexibility, and long-term groundwater sustainability planning. The City does not currently rely on imported surface water supplies for normal operations. In addition, treated wastewater generated by the City is not currenlty beneficially reused for non-potable purposes.

Historical and projected water supply quantities are summarized in the sections that follow. The reliability of these supplies under normal, single dry year, and multiple dry year conditions, including drought and climate change considerations, is evaluated in Chapter 7.

6.1. Water Supply Characterization

6.1.1. Purchased or Imported Water
The City of Livingston does not purchase water from any other urban water suppliers or external entities.

The City’s potable water demands are met through its own municipal groundwater supply system.

6.1.2. Groundwater
Section 10631(b)(4)
If groundwater is identified as an existing or planned source of water available to the supplier, all of the following information:
(A) The current version of any groundwater sustainability plan or alternative adopted pursuant to Part

2.74 (commencing with Section 10720), any groundwater management plan adopted by the urban water supplier, including plans adopted pursuant to Part 2.75 (commencing with Section 10750), or any other specific authorization for groundwater management for basins underlying the urban water supplier’s service area.
(B) A description of any groundwater basin or basins from which the urban water supplier pumps groundwater. For basins that a court or the board has adjudicated the rights to pump groundwater, a copy of the order or decree adopted by the court or the board and a description of the amount of groundwater the urban water supplier has the legal right to pump under the order or decree. For a basin that has not been adjudicated, information as to whether the department has identified the basin as a high- or medium-priority basin in the most current official departmental bulletin that characterizes the condition of the groundwater basin, and a detailed description of the efforts being undertaken by the urban water supplier to coordinate with groundwater sustainability agencies or groundwater management agencies listed in subdivision (c) of Section 10723 to maintain or achieve sustainable 127 of 912
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Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
33 groundwater conditions in accordance with a groundwater sustainability plan or alternative adopted pursuant to Part 2.74 (commencing with Section 10720).
(C) A detailed description and analysis of the location, amount, and sufficiency of groundwater pumped by the urban water supplier for the past five years. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historic use records. (D) A detailed description and analysis of the amount and location of groundwater that is projected to be pumped by the urban water supplier. The description and analysis shall be based on information that is reasonably available, including, but not limited to, historic use records.

The City of Livingston currently relies on groundwater as its sole potable water supply source.

Groundwater is extracted through the City’s municipal well system and conveyed directly into the distribution system and storage facilities to meet residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, landscape, and public demands. Groundwater has historically provided a reliable local supply capable of meeting the City’s water demands under normal, single-dry-year, and multiple-dry-year conditions, subject to well capacity, operational conditions, and water quality requirements.

The City currently operates nine active municipal groundwater wells located throughout the service area, identified as Well Nos. 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17. Well No. 15 is maintained as a standby source for emergency and operational reliability purposes. The wells are strategically distributed throughout the City to provide operational flexibility, maintain adequate system pressures, and meet seasonal and peak water demands. Over time, the production capacity of several wells has declined due to a combination of aging well infrastructure and declining groundwater levels within the underlying aquifer system. Table 6- 1 summarizes the nominal production capacity of each groundwater well in gallons per minute (gpm).

Table 6-1 Groundwater Well Capacity
Well No. Flowrate (gpm)
8 1,200
9 1,300
11 800
12 1,400
13 1,100
14 1,000
15 900
16 1,200
17 2,000
TOTAL 10,900
Water is distributed through approximately 36 miles of pressurized pipes, ranging from two to 16 inches in diameter in size. System pressure is maintained between 50 and 65 psi with Mercoid pressure switch controls on all of the wells. The water system also includes a 1.0 MG welded steel storage tank that is used for water storage.

6.1.2.1. Basin Description
The City of Livingston is located within the Central Valley geomorphic province, specifically the San Joaquin Valley portion of the Central Valley. The groundwater underlying the City is part of the larger San Joaquin 128 of 912
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34 Valley Groundwater Basin within the San Joaquin River Hydrologic Region. The San Joaquin Valley Groundwater Basin is further divided into multiple subbasins, with the City extracting groundwater from the Merced Subbasin (DWR Bulletin 118 Subbasin 5-22.04).

The Merced Subbasin encompasses approximately 491,000 acres (767 square miles) and includes lands south of the Merced River between the San Joaquin River to the west and the Sierra Nevada foothills to the east. The Subbasin is bounded by the Merced river to the north, the Chowchilla River and Madera County line to the south, the San Joaquin River to the west, and the Sierra Nevada foothills to the east.

Groundwater within the Subbasin serves as an important source of municipal, agricultural, industrial, and domestic water supply throughout the region.

According to DWR’s Bulletin 118, the Subbasin is comprised of consolidated rocks and unconsolidated deposits. Consolidated formations include the Ione Formation, Valley Springs Formation, and the Mehrten Formation. Unconsolidated deposits consists primarily of continental deposits, lacustrine and marsh deposits, older alluvium, younger alluvium, and floodbasin deposits deposited from the Pliocene Epoch to present. The principal water-bearing units within the Subbasin are generally associated with the continental deposits and older alluvium. Fine-grained lacustrine and marsh deposits including the Corcoran (“E-” Clay), act as confining layers in portions of the basin and yield limited quantities of groundwater. Additional information regarding the Merced Subbasin is included in DWR Bulletin 118, provided in Appendix E.

According to the Merced Groundwater Subbasin Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP), the Subbasin contains three principal aquifers that are defined by their relationship to the Corcoran Clay aquitard. The Above Corcoran Principal Aquifer includes all aquifer units located above the Corcoran Clay and generally provides moderate to high groundwater yields for domestic, municipal, and irrigation uses. The Below Corcoran Principal Aquifer consists of aquifer units located beneath the Corcoran Clay and provides groundwater supplies for agricultural, municipal, and domestic uses throughout portions of the Subbasin.

The Outside Corcoran Principal Aquifer includes all aquifers that exist outside of the eastern lateral extent of the Corcoran Clay. The Outside Corcoran Principal Aquifer i includes aquifer units east of the lateral extent of the Corcoran Clay and is hydraulically connected to both the Above Corcoran and Below Corcoran aquifer systems depending on depth and location. Beneath the principal aquifer systems is a deeper aquifer containing groundwater with elevated salinity concentrations relative to the overlying principal aquifers.

Groundwater within the Merced Subbasin is managed pursuant to the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) through implementation of the Merced Subbasin Groundwater Sustainability Plan. Similar to other groundwater basins within the San Joaquin Valley, portions of the Merced Subbasin have experienced groundwater level declines associated with historical overdraft conditions, recurring drought periods, and long-term groundwater pumping demands. The City relies exclusively on groundwater supplies extracted from the Merced Subbasin and does not utilize groundwater supplies from multiple groundwater basins.

6.1.2.2. Basin Management Information
On September 16, 2014, Governor Jerry Brown signed the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) into law, establishing a framework for the sustainable management of groundwater basins 129 of 912
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35 throughout California. SGMA requires high- and medium-priority groundwater basins to be managed by local Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSAs) through implementation of Groundwater Sustainability Plans (GSPs) intended to achieve long-term groundwater sustainability.

Within the Merced Subbasin, local agencies formed three GSAs to comply with SGMA, including the Merced Irrigation-Urban Groundwater Sustainability Agency (MIUGSA), Merced Subbasin Groundwater Sustainability Agency (MSGSA), and Turner Island Water District Groundwater Sustainability Agency #1 (TIWD GSA-1). The City of Livingston is a member of the MIUGSA. The GSAs jointly developed and adopted the Merced Subbasin Groundwater Sustainability Plan in 2019 to guide long-term groundwater management within the Subbasin.

The GSP identifies six sustainability indicators established under SGMA, including groundwater levels, groundwater storage, groundwater quality, land subsidence, interconnected surface water depletion, and seawater intrusion. Seawater intrusion is not considered applicable to the Merced Subbasin due to its inland location, and significant depletion of groundwater storage is not anticipated to occur. Sustainable management criteria were established for the remaining indicators to support long-term basin sustainability.

The Merced Subbasin is currently classified by DWR as a critically overdrafted groundwater basin.

According to the GSP, historical groundwater conditions indicate an average overdraft of approximately 192,000 acre-feet per year between 2006 and 2015. The GSP estimates the sustainable yield of the Merced Subbasin to be approximately 570,000 acre-feet per year, with approximately 440,000 acre-feet per year considered native groundwater available for allocation to Subbasin users after accounting for developed surface water supplies that recharge the basin through canal seepage.

To achieve sustainability by 2040, the GSAs plan to implement a combination of groundwater management strategies, including recharge projects, demand reduction measures, pumping management, conservation efforts, and potential groundwater allocation programs. The City will continue coordinating with the MIUGSA and other Subbasin agencies to support implementation of the GSP and sustainable groundwater management within the Merced Subbasin.

6.1.2.3. Other Considerations
Consistent with the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook, urban water suppliers relying on groundwater should identify additional factors that may influence the long-term availability, reliability, and management of groundwater supplies. For the City of Livingston, these considerations include groundwater quality, regulatory requirements, climate variability, energy and operational costs, infrastructure condition, and regional groundwater sustainability actions.

Groundwater quality remains an important consideration for continued use of the City’s well system. P Similar to other areas within the San Joaquin Valley, portions of the Merced Subbasin have experienced groundwater quality concerns associated with nitrate, 1,2,3-TCP, dibromochloropropane (DBCP), arsenic, and other naturally occurring or anthropogenic constituents. As a result, the City continues to conduct routine monitoring and maintain treatment facilities where necessary to ensure compliance with state and federal drinking water standards. Future water quality regulations or changing constituent concentrations could require additional treatment, well rehabilitation, blending strategies, or well replacement.
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36 Climate variability and changing hydrologic conditions may also affect groundwater supply reliability over time. Extended drought periods can increase regional reliance on groundwater, reduce incidental recharge from surface water deliveries and irrigation return flows, and contribute to declining groundwater levels. Conversely, wet-year conditions may create opportunities for increased recharge and groundwater recovery. The City will continue to monitor changing hydrologic conditions and coordinate with regional agencies regarding drought response and groundwater sustainability implementation.

Energy use and operational costs are also significant considerations for groundwater-dependent systems.

Groundwater extraction requires electrical power for pumping, treatment, and distribution. Declining groundwater levels, if they occur, may increase pumping lifts and associated energy demands. The City continues to evaluate system efficiencies, well performance, and infrastructure improvements intended to reduce operational costs and maintain reliable service.

The age, condition, and capacity of wells, pumps, storage tanks, and distribution facilities also affect groundwater supply reliability. Over time, municipal wells may require rehabilitation, pump replacement, or redevelopment due to declining efficiency, mechanical wear, or water quality issues. The City incorporates maintenance, repair, and capital improvement planning into ongoing system management to preserve long-term production capacity.

Finally, implementation of regional groundwater sustainability programs under SGMA may influence future groundwater management practices, monitoring requirements, pumping conditions, or project participation opportunities. The City will continue to participate in basin coordination efforts and adapt local water supply planning as new information, regulatory requirements, or groundwater management measures are developed. These combined considerations will help guide the City’s continued responsible use of groundwater resources throughout the UWMP planning horizon.

6.1.2.4. Past Five Years Groundwater Pumping
Consistent with Water Code Section 10631(b)(4)(C) and the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, the City of Livingston reports historical groundwater pumping based on available production records. The City relies on potable groundwater extracted from municipal wells completed in the Merced Subbasin.

During the 2021 through 2025 reporting period, annual groundwater pumping remained relatively consistent, ranging from a minimum of 2,308 MG to a maximum of 2,542 MG. Variations in annual production are primarily attributable to weather conditions, seasonal irrigation demand, conservation response, and routine operational adjustments among the City’s active wells. Overall, historical pumping levels demonstrate that the City’s groundwater system has remained sufficient to meet customer demands throughout the five-year period.

Table 6-2 summarizes groundwater volumes pumped during the past five years. 131 of 912
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37 Table 6-2 Groundwater Volume Pumped (Submittal Table 6-1) Groundwater
Type
Potable or NonPotableLocation or Basin
Name 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Alluvial Basin Potable Merced Subbasin 2,342 2,049 2,311 2,460 2,432 TOTAL 2,342 2,049 2,311 2,460 2,432

6.1.3. Surface Water
As previously stated, the City’s sole water supply source consists of groundwater extracted from municipal wells. Currently, the City of Livingston does not use self-supplied surface water as part it its water supply.

However, the City is interested in evaluating the feasibility of incorporating surface water supplies to supplement future water supply demands and improve long-term water supply reliability. The City’s proposed surface water source would be the Merced River. The MID has expressed supports the City’s proposal and has indicated a preference to provide water from an intake constructed on the Merced River.

MID currently maintains existing water rights permits associated with the river and portions of existing infrastructure may potentially be reused or expanded to support a future river intake and surface water supply connection serving the City.

6.1.4. Stormwater
According to the City’s 2018 Municipal Service Review, Livingston’s storm water is managed through a program with the MID. Storm water is temporarily stored in detention basins, which serve as watersheds within the urbanized area. Each watershed has a lift station that drains the storm water at a controlled rate to available MID canals. The detention basins store storm runoff during peak periods, allowing the pump stations to discharge over a longer period of time to the MID canals.

6.1.5. Wastewater and Recycled Water
CWC Section 10633
The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water and its potential for use as a water source in the service area of the urban water supplier. The preparation of the plan shall be coordinated with local water, wastewater, groundwater, and planning agencies that operate within the supplier’s service area, and shall include all of the following:
(a) A description of the wastewater collection and treatment systems in the supplier’s service area, including a quantification of the amount of wastewater collected and treated and the methods of wastewater disposal.
(b) A description of the quantity of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, is being discharged, and is otherwise available for use in a recycled water project. (c) A description of the recycled water currently being used in the supplier’s service area, including, but not limited to, the type, place, and quantity of use. (d) A description and quantification of the potential uses of recycled water, including, but not limited to, agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation, wildlife habitat enhancement, wetlands, industrial reuse, groundwater recharge, indirect potable reuse, and other appropriate uses, and a determination with regard to the technical and economic feasibility of serving those uses. 132 of 912
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38 (e) The projected use of recycled water within the supplier’s service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and a description of the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected pursuant to this subdivision.
(f) A description of actions, including financial incentives, which may be taken to encourage the use of recycled water, and the projected results of these actions in terms of acre-feet of recycled water used per year.
(g) A plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the supplier’s service area, including actions to facilitate the installation of dual distribution systems, to promote recirculating uses, to facilitate the increased use of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, and to overcome any obstacles to achieving that increased use.

CWC Section 10633 requires urban water suppliers to provide, to the extent information is available, a description of wastewater and recycled water facilities, current recycled water use, and the potential for recycled water to serve as a future water supply source within the service area. This section summarizes the City of Livingston’s wastewater collection and treatment system, existing recycled water uses, and future opportunities for expanded reuse.

6.1.5.1. Recycled Water Coordination
CWC Section 10633
The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water and its potential for use as a water source in the service area of the urban water supplier. The preparation of the plan shall be coordinated with local water, wastewater, groundwater, and planning agencies that operate within the supplier’s service area…
The City owns and operates a citywide wastewater collection and treatment system; however, recycled water is not currently produced or distributed for direct beneficial reuse. Treated wastewater from the City’s Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is discharged to evaporation and percolation ponds located adjacent to the facility.

At this time, implementation of a recycled water system is not considered economically feasible due to the substantial infrastructure costs associated with constructing separate recycled water transmission and distribution facilities and the limited number of large-scale non-potable users within the service area.

Although recycled water is not currently part of the City’s water supply, the City will continue to evaluate future recycled water opportunities as part of ongoing water and wastewater planning efforts.

6.1.5.2. Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal CWC Section 10633(a)
A description of the wastewater collection and treatment systems in the supplier’s service area, including a quantification of the amount of wastewater collected and treated and the methods of wastewater disposal.

The City provides wastewater collection and treatment services to residential, commercial, and industrial users within its service area. The wastewater collection system consists of approximately 29 miles of sewer pipelines ranging from 6 to 27 inches in diameter and includes nine lift stations strategically located throughout the City. The largest facility, the Highway 99 Lift Station, conveys wastewater collected from 133 of 912
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39 east of Highway 99 to the Vinewood sewer trunk line west of the highway. Wastewater collected throughout the system is conveyed to the City’s Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), located northwest of the City.

The City’s original Domestic WWTP was constructed in 1963 and included screening, grit removal, primary clarification, anaerobic digestion, solar sludge drying, and treatment/percolation ponds. In 2004, the facility underwent significant upgrades, including construction of a new oxidation ditch, secondary clarifiers, influent pumps, and a mechanical bar screen to improve treatment capacity and operational reliability. The WWTP is currently regulated under Waste Discharge Requirements (WDRs) Order No. R5- 2014-0147, which authorizes the discharge of up to 2.0 million gallons per day (MGD) of undisinfected secondary effluent to evaporation and percolation ponds located on approximately 40 acres of Cityowned property adjacent to the facility.

The City also previously operated an industrial wastewater treatment plant that served the Foster Farms poultry processing facility. However, that facility has since been abandoned following construction of an on-site wastewater treatment system by Foster Farms. The on-site system includes fine screening, flow equalization, and extended aeration, with treated effluent beneficially reused for agricultural irrigation on company-owned lands.

Table 6-3 summarizes wastewaters collection within the City’s service area in 2025.

Table 6-3 Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2025 (Submittal Table 6-2) 100% Percentage of 2025 service area served by wastewater collection system. 100% Percentage of 2025 service area population served by wastewater collection system.

Wastewater Collection Recipient of Collected Wastewater Name of
Wastewater
Collection
Agency
Wastewater
Volume Metered
or Estimated?
Volume of
Wastewater
Collected from
UWMP Service
Area 2025 (MG)
Name of
Wastewater
Treatment Plant
(WWTP) and Place
ID Number
Is WWTP Located
Within UWMP
Area?
City of
Livingston Metered 808
Livingston
Domestic WWTF,
Place ID 220469
Yes
Total Wastewater Received from
UWMP Service Area in 2025: 808
As stated above, the City does not operate a municipal recycled water distribution system, and recycled water is not used as part of the City’s potable or non-potable water supply. However, the City’s WWTF remains a potential future source of recycled water should additional treatment upgrades, storage and transmission infrastructure, regulatory approvals, and economically feasible reuse opportunities be identified. Future beneficial reuse could help offset potable groundwater demand and improve long-term water supply reliability.

Table 6-4 summarizes the quantity of wastewater collected from within the City’s service area and treated at the City’s WWTF during 2025. Consistent with CWC Section 10633(a), this table presents the volume of wastewater received from within the service area and the total volume treated at the City’s WWTF. 134 of 912
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40 Table 6-4 Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area in 2025 (Submittal Table 6-3) Wastewater Treatment
Plant Name and Place ID
Number
Does This Plant Treat
Wastewater Generated
Outside the UWMP
Service Area?
2025 Volume of
Wastewater Received
from UWMP Service
Area (MG)
Total 2025 Volume of
Water Treated (MG)
Livingston Domestic WWTF,
Place ID 220469 No 808 808
Table 6-5 summarizes the disposition of treated wastewater within the City’s service area in 2025, including treated effluent discharged to the City’s evaporation and percolation pond system. For the City of Livingston, undisinfected secondary treated effluent produced at the WWTF is currently managed through on-site evaporation and percolation ponds in accordance with applicable WDRs. Since the City does not operate a municipal recycled water distribution system, no direct recycled water deliveries for beneficial reuse are reported at this time.
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41 Table 6-5 Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area in 2025 (Submittal Table 6-3) Wastewater
Treatment
Plant Name
and Place ID
Number
2025 Outcomes of Treated Wastewater
Water Recycled Within
UWMP Service Area
Water Recycled
Outside of UWMP
Service Area
Effluent Discharge that
is not a Permitted
Recycled Water Use
Required Discharge
for Instream Flow
Delivered to Another Entity for
Additional Treatment
Treatment
Level
Volume
(MG) Treatment
Level
Volume
(MG)
Treatment
Level
Volume
(MG) Treatment
Level
Volume
(MG) Treatment
Level
Volume
(MG)
Name
of
Other
Entity
Livingston
Domestic
WWTF, Place
ID 220469
NA 0 NA 0
Secondary,
Undisinfected 808 NA 0 NA 0 NA
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42 6.1.5.3. Recycled Water System Description
CWC Section 10633 (c)
A description of the recycled water currently being used in the supplier’s service area, including, but not limited to, the type, place, and quantity of use.

As stated above, the City of Livingston does not currently operate a municipal recycled water distribution system and does not directly deliver recycled water for beneficial reuse within the service area. At present, treated effluent generated at the City’s WWTF is managed through the existing evaporation and percolation pond system in accordance with applicable WDRs rather than through a dedicated recycled water conveyance network.

Because the City does not have an active recycled water system, there are currently no municipal recycled water customers, no direct recycled water deliveries, and no recycled water volumes to report for landscape irrigation, agricultural irrigation, industrial reuse, groundwater recharge through a permitted recycled water project, or other direct beneficial uses in 2025. Accordingly, there is no reported recycled water use within the City’s service area for 2025.

Although no recycled water system is currently in operation, the City recognizes that treated wastewater produced at the WWTF may represent a future local supply source if treatment upgrades, storage facilities, transmission infrastructure, regulatory approvals, and economically feasible demand opportunities are identified. Potential future uses could include irrigation of parks, landscaped areas, agricultural lands, public facilities, or groundwater recharge consistent with applicable regulations.

Consistent with the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, the City will continue to evaluate future recycled water opportunities as part of long-term water supply planning; however, no current recycled water system exists within the service area at this time.

6.1.5.4. Potential, Current, and Projected Recycled Water Uses CWC Section 10633
(b) A description of the quantity of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, is being discharged, and is otherwise available for use in a recycled water project. (d) A description and quantification of the potential uses of recycled water, including, but not limited to, agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation, wildlife habitat enhancement, wetlands, industrial reuse, groundwater recharge, indirect potable reuse, and other appropriate uses, and a determination with regard to the technical and economic feasibility of serving those uses. (e) The projected use of recycled water within the supplier’s service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and a description of the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected pursuant to this subdivision.

The City does not operate a municipal recycled water distribution system and does not directly deliver recycled water for beneficial reuse. Treated effluent generated at the City’s WWTF is currently managed through on-site evaporation and percolation pondsin accordance with WWTF’s WDRs. Accordingly, direct recycled water use within the City in 2025 is 0 MG.
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43 Although no recycled water project is currently in operation, treated effluent from the WWTF remains a potential future local supply source. Potential reuse applications may include agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation for parks and public facilities, roadway medians, industrial reuse, construction water, or groundwater recharge subject to future regulatory approvals. Initial opportunities would most likely occur near the WWTF or along cost-effective pipeline corridors.

Currently, the technical and economic feasibility of recycled water implementation is constrained by treatment upgrade costs, storage needs, transmission infrastructure, seasonal demand patterns, operational requirements, and available funding. No funded recycled water capital projects are currently planned during the 2025 UWMP planning horizon.

Based on current conditions, there are no projected recycled water use through 2050 unless future projects are identified and implemented. Because the City does not currently use recycled water and has no planned recycled water projects at this time, Submittal Tables 6-4 (Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area) and 6-5 (2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual) are not applicable to this UWMP.

The City will continue to evaluate future opportunities to beneficially reuse treated wastewater as part of its long-term water supply and groundwater sustainability planning efforts.

6.1.5.5. Actions to Encourage and Optimize Future Recycled Water Use CWC Section 10633
The plan shall provide, to the extent available, information on recycled water and its potential for use as a water source in the service area of the urban water supplier… and shall include the following:
(g) A plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the supplier’s service area, including actions to facilitate the installation of dual distribution systems, to promote recirculating uses, to facilitate the increased use of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, and to overcome any obstacles to achieving that increased use.

Consistent with CWC Section 10633(g) and the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, urban water suppliers are required to describe actions planned to encourage and optimize future recycled water use. The City of Livingston does not operate a municipal recycled water distribution system and does not have funded recycled water expansion projects planned during the 2025 UWMP planning horizon. Accordingly, no specific recycled water implementation actions or quantifiable increases in recycled water use are identified at this time.

While no near-term expansion projects are currently planned, the City recognizes that treated effluent from the City’s WWTF may represent a potential long-term supplemental water resource. As future conditions warrant, the City may evaluate opportunities to optimize recycled water use through feasibility studies, treatment upgrades, storage improvements, transmission infrastructure, and identification of nearby non-potable demands such as parks, landscaped areas, agricultural irrigation, public facilities, or groundwater recharge projects subject to regulatory approval.

Because the City does not currently plan to expand recycled water use during the planning horizon, Submittal Table 6-6 (Methods to Encourage Future Recycled Water Use) is not applicable to this UWMP. 138 of 912
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44 The City will continue to monitor future opportunities to beneficially reuse treated wastewater as part of long-term water supply planning.

6.1.6. Desalinated Water Opportunities
CWC Section 10631(g)
Describe the opportunities for development of desalinated water, including, but not limited to, ocean water, brackish water, and groundwater, as a long-term supply.

The City has evaluated the potential for desalinated water as a long-term water supply in accordance with CWC Section 10631(g). Due to the City’s inland location and significant distance from the Pacific Ocean, development of ocean desalination facilities or conveyance infrastructure to deliver desalinated seawater directly to the service area is not considered technically or economically feasible.

Similarly, there are no known brackish groundwater sources within or near the City’s service area that would support development of a brackish water desalination project.

Based on these factors, desalinated water is not currently a feasible or planned water supply option for the City of Livingston but may be revisited as part of future regional water supply planning efforts.

6.1.7. Water Exchanges or Transfers
CWC Section 10631(c)
Describe the opportunities for exchanges or transfers of water on a short-term or long-term basis.

The City of Livingston does not currently participate in any water transfers or exchange programs and has no existing contractual arrangements for imported water supplies through transfer or exchange mechanisms.

6.1.8. Supply from Storage
For purposes of this UWMP, “supply from storage” refers to water that was previously placed into surface or groundwater storage in a prior year and is subsequently withdrawn for use during the reporting year.

Consistent with the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, only water that was stored prior to the current reporting year and later extracted is reported as supply from storage to avoid double counting of water supplies.

The City does not rely on long-term surface or groundwater storage as a primary water supply source.

While the City operates storage tanks within its distribution system, these facilities are used for operational and system balancing purposes (meeting peak demand, maintaining pressure, and providing emergency storage) and do not function as long-term storage from which water is later withdrawn as a distinct supply source.

6.1.9. Other
The “Other” water supply category is used to report any water sources that are not adequately described by the defined supply categories in this UWMP. For the 2025 reporting year, the City does not have any water supplies that fall outside of the standard supply categories.

6.1.10. Future Water Projects
CWC Section 10631 (f)
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45 Include a description of all water supply projects and water supply programs that may be undertaken by the urban water supplier to meet the total projected water use, as established pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10635. The urban water supplier shall include a detailed description of expected future projects and programs that the urban water supplier may implement to increase the amount of the water supply available to the urban water supplier in normal and single dry water years and for a period of drought lasting five consecutive water years. The description shall identify specific projects and include a description of the increase in water supply that is expected to be available from each project. The description shall include an estimate with regard to the implementation timeline for each project or program.

The City of Livingston continues to evaluate and develop additional groundwater supply facilities to support projected future water demands, improve operational flexibility, and maintain long-term water supply reliability. As part of these efforts, the City has identified three future municipal groundwater wells that are planned for development during the UWMP planning period: Well No. 8A, Well No. 18, and Well No. 19. Each proposed well is anticipated to have an estimated production capacity of approximately 1,500 gpm.

At full operational capacity, each well would be capable of producing approximately 788 MG annually.

Collectively, the three planned wells could provide an estimated additional potable water supply of approximately 2,365 MG annually. These projects are intended to increase system reliability, provide redundancy within the City’s groundwater system, and accommodate future growth and demand within the service area.

Table 6-6 summarizes the City’s expected future water supply projects and the estimated increase in available water supply associated with each project.

Table 6-6 Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs (Submittal Table 6-7) Section 6.1.10 Provide page location of narrative in the UWMP Name of Future
Projects or
Programs
Joint Project with other
suppliers?
Water
Type
Planned
Implementation
Year
Planned for
Use in Year
Type
Expected
Increase in
Water
Supply to
Supplier
(MG)
Yes/No
If Yes,
Supplier
Name
Well No 8A No - Potable 2026 Average Year 788
Well No 18 No - Potable 2027 Average Year 788
Well No 19 No - Potable 2030 Average Year 788

6.2. Summary of Existing and Planned Sources
CWC Code 10631
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Section 6 – Normal-Year Water Supply Characterization
46 (b) Identify and quantify, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water available to the supplier over the same five-year increments described in subdivision (a), providing supporting and related information, including all of the following… (b)(2) When multiple sources of water supply are identified, a description of the management of each supply in correlation with the other identified supplies. (h) An urban water supplier that relies upon a wholesale agency for a source of water shall provide the wholesale agency with water use projections from that agency for that source of water in five-year increments to 20 years or as far as data is available. The wholesale agency shall provide information to the urban water supplier for inclusion in the urban water supplier’s plan that identifies and quantifies, to the extent practicable, the existing and planned sources of water as required by subdivision (b), available from the wholesale agency to the urban water supplier over the same fiveyear increments, and during various water-year types in accordance with subdivision (f). An urban water supplier may rely upon water supply information provided by the wholesale agency in fulfilling the plan informational requirements of subdivisions (b) and (f).

The City of Livingston currently relies exclusively on local groundwater supplies to meet municipal potable water demands. Groundwater extracted from the City’s municipal well system is conveyed through the City’s potable distribution system to serve residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, landscape irrigation, and public customers throughout the service area. The City’s existing water system includes nine municipal groundwater wells, including eight active production wells and one standby well, which collectively provide operational flexibility and system redundancy. The City also operates a 1.0 MG welded steel storage tank, booster facilities, transmission mains, and distribution infrastructure necessary to maintain adequate system pressures, fire flow protection, and reliable service throughout the City.

Since the City water supply consists entirely of groundwater, water supply management focuses on the coordinated operation of municipal wells, storage, and related infrastructure to efficiently meet seasonal and long-term demands while maintaining water system reliability and operational resiliency. The City continuously monitors groundwater production, storage levels, pumping operations, and distribution system performance to support reliable water service and sustainable groundwater management practices. The City’s groundwater supplies are extracted from the Merced Subbasin of the San Joaquin Valley Groundwater Basin, which is managed pursuant to SGMA through the MIUGSA. The City continues to coordinate regionally with groundwater sustainability efforts intended to achieve long-term basin sustainability conditions by 2040.

The City does not receive wholesale imported water supplies under contract and therefore is not dependent on a wholesale agency for municipal potable supply. However, the City may evaluate future opportunities for supplemental surface water supplies, groundwater recharge, recycled water development, or regional supply partnerships as part of long-term water resource planning. As previously discussed, the City is evaluating the feasibility of utilizing Merced River surface water supplies in coordination with the MID, which has expressed support for a future intake facility on the Merced River utilizing existing regional infrastructure where feasible.

In addition to groundwater management activities, the City has identified several future groundwater supply projects intended to improve long-term supply reliability and operational resiliency. The City currently plans to construct three additional municipal groundwater wells, each with an estimated 141 of 912
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47 production capacity of approximately 1,500 gpm. Collectively, the proposed wells are anticipated to provide an estimated additional water supply capacity of approximately 788 MG annually, assuming continuous operation at design capacity. These future projects are intended to support projected population growth, increase operational redundancy, improve system reliability during peak demand periods, and strengthen the City’s long-term drought resiliency.

Table 6-6 summarizes the City’s actual water supplies in 2025 by source category. As shown, total potable supplies in 2025 were approximately 2,432 MG, all of which was supplied from groundwater sources.

Table 6-7 Water Supplies — 2025 Actual (Submittal Table 6-8) Water Supply
2025
Water
Type
Actual
Volume
(MG)
Total
Entitlement
(MG)
Groundwater (not desalinated) Potable 2,432 2,432
Subtotal Potable 2,432 2,432
Subtotal Non-Potable 0 0
TOTAL 2,432 2,432
Table 6-8 summarizes the projected water supplies available to the City. 142 of 912
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48 Table 6-8 Water Supplies — Projected (Submittal Table 6-9) Water Supply
Projected Water Supply
20230 2035 2040 2045 2050
Reasonably
Available
Volume
Total Right
or Safe
Yield
Reasonably
Available
Volume
Total Right
or Safe
Yield
Reasonably
Available
Volume
Total Right
or Safe
Yield
Reasonably
Available
Volume
Total Right
or Safe
Yield
Reasonably
Available
Volume
Total Right
or Safe
Yield
Groundwater (not
desalinated) 2,616 2,616 2,814 2,814 3,028 3,028 3,258 3,258 3,507 3,507 Subtotal Potable 2,616 2,616 2,814 2,814 3,028 3,028 3,258 3,258 3,507 3,507 Subtotal NonPotable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 2,616 2,616 2,814 2,814 3,028 3,028 3,258 3,258 3,507 3,507 143 of 912
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49 6.3. Energy Use
CWC Section 10631.2. (a)
In addition to the requirements of Section 10631, an urban water management plan shall include any of the following information that the urban water supplier can readily obtain:
(1) An estimate of the amount of energy used to extract or divert water supplies. (2) An estimate of the amount of energy used to convey water supplies to the water treatment plants or distribution systems.
(3) An estimate of the amount of energy used to treat water supplies. (4) An estimate of the amount of energy used to distribute water supplies through its distribution systems.
(5) An estimate of the amount of energy used for treated water supplies in comparison to the amount used for nontreated water supplies.
(6) An estimate of the amount of energy used to place water into or withdraw from storage. (7) Any other energy-related information the urban water supplier deems appropriate.

The City of Livingston relies exclusively on locally extracted groundwater supplies produced through its municipal well system. Accordingly, the City directly incurs energy demands associated with groundwater extraction, treatment, storage, and distribution operations. Unlike agencies that rely on imported or wholesale surface water supplies, the City’s primary source water energy demands are associated with operation of municipal groundwater wells, booster pumps, and related water system infrastructure. The City currently operates eight active municipal groundwater wells and one standby well that collectively provides potable water service throughout the service area. Groundwater extracted from these wells is conveyed through the City’s potable water distribution system and storage tank to meet residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, landscape irrigation, and public water demands.

The City relies primarily on locally extracted groundwater supplied through its municipal well system.

Accordingly, the City directly incurs energy demands associated with groundwater pumping, treatment, storage, and distribution operations. Unlike agencies that purchase imported water, the City’s source water extraction energy is primarily associated with operation of municipal well pumps and related facilities and is included in this analysis.

Within the City’s water system, energy use is primarily associated with groundwater pumping, water treatment, storage operations, and distribution system pressure maintenance. Source water extraction energy demands are driven by pumping groundwater from the underlying Merced Subbasin through municipal well pumps into the potable distribution system and storage facilities. Treatment-related energy use includes operation of chlorination systems, chemical feed equipment, wellhead treatment facilities, and other water quality compliance infrastructure where applicable. Distribution-related energy demands are associated with operation of booster pump stations, transmission facilities, system pressure maintenance, and delivery of potable water throughout the City’s service area. Energy use associated with storage operations primarily consists of pumping water into the City’s storage tank and maintaining 144 of 912
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50 operational storage levels necessary for peak demands and fire flow protection. Withdrawals from storage may occur through gravity flow or supplemental pumping depending on system operating conditions.

Energy intensity is defined as the amount of energy required to extract, treat, store, and distribute a unit volume of water, typically expressed in kilowatt-hours per million gallons (kWh/MG). For the City, this includes energy used to pump groundwater from municipal wells, convey water into storage, provide any required treatment, and distribute water throughout the potable system. These processes are metered through electrical service accounts and recorded in kilowatt-hours (kWh).

An energy intensity analysis was performed for the reporting period of January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025. The results are summarized in Table 6-9, which presents estimated water volumes, energy consumption, and calculated energy intensity in accordance with DWR’s recommended Total Utility Approach (Submittal Table O-1B). The calculated system-wide energy intensity is 1,814 kWh/MG.

The City does not currently generate electricity to offset its energy use. Detailed supporting information is provided in Appendix F.

Table 6-9 Energy Reporting - Single Delivery Product - Total Utility Approach (DWR Table O-1B) Water Delivery Product Retail Potable
Deliveries Urban Water Supplier Operational Control
Enter Start Date for Reporting Period 1/1/2025
Sum of All Water
Management
Processes
Non-Consequential
Hydropower
End Date 12/31/2025
Is upstream embedded energy in the
values reported? No
Units of Measure for Water MG Total Utility Hydropower Net Utility Volume of Water Entering Process (MG) 2,432 0 2,432
Energy Consumed (kWh) 4,410,434 0 4,410,434
Energy Intensity (kWh/MG) 1,814 0 1,814
As discussed in Section 6.6, the City collects, treats, and disposes of wastewater generated from residential, commercial, and industrial sources within the service area. During the 2025 reporting period, approximately 808 MG of wastewater was collected and conveyed through the City’s sewer collection system and treated at the City’s WWTP. The energy intensity associated with the City’s wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal operations for the reporting period of January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2025, is provided in Table 6-10.

A total of 161,613 kWh was consumed for wastewater collection and conveyance operations associated with the City’s sewer lift stations and force main system, while 150,364 kWh was consumed for wastewater treatment operations at the WWTP, resulting in a combined wastewater system energy use of approximately 311,976 kWh. Based on the total wastewater volume treated during the reporting period, the calculated overall wastewater energy intensity is approximately 193 kWh/MG.

The City’s WWTP also utilizes on-site solar generation to offset electrical demand associated with treatment operations. Renewable energy generated at the facility has already been incorporated into the net energy consumption data provided by the City and reflected in the reported treatment energy use 145 of 912
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51 values. The City does not currently produce or distribute recycled water; therefore, recycled water energy use and energy intensity values are reported as zero in Table 6-12.

Table 6-10 Energy Reporting -Wastewater and Recycled Water (DWR Table O-2) Start Date of Reporting Period 1/1/2025 Only for Water Delivery Products Under the Urban Water End Date of Reporting Period 12/31/2025 Supplier's Operational Control Is upstream embedded energy in
the values reported? No Water Management Process
Units of Measure for Water MG Collection/
Conveyance Treatment Discharge/ Distribution Total
Volume of Wastewater Entering Process (MG) 808 808 0 1,616 Wastewater Energy Consumed (kWh) 161,613 150,364 0 311,976 Wastewater Energy Intensity (kWh/MG) 200 186 0 193
Volume of Recycled Water Entering Process (MG) 0 0 0 0
Recycled Water Energy Consumed (kWh) 0 0 0 0
Recycled Water Energy Intensity (kWh/MG) 0 0 0 0
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Section 7 – Water Supply Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 52 CHAPTER 7 - WATER SUPPLY RELIABILITY AND DROUGHT RISK

ASSESSMENT
Assessing water service reliability is the fundamental purpose for the UWMP and a core requirement of the UWMP. Water service reliability reflects the ability of the City of Livingston to meet the current and projected water needs of its customers under a range of hydrologic, regulatory, and operational conditions.

Consistent with CWC Sections 10631(c) and 10635, this chapter evaluates the reliability of the City’s water supplies by comparing projected water demands with available supplies under varying conditions, including normal years, single dry years, and droughts lasting five consecutive years. This analysis considers multiple factors that may influence supply reliability, including hydrologic variability, climate change, regulatory constraints, infrastructure limitations, and operational considerations.

The City of Livingston relies primarily on groundwater supplies from the Merced Subbasin to meet its potable water demands. As such, water supply reliability is closely tied to groundwater availability, basin conditions, and long-term sustainability efforts under the SGMA. As documented in regional groundwater planning efforts, the Merced Subbasin has been identified as a critically overdrafted basin and is being actively managed to achieve sustainable groundwater conditions by 2040 through coordinated implementation of GSPs. These efforts play a key role in maintaining long-term water supply reliability for the City.

This chapter also addresses water quality and its potential influence on water supply reliability and management strategies. Because the City relies on groundwater as its sole source of supply, water quality considerations are an important component of system operations and planning. Groundwater quality in the region may be influenced by both naturally occurring constituents and anthropogenic factors, including agricultural activities. Maintaining compliance with drinking water standards and addressing constituents of concern, and other regulated contaminants, is essential to ensuring a reliable potable water supply. As groundwater conditions evolve under SGMA implementation, ongoing monitoring and management of water quality will remain a critical component of the City’s water supply reliability framework.

Additionally, this chapter includes a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) that evaluates the reliability of the City’s water system over a continuous five-year drought period. The DRA provides a forward-looking assessment of risks associated with extended drought conditions and supports proactive planning and implementation of shortage response actions.

The water service reliability assessment presented in this chapter summarizes the City’s expected ability to meet projected demands under normal, single dry year, and five consecutive dry year conditions for planning horizon years 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045, and 2050. This evaluation provides the basis for identifying potential supply shortages and informs the City’s water shortage contingency planning, demand management strategies, and long-term resource planning.

7.1. Constraints on Water Sources
CWC Section 10631 (b)(1)
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Section 7 – Water Supply Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 53 A detailed discussion of anticipated supply availability under a normal water year, single dry year, and droughts lasting at least five years, as well as more frequent and severe periods of drought, as described in the drought risk assessment. For each source of water supply, consider any information pertinent to the reliability analysis conducted pursuant to Section 10635, including changes in supply due to climate change.

CWC Section 10634
The plan shall include information, to the extent practicable, relating to the quality of existing sources of water available to the supplier over the same five-year increments as described in subdivision (a) of Section 10631, and the manner in which water quality affects water management strategies and supply reliability.

CWC Section 10635 (b)(2)
A determination of the reliability of each source of supply under a variety of water shortage conditions.

This may include a determination that a particular source of water supply is fully reliable under most, if not all, conditions.

CWC Section 10635 (b)(4)
Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.

Water supply reliability is influenced by a range of physical, regulatory, and operational factors that may affect the availability of water under varying conditions, including normal years, single dry years, and droughts lasting five consecutive years or longer. This section describes key constraints that may affect the reliability of each water supply source, including water quality considerations, climatic variability, and legal and institutional factors.

As previously stated, the City relies solely on groundwater supplies from the Merced Subbasin to meet its potable water demands. Accordingly, the reliability of the City’s water supply is directly tied to groundwater conditions, including basin hydrology, recharge, and long-term sustainability under the SGMA. The Merced Subbasin is identified as a critically overdrafted basin and is being managed to achieve sustainable groundwater conditions by 2040 through coordinated groundwater sustainability plans.

The factors summarized below may influence groundwater supply availability and are incorporated into the City’s water supply reliability assessment and DRA.

7.1.1. Water Quality
Water quality is a key factor influencing water supply reliability, as it may affect the suitability of groundwater for potable use and require operational responses such as treatment, blending, or well management. The City relies exclusively on groundwater from the Merced Subbasin and therefore maintains an ongoing water quality monitoring program in accordance with regulatory requirements to ensure compliance with applicable drinking water standards.

Water quality data for the City’s active supply wells are available through the State’s Drinking Water Watch database. The most recent monitoring results for Well Nos. 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 are summarized in Table 7-1.
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Section 7 – Water Supply Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 54 Table 7-1 Groundwater Quality by Well
Constituent
Raw Water
Well MCL
8 Well
9 Well
11 Well
12 Well
13 Well
14 Well
15 Well
16 Well
17 Primary
Aluminum, µg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,000
Antimony, µg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
Arsenic, µg/L 4 5.7 6.6 7.4 9.2 4.7 3.8 17 8.6 10
Barium, µg/L 130 0 0 130 51 110 78 76 85 1,000
Beryllium, µg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
Cadmium, µg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
Chromium, µg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50
Cyanide, µg/L NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 10
Fluoride, mg/L 0.12 0.15 0.2 0.12 0.17 0.14 0.14 0.1 0.2 2 Hexavalent chromium, µg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0.93 0 0 0 10
Mercury, µg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Nickel, µg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100
Nitrate (as Nitrogen), mg/L 7.9 1.9 0.68 4.9 1.8 7.4 0 1.3 1.5 10 Nitrate + Nitrite (sum as
Nitrogen), mg/L 8.1 1.9 0.61 5.2 1.8 7.4 0 0 0 10
Nitrite (as nitrogen), mg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
Perchlorate, µg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
Selenium, µg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50
Thallium, µg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Secondary
Color, Units 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15
Copper, µg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,000.0
Foaming Agents (MBAS), mg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5
Iron, µg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 0 0 300
Manganese, µg/L 12 31 52 22 30 0 41 35 35 50
Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE),
µg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13
Odor (Threshold at 60°C), Ton 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
Silver, µg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100
Thiobencarb, µg/L 0 NR 0 0 NR 0 0 0 NR 70
Turbidity, NTU 0 0 0.2 0.1 0.11 0.1 0.71 0.23 0.38 5
Zinc, µg/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,000
Total Dissolved Solids, mg/L NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 1,000 Specific Conductance, µS/L 580 390 400 450 390 330 440 360 390 1,600 Chloride, mg/L 55 30 44 23 33 9.1 54 27 41 500
Sulfate, mg/L 50 25 15 39 25 25 19 18 18 500
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Section 7 – Water Supply Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 55 In recent years, groundwater quality within the City’s service area has continued to decline due to a combination of naturally occurring constituents, historical agricultural activities, and increasing regulatory requirements for drinking water quality. As regulatory standards have become more stringent, several of the City’s municipal groundwater wells have produced water at or above established Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for one or more regulated constituents. The City’s groundwater supply contains varying concentrations of both natural and anthropogenic contaminants, with the primary constituents of concern including 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP), arsenic, and manganese.

In 2017, the SWRCB DDW established a drinking water MCL for TCP of 0.005 micrograms per liter (μg/l).

Subsequently, on April 20, 2018, the SWRCB DDW issued Compliance Order No. 03_11_18R_013 (CO) to the City after several municipal wells exceeded the newly established TCP MCL. To maintain compliance with drinking water standards and preserve long-term groundwater reliability, the City has implemented multiple TCP treatment projects throughout the water system.

The City completed construction of a centralized TCP treatment facility at Well No. 16 designed to treat the combined groundwater production from Well Nos. 14 and 16. The project included approximately 3,100 linear feet of conveyance pipeline between the wells and installation of four Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) treatment trains capable of treating the combined flows from both wells. In addition, the City completed construction of a dedicated TCP treatment system at Well No. 8 to address TCP concentrations associated with Well No. 8 and improve operational reliability in the eastern portion of the service area.

The City continues to pursue additional groundwater treatment improvements to address TCP impacts throughout the water system and maintain compliance with State drinking water regulations. Future improvements planned include additional centralized TCP treatment facilities intended to serve Well Nos. 9, 12, 13, and 17. These projects are intended to improve operational flexibility, maintain regulatory compliance, and preserve the long-term reliability of the City’s groundwater supply.

In addition to TCP, several of the City’s groundwater wells contain arsenic concentrations approaching or exceeding the arsenic MCL of 10 µg/L. As shown in Table 7-1, Well No. 16 currently exhibits the highest arsenic concentration at approximately 17 µg/L, while Well Nos. 13 and 17 also contain elevated arsenic levels approaching the MCL. To address these conditions, the City previously completed construction of arsenic treatment systems at Well Nos. 13 and 16 utilizing adsorption media treatment technology to reduce arsenic concentrations and maintain compliance with drinking water standards.

Nitrate concentrations also remain elevated in portions of the groundwater basin, particularly at Well Nos. 8 and 14, which report nitrate plus nitrite concentrations approaching the MCL of 10 mg/L.

Manganese continues to be a constituent of concern within portions of the City’s well system, with Well No. 11 slightly exceeding the secondary MCL and several additional wells reporting concentrations approaching the regulatory threshold.

The continued degradation of groundwater quality within the underlying Merced Subbasin, combined with increasingly stringent drinking water regulations, has reinforced the City’s interest in evaluating alternative and supplemental water supply strategies. As discussed previously, the City continues to actively evaluate the feasibility of incorporating surface water supplies from the Merced River to diversify 150 of 912
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Section 7 – Water Supply Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 56 its water supply portfolio, improve long-term water supply reliability, and reduce dependence on groundwater supplies that require increasingly complex treatment.

7.1.1.2. Climatic Changes
Climatic and hydrologic conditions are key factors influencing the long-term reliability of the City of Livingston’s water supply. The City operates within the semi-arid climate of California’s central San Joaquin Valley, where water supply availability and customer demands are closely tied to regional temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration patterns. In accordance with CWC Sections 10630 and 10635(b), this UWMP considers both historical climate variability and projected climate change impacts in evaluating future water supply reliability.

Climate change projections for California indicate increasing temperatures, more variable precipitation patterns, and a greater frequency and duration of drought conditions. These changes may influence water demand within the City through increased outdoor irrigation requirements, longer dry seasons, and higher evapotranspiration rates. Warmer conditions and extended dry periods may result in higher peak demands and increased overall water use, particularly during summer months.

The City of Livingston relies entirely on groundwater extracted from the Merced Subbasin to meet potable water demands. Consequently, climate change impacts on the City’s water supply are primarily associated with potential reductions in groundwater recharge and changes in regional groundwater basin conditions.

Similar to other San Joaquin Valley groundwater basins, future hydrologic conditions within the Merced Subbasin are expected to be influenced by reduced snowpack storage, earlier runoff timing, and increased variability in annual precipitation patterns. A larger percentage of precipitation is anticipated to occur as rainfall rather than snow, resulting in earlier seasonal runoff and potentially reducing groundwater recharge opportunities during critical recharge periods.

In addition, increasing temperatures and higher evapotranspiration rates may reduce the effectiveness of natural recharge and increase agricultural and urban irrigation demands throughout the region. While long-term precipitation totals may not substantially decline, changes in the timing, intensity, and distribution of precipitation events may contribute to more frequent drought periods, reduced recharge opportunities, and increased groundwater pumping demands. Over time, these conditions may place additional stress on the Merced Subbasin, which is currently managed under the SGMA through the MIUGSA and other regional Groundwater Sustainability Agencies.

The City’s long-term water supply planning assumptions are consistent with regional SGMA planning efforts and applicable GSPs for the Merced Subbasin. The City continues to coordinate with regional groundwater management agencies regarding basin sustainability, groundwater recharge efforts, and long-term water supply reliability planning. In addition, the City is actively evaluating alternative water supply strategies, including the potential future use of surface water supplies from the Merced River, to reduce long-term reliance on groundwater supplies that may become increasingly vulnerable to climatic variability and water quality degradation.

7.1.1.3. Legal Constraints
Legal and institutional factors may influence the long-term availability, reliability, and management of the City of Livingston’s water supplies. The City relies exclusively on groundwater extracted from the Merced 151 of 912
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Section 7 – Water Supply Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 57 Subbasin to meet potable water demands; therefore, regulatory requirements governing groundwater management represent the primary institutional factor affecting future water supply reliability.

The Merced Subbasin is managed under SGMA through the MIUGSA and other regional GSAs responsible for implementation of adopted GSPs. The GSPs establish long-term sustainability criteria and management objectives for the basin, including measurable objectives and minimum thresholds related to groundwater levels, groundwater quality, land subsidence, and interconnected surface waters.

Implementation of SGMA may result in future groundwater management actions, including increased monitoring and reporting requirements, groundwater recharge projects, demand management measures, and potential limitations on groundwater pumping necessary to achieve basin sustainability by 2040.

Although the Merced Subbasin is not an adjudicated groundwater basin, SGMA implementation effectively establishes a long-term regulatory framework governing groundwater extraction and basin management. As regional sustainability measures are implemented, groundwater users throughout the basin, including municipal suppliers such as the City, may experience increased operational and regulatory requirements intended to prevent undesirable results and maintain sustainable groundwater conditions.

In addition to SGMA-related requirements, the City’s water system operations are subject to applicable federal, State, and local drinking water regulations administered primarily by the SWRCB-DDW. These regulations establish MCLs, monitoring requirements, operational standards, and treatment obligations that may affect the operation of individual groundwater wells and require significant investment in groundwater treatment infrastructure. As discussed previously, the City has implemented multiple treatment projects to address contaminants such as TCP and arsenic to maintain compliance with drinking water standards. Future changes in drinking water regulations or the establishment of more stringent water quality standards may further influence groundwater supply availability and treatment requirements during the planning period.

Currently, the City does not rely on imported water supplies, contractual surface water deliveries, or interagency transfer agreements; therefore, no contractual supply limitations or third-party delivery constraints affect the City’s water supply. However, regional groundwater management decisions, regulatory actions, and evolving water policy may affect long-term supply availability and are considered in the City’s planning assumptions.

To improve long-term water supply resiliency and reduce dependence on groundwater supplies that require increasingly complex treatment, the City is evaluating the potential future use of surface water supplies from the Merced River. Development of an alternative or supplemental surface water supply could improve operational flexibility, reduce groundwater pumping demands within the Merced Subbasin, and enhance the City’s ability to adapt to future regulatory and groundwater management requirements.

Overall, while no immediate legal or institutional constraints currently limit the City’s ability to meet projected water demands under normal hydrologic conditions, continued SGMA implementation, evolving drinking water regulations, groundwater quality degradation, and regional groundwater management actions will remain important considerations affecting long-term water supply reliability throughout the planning period.
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Section 7 – Water Supply Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 58 7.2. Water Service Reliability Assessment
CWC Section 10635(a)
Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years. This water supply and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the long-term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state, regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.

Water supply reliability is evaluated based on the characteristics of the City’s water supplies under representative water year types. In accordance with CWC Section 10635(a), the City’s water service reliability is assessed under three hydrologic conditions, which are described in the following sections.

7.2.1. Year Type Characterization
For evaluating water supply reliability, the City has defined representative water year types based on historical supply records. These year types are intended to reflect a range of hydrologic conditions and corresponding supply availability that may be experienced during the planning horizon. • Normal Year – A normal year represents typical water supply conditions under average hydrologic conditions. This could be a single year or averaged range of years that most closely represents the average water supply available to the Supplier. For this UWMP, the normal year supply was determined based on the average volume of potable water supplied by the City over the representative period from 2001 through 2025. During this period, the average volume of water supplied was 2,374 MG. This value is used to represent the volume of potable water available under normal conditions.
• Single Dry Year – The single dry year is recommended to be the year that represents the lowest water supply available. The year 2010 represents the single dry year for the City, during which, the City supplied 2,101 MG of water.
• Five-Consecutive Year Drought – The driest five-year historical sequence for the supplier, which may be the lowest average water supply available for five years in a row. For the five-year drought period, the City evaluated the average volume of water that was supplied during the State’s most recent drought period, which occurred during the years of 2012 to 2016. During this period, the average volume of water that was supplied was approximately 2,336 MG. Between 2012 and 2016, the volume of water supplied decreased at an average annual rate of approximately 2.4 percent.

Table 7-2 summarizes the City’s historical supply reliability under the representative water years types described above. The available supplies columns presents both the volume and corresponding percentage of potable water supply that would be expected if hydrology similar to each year type were to recur. 153 of 912
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Section 7 – Water Supply Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 59 Table 7-2 Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) (Submittal Table 7-1) Year Type Base Year
Available Supplies if Year Type Repeats
Quantification of available supplies is
provided in this table as either volume
only, percent only, or both.

Volume Available % of Average Supply
Average Year 2001 -
2025 2,374 100%
Single-Dry Year 2010 2,101 88%
Consecutive Dry Years 1st Year(1) 2012 2,336 98%
Consecutive Dry Years 2nd Year(1) 2013 2,281 96%
Consecutive Dry Years 3rd Year(1) 2014 2,227 94%
Consecutive Dry Years 4th Year(1) 2015 2,174 92%
Consecutive Dry Years 5th Year(1) 2016 2,123 89%
NOTES:
(1)Assumes a 2.4 percent decrease in the available water supply from previous year.

7.2.2. Supply and Demand Comparison
CWC Section 10635(a)
Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, an assessment of the reliability of its water service to its customers during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years.

This water supply and demand assessment shall compare the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the long-term total projected water use over the next 20 years, in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years. The water service reliability assessment shall be based upon the information compiled pursuant to Section 10631, including available data from state, regional, or local agency population projections within the service area of the urban water supplier.

This section presents a comparison of the City’s projected water demands and available water supplies to evaluate the reliability of water service under normal, single dry year, and multiple dry year conditions.

This assessment compares total projected water use with available water supplies over a 20-year planning horizon, in five-year increments, and is based on the demand projections presented in Chapter 4 and the supply projections presented in Chapter 6.

The following subsections evaluate water supply reliability by comparing total annual supply and demand for each representative water year type for the years 2025 through 2050. This analysis provides the basis for determining whether sufficient supplies are available to meet projected demands under varying hydrologic conditions.

7.2.2.1. Normal Year
As discussed in Chapter 6, the City relies exclusively on groundwater supplies from the Merced Subbasin to meet its potable water demands. Under normal year conditions, groundwater has historically provided a reliable and drought-resilient source of supply. Based on available basin data and current groundwater 154 of 912
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Section 7 – Water Supply Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 60 management efforts, including implementation of the GSPs, the City does not anticipate that normal hydrologic variability will result in a reduction of available water supplies sufficient to impact service reliability. The Merced Subbasin GSPs have been approved by the DWR and are being implemented to achieve long-term sustainability by 2040, which supports continued reliability of groundwater supplies.

While groundwater conditions are subject to long-term variability, the City’s system of multiple municipal wells provides operational flexibility and redundancy, further supporting reliability during normal year conditions. In addition, the City has developed a comprehensive WSCP, presented in Chapter 8, to address potential supply disruptions and ensure continued service under a range of hydrologic conditions.

Table 7-3 presents a comparison of projected water supplies and demands under normal year conditions.

As shown, projected supplies are equal to projected demands throughout the planning horizon. Supply and demand totals are consistent with those presented in Table 6-8 and Table 4-5, respectively. Based on this comparison, the City is expected to maintain a reliable water supply with no anticipated surplus or shortfall under normal year conditions.

Table 7-3 Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison (Submittal Table 7-2) 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Supply Totals (MG) (From Table 6-8) 2,616 2,814 3,028 3,258 3,507 Use Totals (MG) (From Table 4-5) 2,616 2,814 3,028 3,258 3,507 Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0

7.2.2.2. Single Dry Year
Single dry year conditions represent a period of below-average hydrologic conditions that may result in reduced groundwater recharge and increased reliance on groundwater supplies. For planning purposes, the City evaluated single dry year conditions by applying a reduction factor of approximately 12 percent to both projected water supplies and demands relative to normal year conditions. This assumption reflects the combined effects of reduced groundwater availability and implementation of demand reduction measures consistent with the City’s WSCP.

Although the City relies solely on groundwater, which is generally less susceptible to short-term hydrologic variability than surface water supplies, extended dry conditions may affect basin recharge and groundwater levels. However, groundwater within the Merced Subbasin continues to provide a reliable source of supply, and ongoing implementation of the GSPs is intended to ensure long-term basin sustainability and mitigate impacts associated with dry conditions. These plans support maintaining reliable groundwater supplies even during periods of reduced recharge.

As shown in Table 7-4, projected water supplies under single dry year conditions are equal to projected demands throughout the planning horizon. Based on this comparison, the City does not anticipate supply shortages under single dry conditions and expects to meet all projected demands through 2050.

Table 7-4 Single Dry Year Supply and Use Comparison (Submittal Table 7-3) 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Supply Totals (MG) 2,315 2,490 2,679 2,883 3,104
Use Totals (MG) 2,315 2,490 2,679 2,883 3,104
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Section 7 – Water Supply Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 61 Table 7-4 Single Dry Year Supply and Use Comparison (Submittal Table 7-3) 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0

7.2.2.3. Five Consecutive Dry Years
Table 7-4 presents the comparison of projected water supplies and demands under a multiple dry year scenario consisting of five consecutive dry years over the planning horizon. This analysis is intended to evaluate the City’s ability to meet demands under prolonged drought conditions. For planning purposes, the City assumes incremental reductions in both available groundwater supply and water demand relative to normal year conditions. These reductions reflect the combined effects of reduced basin recharge, declining groundwater levels, and implementation of sustained water use restrictions consistent with the City’s WSCP.

Specifically, reductions of approximately 2.32 percent in the second year, 2.27 percent in the third year,

2.21 percent in the fourth year, and 2.16 percent in the fifth year are applied relative to normal year conditions. Although groundwater supplies are generally less sensitive to short-term hydrologic variability, extended drought conditions may affect recharge and increase reliance on groundwater.

However, ongoing implementation of the Merced Subbasin GSPs is intended to stabilize groundwater conditions and ensure long-term reliability through 2040 and beyond.

Table 7-5 Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison (Submittal Table 7-4) 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
First Year
Supply Totals (MG) 2,573 2,768 2,978 3,205 3,450
Use Totals (MG) 2,573 2,768 2,978 3,205 3,450
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Second Year
Supply Totals (MG) 2,513 2,703 2,908 3,130 3,369
Use Totals (MG) 2,513 2,703 2,908 3,130 3,369
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Third Year
Supply Totals (MG) 2,453 2,639 2,839 3,056 3,289
Use Totals (MG) 2,453 2,639 2,839 3,056 3,289
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Fourth Year
Supply Totals (MG) 2,395 2,577 2,772 2,984 3,212
Use Totals (MG) 2,395 2,577 2,772 2,984 3,212
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Fifth Year
Supply Totals (MG) 2,339 2,516 2,707 2,913 3,136
Use Totals (MG) 2,339 2,516 2,707 2,913 3,136
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0

7.2.3. Description of Management Tools and Options
CWC Section 10620(f)
An urban water supplier shall describe in the plan water management tools and options used by that entity that will maximize resources and minimize the need to import water from other regions. 156 of 912
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Section 7 – Water Supply Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 62 The City recognizes the importance of maintaining a high quality and reliable water supply while ensuring the long-term sustainability of its groundwater resources within the Merced Subbasin. Although groundwater remains the City’s primary and most reliable water supply source, the long-term availability of groundwater is influenced by basin conditions, recharge rates, water quality considerations, climate variability, and implementation of SGMA requirements through the MIUGSA GSP. As discussed in Chapter 6 of this 2025 UWMP, the City currently relies exclusively on groundwater supplied by municipal wells; however, the City recognizes the importance of evaluating additional water supply sources in the future to improve long-term water supply reliability, resiliency, and sustainability.

To improve supply reliability during normal, single dry-year, and prolonged drought conditions, the City may evaluate the feasibility of developing a secondary surface water supply source in the future. Potential future improvements could include construction of a Horizontal Collector Well and a 2.0 MGD Surface Water Treatment Plant utilizing surface water supplies from the Merced River to supplement existing groundwater production and reduce long-term reliance on groundwater pumping within the critically overdrafted Merced Subbasin. Development of an additional surface water source would improve operational flexibility during drought conditions or groundwater supply interruptions, diversify the City’s water supply portfolio, and support long-term regional groundwater sustainability objectives consistent with the planning goals of the 2025 UWMP.

The Merced Subbasin is a high-priority basin that has been identified as critically overdrafted and is now regulated under SGMA. Groundwater conditions within the basin are being managed through coordinated GSPs, which establish a framework to achieve sustainable groundwater conditions by 2040. As a result, the reliability of the City’s groundwater supply is closely tied to basin-wide efforts to balance groundwater extraction with recharge and to avoid undesirable results.

To support sustainable groundwater management and minimize impacts to the basin, the City focuses on maximizing the efficient use of its existing water supplies and reducing overall demand. The City implements a range of demand management measures (DMMs), including water conservation programs, public education and outreach, water loss control, and system efficiency improvements. The City will continue to expand and refine these efforts through implementation of additional DMMs, as described in Chapter 9, and through ongoing evaluation of system improvements such as advanced metering infrastructure.

In addition, the City’s WSCP, presented in Chapter 8, provides a structured approach to managing water use during drought and supply shortage conditions. The WSCP includes staged response actions designed to reduce demand and maintain essential water service during periods of reduced supply availability.

Operationally, the City’s system of multiple groundwater wells provides flexibility to manage pumping, distribute demand, and maintain service reliability. The City also continues to coordinate with regional groundwater agencies and monitor basin conditions to support sustainable groundwater use.

Through these combined management tools and strategies, the City aims to optimize the use of its local groundwater resources, reduce long-term demand, and support basin sustainability, thereby minimizing the need for imported or alternative water supplies.
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Section 7 – Water Supply Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 63 7.3. Drought Risk Assessment
CWC Section 10635(b)
Every urban water supplier shall include, as part of its urban water management plan, a drought risk assessment for its water service to its customers as part of information considered in developing the demand management measures and water supply projects and programs to be included in the urban water management plan. The urban water supplier may conduct an interim update or updates to this drought risk assessment within the five-year cycle of its urban water management plan update. The drought risk assessment shall include each of the following:
(1) A description of the data, methodology, and basis for one or more supply shortage conditions that are necessary to conduct a drought risk assessment for a drought period that lasts five consecutive water years, starting from the year following when the assessment is conducted. (2) A determination of the reliability of each source of supply under a variety of water shortage conditions. This may include a determination that a particular source of water supply is fully reliable under most, if not all, conditions.
(3) A comparison of the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the total projected water use for the drought period.
(4) Considerations of the historical drought hydrology, plausible changes on projected supplies and demands under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.

In accordance with CWC Sections 10612 and 10635(b), the City has prepared a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) as part of this 2025 UWMP to evaluate the reliability of its water supplies under a drought lasting five consecutive years. The DRA was originally developed for the 2020 UWMP and has been reevaluated and updated for this 2025 UWMP to incorporate the most recent data, revised assumptions, and current regulatory and planning considerations. The DRA is intended to assess potential water supply shortages and to inform the development of demand management measures, water supply projects, and operational strategies.

The DRA presented in this section provides a forward-looking evaluation of water supply reliability over a five-year period beginning in the year following preparation of this 2025 UWMP. This assessment considers the relationship between projected water supplies and unconstrained water demands under extended drought conditions, as well as relevant factors such as historical hydrology, climate change, regulatory considerations, and local operational conditions. The DRA may be updated by the City outside of the UWMP cycle as new data becomes available or conditions change.

7.3.1. Data, Methodology, and Basis of Analysis
The DRA presented in Table 7-6 evaluates the City’s water supply reliability under a representative fiveconsecutive dry year scenario. The analysis is based on a planning-level comparison of projected water supplies and unconstrained demands, consistent with DWR guidance.

The following data, assumptions, and methodology were used in preparation of the City’s DRA:
• The representative five-year drought sequence for this 2025 UWMP is based on a recent period of extended dry conditions (2012–2016), which reflects hydrologic conditions similar to those 158 of 912
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Section 7 – Water Supply Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 64 experienced in the region. During comparable dry periods, groundwater recharge is reduced and reliance on groundwater pumping increases. Based on available operational data, the City’s potable water supply during dry conditions is estimated to decline at an average rate of approximately 2.4 percent over the drought period.
• Projected potable water supplies during the five-year drought scenario are assumed to decrease incrementally relative to normal year conditions to reflect reduced recharge, declining groundwater levels, and operational constraints. Reductions of approximately 2.32 percent in Year 2, 2.27 percent in Year 3, 2.21 percent in Year 4, and 2.16 percent in Year 5 are applied.

These assumptions are consistent with the City’s reliability analysis presented in Section 7.2 and represent a conservative planning approach.
• Projected water demands during the drought period are based on unconstrained demand projections presented in Table 4-5 (Section 4.2.5) of this UWMP, consistent with DWR guidance requiring that drought risk be evaluated without assuming demand reductions prior to implementation of shortage response actions.
• Projected demands are compared to available supplies to identify potential supply shortfalls and to evaluate the timing and magnitude of WSCP implementation. Based on the results of the analysis, the City would implement staged WSCP actions to offset projected deficits. Specifically, Stage 1 water shortage response actions would be implemented during Years 3 and 4 of the drought scenario, while Stage 2 response actions would be required during Year 5. The conservation measures and response actions associated with each stage are described in Chapter

8. Supply shortfalls identified in the analysis are assumed to be fully offset through demand reduction measures implemented under the WSCP. No supply augmentation projects are assumed during the drought period. This approach reflects the City’s reliance on groundwater as its sole supply source and its emphasis on demand management to maintain supply-demand balance during drought conditions.

Table 7-6 Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment (Submittal Table 7-5) 2026 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 2,468
Total Supplies (MG) 2,573
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action (MG) 105
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) -
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) -
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) (MG) 105
2027 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 2,504
Total Supplies (MG) 2,513
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action (MG) 8
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) -
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) -
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Section 7 – Water Supply Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 65 Table 7-6 Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment (Submittal Table 7-5) Revised Surplus/(shortfall) (MG) 8
2028 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 2,541
Total Supplies (MG) 2,453
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action (MG) (88)
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) -
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 88
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) (MG) 0
2029 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 2,578
Total Supplies (MG) 2,395
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action (MG) (183)
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) -
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 183
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) (MG) 0
2030 Total
Total Water Use (MG) 2,616
Total Supplies (MG) 2,339
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action (MG) (277)
Planned WSCP Actions
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (MG) -
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (MG) 277
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) (MG) 0
The results of the DRA demonstrate that, while supply shortfalls may occur under extended drought conditions in the absence of management actions, implementation of the City’s WSCP is sufficient to eliminate projected deficits and maintain reliable water service throughout the drought period. The City’s ability to respond to drought conditions is further supported by ongoing basin-wide groundwater management efforts under the Merced Subbasin GSPs, which are intended to stabilize groundwater conditions and ensure long-term supply reliability.

7.3.2. Water Supply Determination
The City of Livingston relies exclusively on groundwater extracted from municipal wells completed within the Merced Subbasin to meet its potable water demands. Unlike surface water supplies, groundwater is generally less susceptible to short-term hydrologic variability; however, its long-term availability is influenced by basin conditions, including recharge, pumping, and regulatory requirements.

The Merced Subbasin is a high-priority basin identified as critically overdrafted and is currently managed under SGMA through coordinated GSPs. These plans establish a framework to achieve sustainable 160 of 912
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Section 7 – Water Supply Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 66 groundwater conditions by 2040 through balancing groundwater extraction with recharge and avoiding undesirable results. As such, the reliability of the City’s water supply is closely tied to basin-wide management efforts and long-term groundwater conditions.

Based on historical operations, the City’s groundwater system has demonstrated a high degree of reliability, including during recent drought periods. The City’s multiple well sources provide operational flexibility and redundancy, allowing for distribution of pumping and continued service under a range of conditions.

For purposes of the DRA, conservative assumptions are applied to account for potential reductions in groundwater availability during extended drought conditions. These assumptions reflect reduced basin recharge, declining groundwater levels, and potential operational constraints, and are intended to evaluate system vulnerability and ensure that appropriate response actions, including implementation of the City’s WSCP, are identified.

7.3.3. Supply and Demand Comparison
Projected water supplies and demands during the five-year drought period were compared to evaluate the City’s ability to maintain reliable water service during extended dry conditions. As shown in Table 7- 6, projected unconstrained water demands are anticipated to exceed available groundwater supplies throughout the five-year drought period. Under drought conditions, total projected water use is estimated to increase from approximately 2,470 MG in 2026 to 2,626 MG in 2030, while available supplies are projected to decline from approximately 1,941 MG in 2026 to 1,764 MG in 2030. This results in projected annual supply shortfalls ranging from approximately 529 MG in 2026 to 862 MG in 2030 prior to implementation of WSCP actions.

To address these projected shortfalls, the City would implement staged demand reduction measures in accordance with its WSCP. As reflected in Table 7-6, the City’s drought response strategy relies primarily on water use reductions achieved through conservation measures, mandatory restrictions, operational controls, public outreach, and other demand management actions. The projected water savings associated with WSCP implementation are estimated to offset the full projected shortfall during each year of the five-year drought period, resulting in a revised supply and demand balance of zero MG annually.

The City currently does not identify any additional supply augmentation benefits during the five-year drought period and will continue to rely primarily on groundwater produced from municipal wells within the Merced Subbasin. Although the projected drought scenario indicates increasing stress on the City’s groundwater supplies over time, implementation of the WSCP provides the management framework necessary to maintain water service reliability during prolonged dry conditions. The City will continue to monitor groundwater conditions, regional SGMA implementation efforts, well production capacity, and customer demands to evaluate future water supply reliability and determine whether additional supply diversification or infrastructure improvements may be necessary.

7.3.4. Consideration of Climate Change and Other Factors Consistent with CWC Section 10635(b)(4), the DRA considers factors that may influence future water supply reliability, including:
• Historical drought hydrology, as represented by the driest five-year sequence of 2012–2016. 161 of 912
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Section 7 – Water Supply Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment 67 • Potential impacts of climate change, including increased variability in precipitation patterns, more frequent and prolonged drought periods, higher temperatures, changes in runoff timing, and reduced natural groundwater recharge.
• Regulatory considerations affecting groundwater availability, particularly implementation of SGMA and associated GSPs, which establish requirements to achieve long-term basin sustainability.
• Local operational conditions, including well capacity, system redundancy, groundwater level fluctuations, aging infrastructure, energy costs associated with groundwater pumping, and the City’s ability to manage production among multiple wells throughout the distribution system.

While climate change introduces uncertainty in future hydrologic conditions, the City’s reliance on groundwater provides a relatively resilient supply during short-term drought conditions. However, longterm groundwater availability will depend on successful implementation of basin-wide management strategies under SGMA. The Merced Subbasin GSPs provide a framework to stabilize groundwater levels and achieve sustainable conditions by 2040, supporting long-term supply reliability.

7.3.5. Summary of Findings
The results of the DRA indicate that, under a five-consecutive year drought scenario, the City of Livingston would experience projected water supply shortfalls throughout the drought period if no management actions were implemented. As shown in Table 7-6, projected annual shortfalls increase from approximately 88 MG in 2028 to 277 MG by 2030 under unconstrained demand conditions.

However, with implementation of the staged conservation and demand reduction measures identified in the City’s WSCP, the projected supply deficits can be fully offset throughout the five-year drought period.

The City’s drought response strategy relies primarily on demand management measures, including mandatory conservation requirements, operational controls, public outreach, and other water use reduction actions designed to reduce customer demand during prolonged drought conditions.

This analysis demonstrates that, although the City’s groundwater supplies may experience increased stress during extended drought conditions due to reduced groundwater recharge, declining groundwater levels, and increasing pumping demands, the City has established the planning framework and management tools necessary to maintain reliable water service during drought conditions. Continued implementation of water conservation measures, monitoring of groundwater conditions, coordination with regional SGMA efforts, and evaluation of future supply diversification opportunities will remain important to supporting the long-term reliability and sustainability of the City’s water supply system. 162 of 912
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Section 8 – Water Shortage Contingency Plan
68 CHAPTER 8 - WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN
CWC Section 10632.3
It is the intent of the Legislature that, upon proclamation by the Governor of a state of emergency under the California Emergency Services Act (Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 8550) of Division 1 of Title 2 of the Government Code) based on drought conditions, the board defer to implementation of locally adopted water shortage contingency plans to the extent practicable.

This chapter presents the City’s WSCP, prepared in accordance with CWC Section 10632.3 and consistent with guidance provided in the 2025 UWMP Guidebook. The WSCP establishes a comprehensive and actionable framework for responding to water supply shortages and interruptions, including both extended drought conditions and sudden catastrophic supply events.

The WSCP builds upon and updates the plan originally adopted as part of the City’s 2020 UWMP, incorporating updated supply and demand information. The WSCP is intended to function as a standalone planning and operational document that guides the City’s response to water shortages and supports ongoing drought preparedness and resiliency.

This chapter is closely integrated with the water supply reliability assessment and DRA presented in Chapter 7. The results of those analyses provide the technical basis for defining water shortage levels, evaluating supply reliability under varying hydrologic conditions, and identifying appropriate response actions to address potential supply-demand imbalances.

Consistent with State requirements, the WSCP establishes six standard water shortage levels corresponding to progressive reductions in available water supply and defines locally appropriate shortage response actions for each level. The plan also includes procedures for conducting annual water supply and demand assessments, as required under CWC Section 10632.1, which support ongoing evaluation of water supply conditions and inform the need for potential WSCP activation or adjustment.

The primary objective of the WSCP is to ensure that City can effectively manage water supply shortages while protecting public health and safety, minimizing economic impacts, and preserving environmental and community resources. The WSCP also establishes communication protocols, monitoring and reporting procedures, enforcement mechanisms, and a process for periodic refinement to ensure the plan remains effective under changing conditions.

This WSCP will serve as the City’s primary framework for responding to water shortages and will be implemented during locally declared water shortage conditions, regional or county emergency declarations, or statewide drought emergencies, consistent with applicable laws and regulations. As noted in the CWC, it is the intent of the Legislature that, during a declared drought emergency, locally adopted water shortage contingency plans such as this WSCP be implemented to the extent practicable.

The elements of the WSCP presented in this chapter are organized to address all requirements of CWC Section 10632, including water supply reliability analysis, annual assessment procedures, shortage levels, response actions, communication protocols, compliance and enforcement, legal authorities, financial considerations, monitoring and reporting, and plan refinement. 163 of 912
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69 8.1. Water Supply Reliability Analysis
CWC Section 10632(a)(1)
The analysis of water supply reliability conducted pursuant to Section 10635.

CWC Section 10632.5.(a)
In addition to the requirements of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 10632, beginning January 1, 2020, the plan shall include a seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan to assess the vulnerability of each of the various facilities of a water system and mitigate those vulnerabilities.

The City of Livingston relies exclusively on groundwater supplies from the Merced Subbasin to meet potable water demands within the service area. As discussed in Chapter 7, the reliability of the City’s water supply is directly influenced by groundwater availability, groundwater quality, climatic conditions, operational reliability of municipal wells, regulatory requirements, and long-term groundwater sustainability within the Merced Subbasin. The Merced Subbasin has been designated by DWR as a critically over drafted groundwater basin and is currently being managed pursuant to SGMA through coordinated GSPs prepared by GSAs within the basin.

Potential water shortage conditions affecting the City may result from a variety of factors, including:
• Extended drought conditions reducing natural groundwater recharge. • Declining groundwater elevations and reduced well yields. • Groundwater quality degradation or contamination.
• Regulatory pumping limitations associated with SGMA implementation. • Electrical power outages.
• Mechanical failure of wells, pumps, storage facilities, or distribution infrastructure. • Seismic events or catastrophic emergencies.
• Increased water demands during prolonged hot and dry conditions.

The City has established policies and procedures to manage water supplies during normal, drought, and emergency conditions through its WSCP, which was originally developed during the 2020 UWMP reporting cycle and has been updated as part of the 2025 UWMP. Consistent with State requirements, the WSCP establishes six standard water shortage levels corresponding to increasing degrees of supply deficiency relative to normal conditions. Each shortage level includes specific demand reduction measures, water use restrictions, operational actions, communication protocols, and enforcement procedures intended to maintain water system reliability and protect public health and safety. Implementation of shortage response actions is cumulative, such that higher shortage levels incorporate the response measures of preceding levels as appropriate.

The City’s water supply reliability assessment and DRA presented in Chapter 7 indicate that the City is expected to maintain adequate groundwater supplies throughout the planning horizon under normal, single dry-year, and multiple dry-year conditions, provided that groundwater sustainability efforts within the Merced Subbasin continue to progress in accordance with adopted GSPs and that the City continues implementing water conservation, demand management, and system maintenance practices. 164 of 912
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70 Although long-term supply reliability is anticipated to be maintained, temporary supply constraints or operational disruptions may still occur due to drought, infrastructure failure, groundwater quality impacts, power outages, or emergency events. Accordingly, the WSCP provides a structured and adaptive framework for responding to water shortage conditions through staged conservation measures, operational adjustments, and emergency response actions.

Based on the DRA presented in Section 7.3, the City will continue evaluating water supply and demand conditions annually, including the potential need for implementation of Stages 1 through 4 response actions during extended drought conditions. Implementation of higher WSCP stages, if necessary, will be determined through ongoing monitoring of hydrologic, operational, regulatory, and groundwater conditions to ensure continued system reliability and protection of public health and safety.

Consistent with CWC Section 10632.5(a), the City has also evaluated potential seismic risks to the water system. Seismic events have the potential to damage groundwater wells, pumps, pipelines, storage facilities, electrical systems, and other critical water infrastructure, potentially resulting in temporary service interruptions or reduced system capacity. To improve operational resiliency and minimize impacts during emergency events, the City continues to implement routine infrastructure maintenance, system monitoring, emergency response procedures, and operational redundancy measures where feasible.

8.2. Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment Procedures CWC Section 10632(a)(2)
The procedures used in conducting an annual water supply and demand assessment that include, at a minimum, both of the following:
(A) The written decision-making process that an urban water supplier will use each year to determine its water supply reliability.
(B) The key data inputs and assessment methodology used to evaluate the urban water supplier’s water supply reliability for the current year and one dry year, including all of the following:
(i) Current year unconstrained demand, considering weather, growth, and other influencing factors, such as policies to manage current supplies to meet demand objectives in future years, as applicable. (ii) Current year available supply, considering hydrological and regulatory conditions in the current year and one dry year. The annual supply and demand assessment may consider more than one dry year solely at the discretion of the urban water supplier. (iii) Existing infrastructure capabilities and plausible constraints. (iv) A defined set of locally applicable evaluation criteria that are consistently relied upon for each annual water supply and demand assessment.
(v) A description and quantification of each source of water supply.

CWC Section 10632.1.

An urban water supplier shall conduct an annual water supply and demand assessment pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10632 and, on or before July 1 of each year, submit an annual water shortage assessment report to the department with information for anticipated shortage, triggered shortage response actions, compliance and enforcement actions, and communication actions consistent with the 165 of 912
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71 supplier’s water shortage contingency plan. An urban water supplier that relies on imported water from the State Water Project or the Bureau of Reclamation shall submit its annual water supply and demand assessment within 14 days of receiving its final allocations, or by July 1 of each year, whichever is later.

The City conducts an AWSDA each fiscal year to evaluate current and anticipated water supply reliability conditions and determine whether implementation of water shortage response actions under the WSCP is necessary. The AWSDA is prepared in accordance with CWC Sections 10632(a)(2) and 10632.1 and serves as the basis for determining the appropriate water shortage response level for the City’s water system.

Since the City relies exclusively on groundwater supplies from the Merced Subbasin, the AWSDA places particular emphasis on evaluating groundwater supply reliability, municipal well production capacity, groundwater quality conditions, and the operational reliability of the City’s groundwater extraction, treatment, storage, and distribution infrastructure. The AWSDA is intended to provide a proactive and locally focused evaluation of short-term water supply conditions and operational risks that could affect the City’s ability to meet projected customer demands.

The AWSDA includes a structured decision-making process supported by defined data inputs, evaluation criteria, and assessment methodologies that are applied consistently from year to year. The assessment compares projected unconstrained customer demands to anticipated available groundwater supplies under both current year and one dry year conditions to identify potential supply shortages.

Key data inputs and evaluation criteria considered as part of the AWSDA may include:
• Current year unconstrained demand (considering weather, growth, and other influencing factors, such as policies to manage current supplies to meet demand objectives in future years, as applicable).
• Current year available supply (considering hydrological and regulatory conditions in the current year and one dry year).
• Existing infrastructure capabilities and plausible constraints. • A defined set of locally applicable evaluation criteria that are consistently relied upon for each annual water supply and demand assessment.
• A description and quantification of each source of water supply.

Since FY 2022-23, the City has prepared and submitted an AWSDA report to DWR by July 1st of each year in accordance with State requirements. The annual report includes information regarding anticipated shortage conditions, shortage response actions, compliance and enforcement measures, and communication actions implemented pursuant to the WSCP.

The Public Works Director, Water Manager and utility operations staff evaluate the results of the AWSDA and determine whether implementation, continuation, modification, or termination of a WSCP shortage stage is warranted. If anticipated supply conditions indicate a potential shortage, the City may implement the appropriate shortage response actions identified in this WSCP, including conservation measures, operational adjustments, public outreach efforts, and enforcement actions necessary to maintain system reliability and protect public health and safety.
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72 Although the City’s groundwater supplies are currently projected to remain sufficient to meet demands under most anticipated conditions, the AWSDA serves as an important planning and operational tool for identifying emerging supply constraints, drought-related risks, groundwater sustainability considerations, and infrastructure limitations before significant shortages occur. The AWSDA also supports timely implementation of appropriate response actions and continued coordination with regional groundwater sustainability efforts within the Merced Subbasin.

8.2.1. Decision Making Process
The City conducts its AWSDA through a coordinated internal review process. The assessment team consists of the Public Works Director, Water Manager utility operations staff, and the City Engineer , as appropriate. This team is responsible for evaluating water supply and demand conditions, reviewing groundwater and operational data, preparing the AWSDA report, and recommending whether implementation, continuation, modification, or termination of a WSCP stage is warranted.

Because the City relies exclusively on groundwater supplies from the Merced Subbasin, the decisionmaking process places particular emphasis on groundwater supply reliability, municipal well production capacity, groundwater elevations, groundwater quality conditions, and operational reliability of the City’s groundwater extraction and distribution infrastructure.

The decision-making process includes the following steps:
• Compilation and review of current year water production, customer demand, and operational data.
• Evaluation of hydrologic conditions, groundwater elevations, groundwater quality conditions, and regional groundwater sustainability information.
• Review of municipal well production capacity, infrastructure condition, and operational constraints.
• Comparison of anticipated available groundwater supplies to projected unconstrained customer demands.
• Evaluation of current and anticipated drought, climatic, regulatory, and operational conditions that may affect water supply reliability.
• Determination of anticipated supply shortages, expressed as a percentage reduction from normal supply conditions.
• Identification of the appropriate WSCP shortage level and corresponding response actions necessary to maintain system reliability and protect public health and safety.

Although WSCP shortage levels are generally implemented progressively as supply conditions worsen, the City retains the authority to advance directly to a higher shortage level if warranted by rapidly changing conditions, including severe drought, groundwater contamination, infrastructure failure, power outages, seismic events, or other emergency or catastrophic supply interruptions.

If warranted, the results of the AWSDA and recommended shortage response actions may be presented to the City Council for consideration and implementation of the appropriate WSCP shortage level. 167 of 912
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73 8.2.2. Data and Methodologies
The AWSDA relies on a combination of quantitative data and qualitative evaluation to assess water supply reliability. Key data inputs and evaluation criteria include:
• Current year unconstrained demand, customer usage patterns, seasonal demand trends, and projected growth.
• Current and projected groundwater production from municipal wells. • Groundwater elevations and groundwater quality conditions within the Merced Subbasin. • Municipal well production capacity and operational status. • Existing infrastructure capabilities and operational constraints, including maintenance activities, equipment failures, or emergency outages.
• Water system storage capacity and distribution system performance. • Historical and current water production and consumption data. • Metered customer water uses by customer classification. • Climatic and hydrologic conditions, including precipitation, temperature, and drought conditions. • SGMA implementation conditions and regional groundwater sustainability information. • Other operational, regulatory, or emergency conditions that may affect water supply reliability.

The City begins compiling and evaluating relevant data during the second quarter of each calendar year.

The assessment focuses on evaluating current and anticipated water supply limitations, reliability conditions for the upcoming fiscal year and identifying any potential supply limitations, groundwater sustainability concerns, or operational constraints that could affect the City’s ability to meet projected customer demands.

Water supply reliability is evaluated by comparing available groundwater supplies to projected unconstrained customer demand under both current year and one dry-year conditions. If a supplydemand imbalance or operational reliability concern is identified, the magnitude of the anticipated shortage is used to determine the appropriate WSCP shortage level and corresponding response actions.

In addition to routine operational evaluation, the City may consider other locally relevant factors when assessing water supply reliability and determining appropriate response actions, including regulatory developments, regional groundwater conditions, emergency events, water quality concerns, infrastructure reliability issues, or regional drought response advisories.

8.3. Six Standard Water Shortage Stages
CWC Section 10632(a)(3)
(A) Six standard water shortage levels corresponding to progressive ranges of up to 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 percent shortages and greater than 50 percent shortage. Urban water suppliers shall define these shortage levels based on the suppliers’ water supply conditions, including percentage reductions in water supply, changes in groundwater levels, changes in surface elevation or level of subsidence, or other changes in hydrological or other local conditions indicative of the water supply available for use.

Shortage levels shall also apply to catastrophic interruption of water supplies, including, but not limited to, a regional power outage, an earthquake, and other potential emergency events. 168 of 912
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74 (B) An urban water supplier with an existing water shortage contingency plan that uses different water shortage levels may comply with the requirement in subparagraph (A) by developing and including a cross-reference relating its existing categories to the six standard water shortage levels.

In accordance with CWC Section 10632(a)(3) and the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, the City’s WSCP includes six standard water shortage evels. These levels correspond to progressive ranges of water supply shortage, defined as up to 10 percent, 20 percent, 30 percent, 40 percent, 50 percent, and greater than 50 percent reduction in available water supply relative to normal supply conditions.

These standardized shortage levels are intended to provide a consistent framework for evaluating and communicating water supply conditions at the local, regional, and statewide level. The City defines its shortage levels based on the relationship between available groundwater supply and projected unconstrained demand, as determined by the AWSDA described in Section 8.2.

Each shortage level represents an increasing degree of supply deficiency and corresponds to specific response actions, including demand reduction measures, operational adjustments, and, where necessary, emergency response actions. These shortage levels may be triggered by a range of conditions, including hydrologic variability, regulatory constraints, operational limitations, or catastrophic supply interruptions such as power outages, earthquakes, or other emergency events.

Since adoption of the City’s 2020 UWMP, the WSCP has been fully aligned with the six standard water shortage levels and no longer relies on a separate or alternative staging system. Each WSCP stage directly corresponds to the required shortage ranges and is designed to maintain system reliability while protecting public health and safety. Implementation of each stage is cumulative, such that higher stages incorporate all requirements of preceding stages.

As shown in Table 8-1, the City’s WSCP stages correspond directly to the State-mandated shortage levels and associated percentage ranges; therefore, no cross-reference to an alternative staging system is required for the 2025 UWMP.

Table 8-1 Cross-reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels (Submittal Table 8-1)
☒
Check the box if the Supplier uses the
Standard six levels of water shortage.

Standard
Shortage Levels
Percent
Shortage Range
Shortage
Levels
Percent Shortage
Range
1 Up to 10% 1 Up to 10%
2 Up to 20% 2 Up to 20%
3 Up to 30% 3 Up to 30%
4 Up to 40% 4 Up to 40%
5 Up to 50% 5 Up to 50%
6 >50% 6 >50%
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75 8.4. Shortage Response Actions
CWC Section 10632 (a)(4)
Shortage response actions that align with the defined shortage levels and include, at a minimum, all of the following:
(A) Locally appropriate supply augmentation actions.
(B) Locally appropriate demand reduction actions to adequately respond to shortages. (C) Locally appropriate operational changes.
(D) Additional, mandatory prohibitions against specific water use practices that are in addition to statemandated prohibitions and appropriate to the local conditions. (E) For each action, an estimate of the extent to which the gap between supplies and demand will be reduced by implementation of the action
CWC Section 10632.2
An urban water supplier shall follow, where feasible and appropriate, the prescribed procedures and implement determined shortage response actions in its water shortage contingency plan, as identified in subdivision (a) of Section 10632, or reasonable alternative actions, provided that descriptions of the alternative actions are submitted with the annual water shortage assessment report pursuant to Section 10632.1. Nothing in this section prohibits an urban water supplier from taking actions not specified in its water shortage contingency plan, if needed, without having to formally amend its urban water management plan or water shortage contingency plan.

In accordance with CWC Section 10632(a)(4), this section describes the response action that the City may implement for each defined water shortage level. These actions are designed to reduce the gap between available water supplies and projected unconstrained demand while minimizing social, economic, and environmental impacts to the community.

Because the City relies exclusively on groundwater supplies from the Merced Subbasin, the City’s shortage response actions focus primarily on reducing groundwater demands, maintaining municipal well reliability, protecting groundwater resources, and preserving operational flexibility during drought and emergency conditions. The City’s WSCP includes a range of locally appropriate response actions consisting of demand reduction measures, operational changes, supply reliability measures, public outreach efforts, and mandatory prohibitions on specific water use practices. Each action is intended to contribute to achieving the required level of demand reduction associated with each shortage stage and maintaining system reliability and protection of public health and safety.

Response actions are implemented in a staged and cumulative manner, such that higher shortage levels incorporate all actions from preceding levels. The specific actions implemented during a shortage event will depend on the nature, severity, and duration of the supply constraint. In determining appropriate response actions, the City will evaluate the cause of the shortage, system conditions, regulatory requirements, and other locally relevant factors.
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76 Consistent with CWC Section 10632.2, the City may implement alternative or additional actions not specifically identified in this WSCP, as necessary to effectively respond to water shortage conditions. Any such actions will be documented and reported as part of the AWSDA report submitted to DWR.

Table 8-2 summarizes the six standard water shortage levels and corresponding severity classifications utilized by the City. The shortage levels are based on the estimated reduction in available water supplies relative to normal supply conditions and may also be triggered by operational disruptions, groundwater quality concerns, infrastructure failures, or emergency conditions that affect the City’s ability to reliably meet customer demands.

Table 8-2 Water Shortage Contingency Plan Levels
Shortage
Level
Percent
Shortage
Range
Severity Shortage Response Actions
1 Up to 10% Potential
Shortage
Up to a 10% reduction in the City’s water supply or
operational reliability due to drought, groundwater
conditions, infrastructure limitations, or other operational factors.
2 Up to 20% Minor
Shortage
Between 10% and 20% available groundwater supply or
operational reliability due to prolonged dry conditions, declining groundwater conditions, or operational
constraints.
3 Up to 30% Moderate
Shortage
Between 20% and 30% reduction in available groundwater
supply or operational reliability due to moderate drought, reduced well production, groundwater quality impacts, or infrastructure limitations.
4 Up to 40% Severe
Shortage
Between 30% and 40% reduction in available groundwater
supply or operational reliability due to severe drought, significant infrastructure constraints, or emergency
conditions.
5 Up to 50% Critical
Shortage
Between 40% and 50% reduction in available groundwater
supply or operational reliability due to critical
groundwater conditions, infrastructure failures, or
prolonged emergency conditions.
6 > 50%
Extreme
Emergency
Shortage
More than 50% reduction in available groundwater supply or catastrophic interruption of water system operations caused by severe emergency conditions, including major
infrastructure failures, groundwater contamination,
seismic events, or widespread power outages.

Table 8-3 identifies the target demand reduction associated with each shortage level, which reflects the estimated reduction needed to address the supply-demand imbalance. The specific response actions associated with each shortage level, including demand reduction, supply augmentation, operational changes, and prohibitions, are presented in Table 8-6.
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77 Table 8-3 Water Usage Reduction by Stage
Shortage
Level
Mandatory or
Voluntary Percent
Demand Reduction
Severity
1 5% Potential Shortage
2 10% Minor Shortage
3 20% Moderate Shortage
4 30% Severe Shortage
5 50% Critical Shortage
6 60% Extreme Emergency Shortage

8.4.1. Supply Augmentation
The City’s 2020 UWMP indicated that groundwater supplies from the Merced Subbasin were expected to remain sufficient to meet projected customer demands under most anticipated conditions. This condition generally remains unchanged for this 2025 UWMP. However, consistent with CWC requirements and the 2025 UWMP Guidebook, the City has identified feasible supply augmentation measures and operational actions that may be implemented to reduce the impacts of drought, operational disruptions, or emergency water shortage conditions.

Because the City relies exclusively on groundwater supplies from the Merced Subbasin, opportunities for traditional supply augmentation are more limited than for agencies with multiple imported or surface water supplies. As a result, the City’s supply augmentation strategy focuses primarily on maximizing operational flexibility within the existing groundwater system, maintaining well reliability, utilizing existing storage capacity, and coordinating regional groundwater sustainability efforts to preserve long-term groundwater supply reliability.

During shortage conditions, the City may implement a variety of operational and supply reliability measures intended to reduce the supply-demand gap and maintain system reliability. These measures may include maximizing production from active groundwater wells, increasing operational flexibility among wells and storage facilities, strategically utilizing available storage capacity, optimizing pumping schedules, and reducing operational losses through system maintenance and leak detection activities. The City may also rehabilitate or reactivate inactive wells where feasible, expedite repair or replacement of failed pumping equipment, and utilize backup power generation equipment during emergency power outages or other operational disruptions.

In addition, the City will continue coordinating with other regional GSA’s regarding groundwater recharge, basin management activities, and long-term groundwater sustainability planning efforts within the Merced Subbasin. During severe drought or emergency conditions, the City may also evaluate opportunities for supplemental regional water supply coordination or future groundwater recharge partnerships if such opportunities become available and can be feasibly integrated into the City’s water system.

Unlike agencies with imported surface water supplies, the City does not currently maintain dedicated emergency imported water supplies or formal water exchange agreements capable of significantly augmenting potable supplies during shortage conditions. Consequently, the City’s ability to offset 172 of 912
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78 shortages through supply augmentation actions alone is limited, and the City will rely primarily on demand reduction measures, operational adjustments, and water conservation actions to address anticipated supply-demand imbalances during shortage conditions.

Table 8-4 summarizes the supply augmentation and operational actions that may be implemented at each of the six standard water shortage levels, along with the estimated reduction in the shortage gap associated with each action. The values presented represent planning-level estimates of the relative contribution each action may provide toward reducing supply shortages or improving operational reliability. Actual effectiveness will vary depending on drought severity, groundwater conditions, infrastructure reliability, and operational circumstances at the time of implementation.

Accordingly, the City will rely primarily on demand reduction measures, as described in Section 8.4.2, to achieve the required level of shortage response.

Table 8-4 Supply Augmentation and Other Actions (Submittal Table 8-2) Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Supply Augmentation
Methods and Other
Actions by Water
Supplier
How much is this going to reduce
the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction
Value (%)
1 Stored Emergency
Supply Percentage 5–10% Strategic use of existing storage and system balancing 1 System Operational
Adjustments Percentage 1–5% Operational optimization of groundwater wells and pumping schedules 2 Stored Emergency
Supply Percentage 5–10% Increased reliance on storage and operational flexibility 2 Groundwater Well
Optimization Percentage 5–10% Maximizing production from available municipal wells 3 Groundwater Well
Rehabilitation Percentage 5–10% Rehabilitation or restoration of existing well capacity where feasible 3 Stored Emergency
Supply Percentage 5–10% Continued strategic storage utilization 3 Operational
Adjustments Percentage 5–10% Pressure management and operational balancing 4 Groundwater Well
Optimization Percentage 10–15% Maximum practical utilization of available well capacity 4 Other Purchases or
Regional Coordination Percentage 1–5%
Evaluation of supplemental supplies or
regional coordination opportunities, if
available
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79 Table 8-4 Supply Augmentation and Other Actions (Submittal Table 8-2) Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Supply Augmentation
Methods and Other
Actions by Water
Supplier
How much is this going to reduce
the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction
Value (%)
4 Stored Emergency
Supply Percentage 5–10% Maximum use of available storage capacity 5 Emergency
Operational Measures Percentage 10–15% Emergency operational adjustments and infrastructure prioritization 5 Groundwater System
Optimization Percentage 10–15% Maximum practical use of groundwater production and storage 6 Emergency Response
Actions Percentage 15–20%
Emergency response measures necessary
to maintain minimum health and safety
supplies
6 Other Actions Percentage 5–10% Emergency operational adjustments and response

8.4.2. Demand Reductions
The following section describes the demand reduction measures associated with each WSCP shortage level. These measures are based on the conservation provisions contained in the City’s adopted Water Shortage Contingency Plan and have been updated to align with the requirements of CWC Section 10632(a)(4) and the 2025 UWMP Guidebook.

The City’s demand reduction strategy is intended to reduce customer water use during shortage conditions while maintaining essential public health and safety needs and minimizing economic and social impacts to the community. Because the City relies exclusively on groundwater supplies from the Merced Subbasin, demand reduction measures are a critical component of maintaining groundwater supply reliability during drought conditions, operational disruptions, or emergency water shortage events.

Demand reduction actions are implemented in a progressive and cumulative manner such that each successive shortage level incorporates the response actions and restrictions associated with preceding levels. As shortage conditions intensify, the City transitions from voluntary conservation measures and public outreach efforts to increasingly stringent mandatory restrictions on non-essential water uses, particularly outdoor irrigation and discretionary uses of potable water. Water meter data, customer usage trends, groundwater conditions, and operational system performance will be monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented shortage response actions and determine whether additional measures are necessary.

State 1 – Potential Shortage
Stage 1 consists of mandatory water conservation measures that will be implemented during potential water supply shortage conditions. This stage emphasizes public outreach, customer awareness, and 174 of 912
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80 enforcement of the City’s permanent water use ordinances to encourage efficient water use practices on a year-round basis. Stage 1 corresponds to a water supply shortage of up to 10 percent and is intended to achieve a minimum demand reduction of 5 percent. During this stage, the City will implement the following conservation measures:
• Customers shall be prohibited from wasting City water. Water waste resulting from inappropriate use, system leaks or other wasteful practices shall be corrected within forty-eight (48) hours following notification by the City. Prohibited water waste includes excessive water flow or runoff onto streets, sidewalks, gutters, ditches, or other paved surfaces resulting from the irrigation or watering of landscaping or vegetation.
• Outdoor irrigation of ornamental landscapes and turf with potable water shall be prohibited between the hours of 11:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., except for drip irrigation systems designed to minimize evaporation and runoff.
• Outdoor irrigation shall not be permitted within forty-eight (48) hours following a measurable storm event.
• Washing of vehicles, building exteriors, sidewalks, driveways, parking areas, tennis courts, patios, or other paved surfaces without the use of a hose equipped with a positive shut-off nozzle, or in a manner that results in excessive runoff, shall be prohibited. • The use of "slip-n-slides" or other recreational water activities requiring a continuous flow of potable water shall be prohibited.

State 2 – Minor Shortage
During Stage 2 water shortage conditions, the City is experiencing an estimated water supply shortage between 10 and 20 percent and implementation of additional mandatory conservation measures is necessary to achieve a minimum 10 percent reduction in water demand. During this stage, a water alert shall be declared, the water shortage conditions shall be communicated to the public, and customers shall be required to reduce water usage in order to preserve available supplies and maintain essential water service. In addition to the Stage 1 conservation measures, the City shall implement the following actions during Stage 2:
• Outdoor irrigation of ornamental landscapes or turf with potable water shall be limited to three (3) days per week in accordance with the following schedule based on street address numbering:
o Even-numbered addresses may irrigate only on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. o Odd-numbered addresses may irrigate only on Wednesdays, Fridays, and Sundays. o No outdoor irrigation shall occur on Mondays.
• Large commercial landscapes and City parks shall operate under watering schedules approved by the Public Works Department.
• Car washing shall be prohibited on Mondays, except at commercial car wash facilities equipped with recirculating water systems. All non-commercial vehicle washing shall be conducted using a bucket or a hand-held hose equipped with a positive self-closing shut-off nozzle.

State 3 – Moderate Shortage
During Stage 3, the City is experiencing a water supply shortage of between 20 and 30 percent. The City will continue and expand its public information and water conservation outreach efforts. Consumers shall 175 of 912
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81 be required to achieve a mandatory water use reduction of 20 percent or greater. All requirements identified under Stages 1 and 2 shall remain in effect. In addition, the following measures shall be implemented:
• Outdoor irrigation of ornamental landscapes or turf with potable water shall be limited to two (2) days per week in accordance with the following schedule based on street address numbering:
o Even-numbered addresses may irrigate only on Tuesdays and Saturdays. o Odd-numbered addresses may irrigate only on Wednesdays and Sundays. o No outdoor irrigation shall occur on Mondays, Thursdays, or Fridays. • Large commercial landscapes and City parks shall also be limited to irrigation two (2) days per week in accordance with schedules approved by the Public Works Department. • Car washing shall be prohibited on Mondays, Thursdays, and Fridays, except at commercial car wash facilities equipped with recirculating water systems. All non-commercial vehicle washing shall be conducted using a bucket or a hand-held hose equipped with a positive self-closing shutoff nozzle. • The application of potable water to driveways, sidewalks, and other hardscapes is prohibited, except where necessary to address an immediate health or safety need or to comply with a permit condition issued by a state or federal agency.
• Restaurants shall serve drinking water only upon customer request. • Hotels, motels, and lodging establishments shall provide guests the option to decline daily laundering of towels and linens and shall prominently display notices informing guests of this option in each guestroom.
• The City shall contact its highest water users to encourage implementation of additional water conservation practices and demand reduction measures.

State 4 – Severe Shortage
During Stage 4 of a water supply shortage, the anticipated shortage is between 30 and 40 percent, and a 30 percent or greater reduction in water usage is required for the City to meet the immediate needs of its customers. The City will continue and expand its public information outreach and education programs, and consumers will be required to achieve a mandatory 30 percent or greater reduction water use. All requirements and restrictions identified in Stages 1 through 3 remain in effect. In addition, the following measures shall be implemented:
• Outdoor irrigation of ornamental landscapes or turf with potable water shall be limited to one (1) day per week in accordance with the following schedule for addresses ending in:
o Outdoor irrigation for even numbered addresses shall be permitted only on Saturday. o Outdoor irrigation for odd numbered addresses shall be permitted only on Sunday. o No outdoor irrigation shall occur on Monday through Friday. • Large commercial landscaping and City parks shall be limited to one (1) day of irrigation per week, as scheduled by the Public Works Department.
• Filling newly constructed or drained swimming pools with City water shall be prohibited. • Use of construction water from City fire hydrants shall be prohibited; however, treated effluent water from the WWTP may be made available for construction purposes, subject to City approval. 176 of 912
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82 • Operation of decorative fountains and reflection ponds shall be discontinued until further notice, unless required to support aquatic life.
• Washing of automobiles, trucks, trailers, boats, airplanes and other mobile equipment shall be prohibited, except at commercial car washes and commercial service stations utilizing recirculating water systems, or where necessary to protect public health, safety, and welfare. • Water main flushing shall be limited to situations involving sand, odor, or taste complaint events or other public health and safety concerns.

State 5 – Critical Shortage
During Stage 5 of a water supply shortage, the anticipated shortage is between 40 to 50 percent, and a 50 percent or greater reduction in water usage is required for the City to meet the immediate needs of its customers. The City will continue and intensify its public information outreach and education programs, and consumers will be required to achieve a mandatory 50 percent or greater reduction in water use. All requirements and restrictions identified in Stages 1 through 4 shall remain in effect. In addition, the following measures shall be implemented:
• Appropriate media shall be immediately notified, and local roadway signage shall be posted to inform the public of current water use restrictions.
• All outdoor irrigation of ornamental landscapes or turf with potable water shall be prohibited.

This prohibition includes residential landscaping, commercial landscapes, City parks, and landscape median strips.
• Industrial and commercial businesses shall be required to curtail water consumption as necessary to maintain adequate water supplies of water for public health, safety, and welfare purposes.
• The use of potable water for dust control, earth compaction, and other outdoor construction activities shall be prohibited.
• Fire hydrants shall be used only for emergency purposes. • In the event of a total well failure or other catastrophic interruption to the City’s water supply system, emergency water supplies or disaster relief assistance from outside agencies may be required.

State 6 – Extreme Emergency Shortage
During Stage 6 of a water supply shortage, the anticipated shortage exceeds 50 percent, and a 60 percent or greater reduction in water usage is required for the City to meet the immediate needs of its customers.

The City will continue and expand its public information outreach and education programs and require customers to achieve a mandatory 60 percent or greater reduction in water use. All requirements and restrictions identified in Stages 1 through 5 shall remain in effect. In addition, the following measures shall be implemented:
• Commercial kitchens and food service establishments shall be required to utlize pre-rinse spray valves and other water-efficient equipment, where feasible. • Potable water service shall not be provided to new land development projects except under one or more of the following circumstances:
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83 o A valid building permit has been issued for the project; o The project is necessary to protect public health, safety, and welfare; or o The applicant demonstrates that adequate conservation offsets or equivalent water savings will be implemented prior to the provision of new water service. • Additional restrictions and emergency response measures may be implemented by the Public Works Director, as necessary, following notice to customers.

Table 8-5 summarizes the demand reduction actions that may be implemented by the City under each WSCP shortage level, including the estimated reduction in the shortage gap associated with each action.

Table 8-5 Demand Reduction Actions (Submittal Table 8-3) Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or
Reference
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement?
Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction
Value
1 Other - Customers must
repair leaks, breaks, and
malfunctions in a timely
manner
Percentage 10
Water waste through
inappropriate use, leaks or
other wasteful use must be
stopped within forty-eight
(48) hours' notice by the City.

Yes
1 Landscape - Limit
landscape irrigation to
specific times
Percentage 10
All outdoor irrigation or car
washing with potable water is
prohibited between the hours
of 11am to 8pm, except for
drip irrigation.

Yes
1 Landscape - Other
landscape restriction or
prohibition
Percentage 10
No outdoor irrigation is
permitted within forty-eight
(48) hours of a storm event.

Yes
1 Other - Require
automatic shut of hoses Percentage 10
Washing of vehicles, building
exteriors, sidewalks,
driveways, parking areas,
tennis courts, patios, or other
paved areas without the use
of a positive shut-off nozzle
on the hose which results in
excessive runoff is prohibited.

Yes
1 Other Percentage 10
The use of "slip-n-slides" and
other recreational activities
requiring a constant flow of
water are prohibited.

Yes
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84 Table 8-5 Demand Reduction Actions (Submittal Table 8-3) Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or
Reference
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement?
Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction
Value
2 Landscape - Limit
landscape irrigation to
specific days
Percentage 20
Outdoor landscape watering
shall be limited to three times
per week on an odd-even
basis.

Yes
2 Landscape - Limit
landscape irrigation to
specific days
Percentage 20
Large commercial landscapes
and City parks shall have
individual watering schedules
approved by the Public Works
Department.

Yes
2 Other - Prohibit vehicle
washing except at
facilities using recycled
or recirculating water
Percentage 20
No car washing is allowed on
Mondays except for
commercial car washes
equipped with a recirculating
system. Car washing (except
commercial car washes) shall
be done by using a hand-held
bucket or a hand-help hose
equipped with a positive selfclosing water shut-off nozzle.

Yes
3 Landscape - Limit
landscape irrigation to
specific days
Percentage 30
Outdoor landscape watering
shall be limited to two times
per week.

Yes
3 Landscape - Limit
landscape irrigation to
specific days
Percentage 30
Large commercial landscapes
and City parks shall also be
limited to two days per week,
as scheduled by the Public
Works Department.

Yes
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85 Table 8-5 Demand Reduction Actions (Submittal Table 8-3) Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or
Reference
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement?
Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction
Value
3 Other - Prohibit vehicle
washing except at
facilities using recycled
or recirculating water
Percentage 30
No car washing is allowed on
Mondays, Thursdays and
Fridays except for commercial
car washes equipped with a
recirculating system. Car
washing (except commercial
car washes) shall be done by
using a hand-held bucket or a
hand-help hose equipped
with a positive self-closing
water shut-off nozzle.

Yes
3 Other - Prohibit use of
potable water for
washing hard surfaces
Percentage 30
Application of potable water
to driveways and sidewalks is
prohibited, except where
necessary to address an
immediate health and safety
need or to comply with a
term or condition in a permit
issued by a state or federal
agency.

Yes
3 CII - Restaurants may
only serve water upon
request
Percentage 30 Restaurants shall serve water
only upon customer request. Yes
3 CII - Lodging
establishment must
offer opt out of linen
service
Percentage 30
Hotels, motels, and lodges
must offer guests the option
of not having towels and
linens laundered daily by
displaying notices
prominently in each
guestroom.

Yes
3 Reduce System Water
Loss Percentage 30
The City will contact its
highest water users to
encourage use of water
conservation methods.

Yes
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86 Table 8-5 Demand Reduction Actions (Submittal Table 8-3) Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or
Reference
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement?
Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction
Value
3 Decrease Line Flushing Percentage 30
The City will evaluate its
water use for main flushing to
see if reductions are possible.

Yes
4 Landscape - Limit
landscape irrigation to
specific days
Percentage 40
Outdoor landscape watering
shall be limited to one day per
week.

Yes
4 Landscape - Limit
landscape irrigation to
specific days
Percentage 40
Large commercial landscaping
and City parks shall be limited
to one day per week, as
scheduled by the Public
Works Department.

Yes
4 Other water feature or
swimming pool
restriction
Percentage 40
Filling newly constructed or
drained swimming pools with
City water shall be prohibited.

Yes
4 Other - Prohibit use of
potable water for
construction and dust
control
Percentage 40 Construction water from City
fire hydrants shall be banned. Yes
4 Water Features -
Restrict water use for
decorative water
features, such as
fountains
Percentage 40
Further use of decorative
fountains or reflection ponds
shall be disconnected until
further notice.

Yes
4 Other - Prohibit vehicle
washing except at
facilities using recycled
or recirculating water
Percentage 40
Washing of automobiles,
trucks, trailers, boats,
airplanes and other types of
mobile equipment not
occurring upon the
immediate premises of
commercial car washes and
commercial service stations
and not in immediate interest
Yes
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87 Table 8-5 Demand Reduction Actions (Submittal Table 8-3) Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction
Actions
How much is this going to
reduce the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or
Reference
Penalty,
Charge, or
Other
Enforcement?
Volume or
Percentage
Shortage Gap
Reduction
Value
of the public health, safety,
and welfare is prohibited.
4 Decrease Line Flushing Percentage 40
Main flushing is only done on
a sand, odor, or taste
complaint basis or due to
contamination and public
health reasons
Yes
5 Expand Public
Information Campaign Percentage 50
Immediately notify
appropriate media outlets,
and post local road signage
notifying the public of the
current water use restrictions.

Yes
5 Landscape - Prohibit all
landscape irrigation Percentage 50 All outdoor landscape watering shall be prohibited. Yes 5 CII - Other CII restriction
or prohibition Percentage 50
Industry and commercial
businesses shall be required
to curtail consumption to
maintain adequate supplies of
water for health and safety.

Yes
5 Other - Prohibit use of
potable water for
construction and dust
control
Percentage 50
Use of water for dust control,
earth compaction, and other
outdoor construction
activities is prohibited.

Yes
5 Other Percentage 50 Fire hydrants shall be used
only for emergency purposes. Yes
6 CII - Commercial
kitchens required to use
pre-rinse spray valves
Percentage 60
Commercial kitchens are
required to use pre-rinse
spray valves.

Yes
6 Moratorium or Net Zero
Demand Increase on
New Connections
Percentage 60
Potable water service will not
be provided to new land
development projects
Yes
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88 8.4.3. Operational Changes
During water shortage conditions, the City’s operations may be modified to support implementation of demand reduction measures and maintain reliable water service. Operational changes will be implemented based on the severity of the shortage level and corresponding reduction targets. The City will optimize available supplies through a combination of operational strategies and demand reduction actions to minimize the impacts of short-term water shortages.

As part of the AWSDA process, the City will evaluate existing operational procedures to identify opportunities for short-term adjustments that improve system efficiency and reduce water use. These operational measures may include, but are not limited to, the following:
• Expand public information and outreach efforts to educate customers on water shortage conditions, required conservation measures, and available resources to reduce water use. • Reduce water main flushing activities to only those necessary for water quality, regulatory compliance, or public health and safety purposes.
• Suspend routine hydrant flushing when Stage 2 or higher shortage conditions are declared, except as required for emergency response or system maintenance. • Review and verify the accuracy of water metering devices to ensure proper accounting of water use and minimize apparent losses.
• Increase water waste patrols, including the reassignment of staff from other departments, as necessary, to enforce conservation measures and identify excessive water use. • Implement or modify drought rate structures, surcharges, or emergency tiered pricing, as applicable, in accordance with Proposition 218 requirements and California law. • Conduct targeted outreach to high water users to promote conservation practices and reduce discretionary water use.
• Monitor construction meters and fire hydrant meters to ensure efficient use of water and address any identified misuse or waste.

8.4.4. Additional Mandatory Restrictions
The City’s WSCP also establishes locally appropriate mandatory restrictions intended to reduce discretionary water use and protect available groundwater water supplies during drought and emergency shortage conditions. These restrictions are implemented in accordance with the WSCP and are intended to supplement statewide water conservation requirements with locally applicable measures tailored to the City’s operational conditions and groundwater supply reliability needs.

Because the City relies exclusively on groundwater supplies, mandatory restrictions focus primarily on reducing non-essential outdoor water use, minimizing water waste, improving overall system efficiency, and preserving available supplies for essential public health and safety purposes. The restrictions are implemented progressively based on the severity of the water shortage condition, with more stringent limitations imposed as drought conditions worsen or operational reliability concerns increase.

Locally implemented mandatory restrictions may include limitations on landscape irrigation frequency, timing, and duration; prohibitions on irrigation practices that result in runoff to streets, gutters, sidewalks, or adjacent properties; and restrictions on outdoor irrigation during peak daytime hours. During more severe shortage conditions, outdoor landscape irrigation may be limited to designated days and hours or 183 of 912
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89 prohibited entirely, except where necessary to preserve public health and safety or prevent the loss of permanent landscaping.

Additional mandatory restrictions may include prohibitions on washing sidewalks, driveways, parking areas, patios, and other hard-surfaced areas using potable water; restrictions on vehicle washing except at approved commercial facilities utilizing recirculating or recycled water systems; limitations on filling or refilling swimming pools, spas, and decorative water features; and restrictions on operation of ornamental fountains or similar water features unless equipped with recirculating systems. The City may also prohibit the use of potable water for dust control, earth compaction, and similar construction-related activities unless no feasible alternative source is available. Additional restrictions may include limitations on excessive water use, increased monitoring of high-water use accounts, restrictions on hydrant use except for emergency purposes, and other operational measures necessary to maintain system reliability during shortage conditions.

These restrictions are enforced through customer notification, public outreach, water waste patrols, and enforcement actions, as authorized by the City’s Municipal Code. Enforcement measures may include warnings, administrative citations, fines, or other enforcement actions consistent with applicable laws and regulations.

The City retains the authority to implement additional mandatory restrictions or emergency response measures, as applicable, to respond to severe drought conditions, catastrophic infrastructure failures, groundwater supply interruptions, or other emergency events to maintain essential water supplies for public health, safety, sanitation, and fire protection purposes.

8.4.5. Emergency Response Plan
CWC Section 10632(c) requires urban water suppliers to develop and maintain an Emergency Response Plan (ERP) that documents the actions to be undertaken to prepare for and respond to a catastrophic interruption of water supplies. A catastrophic interruption may result from natural or human-caused events that significantly disrupt the availability, treatment, or distribution of water. Such events may include, but are not limited to, extreme weather conditions, wildfires, earthquakes, infrastructure failures, or acts of terrorism.

The City of Livingston maintains a separate ERP, last updated in December 2021, which establishes standardized emergency response, communication, recovery, and coordination procedures for the City’s water system. The ERP was developed to comply with applicable federal and state requirements, including the Safe Drinking Water Act, California Government Code Section 8607.2, and related drinking water security and emergency preparedness regulations.

The ERP identifies emergency response protocols and operational procedures for a variety of emergency scenarios, including natural disasters, water supply interruptions, power outages, SCADA or information technology system intrusions, hazardous material incidents, contamination threats, and other infrastructure-related emergencies. The ERP also establishes procedures for incident command, emergency communications, public notification, personnel safety, water quality monitoring, alternative water supplies, emergency water supply calculations, and system recovery actions. 184 of 912
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90 The City’s ERP is integrated with the Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) and Incident Command System (ICS) framework utilized throughout California for multi-agency emergency response coordination. The ERP identifies key emergency response personnel and establishes coordination procedures with local, regional, and state agencies, including the Merced County Office of Emergency Services, SWRCB DDW, local law enforcement, fire protection agencies, and emergency response organizations.

The City considers catastrophic interruptions to be emergency conditions that may require implementation of higher levels of the WSCP, depending on the severity and anticipated duration of the event. Emergency conditions are evaluated as part of the City’s operational response procedures and AWSDA process. During an emergency event, the City may implement demand reduction measures, activate emergency interagency coordination procedures, utilize backup power systems, secure alternative water supplies, and issue public notifications or health advisories, as necessary, to protect public health and maintain essential water service.

The ERP includes detailed emergency action plans, communication protocols, evacuation procedures, emergency notification procedures, and recovery strategies intended to support rapid response and restoration of water service. The ERP also identifies critical system components, emergency equipment and supplies, alternative communication methods, and procedures for coordinating emergency repairs and resource procurement during disaster conditions.

The City intends to periodically review and update the ERP to reflect current regulatory requirements, updated system conditions, operational changes, and evolving emergency preparedness practices. Future updates to the ERP will continue to support coordination with local, regional, and state agencies and maintain consistency with the City’s WSCP, AWSDA procedures, and broader emergency management and resiliency planning efforts.

8.4.6. Seismic Risk Assessment and Mitigation Plan
Section 10632.5.(a)
In addition to the requirements of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 10632, beginning January 1, 2020, the plan shall include a seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan to assess the vulnerability of each of the various facilities of a water system and mitigate those vulnerabilities. (b) An urban water supplier shall update the seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan when updating its urban water management plan as required by Section 10621. (c) An urban water supplier may comply with this section by submitting, pursuant to Section 10644, a copy of the most recent adopted local hazard mitigation plan or multihazard mitigation plan under the federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-390) if the local hazard mitigation plan or multihazard mitigation plan addresses seismic risk.

The CWC Section 10632.5 requires urban water suppliers to assess the vulnerability of water system facilities to seismic hazards and identify measures to mitigate those vulnerabilities. This assessment is required to be updated as part of each UWMP cycle. Compliance with this requirement may be achieved through incorporation of information from an adopted Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) or MultiHazard Mitigation Plan, provided that seismic risks are adequately addressed. 185 of 912
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91 The City of Livingston has evaluated the potential impacts of seismic activity on its water system facilities, including groundwater wells, storage tank, pump stations, pipelines, electrical systems, and supervisory control infrastructure. Although the City is not located within a highly active seismic fault zone, regional seismic activity could still result in ground shaking, infrastructure damage, power outages, and interruptions to water service. Earthquakes of sufficient magnitude could damage pipelines, cause water main breaks, interrupt electrical service, impair groundwater production facilities, or reduce system pressures throughout portions of the distribution system.

The City’s water system incorporates several operational and infrastructure redundancies intended to improve resiliency during emergency events, including seismic emergencies. The City relies on multiple municipal groundwater wells located throughout the service area, which reduces dependence on a single water supply source or facility. This redundancy allows portions of the water system to remain operational if one or more wells or facilities become temporarily unavailable due to earthquake-related damage.

The City also maintains emergency backup power capabilities for critical well and water system facilities with emergency generators. In the event of a regional power outage caused by seismic activity or other emergencies, the emergency generators are intended to maintain operation of critical groundwater wells and support continued delivery of potable water to customers, to the extent practicable.

In addition, the City’s water distribution system contains isolation valves that allow portions of the system to be isolated in the event of water main breaks, pressure losses, or infrastructure damage. These operational controls allow the City to isolate damaged sections of pipeline while maintaining water service to the maximum number of customers possible during emergency conditions.

During a declared emergency, or when emergency conditions appear imminent, the Public Works Department and Utilities Division will implement emergency operational procedures consistent with the City’s WSCP and ERP. The ERP establishes procedures for emergency response coordination, damage assessment, emergency communications, water quality protection, restoration of service, and coordination with local, regional, and state agencies. The ERP also includes specific procedures and action plans related to earthquake response and recovery activities.

Table 8-6 summarizes typical emergency actions that may be implemented by the City during a seismic emergency or catastrophic interruption to the water system. 186 of 912
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92 Table 8-6 Emergency Actions During Seismic or Catastrophic Water Supply Emergencies Situation Steps to be Taken by City
Leak or Service Interruption
(resulting from earthquake,
pipeline failure, or other emergency
event)
Isolate damaged pipelines or facilities and shut down
affected portions of the system, as necessary, to control water loss and protect system integrity.

Repair or isolate damaged facilities to restore service to the maximum population possible. Disinfect repaired
facilities in accordance with applicable AWWA standards and increase disinfectant residuals, as necessary, to
protect water quality until normal service conditions are restored.

Conduct bacteriological sampling and monitoring until
satisfactory water quality results are confirmed.

Low Pressure Conditions (resulting
from earthquake, fire, power
outage, or system failure)
Increase groundwater production and system operations,
where feasible, to maintain system pressure and water
supply reliability.

Increase disinfectant residuals as a precautionary
measure against potential contamination caused by
pressure loss or intrusion.

Implement emergency conservation measures and
operational controls, as necessary.

Power Outage Activate emergency backup generators to maintain operation of critical groundwater wells and water system facilities.

Prioritize operation of essential facilities and implement emergency water use reduction measures, if necessary.

Increase monitoring of water quality and system
pressures during outage conditions.

Water Quality or Contamination
Concern
Implement emergency sampling and monitoring
procedures consistent with the ERP and applicable SWRCB requirements.

Issue public notifications or boil water advisories, if necessary, and coordinate with regulatory agencies
regarding corrective actions and restoration procedures.

8.4.7. Shortage Response Action Effectiveness
The City’s water system is fully metered, with meters installed at all active groundwater production wells and customer service connections. These meters provide the basis for monitoring groundwater production, system demand, and overall water use trends throughout the service area. Water use data is collected and reviewed regularly, with customer consumption totals compiled monthly for billing, operational monitoring, and water supply management purposes. 187 of 912
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93 City staff routinely evaluate water production, groundwater pumping conditions, and customer demand patterns to assess overall system performance and water supply conditions within the Merced Subbasin.

Based on this information, City staff may recommend adjustments to the current water shortage stage and implementation measures, as appropriate, to respond to changing water supply conditions or regulatory requirements associated with drought response and groundwater sustainability.

Under normal operating conditions, the City evaluates water supply and demand conditions on at least a monthly basis, allowing the City to identify seasonal trends, changes in customer demand, and year-toyear variations in groundwater production. This ongoing monitoring provides the foundation for evaluating the effectiveness of implemented shortage response actions and determining whether additional conservation measures may be necessary to achieve targeted demand reductions.

During water shortage conditions, demand reductions are evaluated relative to a defined baseline condition, such as normal-year demand or another applicable baseline established by the City consistent with State requirements. The effectiveness of individual and combined shortage response actions is estimated using planning-level assumptions and professional judgment and is summarized in Table 8-5.

These estimates reflect the anticipated contribution of both quantifiable measures, such as landscape irrigation restrictions and prohibitions on non-essential water use, as well as less quantifiable measures including public outreach, customer behavioral changes, and operational adjustments.

The overall effectiveness of the City’s shortage response actions depends on a combination of enforceable conservation measures, operational management, public outreach, and customer participation.

Continued education, communication, and enforcement will remain important components of the City’s WSCP and will support the City’s ongoing efforts to maintain water supply reliability and comply with groundwater sustainability requirements established under SGMA.

8.5. Communication Protocols
Section 10632 (a)(5)
Communication protocols and procedures to inform customers, the public, interested parties, and local, regional, and state governments, regarding, at a minimum, all of the following:
(A) Any current or predicted shortages as determined by the annual water supply and demand assessment described pursuant to Section 10632.1.
(B) Any shortage response actions triggered or anticipated to be triggered by the annual water supply and demand assessment described pursuant to Section 10632.1. (C) Any other relevant communications
In accordance with CWC Section 10632(a)(5), the City will implement communication protocols and procedures to inform customers, the public, interested parties, and local, regional, and state agencies regarding current and projected water shortages, associated shortage response actions, and other relevant information.

The City will provide timely notification of any current or anticipated water supply shortages identified through the AWSDA conducted pursuant to Section 10632.1. In addition, the City will communicate any 188 of 912
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94 shortage response actions that have been triggered or are anticipated to be implemented, including applicable conservation requirements, restrictions, and enforcement provisions.

Communication methods will include direct outreach to customers as well as broader public information efforts. The City will distribute bill inserts containing conservation information, maintain and update water shortage and conservation information on its website, and conduct public outreach through informational meetings or community engagement efforts, as appropriate. These communications will include practical guidance on reducing water use, such as identifying and repairing leaks, improving irrigation efficiency, installing high-efficiency fixtures, and participating in water conservation practices such as graywater reuse where feasible.

When a water shortage level is declared or modified, the City will provide formal notice to customers and post updates on its website. Depending on the severity of the shortage condition, additional communication methods may be utilized, including local media announcements, radio broadcasts, publication in community newsletters, door-to-door notifications, or supplemental mailings.

The City may also coordinate with local, regional, and state agencies, as appropriate, to ensure consistent messaging and compliance with statewide requirements. Communication efforts will be adjusted based on the severity of the shortage conditions to ensure that customers receive clear, timely, and actionable information to support compliance with required conservation measures.

8.6. Compliance and Enforcement
CWC Section 10632 (a)(6)
For an urban retail water supplier, customer compliance, enforcement, appeal, and exemption procedures for triggered shortage response actions as determined pursuant to Section 10632.2.

As required by CWC Section 10632(a)(6), the City has established compliance and enforcement procedures for implementation of the WSCP and associated shortage response actions. During declared water shortage conditions, the City may monitor customer water use and compliance with mandatory conservation measures through meter data, field inspections, water waste patrols, customer complaints, and operational observations by City staff.

The Public Works Director, or designee, is authorized to implement and enforce the conservation measures and shortage response actions identified in this WSCP, including activation of the applicable water shortage stage in response to actual or anticipated water supply conditions. The Public Works Director is also authorized to approve limited exceptions, variances, or temporary exemptions from specific shortage response measures where strict application would create an undue hardship, threaten public health and safety, or result in unreasonable impacts. Any approved exception or exemption shall be conditioned upon the requirement that water use remainsreasonable and efficient and that the overall objectives of the WSCP continue to be achieved.

The City may monitor customer water use and investigate reported or observed violations of the water use restrictions established under the WSCP. Violations may include, but are not limited to, prohibited outdoor irrigation, water waste, failure to comply with mandatory conservation measures, unauthorized water use during declared shortage conditions, or noncompliance with emergency restrictions imposed during a declared water shortage stage.
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95 Pursuant to California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 23, Section 864, any violation of a prohibited use or mandatory conservation measure established under the City’s WSCP constitutes an infraction and may be punishable by administrative fines or penalties. Consistent with CCR Section 864, the City may impose the following escalating enforcement actions and penalties for violations occurring within a 12-month period:
• First Violation: The customer shall receive a written warning notifying the customer of the violation and advising that subsequent violations may result in monetary penalties or additional enforcement actions.
• Second Violation: The customer shall be subject to an administrative penalty of one hundred dollars ($100).
• Third Violation: The customer shall be subject to an administrative penalty of two hundred dollars ($200).
• Fourth and Subsequent Violations: The customer shall be subject to an administrative penalty of up to five hundred dollars ($500) for the fourth and each subsequent violation occurring within a 12-month period.

In addition to monetary penalties, the City may implement additional enforcement actions during severe or emergency shortage conditions, including installation of flow restrictors, temporary suspension of water service for repeated noncompliance, or other actions authorized by the City Municipal Code or applicable state regulations.

Customers may appeal enforcement actions, penalties, or denial of exemption requests by submitting a written appeal to the Public Works Director within ten (10) calendar days of the issuance of the notice of violation or enforcement action. The appeal shall describe the basis for the appeal and include any supporting documentation. The Public Works Director, or designee, shall review the appeal and issue a written determination. The decision of the Public Works Director shall be considered final unless otherwise provided by the City Municipal Code.

The City may grant temporary exemptions or variances from specific water use restrictions where necessary to protect public health and safety, maintain essential governmental or commercial operations, address construction-related requirements, preserve significant landscaping or trees, or comply with other legal or regulatory obligations. Any approved exemption shall be limited in duration and scope and may include conditions necessary to minimize water use and maintain compliance with the objectives of the WSCP.

8.7. Legal Authorities
CWC Section 10632 (a)(7)
(A) A description of the legal authorities that empower the urban water supplier to implement and enforce its shortage response actions specified in paragraph (4) that may include, but are not limited to, statutory authorities, ordinances, resolutions, and contract provisions. (B) A statement that an urban water supplier shall declare a water shortage emergency in accordance with Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 350) of Division 1. [see below] 190 of 912
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96 (C) A statement that an urban water supplier shall coordinate with any city or county within which it provides water supply services for the possible proclamation of a local emergency, as defined in Section 8558 of the Government Code.

Water Code Section Division 1, Section 350
Declaration of water shortage emergency condition. The governing body of a distributor of a public water supply, whether publicly or privately owned and including a mutual water company, shall declare a water shortage emergency condition to prevail within the area served by such distributor whenever it finds and determines that the ordinary demands and requirements of water consumers cannot be satisfied without depleting the water supply of the distributor to the extent that there would be insufficient water for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection.

In accordance with CWC Section 10632(a)(7), the City has established the legal authority necessary to implement and enforce the shortage response actions identified in this WSCP. These authorities include applicable provisions of the CWC, CCR, the Livingston Municipal Code, ordinances, and actions adopted by the City Council through resolutions and emergency declarations.

The Public Works Director, or designee, is authorized to implement and enforce water conservation measures and activate the appropriate water shortage stage when necessary to protect public health, safety, welfare, and the reliability of the City’s water supply system.

Pursuant to CWC Section 350, the City Council shall declare a water shortage emergency condition whenever it determines that normal water demands cannot be met without depleting available supplies needed for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection. During a declared emergency, the City may implement mandatory water use restrictions and additional emergency conservation measures consistent with CWC Section 353.

The City shall also coordinate, as appropriate, with Merced County and other local agencies regarding the possible proclamation of a local emergency pursuant to Government Code Section 8558 when severe water shortage conditions or catastrophic events threaten the City’s water supply reliability.

8.8. Financial Consequences of WSCP Activation
CWC Section 10632(a)(8)
A description of the financial consequences of, and responses for, drought conditions, including, but not limited to, all of the following:
(A) A description of potential revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions described in paragraph (4).
(B) A description of mitigation actions needed to address revenue reductions and expense increases associated with activated shortage response actions described in paragraph (4). (C) A description of the cost of compliance with Chapter 3.3 (commencing with Section 365) of Division

1. [retail urban suppliers only]
All of the City’s waterservice connections are metered; therefore, the City’s water fund operating revenue is closely tied to water use and may be significantly impacted by conservation measures implemented under the WSCP. During shortage conditions, expenditures may increase due to enhanced outreach, 191 of 912
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97 enforcement, and operational activities, while revenues from water sales may decrease as a result of reduced customer demand.

To mitigate these financial impacts, the City may adjust its rate structure, including implementation of drought-related surcharges or emergency pricing mechanisms, to maintain adequate revenue levels. The City may also utilize reserve funds to offset temporary revenue shortfalls and minimize the need for immediate rate increases.

A comprehensive evaluation of water rates and financial conditions will be conducted at the time of a shortage and presented to the City Council for consideration and approval. Additionally, the City may consider deferring non-essential capital improvements or implementing temporary rate adjustments until normal supply conditions are restored.

8.9. Monitoring and Reporting
CWC Section 10632(a)(9)
For an urban retail water supplier, monitoring and reporting requirements and procedures that ensure appropriate data is collected, tracked, and analyzed for purposes of monitoring customer compliance and to meet state reporting requirements.

In accordance with CWC Section 10632(a)(9), this section describes the monitoring and reporting procedures used to implement the WSCP and evaluate the effectiveness of shortage response actions.

The City continuously monitors its water supply conditions, including groundwater production and customer water demands. These data values are evaluated on at least a monthly basis and more frequently during periods of anticipated or declared water shortages. If a supply shortage is projected, the City will implement the appropriate WSCP stage, as declared by the City Council, based on the results of its AWSDA and ongoing operational monitoring.

Monitoring of customer water use is conducted using metered consumption data and billing records. The City evaluates water use trends by customer class to assess progress toward achieving required demand reduction targets. Water savings resulting from WSCP implementation are quantified by comparing current water use to baseline conditions, which may include historical averages, prior months, or the same period in previous years, as appropriate. The City may also consider external factors such as weather variability, seasonal demand patterns, and operational conditions in evaluating performance.

If demand reductions are not sufficient to meet established targets, the City may conduct more detailed analyses at the individual customer level to identify excessive use or potential non-compliance.

Enforcement actions, if necessary, will be implemented in accordance with the City’s adopted ordinances and WSCP provisions.

The City will document and report the effectiveness of shortage response actions to the City Council on a regular basis during WSCP implementation. In addition, the City will comply with all applicable state reporting requirements, including submission of AWSDA reports, monthly and annual drought reports and any other required reports to DWR.

Consistent with past practices, including those documented in the City’s prior UWMPs, monitoring and reporting results will also be communicated to customers through ongoing public outreach efforts, such 192 of 912
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98 as notices, billing inserts, and updates on the City’s website, to promote transparency and encourage continued water use efficiency.

8.10. WSCP Refinement Procedures
CWC Section 10632 (a)(10)
Reevaluation and improvement procedures for systematically monitoring and evaluating the functionality of the water shortage contingency plan in order to ensure shortage risk tolerance is adequate and appropriate water shortage mitigation strategies are implemented as needed.

In accordance with CWC Section 10632(a)(10), the City will periodically reevaluate and update its WSCP to ensure that shortage risk tolerance remains appropriate and that response actions are effective and current. The WSCP is implemented as an adaptive management framework. The City will use results from its annual water shortage assessment, as well as monitoring and reporting activities, to evaluate the effectiveness of implemented actions and identify opportunities for improvement. This ongoing evaluation supports informed decision-making by the City staff and the City Council and promotes efficient and consistent management of water shortages.

The City will review WSCP triggers, shortage level structure, and response actions as needed based on operational experience, changing conditions, and lessons learned during implementation. Potential updates may include modifications to shortage stage criteria, adjustments to response measures, or incorporation of new strategies to improve effectiveness.

Any proposed revisions to the WSCP will be presented at a publicly noticed City Council meeting. The City will consider input from the public and the City Council prior to adoption. Updates to the WSCP will be formally approved by resolution of the City Council.

8.11. Special Water Feature Distinction
CWC Section 10632 (b)
For purposes of developing the water shortage contingency plan pursuant to subdivision (a), an urban water supplier shall analyze and define water features that are artificially supplied with water, including ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and fountains, separately from swimming pools and spas, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 115921 of the Health and Safety Code.

In accordance with CWC Section 10632(b), the City distinguishes artificially supplied water features, including ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and decorative fountains, from swimming pools and spas, as defined in Section 115921(a) of the California Health and Safety Code.

Artificially supplied water features may be subject to additional restrictions during water shortage conditions because some features may be capable of utilizing non-potable or recycled water supplies.

Swimming pools and spas are evaluated separately due to potable water health and safety requirements.

For purposes of the WSCP, restrictions applicable to decorative fountains, ponds, pools, spas, and similar water features are identified within the applicable water shortage stages to ensure appropriate conservation measures are implemented based on the severity of the shortage condition. 193 of 912
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99 8.12. Plan Adoption, Submittal, Availability, and Amendment Procedures CWC Section 10632 (c)
The urban water supplier shall make available the water shortage contingency plan prepared pursuant to this article to its customers and any city or county within which it provides water supplies no later than 30 days after adoption of the water shortage contingency plan.

CWC Section 10642.
…Prior to adopting either [UWMP and WSCP], the urban water supplier shall make both the plan [UWMP] and water shortage contingency plan available for public inspection and shall hold a public hearing or hearings thereon…After the hearing or hearings, the plan [UWMP] or water shortage contingency plan shall be adopted as prepared or as modified after the hearing or hearings.

CWC Section 10640.
(b) …The supplier shall likewise periodically review the water shortage contingency plan as required by paragraph (10) of subdivision (a) of Section 10632 and any amendments or changes required as a result of that review shall be adopted pursuant to this article [Article 3 Sections 10640 -10645] CWC Section 10644(a)(2)(b)
If an urban water supplier revises its water shortage contingency plan the supplier shall submit to the department a copy of it water shortage contingency plan prepared pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10632 [required elements of a WSCP] no later than 30 days after adoption, in accordance with protocols for submission and using electronic reporting tools developed by the department.

In accordance with CWC Sections 10632(c), 10642, 10640(b), and 10644(a)(2), the City ensures that its WSCP is adopted, maintained, and made publicly available in compliance with statutory requirements.

Pursuant to Section 10642, the City made the WSCP available for public inspection and conducted a duly noticed public hearing prior to adoption. Following the public review process, the City Council formally adopted the WSCP on April 19, 2022, in conjunction with the 2020 UWMP, by Resolution No. 2022-21.

In accordance with Section 10632(c), the City makes the WSCP available to customers and to any city or county within which it provides water service no later than 30 days following adoption. The WSCP is publicly accessible through the City’s website and will continue to be made available for all future updates.

Consistent with Section 10644(a)(2), the adopted WSCP was submitted to the DWR within 30 days of adoption using the required electronic reporting tools.

In accordance with Section 10640(b), the City will periodically review and evaluate the WSCP and implement amendments as necessary to reflect updated conditions, regulatory requirements, and operational experience. Any revisions to the WSCP will be adopted following a publicly noticed City Council meeting and will be submitted to DWR and made publicly available within 30 days of adoption, consistent with applicable CWC requirements.

The WSCP will continue to be updated, adopted, and implemented in coordination with future UWMP updates to ensure consistency between planning documents and continued compliance with state law. 194 of 912
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100
CHAPTER 9 - DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES
CWC Section 10631
(e)Provide a description of the supplier’s water demand management measures. This description shall include all of the following:
(1)(A) For an urban retail water supplier, as defined in Section 10608.12, a narrative description that addresses the nature and extent of each water demand management measure implemented over the past five years. The narrative shall describe the water demand management measure that the supplier plans to implement to achieve its water use targets pursuant to Section 10608.20. (B) The narrative pursuant to this paragraph shall include descriptions of the following water demand management measures:
(i) Water waste prevention ordinances.
(ii) Metering.
(iii) Conservation pricing.
(iv) Public education and outreach.
(v) Programs to assess and manage distribution system real loss. (vi) Water conservation program coordination and staffing support. (vii) Other demand management measures that have a significant impact on water use as measured in gallons per capita per day, including innovative measures, if implemented.

CWC Section 10631(e) requires urban retail water suppliers to provide a narrative description of the water demand management measures (DMMs) implemented over the past five years and those planned to achieve applicable water use objectives and targets. DMMs measures are policies, programs, ordinances, and operational practices implemented by suppliers to promote water use efficiency, conservation, and ultimately reduce long-term potable water demand.

Consistent with the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook, this chapter describes the nature, extent, and effectiveness of the City DMMs, including how these measures contribute to achieving water use efficiency objectives established under Senate Bill 606 and Assembly Bill 1668, as well as the City’s previously established SB X7-7 targets. As documented in prior UWMPs, the City has historically implemented conservation-focused measures to manage demand and maximize the reliability of its imported surface water supply. The City will continue to prioritize cost-effective and locally appropriate DMMs that support long-term water use efficiency and supply sustainability.

The CWC identifies seven categories of DMMs to be addressed:
• Water waste prevention ordinances
• Metering
• Conservation pricing
• Public education and outreach
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• Other demand management measures
The following sections describe the City’s implementation of these measures and how they support compliance with current and future water use efficiency requirements.

9.1. Implementation over the Past Five Years
In accordance with CWC Section 10631(e)(1)(A), the City has implemented a range of demand management measures over the previous five-year period (2020–2025) to promote water use efficiency, reduce system demand, and support long-term water supply reliability of the Cityy’s groundwater supplies. As a groundwater-dependent agency within the critically overdrafted Merced Subbasin, the City recognizes the importance of maintaining efficient water use practices to support compliance with SGMA and the sustainability goals established for the basin. The Merced Subbasin GSPs establish a long-term objective of balancing groundwater pumping and recharge by 2040 through coordinated groundwater management, conservation, and recharge efforts.

The City’s conservation framework is primarily implemented through the City’s WSCP, which establish enforceable water conservation requirements, prohibited water waste practices, and staged response actions during water shortages. As discussed in Chapter 8, the WSCP establishes six shortage response levels consistent with current CWC requirements. Even during normal supply conditions, the City promotes ongoing water conservation practices intended to reduce unnecessary water use and improve long-term supply reliability.

The City maintains a fully metered water system, which supports accurate measurement of water use, leak detection, water accountability, and customer awareness. Metering also supports the City’s water rate structure and provides operational data necessary for annual water loss audits, demand forecasting, and system planning activities. Over the previous five years, the City has continued to replace aging meters and improve meter accuracy to strengthen overall system efficiency and improve the reliability of water use reporting.

Public education and outreach efforts are ongoing and integrated into the City’s conservation program.

These efforts include customer communications, promotion of water-saving practices, and dissemination of information regarding conservation requirements and drought conditions. The City also encourages water-efficient landscaping and indoor water use practices as part of its broader conservation messaging.

To manage distribution system real losses, the City continues to conduct annual water loss audits and implement system maintenance and repair activities. These efforts are supported by operational practices such as system monitoring, leak detection, and infrastructure improvements.

Water conservation program coordination and implementation are carried out by the City staff, as part of ongoing utility operations, planning, customer service, and regulatory compliance activities. Conservation measures are integrated into the City’s broader groundwater sustainability and water supply reliability planning efforts, including coordination with regional groundwater management activities occurring within MIUGSA and the Merced Subbasin.

Collectively, these measures demonstrate the City’s continued commitment to implementing practical, locally appropriate demand management strategies that support water use efficiency and long-term supply reliability.
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9.2. Implementations to Achieve Water-Use Targets
CWC Section 10631
(e)(1)(A) For an urban retail water supplier, as defined in Section 10608.12, a narrative description that addresses the nature and extent of each water demand management measure implemented over the past five years. The narrative shall describe the water demand management measure that the supplier plans to implement to achieve its water use targets pursuant to Section 10608.20.

In accordance with CWC Section 10631(e)(1)(A), the City will continue to implement and enhance DMMs to achieve applicable water use targets and water use efficiency objectives established pursuant to Section 10608.20. These objectives include maintaining compliance with the City’s SB X7-7 targets and progressing toward long-term water use efficiency standards established under Senate Bill 606 and Assembly Bill 1668, while also supporting groundwater sustainability objectives within the critically overdrafted Merced Subbasin.

As a groundwater-dependent agency, the City recognizes that efficient water use is an essential component of maintaining long-term supply reliability and reducing demands on the underlying aquifer.

Accordingly, the City’s approach to achieving water use objectives emphasizes maintaining consistent baseline conservation practices, improving system efficiency, and implementing adaptive conservation measures that can respond to changing hydrologic, operational, and regulatory conditions.

The City will continue to rely on its existing conservation framework and WSCP to guide implementation of both ongoing and enhanced conservation measures. As discussed in Chapter 8, the WSCP establishes six stages of response to water shortage conditions consistent with current CWC requirements. Stage 1 conservation measures remain in effect during normal supply conditions and establish the City’s baseline conservation program through water waste prohibitions, public outreach, and ongoing water use efficiency practices. During periods of reduced groundwater availability, drought, or increased system demand, the City will implement progressively more restrictive measures consistent with the WSCP to achieve additional demand reductions.

The City will continue to utilize its fully metered system to monitor customer demand, evaluate water use trends, identify inefficiencies, and support ongoing system planning efforts. The City also continues to evaluate opportunities for future meter replacement and system modernization improvements that may improve meter accuracy, water accountability, leak detection capabilities, and overall system efficiency.

Management of distribution system water losses will remain an important component of the City’s demand management strategy. The City will continue to prepare annual AWWA water loss audits, conduct routine system maintenance, repair leaks, and implement targeted infrastructure replacement projects to improve system reliability and reduce real water losses. The City will continue evaluating water loss performance metrics and operational data to identify opportunities for additional system efficiency improvements.

Public education and outreach efforts will continue to support achievement of the City’s water use objectives. Conservation messaging will focus on promoting efficient indoor and outdoor water use practices, reducing landscape irrigation demands, encouraging timely leak repairs, and increasing customer awareness regarding the importance of groundwater sustainability and long-term water supply 197 of 912
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reliability. Outreach efforts may include billing inserts, public notices, website information, social media communication, and drought-related conservation messaging, as appropriate.

Water conservation program implementation and coordination will continue to be integrated into the City’s ongoing utility operations, planning, customer service, and regulatory compliance activities. The City will continue to evaluate the effectiveness of its DMMs using available performance indicators, including water production trends, GPCD, water loss audit results, and system operational data. Conservation measures and operational practices will be adjusted as necessary to support continued progress toward the City’s water use efficiency objectives and groundwater sustainability goals.

Through continued implementation and refinement of these DMMs, the City will promote efficient water use, improve system reliability, support sustainable groundwater management within the Merced Subbasin, support compliance with State-mandated water use efficiency standards, and maintain a reliable long-term water supply for its customers.

9.3. Required Demand Management Practices

9.3.1. Water Waste Prevention Ordinance
This DMM consists of adopting and enforcing a Water Waste Prevention Ordinance that prohibits the unreasonable use, waste, or loss of water. On May 5, 2015, the City adopted Ordinance No. 623, which established Title 9, Chapter 5, Section 71 of the Livingston Municipal Code. The purpose of the ordinance is to minimize water waste and reduce unnecessary consumption of the City’s potable water supply.

Pursuant to the ordinance, water waste resulting from inappropriate water use, excessive runoff, leaks, broken irrigation systems, or other wasteful practices must be corrected within forty-eight (48) hours following notification by the City. The ordinance also authorizes the City Council to further define prohibited water waste practices through the adoption of resolutions or emergency conservation measures, as necessary.

Over the past decade, the City has expanded its public outreach and water conservation education efforts and increased enforcement of water waste prohibitions throughout the service area. Water waste prevention measures implemented by the City include prohibiting excessive irrigation runoff onto streets and sidewalks, requiring repair of leaks or broken irrigation systems within 48 hours, requiring hoses to be equipped with positive shut-off nozzles, and restricting recreational water uses that require a continuous flow of potable water.

The City will continue to enforce its Water Waste Prevention Ordinance and update water waste prohibitions, as necessary, to remain consistent with state water conservation requirements, drought response regulations, and the WSCP.

9.3.2. Metering
CWC Section 526
(a) Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, an urban water supplier that, on or after January 1, 2004, receives water from the federal Central Valley Project under a water service contract or subcontract... shall do both of the following:
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(1) On or before January 1, 2013, install water meters on all service connections to residential and nonagricultural commercial buildings... located within its service area.

Water Code Section 527
(a) An urban water supplier that is not subject to Section 526 shall do both the following:
(1) Install water meters on all municipal and industrial service connections located within its service area on or before January 1, 2025.

CWC Sections 526 and 527 require urban water suppliers to install water meters on all applicable service connections. Section 526 applies to suppliers receiving water from the federal Central Valley Project, while Section 527 requires all other urban water suppliers to install meters on all municipal and industrial service connections no later than January 1, 2025. These requirements support volumetric billing, improved water use accountability, and enhanced water use efficiency.

This DMM requires that all new service connections be metered and that any existing unmetered connections be retrofitted to allow for accurate measurement of water use. Metering enables suppliers to bill customers based on actual consumption, identify unusual usage patterns, and support conservation efforts through improved data collection and analysis.

The City of Livingston has implemented a fully metered potable water system in accordance with State requirements. All residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, landscape irrigation, and temporary service connections are metered and billed based on actual water use. In addition, all municipal groundwater production wells are equipped with production meters that are routinely monitored and recorded to support system operations, annual reporting, water loss auditing, and water supply planning.

Title 9, Chapter 5, Section 37 of the Livingston Municipal Code requires that all water delivered by the City be measured through water meters owned and maintained by the City. The Municipal Code further authorizes the Public Works Department to determine the size, type, location, and installation requirements for all customer meters.

The City utilizes customer meter data as part of its ongoing water conservation and system management efforts. Consumption records are reviewed to identify abnormal usage patterns, unusually high-water demands, or potential leaks within customer plumbing systems or the distribution network. Where appropriate, the City conducts follow-up investigations and customer notifications to encourage timely repairs and reduce unnecessary water use. Meter data also supports preparation of annual water audits, AWSDAs, UWUO reporting, and other State-mandated water use efficiency reporting requirements.

According to the 2024 AWWA Validated Water Loss Audit, approximately 99 percent of the City’s customers meter population utilizes automated meter reading (AMR) technology, with the remaining approximately 1 percent consisting of manual read meters. Manual readings are collected on a monthly basis and are incorporated into the City’s billing, water accounting, water loss auditing, AWSDA, and other State-mandated reporting programs.

The City will continue to maintain and upgrade its metering infrastructure as needed to improve data accuracy and operational efficiency. Through the continued implementation and enhancement of its metering program, City supports accurate water accounting, promotes efficient water use, and ensures compliance with State water use efficiency requirements. 199 of 912
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9.3.3. Conservation Pricing
Conservation pricing is a key DMM that uses rate structures to encourage efficient water use by linking the cost of water to the volume consumed. A well-designed conservation pricing structure provides customers with a financial incentive to reduce discretionary water use while ensuring sufficient revenue stability for system operations.

All customer water service connections within the City of Livingston are metered, and the City promotes water conservation through its volumetric rate structure. The City’s current water rates became effective on July 1, 2025. A copy of the current rate is provided on the City’s website.

The City’s water rates include a monthly flat water rate and an additional consumption charge based on total water use during the billing period. Residential single-family, multi-family, commercial, and industrial customers are currently charged a monthly flat water rate of $29.00, which includes a base level of water consumption. Residential accounts include up to 25,000 gallons per month within the flat rate, while commercial and industrial accounts include up to 35,000 gallons per month. Water use exceeding these thresholds is charged an additional rate of $1.72 per 1,000 gallons.

The City utilizes meter consumption data and volumetric billing to promote efficient water use, identify unusually high consumption patterns, and encourage timely leak repairs. The rate structure also supports implementation of the City’s water conservation programs and WSCP by providing a financial incentive to limit excessive or unnecessary water use.

At this time, the City has not implemented a water budget-based conservation pricing structure. The City recognizes that a water budget approach would require more complex rate calculations based on parcel size, landscape area, customer classifications, and other usage characteristics. The City may evaluate alternative conservation-oriented pricing structures in the future as part of ongoing water conservation and rate planning efforts.

9.3.4. Public Education and Outreach
Public education and outreach are important components of the City’s demand management strategy and provide customers with information regarding efficient water use practices, conservation requirements, and water supply conditions. The City implements public outreach efforts through customer communications, public notices, billing information, and information made available on the City’s website.

The City distributes public information regarding water conservation, water quality, and water supply conditions through direct mailings to water customers, postings on the City’s website, and informational materials available at City Hal. When warranted, time-sensitive public information may also be distributed through local media outlets, social media platforms, public meetings, and other community outreach efforts.

The City annually distributes the Drinking Water Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) to all water customers in accordance with State and federal requirements. The City may also utilize these mailings to provide additional information regarding water conservation programs, water use efficiency requirements, drought conditions, and implementation of the WSCP.

In addition, the City utilizes monthly water bills and billing inserts as a regular method of communicating conservation information and public service announcements to customers. These communications may 200 of 912
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include reminders regarding water conservation practices, prohibited water waste activities, seasonal irrigation recommendations, leak detection information, and updates regarding water shortage conditions or mandatory conservation requirements.

The City will continue to expand and update its public education and outreach efforts, as necessary, to support water conservation objectives, promote efficient water use, and maintain compliance with State water use efficiency and drought response requirements.

9.3.5. Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss The City recognizes that distribution system real losses, including leakage from pipelines storage facilities, and system appurtenances, represent a significant component of total water loss, and ultimately valuable groundwater resources from the Merced Subbasin. Effective management of these losses is essential to improving system efficiency, reducing non-revenue water, and supporting long-term groundwater sustainability and water supply reliability.

As a first step in managing real losses, the City conducts annual water loss audits in accordance with the AWWA water audit methodology and reports results through the State’s WUEdata reporting system.

These audits quantify the components of water loss, including real and apparent losses, and evaluate the operational and financial impacts associated with system inefficiencies. The results are used to establish a baseline understanding of system performance and to identify priority areas for improvement.

To reduce real water losses, the City implements ongoing system maintenance and repair activities, including leak investigations, repair of water main breaks, replacement of deteriorated infrastructure, and monitoring of abnormal system demands or pressure conditions. The City also utilizes customer meter data and production well metering to assist with identifying potential system losses and unusual water use patterns.

The City continues to expand its AMR system and replace older manual-read meters to improve data accuracy and water use monitoring capabilities. According to the City’s 2024 AWWA Validated Water Loss Audit, approximately 99 percent of the City’s customer meters utilize AMR technology. The City also performs customer meter accuracy testing on selected meters identified through customer complaints, abnormal consumption patterns, or questionable billing data. In addition, flow accuracy testing is conducted on active groundwater supply wells on a semi-annual basis.

Based on recent water loss audit findings, the City has identified the future implementation of a customerfacing water use monitoring application as a potential improvement measure. This system would allow customers to monitor water usage in near real-time, improve leak detection capabilities, and provide automated alerts for abnormal consumption patterns, supporting proactive water loss management and increased customer awareness.

The City also continues to implement public outreach and conservation messaging through its website, social media platforms, billing inserts, and other customer communications to promote water conservation and encourage timely leak repairs.

Through continued implementation of water loss audits, infrastructure maintenance, AMR improvements, leak detection efforts, and customer outreach programs, the City will continue working 201 of 912
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toward reducing real water losses, improving system efficiency, and achieving compliance with State water loss performance standards.

9.3.6. Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support The City’s Public Works Director serves as the designated Water Conservation Coordinator and is responsible for overseeing implementation of the City’s water conservation and demand management activities. City staff also support the coordinator and implementation of conservation programs, public outreach efforts, and compliance with State water use efficiency requirements.

Responsibilities of the Water Conservation Coordinator include:
• Coordinating water conservation activities and outreach efforts with City departments and the community to promote efficient water use and responsible water resource management . • Monitoring implementation and effectiveness of the City’s DMMs and WSCP. • Overseeing enforcement and compliance activities related to water waste prevention and conservation requirements.
• Planning and participating in community outreach, public education, and water conservation awareness programs.

The City utilizes existing staff and operational resources to support water conservation activities . Water conservation coordination is incorporated into the regular duties of the Public Works Director and supporting staff, and related activities are funded through the City’s water utility operations and maintenance budget.

9.3.7. Other Demand Management Measures

9.3.7.1. Residential Plumbing Retrofit
Residential plumbing retrofit programs promote water conservation by encouraging replacement of older plumbing fixtures with more water-efficient devices, thereby reducing indoor water use while minimizing impacts to customer lifestyles. State regulations already require high-efficiency plumbing fixtures in new construction, including low-flow toilets, faucets, and showerheads; however, older homes may still contain less efficient fixtures that contribute to higher water use.

Although the City does not currently operate a formal residential plumbing retrofit program, the City encourages customers to install water-efficient fixtures and appliances to reduce indoor water consumption. The City may pursue grant funding or other financial assistance opportunities in the future to support distribution of water-saving devices, such as faucet aerators, low-flow showerheads, and highefficiency toilet retrofit kits.

9.3.7.2. High-Efficiency Washing Machine Rebate Program High-efficiency washing machine rebate programs provide financial incentives for customers to replace older washing machines with water-efficient models that reduce indoor water use and wastewater generation. While the City does not currently offer a washing machine rebate program, the City recognizes the potential long-term water savings associated with high-efficiency appliances.

The City may evaluate future implementation of appliance rebate or incentive programs as funding opportunities become available through State, federal, or regional water conservation grant programs. 202 of 912
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CHAPTER 10 - PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AND

IMPLEMENTATION
This chapter describes the procedures followed by the City of Livingston for the preparation, public review, adoption, and submittal of the 2025 UWMP in accordance with the CWC. This chapter also summarizes the steps taken to ensure public participation, interagency coordination, and ongoing implementation of the Plan.

10.1. Plan Completion Timeline
This 2025 UWMP includes water use, supply, and planning data for calendar year 2025. The Plan evaluates current conditions, and projected water demands and supplies over a minimum 20-year planning horizon in accordance with the CWC and the 2025 UWMP Guidebook.

10.2. Notice of Plan Preparation
CWC Section 10621
(b) Every urban water supplier required to prepare a plan shall…at least 60 days prior to the public hearing on the plan…notify any city or county within which the supplier provides waters supplies that the urban water supplier will be reviewing the plan and considering amendments or changes to the plan.

CWC Section 10642
…The urban water supplier shall provide notice of the time and place of a hearing to any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies. Notices by a local public agency pursuant to this section shall be provided pursuant to Chapter 17.5 (commencing with Section 7290) of Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code. A privately owned water supplier shall provide an equivalent notice within its service area…
CWC Section 10621(b) requires that each urban water supplier notify cities and counties within its service area, as well as other appropriate agencies, at least 60 days prior to the public hearing on the UWMP. The City of Livingston is the sole retail water supplier within its service area and prepares its UWMP independently; however, the City coordinates with regional agencies and wholesale water providers to support consistent and informed water resources planning.

In compliance with CWC Section 10621(b), the City provided formal written notification of the preparation of its 2025 UWMP to relevant agencies and jurisdictions, including:
• City of Atwater
• City of Merced
• County of Merced
• Merced County Association of Governments
• Merced Irrigation District
Copies of the Notification letters are included in Appendix B. Copies of the final UWMP will be provided to these agencies no later than 30 days after its submission to DWR. 203 of 912
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10.3. Notice of Public Hearing
CWC Section 10642
…Prior to adopting either [the plan or water shortage contingency plan], the urban water supplier shall make both the plan and the water shortage contingency plan available for public inspection and shall hold a public hearing or hearings thereon. Prior to any of these hearings, notice of the time and place of the hearing shall be published within the jurisdiction of the publicly owned water supplier pursuant to Section 6066 of the Government Code [see below]. The urban water supplier shall provide notice of the time and place of a hearing to any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies Notices by a local public agency pursuant to this section shall be provided pursuant to Chapter

17.5 (commencing with Section 7290) of Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code. A privately owned water supplier shall provide an equivalent notice within its service area.

Government Code Section 6066
Publication of notice pursuant to this section shall be once a week for two successive weeks. Two publications in a newspaper published once a week or oftener, with at least five days intervening between the respective publication dates not counting such publication dates, are sufficient. The period of notice commences upon the first day of publication and terminates.

CWC Section 10642 requires that, prior to adoption, the UWMP and WSCP be made available for public inspection and that a public hearing be held. Notice of the time and place of the hearing must be published pursuant to Government Code Section 6066, which requires publication once per week for two successive weeks.

In accordance with these requirements, the City:
• Made the draft 2025 UWMP and WSCP available for public review prior to adoption. • Published a Notice of Public Hearing in the local newspaper of general circulation in accordance with Government Code Section 6066. A copy of the publication is provided in Appendix J. • Provide notice of the public hearing to all agencies who were previously notified of the plan preparation. A copy of the notices are provided in Appendix J. • Posted the Notice of Public Hearing on the City’s website.

Table 10-1 summarizes the cities and counties notified in accordance with statutory requirements. In addition to those listed in Table 10-1, the City also provided a 60-day notice and Notice of Public Hearing to the Merced County Association of Governments and the Merced Irrigation District.

Table 10-1 Notification to Cities and Counties (Submittal Table 10-1) City Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public
Hearing
City of Atwater Yes Yes
City of Merced Yes Yes
County Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public
Hearing
Merced County Yes Yes
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10.4. Public Hearing and Adoption
CWC Section 10642
…Prior to adopting either, the [plan or water shortage contingency plan], the urban water supplier shall make both the plan and the water shortage contingency plan available for public inspection and shall hold a public hearing or hearings thereon.

Water Code Section 10608.26
(a) In complying with this part, an urban retail water supplier shall conduct at least one public hearing to accomplish all of the following:
(1) Allow community input regarding the urban retail water supplier’s implementation plan for complying with this part.
(2) Consider the economic impacts of the urban retail water supplier’s implementation plan for complying with this part.
(3) Adopt a method, pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 10608.20 for determining its urban water use target.

CWC Section 10642 requires that urban water suppliers encourage public participation and hold a public hearing prior to adoption of the UWMP and WSCP. The City will hold a duly noticed public hearing before the City Council to receive comments on the draft 2025 UWMP and WSCP. The hearing will provide an opportunity for public review and input from all interested parties.

Following the public hearing, the City Council will consider all comments received and may adopt the UWMP and WSCP as prepared or as modified. Adoption will be completed by resolution of the City Council, and a copy of the adopting resolution is included in Appendix L.

In accordance with Government Code Section 7291, the City will provide language assistance or accommodation, as appropriate, to ensure meaningful public participation.

10.5. Plan Submittal
CWC Section 10621
(e) Each urban water supplier shall update and submit its 2025 plan to the department by July 1, 2026… CWC Section 10635
(c) The urban water supplier shall provide that portion of its urban water management plan prepared pursuant to this article to any city or county within which it provides water supplies no later than 60 days after the submission of its urban water management plan.

CWC Section 10644
(a)(1) An urban water supplier shall submit to the department, the California State Library, and any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies a copy of its plan no later than 30 days after adoption.

The City of Livinstson’s submittal process for its 2025 UWMP is detailed below. 205 of 912
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10.5.1. Submitting a UWMP and WSCP to DWR
In accordance with CWC Sections 10621(e) and 10644(a)(1), the final UWMP and WSCP will be submitted to the DWR within 30 days of adoption. Following adoption, the City will submit the 2025 UWMP, including the WSCP, electronically through DWR’s Water Use Efficiency (WUEdata) portal.

10.5.2. Electronic Data Submittal
Section 10644 (a)(2)
The plan, or amendments to the plan, submitted to the department … shall be submitted electronically and shall include any standardized forms, tables, or displays specified by the department.

CWC Section 10644(a)(2) requires submission of standardized data tables in electronic format. The City will submit all required UWMP data tables through the WUEdata portal concurrently with the UWMP submittal.

10.5.3. Submitting UWMP, including WSCP, to the Cities and Counties Within 30 days of adoption of the 2025 UWMP by the City Council, a copy (CD or hardcopy) of the 2020 UWMP was submitted to the State of California Library. A copy of the letter to the State Library will be maintained in the City’s file. The 2025 UWMP will be mailed to the following address if sent by regular mail:

California State Library
Government Publications Section
Attention: Coordinator, Urban Water Management Plans
P.O. Box 942837
Sacramento, CA 94237-0001

10.5.4. Submitting UWMP to the Cities and Counties
Pursuant to CWC Sections 10621(e) and 10635(c), the City will provide copies of the adopted UWMP and WSCP to the City of Atwater, City of Merced, Merced County, Merced County Association of Governments, Merced Irrigation District, and other relevant agencies within 30 days of adoption.

10.6. Public Availability
CWC Section 10645
(a) Not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its plan with the department, the urban water supplier and the department shall make the plan available for public review during normal business hours. (b) Not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its water shortage contingency plan with the department, the urban water supplier and the department shall make the plan available for public review during normal business hours.

CWC Section 10645 requires that the UWMP and WSCP be made available for public review within 30 days of submittal. The City will make the adopted 2025 UWMP available:
• At City Hall during normal business hours
• On the City’s website for public access
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10.7. Notification to Public Utilities Commission
CWC Section 10621 (c)
An urban water supplier regulated by the Public Utilities Commission shall include its most recent plan and water shortage contingency plan as part of the supplier’s general rate case filings.

The City is not regulated by the CPUC; therefore, this requirement does not apply.

10.8. Plan Implementation
CWC Section 10643
An urban water supplier shall implement its plan adopted pursuant to this chapter in accordance with the schedule set forth in its plan.

The City will implement the 2025 UWMP through ongoing operational practices, capital improvement planning, demand management measures, and water supply management strategies described throughout this document. The City will monitor system performance and update programs as necessary to ensure continued compliance with State requirements and long-term water supply reliability.

10.9. Amending an Adopted UWMP or WSCP
Section 10621
(d) The amendments to, or changes in, the plan shall be adopted and filed in the manner set forth in Article 3 (commencing with Section 10640).

Water Code Section 10644
(a)(1) Copies of amendments or changes to the plans shall be submitted to the department, the California State Library, and any city or county within which the supplier provides water supplies within 30 days after adoption.

The City’s amendment process for the 2025 UWMP and WSCP is detailed below.

10.9.1. Amending a UWMP
In accordance with CWC Sections 10621(d) and 10644(a)(1), any amendments to the UWMP will be adopted by the City Council and submitted to DWR, the California State Library, and affected cities and counties within 30 days of adoption.

10.9.2. Amending a Water Shortage Contingency Plan
Section 10644 (b)
If an urban water supplier revises its water shortage contingency plan, the supplier shall submit to the department a copy of its water shortage contingency plan prepared…no later than 30 days after adoption, in accordance with protocols for submission and using electronic reporting tools developed by the department.

CWC Section 10644(b) requires that revisions to the WSCP be submitted to DWR within 30 days of adoption. If the City amends the WSCP, the revised plan will be adopted by the City Council and submitted electronically to DWR using the required reporting tools within the prescribed timeframe. 207 of 912
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Appendix A – Legislative Requirements

APPENDIX A

LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS
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1.0fil!B,_ The Legislature finds and declares all of the following :
(a) Water is a public resource that the California Constitution protects against waste and unreasonable use. (b) Growing population, climate change, and the need to protect and grow California's economy while protecting and restoring our fish and wildlife habitats make it essential that the state manage its water resources as efficiently as possible.
(c) Diverse regional water supply portfolios will increase water supply reliability and reduce dependence on the Delta.
(d) Reduced water use through conservation provides significant energy and environmental benefits, and can help protect water quality, improve streamflows, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. (e) The success of state and local water conservation programs to increase efficiency of water use is best determined on the basis of measurable outcomes related to water use or efficiency. (f) Improvements in technology and management practices offer the potential for increasing water efficiency in California over time, providing an essential water management tool to meet the need for water for urban, agricultural, and environmental uses.
(g) The Governor has called for a 20 percent per capita reduction in urban water use statewide by 2020. (h) The factors used to formulate water use efficiency targets can vary significantly from location to location based on factors including weather, patterns of urban and suburban development, and past efforts to enhance water use efficiency.
(i) Per capita water use is a valid measure of a water provider's efforts to reduce urban water use within its service area. However, per capita water use is less useful for measuring relative water use efficiency between different water providers. Differences in weather, historical patterns of urban and suburban development, and density of housing in a particular location need to be considered when assessing per capita water use as a measure of efficiency.
(Added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1. (SB 7 7x) Effective February 3, 2010.) 10608.4. It is the intent of the Legislature, by the enactment of this part, to do all of the following :
(a) Require all water suppliers to increase the efficiency of use of this essential resource. (b) Establish a framework to meet the state targets for urban water conservation identified in this part and called for by the Governor.
(c) Measure increased efficiency of urban water use on a per capita basis. (d) Establish a method or methods for urban retail water suppliers to determine targets for achieving increased water use efficiency by the year 2020, in accordance with the Governor's goal of a 20-percent reduction. (e) Establish consistent water use efficiency planning and implementation standards for urban water suppliers and agricultural water suppliers. 209 of 912
(f) Promote urban water conservation standards that are consistent with the California Urban Water Conservation Council's adopted best management practices and the requirements for demand management in Section 10631. (g) Establish standards that recognize and provide credit to water suppliers that made substantial capital investments in urban water conservation since the drought of the early 1990s. (h) Recognize and account for the investment of urban retail water suppliers in providing recycled water for beneficial uses.
(i) Require implementation of specified efficient water management practices for agricultural water suppliers. (j) Support the economic productivity of California's agricultural, commercial, and industrial sectors. (k) Advance regional water resources management.
(Added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1. (SB 7 7x) Effective February 3, 2010.) 10608.8. (a) (1) Water use efficiency measures adopted and implemented pursuant to this part or Part 2.8 (commencing with Section 10800) are water conservation measures subject to the protections provided under Section 1011.
(2) Because an urban agency is not required to meet its urban water use target until 2020 pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 10608.24, an urban retail water supplier's failure to meet those targets shall not establish a violation of law for purposes of any state administrative or judicial proceeding prior to January 1, 2021. Nothing in this paragraph limits the use of data reported to the department or the board in litigation or an administrative proceeding . This paragraph shall become inoperative on January 1, 2021. (3) To the extent feasible, the department and the board shall provide for the use of water conservation reports required under this part to meet the requirements of Section 1011 for water conservation reporting. (b) This part does not limit or otherwise affect the application of Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340), Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 11370), Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 11400), and Chapter 5 ( commencing with Section 11500) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code. ( c) This part does not require a reduction in the total water used in the agricultural or urban sectors, because other factors, including, but not limited to, changes in agricultural economics or population growth may have greater effects on water use. This part does not limit the economic productivity of California's agricultural, commercial, or industrial sectors.
(d) The requirements of this part do not apply to an agricultural water supplier that is a party to the Quantification Settlement Agreement, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 1 of Chapter 617 of the Statutes of 2002, during the period within which the Quantification Settlement Agreement remains in effect. After the expiration of the Quantification Settlement Agreement, to the extent conservation water projects implemented as part of the Quantification Settlement Agreement remain in effect, the conserved water created as part of those projects shall be credited against the obligations of the agricultural water supplier pursuant to this part. (Added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1. (SB 7 7x) Effective February 3, 2010.) 210 of 912
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DIVISION 6. CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND UTILIZATION OF STATE WATER RESOURCES [10000 • 12999] ( Heading of Division 6 amended by Stats. 1957, Ch. 1932.) PART 2.55. SUSTAINABLE WATER USE AND DEMAND REDUCTION [10608 • 10609.42] ( Part 2.55 added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1.)
CHAPTER 2. Definitions [10608.12-10608.12.] ( Chapter 2 added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1.) 10608.12. Unless the context otherwise requires, the following definitions govern the construction of this part:
(a) "Affordable housing" has the same meaning as defined in Section 34191.30 of the Health and Safety Code. (b) "Agricultural water supplier" means a water supplier, either publicly or privately owned, providing water to 10,000 or more irrigated acres, excluding recycled water. "Agricultural water supplier" includes a supplier or contractor for water, regardless of the basis of right, that distributes or sells water for ultimate resale to customers. "Agricultural water supplier" does not include the department. (c) "Base daily per capita water use" means any of the following:
(1) The urban retail water supplier's estimate of its average gross water use, reported in gallons per capita per day and calculated over a continuous 10-year period ending no earlier than December 31, 2004, and no later than December 31, 2010.
(2) For an urban retail water supplier that meets at least 10 percent of its 2008 measured retail water demand through recycled water that is delivered within the service area of an urban retail water supplier or its urban wholesale water supplier, the urban retail water supplier may extend the calculation described in paragraph (1) up to an additional five years to a maximum of a continuous 15-year period ending no earlier than December 31, 2004, and no later than December 31, 2010.
(3) For the purposes of Section 10608.22, the urban retail water supplier's estimate of its average gross water use, reported in gallons per capita per day and calculated over a continuous five-year period ending no earlier than December 31, 2007, and no later than December 31, 2010. (d) "Baseline commercial, industrial, and institutional water use" means an urban retail water supplier's base daily per capita water use for commercial, industrial, and institutional users. (e) "CII water use" means water used by commercial water users, industrial water users, institutional water users, and large landscape water users.
(f) "Commercial water user" means a water user that provides or distributes a product or service. (g) "Common area" means that portion of a common interest development or of a property owned or managed by a homeowners' association or a community service organization or similar entity that is not assigned or allocated to the exclusive use of the occupants of an individual dwelling unit within the property. (h) "Common interest development" has the same meaning as in Section 4100 of the Civil Code. (i) "Community service organization or similar entity" has the same meaning as in Section 4110 of the Civil Code. (j) "Community space" means an area designated by a property owner or a governmental agency to accommodate human foot traffic for civic, ceremonial, or other community events or social gatherings. (k) "Compliance daily per capita water use" means the gross water use during the final year of the reporting period, reported in gallons per capita per day.
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(I) "Disadvantaged community" means a community with an annual median household income that is less than 80 percent of the statewide annual median household income. (m) "Functional turf" means a ground cover surface of turf located in a recreational use area or community space.

Turf enclosed by fencing or other barriers to permanently preclude human access for recreation or assembly is not functional turf.
(n) "Gross water use" means the total volume of water, whether treated or untreated, entering the distribution system of an urban retail water supplier, excluding all of the following :
(1) Recycled water that is delivered within the service area of an urban retail water supplier or its urban wholesale water supplier.
(2) The net volume of water that the urban retail water supplier places into long-term storage. (3) The volume of water the urban retail water supplier conveys for use by another urban water supplier. (4) The volume of water delivered for agricultural use, except as otherwise provided in subdivision (f) of Section 10608.24.
(o) "Homeowners' association" means an "association" as defined in Section 4080 of the Civil Code. (p) "Industrial water user" means a water user that is primarily a manufacturer or processor of materials as defined by the North American Industry Classification System code sectors 31 to 33, inclusive, or an entity that is a water user primarily engaged in research and development.
(q) "Institutional water user" means a water user dedicated to public service. This type of user includes, among other users, higher education institutions, schools, courts, churches, hospitals, government facilities, and nonprofit research institutions.
(r) "Interim urban water use target" means the midpoint between the urban retail water supplier's base daily per capita water use and the urban retail water supplier's urban water use target for 2020. (s) "Large landscape" means a nonresidential landscape as described in the performance measures for CII water use adopted pursuant to Section 10609.10.
(t) "Locally cost effective" means that the present value of the local benefits of implementing an agricultural efficiency water management practice is greater than or equal to the present value of the local cost of implementing that measure.
(u) "Nonfunctional turf" means any turf that is not functional turf, and includes turf located within street rights-ofway and parking lots. (v) "Performance measures" means actions to be taken by urban retail water suppliers that will result in increased water use efficiency by CII water users. Performance measures may include, but are not limited to, educating CII water users on best management practices, conducting water use audits, and preparing water management plans.

Performance measures do not include process water.
(w) "Potable reuse" means direct potable reuse, indirect potable reuse for groundwater recharge, and reservoir water augmentation as those terms are defined in Section 13561. (x) "Potable water" means water that is suitable for human consumption. (y) "Process water" means water used by industrial water users for producing a product or product content or water used for research and development. Process water includes, but is not limited to, continuous manufacturing processes, and water used for testing, cleaning, and maintaining equipment. Water used to cool machinery or buildings used in the manufacturing process or necessary to maintain product quality or chemical characteristics for product manufacturing or control rooms, data centers, laboratories, clean rooms, and other industrial facility units that are integral to the manufacturing or research and development process is process water. Water used in the manufacturing process that is necessary for complying with local, state, and federal health and safety laws, and is not incidental water, is process water. Process water does not mean incidental water uses. (z) "Public water system" has the same meaning as defined in Section 116275 of the Health and Safety Code. (aa) "Recreational use area" means an area designated by a property owner or a governmental agency to accommodate human foot traffic for recreation, including, but not limited to, sports fields, golf courses, playgrounds, picnic grounds, or pet exercise areas. This recreation may be either formal or informal. (ab) "Recycled water" means recycled water, as defined in subdivision (n) of Section 13050. (ac) "Regional water resources management" means sources of supply resulting from watershed-based planning for sustainable local water reliability or any of the following alternative sources of water:
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(1) The capture and reuse of stormwater or rainwater.
(2) The use of recycled water.
(3) The desalination of brackish groundwater.
(4) The conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater in a manner that is consistent with the safe yield of the groundwater basin.
(ad) "Reporting period" means the years for which an urban retail water supplier reports compliance with the urban water use targets.
(ae) "Turf" has the same meaning as defined in Section 491 of Title 23 of the California Code of Regulations. (af) "Urban retail water supplier" means a water supplier, either publicly or privately owned, that directly provides potable municipal water to more than 3,000 end users or that supplies more than 3,000 acre-feet of potable water annually at retail for municipal purposes.
(ag) "Urban water supplier" has the same meaning as defined in Section 10617. (ah) "Urban water use objective" means an estimate of aggregate efficient water use for the previous year based on adopted water use efficiency standards and local service area characteristics for that year, as described in Section 10609.20.
(ai) "Urban water use target" means the urban retail water supplier's targeted future daily per capita water use. (aj) "Urban wholesale water supplier" means a water supplier, either publicly or privately owned, that provides more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually at wholesale for potable municipal purposes. (Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 849, Sec. 3. (AB 1572) Effective January 1, 2024.) 213 of 912
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DIVISION 6. CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND UTILIZATION OF STATE WATER RESOURCES [10000 • 12999] ( Heading of Division 6 amended by Stats. 1957, Ch. 1932.) PART 2.55. SUSTAINABLE WATER USE AND DEMAND REDUCTION [10608 • 10609.42] ( Part 2.55 added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1.)
CHAPTER 2.5. Nonfunctional Turf [10608.14-10608.14.] ( Chapter 2.5 added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 849, Sec. 4. ) 10608.14. (a) The use of potable water for the irrigation of nonfunctional turf located on commercial, industrial, and institutional properties, other than a cemetery, and on properties of homeowners' associations, common interest developments, and community service organizations or similar entities is prohibited as of the following dates:
(1) All properties owned by the Department of General Services, beginning January 1, 2027. (2) All properties owned by local governments, local or regional public agencies, and public water systems, except those specified in paragraph (5), beginning January 1, 2027. (3) All other institutional properties and all commercial and industrial properties, beginning January 1, 2028. (4) All common areas of properties of homeowners' associations, common interest developments, and community service organizations or similar entities, beginning January 1, 2029. (5) All properties owned by local governments, local public agencies, and public water systems in a disadvantaged community, beginning January 1, 2031, or the date upon which a state funding source is made available to fund conversion of nonfunctional turf on these properties to climate-appropriate landscapes, whichever is later.
(b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), the use of potable water is not prohibited by this section to the extent necessary to ensure the health of trees and other perennial nonturf plantings, or to the extent necessary to address an immediate health and safety need.
(c) The board may, upon a showing of good cause for reasons including economic hardship, critical business need, and potential impacts to human health or safety, postpone a compliance deadline in subdivision (a) by up to three years for certain persons, institutions, and businesses, and may create a form to be used for compliance certification to the board by property owners.
(d) Public water systems shall, by no later than January 1, 2027, revise their regulations, ordinances, or policies governing water service to include the requirements of subdivisions (a) and (b), as revised by the board pursuant to subdivision (c), and shall communicate the requirements to their customers on or before that date. (e) (1) An owner of commercial, industrial, or institutional property with more than 5,000 square feet of irrigated area other than a cemetery shall certify to the board, commencing June 30, 2030, and every three years thereafter through 2039, that their property is in compliance with the requirements of this chapter. (2) An owner of a property with more than 5,000 square feet of irrigated common area that is a homeowners' association, common interest development, or community service organization or similar entity shall certify to the board, commencing June 30, 2031, and every three years thereafter through 2040, that their property is in compliance with the requirements of this chapter.
(f) Noncompliance by a person or entity with this chapter or regulations adopted thereunder shall be subject to civil liability and penalties set forth in Section 1846, or to civil liability and penalties imposed by an urban retail water 214 of 912
supplier pursuant to a locally adopted ordinance or policy. (g) (1) A public water system, city, county, or city and county may enforce the provisions of this chapter. (2) To avoid duplication of enforcement, any entity identified in paragraph (1) that is not a retail public water system shall notify the retail public water system 30 days prior to enforcement of the provisions of this chapter against a property served by such system.
(3) Nothing in paragraph (2) shall preclude enforcement by any entity identified in paragraph (1) once adequate notice is given.
(h) The department shall, when using funds appropriated for water conservation for turf replacement, prioritize financial assistance for nonfunctional turf replacement to public water systems serving disadvantaged communities and to owners of affordable housing.
(i) The department shall utilize the saveourwater.com internet website and outreach campaign to provide information and resources on converting nonfunctional turf to native vegetation. (j) The Governor's Office of Business and Economic Development shall support small and minority-owned businesses that provide services that advance compliance with this chapter. (Added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 849, Sec. 4. (AB 1572) Effective January 1, 2024.) 215 of 912
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DIVISION 6. CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND UTILIZATION OF STATE WATER RESOURCES [10000 • 12999] ( Heading of Division 6 amended by Stats. 1957, Ch. 1932.) PART 2.55. SUSTAINABLE WATER USE AND DEMAND REDUCTION [10608 • 10609.42] ( Part 2.55 added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1.)
CHAPTER 3. Urban Retail Water Suppliers [10608.16 -10608.44) ( Chapter 3 added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1. )
10608.16. (a) The state shall achieve a 20-percent reduction in urban per capita water use in California on or before December 31, 2020.
(b) The state shall make incremental progress towards the state target specified in subdivision (a) by reducing urban per capita water use by at least 10 percent on or before December 31, 2015. (Added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1. (SB 7 7x) Effective February 3, 2010.) 10608.20. (a) (1) Each urban retail water supplier shall develop urban water use targets and an interim urban water use target by July 1, 2011 . Urban retail water suppliers may elect to determine and report progress toward achieving these targets on an individual or regional basis, as provided in subdivision (a) of Section 10608.28, and may determine the targets on a fiscal year or calendar year basis. (2) It is the intent of the Legislature that the urban water use targets described in paragraph (1) cumulatively result in a 20-percent reduction from the baseline daily per capita water use by December 31, 2020. (b) An urban retail water supplier shall adopt one of the following methods for determining its urban water use target pursuant to subdivision (a):
(1) Eighty percent of the urban retail water supplier's baseline per capita daily water use. (2) The per capita daily water use that is estimated using the sum of the following performance standards:
(A) For indoor residential water use, 55 gallons per capita daily water use as a provisional standard. Upon completion of the department's 2017 report to the Legislature pursuant to Section 10608.42, this standard may be adjusted by the Legislature by statute.
(B) For landscape irrigated through dedicated or residential meters or connections, water efficiency equivalent to the standards of the Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance set forth in Chapter 2.7 (commencing with Section 490) of Division 2 of Title 23 of the California Code of Regulations, as in effect the later of the year of the landscape's installation or 1992. An urban retail water supplier using the approach specified in this subparagraph shall use satellite imagery, site visits, or other best available technology to develop an accurate estimate of landscaped areas.
(C) For commercial, industrial, and institutional uses, a 10-percent reduction in water use from the baseline commercial, industrial, and institutional water use by 2020. (3) Ninety-five percent of the applicable state hydrologic region target, as set forth in the state's draft 20x2020 Water Conservation Plan (dated April 30, 2009). If the service area of an urban water supplier includes more than one hydrologic region, the supplier shall apportion its service area to each region based on population or area. 216 of 912
(4) A method that shall be identified and developed by the department, through a public process, and reported to the Legislature no later than December 31, 2010. The method developed by the department shall identify per capita targets that cumulatively result in a statewide 20-percent reduction in urban daily per capita water use by December 31, 2020. In developing urban daily per capita water use targets, the department shall do all of the following:
(A) Consider climatic differences within the state.
(B) Consider population density differences within the state. (C) Provide flexibility to communities and regions in meeting the targets. (D) Consider different levels of per capita water use according to plant water needs in different regions. (E) Consider different levels of commercial, industrial, and institutional water use in different regions of the state.
(F) Avoid placing an undue hardship on communities that have implemented conservation measures or taken actions to keep per capita water use low.
(c) If the department adopts a regulation pursuant to paragraph (4) of subdivision (b) that results in a requirement that an urban retail water supplier achieve a reduction in daily per capita water use that is greater than 20 percent by December 31, 2020, an urban retail water supplier that adopted the method described in paragraph (4) of subdivision (b) may limit its urban water use target to a reduction of not more than 20 percent by December 31, 2020, by adopting the method described in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b). (d) The department shall update the method described in paragraph (4) of subdivision (b) and report to the Legislature by December 31, 2014. An urban retail water supplier that adopted the method described in paragraph (4) of subdivision (b) may adopt a new urban daily per capita water use target pursuant to this updated method. (e) An urban retail water supplier shall include in its urban water management plan due in 2010 pursuant to Part

2.6 (commencing with Section 10610) the baseline daily per capita water use, urban water use target, interim urban water use target, and compliance daily per capita water use, along with the bases for determining those estimates, including references to supporting data.
(f) When calculating per capita values for the purposes of this chapter, an urban retail water supplier shall determine population using federal, state, and local population reports and projections. (g) An urban retail water supplier may update its 2020 urban water use target in its 2015 urban water management plan required pursuant to Part 2.6 (commencing with Section 10610). (h) (1) The department, through a public process and in consultation with the California Urban Water Conservation Council, shall develop technical methodologies and criteria for the consistent implementation of this part, including, but not limited to, both of the following:
(A) Methodologies for calculating base daily per capita water use, baseline commercial, industrial, and institutional water use, compliance daily per capita water use, gross water use, service area population, indoor residential water use, and landscaped area water use.
(B) Criteria for adjustments pursuant to subdivisions (d) and (e) of Section 10608.24. (2) The department shall post the methodologies and criteria developed pursuant to this subdivision on its internet website, and make written copies available, by October 1, 2010. An urban retail water supplier shall use the methods developed by the department in compliance with this part. (i) (1) The department shall adopt regulations for implementation of the provisions relating to process water in accordance with Section 10608.12, subdivision (e) of Section 10608.24, and subdivision (d) of Section 10608.26. (2) The initial adoption of a regulation authorized by this subdivision is deemed to address an emergency, for purposes of Sections 11346.1 and 11349.6 of the Government Code, and the department is hereby exempted for that purpose from the requirements of subdivision (b) of Section 11346.1 of the Government Code. After the initial adoption of an emergency regulation pursuant to this subdivision, the department shall not request approval from the Office of Administrative Law to readopt the regulation as an emergency regulation pursuant to Section 11346.1 of the Government Code.
(j) (1) An urban retail water supplier is granted an extension to July 1, 2011, for adoption of an urban water management plan pursuant to Part 2.6 (commencing with Section 10610) due in 2010 to allow the use of technical 217 of 912
methodologies developed by the department pursuant to paragraph (4) of subdivision (b) and subdivision (h). An urban retail water supplier that adopts an urban water management plan due in 2010 that does not use the methodologies developed by the department pursuant to subdivision (h) shall amend the plan by July 1, 2011, to comply with this part.
(2) An urban wholesale water supplier whose urban water management plan prepared pursuant to Part 2.6 (commencing with Section 10610) was due and not submitted in 2010 is granted an extension to July 1, 2011, to permit coordination between an urban wholesale water supplier and urban retail water suppliers. (Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 497, Sec. 286. (AB 991) Effective January 1, 2020.) 10608.22. Notwithstanding the method adopted by an urban retail water supplier pursuant to Section 10608.20, an urban retail water supplier's per capita daily water use reduction shall be no less than 5 percent of base daily per capita water use as defined in paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) of Section 10608.12. This section does not apply to an urban retail water supplier with a base daily per capita water use at or below 100 gallons per capita per day. (Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 849, Sec. 5. (AB 1572) Effective January 1, 2024.) 10608.24. (a) Each urban retail water supplier shall meet its interim urban water use target by December 31, 2015. (b) Each urban retail water supplier shall meet its urban water use target by December 31, 2020. (c) An urban retail water supplier's compliance daily per capita water use shall be the measure of progress toward achievement of its urban water use target.
(d) (1) When determining compliance daily per capita water use, an urban retail water supplier may consider the following factors:
(A) Differences in evapotranspiration and rainfall in the baseline period compared to the compliance reporting period.
(B) Substantial changes to commercial or industrial water use resulting from increased business output and economic development that have occurred during the reporting period. (C) Substantial changes to institutional water use resulting from fire suppression services or other extraordinary events, or from new or expanded operations, that have occurred during the reporting period. (2) If the urban retail water supplier elects to adjust its estimate of compliance daily per capita water use due to one or more of the factors described in paragraph (1), it shall provide the basis for, and data supporting, the adjustment in the report required by Section 10608.40.
(e) When developing the urban water use target pursuant to Section 10608.20, an urban retail water supplier that has a substantial percentage of industrial water use in its service area may exclude process water from the calculation of gross water use to avoid a disproportionate burden on another customer sector. (f) (1) An urban retail water supplier that includes agricultural water use in an urban water management plan pursuant to Part 2.6 (commencing with Section 10610) may include the agricultural water use in determining gross water use. An urban retail water supplier that includes agricultural water use in determining gross water use and develops its urban water use target pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (b) of Section 10608.20 shall use a water efficient standard for agricultural irrigation of 100 percent of reference evapotranspiration multiplied by the crop coefficient for irrigated acres.
(2) An urban retail water supplier, that is also an agricultural water supplier, is not subject to the requirements of Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 10608.48), if the agricultural water use is incorporated into its urban water use target pursuant to paragraph (1).
(Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 328, Sec. 234. (SB 1330) Effective January 1, 2011.) 10608.26. (a) In complying with this part, an urban retail water supplier shall conduct at least one public hearing to accomplish all of the following :
(1) Allow community input regarding the urban retail water supplier's implementation plan for complying with this part.
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(2) Consider the economic impacts of the urban retail water supplier's implementation plan for complying with this part.
(3) Adopt a method, pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 10608.20, for determining its urban water use target. (b) In complying with this part, an urban retail water supplier may meet its urban water use target through efficiency improvements in any combination among its customer sectors. An urban retail water supplier shall avoid placing a disproportionate burden on any customer sector. (c) For an urban retail water supplier that supplies water to a United States Department of Defense military installation, the urban retail water supplier's implementation plan for complying with this part shall consider the conservation of that military installation under federal Executive Order 13514. (d) (1) Any ordinance or resolution adopted by an urban retail water supplier after the effective date of this section shall not require existing customers as of the effective date of this section, to undertake changes in product formulation, operations, or equipment that would reduce process water use, but may provide technical assistance and financial incentives to those customers to implement efficiency measures for process water. This section shall not limit an ordinance or resolution adopted pursuant to a declaration of drought emergency by an urban retail water supplier.
(2) This part shall not be construed or enforced so as to interfere with the requirements of Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 113980) to Chapter 13 (commencing with Section 114380), inclusive, of Part 7 of Division 104 of the Health and Safety Code, or any requirement or standard for the protection of public health, public safety, or worker safety established by federal, state, or local government or recommended by recognized standard setting organizations or trade associations.
(Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 257, Sec. 1. (AB 2277) Effective January 1, 2011.) 10608.28. (a) An urban retail water supplier may meet its urban water use target within its retail service area, or through mutual agreement, by any of the following :
(1) Through an urban wholesale water supplier.
(2) Through a regional agency authorized to plan and implement water conservation, including, but not limited to, an agency established under the Bay Area Water Supply and Conservation Agency Act (Division 31 (commencing with Section 81300)).
(3) Through a regional water management group as defined in Section 10537. (4) By an integrated regional water management funding area. (5) By hydrologic region .
(6) Through other appropriate geographic scales for which computation methods have been developed by the department.
(b) A regional water management group, with the written consent of its member agencies, may undertake any or all planning, reporting, and implementation functions under this chapter for the member agencies that consent to those activities. Any data or reports shall provide information both for the regional water management group and separately for each consenting urban retail water supplier and urban wholesale water supplier. (Added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1. (SB 7 7x) Effective February 3, 2010.) 10608.32. All costs incurred pursuant to this part by a water utility regulated by the Public Utilities Commission may be recoverable in rates subject to review and approval by the Public Utilities Commission, and may be recorded in a memorandum account and reviewed for reasonableness by the Public Utilities Commission. (Added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1. (SB 7 7x) Effective February 3, 2010.) 10608.34. (a) (1) On or before January 1, 2017, the department shall adopt rules for all of the following :
(A) The conduct of standardized water loss audits by urban retail water suppliers in accordance with the method adopted by the American Water Works Association in the third edition of Water Audits and Loss Control Programs, Manual M36 and in the Free Water Audit Software, version 5.0. 219 of 912
(B) The process for validating a water loss audit report prior to submitting the report to the department. For the purposes of this section, "validating" is a process whereby an urban retail water supplier uses a technical expert to confirm the basis of all data entries in the urban retail water supplier's water loss audit report and to appropriately characterize the quality of the reported data. The validation process shall follow the principles and terminology laid out by the American Water Works Association in the third edition of Water Audits and Loss Control Programs, Manual M36 and in the Free Water Audit Software, version 5.0. A validated water loss audit report shall include the name and technical qualifications of the person engaged for validation. (C) The technical qualifications required of a person to engage in validation, as described in subparagraph (B). (D) The certification requirements for a person selected by an urban retail water supplier to provide validation of its own water loss audit report.
(E) The method of submitting a water loss audit report to the department. (2) The department shall update rules adopted pursuant to paragraph (1) no later than six months after the release of subsequent editions of the American Water Works Association's Water Audits and Loss Control Programs, Manual M36. Except as provided by the department, until the department adopts updated rules pursuant to this paragraph, an urban retail water supplier may rely upon a subsequent edition of the American Water Works Association's Water Audits and Loss Control Programs, Manual M36 or the Free Water Audit Software.
(b) (1) On or before October 1 of each year until October 1, 2023, each urban retail water supplier reporting on a calendar year basis shall submit a completed and validated water loss audit report for the previous calendar year or the previous fiscal year as prescribed by the department pursuant to subdivision (a). (2) On or before January 1 of each year until January 1, 2024, each urban retail water supplier reporting on a fiscal year basis shall submit a completed and validated water loss audit report for the previous fiscal year as prescribed by the department pursuant to subdivision (a). (3) On or before January 1, 2024, and on or before January 1 of each year thereafter, each urban retail water supplier shall submit a completed and validated water loss audit report for the previous calendar year or previous fiscal year as part of the report submitted to the department pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10609.24 and as prescribed by the department pursuant to subdivision (a). (4) Water loss audit reports submitted on or before October 1, 2017, may be completed and validated with assistance as described in subdivision (c).
(c) Using funds available for the 2016-17 fiscal year, the board shall contribute up to four hundred thousand dollars ($400,000) towards procuring water loss audit report validation assistance for urban retail water suppliers. (d) Each water loss audit report submitted to the department shall be accompanied by information, in a form specified by the department, identifying steps taken in the preceding year to increase the validity of data entered into the final audit, reduce the volume of apparent losses, and reduce the volume of real losses. (e) At least one of the following employees of an urban retail water supplier shall attest to each water loss audit report submitted to the department:
(1) The chief financial officer.
(2) The chief engineer.
(3) The general manager.
(f) The department shall deem incomplete and return to the urban retail water supplier any final water loss audit report found by the department to be incomplete, not validated, unattested, or incongruent with known characteristics of water system operations. A water supplier shall resubmit a completed water loss audit report within 90 days of an audit being returned by the department. (g) The department shall post all validated water loss audit reports on its internet website in a manner that allows for comparisons across water suppliers. The department shall make the validated water loss audit reports available for public viewing in a timely manner after their receipt. (h) Using available funds, the department shall provide technical assistance to guide urban retail water suppliers' water loss detection programs, including, but not limited to, metering techniques, pressure management techniques, condition-based assessment techniques for transmission and distribution pipelines, and utilization of portable and permanent water loss detection devices.
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(i) No earlier than January 1, 2019, and no later than July 1, 2020, the board shall adopt rules requiring urban retail water suppliers to meet performance standards for the volume of water losses. In adopting these rules, the board shall employ full life-cycle cost accounting to evaluate the costs of meeting the performance standards. The board may consider establishing a minimum allowable water loss threshold that, if reached and maintained by an urban water supplier, would exempt the urban water supplier from further water loss reduction requirements. (Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 239, Sec. 1. (AB 1414) Effective January 1, 2020.) 10608.35. (a) The department, in coordination with the board, shall conduct necessary studies and investigations and make a recommendation to the Legislature, by January 1, 2020, on the feasibility of developing and enacting water loss reporting requirements for urban wholesale water suppliers. (b) The studies and investigations shall include an evaluation of the suitability of applying the processes and requirements of Section 10608.34 to urban wholesale water suppliers. (c) In conducting necessary studies and investigations and developing its recommendation, the department shall solicit broad public participation from stakeholders and other interested persons. (Added by Stats. 2018, Ch. 14, Sec. 7. (SB 606) Effective January 1, 2019.) 10608.36. Urban wholesale water suppliers shall include in the urban water management plans required pursuant to Part 2.6 (commencing with Section 10610) an assessment of their present and proposed future measures, programs, and policies to help achieve the water use reductions required by this part. (Added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1. (SB 7 7x) Effective February 3, 2010.) 10608.40. Urban water retail suppliers shall report to the department on their progress in meeting their urban water use targets as part of their urban water management plans submitted pursuant to Section 10631. The data shall be reported using a standardized form developed pursuant to Section 10608.52. (Added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1. (SB 7 7x) Effective February 3, 2010.) 10608.42. (a) The department shall review the 2015 urban water management plans and report to the Legislature by July 1, 2017, on progress towards achieving a 20-percent reduction in urban water use by December 31, 2020.

The report shall include recommendations on changes to water efficiency standards or urban water use targets to achieve the 20-percent reduction and to reflect updated efficiency information and technology changes. (b) A report to be submitted pursuant to subdivision (a) shall be submitted in compliance with Section 9795 of the Government Code.
(Amended by Stats. 2014, Ch. 463, Sec. 1. (AB 2067) Effective January 1, 2015.) 10608.43. The department, in conjunction with the California Urban Water Conservation Council, by April 1, 2010, shall convene a representative task force consisting of academic experts, urban retail water suppliers, environmental organizations, commercial water users, industrial water users, and institutional water users to develop alternative best management practices for commercial, industrial, and institutional users and an assessment of the potential statewide water use efficiency improvement in the commercial, industrial, and institutional sectors that would result from implementation of these best management practices. The taskforce, in conjunction with the department, shall submit a report to the Legislature by April 1, 2012, that shall include a review of multiple sectors within commercial, industrial, and institutional users and that shall recommend water use efficiency standards for commercial, industrial, and institutional users among various sectors of water use. The report shall include, but not be limited to, the following :
(a) Appropriate metrics for evaluating commercial, industrial, and institutional water use. (b) Evaluation of water demands for manufacturing processes, goods, and cooling. (c) Evaluation of public infrastructure necessary for delivery of recycled water to the commercial, industrial, and institutional sectors.
(d) Evaluation of institutional and economic barriers to increased recycled water use within the commercial, industrial, and institutional sectors.
(e) Identification of technical feasibility and cost of the best management practices to achieve more efficient water use statewide in the commercial, industrial, and institutional sectors that is consistent with the public interest and reflects past investments in water use efficiency.
(Added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1. (SB 7 7x) Effective February 3, 2010.) 221 of 912
10608.44. Each state agency shall reduce water use at facilities it operates to support urban retail water suppliers in meeting the target identified in Section 10608.16.
(Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 328, Sec. 235. (SB 1330) Effective January 1, 2011.) 222 of 912
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WATER CODE • WAT
DIVISION 6. CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND UTILIZATION OF STATE WATER RESOURCES [10000 • 12999] ( Heading of Division 6 amended by Stats. 1957, Ch. 1932.) PART 2.55. SUSTAINABLE WATER USE AND DEMAND REDUCTION [10608 • 10609.42] ( Part 2.55 added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1.)
CHAPTER 4. Agricultural Water Suppliers [10608.48-10608.48.] ( Chapter 4 added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1. )
10608.48. (a) On or before July 31, 2012, an agricultural water supplier shall implement efficient water management practices pursuant to subdivisions (b) and (c). (b) Agricultural water suppliers shall implement both of the following critical efficient management practices:
(1) Measure the volume of water delivered to customers with sufficient accuracy to comply with subdivision (a) of Section 531.10 and to implement paragraph (2).
(2) Adopt a pricing structure for water customers based at least in part on quantity delivered. (c) Agricultural water suppliers shall implement additional efficient management practices, including, but not limited to, practices to accomplish all of the following, if the measures are locally cost effective and technically feasible :
(1) Facilitate alternative land use for lands with exceptionally high water duties or whose irrigation contributes to significant problems, including drainage.
(2) Facilitate use of available recycled water that otherwise would not be used beneficially, meets all health and safety criteria, and does not harm crops or soils.
(3) Facilitate the financing of capital improvements for on-farm irrigation systems. (4) Implement an incentive pricing structure that promotes one or more of the following goals:
(A) More efficient water use at the farm level.
(B) Conjunctive use of groundwater.
(C) Appropriate increase of groundwater recharge.
(D) Reduction in problem drainage.
(E) Improved management of environmental resources.
(F) Effective management of all water sources throughout the year by adjusting seasonal pricing structures based on current conditions.
(5) Expand line or pipe distribution systems, and construct regulatory reservoirs to increase distribution system flexibility and capacity, decrease maintenance, and reduce seepage. (6) Increase flexibility in water ordering by, and delivery to, water customers within operational limits. 223 of 912
(7) Construct and operate supplier spill and tailwater recovery systems. (8) Increase planned conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater within the supplier service area. (9) Automate canal control structures.
(10) Facilitate or promote customer pump testing and evaluation. (11) Designate a water conservation coordinator who will develop and implement the water management plan and prepare progress reports.
(12) Provide for the availability of water management services to water users. These services may include, but are not limited to, all of the following:
(A) On-farm irrigation and drainage system evaluations. (B) Normal year and real-time irrigation scheduling and crop evapotranspiration information. (C) Surface water, groundwater, and drainage water quantity and quality data. (D) Agricultural water management educational programs and materials for farmers, staff, and the public. (13) Evaluate the policies of agencies that provide the supplier with water to identify the potential for institutional changes to allow more flexible water deliveries and storage. (14) Evaluate and improve the efficiencies of the supplier's pumps. (d) Agricultural water suppliers shall include in the agricultural water management plans required pursuant to Part

2.8 (commencing with Section 10800) a report on which efficient water management practices have been implemented and are planned to be implemented, an estimate of the water use efficiency improvements that have occurred since the last report, and an estimate of the water use efficiency improvements estimated to occur five and 10 years in the future. If an agricultural water supplier determines that an efficient water management practice is not locally cost effective or technically feasible, the supplier shall submit information documenting that determination.
(e) The department shall require information about the implementation of efficient water management practices to be reported using a standardized form developed pursuant to Section 10608.52. (f) An agricultural water supplier may meet the requirements of subdivisions (d) and (e) by submitting to the department a water conservation plan submitted to the United States Bureau of Reclamation that meets the requirements described in Section 10828.
(g) On or before December 31, 2013, December 31, 2016, and December 31, 2021, the department, in consultation with the board, shall submit to the Legislature a report on the agricultural efficient water management practices that have been implemented and are planned to be implemented and an assessment of the manner in which the implementation of those efficient water management practices has affected and will affect agricultural operations, including estimated water use efficiency improvements, if any. (h) The department may update the efficient water management practices required pursuant to subdivision (c), in consultation with the Agricultural Water Management Council, the United States Bureau of Reclamation, and the board. All efficient water management practices for agricultural water use pursuant to this chapter shall be adopted or revised by the department only after the department conducts public hearings to allow participation of the diverse geographical areas and interests of the state.
(i) (1) The department shall adopt regulations that provide for a range of options that agricultural water suppliers may use or implement to comply with the measurement requirement in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b). (2) The initial adoption of a regulation authorized by this subdivision is deemed to address an emergency, for purposes of Sections 11346.1 and 11349.6 of the Government Code, and the department is hereby exempted for that purpose from the requirements of subdivision (b) of Section 11346.1 of the Government Code. After the initial adoption of an emergency regulation pursuant to this subdivision, the department shall not request approval from the Office of Administrative Law to readopt the regulation as an emergency regulation pursuant to Section 11346.1 of the Government Code.
(Amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 15, Sec. 6. (AB 1668) Effective January 1, 2019.) 224 of 912
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WATER CODE - WAT
DIVISION 6. CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND UTILIZATION OF STATE WATER RESOURCES [10000 - 12999] ( Heading of Division 6 amended by Stats. 1957, Ch. 1932.) PART 2.55. SUSTAINABLE WATER USE AND DEMAND REDUCTION [10608 - 10609.42] ( Part 2.55 added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1. )
CHAPTER 5. Sustainable Water Management [10608.50-10608.50.] ( Chapter 5 added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1.)
10608.50. (a) The department, in consultation with the board, shall promote implementation of regional water resources management practices through increased incentives and removal of barriers consistent with state and federal law. Potential changes may include, but are not limited to, all of the following :
(1) Revisions to the requirements for urban and agricultural water management plans. (2) Revisions to the requirements for integrated regional water management plans. (3) Revisions to the eligibility for state water management grants and loans. (4) Revisions to state or local permitting requirements that increase water supply opportunities, but do not weaken water quality protection under state and federal law. (5) Increased funding for research, feasibility studies, and project construction. (6) Expanding technical and educational support for local land use and water management agencies. (b) No later than January 1, 2011, and updated as part of the California Water Plan, the department, in consultation with the board, and with public input, shall propose new statewide targets, or review and update existing statewide targets, for regional water resources management practices, including, but not limited to, recycled water, brackish groundwater desalination, and infiltration and direct use of urban stormwater runoff. (Added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1. (SB 7 7x) Effective February 3, 2010.) 225 of 912
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WATER CODE - WAT
DIVISION 6. CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND UTILIZATION OF STATE WATER RESOURCES [10000 - 12999] ( Heading of Division 6 amended by Stats. 1957, Ch. 1932. ) PART 2.55. SUSTAINABLE WATER USE AND DEMAND REDUCTION [10608 -10609.42] ( Part 2.55 added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1. )
CHAPTER 6. Standardized Data Collection [10608.52-10608.52.] ( Chapter 6 added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1.)
10608.52. (a) The department, in consultation with the board, the California Bay-Delta Authority or its successor agency, the State Department of Public Health, and the Public Utilities Commission, shall develop a single standardized water use reporting form to meet the water use information needs of each agency, including the needs of urban water suppliers that elect to determine and report progress toward achieving targets on a regional basis as provided in subdivision (a) of Section 10608.28. (b) At a minimum, the form shall be developed to accommodate information sufficient to assess an urban water supplier's compl iance with conservation targets pursuant to Section 10608.24 and an agricultural water supplier's compliance with implementation of efficient water management practices pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 10608.48. The form shall accommodate reporting by urban water suppliers on an individual or regional basis as provided in subdivision (a) of Section 10608.28.
(Added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1. (SB 7 7x) Effective February 3, 2010.) 226 of 912
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The supplier may request grant or loan funds to achieve the per capita reductions to the extent the request is consistent with the eligibility requirements applicable to the water funds. (d) Notwithstanding subdivision (b), the department shall determine that an agricultural water supplier is eligible for a water grant or loan even though the supplier is not implementing all of the efficient water management practices described in Section 10608.48, if the agricultural water supplier has submitted to the department for approval a schedule, financing plan, and budget, to be included in the grant or loan agreement, for implementation of the efficient water management practices. The supplier may request grant or loan funds to implement the efficient water management practices to the extent the request is consistent with the eligibility requirements applicable to the water funds.
(e) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), the department shall determine that an urban retail water supplier is eligible for a water grant or loan even though the supplier has not met the per capita reductions required pursuant to Section 10608.24, if the urban retail water supplier has submitted to the department for approval documentation demonstrating that its entire service area qualifies as a disadvantaged community. (f) The department shall not deny eligibility to an urban retail water supplier or agricultural water supplier in compliance with the requirements of this part and Part 2.8 (commencing with Section 10800), that is participating in a multiagency water project, or an integrated regional water management plan, developed pursuant to Section 75026 of the Public Resources Code, solely on the basis that one or more of the agencies participating in the project or plan is not implementing all of the requirements of this part or Part 2.8 (commencing with Section 10800).
(Added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1. (SB 7 7x) Effective February 3, 2010.) 10608.60. (a) It is the intent of the Legislature that funds made available by Section 75026 of the Public Resources Code should be expended, consistent with Division 43 (commencing with Section 75001) of the Public Resources Code and upon appropriation by the Legislature, for grants to implement this part. In the allocation of funding, it is the intent of the Legislature that the department give consideration to disadvantaged communities to assist in implementing the requirements of this part.
(b) It is the intent of the Legislature that funds made available by Section 75041 of the Public Resources Code, should be expended, consistent with Division 43 (commencing with Section 75001) of the Public Resources Code 227 of 912
and upon appropriation by the Legislature, for direct expenditures to implement this part. (Added by Stats. 2009, 7th Ex. Sess., Ch. 4, Sec. 1. (SB 7 lx) Effective February 3, 2010.) 228 of 912
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Livingston City CouncilAugust 18, 2026

Livingston City Council
August 18, 2026