06062023-H-22sr&att — Long Beach City Council, June 6, 2023 (part 4 of 5)

2. Instead, include the text from the 1975 Noise Element as follows:
a. “Goals related to the Land Use Element: The broad goals which express the aspirations of the City under the above heading are to protect and preserve both the property rights of owners and the right to quietness of the citizenry at large. Some strategies to achieve this goal include: Provide the City with limited maximum noise levels by judicious land use policies.” (1975, page 11) b. "When the goals for adjacent areas are found to be in conflict with each other, at the boundary line between two zones, the presumed ambient noise level of the quieter zone shall be used.” (1975, Page 200.)

2.4.4.4 Special Events
Special events regularly occur within the planning area, including community festivals, runs/walks, holiday celebrations, the Long Beach Grand Prix, the Long Beach Marathon, the Long Beach Lesbian and Gay Pride Parade and Celebration, the Jazz Festival, film production, and events hosted at the Queen Mary. Special events provide benefits to the City, including economic development and tourism; however, noise may be a concern for residents living in close proximity to special events. As such, the Noise Element aims to manage the frequency and intensity of noise from special events in order to prioritize the wellbeing of residents.

Strategy No. 13, in Section 2.4.2, Project Strategies, above, is aimed at reducing noise related to special events.

Citizen comments: This is a complex issue and the strategy proposed in Strategy No. 13, in Section 2.4.2 is woefully insufficient. Based upon the partial list of events above, this obviously has a significant noise issue effect on the residents and visitors to these areas regardless of whether they are participating in the event or not.

Recommendations:

1. Include the text from the 1975 Noise Element as follows:
a. “Long Beach Residents should be able to enjoy a quiet subdued lifestyle, or to seek the active lifestyle of boat racing, parties, indoor –outdoor socializing, or to pursue production, trade, and growth. [1975, page 7.] RE: REPLY TO 2019 PUBLIC SCOPING MEETING—EIR
General Plan Noise Element Project - Initial Study Comments Page | 6
b. "The lowest level of noise must be enforced when conflict exists to ensure that one group does not suffer noise hazards caused by another.” (1975, Page 200.)
c. "When the goals for adjacent areas are found to be in conflict with each other, at the boundary line between two zones, the presumed ambient noise level of the quieter zone shall be used.” (1975, Page 200.) d. “Goals related to the Noise Element: These can be summarized in one statement: to make the City a quieter, more pleasant place in which to live.” “The following are possible strategies for goal achievement:
e. To prevent the loss of relatively quiet areas of Long Beach by regulating potential noise sources.” (1975, page 12)
f. “To apply zoning, noise ordinance and other legislation to prevent an increase of noise levels and occurrences.” (1975, page 12) g. “To describe the noise problem areas which are within local control.” h. “To continue to take restorative measures to remedy and reduce high noise areas within the City. (1975, page 12)
i. “Goals related to Population and Housing Noise:
i. “To reduce the level of outdoor noise exposure the population is subjected to. (1975,page14)
ii. To achieve greater indoor quietness in multiple dwelling residential units.(1975,page 14)
iii. To reduce the level of noise generated by the population into the environment of the City. (1975,page 14)
iv. To reduce the level of incoming and outgoing noise into and from residential dwellings within the City. (1975, page 15)
v. To facilitate wherever feasible noise standards that shall be employed in a manner consistent with proposed land uses, population densities, and building types. (1975,page 15) c. Add back Table: “Maximum permissible sound levels for residential areas." (1975,page 137.)
d. Specify the noise level allowed at the adjacent residents' balconies/windows in seasonal configurations
RE: REPLY TO 2019 PUBLIC SCOPING MEETING—EIR
General Plan Noise Element Project - Initial Study Comments Page | 7

2. Set a noise category for those outdoor special events that use sound amplification. Include in Noise Element and Land Use Element and Event Permitting.
a. Define the appropriate sound levels, vibration levels*, duration, frequency for outdoor events that are amplified.
*Note: Vibration (dBC) was not a significant element in outdoor entertainment in 1975 but it is now in 2019. People are forced out of their homes multiple times a year—sometimes multiple times a month— by amplified bass vibrations from city-permitted entertainment events to protect themselves from the relentless bass harming them physiologically, best measured by dBC levels.)
b. Keep in mind: “Any outdoor level exceeding 65-70 dBA is likely to generate vigorous public complaints.” [Handbook of Noise Measurement, Seventh Edition, 1972, Peterson, Arnold, P.G., and Gross, Ervin E. Jr. [1975 Noise Element (page 133).
c. If noise exemptions are to be granted, specify the names of the specific events that may be exempted from normally allowed levels, limit the number of exempted events to not to exceed few a year (2-3) per “acoustical neighborhood”. Include duration of events.
d. Combine event locations into “acoustical neighborhoods” for noise measurement and planning purposes based on how sound from adjacent areas impacts them. Consider them “acoustical neighborhoods” for outdoor entertainment planning purposes to recognize how that noise in one affects all. Define these “acoustical” neighborhoods for outdoor entertainment as a pre-requisite for planning.
 For example: Alamitos Beach, Shoreline Drive, Convention Center parking lot, Marina Green, Rainbow Lagoon, and the Harry Bridges Memorial Park and Queen Mary are different venues but one acoustical area for people living adjacent to these event locations.  If there is excessive outdoor entertainment noise from Alamitos Beach one weekend, from Shoreline Drive the next weekend, and so forth, at the end of six weeks, although on paper it appears the events are being evenly distributed, in fact the excessive noise would disturb adjacent residents for six weekends—not just one weekend.  This will stop the hazards to people who are involuntarily exposed in their homes to consecutive weekly and daily excessive amplified noise from outdoor entertainment in their acoustical neighborhoods.

RE: REPLY TO 2019 PUBLIC SCOPING MEETING—EIR
General Plan Noise Element Project - Initial Study Comments Page | 8

3. Establish a noise measurement process for amplified noise at special events that is transparent.
a. If the level of the source is listed in the Noise Table, then a correlation of the test results of the source location and the nearest resident's balcony/window in seasonal configuration should be used to achieve desired results.
b. The City should coordinate with RRM Design Group or other noise consulting firm the testing procedure to include appropriate locations, interpretation of results and proper correlation of sound levels. c. Sound test measurements will be meaningless if the measurements are not taken in at least two sets of locations: sound source (at stage) and at closest residents’ balconies/windows in seasonal configuration. d. The sources should be identified by location and distance relative to closest residences. These measurements should be correlated and used in the event permit.
e. The locations of events should be chosen to be the furthest away from the adjacent residences, including those who live aboard boats. f. The speaker orientation should be directed away from the residences

4. Night time disassembling of stages and equipment that creates noise for nearby residents should not be permitted because it causes sleep impairment.

5. Identify a responsible person for coordination of all events and a method to enforce the law. (Splitting the permission process between different event coordinators will improperly allow for misinterpreting the city allowances.)

6. Specify timely enforcement of noise limits on excessive outdoor entertainment noise.

7. Include community leaders of the affected residents in the solution and the permission process. .

Figure 2-1
Map of the ‘Noise Element Project Location’
Citizen comments: Does not include the boats docked in the Shoreline Marina. The outline includes only land areas. The Shoreline Marina is in the City’s jurisdiction and the area should be included within the project boundaries to protect the residents living in the marina.

RE: REPLY TO 2019 PUBLIC SCOPING MEETING—EIR
General Plan Noise Element Project - Initial Study Comments Page | 9
Figure 2-2
Map of ‘Existing Major Sources of Noise’
Citizen comments: Does not show the Downtown and Waterfront areas affected by amplified event noise. This is obviously a major source of noise in these areas and must be documented.

4.11 Land Use Planning
(b) Would the project cause a significant environmental impact due to a conflict with any applicable land use plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect?
Potentially Significant Impact--Yes! The main documents guiding development and regulating land uses in the City are the City’s General Plan and Zoning Ordinance. The City is currently in the process of updating and replacing the existing Land Use Element (LUE) with an entirely new LUE that would guide future development in the City through the year 2040.

Approval of the proposed project is the adoption of the General Plan Noise Element, which is considered a policy/planning action and does not include or facilitate any physical improvements.

However, Government Code Section 65300.5 requires the various components of a General Plan to be internally consistent and provide a compatible statement of policies.

The City’s proposed LUE establishes land uses by PlaceTypes throughout the planning area, and the proposed Noise Element presents information related to existing and projected noise contours that could impact land uses. Therefore, a consistency analysis will be included in the EIR to demonstrate the project’s consistency with the proposed LUE. Additionally, analysis will be provided showing the proposed project’s consistency with the City’s Zoning Ordinance. Land use impacts associated with the consistency between the project and City’s General Plan and Zoning Ordinance will be addressed in the EIR and mitigation proposed if necessary.

Citizen comments: Land uses are not the same as “acoustical neighborhood”s. It is not necessary to merge these two concepts as land use may be but is not necessarily noisy.

From an Acoustical Neighborhood concept, the Downtown and Waterfront are the same.

RE: REPLY TO 2019 PUBLIC SCOPING MEETING—EIR
General Plan Noise Element Project - Initial Study Comments Page | 10

4.13 Noise Impact Analysis:
(a) Would the project result in generation of a substantial temporary or permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the vicinity of the project in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance, or applicable standards of other agencies?
Potentially Significant Impact--Yes! However, implementation of the proposed Noise Element could result in potentially significant impacts related to proposed noise and vibration policies and standards. As such, impacts related to noise as presented in the Noise Element will be addressed in the EIR. The EIR will also include a discussion of standards established in the City’s Noise Ordinance and the proposed Noise Element.

Potential impacts related to noise exceeding established thresholds as presented in the Noise Element will be analyzed further in the EIR and mitigation proposed if necessary.

Citizen comments: The environmental impact of no noise standards for special events as currently omitted in the 2019 Noise Element is a significant environmental hazard for adjacent residents. The lack of standards and noise enforcement for outdoor amplified events fosters continuation of the current circuitous Catch 22 of sending noise complaints about the level of amplified noise back to the Fox in the henhouse, which is the Special Events Department responsible for causing the problem. The results; the hazardous noise continues. More events, more noise, and the ambient noise level increases (No offense intended to the individuals, but solely to recognize the conflicted nature of the City and its jobs.) The Health Department takes no responsibility for outdoor event noise hazards arranged by the Special Events Department also because of the events noise exemption. Instead, the Health Department also refers complaint calls back to the Special Events Department (the Fox).The legal department and mayor’s office also refer calls back to the Special Events Department, (or they do not reply at all).

End result—everything goes back to the Special Events Department and the Noise continues to harm the residents.

Recommendations: Set noise standards for events and enforce them; designate only 2- 3 specific events "per acoustic neighborhood per calendar year" that may exceed the noise standard so that the ambient noise level does not increase due to the increasing number of events.. (Use arm’s length relationship with certified noise planner to define acoustic noise neighborhoods. See 2.4.2 item 13 above for acoustic neighborhood definition.)

1. Designate a specific noise manager and train and imbue with authority to actively manage the noise levels for outdoor events to comply with health and safety standards. Include a role definition for the noise manager and methodology for the public of how to escalate issues with management.

2. Designate and track issues and the escalation and resolution process.

RE: REPLY TO 2019 PUBLIC SCOPING MEETING—EIR
General Plan Noise Element Project - Initial Study Comments Page | 11
(b) Would the project result in generation of excessive ground borne vibration or ground borne noise levels?
Potentially Significant Impact-Yes! Refer to Response 4.12 (a). Approval of the proposed project is the adoption of the new General Plan Noise Element, which is considered a policy/planning action and does not include or facilitate any physical improvements. However, implementation of the proposed Noise Element could result in potentially significant impacts related to proposed noise and vibration policies or standards. As such, impacts related to excessive ground borne vibration or ground borne noise as presented in the Noise Element will be addressed in the EIR. Potential vibration and ground borne noise impacts as presented in the Noise Element will be analyzed further in the EIR and mitigation proposed if necessary.

Citizen comments: There are numerous issues directly related to permitted amplified events that must be addressed in this section of the EIR.

4.16 Recreation Impact Analysis:
(a) Would the project increase the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks or other recreational facilities such that substantial physical deterioration of the facility would occur or be accelerated?
The Long Beach Parks, Recreation, and Marine Department (LBPRM) oversees the operation and maintenance of public recreational facilities within the City, including parks, community centers, marinas, golf courses, and swimming pools. According to the proposed Land Use Element, the planning area currently contains 100 public parks with 25 community centers, 2 tennis centers, 5 municipal golf courses, and a marina system.

Overall, the citywide total of recreation uses is approximately 2,750 acres. According to the General Plan Open Space Element (2002), the City’s parkland-to-resident ratio goal is to provide 8 acres per 1,000 residents. As such, the City is not currently meeting its parkland goal.

The proposed project is the adoption of the General Plan Noise Element, which is a policy/planning action that does not include or facilitate any physical improvements that would result in impacts to recreational facilities. Implementation of the proposed project would not result in an increase in the use of existing neighborhood and regional parks and other recreational facilities. Any future discretionary project within the City would be evaluated individually, and project-specific mitigation would be proposed as needed.

Therefore, the proposed project would not result in impacts related to the increased use and subsequent deterioration of recreational facilities, and no mitigation is required.

This topic will not be analyzed further in the EIR unless new information identifying it as a potential impact is presented during the scoping process.

RE: REPLY TO 2019 PUBLIC SCOPING MEETING—EIR
General Plan Noise Element Project - Initial Study Comments Page | 12
Citizen comments: Yes--This item should be addressed in the EIR. Depending on how the Noise Element is written or interpreted, numerous special events could be permitted in park areas. Massive crowds, multiple simultaneous use and restricted park access is likely and should be addressed.

4.17 Transportation Impact Analysis:
(a) Would the project conflict with a program, plan, ordinance, or policy addressing the circulation system, including transit, roadway, bicycle, and pedestrian facilities?
Potentially Significant Impact-Yes! The City’s Mobility Element (2013) focuses on improving the quality of life for Long Beach residents through transportation and mobility planning. The transportation facilities throughout the City are a major source of noise. Approval of the proposed project is the adoption of the General Plan Noise Element, which is considered a policy/planning action and does not include or facilitate any physical improvements. However, Government Code Section 65300.5 requires the various components of a General Plan to be internally consistent and provide a compatible statement of policies. As such, a consistency analysis will be included in the EIR to demonstrate the project’s consistency with the Mobility Element, as well as the proposed LUE. Transportation impacts associated with the consistency between the project and City’s General Plan will be addressed in the EIR and mitigation proposed if necessary.

Citizen comments: This analysis must include an analysis of changes to traffic patterns, hours of extended traffic noise and additional traffic congestion related to permitted special events, particularly in the Downtown/Waterfront area.

4.21 Mandatory Findings of Significance
(b) Does the project have impacts that are individually limited, but cumulatively considerable?
(“Cumulatively considerable” means that the incremental effects of a project are considerable when viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects, and the effects of probable future projects.) Potentially Significant Impact-Yes! The proposed project, when considered in conjunction with other approved or pending projects within the City, could potentially result in cumulatively considerable impacts related to noise. As such, the EIR will assess the potential for the proposed project to contribute to cumulative impacts for each of these environmental topics, and mitigation will be proposed if necessary. Potential cumulative impacts associated with the proposed project will be analyzed further in the EIR.

RE: REPLY TO 2019 PUBLIC SCOPING MEETING—EIR
General Plan Noise Element Project - Initial Study Comments Page | 13
Citizen comments: To be complete, this analysis must include an analysis of the effects of persistent noise from permitted amplified events.
(c) Does the project have environmental effects which will cause substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly? Potentially Significant Impact- Yes! The potential for the proposed project to have substantial adverse effects on human beings, either directly or indirectly, will be evaluated in the Noise section of the EIR. Potential adverse noise impacts associated with the proposed project will be analyze further in the EIR.

Citizen comments: To be complete, this analysis must include an analysis of the effects of persistent noise from permitted amplified events.

1 Jennifer Ly
From: Feeruza Shah <[email protected]>
Sent: Thursday, June 13, 2019 5:13 AM
To: LBDS-EIR-Comments
Subject: Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
Jennifer Ly, Planner
City O Long Beach
333 West Ocean Boulevard
Fifth Floor
Long Beach
CA 90802
Jennifer Ly
These are our comments email, to solicit input regarding the scope and content of the Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
The EIR has a table of Maximum Allowable Noise Exposure from Transportation Sources (page 2-11) but no daytime or nighttime noise limits for residential areas. Without measurable residential noise limits, all Long Beach residents are at risk of being harmed by excessive noise.

Yours sincerely,
Shah Family
850 E Ocean Boulevard
# 606
Long Beach
CA 90802
1 Jennifer Ly
From: Feeruza Shah <[email protected]>
Sent: Thursday, June 13, 2019 5:15 AM
To: LBDS-EIR-Comments
Subject: Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
Jennifer Ly, Planner
City O Long Beach
333 West Ocean Boulevard
Fifth Floor
Long Beach
CA 90802
Jennifer Ly
These are our comments email, to solicit input regarding the scope and content of the Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
The EIR has extensive city-wide measurements of existing noise from traffic, but no measurement of the impact of city-permitted outdoor entertainment noise on residents whose homes face entertainment venues. Given that the reason for noise ordinances is to protect people’s health, noise from outdoor entertainment needs to be measured at the windows of residents whose homes face outdoor venues to ensure that the noise is not endangering their health.

Yours sincerely,
Shah Family
850 E Ocean Boulevard
# 606
Long Beach
CA 90802
1 Jennifer Ly
From: Feeruza Shah <[email protected]>
Sent: Thursday, June 13, 2019 5:16 AM
To: LBDS-EIR-Comments
Subject: Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
Jennifer Ly, Planner
City O Long Beach
333 West Ocean Boulevard
Fifth Floor
Long Beach
CA 90802
Jennifer Ly
These are our comments email, to solicit input regarding the scope and content of the Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
Given that dBC vibrations (bass sounds) have become a significant concert feature since the 1975 Noise Element was written and that such noise can cause significant health problems including increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, vasoconstriction, changes in respiration, and cardiac arrhythmia, dBC vibrations from outdoor entertainment need to be measured at the windows of residents whose homes face outdoor venues to ensure that the noise is not endangering their health.

Yours sincerely,
Shah Family
850 E Ocean Boulevard
# 606
Long Beach
CA 90802
1 Jennifer Ly
From: Feeruza Shah <[email protected]>
Sent: Thursday, June 13, 2019 5:21 AM
To: LBDS-EIR-Comments
Subject: Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
Jennifer Ly, Planner
City O Long Beach
333 West Ocean Boulevard
Fifth Floor
Long Beach
CA 90802
Jennifer Ly
These are our comments email, to solicit input regarding the scope and content of the Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
I object to “balancing” Waterfront activities with residential needs as stated in strategies #2 and 13 in section 2.4.2 on page 2-7. The city’s first duty is to PROTECT residents, not balance their health with entertainment. The city needs to allow only outdoor activities that do not harm residents with excessive noise.

Yours sincerely,
Shah Family
850 E Ocean Boulevard
# 606
Long Beach
CA 90802
1 Jennifer Ly
From: Feeruza Shah <[email protected]>
Sent: Thursday, June 13, 2019 5:23 AM
To: LBDS-EIR-Comments
Subject: Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
Jennifer Ly, Planner
City O Long Beach
333 West Ocean Boulevard
Fifth Floor
Long Beach
CA 90802
Jennifer Ly
These are our comments email, to solicit input regarding the scope and content of the Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
Regarding Waterfront development described on page 2-10, if the city is going to encourage highdensity housing AND tourism attractions in the same geographical area, it must at the same time ensure that residences are protected from excessive noise from tourism.

Yours sincerely,
Shah Family
850 E Ocean Boulevard
# 606
Long Beach
1 Jennifer Ly
From: Feeruza Shah <[email protected]>
Sent: Thursday, June 13, 2019 5:24 AM
To: LBDS-EIR-Comments
Subject: Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
Jennifer Ly, Planner
City O Long Beach
333 West Ocean Boulevard
Fifth Floor
Long Beach
CA 90802
Jennifer Ly
These are our comments email, to solicit input regarding the scope and content of the Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
Regarding section 2.4.4.4 on page 2-12, Special Events is not the only entity that permits outdoor entertainment. The Convention Center also permits outdoor entertainment and residents should be protected from excessive noise permitted by the Convention Center as well.

Yours sincerely,
Shah Family
850 E Ocean Boulevard
# 606
Long Beach
1 Jennifer Ly
From: Feeruza Shah <[email protected]>
Sent: Thursday, June 13, 2019 5:25 AM
To: LBDS-EIR-Comments
Subject: Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
Jennifer Ly, Planner
City O Long Beach
333 West Ocean Boulevard
Fifth Floor
Long Beach
CA 90802
Jennifer Ly
These are our comments email, to solicit input regarding the scope and content of the Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
Regarding Environmental Equity and Social Justice in section 2.4.4.5 on page 2-12, if there must be some exceptions to residential noise limits, there needs to be equity and justice across the city as to how many exceptions there are per year per acoustical neighborhood. In 2018, the acoustical neighborhood consisting of Alamitos Beach/Shoreline drive/ the Convention Center parking lot/Marina Green/ Rainbow Lagoon/Harry Bridges Memorial Park experience 26 days between March 20 and oct 7 where people living on East Ocean Blvd downtown were involuntarily exposed in their homes to city-permitted excessive amplified sounds from outdoor entertainment, often up to 12 ours a day each day, often several days in a row. Is there any other acoustical neighborhood in the city who suffered so much?
Yours sincerely,
Shah Family
850 E Ocean Boulevard
# 606
Long Beach
1 Jennifer Ly
From: Feeruza Shah <[email protected]>
Sent: Thursday, June 13, 2019 5:27 AM
To: LBDS-EIR-Comments
Subject: Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
Jennifer Ly, Planner
City O Long Beach
333 West Ocean Boulevard
Fifth Floor
Long Beach
CA 90802
Jennifer Ly
These are our comments email, to solicit input regarding the scope and content of the Environmental Impact Report (EIR)
Regarding Noise Management in section 2.4.4.6, in order to manage noise there must first be measurable noise limits. There must also be real time/ same day enforcement.

Yours sincerely,
Shah Family
850 E Ocean Boulevard
# 606
Long Beach

1 Jennifer Ly
From: Moustafa, Margaret <[email protected]> Sent: Saturday, June 15, 2019 10:01 PM
To: LINDA SCHOLL; Tasha Day
Cc: Jeannine Pearce; [email protected]; Tom Modica; Linda Tatum; Jennifer Ly; Christopher Koontz; Robert Fox
Subject: Re: turn down the dew tour volume!
Attachments: IMG_4795.JPG; Invisible but audible - Noise polution hazards.pdf Just to clarify, LBMC 8.80.280 may say the city's noise ordinances do not apply if the city permits it, but California Noise Law 46000 says, "All Californians are entitled to a peaceful and quiet environment without the intrusion of noise which may be hazardous to their health or welfare." "Exposure to high noise levels affect the entire [physiological] system with prolonged exposure in excess of 75 dBA increasing body tensions and thereby affecting blood pressure and functions of the heart and the nervous system." (2019 draft Noise Element, p. 34). Other sources say the same thing. For example, see the article in the upper right hand corner from harvard.ed attached.

Therefore, LONG BEACH IS BREAKING CALIFORNIA LAW. Given this information, will Long Beach continue to KNOWINGLY break California law??
Dr. Margaret Moustafa
850 East Ocean Blvd.
___________________
From: LINDA SCHOLL <[email protected]>
Sent: Saturday, June 15, 2019 8:51 PM
To: [email protected]
Cc: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; Robert Fox Subject: turn down the dew tour volume!
Tasha,
This is irresponsible. You’ve allowed them to FBomb the public and residents and blow us out of our homes again! We’ve all called multiple time from people who live at multiple buildings to the hotline. Yet the noise continues. Please stop this harassment and comply with the law.

Linda Scholl
700 E. Ocean Blvd.

1 Jennifer Ly
From: Gregory Samaras <[email protected]>
Sent: Saturday, June 15, 2019 9:56 PM
To: Jennifer Ly; LBDS-EIR-Comments
Subject: Noise Element May 2019 Draft--comments from Gregory Samaras Attachments: Noise Element May 2019 Draft Comments from Gregory Samaras.pdf June 15, 2019
Ms. Jennifer Ly
Dear Ms. Ly,
Attached please find my comments for the Noise Element May 2019 draft, which is an appendix to the Noise EIR.

Gregory Samaras
Gregory Samaras
700 E. Ocean Blvd, #2608
Long Beach, CA 90802
June 12, 2019
Re: The Long Beach Noise Element May 2019 draft
Dear Long Beach Development Services Staff Tatum, Koontz, Diefenderfer, Ly, and Spindler; Long Beach Department of Health Directors Colopy and Kerr; Design Group Principal Bathgate;
I am a downtown Long Beach resident with 28 years of experience as a structures and dynamics engineer with a major aerospace company. I am writing to you to complain about the continuously deteriorating sound levels, duration and frequency of events at the downtown area of Long Beach. It has been almost 4 years and the problem remains unresolved. After talking to numerous representatives from the city, RRM Design Group, and LSA at the Noise Element open to the public meeting on May 30, I am describing the steps needed in order to solve the unacceptable sound and vibration level and duration problem associated with amplified “special events” music and voice events. As such, here are my requests:

I understand that the purpose of the 2040 Noise Element is to provide the updated standards, the measures, the implementation and enforcement procedures for improving the living environment of residents and for continued economic progress. It must include noise control health and safety goals for a cross section of the City, with resolution measures when the goals are found to be in conflict with each other. For instance, most residents should be able to enjoy a quiet subdued lifestyle, while others should be able to seek the active lifestyle of boat racing, parties, indoor –outdoor socializing, and another group to pursue production, trade, and growth.

1. Specify noise limits for residential areas. The 1975 Noise Element specified daytime and night-time noise limits for residential areas. The lack of specific noise limits for residential areas in the May 2019 draft is unacceptable. [See page 137 of the 1975 Noise Element.]

2. Define and limit “special” events. Restrict the exempted events to 2-3 a year specifically designated events that can exceed the noise level standards. (Just the Grand Prix and the Gay Pride parade alone last a few weeks, with set up and tear down lasting months.)
Gregory Samaras, re: Long Beach Noise Element May 2019 Draft 2 a. The exempted events should also be permitted with sound levels, locations, and duration.
b. Specify the maximum number of hours per day and the maximum number of days per year where outdoor entertainment is allowed to exceed the city’s residential noise limit.
c. Specify that the sound level is to be measured at the balconies/windows with windows in seasonal configurations. (This is to minimize the residents’ frequency of exposure and length of exposure to excessive noise, which is a factor in the negative health effects of excessive noise.) d. The locations of events should be chosen to be the furthest away from the adjacent residences.
e. The speaker orientation should be directed away from the residences and live aboard boats in the Harbor.

3. Set Measurements.
a. Measure the specified level at the residents’ balconies. b. If the level of the source is listed in the tables, then a correlation of the test results of the source location and the nearest residents’ balcony should be used to achieve desired results.
c. The City should coordinate with RRM Design Group the testing procedure to include appropriate locations, interpretation of results and proper correlation of sound levels. Sound test measurements will be meaningless if the measurements are not taken in at least two sets of locations: sound source (at stage) and at closest residents balconies. The sources should be identified by location and distance relative to closest residences. These measurements should be correlated and used in the event permit.
d. The City should coordinate with LSA the appropriate sound levels, duration, frequency of events and the number of events exempted from normally allowed levels not to exceed few a year (2-3)
e. If healthy sound levels cannot be achieved at the residents’ balconies, then an abatement method should be used

4. Define “acoustical neighborhoods” for outdoor entertainment. Defining acoustical neighborhoods is a pre-requisite for planning for environmental justice. This will ensure that exceptions are equitably distributed across acoustical neighborhoods within the city. This will stop the hazards to people who are involuntarily exposed in their homes to city-permitted excessive amplified noise from outdoor entertainment Gregory Samaras, re: Long Beach Noise Element May 2019 Draft 3 in their acoustical neighborhoods, in 2018 as much as 26 days, often up to 12 hours a day, between March 20 and Oct 7.

Example: All locations downtown should be counted as one event location for downtown/waterfront and should be coordinated by one source. For example, Alamitos Beach, Shoreline Drive, Convention Center parking lot, Marina Green, Rainbow Lagoon, and the Harry Bridges Memorial Park are different venues but one acoustical area for people living adjacent to these event locations. If there is excessive outdoor entertainment noise from Alamitos Beach one weekend, from Shoreline Drive the next weekend, and so forth, at the end of six weeks, although on paper it appears the events are being evenly distributed, in fact the excessive noise would disturb adjacent residents for six weekends, not just one weekend.

5. Set noise level standards as a condition in all event permits. Keep in mind:
a. Permits should specify the noise level allowed at the residents balconies, duration of event in hours permitted, duration of event if more than one day, and location
b. Keep in mind:
i. “Any outdoor level exceeding 65-70 dBA is likely to generate vigorous public complaints.” [Handbook of Noise Measurement, Seventh Edition, 1972, Peterson, Arnold, P.G., and Gross, Ervin E. Jr. [1975 Noise Element (page 133)]
ii. Prolonged exposure to noise louder than 75 decibels and noise that disrupts sleep have serious negative health consequences including increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, vasoconstriction, changes in respiration, and cardiac arrhythmia.
c. Specify limits on Decibel C volume. Decibel C was not a significant element in outdoor entertainment in 1975 but it is now. People are forced out of their homes multiple times a year—sometimes multiple times a month—by amplified bass vibrations from city-permitted entertainment events to protect themselves from the relentless bass harming them physiologically. Those who don’t have the ability to leave are trapped in a very unhealthy situation. d. Be consistent with the California General Plan Guidelines which state that it is normally unacceptable to build new buildings in residential areas where noise is from 70 to 75 decibels and clearly unacceptable in residential areas where noise is over 75 decibels. Therefore it should be unacceptable to allow events to intrude into the residential areas at 70 dBA noise levels. The standards for Gregory Samaras, re: Long Beach Noise Element May 2019 Draft 4 living in residential areas should be consistent with standards for building new buildings in the same areas.
e. Prohibit nighttime set up and take down of temporary outdoor entertainment facilities. People whose homes face the event venues frequently have their sleep disrupted by the sounds of back-up alarms and steel clanging against steel as workers set up and take down outdoor entertainment facilities during the night.

6. Include ambient noise level and conflict resolutions for different adjacent land use: “At the boundary line between two zones, the presumed ambient noise level of the quieter zone shall be used.” [page 200, 1975 Noise Element.] The lowest level of noise must be enforced when conflict exists to ensure that one group does not suffer noise hazards caused by another. “

7. Identify a responsible person for coordination of all events and a method to enforce the law. Splitting the permission process between different event coordinators will only allow for misinterpreting the city noise allowance.

8. Specify timely enforcement of noise limits on excessive outdoor entertainment noise.

9. Include community leaders of the downtown residents in the solution and the permission process.

10. Conform LBMC 8.80.280 to the above for “occasional” outdoor entertainment noise exceptions to the above.

Let us build on the underlying philosophy of the 1975 Noise Element, stating that: ‘…no significant increase in the ambient noise level in Long Beach should be permitted, and that efforts should be continued to effect measures which will reduce or minimize existing noise levels. This we believe is the line of defense which must be held if we are to be spared the cacophony too often associated with modern technology…” [1975 Noise Element, page iv.] Sincerely,
Gregory Samaras
1 Jennifer Ly
From: LINDA SCHOLL <[email protected]>
Sent: Saturday, June 15, 2019 8:51 PM
To: Tasha Day
Cc: Jeannine Pearce; [email protected]; Tom Modica; Linda Tatum; Jennifer Ly; Christopher Koontz; Robert Fox
Subject: turn down the dew tour volume!
Attachments: IMG_4795.JPG; ATT00001.txt
Tasha,
This is irresponsible. You’ve allowed them to FBomb the public and residents and blow us out of our homes again! We’ve all called multiple time from people who live at multiple buildings to the hotline. Yet the noise continues. Please stop this harassment and comply with the law.

Linda Scholl
700 E. Ocean Blvd.

PUBLIC SCOPING MEETING - EIR COMMENTS ONLY

GENERAL PLAN NOISE ELEMENT PROJECT
Thursday May 30, 2019
NAME: -Phil Dandridge-----------
ADDRESS:850 E Ocean Blvd CITY: Long Beach
ZIP: 90802 _
EMAILADDRESS: [email protected]
REPRESENTING:

Do you wish to be added to the project mailing list ? XYES The purpose of this comment card is to solicit input regarding the scope and content of the Environmental Impact Report (EIR). Please submit comments for the record that pertain to the environmental issues to be addressed in the EIR (please print).
ment per comment form)
The EIR has extensive city-wide measurements of existing noise from traffic, but no measurement of the impact of city-permitted outdoor entertainment noise on residents whose homes are impacted by various events and or concerts. Any noise ordinance needs to be all encompassing and not be limited to traffic. The EIR needs to be modified to address the impact of the noise generated by Special Events on Long Beach residents. With very limited exclusions, all Special Events should be held to safe noise levels and in no circumstances should the exclusion be allowed past 9:00pm.

The EIR fails to underscore the need for consistent and prompt enforcement of all existing and future noise limits. Currently many, if not all, of the traffic noise limitations are unenforced.

Strategy 10 of section 2.4.2 on page 2-7 needs to specifically address noise from helicopters in areas away from airports. I would suggest an altitude limit for the airspace over Long Beach of no less than 5,000 feet unless a police or fire helicopter is responding to an active emergency.

Strategy 14 of section 2.4.2 on page 2-7 is not correct. When resident’s health is at risk there shouldn’t be a balancing of the needs of a Special event with health concerns. Long Beach has a duty is to protect its citizens; the desires of Special Events need to be secondary to this duty.

Strategy 16 of Section 2.4.2 on page 2-8 should be revised to require active, onsite, real-time enforcement of noise regulation at Special Events.

Section 2.4.4.4 on page 2-12, should be revised to specifically include events at the Long Beach Convention and Entertainment Center.

Please comment by June 17, 2019
Please drop comments in the Comment Box or mail them to:

City of Long Beach
Att ent ion : Jennifer Ly, Planner
333 West Ocean Boulevard, Fifth Floor
Long Beach, California 90802
Phone: (562) 570-6368
Email: [email protected]
1 Jennifer Ly
From: [email protected]
Sent: Sunday, June 16, 2019 9:41 PM
To: Jennifer Ly
Cc: '[email protected]'
Subject: Long Beach Noise Element suggestion
Dear Jennifer
My comments are specifically directed to the Noise Element, last updated in 1975.

It is high time that the restriction of sound levels emanating from motor vehicles on our streets has been neglected.

Either the law enforcement agencies assigned to control excessive noise is undermanned or, they lack suitable monitoring equipment. Since about 1975, our country has embraced the European style of of curbside dining. About that same time, Long Beach Business Administration encouraged this style of dining in Belmont Shore and elsewhere by permitting restaurants to encroach on the sidewalks with chairs and tables to facilitate this trend. Where before, dining inside, street sounds were muted. Now, the outside street sounds are at times ‐ unbearable! The cause of excess sound are the few motorcyclists and hotrod owners vying for attention by revving or otherwise modifying their engines to produce excessive noise! My request is for the city to lower the sound emission standards, specially in high density and curbside dining zones.The owners of vehicles producing noise in excess of adopted standards would be subject to punitive fines.

As an addendum to this suggestion, I would propose that the city install sound sensors and cameras in high density, curbside dining areas to photograph vehicles emanating excessive noise. Confrontation with law enforcement agents and/or impounding of suspect vehicles, would definitely deter further noisy joy rides.

Sincerely,
Laurence Gresko
159 Santa Ana Ave,
Long Beach, CA 90803

1 Jennifer Ly
From: Moustafa, Margaret <[email protected]> Sent: Sunday, June 16, 2019 10:35 PM
To: LBDS-EIR-Comments
Subject: EIR Initial Study General Plan Noise Element: ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE (page 2-12)
The EIR needs to clearly specify how the city will achieve environmental equity and social justice when it comes to outdoor entertainment noise.

Social Justice means that if a city permits a multi‐family residential building to be built and people buy a unit in the building and live in it and pay property taxes for it, that the city will honor residential noise limits for the area in which the building exists as long as the building exists. It does not mean that the city will, several years after it has permitted buildings to be built, pass an ordinance such as LBMC 8.80.280 that says that the city’s noise limits don’t apply as long as the city permits it to not apply and then proceed to inflict frequent, prolonged, excessive noise from outdoor entertainment on people in their homes that is a threat to their health and wellbeing.

Social just means that a city does not permit a building such as the building at 700 East Ocean Blvd. with almost all glass exterior to be built and then allow it to be subjected to excessive sound vibrations.

Social justice means that a city does not “balance” the “needs” of outdoor entertainment with the health needs of its residents. Social justice means the city PROTECTS its residents while permitting outdoor entertainment. Social justice means that the city permits only outdoor entertainment that does not harm people in nearby homes. It means, if a city can’t protect its residents from excessive noise from a given outdoor entertainment near residences, the city does not permit that entertainment in that area.

Environmental Equity means that exceptions to residential noise limits (such as an exception for a parade) be equal for each acoustical neighborhood across the city. As shown in the attachment, in 2018, the acoustical neighborhood consisting of Alamitos Beach/Shoreline Drive/the Convention Center parking lot/Marina Green/ Rainbow Lagoon/Harry Bridges Memorial Park experienced 26 days between March 20 and Oct 7 where people living on East Ocean Blvd downtown were involuntarily exposed in their homes to city‐permitted excessive amplified sounds from outdoor entertainment, often up to 12 hours a day each day, often several days in a row. Is there any other acoustical neighborhood in the city that suffered so much? Failing such specifications the city will not have environmetal equity and social justice.

Dr. Margaret Heiss Moustafa
850 East Ocean Blvd, #1601, Long Beach, 90802
714) 395‐4536
Outdoor Entertainment Events
Permitted Near Residences on East Ocean Blvd Downtown 2018 From March 20 to October 12, 2018
1 Events permitted before 7:00 a.m. and after 10:00 p.m. near East Ocean Blvd or after 11:00 near the Queen Mary are highlighted in the 2nd and 3rd column.

Events that have impacted residences with excessive noise are highlighted in the last column.

Day From To Date Location Event
Tuesday 10:00 p.m. Mar 20 Convention Center parking
lot
The Cove
Tuesday 10:00 p.m. Mar 27 Convention Center parking
lot
The Cove
Friday April 13 Shoreline Drive The Grand Prix
Saturday April 14 Shoreline Drive The Grand Prix
Sunday April 15 Shoreline Drive The Grand Prix
Saturday 11 a.m. 11:00 p.m. April 28 Harry Bridges Memorial Park & Queen Mary parking lot
Smokers Club Show
Sunday 11 a.m. 11:00 p.m. April 29 Harry Bridges Memorial Park & Queen Mary parking lot
Smokers Club Show
Sunday 11 a.m. 6:00 p.m. April 29 Shoreline Park Dutch King’s Day Monday 3:00 a.m. April 30 Convention Center parking
lot
Take-down from
Dutch King’s Day
Saturday 9 a.m. 3:00 p.m. May 5 Marina Green Toyota Fest Saturday 2 p.m. 11:59 p.m. May 5 Queen Mary Sea Walk, Valet Lots & Area 6
Freestyle Festival
Sunday 8 a.m. 10:00 a.m. May 6 Shoreline Park Race with a View Sunday 9 a.m. 11:30 a.m. May 6 Alamitos Bay Sensa
Saturday 6 a.m. 6:00 p.m. May 12 Marina Green Tour of Long Beach Saturday 2 p.m. 10:00 p.m. May 12 Shoreline Park Long Beach Music Fest Sunday 2 p.m. 10:00 p.m. May 13 Shoreline Park Long Beach Music Fest SundayMonday10:00
p.m.
4:00 a.m. May
13-14
Shoreline Park Take-down from
Long Beach Music Fest
Friday 11 a.m. 10:30 p.m. May 18 Marina Green/ Rainbow
Lagoon
Lesbian & Gay Pride
Celebration & Parade
Saturday 11 a.m. 10:30 p.m. May 19 Marina Green/ Rainbow Lagoon
Lesbian & Gay Pride
Celebration & Parade
Sunday 11 a.m. 10:30 p.m. May 20 Marina Green/ Rainbow
Lagoon
Lesbian & Gay Pride
Celebration & Parade
Outdoor Entertainment Events
Permitted Near Residences on East Ocean Blvd Downtown 2018 From March 20 to October 12, 2018
2 SundayMonday11:00
p.m.
8:00 a.m. May
20-21
Marina Green/Rainbow
Lagoon
Take-down from the
Pride Festival
Saturday 9 a.m. 3:00 p.m. June 2 Marina Greens Toyota Fest Sunday 6 a.m. 4:00 p.m. June 3 Shoreline Park Los Angeles River Ride Saturday 7 a.m. 2:00 p.m. June 9 Shoreline Park Champions Run for Life, Torch Run
Saturday 9 a.m. 12:00 p.m. June 9 Marina Green Walk for hearing Saturday 11 a.m. 11:00 p.m. June 9 Harry Bridges Memorial Park & Queen Mary parking lot
Smoking Grooves R&B
Event
Sunday 10 a.m. 7:00 p.m. June 10 Rainbow Lagoon Dia de San Juan Festival Saturday 7 a.m. 10:00 p.m. June 23 Shoreline Park Zero Prostate Cancer Run Saturday 11 a.m. 9:00 p.m. June 23 Harry Bridges Memorial Park Thirty-Second Annual Bayou Festival
Sunday 11 a.m. 9:00 p.m. June 24 Harry Bridges Memorial Park Thirty-Second Annual Bayou Festival
Thursday 11 a.m. 6:00 p.m. June 28 LB Convention Center & Rainbow Lagoon
Dew Tour
Friday 11 a.m. 9:00 p.m. June 29 LB Convention Center & Rainbow Lagoon
Dew Tour
Saturday 11 a.m. 8:00 p.m. June 30 LB Convention Center & Rainbow Lagoon
Dew Tour
Saturday 10 a.m. 10:00 a.m. June 30 Shoreline Park Pirate Invasion Saturday 10 a.m. 9:00 p.m. June 30 Shoreline Village Marina Pirate Festival Sunday 10 a.m. 10:00 p.m. July 1 Shoreline Park Pirate Invasion Sunday 10 a.m. 9:00 p.m. July 1 Shoreline Village Marina Pirate Festival Sunday 11 a.m. 4:00 p.m. July 1 LB Convention Center &
Rainbow Lagoon
Dew Tour
Sunday 10 p.m. all night? July 1-2 LB Convention Center parking lot
Take-down from the
Dew Tour
Wednesday 10 a.m. 10:00 p.m. July 4 Queen Mary Queen Mary – All American 4th of July
Saturday 11 a.m. 11:00 p.m. July 7 Harry Bridges Park, Catalina lot & parking lots A9-A15
Summertime in the LBC
Sunday 10:00 7:00 p.m. July 8 Marina Green Long Beach Gospel Fest Saturday 2 p.m. 10:00 p.m. July 14 Shoreline Park Reggie Island Music Festival
Outdoor Entertainment Events
Permitted Near Residences on East Ocean Blvd Downtown 2018 From March 20 to October 12, 2018
3 Saturday 2 p.m. 10:00 p.m. July 21 Alamitos Beach Kaskade Sun Soaked 2018
Saturday 9:45 p.m. 10:00 p.m. July 21 Alamitos Beach Fireworks Friday 5 p.m. 11:00 p.m. July 27 Rainbow Lagoon Long Beach Crawfish Festival
Saturday 10 a.m. 10:00 p.m. July 28 Shoreline Park Love Long Beach Celebration
Sunday 10 a.m. 10:00 p.m. July 29 Shoreline Park Love Long Beach Celebration
Saturday 9 a.m. 6:00 p.m. Aug 4 Alamitos Beach Copa Cabana Beach Soccer Tournament
Saturday 10 a.m. 3:00 p.m. Aug 4 Rainbow Lagoon Beach City Brunch Sunday 9 a.m. 6:00 p.m. Aug 5 Alamitos Beach Copa Cabana Beach Soccer Tournament
Friday 5 p.m. 10:30 p.m. Aug 10 Rainbow Lagoon Long Beach Jazz Festival Saturday 11 a.m. 10:30 p.m. Aug 11 Rainbow Lagoon Long Beach Jazz Festival Sunday 11 a.m. 10:30 p.m. Aug 12 Rainbow Lagoon Long Beach Jazz Festival Sunday 11 a.m. 11:00 p.m. Aug 12 Harry Bridges Memorial Park & Queen Mary parking lot
Alt Summer Camp
Saturday 11 a.m. 11:00 p.m. Aug 18 Harry Bridges Memorial Park & Queen Mary parking lot
Corridos, Micheladas &
Mariscos Festival
Saturday 12 p.m. 11:00 p.m. Aug 18 Rainbow Lagoon LB BBQ Festival Sunday 12 p.m. 11:00 p.m. Aug 19 Rainbow Lagoon LB BBQ Festival Wednesday 9 p.m. 9:15 p.m. Aug 29 Fireworks from
Taste of Downtown
Long Beach
Friday 5 p.m. 11:00 p.m. Sept 7 Rainbow Lagoon LB Lobster Festival Saturday 12 p.m. 11:00 p.m. Sept 8 Rainbow Lagoon LB Lobster Festival Sunday 12 p.m. 11:00 p.m. Sept 9 Rainbow Lagoon LB Lobster Festival Saturday 8:30 a.m. 2:00 p.m. Sept 15 Shoreline Park The Butterfly Walk/Run & Fluitter
Sunday 7 a.m. 11:00 p.m. Sept 16 Shoreline Park Aloha Run Saturday 9 a.m. 3:00 p.m. Sept 22 Marina Green Japanese Classic Car Show
Set-up at 5:30 a.m.

Saturday 9 a.m. 11:00 a.m. Sept 22 Rainbow Lagoon Los Angeles Heart Walk Outdoor Entertainment Events
Permitted Near Residences on East Ocean Blvd Downtown 2018 From March 20 to October 12, 2018
4 Monday 9:45 p.m. 10:00 p.m. Sept 24 Queen Mary? Unannounced fireworks
Friday late
afternoon
Sept 28 Marina Green Set-up for
Music Tastes Good
Saturday ? 10:00 p.m. Sept 29 Marina Green Music Tastes Good Sunday ? 10:00 p.m. Sept 30 Marina Green Music Tastes Good Saturday 6 a.m. 6:00 p.m. Oct 6 Marina Green, Shoreline Village & city streets
Jetblue Long Beach
Marathon
Sunday 6 a.m.
5:30 a.m.
6:00 p.m. Oct 7 Marina Green, Shoreline
Village & city streets
Jetblue Long Beach
Marathon
Sunday 10 a.m. 5:30 p.m. Oct 14 Rainbow Lagoon Pagan Pride Day LA/OC Saturday 7 a.m. 12:00 p.m. Oct 20 Shoreline Park Strides for Disability Saturday 8 a.m. 12:00 p.m. Oct 27 Shoreline Park The Children’s Clinic Beach Walk
Saturday 3 p.m. 10:00 p.m. Oct 27 Shoreline Village & Shoreline Park
Long Beach Zombie
Walk
Saturday ? ? Nov 3 Harry Bridges Park, Catalina
lot & parking lots A9-A15
Tropicalia Music and
Taco Festival
Sunday ? ? Nov 4 Harry Bridges Park, Catalina
lot & parking lots A9-A15
Tropicalia Music and
Taco Festival
Saturday 7:30
a.m.
11:00 a.m. Dec 1 Marina Green Parking Be the Match Walk/Run Monday 7 p.m. 1:00 a.m. Dec 31 Queen Mary Past and Present New Year’s Eve
1 Jennifer Ly
From: Moustafa, Margaret <[email protected]> Sent: Sunday, June 16, 2019 8:35 PM
To: LBDS-EIR-Comments
Cc: Robert Garcia; Jeannine Pearce; Suzie Price; Patrick West; [email protected]; Linda Tatum; Christopher Koontz; Kelly Colopy; Nelson Kerr
Subject: EIR Initial Study General Plan Noise Element: EXISTING SOURCES OF NOISE Attachments: 2018 decible readings.pptx
In listing the existing major sources of noise (page 2‐17), the EIR Initial Study lists freeways, the metro line, and freight lines but fails to include city‐permitted excessive outdoor entertainment noise.

This is no small failure. As can be seen in the attached, significant numbers of residents whose homes face outdoor entertainment venues are frequently exposed involuntarily in their own homes to prolonged excessive outdoor entertainment noise. This noise is far greater than the ambient downtown noise. Excessive outdoor entertainment noise exposes us involuntarily in our homes to noise greater than is allowed in the industrial area of Long Beach for more hours/per day than people work. It often drives us from our homes to protect ourselves from the bass sounds distressing us in our homes. “Exposure to high noise levels affects the entire [human physiological] system, with prolonged noise exposure in excess of 75 dBA increasing body tensions and thereby affecting blood pressure and functions of the heart and the nervous system.” Sleep disruptions also have negative effects on health as well as decrease daytime productivity. (General Plan Noise Element Update, Feb 2018, page 1‐6, and the Noise Element General Plan Public Review Draft, May 2019, page

34.)
Therefore, the EIR must:

1. 1) List outdoor entertainment noise as a major source of noise, just as it does freeways, the Metro Line, and freight lines.

2. 2) Include measurements, especially dBC measurements, of city‐permitted outdoor entertainment noise by the time it reaches the windows of residences facing outdoor entertainment venues with the windows in seasonal configuration.

The EIR has extensive measurements of transportation noise. It should do no less for outdoor entertainment noise. In taking measurements, it is especially important to take dBC (bass) measurements, as dBC vibrations are the most distressful to residents.

3. 3) Set maximum allowable noise exposure standards for outdoor entertainment noise by the time it reaches the windows in seasonal configuration of residences that face outdoor entertainment venues. The EIR sets standards for transportation (page 2‐11). California sets standards for building codes (Noise Element Update, Feb 2018, page 2‐5, and Noise Element Public Review Draft, May 2019, page 13.) The EIR should do no less for outdoor entertainment noise. In setting standards for entertainment noise by the time it reaches the windows of residences that face outdoor entertainment venues, the city should be mindful of the State’s building code which says that it is normally UNacceptable to build buildings in residential areas where the ambient noise is greater than 70 dBA. It should also be mindful that the high‐density, high‐rise buildings at 600, 700, and 800 East Ocean were built many years before LBMC

8.80.280 (which says that the city’s noise laws don’t apply to outdoor entertainment if the city permits it) was enacted and that these buildings are so old they cannot be air conditioned.

4. 4) Study the noise impact (steel hitting steel, back‐up alarms, etc.) of nighttime set up and take down of facilities for outdoor entertainment on the sleep of residents in adjacent buildings. 2 Set 5) Set enforceable restrictions on such nighttime noise‐producing activity.

Absent these measures, Long Beach will be in violation of California Noise Law 46000 that says, "All Californians are entitled to an environment without the intrusion of noise which may be hazardous to their health or welfare."
Dr. Margaret Heiss Moustafa
805 East Ocean Blvd., # 1601, Long Beach, 90802
714) 395‐4536
2018
Decibel Readings of
City Permitted Amplified Entertainment Noise
in Long Beach, California
measured at 488, 600, 700, and 850 East Ocean Blvd.
where the noise limit is
60 db. from 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. and 55 db. from 10:00 p. m. to 7:00 a.m.

On the decibel scale:
70 db. is 2 times louder than 60 db. 65 db. is 2 times louder than 55 db. 80 db. is 4 times louder than 60 db. 75 db. is 4 times louder than 55 db. 90 db. is 8 times louder than 60 db. 85 db. is 8 times louder than 55 db.

Hundreds of residences
on East Ocean Boulevard

SPECIAL EVENT VENUES
• Alamitos Beach
• Shoreline Drive
• Convention Center Parking Lot
• Queen Mary and
Harry Bridges Memorial Park
• Marina Green
• Rainbow Lagoon
Tuesday, 6:39 p.m.

March 27, 2018
Amplified sound from The Cove
at the Convention Center parking lot
3 + times
the noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

It lasted until 10:00 p.m. on a work night.

Saturday, 2:12 p.m.

April 14, 2018
Noise from the Grand Prix
at Shoreline Drive
18 times
the noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Sunday morning, 8:17 a.m.

April 22, 2018
Noise from taking down facilities
from the Grand Prix
at Shoreline Drive
2 times
the noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Sunday night, 10:30 p.m.

April 29, 2018
Amplified sound from the Smokers Club Show
at the Queen Mary parking lot &
the Harry Bridges Memorial Park
4 times the
night time noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

It lasted until 11:00 p.m. on a work night.

Monday morning, 3:31 a.m.

April 30, 2018
Noise from taking down facilities
from Dutch King’s Night
at the Convention Center parking lot
9 times the
night time noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.
on a work night.

Saturday, 10:55 a.m.

May 12, 2018
Amplified sound from
the Long Beach Music Fest
at Shoreline Park
2 times
the time noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Friday, 5:21 p.m.

May 18, 2018
Amplified sound from the Pride Festival
at the Marina Green and Rainbow Lagoon
4 times
the noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Saturday, 10:55 a.m.

May 19, 2018
Amplified sound from the Pride Festival
at the Marina Green and Rainbow Lagoon
2 times
the noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Saturday, 2:52 p.m.

May 19, 2018
Amplified sound from the Pride Festival
at the Marina Green and Rainbow Lagoon
5 + times
the noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Saturday, 6:09 p.m.

May 19, 2018
Amplified sound from the Pride Festival
at the Marina Green and Rainbow Lagoon
5 times
the noise limit
with a peak of 120 db.
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Saturday, 9:09 p.m.

May 19, 2018
Amplified sound from the Pride Festival
at the Marina Green and Rainbow Lagoon
5 + times
the noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Sunday, 4:53 p.m.

May 20, 2018
Amplified sound from the Pride Festival
at the Marina Green and Rainbow Lagoon
5 times
the noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Sunday, 9:18 p.m.

May 20, 2018
Amplified sound from the Pride Festival
at the Marina Green and Rainbow Lagoon
4 + times
the noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

It lasted until 10:30 p.m. on a work night.

Monday, 1:06 a.m.

May 21, 2018
Noise from taking down facilities
from the Pride Festival
at the Marina Green and Rainbow Lagoon
3 times the
night time noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.
on a work night.

Monday, 7:46 a.m.

May 21, 2018
Noise from taking down facilities
from the Pride Festival
at the Marina Green and Rainbow Lagoon
4 + times
the noise limit
it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.
following all-day, all-night excessive noise
Sunday, 2:07 p.m.

June 10, 2018
Amplified sound from the
Dia de San Juan Festival
at the Rainbow Lagoon
8 times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Saturday, 10:19 p.m.

June 16, 2018
Amplified sound from an unknown source
5 times the
night time noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Saturday, 7:02 p.m.

June 23, 2018
Amplified sound from the Bayou Festival
at the Harry Bridges Memorial Park
4 + times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Sunday, 11:33 p.m.

July 1, 2018
Noise from taking down facilities
from the Dew Festival
at the Convention Center parking lot
3 times the
night time noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.
on a work night.

Saturday, 11:07 p.m.

July 7, 2018
Amplified sound from
Summertime in the LBC
at the Harry Bridges Memorial Park, Catalina
lot & parking lots A19-A15
3 times the
night time noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.
on a work night.

Saturday, 6:20 p.m.

July 21, 2018
Amplified sound from the
Kaskade Sun Soaked Concert at
Alamitos Beach
8 + times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Saturday, 8:25 p.m.

July 21, 2018
Amplified sound from the
Kaskade Sun Soaked Concert at
Alamitos Beach
8 + times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

The Kaskade Sun Soaked Concert ended with a fireworks
display over the heads of concert attendees.

Residents had no warning there would be fireworks and,
consequently, were not able to protect their pets from
the trauma of the firework sounds as they would have if they had been warned.

Saturday, 10:25 p.m.

July 21, 2018
Traffic noise from attendees leaving the
Kaskade Sun Soaked Concert
at Alamitos Beach

1.5 times the
night time noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Friday, 9:30 p.m.

July 27, 2018
Amplified sound from the
Long Beach Crawfish Festival at
Rainbow Lagoon
2 + times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Saturday, 8:46 p.m.

July 28, 2018
Amplified sound from the
Love Long Beach Celebration at
Shoreline Park
3 + times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Sunday, 8:04 p.m.

July 29, 2018
Amplified sound from the
Love Long Beach Celebration at
Shoreline Park
3 times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Friday, 8:15 p.m.

August 10, 2018
Amplified sound from the
Long Beach Jazz Festival at
Rainbow Lagoon
4 times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Saturday, 2:51 p.m.

August 11, 2018
Amplified sound from the
Long Beach Jazz Festival at
Rainbow Lagoon
4 times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Saturday, 4:46 p.m.

August 11, 2018
Amplified sound from the
Long Beach Jazz Festival at
Rainbow Lagoon
4 times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Saturday, 9:38 p.m.

August 11, 2018
Amplified sound from the
Long Beach Jazz Festival at
Rainbow Lagoon
4 times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Sunday, 1:03 p.m.

August 12, 2018
Amplified sound from the
Long Beach Jazz Festival at
Rainbow Lagoon
6 times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Sunday, 7:52 p.m.

August 12, 2018
Amplified sound from the
Long Beach Jazz Festival at
Rainbow Lagoon
6 + times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Sunday, 8:54 p.m.

August 12, 2018
Amplified sound from the
Long Beach Jazz Festival at
Rainbow Lagoon
6 times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

On August 29, the Taste of Downtown Long Beach
ended with fireworks. Residents had no warning there
would be fireworks.

Consequently, some residents who could hear the
sounds but not see the fireworks because of where they
happened to be at the time were terrified, fearing the
sounds were gunfire.

Again on Monday, Sept. 24, there were unannounced
fireworks from an unknown source.

Saturday, 5:31 a.m.

September 22, 2018
Amplified sound from setting up for the
Japanese Classic Car Show at
the Marina Green

1.5 times the
night time noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Saturday, 11:51 a.m.

September 29, 2018
Amplified sound from
Music Tastes Good at the
Marina Green
4 times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Saturday, 3:03 p.m.

September 29, 2018
Amplified sound from
Music Tastes Good at the
Marina Green
6 times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Saturday, 6:51 p.m.

September 29, 2018
Amplified sound from
Music Tastes Good at the
Marina Green
6 times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Saturday, 9:21 p.m.

September 29, 2018
Amplified sound from
Music Tastes Good at the
Marina Green
8 times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Sunday, 4:15 p.m.

September 30, 2018
Amplified sound from
Music Tastes Good at the
Marina Green
8 times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Sunday, 7:22 p.m.

September 30, 2018
Amplified sound from
Music Tastes Good at the
Marina Green
6 times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Sunday, 5:29 a.m.

October 7, 2018
Sound from the
Jetblue Long Beach Marathon on
Shoreline Drive
almost 2 times the
night time noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.

Sunday, 9:45 a.m.

October 7, 2018
Amplified sound from the
Jetblue Long Beach Marathon on the
Marina Green and Shoreline Dr.
2 + times the
noise limit
when it reached residences
on East Ocean Blvd.
1 Jennifer Ly
From: Moustafa, Margaret <[email protected]> Sent: Sunday, June 16, 2019 10:41 PM
To: LBDS-EIR-Comments
Cc: Robert Garcia; Jeannine Pearce; Patrick West; Linda Tatum; Christopher Koontz Subject: EIR Initial Study General Plan Noise Element: ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE (page 2-12)
Attachments: 2018 Special Events permitted near residences on East Ocean downtown.docx The EIR needs to clearly specify how the city will achieve environmental equity and social justice when it comes to outdoor entertainment noise.

Dr. Margaret Heiss Moustafa
850 East Ocean Blvd, #1601, Long Beach, 90802
714) 395‐4536

1 Jennifer Ly
From: Genny Hulbrock <[email protected]>
Sent: Monday, June 17, 2019 3:53 PM
To: Jennifer Ly; lbds@long beach.gov
Subject: Noise Element Input
Jennifer and the LB Development Services Department
Special Events section, page 52
..., however, with residents living in close proximity to these (special) events, ensuring managed frequency and intensity of the noise from these events is a priority for the City. Long Beach strives for an informed, balanced approach to managing the needs of these events while continuing to prioritize the wellbeing of residents.

Thank you for clearly stating that managing special event noise and the wellbeing of residents are both a priority. As the noise element states, noises emanating from the port, various watercraft, freeways, streets and the airport are big factors in Long Beach. We don't need to add to that! Enough is enough.

Thank you,
Genny Hulbrock, Long Beach
1 Jennifer Ly
From: diana lejins <[email protected]>
Sent: Friday, May 31, 2019 5:29 PM
To: Jennifer Ly
Cc: diana lejins
Subject: Noise element of Long Beach General plant
Dear Jennifer and to whomever it may concern,
I am writing this note because I'm unable to make tonight's meeting. I truly appreciate your efforts on this noise element for the Long Beach City General plan.

I was especially pleased to see the section on barking dogs. However, I have unfortunately had some recent experiences with the Barking Dog issue.

About two years ago one of my neighbors adopted a dog and does not seem to have the capacity to train their dog properly. I complained to the Animal Care Services, and they did come out. However, after several attempts by the ACs, the poor behavior continued. I was asked to get a petition signed by neighbors. While I did get someone else to sign it, they backed off out of fear.

The family who has the dog has harassed me, told many lies, and done many things to make my life as miserable as possible. The worst part of all in this is the husband in this situation is a Long Beach firefighter. As an older senior citizen, I am also faced with the fact that should I have an emergency, he could be called to my home. The stations where he works service my property.

I now have to live in fear and my health has deteriorated greatly because of the situation. I believe that this is no less than elder abuse.

There needs to be a better way. It's great to have laws on the books, but if they can't be enforced what good are they.

Forcing someone to go out and get petitions signed only puts them in grave Jeopardy. That doesn't happen with any other crime. My suggestion is that the enforcement be moved to noise abatement in environmental health and that enforcement procedures are more user‐friendly.

Your comments and suggestions are greatly appreciated. You may reach me by phone at 562 421 8012.

Diana Lejins
Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android
1 Jennifer Ly
From: [email protected]
Sent: Monday, June 17, 2019 3:24 PM
To: Jennifer Ly; LBDS
Subject: Noise element draft comments
Hello,
It is my hope that the city will enforce the noise limits on bars and restaurants.

Also, I have noticed that the city hasn't always "balanced the needs of special events while prioritizing the well-being of residents." I live three miles away from downtown Long Beach, yet I have had to close my windows to avoid hearing music blaring from the Queen Mary. I can't image how bad the problem is for people who live in downtown Long Beach.

Please enforce the jet skis rules, including no dry starts. And please enforce the boating rules--we have had boat speeding between the oil islands and the beach.

Sincerely,
William Sheehan

PUBLIC SCOPING MEETING - EIR COMMENTS ONLY

GENERAL PLAN NOISE ELEMENT PROJECT
Thursday May 30, 2019
CITY: ZIP: _ -------
NAME Se : _
ADDRESS: _
EMAILADDRESS: _
REPRESENTING: _
Do you wish to be added to the project mailing list? DYES Please drop comments in the Comment Box or mail them to:

City of Long Beach
Attention: Jennifer Ly, Planner
333 West Ocean Boulevard, Fifth Floor
Long Beach, California 90802
Phone: (562) 570-6368
Email: [email protected]
The purpose of this comment card is to solicit input regarding the scope and content of the Environmental Impact Report (EIR). Please submit comments for the record that pertain to the environmental issues to be addressed in the EIR (please print).

Please comment by June 17, 2019
1 Jennifer Ly
From: Dianne Sundstrom <[email protected]>
Sent: Monday, June 17, 2019 4:53 PM
To: Jennifer Ly
Cc: dianne Sundstrom
Subject: Re: Comments on noise element draft
Hi Jennifer,

I didn’t find a link for making comments so I am sending a few directly to you. Hopefully you can include them in the public comments.

First, as I read through the document I felt much of it is rather vague and doesn’t include specific goals.

Some of the noise generating issues I am most concerned with include:

Motorcycle noise
Leaf blowers
Helicopter noise
Special events, especially those on the beach during the summer months. Time limited events, such as the Grand Prix, are events I am willing to endure but the summer events seem to go on non‐stop over several months. I live close to 4th and Park and can hear music from the beach along Ocean during these summer events. The guidelines seem vague — could not an acceptable maximum dBA be identified for these events? Neighborhood noise including loud music and dog barking Specific comments —
Motorcycles ‐ Policy N 6‐7 is very vague. Is it not possible to include specific goals such as citing motorcycles that have illegally removed mufflers?
Leaf blowers ‐ Policy N 16‐6 ‐ a statement is made that suggests promoting conversion to electric leaf blowers. Again, is it not possible to include a goal of having 80% of all leaf blowers used in the City converted to electric by 2025 (or another specific goal)?
Helicopters ‐ N 16‐6 ‐ I have been part of a group working with the helicopter coalition over the last many years and very little sustained outcome has been achieved. A representative from the airport has been actively engaged but I feel that the City has not used its influence in this effort. Again, it would be nice to see more specific goals.

N 16‐2 ‐ I strongly support and encourage development of an app for reporting noise disturbances N 16‐8 ‐ Enforcement will be critical
One last idea ‐ Once this is finalized prepare a mailing that would include the salient points of this ordinance to all residences and businesses in the City.

Thanks for your consideration of my comments.

Regards,
Dianne Sundstrom
2 4507 E Barker Way
562‐221‐5518
> On Jun 17, 2019, at 12:44 PM, Jennifer Ly <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> Hi Dianne,
>
> The public comment period technically ends today 6/17 at 5 pm. Are you able to submit your comment by then? >
> Thank you,
> Jennifer
>
>
> ‐‐‐‐‐Original Message‐‐‐‐‐
> From: Dianne Sundstrom <[email protected]> > Sent: Monday, June 17, 2019 11:57 AM
> To: Jennifer Ly <[email protected]>
> Subject: Comments on noise element draft
>
> Hi Jennifer,
>
> Are comments being accepted through midnight tonight, the 17th? Or does it close earlier? >
> Thanks,
> Dianne
1 Jennifer Ly
From: Moustafa, Margaret <[email protected]> Sent: Monday, June 17, 2019 4:47 PM
To: LBDS-EIR-Comments
Subject: EIR Impact Report Intial Study for the General Noise Plan Noise Element: NOISE MANAGEMENT Attachments: attachment 1, noise element 1975 residential noise limits.pdf; attachment 2, slide on enforcement at the noise element update, Oct 17, 2018.pptx
To protect the health and welfare of all Long Beach residents and to ensure compliance with California Noise Law 46000, the EIR needs to ensure that there are specified maximum noise limits in residential areas in an updated Noise Element. The 1975 Noise Element specified maximum peak noise for residential areas on page 137. (attachment 1) There is no such specification in the Noise Element Public Review Draft of May 2019.

Without enforcement noise limits are meaningless. Therefore, the EIR also needs to ensure that there is real time/same day enforcement of noise laws outlined in the updated Noise Element. Currently the Health Department only responds on weekdays to noise complaints that happen during the weekend and not at all to complaints about excessive noise that the city permits. Special Events has a little‐known afterhours hotline where residents can call in during an event. However, residents speak to a recorder and their complaints have no effect.

Special Events records the complaints in the organizers’ permanent file to, purportedly be addressed the following year. (Attachment 2). Police refuse to respond to complaints about city‐permitted excessive outdoor entertainment noise because of LBMC 8.80.280. This is an untenable situation and needs to be addressed by the EIR.

Dr. Margaret Heiss Moustafa
850 East Ocean Blvd, #1601, Long Beach, 90802
714) 395‐4536

Slide #17 at the Development
Services focus group Oct. 17,
2018 on the updated Noise
Element.
1 Jennifer Ly
From: Moustafa, Margaret <[email protected]> Sent: Monday, June 17, 2019 9:05 AM
To: LBDS-EIR-Comments
Subject: EIR Initial Study for the General Plan Noise Element: SPECIAL EVENTS Special Events is not the only city entity that permits outdoor entertainment with excessive noise that distresses nearby residents. The Convention Center also permits outdoor entertainment with excessive noise. Residents should be protected from excessive noise permitted by the Convention Center, Special Events, and any other present or future city entity that permits outdoor entertainment.

Dr. Margaret Heiss Moustafa
850 East Ocean Blvd, #1601, Long Beach, 90802
714) 395‐4536

From: Jennifer Ly
To: Bathgate, Diane L.; Vournas, Mikaela Z.; Shelby Cramton; Ashley Davis Cc: Patricia Diefenderfer
Subject: FW: LB Noise Element update
Date: Thursday, June 27, 2019 11:34:26 AM
Attachments: image001.png
Ch9Noise.pdf
Hi all,
We had the opportunity to touch base with Metro regarding the Noise Element a couple of weeks ago. Generally, we see operational issues relating to their rail to be in the purview of Metro. Their message is forwarded and please note:

Anticipated increased service frequency on the Blue Line Adjacent Development Handbook, accessible from the link that they provided We are trying to get a sense of whether Metro’s upgrades have positive impacts on noise, and will let you know what we find
For your reference for development of the element.

Thank you,
Jennifer
From: Ling, Shine <[email protected]>
Sent: Tuesday, June 25, 2019 6:33 PM
To: Jennifer Ly <[email protected]>; Patricia Diefenderfer <[email protected]>; Alison Spindler <[email protected]> Cc: Truong, Cassie <[email protected]>
Subject: RE: LB Noise Element update
Hello Patricia, Jennifer, and Alison,
Thanks again for talking with me and Cassie a couple weeks back. I appreciate that we’re able to coordinate and collaborate with your team on the Noise Element and other long range planning efforts. Here’s some follow-up information to our call.

I got some comments from our Rail Operations liaison, Brandon Farley, about the Noise Element language. Like we had said on the phone, the proposed Metro-related policies don’t present any significant concerns for us. We’re not able to make any binding commitments on specific actions at this time but we certainly are open to discussing any options for new technologies that may come up in the future. Brandon noted that much of the noise from Blue Line operations comes from stations and crossings to provide safety related signals to pedestrians and riders. These are directed by California Public Utilities Commission guidance or Metro’s systemwide standards. So not much option to adjust those.

As for data that would input into your technical analysis, here’s what we know about service frequency:

Current: 6-12min headways during weekday commute times. 12min during midday times and weekends. 20min at nights.

Future, depending on ridership levels and resources: 5min headways during weekday commute times, 10min during midday times and weekends. 10-20min at nights. 20-30min during overnight/owl periods.

Finally, here’s a link to our webpage:
https://www.metro.net/projects/devreview/
We’re in the process of updating it with more resources, but there you will find our Adjacent Development Handbook which outlines best practices for projects next to Metro ROW. There’s some information on noise that might prove helpful for your use. I used to work for a city that mandated noise-proofing in new development (see attached), but I’ll defer to your team’s analysis and judgement.

I look forward to working with your team as the plan develops. Any questions please don’t hesitate to contact our team.

Best,
Shine
Shine Ling, AICP
LA Metro
Manager, Transportation Planning
Transit Oriented Communities
213.922.2671
[email protected]
metro.net |facebook.com/losangelesmetro |@metrolosangeles Metro provides excellence in service and support.

From: Jennifer Ly <[email protected]>
Sent: Friday, June 7, 2019 2:29 PM
To: Ling, Shine <[email protected]>
Cc: Patricia Diefenderfer <[email protected]>; Alison Spindler <[email protected]>
Subject: RE: LB Noise Element update
Hi Shine,
I am following up with my voicemail. Thank you for your message regarding the Noise Element, and I look forward to being in touch with you.

While the public comment period for the Initial Study and NOP ends on 6/17/19, as a coordination partner please do be in contact with me directly about any questions and comments you may have up until then and after.

I’ll be in touch next week.

Best,
Jennifer Ly
Planner
Long Beach Development Services | Planning Bureau
333 W. Ocean Blvd. 5th Floor | Long Beach, CA 90802
T 562.570.6368 F 562.570.6068
[email protected]
From: Alison Spindler
Sent: Friday, June 7, 2019 8:43 AM
To: Ling, Shine <[email protected]>
Cc: Jennifer Ly <[email protected]>; Patricia Diefenderfer <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: LB Noise Element update
Shine,
My colleague Jennifer, cc’ed here, is leading on the Noise Element so I’m using this email to connect you two.

Thanks!
Alison
Alison Spindler, AICP
Planner & Budget Specialist
Long Beach Development Services | Planning Bureau
T 562.570.6946 F 562.570.6068
333 West Ocean Blvd., 5th Fl | Long Beach, CA 90802
[email protected] | lbds.longbeach.gov
From: Ling, Shine <[email protected]>
Sent: Thursday, June 6, 2019 4:59:21 PM
To: Alison Spindler
Subject: LB Noise Element update
Hi Alison: Thanks for returning my message. Can we schedule about 15m to discuss? I’ll be in the office today until 6:00p; next week I have these times:

Monday 6/10: 9:00a; 4:00p
Tuesday 6/11: 9:00a; 1:00p
Weds 6/12: 11:30a
I think our areas of interest regarding the Blue Line fall into three categories:

Identifying any data needs that LB has re: Metro rail operations (e.g. service frequency) Clarifying policies/implementation actions calling for coordination with Metro Best practices for new development for noise mitigation It would be great to touch base soon given the NOP comment deadline of 6/17, though I suppose the overall effort will take some time. I look forward to discussing.

Best,
--Shine
Shine Ling, AICP
LA Metro
Manager, Transportation Planning
Transit Oriented Communities
213.922.2671
[email protected]
metro.net |facebook.com/losangelesmetro |@metrolosangeles Metro provides excellence in service and support.

Goleta General Plan/Coastal Land Use Plan 9.0 Noise Element September 2006 9-1
CHAPTER 9.0

NOISE ELEMENT (NE)

9.1 INTRODUCTION
General Plan Law Requirements [GP]
The Noise Element is one of seven general
plan elements mandated by state law. The
scope of the Noise Element is specified in
Section 65302 (f) of the California
Government Code. The element is required
to identify and evaluate noise problems in the
community and must include current and
projected noise contour maps showing the
intensities of noise associated with various sources. These sources include highways and freeways, primary arterials and major local streets, railroad operations, airport operations, industrial plants, and other applicable stationary noise sources. Noise contours are required to be considered in establishing the pattern of land uses in the Land Use Element in a manner that minimizes the exposure of residents to excessive noise. Finally, the Noise Element must include implementation measures and possible solutions that address existing and foreseeable noise problems. The Noise Element is intended to serve as a guideline for compliance with the state’s noise insulation standards.

Coastal Act Requirements [CP]
The California Coastal Act (Coastal Act) does not specifically address noise or noise reduction.

The policies of the Noise Element, while applying throughout the city, are not a part of the City’s Coastal Land Use Plan.

Background
Definition and Measurement of Noise
Noise is an unavoidable aspect of any built environment. Noise is defined as a sound or series of sounds that are perceived as irritating, objectionable, and/or disruptive to the quality of daily life. Levels of noise are measured in decibels (dB) and are typically expressed as A-weighted decibels (dBA). The A-weighted decibel scale adjusts for very high and very low sound frequencies that are inaudible to humans. Noise levels emitted by various sources are often expressed as equivalent energy level (Leq).

Because sound levels at a particular location typically vary over the course of the day and because people tend to be more sensitive to noise in the evening and at night than during the morning and afternoon, sound levels are commonly averaged over a 24-hour period, weighted for night and evening sensitivity, and expressed as either Day-Night Noise Level (Ldn) or Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL). These two expressions of average sound levels are nearly equivalent, and while this Noise Element usually refers to CNEL, standards cited from certain state and federal regulations may use Ldn.

Decibel scales are logarithmic, such that an increase from 30 to 40 dB represents a tenfold increase in sound level, while an increase from 30 to 50 dB represents a hundredfold increase.

Noise Element Policies
NE 1: Noise and Land Use Compatibility Standards
NE 2: Traffic Noise Sources
NE 3: Airport Noise
NE 4: Railway Noise
NE 5: Industrial and Other Point Sources
NE 6: Single-Event and Nuisance Noise
NE 7: Design Criteria to Attenuate Noise
Goleta General Plan/Coastal Land Use Plan 9.0 Noise Element September 2006 9-2
Human perception of sound loudness,
however, is subjective. Everyday sounds
normally range from 30 dBA (very quiet such
as a soft whisper) to 100 dBA (very loud such
as the noise produced by a jet takeoff at a
distance of 200 feet). In general, noise may
become a nuisance at levels of 45 dBA CNEL
or greater. Psychological and physiological
stress are common with noise levels in the 65
to 75 dBA CNEL range, and hearing loss can
occur at noise levels of 75 dBA CNEL or
more.

Federal, State, and Local Noise Standards
The U.S. Noise Control Act of 1972
recognized the role of the federal government
in dealing with major noise sources
associated with interstate commerce in order
to provide for uniform treatment of such
sources. Federal regulations specifically
preempt local control of noise emissions from
aircraft and railroad sources. The U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
identified acceptable noise levels for various
land uses in order to protect public welfare—
which allows for an adequate margin of
safety—and has established noise standards
Measuring Noise

Decibel (dB): A unit of measurement describing the
amplitude of sound, equal to 20 times the logarithm
to the base 10 of the ratio of the pressure of the
sound measured to the reference pressure, which is
20 micropascals (20 micronewtons per square
meter).

A-Weighted Level (dBA): The sound level in decibels
as measured on a sound level meter using the Aweighting filter network. The A-weighting filter deemphasizes the very low and very high frequency components of the sound in a manner similar to the
response of the human ear and gives good
correlation with subjective reactions to noise.

Leq: Equivalent energy level. The sound level
corresponding to a steady-state sound level
containing the same total energy as a time-varying
signal over a given sample period. Leq is typically
computed over 1-, 8-, and 24-hour sample periods.

CNEL: Community Noise Equivalent Level. The
average equivalent A-weighted sound level during a
24-hour day, obtained after addition of five decibels
to sound levels in the evening from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m.
and after addition of 10 decibels to sound levels in
the night from 10 p.m. to 7 a.m.

Ldn: Day-Night Average Level. The average
equivalent A-weighted sound level during a 24-hour
day, obtained after the addition of 10 decibels to
sound levels in the night after 10 p.m. and before 7

NOISE LEVELS OF COMMON SOURCES AND EFFECTS ON PEOPLE
Goleta General Plan/Coastal Land Use Plan 9.0 Noise Element September 2006 9-3
for interstate commerce activities. Finally, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development has established policies for granting financial support for the construction of dwelling units in noise-impacted areas.

The California Department of Health Services has developed criteria and guidelines for local governments to use when setting standards for human exposure to noise and preparing noise elements for general plans. These guidelines include noise exposure levels for both exterior and interior environments. In addition, Title 25, Section 1092 of the California Code of Regulations, sets forth requirements for the insulation of multiple-family residential dwelling units from excessive and potentially harmful noise. These guidelines indicate that locating units in areas where exterior ambient noise levels exceed 65 dBA CNEL is undesirable, and require the developer to incorporate into building design construction features that will reduce interior noise levels to 45 dBA CNEL. Title 21, Subchapter 6 of the California Administrative Code, establishes noise standards related to airports. According to Title 21, an airport should maintain a noise impact area wherein no residential uses would be located within the 65-dB-CNEL contour. If noise levels exceed this standard for residences and other sensitive receptors, avigation easements and soundproofing of interior space are required.

Noise Sources and Existing Noise Environment
Goleta is affected by several different sources of noise, including automobile and railway traffic, airport and aircraft operations, industrial and commercial activity, and periodic nuisances such as construction noise, amplified sound, loud parties, and other events.

Roadway Traffic Noise: In general, noise levels caused by highway traffic are directly correlated with the volumes and speeds of vehicles and with increases in the number of large truck vehicles. Noise levels adjacent to U.S. Highway 101 (US-101) range from 75 to 90 dBA CNEL, while noise levels adjacent to major arterials in the city can be as high as 85 dBA CNEL.

The orientation and spacing of these major roadways combined with the proximity of the Santa Barbara Airport result in a large part of the city being subject to existing noise levels that exceed 60 dBA CNEL, as shown on Figures 9-1 and 9-2.

Railroad-Related Noise: Passenger and
freight operations along the Union Pacific
Railroad (UPRR) comprise another source of
transportation-related noise (see Figure 9-2).

The UPRR parallels and is just south of the US101 corridor. The railroad roughly bisects the city in an east-west direction. The maximum
instantaneous sound level of passing trains
ranges from 96 to 100 dBA at 100 feet from the
tracks, and the average sound level ranges
from 70 to 75 dBA CNEL. Although Amtrak also
uses the same tracks, sound levels for its
operations are not available but are expected to
be similar to UPRR trains. The combined noise
sources of the railway and US-101 result in a
300-to-600 foot-wide east-west corridor where
noise levels equal or exceed 70 dBA CNEL and produce noise levels equal to or exceeding 60 dBA CNEL in a corridor that is roughly three times the width of the 70+ dBA CNEL corridor.

Amtrak Passenger Train
Goleta General Plan/Coastal Land Use Plan 9.0 Noise Element September 2006 9-4
Airport-Related Noise: Noise associated with the Santa Barbara Municipal Airport is generated by operations and aircraft over-flights (see Figure 9-2). The Santa Barbara Municipal Airport is the busiest commercial service airport in the coastal area located between San Jose and Los Angeles, with about 100 scheduled air carrier flights daily serving approximately 853,000 passengers in 2005. In addition, the airport is used by cargo planes, private aircraft, and charter aircraft. Because of its location near the center of Goleta, airport-related noise affects a large area of the city, with noise levels exceeding 60 dBA CNEL for much of the city south of Hollister Avenue.

According to the airport’s FAR Part 150 Noise Compatibility Study (January 2005), the number of aircraft operations is expected to increase in the future. Passenger jet and plane operations are projected to average 3.3 percent annual growth, while cargo volume will grow at 4.8 percent annually. Based aircraft will grow at a 1.1-percent average rate. Overall, operations are forecast to grow at 1.25 percent annually. In addition, the airport is planning expansion of its runway safety areas at either end of the east-west (main) runways. The airport would maintain the runway in its current (as of 2006) published length of 6,052 feet (excluding the runway safety areas), but would shift the runway approximately 800 feet westward. The westward shift of this runway and the increase in future aircraft operations is expected to slightly enlarge and shift westward the area within the city subject to CNELs of 60 to 70+ dBA.

Local jurisdictions generally have very limited authority to control airport operations and resulting noise, which are governed by the Federal Aviation Administration.

Commercial and Industrial Noise: The
nature and intensity of noise generated by
commercial and industrial uses is dependent
upon various factors, including the type of
use or activity, the equipment and processes
employed, and hours of operation. Groundmounted or rooftop air compressors and air conditioning units are a common source of
industrial- or commercial-related noise, as is
noise from delivery trucks. The Venoco
Ellwood Onshore Oil and Gas Processing
Facility generates noise—mostly from
compressors and heater-treater units—that
exceeds 80 dBA CNEL inside the facility and
65 dBA CNEL in certain locations along its
property line. Ordinance 2919, Venoco’s
Development Plan permit, requires that sound
levels not exceed 65 dBA CNEL at public receptor locations and not exceed 70 dBA at the perimeter of the facility.

Construction Noise: Commercial and residential construction projects produce readily apparent noise. The sensitivity to noise from such construction is increased when it occurs in or near residential areas or other sensitive receptors. Earthmoving equipment and some power tools are capable of producing noise levels in the range of 75 to 95 dBA at 50 feet from the source. While most remodeling and infill construction projects typically last no longer than several months to a year, larger projects or construction of new multiple unit developments can have longer durations. Construction-related noise is appropriately managed by establishing and Oil Processing Equipment at the Venoco Ellwood
Onshore Oil Gas and Processing Facility
Goleta General Plan/Coastal Land Use Plan 9.0 Noise Element September 2006 9-5
enforcing restrictions on hours permitted for construction activities that generate unacceptable noise levels.

Nuisance Noise: Nuisance noise results from
a variety of sources: landscaping, car, or home
maintenance activities; barking dogs; amplified
music and sound; car and fire alarms; poorly
muffled mopeds and scooters; and even loud
voices or crowds. Noise is also produced at
playgrounds, athletic fields, and schools.

Certain venues in the city, such as schools,
parks, and resorts, host special events that may
include amplified sound. Nearby residences
and sensitive noise receptors may be subject to
disturbance from these special events. Often a
special-event permit is required from the City.

In these cases, permit conditions may include
standards for permissible sound levels and
duration of the event. Otherwise, nuisance
noise from these events may best be controlled
by adopting and enforcing standards included in a Noise Ordinance.

Sensitive Noise Receptors
Sensitive noise receptors are defined as users or types of uses that are interrupted (rather than merely annoyed) by relatively low levels of noise. Such receptors include residential neighborhoods, schools, libraries, hospitals and rest homes, auditoriums, certain open space areas, and public assembly places. Sensitive noise receptor monitoring locations are included in Figures 9-1 and 9-2. This map does not denote all residential areas, so it should be used in combination with land use maps that comprehensively show all residential areas. Sound levels were measured at each of the numbered sites on October 13 to 15, 2003. Results of this sound monitoring are included in Table 9-1 below. Potential noise impacts on sensitive receptors should be minimized using a variety of measures or tools for noise avoidance and noise control.

The limit of acceptable noise exposure for sensitive noise receptors is typically 60 dBA CNEL (see Table 9-2, under Section 9.3, “City Policies”).

Projected Future Noise Environment
The projected future noise contours are shown in Figures 9-3 and 9-4. Future transportationrelated noise levels are projected to increase slightly, as traffic volumes increase due to the planned additional housing and commercial/industrial growth within Goleta and in adjacent jurisdictions, including the University of California, Santa Barbara, (UCSB) and the Santa Barbara Municipal Airport, as well as to growth in regional through traffic. The increase in operations planned by the Santa Barbara Municipal Airport is projected to result in a somewhat larger area affected by airport-related noise.

Heavy Equipment at a Construction Site
Goleta General Plan/Coastal Land Use Plan 9.0 Noise Element September 2006 9-6
TABLE 9-1

FIELD NOISE MEASUREMENTS AT NOISE SENSITIVE LOCATIONS
Site No. Category Sensitive Receptor Leq dBA
1 Residential Winchester Commons 54.5
2 Residential Santa Barbara West Mobile Home Park 55.4
3 School Evergreen Discovery/Learning Center: Brandon
Elementary School
50 4 Church El Camino Presbyterian Church 58.8
5 School El Rancho Elementary School 44.1
6 School Dos Pueblos High School 55.5
7 Church Christ Lutheran Church of Goleta ELCA 49.5
8 School La Patera 47.8
9 School Goleta Valley Junior High/Santa Barbara Charter School 53.7 10 Church Goleta Presbyterian Church/Presbytery of Santa Barbara (also Care Unit in back)

56.3 11 Church Goleta Valley Church 52.9
12 School Montessori Center School 51.9
13 Church Jehovah’s Witnesses 46.6
14 Church Live Oak Unitarian Universalist Congregation 49.1 15 Library Goleta Library 50.1
16 Church/Child care Good Shepherd Lutheran Church and Preschool 57 17 School Coastline Christian Academy 54.2
18 Church South Coast Church 51.2
19 School Kellogg School 48.8
20 Church/Child care Cambridge Drive Baptist Church/Goleta Valley Nursery School

48.8 21 Church Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints/LDS Institute of Religion

51.3 22 Retirement Maravilla Senior Complex 57.5
23 Hospital Goleta Valley Cottage Hospital 54.2
24 Church Saint Raphael’s Church and K–8 School 59.8
25 Residential Rancho Goleta Mobile Home Park 55.2
26 Community center Goleta Valley Community Center 62.3 27 Child care United Boys and Girls Clubs of Santa Barbara County 48.3 28 Residential Old Town Residential Area 60.7
29 Residential University Mobile Home Park 59.5
30 Child care Kinder Care 51.4
31 Child care Village Park Child Care Center 64.8
32 Residential Sesame Tree Apartments 65.5
33 Church Jubilee Christian Church 61.3
34 Residential Wayside Village (Mobile Home Park) 62.4
35 Residential Rancho Mobile Homes 60.1
36 Residential Santa Barbara Shores 57.8
37 School Ellwood School 55.1
K–8 = kindergarten through 8th grade
Source: Noise monitoring survey conducted by RBF Consulting on October 13, 14, and 15, 2003.

Goleta General Plan/Coastal Land Use Plan 9.0 Noise Element September 2006 9-7
Noise Control Techniques
Noise can be mitigated in three basic ways:
by reducing the sound level at the noise
source, by increasing the distance between
the source and receiver, and by insulating the
receiver. Noise reduction can be
accomplished by placement of masonry
sound walls and/or landscaped berms
between a noise source and the receiver.

Garages or other buildings may be used to shield dwelling units and outdoor living areas from traffic noise. In addition to site design techniques, noise insulation can be accomplished through appropriate design of buildings. Nearby noise generators should be recognized in determining the location and orientation of door and window openings. Sound-rated windows (extra thick or multi-paned) and wall insulation are also effective. None of these measures, however, can realize their full potential unless care is taken in actual construction, such as doors and windows fitted properly, openings sealed, joints caulked, and plumbing adequately insulated from structural members.

Although insulating noise-sensitive uses can reduce noise impacts, the alternative approach of limiting the level of noise generation at the source can be more effective in some instances.

With the exception of certain state and federal preemptions, local government actions can assist in abatement of noise from commercial and industrial operations. Local ordinances may establish maximum levels for noise generated on site. These usually limit the level of noise permitted beyond the boundary of a subject property. Local agencies can influence transportation noise through traffic flow improvement, appropriate maintenance of road surfaces, promotion of alternative travel modes, and restrictions on truck traffic. Construction of noise barriers (generally sound walls or berms) are among the more common ways of reducing traffic noise impacts in existing urban environments.

9.2 GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND GOALS [GP]
In addition to analyses of existing and projected future noise levels in the city, the Noise Element sets forth objectives, policies, and implementation actions to achieve and maintain an acceptable noise environment in the city. The intent of the Noise Element is to limit exposure of residents, workers, and visitors to excessive noise levels, while allowing future development consistent with the Land Use Element and other plan elements. Because vehicular traffic is a major source of noise, the Noise Element has been developed with consideration of existing and projected roadway traffic volumes as described in the Transportation Element. The Noise Element also contains policies that serve to achieve certain resource-protection objectives of the Open and Conservation Elements.

The following principles or goals, which are not in order of priority, provide the foundation for the detailed policies in subsequent sections; all policies have been established to be in conformity with the guiding principles and goals. Future actions of the City following adoption of the plan are required to be consistent with these policies.

1. Protect Goleta’s residents, workers, and visitors from the harmful effects of exposure to excessive noise, with special attention to reduction and mitigation of noise levels for residential areas, schools, and other sensitive noise receptors.

Noise Mitigation Strategies
Noise can be mitigated in the following three basic
ways:
• Reduce the sound level of the noise generator.
• Increase the distance between the source and
receiver.
• Insulate the receiver.

Goleta General Plan/Coastal Land Use Plan 9.0 Noise Element September 2006 9-8

2. Ensure that open space areas that support significant environmentally sensitive habitat are not subjected to disruptive levels of noise.

3. Ensure noise exposure compatibility between neighboring land uses and protect the longterm values of both private and public investment by preventing the deterioration of properties as a result of the intrusion of objectionable levels of noise.

4. Identify and implement or help implement measures that will mitigate or reduce the noise generated by major transportation sources, including the Santa Barbara Airport, the UPRR, US-101, and other major roadways.

5. Consider noise impacts of proposed commercial, industrial, professional, and institutional developments and ensure that impacts are minimized and appropriately mitigated.

6. Control the generation of nuisance noise through implementation and enforcement of appropriate noise regulations.

9.3 CITY POLICIES
Policy NE 1: Noise and Land Use Compatibility Standards [GP] Objectives: To protect Goleta’s residents, workers, and visitors from excessive noise by applying noise standards in land use decisions. To ensure compatibility of land uses with noise exposure levels, and to neither introduce new development in areas with unacceptable noise levels nor allow new noise sources that would impact existing development.

NE 1.1 Land Use Compatibility Standards. [GP] The City shall use the standards and criteria of Table 9-2 to establish compatibility of land use and noise exposure. The City shall require appropriate mitigation, if feasible, or prohibit development that would subject proposed or existing land uses to noise levels that exceed acceptable levels as indicated in this table. Proposals for new development that would cause standards to be exceeded shall only be approved if the project would provide a substantial benefit to the City (including but not limited to provision of affordable housing units or as part of a redevelopment project), and if adequate mitigation measures are employed to reduce interior noise levels to acceptable levels.

NE 1.2 Location of New Residential Development. [GP] Where sites, or portions of sites, designated by the land use element for residential use exceed 60 dBA CNEL, the City shall require measures to be incorporated into the design of projects that will mitigate interior noise levels and noise levels for exterior living and play areas to an acceptable level. In the event that a proposed residential or mixed-use project exceeds these standards, the project may be approved only if it would provide a substantial benefit to the City, including, but not limited to, provision of affordable residential units. Mitigation measures shall reduce interior noise levels to 45 dBA CNEL or less, while noise levels at exterior living areas and play areas should in general not exceed 60 dBA CNEL and 65 dBA CNEL, respectively.

Goleta General Plan/Coastal Land Use Plan 9.0 Noise Element September 2006 9-9
TABLE 9-2

NOISE AND LAND USE COMPATIBILITY CRITERIA
Community Noise Exposure (Ldn or CNEL, dBA)
Land Use Category
Normally
Acceptable
Conditionally
Acceptable
Normally
Unacceptable
Clearly
Unacceptable
Residential—low density 50–60 60–65 65–75 75–85+
Residential—multiple family 50–60 60–65 65–75 75–85+
Transient lodging—motels and hotels 50–65 65–70 70–80 80–85+ Schools, libraries, churches, hospitals, and
nursing homes 50–60 60–65 65–80 80–85+
Auditoriums, concert halls, and amphitheaters NA 50–65 NA 65–85+ Sports arenas and outdoor spectator sports NA 50–70 NA 70–85+ Playgrounds and neighborhood parks 50–70 NA 70–75 75–85+ Golf courses, riding stables, water recreation,
and cemeteries 50–70 NA 70–80 80–85+
Office buildings, business commercial, and
professional 50–67.5 67.5–75 75–85+ NA
Industrial, manufacturing, utilities, and
agriculture 50–70 70–75 75–85+ NA
Notes:

Normally Acceptable: Specified land use is satisfactory, based upon the assumption that any buildings involved are of normal conventional construction, without any special noise insulation requirements.

Conditionally Acceptable: New construction or development should be undertaken only after a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements is made and needed noise insulation features are included in the design. Conventional construction, but with closed windows and fresh air supply systems or air conditioning, will normally suffice.

Normally Unacceptable: New construction or development should be discouraged. If new construction or development does proceed, a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements shall be made and needed noise insulation features shall be included in the design.

Clearly Unacceptable: New construction or development should generally not be undertaken.

NA: Not applicable.

Source: Modified from U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Guidelines and State of California Standards.

NE 1.3 Noise Buffers. [GP] When feasible, the City should require an open space or other noise buffer between new projects that are a source of noise and nearby sensitive receptors. The nature and extent of the noise buffer shall be determined based upon site-specific conditions.

NE 1.4 Acoustical Studies. [GP] An acoustical study that includes field measurement of noise levels may be required for any proposed project that would: a) locate a potentially intrusive noise source near an existing sensitive receptor, or b) locate a noise-sensitive land use near an existing known or potentially intrusive noise source such as a freeway, arterial roadway, railroad, industrial facility, or airport traffic pattern. Acoustical studies should identify noise sources, magnitudes, and potential noise mitigation measures and describe existing and future noise exposure. The acoustical study shall be funded by the applicant and conducted by a qualified person or firm that is experienced in the fields of environmental noise assessment and architectural acoustics. The determination of applicability of this requirement shall be made by the Planning and Environmental Services Department by applying the standards and criteria of Table 9-2.

Goleta General Plan/Coastal Land Use Plan 9.0 Noise Element September 2006 9-10
NE 1.5 Acceptable Noise Levels. [GP] New construction and substantial alterations of existing construction shall include appropriate noise insulation measures (such as insulation, glazing, and other sound attenuation measures) so that such construction or renovations comply with state and building code standards for allowable interior noise levels. The intent of this policy is to require improved soundproofing for both noise receivers and sources.

Policy NE 2: Traffic Noise Sources [GP]
Objective: To reduce or mitigate noise from existing and projected future vehicular traffic through street improvements, law enforcement, and support of alternative transportation programs.

NE 2.1 Standards for Use of Noise
Barriers along Roadways. [GP]
The City shall require the
incorporation of appropriate noise
barriers and other noise
attenuation features in the design
of any new arterial streets. The
City shall consider and may
require noise attenuation
measures in frontage
improvements associated with
new private and public projects
along existing city arterials,
provided that such measures are
consistent with the policies and
standards of the Visual and
Historical Resources Element. To
be effective, such noise barriers
should reduce noise levels at abutting receiver sites by at least 5 dBA CNEL.

NE 2.2 Synchronization of Traffic Lights. [GP] To keep traffic flowing smoothly through signals along arterials and major roadways and to minimize noise associated with braking and acceleration, the City shall ensure that all new traffic signals are appropriately timed and synchronized with adjacent lights to the extent feasible. The City shall also periodically assess the timing of existing traffic signals and make any appropriate adjustments.

NE 2.3 Enforcement of Speed Limits. [GP] The City Police Department shall enforce speed limits on city streets and work with the California Highway Patrol to enforce speed limits on state and federal highways.

NE 2.4 Enforcement of Vehicle Noise Standards. [GP] The City shall work with state and federal agencies to enforce regulations pertaining to vehicle noise generation; one such regulation is the California Vehicle Code, which governs vehicle noise emissions.

Sound Wall Separating Residential and
Commercial Developments
Goleta General Plan/Coastal Land Use Plan 9.0 Noise Element September 2006 9-11
NE 2.5 Alternative Paving Materials. [GP] The City may incorporate alternative paving materials that reduce traffic-generated noise in City-sponsored road improvement projects, as appropriate. The City encourages the California Department of Transportation to use low-noise paving materials when financially and technically feasible.

NE 2.6 Programs that Reduce Traffic Volumes. [GP] The City shall support programs that reduce peak traffic volumes; an example of such programs are incentive programs for use of public transit facilities, high-occupancy vehicles, and other alternative modes of transportation as well as staggering of work hours. For major discretionary projects, the City may require such programs. (See TE 2.1.) NE 2.7 Traffic-Calming Measures. [GP] The City may consider the use of traffic-calming measures and devices to reduce speeds and noise levels in residential neighborhoods where feasible and in consultation with emergency service providers.

Any incorporated traffic-calming measures should be monitored by the City for effectiveness.

NE 2.8 Maintenance of Paved Roadways. [GP] The City should pursue timely repair and maintenance of roadways in part to minimize traffic-generated noise. Potholes, bumps, and other roadway damage should be identified and repaired promptly.

Policy NE 3: Airport Noise [GP]
Objective: To seek measures and operational changes that result in a reduction in noise and noise-related impacts generated by the Santa Barbara Municipal Airport.

NE 3.1 Support of Noise-Reducing
Airport Programs and
Improvements. [GP] The City
supports improvements and
operational changes at the Santa
Barbara Municipal Airport that will
reduce noise generated by the
airport. Among these operational
changes are training and education
programs on piloting methods that
would reduce noise from aircraft
during takeoff and landing. The
City shall also continue to
encourage the airport to limit
aircraft noise between the hours of
11 p.m. and 7 a.m. (See related
LU 12.3.)
NE 3.2 Support for Smaller and Quieter
Commercial Jets. [GP] The City shall continue to encourage the Santa Barbara Municipal Airport and the airport’s carriers to limit commercial aircraft to smaller and quieter aircraft models. The City shall oppose proposals that seek to accommodate jets equal to or larger than Boeing 737s.

Passenger Plane on Tarmac
Source: Santa Barbara Airport Economic Impact Report,
UCSB Economic Forecast Project, August 2001
Goleta General Plan/Coastal Land Use Plan 9.0 Noise Element September 2006 9-12
NE 3.3 Consultation with ALUC Staff and City of Santa Barbara Staff. [GP] The City of Goleta shall continue to monitor and comment on airport-related projects and development proposed for the area surrounding the airport that is under the jurisdiction of the City of Santa Barbara. The City of Goleta shall consult with staff of the Airport Land Use Commission (ALUC) and the Santa Barbara Airport Department for development projects within the clear or approach zones as defined in the Santa Barbara County Airport Land Use Plan (ALUP), as well as any development proposed within the 60 dBA CNEL noise exposure contour as depicted on the Noise contour map in the most recent ALUC-adopted Santa Barbara County Airport Land Use Plan.

NE 3.4 Noise Mitigation and Avigation Easements. [GP] In compliance with state law, the City shall discourage new residential development or new sensitive uses in areas subject to high levels (65+ dB CNEL) of airport noise. The City shall require appropriate acoustic insulation measures to be components of any such development. Acoustic insulation should ensure that the interior noise level for any habitable room does not exceed 45 dBA CNEL. For all new development proposed in the clear and approach zones as defined in the Santa Barbara County ALUP, an aviation easement for noise and safety purposes shall be required.

NE 3.5 Non-Aviation Sources of Noise. [GP] The City of Goleta shall work with the City of Santa Barbara to ensure that new development and activities of existing business entities located within the airport property, both north and south of Hollister Avenue, comply with the policies in this element and are not disruptive to nearby residences and businesses in Goleta. In addition, the City of Goleta shall request that all new discretionary development and change of use applications in these areas be referred to the City for review and comment.

Policy NE 4: Railway Noise [GP]
Objective: To reduce noise and minimize the impact of noise from existing and projected future railway operations and activities.

NE 4.1 Consideration of Exposure to Railway Noise.
[GP] The City shall consider current and projected
exposure to noise levels for any proposed
development or use on land adjacent to the
UPRR. The City should not approve any
development that would result in unacceptable
levels of noise exposure in accordance with the
standards of Policy NE 1 above.

NE 4.2 Encouragement of Noise-Reduction Measures.
[GP] The City shall encourage UPRR to
incorporate measures that reduce future railway
noise levels. Such reduction may include
installation of additional sound barriers where
effective, incorporation of new, low-noise
advances in train technology, and operational
changes that reduce railway noise levels,
especially during the evening, night, and weekend hours.

At-Grade
Railroad
Crossing
Goleta General Plan/Coastal Land Use Plan 9.0 Noise Element September 2006 9-13
NE 4.3 Potential Establishment of a Quiet Zone. [GP] The City shall explore the feasibility of establishing a quiet zone pursuant to the Federal Railroad Administration’s procedures.

NE 4.4 Avoidance of New At-Grade Railroad Crossings. [GP] To prevent an increase in train-horn sounding, the City shall discourage the development of any new at-grade railroad crossings.

Policy NE 5: Industrial and Other Point Sources [GP]
Objective: To minimize noise generated by industrial sources and other point sources and to limit the impacts of such noise sources.

NE 5.1 New, Expanded, or Upgraded Stationary Noise Sources. [GP] The City shall require proposals for new stationary sources or expansions or alterations of use for an existing stationary source to include appropriate noise mitigation measures.

Retrofits and facility upgrades under the permitting jurisdiction of the City should ensure that noise levels are reduced, particularly for sources that impact adjacent sensitive receivers.

NE 5.2 Equipment Maintenance. [GP] The City shall require that new and existing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning equipment and other commercial/industrial equipment be adequately maintained in proper working order so that noise levels emitted by such equipment remain minimal. The City shall also require noise shielding or insulation for such equipment if operation of the equipment results in objectionable noise levels at adjacent properties.

NE 5.3 Standards for City Equipment and Vehicles. [GP] New equipment and vehicles purchased by the City shall not be modified or operated in a manner inconsistent with manufacturers’ instructions that causes nonconformity with noise-level performance standards established in the manufacturers’ design. To the extent feasible, such equipment and vehicles shall comply with noise-level performance standards consistent with the best available noise-reduction technology.

NE 5.4 Noise Barriers for Industrial/Commercial Sources. [GP] Absorptive types of noise barriers or walls should be used to reduce noise levels generated by industrial and certain heavy commercial uses. To be considered effective, the noise barrier should provide at least a 5-dBA-CNEL noise reduction.

NE 5.5 Limits on Truck Deliveries and Other Activities. [GP] The City shall consider requiring commercial and industrial uses that abut residential zones to restrict the hours of truck deliveries and trash pickups to minimize disruption to nearby residences, where practicable. Such restrictions may be imposed by incorporation of conditions of approval for new discretionary planning permits, or on a citywide basis through preparation and adoption of a Noise Ordinance. Limitations on hours for trash pickups should be considered during negotiation of new or renewed franchise agreements with trash haulers.

NE 5.6 Reduction of Noise at the Venoco Ellwood Onshore Oil and Gas Processing Facility. [GP] The City shall continue to monitor noise at the Venoco Ellwood Onshore Oil and Gas Processing Facility to determine whether noise levels exceed Goleta General Plan/Coastal Land Use Plan 9.0 Noise Element September 2006 9-14
required standards and may require Venoco to implement measures that will avoid violations of the standards. The City shall require that any major facility upgrades include measures or designs that ensure noise levels generated by the facility are in compliance with the plant’s operating permit.

Policy NE 6: Single-Event and Nuisance Noise [GP]
Objective: To prevent community and environmental disruptions by limiting single-event and nuisance noise levels, so that relative quiet and peace is achieved and maintained at residential areas and other sensitive receptors.

NE 6.1 Enforcement of Noise Ordinances. [GP] The City shall enforce regulations and standards set forth in a City Noise Ordinance. The City shall periodically review noise regulations and update or add regulations that control noise generation appropriately.

NE 6.2 Enforcement of Restrictions in Open-Space Areas. [GP] The City shall enforce restrictions or prohibitions on motorized vehicles in City-owned open-space areas unless such operation is allowed by permit. Signage stating such restrictions or prohibitions shall be provided and maintained in good order, and the need for additional signage shall be considered periodically.

NE 6.3 Special-Event Noise Control. [GP] For all special-event permit applications where the proposed event or activity is expected to generate significant noise, the City shall consider imposing limitations on the hours of the event or activity or other noisereduction measures.

NE 6.4 Restrictions on Construction Hours. [GP] The City shall require, as a condition of approval for any land use permit or other planning permit, restrictions on construction hours. Noise-generating construction activities for projects near or adjacent to residential buildings and neighborhoods or other sensitive receptors shall be limited to Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Construction in nonresidential areas away from sensitive receivers shall be limited to Monday through Friday, 7:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Construction shall generally not be allowed on weekends and state holidays. Exceptions to these restrictions may be made in extenuating circumstances (in the event of an emergency, for example) on a case by case basis at the discretion of the Director of Planning and Environmental Services. All construction sites subject to such restrictions shall post the allowed hours of operation near the entrance to the site, so that workers on site are aware of this limitation. City staff shall closely monitor compliance with restrictions on construction hours, and shall promptly investigate and respond to all noncompliance complaints.

NE 6.5 Other Measures to Reduce Construction Noise. [GP] The following measures shall be incorporated into grading and building plan specifications to reduce the impact of construction noise:
a. All construction equipment shall have properly maintained sound-control devices, and no equipment shall have an unmuffled exhaust system. b. Contractors shall implement appropriate additional noise mitigation measures including but not limited to changing the location of stationary construction Goleta General Plan/Coastal Land Use Plan 9.0 Noise Element September 2006 9-15
equipment, shutting off idling equipment, and installing acoustic barriers around significant sources of stationary construction noise.
c. To the extent practicable, adequate buffers shall be maintained between noisegenerating machinery or equipment and any sensitive receivers. The buffer should ensure that noise at the receiver site does not exceed 65 dBA CNEL. For equipment that produces a noise level of 95 dBA at 50 feet, a buffer of 1600 feet is required for attenuation of sound levels to 65 dBA.

NE 6.6 Limits on Hours for Trash Pickup in Residential Areas. [GP] The City shall consider restricting hours for trash pickups, unless there are substantial transportation benefits or other benefits for different times. Any restriction in hours for trash pickups would be to minimize disruption, particularly in the early morning hours, to residential developments. Application of any such restriction may be made during negotiation of new or renewed franchise agreements with trash haulers.

Policy NE 7: Design Criteria to Attenuate Noise [GP]
Objectives: To employ noise-reduction measures that reduce levels of noise-generated at the source. To use site design and noise insulation techniques that attenuate noise levels experienced at receiver sites to acceptable levels.

NE 7.1 Control of Noise. [GP] The City shall require that primary emphasis on the control of noise be accomplished at the source by reducing the intensity of the noise generated or through appropriate placement of noisy components of a project or use.

Secondary emphasis should be through site design of receiver sites and noise attenuation and insulation measures.

NE 7.2 Site-Design Techniques. [GP] The City encourages the inclusion of site-design techniques for new construction that will minimize noise exposure impacts. These techniques shall include building placement, landscaped setbacks, and siting of more noise-tolerant components (parking, utility areas, and maintenance facilities) between noise sources and sensitive receptor areas.

NE 7.3 Architectural Techniques. [GP] The City shall encourage the use of architectural techniques to meet noise attenuation requirements. Such techniques include: a) using noise-tolerant rooms such as garages, kitchens, and bedrooms to shield noisesensitive rooms such as bedrooms and family rooms and b) using building façade materials that help shield noise.

NE 7.4 Alternatives to Sound Walls. [GP] The City shall encourage new development near highway and railroad noise sources to identify alternatives to sound walls to reduce noise impacts.

NE 7.5 Implementation of Recommendations from Acoustical Analyses. [GP] For projects where an acoustical analysis is required because of potential noise impacts, the City, through its development review and building permit processes, shall ensure that all appropriate noise reduction measures are incorporated.

NE 7.6 Noise-Insulation Standards for Multi-Family Dwellings. [GP] In compliance with state law, the City shall require all multi-family residential developments that are Goleta General Plan/Coastal Land Use Plan 9.0 Noise Element September 2006 9-16
proposed within the 60-dBA-CNEL noise contour to include appropriate noiseinsulation measures.

NE 7.7 Acoustic Design Manual Requirements. [GP] For residential projects where mitigation is required to reduce interior noise levels to 45 dBA CNEL, the City Building Official shall require incorporation of measures listed in the current version of the Acoustic Design Manual for the appropriate amount of noise reduction.

9.4 IMPLEMENTATION ACTIONS [GP]
NE-IA-1 Adoption of New Noise Ordinance. The City will prepare and consider adoption of a comprehensive new Noise Ordinance that contains quantitative, enforceable, and effective measures to control unacceptable levels of daytime and nighttime noise.

The ordinance should address noise related to new development and construction as well as nuisance-type noise sources.

Time period: 2007 to 2008
Responsible party: Planning and Environmental Services Department, Redevelopment and Neighborhood Services Department
NE-IA-2 Design Criteria. New design manuals should be prepared that include suggested site design and architectural design practices and methods that will attenuate exterior and interior noise levels, including residential projects located adjacent to transportation noise sources. Standard conditions of approval for discretionary planning applications should be prepared that incorporate best noise control practices to mitigate noise impacts.

Time period: 2007 to 2008
Responsible party: Planning and Environmental Services Department, Design Review Committee
NE-IA-3 Noise Enforcement Program. The City will establish and implement a Noise Enforcement Program to continue the City’s practice of promptly investigating and following-up on noise complaints, and tracking these complaints in the City’s Customer Service Request Database.

Time period: 2007 to 2008
Responsible party: Redevelopment and Neighborhood Services Department

C ITY OF L ONG BEACH
MARCH 2021

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL I MPACT REPORT

GENERAL P LAN NOISE ELEMENT
P:\CLB1904.03 - Noise Element\CEQA\Draft EIR\Appendix B.docx «03/12/21»

APPENDIX B

PROPOSED GENERAL PLAN NOISE ELEMENT
(DECEMBER 2019)

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL I MPACT REPORT

GENERAL P LAN NOISE ELEMENT

C ITY OF L ONG BEACH
MARCH 2021
P:\CLB1904.03 - Noise Element\CEQA\Draft EIR\Appendix B.docx «03/12/21» This page intentionally left blank
element
City of Long Beach General Plan
DRAFT December 2019
creating livable environments
NOISE
2040
“Each celestial body, in fact each and
every atom, produces a particular
sound on account of its movement,
its rhythm or vibration. All these
sounds and vibrations form a universal
harmony in which each element, while
having it’s own function and character,
contributes to the whole.”
Pythagoras
Greek Philosopher
Noise
Adopted by the Long Beach City Council on (xx.xx.xxxx)
Processed by Long Beach Development Services
Assisted by RRM Design Group and LSA Associates.
element
City of Long Beach General Plan
DRAFT December 2019
NOISE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Mayor and City Council
Honorable Mayor Robert Garcia
Lena Gonzalez, Councilmember, 1st District
Jeannine Pearce, Councilmember, 2nd District
Suzie Price, Councilmember, 3rd District
Daryl Supernaw, Councilmember, 4th District
Stacy Mungo, Councilmember, 5th District
Dee Andrews, Councilmember, 6th District
Roberto Uranga, Councilmember, 7th District
Al Austin, Councilmember, 8th District
Vice Mayor Rex Richardson, Councilmember, 9th District
Office of the City Manager
Patrick H. West, City Manager
Tom Modica, Assistant City Manager
City of Long Beach Planning Commission
Richard Lewis, Chair
Mark Christoffels, Vice Chair
Ron Cruz
Josh LaFarga
Andy Perez
Jane Templin
Erick Verduzco-Vega
City of Long Beach Development Services Staff
Linda F. Tatum, AICP, Director
Christopher Koontz, AICP, Development Services Bureau Manager Patricia A. Diefenderfer, AICP, Advance Planning Officer Gabriel Barrerras, Senior Contract Planner
Jennifer Ly, Planner
Alison Spindler, Planner
table of CONTENTS
1 Vision: A City That Thrives
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................................3 2 Introduction: What is a Noise Element?
Introduction......................................................................................................................................................................7 What is a Noise Element? ............................................................................................................................................7 Regulatory Setting..........................................................................................................................................................10 Community Engagement ............................................................................................................................................15 Next Bold Moves: Vision in Motion ..........................................................................................................................16 3 Context: Understanding the Noise Environment
Our Region. Our City. ....................................................................................................................................................19 Noise Sources ..................................................................................................................................................................20 Vibration Sources ...........................................................................................................................................................25 4 Noise Fundamentals: Characteristics of Sound
Characteristics of Sound .............................................................................................................................................31 5 Noise Plan: Creating Livable Environments
Placetype Characteristics and Land Use Compatibility ...................................................................................39 Mobility .............................................................................................................................................................................43 Construction ...................................................................................................................................................................51 Special Events .................................................................................................................................................................52 Environmental Justice and Social Equity ..............................................................................................................53 Noise Management ......................................................................................................................................................54 6 Administration + Implementation: Maintaining the Noise Element Administration ...............................................................................................................................................................59 Implementation .............................................................................................................................................................59 A Appendix
Future Traffic Noise Contours (2040)......................................................................................................................75 This page intentionally left blank.
table of TABLES
Tables
Table N-1: Construction Vibration Damage Criteria.......................................................................................................................11 Table N-2: Land Use Compatibility Guidelines for Noise Exposure ..........................................................................................13 Table N-3: Definitions of Acoustical Terms........................................................................................................................................32 Table N-4: Common Sound Levels and Their Noise Sources ......................................................................................................36 Table N-5: Allowable Noise Exposure from Transportation Sources .......................................................................................46 Table N-6: Implementation Matrix ......................................................................................................................................................60 Figures
Figure N-1: Existing Major Noise Sources .........................................................................................................................................22 Figure N-2: Long Beach PlaceTypes-Northern (Land Use Element) ........................................................................................40 Figure N-3: Long Beach PlaceTypes-Southern (Land Use Element) ........................................................................................41 Figure N-4: Future Traffic Noise Contours (2040) ............................................................................................................................45 table of FIGURES
This page intentionally left blank.

Vision 1
A City That Thrives
“Just as we share the air we breathe, we are
submerged in a sea of shared sound. We are
all connected by the vibrations we make as
we use energy in daily life.”
Bruce Odland and Sam Auinger
Reflections on the Sonic Commons, a Special
Section of the Leonardo Music Journal
1 Vision
A City That Thrives
Introduction 3
» A Healthy, Livable Community ............................................ 3 » Equitable Distribution of Noise .......................................... 4 » Minimizing Exposure to Excessive Noise ......................... 4 » Allowances for Elements Necessary for a
Dynamic, Growing City........................................................... 4 Vision | A City That Thrives 3
1Vision
DRAFT December 2019
Long Beach: A vibrant, growing community

INTRODUCTION
The City of Long Beach has evolved into a vibrant urban community, a home for residents and enterprise alike. Long Beach has become a metropolitan community by its own
right—a home to a thriving port, international airport, and transit lines. Additionally, Long Beach is a destination for nightlife, festivals, and concerts. As Long Beach transitions from a Los Angeles suburb to a young, spirited stand-alone city, the soundscape will inevitably also transition.

Our vision for Long Beach includes an urban environment with all the amenities of life in a city while maintaining healthy, livable neighborhoods for all residents. Balancing the needs of transit, industry, entertainment, and business with the livelihood of all residents, is essential for a growing city. These aspects are part of the daily lives of residents and visitors in Long Beach. An ambient level of noise is to be expected as part of life in an urban environment; the key will be minimizing noise events and striving for equality throughout all neighborhoods of Long Beach. Desired
goals of the Noise Element include: A healthy, livable
community, equitable distribution of noise, minimizing
exposures to excessive noise, and allowances for elements necessary for a dynamic, growing city.

A Healthy, Livable Community
A base level of noise as part of life in an urban environment can be normal and healthy. Noise events that disturb the peace of residents can lead to negative health outcomes; therefore, this Noise Element should prioritize the health and well-being of City residents and visitors.
4 Vision
1 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
Downtown Long Beach at night
Equitable Distribution of Noise
Urban noise may be more likely to occur in some parts of Long Beach than others. An equitable distribution of noise is a pillar of environmental justice, and as such, this Noise Element should prioritize the well being of all residents by ensuring equitable spatial distribution of potential noise impacts.

Minimizing Exposures to Excessive Noise
Though an ambient level of noise is to be expected as
part of daily life in Long Beach, excessive noise events can be disruptive and unwelcomed. Frequent occurrences
of excessive noise events can lead to negative health
outcomes, and should be minimized to the extent feasible.

A main purpose of the Noise Element is to limit exposure of the community to excessive noise levels in noise-sensitive areas and at noise-sensitive times of day.

Allowances for Elements Necessary for a
Dynamic, Growing City
Many of the elements that make Long Beach such an
exciting place to live also contribute to urban noise. Long Beach is a desirable place to live due to its many amenities including availability of transportation and wide-range of entertainment. Buses, cars, airplanes, ships, and light rail as well as nightlife, concerts, and festivals are all part of the urban fabric of Long Beach. Allowing for these elements while minimizing their impact is a priority of the Noise Element.

Introduction
What is a Noise Element?
2 “Sound is the vocabulary of nature.”
Pierre Schaeffer
French Composer
Introduction
What is a Noise Element?
2 Introduction 7
What is a Noise Element? 7
» Relationship to Other Elements....................................................................8 » State Requirements for Noise Elements ....................................................9 » Document Organization ..................................................................................9 Regulatory Setting 10
» Federal Regulations........................................................................................... 10 » State Regulations................................................................................................11 » Municipal Code ...................................................................................................15 Community Engagement 15
Next Bold Moves: Vision in Motion 16
» Communication ..................................................................................................16 » Design.....................................................................................................................16 » Technology ...........................................................................................................16 Introduction | What is a Noise Element? 7
2Introduction
DRAFT December 2019

INTRODUCTION
Noise surrounds us; it is a constant presence in urban life. A certain level of noise in a community can be indicative of a healthy, active neighborhood. Noise from busy shops and restaurants, children playing, and public transportation are all signs of a thriving environment. While technical in nature, noise is often interpreted subjectively. Certain types of noise are commonly perceived as negative, such as busy transportation corridors, construction zones,
and landscaping activities. However, in the context of a dynamic neighborhood, these noises may be perceived as
less obtrusive. In addition, some development goals, such as infill, may create acceptably higher levels of noise.

The overall objective of the Noise Element is to create and maintain a healthy noise environment in Long Beach.

Specific goals of the Noise Element include: striving for a more equitable distribution of noise, limiting the exposure of the community to excessive noise levels in noisesensitive areas and at noise-sensitive times of day, and creating allowances for Long Beach to thrive as a dynamic, growing city.

WHAT IS A NOISE ELEMENT?
Due to potential impacts associated with elevated noise and vibration impacts and the effects on citizens within its cities, the California legislature in 1972 mandated that a noise element be included as part of city and county
general plans. The current State of California General Plan Guidelines provides the specific requirements for a noise element (2017).

The Noise Element is a mandatory element of the City of Long Beach General Plan, and sets forth policies regarding noise and land use throughout the City. The Noise Element was last updated in 1975, and was implemented through
a 1977 noise ordinance. Since that time, the City’s physical makeup, population, regional context, and the regulatory guidance around noise have changed significantly.

Downtown Long Beach skyline
8 Introduction
2 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
» Land Use—A key objective of the Noise Element is to
provide noise exposure information for use in the land
use element. When integrated with the Noise Element,
the Land Use Element will show acceptable land uses
in relation to existing and projected noise contours.

Section 65302(f) states that: “The noise contours shall be used as a guide for establishing a pattern of land uses in the land use element that minimizes the exposure of
community residents to excessive noise.”
» Housing—The Housing Element considers the provision
of adequate sites for new housing and standards for
housing stock. Since residential land use is among the
most noise sensitive, the noise exposure information
provided in the Noise Element must be considered
when planning the location of new housing. Also, state
law requires special noise insulation of new multifamily dwellings constructed within the 60 dB (CNEL or Ldn)
noise exposure contour. This requirement may influence
the location and cost of this housing type. In some cases, the noise environment may be a constraint on housing
opportunities.
» Mobility—The circulation system must be correlated
with the Land use Element and is one of the major
sources of noise. Noise exposure will thus be a decisive factor in the location and design of new transportation facilities and the possible mitigation of noise from
existing facilities in relation to existing and planned land uses. The local planning agency may wish to review the circulation and land use elements simultaneously to assess their compatibility with the noise element.
» Open Space—Excessive noise can adversely affect the
enjoyment of recreational pursuits in designated open
space. Thus, noise exposure levels should be considered when planning for this kind of open space use.

Conversely, open space can be used to buffer sensitive
land uses from noise sources through the use of
setbacks and landscaping. Open space designation can
also effectively exclude other land uses from excessively noisy areas.
» Urban Design—Urban design techniques can be
employed to mitigate noise impacts. Strategies such
as creative incorporation of noise attenuation methods
can be effective in accomplishing both urban design
goals as well as noise mitigation goals. Additionally, the Urban Design Element utilizes a differentiated approach for neighborhoods of Long Beach, complementing that
of this element.

Relationship to Other Elements
Additionally, state law mandates that the Noise Element be consistent with all other General Plan Elements. Policies and strategies in the Noise Element are intended to
provide protection for land uses, as identified in the Land Use Element, from excessive noise. The Noise Element
identifies potential and anticipated noise sources and
establishes programs to avoid or mitigate noise impacts.

All policies and strategies established in the Noise
Element are designed to support the vision established in Chapter 1.

The Noise Element is related to other mandated elements, including Land Use, Housing, Circulation, and Open Space.

Recognition of the interrelationship of noise and these four other mandated elements is necessary in order to prepare an integrated general plan. In addition, the Noise Element is related to policies in the Urban Design Element, an optional element under state law. The relationship between noise and these elements is briefly discussed below.

Long Beach General Plan 2040 Land Use Element
Introduction | What is a Noise Element? 9
2Introduction
DRAFT December 2019
Document Organization
The chapters of the Noise Element are organized by topic as follows:

1. Vision
» This chapter discusses the overall vision of the
Noise Element.

2. Introduction: What is a Noise Element?
» This chapter discusses the function of a noise
element and its role within other planning and
regulatory frameworks and the community
engagement involved in shaping this element.

It concludes with a discussion of concepts
important for implementing the vision of the
element.

3. Context: Understanding the Noise Environment
» This chapter discusses the context and sources of
noise and vibration in the City of Long Beach.

4. Noise Fundamentals: Characteristics of Sound
» This chapter details the technical aspects of how
noise is measured and its impact on human
health.

5. Noise Plan: Creating Livable Environments
» This chapter contains the strategies and policies
that implement the vision of the Noise Element.

Topics include land use compatibility, mobility,
construction, special events, environmental
justice and noise management.

6. Administration + Implementation: Maintaining
the Noise Environment
» This chapter describes the tools for administering
and implementing the Noise Element.

A. Appendix
» Detailed information on modeled future traffic
noise contours (2040) may be found here.

The upcoming sections discuss the many ways noise is
regulated and planned for within the City of Long Beach.

The primary tools for regulation are this Noise Element and the Long Beach Municipal Code Noise Ordinance. Beyond
the local level, different types of noise are regulated by several federal and state organizations and policy
frameworks.

State Requirements for Noise Elements
The State of California’s Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR), under California Government Code 65303, allows a city or county to adopt “any other elements or address any other subjects, which, in the judgement of
the legislative body, relate to the physical development of the county or city.” Once adopted, this Noise Element will carry the same legal weight as any of the seven mandatory elements and will be consistent to all the other elements, as required by §65300.5.

OPR also states: “The noise element of the general plan provides a basis for comprehensive local programs to
control and abate environmental noise and to protect
residents from excessive exposure. The fundamental goals of the noise element are:
» To provide sufficient information concerning the
community noise environment so that noise may
be effectively considered in the land use planning
process. In so doing, the necessary groundwork will
have been developed so that a community noise
ordinance may be utilized to resolve noise complaints.
» To develop strategies for abating excessive noise
exposure through cost-effective mitigating measures
in combination with zoning, as appropriate, to avoid
incompatible land uses.
» To protect those existing regions of the planning area whose noise environments are deemed acceptable
and also those locations throughout the community
deemed “noise sensitive.”
» To utilize the definition of the community noise
environment in the form of CNEL or Ldn noise
contours as provided in the noise element for local
compliance with the State Noise Insulation Standards.

These standards require specified levels of outdoor
to indoor noise reduction for new multifamily
residential constructions in areas where the outdoor
noise exposure exceeds CNEL (or Ldn) 60 dB.”
10 Introduction
2 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
In addition to the vibration standards included in the FTA Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment for groundborne vibration impacts on human annoyance are shown below, the criteria for potential damage from ground-borne vibration and noise are based on the maximum levels
for a single event. Table N-1 lists the potential vibration building damage criteria associated with construction
activities, as suggested in the Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment. FTA guidelines show that a vibration level of up to 102 VdB (equivalent to 0.5 in/sec in PPV) is considered safe for buildings consisting of reinforced
concrete, steel, or timber (no plaster), and would not result in any construction vibration damage. For a nonengineered (those not designed by an engineer or architect) timber and masonry building, the construction building vibration damage criterion is 94 VdB (0.2 in/sec in PPV).

REGULATORY SETTING
Federal Regulations
Long Beach does not typically rely on any specific federal noise regulations given that the State level requirements, specifically the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), and the City’s Noise Element and Municipal Code Noise
Ordinance provide more specific and restrictive regulations related to noise and vibration impacts. However, the
following information is provided for reference and may be used when local criteria are not established.

Federal Railroad and Federal Transit
Administrations
The guidelines in the Federal Transit Administrations (FTA) Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (2006) general assessment establishes thresholds for construction noise identified as a 1-hour noise level of 90 dBA Leq for residential uses during daytime hours and a 1-hour noise level of
100 dBA Leq for commercial and industrial uses. This provides reasonable criteria for assessing construction noise impacts based on the potential for adverse community reaction
when the noise thresholds are exceeded.

Approximate threshold of perception
for many humans. Low-frequency sound
usually inaudible; mid-frequency sound
excessive for quiet sleeping areas.

Approximate dividing line between
barely perceptible and distinctly
perceptible. Many people find transit
vibration at this level annoying.

Low-frequency noise acceptable for
sleeping areas; mid-frequency noise
annoying in most quiet occupied areas.
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
65 75
85 Vibration Velocity Level (VdB)
Noise Level (dBA)
Vibration acceptable only
if there are an infrequent
number of events per
day. Low-frequecy noise
annoying for sleeping
areas; mid-frequency
noise annoying even for
infrequent events with
institutional land uses such
as schools and churches.

Human Response to Different Levels of Ground-Borne Noise and Vibration Introduction | What is a Noise Element? 11
2Introduction
DRAFT December 2019
Table N-1: Construction Vibration Damage Criteria
Building Category PPV (in/
sec)
Approximate LV
(VdB)1
Reinforced concrete, steel,
or timber (no plaster) 0.50 102
Engineered concrete and
masonry (no plaster) 0.30 98
Non-engineered timber
and masonry 0.20 94
Buildings extremely
susceptible to vibration
damage

0.12 90
Source: Table 12-3, Transit Noise and Vibration Impact
Assessment (FTA 2006).
1 RMS VdB re 1 µin/sec.
µin/sec = microinches per second
FTA = Federal Transit Administration
in/sec = inches per second
LV = velocity in decibels
PPV = peak particle velocity
RMS = root-mean-square
VdB = vibration velocity in decibels
Environmental Protection Agency
In 1972 Congress enacted the Noise Control Act. This act authorized the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to publish descriptive data on the effects of noise and establish appropriate levels of sound. The document Information
on Levels of Environmental Noise Requisite to Protect Public Health and Welfare With an Adequate Margin of Safety (EPA 1974) established that noise levels less than or equal to 45 dBA would not interfere with indoor activities or cause annoyance. Thus, an interior noise level of 45 dBA CNEL or less is often used to assure exterior façades will provide adequate noise reduction.

International Building Code
The International Building Code (IBC) (ICC 2015) has been adopted and used as a standard code throughout most
of the United States. Within the IBC, standards for both reference or laboratory ratings as well as field measured rating requirements are identified to assure interior noise environment thresholds are met. There are two specific
class ratings: (1) STC or Sound Transmission Class and (2) IIC or Impact Insulation Class. The STC rating is often used for room-to-room assemblies and focuses more on airborne
noise impacts such as radio, television, and human speech.

The IIC rating is often used for floor/ceiling assemblies to focus on structure-borne noise such as footfall or objects being dropped. The IBC specifies that a minimum STC or
IIC rating of 50 is desired to provide a comfortable living environment.

State Regulations
State of California Noise Control Act
In 1975, the State of California established its own Noise Control Act located in Division 28 of the State’s Health and Safety Code. Chapter 6, Assistance to Local Agencies, provides direction on how the state will assist each local agency in establishing local ordinances and policies, as expected below.

Sound
Transmission
Class (STC):

Airborne noise.

Impact
Insulation Class
(IIC): Structureborne noise.

Two class ratings help to measure interior noise
thresholds.
12 Introduction
2 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
Chapter 6. Assistance to Local Agencies
46060. It is the purpose of this chapter to encourage the enactment and enforcement of local ordinances in those
areas which are most properly the responsibility of local government. It is further the purpose to insure that the state is of maximum assistance to local agencies in the discharge of those responsibilities, furnishing technical and legal expertise to assist local agencies in the enactment and enforcement of meaningful and technically sufficient noise abatement measures.
46061. The office shall provide technical assistance to local agencies in combating noise pollution. Such assistance shall include but not be limited to:

G. Advice concerning methods of noise abatement and
control.

H. Advice on training of noise control personnel.

I. Advice on selection and operation of noise abatement equipment.
46062. The office shall provide assistance to local agencies in the preparation of model ordinances to control and abate noise. Such ordinances shall be developed in consultation with the Attorney General and with representatives of local agencies, including the County Supervisors Association
of California and the League of California Cities. Any local agency which adopts any noise control ordinance shall
promptly furnish a copy to the office.

State of California Building Code
The State of California’s noise insulation standards are codified in the California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 24, Building Standards Administrative Code, Part 2, California Building Code. These noise standards are applied to new construction in California for the purpose of ensuring that the level of exterior noise transmitted to and received within the interior living spaces of buildings is compatible with their comfortable use. For new residential dwellings, hotels, motels, dormitories, and school classrooms, the acceptable interior noise limit for habitable rooms in
new construction is 45 dBA CNEL or Ldn. Title 24 requires acoustical studies for residential development in areas exposed to more than 60 dBA CNEL to demonstrate that
the structure has been designed to limit interior noise in habitable rooms to acceptable noise levels. Where exterior noise levels are projected to exceed 60 dBA CNEL or Ldn at the facade of a building, a report must be submitted with the building plans that describe the noise control measures that have been incorporated into the design of the project to meet the 45 dBA CNEL or Ldn noise limit.

California Green Building Code
The California Green Building Code, also referred to
as CalGreen (ICC 2017), provides requirements under
Environmental Comfort related to noise, including
acoustical control, exterior noise transmission prescriptive method, noise exposure where noise contours are not
readily available, performance method, site features, and interior sound transmission.

State of California Land Use Compatibility
Criteria
The State of California adopts suggested land use noise compatibility levels as part of its General Plan Guidelines.

These suggested guidelines provide urban planners with
an integral tool to gauge the compatibility of land uses relative to existing and future noise levels. The guidelines identify normally acceptable, conditionally acceptable, normally unacceptable, and clearly unacceptable noise
levels for various land uses. A conditionally acceptable designation implies new construction or development
should be undertaken only after a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements for each land use is made
and needed noise insulation features are incorporated
into the design. By comparison, a normally acceptable
designation indicates that standard construction can
occur with no special noise reduction requirements. The land use compatibility guidelines are intended to be an advisory resource when considering changes in land use
and policies, such as zoning modifications. The Land Use Compatibility Guidelines are shown in Table N-2.

There are four categories of noise
levels for various land uses that help
planners gauge the compatibility
of land uses relative to existing and
future noise levels:
• Normally acceptable
• Conditionally acceptable
• Normally unacceptable
• Clearly unacceptable
State of California Land Use Compatibility Criteria.

Introduction | What is a Noise Element? 13
2Introduction
DRAFT December 2019
Table N-2: Land Use Compatibility Guidelines for Noise Exposure Land Use Type
Community Noise Exposure
Ldn or CNEL, dB
55 60 65 70 75 80 85
Residential - Low Density
Single Family Duplex,
Mobile Homes
Residential - Multi-Family
Transient Lodging -
Hotels, Motels
Schools, Libraries, Churches,
Hospitals, Nursing Homes
Auditoriums, Concert Halls,
Amphitheaters
Sports Arena, Outdoor
Spectator Sports
Playgrounds, Neighborhood
Parks
Golf Courses, Riding
Stables, Water Recreation,
Cemeteries
Office Buildings - Business,
Commercial & Professional
Industrial, Manufacturing,
Utilities, Agriculture
Normally Acceptable Specified land use is satisfactory, based upon the assumption that any buildings involved are of normal conventional construction, without any special noise insulation requirements.

Conditionally Acceptable
New construction or development should be undertaken only after a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements is made and needed noise insulation features included in the design.

Conventional construction, but with closed windows and fresh air supply systems or air conditioning will normally suffice.

Normally Unacceptable
New construction or development should generally be discouraged. If new construction or development does proceed, a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements must be made and needed noise insulation features included in the design.

Clearly Unacceptable New construction or development should generally not be undertaken.

Source: California Office of Planning and Research, General Plan Guidelines (2017), Appendix D. 14 Introduction
2 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
State of California Vehicle Code
Division 12, Equipment of Vehicles, Chapter 5, Other
Equipment, Article 2, Exhaust Systems, and Article 2.5, Noise Limits, provide regulations related to noise levels associated with motor vehicles, including exhaust systems and noise limits.

Long Beach Airport
State of California Airport Land Use
Requirements
The State of California has multiple regulations and
standards that apply to airports. These are briefly
summarized below:
» The Aeronautics Division of the California State
Department of Transportation (Caltrans)
» Enforces the California Airport Noise Regulations.

These regulations establish 65 dB CNEL as the noise
impact boundary within which there shall be no
incompatible land uses. Airports are responsible
for achieving compliance with these regulations.

Compliance can be achieved through noise
abatement alternatives, land acquisition, land use
conversion, land use restrictions, or sound insulation
of structures. Airports not in compliance can operate
under variance procedures established within the
regulations.
» California Noise Insulation Standards apply to all
multi-family dwellings built in the State. Single-family residences are exempt from these regulations. The
regulations require that all multi-family dwellings
with exterior noise exposures greater that 60 dB CNEL
must be sound insulated such that the interior noise
level will not exceed 45 dB CNEL. These requirements
apply to all roadway, rail, and airport noise sources.
» The State of California requires that all municipal
General Plans contain a Noise Element. The
requirements for the Noise Element of the General
Plan include describing the noise environment
quantitatively using a cumulative noise metric
such as CNEL or DNL, establishing noise/land use
compatibility criteria, and establishing programs for
achieving and/or maintaining compatibility. Noise
elements shall address all major noise sources in the
community including mobile and stationary sources.
» Airport Land Use Commissions were created by State
Law for the purpose of establishing a regional level of land use compatibility between
» Airports and their surrounding environs. The Los
Angeles County Airport Land Use Commission has
adopted an Airport Environs Land Use Plan (AELUP)
for Los Angeles County airports including Long Beach
Airport. The AELUP criteria for sensitive land uses at
65 dB CNEL for outdoor areas and 45 dB CNEL for
indoor areas of residential land uses.

Introduction | What is a Noise Element? 15
2Introduction
DRAFT December 2019
State of California Motorized Watercraft
Requirements
The State of California has established requirements and limits as it relates to noise associated with watercraft. Any motorized vessel operated on the inland waters of California or on ocean waters within one mile of the coastline must be muffled or otherwise prevented from exceeding the
following noise levels:
» As measured using a stationary sound level test as
defined by SAE J-2005:
• 90 decibels if the engine was manufactured
before January 1, 1993
• 88 decibels if the engine was manufactured on or
after January 1, 1993, or
» 75 decibels measured as defined by SAE J-1970 for
all engines. However, such measurement shall not
preclude a stationary sound level test as prescribed
by SAE J-2005.

Exceptions to the above restrictions are made for vessels participating in permitted regattas, boat races or speed trials. Authorities generally agree that unbaffled exhaust pipes (stacks) and most water-injected pipes do not meet the above noise level requirements. Unmodified outboards usually meet legal requirements.

Municipal Code
The Long Beach Municipal Code (LBMC) contains the
City’s Noise Ordinance in Chapter 8.80. In addition to this section, many chapters and sections of the Municipal Code contain regulations related to noise within Long Beach. The LBMC implements Long Beach General Plan policies and
strategies.

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
To inform the Noise Element update and identify potential issues, a variety of community engagement strategies
were employed. A City of Long Beach project webpage
was established as well as a Facebook and Twitter account for the Noise Element at #ListenUpLB. Project background was furnished and the community was invited to use an
online engagement tool linked on the sites. The online tool provided a map-based ability to provide comments on a
range of topics linked to specific locations throughout the city. Awareness of this opportunity for participation was provided through the City’s website, emails, Facebook and Twitter advertising, and counter cards placed throughout city hall and other locations. Materials were provided in both English and Spanish.
#ListenUpLB materials
16 Introduction
2 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
In addition, a series of meetings were conducted with
internal and external stakeholders. Initial meetings were held with City departments and local agencies including the Police Department, Noise Control Office, Animal Care Services, Public Works, Port, Airport and Long Beach Unified School District. Meetings with focus groups included public health professionals/academics, environmental justice, bar and restaurant operators, and the construction industry, as well as the Environmental Health Working Group and
various local school students in their classrooms. Further, a Planning Commission study session was conducted on
April 20, 2017 to introduce the Noise Element work effort and solicit comments from commissioners and members
of the public.

Feedback provided through these various platforms
covered an array of topics and key themes are summarized below:
» Develop regulations that respond to the evolution of
neighborhoods
» Needed coordination with other regulatory agencies
(rail, on-road vehicles, aircraft)
» Common annoyances: Leaf blowers, rail line
operations, motorcycles, helicopters, loud music,
construction, dogs, park/beach activities, bars/
restaurants, autos/freeway, industrial and commercial
uses
» Noise impacted communities in West Long Beach
» Effectiveness of good communication, relationshipbuilding, proactive noticing » Technology trending toward quieter equipment
Received comments and input informed collection of noise data and the preparation of the Noise Element.

NEXT BOLD MOVES: VISION IN
MOTION
Long Beach is committed to innovative and meaningful
policies to advance the vision of the community and this Noise Element. In order to create a healthy, more equitable noise environment, the City will work to pave the way in several aspects of noise management. Communication of
noise policy, creative and thoughtful urban design, and advanced technology will help foster a balanced noise
environment in Long Beach.

Communication
Communication is a central aspect of noise management.

Ensuring clear communication between the various City
departments that manage noise, residents, business
owners, and special event managers will serve as a strong foundation for noise management and minimizing noise
impacts. Noise policy and the noise ordinance should be clear and enforced, as well as continue to evolve over time based on feedback and better information. Reminders
of the noise ordinance should be strategically provided throughout the City.

Design
Land use compatibility and urban design can prevent noise impacts before they begin. Thoughtfully sited and oriented uses, along with creative placemaking can focus noise
sources and buffer sensitive receptors from noise impacts.

Technology
Long Beach will seek the latest technology regarding noise mitigation. This includes building materials, freeway noise buffering, public transit, and even technology such as
silent fireworks. Noise monitoring equipment used within the City will also be as advanced as possible.

Context
Understanding the Noise Environment
3 “But a city is more than a place in space, it is
a drama in time.”
Patrick Geddes
Scottish Scientist
Context
Understanding the Noise Environment
3 Our Region. Our City. 19
Noise Sources 20
» Land Use Patterns............................................................................................ 20 » Mobility ............................................................................................................... 21 » Special Events................................................................................................... 24 » Construction and Nuisance Noises........................................................... 24 Vibration Sources 25
» Construction...................................................................................................... 26 » Rail Activity ........................................................................................................ 27 » Heavy Vehicles and Buses............................................................................. 27 » Other.................................................................................................................... 27 Context | Understanding the Noise Environment 19
3Context
DRAFT December 2019
OUR REGION. OUR CITY.

Long Beach is committed to creating a healthy noise
environment throughout the metropolitan City. The Long
Beach Noise Ordinance (Chapter 8.80 of the Long Beach
Municipal Code) is intended to protect people from
non-transportation noise sources such as construction
activities, commercial operations, machinery, and
nightlife. Enforcement of the noise ordinance requires new developments to show compliance with the ordinance,
including operating in accordance with noise levels
recommended in this element. The ordinance also provides general standards for prohibited noises and identifies
specific activities that are prohibited because of their capability to create unreasonable noise. As an example, the City requires construction activity to comply with
established work schedule limits (see Section 8.80.202, Construction Activity-Noise Regulations).

Long Beach is an urban, developed City. As with any
developed environment, it is subject to numerous noise
sources. Major sources of noise include traffic, rail, aircraft, and stationary sources. Many freeways and corridors
throughout Long Beach contribute to traffic noise within the City, including I-405, I-605, I-710, SR-22, SR-91, Pacific Coast Highway or State Route 1 (SR-1), and Long Beach
Boulevard. In addition to the automobile and truck traffic along these corridors, the City is currently served by Long Beach Transit, a public transit agency with bus service along major roadways in the City through various routes (i.e., Routes 1, 21, 22, 81, and 192). The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro) operates a limited number of local and express buses. The Long Beach Transit Gallery serves as the southern terminus of the Metro Blue Line and is the main transit hub for bus connections to various Metro, Long Beach Transit, Los Angeles Department of Transportation Commuter Express, and Torrance Transit bus routes. Rail noise is due to the three freight rail lines and one public transit line, the Metro Blue Line, that pass through the City. Aircraft noise is from the Long Beach Airport, located within City limits.

Anaheim Street and Long Beach Boulevard
20 Context
3 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019

NOISE SOURCES
Land Use Patterns
Noise is a key element for consideration in the arrangement of land uses throughout Long Beach. Thoughtfully
designed land use patterns can be the first step in avoiding potential noise impacts on a neighborhood or group of
people. Additionally, priority should be given to reduction of noise in severely impacted areas through rehabilitative improvements.

The overall noise environment is a conglomeration of noise from several sources. Mobility sources, including vehicular traffic, rail, aircraft and watercraft, contribute to the daily transportation-related noise in Long Beach. Another noise source is special events, which occur on a periodic basis. The last category of noise sources is construction and nuisance noises, which include machinery, heating ventilation and air conditioning systems, compressors, and landscape
maintenance equipment among others.

Though Long Beach is unique in that the Port of Long
Beach is so active, operation noise levels are generally limited to areas within the perimeter of the Port. Noise associated with the Port includes cranes, forklifts, and truck activities. Due to the distance from daily operations, which are located close to the coast, to the nearest sensitive uses, noise impacts are rarely audible at such a large distance.

Heavy truck traffic associated with the transport of cargo along the I-710 corridor is the primary source of noise associated with the Port. Impacts associated with the Port of Long Beach, including noise, were assessed in the Port of Long Beach Community Impact Study in July 2016.

Commercial, commercial-industrial, light-industrial, and to a lesser extent residential land uses in the City have the potential to generate high noise levels and impact
surrounding land uses with their equipment operation.

Noise sources from these land uses include air conditioning or refrigeration units, power tools, lawn equipment,
generators, and other powered mechanical equipment.

Additionally, activities that are not necessarily “stationary” include parking lot activities, truck deliveries, and events are oftentimes classified in the same categories.

The highest priority for protection from noise are “sensitive receptors,” or groups which are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of noise. Examples of sensitive receptors include residential neighborhoods, schools, hospitals,
religious facilities, libraries, offices and parks. Areas of Long Beach with sensitive receptors should be protected through proper land use planning.

Pine Avenue
Context | Understanding the Noise Environment 21
3Context
DRAFT December 2019
Mobility
Traffic Noise
Automobiles, buses, trucks, motorcycles and trains
dominate transportation noise in the City. Traffic moving along streets and freeways produces a sound level
that remains relatively constant and is part of the City’s minimum ambient noise level. Vehicular noise varies
depending on the volume, speed and type of traffic. Slower traffic produces less noise than fast moving traffic. Trucks typically generate more noise than cars. Infrequent or
intermittent noise is also associated with vehicles, including sirens, vehicle alarms, slamming of doors, garbage and
construction vehicle activity and honking of horns. These noises add to urban noise and are regulated by a variety of agencies. Often times, noise from motorcycle activities are specifically noticed over general traffic noise impacts due acceleration, exposed motor and, in some cases, lack of or modified mufflers.

Bus service is provided on major streets, collectors, and local streets within the City’s circulation system. For the purpose of assessing vehicular noise, three generic weight classifications are considered (light, medium, and heavy).

At 35 mph, 1 medium duty truck is as loud as 10 cars, 1 bus is as loud as 20 cars, and 1 heavy truck is as loud as 30 cars.

In addition, noise from traffic sources may be worsened by grade (inclined roadway) or by the condition of the
pavement.

Major transportation noise sources in the City include traffic on I-405, I-605, I-710, SR-22, SR-91, SR-103, Terminal Island Freeway, Pacific Coast Highway, and Long Beach Boulevard.

In addition to typical automobiles and medium and
heavy trucks, the City is currently served by Long Beach Transit, a public transit agency, with bus service along major roadways in the City through various routes (i.e., Routes 1, 21, 22, 81, and 192). The Los Angeles County
Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro) operates
a limited number of local and express buses. The Long
Beach Transit Gallery serves as the southern terminus of the Metro Blue Line light rail and is the main transit hub for bus connections to various Metro, Long Beach Transit, Los Angeles Department of Transportation Commuter Express,
and Torrance Transit bus routes.

Rail Noise
The noise impacts associated with rail activities depend heavily on a number of factors, including the type of
train, the length of train, the physical track conditions, the geometry and intervening structures between the rail line and its receptor, the number of trains operating during the daytime, the number of trains operating during the night time, and the speed of the train. Additionally, when a horn is required to sound a warning, which is typical for at-grade crossings, the noise impact would be greatest at the land uses closest to the intersection.

Currently, three freight rail lines pass through the City which are operated by Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation (BNSF) Railway, Union Pacific Railroad Company (UPRR),
and Pacific Harbor Line Incorporated (PHL). The rail lines run north-south through the west side of the City, through the northwest corner of the City, around the neighborhood of North Long Beach.

Interstate 405 Metro Light Rail
22 Context
3 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
DeLorme, USGS, Intermap, increment P
Corp., NRCAN, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China
(Hong Kong), Esri (Thailand), MapmyIndia, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
§¨¦710
§¨¦710
§¨¦405
§¨¦405
§¨¦605
ÄÆ91
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017)
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach Airport
Port of Long Beach
Industrial Area
Freeway
Metro Blue Line
Freight Line
0 0.75 1.5
MILES
Figure N-1, Existing Major Noise Sources
Context | Understanding the Noise Environment 23
3Context
DRAFT December 2019
In addition to freight activities, the Metro Blue Line which serves as public transit, is part of the Metro Rail System that runs north-south from Los Angeles to Long Beach, traveling south via Long Beach Avenue, Willowbrook Avenue, and
Long Beach Boulevard to its final destination at the Long Beach Transit Gallery. The Metro Blue Line operates daily, including all major holidays.

Based on the Federal Railroad Administration crossing
inventories completed between January 1, 2000 and
September 17, 2017 conducted at various crossings in the City, typical operations along the main rail line included up to 74 trains per day ranging in speed from 5 to 25 mph.

Aircraft Noise
Aircraft noise within the City is predominately influenced by operations at the Long Beach Airport located within the City limits. Operations at the Long Beach Airport include commercial air carriers, commuter flights, industrial planes, charter flights, and other general aviation. Operations at the Long Beach Airport typically occur within the daytime hours of 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m., with the exception of occasional unscheduled landings that occur after 10:00 p.m., and emergency and police helicopter activities. The Long Beach Airport Community Guide to Aircraft Noise presents factual information on the City of Long Beach Airport
Noise Compatibility Ordinance (Long Beach Municipal
Code Chapter 16.43) and Long Beach Airport’s efforts
to minimize aircraft noise over nearby neighborhoods.

While the City is not able to control the flight paths, typical operations include approaches from the southeast of the airport and departures taking off in a northwest direction.

Apart from the restrictions on hours of day, noise budgets are utilized to limit aircraft activities. Noise budgets do not directly restrict the operation of a particular aircraft, in contrast to night time restrictions, but they restrict access by the fleet as a whole. Noise budgets restrict the overall noise during a certain period of time, which could be
seasonally related or annual.

Currently, the City has implemented a Helicopter Noise
Reduction Study Group that provides members of the
public the opportunity to meet with both City and Airport staff to discuss issues and concerns regarding helicopter noise including rotor or “chop” noise, hovering, and
inconsistent flight paths. While the City cannot directly control the majority of the operations associated with
helicopters, specifically those related to emergency and police, the City maintains an interest in helping resolve noise issues where possible. Members of the communities Long Beach Airport
24 Context
3 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
are currently participating as a part of the Los Angeles Area Helicopter Coalition (LAAHNC) and regularly meet
with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) representatives, helicopter operators, and Long Beach Airport staff in an effort to reduce noise exposure from helicopter operations.

Watercraft Noise
Watercraft noise along the southern portion of the City varies greatly depending on watercraft type, distance from mainland, and overall control and use of equipment. While the City does not currently have any specific criteria related to noise associated with watercraft, the State of California Department of Motor Vehicles, as part of its requirements for watercraft operations, does have regulations that would also be applicable in the City of Long Beach.

Special Events
Long Beach is a vibrant coastal city with attractions serving residents, businesses, and visitors. As such, the City has experienced an increased interest in holding special events in Long Beach, especially outdoor special events along the waterfront in the downtown area. These events include,
but are not limited to, community festivals, runs/walks, citywide holiday celebrations, Long Beach Grand Prix,
Long Beach Marathon, Long Beach Lesbian and Gay Pride
Parade and Celebration, Jazz Festival, film production, and events hosted at the Queen Mary. These activities help
build a foundation that fosters sustainable community
development, economic development, and tourism.

However, with residents living in close proximity to these events, ensuring managed frequency and intensity of the noise from these events is a priority for the City. Long Beach is seeking an informed, balanced approach to managing
the needs of these events while continuing to prioritize the well-being of residents.

Construction and Nuisance Noises
Construction noise, though temporary in nature, can cause noise disruptions on an on-going basis. Long Beach is a growing metropolitan City, therefore construction noise is an expected part of the noise environment. Restrictions on noise from construction are especially important for sensitive receptors. The primary method of restricting
noise from construction is through limiting the hours in which construction activity is permitted.

Beach Streets Concert
Context | Understanding the Noise Environment 25
3Context
DRAFT December 2019
The City of Long Beach has a wide variety of land use types.

Within the commercial and downtown area, certain uses
including restaurants, bars, and clubs have the potential to generate noise which may be perceived as annoying
or disturbing. Additionally, sources of noise that are
permissible under existing laws and regulations still have the potential to disrupt the peace, cause sleep interference, and can create an undesirable setting for residents. The following graphic lists some of the potential sources of noise that have been noted to occur with regularity in the City limits:

VIBRATION SOURCES
Major vibration sources in the City include construction activities, rail operations, heavy vehicle traffic, and vehicle loading and delivery operations. Other sources which
have the potential to cause vibration impacts are aircraft operations, low-frequency music and some stationary
sources. Similar to noise standards, cities can adopt
vibration exposure standards regarding the sensitivity of land uses which may be affected. In relation to vibration impacts, there are two factors that are considered to
assessing the level of impact expected: the potential
for damage to a building or structure and the potential of annoyance to people. Also similar to potential noise impacts, the most efficient actions to help reduce vibration impacts occur during the planning and permitting phases of any project or development.

Other potential noise sources
Loud motorcycles
and speeding
vehicles.

Emergency
back-up
beepers.

Restaurant and
bar operations.

House
parties.

Excessive HVAC
operations.

Construction
work.

Emergency
vehicle sirens.

Train
horns.

Helicopter
and airplane
activities.

Car
alarms.

Barking
dogs and
loud birds.

Fireworks.

Leaf
blowers.
26 Context
3 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
Construction
Construction activities can cause vibration that varies in intensity depending on several factors. The use of pile driving and vibratory compaction equipment typically
generates the highest construction related groundborne vibration levels. Because of the impulsive nature of such activities, the use of the peak particle velocity (PPV) descriptor has been routinely used to measure and assess ground-borne vibration and almost exclusively
to assess the potential of vibration to induce structural damage and the degree of annoyance for humans. The two
primary concerns with construction-induced vibration,
the potential to damage a structure and the potential to interfere with the enjoyment of life, are evaluated against different vibration limits. Studies have shown that the threshold of perception for average persons is in the range of 0.2 to 0.3 millimeters per second (0.008 to 0.012 inches per second), PPV. Human perception to vibration varies
with the individual and is a function of physical setting and the type of vibration. Persons exposed to elevated ambient vibration levels (e.g., people in an urban environment) may tolerate a higher vibration level. Structural damage can be classified as cosmetic only (e.g., minor cracking of building elements) or may threaten the integrity of the building. Safe vibration limits that can be applied to assess the potential for damaging a structure vary by researcher and there is no general consensus as to what amount of
vibration may pose a threat for structural damage to the building. Construction-induced vibration that can be
detrimental to a building is very rare and has only been observed in instances where the structure is at a high state of disrepair and the construction activity (e.g., impact pile driving) occurs immediately adjacent to the structure.

Threshold of perception for average
persons is in the range of 0.2 to 0.3
millimeters per second PPV.

Construction-induced vibration may interfere with the
enjoyment of life.

Potential to
annoy people.

Potential for damage to
building or structure.

Two factors help measure the impact of noise to humans and buildings.

Context | Understanding the Noise Environment 27
3Context
DRAFT December 2019
Rail Activity
Rail operations are potential sources of substantial groundborne vibration depending on distance, the type and the speed of trains, and the type of railroad track. People’s response to ground-borne vibration has been correlated
best with how quickly sounds moves through the ground.

The velocity of the ground is expressed on the decibel
scale. The reference velocity is 1 x 10-6 inches per second.

RMS, which equals 0 vibration velocity decibels (VdB), and 1 inch per second equals 120 VdB. Although not a universally accepted notation, the abbreviation “VdB” is used in this document for vibration decibels to reduce the potential for confusion with sound decibels.

One of the challenges with developing suitable criteria for ground-borne vibration is the limited research into human response to vibration and, more importantly, human
annoyance inside buildings. The United States Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration has
developed rational vibration limits that can be used to evaluate human annoyance to ground-borne vibration.

For example, a passenger train lasts a few seconds whereas a long freight train may last several minutes, depending on speed and length.

Heavy Vehicles and Buses
Ground-borne vibration levels from heavy trucks and buses are not normally perceptible, especially if roadway surfaces are smooth. Buses and trucks typically generate groundborne vibration levels of about 63 VdB at a distance of 25 feet when traveling at a speed of 30 miles per hour (mph).

Higher vibration levels can occur when buses or trucks
travel at higher rates of speed or when the pavement is in poor condition. Vibration levels below 65 VdB are below the threshold for human perception.

Other
In addition to activities that have vibration impacts
which translate through the ground surface between
source and receptor, sources which generate high levels of low-frequency noise may generate vibration through
air. These sources may include aircraft and helicopter
operations, low-frequency music and other large stationary sources. When the vibration effects of these sources are felt or experienced by a receptor, to determine the level of impact, low-frequency noise measurements are the best
method to determine the impact.

Ground-borne
vibration decibels
depend on the
distance, type and
speed of trains, and
type of track.

Many factors affect ground-borne vibration.

At 30 mph, buses and trucks
typically generate vibration
levels of 63 VdB at a distance
of 25 feet. Vibration levels
below 65 VdB are below
the threshold for human
perception.

How loud are busses and trucks?
28 Context
3 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
This page left intentionally blank.

Noise Fundamentals
Characteristics of Sound
4 “The City is what it is because our citizens are
what they are.”
Plato
Classical Greek Philosopher
Noise Fundamentals
Characteristics of Sound
4 Characteristics of Sound 31
» Measurement of Sound................................................................................. 31 » Physiological Effects of Noise...................................................................... 34 Noise Fundamentals | Characteristics of Sound 31
Context
4 DRAFT December 2019

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND
Sound is increasing in the environment and can affect
quality of life. Noise is usually defined as unwanted
sound. Noise consists of any sound that may produce
physiological or psychological damage and/or interfere
with communication, work, rest, recreation, and sleep.

To the human ear, sound has two significant characteristics:
pitch and loudness. Pitch is generally an annoyance, while loudness can affect the ability to hear. Pitch is the number of complete vibrations (or cycles per second) of a wave, resulting in the tone’s range from high to low. Loudness is the strength of a sound and describes a noisy or quiet environment; it is measured by the amplitude of the sound wave. Loudness is determined by the intensity of the
sound waves combined with the reception characteristics of the human ear. Sound intensity refers to how hard the sound wave strikes an object, which in turn produces
the sound’s effect. This characteristic of sound can be precisely measured with instruments. Typically, a noise analysis defines the noise environment within a specific area in terms of sound intensity and the effect on adjacent sensitive land uses.

Pitch
Loudness
Measurement of Sound
Sound intensity is measured through the A-weighted scale to correct for the relative frequency response of the human ear. That is, an A-weighted noise level de-emphasizes low and very high frequencies of sound similar to the human ear’s de-emphasis of these frequencies. Unlike linear units, such as inches or pounds, decibels are measured on a
logarithmic scale representing points on a sharply rising curve.

For example, 10 decibels (dB) is 10 times more intense
than 1 dB, 20 dB is 100 times more intense, and 30 dB is 1,000 times more intense. Thirty decibels (30 dB) represent 1,000 times as much acoustic energy as 1 dB. The decibel scale increases as the square of the change, representing the sound-pressure energy. A sound as soft as human
breathing is about 10 times greater than 0 dB. The decibel system of measuring sound gives a rough connection
between the physical intensity of sound and its perceived loudness to the human ear. A 10 dB increase in sound level is perceived by the human ear as only a doubling of the loudness of the sound. Ambient sounds generally range
from 30 A-weighted decibels (dBA) (very quiet) to 100 dBA (very loud).
32 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
Context
4 DRAFT December 2019
Table N-3: Definitions of Acoustical Terms
Term Definition
Decibel, dB A unit of noise level that denotes the ratio between two quantities that are proportional to power; the number of decibels is 10 times the logarithm (to the base 10) of this ratio.

Frequency, Hz Of a function periodic in time; the number of times that the quantity repeats itself in one second (i.e., number of cycles per second).

A-Weighted Sound Level,
dBA
The sound level obtained by use of A-weighting. The A-weighting filter de-emphasizes the very low and very high frequency components of the sound in a manner similar to the frequency response of the human ear and correlates well with subjective reactions to noise. (All sound levels in this report are A-weighted, unless reported otherwise.) L02, L08, L50, L90 The fast A-weighted noise levels that are equaled or exceeded by a fluctuating sound level 2 percent, 8 percent, 50 percent, and 90 percent of a stated time period.

Equivalent Continuous
Noise Level, Leq
The level of a steady sound that, in a stated time period and at a stated location, has the same A-weighted sound energy as the time-varying sound.

Community Noise
Equivalent Level, CNEL
The 24-hour A-weighted average sound level from midnight to midnight, obtained after the addition of 5 dB to sound levels occurring in the evening from 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. and after the addition of 10 dB to sound levels occurring in the night between 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m.

Day/Night Noise Level, Ldn The 24-hour A-weighted average sound level from midnight to midnight, obtained after the addition of 10 dB to sound levels occurring in the night between 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m.

Lmax, Lmin The maximum and minimum A-weighted sound levels measured on a sound level meter during a designated time interval using fast-time averaging.

Ambient Noise Level The all-encompassing noise associated with a given environment at a specified time; usually a composite of sound from many sources from many directions, near and far; no particular sound is dominant.

Intrusive The noise that intrudes over and above the existing ambient noise at a given location.

The relative intrusiveness of a sound depends upon its amplitude, duration, frequency, time of occurrence, tonal or informational content, and the prevailing ambient noise level.

Sound Exposure Level (SEL) A measure of the total noise within an event which accounts for duration.

Single Event Noise
Equivalent Level (SENEL)
The sound exposure level for a defined noise threshold level.

Source: Handbook of Acoustical Measurement and Noise Control (Harris 1991).

Noise Fundamentals | Characteristics of Sound 33
Context
4 DRAFT December 2019
Sound levels are generated from a source, and their decibel level decreases as the distance from that source increases.

Sound dissipates exponentially with distance from the
noise source. For a single-point source, sound levels
decrease approximately 6 dB for each doubling of distance from the source. This drop-off rate is appropriate for noise generated by stationary equipment. If noise is produced by a line source (e.g., highway traffic or railroad operations) the sound decreases 3 dB for each doubling of distance in a hard site environment. Line source noise in a relatively flat environment with absorptive vegetation decreases 4.5 dB for each doubling of distance.

There are many ways to rate noise for various time periods, but an appropriate rating of ambient noise affecting humans also accounts for the annoying effects of sound. Equivalent continuous sound level (Leq) is the total sound energy of time-varying noise over a sample period. However, the
predominant rating scales for human communities in the
State of California are the Leq and the Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) or the day-night average level (Ldn) based on A-weighted decibels. CNEL is the time-varying
noise over a 24-hour period, with a 5 dBA weighting factor applied to the hourly Leq for noises occurring from 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. (defined as relaxation hours) and a 10 dBA weighting factor applied to noise occurring from 10:00
p.m. to 7:00 a.m. (defined as sleeping hours). Ldn is similar to the CNEL scale but without the adjustment for events occurring during the evening hours. CNEL and Ldn are within 1 dBA of each other and are normally interchangeable. The noise adjustments are added to the noise events occurring during the more sensitive hours.

Other noise rating scales of importance, when assessing the annoyance factor, include the maximum noise level
(Lmax), which is the highest exponential time-averaged
sound level that occurs during a stated time period. The noise environments discussed in this analysis are specified in terms of Lmax for short-term noise impacts. Lmax reflects peak-operating conditions and addresses the annoying
aspects of intermittent noise.
0 dB
500
1000
30 dB
20 0
Exponential intensity of decibels A-weighted decibels (dBA) of ambient sounds 40 60 80 100
120
140
160
Ambient sounds generally range from
30 decibels (very quiet) to 100 dBA (very
loud)
34 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
Context
4 DRAFT December 2019
Another noise scale often used together with the Lmax
in noise ordinances for enforcement purposes is noise
standards in terms of percentile noise levels. For example, the L10 noise level represents the noise level exceeded 10 percent of the time during a stated period. The L50 noise level represents the median noise level. Half of the time the noise level exceeds this level, and half of the time it is less than this level. The L90 noise level represents the noise level exceeded 90 percent of the time and is considered the background noise level during a monitoring period.

For a relatively constant noise source, the Leq and L50 are approximately the same.

Noise impacts can be described in three categories. The first includes audible impacts, which refer to increases in noise levels noticeable to humans. Audible increases in noise levels generally refer to a change of 3 dB or greater, because this level has been found to be barely perceptible in exterior environments. The second category, potentially audible, refers to a change in the noise level between
1 and 3 dB. This range of noise levels has been found to be noticeable only in laboratory environments. The last category includes changes in noise level of less than
1 dB, which are inaudible to the human ear. Only audible changes in existing ambient or background noise levels are considered potentially significant.

Physiological Effects of Noise
Physical damage to human hearing begins at prolonged
exposure to noise levels higher than 85 dBA. Exposure to high noise levels affects the entire system, with prolonged noise exposure in excess of 75 dBA increasing body tensions and thereby affecting blood pressure and functions of the heart and the nervous system. In comparison, extended
periods of noise exposure above 90 dBA would result in
permanent cell damage. When the noise level reaches 120 dBA, a tickling sensation occurs in the human ear, even with short-term exposure. This level of noise is called the threshold of feeling. As the sound reaches 140 dBA, the tickling sensation is replaced by the feeling of pain in the ear. This is called the threshold of pain. A sound level of 160 dBA to 165 dBA will potentially result in dizziness or loss of equilibrium. The ambient or background noise problem is common and generally more concentrated in urban areas
than in outlying, less-developed areas.

Audible impacts:
3 dB or greater
Potentially
audible:
1 to 3 dB
Inaudible:
less than 1 dB
What noise level changes are audible?
Noise Fundamentals | Characteristics of Sound 35
Context
4 DRAFT December 2019
In addition to the audible effects of noise, research has shown that prolonged exposure to elevated noise levels
may have other negative health effects. As presented in Wolfgang Babisch’s Cardiovascular Effects of Noise, sleep disturbance is considered a major environmental effect.

It is estimated that 80 to 90 percent of the reported cases of sleep disturbance in noisy environments are for reasons other than noise originating outdoors. Examples of sleep disturbance causes include restroom trips; indoor noises from other occupants; worries; illness; and climate. Field studies conducted with people in their normal living
situations are scarce.

Other physiological effects can be induced by noise during sleep, including increased blood pressure; increased heart rate; increased finger pulse amplitude; vasoconstriction; changes in respiration; cardiac arrhythmia; and an increase in body movements. For each of these physiological
effects, both the noise threshold and the noise-response relationships may be different. Different noises may also have different information content and this also could affect physiological threshold and noise-response relationships.

Exposure to night time noise also induces secondary
effects, or so-called after effects. These are effects that can be measured the day following the night time
exposure, while the individual is awake. The secondary
effects include reduced perceived sleep quality, increased fatigue, depressed mood or well-being, and decreased
performance.

Long-term effects on psychosocial well-being have also
been related to noise exposure during the night. Noise
annoyance during the night time increased the total
noise annoyance expressed by people in the following
day. Various studies have also shown that people living in areas exposed to night time noise have an increased use of sedatives or sleeping pills. Other frequently reported behavioral effects of night time noise include closed
bedroom windows and use of personal hearing protection.

Sensitive groups include the elderly, shift workers, persons especially vulnerable to physical or mental disorders and other individuals with sleeping difficulties.

Table N-3 lists definitions of acoustical terms and Table N-4 shows common sound levels and their noise sources.

Physical damage to human hearing
begins at prolonged exposure to noise
levels higher than 85 dBA.

Extremely Painful
Loud
Very
Loud
Faint Moderate
160 150 140
130 120 110 100 90
80 70 60
50 40 30 20 10
dBA
36 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
Context
4 DRAFT December 2019
Extremely Painful
Loud
Loud Very
Loud
Quiet Moderately
Loud
Very Faint Faint
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Noise Environments (dBA)
Near
Jet
Engine
128
64 32
16 8
4 2
Civil Defense
Siren
Hard Rock Band
Accelerating Motorcycle
Pile Driver, Noisy Urban Street
Ambulance Siren, Food Blender
Vacuum Cleaner
Near Freeway Auto Traffic
Average Office
Light Traffic/Soft Radio Music
Average Residence
Soft
Whisper
Rustling Leaves
Human
Breathing
Subjective Evaluations
Table N-4: Common Sound Levels and Their Noise Sources
Noise Plan
Creating Livable Environments
5 “Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody.” Jane Jacobs
Urbanist, Author - The Death and Life of Great American Cities Noise Plan
Creating Livable Environments
5 Placetype Characteristics and Land Use Compatibility 39 Mobility 43
» Vehicle Noise..................................................................................................... 43 » Rail ........................................................................................................................ 47 » Aircraft................................................................................................................. 48 » Watercraft........................................................................................................... 50 Construction 51
Special Events 52
Environmental Justice and Social Equity 53
Noise Management 54
Noise Plan | Creating Livable Environments 39
Noise Plan
5 DRAFT December 2019
This Noise Element identifies strategies and policies to implement the vision of a healthy, livable noise environment in Long Beach. The strategies and policies outlined in this chapter identify specific ways the City is working toward that vision. Long Beach is constantly pursuing innovative policies to lead the way in planning for noise in an evolving urban environment.

PLACETYPE CHARACTERISTICS

AND LAND USE COMPATIBILITY
Long Beach values the health and wellness of its residents.

PlaceTypes identified within the Land Use Element
establish neighborhood form, character and communityscaled districts structured around development patterns, streetscape design, and urban form. These areas range in development intensity and activity. Land use compatibility and project design strategies and policies are established to protect more sensitive PlaceTypes such as Founding
and Contemporary Neighborhoods and Multifamily
Residential—Low and Moderate. Additional policies are
provided for more active areas such as Transit-Oriented Development – Low and Moderate, Downtown, and
Waterfront PlaceTypes to promote harmony within
entertainment and visitor-serving areas. Finally, policies are provided for business and employment center
PlaceTypes including Community Commercial, Industrial,
Neo-Industrial, Regional-Serving Facility, as well as the Port of Long Beach, to address noise generated from operations and service. Development of buildings, neighborhoods,
streets, and outdoor spaces within any PlaceType should be designed to identify and reduce or eliminate unnecessary noise near noise sensitive areas. In summary, noise
policies are largely organized to correspond to established PlaceTypes that reflect differentiated area characteristics. A map of Long Beach PlaceTypes is brought forward from the Land Use Element for ease of reference.

Recognizing that much of Long Beach is currently
developed and in proximity to existing roadways, land use decisions must be made in context considering ambient
noise levels. For example, adaptive reuse of an existing building may be in a location with high ambient noise,
however, measures to the degree practical should be
applied to minimize noise impacts.

Strategy No. 1 Apply site planning and other design
strategies to reduce noise impacts, especially within the Founding and Contemporary Neighborhoods, Multifamily
Residential—Low and Moderate, and NeighborhoodServing Centers and Corridors – Low and Moderate PlaceTypes.
» Policy N 1-1: Integrate noise considerations into the land use planning process in order to prevent new
land use noise conflicts.
» Policy N 1-2: Require noise attenuation measures
to be incorporated into all development and
redevelopment of sensitive receptor uses, including
residential, health care facilities, schools, libraries, senior facilities, and churches in close proximity to
existing or known planned rail lines.
» Policy N 1-3: Ensure development and redevelopment
is considerate of the natural shape and contours of a
site in order to reduce noise impacts.
» Policy N 1-4: Encourage developers or landowners
to incorporate noise reduction features in the site
planning process.
» Policy N 1-5: Incorporate urban design strategies
such as courtyards, paseos, alleys, plazas and open
space areas to provide a buffer to noise sensitive uses. » Policy N 1-6: Ensure that project site design and
function minimize the potential adverse impacts of
noise.
» Policy N 1-7: Encourage educational facilities to
locate playgrounds, sports fields, and other outdoor
activity areas away from residential areas.
» Policy N 1-8: Require new development to provide
facilities which support the use of multimodal
transportation, including, walking, bicycling,
carpooling and, transit.
» Policy N 1-9: Utilize noise barriers after all practical design-related noise measures have been integrated
into the project. In instances where sound walls are
necessary, they should be incorporated into the
architectural and site character of the development
and pedestrian access should be integrated.
40 Noise Plan
5 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
66 Land Use Element | City of Long Beach
Draft - November 2017
Land Use Plan
4 Map LU-7

PLACETYPES
1 4/ MI
1/4 MI
RAD UI S :

PU RR
Metro Blue Line
Metro Blue Line
AR I D US :

ARTESIA FWY

ARTESIA

YR ER HC
SOUTH

LONG BEACH BLVD

DEL AMO BLVD
DIEGO
SPRING
WILLOW

PACIFIC COAST
CHERRY

SANTA FE

BEACH PACIFIC COAST
SPRING
L A
County

UNT RAMO PA
DOWNEY

ATLANTIC
ORANGE
MARKET

DEL AMO

CARSON ORANGE
CONANT

SAN ANTONIO
SAN
FWY
RY R
ORANGE

ATHERTON
WILLOW

WARDLOW WARDLOW

STEARNS

CLARK CLARK

SAN DIEGO FWY
70TH

LOS ANGELES RIVER
RIV RE

HARDING
City of
City of
Carson
Compton
City of
Signal Hill
City of
Paramount
City of
Bellflower
City of
Hawaiia
Gardens
n
City of
Lakewood
405 605
405
710
710
91 91

BIXBY
PACIFIC City of Los Alamitos
91 LOS COYOTES DIAGONAL
CARSON

STUDEBAKER

BELLFLOWER

LAKEWOOD

PALO VERDE

SAN GABRIEL RIVER
Long Beach
Airport
Figure N-2, Long Beach PlaceTypes-Northern (Land Use Element) Noise Plan | Creating Livable Environments 41
Noise Plan
5 DRAFT December 2019
Land Use Plan | Creating Vibrant and Exciting Places 67 Draft - November 2017
Land Use Plan
4 TA M
0 0.5 1 0.25
Mile

ANAHEIM
7TH 7TH

PACIFIC COAST
2ND

BROADWAY
OCEAN
R CHER
OCEAN

HARBOR SCENIC
OCEAN
2ND

LOYNES ELIOT ENO IMX
ARK P
APPIAN
4TH

PACIFIC

BROADWAY

SAN GAB I R LE R

ALA TI M OS
4TH
7TH
10TH

ANAHEIM
City of
Seal Beach
y
Los Angeles 710 605
405
405 22
47 103

TEMPLE
405 47
103
3RD STUDEBAKER

REDONDO

TERMINO

JUNIPERO
CSULB
Port of Long Beach
Legend
OS - Open SpaceN - Founding and Contemporary Neighborhood Neighborhoods
EmploymentUnique
Mixed Use
MFR -L - Multi-Family Residential - LowMFR -M - Multi-Family Residential - Moderate NSC-L - Neighborhood-Serving Center or Corridor - LowNSC-M - Neighborhood-Serving Center or Corridor - Moderate TOD-L - Transit-Oriented Development - LowTOD-M - Transit-Oriented Development - Moderate CC - Community Commercial Metro Blue Line Station
and 1/4 Mile Radius I - Industrial
NI - Neo-IndustrialRSF - Regional-Serving FacilityDT - DowntownWF - Waterfront PlaceTypes Light Rail Transit
Figure N-3, Long Beach PlaceTypes-Southern (Land Use Element) 42 Noise Plan
5 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
Strategy No. 2Create a balance of business practices within dynamic, active, and engaging areas such as the TransitOriented Development – Low and Moderate, Downtown, and Waterfront PlaceType areas to promote activity while respecting adjacent sensitive uses.
» Policy N 2-1: Ensure that developments located in
commercial or entertainment areas do not exceed
stationary-source noise standards at the property line
of proximate residential or commercial uses.
» Policy N 2-2: Require mitigation measures for new
high-generating uses adjacent to sensitive receptors.
» Policy N 2-3: Require that high-generating uses
engage in responsible management and operation
to control the activities of their patrons on-site and
within reasonable and legally justifiable proximity to
minimize noise impacts on adjacent residences.
» Policy N 2-4: Develop, update and apply best practices for restaurants, bars and retail establishments with
evening activities to ensure compatibility such as
limitations on hours, location of trash/recycling,
policies for rooftop activities, and communications
with neighboring residents and businesses.

Strategy No. 3 Capitalize on urban design techniques
and business operation strategies within business and
employment center PlaceTypes (Community Commercial,
Industrial, Neo-Industrial, Regional-Serving Facility, Port of Long Beach) to minimize noise impacts on surrounding adjacent uses.
» Policy N 3-1: Provide sufficient spatial separation
between industrial uses and sensitive receptors.

Utilize mitigation measures where feasible to reduce
the noise source, such as noise attenuation methods,
interrupting the noise path, or insulating the receptor to minimize the exposure of noise-sensitive uses to
excessive industrial-related noise.
» Policy N 3-2: Ensure new industrial uses are in
compliance with the City’s Noise Ordinance.
» Policy N 3-3: Encourage industrial and commercial
activities to restrict their receiving operations to
daytime periods.
» Policy N 3-4: Enforce established hours and routes
for delivery trucks and truck traffic.
» Policy N 3-5: Where sensitive receptors are located
adjacent to industrial uses, reduce noise impacts
through the use of noise barriers, restriction of
operating hours, and investment in noise cancelling
technology.
» Policy N 3-6: Mitigate off-site impacts from port
operations and consider development of grant
programs for off-site port-related noise mitigations.

Strategy No. 4 Protect and buffer noise sensitive areas and uses through effective building design and material selection.
» Policy N 4-1: Encourage developers to utilize noise
absorbing building materials.
» Policy N 4-2: In mixed-use developments, locate
and orient residential units away from noise sources
associated with other uses on the site.
» Policy N 4-3: In mixed-use developments, locate
residential balconies and windows away from the
primary street and from other uses on the site.
» Policy N 4-4: In mixed-use developments, require
techniques to prevent the transfer of noise and
vibration to the residential uses on the site.
» Policy N 4-5: Encourage building design that
incorporates varying and/or angled wall articulation
to disperse noise.

Outdoor dining
Noise Plan | Creating Livable Environments 43
Noise Plan
5 DRAFT December 2019
» Policy N 4-6: Promote building design best
practices such as staggering wall studs to minimize
transmission of noise between rooms.
» Policy N 4-7: Consider use of decorative walls and/
or dense landscaping to further buffer noise between
uses.

Strategy No. 5 Implement best practices to reduce impacts of noise from industrial sources.
» Policy N 5-1: In observance of requirements imposed
by the California Air Resources Board (CARB), limit the idling of heavy trucks during night time hours to less
than five minutes.
» Policy N 5-2: Where feasible, require equipment
enclosures for pumps and compressors that exceed
Municipal Code noise standards.
» Policy N 5-3: Encourage conduction of high-noise
or high-vibration activities in a set window or time
during the day.
» Policy N 5-4: Industrial facility owners and/or
operators should use equipment that generates
lower noise and vibration levels, such as rubber-tired
equipment rather than metal-tracked equipment.
» Policy N 5-5: Commercial delivery truck traffic should avoid residential areas whenever feasible.
» Policy N 5-6: Site design should consider sensitive
receptor locations and place noise sources away from
these uses when feasible.
» Policy N 5-7: Encourage industrial operations to
utilize on-site electrical sources to power equipment
rather than diesel generators where feasible.

MOBILITY
Vehicle Noise
Long Beach has a multitude of sources of vehicle-related noise including automobiles, trucks, motorcycles, and
buses.

Automobiles, Buses, and Trucks
Automobiles, buses, trucks, motorcycles and trains
dominate transportation noise in the City. In addition to the ambient noise level created by freeway and corridor traffic, cars and trucks may also produce intermittent noise like honking and car alarms. Intermittent noise is also produced by public bus routes.

Vehicle Emissions
Vehicle noise emission standards are promulgated by the federal Environmental Protection Agency (Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations Parts 190 et seq.). The Federal Highway Administration (FHA) of the Department of Transportation has authority to enforce noise standards pertaining to
licensed interstate vehicles with a gross weight of over 10,000 pounds, providing the enforcement authority has
been authorized “curbing” (i.e., police) authority. State and local jurisdictions may adopt the Environmental Protection Agency regulations with-out amendment in order to
enforce the regulations. However many cities, including Los Angeles, have not done so because noise emissions, as described previously and below, can be enforced locally as nuisance noise under other authorities.

The California Department of Motor Vehicles has jurisdiction over vehicle noise emissions within California. California Motor Vehicle Code Section 23130 establishes vehicle noise limits for moving vehicles, including interstate trucks that operate on streets, highways and freeways within the state, and regulates noise impacts on adjacent land uses. The
provisions are enforced by the California Highway Patrol and local law enforcement agencies, such as city police.

Streets opened for biking for Beach Streets celebration 44 Noise Plan
5 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
Trucks tend to generate greater noise than cars. Certain types of trucks are prohibited by the State from traveling on certain State highways due to safety considerations.

Freeways serve as the primary truck freight haul routes.

Within the City, trucks are allowed to travel on streets except where prohibited by State regulations or by weight or height limits, such as on bridges, in tunnels and on some substandard streets. Because trucks can travel on
most streets and highways in Long Beach, truck noise can impact all areas of the city. Areas especially impacted tend to be those that are located adjacent to industrial and warehouse sites. Truck traffic impacts, including noise, are such a problem near the Port of Long Beach and along the SR-91, I-605, I-710 and I-405 Freeways.

Freeway Noise
By the late 1960s, freeways were a major source of noise throughout the State. Entire communities were impacted, especially at night, by the steady hum or roar generated by fast moving traffic. In 1973-74 state and federal agencies, in response to the 1969 National Environmental Policy Act, adopted formal policies and criteria for construction of noise barriers to mitigate impacts. In California, the responsibility for freeway and highway noise management was assumed
by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans).

As a part of the nationwide highway noise abatement
effort, Caltrans instituted a noise management program
to reduce impacts from existing and new freeways on
residential, school and other noise sensitive uses.

The program utilized noise barriers (sound walls) and/
or building modification methods. Where sound walls
alone cannot reduce interior sound to acceptable levels, buildings sometimes are modified by adding or improving air conditioning, acoustical glass and/or other noise
insulation features.

Future traffic noise contours, consistent with Land Use Element and Mobility Element assumptions, have been
modeled and are shown in Figure 4. Detailed traffic noise contour maps are provided in the appendix.

Strategy No. 6Minimize vehicular traffic noise in residential areas and near noise-sensitive land uses.
» Policy N 6-1: Ensure noise-compatible land uses
along existing and future roadways, highways, and
freeways.
» Policy N 6-2: Use the “Land Use Compatibility
Guidelines” and established Noise Standards or other
measures that are acceptable to the City, to guide
land use and zoning reclassification, subdivision,
conditional use and use variance determinations and
environmental assessment considerations, especially
relative to sensitive uses, as defined by this chapter
within a line-of-sight of freeways, major highways, or
truck haul routes.
» Policy N 6-3: Continue to work with the California
Department of Transportation (Caltrans) to install,
maintain, and update freeway and highway rightsof-way buffers and sound walls. » Policy N 6-4: Work toward understanding and
reducing traffic noise in residential neighborhoods
with a focus on analyzing the effects of traffic noise
exposure throughout the City.
» Policy N 6-5: Establish and enforce designated truck
routes on specified arterial streets to minimize the
negative impacts to noise sensitive uses throughout
the City.
» Policy N 6-6: For future noise sensitive land uses
proposed within the 65 dBA Ldn noise contours, a
qualified acoustical consultant shall conduct a noise
analysis to determine appropriate measures are
implemented to meet the necessary exterior and
interior noise standards.
» Policy N 6-7: Enforce regulations that address noise
generated by motorcycles and support education
efforts to create awareness and encourage compliance
(such as posting signs along Ocean Boulevard).
» Policy N 6-8: Work with transit providers to evaluate and update fleet vehicle characteristics and
operations to minimize noise.
» Policy N 6-9: Encourage site planning and building
design measures that minimize the effects of traffic
noise in residential zones.
» Policy N 6-10: Evaluate the tone and pitch of
emergency vehicle sirens and truck backup sounds to
promote the least impactful approach.
» Policy N 6-11: Supoprt and promote the Air
Quality Management District’s (AQMD) program for
retirement of older vehicles, as they tend to generate
more noise than newer, more fuel-efficient vehicles.

Noise Plan | Creating Livable Environments 45
Noise Plan
5 DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (2/2019)
I:\RDG1701\GIS\FutureTrafficNoiseContours_Regional.mxd (2/27/2019) City of Long Beach Noise Element Update
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
55 dBA Ldn
60 dBA Ldn
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
75 dBA Ldn
80 dBA Ldn
85 dBA Ldn
Overview
0 0.75 1.5
MILES
Figure N-4, Future Traffic Noise Contours (2040) Overview (Detailed maps available in Appendix) 46 Noise Plan
5 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
Table N-5: Allowable Noise Exposure from Transportation Sources Allowable noise exposure levels from transportation sources provided in Table N-5 are intended to be used as a guide to establish a pattern of land uses that minimizes exposure of residents to excessive noise. In areas where transportation noise is not the dominant noise source, refer to stationary and operational standards in the Noise Ordinance of the Long Beach Municipal Code.

Land Use Ldn (dBA)
PlaceType Uses Interior1,2 Exterior3
Open Space
Open Space (OS)
Playgrounds, neighborhood
parks
N/A 70
Golf Courses, riding stables,
water recreation, cemeteries

N/A N/A
Neighborhoods
Founding and Contemporary Neighborhood (N)
Multi-Family Residential-Low (MRF-L)
Multi-Family Residential-Moderate (MRF-M)
Single-family, duplex and
multiple-family
45 65
Mobile home park N/A 65
Mixed-Use
Neighborhood-Serving Center or Corridor – Low (NC-L)
Neighborhood-Serving Center or Corridor – Low (NC-M)
Transit-Oriented Development – Low (TOD-L)
Transit-Oriented Development – Moderate (TOD-M)
Single-family 45 65
Mobile home park N/A 65
Multiple-family, mixed-use 45 654
Transient lodging-motels, hotels 45 65
Sports arenas, outdoor spectator
sports

N/A N/A
Auditoriums, concert halls,
amphitheaters
45 N/A
Office buildings, business,
commercial and professional
50 N/A
Employment
Community Commercial (CC)
Industrial (I)
Neo-Industrial (NI)
Manufacturing, utilities,
agriculture

N/A N/A
Office buildings, business,
commercial and professional
50 N/A
Unique
Regional Serving Facility RSF)
Downtown (DT)
Waterfront (WF)
Schools, nursing homes, day care
facilities, hospitals, convalescent
facilities, dormitories
45 65
Government Facilities – offices,
fire stations, community
buildings
45 N/A
Places of Worship, churches 45 N/A
Libraries 45 N/A
Multiple-family, mixed-use 45 654
Utilities N/A N/A
Cemeteries N/A N/A
1 Interior habitable environment excludes bathrooms, closets, and corridors. 2 Interior noise standards shall be satisfied with windows in the closed position. Mechanical ventilation shall be provided per Uniform Building Code requirements.
3 Exterior noise level standard to be applied at outdoor activity areas (e.g., private yards, private patio, or balcony of a multifamily residence). Where the location of an outdoor activity area is unknown or not applicable, the noise standard shall be applied inside the property line of the receiving land use. 4 Within the NC-M, TOD-L, TOD-M, DT and WF PlaceType designations, exterior space standards apply only to common outdoor recreational areas.

Ldn = Day-Night Average Level
dBA = A-weighted decibels
N/A = Not Applicable
Noise Plan | Creating Livable Environments 47
Noise Plan
5 DRAFT December 2019
Strategy No. 7 Promote multimodal mobility to reduce
noise generated from vehicular traffic.
» Policy N 7-1: Encourage the use of active
transportation modes (walking, bicycling), micromobility (electric vehicles) and transit as stipulated in the Mobility Element to minimize traffic noise in the
City.
» Policy N 7-2: Work with local and regional transit
agencies and businesses to provide transportation
services that reduce traffic and associated noise as
stipulated in the Mobility Element.
» Policy N 7-3: Evaluate private development proposals
to ensure provisions for multimodal mobility where
feasible.
» Policy N 7-4: Factor multimodal mobility as part of
decisions affecting use and priority of public rightsof-way.

Strategy No. 8 Implement street design and maintenance
practices to minimize vehicular noise impacts.
» Policy N 8-1: Employ noise mitigation practices,
as necessary, when designing future streets and
highways, and when improvements occur along
existing road segments. Mitigation measures should
emphasize the establishment of buffers or setbacks
between the arterial roadways and adjoining noisesensitive areas. » Policy N 8-2: Consider traffic calming design, such as “road diets,” traffic control measures, and low-noise
pavement surfaces that minimize motor vehicle
traffic noise.
» Policy N 8-3: Consider the noise impacts on adjacent
residential uses associated with establishing stop
signs or other traffic control or traffic calming devices. » Policy N 8-4: Maintain roadways so that the paving is in good condition to reduce noise-generating cracks,
bumps, and potholes and ensure steel plates are
properly installed where needed.
» Policy N 8-5: Consider using roadway sound
attenuation techniques for resurfacing projects that
use “quiet” pavement or noise-reducing rubberized
asphalt.

Rail
Noise from rail systems is localized, impacting
immediately adjacent communities. This section addresses noise management relative to rail systems within the
City. Currently, three main freight rail lines pass through the City that are operated by Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation (BNSF) Railway, Union Pacific Railroad
Company (UPRR), and Pacific Harbor Line Incorporated
(PHL). The rail lines run north-south through the west
side of the City, through the northwest corner of the City, around the neighborhood of North Long Beach.

In addition to freight activities, the Metro Blue Line which serves as public transit, is part of the Metro Rail System that runs north-south from Los Angeles to Long Beach,
traveling south via Long Beach Avenue, Willowbrook
Avenue, and Long Beach Boulevard to its final destination at the Long Beach Transit Gallery. The Metro Blue Line
operates daily, including all major holidays.

Railways in Long Beach serve the industrial sites located in the northwest and southwest sectors of the community and typically operate at 20-30 mph. The major source
of noise in trains operating in Long Beach is the diesel locomotive. The propulsion system includes a diesel
engine driving an electrical generator which in turn
provides power to the wheels. The water-cooling system
for the engine requires auxiliary equipment such as
cooling fans which are an additional source of noise. The separate sources of noise are: the exhaust, engine, fans, and wheel-to-rail noise.

Freeway interchange in Long Beach
48 Noise Plan
5 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
A unique source of noise in the locomotive is the horn
which produces the highest sound levels, up to about
115 dBA. Another noise source in a train is the rolling stock or vehicles being pulled by the locomotive. The noise
exposures produced by these vehicles is due primarily
to the interaction between the wheels and the rails. This noise will be dependent on the type and condition of
the railway and the suspension of the vehicle. Items such as welded track and hydraulic shock absorbers on the
wheel assemblies can produce significant (5-10 dBA) noise reductions. Other types of surface tracked vehicles, such as those used for rapid transit system, will produce lower noise emissions. Some residential neighborhoods near
active rail lines are impacted by noise from intermittent passing trains and associated rail and truck activities.

Strategy No. 9 Minimize train noise in residential areas and near noise-sensitive land uses.
» Policy N 9-1: Encourage noise-compatible land uses
and incorporate noise-reducing design features
within transit-oriented, mixed-use development near
rail corridors.
» Policy N 9-2: Encourage all active railroads within the City to schedule trains during daylight hours when
possible.
» Policy N 9-3: Encourage the rail operators, both
freight and passenger, to minimize the level of
noise produced by train movements and horn noise
within the City by reducing the number of night time
operations, improving vehicle system technology,
and developing improved sound barriers where
residences exist next to the track.
» Policy N 9-4: Work with rail operators to install and maintain noise mitigation features where operations
adversely impact existing or planned residential and
other noise-sensitive land uses.
» Policy N 9-5: Require future rail projects under the
City’s control to analyze noise impacts and to identify and incorporate noise and vibration reducing features
in the project design.
» Policy N 9-6: Work with Metro to provide that the
design and operation of the Blue Line tracks, crossings, and station area use approaches that will minimize
noise impacts associated with train operations on the
community.
» Policy N 9-7: Coordinate with affected agencies
including California Public Utilities Commission,
rail operators, and Federal Railroad Administration
to evaluate potential locations for Quiet Zone
improvements (reduced train horn areas) and
implement recommended safety improvements to
result in reduced need and frequency of train horn
use.
» Policy N 9-8: Explore Port to Alameda Corridor “Quiet Zone” implementation.
» Policy N 9-9: Continue to assess new methods and
apply appropriate technologies to reduce rail-related
noise such as application of sound-deadening
matting (as opposed to wood) leading to, from and
between the rails where public roads cross tracks in
residential areas.

Aircraft
The primary source of aircraft noise in Long Beach is from the Long Beach Airport, though other neighboring airports, including Los Angeles International, may also impact Long Beach residents. Operations at the Long Beach Airport
include commercial air carriers, commuter flights, industrial planes, charter flights, and other general aviation as well as emergency and police helicopter activities. Management
of aircraft and airport related noise impacts are within federal, state and/or local authority jurisdiction.

Federal regulations are through the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA). The Caltrans Aeronautics Program
(CAP) administers the enforcement of federal airport
regulations in the state of California. CAP sets noise
guidelines for local airports. In addition, the state provides noise level guidelines for land uses surrounding airport and those within the airport land use plan with the main focus being interior noise level standards.

Noise Plan | Creating Livable Environments 49
Noise Plan
5 DRAFT December 2019
In addition to the CAP, State law (Public Utilities Code Section 21670 et seq.) requires creation of county Airport Land Use Commissions (ALUCs). The ALUCs advise local
jurisdictions concerning coordination of airport and
land use planning for adjacent geographic areas in order to achieve orderly expansion of airports, reduction of
community exposure to excessive noise and elimination
of safety hazards associated with airport operations. The ALUCs prepare and adopt Comprehensive Airport Land
Use Plans (CLUPs). Local methods for regulation of noise impacts is through proactive land use planning. The
primary regulating tool for airport compatibility is the City of Long Beach compatibility ordinance. Chapter 16.43 of the City of Long Beach Municipal Code was established in 1995 giving the City one of the strictest noise-controlled airports in the United States. In 1990, out of concern over the proliferation of local airport noise control regulations, Congress passed the Airport Noise and Capacity Act,
giving noise control to the federal government and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). However, the City was able to work with the federal government and the FAA to retain the Ordinance, as “grandfathered” under the legislation. The Ordinance includes many details including, but not limited to, number of flights restrictions, maximum allowed noise exposure levels, a monetary violation process, incentives for quieter operations, and pilot education programs.

Federal Aviation Regulations, Part 150,
“Airport Noise Compatibility Planning”
As a means of implementing the Aviation Safety and
Noise Abatement Act, the FAA adopted Regulations on
Airport Noise Compatibility Planning Programs. The FAA
published noise and land use compatibility charts to be used for land use planning with respect to aircraft noise. An expanded version of this chart appears in Aviation Circular 150/5020-1 (dated August 5, 1983). These guidelines
represent recommendations to local authorities for
determining acceptability and permissibility of land uses.

The guidelines recommend a maximum amount of noise
exposure (in terms of the cumulative noise metric DNL)
that might be considered acceptable or compatible to
people in living and working areas. Residential land use is deemed acceptable for noise exposures up to 65 dB DNL.

The FAA permits substitution of CNEL for DNL in California.

Helicopter Operations
Helicopter noise, unlike that of fixed-wing aircraft, is associated with the sound generated by rotor blades
slapping against wind currents, not by the aircraft engine.

Improvements in rotor systems is the primary means of
reducing noise generated by helicopters. Even with noise suppression improvements, helicopter flight at 500 feet creates an audible sound that is especially noticeable at night. National “Fly Neighborly” guidelines are implemented voluntarily by most pilots, thereby reducing noise impacts, especially in the vicinity of residential neighborhoods and noise sensitive uses.

Long Beach Airport runway
50 Noise Plan
5 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
Strategy No. 10 While the operations of airports and
airport related uses are noisy by nature, the adverse effects of aircraft-related noise should be minimized.
» Policy N 10-1: Ensure that new development can
be made compatible with the noise environment by
using noise/land use compatibility standards and
the airport noise contour maps as guides to future
planning and development decisions.
» Policy N 10-2: When making land use decisions, give
careful consideration to the type and density of land
use and its cumulative impacts so that appropriate
decisions are made for the airport, its context, and its environment. Specific consideration should be given
for all development within two miles of an airport.
» Policy N 10-3: Support efforts of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and other responsible agencies
to require the development of quieter aircraft.
» Policy N 10-4: Utilize information provided by the
Long Beach Airport Quarterly Environmental Reports,
specifically noise contours, to advise land owners of
special noise considerations associated with their
development.
» Policy N 10-5: Continue to work with the FAA, airport staff and aircraft operators to ensure that future
operations are in compliance with the City’s noise
goals, where possible.
» Policy N 10-6: Require private heliports/helistops to comply with the City noise ordinances and Federal
Aviation Administration standards.
» Policy N 10-7: Work with interest groups to reduce
helicopter noise impacts and direct helicopter
operators to perform any training exercises over
non-populated portions of the City, not over
residential areas.
» Policy N 10-8: Continue open communications with
citizens through continued outreach. Continued use
of WebTrak or a similar system will allow the ability
for residents to give feedback to the City on noise
impacts experienced such that further meaningful
communication can continue with Federal and
airport staff.
» Policy N 10-9: Continue to evaluate potential noise
impacts and compatibility through analysis and
mitigation required by the National Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA) and California Environmental
Quality Act (CEQA).

Watercraft
Watercraft operation noise is a concern for noise sensitive receivers located near the City’s coast and waterways.

Watercraft noise levels vary greatly depending on the size of the engines and noise levels are magnified when improper muffling occurs. The Long Beach Marine Department has
the responsibility to regulate noise levels on the City’s coast and waterways. Typically, watercraft are divided into two general categories: personal watercraft and boats. Personal watercraft typically refer to non-motorized vessels such as kayaks and paddle boats as well as motorized vessels such as sea-doos and jet skis. Boats are typically divided into three sub-categories: man-powered boats such as
gondolas; sailboats which are wind-propelled; and motor boats. The motor boat category ranges from small fishing and ski boats to cruise liners and tug boats. In areas of low speed, boat noise is generally not a concern, with the use of proper mufflers.

Strategy No. 11 Minimize watercraft noise level impacts to residential areas and in other locations near noise-sensitive uses, where possible.
» Policy N 11-1: Continue to require the Long Beach
Parks, Recreation and Marine Department to enforce
the noise requirements within the California Harbors
and Navigation Code.

Watercraft in Rainbow Harbor
Noise Plan | Creating Livable Environments 51
Noise Plan
5 DRAFT December 2019
» Policy N 11-2: Enforce speed limits near the coastline and on the existing water channels.
» Policy N 11-3: Continue communications with
the Marine Department on responding to and
documenting noise complaints.
» Policy N 11-4: Ensure that boat owners receive
information on proper noise management
practices, especially those leasing City slips or
with City-registered docks. Strategies include
informational signage and education.

CONSTRUCTION
Construction activities are a necessary and on-going
source of noise throughout all parts of the City. The
duration of construction noise ranges from a few hours to multiple months. Construction activities are regulated by the City’s Municipal Code, which limits typical construction activities to the daytime hours, except under special
circumstances. The type of construction equipment and
duration of activities greatly affect the amount of noise and vibration created. Activities include hauling materials, site preparation, grading, building erection, and other specialized construction activities.

Strategy No. 12 Minimize construction noise and vibration levels in residential areas and in other locations near noisesensitive uses where possible. » Policy N 12-1: Reduce construction, maintenance,
and nuisance noise at the source, when possible, to
reduce noise conflicts.
» Policy N 12-2: Limit the allowable hours for
construction activities and maintenance operations
near sensitive uses.
» Policy N 12-3: As part of the City’s Municipal Code,
establish noise levels standards based on PlaceType
and time of day, to which construction noise shall
conform.
» Policy N 12-4: Encourage off-site fabrication to
reduce needed onsite construction activities and
corresponding noise levels and duration.
» Policy N 12-5: Encourage the following construction
best practices:
• Schedule high-noise and vibration-producing
activities to a shorter window of time during the
day outside early morning hours to minimize
disruption to sensitive uses.
• Grading and construction contractors should
use equipment that generates lower noise and
vibration levels, such as rubber-tired equipment
rather than metal-tracked equipment.
• Construction haul truck and materials delivery
traffic should avoid residential areas whenever
feasible.
• The construction contractor should place
noise- and vibration-generating construction
equipment and locate construction staging areas
away from sensitive uses whenever feasible.
• The construction contractor should use on-site
electrical sources to power equipment rather
than diesel generators where feasible.

Construction of city hall
52 Noise Plan
5 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
• All residential units located within 500 ft of
a construction site should be sent a notice
regarding the construction schedule. A sign
legible at a distance of 50 ft should also be
posted at the construction site. All notices and
the signs should indicate the dates and durations
of construction activities, as well as provide
a telephone number for a “noise disturbance
coordinator.”
• A “noise disturbance coordinator” should be
established. The disturbance coordinator
should be responsible for responding to any
local complaints about construction noise. The
disturbance coordinator should determine the
cause of the noise complaint (e.g., starting too
early, bad muffler) and should be required to
implement reasonable measures to reduce noise
levels.
» Policy N 12-6: Continue to provide information
bulletins dispersing information on municipal code
requirements and recommended best practices.
» Policy N 12-7: Work together with the AQMD to
encourage the retirement of older construction
equipment in favor of newer, quieter, and less
polluting equipment.

SPECIAL EVENTS
Long Beach provides a desirable setting for special
events of many forms. These events include, but are not limited to, community festivals, runs/walks, citywide
holiday celebrations, Long Beach Grand Prix, Long Beach Marathon, Long Beach Lesbian and Gay Pride Parade and
Celebration, Jazz Festival, film production, and events hosted at the Queen Mary. Special events provide economic development and tourism, however, with residents living in close proximity to these events, ensuring managed
frequency and intensity of the noise from these events is a priority for the City. Long Beach strives for an informed, balanced approach to managing the needs of these events while continuing to prioritize the wellbeing of residents.

Special event in Long Beach
Noise Plan | Creating Livable Environments 53
Noise Plan
5 DRAFT December 2019
Strategy No. 13 Balance the needs of special events while prioritizing the well-being of residents.
» Policy N 13-1: Ensure consistency and clear
communication between the various City
departments involved in noise. Strategies may
include posting an online calendar of special events
and providing information bulletins.
» Policy N 13-2: Provide a efficient and standardized
process for Special Events permitting in order to
increase predictability for residents and applicants.
» Policy N 13-3: Implement and enforce procedures
related to noise level requirements for large special
events.
» Policy N 13-4: Communicate regularly with
residents about the Special Events that may impact
them through appropriate channels to increase
transparency and timely information.
» Policy N 13-5: Consider geographic distribution of
special events throughout the City by managing
frequency and intensity of events.
» Policy N 13-6: Stay up-to-date with sound mitigation
technology for Special Events.

ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND

SOCIAL EQUITY
Environmental justice and social equity, as they relate to sound, are important aspects of planning for a healthy
noise environment for all residents of Long Beach. Creating a more equitable distribution of noise is one of the four primary goals of this Noise Element. Environmental
justice entails equitable treatment and enforcement of
environmental laws, regulations, and policies as they
may disproportionately affect marginalized groups. It
also emphasizes meaningful participation from affected
groups.

Strategy No. 14 Ensure meaningful participation in the
public process by all members of the community, especially historically excluded or marginalized groups.
» Policy N 14-1: Ensure that affected residents have the opportunity to participate in decisions that impact
their health.
» Policy N 14-2: Facilitate the involvement of residents, businesses, and organizations in all aspects of the
planning process.
» Policy N 14-3: Utilize culturally appropriate
approaches to public participation and involvement.

Sound wall to protect residential neighborhood from noise 54 Noise Plan
5 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
» Policy N 14-4: Identify those areas of the City most
vulnerable to environmental hazards through
CalEnviroScreen, the Environmental Justice Screening
Model (EJSM) or other model.

Strategy No. 15 Reduce the disproportionate
environmental noise burdens affecting low-income and
minority populations.
» Policy N 15-1: Require that proposals for new
sensitive land uses are located adequate distances
from freeways and major roadways based on an
analysis of physical and meteorological conditions at
the project site.
» Policy N 15-2: Require that proposals for new
sensitive land uses incorporate adequate setbacks,
barriers, landscaping, or other measures as necessary
to minimize noise impacts.
» Policy N 15-3: Provide adequate buffers between
schools and industrial facilities and transportation
corridors.
» Policy N 15-4: Require that zoning regulations
provide adequate separation and buffering of
residential and industrial uses.
» Policy N 15-5: Ensure that low-income and minority
populations understand the effect of projects with
noise impacts.
» Policy N 15-6: Initiate outreach efforts as early as
possible in the decision-making process before
significant resources have been invested in a
particular outcome.
» Policy N 15-7: Support traffic and highway
techniques and technologies that reduce noise
impacts of vehicular traffic through traffic calming,
noise barriers, pavement design and other measures.

NOISE MANAGEMENT
Long Beach makes a continual effort to regulate noise and create buffers from sources of noise to surrounding sensitive receptors and land uses. Enforcement of regulations is
ongoing, and efforts are made to inform the public through a variety of means, such as through information bulletins.

One method of imposing noise regulations is through the enforcement of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). Through the review of projects in compliance with CEQA, noise mitigation measures are prescribed through
approved Mitigation and Monitoring Programs to limit
excessive noise. The CEQA process provides a tailored
environmental analysis to address project-specific impacts and individual context.

Noise mitigations are typically divided into measures
addressing construction activities and measures addressing project design and operation. For construction noise,
potential mitigation measures include equipment mufflers, quieter models of air compressors, locating stationary
noise-generating equipment farther from sensitive
receptors, no unnecessary idling of internal combustion equipment, routing construction-related traffic away from sensitive receptors, hours of loading/unloading, 150-foot radius noticing for construction activities, establishing a construction liaison to respond to noise complaints and provide corrections, provision of temporary noise barriers or blankets, and site-specific vibration mitigation.

For project design and operation noise mitigation, potential mitigation measures include appropriate site planning
(for example, locating shared residential spaces behind buildings to reduce noise exposure), mechanical ventilation in residential areas in higher noise areas to allow for closed windows if desired, installation of sound-rated windows and construction methods, strategic placement of loading/ unloading areas, placement of HVAC in mechanical rooms
whenever possible, and provision of localized noise barriers or rooftop parapets around mechanical equipment.

Strategy No. 16 Continue to actively enhance the
regulation and management of noise to improve
procedures and minimize noise impacts.
» Policy N 16-1: Create a one-stop shop for noise
concerns of all types to streamline processes, obtain
information and report complaints.

Noise Plan | Creating Livable Environments 55
Noise Plan
5 DRAFT December 2019
» Policy N 16-2: Explore implementation of a noise
reporting app in collaboration with existing platforms
such as Go Long Beach.
» Policy N 16-3: Develop a framework for improved
inter-agency coordination such as with the Federal
Rail Administration, Federal Highway Administration,
Federal Aviation Administration, and California
Department of Motor Vehicles.
» Policy N 16-4: Compile best noise mitigation
practices for key industries (such as special events,
bars/entertainment, industrial and commercial uses,
and construction practices).
» Policy N 16-5: Update the Noise Ordinance to carry
out the Noise Element and periodically update based
on community input and updates in technology and
best practices.
» Policy N 16-6: Regularly evaluate and update
strategies for management of nuisance noise such as:
• Updating leaf blower requirements to encourage
use of electric leaf blowers versus gas-powered
machines.
• Enhancing methods for managing animal noise
(such as from dogs and birds).
• Improving communications and enforcement
for house parties and other neighborhood
disturbances.
• Support business owners by providing
information on useful tools and best practices
and clarifying requirements.
» Policy N 16-7: Evaluate the development of a
mitigation program to provide sound-attenuating
improvements (such as updated windows) to older
buildings and residences using funds from noise
fines, grants or other sources.
» Policy N 16-8: Ensure adequate resources are
provided for enforcement of City noise regulations.
» Policy N 16-9: Improve communications regarding
noise regulations and processes through City
website features, information bulletins, and reporting
procedures.

Noise from delivery trucks can be classified as a nuisance noise 56 Noise Plan
5 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
This page left intentionally blank.

Administration +
Implementation
Maintaining the Noise Element
“I have been impressed with the urgency of doing. Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Being willing is not enough; we must do.” Leonardo da Vinci
Italian Artist, Scientist, and Inventor
6 6 Administration +
Implementation
Maintaining the Noise Element
Administration 59
Implementation 59
Administration + Implementation | Maintaining the Noise Element 59 6Imple Administration + mentation
DRAFT December 2019

ADMINISTRATION
The Noise Element provides the highest level of noise
guidance on a citywide basis. It provides guidance that will be implemented through the Municipal Code, zoning, public project consistency, development review process
and interagency coordination. The Noise Element further implements the PlaceType approach established in the
Land Use Element and interrelates with policies with
the broader Long Beach General Plan, especially those
established in the Mobility Element, Housing Element,
Urban Design Element and Open Space Element.

State law allows amendments to the Noise Element.

Amendments may be periodically initiated by staff, the
Planning Commission, City Council or a property owner.

State mandated elements, including the Noise Element, can only be amended four times per calendar year. However,
more than one change may be considered at each of these four opportunities. General Plan Amendments are adopted by resolution and approved immediately upon adoption of the resolution.

IMPLEMENTATION
To effectively implement the goals, strategies and policies of the Noise Element, implementing measures must be
reflective of local needs and carried out as an integrated program of complementary and mutually reinforcing
actions. Measures should be specific enough to implement the goals of the General Plan, while maintaining adaptability to allow flexibility in implementation throughout the
timeline of the General Plan.

The City is committed to regularly reviewing progress toward implementing the goals, policies and implementation
measures of the Noise Element. Since many of the factors and issues that the Element addresses change from time
to time, a review and progress report that is prepared
every two to three years will help ensure the City is
moving forward to achieve the Noise Plan’s vision and bold moves. This review will describe the status of each specific implementation strategy outlined. The review will also take into account the availability of new implementation tools and feedback from monitoring activities.

Noise Element policies are implemented through a variety of implementation tools including:
» Zoning (location of land uses, especially near sensitive receptors)
» Noise Ordinance
» Development Review (project design)
» Building and Housing Codes
» California Environmental Quality Act/National
Environmental Protection Act
» Consistency in Implementation (General Plan findings
for zoning, subdivisions, specific plans, capital
improvement projects)
» City Noise Procedures/Management
» Interagency Coordination
» Enforcement and Remedies
» Periodic Progress Reports
Table N-6 summarizes Noise Element strategies and
related policies from Chapter 5 (Noise Plan) and identifies responsible departments and the time frames to complete implementation strategies.
» Responsible Department(s). The lead City department
which has primary responsibility for completion of a
program will be listed. If any additional departments
or external agencies are involved in a critical or
supporting role, they are also listed.
» Time Frame. A time frame for existing and proposed
(new) strategies and programs will be identified.

Many strategies operate on an ongoing basis and
are indicated as such. The timelines presented are
only an estimate and may not occur as indicated
due to unforeseen events, changes in funding, or
City operations. Time frames are defined generally as
follows:
• Short-term = 0-5 years
• Mid-term = 5-10 years
• Long-term = 10-20 years
• Ongoing = May require short-, mid-, and
long-term actions
60 Administration + Implementation
6 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
Policy
Number Implementation Strategies
Time Frames
ShorttermMidtermLongterm Ongoing
Strategy No. 1: Apply site planning and other design strategies to reduce noise impacts, especially within the Founding and Contemporary Neighborhoods, Multifamily Residential—Low and Moderate, and Neighborhood-Serving Centers and Corridors – Low and Moderate PlaceTypes.

N 1-1 Integrate noise considerations into the land use planning process in order to prevent new land use noise conflicts.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 1-2 Require noise attenuation measures to be incorporated into all development and redevelopment of sensitive receptor uses, including residential, health care facilities, schools, libraries, senior facilities, and churches in close proximity to existing or known planned rail lines.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 1-3 Ensure development and redevelopment is considerate of the natural shape and contours of a site in order to reduce noise impacts.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 1-4 Encourage developers or landowners to incorporate noise reduction features in the site planning process.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 1-5 Incorporate urban design strategies such as courtyards, paseos, alleys, plazas and open space areas to provide a buffer to noise sensitive uses.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 1-6 Ensure that project site design and function minimize the potential adverse impacts of noise.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 1-7 Encourage educational facilities to locate playgrounds, sports fields, and other outdoor activity areas away from residential areas.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 1-8 Require new development to provide facilities which support the use of multimodal transportation, including, walking, bicycling, carpooling and, transit.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 1-9 Utilize noise barriers after all practical design-related noise measures have been integrated into the project. In instances where sound walls are necessary, they should be incorporated into the architectural and site character of the development and pedestrian access should be integrated.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Department: Public Works
•
Strategy No. 2: Create a balance of business practices within dynamic, active, and engaging areas such as the Transit-Oriented Development – Low and Moderate, Downtown, and Waterfront PlaceType areas to promote activity while respecting adjacent sensitive uses.

N 2-1 Ensure that developments located in commercial or entertainment areas do not exceed stationary-source noise standards at the property line of proximate residential or commercial uses.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 2-2 Require mitigation measures for new high-generating uses adjacent to sensitive receptors.

Responsible Department: Development Services •
N 2-3 Require that high-generating uses engage in responsible management and operation to control the activities of their patrons on-site and within reasonable and legally justifiable proximity to minimize noise impacts on adjacent residences.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Departments: Police, Health and Human Services •
Table N-6: Implementation Matrix
Administration + Implementation | Maintaining the Noise Element 61 6Imple Administration + mentation
DRAFT December 2019
Policy
Number Implementation Strategies
Time Frames
ShorttermMidtermLongterm Ongoing
N 2-4 Develop, update and apply best practices for restaurants, bars and retail establishments with evening activities to ensure compatibility such as limitations on hours, location of trash/recycling, policies for rooftop activities, and communications with neighboring residents and businesses.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Departments: Police, Health and Human Services • •
Strategy No. 3: Capitalize on urban design techniques and business operation strategies within business and employment center PlaceTypes (Community Commercial, Industrial, Neo-Industrial, Regional-Serving Facility, Port of Long Beach) to minimize noise impacts on surrounding adjacent uses.

N 3-1 Provide sufficient spatial separation between industrial uses and sensitive receptors. Utilize mitigation measures where feasible to reduce the noise source, such as noise attenuation methods, interrupting the noise path, or insulating the receptor to minimize the exposure of noise-sensitive uses to excessive industrial-related noise.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 3-2 Ensure new industrial uses are in compliance with the City’s Noise Ordinance.

Responsible Department: Development Services •
N 3-3 Encourage industrial and commercial activities to restrict their receiving operations to daytime periods.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 3-4 Enforce established hours and routes for delivery trucks and truck traffic.

Responsible Department: Police •
N 3-5 Where sensitive receptors are located adjacent to industrial uses, reduce noise impacts through the use of noise barriers, restriction of operating hours, and investment in noise cancelling technology.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 3-6 Mitigate off-site impacts from port operations and consider development of grant programs for off-site port-related noise mitigations.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Department: Harbor Department
•
Strategy No. 4: Protext and buffer noise sensitive areas and uses through effective building design and material selection.

N 4-1 Encourage developers to utilize noise absorbing building materials.

Responsible Department: Development Services •
N 4-2 In mixed-use developments, locate and orient residential units away from noise sources associated with other uses on the site.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 4-3 In mixed-use developments, locate residential balconies and windows away from the primary street and from other uses on the site.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 4-4 In mixed-use developments, require techniques to prevent the transfer of noise and vibration to the residential uses on the site.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 4-5 Encourage building design that incorporates varying and/or angled wall articulation to disperse noise.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 4-6 Promote building design best practices such as staggering wall studs to minimize transmission of noise between rooms.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 4-7 Consider use of decorative walls and/or dense landscaping to further buffer noise between uses.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
62 Administration + Implementation
6 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
Policy
Number Implementation Strategies
Time Frames
ShorttermMidtermLongterm Ongoing
Strategy No. 5: Implement best practices to reduce impacts of noise from industrial sources N 5-1 In observance of requirements imposed by the California Air Resources Board (CARB), limit the idling of heavy trucks during night time hours to less than five minutes.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 5-2 Where feasible, require equipment enclosures for pumps and compressors that exceed Municipal Code noise standards.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 5-3 Encourage conduction of high-noise or high-vibration activities in a set window or time during the day.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 5-4 Industrial facility owners and/or operators should use equipment that generates lower noise and vibration levels, such as rubber-tired equipment rather than metal-tracked equipment.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 5-5 Commercial delivery truck traffic should avoid residential areas whenever feasible.

Responsible Department: Development Services •
N 5-6 Site design should consider sensitive receptor locations and place noise sources away from these uses when feasible.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 5-7 Encourage industrial operations to utilize on-site electrical sources to power equipment rather than diesel generators where feasible.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
Strategy No. 6: Minimize vehicular traffic noise in residential areas and near noise-sensitive land uses.

N 6-1 Ensure noise-compatible land uses along existing and future roadways, highways, and freeways.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 6-2 Use the “Land Use Compatibility Guidelines” and established Noise Standards or other measures that are acceptable to the City, to guide land use and zoning reclassification, subdivision, conditional use and use variance determinations and environmental assessment considerations, especially relative to sensitive uses, as defined by this chapter within a line-of-sight of freeways, major highways, or truck haul routes.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 6-3 Continue to work with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) to install, maintain, and update freeway and highway rights-of-way buffers and sound walls.

Responsible Department: Public Works
Outside Agency: Caltrans
•
N 6-4 Work toward understanding and reducing traffic noise in residential neighborhoods with a focus on analyzing the effects of traffic noise exposure throughout the City.

Responsible Department: Public Works
•
N 6-5 Establish and enforce designated truck routes on specified arterial streets to minimize the negative impacts to noise sensitive uses throughout the City.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Departments: Public Works, Police
• •
N 6-6 For future noise sensitive land uses proposed within the 65 dBA CNEL noise contours, a qualified acoustical consultant shall conduct a noise analysis to determine appropriate measures are implemented to meet the necessary exterior and interior noise standards.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 6-7 Enforce regulations that address noise generated by motorcycles and support education efforts to create awareness and encourage compliance (such as posting signs along Ocean Boulevard).

Responsible Department: Police
Supporting Department: City Manager
•
Administration + Implementation | Maintaining the Noise Element 63 6Imple Administration + mentation
DRAFT December 2019
Policy
Number Implementation Strategies
Time Frames
ShorttermMidtermLongterm Ongoing
N 6-8 Work with transit providers to evaluate and update fleet vehicle characteristics and operations to minimize noise.

Responsible Department: Public Works
Supporting Department: Long Beach Transit
•
N 6-9 Encourage site planning and building design measures that minimize the effects of traffic noise in residential zones.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 6-10 Evaluate the tone and pitch of emergency vehicle sirens and truck backup sounds to promote the least impactful approach.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Departments: Police, Fire
• •
N 6-11 Supoprt and promote the Air Quality Management District’s (AQMD) program for retirement of older vehicles, as they tend to generate more noise than newer, more fuel-efficient vehicles.

Responsible Department: City Manager
• •
Strategy No. 7: Promote multimodal mobility to reduce noise generated from vehicular traffic.

N 7-1 Encourage the use of active transportation modes (walking, bicycling), micro-mobility (electric vehicles) and transit as stipulated in the Mobility Element to minimize traffic noise in the City.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Department: Public Works
•
N 7-2 Work with local and regional transit agencies and businesses to provide transportation services that reduce traffic and associated noise as stipulated in the Mobility Element.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Department: Public Works
•
N 7-3 Evaluate private development proposals to ensure provisions for multimodal mobility where feasible.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 7-4 Factor multimodal mobility as part of decisions affecting use and priority of public rightsof-way.

Responsible Department: Public Works
Supporting Department: Development Services
•
Strategy No. 8: Implement street design and maintenance practices to minimize vehicular noise impacts.

N 8-1 Employ noise mitigation practices, as necessary, when designing future streets and highways, and when improvements occur along existing road segments. Mitigation measures should emphasize the establishment of buffers or setbacks between the arterial roadways and adjoining noise-sensitive areas.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Department: Public Works
•
N 8-2 Consider traffic calming design, such as “road diets,” traffic control measures, and low-noise pavement surfaces that minimize motor vehicle traffic noise.

Responsible Department: Public Works
Supporting Department: Development Services
•
N 8-3 Consider the noise impacts on adjacent residential uses associated with establishing stop signs or other traffic control or traffic calming devices.

Responsible Department: Public Works
Supporting Department: Development Services
•
N 8-4 Maintain roadways so that the paving is in good condition to reduce noise-generating cracks, bumps, and potholes and ensure steel plates are properly installed where needed.

Responsible Department: Public Works
Supporting Department: Development Services
•
64 Administration + Implementation
6 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
Policy
Number Implementation Strategies
Time Frames
ShorttermMidtermLongterm Ongoing
N 8-5 Consider using roadway sound attenuation techniques for resurfacing projects that use “quiet” pavement or noise-reducing rubberized asphalt.

Responsible Department: Public Works
Supporting Department: Development Services
•
Strategy No. 9: Minimize train noise in residential areas and near noise-sensitive land uses.

N 9-1 Encourage noise-compatible land uses and incorporate noise-reducing design features within transit-oriented, mixed-use development near rail corridors.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 9-2 Encourage all active railroads within the City to schedule trains during daylight hours when possible.

Responsible Department: Public Works
•
N 9-3 Encourage the rail operators, both freight and passenger, to minimize the level of noise produced by train movements and horn noise within the City by reducing the number of night time operations, improving vehicle system technology, and developing improved sound barriers where residences exist next to the track.

Responsible Department: Public Works
Supporting Department: Development Services
•
N 9-4 Work with rail operators to install and maintain noise mitigation features where operations adversely impact existing or planned residential and other noise-sensitive land uses.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Department: Public Works
•
N 9-5 Require future rail projects under the City’s control to analyze noise impacts and to identify and incorporate noise and vibration reducing features in the project design.

Responsible Department: Public Works
•
N 9-6 Work with Metro to provide that the design and operation of the Blue Line tracks, crossings, and station area use approaches that will minimize noise impacts associated with train operations on the community.

Responsible Department: Public Works
Supporting Department: Development Services
• •
N 9-7 Coordinate with affected agencies including California Public Utilities Commission, rail operators, and Federal Railroad Administration to evaluate potential locations for Quiet Zone improvements (reduced train horn areas) and implement recommended safety improvements to result in reduced need and frequency of train horn use.

Responsible Department: Public Works
•
N 9-8 Explore Port to Alameda Corridor “Quiet Zone” implementation.

Responsible Department: Public Works
Supporting Department: Harbor
•
N 9-9 Continue to assess new methods and apply appropriate technologies to reduce rail-related noise such as application of sound-deadening matting (as opposed to wood) leading to, from and between the rails where public roads cross tracks in residential areas.

Responsible Department: Public Works
•
Strategy No. 10: While the operations of airports and airport related uses are noisy by nature, the adverse effects of aircraft-related noise should be minimized.

N 10-1 Ensure that new development can be made compatible with the noise environment by using noise/land use compatibility standards and the airport noise contour maps as guides to future planning and development decisions.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Department: Long Beach Airport
•
Administration + Implementation | Maintaining the Noise Element 65 6Imple Administration + mentation
DRAFT December 2019
Policy
Number Implementation Strategies
Time Frames
ShorttermMidtermLongterm Ongoing
N 10-2 When making land use decisions, give careful consideration to the type and density of land use and its cumulative impacts so that appropriate decisions are made for the airport, its context, and its environment. Specific consideration should be given for all development within two miles of an airport.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 10-3 Support efforts of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and other responsible agencies to require the development of quieter aircraft.

Responsible Department: Long Beach Airport
•
N 10-4 Utilize information provided by the Long Beach Airport Quarterly Environmental Reports, specifically noise contours, to advise land owners of special noise considerations associated with their development.

Responsible Department: Long Beach Airport
•
N 10-5 Continue to work with the FAA, airport staff and aircraft operators to ensure that future operations are in compliance with the City’s noise goals, where possible.

Responsible Department: Long Beach Airport
•
N 10-6 Require private heliports/helistops to comply with the City noise ordinances and Federal Aviation Administration standards.

Responsible Department: Long Beach Airport
Supporting Department: Police
•
N 10-7 Work with interest groups to reduce helicopter noise impacts and direct helicopter operators to perform any training exercises over non-populated portions of the City, not over residential areas.

Responsible Department: Long Beach Airport
Supporting Department: City Manager
•
N 10-8 Continue open communications with citizens through continued outreach. Continued use of WebTrak or a similar system will allow the ability for residents to give feedback to the City on noise impacts experienced such that further meaningful communication can continue with Federal and airport staff.

Supporting Department: Long Beach Airport
•
N 10-9 Continue to evaluate potential noise impacts and compatibility through analysis and mitigation required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
Strategy No. 11: Minimize watercraft noise level impacts to residential areas and in other locations near noise-sensitive uses, where possible.

N 11-1 Continue to require the Long Beach Parks, Recreation and Marine Department to enforce the noise requirements within the California Harbors and Navigation Code.

Responsible Department: Parks, Recreation and Marine
Supporting Department: Harbor
•
N 11-2 Enforce speed limits near the coastline and on the existing water channels.

Responsible Department: Parks, Recreation and Marine
Supporting Department: Harbor
•
N 11-3 Continue communications with the Marine Department on responding to and documenting noise complaints.

Responsible Department: Health and Human Services
Supporting Departments: Parks, Recreation and Marine, Harbor •
N 11-4 Ensure that boat owners receive information on proper noise management practices, especially those leasing City slips or with City-registered docks. Strategies include informational signage and education.

Responsible Department: Parks, Recreation and Marine
• •
66 Administration + Implementation
6 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
Policy
Number Implementation Strategies
Time Frames
ShorttermMidtermLongterm Ongoing
Strategy No. 12: Minimize construction noise and vibration levels in residential areas and in other locations near noise-sensitive uses where possible.

N 12-1 Reduce construction, maintenance, and nuisance noise at the source, when possible, to reduce noise conflicts.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 12-2 Limit the allowable hours for construction activities and maintenance operations near sensitive uses.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 12-3 As part of the City’s Municipal Code, establish noise levels standards based on PlaceType and time of day, to which construction noise shall conform.

Responsible Department: Development Services
• •
N 12-4 Encourage off-site fabrication to reduce needed onsite construction activities and corresponding noise levels and duration.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 12-5 Encourage the following construction best practices:
• Schedule high-noise and vibration-producing activities to a shorter window of time during the day outside early morning hours to minimize disruption to sensitive uses. • Grading and construction contractors should use equipment that generates lower noise and vibration levels, such as rubber-tired equipment rather than metal-tracked equipment.
• Construction haul truck and materials delivery traffic should avoid residential areas whenever feasible.
• The construction contractor should place noise- and vibration-generating construction equipment and locate construction staging areas away from sensitive uses whenever feasible.
• All residential units located within 500 ft of a construction site should be sent a notice regarding the construction schedule. A sign legible at a distance of 50 ft should also be posted at the construction site. All notices and the signs should indicate the dates and durations of construction activities, as well as provide a telephone number for a “noise disturbance coordinator.”
• A “noise disturbance coordinator” should be established. The disturbance coordinator should be responsible for responding to any local complaints about construction noise. The disturbance coordinator should determine the cause of the noise complaint (e.g., starting too early, bad muffler) and should be required to implement reasonable measures to reduce noise levels.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 12-6 Continue to provide information bulletins dispersing information on municipal code requirements and recommended best practices.

Responsible Department: Health and Human Services
Supporting Departments: Development Services, City Manager •
N 12-7 Work together with the AQMD to encourage the retirement of older construction equipment in favor of newer, quieter, and less polluting equipment.

Responsible Department: City Manager
Supporting Department: Development Services
• •
Strategy No. 13: Balance the needs of special events while prioritizing the well-being of residents.

N 13-1 Ensure consistency and clear communication between the various City departments involved in noise. Strategies may include posting an online calendar of special events and providing information bulletins.

Responsible Department: City Manager
Supporting Department: Health and Human Services
• •
N 13-2 Provide a efficient and standardized process for special events permitting in order to increase predictability for residents and applicants.

Responsible Department: City Manager
•
N 13-3 Implement and enforce procedures related to noise level requirements for large special events.

Responsible Department: City Manager
Supporting Departments: Health and Human Services, Police •
Administration + Implementation | Maintaining the Noise Element 67 6Imple Administration + mentation
DRAFT December 2019
Policy
Number Implementation Strategies
Time Frames
ShorttermMidtermLongterm Ongoing
N 13-4 Communicate regularly with residents about the special events that may impact them through appropriate channels to increase transparency and timely information.

Responsible Department: City Manager
•
N 13-5 Communicate regularly with residents about the special events that may impact them through appropriate channels to increase transparency and timely information.

Responsible Department: City Manager
•
N 13-6 Stay up-to-date with sound mitigation technology for special events.

Responsible Department: City Manager
Supporting Department: Health and Human Services
•
Strategy No. 14: Ensure meaningful participation in the public process by all members of the community, especially historically excluded or marginalized groups.

N 14-1 Ensure that affected residents have the opportunity to participate in decisions that impact their health.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Departments: City Manager, Health and Human Services •
N 14-2 Facilitate the involvement of residents, businesses, and organizations in all aspects of the planning process.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Departments: City Manager, Health and Human Services •
N 14-3 Utilize culturally appropriate approaches to public participation and involvement.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Departments: City Manager, Health and Human Services •
N 14-4 Identify those areas of the City most vulnerable to environmental hazards through CalEnviroScreen, the Environmental Justice Screening Model (EJSM) or other model.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Department: Health and Human Services
•
Strategy No. 15: Reduce the disproportionate environmental noise burdens affecting low-income and minority populations.

N 15-1 Require that proposals for new sensitive land uses are located adequate distances from freeways and major roadways based on an analysis of physical and meteorological conditions at the project site.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 15-2 Require that proposals for new sensitive land uses incorporate adequate setbacks, barriers, landscaping, or other measures as necessary to minimize noise impacts.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 15-3 Provide adequate buffers between schools and industrial facilities and transportation corridors.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 15-4 Require that zoning regulations provide adequate separation and buffering of residential and industrial uses.

Responsible Department: Development Services
•
N 15-5 Ensure that low-income and minority populations understand the effect of projects with noise impacts.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Department: Public Works
•
N 15-6 Initiate outreach efforts as early as possible in the decision-making process before significant resources have been invested in a particular outcome.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Department: Public Works
•
N 15-7 Support traffic and highway techniques and technologies that reduce noise impacts of vehicular traffic through traffic calming, noise barriers, pavement design and other measures.

Responsible Department: Public Works
Supporting Department: Development Services
•
68 Administration + Implementation
6 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
DRAFT December 2019
Policy
Number Implementation Strategies
Time Frames
ShorttermMidtermLongterm Ongoing
Strategy No. 16: Continue to actively enhance the regulation and management of noise to improve procedures and minimize noise impacts.

N 16-1 Create a one-stop shop for noise concerns of all types to streamline processes, obtain information and report complaints.

Responsible Department: Health and Human Services
Supporting Departments: City Manager, Police, Development Services •
N 16-2 Explore implementation of a noise reporting app in collaboration with existing platforms such as Go Long Beach.

Responsible Department: Health and Human Services
Supporting Departments: City Manager
•
N 16-3 Develop a framework for improved inter-agency coordination such as with the Federal Rail Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Aviation Administration, and California Department of Motor Vehicles.

Responsible Department: Public Works
Supporting Department: Development Services
•
N 16-4 Compile best noise mitigation practices for key industries (such as special events, bars/ entertainment, industrial and commercial uses, and construction practices).

Responsible Department: City Manager
Supporting Department: Development Services
•
N 16-5 Update the Noise Ordinance to carry out the Noise Element and periodically update based on community input and updates in technology and best practices.

Responsible Department: Development Services
• •
N 16-6 Regularly evaluate and update strategies for management of nuisance noise such as:
• Updating leaf blower requirements to encourage use of electric leaf blowers versus gas-powered machines.
• Enhancing methods for managing animal noise (such as from dogs and birds). • Improving communications and enforcement for house parties and other neighborhood disturbances.
• Support business owners by providing information on useful tools and best practices and clarifying requirements.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Departments: Health and Human Services, Police •
N 16-7 Evaluate the development of a mitigation program to provide sound-attenuating improvements (such as updated windows) to older buildings and residences using funds from noise fines, grants or other sources.

Responsible Department: Development Services
Supporting Department: Health and Human Services
•
N 16-8 Ensure adequate resources are provided for enforcement of City noise regulations.

Responsible Department: Health and Human Services
Supporting Department: Police
•
N 16-9 Improve communications regarding noise regulations and processes through City website features, information bulletins, and reporting procedures.

Responsible Department: Health and Human Services
Supporting Departments: City Manager, Development Services • •
Appendix 7
“Cities have the capability of providing something
for everybody, only because, and only when, they
are created by everybody.”
Jane Jacobs
Urbanist, Author - The Death and Life of Great
American Cities
7 Appendix
Future Traffic Noise Contours (2040) 63
Appendix | Noise Contours 71
7Appendix
DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
1 3
2 4
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (2/2019)
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
55 dBA Ldn
60 dBA Ldn
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
75 dBA Ldn
80 dBA Ldn
0 1 2 85 dBA Ldn
MILES
72 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
Appendix
7 DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019)
0 2000 4000
FEET
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach City Centerlines
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
55 dBA Ldn
60 dBA Ldn
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
75 dBA Ldn
80 dBA Ldn
85 dBA Ldn
1 3
2 4
Appendix | Noise Contours 73
7Appendix
DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019) 0 2000 4000
FEET
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach City Centerlines
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
55 dBA Ldn
60 dBA Ldn
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
75 dBA Ldn
80 dBA Ldn
85 dBA Ldn
13 24
74 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
Appendix
7 DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019)
0 2000 4000
FEET
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach City Centerlines
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
55 dBA Ldn
60 dBA Ldn
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
75 dBA Ldn
80 dBA Ldn
85 dBA Ldn
1 3
2 4
Appendix | Noise Contours 75
7Appendix
DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019)
0 2000 4000
FEET
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach City Centerlines
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
55 dBA Ldn
60 dBA Ldn
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
75 dBA Ldn
80 dBA Ldn
85 dBA Ldn
1 3
2 4
76 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
Appendix
7 DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
13 9 10
5 6
1 2
14 11 12
7 8
3 4
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019)
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
65 dBA Ldn
0 1 2 70 dBA Ldn
MILES
Appendix | Noise Contours 77
7Appendix
DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019)
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach City Centerlines
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
13 9 10 5 6 1 2
14 11 12 7 8 3 4
0 1000 2000
FEET
78 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
Appendix
7 DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019)
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach City Centerlines
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
13 9 10
5 6
1 2
14 11 12
7 8
3 4
0 1000 2000
FEET
Appendix | Noise Contours 79
7Appendix
DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019)
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach City Centerlines
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
13 9 10 5 6 1 2
14 11 12 7 8 3 4
0 1000 2000
FEET
80 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
Appendix
7 DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019)
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach City Centerlines
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
13 9 10
5 6
1 2
14 11 12
7 8
3 4
0 1000 2000
FEET
Appendix | Noise Contours 81
7Appendix
DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019)
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach City Centerlines
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
13 9 10 5 6 1 2
14 11 12 7 8 3 4
0 1000 2000
FEET
82 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
Appendix
7 DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019)
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach City Centerlines
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
13 9 10
5 6
1 2
14 11 12
7 8
3 4
0 1000 2000
FEET
Appendix | Noise Contours 83
7Appendix
DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019)
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach City Centerlines
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
13 9 10 5 6 1 2
14 11 12 7 8 3 4
0 1000 2000
FEET
84 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
Appendix
7 DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019)
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach City Centerlines
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
13 9 10
5 6
1 2
14 11 12
7 8
3 4
0 1000 2000
FEET
Appendix | Noise Contours 85
7Appendix
DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019)
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach City Centerlines
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
13 9 10 5 6 1 2
14 11 12 7 8 3 4
0 1000 2000
FEET
86 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
Appendix
7 DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019)
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach City Centerlines
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
13 9 10
5 6
1 2
14 11 12
7 8
3 4
0 1000 2000
FEET
Appendix | Noise Contours 87
7Appendix
DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019)
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach City Centerlines
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
13 9 10 5 6 1 2
14 11 12 7 8 3 4
0 1000 2000
FEET
88 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
Appendix
7 DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019)
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach City Centerlines
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
13 9 10
5 6
1 2
14 11 12
7 8
3 4
0 1000 2000
FEET
Appendix | Noise Contours 89
7Appendix
DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019)
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach City Centerlines
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
13 9 10 5 6 1 2
14 11 12 7 8 3 4
0 1000 2000
FEET
90 Noise Element | City of Long Beach
Appendix
7 DRAFT December 2019
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
Garmin, USGS, Intermap, INCREMENT P,
NRCan, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong
Kong), Esri Korea, Esri (Thailand), NGCC, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017, 2/2019)
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach City Centerlines
Future 2040 Traffic Noise Contours
65 dBA Ldn
70 dBA Ldn
13 9 10
5 6
1 2
14 11 12
7 8
3 4
0 1000 2000
FEET
Appendix | Noise Contours 91
7Appendix
DRAFT December 2019
This page left intentionally blank.

Long Beach Development Services
333 W. Ocean Blvd., 3rd Floor | Long Beach, CA 90802 | 562.570.3807 | www.lbds.info www.facebook.com/LongBeachDevelopmentServices
@LongBeach DS
Follow us!

C ITY OF L ONG BEACH
MARCH 2021

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL I MPACT REPORT

GENERAL P LAN NOISE ELEMENT
P:\CLB1904.03 - Noise Element\CEQA\Draft EIR\Appendices\Slip Sheets\Appendix C.docx «03/12/21»

APPENDIX C

NATIVE AMERICAN CONSULTATION LETTERS

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL I MPACT REPORT

GENERAL P LAN NOISE ELEMENT

C ITY OF L ONG BEACH
MARCH 2021
P:\CLB1904.03 - Noise Element\CEQA\Draft EIR\Appendices\Slip Sheets\Appendix C.docx «03/12/21» This page intentionally left blank

CITY OF LONG BEACH
MARCH 2021

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL I MPACT REPORT

GENERAL PLAN N OISE E LEMENT
P:\CLB1904.03 - Noise Element\CEQA\Draft EIR\Appendices\Slip Sheets\Appendix D.docx «03/12/21»

APPENDIX D

NOISE EXISTING CONDITIONS REPORT
(LSA, 2018)

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL I MPACT REPORT

GENERAL PLAN N OISE E LEMENT

CITY OF LONG BEACH
MARCH 2021
P:\CLB1904.03 - Noise Element\CEQA\Draft EIR\Appendices\Slip Sheets\Appendix D.docx «03/12/21» This page intentionally left blank
General Plan NOISE ELEMENT UPDATE

EXISTING CONDITIONS
REPORT
This page intentionally left blank.

Existing Conditions Report
for the City of Long Beach Noise Element
Submitted to:

City of Long Beach
Development Services Department, Planning Bureau
333 West Ocean Boulevard
Long Beach, CA 90802
Prepared by:

LSA
20 Executive Park
Irvine, CA 92614
(949) 553-0666
Project No. RDG1701
RRM Design Group
32332 Camino Capistrano, Ste. 205
San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675
(949) 361-7950
This page intentionally left blank.

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction, Setting, and Fundamentals of Noise

1.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................................................1-1

1.2 Physical Setting..........................................................................................................................................................................................................1-2

1.3 Fundamentals of Noise and Vibration ...............................................................................................................................................................1-3

1.4 Existing Noise Sources...........................................................................................................................................................................................1-10

1.5 Existing Vibration Sources....................................................................................................................................................................................1-16

1.6 Community Engagement (Summary in Progress)........................................................................................................................................1-18

2.0 Existing Regulatory Setting

2.1 Federal Regulations..................................................................................................................................................................................................2-1

2.3 City of Long Beach..................................................................................................................................................................................................2-10

3.0 Existing Noise Analysis

3.1 Existing Noise Monitoring Results......................................................................................................................................................................3-1

3.2 Existing Traffic Noise Contours.............................................................................................................................................................................3-1

3.3 Existing Airport Noise Contours.........................................................................................................................................................................3-34

3.4 Existing Noise and Land Use Compatibility Discussion ............................................................................................................................3-34

3.5 References..................................................................................................................................................................................................................3-36 Appendix A- Traffic Data
Figures and Tables

FIGURES
Figure 1 – Existing Major Noise Sources.............................................................................................................................................................................1-11 Figure 2 – Noise Monitoring Locations................................................................................................................................................................................3-10 Figure 3 – Existing Traffic Noise Contours..........................................................................................................................................................................3-14 Figure 4 – Existing Long Beach Airport Noise Contours...............................................................................................................................................3-35 TABLES
Table A: Definitions of Acoustical Terms...............................................................................................................................................................................1-5 Table B: Common Sound Levels and Their Noise Sources..............................................................................................................................................1-5 Table C: Human Response to Different Levels of Ground-Borne Noise and Vibration.........................................................................................1-6 Table D: Construction Vibration Damage Criteria..............................................................................................................................................................2-1 Table E: California Office of Noise Control Land Use Compatibility Matrix for Community Noise Exposure 2-5 Table F: City General Plan Recommended Criteria for Maximum Acceptable Noise Levels1 in A-Weighted Decibels (dBA) 2-10 Table G: Maximum Local Noise Criteria...............................................................................................................................................................................2-11 Table H: Interior Noise Limits..................................................................................................................................................................................................2-12 Table I: Existing Long-Term 48-Hour Noise Level Measurements................................................................................................................................3-2 Table J: Existing Short-Term Noise Level Measurements................................................................................................................................................3-4 This page intentionally left blank.

AELUP Airport Environs Land Use Plans
AICUZ Air Installation Compatible Land Use Zone
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials International CCR California Code of Regulations
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
City City of Long Beach
CNEL Community Noise Equivalent Level
dB decibels
dBA A-weighted decibels
g Vibration unit equal to 9.81 m/s2
I-405 Interstate 405
I-605 Interstate 605
I-710 Interstate 710
IIC Impact Isolation Class
L10 noise level exceeded 10 percent of the time during a stated period L50 median noise level
L90 the noise level exceeded 90 percent of the time
Ldn day-night average level
L
eq equivalent continuous sound level
Lmax maximum noise level
Metro Los Angeles Country Metropolitan Transportation Authority mph miles per hour
OITC Outdoor-Indoor Sound Transmission Class
PPV peak particle velocity
RMS root-mean-square
SENEL Single Event Noise Equivalent Level
SR-1 State Route 1 or Pacific Coast Highway
SR-103 State Route 103
SR-22 State Route 22
SR-91 State Route 91
State State of California
STC Sound Transmission Class
VdB vibration velocity decibels
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
This page intentionally left blank.
1 Introduction, Setting,
and Fundamentals of
Noise
1 Introduction, Setting,
and Fundamentals of
Noise
» 1.1 Introduction.................................................................. 1-1 » 1.2 Physical Setting............................................................. 1-1 » 1.3 Fundamentals of Noise and Vibration....................... 1-3

1.3.1 Characteristics of Sound ...................................................... 1-3

1.3.2 Measurement of Sound........................................................ 1-4

1.3.3 Physiological Effects of Noise ............................................. 1-6

1.3.4 Fundamentals of Ground-borne Vibration ....................... 1-9 » 1.4 Existing Noise Sources................................................ 1-10

1.4.1 Sources .................................................................................. 1-10

1.4.2 Traffic Noise.......................................................................... 1-10

1.4.3 Rail Noise............................................................................... 1-12

1.4.4 Aircraft Noise ........................................................................ 1-13

1.4.5 Watercraft Noise................................................................... 1-14

1.4.6 Port of Long Beach............................................................... 1-14

1.4.7 Special Events Noise ............................................................ 1-14

1.4.8 Stationary Noise Sources .................................................... 1-15

1.4.9 Nuisance Noise..................................................................... 1-15 » 1.5 Existing Vibration Sources.......................................... 1-16

1.5.1 Vibration Sources ................................................................. 1-16

1.5.2 Construction Activity Vibration........................................... 1-16

1.5.3 Rail Activity Related Vibration............................................. 1-17

1.5.4 Heavy Vehicles and Buses................................................... 1-17

1.5.5 Other Sources of Vibration Annoyance............................. 1-17 » 1.6 Community Engagement ............................................ 1-18 Introduction, Setting, and the Fundamentals of Noise 1-1 1 Draft - February 2018

1.0 Introduction, Setting, and
Fundamentals of Noise

1.1 Introduction
Due to potential impacts associated with elevated
noise and vibration impacts and the effects on
citizens within its cities, the California legislature in 1972 mandated that a noise element be included as
part of city and county general plans. The current
State of California General Plan Guidelines provides
the specific requirements for a noise element (2003).

The Noise Element is a mandatory element of the City
of Long Beach General Plan, and sets forth policies
regarding noise and land use throughout the City.

The Noise Element was last updated in 1975, and was
implemented through a 1977 noise ordinance. Since
that time, the City’s physical makeup, population,
regional context, and the regulatory guidance
around noise have changed significantly.

This Existing Conditions Report discusses the
fundamental concepts of noise, provides a
comprehensive summary of noise in the City that will
inform the future Noise Element vision, goals and
policies, as they relate to the entirety of the General Plan Update, including the Land Use Element and
provides a summary of the existing regulations and
current General Plan Noise Element.

The Noise Element does the following:

Discusses noise characteristics and
documents the existing and potential
future noise environment for those in
the community,
Provides standards and references for
various public and private development
projects, as required by law,
Establishes uniformity of policy and
direction within the City concerning
actions to minimize or eliminate
noise pollution and to make decisions
regarding proposals that may have an
impact on the City’s noise environment,
Serves as an official guide to City
decision-makers and departments,
individual citizens, businesses, and
private organizations concerned with
noise pollution in the City, and
Provides policies and goals the decisionmakers can enforce in order to maintain a desirable environment as it relates
to noise and vibration on a day-to-day
basis.
1-2
1 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018

1.2 Physical Setting
The City of Long Beach is located approximately
24 miles south of the City of Los Angeles in Los
Angeles County, California. The City is surrounded
by neighboring cities including Los Angeles,
Carson, Compton, Cypress, Paramount, Bellflower,
Lakewood, Hawaiian Gardens, Los Alamitos, and
Seal Beach. The City is bounded to the south by the
Pacific Ocean. The City of Signal Hill is completely
surrounded by the City. The City is made up of
various community plan areas and neighborhoods,
which are presented on Map LU-4 of the Land Use
Element (City of Long Beach) which is anticipated to
be adopted in 2017. The City is generally bounded
by the major transportation facilities including
Interstate 605 (I-605), Interstate 710 (I-710), and
State Route 91 (SR-91), and is bisected by State Route
22 and Interstate 405 (I-405). Additionally, the Port of Long Beach is located in the southwestern corner of
the City and the Long Beach Airport is located in the
northcentral portion of the City.
110
110
105
710
710
Long Beach
Los Angeles
Signal Hill
Cypress
Compton Paramount
Lakewood
Carson
El Segundo
Santa
Monica
San Pedro
Seal Beach
5 5
5 405
10 10
405
405
605
605
101
91 91
Redondo Beach
Huntington Beach
Pacific Ocean
Introduction, Setting, and the Fundamentals of Noise 1-3 1 Draft - February 2018

1.3 Fundamentals of Noise and
Vibration

1.3.1 Characteristics of Sound
Sound is increasing in the environment and can
affect quality of life. Noise is usually defined as
unwanted sound. Noise consists of any sound that
may produce physiological or psychological damage
and/or interfere with communication, work, rest,
recreation, and sleep.

Loudness is determined by the intensity of the sound
waves combined with the reception characteristics of
the human ear. Sound intensity refers to how hard the
sound wave strikes an object, which in turn produces
the sound’s effect. This characteristic of sound can
be precisely measured with instruments. Typically, a
noise analysis defines the noise environment within
a specific area in terms of sound intensity and the
effect on adjacent sensitive land uses.

Pitch
Loudness
1-4
1 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018

1.3.2 Measurement of Sound
Sound intensity is measured through the A-weighted
scale to correct for the relative frequency response
of the human ear. That is, an A-weighted noise level
de-emphasizes low and very high frequencies of
sound similar to the human ear’s de-emphasis of
these frequencies. Unlike linear units, such as inches
or pounds, decibels are measured on a logarithmic
scale representing points on a sharply rising curve.

Sound levels are generated from a source, and their
decibel level decreases as the distance from that
source increases. Sound dissipates exponentially
with distance from the noise source. For a singlepoint source, sound levels decrease approximately 6 dB for each doubling of distance from the source.

This drop-off rate is appropriate for noise generated
by stationary equipment. If noise is produced by a line source (e.g., highway traffic or railroad operations)
the sound decreases 3 dB for each doubling of
distance in a hard site environment. Line source
noise in a relatively flat environment with absorptive
vegetation decreases 4.5 dB for each doubling of
distance.

CNEL is the time-varying noise over a 24-hour period,
with a 5 dBA weighting factor applied to the hourly
0 dB
500
1000
30 dB
20 0
Intensity of decibels A-weighted decibels (dBA) of ambient sounds 40 60 80 100
120
140
160
Ambient sounds generally range
from 30 decibels (very quiet) to 100
dBA (very loud)
Introduction, Setting, and the Fundamentals of Noise 1-5 1 Draft - February 2018
L
eq for noises occurring from 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m.
(defined as relaxation hours) and a 10 dBA weighting
factor applied to noise occurring from 10:00 p.m. to
7:00 a.m. (defined as sleeping hours). Ldn is similar
to the CNEL scale but without the adjustment for
events occurring during the evening hours. CNEL
and Ldn are within 1 dBA of each other and are
normally interchangeable. The noise adjustments
are added to the noise events occurring during the
more sensitive hours.

Another noise scale often used together with the
Lmax in noise ordinances for enforcement purposes
is noise standards in terms of percentile noise levels.

For example, the L10 noise level represents the noise
level exceeded 10 percent of the time during a stated
period. The L50 noise level represents the median
noise level. Half of the time the noise level exceeds
this level, and half of the time it is less than this
level. The L90 noise level represents the noise level
exceeded 90 percent of the time and is considered
the background noise level during a monitoring
period. For a relatively constant noise source, the Leq and L50 are approximately the same.

Noise impacts can be described in three categories.

The first includes audible impacts, which refer to
increases in noise levels noticeable to humans.

Audible increases in noise levels generally refer to
a change of 3 dB or greater, because this level has
been found to be barely perceptible in exterior
environments. The second category, potentially
audible, refers to a change in the noise level between
1 and 3 dB. This range of noise levels has been found
to be noticeable only in laboratory environments.

The last category includes changes in noise level of
less than 1 dB, which are inaudible to the human
ear. Only audible changes in existing ambient or
background noise levels are considered potentially
significant.

Audible impacts:
3 dB or greater
Potentially audible:
1 to 3 dB
Inaudible:
less than 1 dB
What level is audible?
1-6
1 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018

1.3.3 Physiological Effects of Noise
Physical damage to human hearing begins at
prolonged exposure to noise levels higher than
85 dBA. Exposure to high noise levels affects the
entire system, with prolonged noise exposure in
excess of 75 dBA increasing body tensions and
thereby affecting blood pressure and functions of
the heart and the nervous system. In comparison,
extended periods of noise exposure above 90 dBA
would result in permanent cell damage. When the
noise level reaches 120 dBA, a tickling sensation
occurs in the human ear, even with short-term
exposure. This level of noise is called the threshold
of feeling. As the sound reaches 140 dBA, the tickling
sensation is replaced by the feeling of pain in the
ear. This is called the threshold of pain. A sound
level of 160 dBA to 165 dBA will potentially result
in dizziness or loss of equilibrium. The ambient or
background noise problem is common and generally
more concentrated in urban areas than in outlying,
less-developed areas.

In addition to the audible effects of noise, research
has shown that prolonged exposure to elevated
noise levels may have other negative health effects.

As presented in Wolfgang Babisch’s Cardiovascular
Effects of Noise, sleep disturbance is considered a
major environmental effect. It is estimated that
80 to 90 percent of the reported cases of sleep
disturbance in noisy environments are for reasons
other than noise originating outdoors. Examples of
sleep disturbance causes include restroom trips;
indoor noises from other occupants; worries; illness;
and climate. Field studies conducted with people in
their normal living situations are scarce.

The primary sleep disturbance effects of noise are:
difficulty in falling asleep (increased sleep latency
time); awakenings; and alterations of sleep stages
or depth, especially a reduction in the proportion
of REM-sleep1. Other physiological effects can be
induced by noise during sleep, including increased
blood pressure; increased heart rate; increased
finger pulse amplitude; vasoconstriction; changes
in respiration; cardiac arrhythmia; and an increase
in body movements. For each of these physiological
effects, both the noise threshold and the noiseresponse relationships may be different. Different noises may also have different information content
and this also could affect physiological threshold and
noise-response relationships.

Exposure to night-time noise also induces secondary
effects, or so-called after effects. These are effects
that can be measured the day following the
night-time exposure, while the individual is awake.

The secondary effects include reduced perceived
sleep quality; increased fatigue; depressed mood or
well-being; and decreased performance.

Long-term effects on psychosocial well-being have
also been related to noise exposure during the night.

Noise annoyance during the night-time increased
the total noise annoyance expressed by people in
the following day. Various studies have also shown
that people living in areas exposed to night-time
noise have an increased use of sedatives or sleeping
pills. Other frequently reported behavioral effects of
night-time noise include closed bedroom windows
and use of personal hearing protection. Sensitive
groups include the elderly, shift workers, persons
especially vulnerable to physical or mental disorders
and other individuals with sleeping difficulties.

Table A lists definitions of acoustical terms and Table Physical damage to human hearing
begins at prolonged exposure to
noise levels higher than 85 dBA.

Extremely Painful
Loud
Very
Loud
Faint Moderate
160 150 140
130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
dBA
Introduction, Setting, and the Fundamentals of Noise 1-7 1 Draft - February 2018
B shows common sound levels and their noise sources.

Table A: Definitions of Acoustical Terms
Term Definition
Decibel, dB A unit of noise level that denotes the ratio between two quantities that are proportional to power; the number of decibels is 10 times the logarithm (to the base 10) of this ratio.

Frequency, Hz Of a function periodic in time; the number of times that the quantity repeats itself in one second (i.e., number of cycles per second).

A-Weighted Sound Level,
dBA
The sound level obtained by use of A-weighting. The A-weighting filter de-emphasizes the very low and very high frequency components of the sound in a manner similar to the frequency response of the human ear and correlates well with subjective reactions to noise. (All sound levels in this report are A-weighted, unless reported otherwise.)
L02, L08, L50, L90 The fast A-weighted noise levels that are equaled or exceeded by a fluctuating sound level 2 percent, 8 percent, 50 percent, and 90 percent of a stated time period.

Equivalent Continuous
Noise Level, Leq
The level of a steady sound that, in a stated time period and at a stated location, has the same A-weighted sound energy as the time-varying sound.

Day/Night Noise Level,
Ldn
The 24-hour A-weighted average sound level from midnight to midnight, obtained after the addition of 10 dB to sound levels occurring in the night between 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m.

Lmax, Lmin The maximum and minimum A-weighted sound levels measured on a sound level meter during a designated time interval using fast-time averaging.

Intrusive The noise that intrudes over and above the existing ambient noise at a given location. The relative intrusiveness of a sound depends upon its amplitude, duration, frequency, time of occurrence, tonal
or informational content, and the prevailing ambient noise level.

Sound Exposure Level
(SEL)
A measure of the total noise within an event which accounts for duration.

Single Event Noise
Equivalent Level (SENEL)
The sound exposure level for a defined noise threshold level.

Source: Handbook of Acoustical Measurement and Noise Control (Harris 1991). 1-8
1 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018
Extremely Painful
Loud
Loud Very
Loud
Quiet Moderately
Loud
Very Faint Faint
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Noise Environments (dBA)
Near
Jet
Engine
128
64 32
16 8
4 2
Civil
Defense
Siren
Hard Rock Band
Accelerating Motorcycle
Pile Driver, Noisy Urban Street
Ambulance Siren, Food Blender
Vacuum Cleaner
Near Freeway Auto Traffic
Average Office
Light Traffic/Soft Radio Music
Average Residence
Soft
Whisper
Rustling Leaves
Human
Breathing
Subjective Evaluations
Table B: Common Sound Levels and Their Noise Sources
Introduction, Setting, and the Fundamentals of Noise 1-9 1 Draft - February 2018
Table C: Human Response to Different Levels of Ground-Borne Noise and Vibration

1.3.4 Fundamentals of Ground-borne
Vibration
Ground vibration consists of rapidly fluctuating
motions or waves with an average motion of zero.

Several methods are typically used to quantify the
amplitude of vibration including peak particle velocity (PPV) and root-mean-square (RMS) velocity. PPV is
defined as the maximum instantaneous positive or
negative peak of the vibration wave. RMS velocity is
defined as the average of the squared amplitude of
the signal. PPV and RMS vibration velocity amplitudes
are used to evaluate human response to vibration.

Low-level vibrations frequently cause irritating
secondary vibration (e.g., a slight rattling of windows, doors, or stacked dishes). The rattling sound can
give rise to exaggerated vibration complaints, even
though there is very little risk of actual structural
damage.

Approximate threshold of
perception for many humans.

Low-frequency sound usually
inaudible; mid-frequency sound
excessive for quiet sleeping areas.

Approximate dividing line between
barely perceptible and distinctly
perceptible. Many people find transit
vibration at this level annoying.

Low-frequency noise acceptable for
sleeping areas; mid-frequency noise
annoying in most quiet occupied
areas.

In high noise environments, which are more
prevalent where ground-borne vibration approaches
perceptible levels, this rattling phenomenon may
also be produced by loud airborne environmental
noise causing induced vibration in exterior doors
and windows.

In urban environments (e.g., City of Long Beach),
sources of ground-borne vibration include
construction activities (specifically pile driving and
blasting), light and heavy rail transit, and heavy
trucks and buses.

Table C displays continuous vibration impacts
on human annoyance. As discussed previously,
annoyance is a subjective measure and vibrations
may be found to be annoying at much lower levels
than those shown, depending on the level of activity
or the sensitivity of the individual. To sensitive
individuals, vibrations approaching the threshold of
perception can be annoying.
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
65 75
85 Vibration Velocity Level (VdB)
Noise Level (dBA)
Vibration acceptable
only if there are an
infrequent number
of events per day.

Low-frequecy noise
annoying for sleeping
areas; mid-frequency
noise annoying even for
infrequent events with
institutional land uses
such as schools and
churches.
1-10
1 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018

1.4 Existing Noise Sources

1.4.1 Sources
Major noise sources in the City include traffic, rail,
aircraft, and stationary sources. The most important
difference between transportation and non
transportation noise sources is that municipalities
can generally exercise control on the level and
duration of noise at the property line of any non
transportation source of noise. Cities can adopt
noise exposure standards for noise levels generated
from mobile sources (e.g., trucks, trains, or planes)
and then make permitting decisions regarding the
sensitivity of land uses in areas with excessive noise.

Cities play a role in enforcing the requirement in
the State vehicle code regarding properly operating
mufflers and also may set speed limits or weight
restrictions on local streets. In general terms, the
City’s actions are primarily proactive with respect to
stationary noise sources versus reactive for mobile
sources. Figure 1 shows the location of the dominant
and major noise sources on a City level.

1.4.2 Traffic Noise
Automobiles, buses, trucks, motorcycles and trains
dominate transportation noise in the City. Traffic
moving along streets and freeways produces a sound
level that remains relatively constant and is part of
the City’s minimum ambient noise level. Vehicular
noise varies depending on the volume, speed and
type of traffic. Slower traffic produces less noise than fast moving traffic. Trucks typically generate more
noise than cars. Infrequent or intermittent noise is
also associated with vehicles, including sirens, vehicle alarms, slamming of doors, garbage and construction
vehicle activity and honking of horns. These noises
add to urban noise and are regulated by a variety
of agencies. Often times, noise from motorcycle
activities are specifically noticed over general traffic noise impacts due acceleration, exposed motor and,
in some cases, lack of or modified mufflers.

Bus service is provided on major streets, collectors,
and local streets within the City’s circulation system.

For the purpose of assessing vehicular noise, three
generic weight classifications are considered (light,
medium, and heavy). At 35 mph, 1 medium duty
truck is as loud as 10 cars, 1 bus is as loud as 20 cars, and 1 heavy truck is as loud as 30 cars. In addition,
noise from traffic sources may be worsened by
grade (inclined roadway) or by the condition of the
pavement.

Major transportation noise sources in the City include
traffic on I-405, I-605, I-710, SR-22, SR-91, State Route 103 (SR-103), Terminal Island Freeway, Pacific Coast
Highway or State Route 1 (SR-1), and Long Beach
Boulevard.

The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation
Authority (Metro) operates a limited number of local
and express buses. The Long Beach Transit Gallery
serves as the southern terminus of the Metro Blue
Line and is the main transit hub for bus connections
to various Metro, Long Beach Transit, Los Angeles
Department of Transportation Commuter Express,
and Torrance Transit bus routes.

I-405 Freeway
Ambient freeway noise
is typically 75 dBA or
greater.

Introduction, Setting, and the Fundamentals of Noise 1-11 1 Draft - February 2018
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
DeLorme, USGS, Intermap, increment P
Corp., NRCAN, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China
(Hong Kong), Esri (Thailand), MapmyIndia, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
§¨¦710
§¨¦710
§¨¦405
§¨¦405
§¨¦605
ÄÆ91
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017)
I:\RDG1701\GIS\ExistingMajorNoiseSources.mxd (10/2/2017) FIGURE 1
City of Long Beach Noise Element Update
Existing Major Noise Sources
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Long Beach Airport
Port of Long Beach
Industrial Area
Freeway
Metro Blue Line
Freight Line
0 0.75 1.5
MILES
Figure 1: Existing Major Noise Sources
1-12
1 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018

1.4.3 Rail Noise
The noise impacts associated with rail activities
depend heavily on a number of factors, including the
type of train, the length of train, the physical track
conditions, the geometry and intervening structures
between the rail line and its receptor, the number of
trains operating during the daytime, the number of
trains operating during the nighttime, and the speed
of the train. Additionally, when a horn is required
to sound a warning, which is typical for at-grade
crossings, the noise impact would be greatest at the
land uses closest to the intersection.

Currently, three freight rail lines pass through the
City which are operated by Burlington Northern
Santa Fe Corporation (BNSF) Railway, Union Pacific
Railroad Company (UPRR), and Pacific Harbor
Line Incorporated (PHL). The rail lines run northsouth through the west side of the City, through the northwest corner of the City, around the
neighborhood of North Long Beach.

In addition to freight activities, the Metro Blue Line
which serves as public transit, is part of the Metro
Rail System that runs north-south from Los Angeles
to Long Beach, traveling south via Long Beach
Avenue, Willowbrook Avenue, and Long Beach
Boulevard to its final destination at the Long Beach
Transit Gallery. The Metro Blue Line operates daily,
including all major holidays.

Based on the Federal Railroad Administration
crossing inventories completed between January 1,
2000 and September 17, 2017 conducted at various
crossings in the City, typical operations along the
main rail line included up to 74 trains per day ranging in speed from 5 to 25 mph.

Metro Blue Line
Noise impacts associated
with rail activities depend
heavily on type of train,
the length of train, the
physical track conditions, the
geometry and intervening
structures between the rail
line and its receptor, the
number of trains operating
during the daytime, the
number of trains operating
during the nighttime, and the
speed of the train.

Introduction, Setting, and the Fundamentals of Noise 1-13 1 Draft - February 2018

1.4.4 Aircraft Noise
Aircraft noise within the City is predominately
influenced by operations at the Long Beach Airport
located within the City limits. Operations at the
Long Beach Airport include commercial air carriers,
commuter flights, industrial planes, charter flights,
and other general aviation. Operation at the Long
Beach Airport typically occurs within the daytime
hours of 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m., with the exception
of occasional unscheduled landings that occur after
10:00 p.m., and emergency and police helicopter
activities. The Long Beach Airport Community Guide to
Aircraft Noise presents factual information on the City of Long Beach Airport Noise Compatibility Ordinance
(Long Beach Municipal Code Chapter 16.43) and
Long Beach Airport’s efforts to minimize aircraft
noise over nearby neighborhoods. While the City is
not able to control the flight paths, typical operations include approaches from the southeast of the airport
and departures taking off in a northwest direction.

Apart from the restrictions on hours of day, noise
budgets are utilized to limit aircraft activities. Noise budgets do not directly restrict the operation
of a particular aircraft, in contrast to night time
restrictions, but they restrict access by the fleet as a whole. Noise budgets restrict the overall noise during
a certain period of time, which could be seasonally
related or annual.

Currently, the City has implemented a Helicopter
Noise Reduction Study Group that provides members
of the public the opportunity to meet with both City
and Airport staff to discuss issues and concerns
regarding helicopter noise including rotor or “chop”
noise, hovering, and inconsistent flight paths. While
the City cannot directly control the majority of the
operations associated with helicopters, specifically
those related to emergency and police, the City
maintains an interest in helping resolve noise issues
where possible. Members of the communities are
currently participating as a part of the Los Angeles
Area Helicopter Coalition (LAAHNC) and regularly
meet with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
representatives, helicopter operators, and Long
Beach Airport staff in an effort to reduce noise
exposure from helicopter operations.

Long Beach Airport Runway
Long Beach Airport
Apart from the
restrictions on hours of
day, noise budgets are
utilized to limit aircraft
activities.
1-14
1 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018

1.4.5 Watercraft Noise
Watercraft noise along the southern portion of the
City varies greatly depending on watercraft type,
distance from mainland, and overall control and
use of equipment. While the City does not currently
have any specific criteria related to noise associated
with watercraft, the State of California Department
of Motor Vehicles, as part of its requirements for
watercraft operations, does have regulations that
would also be applicable in the City of Long Beach.

1.4.6 Port of Long Beach
Port of Long Beach operations noise levels are
generally limited to the areas with the perimeter
of the Port. Noise associated with the Port includes
cranes, forklifts, and truck activities. Due to the
distance from daily operations, which are located
close to the coast, to the nearest sensitive uses, noise impacts are rarely audible at such a large distance.

Heavy truck traffic associated with the transport of
cargo along the I-710 corridor is the primary source
of noise associated with the Port. Impact associated
with the Port of Long Beach, including noise, were
assessed in the Port of Long Beach Community Impact
Study in July 2016.

1.4.7 Special Events Noise
The City of Long Beach is a growing tourist
destination with occasional noise generating from
temporary special events and filming. From major
conventions and international sporting events to
community-based festivals, parades, film production
and athletic activities, special events cultivate civic pride, social awareness and cultural enrichment for
both residents and visitors.

These temporary events include, but are not limited
to, community festivals, runs/walks, citywide holiday
celebrations, Long Beach Grand Prix, Long Beach
Marathon, Long Beach Lesbian and Gay Pride Parade
and Celebration, Jazz Festival, film production, and
events hosted at the Queen Mary such as Dark Harbor
and Chill. These activities help build a foundation
that fosters sustainable community development,
economic development, and tourism.

Rainbow Harbor
Long Beach Grand Prix
The City of Long Beach hosts many seasonal
events which may generate noise.

Temporary events and filming are exempt from the
noise ordinance, as they are temporary in nature.

Special Events and Filming staff are trained to be
sensitive to the needs of the residents and strive to
strike a balance between visitors and constituents.

Events are listed on the calendar and can be found
at www.filmlongbeach.com.

Introduction, Setting, and the Fundamentals of Noise 1-15 1 Draft - February 2018

1.4.8 Stationary Noise Sources
Commercial, commercial-industrial, light-industrial,
and to a lesser extent residential land uses in the
City have the potential to generate high noise
levels and impact surrounding land uses with their
equipment operation. Noise sources from these
land uses include air conditioning or refrigeration
units, power tools, lawn equipment, generators, and
other powered mechanical equipment. Additionally,
activities that are not necessarily “stationary” include parking lot activities, truck deliveries, and events are oftentimes classified in the same categories.

1.4.9 Nuisance Noise
The City of Long Beach has a wide variety of land use
types. Within the commercial and downtown area,
certain uses including restaurants, bars, and clubs
have the potential to generate noise which may be
perceived as annoying or disturbing. Additionally,
sources of noise that are permissible under existing
laws and regulations still have the potential to disrupt the peace, cause sleep interference, and can create
an undesirable setting for residents. The following
list identifies some of the potential sources of noise
that have been noted to occur with regularity in the
City limits:

Truck deliveries are a stationary noise source
Other potential noise sources
Loud motorcycles
and speeding
vehicles.

Emergency
back-up
beepers.

Restaurant
and bar
operations.

House
parties.

Excessive HVAC
operations.

Construction
work.

Emergency
vehicle
sirens.

Train
horns.

Helicopter
and airplane
activities.

Car
alarms.

Barking
dogs and
loud birds.

Fireworks.

Leaf
blowers.
1-16
1 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018

1.5 Existing Vibration Sources

1.5.1 Vibration Sources
Major vibration sources in the City include
construction activities, rail operations, heavy
vehicle traffic, and vehicle loading and delivery
operations. Other sources which have the potential
to cause vibration impacts are aircraft operations,
low-frequency music and some stationary sources.

Similar to noise standards, cities can adopt vibration
exposure standards regarding the sensitivity of land
uses which may be affected. In relation to vibration
impacts, there are two factors that are considered
to assessing the level of impact expected: the
potential for damage to a building or structure and
the potential of annoyance to people. Also similar to
potential noise impacts, the most efficient actions
to help reduce vibration impacts occur during the
planning and permitting phases of any project or
development.

1.5.2 Construction Activity Vibration
Construction activities can cause vibration that varies in intensity depending on several factors. The use of
pile driving and vibratory compaction equipment
typically generates the highest construction related
ground-borne vibration levels. Because of the
impulsive nature of such activities, the use of the
PPV descriptor has been routinely used to measure
and assess ground-borne vibration and almost
exclusively to assess the potential of vibration
to induce structural damage and the degree of
annoyance for humans. The two primary concerns
with construction-induced vibration, the potential
to damage a structure and the potential to interfere
with the enjoyment of life, are evaluated against
different vibration limits. Studies have shown that the threshold of perception for average persons is in the
range of 0.2 to 0.3 millimeters per second (0.008 to

0.012 inches per second), PPV. Human perception to
vibration varies with the individual and is a function
of physical setting and the type of vibration. Persons
exposed to elevated ambient vibration levels (e.g.,
people in an urban environment) may tolerate a
higher vibration level. Structural damage can be
classified as cosmetic only (e.g., minor cracking of
building elements) or may threaten the integrity of
the building. Safe vibration limits that can be applied to assess the potential for damaging a structure vary
by researcher and there is no general consensus
as to what amount of vibration may pose a threat
Potential to
annoy people.

Potential for damage
to building or
structure.

Threshold of perception for average
persons is in the range of 0.2 to 0.3
millimeters per second PPV.

Two factors help measure the impact of noise to
humans and buildings.

Construction-induced vibration may interfere
with the enjoyment of life.

Introduction, Setting, and the Fundamentals of Noise 1-17 1 Draft - February 2018
for structural damage to the building. Constructioninduced vibration that can be detrimental to a building is very rare and has only been observed in
instances where the structure is at a high state of
disrepair and the construction activity (e.g., impact
pile driving) occurs immediately adjacent to the
structure.

1.5.3 Rail Activity Related Vibration
Rail operations are potential sources of substantial
ground-borne vibration depending on distance,
the type and the speed of trains, and the type of
railroad track. People’s response to ground-borne
vibration has been correlated best with how quickly
sounds moves through the ground. The velocity of
the ground is expressed on the decibel scale. The
reference velocity is 1 x 10-6 inches per second. RMS,
which equals 0 vibration velocity decibels (VdB), and
1 inch per second equals 120 VdB. Although not a
universally accepted notation, the abbreviation
“VdB” is used in this document for vibration decibels
to reduce the potential for confusion with sound
decibels.

One of the problems with developing suitable criteria
for ground-borne vibration is the limited research
into human response to vibration and, more
importantly, human annoyance inside buildings.

The United States Department of Transportation,
Federal Transit Administration has developed
rational vibration limits that can be used to evaluate
human annoyance to ground-borne vibration.

These criteria are primarily based on experience
with passenger train operations (e.g., rapid transit
and commuter rail systems). The main difference
between passenger and freight operations is the
time duration of individual events; a passenger train
lasts a few seconds whereas a long freight train may
last several minutes, depending on speed and length.

1.5.4 Heavy Vehicles and Buses
Ground-borne vibration levels from heavy trucks
and buses are not normally perceptible, especially
if roadway surfaces are smooth. Buses and trucks
typically generate ground-borne vibration levels of
about 63 VdB at a distance of 25 feet when traveling
at a speed of 30 miles per hour (mph). Higher
vibration levels can occur when buses or trucks travel
at higher rates of speed or when the pavement is in
poor condition. Vibration levels below 65 VdB are
below the threshold for human perception.

1.5.5 Other Sources of Vibration
Annoyance
In addition to activities that have vibration impacts
which translate through the ground surface between
source and receptor, sources which generate high
levels of low-frequency noise may generate vibration
through air. These sources may include aircraft and
helicopter operations, low-frequency music and
other large stationary sources. When the vibration
effects of these sources are felt or experienced
by a receptor, to determine the level of impact,
low-frequency noise measurements are the best
method to determine the impact.

At 30 mph, buses and
trucks typically generate
vibration levels of 63 VdB
at a distance of 25 feet.

Vibration levels below
65 VdB are below the
threshold for human
perception.

Ground-borne
vibration decibels
depend on the
distance, type and
speed of trains,
and type of track.

Many factors affect ground-borne vibration. How loud are busses and trucks? 1-18
1 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018

1.6 Community Engagement
To inform the Noise Element update and identify
potential issues, a variety of community engagement
strategies were employed during 2017. A City of Long
Beach project webpage was established as well as a
Facebook and Twitter account for the Noise Element
at #ListenUpLB. Project background was furnished
and the community was invited to use an online
engagement tool linked on the sites. The online tool
provided a map-based ability to provide comments
on a range of topics linked to specific locations
throughout the city. Awareness of this opportunity
for participation was provided through the City’s
website, emails, Facebook and Twitter advertising,
and counter cards placed throughout city hall and
other locations. Materials were provided in both
English and Spanish.

In addition, a series of meetings were conducted
with internal and external stakeholders. Initial
meetings were held with City departments and local
agencies including the Police Department, Noise
Control Office, Animal Care Services, Public Works,
Port, Airport and Long Beach Unified School District.

Meetings with focus groups included public health
professionals/academics, environmental justice,
bar and restaurant operators, and the construction
industry, as well as the Environmental Health
Working Group and various local school students in
their classrooms. Further, a Planning Commission
study session was conducted on April 20, 2017 to
introduce the Noise Element work effort and solicit
comments from commissioners and members of the
public.

Feedback provided through these various platforms
covered an array of topics and key themes are
summarized below:
» Develop regulations that respond to the evolution
of neighborhoods
» Needed coordination with other regulatory
agencies (rail, on-road vehicles, aircraft)
» Common annoyances: Leaf blowers, rail line
operations, motorcycles, helicopters, loud music,
construction, dogs, park/beach activities, bars/
restaurants, autos/freeway, industrial and
commercial uses
» Noise impacted communities in West Long Beach
» Effectiveness of good communication,
relationship-building, proactive noticing
» Technology trending toward quieter equipment
Received comments and input informed the location
of noise monitoring and the preparation of the
existing conditions report content. In addition, this
feedback will be carried forward to shape draft Noise
Element strategies and policies.

Community Engagement Posters
Existing Regulatory
Setting
2 Existing Regulatory
Setting
2 » 2.1 Federal Regulations .....................................................................2-1

2.1.1 Federal Railroad and Federal Transit Administrations.......................2-1

2.1.2 Environmental Protection Agency.........................................................2-2

2.1.3 International Building Code ...................................................................2-2 » 2.2 State Regulations .........................................................................2-2

2.2.1 State of California Noise Control Act ....................................................2-2

2.2.2 State of California Building Code...........................................................2-3

2.2.3 California Green Building Code .............................................................2-3

2.2.4 State of California Land Use Compatibility Criteria.............................2-4

2.2.5 State of California Vehicle Code ............................................................2-6

2.2.6 State of California Airport Land Use Requirements............................2-9

2.2.7 State of California Motorized Watercraft Requirements....................2-9 » 2.3 City of Long Beach .......................................................................2-10

2.3.1 Existing Noise Element ...........................................................................2-10

2.3.2 Existing Municipal Code .........................................................................2-10

2.3.3 Existing Noise Complaint Procedures...................................................2-21

2.3.4 Current City Noise Regulation Efforts...................................................2-22 2-1
2 Existing Regulatory Setting
Draft - February 2018

2.0 EXISTING REGULATORY

SETTING

2.1 Federal Regulations
While the City does not typically rely on any
specific federal noise regulations given that the
State level requirements, specifically the California
Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), and the City’s
Noise Element and Municipal Code Noise Ordinance
provide more specific and restrictive regulations
related to noise and vibration impacts, the following
information is provided for reference and may be
used when local criteria are not established.

2.1.1 Federal Railroad and Federal Transit
Administrations
The guidelines in the FTA Transit Noise and Vibration
Impact Assessment (2006) general assessment
establishes thresholds for construction noise
identified as a 1-hour noise level of 90 dBA L
eq
for
residential uses during daytime hours and a 1-hour
noise level of 100 dBA L
eq
for commercial and
industrial uses. This provides reasonable criteria for
assessing construction noise impacts based on the
potential for adverse community reaction when the
noise thresholds are exceeded.

In addition to the vibration standards included in
the FTA Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment
(FTA 2006) for ground-borne vibration impacts on
human annoyance are shown in Table C above, the
criteria for potential damage from ground-borne
vibration and noise are based on the maximum
levels for a single event. Table D lists the potential
vibration building damage criteria associated with
construction activities, as suggested in the Transit
Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment (FTA 2006).

FTA guidelines show that a vibration level of up to
102 VdB (equivalent to 0.5 in/sec in PPV) (FTA 2006) is considered safe for buildings consisting of reinforced
concrete, steel, or timber (no plaster), and would not
result in any construction vibration damage. For a
nonengineered (those not designed by an engineer
or architect) timber and masonry building, the
construction building vibration damage criterion is
94 VdB (0.2 in/sec in PPV).

Table D: Construction Vibration Damage
Criteria
Building Category PPV
(in/sec)
Approximate
LV (VdB)1
Reinforced concrete,
steel, or timber (no
plaster)

0.50 102
Engineered concrete
and masonry (no
plaster)

0.30 98
Non-engineered timber
and masonry 0.20 94
Buildings extremely
susceptible to vibration
damage

2.1.2 Environmental Protection Agency
In 1972 Congress enacted the Noise Control Act.

This act authorized the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) to publish descriptive data on the
effects of noise and establish appropriate levels
of sound. The document Information on Levels of
Environmental Noise Requisite to Protect Public Health
and Welfare With an Adequate Margin of Safety (EPA
1974) established that noise levels less than or equal
to 45 dBA would not interfere with indoor activities
or cause annoyance. Thus, an interior noise level of
45 dBA CNEL or less is often used to assure exterior
façades will provide adequate noise reduction.

2.1.3 International Building Code
The International Building Code (IBC) (ICC 2015)
has been adopted and used as a standard code
throughout most of the United States. Within the
IBC, standards for both reference or laboratory
ratings as well as field measured rating requirements
are identified to assure interior noise environment
thresholds are met. There are two specific class
ratings: (1) STC or Sound Transmission Class and (2)
IIC or Impact Insulation Class. The STC rating is often used for room-to-room assemblies and focuses more
on airborne noise impacts such as radio, television,
and human speech. The IIC rating is often used for
floor/ceiling assemblies to focus on structure-borne
noise such as footfall or objects being dropped. The
IBC specifies that a minimum STC or IIC rating of 50 is desired to provide a comfortable living environment.

2.2 State Regulations

2.2.1 State of California Noise Control Act
In 1975, the State of California established its own
Noise Control Act located in Division 28 of the State’s Health and Safety Code. Chapter 6, Assistance to
Local Agencies, provides direction on how the state
will assist each local agency in establishing local
ordinances and policies:

Chapter 6. Assistance to Local Agencies
46060. It is the purpose of this chapter to encourage
the enactment and enforcement of local ordinances
in those areas which are most properly the
responsibility of local government. It is further the
purpose to insure that the state is of maximum
assistance to local agencies in the discharge of
those responsibilities, furnishing technical and legal
expertise to assist local agencies in the enactment
and enforcement of meaningful and technically
sufficient noise abatement measures.
46061. The office shall provide technical assistance
to local agencies in combating noise pollution. Such
assistance shall include but not be limited to:

A. Advice concerning methods of noise abatement
and control.

B. Advice on training of noise control personnel.

C. Advice on selection and operation of noise
abatement equipment.
46062. The office shall provide assistance to local
agencies in the preparation of model ordinances to
control and abate noise. Such ordinances shall be
developed in consultation with the Attorney General
and with representatives of local agencies, including
the County Supervisors Association of California
and the League of California Cities. Any local agency
which adopts any noise control ordinance shall
promptly furnish a copy to the office.

Sound
Transmission
Class (STC):

Airborne
noise.

Impact
Insulation
Class (IIC):

Structureborne noise.

Two class ratings help to measure interior noise
thresholds.
2-3
2 Existing Regulatory Setting
Draft - February 2018

2.2.2 State of California Building Code
The State of California’s noise insulation standards
are codified in the California Code of Regulations
(CCR), Title 24, Building Standards Administrative
Code, Part 2, California Building Code. These noise
standards are applied to new construction in
California for the purpose of ensuring that the level
of exterior noise transmitted to and received within
the interior living spaces of buildings is compatible
with their comfortable use. For new residential
dwellings, hotels, motels, dormitories, and school
classrooms, the acceptable interior noise limit for
habitable rooms in new construction is 45 dBA
CNEL or Ldn. Title 24 requires acoustical studies for
residential development in areas exposed to more
than 60 dBA CNEL to demonstrate that the structure
has been designed to limit interior noise in habitable
rooms to acceptable noise levels. Where exterior
noise levels are projected to exceed 60 dBA CNEL
or Ldn at the facade of a building, a report must be
submitted with the building plans that describe the
noise control measures that have been incorporated
into the design of the project to meet the 45 dBA
CNEL or Ldn noise limit.

2.2.3 California Green Building Code
The California Green Building Code, also referred
to as CalGreen (ICC 2017), provides the following
requirements under Environmental Comfort related
to noise:

5.507.4 Acoustical control. Employ building
assemblies and components with Sound
Transmission Class (STC) values determined in
accordance with ASTM E 90 and ASTM E 413 or
Outdoor–Indoor Sound Transmission Class (OITC)
determined in accordance with ASTM E 1332, using
either the prescriptive or performance method in
Section 5.507.4.1 or 5.507.4.2.

Exception: Buildings with few or no occupants or
where occupants are not likely to be affected by
exterior noise, as determined by the enforcement
authority, such as factories, stadiums, storage,
enclosed parking structures and utility buildings.

Exception: [DSA-SS] For public schools and
community colleges, the requirement of this
section and all subsections apply only to new
construction.

5.507.4.1 Exteriors noise transmission prescriptive
method. Wall and roof-ceiling assemblies
exposed to the noise source making up the
building or addition envelope or altered envelope
shall meet a composite STC rating of at least 50
or a composite OITC rating of no less than 40,
with exterior windows of a minimum STC of 40
or OITC of 30 in the following locations:

1. Within the 65 CNEL noise contour of an
airport (see figure with airport contours on
page 3-33).

Exceptions:
a. Ldn or CNEL for military airports shall
be determined by the facility Air
Installation Compatible Land Use
Zone (AICUZ) plan.
b. Ldn or CNEL for other airports and
heliports for which a land use plan
has not been developed shall be
determined by the local general plan
noise element.

2. Within the 65 CNEL or Ldn noise contour
of a freeway or expressway, railroad,
industrial source or fixed-guideway source
as determined by the Noise Element of the
General Plan.

5.507.4.1.1 Noise exposure where noise
contours are not readily available. Buildings
exposed to a noise level of 65 dBLeq-1-hr
during any hour of operation shall have
building, addition or alteration exterior wall
and roof-ceiling assemblies exposed to the
noise source meeting a composite STC rating
of at least 45 (or OITC 35), with exterior
windows of a minimum STC of 40 (or OITC
30).
2-4
2 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018

5.507.4.2 Performance method. For buildings
located as defined in Section 5.507.4.1 or

5.507.4.1.1, wall and roof-ceiling assemblies
exposed to the noise source making up the
building or addition envelope or altered envelope
shall be constructed to provide an interior noise
environment attributable to exterior sources
that does not exceed an hourly equivalent noise
level (Leq -1Hr) of 50 dBA in occupied areas
during any hour of operation.

5.507.4.2.1 Site features. Exterior features
such as sound wall or earth berms may
be utilized as appropriate to the building,
addition or alteration project to mitigate
sound migration to the interior.

5.507.4.3 Interior sound transmission. Wall and
floor-ceiling assemblies separating tenant spaces
and tenant spaces and public places shall have
an STC or IIC of at least 40. For residential uses
or sensitive tenant spaces, a minimum STC or IIC
of 50. Note: Examples of assemblies and their
various STC rating may be found at the California
Office of Noise Control website.

2.2.4 State of California Land Use
Compatibility Criteria
The State of California adopts suggested land use
noise compatibility levels as part of its General
Plan Guidelines (California 2003). These suggested
guidelines provide urban planners with an integral
tool to gauge the compatibility of land uses relative
to existing and future noise levels. The guidelines
identify normally acceptable, conditionally
acceptable, normally unacceptable, and clearly
unacceptable noise levels for various land uses. A
conditionally acceptable designation implies new
construction or development should be undertaken
only after a detailed analysis of the noise reduction
requirements for each land use is made and needed
noise insulation features are incorporated into
the design. By comparison, a normally acceptable
designation indicates that standard construction can
occur with no special noise reduction requirements.

The Land Use Compatibility Guidelines are shown in
Table E.

There are four categories
of noise levels for
various land uses that
help planners gauge the
compatibility of land uses
relative to existing and
future noise levels.

State of California Land Use Compatibility
Criteria.
2-5
2 Existing Regulatory Setting
Draft - February 2018
Table E: California Office of Noise Control Land Use Compatibility Matrix for Community Noise Exposure
Land Use Category
Community Noise Exposure
Ldn or CNEL, dB
55 60 65 70 75 80 85
Residential - Low Density
Single Family Duplex,
Mobile Homes
Residential - Multi-Family
Transient Lodging -
Hotels, Motels
Schools, Libraries,
Churches, Hospitals,
Nursing Homes
Auditoriums, Concert
Halls, Amphitheaters
Sports Arena, Outdoor
Spectator Sports
Playgrounds,
Neighborhood Parks
Golf Courses, Riding
Stables, Water
Recreation, Cemeteries
Office Buildings -
Business, Commercial &
Professional
Industrial,
Manufacturing, Utilities,
Agriculture
Normally Acceptable Specified land use is satisfactory, based upon the assumption that any buildings involved are of normal conventional construction, without any special noise
Conditionally Acceptable
New construction or development should be undertaken only after a detailed analysis of the noise reduction requirements is made and needed noise insulation features included in the design.

Conventional construction, but with closed windows and fresh air supply systems or air conditioning will normally suffice.

Clearly Unacceptable New construction or development should generally not be undertaken.

Source: California Department of Health, Guidelines for the Preparation and Content of Noise Elements of the General Plan, October, 2003. 2-6
2 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018
Article 2.5. Noise Limits
27200. (a) The Department of Motor Vehicles shall
not register on a dealer’s report of sale a new
motor vehicle, except an off-highway motor vehicle
subject to identification as provided in Division 16.5
(commencing with Section 38000), which produces
a maximum noise exceeding the applicable noise
limit at a distance of 50 feet from the centerline
of travel under test procedures established by the
Department of the California Highway Patrol.
(b) The Department of Motor Vehicles may accept a
dealer’s certificate as proof of compliance with this
article.
(c) Test procedures for compliance with this article
shall be established by the Department of the
California Highway Patrol, taking into consideration
the test procedures of the Society of Automotive
Engineers.
(d) No person shall sell or offer for sale a new
motor vehicle, except an off-highway motor vehicle
subject to identification as provided in Division 16.5
(commencing with Section 38000), which produces a
maximum noise exceeding the applicable noise limit
specified in this article, and for which noise emission standards or regulations have not been adopted by
the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency pursuant to the Noise Control Act of 1972
(P.L. 92-574).
(e) No person shall sell or offer for sale a new
motor vehicle, except an off-highway motor vehicle
subject to identification as provided in Division 16.5
(commencing with Section 38000), which produces
noise that exceeds or in any way violates the noise
emission standards or regulations adopted for
such a motor vehicle by the Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to the
Noise Control Act of 1972 (P.L. 92-574).
(f) As used in this section, the term “register” is
equivalent to the term “licensing” as used in Section
6(e)(2) of the Noise Control Act of 1972

2.2.5 State of California Vehicle Code
Division 12, Equipment of Vehicles, Chapter 5, Other
Equipment, Article 2, Exhaust Systems, and Article

2.5, Noise Limits, provide regulations related to noise levels associated with motor vehicles as follows.

Article 2. Exhaust Systems
27150. (a) Every motor vehicle subject to registration
shall at all times be equipped with an adequate
muffler in constant operation and properly
maintained to prevent any excessive or unusual
noise, and no muffler or exhaust system shall be
equipped with a cutout, bypass, or similar device.
(b) Except as provided in Division 16.5 (commencing
with Section 38000) with respect to off-highway
motor vehicles subject to identification, every
passenger vehicle operated off the highways shall at
all times be equipped with an adequate muffler in
constant operation and properly maintained so as to
meet the requirements of Article 2.5 (commencing
with Section 27200), and no muffler or exhaust
system shall be equipped with a cutout, bypass, or
similar device.
(c) The provisions of subdivision (b) shall not be
applicable to passenger vehicles being operated off
the highways in an organized racing or competitive
event conducted under the auspices of a recognized
sanctioning body or by permit issued by the local
governmental authority having jurisdiction.
27150.1. No person engaged in a business that
involves the selling of motor vehicle exhaust
systems, or parts thereof, including, but not
limited to, mufflers, shall offer for sale, sell, or
install, a motor vehicle exhaust system, or part
thereof, including, but not limited to, a muffler,
unless it meets the regulations and standards
applicable pursuant to this article. Motor vehicle
exhaust systems or parts thereof include, but are
not limited to, nonoriginal exhaust equipment. A
violation of this section is a misdemeanor.
2-7
2 Existing Regulatory Setting
Draft - February 2018
(c)
(1) The notice to appear issued or complaint
filed for a violation of this section shall require
that the person to whom the notice to appear
is issued, or against whom the complaint is
filed, produce proof of correction pursuant
to Section 40150.
(2) Upon producing proof of correction to
the satisfaction of the court, the court may
dismiss the penalty imposed pursuant to
subdivision (b) for a first violation of this
section.
(d)
(1) This section is applicable to a person
operating a motorcycle that is manufactured
on or after January 1, 2013, or a motorcycle
with aftermarket exhaust system equipment
that is manufactured on or after January 1,
2013.
(2) Penalties imposed pursuant to this
section are in addition to penalties imposed
pursuant to any other applicable laws or
regulations.
(3) This section does not supersede, negate,
or otherwise alter any other applicable laws
or regulations.
27201. For the purposes of Section 27200, the
noise limit of 92 dBA shall apply to any motorcycle
manufactured before 1970.
27202. For the purposes of Section 27200, the
following noise limits shall apply to any motorcycle,
other than a motor-driven cycle, manufactured:
(1) After 1969, and before 1973 ........................88 dBA (2) After 1972, and before 1975 ........................86 dBA (3) After 1974, and before 1986 ........................83 dBA (4) After 1985 .....................................................80 dBA 27202.1. (a) Notwithstanding any other law,
a person shall not park, use, or operate a
motorcycle, registered in the State of California,
that does not bear the required applicable
federal Environmental Protection Agency
exhaust system label pursuant to Subparts
D (commencing with Section 205.150) and E
(commencing with Section 205.164) of Part 205
of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

A violation of this section shall be considered a
mechanical violation and a peace officer shall
not stop a motorcycle solely on a suspicion of
a violation of this section. A peace officer shall
cite a violation of this section as a secondary
infraction.
(b) A violation of this section is punishable as
follows:
(1) For a first conviction, by a fine of not less
than fifty dollars ($50), nor more than one
hundred dollars ($100).
(2) For a second or subsequent conviction, by
a fine of not less than one hundred dollars
($100), nor more than two hundred fifty
dollars ($250).
2-8
2 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018
27203. For the purposes of Section 27200, the
noise limit of 82 dBA shall apply to any snowmobile
manufactured after 1972.
27204. For the purposes of Section 27200, the
following noise limits shall apply to any motor vehicle within the specified manufacturer’s gross vehicle
weight rating and date of manufacture:

GVWR—
Pounds
Date of
Manufacture
Noise
Limit—dBA
Over 6,000 after 1967 and
before 1973 88
Over 6,000 after 1972 and
before 1975 86
Over 6,000 after 1974 and
before 1978 83
Over 8,500 after 1977 and
before 1982 83
Over 6,000
but not over
8,500
after 1977 80
Over 8,500 but
not over 8,500 after 1981 80
Over 10,000 after 1981 and
before 1988 83
Over 10,000 after 1987 80
27206. For the purposes of Section 27200, the
following noise limits shall apply to any other motor
vehicle, not specified in this article, manufactured:
(1) After 1967, and before 1973 ........................86 dBA (2) After 1972, and before 1975 ........................84 dBA (3) After 1974 ......................................................80 dBA 27207. No motor vehicle with a gross vehicle weight
rating of more than 10,000 pounds and equipped
with an engine speed governor shall produce a sound
level exceeding 88 dBA, measured on an open site at
a distance of 50 feet from the longitudinal centerline
of the vehicle, when its engine is accelerated from
idle with wide open throttle to governed speed
with the vehicle stationary, transmission in neutral,
and clutch, if any, engaged. Test procedures for
compliance with this section shall be established
by the department, taking into consideration the
procedures of the United States Department of
Transportation. The procedures may provide for
measuring at other distances, in which case the
measurement shall be corrected so as to provide
for measurements equivalent to the noise limit
established by this section measured at 50 feet.
86 dBA
Noise limits to manufactured vehicles
84 dBA
80 dBA
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
2-9
2 Existing Regulatory Setting
Draft - February 2018

2.2.6 State of California Airport Land Use
Requirements
The State of California has multiple regulations and
standards that apply to airports. These are
briefly summarized below:
» The Aeronautics Division of the California State
Department of Transportation (Caltrans)
» Enforces the California Airport Noise Regulations.

These regulations establish 65 dB CNEL as the
noise impact boundary within which there shall
be no incompatible land uses. Airports are
responsible for achieving compliance with these
regulations. Compliance can be achieved through
noise abatement alternatives, land acquisition,
land use conversion, land use restrictions, or
sound insulation of structures. Airports not
in compliance can operate under variance
procedures established within the regulations.
» California Noise Insulation Standards apply
to all multi-family dwellings built in the State.

Single-family residences are exempt from these
regulations. The regulations require that all multifamily dwellings with exterior noise exposures greater that 60 dB CNEL must be sound insulated
such that the interior noise level will not exceed
45 dB CNEL. These requirements apply to all
roadway, rail, and airport noise sources.
» The State of California requires that all municipal
General Plans contain a Noise Element. The
requirements for the Noise Element of the General
Plan include describing the noise environment
quantitatively using a cumulative noise metric
such as CNEL or DNL, establishing noise/land use
compatibility criteria, and establishing programs
for achieving and/or maintaining compatibility.

Noise elements shall address all major noise
sources in the community including mobile and
stationary sources.
» Airport Land Use Commissions were created by
State Law for the purpose of establishing a regional
level of land use compatibility between airports
and their surrounding environs. The Los Angeles
County Airport Land Use Commission has adopted
an Airport Environs Land Use Plan (AELUP) for Los
Angeles County airports including Long Beach
Airport. The AELUP criteria for sensitive land uses
at 65 dB CNEL for outdoor areas and 45 dB CNEL
for indoor areas of residential land uses.

2.2.7 State of California Motorized
Watercraft Requirements
The State of California has established requirements
and limits as it relates to noise associated with
watercraft. Any motorized vessel operated on the
inland waters of California or on ocean waters
within one mile of the coastline must be muffled or
otherwise prevented from exceeding the following
noise levels:
» As measured using a stationary sound level test as
defined by SAE J-2005:
– 90 decibels if the engine was manufactured
before January 1, 1993
– 88 decibels if the engine was manufactured on
or after January 1, 1993, or
» 75 decibels measured as defined by SAE J-1970
for all engines. However, such measurement
shall not preclude a stationary sound level test as
prescribed by SAE J-2005.

Exceptions to the above restrictions are made for
vessels participating in permitted regattas, boat
races or speed trials. Authorities generally agree that unbaffled exhaust pipes (stacks) and most waterinjected pipes do not meet the above noise level requirements. Unmodified outboards usually meet
legal requirements.
2-10
2 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018

2.3 City of Long Beach

2.3.1 Existing Noise Element

2.3.1.1 Existing Standards
The City of Long Beach Noise Element considers the
impacts of stationary noise producers. Stationary
noise producers are entities with a fixed location that emit noise. The General Plan requires that sensitive
land uses not be subjected to excessive stationary
noise, either by mitigation at the source or through
planning measures that reduce sound exposure.

While the current General Plan does not contain a
land use compatibility table, Table F summarizes the
criteria for sensitive receivers.

Table F: City General Plan Recommended
Criteria for Maximum Acceptable Noise
Levels1
in A-Weighted Decibels (dBA)
Major Land
Use Type
Stationary Source Land Use
Noise Standards
Outdoor Indoor
Maximum
Single
Hourly
Peak
L10
2 L503 Ldn4
Residential5
7:00 a.m. to
10:00 p.m.
70 55 45 45
Residential5
10:00 p.m. to
7:00 a.m.
60 45 35 35
Commercial
(anytime) 75 65 55 N/A
Industrial
(anytime) 85 70 60 N/A
Source: City of Long Beach Noise Element (1975) Table 11 1 Based on existing ambient level ranges in Long Beach and recommended U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ratios and standards for interference and annoyance.
2 Noise levels exceeded 10 percent of the time.
3 Noise levels exceeded 50 percent of the time.
4 Day-night average sound level. The 24-hour A-weighted equivalent sound level with a 10-decibel penalty applied to nighttime levels.
5 Includes all residential categories and all nose-sensitive land uses (e.g., hospitals and schools).

2.3.1.2 Goals, Plans, and Policies
One of the major functions of a General Plan Noise
Element is to establish goals to strive for, plans to help achieve those goals, and polices which regulate both
current and future developments and all activities
within the City limits. In the current version of the
City’s Noise Element, found in detail on pages 140
through 176, these are referenced as Implementation
Strategies, Categorical Recommendations, and
Transportation Noise Reduction Measures.

2.3.2 Municipal Code
The City’s Municipal Code is the document in which
specific planning and enforcement noise criteria is
presented such that, in conjunction with the City’s
Noise Element, noise impacts to sensitive receptors
are minimized. The following describes the individual
subsections and specific regulations:

2.3.2.1 General Noise Ordinance Standards
The City’s Municipal Code (Section 8.80.160—Exterior
noise limits) establishes maximum exterior sound
level standards. Standards vary depending on land
use. Table G outlines these criteria, which represent
noise limits that no person shall exceed through
sound they create or allow to be created.
2-11
2 Existing Regulatory Setting
Draft - February 2018
Table G: Maximum Local Noise Criteria
Receiving Land Use District
Maximum Noise Criteria (dB Lmax)
Daytime
(7 a.m. to 10 p.m.)
Nighttime
(10 p.m. to 7 a.m.)
District One — Predominantly residential with other land use types also present 50 45
District Two — Predominantly commercial with other land use types also present 60 55
District Three1
— Predominantly industrial with other land use
types also present 65 65
District Four1
— Predominantly industrial with other land
types use also present 70 70
District Five — Airport, freeways, and waterways regulated by other agencies Regulated by other agencies and laws
Source: City of Long Beach Municipal Code (1982)
1 Districts Three and Four limits are intended primarily for use at their boundaries rather than for noise control within those districts.
dB = decibel(s)
Lmax = maximum instantaneous noise level
The City’s Municipal Code Section (8.80.180—Interior
noise limits), establishes maximum interior sound
level standards. Standards vary depending on land
use. Table H outlines these criteria, which represent
noise limits that no person shall exceed through
sound they create or allow to be created.

B. No person shall operate, or cause to be
operated, any source of sound indoors at any
location within the incorporated limits of the City
or allow the creation of any indoor noise which
causes the noise level when measured inside the
receiving dwelling unit to exceed:

1. The noise standard for that land use district
as specified in Table G for a cumulative
period of more than five (5) minutes in any
hour; or

2. The noise standard plus five decibels (5 dB)
for a cumulative period of more than one (1)
minute in any hour; or

3. The noise standard plus ten decibels (10 dB)
or the maximum measured ambient, for any
period of time.

C. If the measured indoor ambient level exceeds
that permissible within any of the first two (2)
noise limit categories in this Section, the allowable
noise exposure standard shall be increased in
five decibel (5 dB) increments in each category as
appropriate to reflect the indoor ambient noise
level. In the event the indoor ambient noise
level exceeds the third noise limit category, the
maximum allowable indoor noise level under
said category shall be increased to reflect the
maximum indoor ambient noise level.
2-12
2 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018
Table H: Interior Noise Limits
Receiving Land Use District Type of
Land Use Time Interval Allowable Interior Noise Level (dBA) All Residential 10:00 p.m.—7:00 a.m.
7:00 a.m.—10:00 p.m.
35 45
All School 7:00 a.m.—10:00 p.m.
(While school is in session) 45
Hospital, designated quiet zones,
and noise-sensitive zones Any time 40
Source: City of Long Beach Municipal Code (1982)
dBA = A-weighted decibel(s)

5.60.020—Special Events – Permit Required.

C. The City Manager may condition any permit
issued pursuant to this Chapter with reasonable
requirements concerning the time, place or
manner of holding such event as is necessary
to coordinate multiple uses of public property,
assure preservation of public property and
public places, prevent dangerous, unlawful
or impermissible uses, protect the safety of
persons and property and to control vehicular
and pedestrian traffic in and around the venue.

Conditions may include the use of sound
amplification equipment, and restrictions on the
amount of noise generated by motors and other
equipment used in the course of the event.

In 2009, ORD-09-0030 amended Section 8.80.160 of
the Municipal Code to amend the Noise District Map,
changing the portion of the City, north of the Long
Beach Airport and west of Lakewood Boulevard from
District One to District Two.

2.3.2.2 Title 5- Regulation of Businesses, Trades
and Professions
The purpose of this title is to identify those
businesses, trades and professions conducted and
carried on in the City that require local regulation
in order to promote and protect the public health,
safety and welfare of the citizens. The purpose of
this title is

1. to set forth the specific standards and
criteria under which such businesses, trades
and professions shall be conducted and
regulated within the City and,

2. to set forth the procedures and conditions
for applying for such a permit.

The following are the chapters and subsections that
relate directly to noise impacts:

5.51.065—Ice Cream Trucks – Additional Noise
Restrictions.

A. No person shall use, play or employ any sound,
outcry, amplifier, loudspeaker or any other
instrument or device for the production of sound
from an ice cream truck when the ice cream truck
is stationary.

B. The City may set reasonable restrictions in the
business license on the type and use of any
amplifier, loudspeaker, or any other instrument
or device for the production of sound employed
on an ice cream truck in order to prevent a
disturbance of the peace. Beach Streets Festival
2-13
2 Existing Regulatory Setting
Draft - February 2018
2-14
2 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018

5.72.200, Subsection B.

11. Permittee agrees that the following standard
is reasonable: Noise emanating from Permittee’s
premises shall not be unreasonably loud or
disturbing in light of the facts and circumstances
then prevailing within fifty feet (50’) of the
perimeter of the premises in all directions. Sound
and amplification equipment shall be monitored
during business hours to ensure that audible
noise remains at acceptable levels in accordance
with Long Beach Municipal Code Chapter 8.80.

12. On and after the date this ordinance takes
effect, applicants for new entertainment permits
in the ODED must cause an acoustical study to
be prepared by a qualified, certified acoustical
engineer, hired by the applicant and acceptable
to the City, which shall demonstrate the sound
emanating from the applicant’s establishment
meets the sound standards described in Long
Beach Municipal Code Chapter 8.80. The study
shall be reviewed and confirmed by the Health
Department and the Development Services
Department during their review of the permit
application.

5.72.121, Subsection D.2.—Permit Application Filing
and Process for Adult Entertainment.
g. The premises within which the entertainment
is located shall provide sufficient sound absorbing
insulation so that noise generated inside the
premises shall not be audible anywhere on the
adjacent property or public rights-of-way or
within any other building or other separate unit
within the same building.

5.72.200, Subsection B.—Downtown Dining and
Entertainment District.

Long Beach Grand Prix Beach Streets Festival
2-15
2 Existing Regulatory Setting
Draft - February 2018

2.3.2.3 Title 6- Animals
The purpose of this title is to identify animal
regulations within the City. The following are the
chapters and subsections that relate directly to noise
impacts:

6.16.110—Dog Noise—Prohibited.

No person responsible for a dog shall permit such
dog to bark, howl, whine and/or make other loud
and unusual noises, whether within a building or
enclosure, tied, or otherwise confined, or while at
large upon any public street, sidewalk, improvement,
park or other public place, or private property, which
disrupts the public peace or which causes discomfort
or annoyance to any reasonable person of normal
sensitiveness residing in the area.

6.16.120—Dog Noise—Enforcement.

When the Director or his/her enforcement officer(s)
and/or inspector(s) determine that a person
responsible for a dog has violated Section 6.16.110
of this Code, such Animal Care Services Bureau
personnel are authorized to:

A. Direct the person responsible for the dog to
immediately terminate the actions of the dog
that are causing the loud noise;
B. Issue a written notice to the person responsible
that if, within a twelve (12) month period following
the initial response. Animal Care Services Bureau
personnel are again required to respond to
the same person responsible for violating
Section 6.16.110 of this Code, a criminal and/or
administrative citation will be issued pursuant to
Chapters 1.32 and 6.16 of this Code; and
C. Issue criminal and/or administrative citations to
the person responsible for recurrent violations
of Section 6.16.110 of this Code within a twelve
(12) month period.

2.3.2.4 Title 8- Health and Safety
Chapter 8.80 within Title 8 provides a variety of
subsections regarding to noise standards within
the City. The following subsections highlight the
information used on a daily basis by the planning
department to control noise impacts:

8.80.050 - Noise Control Officer—Duties.

In order to effectively implement and enforce this
Chapter, the Noise Control Officer shall, within a
reasonable time:

A. Investigate and Pursue Violations. Investigate
and pursue possible violations of this Chapter;
B. Delegation of Authority. Delegate functions,
where appropriate under this Chapter, to
personnel within the noise control office and to
other departments, subject to the approval of
the City Manager;
C. Community Noise Element.

1. Assist in the preparation or revision thereof
of the City noise element of the general plan
as required by Government Code Section
65302 (g), following guidelines set forth by
the State Office of Noise Control,

2. Assist in or review the total transportation
planning of the City, including planning for
new roads and highways, bus routes, airports,
and other systems for public transportation,
to insure that proper consideration is taken
with regard to the impact of sound levels
and that the policies set forth in the noise
element are adhered to,

3. Provide ongoing assistance to local agencies
in determining possible mitigating measures
for current or future noise problems;
D. Airport Noise Exposure. Assist the department
of aeronautics in developing a plan for noise
compatible land use in the vicinity of the Long
Beach Airport and maintain consistency with the
provisions and policies of the noise element of
the general plan;
2-16
2 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018
E. State and Federal Laws and Regulations.

1. Prepare and publish with the approval of
the City Council a list of those products
manufactured to meet specified noise
emission limits under federal, State or
community law for which tampering
enforcement will be conducted, and

2. Make recommendations for modification
or amendments to this Chapter to insure
consistency with all State and federal laws
and regulations;

3. Administer Grants, Funds and Gifts.

Administer noise program grants, funds
and gifts from public and private sources,
including the State and federal governments;
F. Monitoring Responsibilities. Notwithstanding the
preemption by federal and State agencies of the
enforcement powers over certain activities, such
as those at the Long Beach Airport and at the
Long Beach Marine Stadium, the Noise Control
Officer shall monitor noise generated by such
preempted activities and report any violations
of State or federal regulations to the appropriate
enforcement agencies and to the City Council.

8.80.080—City departments—Legal compliance.

All departments engaged in any activities which
result or may result in the emission of noise, shall
comply with federal and State laws and regulations,
as well as the provisions of this Chapter, respecting
the control and abatement of noise to the same
extent that any person is subject to such laws and
regulations.

8.80.180—Interior noise limits—Correction for
character of sound.

In the event the alleged offensive noise contains
a steady audible tone such as a whine, screech or
hum, or is a repetitive noise such as hammering
or riveting, or contains music or speech conveying
information content, the standard limits set forth in
Table C in Section 8.80.170 shall be reduced by five
decibels (5 dB).

8.80.202—Construction activity—Noise regulations.

The following regulations shall apply only to
construction activities where a building or other
related permit is required or was issued by
the Building Official and shall not apply to any
construction activities within the Long Beach harbor
district as established pursuant to Section 201 of the
City Charter.

A. Weekdays and federal holidays. No person shall
operate or permit the operation of any tools or
equipment used for construction, alteration,
repair, remodeling, drilling, demolition or any
other related building activity which produce
loud or unusual noise which annoys or disturbs
a reasonable person of normal sensitivity
between the hours of seven p.m. and seven
a.m. the following day on weekdays, except for
emergency work authorized by the Building
Official. For purposes of this Section, a federal
holiday shall be considered a weekday.

B. Saturdays. No person shall operate or permit
the operation of any tools or equipment used
for construction, alteration, repair, remodeling,
drilling, demolition or any other related building
activity which produce loud or unusual noise
which annoys or disturbs a reasonable person
of normal sensitivity between the hours of seven
p.m. on Friday and nine a.m. on Saturday and
after six p.m. on Saturday, except for emergency
work authorized by the Building Official.

C. Sundays. No person shall operate or permit
the operation of any tools or equipment used
for construction, alteration, repair, remodeling,
drilling, demolition or any other related building
activity at any time on Sunday, except for
emergency work authorized by the Building
Official or except for work authorized by permit
issued by the Noise Control Officer.

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday If authorized
by the
Building
Official
7 a.m. to
7 p.m.
7 a.m. to
7 p.m.
7 a.m. to
7 p.m.
7 a.m. to
7 p.m.
7 a.m. to
7 p.m.
9 a.m. to
6 p.m.

Construction Activity Operational Hours
2-17
2 Existing Regulatory Setting
Draft - February 2018
D. Owner’s/employer’s responsibility. It is unlawful
for the landowner, construction company
owner, contractor, subcontractor or employer of
persons working, laboring, building, or assisting
in construction to permit construction activities
in violation of provisions in this Section.

E. Sunday work permits. Any person who wants to
do construction work on a Sunday must apply
for a work permit from the Noise Control Officer.

The Noise Control Officer may issue a Sunday
work permit if there is good cause shown; and
in issuing such a permit, consideration will be
given to the nature of the work and its proximity
to residential areas. The permit may allow work
on Sundays, only between nine a.m. and six p.m.,
and it shall designate the specific dates when it
is allowed.

F. Enforcement. Notwithstanding the provisions of
Sections 8.80.370 and 8.80.380, this Section may
be enforced by a Police Officer.

8.80.210—Refuse collection vehicles.

No person shall collect refuse with a refuse collection vehicle between the hours of seven p.m. and seven
a.m. the following day in a residential area or noise
sensitive zone.

8.80.220—Motor vehicle horns.

It is unlawful for any person within the City to sound
a vehicular horn within any residential zone except
as a warning signal, as provided in the Vehicle Code
of the State.

8.80.240—Vehicle, motorboat or aircraft repair and
testing.

A. Repairing, rebuilding, modifying or testing any
motor vehicle, motorboat or aircraft in such a
manner as to create a noise disturbance across
a residential real property line, or at any time
to violate the provisions of Sections 8.80.150 or

8.80.170 shall not be permitted except where
said activities are directly related to officially
sanctioned events.

B. This provision shall not apply to aircraft within
the airport property or within any other aviationrelated property abutting it.

2.3.2.5 Title 9- Public Peace, Morals and Welfare
Chapter 9.31 within Title 9 provides information
related to noise impacts created by loud parties
on private property. The following subsection
establishes the prohibited noise impacts:

9.31.010—Loud Noises Prohibited.

No person shall cause or permit loud music or other
noises caused by a party, gathering or assemblage
of persons on private property to disrupt the public
peace. Noise that is audible from a distance of fifty
feet (50’) or more from the property shall be deemed
to disrupt the public peace. Any person who causes
or permits any such loud music or other noises is
guilty of a public offense punishable under the
provisions of Title 1, Chapter 1.32 of this Code.

2.3.2.6 Title 10- Vehicles and Traffic
Chapter 10.25 within Title 10 provides information
related to noise impacts created by car alarms. The
following subsection establishes the violations and
penalties:

10.25.010—Motor vehicle alarms—Violations—
Penalties.

B. No person shall cause, allow, permit or suffer
any alarm located in a motor vehicle registered
in the name of or operated by such person to
emit any continuous or intermittent audible
sound in the City for a period of more than
fifteen (15) minutes. The time shall be calculated
based upon the emission of the first audible
sound and ending fifteen (15) minutes thereafter
notwithstanding any variation or delay in the
emissions of audible sound.

Alarms shall not
sound for more
than 15 minutes.
2-18
2 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018

2.3.2.7 Title 12- Long Beach Oil Code
Chapters 12.12 and 12.30 within Title 12 provide
information related to oil operations. The following
subsections establish hours of operation as well and
noise requirements:

12.12.060—Long Beach Oil Code, Special Conditions—
Generally.

G. Hours of Operation. All site work, operation of
any tools or equipment used for the construction,
alteration, repair, remodel, drilling, demolition,
delivery of equipment or materials attendant to
the preparation of a new drill, site maintenance
or any other related oil site activities that produce
loud or unusual noise which annoys or disturbs
a reasonable person of normal sensitivity are
permitted only between the days and hours
listed below:
– Weekdays and Federal Holidays: Between the
hours of 7:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m.
– Saturdays: Between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and
6:00 p.m.
– Sundays: Prohibited
Exception: Except in case of emergency work that is
required to avert a disaster at the well site or off-site piping associated to the well ope ration.

12.32.010—Excessive Noise Prohibited.

It is unlawful for any person to operate or cause to
be operated any oil production or gas processing
equipment on any well, or incidental to a well, within
the incorporated limits of the City in any manner so
as to create any noise which causes the exterior and
interior noise level at the receiving property to be in excess of those limits provided in Chapter 8.80.

12.32.020—Areas 5, 6, 7A, 7B, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23 and 24.

A. No person, either as owner, agent, or operator,
shall conduct any drilling, or redrilling operation
at any well located within oil operating areas 5,
6, 7A, 7B, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23 and/
or 24 in any manner so as to create any noise
which causes the exterior noise level when
measured at the property line of any singleor multiple-family dwelling unit, guest room, commercial building, school, hospital, church, or
public library to exceed the noise level standards
set forth in Table 1. The exterior noise level
generated by the drilling or redrilling operation
shall be continuously monitored to ensure
conformance to the noise level standards. The
costs of such monitoring shall be borne by the
operator conducting such operation.

No person, either as owner, agent, or operator,
shall conduct any drilling or redrilling operation
at any time at any well located in oil operating
areas 5, 6, 7A, 7B, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22,
23 and/or 24 in any manner so as to create any
noise which causes the interior noise level in
excess of those limits provided in Chapter 8.80.

If the existing ambient noise level, exclusive of
existing drilling activity, at the nearest adjacent
dwelling unit, guest room, commercial building,
school, hospital, church or public library property
line to the requested oil drilling site does not
exceed the permitted nighttime noise levels
in Table 1 for any period, then the following
regulations shall apply:

1. The only activity permitted between the
hours of seven p.m. (7:00 p.m.) and seven
a.m. (7:00 a.m.) will be “on bottom” drilling,
with single joint connections. During the
same time frame, none of the following will
be allowed:
a. Hammering on pipe;
b. Racking of pipe;
c. Acceleration and deceleration of engines
or motors;
d. Use of drilling assembly rotational speeds
that cause more noise than necessary
and could reasonably be reduced by use
of a slower rotational speed;
e. Picking up or laying down drill pipe,
casing, tubing or rods into or out of the
drill hole.
2-19
2 Existing Regulatory Setting
Draft - February 2018

2. If the measured ambient level exceeds that
permissible within any of the first four (4)
noise limit categories in Table 1 above, the
allowable noise exposure standard shall
be increased in five (5) decibel increments
in each affected category as appropriate
to encompass or reflect the ambient noise
level. In the event the ambient noise level
exceeds the fifth (5th) noise limit category,
the maximum allowable noise level under
said category shall be increased to equal the
maximum ambient noise level.

3. If the difference between the noise levels with
noise source operating and not operating is
four (4) decibels or greater, then the noise
measurement of the alleged source can be
considered valid with a correction applied to
account for the contribution of the ambient
noise. The correction is to be applied in
accordance with data shown in Table 2.

2.3.2.8 Title 14- Streets and Sidewalks
Chapter 14.24.040 provides information regarding
unnecessary railroad noise.

14.24.040—Railroads Obstructing Streets, Section

14.24.040—Unnecessary noise.

No person shall allow the ringing of engine bells and
the blowing of engine whistles when not in motion
and unnecessarily.

2.3.2.9 Title 16- Public Facilities
Chapter 16.43, Airport Noise Compatibility.

This chapter provides information regarding airport
noise requirements. The following subsections
provide more specific information:

16.43.030—Prohibited activities.

A. Training Operations. No Touch and Go, Stop
and Go, Practice Low Approach, or VFR Practice
Missed Approach shall be conducted at the
Airport except between seven a.m. and seven
p.m. on weekdays and between eight a.m. and
three p.m. on Saturdays, Sundays, New Year’s
Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor
Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day;
provided, however, that if any such holiday
falls on Saturday or Sunday and, as a result, a
holiday is observed on the preceding Friday or
succeeding Monday, then such Friday or Monday,
as the case may be, shall be considered to be a
holiday for purposes of this Section. Except for
instrument training, Training Operations shall
be conducted only on Runways 25R/7L and
25L/7R, unless the FAA directs such Operations
on Runways 34L/16R and 34R/16L.

B. Engine Runups. Engine runups shall be permitted
only between the hours of seven a.m. and nine
p.m. on weekdays and nine a.m. and nine p.m.
on weekends and holidays. Such runups may be
conducted only at locations designated for such
purposes by the Airport Manager. Nothing in this
Section shall be deemed to require relocation of
existing runup facilities for which appropriate
noise buffering devices have been constructed.

C. Formation Takeoffs and Landings. Except as
necessary in the manufacture or repair of
aircraft, formation takeoffs and landings are
prohibited at Long Beach Municipal Airport.

D. Unapproved Charter Flights. No proposed
charter operation shall be conducted unless the
written permission of the Airport Manager has
been sought and received before such operation
is scheduled to occur.

Whistles shall not
be blown while
engine is not in
motion.
2-20
2 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018

16.43.040—Maximum SENEL limits.

A. Subject to the authority of the Airport Manager to adjust permissible single event noise limits for categories of Airport users in order to reduce such group’s cumulative noise levels, all non-governmental Operations at the Airport shall meet the following SENEL limits:
7:00 a.m. to
10:00 p.m.
10:00 p.m. to 11:00
p.m. and 6:00 a.m.
to 7:00 a.m.
11:00 p.m. and 6:00
a.m.

Monitoring Station
No.

Runway Departure/Arrival Departure/Arrival Departure/Arrival Departure/Arrival 30 102.5/101.5 90/90 79/79 9/10
12 102.5/101.5 90/90 79/79 10/9
25R 92/88 */ */ 6/1
25L 95/93 */ */ 5/2
7R 95/92 */ */ 2/5
7L 88/92 */ */ 1/6
*Except in case of emergency or air traffic direction, all aircraft Operations between the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. are limited to runways 30 and 12.

B. Violations occurring during the period between
ten p.m. and eleven p.m. which are the result of
unanticipated delays beyond their reasonable
control of the aircraft Owner/Operator shall
be waived upon the presentation of evidence
satisfactory to the Airport Manager that the
delayed arrival or departure resulted from such
circumstances. Delays caused by mechanical
failure (but not by routine maintenance), by
weather conditions or by air traffic control
conditions will be considered beyond the Owner/
Operator’s control.

C. The SENEL limits for the period from six a.m. to
seven a.m. and from ten p.m. to eleven p.m. shall
be subject to revision at the end of the fourth
calendar quarter following the implementation of
this Chapter. If, for the period covered by the four
(4) calendar quarters following implementation
of this Chapter, cumulative aircraft noise has
exceeded the level allowed by Subsection

16.43.050.A, these limits shall be reduced to
eighty-five (85) SENEL. The SENEL for the period
from six a.m. to seven a.m. and from ten p.m. to
eleven p.m. shall, however, revert to ninety (90)
SENEL if, for any subsequent four (4) quarters,
cumulative aircraft noise has not exceeded the
level allowed by Subsection 16.43.050.A.

16.43.050. Cumulative noise limits and noise budgets.

It is the goal of the City that Incompatible Property
in the vicinity of the Airport shall not be exposed
to noise above sixty-five (65) CNEL. In determining
compliance with this noise goal and with the noise
budgets established by this Chapter, a tolerance
of one (1) dB CNEL will be applied. In assessing
cumulative noise levels for any period less than
one (1) year, the Airport Manager shall take into
consideration and allow for reasonably anticipated
seasonal variations in Operations and noise. The
noise of military and Public Aircraft, for which the
City bears no liability, will be excluded in calculating CNEL and in assessing compliance with the CNEL
goal and CNEL budgets set forth in this Chapter.

Industrial Operations. B.1. Pending assessment
of compliance with the CNEL budget applicable
to Industrial Operations, the number of
annual Flights by that user group shall not be
increased above the number for the twelve (12)
months ended October 31, 1990, as adjusted
to accommodate Flights for manufacturing
and test purposes by aircraft types which were
under design during the period from November
1, 1989, to October 31, 1990, but had not yet
entered service.
2-21
2 Existing Regulatory Setting
Draft - February 2018
Charter Operations. C1. In order to minimize
noise from Charter Operations, all Charter
Operations shall be conducted by aircraft which
comply with the standards of FAR Part 36 Stage
3 and all Charter Operations shall be scheduled
between the hours of seven a.m. and ten p.m.

Commuter Flights. D.1. Commuter Carriers
shall be permitted to operate not less than
twenty-five (25) flights per day, the number of
Flights authorized on November 5, 1990. Pending
assessment of compliance with the CNEL budget
applicable to Commuter Carriers, Flights by these
users shall not be increased above the number
permitted as of November 5, 1990.

Air Carrier Flights. E.1. Air Carriers shall be
permitted to operate not less than forty-one (41)
flights per day, the number of flights authorized
on November 5, 1990. Pending assessment of
compliance with the CNEL budget applicable to
Air Carriers, Flights by these users shall not be
increased above the number permitted as of
November 5, 1990.

2.3.2.10Vibration Standards

8.80.200—Noise Disturbances—Acts specified G.

Vibration.

Operating or permitting the operation of any device
that creates vibration which is above the vibration
perception threshold of an individual at or beyond
the property boundary of the source if on private
property or at one hundred fifty feet (150’) (forty-six (46) meters) from the source if on a public space
or public right-of-way. For the purposes of this
subsection, “vibration perception threshold” means
the minimum ground or structure-borne vibrational
motion necessary to cause a normal person to
be aware of the vibration by such directed means
as, but not limited to, sensation by touch or visual
observation of moving objects. The perception
threshold shall be presumed to be .001 g’s, g is the
equivalent to 9.81 m/s2, in the frequency range 0—30
hertz and .003 g’s in the frequency range between
thirty and one hundred hertz.

2.3.3 Noise Complaint Procedures
Currently, the City has established a process in which
noise complaints are responded to and dealt with in
a timely fashion. The Noise Complaint Processing
Network is a designed system in order to direct
complaints to the appropriate personnel depending
on the nature of the complaint. The current sub
groups within the network include the Health and
Safety Department, Department of Construction,
Police Department, Public Works, Animal Control
and Planning. Specific information on filing a noise
complaint is found of the City’s Health and Human
Services Website at http://www.longbeach.gov/
health/inspections-and-reporting/reporting/noisemonitoring/.

Health and Safety Department
Department of Construction
Police Department
Public Works
Animal Control
Planning
Go to the Health and Human
Services Website for information on
filing a noise complaint:
http://www.longbeach.gov/health/
inspections-and-reporting/reporting/
noise-monitoring/
Noise Complaint Processing
Network
2-22
2 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018

2.3.4 City Noise Regulation Efforts
In addition to the standards presented above taken
from the current Noise Element and Municipal Code,
the City makes a continual effort to regulate noise and create buffers from sources of noise to surrounding
sensitive receptors and land uses. Enforcement of
the regulations identified in this chapter is ongoing,
and efforts are made to inform the public through a
variety of means, such as information bulletins. For
example, Information Bulletin BU-027 – Construction
Noise Regulations provided by the Building
and Safety Bureau – summarizes construction
regulations including those contained in LBMC
§8.80.202 establishing construction hours when
noise is permitted and prohibited.

Through the review of projects in compliance with
the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA),
noise mitigation measures are prescribed through
approved Mitigation and Monitoring Programs to
limit excessive noise. The CEQA process provides a
tailored environmental analysis to address projectspecific impacts and individual context. Below is a brief discussion identifying noise mitigation
measures that could be employed for a project.

Examples of noise mitigation measures are drawn
from recent development projects including:
» Downtown Plan and Civic Center Project Mitigation
Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP)
» http://www.lbds.info/civica/filebank/blobdload.
asp?BlobID=5574
» Midtown Specific Plan MMRP
» http://www.lbds.info/civica/filebank/blobdload.
asp?BlobID=5765
Noise mitigations are typically divided into measures
addressing construction activities and measures
addressing project design and operation. For
construction noise, potential mitigation measures
include equipment mufflers, quieter models of air
compressors, locating stationary noise-generating
equipment farther from sensitive receptors,
no unnecessary idling of internal combustion
equipment, routing construction-related traffic away
from sensitive receptors, hours of loading/unloading,
150-foot radius noticing for construction activities,
establishing a construction liaison to respond to
noise complaints and provide corrections, provision
of temporary noise barriers or blankets, and
site-specific vibration mitigation.

For project design and operation noise mitigation,
potential mitigation measures include appropriate
site planning (for example, locating shared residential spaces behind buildings to reduce noise exposure),
mechanical ventilation in residential areas in higher
noise areas to allow for closed windows if desired,
installation of sound-rated windows and construction
methods, strategic placement of loading/unloading
areas, placement of HVAC in mechanical rooms
whenever possible, and provision of localized noise
barriers or rooftop parapets around mechanical
equipment.

A goal of the Noise Element effort is to further identify and standardize potential noise mitigation policies
and tools to minimize and manage noise citywide.

Existing Noise
Analysis
3 Existing Noise
Analysis
3 » 3.1 Existing Noise Monitoring Results .......................................3-1 » 3.2 Existing Traffic Noise Contours ............................................3-1 » 3.3 Existing Airport Noise Contours...........................................3-32 » 3.4 Existing Noise and Land Use Compatibility Discussion.....3-32 » 3.5 References ..............................................................................3-34 3-1
3 Existing Noise Analysis
Draft - February 2018

3.0 EXISTING NOISE ANALYSIS

3.1 Existing Noise Monitoring
Results
Noise measurements were taken in February 2014
and May 2017 to record the actual existing noise
levels at various locations throughout the City.

The noise measurements represent a snapshot of
the current noise environment in the City. A noise
measurement survey of the City was conducted to
determine the location of noise measurement sites
that would provide a noise profile of the City. Several criteria were used in the site selection process
including, but not limited to, the proximity of a
measurement site to sensitive land uses as well as
its proximity to significant noise generators. Several
of the significant noise generators within the City are I-405, I 710, SR-91, SR-1, and Long Beach Boulevard.

This is due to the very high volume of automobile
and truck traffic at these freeways and roadways.

To provide noise measurement coverage of the
area, measurement sites were chosen within the
confines of the City. After the site selection process
was completed, a series of long-term 24-hour and
short-term noise 15-minute measurements were
taken at the chosen sites. The measurement site
locations are listed in Tables I and J and are shown
on Figure 2, Noise Monitoring Locations.

3.2 Existing Traffic Noise Contours
The noise model SoundPlan was used to evaluate
traffic-related noise conditions throughout the City.

This model requires various parameters, including
traffic volumes, vehicle mix, vehicle speed, and
roadway geometry to compute typical equivalent
noise levels during daytime, evening, and nighttime
hours. The resultant noise levels are weighted and
summed over 24-hour periods to determine the Ldn
contours. Existing traffic volumes (SCAG 2017) were
used to assess existing traffic noise levels in the City.

Appendix A provides a summary of the traffic data
utilized to create the existing traffic noise contours
(Figure 3, Existing Noise Contours – pages 3-14
through 3-19 for composite mapping of all contours
and pages 3-20 through 3-33 for larger scale mapping
of 65 dBA Ldn and 75 dBA Ldn contours).
3-2
3 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018
Table I: Existing Long-Term 48-Hour Noise Level Measurements Day 1 Day 2 Average
Site
No.

Start
Date Location
Daytime
Noise
Level
Range
(dBA Leq)
Nighttime
Noise
Level
Range
(dBA Leq)
Daily
Noise
Level
(dBA
CNEL)
Daytime
Noise
Level
Range
(dBA Leq)
Nighttime
Noise
Level
Range
(dBA Leq)
Daily
Noise
Level
(dBA
CNEL)
Daily
Noise
Level
(dBA
CNEL)
Source(s) of
Noise
LT-01 5/12/2017
305
Newport
Avenue

53.2–61.5 42.2–52.6 58.6 49.9–63.1 43.7–53.1 58.8 58.7
Traffic on
Newport and
3rd Street.

LT-02 5/17/2017 3386 Elm
Avenue 58.3–64.1 53.4–59.4 64.7 58.7–63.9 52.9–61.6 65.2 64.9 Traffic on
I-405 and
Wardlow
Road and
some aircraft.

LT-03 5/17/2017
Orizaba
Avenue
and East
67th Street

62.0–67.6 61.0–66.4 70.7 62.1–65.6 61.0–66.6 70.8 70.8 Traffic on SR-91.

LT-04 5/17/2017
2603
Studebaker
Road

66.4–69.9 52.1–68.0 69.9 66.3–69.6 53.6–67.1 69.7 69.8
Traffic on
Studebaker
Road and
Willow Street.

LT-05 5/17/2017
6463 Bixby
Terrace
Drive

66.2–67.8 57.3–67.8 71.0 66.2–67.7 58.1–67.1 71.0 71.0 Traffic on 7th Street.

LT-06 5/15/2017 2001 River
Avenue 67.0–70.3 59.0–70.5 72.0 65.2–72.1 55.9–64.3 70.2 71.1 Traffic on
SR-103 and
SR-1, idling
trucks,
industrial
activity, and
aircraft.

LT-07 5/15/2017
1222 West
Spring
Street

67.2–70.8 62.9–69.6 74.0 68.0–70.1 63.5–70.0 73.9 73.9
Traffic on
I-710 and
aircraft.

LT-08 5/12/2017
151 South
Pine
Avenue

61.2–66.1 56.3–64.5 68.8 61.3–67.1 56.3–65.3 69.4 69.1
Traffic on
Shoreline
Drive and
Pine Avenue.

LT-09 5/12/2017
215
Granada
Avenue

53.6–60.3 45.1–54.4 59.6 51.6–59.4 44.2–54.1 59.6 59.6
Traffic on
Granada
Avenue
and Second
Street.
3-3
3 Existing Noise Analysis
Draft - February 2018
Day 1 Day 2 Average
Site
No.

64.7–71.2

58.3–65.7

71.3 63.1–69.0 56.9–65.7 71.1 71.2 Light rail and
traffic on
Long Beach
Boulevard
and 4th
Street.

LT-11 5/15/2017
2250
Arlington
Street

54.3–60.5

55.1–58.9

64.3 53.8–59.6 48.1–55.8 59.9 62.1 Traffic on
I-405 and
airplanes.

LT-12 5/17/2017
256 East
Vernon
Street

57.6–65.4

49.2–60.1

62.2 57.8–60.1 49.9–60.5 63.0 62.6 Traffic on
Long Beach
Boulevard
and Willow
Street, trains,
construction,
and aircraft.

LT-13 5/15/2017
Del Mar
Avenue
and San
Antonio
Drive

65.3–67.5

58.1–68.4

71.1 65.4–70.8 52.6–65.4 69.6 70.3 Traffic on
I-710, trains,
and traffic
on Del Mar
Avenue.

LT-14 5/15/2017
Del Mar
Avenue
and Avery
Place

58.2–66.4

50.9–58.8

63.6 57.6–64.7 48.5–57.5 62.3 63.0 Traffic on
I-710, trains,
and traffic
on Del Mar
Avenue.

Source: LSA (2017).

Leq = average noise level
CNEL = Community Noise Equivalent Level
dBA = A-weighted decibel(s)
ft = feet
I-405 = Interstate 405
I-710 = Interstate 710
SR-1 = State Route 1
SR-91 = State Route 91
SR-103 = State Route 103
Table I: Existing Long-Term 48-Hour Noise Level Measurements (continued) 3-4
3 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018
Table J: Existing Short-Term Noise Level Measurements
Monitor
No. Date Start Time dBA L
eq
Location
Description Noise Sources Notes
ST-1 2/11/2016 7:27 a.m. 66.6
6857–6909
Atlantic
Avenue
Traffic on Atlantic Avenue,
faint traffic on I-710, and
trucks with trailers turning
in nearby lot.

Paused out pedestrian
pass-by talking loudly.

ST-2 2/11/2016 7:58 a.m. 70.3 3114 South
Street
Traffic on South Street and
birds. None.

ST-3 2/11/2016 8:58 a.m. 63.6
3115 Long
Beach
Boulevard
Traffic on Long Beach
Boulevard, backup
beeper across Long Beach
Boulevard, and birds.

Airplane: 15 seconds, 70
L
eq.

ST-4 2/11/2016 9:35 a.m. 65.7
1940 Long
Beach
Boulevard
Traffic on Long Beach
Boulevard, birds, and
distant music.

Paused out pedestrian
pass-bys. Train on
Long Beach Boulevard:
5 seconds, 68 Leq
/3
seconds, 70 Leq.

ST-5 2/11/2016 10:13 a.m. 63.3 614 Locust
Avenue
Traffic on 6th Street and
birds.

Paused out sirens and
pedestrians.

ST-6 2/11/2016 10:51 a.m. 64.0 600 Redondo
Avenue
Traffic on Redondo
Avenue. Car with loud
music pass-by.

Airplane, paused out
car in parking lot,
motorcycle, helicopter.

ST-7 2/11/2016 2:11 p.m. 62.3
5800–6462
East Marina
Drive
Traffic on 2nd Street and
birds.

Paused out cars on
Marina Drive. 2nd Street
level is ~10 ft higher
than measurement
location level.

ST-8 2/11/2016 1:15 p.m. 66.0
Cal State
University
Long Beach,
Bellflower
Boulevard
and Beach
Drive
Traffic on Bellflower
Boulevard, birds, and
music in car/horn.

Airplane: 7 seconds, 63
dB/23 seconds, 63 dB.

ST-9 2/11/2016 11:42 a.m. 62.0
3500
Hathaway
Avenue
Traffic on Hathaway
Avenue and distant music
in apartment.

Airplane: 35 seconds,
54 L
eq/8 seconds; 58
dB/12 seconds; 59 dB,
17 seconds; 56 dB/15
seconds, 55 dB. Paused
out siren. Location ~10 ft
above road level on the
berm of the apartment
level.
3-5
3 Existing Noise Analysis
Draft - February 2018
Monitor
No. Date Start Time dBA L
eq
Location
Description Noise Sources Notes
ST-10 2/11/2016 8:31 a.m. 76.2 3245 Cherry
Avenue Traffic on Cherry Avenue.

Airplane: 5 seconds,
82 L
eq. Helicopter: 8
seconds, 74 Leq/5
seconds, 76 Leq.

Motorcycle: 2 seconds,
96 L
eq.

ST-11 2/11/2016 2:47 p.m. 62.5
3401
Studebaker
Road
Traffic on Wardlow Road. None.

ST-12 5/12/2017 10:32 a.m. 55.3 951 Maine
Avenue
Traffic on I-710, aircraft,
birds chirping constantly.

Helicopter ~75 dBA
max. Distant helicopter.

Filtered sirens and
dogs. Aircraft, 55 dBA
max, train horn in low
50s. Aircraft, 63.2 dBA
max. People talking
in the distance near
playground area.

ST-13 5/17/2017 10:15 a.m. 65.0 3402 Clark
Avenue
Traffic on Clark Avenue
and Wardlow Road. Some
aircraft noise.
51 dBA low traffic noise.

74.3/73.0/66.0 dBA/68.7
dBA/71.4 dBA traffic
on Clark Avenue, 75.0
dBA with truck. 65.0
dBA aircraft noise with
traffic.

ST-14 5/12/2017 12:10 p.m. 70.0
2002 Pacific
Coast
Highway
Traffic on Pacific Coast
Highway and Cherry
Avenue.

Filtered parking lot
activity. Loud car 83.0
dBA max, filtered
emergency vehicle, car
door slam (partial filter),
plane flyover (max 75.0
dBA), crosswalk has
speaker, beeps.

ST-15 5/12/2017 10:07 a.m. 63.3 Scherer Park
Traffic on East Del Amo
Boulevard. Aircraft noise,
leaf blower across the
street near the YMCA,
and some landscaping
activities.

53.0 dBA no traffic, with
leaf blower. 66.0 dBA
traffic on Del Amo, with
leaf blower. 60.0 dBA
traffic on Del Amo, with
leaf blower. 78.0/68.0
dBA aircraft noise.

Table J: Existing Short-Term Noise Level Measurements (continued) 3-6
3 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018
Monitor
No. Date Start Time dBA L
eq
Location
Description Noise Sources Notes
ST-16 5/17/2017 9:29 a.m. 54.9
Pan-American
Park, 5157
Centralia
Street
Traffic on Centralia Street
and Clark Avenue.

Loud car, airplane

71.4 dB, 9:32 a.m. two
people begin practicing
cricket at 49.1 dBA on
the other side of the
diamond, airplane 67.7
dBA max with little to no
traffic, 61 dBA traffic on
Centralia Street, birds
chirping, distant aircraft.

ST-17 5/17/2017 9:04 a.m. 56.6 5850 Los
Arcos Street
Traffic on Los Arcos Street
and Oceana Avenue.

Aircraft noise, some
landscaping activity.

48.0 dBA no traffic.
(Low) ambient noise.

60.0/58.0/57.0/58.0
dBA traffic on Los
Arcos Street. 67.0 dBA
landscaping noise (part
of it filtered out).

ST-18 5/17/2017 9:44 a.m. 56.1 7875 Rosina
Street

53.4 dBA low traffic noise.

63.0/62.0 dBA traffic on
Rosina Street and Val
Verde Avenue.

53.4 dBA low traffic
noise. 63.0/62.0 dBA
traffic on Rosina Street
and Val Verde Avenue.

ST-19 5/12/2017 11:21 a.m. 61.9
Bixby Park,
130 Cherry
Avenue
Traffic on Broadway
and Cherry Avenue and
helicopter flyovers.

Skateboarders near
Bixby Park Community
Center. Helicopter
and loud truck 70.3
dBA max, loud car ~70
dBA, helicopter flyover

72.5 dBA max. Loud
motorcycles 71-plus dBA
max, 72.5 max. Garbage
truck on Cherry Avenue.

ST-20 5/12/2017 12:54 p.m. 67.3 1600 Atlantic
Avenue at the
northwest
corner of
Martin Luther
King Jr.

Avenue and
15th Street
Traffic on Martin Luther
King Jr. Avenue and
skateboarders at skate
park across Martin Luther
King Jr. Avenue.

Loud car mid-high 70s
dBA. Loud car stereo
~74 dBA, loud cars 76.8
dBA, 84.4 dBA. Filtered
shouting. 1:07–1:08
p.m. distant plane
(traffic louder), 1:09 p.m.
distant plane (skate park
louder).

Table J: Existing Short-Term Noise Level Measurements (continued) 3-7
3 Existing Noise Analysis
Draft - February 2018
Monitor
No. Date Start Time dBA L
eq
Location
Description Noise Sources Notes
ST-21 5/12/2017 11:46 a.m. 57.6
1085 Orizaba
Avenue
Traffic noise on Orizaba
Avenue and 11th Street,
aircraft noise, and noise
from school playground.

51.0 dBA playground
noise (no traffic). 71.0
dBA traffic on Orizaba
Avenue with playground
noise. 65.0 dBA aircraft
with playground noise.
61 dBA traffic on 11th
Street.

ST-22 5/15/2017 11:09 a.m. 71.5
1700 West
Willow Street
Traffic on Willow Street
and Santa Fe Avenue.

Aircraft mid 60s dBA,

75.8 dBA max, 71.1 dBA
max. 11:12 a.m., 11:16
a.m. traffic louder than
distant helicopters. Bus
stops at nearby stop.

Filtered emergency
vehicle and siren.

ST-23 5/17/2017 10:33 a.m. 68.2
2201 North
Bellflower
Boulevard
Traffic on Bellflower
Boulevard and Stearns
Street.

Loud motorcycle ~77
dBA. Direct airliner
flyover 78.9 dBA. Small
planes ~71 dBA, traffic
and small plane 69.2
dBA. Helicopter ~80
dBA. Plane 73.9 dBA.

Traffic louder than
tire service center and
dryers at carwashes.

Traffic and carwash
dryers 68.0 dBA. Traffic
high 60s low 70s dBA.

ST-24 5/12/2017 11:06 a.m. 56.3
South
Greenway
and Bixby
Village Drive
Traffic on Bixby Village
Drive, some traffic on
South Greenway, faint
aircraft noise.

42.5 dBA no traffic.

62.0/59.0 dBA no traffic
on Greenway. 72.0
dBA traffic, bus. 57.0
dBA traffic on Bixby
Village Drive. 68.0 dBA
helicopter.

Table J: Existing Short-Term Noise Level Measurements (continued) 3-8
3 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018
Monitor
No. Date Start Time dBA L
eq
Location
Description Noise Sources Notes
ST-25 5/19/2017 1:38 p.m. 67.0
1802 North
Studebaker
Road
Traffic on Studebaker
Road, Atherton Street, and
I-405.

Motorcycle on
Studebaker Road ~77.9
dBA. Heavy truck on
southbound Studebaker
Road ~79 dBA. Loud
pickup truck on
northbound Studebaker
Road 77.0 dBA. Traffic
on Studebaker Road
reaches low 70s dBA
intermittently.

ST-26 5/12/2017 10:32 a.m. 58.5
22 60th Street
Traffic on Ocean
Boulevard. Some noise
from street sweeper.

42.0 dBA no traffic.

57.0 dBA traffic on
Ocean Boulevard. 70.0
dBA traffic on Ocean
Boulevard.

ST-27 5/15/2017 12:27 p.m. 63.2 1147 East
South Street
Traffic on Orange Avenue
and South Street.

Filtered emergency
vehicle. 12:40 p.m.
distant car alarm.

ST-28 5/15/2017 11:51 a.m. 72.2
6020 Long
Beach
Boulevard
Traffic on Long Beach
Boulevard and Victoria
Street. Some trucks pulling
into stop.
11:54 a.m. plane (heavy
truck louder). Filtered
medium truck passby
directly behind meter.

High truck percentage.

ST-29 5/15/2017 10:33 a.m. 60.0
4974 Oregon
Avenue
Traffic on Del Amo
Boulevard and some traffic
on Oregon Avenue.

54.0 dBA low traffic on
Del Amo Boulevard. 63.6
dBA, 65/0 dBA traffic on
Del Amo Boulevard. 71.0
dBA traffic on Del Amo
Boulevard and aircraft
noise.

Table J: Existing Short-Term Noise Level Measurements (continued) 3-9
3 Existing Noise Analysis
Draft - February 2018
Table J: Existing Short-Term Noise Level Measurements (continued) Monitor
No. Date Start Time dBA L
eq
Location
Description Noise Sources Notes
ST-30 5/19/2017 12:51 p.m. 51.2
2339 Curry
Street
HVAC at 2380 Curry Street
and possible generator,
distant aircraft, and traffic,
some activity at industrial
uses at 2380 Curry Street
and 2339 Curry Street, and
a wind pump.

Occasional windpump
wheel noise (50.0–51.9
dBA). Aircraft ~50 dBA,
aircraft and wheel

54.5/~53 dBA. ~1:00
p.m. cars maneuvering
west of 2339 Curry
Street, high 50s, low
60s dBA. Car passby
mid 60s dBA, pickup
truck passby 61.9 dBA,
minivan 61.3 dBA.

Filtered dogs and distant
emergency vehicles.

ST-31 5/17/2017 8:46 a.m. 57.8
Hartwell
Park, 5801
Parkcrest
Street
Traffic on Carson Street
and Woodruff Avenue.

Two low-flying airplanes
and traffic 64.2 dBA. Car
without muffler low 70s
dBA Propeller plane and
light traffic 70.9 dBA.

Birds chirping. Allen Tire
Co. across street, traffic
is louder. Filtered sirens.

ST-32 5/12/2017 12:26 p.m. 65.2 Clark Avenue
and Atherton
Street
Traffic on Clark Avenue
and Atherton Street. None.

Source: LSA (2017).

L
eq = average noise level
CNEL = Community Noise Equivalent Level
dB = decibel(s)
dBA = A-weighted decibel(s)
ft = feet
HVAC = heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
I-405 = Interstate 405
I-710 = Interstate 710
SR-1 = State Route 1
SR-91 = State Route 91
SR-103 = State Route 103
3-10
3 Existing Conditions Report
Draft - February 2018
Service Layer Credits: Sources: Esri, HERE,
DeLorme, USGS, Intermap, increment P
Corp., NRCAN, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China
(Hong Kong), Esri (Thailand), MapmyIndia, ©
OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS
User Community
#*
#*
#*
")
")
")
")
#*
#*
#*
#*
#*
")
ST-12
ST-04
ST-05
LT-07
LT-06
LT-08
LT-10
ST-14
ST-19
ST-20
ST-22
LT-12
SOURCE: Esri (2016); LSA (5/2017)
I:\RDG1701\GIS\ProposedNoiseMonitoringLocations.mxd (10/2/2017) FIGURE 2
City of Long Beach Noise Element Update
Noise Monitoring Locations
0 2000 4000
FEET
LEGEND
Long Beach City Boundary
Monitoring Location Type
") Long
#* Short

Page 1 of 4 ends

Long Beach City CouncilJune 6, 2023

Long Beach City Council
June 6, 2023