Los Altos Hills City Council
June 18, 2025

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ensure that fire crews can physically access the structure with their equipment and personnel during an emergency.

Without a compliant access route or an approved equivalent alternative, these other features do not meet the performance expectations or technical findings of the AMMR process established by the Fire Code.

Relying on fire sprinklers as a safeguard against all fire threats overlooks the operational reality faced by firefighters during an emergency. Sprinklers are designed to control or suppress a fire’s growth—not extinguish it entirely.

Firefighters with hoselines are needed to control the fire and remove any smoke inhalation victims within the structure. In the event of a fire originating in the battery pack of an electric vehicle within the mechanical car stacker in the parking garage, firefighters would be forced to operate in dense, smoke-filled conditions with zero visibility, navigating complex garage layouts and stacked vehicles while wearing full protective equipment and breathing apparatus. Locating and extracting occupants overcome by smoke would be time-consuming, physically exhausting, and extremely dangerous—even in a building equipped with a functioning sprinkler system. The reality is that, despite sprinkler activation, the burden on firefighting personnel remains significant when searching for and rescuing victims from these high-risk scenarios.

The assertion that these measures together equate to code compliance is unsubstantiated and ignores the operational reality of firefighting. Interior sprinklers and an exterior standpipe connection do not obviate the need for timely fire crew access, and they offer no substitute for rescue capability when residents are trapped in areas unreachable by ladders or hose lines.

Inadequacy of Fire Protection Measures Given Unique Setting and Population Silver Oaks is located at the terminus of a narrow, winding road in an area with increased fire hazards and risk, designated by CAL FIRE as an HFHSZ. Steep slopes and vegetated ravines border the development sites, which lack a secondary access route and are constrained in ways that significantly limit firefighting logistics and resident evacuation.

These conditions are further compounded by the vulnerability of the senior population. Even with full code compliance inside the buildings, the failure to meet code in the building exterior and the lack of external access present an unacceptable risk for any population, particularly those unable to self-evacuate due to limited mobility.

Extended travel distance will also delay fire hose deployment, search and rescue operations, and emergency medical access to residents.

In short, the project’s proposed fire protection measures are either already required by the code or of limited value in addressing the fact that the proposed design does not meet minimum fire code requirements. The proposed alternatives, including the installation of exterior standpipe connections, are grossly inadequate when evaluated against the integrated fire risk posed by the site’s topography, limited access, and resident vulnerabilities. These conditions collectively justify the fire official’s conclusion that the project does not meet the intent or the letter of Section 503.1.1, nor does it qualify for an alternate means exception under CFC Section 104.10.

Landscaping Plan and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Concerns The project’s proposed landscaping plan includes the removal of fourteen mature oak trees and the planting of fifteen new oaks alongside decorative and privacy fencing. However, it lacks specificity and enforcement mechanisms with respect to compliance with defensible space standards and WUI vegetation management. The site borders natural, wooded ravines that contribute to increased wildfire spread potential under slope-driven ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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conditions. Without fuel modifications on adjoining properties — properties not owned or controlled by the developer — the landscaping plan does nothing to reduce hazard exposure.

Moreover, the proposed landscaping includes highly flammable ornamental vegetation and continuous wood fencing, both of which are susceptible to ignition from ember cast generated during wildfires in the adjacent HFHSZ.

This flammable perimeter treatment dramatically increases the risk of structure ignition from wind-driven embers, a leading cause of home loss in WUI fires. Compounding this vulnerability, the project’s narrow setbacks from property lines do not allow for the inclusion of firefighter ladder pads—flat, stable surfaces necessary for safe and effective ground ladder deployment. Without these critical features, fire personnel will be unable to perform exterior rescues or roof operations, particularly on the eastern, downslope elevations. These fundamental design flaws severely undermine both structural survivability and life safety during fire emergencies, especially given the site's isolated location and high-risk resident population.

These factors, combined with others already discussed in detail, make the addition of exterior standpipes in the narrow egress stairways an unacceptable alternative. Not only will the hoses attached to the exterior standpipes further impede the evacuation of occupants, but they will also leave occupants and firefighters vulnerable to fire and smoke in a tight corridor between the multistory building and a 6-foot combustible wooden fence.

High-Rise Functional Equivalency
As discussed in the earlier section of this analysis, assuming in arguendo that the Silver Oaks buildings does not exceed the strict numerical threshold for high-rise classification under the CBC, their design and site conditions demand functional equivalency in how they are evaluated. The eastern building elevations extend over 100 feet in height and descend away from the only point of fire department vehicular access along Mora Drive. As a result, the effective operational height from a firefighter's perspective—accounting for hose length, elevation gain, and lack of perimeter access—far exceeds the 75-foot required to qualify as a high-rise building.

From an emergency operations standpoint, these structures present the same access, staging, and rescue limitations as true high-rises. Fire department aerial ladders cannot be positioned effectively on the sloped eastern side, and there is no lateral fire apparatus access to reach the lowest floors. These conditions violate the operational principles behind high-rise code standards, such as exterior rescue capability and rapid internal access.

Accordingly, the Silver Oaks buildings should be treated as functionally equivalent to high-rises, subject to the same enhanced protections and access requirements typically applied to tall buildings with impaired fire department access, due to size and height. Ignoring these realities elevates both the ignition risk and the consequences of fire for any population and certainly for populations least capable of self-rescue. 5 Additional Observations

5.1 Expert Technical Critique of Wildland Res Mgt Analysis This report reviewed the correspondence dated January 29, 2025, and wildfire technical memorandum dated February 20, 2025, prepared by Carol Rice of Wildland Res Mgt for the Silver Oaks Senior Living project, and provides the Expert Analysis in this section, which identifies several substantial shortcomings. These deficiencies, when evaluated against the rigorous criteria of the applicable Fire Code for Los Altos Hills as adopted by the Town, the IFC, FEMA guidelines, and real-world firefighting operations, significantly weaken the projects’ safety ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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justifications. Although the Rice memorandum acknowledges certain risks, such as the projects’ reliance on a single access route and challenging topography, it fails to adequately address the operational implications crucial to the safety of vulnerable populations in fire-prone areas.

A fundamental flaw identified by this Expert Analysis is the inadequate consideration of evacuation limitations posed by the singular access to the proposed multistory residential buildings via Mora Drive. This configuration is consistently recognized in fire safety literature and emergency response case studies as inherently problematic, particularly in the WUI. While Wildland Res Mgt memorandum superficially acknowledges this limitation, it neglects a comprehensive exploration of the operational realities. Professional scrutiny, referencing historical incidents such as Paradise (2018) and Lahaina (2023), demonstrates that single-route evacuation corridors frequently result in severe congestion, delayed emergency response, and fatalities—risks further amplified for mobility-impaired residents like those proposed for Silver Oaks.

Another critical oversight in Wildland Res Mgt memorandum is the simplistic assumption that basic compliance with building codes, such as the installation of fire sprinklers, the creation of defensible spaces, and staff training, fully addresses fire risks and would relieve the projects from providing the required fire apparatus access road distance.

While fire sprinkler systems significantly reduce the risk of fatalities in residential fires, elderly individuals remain particularly vulnerable to smoke inhalation, even in sprinklered buildings. This heightened risk is due to factors such as limited mobility, sensory impairments, and pre-existing health conditions that can impede timely evacuation and increase susceptibility to smoke inhalation. Comprehensive assessments underscore the necessity of integrating the minimum fire code requirements with detailed operational firefighting considerations, access restrictions, and topographic constraints, especially for projects housing vulnerable populations. Crucially, Wildland Res Mgt memorandum does not clearly differentiate between internal suppression measures and the essential external operational access needed for rescue and firefighting.

Equally problematic is Wildland Res Mgt’s unsupported claim that the SCCFD can effectively respond to emergencies at Silver Oaks. The memorandum provides no concrete data regarding response times, apparatus capabilities, or the terrain-imposed constraints firefighters would face. Expert assessments demonstrate that effective fire response significantly depends on physical site accessibility and structural design. The proposed Silver Oaks buildings, positioned on steep slopes with eastern building elevations surpassing 100 feet, exceed practical limits for ground ladder operations and significantly challenge aerial apparatus capabilities. Such conditions inherently compromise firefighting rescue and fire suppression access, violating both the intent and practical application of the IFC’s 150-foot hose reach standard outlined in Section 503.1.1. Additionally, a fire in a multistory building housing at least 30 or more elderly occupants, some of whom will likely have mobility impairments and other medical/health conditions, requires an enhanced fire response. Even in a best-case scenario when fire sprinklers have controlled the fire, the entire building must be searched for potential fire and smoke inhalation victims, and the fire fully extinguished by firefighters. Removal of elderly fire victims from a multistory building over stairs and ladders is an extremely labor-intensive operation that will require fire resources to respond from adjoining jurisdictions. The construction of two multistory buildings in a rural residential setting will alter the existing fire response model, necessitating operational changes and considerations.

The number of personnel required to effectively respond to a structure fire varies significantly depending on building type. In typical residential structure fires—such as those involving existing single-family homes in the Mora Drive area—National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards recommend a minimum of 14 to 17 firefighters ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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to conduct a safe and coordinated response. This staffing level allows for fire attack, search and rescue, ventilation, rapid intervention, incident command, and water supply operations. These incidents are generally limited in complexity, span of control, and vertical operational demands32.

By contrast, fires in multistory buildings require a substantially greater commitment of resources due to vertical travel, delayed access to the fire floor, the need to manage multiple stairwells and building systems, and the possibility of complex occupant evacuation. A multistory residential building, such as the proposed Silver Oaks Senior Living buildings, typically demands an initial assignment of 42 to 50 firefighters to deploy hoselines, conduct multifloor search operations, and to extend ground ladders. This includes multiple engine and truck companies, division supervisors on each floor, rapid intervention teams, and relief crews staged for air bottle exchange and firefighter rehabilitation33. Again, the fact that the proposed senior living buildings are located hundreds of feet from the nearest intersecting road, at the terminus of Mora Drive, means that the fire response resources (12 to 15+ engines, trucks, EMS, and support vehicles) required for such an incident will be forced to queue up for extended distances on the narrow roadway. This will reduce the capabilities of additional fire engine pump and truck operations, force firefighters to haul hose and gear long distances to reach the buildings and narrow the roadway to less than 10 feet.

Operational experience and best practices from large urban agencies affirm that the complexity and duration of multistory resident building fire incidents necessitate not only greater staffing, but also more disciplined coordination under an expanded Incident Command System. These demands underscore the importance of evaluating any proposed multistory residential development for its practical impact on local fire department deployment capacity.

Rice also incorrectly implies that standard code-compliant features constitute sufficient equivalency measures to offset site access limitations. Her analysis lacks a detailed equivalency assessment, as explicitly mandated by IFC Section 104.9. Objective fire protection standards require alternative methods to be demonstrably equivalent or superior to conventional requirements through rigorous validation and empirical data—elements entirely absent from Wildland Res Mgt’s analysis.

Moreover, the documents and memorandum notably omit essential demographic data concerning vulnerabilities specific to the elderly resident population. Established research from agencies like the U.S. Fire Administration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the American Heart Association consistently demonstrates heightened fire fatality risks among older adults. This omission significantly undermines the credibility of the memorandum. Whereas PyroAnalysis’ report provides an expert analysis that reinforces the operational limitations posed by the siting and design of the proposed buildings, highlighting how emergency response capabilities and access times directly impact the survival probabilities of the proposed resident population during an emergency.

Wildland Res Mgt treatment of vegetation management and site topography is also superficial and incomplete.

Although referencing compliance with defensible space regulations, it fails to thoroughly examine how slope-driven fire behavior and topographic obstructions specifically affect firefighting operations. PyroAnalysis’ detailed evaluations clearly demonstrate that steep terrain complicates hose deployment, ladder placement, and evacuation 32 National Fire Protection Association. (n.d.). NFPA 1710 33 U.S. Fire Administration. (1991); also see County of Los Angeles et al; Fire Department of the City of New York ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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procedures, often requiring specialized features such as ladder pads or widened emergency turnouts—none of which are mentioned in current project documentation.

Of particular concern in the Expert Analysis is Wildland Res Mgt's unsubstantiated and unrealistic assertion that developing the project site would convert it from a high-hazard area to a "no-hazard" zone. At the outset, this assertion was made as a part of Wildland Res Mgt’s technical memo providing certain statements regarding concerns under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), and it specifically responds to the narrow question of whether the project sites are within a VHFHSZ within local and state responsibility areas as mapped by the State Fire Marshal. The purpose of this assertion in the technical memo is to reason that the project sites’ fire hazard and risk levels would be at a moderate level, despite any map and zone ratings. Thus, the assertion is theoretical at best and not supported by any factual data. It should also be noted that, at first glance, the project sites are in fact included as a part of a “high fire risk” area in several maps and indexes reviewed by Wildland Res Mgt.

Most importantly, Wildland Res Mgt “no hazard” claim disregards established fire science, which consistently indicates that structural developments within WUI areas are subject to ignition from ember cast, flammable landscaping, combustible fences, and potential complications during firefighting and evacuation operations.

Empirical studies and professional fire hazard analyses emphasize that hazard classifications cannot simply be eliminated by construction; instead, they often intensify due to increased human activity, ignition potential, and compromised firefighting accessibility. Wildland Res Mgt's assertion that the introduction of the buildings creates defensible space, reducing the hazard severity, fails to acknowledge that the ember cast and wildland fire behavior associated with fire severity is a product of the vegetation, climate, and topography of the surrounding area, not a single parcel. In this case, the project is surrounded by vegetation and topography that presents a VHFHSZ. Further exacerbating the hazard are the combustible landscaping, rooftop gardens, and wooden fence that are proposed as part of the landscaping plan.

It only takes a cursory review of the artist’s rendering of the buildings (see Figure 5) to easily visualize the threat posed to 60-80 or more senior residents trying to evacuate up hundreds of feet of stairway from the Silver Oaks Senior Living buildings in the face of the smoke and embers of a wildfire that ignite the wooden fence lining the stairs and the flammable landscaping near and on top of the buildings to appreciate that Wildland Res Mgt’s claims are not credible.

Finally, Wildland Res Mgt’s conclusion that there is no significant wildfire impact under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) relies on an overly narrow interpretation of risk. CEQA explicitly requires a comprehensive analysis of project impacts on emergency response and evacuation capabilities, particularly where existing constraints are clear. Expert evaluation identifies clear inadequacies in the access and egress redundancy at Silver Oaks, raising legitimate concerns about evacuation safety and response efficacy—issues critical enough to constitute significant CEQA impacts.

In summary, Wildland Res Mgt wildfire correspondence and memorandum significantly underestimate critical sitespecific hazards, inadequately address access limitations, and neglect important demographic risks. By disregarding the fundamental tenets of fire and building codes that provide a reasonable degree of fire and life safety for the occupants of the proposed multistory senior living buildings, and by relying on generalized safety measures without empirical validation, Wildland Res Mgt’s memorandum and correspondence do not sufficiently demonstrate the project's code compliance. PyroAnalysis’ comprehensive expert analysis, grounded in operational expertise, ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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objective fire protection standards, and demographic-specific vulnerability data, provides a significantly more accurate depiction of the genuine fire and emergency hazards posed by the Silver Oaks development.

FIGURE 5: LANDSCAPING SURROUNDING AND ON TOP OF THE PROPOSED SENIOR LIVING BUILDINGS

5.2 Applicable Code Requirements for High-Rise Designation If the Silver Oaks buildings are determined to meet the definition of a high-rise by the building official, a more stringent set of fire and life safety requirements will apply under the CBC and CFC. These include, but are not limited to:
• Pressurized stairwells to prevent smoke infiltration and allow safe egress; • Fire service access elevators capable of accommodating stretchers and operating under fire conditions; • Emergency voice/alarm communication systems to ensure building-wide occupant notification; • Fire command center with controls for alarms, communications, and building systems; • Smoke control systems engineered to manage smoke migration throughout the structure; • Redundant water supply and enhanced standpipe systems for upper-floor fire attack.

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These features are mandated due to the inherent delays and limitations faced by fire crews in high-rise operations—delays that are mirrored at Silver Oaks due to its topographic and access limitations. Acknowledging the project’s functional equivalency to a high-rise reinforces the necessity for these additional life safety provisions and underscores the risks of proceeding without them.
6 Implications of High Fire Hazard Severity Zone Reclassification Fire hazard severity zoning in California carries significant implications for building standards, vegetation management, and regulatory oversight. The CBC and CFC establish specific wildfire-mitigation requirements that differ based on whether a location is classified as a High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (HFHSZ) or a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (VHFHSZ). The following narrative provides a comparison of these requirements, highlighting their impact on building materials and design, defensible space and vegetation management practices, emergency access provisions, and enforcement under local jurisdictions.

6.1 Building Construction Standards (CBC Chapter 7A)
Applicability in HFHSZ vs. VHFHSZ
California’s WUI building standards (CBC Chapter 7A) are mandated for new structures in any VHFHSZ, including Local Responsibility Areas (LRA), and in practice, these standards also cover all State Responsibility Area (SRA) zones (which include areas of Moderate, High, and Very High severity)34. In the LRA (cities/counties), however, Chapter 7A historically has been automatically required only for areas designated as VHFHSZ by the State or local ordinance35.

This means that a building site officially classified as VHFHSZ triggers stringent statewide fire-hardening requirements, whereas a site in a Moderate or High FHSZ may not by default be subject to those same CBC Chapter 7A provisions unless local authorities have adopted more expansive WUI ordinances. Notably, recent legislation (AB 211, 2022) now requires local agencies to formally designate Moderate and High FHSZs as well36, and future code updates are anticipated to extend Chapter 7A requirements to HFHSZ areas by 202637. In the interim, some jurisdictions proactively treat HFHSZ properties similar to VHFHSZ by designating them as WUI zones locally38.

6.2 Defensible Space and Vegetation Management (CFC Chapter 49, PRC §4291, GC §51182)
100-Foot Defensible Space Mandate
Requirements for maintaining defensible space around structures are a cornerstone of wildfire safety in both High and Very high FHSZs, but the legal authority differs by jurisdiction. In local jurisdictions, Government Code §51182 imposes an equivalent 100-foot defensible space obligation for properties within VHFHSZ areas39. Practically, this means removing or thinning flammable vegetation, trimming tree canopies, cleaning dead leaves and debris, and often creating two zones of modified fuel: typically a Lean, Clean, and Green Zone from 0–30 feet, and a Reduced 34 California Department of Housing and Community Development 35 Paso Robles Fire and Emergency Services
36 City of Carmel-by-the-Sea
37 Paso Robles Fire and Emergency Services
38 City of Carmel-by-the-Sea
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Fuel Zone from 30–100 feet from the structure. Recent regulations also introduce an immediate “ember-resistant zone” within 5 feet of structures (often referred to as Zone 0), where combustible materials and vegetation should be eliminated to prevent ignition from embers40. These defensible space practices are codified in the CFC as well – CFC Chapter 49 (Requirements for WUI Fire Areas) echoes the 100-foot clearance mandate and associated vegetation management standards for designated wildfire zones, aligning closely with PRC 429.

HFHSZ Considerations
If a property is classified as HFHSZ but not “Very High,” the state law does not automatically mandate the 100-foot clearance under GC 51182 (since that statute specifically names VHFHSZ). However, this distinction is more technical than practical. Many local governments have adopted ordinances that extend defensible space requirements to all high-hazard areas, recognizing that extreme fire behavior is still possible in HFHSZ. For instance, jurisdictions often include both HFHSZ and VHFHSZ in their local weed abatement or vegetation management programs. As a result, an owner in a High zone is often subject to similar vegetation clearance notices from the local fire authority, even if the underpinning authority is a local ordinance.

Vegetation Management and Landscaping Rules
Both HFHSZ and VHFHSZ classifications influence what kind of planting and fuel modification plans are permissible during development. In VHFHSZ areas, a formal Fuel Management Plan or Landscape Plan is typically required as part of the project approval process. These plans must delineate zones of vegetation thinning, removal of hazardous fuels, and ongoing maintenance commitments. Only fire-resistant, drought-tolerant plant species are typically allowed in new landscaping near structures, with highly flammable species, such as certain pines, eucalyptus, or juniper, either prohibited or tightly restricted. In an HFHSZ area, these landscape restrictions might not be explicitly imposed by state code, but local agencies commonly encourage similar practices. Fire officials may provide planting guidelines for defensible space voluntarily. During the environmental review of a project in an HFHSZ, the reviewing agency may still require a basic vegetation management plan as a mitigation measure. The main difference is that in a VHFHSZ, such plans are enforced as a condition of approval and ongoing law (CFC 49 and PRC/GC codes), whereas in an HFHSZ the impetus may come from local policy or general plan safety elements rather than an absolute state mandate. Regardless of the zone, the fundamental goal remains to create a survivable space around structures by breaking up continuous fuels and reducing vegetation density and combustibility near buildings.

6.3 Emergency Access and Egress Provisions
Road Design and Secondary Access
Safe emergency access is a critical concern in wildfire-prone areas, and the expected standards can differ between HFHSZ and VHFHSZ designations primarily through the lens of planning requirements. Developments in VHFHSZ face heightened scrutiny regarding ingress and egress. State regulations (for SRA lands under PRC §4290 and associated Fire Safe Regulations) stipulate minimum road widths (often 20 feet or more of unobstructed width) and maximum road lengths for dead-end streets serving developments in wildland areas41. For instance, there are limits on cul-de-sac lengths in fire hazard areas and requirements for turnouts on long driveways, all intended to ensure fire engines can reach a property and residents can evacuate simultaneously. In local VHFHSZ areas, by parallel, 40 California Public Resources Code §4291; City of Carmel-by-the-Sea 41 California Board of Forestry and Fire Protection
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many cities/counties have adopted similar rules: developments may be required to have at least two points of access/egress if serving a certain number of homes, or to install additional emergency gates connecting to neighboring communities. The implication is that being in a VHFHSZ elevates secondary access from a mere bestpractice to a critical safety priority subject to government review. In contrast, an HFHSZ designation on its own does not trigger a specific state mandate for a second access road, but the risk conditions (heavy fuels, steep topography, etc.) often inherent in HFHSZ areas may prompt local officials to ask for similar mitigation. For example, during the Silver Oaks project review, although the site is not VHFHSZ, the single-road access via Mora Drive was identified as a limiting factor during evacuations. This exemplifies that even in an HFHSZ designated area, agencies will closely evaluate evacuation capacity, possibly requiring upgrades like widened roads, fire apparatus turnarounds, or alternate emergency routes as conditions of project approval.

Fire Protection Infrastructure
Both FHSZ zones also influence fire mitigation requirements of a development. In a VHFHSZ, local codes may mandate higher firefighting water flow availability (e.g. additional fire hydrants or on-site water tanks) and the inclusion of automatic fire sprinkler systems in all structures (though sprinkler requirements are now universal in California for new dwellings, in high wildfire areas there is absolutely no exception or variance permitted).

Developments in VHFHSZs commonly need a Fire Protection Plan – a comprehensive document evaluating the project’s design against wildfire scenarios – which will cover emergency access, evacuation routes, and fire-fighting tactics. While a similar plan might be requested for a project in an HFHSZ, it is more likely to be required in a Very High zone as part of an ordinance or code. The expected fire behavior in VHFHSZ (usually characterized by extreme flame lengths and rapid rates of spread) often necessitates built-in redundancies for safety. For example, combustible exterior accessories (like wooden fences, trellises, or gazebos attached to buildings) might not be allowed in VHFHSZ or required to be built of noncombustible materials or have separations to prevent flame spread to structures. In an HFHSZ, such features might be permitted if the overall risk is assessed to be slightly lower, though design professionals still often recommend similar precautions. In summary, VHFHSZ classification “raises the bar” for emergency planning and infrastructure, compelling developers and officials to demonstrate that a project has safe evacuation modeling, hardened infrastructure, and minimal ignition vulnerabilities.

6.4 Enforcement and Permitting Implications
Permitting Process
From a building permit perspective, being in a VHFHSZ adds an extra layer of review. The local building department must verify that plans comply with CBC Chapter 7A standards before issuing a permit42. The building official verifies that the proposed construction meets all applicable wildfire hardening provisions – which for a VHFHSZ project includes exterior material specifications, vent details, glazing requirements, etc. This verification is documented in the permit file and the final inspection sign-off, providing a record that the structure as built is code-compliant for the hazard zone43. For projects in an HFHSZ (Chapter 7A required beginning January 2026), the permitting may proceed under standard building codes, but local agencies can impose conditions of approval during planning entitlements to bolster fire safety. For instance, a use permit or subdivision approval in an HFHSZ might stipulate that the developer still use ignition-resistant materials or create a fuel break on the property perimeter, even if those specifics are above base code. These conditions then carry into the building permit phase as requirements. 42 California Department of Housing and Community Development 43 California Department of Housing and Community Development ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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Additionally, discretionary permits (like a site development permit or conditional use permit) in fire hazard zones often require a Fire Protection Plan or similar technical report. In a VHFHSZ, submission of such a plan (prepared by a fire protection specialist and reviewed by the Fire Marshal) is commonly mandatory. In an HFHSZ, until the anticipated application of Chapter 7A to the HFHSZ in January of 2026, it might be requested at the agency’s discretion when the project presents notable fire concerns.

Local Amendments and Stricter Standards
Local jurisdictions have the ability to adopt fire and building code amendments, such as IFC 503.1, that are more restrictive than the state minimum, due to climatic, topographical, or geological findings. Many fire-prone communities have exercised this power, meaning that in practice an area labeled “HFHSZ” in a given city could still be treated similarly to a VHFHSZ under local law. For example, the City of Carmel-by-the-Sea’s municipal code directly incorporates CBC Chapter 7A and CFC Chapter 49 requirements for Moderate, High, or Very High FHSZ within the city44. This effectively levels the playing field by enforcing wildfire-resilient construction and defensible space across all hazard severities. Enforcement in those cities is handled by local officials, but under a local ordinance that mirrors state WUI standards. In contrast, jurisdictions that have historically only mapped VHFHSZ (per earlier state law) might not have imposed WUI building codes in areas that are now, with new maps, classified as High. As those updated 2025 FHSZ maps are adopted, the permitting requirements will evolve – properties newly categorized as HFHSZ can expect that building departments and fire departments will begin to treat them with the same caution as VHFHSZ, phasing in Chapter 7A construction rules and formal defensible space oversight (many agencies are already planning this transition)45.

Summary of Implications for Silver Oaks
For the Silver Oaks projects, local enforcement authority lies with the Town of Los Altos Hills. It is reasonable to assume that CBC Chapter 7A construction standards will be required in both the HFHSZ and VHFHSZs by January of 2026. Therefore, it is prudent to evaluate the Silver Oaks development from this perspective. If the proposed project site at 10728 and 10758 Mora Drive is classified as a VHFHSZ by Los Altos Hills, the roads serving the properties must comply with CCR, Title 14, Article 2, Emergency Access and Egress. This requires the roads to be a minimum of 20 feet in clear width and capable of supporting an imposed load of 75,000 pounds; the road grade may not exceed 16%; the inside radius of the roads must be engineered to meet the requirements of Section 1273.04; turnarounds must be designed in accordance with 1273.05; and the applicant must show that Mora Road is either a dead-end road that conforms with 1273.08 or has a second egress road constructed to the above listed standards. Further, 14 CCR, Article 5 requires that all parcels provide a minimum of thirty-foot setbacks from property lines or the center of roads.
44 City of Carmel-by-the-Sea
45 Paso Robles Fire and Emergency Services
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7 References
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BBC News. (2019). Grenfell Tower: What happened? BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40301289 (Retrieved May 2025)
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https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/12304/cdc_12304_DS1.pdf (Retrieved June 2025) Brush, B. (n.d.). Out of reach? Evaluating the risk for ground ladder rescues at multi-family dwelling fires. FEMA. https://apps.usfa.fema.gov/pdf/efop/efo48567.pdf (Retrieved May 2025) Cairns, C., Ashman, J. J., Kang, Kai. (2021). Emergency department visit rates by selected characteristics: United States, 2018. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db401.htm (Retrieved May 2025) ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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CAL FIRE. (2024). Defensible space and the law: CAL FIRE’s guide to defensible space requirements [Fact sheet]. https://readyforwildfire.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Defensible-Space-and-the-Law-FactsheetRevisions-Jan-2024.pdf (Retrieved May 2025) CAL FIRE. (n.d.). Fire Hazard Severity Zones. Office of the State Fire Marshal. https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/what-wedo/community-wildfire-preparedness-and-mitigation/fire-hazard-severity-zones (Retrieved May 2025) California Board of Forestry and Fire Protection. (2020). SRA Fire Safe Regulations. https://www.rsffire.org/files/ab27b9c52/SRA+Fire+Safe+Regulations.pdf (Retrieved May 2025) California Building Standards Commission. (2022). Guide to Title 24: Based on the 2022 edition of the California Building Standards Code, Title 24, California Code of Regulations. California Department of General Services. https://www.dgs.ca.gov/-/media/Divisions/BSC/05-Resources/Guidebooks/2022-Guide-toTitle-24-06-28-22- Final.pdf (Retrieved May 2025)
California Building Standards Commission. (2024, July). Guide for local amendments of building standards (7th ed.).

California Department of General Services. https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:US:eed7303b-c9ac408c-8ea9-a5f93f5eee03 (Retrieved May 2025) California Department of Housing and Community Development. (2010). 2010 California Building Code: Chapter 7A-- Materials and construction methods for exterior wildfire exposure. https://www.hcd.ca.gov/buildingstandards/state-housing-law/wildland-urban-interface/docs/2010-part-2-cbc-ch7a.pdf (Retrieved May 2025) California Department of Housing and Community Development. (2010). 2010 California Building Code: Chapter 7A — Materials and construction methods for exterior wildfire exposure (§ 701A.4). https://www.hcd.ca.gov/buildingstandards/state-housing-law/wildland-urban-interface/docs/2010-part-2-cbc-ch7a.pdf (Retrieved May 2025) California Government Code §§ 50022.1–50022.8. (2023). FindLaw. https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/governmentcode/gov-sect-50022-1/ (Retrieved May 2025) California Government Code §6066. (2023). FindLaw. https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/government-code/gov-sect-6066/ (Retrieved May 2025)
ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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PyroAnalysis LLC
California Health and Safety Code §§13869,13869.7. (2023). FindLaw. https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/health-andsafety-code/hsc-sect-13869/ (Retrieved May 2025) California Health and Safety Code §§ 17958, 17958.5, 17958.7. (2023). FindLaw. https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/healthand-safety-code/hsc-sect-17958/ (Retrieved May 2025) California Public Resources Code §4291. (2024). California Legislative Information. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PRC&sectionNum=4291 (Retrieved May 2025)
California Public Resources Code § 4290.5. (2023). FindLaw. https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/public-resourcescode/prc-sect-4290-5.html (Retrieved May 2025) California State Assembly, Committee on Natural Resources. (2024, June 10). SB 504 (Dodd) – As amended June 4, 2024: Wildfires: defensible space: grant programs: local governments (Committee analysis). https://trackbill.com/s3/bills/CA/2023/SB/504/analyses/assembly-natural-resources.pdf (Retrieved May 2025)
City of Calabasas. (n.d.). Fire hazard severity zones. https://www.cityofcalabasas.com/government/public-safetyemergency-preparedness/fire-hazard-severity-zones (Retrieved May 2025) City of Carmel-by-the-Sea. (2025, May 5). Staff report: Receive a presentation and provide direction on the 2025 Fire Hazard Severity Zone map, Wildland-Urban Interface areas and associated Carmel-by-the-Sea Municipal Code modifications [Staff report].
https://carmel.novusagenda.com/agendapublic/CoverSheet.aspx?ItemID=7345&MeetingID=1736 (Retrieved May 2025)
City of Los Altos, Los Altos Hills County Fire District, & Santa Clara County Central Fire Protection District. (2016, December). Fire and emergency medical services agreement. https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:US:f9c232af-20df-4cc5-a686-b76a60ee0595 (Retrieved May 2025) ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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PyroAnalysis LLC
County of Los Angeles, Chief Administrative Office, Office of Emergency Management, & Los Angeles County Fire Department. (1997). Emergency procedures manual: Guidelines for county buildings (Rev. ed.). https://file.lacounty.gov/SDSInter/dmh/192747_cms1_192747.pdf (Retrieved May 2025) Fire Department of the City of New York. (1997, January 1). Firefighting procedures: Volume 1, Book 5 – High-rise office buildings [PDF]. In M. Alessi (Uploader), Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/document/47437689/FDNYCHighrise-SOP (Retrieved May 2025) Firehouse.com News. (2016). NIOSH report released on fire that killed two Boston firefighters. https://www.firehouse.com/safety-health/news/12180175/firefighter-news-niosh-report-2014-09-on-bostonfirefighter-fatalities (Retrieved June 2025) Jimenez, J. (2025). L.A. fires death toll rises to 30 after remains are found. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/03/us/la-fires-death-toll.html (Retrieved May 2025) ICC Digital Codes. (2022). California Building Code, Section 202: Definitions – "High-Rise Building." International Code Council. https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/CABC2022P1/chapter-2-definitions#CABC2022P1_Ch02_Sec202 (Retrieved May 2025)
International Building Code (IBC). (2021). Section 403, High-Rise Buildings, 2021 Edition.

Mason, J. (n.d.). Developing a high-rise firefighting standard operating guideline. FEMA. https://apps.usfa.fema.gov/pdf/efop/efo48124.pdf (Retrieved May 2025) National Fire Protection Association. (1988). First Interstate Bank building fire. NFPA. https://nfpa.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9f204a7b-0dd1-4b16-8b15-961c2a0ad109/ (Retrieved May 2025)
National Fire Protection Association. (2022). Emergency evacuation planning guide for people with disabilities. NFPA. https://www.nfpa.org/downloadable-resources/guides/evacuation-guide-pdf (Retrieved May 2025) National Fire Protection Association. (n.d.). Community Risk Reduction Overview. NFPA. https://www.nfpa.org/crr (Retrieved May 2025)
ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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PyroAnalysis LLC
National Fire Protection Association. (n.d.). NFPA 1710 requirements fact sheet. https://www.nfpa.org/downloadableresources/fact-sheets/nfpa-1710-requirements-fact-sheet (Retrieved May 2025) NBC Los Angeles. (2022, September 5). Two killed in Northern California's Mill Fire. https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/two-killed-northern-california-mill-fire/2978164/ (Retrieved May 2025)
Paso Robles Fire and Emergency Services. (2025). Fire hazard severity zones FAQ’s. https://prcity.com/DocumentCenter/View/39302/FHSZ-FAQ-Sheet-2025 (Retrieved May 2025) Revision Submittal. (2025, May). 10728 Mora Drive, Silver Oaks Los Altos Hills, California. https://redwoodpubliclawpllcmy.sharepoint.com/:b:/g/personal/melanie_meneses_redwoodpubliclaw_com/EWs0sA_P3H1Lpid2- QTQpp8BkLNHDjlZw0T17VSc0SEi-Q?e=f2trtG (Retrieved May 2025) Revision Submittal. (2025, May). Supplemental documents index (Permit No. CDP23-001). https://redwoodpubliclawpllcmy.sharepoint.com/:b:/g/personal/melanie_meneses_redwoodpubliclaw_com/EQtotHvAlNdGkbFM7wtu9Rc BJYVn4V6_8tLMk0_lePz6Kw?e=GnBGec (Retrieved May 2025)
Revision Submittal. (2025, May). 10758 Mora Drive, Silver Oaks Los Altos Hills, California. https://redwoodpubliclawpllcmy.sharepoint.com/:b:/g/personal/melanie_meneses_redwoodpubliclaw_com/ETLno5L8km5MiRsIEIwCUq4B OLTof_fw5sRcsaMrPA_49w?e=e0EOVz (Retrieved May 2025)
Revision Submittal. (2025, May). Supplemental documents index (Permit No. CDP23-002). https://redwoodpubliclawpllcmy.sharepoint.com/:b:/g/personal/melanie_meneses_redwoodpubliclaw_com/Ecvhvl5jYI1MtO1PPEyHCwwB OxVlURdtsGUi2TrDVY7vzg?e=bfpLr3 (Retrieved May 2025)
Spells, A., & Maxouris, C. (2020). An elderly couple refused to leave the home they loved and were killed in the East Troublesome Fire. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/24/us/colorado-wildfire-couple-killed (Retrieved May 2025)
ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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PyroAnalysis LLC
Town of Los Altos Hills. (2022). Ordinance No. 607: An ordinance amending Chapters 1.2 (Residential Code) and 1.8 (Fire Code) of Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code, adopting by reference amendments to the 2022 California Building Standards Code and local code amendments [Municipal ordinance]. Unpublished manuscript.

U.S. Fire Administration. (1991). Highrise office building fire One Meridian Plaza Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. FEMA. https://www.fireengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/usfa-tr-049-one-meridian-plaza-fire.pdf (Retrieved May 2025)
U.S. Fire Administration. (2022). Mitigating losses incurred by vulnerable populations during wildfires. FEMA. https://www.usfa.fema.gov/blog/mitigating-losses-incurred-by-vulnerable-populations-during-wildfires/ (Retrieved May 2025)
U.S. Fire Administration. (2023). Older adult fire death risk. FEMA. https://www.usfa.fema.gov/statistics/deathsinjuries/older-adults.html (Retrieved May 2025) ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

shane lauderdale
�arly in my career, I developed a passion for community risk reduction, earning a Bachelor of Science in Fire Prevention Technology from Cogswell Polytechnical College and an Associate Degree in Fire Technology from Shasta Community College. I founded PyroAnalysis in 1998 to assist communities, developers, and attorneys in interpreting and applying fire and emergency management principles.

As a leader in fire and emergency management, I have guided communities and institutions through the challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic, developing and evaluating emergency and evacuation plans, and adopting fire codes and standards specifically tailored to their unique needs.

As a certified instructor, I have inspired thousands of fire service professionals to create innovative strategies to combat hostile fire and other disasters and was a contributor to the California State Fire Marshal Fire Officer and Fire Investigator certification curriculum.

I started my career as a firefighter in the summer of 1985 and served with the City of Redding, California Fire Department from 1986 to 2012. During my more than 25 years in Redding, I worked as a firefighter, fire apparatus engineer, arson investigator/inspector, fire captain, operations battalion chief, and deputy chief of administration. In January 2012, I became the operations chief at Chico Fire-Rescue. I served as fire chief in Chico, California, from April 2014 to 2016, where I created the Division of Community Risk Reduction, prioritizing emergency preparedness and risk reduction over the traditional reactive fire service response model.

I have served on a Type 1 Incident Management Team since 2001. As an operation section chief and branch director, I have assisted dozens of communities impacted by catastrophic fires and other disasters in California.

Incidents include the Thomas Fire of 2017, where I led the evacuation of Ojai and the firefight in Montecito; the Oroville Dam failure; the Camp Fire in 2018; the Kincade Fire of 2019; and the Butte Complex of 2020. I am a member of the Advanced All-Hazard Incident Management (AAIM) training cadre that provides intensive disaster management training and evaluation for All-Hazard Incident Management Teams.

My certifications include NFPA Certified Fire Protection Specialist, Type 1 Operations Section Chief, Type 3 Incident Commander, Certified Chief Fire Officer, Certified Fire Officer, Certified Fire Prevention Officer, Certified Fire Service Instructor, and IAAI/NAFI Certified Fire Investigator. 530.520.7297
[email protected]
1095 Hilltop Drive, Suite 200
Redding, CA 96003-3811
ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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NOTABLE PROJECTS
Fire Code Adoptions
Town of Los Altos Hills (2022)
Assisted the Town in developing fire code amendments to allow for the continued development of ADUs Cities of Pacifica, Brisbane, and Daly City (2022)
Assisted the cities with the amendment and adoption process for the 2022 triennial code cycle JUHSD Staff Housing Project
Daly City, CA (2020)
Served as the Daly City Fire Official during the planning and development of the project Genesis Marina High-rise Complex
Brisbane, CA (2021)
Served as the City of Brisbane Fire Official during the development and construction of the complex Midway Village Housing Project
Daly City, CA (2021)
Served as the Daly City Fire Official during the planning and development of the project Pacifica School District Housing
930 Oddstad Blvd., Pacifica (2021)
Served as the Fire Official for the design review of the proposed Apartment Complex Olivenhain Evacuation Analysis, Recommendations and Update City of Encinitas, CA (2021)
Fountain Wind Project Wildfire Impact Study
Shasta County, CA (2023)
Mission Point Development Fire Services Impact Study
City of Santa Clara (2023)
Prepared a fire services impact study on behalf of the city for a proposed development with high rise apartment complexes, office buildings, laboratories, and retail shops. The complex was estimated to have a daily population of approximately 16,000.

Community Evacuation Study
Nevada County, CA (2023)
Conducted an evacuation analysis for five wildfire-prone communities Lake Tahoe Basin Evacuation Study
Lake Tahoe (2024)
Conducted an evacuation time analysis for the Tahoe Basin on behalf of a non-profit group Apache Wind Project Wildfire Analysis
Apache County, AZ (2025)
ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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EXPERIENCE
Founder, CEO & Principal Consultant 1998- Present
PyroAnalysis
• Emergency Management Planning
• Fire Origin and Cause Investigations
• Building/Fire Code Compliance Analysis
• Fire and Life Safety System Analysis
• Litigation Support
• Expert Testimony
• Fire Service-Related Training
Deputy Fire Chief 2016-2019
North County Fire Authority, San Mateo County, CA
• Assist with the general management of the Fire Department through supervision of the Administration and Prevention Division.
• Manage budgets for the Cities of Brisbane, Daly City, and Pacifica. • Provide logistical support including apparatus acquisition. • Conduct analysis of Department budgets, service delivery, emergency service needs and create reports to illustrate findings.
• Respond to major alarm incidents.
• Act as the Acting Fire Chief and Duty Chief.

Chief of Department 2014-2016
Chico Fire-Rescue Department, CA
• Direct the overall daily fire/rescue service delivery for the City of Chico. Chico Fire-Rescue serves a population of over 100,000 citizens, including the California State University at Chico from six fire stations. • Emergency management services provided by the department include fire suppression, emergency medical response, hazardous materials mitigation, technical rescue, fire investigation, fire protection/ prevention systems inspections, and fire code enforcement. • Reorganized the Department by adding a Division focused on Community Risk Reduction; and, trained and deployed a 9-member Fire Investigation Team to address the significant hostile fire problem in the City of Chico.

Operations Chief 2012-2013
Chico Fire-Rescue Department, CA
• Directed the overall daily fire/rescue service delivery for the City of Chico. • Emergency management services provided by the department include fire suppression, emergency medical response, hazardous materials mitigation, technical rescue, fire investigation, fire protection/ prevention systems inspections, and fire code enforcement.

ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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EXPERIENCE CONTINUED
Deputy Chief 2011
Redding Fire Department, CA
• Fire Marshal overseeing the Bureau of Fire Prevention and Investigations. • Evaluated and approved fire protection systems, alternative methods, and materials. • Consulted with developers and architects to ensure fire safety (life safety codes). • Interpreted fire and life safe codes for the AHJ.

Battalion Chief 2005-2011
Redding Fire Department, CA
• Shift Supervisor/Incident Commander directing fire and emergency management for 9 fire companies from 8 fire stations. Population served is approximately 100,000 within 70 square miles of the City of Redding.

Fire Captain 1999-2005
Redding Fire Department, CA
• Supervised operations personnel while performing fire suppression, fire prevention, rescue, and EMS duties.
• Training program development and instruction as directed by the Deputy Chief of Operations.

Engineer/Acting Captain 1997-1999
Redding Fire Department, CA
• Fire suppression, apparatus operation, EMS, and related fire operations duties.

Fire Inspector 1993-1997
Redding Fire Department, CA
• Lead Fire/Arson Investigator, Fire Investigation Team Leader and Team Trainer. • Organized, recruited, trained and wrote the policies and procedures for a 12-person Fire Investigation Team.
• Trained Redding Police Department Investigators to investigate the origin and cause of fires. • Supervised the Business Fire Inspection Program (three shifts and nine engine companies inspected more than 4,000 occupancies annually).

Firefighter/Engineer 1986-1993
Redding Fire Department, CA
• Fire suppression, apparatus operation, EMS, and related fire operations duties.

ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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• Building Construction for the Fire Service
• Fire Academy I & II modules
• Fire Command 1a and 1b
• Fire Control 4
• Fire Investigation 1a and 1b
• Fire Officer 2b and 2c
• Fire Prevention 1a and 1b
• Flammable Gases and Liquids
• Introduction to Fire Prevention Technology
• Introduction to Fire Protection
• Management 1

INSTRUCTOR
Advanced All-Risk Incident Management 2018-Present
Instructor and coach for the AAIM course that qualifies students for certification as Type 1 Incident Management Team members.

Shasta Community College, CA 1994-Present
College of the Siskiyous, CA 1995-2012
• Fire Academy I & II modules
• Fire Investigation 1a and 1b
• Fire Prevention 1a, 1b and 1c
• Flashover Safety and Survival
Guest Speaker-“Serial Arson Case Study” 1997
CAL FIRE Investigator training program in Santa Rosa, CA Apartment Complex Training Burn 1997
Trained Redding Police, CAL FIRE and Redding Fire Department Investigators using several apartments as burn laboratories to demonstrate fire investigation techniques, burn pattern recognition and fire behavior.

California State Fire Marshal Instructor
Registered with the Office of State Fire Marshal as an instructor for the following courses:
• Incident Management of Major Fires
• Chief Fire Officer 3A, “Human Resource Management”
• Chief Fire Officer 3B, “Budget and Fiscal Responsibilities” • Chief Fire Officer 3C, “General Administration Function” • Chief Fire Officer 3D, “Emergency Service Delivery
Responsibility”
• Investigation 1a, “Fire Origin and Cause Determination” • Investigation 1b, “Techniques of Fire Investigation”
• Investigation 2a, “Criminal and Legal Procedures”
• Investigation 2b, “Field Case Studies”
• Prevention 1a, “Fire Inspection Practices”
• Prevention 1b, “Code Enforcement”
• Prevention 1c, “Regulating Flammable liquids and Gases” • Command 1a, “Command Principles of the Company
Officer”
• Command 1b, “Hazardous Materials Command
Principles”
• Command 1c, “I-Zone Firefighting for the Company
Officer”
• Command 2a, “Command Tactics at Fires”
• Command 2e, “Wildland Firefighting Tactics”
• Management 1, “Management/Supervision for the
Company Officer”
• Fire Control 1, “Basic Fire Chemistry”
• Fire Control 2, “Basic Operations-Structure”
• Fire Control 3, “Structural Firefighting”
• Fire Control 4, “Oil & Gas Firefighting”
• Fire Control 6, “Wildland Firefighting Essentials”
• Fire Control 7, “Wildland Firefighting”
• Operations Section Chief All-Risk
• Division Group Supervisor All-Risk
• Strike Team Leader All-Risk
• Fire Officer Series
ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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ACHIEVEMENTS
Past Ex-officio Board Member California Conference of Arson Investigators Past President Shasta County Arson Task Force
California Incident Command Certification Peer Review Board Member CAL FIRE IMT Member (2001-2024)
Operations Section Chief, Franklin Fire, Malibu, CA (2024) Operations Section Chief, Shelly Fire (2024)
Operations Section Chief, Fawn Fire (2021)
Operations Section Chief, Bear Fire, West Zone (2020)
Operations Section Chief, Camp Fire (2018)
Operations Section Chief, Thomas Fire (2017)
Deputy Operations Section Chief, Soberanes Fire (2016)
Advanced All-Hazard Incident Management Cadre Member (2016) SFO Full-Scale Aircraft Rescue Exercise Evaluator (2016) Deputy Director Northern California Training Officers (2008-2012) Shasta County Firefighter of the Year (1995)

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
California State Fire Training committee member tasked with writing and updating curriculum for Fire Investigator and Prevention Officer Certification courses (1999-2002) Co-authored the course text for California State Fire Marshal Fire Investigation 1b, “Techniques of Fire Investigation” course (1999)

EDUCATION
BSc Fire Prevention Technology 2011
Cogswell Polytechnical College, CA
AA Fire Science 1994
Shasta Community College, CA
ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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CERTIFICATIONS and LICENSES
• Certified Fire Protection Specialist, National Fire Protection Association • Certified Fire Investigator, International Association of Arson Investigators • Certified Fire Investigator I & II, California State Fire Marshal • Certified Operation Section Chief, Type 1, CICCS
• Certified Chief Officer, California State Fire Marshal • Certified Fire Prevention Officer, California State Fire Marshal • Certified Fire Officer, California State Fire Marshal • Certified Fire Service Instructor, California State Fire Marshal • Private Investigator, CA #20586

AFFILIATIONS
Member, International Association of Arson Investigators Member, National Association of Fire Investigators
Member, National Fire Protection Association

EXPERTISE
Fire Protection Systems Analysis
Several Northern California communities have retained me to apply my knowledge and expertise in fire protection systems and fire code interpretation. Projects have included large manufacturing facilities, schools, hotels, care facilities for the elderly, mixed occupancies, subdivision development and fire code adoption. I have provided services ranging from consultation to in-depth fire safety plan review and inspections.

Fire Investigations
To date, I have examined well over 1,200 fire scenes and am responsible for, or assisted in, determining the origin and cause in more than 600 fire Investigations, including commercial structure, residential structure, forest and grassland, and vehicle fire incidents. I have testified in the State of California Criminal, Civil, and Juvenile courts and in depositions as a fire cause expert on numerous occasions. I have provided analysis and litigation support, including depositions and expert testimony in civil and criminal trials. Some notable investigations are enumerated below:

ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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EXPERTISE CONTINUED
Civil Liability
Giovannotto Land and Cattle LLV, et al v. Elliot French et al. Multi-million dollar case. (2024) Causation Expert
City of Boston Firefighter Fatality Case. (2019)
Forest Lands
Story Fire, Plumas Co., CA, 55,000-acre fire destroyed timber worth 20-million dollars. (2000) Grasslands
Peppertree Inc., Redding, CA. 100-acres and three structures damaged. (1999) Natural Gas Explosion
Wilson Ave., Redding, CA. Intentional release of natural gas destroyed the residence. (1999) Car Dealership
Shoffner’s Miracle Mile Auto Mart, Redding, CA. Fire cause was determined to be arson. 1-million-dollar loss. (1997)
Serial Arson
People v. Campbell. Seven commercial structure fires. (1997) People v. Mills & Heiser. Dozens of vandalism fires and two commercial structures. (1997) Factory
American Propeller, Redding, CA. 2.8-million-dollar loss to propeller manufacturing/refurbishing plant. (1995) Federal Civil Rights Case
Victor Ave., Redding, CA. Women’s Feminist Health Clinic arson fire. (1994) Fire Bombing
Lebrun Ave., Redding, CA. Three juveniles were found responsible for fire bombing an Asian American family’s residence. (1994)
Arson/Homicide
People v. Foley, et al., (1994)
People v. Ewart, Redding, CA. (1993)
Double Fatality
N. Market Street Hotel, Redding, CA. (1993)
Saw Mill
Girvan Lumber Company, Redding, CA, 2-million-dollar loss to plant. (1993) ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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TRAINING
• NFPA 72 Up-Date Seminar, 2010 edition, 2011
(16 hrs.)
• S-430 Operations Section Chief, 2009 (36 hrs.)
• CSFM, Fire Command 2C, High-rise Operations,
2004 (40 hrs.)
• NFA, Political and Legal Foundations of Fire
Protection, 2004 (40 hrs.)
• NFA, Fire-Related Human Behavior, 2004 (40 hrs.)
• NFA, Managerial Issues of Hazardous Materials,
2003 (40 hrs.)
• NFPA 921 Up-Date Seminar, CCAI, 2003
• CCAI, NFPA 921 Up-date, 2003 (8 hrs.)
• CSTI, Hazardous Materials First Responder
Awareness/Operations, 2002 (16 hrs.)
• Fire Alarm Plan Review Seminar, 2002 (8 hrs.)
• Fire Control 4a and 4b, Flammable Liquids and
Gases, Train-the-Trainer, 2002
• S-290 Intermediate Wildland Fire Behavior, 2002
(36 hrs.)
• S-339 Division/Group Supervisor, Level 1, 2002
(36 hrs.)
• S-420 Command and General Staff, 2002 (36 hrs.)
• CSFM, Fire Command 2E, Wildland Fire Strategy
and Tactics, 2001 (40 hrs.)
• NFA, Incendiary Fire Analysis and Investigation,
2001
• S-190 Wildland Fire Behavior, 2001
• CCAI, Fire/Arson Investigation Training, 1999
(24 hrs.)
• CSFM, Rescue Systems 1, 1999 (40 hrs.)
• CSFM, Fire Investigation 2B, 1999 (40 hrs.)
• CSFM, Fire Investigation 2A, 1998 (40 hrs.)
• CCAI, Fire/Arson Investigation Training, 1998
(24 hrs.)
• Flashover Survival, Train-the-Trainer, 1998
• ICBO, Design/Plan Review I, Building Classification,
1998 (8 hrs.)
• ICBO, Design/Plan Review III, Exiting, 1998 (8 hrs.)
• ICBO, Design/Plan Review IV, Fire Protection, 1998
(8 hrs.)
• ICBO, Design/Plan Review V, Special Topics, 1998
• CSFM, Fire Command 1A, 1998 (40 hrs.)
• CSFM, Fire Command 1B, 1997 (40 hrs.)
• Proposition 115 training, March 18, 1997
• Strategy and Tactics, Chief Mittendorf, LAFD, 1997
(8 hrs.)
• CSFM, Fire Prevention 1C, 1996 (40 hrs)
• NFA, Plan Review for Inspectors, 1996 (80 hrs.)
• NFA, Principles of Fire Protection Structures and
Systems, 1996 (80 hrs.)
• POST Interview and Interrogation Techniques, 1996
(24 hrs.)
• CSFM, Fire Management 1, 1995 (40 hrs.)
• Electrical and Gas Appliance Fire Investigation,
1995 (16 hrs.)
• Fire Sprinkler Hydraulic Fire System Plan Review
Seminar, 1995 (8 hrs.)
• IAAI, Fire/Arson Investigation Training, 1995
(28 hrs.)
• NFA, Juvenile Fire Setters, 1995 (24 hrs.)
• NFA, Leadership III: Strategies for Supervisory
Success, 1995
• S-203 Incident Information Officer, 1995
• Behavior Analysis Interview and Interrogation
Techniques, 1994 (40 hrs.)
• CCAI, Fire/Arson Investigation Training, 1994
• CSFM, Fire Control 3, Structural Fire Fighting, 1994
(16 hrs)
• CSFM, Fire Prevention 1A, 1994 (40 hrs.)
• CSFM, Fire Prevention 1B, 1994 (40 hrs.)
• IFCI, 1994 Fire Code Update, 1994 (8 hrs.)
• IFCI, Applications of the UBC for Fire Code
Enforcement Personnel, 1994 (8 hrs.)
• IFCI, Inspection of Fire Sprinkler Systems, 1994
(8 hrs.)
• IFCI, Overview of the Uniform Fire Code, 1994
(8 hrs.)
• CSFM, Fire Investigation 1A, 1993 (40 hrs.)
• CSFM, Fire Investigation 1B, 1993 (40 hrs.)
• CSFM, Fire Instructor 1A, 1988 (40 hrs.)
• CSFM, Fire Instructor 1B, 1988 (40 hrs.)
• Ventilation Seminar, Chief Ramirez, LAFD, 1987
(16 hrs.)
• POST PC 832 (64 hrs.)
ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 17

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TRAINING CONTINUED
Leadership / Management
• Complex Incident Management Course, 2012
• Organizational Leadership, Cogswell, 2008
• Community Risk Reduction, NFA, 2007
• Political and Legal Foundations of Fire Protection,
NFA, 2004
• Managerial Issues of Hazardous Materials, NFA,
2003
• S-420, Command and General Staff, 2002
• Personnel Management for the Fire Service, NFA,
1999
• Advanced Fire Administration, NFA, 1998
• Fire Prevention Organization and Management,
NFA, 1996
• Fire Management 1, 1995
• Leadership III: Strategies for Supervisory Success,
NFA, 1995
Fire Operations / Command
• ICS-400 Advanced ICS, 2013
• Complex Incident Management Course, 2012
• S-430 Operations Section Chief, 2009
• ICS-300 Intermediate ICS, 2005
• S-330 Strike Team Leader, 2005
• S-390 Introduction to Wildland Fire Behavior
Calculations, 2005
• NFA, Fire-Related Human Behavior, 2004
• CSFM, Fire Command 2C, Highrise Operations,
2004
• CSFM, Fire Command 2a, Command and Control of
Major Operations, 2003
• Fire Control 4a and 4b, Flammable Liquids and
Gases, Train-the-Trainer, 2002
• Hazardous Materials First Responder
Awareness/Operations, 2002
• S-290 Intermediate Wildland Fire Behavior, 2002
• S-339 Division/Group Supervisor, 2002
• S-404 Incident Safety Officer, 2002
• S-190 Wildland Fire Behavior, 2001
• CSFM, Fire Command 2E, Wildland Fire Strategy
and Tactics, 2001
• CSFM, Rescue Systems 1, 1999
• S-234 Firing Operations, 1999
• CSFM, Fire Command 1A, 1998
• Flashover Survival, Train-the-Trainer, 1998
• CSFM, Fire Command 1B, 1997
• CSTI Strategy and Tactics, Chief Mittendorf, LAFD,
1997
• NFA, Principles of Fire Protection Structures and
Systems, 1996
• S-203 Incident Information Officer, 1995
• CSFM, Fire Control 3, Structural Fire Fighting, 1994
• CSFM, Fire Instructor 1A, 1988
• CSFM, Fire Instructor 1B, 1988
• Ventilation Seminar, Chief Ramirez, LAFD, 1987
Fire Investigation / Prevention
• Water Based Fire Suppression Systems, Cal Poly,
2012
• NFA, Incendiary Fire Analysis and Investigation,
2001
• CCAI, Fire/Arson Investigation Training, 1999
• CSFM, Fire Investigation 2B, 1999
• CSFM, Fire Investigation 2A, 1998
• CCAI, Fire/Arson Investigation Training, 1998
• POST PC 832
• Proposition 115 training, March 18, 1997
• CSFM, Fire Prevention 1C, 1996
• NFA, Plan Review for Inspectors, 1996
• POST Interview & Interrogation Techniques, 1996
• Electrical & Gas Appliance Fire Investigation, 1995
• IAAI, Fire/Arson Investigation Training, 1995
• Juvenile Fire Setters, NFA, 1995
• Behavior Analysis Interview and Interrogation
Techniques, 1994
• CCAI, Fire/Arson Investigation Training, 1994
• CSFM, Fire Prevention 1A, 1994
• CSFM, Fire Prevention 1B, 1994
• CSFM, Fire Investigation 1A, 1993
• CSFM, Fire Investigation 1B, 1993
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GUIDE TO TITLE 24
Based on the 2022 edition of the California Building
Standards Code, Title 24, California Code of Regulations July 2022
5 th Edition
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Acknowledgements
Governor Gavin Newsom
Secretary of the Government Operations Agency, Amy Tong Director of the Department of General Services, Ana Lasso Members of the California Building Standards Commission Chair, Secretary Amy Tong
Vice Chair, Rajesh Patel
Commissioners:

Kent Sasaki Erick Mikiten
Elley Klausbruckner Rajesh Patel
Peter Santillan Juvilyn Alegre
Aaron Stockwell Laura Rambin
Frank Ramirez James Haskin
Executive Director, Mia Marvelli
Deputy Executive Director, Kevin Day
The California Building Standards Commission is a commission within the Department of General Services
Visit our website at dgs.ca.gov/BSC
Please submit comments and suggestions for improvements or additions to this publication to [email protected]
or mail to
California Building Standards Commission
Mia Marvelli, Executive Director
2525 Natomas Park Drive, Suite 130
Sacramento, CA 95833
Some of CBSC’s publications available on the website’s Resources page:

Guide to Title 24
It’s Your Building Department
Guide for Local Amendments of
Building Standards
Public Guide to the Building
Standards Adoption Process
Frequently Asked Questions
Glossary of Terms
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
About the Guide to Title 24 ...................................................................... 1 Introduction to Title 24 ............................................................................. 2 The Commission.......................................................................................................... 3 How Title 24 Is Organized............................................................................................ 4 Code Names Can Be Confusing.................................................................................. 5 Model-based Title 24 Codes ........................................................................................ 6 Why Model Codes Are Amended by the State............................................................. 7 Model Codes Alone Are Not Enough ........................................................................... 7 How Amendments Are Shown ..................................................................................... 7 Amendments Versus California Standards .................................................................. 8 Matrix Adoption Tables ................................................................................................ 8 Other CCR Regulations ............................................................................................... 9 The State Agencies...................................................................................................... 9 City and County Adoption of Title 24.......................................................................... 11 How to Use Title 24.................................................................................11 Title 24 Format........................................................................................................... 11 State Agency Acronyms............................................................................................. 13 Matrix Adoption Tables .............................................................................................. 20 Procedural Steps for Using Title 24 ........................................................................... 23 Buying and Maintaining Title 24................................................................................. 24 Supplements.............................................................................................................. 25 Errata ......................................................................................................................... 25 How to Obtain Supplements and Errata..................................................................... 26 History and Effective Date.......................................................................................... 26 Maintaining Title 24.................................................................................................... 27 ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

Adoptions for Specific Buildings...........................................................27 Abbreviations used in this section.............................................................................. 28 Group R Occupancies................................................................................................ 29 Group A, B, M and Similar Occupancies.................................................................... 31 Hospitals and Medical Care Facilities ........................................................................ 32 Public School Buildings.............................................................................................. 34 State Buildings........................................................................................................... 36 Permanent Buildings in Mobilehome and Special Occupancy Parks......................... 37 Requirements Based On Use or Type of Building or Facility ..................................... 39 Examples of Code Application by Type of Building, Occupancy, or Feature ............. 42 State and Local Code Adoption.............................................................46 The State Rulemaking Process for Building Standards ............................................. 46 Local Code Adoption (Ordinances)............................................................................ 49 Enforcement............................................................................................51 Criminal Penalties ...................................................................................................... 52 Civil Penalties and Injunctions ................................................................................... 54 Appendix A - Self-evaluation Quiz.........................................................55 Appendix B - Self-evaluation Quiz Answers.........................................57 ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

1 About the Guide to Title 24
This guide is developed by the California Building Standards Commission (CBSC) to provide information on the application, use and organization of the California Building Standards Code, Title 24, California Code of Regulations (Title 24), which governs the design and construction of all building occupancies and associated facilities and equipment throughout California.

This guidebook will also explain how Title 24 is based on model codes, why and how state amendments are made to model code language, and how to identify and apply adopted provisions to specific building types, occupancies, facilities and equipment.

There are examples to illustrate the proper application of code text, and information regarding enforcement of Title 24 that may be of interest to local government.

The code samples used herein are taken from the 2022 California Building Code (Part 2 of Title 24, Volume 1), and we recommend having that code available while reading this guide. Visiting the websites where California state laws (statutes) and the California Code of Regulations are posted will also enhance use of this guide. The website for state laws is California Legislative Information at leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/home.xhtml. The website for the California Code of Regulations may be accessed through the California Office of Administrative Law at oal.ca.gov.

This guide will reference the following codes that are available for viewing at no cost on CBSC’s website at dgs.ca.gov/BSC/Codes:
• All parts of the 2022 edition of Title 24
• Specifically, Chapter 1, Division 1, of the California Building Code, Part 2 of Title 24
The information provided in this guide should help reduce common errors in the application of building codes in California, such as:
• Using model codes instead of Title 24
• Applying model code provisions that are not adopted for use in California • Universally applying Title 24 provisions that are intended for only specific building occupancies or building features
• Not applying state amendments in Title 24 that are developed to implement state laws
• Using Title 24 provisions that have been superseded by provisions published at a later date, such as supplements to the current edition of Title 24 or later editions of Title 24
It is highly recommended that readers review CBSC’s Glossary of Terms provided on the Resources tab of our website prior to reading this guide. New code users should ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

2 also peruse CBSC’s other publications and videos about Title 24. These are available on CBSC’s website on the Resources tab or the Education and Outreach featured link page. Two items that may be of particular interest are:

Code Book Fundamentals is a publication that covers important fundamentals about laws, regulations and codes.

About Title 24 is a short video that provides an overview of the parts of Title 24 and the state agencies that have authority to develop the California regulations contained in Title 24.

Finally, those interested in testing their knowledge about the application and use of Title 24 may access an online quiz after reading this guide. The link and other information about the quiz can be found in Appendix A.

Introduction to Title 24
The California Building Standards Code, known as Title 24, is the 24th title within the California Code of Regulations (CCR). The CCR is divided into 28 separate titles, and each title contains regulations pertaining to specific subjects such as education (Title 5), food and agriculture (Title 3), housing (Title 25), or public safety (Title 19). State regulations in the CCR are developed by state agencies as necessary to implement, interpret and make specific state laws enacted through the legislative process. A state agency must have authority in state law to adopt or propose regulations.

Title 24 is reserved for state regulations that govern the design and construction of buildings, associated facilities and equipment. These regulations are defined as building standards in California Health and Safety Code (HSC) Section 18909 and apply to all building occupancies throughout the state of California (HSC Sections 18908 and 18938). Title 24 is also known as the California Building Standards Code (HSC Section 18902) and its publication is facilitated by CBSC (HSC Section 18942).

Some common misunderstandings are that Title 24 relates only to energy conservation, or only accessibility, or that it applies only to state-owned buildings and properties. In fact, Title 24 applies to all building occupancies, and related features and equipment, throughout the state. It contains requirements for structural, mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems, as well as requirements for energy conservation, sustainable design, construction and maintenance, fire and life safety, and accessibility.

Cities and counties are required by state law to enforce Title 24 (more about this in the Enforcement section below). Cities, counties, a city and county, and fire protection districts—known as local jurisdictions—may adopt ordinances to implement more restrictive requirements than those provided in Title 24. When a local jurisdiction adopts ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

3 an ordinance, the building standards must be necessary because of local climatic, geological or topographical conditions, and in the case of CALGreen (California Green Building Standards Code, Part 11 of Title 24), environmental conditions. The State and Local Code Adoption section below will provide details about how local amendments may be lawfully established. Additionally, two resources available on CBSC’s website explain these requirements: the Guide for Local Amendments of Building Standards is a free, downloadable educational publication, and a Local Code Adoption presentation video is available for viewing, too.

The Commission
The authority and activities of CBSC are detailed in HSC, Division 13, Part 2.5, commencing with Section 18901. This portion of the HSC is known as the California Building Standards Law.

CBSC is responsible for overseeing the adoption, approval and publication of the provisions in Title 24. The commission consists of ten members appointed by the governor and confirmed by the state senate. The chairperson is the secretary of the Government Operations Agency (or their representative) and is also appointed by the governor and confirmed by the state senate. The HSC requires that members of CBSC be representative of the general public and industries regulated by Title 24. Excluding the chairperson, the appointed membership of CBSC must include:

One Architect
One Mechanical, Electrical or Fire Protection Engineer
One Structural Engineer
One Licensed Contractor
One Representative from Organized Labor in the building trades One Local Building Official
One Local Fire Official
Three Representatives of the General Public, of which at least one shall be a person with physical disabilities
Additional requirements are:

At least one member shall be experienced and knowledgeable in barrier free architecture and sensitive to the requirements necessary to ensure public buildings are accessible to, and usable by, persons with physical disabilities.

At least one member of the commission shall be experienced and knowledgeable in energy efficiency building standards.

At least one member of the commission shall be experienced and knowledgeable in sustainable building design, construction and operation.

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4 The term length for each member is four years and the term appointment dates are staggered. The chairperson serves at the pleasure of the governor.

CBSC is supported by a staff of 15 state employees who are guided by an executive director appointed by CBSC’s commissioners. CBSC oversees a Coordinating Council of state agency representatives, and Code Advisory Committees consisting of volunteers from the regulated community. CBSC also has authority in state law to develop and adopt building standards applicable to various elements of specified state buildings, as well as nonresidential green building standards for which no other state agency has authority.

How Title 24 Is Organized
The provisions of Title 24 include requirements for the structural, plumbing, electrical and mechanical systems of buildings, and for fire and life safety, energy conservation, green design, and accessibility in and about buildings. To make Title 24 user friendly, it is divided into separate parts that are named to reflect the building standards within.

Some parts are based on model codes and other parts are developed by, and specific to, the state of California. The current edition of Title 24 includes:

Part 1 – California Administrative Code
Part 2 – California Building Code, Volumes 1 and 2, based on the 2021 International Building Code
Part 2.5 – California Residential Code, based on the 2021 International Residential Code
Part 3 – California Electrical Code, based on the 2020 National Electrical Code Part 4 – California Mechanical Code, based on the 2021 Uniform Mechanical Code
Part 5 – California Plumbing Code, based on the 2021 Uniform Plumbing Code Part 6 – California Energy Code
Part 7 – Currently vacant
Part 8 – California Historical Building Code
Part 9 – California Fire Code, based on the 2021 International Fire Code Part 10 – California Existing Building Code, based on the 2021 International Existing Building Code
Part 11 – California Green Building Standards Code, also known as CALGreen Part 12 – California Referenced Standards Code
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5 The 2022 edition of Title 24
Each loose-leaf binder contains one part with the following exceptions: Part 2 (California Building Code) has two binders for Volume 1 and Volume 2; Part 8 (California Historical Building Code), Part 10 (California Existing Building Code) and Part 12 (California Referenced Standards Code) are combined in one binder featuring Part 10 on the cover; Part 7 is vacant and has no binder, nor is it located in any other part of Title 24.

Code Names Can Be Confusing
In this guide, there are three code names that may create confusion if not understood correctly:

California Building Standards Law: The body of state law within HSC, Division 13, Part 2.5, commencing with Section 18901. The provisions of Part 2.5 govern the work of CBSC and specify that the codes adopted by CBSC have statewide application. These provisions are state laws enacted through the legislative process involving the state legislature and governor.

California Building Standards Code: This name refers to all parts of Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations (HSC Section 18902). Title 24 contains building standards that are state regulations developed or adopted by various state agencies in the executive branch of state government. State laws require various state agencies to develop building standards for specific types of buildings, building equipment and features, and building occupancies.

California Building Code: This name refers only to Part 2, Volumes 1 and 2 of the California Building Standards Code, Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations. It should not be confused with the California Building Standards Code, which is the name given to the entire body of building standards in Title 24.

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6 Model-based Title 24 Codes
As previously stated in How Title 24 is Organized, several parts of Title 24 are based on model codes. The term “model code” means a code that has been developed by a nongovernmental code development organization and that is available through a license agreement with the publishing entity for adoption by a political jurisdiction, such as the state of California. Within California Building Standards Law, HSC Section 18916 reads as follows:
“Model code” means any building code drafted by private organizations or otherwise, and shall include, but not be limited to, the latest edition of the following:
(a) The International Building Code of the International Code Council. (b) The Uniform Plumbing Code of the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials.
(c) The Uniform Mechanical Code of the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials.
(d) The National Electrical Code of the National Fire Protection Association. (e) The International Fire Code of the International Code Council. (f) The International Existing Building Code of the International Code Council. (g) The International Residential Code of the International Code Council.

When a new model code edition becomes available, CBSC and the specified state agencies must review it to determine if adoption is appropriate. Not all available model codes are found to be acceptable for use in California. Those currently adopted are shown in How Title 24 Is Organized.

In some cases, specific chapters of the model codes are deliberately excluded from adoption by the state of California, such as Chapter 29 in Part 2. Some of these chapters may still be available for adoption by local ordinances.

In other cases, not all chapters of the model-based codes are based on the same model or based on a model at all. The California Building Code (Part 2 of Title 24) is based predominantly on the International Building Code. However, Chapters 7A, 11A and 11B are examples of California amendments in their entirety. Chapter 7A is developed by the Office of the State Fire Marshal (SFM) to implement state law regarding exterior wildfire exposure. Chapter 11A is developed by the Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) for accessibility for persons with disabilities in multifamily dwellings, and Chapter 11B is developed by the Division of the State Architect (DSA) to implement state law regarding accessibility in public buildings, public accommodations, commercial buildings and public housing. The “model code” used by DSA for the provisions in Chapter 11B is the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design as adopted by the U.S. Department of Justice. DSA additionally revises the model code language with California amendments.

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7 Why Model Codes Are Amended by the State
The parts of Title 24 that are based on a model code begin with model code language to which California amendments are made. CBSC and other state agencies determine what California amendments are necessary to:
• Eliminate conflict with state laws
• Include requirements of state laws
• Eliminate conflicts with other adopted model codes
Proposed California amendments to the model codes are made available for public review during the triennial and intervening code adoption cycles. Public comment periods and public meeting announcements are emailed to registered interested parties and made available on CBSC’s website.

Model Codes Alone Are Not Enough
As previously mentioned, model codes—such as the International Building Code or Uniform Plumbing Code—are published by national non-governmental code developers and do not include California’s amendments. Further, not all model code provisions are adopted in California because of conflicts with state laws or the lack of specificity required by state law. Code users must reference the current edition of Title 24 to apply appropriate California amendments and model code provisions that are adopted by the state.

For example, the energy conservation, mechanical, fuel gas, plumbing and electrical provisions of the International Residential Code (IRC), used as the basis for the California Residential Code (Part 2.5 of Title 24), are not printed in Part 2.5 and are not adopted for use in California. Other provisions of the IRC are adopted for applications in one- and two-family dwellings in California (see Chapter 1, Division 1 of the California Residential Code for application details). To properly apply the above-mentioned provisions not printed in the California Residential Code, the code user must refer to other parts of Title 24 such as the California Mechanical Code, California Plumbing Code, California Electrical Code and California Energy Code.

How Amendments Are Shown
California amendments to model code language are illustrated within Title 24 by the use of italics. At the beginning of each part of Title 24 based on a model code there is an explanation of how to distinguish between model code language and California amendments. See page v in the 2022 California Building Code and the examples shown in How to Use Title 24 later in this guide.

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8 Amendments Versus California Standards
In Title 24, Parts 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 9 and 10 are based on model codes. California amendments to the model codes are identified by italics within the code text. Parts 1, 6, 8, 11 and 12 are not based on model codes. The contents of these parts are developed by state agencies and are California standards. Therefore, in Parts 1, 6, 8, 11 and 12, standard non-italic text is used throughout.

Matrix Adoption Tables
The Matrix Adoption Tables (MAT) within Title 24 identify adopted model code text, and California amendments and standards. MATs are provided in Parts 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10 and 11 at the beginning of each chapter, article or division to identify the model code and California amendments or building standard adoptions by each state agency. MATs are non-regulatory and are provided as a courtesy to the code user to help ensure proper application of the regulations.

Occasionally, the MAT at the beginning of a model code chapter is left blank without any “X’s” identifying an adoption by any state agency, or there is no MAT at all. If there is no note stating, “Not adopted by the State of California,” these chapters are still applicable in California for all non-state-regulated buildings, structures and applications and the lack of an “X” means that the scope of the chapter is not within the authority of any proposing or adopting state agency.

Many code appendices also have an empty MAT because they contain regulations that are not applicable unless adopted by a state agency or local jurisdiction. Be sure to check the statement under the appendix title or MAT, and the application or scope section—if available—to know whether it is mandatory or not, and its applicability.

Many California amendments and standards are only adopted by specific state agencies and thus only apply to specific types of buildings, occupancies, building features or equipment, so not all code provisions are applicable to all projects. Each MAT lists all the adopted and amended sections and identifies which state agencies have made the adoption(s).

There are also MATs for regulations in Title 24 that are California amendments or standards in their entirety, such as Chapters 7A, 11A and 11B in Part 2, and all chapters in CALGreen. These MATs show the adoptions applicable to various building types under the authority of different state agencies.

In the 2010 and later editions of Title 24, MATs are located at the beginning of each chapter, article or division within a chapter. In editions prior to 2010, the MATs were grouped together near the beginning of each part. The use and application of MATs is covered, with illustrations, in the How to Use Title 24 section of this guide.

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9 Other CCR Regulations
There are other titles within the CCR with subjects that relate to buildings:
• Title 8, Division 1, Chapter 4, Subchapter 6 for elevator construction requirements by the Department of Industrial Relations, Division of Occupational Safety and Health
• Title 17 with adoptions by the State Water Resources Control Board • Title 19 with adoptions by the Office of the State Fire Marshal • Title 20 with adoptions by the California Energy Commission • Title 21 with adoptions by the Division of the State Architect • Title 22 with adoptions by the State Water Resources Control Board • Title 23 with adoptions by the Department of Water Resources • Title 25 with adoptions by the Department of Housing and Community Development for dwellings and permanent buildings in mobile home and special occupancy parks. See Title 25, Division 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter 1 and Chapters 2 and 2.2.

These titles are available online at the California Office of Administrative Law website at oal.ca.gov. This website also provides helpful information about the CCR.

The State Agencies
The state agencies involved in the development and adoption of building standards for publication in Title 24 are identified as adopting or proposing agencies in the California Building Standards Law in HSC, Division 13, Part 2.5.

A state proposing agency has authority to develop and propose building standards to CBSC. CBSC conducts the public comment periods and public meetings, and adopts the proposed building standards. The state proposing agencies are:
• California Building Standards Commission (BSC when proposing regulations for Title 24)
• Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) • Division of the State Architect (DSA)
• Office of the State Fire Marshal (SFM)
• Department of Health Care Access and Information, identified as the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) in Title 24 and this Guide (see HSC Section 127002)
• Department of Consumer Affairs (DCA), and various boards and bureaus therein • California Department of Public Health (CDPH)
A state adopting agency has authority to develop building standards, conduct its own public reviews and hearings, and to then adopt its proposed building standards. Its ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

10 adoptions must be submitted to CBSC for approval and publication in Title 24. CBSC’s authority to approve adoptions by state adopting agencies is limited to verifying that the adoption process was carried out in compliance with the requirements of state law. The state adopting agencies are:
• California Energy Commission (CEC)
• State Historical Building Safety Board (SHBSB)
• Board of State and Community Corrections (BSCC)
• Department of Food and Agriculture (DFA)
• State Library (SL)
• State Lands Commission (SLC)
• Department of Water Resources (DWR)
This guide will generally disregard the technical differences between the state adopting and proposing agencies and will mostly refer only to state agencies. A complete list of state agencies and their respective code adoption authorities is provided in the section of this guide titled How to Use Title 24.

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11 City and County Adoption of Title 24
CBSC has developed a guide for local government and fire protection districts relating to adoption of Title 24 and amendments thereto, also referred to as local ordinances.

The Guide for Local Amendments of Building Standards is available on CBSC’s website. This guide provides information developed specifically for local government about the Title 24 adoption process and contains references to applicable provisions of the HSC.

CBSC’s Education and Outreach webpage hosts a link to a Local Code Amendments presentation video about local adoptions and amendments, and more information about local adoptions is provided later in this guide. If further assistance is needed, contact us at [email protected].

How to Use Title 24
It is important to have read and understood the introduction above before proceeding.

Some information will be repeated in this chapter for clarity.

To use Title 24 correctly, the reader must understand the following:
• The format of Title 24
• The use of state agency acronyms and abbreviations
• Code adoption responsibilities and authorities of each state agency • The purpose and design of Matrix Adoption Tables (MATs) These topics—and more—will be covered in this section.

Title 24 Format
Parts 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 9 and 10 of Title 24 are based on the model codes detailed previously. These parts contain adopted model code language and California amendments authored by several state agencies such as the Building Standards Commission (BSC), the Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD), the Division of the State Architect (DSA), the State Fire Marshal (SFM), the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD, now known as the Department of Health Care Access and Information—HCAI) and others.

In the parts of Title 24 that are based on a model code, the model code language is shown in upright text and California amendments are shown in italic text. Below is a portion of Section 1404 from the 2022 California Building Code with multiple California amendments by HCD, DSA and OSHPD. The acronyms identifying state agencies within the code text will be explained later in the guide.

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12 SECTION 1404

INSTALLATION OF WALL COVERINGS
1404.1 General. Exterior wall coverings shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the applicable provisions of this section.
1404.1.1 Additional requirements. [DSA-SS & DSA-SS/CC,
OSHPD 1, 1R, 2, 4 & 5] In addition to the requirements of Sections 1404.6, 1404.7, 1404.8, 1404.9 and 1404.10, the installation of anchored or adhered veneer shall comply with applicable provisions of Section 1410.
1404.2 Weather protection. Exterior walls shall provide weather protection for the building. The materials of the minimum nominal thickness specified in Table 1404.2 shall be acceptable as approved weather coverings.
1404.3 Vapor retarders. Vapor retarder materials shall be classified in accordance with Table 1404.3(1). A vapor retarder shall be provided on the interior side of frame walls in accordance with Tables 1404.3(2) and 1404.3(3), or an approved design using accepted engineering practice for hygrothermal analysis. The appropriate climate zone shall be selected in accordance with Chapter 3 of the California Energy Code. Where a Class II vapor retarder is used in combination with foam plastic insulating sheathing installed as continuous insulation on the exterior side of frame walls, the continuous insulation shall comply with Table 1404.3(4) and the Class II vapor retarder shall have a vapor permeance greater than 1 perm when measured by ASTM E96 water method (Procedure B). Use of a Class I interior vapor retarder in frame walls with a Class I vapor retarder on the exterior side shall require an approved design.
[HCD 1 & HCD 2] Class I or II vapor retarders shall be provided on the interior side of frame walls of low-rise residential buildings in California Climate Zones 14 and 16, as required in the California Energy Code (see definition of “Low-rise residential building”).

Exceptions:

1. Basement walls.

2. Below-grade portion of any wall.

3. Construction where accumulation, condensation or
freezing of moisture will not damage the materials.

4. Class I and II vapor retarders with vapor permeance
greater than 1 perm when measured by ASTM E96
water method (Procedure B) shall be allowed on the
interior side of any frame wall in all climate zones.

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13 Users of this section of the code will note:
• Subsections 1404.1 and 1404.2 are examples of model code text in upright type style.
• Subsection 1404.1.1 is a California amendment by DSA and OSHPD as identified by the italic type style. This regulation can be found only in the California Building Code and not in the model code.
• Subsection 1404.3 contains a California amendment authored by HCD as shown by the use of italics and the acronyms HCD-1 and HCD-2.

Exceptions and clarifications:
• There are a few exceptions to the use of italic text. Some model codes also use italics for special notes, identifiers and formulas. The way to be certain that italicized code text is actually a California amendment will be explained in the section about Matrix Adoption Tables.
• Parts 1, 6, 8, 11 and 12 are California standards developed entirely by state agencies. These parts are not based on model codes. The text of these parts is an upright type style and not italics because model code language is not being amended.

State Agency Acronyms
Below, references will be made to the 2022 California Building Code (CBC), Title 24, Part 2, Volumes 1 and 2, which is based on the 2021 International Building Code.

However, the principles and processes explained here apply to all parts of Title 24 based on a model code. Compared to other parts of Title 24, the CBC contains a large quantity of adoptions and state agency amendments. This occurs due to the various authorities and responsibilities granted to the state agencies by state laws that are within the scope of the building code. Therefore, a building design may be subject to the adoptions and amendments in the CBC that are promulgated by several state agencies.

As an example, the design and construction of a hotel will be subject to CBC provisions adopted by HCD for structural design and construction, DSA for accessibility, and SFM for fire and panic safety. Therefore, anyone applying the CBC to hotel construction must be able to identify relevant adoptions and amendments made by HCD, DSA and SFM.

State agency acronyms are used in two locations in the CBC. First, acronyms are used for the headers in Matrix Adoption Tables. Additionally, they are used throughout the text of Title 24 as a means of identifying California amendments that apply to buildings or features of buildings subject to that state agency’s regulatory authority. Some agencies use more than one acronym to distinguish adoptions for different applications.

HCD uses three acronyms: HCD 1, HCD 2 and HCD 1-AC; DSA uses three acronyms:

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14 DSA-SS, DSA-SS/CC and DSA-AC; and OSHPD uses several acronyms: OSHPD 1, 1R, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Each of these acronyms has a different meaning and purpose in the code. A list of state agency acronyms is provided on page “v” of the 2022 CBC and later in this section.

In Chapter 1 of the 2022 CBC, Sections 1.2 through 1.14 provide the following information about each of the state agencies:
• The application of each state agency’s adoptions.
• The enforcement agency as designated in state law, which may be a state agency, or the local building or fire official.
• The state agency’s authority in state law to adopt building standards, and the specific state law that is being implemented by the adoption. • The state agency acronyms (HCD 1, SFM, DSA-AC, etc.)
Exception: Section 1.12 and 1.14 do not identify the state agencies’ acronyms, which are SL for State Library and SLC for the State Lands Commission.

There are sections in the other parts of Title 24 similar to CBC Sections 1.2 through

1.14 that illustrate each state agency’s scope of application within the part.

Below is a snapshot of Section 1.8.2, including Subsections 1.8.2.1 and 1.8.2.1.1, taken from Chapter 1 in the 2022 CBC. This section is developed by HCD to explain the application of its adoptions in the CBC.

SECTION 1.8.2

AUTHORITY AND ABBREVIATIONS

1.8.2.1 General. The Department of Housing and Community Development is authorized by law to promulgate and adopt building standards and regulations for several types of building applications.

The applications under the authority of the Department of Housing and Community Development are listed in Sections 1.8.2.1.1 through 1.8.2.1.3.

Note: See the California Residential Code for detached one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses.

1.8.2.1.1 Housing construction.

Application—Hotels, motels, lodging houses, apartments, dwellings, dormitories, condominiums, shelters for homeless persons, congregate residences, employee housing, factorybuilt housing and other types of dwellings containing sleeping accommodations with or without common toilet or cooking facilities including accessory buildings, facilities and uses thereto. Sections of this code which pertain to applications listed in this section are identified using the abbreviation “HCD 1.”
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15 Enforcing agency—Local building department or the
Department of Housing and Community Development.

Authority cited—Health and Safety Code Sections 17040,
17920.9, 17921, 17921.5, 17921.6, 17921.10, 17922,
17922.6, 17922.12, 17922.14, 17922.15, 17926, 17927,
17928, 17958.12, 18938.3, 18944.11 and 19990; and
Government Code Section 12955.1.

Reference— Business and Professions Code Division 5;
Health and Safety Code Sections 17000 through 17062.5,
17910 through 17995.5, 18200 through 18700, 18860 through 18874, 18938.6, 18941, 19890, 19891, 19892 and 19960
through 19997; Civil Code Sections 832, 1101.4, 1101.5, 1954.201, 1954.202 and 5551; and Government Code
Sections 8698.4, 12955.1 and 12955.1.1. California Code of Regulations, Title 20, Sections 1605.1, 1605.3 and 1607.

Users of this code should note:
• Section 1.8.2.1 provides a general explanation of the authority granted to HCD in statute to develop and adopt building standards for specific housing occupancies. • Subsection 1.8.2.1.1 explains that the adoptions in the code identified by the acronym HCD 1 apply to the types of housing structures listed. Accordingly, wherever HCD 1 is found in the CBC, it means the provision is adopted by HCD and is applicable to hotels, motels, lodging houses, apartments and dwellings as listed in CBC Section 1.8.2.1.1.
• The “Enforcing agency” responsible for enforcing the HCD 1 adoptions is identified as being the local building department, or HCD. In the absence of local enforcement, or where the enforcement authority is removed pursuant to HSC Section 17952, HCD assumes this responsibility.
• The sections of state law requiring HCD to adopt building standards are identified under “Authority cited.” The sections of law being implemented by the HCD adoptions are identified under “Reference.”
The following table provides the acronyms for each state agency and, except as noted, references to sections of Chapter 1, Division 1 of the 2022 CBC. There are similar provisions within Parts 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10 and 11 of Title 24 as appropriate for each part.

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16 Agency Acronym and Name General Application
BSC, Building Standards Commission State buildings including buildings constructed by the Trustees of the California State University and
the Regents of the University of California where
no state agency has the authority to adopt
building standards applicable to such buildings.

CBC Section 1.2.

BSC-CG, Building Standards Commission,
CALGreen
Green building standards for non-residential
buildings. CBC Section 1.2.2 and Part 11, Section
103.

SFM, Office of the State Fire Marshal Hotels, apartments, dwellings, assembly high-rise buildings and more buildings, structures and
applications specified in CBC Section 1.11.

HCD 1, Department of Housing and Community
Development
Hotels, apartments, dwellings and more specified
in CBC Section 1.8.2.1.1. See Section 104 of
Part 11, Title 24 for green standards for
residential occupancies.

HCD 2, Department of Housing and Community
Development
Permanent buildings within mobilehome parks
and special occupancy parks.

CBC Section 1.8.2.1.3.

HCD 1-AC, Department of Housing and
Community Development - Access Compliance
Accessibility for covered multifamily dwellings.

CBC Section 1.8.2.1.2.

DSA-SS, Division of the State Architect -
Structural Safety
Public schools, community colleges and stateowned or state-leased essential services buildings. CBC Section 1.9.2.

DSA-AC, Division of the State Architect - Access
Compliance
Accessibility in public accommodations and public
housing. CBC Section 1.9.1 through 1.9.1.8.

DSA-SS/CC, Division of the State Architect -
Structural Safety/Community Colleges
Alternate building standards for Community
College buildings. CBC Section 1.9.2.2.

OSHPD 1, Office of Statewide Health Planning
and Development
Acute care hospital buildings.

CBC Section 1.10.1.

OSHPD 1R, Office of Statewide Health Planning
and Development
Non-conforming hospital buildings removed from
acute care service. CBC Section1.10.1.

OSHPD 2, including OSHPD 2A and 2B, Office of
Statewide Health Planning and Development
Skilled nursing facilities and intermediate care
facility buildings. CBC Section 1.10.2.

OSHPD 3, Office of Statewide Health Planning
and Development
Licensed clinics and hospital outpatient clinics.

CBC Section 1.10.3.

OSHPD 4, Office of Statewide Health Planning
and Development
Correctional treatment centers.

CBC Section 1.10.4.

OSHPD 5, Office of Statewide Health Planning
and Development
Acute psychiatric hospital buildings.

CBC Section 1.10.5.

BSCC, Board of State & Community Corrections Local detention facilities. CBC Section 1.3.

DPH, Department of Public Health Organized camps, animal laboratories, public swimming pools and more. CBC Section 1.7.

AGR, Department of Food and Agriculture Dairies and places of meat and poultry inspection.

CBC Section 1.6.

CEC, California Energy Commission Energy standards for almost all buildings. Title 24, Part 6, the California Energy Code.

CA, Department of Consumer Affairs:

Acupuncture Board
Board of Barbering and Cosmetology
Board of Pharmacy
Structural Pest Control Board
Veterinary Medical Board
Acupuncture offices, barber and cosmetology
shops, pharmacies, structural pest control
locations and veterinary facilities.

CBC Section 1.4.

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17 Agency Acronym and Name General Application
SL, State Library Public library construction and renovation.

CBC Section 1.12.

SLC, State Lands Commission Marine oil terminals. CBC Sections 1.14 and 3101F.

DWR, Department of Water Resources Recycled water systems for water closets and other allowed uses. Title 24, Part 5, the California
Plumbing Code, Section 1.13.

The regulations in Title 24 that are to be enforced by local enforcement agencies (generally the building department and/or fire official) include many adoptions by state agencies identified in Sections 1.2 through 1.14 of the CBC. Some state agencies with adoptions to be enforced by local government are:
• BSC-CG for green building standards in the California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen, Part 11 of Title 24) for nonresidential buildings. • HCD 1 for residential occupancies.
• HCD 2 for permanent buildings in mobilehome parks and special occupancy parks where a local enforcement agency has assumed enforcement of the Mobilehome Parks Act in HSC, Division 13, Part 2.1, and Special Occupancy Parks Act in HSC, Division 13, Part 2.3, and implementing regulations in California Code of Regulations Title 25.
• HCD 1-AC for accessibility in privately funded multifamily dwellings as defined in the CBC.
• DSA-AC for accessibility in public buildings funded by local public funds other than state funds, public accommodations, commercial facilities and publicly funded housing.
• OSHPD 3 for licensed clinics.
• SFM for hotels, motels, lodging houses, apartments and dwellings, assembly buildings and others.

Additional enforcement information is provided in the Enforcement section of this guide.

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18 Below is Section 1404 from the 2022 CBC, showing examples of how the state agency acronyms are used in code text.

SECTION 1404

INSTALLATION OF WALL COVERINGS
1404.1 General. Exterior wall coverings shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the applicable provisions of this section.
1404.1.1 Additional requirements. [DSA-SS & DSA-SS/CC,
OSHPD 1, 1R, 2, 4 & 5] In addition to the requirements of Sections 1404.6, 1404.7, 1404.8, 1404.9 and 1404.10, the installation of anchored or adhered veneer shall comply with applicable provisions of Section 1410.
1404.2 Weather protection. Exterior walls shall provide weather protection for the building. The materials of the minimum nominal thickness specified in Table 1404.2 shall be acceptable as approved weather coverings.
1404.3 Vapor retarders. Vapor retarder materials shall be classified in accordance with Table 1404.3(1). A vapor retarder shall be provided on the interior side of frame walls in accordance with Tables 1404.3(2) and 1404.3(3), or an approved design using accepted engineering practice for hygrothermal analysis. The appropriate climate zone shall be selected in accordance with Chapter 3 of the California Energy Code. Where a Class II vapor retarder is used in combination with foam plastic insulating sheathing installed as continuous insulation on the exterior side of frame walls, the continuous insulation shall comply with Table 1404.3(4) and the Class II vapor retarder shall have a vapor permeance greater than 1 perm when measured by ASTM E96 water method (Procedure B). Use of a Class I interior vapor retarder in frame walls with a Class I vapor retarder on the exterior side shall require an approved design.
[HCD 1 & HCD 2] Class I or II vapor retarders shall be provided on the interior side of frame walls of low-rise residential buildings in California Climate Zones 14 and 16, as required in the California Energy Code (see definition of “Low-rise residential building”).

Exceptions:

1. Basement walls.

2. Below-grade portion of any wall.

3. Construction where accumulation, condensation or
freezing of moisture will not damage the materials.

4. Class I and II vapor retarders with vapor permeance
greater than 1 perm when measured by ASTM E96 water
method (Procedure B) shall be allowed on the interior side of any frame wall in all climate zones.

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19 Users of this code will see:
• Subsection 1404.1.1 is a California amendment that is adopted by DSA-SS, DSA-SS/CC and OSHPD 1, 1R, 2, 4 and 5, identified by the use of italics. • The provision in Subsection 1404.3 shown in italics is a California amendment adopted by HCD 1 and HCD 2 only. CBC Section 1.8 details the types of buildings subject to HCD 1 and HCD 2 adoptions.
• To determine the application of these California amendments, the reader must refer to Chapter 1, Sections 1.2 through 1.14.

In summary, when a state agency acronym appears within the text of Title 24, it identifies the state agency that has adopted that California amendment. The reader must then determine if the adoption is applicable to the project’s building occupancy or building features. That is done by understanding the authority and responsibility of each state agency.

When a section has a California amendment by only one state agency, typically the agency’s acronym is not provided. Below is an example from the CBC. 1005.7.1 Doors. Doors, when fully opened, shall not reduce the required width by more than 7 inches (178 mm). Doors in any position shall not reduce the required width by more than one-half.

Exceptions:

1. In other than Group I-2 occupancies, surface mounted latch release hardware shall be exempt from inclusion
in the 7-inch maximum (178 mm) encroachment
where both of the following conditions exist:

1.1. The hardware is mounted to the side of the
door facing away from the adjacent wall where
the door is in the open position.

1.2. The hardware is mounted not less than 34
inches (865 mm) nor more than 48 inches
(1219 mm) above the finished floor.

2. The restrictions on door swing shall not apply to doors within individual dwelling units and sleeping units of
Group R-2 occupancies and dwelling units of
Group R-3 occupancies.

Section 1005.7.1 is a model code section that includes a California amendment as evidenced by the italic type style. However, there is no acronym identifying the state agency adopting the amendment. The reader must refer to the Matrix Adoption Table at the beginning of the chapter to find that the section is adopted by SFM only.

CBC Section 1.10 explains the application of adoptions by SFM.

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20 Matrix Adoption Tables
Matrix Adoption Tables (MATs) play an important role in the proper use of Parts 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10 and 11 of Title 24. Adoptions of model code language and California amendments by the state agencies are identified in MATs located at the beginning of each chapter, article or division of the code. When there is no MAT for a printed model code chapter, the chapter has not been adopted by the state of California.

Occasionally the code publishers provide a blank MAT at the beginning of a model code chapter. If a MAT is provided in the code, but shows no "Xs" for adoptions, then the chapter is not adopted nor applicable to buildings or building features subject to adoptions by state agencies.

For building occupancies or building features not subject to a state agency authority, the published model code provisions apply. For example, no state agency has authority to regulate the structural system of a Group B, M, or S occupancy (unless part of a stateregulated building occupancy such as a school or hospital), thus the published model code provisions apply without any California amendments.

CALGreen is not based on a model code. MATs are provided to illustrate adoptions by various state agencies for their scope of application.

There are also MATs for chapters that are California amendments in their entirety such as Chapters 7A, 11A and 11B in the CBC.

There are no MATs in Parts 1, 6, 8 or 12 of Title 24. These parts are not based on a model code. The state agencies that author these parts provide information to clarify the scope and application of the regulations and how they apply to specific building types, features or equipment.

Below is a portion of the Matrix Adoption Table for Chapter 3 of the 2022 CBC.

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21 When reading a MAT, look for these features:
• The state adopting agencies are identified by their acronyms in the top row. • The next three rows tell how the chapter is adopted by each state agency: the chapter is adopted in whole without amendment; the chapter is adopted with amendments that are identified in the table; or only selected sections of the chapter are adopted.
• Starting with the 6th row, code section and subsection numbers are listed in the left column.
• An “X” in a column identifies an adoption or amendment by the state agency identified at the top of the column. For example, SFM adopts the entire chapter but amends the sections and subsections of Chapter 3 marked by an “X”. The application of SFM adoptions is identified in Section 1.11, Chapter 1 of the 2022 CBC.

As shown above, rows two through four at the top of the MAT provide the key for how the chapter is adopted, and:
• An "X" in the "Adopt entire chapter" row indicates that the entire chapter is adopted without amendment by that state agency, and it may be enforced as applicable.
• An "X" for "Adopt entire chapter as amended (amended sections listed below)" indicates the entire chapter is adopted and those sections or subsections marked by the "X" will include California amendments adopted by that state agency. • An “X” in the row “Adopt only those sections listed below” indicates that the code user should apply only those sections marked with an “X” and not apply the unmarked sections to the buildings, structures and applications within that state agency’s authority.
• If there is no “X” in any of the top three rows of the MAT, then that state agency did not adopt any provisions of the chapter.

Apply the adopted sections only to building occupancies or building features within the authority of the state agency or agencies making the adoption. However, as mentioned above, all model code provisions printed in Title 24 apply to all occupancies and applications not regulated by a state agency and do not need an “X” in the MAT to be applicable.

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22 Further review of the MAT for CBC Chapter 3 (shown in part) indicates:
• The first “X” under BSC in the “Adopt Entire Chapter” row indicates BSC adopts the entire chapter without amendment. The common misunderstanding is that BSC acronym in the MAT indicates statewide adoption of the building standards that are not within authority of other state agencies. CBC Section 1.2 advises that BSC adoptions apply to certain state buildings only, while CBC Section 1.1.3.1 states that standards in the Title 24 Parts 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11 apply to all occupancies and applications not regulated by a state agency. • SFM adopts the entire chapter but amends numerous sections to implement requirements of state law. Amended sections are identified by an “X”. All other sections of the chapter not marked by an "X" are adopted by SFM without amendment. See CBC Section 1.11 for the application of SFM adoptions. • BSCC and DPH adopt no part of Chapter 3 because there is no "X" in any of the three rows of the table to indicate adoption of the chapter. Chapter 1 of the CBC shows that BSCC is the acronym for the Board of State and Community Corrections, and DPH is the acronym for the Department of Public Health. • HCD 1 adopts the entire chapter as amended, and amends subsection 302.1.

CBC Section 1.8.2.1.1 advises that HCD 1 adoptions apply to several types of residential occupancies.
• Subsection 302.1 is adopted for HCD 2 applications. CBC Section 1.8.2.1.3 explains that HCD 2 adoptions apply to permanent buildings in mobilehome parks and special occupancy parks.

ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

23 Additional information on how to read Matrix Adoption Tables is provided on pages vi and vii of the 2022 CBC. Similar information is provided near the front of Parts 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10 and 11.

Procedural Steps for Using Title 24
The following steps, when performed in the order shown, will ensure the proper application of Title 24 provisions. Much of this is a summary of information already provided, presented in the order it is applied.

1. Identify Authority: Identify the state agency or agencies having authority and jurisdiction for the project’s building occupancy, features or equipment. Learn each of the state agency acronyms by studying CBC Sections 1.2 through 1.14. Each part of Title 24 outlines the state agencies’ authorities and application of their adoptions in that part. The table beginning on page 16 of this guide provides a listing of state agency acronyms, and the table beginning on page 44 provides a summary of the provisions of CBC Sections 1.2 through 1.14. Use these summaries to learn how to apply the code and not as a substitute for the code.

2. Check the Matrix Adoption Tables: Verify that the correct sections of model code and/or California amendments are being applied to a project based on the agency adoptions. The MATs identify each amended section or subsection of the code, and also identify which state agency adopts those amendments and/or model code text. In some cases, only part of a model code section is adopted. Additionally, be sure to read any notes (or footnotes) provided with a MAT.

When there is no state agency acronym banner within the text of a California amendment, it generally means that only one state agency has adopted that amendment and the adoption is identified only in the MAT. When multiple agencies co-adopt the same amendment, agency banners such as [HCD 1 & SFM] are often included in the text of the code. Be sure to refer to the MAT to determine which state agency has adopted a California amendment. Then, determine if the state agency has authority for the project’s building occupancy, features or equipment.

3. Apply the code:
a. When a State Agency Has Authority: Apply Title 24 Parts 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10 and 11 provisions that are adopted by the state agencies having authority for the project’s building occupancy, features or equipment. The Matrix Adoption Tables identify each adopted section or subsection of the code and the state agency, if any. Apply the provisions of Title 24 Parts 1, 6, 8, and 12 as explained in the preamble pages of each of these parts. These parts do not have Matrix Adoption Tables.

ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

24 b. When No State Agency Has Authority: Apply the published model code provisions when there is no state agency with authority for the project’s building occupancy, features or equipment.

4. Apply Local Amendments: Apply local amendments to building standards (ordinance requirements) that have been lawfully adopted, filed with the appropriate state agency, and are effective on the date of application for a construction permit. See Local Code Adoption in this guide for information regarding local amendments.

An accomplished user of Title 24 will become familiar with the use of Matrix Adoption Tables and the responsibilities and authority of various state agencies. With this knowledge, determinations of adoption and application of code provisions can be made quickly and accurately.

Buying and Maintaining Title 24
All parts of Title 24 are available to read-only online via the California Building Standards Commission website. Using the read-only online versions of Title 24 may be convenient for occasional reference but is not practical while performing plan review or building inspection activities.

Title 24 may be purchased as a set or by individual parts from the publishers:

International Code Council (ICC) for all parts of Title 24.

ICC Online Store: shop.iccsafe.org/state-and-local-codes/california.html.

ICC Errata Central for Supplements & Errata: iccsafe.org/errata-central (all parts except 3, 4 & 5).

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) for Part 3.

NFPA Online Store: nfpa.org/codes-and-standards.

International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) for Parts 4 and 5.

IAPMO Online Store: iapmomembership.org.

Title 24 is published as a new edition every three years as a result of a triennial code adoption cycle. During the three-year life of a current edition of Title 24, additions, amendments, repeals and corrections almost always occur. These updates are published in the form of Supplements and Errata. Buyers may purchase Title 24 in various formats including printed, loose-leaf binders or electronic versions from the different publishers. Upon making the purchase, also register with the publisher to automatically receive supplements and errata at no cost.

ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

25 Supplements
Supplements are the result of CBSC-approved additions, amendments, repeals and/or emergency building standards within an existing edition of Title 24. Supplements are printed on blue paper with the words “BLUE” and “SUPPLEMENT,” and the effective date, at the bottom of each page. Electronic versions will only have the text identification at the bottom of the pages since they are not printed. When the publisher issues supplements, instructions are provided identifying the locations of the new pages within the code book.

Errata
Errata are issued to correct non-substantive errors in an existing edition of Title 24.

Errata are printed on buff paper with the words “BUFF” and “ERRATA,” and the effective date, at the bottom of each page. Electronic versions will only have the text identification at the bottom of the pages since they are not printed. When the publisher issues errata, instructions are provided identifying the locations of the new pages within the code book.

ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

26 How to Obtain Supplements and Errata
The first and recommended method is to register the purchase of Title 24 with the publisher. The publisher will mail issued supplements (blue) and errata (buff) as they are published or will notify buyers of electronic versions of their availability. Instructions for registration are included with purchased editions of Title 24.

The second method is to access CBSC’s website, dgs.ca.gov/BSC, click on the Codes tab, and then select the appropriate edition of Title 24. CBSC provides links to downloadable and printable errata and supplements. Use blue or buff paper in your printer to benefit from the color-coding. However, if colored paper is not available, the words “BLUE” and “BUFF,” and the effective date, are printed at the bottom of each supplement and errata page. Note that the original code text cannot be downloaded and printed due to copyright protections.

Code users may also contact the publishers using the information provided at the beginning of this section.

History and Effective Date
A History Note Appendix is included with all issued supplements and errata, and provides the sequential history of supplements and errata issued for the affected part of Title 24. The History Note Appendix should be kept in the code book because it documents the state agencies involved in amending the building standards, brief descriptions of changes, as well as the effective dates.

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27 Maintaining Title 24
CBSC recommends either of the following methods for maintaining Title 24 loose-leaf binders.

Method A – Remove and Insert

1. Read the “General Information” on the cover sheet provided with each issued supplement or errata.

2. Remove superseded pages as indicated and replace with the new pages.

3. Place the cover sheet on top of the removed pages. Staple or clip these pages together as a set.

4. Place the set in the back of the code binder with the most recent on top. Over the three-year life of the edition of Title 24, more than one set of supplements and errata may be issued.

5. Also place the History Note Appendix in the back of the code binder on top of the sets of superseded pages, with the most recent on top.

Method B – Retain and Insert

1. Read the “General Information” on the cover sheet provided with each issued supplement or errata.

2. Insert the new pages and, instead of removing the superseded pages, fold them in half, maintaining the old pages adjacent to the new pages. This includes updating the History Note Appendix.

3. Place the cover sheet of issued supplements or errata into the front pocket of the binder for reference.

This method allows for easy access to current code requirements if a supplement is not yet effective, and for verification of previous code requirements. Keep in mind that an issued supplement may not yet be effective, so retaining the superseded page(s) is essential for accurate application of the code.

Need help? Contact us at [email protected] or (916) 263-0916.

Adoptions for Specific Buildings
Applying the California Building Standards Code, Title 24, California Code of Regulations (Title 24) is easier when the code user understands the application of the adoptions and amendments by the various state agencies. This can be accomplished by studying Sections 1.2 through 1.14 in the 2022 California Building Code (CBC), Part 2 of Title 24, and the state laws referenced therein. This information is also summarized in the table that begins on page 44. Information regarding the authority of state agencies and the application of their adoptions and amendments is also available in the first chapter or article of the California Residential Code (Part 2.5), California Electrical Code (Part 3), California Mechanical Code (Part 4), California Plumbing Code (Part 5), ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

28 California Fire Code (Part 9), California Existing Building Code (Part 10) and California Green Building Standards Code (Part 11), as appropriate for those specific parts of Title 24.

This section covers some general code adoptions for common building occupancies, building types or building features, and the enforcement responsibility. Most building standards are enforced by the local building official and/or fire official, and a few are enforced by a state agency. The state laws referenced in this section may be accessed at the California Legislative Information website at leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/ home.xhtml.

Abbreviations used in this section
State Agencies
BSC – Building Standards Commission
CEC – California Energy Commission
DGS – Department of General Services
DSA-AC – Division of the State Architect – Access Compliance DSA-SS – Division of the State Architect – Structural Safety DSA-SS/CC – Division of the State Architect – Structural Safety/Community Colleges HCD – Department of Housing and Community Development
SFM – Office of the State Fire Marshal
OSHPD/HCAI – Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, now known as the Department of Health Care Access and Information Title 24
CBC – California Building Code, Part 2
CALGreen – California Green Building Standards Code, Part 11 MAT – Matrix Adoption Table
State Law
EDC – California Education Code
HSC – California Health and Safety Code
GOV – California Government Code
PRC – California Public Resources Code
ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

29 Group R Occupancies
Hotels, motels, lodging houses, condominiums, apartments and dwellings are subject to the adopted model code, and California amendments and standards promulgated by multiple state agencies. In general, HCD 1, HCD 1-AC, SFM, DSA-AC and CEC adoptions apply to these structures.

Structural, Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing
The State Housing Law within HSC, Division 13, Part 1.5, commencing with Section 17910, charges HCD with the responsibility for developing building standards for hotels, motels, apartments, condominiums, lodging houses and dwellings (including one- and two-family dwellings). The scope of HCD’s authority is limited to structural, mechanical, electrical, plumbing systems and related equipment, and green building standards. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym HCD 1 within the code and MATs. Read more about HCD adoptions in Section 1.8 of the 2022 CBC. Also see HSC Sections 17921(a) and 17922.

Fire and Panic Safety
State Housing Law within HSC Section 17921(b) assigns the responsibility for developing fire and panic safety building standards for these structures to SFM. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym SFM within the code text and MATs. Read more about SFM adoptions in Section 1.11 of the 2022 CBC.

Accessibility
HSC Division 13, Parts 5.3 and 5.5, including Sections 19952 through 19959.5, assigns the responsibility for the development of building standards for accessibility in places of public accommodation and commercial facilities to DSA. Such adoptions are shown in the code and MATs by the acronym DSA-AC. Hotels and motels are included in the definition of “Place of Public Accommodation” and are therefore subject to accessibility requirements adopted by DSA. DSA-AC adoptions also apply to publicly funded housing, regardless of the number of dwelling units. Read more about DSA-AC adoptions in section 1.9 of the 2022 CBC and GOV Section 12955.1.

GOV Section 12955.1 assigns the responsibility for the development of building standards for accessibility in covered multifamily dwellings to HCD. Lodging houses, time shares, apartment buildings with three or more dwelling units, and condominiums with four or more dwelling units are defined as multifamily dwellings subject to accessibility adoptions by HCD. Such adoptions are shown in the code and MATs with the acronym HCD 1-AC. One- and two-family dwellings are not subject to accessibility requirements unless publicly funded. Read Sections 1.8.2.1.2, 1101A and 1102A of the 2022 CBC for more information on the application of HCD 1-AC adoptions.

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30 Energy Conservation
PRC, Division 15, commencing with Section 25000, assigns the responsibility for the development of building standards for energy efficiency and conservation to CEC.

Hotels, motels, condominiums, apartments, lodging houses and dwellings are subject to adoptions by CEC for energy conservation. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym CEC in the code text and MATs in applicable parts of Title 24. Most CEC provisions are in the 2022 California Energy Code, Part 6 of Title 24, which has no MATs because it is entirely adopted by CEC. Read Section 100 of the 2022 California Energy Code for more information and applications of CEC adoptions.

Green Building Standards
The 2022 edition of CALGreen includes mandatory and voluntary provisions applicable to residential buildings that are developed and adopted by HCD under the authority of State Housing Law. HCD adoptions are identified in the code and MATs by the acronym HCD 1. Read Sections 101, 104 and 301 of CALGreen for detailed scope and application information.

Enforcement
HSC Section 17960 (within State Housing Law), and Sections 13145 and 13146, assign enforcement responsibility to the local building and/or fire official. In the absence of local enforcement, or where the enforcement authority is removed pursuant to HSC Section 17952, HCD assumes this responsibility. See the Enforcement section of this guide for more information about enforcement responsibilities.

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31 Group A, B, M and Similar Occupancies
The following information is limited to privately-owned buildings of A, B, M and similar occupancies that are not within the jurisdiction of the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD, now known as the Department of Health Care Access and Information—HCAI).

Structural, Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing
No state agency has authority to adopt specific structural, mechanical, electrical or plumbing standards for these occupancies if they are non-governmentally funded. Apply the published Title 24 provisions applicable to the occupancy and structure type.

Fire and Panic Safety
HSC, Division 12, Part 2, commencing with Section 13100, assigns the responsibility for the development of building standards for fire and panic safety to SFM. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym SFM within the code and MATs. Whereas other state agencies adopt regulations for a limited scope of buildings, SFM adopts standards for several building types, occupancies and features as specified in Section

1.11 of the 2022 CBC.

Accessibility
Buildings of Group A, B and M occupancies usually fall within the scope of a public building, place of public accommodation, or commercial facility. HSC Sections 19952 through 19959, and GOV Section 4450, assign the responsibility for the development of building standards for accessibility in these occupancies to DSA. Read more about DSA-AC adoptions in Section 1.9 of the 2022 CBC.

Energy Conservation
Buildings of Group A, B and M occupancies are subject to CEC’s adoptions for energy efficiency and conservation. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym CEC in the code text and MATs in applicable parts of Title 24. Most CEC provisions are in the 2022 California Energy Code, Part 6 of Title 24, which has no MAT because it is entirely adopted by CEC. Read Section 100 of the California Energy Code for more information and applications of CEC adoptions.

Green Building Standards
Buildings of Group A, B and M occupancies are subject to mandatory provisions in the 2022 edition of CALGreen. Mandatory green building standards for nonresidential buildings are adopted by BSC under the authority of Sections 18930.5 and 18940.5 of HSC Division 13, Part 2.5 (California Building Standards Law). The acronym BSC-CG is used in the code and MATs to identify the applicable standards. BSC also adopts voluntary green building standards in CALGreen. Read Sections 101, 102 and 103 in Chapter 1 of CALGreen for the scope and application of green building standards adopted by BSC.

ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

32 Enforcement
State law delegates enforcement responsibility to the local building and/or fire official.

Reference HSC Sections 13145, 13146, 18938(b), and 18948 regarding code application, enforcement and related matters. See the Enforcement section of this guide and Section 1.11.2 of the 2022 CBC for more information about local enforcement responsibilities relating to these occupancies.

Hospitals and Medical Care Facilities
In this section, the term "hospital and medical care facilities" refers to buildings identified in Section 1.10 of the 2022 CBC.

Structural, Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing
HSC, Division 107, Part 7, Chapter 1 assigns the responsibility for the development of architectural, structural, mechanical, electrical and plumbing building standards for hospital and medical care facilities to OSHPD (HCAI). Such adoptions are shown in the code text and MATs by the acronyms OSHPD 1, OSHPD 1R, OSHPD 2, OSHPD 3, OSHPD 4 and OSHPD 5. Each of these acronyms relates to a specific type of medical building. Read Section 1.10 of the 2022 CBC for additional information about the application of OSHPD adoptions to the various medical buildings within its authority.

Fire and Panic Safety
HSC, Division 12, Part 2, commencing with Section 13100, assigns the responsibility for the development of building standards for fire and panic safety to SFM. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym SFM within the code and MATs. Requirements are adopted for multiple types of buildings and occupancies as specified in Section

1.11 of the 2022 CBC.

Accessibility
Hospitals and medical care facilities are categorized as places of public accommodation as defined in state law and in Chapter 2 of the 2022 CBC. HSC Sections 19952 through 19959 assign the responsibility for the development of building standards for accessibility in and about public accommodations to DSA.

Government Code Sections 4450 through 4459 also require DSA to develop building standards for accessibility in and about public buildings. Such adoptions are identified in the code text and MATs by the acronym DSA-AC. Read more about DSA-AC adoptions in Section 1.9 of the 2022 CBC.

Energy Conservation
Hospitals and medical care buildings of or including Groups A, B, E, F, H, I, M, R, S or U occupancies are subject to adoptions by CEC for energy conservation. The PRC, Division 15, commencing with Section 25000, assigns the responsibility for the ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

33 development of building standards for energy efficiency and conservation to CEC.

Such adoptions are shown by the acronym CEC in the code text and MATs in applicable parts of Title 24. Most CEC provisions are in the 2022 California Energy Code, Part 6 of Title 24, which has no MATs because it is entirely adopted by CEC.

Read Section 100 of the California Energy Code for more information and applications of CEC adoptions.

Green Building Standards
OSHPD has adopted administrative and voluntary green building standards in the 2022 edition of CALGreen. The acronyms OSHPD 1, OSHPD 2, and OSHPD 4 are used in the code and MATs to identify the adoptions. See Section 106 in Chapter 1 of CALGreen.

Enforcement
Enforcement, including plan review and inspection, of the Title 24 building standards adopted by DSA-AC, OSHPD and SFM applicable to hospital and medical care facilities identified in Section 1.10 of the 2022 CBC is performed or overseen by OSHPD. See the Enforcement section of this guide for more information about enforcement responsibilities.

Exceptions:
• Clinics, as defined, are subject to building standards identified by the acronym OSHPD 3. Building standards adopted for OSHPD 3 application are to be enforced by the local building department as specified in Section 1.10.3 of the 2022 CBC.
• Buildings on properties with hospitals and medical care facilities that are not used for medical purposes, such as office buildings, storage buildings and parking garages, are subject to the building standards applicable to the building occupancy and the enforcement of the local fire and/or building official.

ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

34 • HSC Section 129680 provides that where more restrictive local building standards have been adopted that apply to the occupancy of a building used as a hospital or medical care facility, OSHPD shall also enforce the more restrictive local building standards in hospitals and medical care facilities.

Public School Buildings
In this section, the term “school buildings” means the buildings identified in Section 1.9.2 of the 2022 CBC and defined in EDC Sections 17283 and 81130, including elementary and secondary schools, and community colleges. State college and university buildings are included in the next section—State Buildings.

Note: The California Administrative Code (CAC), Part 1 of Title 24, Chapter 4, Group 1, commencing with Section 4-301, contains important regulations that should be used in conjunction with the balance of Title 24 when working with school buildings.

Structural, Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing
EDC, Division 1, Part 10.5, Chapter 3, Sections 17310 and 81142 authorize DGS to develop building standards for structural, mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems in school buildings. DGS then delegates the authority to DSA. Such adoptions are shown in the code text and MATs by the acronym DSA-SS. Alternative building standards for application to community college projects are identified by the acronym DSA-SS/CC and can be used instead of standards adopted by DSA-SS if a community college elects to do so. Read Section 1.9.2 of the 2022 CBC and the CAC, Chapter 4, Group 1 for more information regarding school buildings subject to DSA adoptions and exceptions.

Fire and Panic Safety
HSC, Division 12, Part 2, Section 13143, and EDC Section 17074.50 assign the responsibility for the development of building standards for fire and panic safety and fire sprinkler systems in school buildings to SFM. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym SFM within the code text and Matrix Adoption Tables. Read Section 1.11 of the 2022 CBC for more information and applications of SFM adoptions.

Accessibility
GOV Sections 4450 through 4460 and HSC Sections 19952 through 19959 assigns the responsibility for the development of building standards for accessibility in public buildings and places of public accommodation to DSA. Publicly-funded school buildings and adjacent grounds are both public buildings and places of public accommodation. Adoptions for accessibility by DSA are identified in the code text and MATs by the acronym DSA-AC. Read more about DSA-AC adoptions relating to school buildings in:

ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

35 • Section 1.9 of the 2022 CBC
• Section 4-302 of the 2022 CAC
• Chapter 5 of the 2022 CAC
Energy Conservation
PRC, Division 15, commencing with Section 25000, assigns the responsibility for the development of building standards for energy efficiency and conservation to CEC.

Public and private school buildings of Groups A, B, E, F, H, R, S or U occupancies are subject to adoptions by CEC. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym CEC in the code text and MATs in appropriate parts of Title 24. Most CEC provisions are in the California Energy Code, Part 6 of Title 24, which has no MAT because it is entirely adopted by CEC. Read Section 100 of the 2022 California Energy Code for more information and applications of CEC adoptions.

Green Building Standards
EDC Sections 17310 and 81142 authorize DGS to develop regulations deemed necessary, proper, or suitable for school buildings. Mandatory provisions of CALGreen have been adopted by DSA, a division within DGS, for application to school buildings.

The acronym DSA-SS is used in the code and Matrix Adoption Tables to identify the adopted building standards. For more information on green building standards applicable to public school buildings read Sections 101.3.1 and 105 in Chapter 1 of CALGreen.

Enforcement
Enforcement, including plan review and inspection, is carried out by DSA. Read Sections 1.9.2.1 and 1.9.2.2 of the 2022 CBC and Chapter 4, Group 1 of the 2022 CAC for more information.

ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

36 State Buildings
Structural, Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing
State buildings, including office buildings occupied by state agencies, and buildings within the University of California (UC) and California State University (CSU) systems, are subject to specific adoptions by BSC and shown by the acronym BSC in the code text and MATs. Read Section 1.2.1 of the 2022 CBC and referenced state laws for more information. State-owned or -leased essential service buildings are subject to adoptions by DSA, identified by the acronym DSA-SS in code text and MATs. See Articles 1 and 2, commencing with Section 4-201 in Chapter 4 of the 2022 CAC.

Fire and Panic Safety
State buildings, including office buildings occupied by state agencies, and buildings within the University of California and California State University systems, are subject to fire and life safety adoptions by SFM and shown by the acronym SFM in the code text and MATs. Read Section 1.11 of the 2019 CBC and referenced state laws for more information.

Accessibility
GOV Sections 4450 through 4460 assign the responsibility for the development of building standards for accessibility in public buildings and places of public accommodation to DSA. Publicly funded state buildings, including public school buildings and grounds, are both public buildings and places of public accommodation.

Adoptions for accessibility by DSA are identified in the code text and MATs by the acronym DSA-AC. Read more about DSA-AC adoptions relating to school buildings in Section 1.9 of the 2022 CBC. Also read Article 2 commencing with Section 4-223 in Chapter 4, and Chapter 5 commencing with Section 5-101, of the CAC.

Energy Conservation
PRC, Division 15, commencing with Section 25000, assigns the responsibility of the development of building standards for energy efficiency to CEC. State buildings and public school buildings of Groups A, B, E, F, H, R, S or U occupancies are subject to adoptions by CEC. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym CEC in the code text ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

37 and MATs in appropriate parts of Title 24. Most CEC provisions are in the California Energy Code, Part 6 of Title 24, which has no MATs because it is entirely adopted by CEC. Read Section 100 of the 2022 California Energy Code for more information and applications of CEC adoptions.

Green Building Standards
BSC, under the authority of Section 18930.5 of HSC Division 13, Part 2.5 (California Building Standards Law), has adopted mandatory and voluntary green building standards applicable to state buildings. The acronym BSC-CG is used in the code and MATs to identify the applicable standards. Read Section 101, 102 and 103 in Chapter 1 of CALGreen for more information on the application of green building standards adopted by BSC.

Enforcement
Enforcement, including plan review and inspection, is carried out by various state agencies including DGS, DSA, SFM and facility divisions within the UC and CSU systems. See Chapter 1 of each part of Title 24 for more information.

Permanent Buildings in Mobilehome and Special Occupancy Parks The following applies to permanent buildings in mobilehome parks and special occupancy parks, such as recreational vehicle parks. It does not apply to manufactured homes, multifamily manufactured homes, mobilehomes or recreational vehicles, or to their attachments and accessory structures. “Mobilehome Park” is defined in HSC Section 18214 and “Special Occupancy Park” is defined in HSC Section 18862.43.

Note: A “permanent building” is defined in HSC Sections 18214.5 and 18862.33 as a permanent structure under the control and ownership of the mobilehome park or special occupancy park owner or operator.

Structural, Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing
The Mobilehome Parks Act in HSC Division 13, Part 2.1, commencing with Section 18200, and the Special Occupancy Parks Act, Division 13, Part 2.3, commencing with Section 18860, assign the responsibility for the development of building standards for the permanent buildings in these parks to HCD. Such adoptions are shown in the code text and MATs by the acronym HCD 2. Read Section 1.8.2.1.3 of the 2022 CBC for more information about HCD 2 adoptions.

Fire and Panic Safety
Typically, permanent buildings in mobilehome and special occupancy parks are of occupancy classifications—Group A, B, M, R, S or U—that are subject to adoptions by SFM. Such adoptions are shown in the code text and MATs by the acronym SFM.

Read more about the application of SFM adoptions in Section 1.11 of the 2022 CBC.

ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

38 Accessibility
HSC Sections 19952 through 19954.5, Sections 19955 through 19959.5 and GOV, Title 1, Division 5, Chapter 7, Sections 4450 through 4461, assign the responsibility for developing building standards for accessibility in places of public accommodation and commercial facilities to DSA. Such adoptions are shown in the code text and MATs by the acronym DSA-AC. Permanent buildings in mobilehome and special occupancy parks are usually privately funded places of public accommodation and are therefore subject to accessibility requirements adopted by DSA. However, exceptions may apply to buildings for the exclusive use of the residents. There may also be Group R occupancies subject to accessibility provisions adopted by HCD, shown with the acronym HCD 1-AC in code text and MATs. Contact HCD for clarification.

Read more about DSA-AC adoptions in Section 1.9 of the 2022 CBC. Read Title 25, Housing and Community Development, Division 1, Chapter 2.2, Section 2327, regarding accessibility to camping cabins located in special occupancy parks.

Energy Conservation
PRC, Division 15, commencing with Section 25000, assigns the responsibility for the development of building standards for energy efficiency to CEC. Typically, permanent buildings in mobilehome and special occupancy parks are of occupancy classifications—Group A, B, M, R, S or U—that are subject to adoptions for energy conservation by CEC. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym CEC in the code text and MATs in appropriate parts of Title 24. Most CEC provisions are in the California Energy Code, Part 6 of Title 24, which has no MATs because it is entirely adopted by CEC. Read Section 100 of the 2022 California Energy Code for more information and applications of CEC adoptions.

Green Building Standards
The Mobilehome Parks Act and Special Occupancy Parks Act within the HSC require HCD to promulgate building standards, and regulations other than building standards, for mobilehome parks and special occupancy parks. For permanent buildings in mobilehome and special occupancy parks that are other than Group R occupancies, no provisions of the 2022 CALGreen code have been adopted by HCD. Permanent buildings within these parks that are Group R occupancies are subject to green standards adopted by HCD and identified in the code and MATs by the acronym HCD

1. Enforcement
For mobilehome and special occupancy parks where local government has assumed enforcement responsibility pursuant to HSC Sections 18300 and 18865, respectively, the local building department enforces building codes; otherwise HCD is the enforcing entity.

See the Enforcement section of this guide for more information about local enforcement responsibilities.

ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

39 Requirements Based On Use or Type of Building or Facility The following types of buildings and facilities are subject to specific adoptions as listed, in addition to other code provisions applicable to the building occupancy.

Acupuncture, Barbering, Cosmetology, Electrolysis, Pharmacy, Structural Pest Control and Veterinary Facilities: Buildings with these facilities are subject to additional adoptions by the Department of Consumer Affairs. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym CA in the code text and MATs. Read Section 1.4 of Chapter 1 in the 2022 CBC and referenced state laws for more information.

Animal Handling: Laboratory animal quarters and wild animal quarantine facilities are subject to additional adoptions by the California Department of Public Health. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym DPH in the code text and MATs. Read Section

1.7 of the 2022 CBC and referenced state laws for more information.

Dairies, Meat and Poultry: Buildings with dairy operations, or meat and poultry inspection facilities, are subject to additional adoptions by the Department of Food and Agriculture. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym AGR in the code text and MATs. Read Section 1.6 of Chapter 1 in the 2022 CBC and referenced state laws for more information.

Essential Service Buildings: Essential service buildings as defined in HSC Section 16007, such as a police or fire department facility, are subject to plan review and inspection by the local fire and building officials as set forth in HSC Division 12.5, Chapter 2, commencing with Section 16000, that refers to specific requirements within the CAC and the CBC. State-owned or state-leased essential service buildings are subject to structural requirements adopted by DSA and fire-life safety requirements adopted by SFM and shown by the acronyms DSA-SS and SFM. Enforcement of requirements applicable to state-owned and state-leased essential service buildings is performed by DSA and SFM. Read Section 1.9.2 of the 2022 CBC and Chapters 3 and 4 of the 2022 CAC, commencing with Section 3-101, for more information. See HSC Sections 16000 through 16022.

Family Care Homes and Facilities, Motion Picture Studios, and State Institutional Facilities: Small and large family daycare homes, residential facilities, residential facilities for the elderly, residential care facilities, motion picture production studios, and any state institutions or other state-owned or state-occupied building are subject to additional adoptions by the Office of the State Fire Marshal. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym SFM in the code text and MATs. Read Section 1.11.1 of Chapter 1 in the 2022 CBC and referenced state laws for more information.

Food Handling: Food establishments, shellfish facilities, commissaries serving food, and mobile food preparation vehicles are subject to additional adoptions by the ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

40 California Department of Public Health. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym DPH in the code text and MATs. Read Section 1.7 of the 2022 CBC and referenced state laws for more information.

High Rise Buildings: High rise buildings are subject to additional adoptions by the Office of the State Fire Marshal. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym SFM in the code text and MATs. Read Sections 1.11.1, 1.11.3 and 1.11.3.4 of the 2022 CBC and referenced state laws for more information.

Local Detention Facilities: Local detention facilities are subject to additional adoptions by the Board of State and Community Corrections. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym BSCC in the code text and MATs. Read Section 1.3 of Chapter 1 in the 2022 CBC and referenced state laws for more information.

Marine Oil Terminals: Marine oil terminals are subject to additional adoptions by the California State Lands Commission. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym SLC in the code text and MATs. Read Section 1.14 of Chapter 1 in the 2022 CBC and referenced state laws for more information.

Organized Camps: Organized camps are subject to additional adoptions by the California Department of Public Health and the Office of the State Fire Marshal. Such adoptions are shown by the acronyms DPH and SFM in the code text and MATs.

Read Sections 1.7 and 1.11.1 of Chapter 1 in the 2022 CBC and referenced state laws for more information.

Publicly Funded Sidewalks: GOV Section 4450 directs DSA to develop building standards for accessibility in public buildings, places of public accommodation, commercial facilities and publicly funded sidewalks and curbs. These building standards are in Chapter 11B of the CBC. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym DSA-AC in the code text and MATs. Read Section 1.9.1 in Chapter 1, and Chapter 11B of the 2022 CBC, and GOV Sections 4450 through 4453, and 4460 for more information.

Public Swimming Pools: Public swimming pools are subject to additional adoptions by the California Department of Public Health. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym DPH in the code text and MATs. Read Section 1.7 of the 2022 CBC and referenced state laws for more information.

Radiation Protection and Producing Facilities: These facilities are subject to additional adoptions by the California Department of Public Health. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym DPH in the code text and MATs. Read Section 1.7 of the 2022 CBC and referenced state laws for more information.

Recycled Water Systems: Installation, construction, alteration, or repair of recycled water systems for water closets, urinals, trap primers, floor sinks and other acceptable ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

41 uses are subject to additional adoptions by the Department of Water Resources. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym DWR in the code text and MATs. Read Section

1.13.0 of Chapter 1 in the 2022 California Plumbing Code, Part 5 of Title 24, and referenced state laws for more information.

State Libraries: Buildings of the public library system constructed or renovated using funds from the California Library Construction and Renovation Bond Act of 1988 are subject to additional adoptions by the State Librarian. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym SL in the code text and MATs. Read Section 1.12 of Chapter 1 in the 2022 CBC and referenced state laws for more information.

Tents, Awnings or Other Fabric Enclosures: These types of enclosures are subject to additional adoptions by the Office of the State Fire Marshal. Such adoptions are shown by the acronym SFM in the code text and MATs. Read Section 1.11.1 of Chapter 1 in the 2022 CBC and referenced state laws for more information.

ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

42 Examples of Code Application by Type of Building, Occupancy, or Feature The types of buildings and occupancies shown below are specifically selected to illustrate that multiple state agencies may have adoptions applicable to a single type of building.

This table is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for the code. In case of conflict, the code shall prevail. Exceptions to code provisions are not shown.

Building Type, Occupancy or
Feature
Subject State Law
State
Adopting
Agency
Enforcement Agency
Hotels, Motels,
Lodging Houses
Structural, Mechanical,
Electrical, Plumbing
State Housing Law
HSC Division 13, Part 1.5,
Sec 17921(a) & 17922
HCD 1 Local Government or HCD
Hotels, Motels,
Lodging Houses Fire & Panic Safety HSC 17921(b) SFM
Local Government or HCD,
when there is no local
agency
Hotels, Motels,
Lodging Houses Accessibility GOV 4450-4461HSC 19952-19959 DSA-AC
(see table
footnote 1)
Local Government or HCD,
when there is no local
agency
Hotels, Motels,
Lodging Houses Energy Conservation PRC 25402 CEC (2)
Local Government or HCD,
when there is no local
agency
Hotels, Motels,
Lodging Houses
Green Building
Standards HSC 17921(a) & 17922 HCD 1
Local Government or HCD,
when there is no local
agency
Apartments and
Condominiums
(not public housing)
Structural, Mechanical,
Electrical, Plumbing HSC 17921(a) & 17922 HCD 1 Local Government or HCD Apartments and
Condominiums
(not public housing)
Fire & Panic Safety HSC 17921(b) SFM
Local Government or HCD,
when there is no local
agency
Apartments and
Condominiums
(not public housing)
Accessibility GOV 12955.1 HCD 1-AC
(see table
footnote 3)
Local Government or HCD,
when there is no local
agency
Apartments and
Condominiums
(not public housing)
Energy Conservation PRC 25402 CEC
(see table
footnote 2)
Local Government or HCD,
when there is no local
agency
Apartments and
Condominiums
(not public housing)
Green Building
Standards HSC 17921(a) & 17922 HCD 1
Local Government or HCD,
when there is no local
agency
ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

43 Building Type,
Occupancy or
Feature
Subject State Law
State
Adopting
Agency
Enforcement Agency
One- & TwoFamily Dwellings
(not public housing)
Structural, Mechanical,
Electrical, Plumbing HSC 17921(a) & 17922 HCD 1 Local Government or HCD One- & TwoFamily Dwellings
(not public housing)
Fire & Panic Safety HSC 17921(b) SFM
Local Government or HCD,
when there is no local
agency
One- & Two- Family Dwellings
(not public housing)
Accessibility None None
(see table
footnote 4)
Local Government or HCD,
when there is no local
agency
One- & Two- Family Dwellings
(not public housing)
Energy Conservation PRC 25402 CEC
(see table
footnote 2)
Local Government or HCD,
when there is no local
agency
One- & TwoFamily Dwellings
(not public housing)
Green Building
Standards HSC 17921(a) & 17922 HCD 1
Local Government or HCD,
when there is no local
agency
Group A, B, M
and other
occupancies
Structural, Mechanical,
Electrical, Plumbing HSC 18938(b)
BSC
(see table
footnote 5)
Local Government
Group A, B, M
and other
occupancies
Fire & Panic Safety HSC 13143 SFM Local Government
Group A, B, M
and other
occupancies
Accessibility GOV 4450-4461
HSC 19952-19959 DSA-AC Local Government
Group A, B, M
and other
occupancies
Energy Conservation PRC 25402 CEC
(see table
footnote 2)
Local Government
Group A, B, M
and other
occupancies
Green Building
Standards HSC18930.5 & 18938 BSC-CG Local Government
ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

44 Building Type,
Occupancy or
Feature
Subject State Law
State
Adopting
Agency
Enforcement Agency
Hospitals & Medical
Care Facilities
Structural, Mechanical,
Electrical, Plumbing HSC Div.107, Parts 1 & 7 OSHPD 1, 1R, 2 or 4 OSHPD Hospitals & Medical
Care Facilities Fire & Panic Safety HSC 13143 SFM OSHPD Hospitals & Medical
Care Facilities Accessibility GOV 4450-4461
HSC 19952-19959 DSA-AC OSHPD
Hospitals & Medical
Care Facilities Energy Conservation PRC 25402 CEC (except Group I
occupancy)
OSHPD
Hospitals & Medical
Care Facilities
Green Building
Standards HSC 1275 &129850 OSHPD 1, 2
or 4
OSHPD
Licensed Clinics Structural, Mechanical,
Electrical, Plumbing HSC Div.107, Part 1 &7 OSHPD 3 Local Government Licensed Clinics Fire & Panic Safety HSC 13143 SFM Local Government Licensed Clinics Accessibility GOV 4450-4461
HSC 19952-19959 DSA-AC Local Government
Licensed Clinics Energy Conservation PRC 25402 CEC (except Group I occupancy)
Local Government
Licensed Clinics Green Building
Standards
HSC 18930.5 & 18938 See footnote 6 Local Government
Public Schools
(K-12 & Community
Colleges)
Structural, Mechanical,
Electrical, Plumbing
EDC 17310, 81142,
81053
DSA-SS and

DSA-SS/CC DSA
Public Schools
(K-12 & Community
Colleges)
Fire & Panic Safety HSC 13143 SFM DSA
Public Schools
(K-12 & Community
Colleges)
Accessibility GOV 4450-4461
HSC 19952-19959 DSA-AC DSA
Public Schools
(K-12 & Community
Colleges)
Energy Conservation PRC 25402 CEC DSA
Public Schools
(K-12 & Community
Colleges)
Green Building
Standards EDC 17310, 81142 DSA-SS DSA
ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

45 Table Notes:

1. Exception: Lodging houses meeting the definition of covered multifamily dwelling are subject to HCD 1-AC. See Sections 1.8.2.1.2 and 1101A.1 and 1102A.1 in Chapter 11A of the 2022 California Building Code.

2. See Title 24, Part 6, Section 100 for a listing of occupancies subject to CEC adoptions.

3. Applicable only to buildings meeting the definition of covered multifamily dwelling.

See Sections 1.8.2.1.2 and 1101A.1 and 1102A in Chapter 11A of the 2022 California Building Code. Public use areas are subject to DSA-AC adoptions in CBC Chapter 11B. See CBC Section 1101A.1 for scoping.

4. If publicly funded, then DSA-AC adoptions apply.

5. No state agency has authority to adopt specific requirements, apply published Title 24 model provisions applicable to the occupancy and structure without CA amendments.

6. Contact OSHPD/HCAI and local government if there are questions.

See page 16 for acronyms used above.

ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

46 State and Local Code Adoption
This section will explain the code adoption process used to create the California Building Standards Code, Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations (Title 24), and how local government is required by statute to enforce Title 24. Review CBSC’s Glossary of Terms to become familiar with words and terms related to code adoption.

The State Rulemaking Process for Building Standards
The process of adopting building standards is governed by requirements in the California Building Standards Law in Health and Safety Code (HSC), Division 13, Part 2.5, commencing with Section 18901; the Administrative Procedure Act (APA, Government Code, commencing with Section 11340); and Chapter 1 of the California Administrative Code (CAC), Part 1 of Title 24. The California Building Standards Commission (CBSC) is responsible for carrying out the code adoption process in accordance with these state laws and regulations.

CBSC is established by—and functions pursuant to—California Building Standards Law.

CBSC administers and coordinates the building standards adoption activities of various state agencies called proposing agencies. CBSC is responsible for making proposed code adoptions and amendments available to the public on its website and by submitting rulemaking documents to the Office of Administrative Law’s California Regulatory Notice Register (oal.ca.gov/publications/notice_register/). CBSC is also responsible for conducting public workshops and meetings, and approving or adopting proposed building standards that meet the requirements of law. Finally, CBSC works with the publishers to prepare the approved and adopted building standards, along with adopted model codes, for publication in Title 24.

Other state agencies, called adopting agencies, conduct their own public hearings and adopt building standards under their own authority. These agencies must submit their adopted building standards to CBSC for approval by the commission prior to publication in Title 24. The purpose of CBSC’s review and approval of adopting agency regulations is to verify that the process was carried out in compliance with the requirements of the HSC and APA. Two examples of adopting agencies are the California Energy Commission (CEC) and the State Historical Building Safety Board (SHBSB), which are responsible for Parts 6 and 8 of Title 24, respectively.

Parts 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 9 and 10 of Title 24 are based on model codes, which are issued every three years by private code development organizations: the International Code Council, International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, and the National Fire Protection Association. When the new model code editions are published, CBSC and other state agencies begin an adoption process called the Triennial Code Adoption Cycle. During this cycle, state agency staff review the new editions of the model codes and prepare rulemaking documents such as a Notice of Proposed Action (NOPA), Express Terms (ET) and Initial Statement of Reasons (ISOR). These (and other required documents) contain ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 19

47 proposals to adopt the new edition of model codes, as well as California amendments that are necessary to implement state and federal laws, and to remove conflicts between the model codes and requirements of state law and regulations.

At the beginning of a code adoption cycle, CBSC convenes its Coordinating Council to plan and organize the rulemaking work of the state agencies, each of which has specific areas of authority and expertise. The initial rulemaking files developed by the state proposing agencies are submitted to CBSC, then the Code Advisory Committees (CAC) convene at public meetings to assist with review of the proposed building standards. The state agencies may make amendments to their proposals to address comments and recommendations from the CACs.

Next, a NOPA is issued to advise the public of the proposed building standards and provide information regarding a minimum 45-day public comment period and possible public meeting. The rulemaking documents such as the ET and ISOR are made available to the public via CBSC’s website and the website of the state agency proposing the regulatory action.

Often, comments received during a public comment period result in the need to modify proposed code language. When this occurs, CBSC schedules an additional public comment period and posts the amended ET on its website. If the change to the code language is substantial and not sufficiently related to the original ET, the second public comment period must be for at least 45 days. If the code language modifications are substantial, but are sufficiently related to the original ET, a minimum 15-day public comment period is allowed (GOV 11346.8(c)). Changes that are non-substantial or solely grammatical in nature do not require an additional public comment period.

Following the public comment period(s), a public meeting is held at which the CBSC commissioners hear public testimony, and consider comments from the various CACs and from the public. They then vote to approve, disapprove, approve as amended, or return for further study the proposed building standards. According to HSC 18930(d), for a commissioner to vote for anything other than approval, they have to specifically find and document their reasoning that the factual determination provided by an agency in compliance with HSC 18930(a) is arbitrary and capricious or substantially unsupported by the evidence considered by the agency.

The entire adoption process requires at least 18 months to complete, after which the model code language along with California amendments is published in a new edition of Title 24.

The effective date for a new edition of Title 24 is no sooner than 180 days following the publication date established by CBSC. This minimum 180-day period is required by HSC Section 18938 to allow local government and those subject to the codes time to adjust processes and designs, or to obtain or provide training. Occasionally, CBSC has established an effective date greater than 180 days after publication.

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48 An Intervening Code Adoption Cycle is conducted between the Triennial Code Adoption Cycles to consider proposed modifications to the current Title 24 edition, including new regulatory language, editorial changes, and repeals. The intervening cycle follows the same process as the triennial cycle, and the adoptions result in the issuance of supplement pages to be inserted into the current edition of Title 24. See the section of this guide about Maintaining Title 24 for more about supplements.

Learn more about the code adoption process in CBSC’s publication, A Public Guide to the Building Standards Adoption Process, found on the Resources tab of CBSC’s website, and by watching CBSC’s educational video, About the Rulemaking Process, available on the Education and Outreach webpage.

Below is an illustration of CBSC’s code adoption process for building standards.

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49 Local Code Adoption (Ordinances)
State law requires local governments to enforce the California Building Standards Code, Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations (Title 24), through a local building department and/or fire district, as it applies to buildings constructed, repaired, altered, and added to, that are not subject to state agency enforcement (such as public schools and hospitals).

Most local jurisdictions adopt the published Title 24 by reference in their ordinances. Title 24 applies throughout the state and to all buildings and occupancies, whether or not the local government has an adoption ordinance. This is made clear in HSC Section 18938 and in Section 1.1.3 of Chapter 1 in the 2022 CBC, Part 2 of Title 24.

Local governments are permitted by state law in HSC Sections 17958.5 and 18941.5 to adopt local ordinances that include building standards which are more restrictive than the standards contained in Title 24. Amendments to Title 24 that are included in a local ordinance must be justified as reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions.

Health and Safety Code Section 17958.5 (in part and with emphasis added):
(a) Except as provided in Section 17922.6, in adopting the ordinances or regulations pursuant to Section 17958, a city or county may make such changes or modifications in the requirements contained in the provisions published in the California Building Standards Code and the other regulations adopted pursuant to Section 17922 as it determines, pursuant to the provisions of Section 17958.7, are reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions. For purposes of this subdivision, a city and county may make reasonably necessary modifications to the requirements, adopted pursuant to Section 17922, contained in the provisions of the code and regulations on the basis of local conditions.

Health and Safety Code Section 18941.5 (in part and with emphasis added):
(b) Neither the State Building Standards Law contained in this part, nor the application of building standards contained in this section, shall limit the authority of a city, county, or city and county to establish more restrictive building standards, including, but not limited to, green building standards, reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions. The governing body shall make the finding required by Section 17958.7 and the other requirements imposed by Section 17958.7 shall apply to that finding. Nothing in this section shall limit the authority of fire protection districts pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 13869.7.

Explanation: Section 17922.6 referenced above is state law requiring noise insulation.

Local governments may not amend the noise insulation standards adopted by state agencies into Title 24.

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50 A local government exercising the authority provided in HSC Sections 17958.5 and 18941.5 to adopt more restrictive requirements must make an express (written) finding of need as required by HSC Section 17958.7. The express finding explains the local climatic, geological or topographical conditions that make it necessary to implement more restrictive requirements.

HSC Sections 13143.5 and 13869.7 authorize adoption of local ordinances containing fire and panic safety requirements more restrictive than those in Title 24 adopted by the Office of the State Fire Marshal (SFM). Any local ordinance establishing more restrictive fire and panic safety requirements must be limited only to those needed for local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions.

Local amendments to Title 24 by a city, county, or city and county are neither effective nor operative until copies of both the ordinance and express finding of need are accepted for filing with CBSC (HSC Section 17958.7) or other appropriate state agency (examples below).
• Local amendments to Title 24 by a local fire protection district are not operative until ratified by the city, county, or city and county where the ordinance will apply, and copies of the ordinance and finding of need are filed with the Department of Housing and Community Development (HSC Section 13869.7).
• Local amendments to Title 24 for fire and panic safety requirements in a shelter crisis are not operative until reviewed and approved by the Office of the State Fire Marshal (GOV Section 8968.1).
• Local amendment to Title 24 by a city, county, or city and county that apply to qualified historical buildings must be filed with the State Historical Building Safety Board (HSC, Division 13, Part 2.7, Section 18959).

Local building and fire district officials are strongly urged to review the Guide for Local Amendments of Building Standards available on CBSC’s website. It explains the requirements of state law for Title 24 amendment documents and provides mailing addresses for filing with the state agencies. CBSC’s Education and Outreach webpage also hosts a presentation video regarding local code adoption.

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51 Enforcement
California jurisdictions are required by state law to enforce the California Building Standards Code, Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations (Title 24) as it applies to buildings not subject to enforcement by state agencies. The California Building Code (CBC), Part 2 of Title 24, Chapter 1, Sections 1.2 through 1.14 provides information related to the enforcement responsibilities for various types of buildings, uses and features. Where these sections of law provide enforcement authority to local government, refer to the following state laws (descriptions are abridged):

Health and Safety Code (HSC) Sections 13145, 13146 and 13196 require the local building or fire official to enforce Title 24 provisions shown as adopted by the State Fire Marshal (SFM).

HSC Section 13869.7 authorizes a fire protection district to adopt local amendments to building standards within Title 24 that were adopted by SFM. Subsection (h)(1) requires a city, county, or city and county that ratifies an ordinance by a fire protection district relating to fire and panic safety to delegate the enforcement of the ordinance to either the chief of the fire protection district that adopted the ordinance, or the chief building official of the city, county, or city and county.

HSC Section 17958 (State Housing Law) establishes Title 24 as the applicable code when a city or county does not specifically adopt Title 24 by ordinance, or adopt modifications to Title 24 provisions as authorized by this and other provisions of the HSC.

HSC Section 17960 (State Housing Law) requires every city and county to enforce Title 24.

HSC Section 18938(b) (California Building Standards Law) establishes that Title 24 shall apply to all occupancies throughout the state and that it shall become effective 180 days after publication or at a later date established by the commission.

HSC Section 18948 (California Building Standards Law) reads, “The responsibility for the enforcement and administration of building standards shall remain in the state or local agency specified by other provisions of law.” Note: The state laws identified in this section of the guide are those “other provisions of law.”
HSC Section 18959 requires local government to administer and enforce the California Historical Building Code, Part 8 of Title 24.

HSC Section 19958 requires the building department of every city and county, or city and county, to enforce the published Title 24 building standards for accessibility in buildings and related facilities.

Government Code Sections 4450-4453, within Title 1, Division 5, Chapter 7 directs the governing bodies of counties, municipalities, or other political subdivisions to assume responsibility for enforcement of accessibility requirements outlined in this chapter on projects where funds of counties, municipalities, or other political subdivisions are utilized except for the construction of elementary, secondary, or community college projects.

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52 Civil Code Section 55.53(d) requires a local enforcement agency (building department) to employ or retain a sufficient number of building inspectors who are certified access specialists (CASp). Persons having the CASp certification are to conduct permitting and plan check services to ensure compliance with state accessibility standards for new construction and tenant improvements that may impact accessibility. If a local agency employs or retains two or more CASps to comply with this subdivision, at least one-half of the CASps shall be building inspectors.

Public Resources Code Section 25402.1(g) requires the building department of every city, county, and city and county to enforce the building standards for energy conservation adopted by the California Energy Commission. The standards are published in the California Energy Code, Part 6 of Title 24.

Criminal Penalties
State law establishes criminal and civil penalties for violating some provisions of the California Building Standards Code in Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations (Title 24). The various state laws that charge specific state agencies with the responsibility of developing Title 24 also establish criminal and civil penalties for violations of the law or the building standards adopted to implement that law. Caution is needed, however. It is necessary to be sure that the state law establishing a penalty is the same state law authorizing the specific building standard being violated. All state laws referenced herein are available to read and print at the California Legislative Information website:
leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/home.xhtml.

Following are explanations and examples of some criminal penalties provided in state law regarding building standards.

State Housing Law: Health and Safety Code (HSC), Division 13, Part 1.5 commencing with Section 17910, known as State Housing Law (SHL), charges the Department of Housing and Community Development with the task of developing Title 24 provisions (excluding fire and panic safety) applicable to the construction of hotels, motels, lodging houses, apartments and dwellings. Section 17995 within the SHL establishes penalties for violation of the SHL and Title 24 provisions adopted under the authority of and to implement the SHL. HSC Section 17995 reads (with clarification added):
“Any person who violates any of the provisions of this part (the word “part“ is referring to Part 1.5 of Division 13 in the HSC), the building standards published in the State Building Standards Code relating to the provisions of this part, or any other rule or regulation promulgated pursuant to the provisions of this part is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000) or by imprisonment not exceeding six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.”
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53 Accordingly, any violation of Title 24 regulations shown as an HCD 1 adoption in the Matrix Adoption Tables is punishable as a misdemeanor.

It is noteworthy that Section 17995 language does not include the words “willfully” or "knowingly.” Sometimes, a law that establishes a criminal penalty will specify that a person is guilty of the crime only if the violation is willful or knowingly permitted. Here, a person may be found guilty under Section 17995 without willfulness or knowledge of the violation, therefore the burden of proof on the plaintiff is less.

The SHL also charges the State Fire Marshal (SFM) with the responsibility of developing Title 24 provisions relating to fire and panic safety in hotels, motels, lodging houses, apartments and dwellings. A violation of any Title 24 provision adopted by SFM that implements the SHL is also punishable under HSC Section 17995 (shown above) as a misdemeanor.

Fire Protection Laws: HSC Division 12, Part 2, Chapter 1, establishes the responsibility for the SFM to develop building standards for fire alarms, egress systems, and public address system backup in specific buildings and for buildings located in hazardous fire areas and/or wildland urban interface areas. HSC Section 13112 provides for misdemeanor convictions and reads as follows:
"Every person who violates any provision of this chapter, or any order, rule, or regulation made pursuant to this chapter, is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars ($100) or more than five hundred dollars ($500), or by imprisonment for not more than six months, or by both. A person is guilty of a separate offense each day during which he or she commits, continues, or permits a violation of any provision of, or any order, rule, or regulation made pursuant to, this chapter."
Thus, a violation of a provision of Title 24 shown as adopted by SFM is punishable as a misdemeanor.

Remember that the application of penalties is generally limited to violations of that segment of law (part, chapter, division, etc.) where the penalties are established.

Further, the penalties are limited to violations of the building standards adopted to implement that segment of law. There are building standards within Title 24 that are implementing state laws that do not provide for criminal penalties. Some laws provide for only injunctive relief or civil penalties, and not criminal penalties.

For additional information regarding criminal penalties for violations of Title 24, read HSC Sections 13199, 13190.4, 18700, and 19997.

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54 Civil Penalties and Injunctions
Following are examples of some civil penalties and injunctive relief provided in state law for violation of the building codes.

Government Code Sections 4450 through 4461 establish that publicly funded buildings, sidewalks and housing must provide for accessibility as required by regulations promulgated by the Division of the State Architect (DSA). Such regulations, or building standards, are found primarily in California Building Code Chapter 11B (Part 2 of Title 24).

Health and Safety Code Sections 19953 and 19954 authorize any person who is aggrieved or potentially aggrieved by a violation of accessibility provisions, or the district attorney, city attorney, county counsel or the Attorney General, to bring an action to enjoin (meaning to obtain a court order to stop) those accessibility violations.

HSC Section 19955 establishes that places of public accommodation (i.e., privately owned buildings open to the public) must be designed and constructed to provide accessibility for persons with disabilities. HSC Section 19958.6 establishes that a person who violates Section 19955 (and other sections) or "any of the regulations that have been promulgated by the State Architect pursuant to Section 4450 of the Government Code and approved by the California Building Standards Commission shall be subject to a civil penalty of two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500) for each violation."
Government Code Section 12955.1(a) reads in part, "For purposes of Section 12955, ‘discrimination’ includes, but is not limited to, a failure to design and construct a covered multifamily dwelling in a manner that allows access to, and use by, disabled persons." Government Code Section 12955 makes it unlawful to discriminate in housing sales, rent or lease, based on disabilities. Government Code Section 12980 provides that civil actions may be brought in the court of competent jurisdiction by the Department of Fair Employment and Housing for violations of Government Code Sections 12955, 12955.1 and 12955.7. A civil action may also be brought by any person aggrieved by violations under Government Code Section 12989.1. The courts may sanction violators with civil penalties.

California Civil Code Section 54.3 establishes civil penalties for each violation of a person’s rights under Civil Code Sections 54, 54.1 and 54.2, which can include a violation of building standards requiring accessibility in places of public accommodation and housing accommodation. The code violation constitutes an act of discrimination. The amount of the civil penalty is determined by a jury, or the court sitting without a jury, up to a maximum of three times the amount of actual damages but in no case less than one thousand dollars ($1,000), and attorney fees.

For additional information regarding civil remedies (other than criminal penalties) for violations of building laws, read HSC Sections 13250, 19953, 19954, 19958.5 and 19958.6, Government Code Sections 12956.2, 12980, 12981 and 12987, and Civil Code Sections 54, 54.1, 54.2, 55 and 55.1. Access these codes at the California Legislative Information website leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/home.xhtml.

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55 Appendix A - Self-evaluation Quiz
Visit the link or scan the QR code below to test your knowledge of the use and application of Title 24.

Guide to Title 24 Quiz
or
Questions may be answered from the information provided in this guide and using the graphics below or within the 2022 California Building Code, Part 2 of Title 24.

Quiz results can be viewed upon completion of the online quiz. Questions answered correctly will confirm understanding of Title 24, while questions answered incorrectly will identify areas needing additional study. Answers are also provided in Appendix B, along with the Guide location for more information or a brief explanation of the answer.

Questions 21 through 31 are based on the Matrix Adoption Table for Chapter 10 of the 2022 California Building Code shown in part below.

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56 Questions 32 through 35 are based on the 2022 California Building Code, Chapter 10 text shown below.
1009.8.1 System requirements. Two-way communication systems shall provide communication between each required location and the fire command center or a central control point location approved by the fire department. Where the central control point is not a constantly attended location, the two-way communication system shall have timed, automatic telephone dial-out capability that provides two-way communication with an approved supervising station or 9-1-1. The twoway communication system shall include both audible and visible signals.
1009.8.1.1 Visible communication method. [DSA-AC and HCD 1-AC] A button complying with Section 1138A.4 or Sections 11B-205 and 11B309 in the area of refuge shall activate both a light in the area of refuge indicating that rescue has been requested and a light at the central control point indicating that rescue is being requested. A button at the central control point shall activate both a light at the central control point and a light in the area of refuge indicating that the request has been received.
1009.8.2 Directions. Directions for the use of the two-way communication system, instructions for summoning assistance via the two-way communication system and written identification of the location shall be posted adjacent to the two-way communication system.

Signage shall comply with Chapter 11A, Section 1143A or Section 11B703.5 requirements for visual characters.

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57 Appendix B - Self-evaluation Quiz Answers

1. a Introduction to Title 24

2. b “

3. d “

4. c “

5. b About the Guide to Title 24

6. b Introduction to Title 24

7. c Introduction and How to Use Title 24

8. d Introduction to Title 24

9. a “

10. c “

11. a “

12. c Introduction and How to Use Title 24

13. a How to Use Title 24

14. c Introduction and How to Use Title 24

15. b “

16. c “

17. a “

18. d “

19. a “

20. c “

21. d In the Matrix Adoption Table, an "X" appears in the row "Adoption entire chapter" under BSC.

22. c In the Matrix Adoption Table there is no "X" in the top three rows under BSCC, thus no adoption.

23. a In the Matrix Adoption Table, an "X" appears in the HCD 1 column opposite "Adopt Entire Chapter as amended (amended sections listed below)". This means the chapter is adopted in whole and marked sections are amended.

24. a In the Matrix Adoption Table, an "X" appears in the SFM column opposite "Adopt Entire Chapter as amended (amended sections listed below)." An "X" appears for sections 1003.2, 1003.3.1 and others.

25. c In the Matrix Adoption Table, an "X" appears in the HCD 2 column opposite "Adopt Entire Chapter as amended (amended sections listed below)." The acronym "HCD 2" identifies adoptions by HCD with application to permanent buildings in mobile home parks according to 2022 California Building Code Section 1.8.2.1.3.

26. b In the Matrix Adoption Table, an "X" appears in the HCD 1 column opposite "Adopt Entire Chapter as amended (amended sections listed below)." An "X" appears opposite Section 1003.3.4. The acronym HCD 1 applies to hotels, motels, apartments and dwellings according to 2022 California Building Code Section 1.8.2.1.1.

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58 27. c In the Matrix Adoption Table, HCD 1-AC adopts the entire Chapter with amendments. The acronym HCD 11AC identifies accessibility adoptions applicable to multifamily dwellings (2022 CBC Section 1.8.2.1.2).

28. b In the Matrix Adoption Table, an "X" appears in the DSA-AC column opposite "Adopt only those sections that are listed below." The acronym DSA-AC identifies adoptions with accessibility requirements applicable to public buildings, public accommodations, commercial facilities and publicly funded housing (2022 CBC Section 1.9).

29. b The agency with adoption authority for this subject is HCD. HCD 1 adoptions apply to single-family dwellings. The entire chapter is adopted as amended under HCD 1. DSA-SS adoptions do not apply to off-campus housing occupancies. 30 a Accessibility in retail occupancies is within the adoption authority of DSA-AC. An "X" appears opposite "Adopt only those sections that are listed below" in the DSA-AC column. Section 1004.9 is not a listed section under DSA-AC.

31. c DSA-SS adoptions apply to specific building uses including public school buildings as explained in Section 1.9.2 of the 2022 California Building Code.

32. b The upright type style identifies the text as model code text.

33. b The italic type style identifies the text as being a California amendment.

34. a Within the text, the state agency acronyms DSA-AC and HCD 1-AC are included.

An experience code user will recognize that both acronyms relate to accessibility adoptions. Otherwise, the code user will need to read CBC Sections 1.8 and 1.9 to learn the meaning of the two acronyms.

35. c Whenever there is a California amendment without a state agency acronym to identify the state agency adopting the amendment, the only way to determine the identity of the agency is to refer to the Matrix Adoption Table.

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DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SERVICES CALIFORNIA GOVERNOR GAVIN NEWSOM

BUILDING STANDARDS COMMISSION
2525 Natomas Park Drive, Suite 130
Sacramento, California 95833-2936
(916) 263-0916
April 5, 2023
Town of Los Altos Hills
Building Department
Sofia Magalam, Planning and Building Director
26379 Fremont Road
Los Altos Hills, CA 94022
[email protected]
Re: Ordinance #s 604, 605, and 607
Dear: Ms. Magalam,
The purpose of this letter is to provide the determination of the California Building Standards Commission (CBSC) following review of the ordinance referenced above with express findings received from Town of Los Altos Hills on 12/1/22 and 12/19/22.

Our review finds the submittal to contain three ordinances modifying provisions of the 2022 California Building Standards Code, Title 24, California Code of Regulations (Title 24), including express findings and expressly marked modifications in compliance with Health and Safety Code (HSC) Sections 17958.7 and 18941.5. The code modifications are accepted for filing. This letter attests only to the satisfaction of the cited law for filing of expressly marked local code amendments supported by express findings with CBSC. CBSC is not authorized by law to evaluate the merit of the findings.

Local modifications to the code are specific to each edition of the code. Local modifications must be readopted and filed with CBSC for each subsequent triennial edition of the code to remain in effect.

Additional information: Fire Protection District ordinances making modifications to Title 24, HSC Section 13869.7 requires such ratified ordinances and express findings to be filed with the Department of Housing and Community Development, Division of Codes and Standards, State Housing Law Program, rather than CBSC. Ordinances making modifications to the energy efficiency and conservation provisions in the California Energy Code, Part 6 of Title 24, may require approval from the California Energy Commission pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 25402.1(h)(2).

If you have questions or need further information, you may contact me at (916) 263-0916.

Sincerely,
Brandon Estes
Associate Construction Analyst
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ORDINANCE 558
AN. ORDINANCE OF THE TOWN OF LOS ALTOS HILLS AMENDING
TITLE IV (PUBLIC SAFETY), CHAPTER 2, SECTION 4- 2. 116( A) AND REPEALING CHAPTERS 1 THROUGH 9 OF TITLE VIII OF THE LOS ALTOS HILLS MUNICIPAL CODE AND ADDING CHAPTER 1,
CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE," CHAPTER , 1. 1
CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE ( VOLUMES 1& 2)," CHAPTER 1. 2 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE," CHAPTER 1. 3, " CALIFORNIA ELECTRICAL CODE," CHAPTER 1. 4 " CALIFORNIA MECHANICAL
CODE," CHAPTER 1. 5 " CALIFORNIA. PLUMBING CODE,"- CHAPTER

1. 6 " CALIFORNIA ENERGY CODE," CHAPTER 1. 7 " CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL BUILDING CODE," CHAPTER 1. 8 " CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE," CHAPTER 1. 9 " CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE," CHAPTER 1. 10 " CALIFORNIA GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS
CODE," CHAPTER 1. 11 " CALIFORNIA REFERENCED STANDARDS
CODE," CHAPTER 2 " SAFETY ASSESSMENT PLACARDS," CHAPTER 3 " MOVING ' OF BUILDINGS," CHAPTER 4 " GREEN BUILDING
REGULATIONS," CHAPTER 5 " BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
STANDARDS," CHAPTER 6 . " SIGNS AND ADVERTISING
STRUCTURES," CHAPTER 7 " BUILDING- CONSTRUCTION AND
STRUCTURAL ADDITION CHARGE," AND CHAPTER . 8; " CODE
ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT" TO TITLE VIII OF THE

LOS ALTOS HILLS MUNICIPAL CODE, WHICH ADOPTS AND
AMENDS BY REFERENCE PROVISIONS OF THE 2013 CALIFORNIA

BUILDING STANDARDS CODE AND LOCAL AMENDMENTS AND

THE- REORGANIZATION AND RENUMBERING OF EXISTING

STATUTES IN TITLE VIII NOT RELATED TO THE CODE UPDATE
WHEREAS, the 2013 Edition of the California Building Standards Code, has been amended and adopted by the California Building Standards Commission; and WHEREAS, the Town of Los Altos Hills (" Town") wishes to adopt building code regulations, in accordance with law and to use the most updated regulations in the processing of development in the Town; and
WHEREAS, Government Code § 50022. 2 authorizes cities to enact ordinances adopting any code by reference; and
WHEREAS, because of the Town' s unique climatic, topographic and geologic. conditions, the Town desires to make amendments and additions to the 2013 Edition of the California Building Standards Code, as set forth herein; and WHEREAS, pursuant to California Health and Safety Code sections 18941. 5 and 17958, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills hereby. finds that the amendments adopted herein are reasonably necessary because of. the following local climatic, topographic and geologic conditions:

Ordinance 558 Page 1
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1. The Town of Los Altos Hills experiences low humidity, high winds and warm temperatures during the summer months creating conditions which are particularly conducive to the ignition and spread of grass, brush and structure fires.

2. The remoteness and steepness of hillside areas in the Town significantly impacts the ability of emergency responders to extinguish or control wildland or structure fires.

These factors cumulatively mandate special provisions for Fire Department access, fire protection water supplies, automatic fire sprinklers and fire retardant roof coverings.

3. The Town of Los Altos Hills is geographically situated adjacent to active earthquake faults capable of producing substantial seismic events. Since the Town is divided by a freeway and other major traffic corridors, the occurrence of a major earthquake would significantly impact the ability of fire crews to respond to emergencies should one or more bridges collapse or be substantially damaged.

4. Fire suppression capabilities will be severely limited should the water system be extensively damaged during the seismic event.

5. Roofs that are not fire- retardant contribute to the spread of fires, and therefore pose a risk to the safety ofthe Town' s citizens and their property.

WHEREAS, prior to the effective date of this ordinance, the City Clerk shall file a copy ofthe ordinance, with the California Building Standards Commission; and WHEREAS, in accordance with Health and Safety Code section 17958. 7, the City Council hereby finds that each of the above findings is applicable to each of the modifications to the 2013 Edition ofthe California Building Standards Code described in this ordinance; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the -Town of Los Altos Hills finds that this project is exempt from the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (" CEQA"), pursuant to Section 15061( b)( 3) of the CEQA Guidelines, because it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the ordinance will have a significant effect on the environment.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby ORDAIN as follows:

1. AMENDMENT OF CODE. Section 4- 2. 116( a) of Chapter 2 ( Fire Prevention) of Title 4 Public Safety) of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code is hereby amended to read as follows:
4- 2. 116( a) Brush and vegetative growth- Clearance from structures and roadways. a) Required. Any person owning, leasing, controlling, operating, or maintaining any buildings or structures in, upon, or adjoining any hazardous fire area, and any person Ordinance 558 Page 2
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owning, leasing, or controlling any land adjacent to such buildings or structures shall at all times:
1) Maintain around and adjacent to such buildings or structures an effective firebreak made by removing and clearing away, for a distance therefrom of not less than thirty( 30) feet on each side thereof, all flammable vegetation or other combustible growth. The provisions of this section shall not apply to single specimens of trees, ornamental shrubbery, or similar plants used as ground cover provided they do not form a means of rapidly transmitting fire from the native growth to any structure; 2) Maintain around and adjacent to such buildings or structures additional fire protection or firebreaks made by removing all brush, flammable vegetation, or combustible growth located from thirty ( 30) feet to one hundred ( 100) feet from such buildings or structures as may be required by the Chief when he or she finds that because of extra hazardous conditions a firebreak of only thirty( 30) feet around such structures is not sufficient to provide reasonable fire safety. Grass and other vegetation located more than thirty ( 3 0) feet from such buildings or structures and less than eighteen ( 18) inches in height above the ground may be maintained where necessary to stabilize the soil and prevent erosion;
3) Remove that portion of any tree which extends within ten ( 10) feet of the outlet of any chimney;
4) Maintain any tree adjacent to or overhanging any building free of deadwood; 5) Maintain the roof of any structure free of leaves, needles, or other dead vegetative growth;
6) The Chief may require the removal of all flammable vegetation or other combustible growth within ten ( 10) feet on each side of any roadway and at such other places upon any property as he or she may deem necessary to prevent or avoid fire damages to adjoining properties or undue hardships in fighting fires. The provisions of this section shall not apply to single specimens of trees, ornamental shrubbery, or cultivated ground cover, such as grass, ivy, succulents, or similar plants used as ground cover, provided they do not form a means ofreadily transmitting fire; 7) Remove flammable vegetation a minimum of ten ( 10) feet around liquefied petroleum gas tanks/ containers.
8) Firewood and combustible materials shall not be stored in unenclosed spaces beneath buildings or structures, or on decks or under eaves, canopies or other projections or overhangs. The storage of firewood and combustible material within the defensible space shall be located a minimum of thirty ( 30) feet from structures and separated from the crown of trees by a minimum horizontal distance of fifteen( 15) feet.

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ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 22

Exception: Firewood and combustible materials not for consumption on the premises shall be stored as approved by the fire code official; and 9) Clear areas within ten ( 10) feet of fire apparatus access roads and driveways of nonfire- resistive vegetation growth.

Exception: Grass and other vegetation located more than thirty (30) feet from buildings or structures and less than eighteen ( 18) inches in height above the ground need not be removed where necessary to stabilize the soil and prevent erosion.

As used in this subsection, " roadway" shall mean that portion of a public or private road designed or ordinarily used for vehicular travel.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 1 of Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code, `Building Code" is hereby repealed in its entirety.

2. Chapter 1, " California Administrative Code," is hereby added to Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code to read as follows:

Chapter 1 CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
8- 1. 01 Adoption of the 2013 California Administrative Code. a. The 2013 California Administrative Code, Part 1, a portion of the California Building Standards Code, Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, as defined in the California State Health and Safety Code Section 18901 et seq., ( hereinafter referred to as the " Administrative Code"), and any rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto are hereby adopted and incorporated by reference herein. b. One copy ofthe Administrative Code shall be kept on file at the City of Los Altos Hills.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 1. 1, " California Building Code ( Volumes 1 & 2)" is hereby added to Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code to read as follows:

Chapter 1. 1 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE ( Volumes 1 & 2)
8- 1. 1. 01 Adoption of 2013 California Building Code ( Volumes 1 & 2).

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ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 22

a) The 2013 California Building Code, Part 2, Volumes 1 and 2, a portion of the California Building Standards Code, Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, as defined in the California State Health and Safety Code Section 18901 et seq., ( hereinafter referred to as the " Building Code"), including Appendix G-Flood-Resistant Construction, Appendix H-Signs, Appendix I-Patio Covers, and Appendix J- Grading and any rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto are hereby adopted and incorporated by reference herein.
b) One copy ofthe Building Code shall be kept on file at the City of Los Altos Hills. 8- 1. 1. 02 Amended sections of adopted codes.

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 8- 1. 1. 01, the Building Code is amended as follows:

A. Section 1505. 1. 3 is amended to read as follows:
1505. 1. 3 Roof coverings within all other areas. The entire roof covering of every existing structure where more than 50 percent ofthe total roof area is replaced within any one- year period, the entire roof covering of every new structure, and any roof covering applied in the alteration, repair or replacement of the roof of every existing structure, shall be a fire-retardant roof covering that is at least Class A.

B. Sections 3405. 6, 3405. 6. 1, 3405. 6. 2 and 3405. 6. 3 are added to read as follows:
3405.6 Seismic Evaluation and Design Procedures for Repairs. The seismic evaluation and design shall be based on the procedures specified in the California Building Code, ASCE 31 Seismic Evaluation ofExisting Buildings ( for evaluation only) or ASCE 41 Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings. The procedures contained in Chapter A of the 2012 International Existing Building Code shall be permitted to be used as specified in Section 3403. 5. 1. 1. 3
3405. 6. 1 Compliance with CBC level seismic forces. Where compliance with the seismic design provisions of the California Building Code is required, the procedures shall be in accordance with one of the following:
1) One-hundred percent of the values in the California Building Code. Where the existing seismic force- resisting system is a type that can be designated as Ordinary," the values of R, S2o, and Cd used for analysis in accordance with Chapter 16 of the California Building Code shall be those specified for structural.systems classified as " Ordinary" in accordance with Table 12. 2- 1 of ASCE 7, unless it is demonstrated that the structural system will provide performance equivalent to that of a " Detailed," " Intermediate" or " Special" system.
2) Compliance with ASCE 41 using both BSE- 1 and BSE- 2 earthquake hazard levels and the corresponding performance levels in Table 3405. 6. 1.

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ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 22

TABLE 3405. 6. 1

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR CBC LEVEL SEISMIC FORCES

OCCUPANCY CATEGORY PERFORMANCE LEVEL PERFORMANCE LEVEL
BASED ON CBC TABLE FOR USE WITH ASCE 41 FOR USE WITH ASCE 41 1604. 5) BSE- 1 EARTHQUAKE BSE-2 EARTHQUAKE

HAZARD LEVEL HAZARD LEVEL
I Life Safety( LS) Collapse Prevention( CP)
II Life Safety( LS) Collapse Prevention( CP)
III Note( a) Note ( a)
IV Immediate Occupancy( IO) Immediate Occupancy( IO)
a) Acceptance criteria for Occupancy Category III shall be taken as 80 percent of the acceptance criteria specified for Occupancy Category II performance levels, but need not be less than the acceptance criteria specified for Occupancy Category IV performance levels.
3405. 6.2 Compliance with reduced CBC level seismic forces. Where seismic evaluation and design is permitted to meet reduced California Building Code seismic force levels, the procedures used shall be in accordance with one of the following:
1) The California Building Code using 75 percent of the prescribed forces.

Values of R, Do, and Cd used for analysis shall be as specified in Section 3405. 6. 1 Item 1.
2) Structures or portions of structures that comply with the requirements of the applicable chapter in Chapter A of the 2012 International Existing Building Code as specified in Items ( a) through ( e) below shall be deemed to comply with this section.
a) The seismic evaluation and design of unreinforced masonry bearing wall buildings in Occupancy Category I or II are permitted to be based on the procedures specified in Chapter Al.
b) Seismic evaluation and design of the wall anchorage system in reinforced concrete. and reinforced masonry wall buildings with flexible diaphragms in Occupancy Category I or II are permitted to be based on the procedures specified in Chapter A2.
c) Seismic evaluation and design of cripple walls and sill plate anchorage in residential buildings of light-frame wood construction in Occupancy Category I or II are permitted to be based on the ,procedures specified in Chapter A3.

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ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 22

d) Seismic evaluation and design of soft, weak, or open-front wall conditions in multiunit residential buildings of wood construction in Occupancy Category I or II are permitted to be based on the procedures' specified in Chapter A4.
e) Seismic evaluation and design of concrete buildings in all Occupancy Categories are permitted to be based on the procedures specified in Chapter A5.
3) Compliance with ASCE 31 based on the applicable performance level as shown in Table 3405. 6.2. It shall be permitted to use the BSE- 1 earthquake hazard level as defined in ASCE 41 and subject to the limitations in item 4 below. 4) Compliance with ASCE 41 using the BSE- 1 Earthquake Hazard Level defined in ASCE 41 and the performance level as shown in Table 3405. 6.2. The design spectral response acceleration parameters Sxs and Sxl specified in ASCE 41shall not be taken less than 75 percent of the respective design spectral response acceleration parameters SDS and SDI as defined by the California Building Code and its reference standards.

TABLE 3405. 6. 2

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR REDUCED CBC

LEVEL SEISMIC FORCES

OCCUPANCY CATEGORY PERFORMANCE LEVEL PERFORMANCE LEVEL
BASED ON CBC FOR USE WITH ASCE 31 FOR USE WITH ASCE 41
TABLE 1604. 5) BSE- 1 EARTHQUAKE BSE- 2 EARTHQUAKE

HAZARD LEVEL HAZARD LEVEL
I Life Safety( LS) Life Safety( LS)
II Life Safety( LS) Life Safety( LS)
III Note ( a), Note (b) Note (a)
IV Immediate Occupancy( IO) Immediate Occupancy( IO)
a) Acceptance criteria for Occupancy Category III shall be taken as 80 percent of the acceptance criteria specified for Occupancy Category II performance levels, but need not be less than the acceptance criteria specified for Occupancy Category IV performance levels.
b) For Occupancy Category III, the ASCE screening phase checklists shall be based on the life safety performance level.

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ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 22

3405. 6. 3 Referenced Standards.

Standard Referenced in code
Reference Number Title Section Number
ASCE 31- 03 Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings 3405. 6. 1, TABLE 3405. 6. 1
3405.2.4.2,
TABLE 3405. 6.2
ASCE 41- 06 Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings 3405. 6. 1, Including TABLE 3405. 6. 1
Supplement No. 1 3405. 6. 2,
TABLE 3405. 6. 2
NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 1. 2 of Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code, " Residential Code" is hereby repealed in its entirety.

2. Chapter 1. 2, " California Residential Code," is hereby added to Title VIII ofthe Los Altos Hills Municipal Code to read as follows:

Chapter 1. 2 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE
8- 1. 2. 01 Adoption of 2013 California Residential Code. a) The 2013 California Residential Code, Part 2. 5, Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, a portion of the California Building Standards Code, as defined in the California State Health and Safety Code Section 18901 et seq., ( hereinafter referred to as the " Residential Code"), including Appendix E-Manufactured Housing Used as Dwellings, Appendix G- Swimming Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs, Appendix H-Patio Covers, and Appendix J- Existing Buildings and Structures and any rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto are hereby adopted and incorporated by reference herein. b) One copy of the Residential Code shall be kept on file at the City of Los Altos Hills. 8- 1. 2. 02 Amended sections of adopted codes.

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 8- 1. 2. 01, the Residential Code is amended as follows:

A. Section R313. 2 is amended to read:

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ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 22

R313. 2 One and two-family dwellings automatic fire sprinkler systems. An automatic residential fire sprinkler system shall be installed in all new one- and two-family dwellings and in existing one- and two-family dwellings where during the process of a remodel and/ or addition, the existing roof structure ( joists, rafters, etc.) is removed over an area that exceeds 75% ofthe existing dwelling floor area.

Exception: An automatic residential fire sprinkler system shall be required for additions or alterations to existing buildings that are already provided with an automatic residential fire sprinkler system.

B. Section R902. 1. 3 is amended to read as follows:

R902. 1. 3 Roof coverings in all other areas. The entire roof covering of every existing structure where more than 50 percent of the total roof area is replaced within any oneyear period, the entire roof covering of every new structure, and any roof covering applied in the alteration, repair or replacement of the roof of every existing structure, shall be a fire-retardant roof covering that is at least Class A.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby further ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 1. 3 of Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code, " Green Building Regulations" is hereby repealed in its entirety.

2. Chapter 1. 3, " California Electrical Code," is hereby added to Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code to read as follows:

Chapter 1. 3 CALIFORNIA ELECTRICAL CODE
8- 1. 4. 01 Adoption of 2013 California Electrical Code. a) The 2013 California Electrical Code, Part 3, Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, a portion of the California Building Standards Code, as defined in the California State Health and Safety Code Section 18901 et seq., ( hereinafter referred to as the " Electrical Code"), and any rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto are hereby adopted and incorporated by reference herein.
b) One copy of the Electrical Code shall be kept on file at the City of Los Altos Hills.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby further ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 1. 4 of Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code, " California Green Building Standards Code ( CalGreen)," is hereby repealed in its entirety.

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ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 22

2. Chapter 1. 4, " California Mechanical Code," is hereby added to Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code to read as follows:

Chapter 1. 4 CALIFORNIA MECHANICAL CODE
8- 1. 4. 01 Adoption of 2013 California Mechanical Code. a) The 2013 California Mechanical Code, Part 4, Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, a portion of the California Building Standards Code, as defined in the California State Health and Safety Code Section 18901 et seq., ( hereinafter referred to as the " Mechanical Code"), and any rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto are hereby adopted and incorporated by reference herein.
b) One copy ofthe Mechanical Code shall be kept on file at the City of Los Altos Hills.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby further ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter' 1. 5 of Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code, " Housing Code," is hereby repealed in its entirety.

2. Chapter 1. 5, " California Plumbing Code," is hereby added to Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code to read as follows:

Chapter 1. 5 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE
8- 1. 5. 01 Adoption of 2013 California Plumbing Code.
a) The 2013 California Plumbing Code, Part 5, Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, a portion of the California Building Standards Code, as defined in the California State Health and Safety Code Section 18901 et seq., ( hereinafter referred to as the " Plumbing Code"), and any rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto are hereby adopted and incorporated by reference herein.
b) One copy ofthe Plumbing Code shall be kept on file at the City of Los Altos Hills. 8- 1. 5. 02 Amended sections of adopted code.

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 8- 1. 5. 01, the Plumbing Code is amended as follows:

A. Section 719. 1 is amended to read:
719. 1 Locations. Cleanouts shall be placed inside the building near the connection between the building drain and the building sewer or installed outside the building at the lower end ofthe building drain and extended to grade.

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Additional building sewer cleanouts shall be installed at intervals not to exceed 100 feet in straight runs, for each aggregate horizontal change in direction exceeding 135 degrees, and at the property line where the private sewer system connects to the publicallymaintained sanitary sewer lateral. All such cleanouts shall be extended to grade with materials and according to specifications approved by the sewer agency and shall terminate with a concrete box.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby further ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 1. 6, " Energy Code," is hereby added to Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code to read' as follows:

Chapter 1. 6 CALIFORNIA ENERGY CODE
8- 1. 6. 01 Adoption of 2013 California Energy Code.
a) The 2013 California Energy Code, Part 6, Title 24 ofthe California Code of Regulations, a portion of the California Building Standards Code, as defined in the California State Health and Safety Code Section 18901 et seq., ( hereinafter referred to as the " Energy Code"), and any rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto are hereby adopted and incorporated by reference herein.
b) One copy of the Energy Code shall be kept on file at the City of Los Altos Hills.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby further ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 1. 7 of Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code, " Energy Code," is hereby repealed in its entirety.

2. Chapter 1. 7, " California Historical Building Code," is hereby added to Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code to read as follows:

Chapter 1. 7 CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL BUILDING CODE
8- 1. 7. 01 Adoption of California Historical Building Code. a) The 2013 California Historical Building Code, Part 8, Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, a portion of the California Building Standards Code, as defined in the California State Health and Safety Code Section 18901 et seq., ( hereinafter referred to as the " Historical Building Code"), and any rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto are hereby adopted and incorporated by reference herein.

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ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 22

b) One copy of the Historic Building Code shall be kept on file at the City of Los Altos Hills.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby further ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 1. 8 of Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code, " Safety Assessment Placards," is hereby repealed in its entirety.

2. Chapter 1. 8, " California Fire Code," is hereby added to Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code to read as follows:

Chapter 1. 8 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE
8- 1. 8. 01 Adoption of 2013 California Fire Code.
a) The 2013 California Fire Code, Part 9, Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, a portion of the California Building Standards Code, as defined in the California State Health and Safety Code Section 18901 et seq., ( hereafter, the Fire Code or CFC), and also the 2012 International Fire Code, published by the International Code Council, including Appendix B, Appendix C and Appendix K (hereinafter referred to as the " Fire Code") and any rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto are hereby adopted and incorporated by reference herein.
b) One copy ofthe Fire Code shall be kept on file at the City of Los Altos Hills. 8- 1. 8. 02 Amended sections of adopted code.

Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 8- 1. 8. 01, the following sections of Fire Code are amended as follows:

A. Section 106. 5 is added to read as follows:
106. 5 Final Inspection. No final inspection as to all or any portion of a development shall be deemed completed until the installation of the required fire protection facilities and access ways have been completed and approved. No final certificate of occupancy may be granted until the Fire Department issues notice of final clearance of such fire protection facilities and access ways, as required by the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code, to the Town' s Building Department.

B. Section 108. 1 is amended to read as follows:
108. 1 Board of appeals established. In order to hear and decide appeals of orders, decisions or determinations made by the fire code official relative to the application and interpretation of this code, there shall be and is hereby created a board of appeals. The board of appeals, as it appears in this code, shall be deemed and construed to mean the Ordinance 558 Page 12
ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 22

City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills. The fire code official shall be an ex officio member of said board but shall have no vote on any matter before the board. The board shall adopt rules of procedure for conducting its business and shall render all decisions and findings in writing to the appellant with a duplicate copy to the fire code official.

C. Section 108. 3, Qualifications, is deleted in its entirety.

D. Section 109. 4 is amended to read as follows:
109. 4 Violation Penalties. Persons who shall violate a provision of this code or shall fail to comply with any of the requirements thereof or who shall erect, install, alter, repair or do work in violation of the approved construction documents or directive of the fire code official, or of a permit or certificate used under provisions of this code, shall be guilty of a' misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punishable as set forth in' Title 1, Chapter 2 ofthe Los Altos Hills Municipal Code.

E. Section 109. 4. 1 is amended to read as follows:
109. 4. 1 Abatement of Violation. In addition to the imposition of the penalties herein described, the fire code official is authorized to institute appropriate action to prevent unlawful construction or to restrain, correct or abate a violation; or to prevent illegal occupancy of a structure or premises; or to stop an illegal act, conduct of business or Occupancy of a structure on or about any premises. If any person fails to comply with the order of the fire code official, or in the event that the.fire code official is unable to locate the responsible person within a reasonable time, the fire code official may take such steps to abate a fire hazard or health hazard as are necessary for the protection of the public health and safety.- In no event is notice necessary before abatement when the fire hazard constitutes a clear and present danger to the public welfare. The cost of any such abatement is a debt to the Town, of the owner of the premises or who, by his or her act or inaction, caused the fire hazard. The cost of the abatement shall. become a lien on the premises, when the need for the abatement and the amount of the cost have been established.

F. Section 202 is amended by adding or amending the following definitions:

Administrator means the City Manager of the Town of Los Altos Hills or his or her designated representative.

Chief or Fire Chief or fire code official means the Fir_e Chief retained by the Los Altos Hills County Fire District or designated representative.

Chief of Police means the Sheriff of the County of Santa Clara with whom the Town contracts for police services, or his or her designated representative.

Corporation Counsel means the City Attorney for the Town.

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ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 22

Fire Department means the Fire Department retained by the Los Altos Hills County Fire District.

Jurisdiction means the Town of Los Altos Hills.

Police Department means the Sheriff' s Department of the County of Santa Clara with whom the Town contracts for police service.

G. Chapter 4 of the 2012 International Fire Code is not adopted.

H. Section 503. 1 is amended to read as follows:
503. 1 Where required. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided and maintained in accordance with Sections 503. 1. 1 through 503. 1. 2 and as per Fire Department access road Standards.

I. Section 503. 2. 1 is amended to read as follows:
503. 2. 1 Dimensions. Fire apparatus access roads shall have an unobstructed width of not less than 20 feet ( 6, 096 mm), exclusive of shoulders, except for approved security gates in accordance with Section 503. 6, and an unobstructed vertical clearance of 13 feet 6 inches ( 4, 115 mm).

Exception: When there are not more than two Group R, Division 3, or Group U occupancies, the access road width may be modified by the fire code official.

J. Section 912. 2 is amended to read as follows:
912. 2 Location. With respect to hydrants, driveways, buildings and landscaping, fire department connections shall be so located that fire apparatus and hose connected to supply the system will not obstruct access to the building for other fire apparatus. The location of fire department connections shall be approved by the fire code official.

K. Section 4902. 1 is amended to read as follows:

Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area. A geographical area identified by the state as a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone" in accordance with the Public Resources Code Sections 4201 through 4204 and Government Code Sections 51175 through 51189, or other areas designated by the enforcing agency to be at a significant risk from wildfires.

The Wildland- Urban Interface Fire Area shall be defined as all areas within the Town of Los Altos Hills as set forth and delineated on the map entitled " Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area" which map and all notations, references, data and other information shown thereon are hereby adopted and made a part of this chapter. The map properly attested, shall be on file in the Office of the City Clerk ofthe Town of Los Altos Hills. a
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L. Section 4906.2 is amended as follows:
4906. 2 Application. Buildings and structures located in the following areas shall maintain the required hazardous vegetation and fuel management:
1) All unincorporated lands designated by the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection as State Responsibility Areas (SRA) including:

1. 1. Moderate Fire Hazard Severity Zones

1. 2. High Fire Hazard Severity Zones

1. 3. Very-High Fire Hazard Severity Zones
2) Land designated as a Very- High Fire Hazard Severity Zone or as a Wildland Urban Interface Fire Area by the Town of Los Altos Hills.

M: Section 5704.2.9. 6. 1 is amended to read as follows:
5704. 2.9. 6. 1 Locations where above- ground tanks are prohibited. The storage of Class I and II liquids in above- ground tanks outside of buildings is prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits of districts in which such storage is prohibited (see Section 3 of the Sample Legislation for Adoption of the California Fire Code on page xxvi). The limits referred to above, in which the storage of flammable or combustible liquids in above-ground tanks is prohibited, are hereby established as all locations within the Town of Los Altos Hills located within a " Very-High Fire Hazard Severity Zone" as designated on the state adopted CALFIRE Maps.

N. Section 5706. 2. 4. 4 is amended to read as follows:
5706. 2. 4. 4 Locations where above- ground tanks are prohibited. The storage of Class I and II liquids in above-ground tanks is prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits of districts in which such storage is prohibited ( see Section 3 of the Sample Legislation for Adoption of the California Fire Code on page xxvi). The limits referred to above, in which the storage of flammable or combustible liquids in above-ground tanks is prohibited, are hereby established as all locations within the Town of Los Altos Hills located within a " Very-High Fire Hazard Severity Zone" as designated on the state adopted CALFIRE Maps.

O. Section 5806. 2 is amended to read as follows:
5806. 2 Limitations. The storage of flammable cryogenic fluids in stationary containers outside of buildings is prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits of districts in which such storage is prohibited ( see Section 3 of the Sample Legislation for Adoption of the California Fire Code on page xxi). The limits referred to above, in which the storage of flammable cryogenic fluids in stationary containers is prohibited, are hereby established as all locations within the Town of Los Altos Hills located within a Ordinance 558 Page 15
ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 22

Very-High Fire Hazard Severity Zone" as designated on the state adopted CALFIRE Maps.

P. Section 6104. 2 is amended to read as follows:
6104. 2 Maximum capacity within established limits. Within the limits established by law restricting the storage of liquefied petroleum gas for the protection of heavily populated or congested areas, the aggregate capacity of any one installation shall not exceed a water capacity of 2,000 gallons ( 7, 570 liters) ( see Section 3 of the Sample Legislation for Adoption of the California Fire Code on page v). The limits referred to above, in which the storage of liquefied petroleum gas is restricted, are hereby established as all locations within the Town of Los Altos Hills.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby further ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 1. 9, " California Existing Building Code," is hereby added to Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code to read as follows:

Chapter 1. 9 CALIFORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE
8- 1. 9. 01 Adoption of 2013 California Existing Building Code. a) The 2013 California Existing Building Code, Part 10, Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, a portion of the California Building Standards Code, as defined in the California State Health and Safety Code Section 18901 et seq., ( hereinafter referred to as the " Existing Building Code"), and any rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto are hereby adopted and incorporated by reference herein. b) One copy of the Existing Building Code shall be kept on file at the City of Los Altos Hills.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby further ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 1. 10, " California Green Building Standards Code," is hereby added to Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code to read as follows:

Chapter 1. 10 CALIFORNIA GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS CODE
8- 1. 10. 01 Adoption of 2013 California Green Building Standards Code. a) The 2013 California Green Building Standards Code, Part 11, Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, a portion of the California Building Standards Code, as defined in the California State Health and Safety Code Section 18901 et seq., ( hereinafter referred to Ordinance 558 Page 16
ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 22

as " CALGreen Code"), and any rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto are hereby adopted and incorporated by reference herein.
b) One copy of the CALGreen Code shall be kept on file at the City of Los Altos Hills.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby further ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 1. 11, " California Referenced Standards Code," is hereby added to Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code to read as follows:

Chapter 1. 11 CALIFORNIA REFERENCED STANDARDS CODE
8- 1. 11. 01 Adoption of 2013 California Referenced Standards Code. a) The 2013 California Referenced Standards Code, Part 12, Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, a .portion of the California Building ' Standards Code, as defined in the California State Health and Safety Code Section 18901 et seq., ( hereinafter referred to as Referenced Standards Code"),. and any rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto are hereby adopted and incorporated by reference herein. b) One copy of the Referenced Standards Code shall be kept on file at' the City of Los Altos Hills.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby further ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 2 of Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code, " Electrical Code," is hereby repealed in its entirety.

2. Chapter 2, " Safety Assessment Placards," is hereby added to Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal- Code to read as follows:

Chapter 2 SAFETY ASSESSMENT PLACARDS
8-2. 01 Intent.

This chapter establishes standard placards to be used to indicate the condition of a structure for continued occupancy: The chapter farther authorizes the Building Official and his or her authorized representatives to post the appropriate placard at each entry point to a building or structure upon completion of a safety assessment.
8- 2. 02 Application of Provisions.

The provisions of this chapter are applicable to all buildings and structures of all occupancies Ordinance 558 Page 17
ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 22

regulated by the Town. The City Council may extend the provisions as necessary. 8- 2. 03 Definitions.

Safety assessment is a visual, non-destructive examination of a building or structure for the purpose of determining the condition for continued occupancy.

8.2.04 Placards.
a) The following are verbal descriptions of the official jurisdiction placards to be used to designate the condition for continued occupancy of buildings or structures. 1) INSPECTED - Lawful Occupancy Permitted is to be posted on any building or structure wherein no apparent structural hazard has been found. This placard is not intended to mean that there is no damage to the building or structure. 2) RESTRICTED USE is to be posted on each building or structure that has been damaged wherein the damage has resulted in some form of restriction to the continued occupancy. The individual who posts this placard will note in general terms the type of damage encountered and will clearly and concisely note the restrictions on continued occupancy.
3) UNSAFE - Do Not Enter or Occupy is to be posted on each building or structure that has been damaged such that continued occupancy poses a threat to life safety.

Buildings or structures posted with this placard shall not be entered under any circumstance except as authorized in writing by the Building Official, or his or her authorized representative. Safety assessment teams shall be authorized to enter these buildings at any time. This placard is not to be used or considered as a demolition order. The individual who posts this placard will note in general terms the type of damage encountered.
b) This ordinance number, the name of the jurisdiction, its address, and phone number shall be permanently affixed to each placard.
c) Once it has been attached to a building or structure, a placard is not to be removed, altered or covered until done so by an authorized representative of the Building Official. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to alter, remove, cover or deface a placard unless authorized pursuant to this section.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby further ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 3 of Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code, " Plumbing Code," is hereby repealed in its entirety.

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2. Chapter 3, " Moving of Buildings," is hereby added to Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code to read as follows:

Chapter 3 MOVING OF BUILDINGS
8- 3. 01 Definitions.

For the purposes of this chapter, unless otherwise apparent from the context, certain words and phrases used in this chapter are defined as follows:

Building. A structure designed, built, or occupied as a shelter or roofed enclosure for persons, animals, or property and used for any purpose whatever. A structure containing an enclosed area of less than forty( 40) square feet shall not be deemed a building within the meaning ofthis definition.

Person. Any person, firm, partnership, association, corporation, company, organization, or entity of any kind. (§ 1, Ord. 92)
8- 3. 02 Prohibited.

Except as otherwise provided in Section 8- 3. 03 of this chapter, no person shall move any building over, along, across, or upon any street, alley, or highway in the Town. (§ II, Ord. 92) 8- 3. 03 Prohibited— Exceptions.
a) Permits Required. A permit for the moving of a building upon the streets, alleys, or highways of the Town may be granted in the event both the Planning Commission and the Council find that there are special circumstances existing in connection with the moving of a particular building, that the granting of such permit would be in the best interests of the applicant and the residents of the Town, and that such issuance would involve no unreasonable risk to the public health, safety, and welfare of the residents of the Town.
b) Permits— Applications. The procedure for the application for such permit and for consideration thereof shall be as set forth in Article 9 of Chapter 5 ofTitle 9 of this Code relating to zoning variances.
c) Permits— Issuance. No permit shall be issued unless the Planning Commission and the Council find that the applicable conditions set forth in said Article 9 exist. The Planning Commission and the Council shall consider such matters as they deem relevant to each such application and shall impose any and all conditions deemed necessary as conditions precedent to the granting of any permit applied for pursuant to the provisions ofthis section. (§ III, Ord. 92)
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8- 3. 04 Nuisances.

Any building placed or moved in violation of the provisions of this chapter is hereby declared to be a nuisance and shall be subject to abatement as such. (§ VI, Ord. 92) NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby further ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 4 of Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code, " Mechanical Code," is hereby repealed in its entirety.

2. Chapter 4, " Green Building Regulations," is hereby added to Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code to read as follows:

Chapter 4 GREEN BUILDING REGULATIONS
8- 4. 01 Purpose.

The intent of the Los Altos Hills green building program is to enhance public health and welfare by establishing green building standards for the design, construction, and maintenance of buildings. The green building practices referenced in this chapter are intended to achieve the following goals:
a) To encourage the conservation of natural resources;
b) To reduce waste in landfills generated by construction projects; c) To increase energy efficiency and lower energy usage in buildings; d) To promote a healthier indoor environment;
e) To provide durable buildings that are efficient and economical to operate, and maintain. 8- 4. 02 Applicability.

The provisions of this chapter shall apply to new Town- owned public facilities and new residential primary dwellings and secondary dwellings, where proposed as part of a primary dwelling.
8- 4. 03 Defmitions.

For purposes of this chapter, the following definitions shall apply:

Green building. A whole systems approach to the design, construction, location and operation of buildings and structures that helps to mitigate the environmental, economic, and social impacts of construction, demolition, and renovation. Green building practices recognize the Ordinance 558 Page 20
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relationship between the natural and built environments and seek to minimize the use of energy, water, and other natural resources and promote a healthy, productive indoor environment.

GreenPoint Rated ( GPR). The residential green building rating system developed by Build It Green.

GreenPoint Rated verification. Verification of a project by a certified GreenPoint Rater to meet the standards of the GreenPoint Rated program and resulting in certification by Build It Green.

GreenPoints. Credits assigned under the GreenPoint Rated Checklist for applicable projects.

LEED®. The " Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design" green building rating system developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC).

LEED® USGBC verification. Verification of a project by a LEED accredited professional to meet the standards of the U. S. Green Building Council ( USGBC) and resulting in LEED certification by USGBC).

Primary dwelling. A building designated and/ or customarily used as a residence by not more than one family and situated on a parcel or lot on which no other primary dwelling is located.

Public facilities. Town- owned facilities and buildings.

Secondary dwelling. An attached or detached residential dwelling unit which provides complete independent living facilities for one or more persons. A secondary dwelling shall include facilities for living, sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation and be located on the same parcel under the same ownership as a primary dwelling.
8- 4. 04 Standards for compliance.

All applicable projects shall demonstrate compliance with the following level of green building standards:
a) New Primary Dwellings and Secondary Dwellings, Where Proposed as Part of the Primary Dwelling.
1) Site Development Review. The applicant shall submit one of the following checklists:
i) A GreenPoint Rated checklist with the site development application to indicate that the project will achieve a minimum of fifty ( 50) points. A completed GreenPoint checklist shall be attached to the front of the site development plans submitted to the Planning Department for review.
ii) A LEED® for Homes checklist with the site development application to indicate that the project will achieve a minimum of forty-five ( 45) points or LEED® certification.

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A completed LEEDS checklist shall be attached to the front of the site development plans submitted to the Planning Department for review.
2) Building Plan Review. The applicant shall submit one ofthe following checklists:
i) A GreenPoint Rated checklist with the building permit application to indicate that the project will achieve a minimum of fifty (50) points. The checklist shall be completed by a qualified green building professional and shall be attached to the front of the construction plans. The construction plans shall include general notes or individual detail drawings, where feasible, showing the green building measure to be used to attain the required points.
ii) A LEEDS for Homes checklist with the building permit application to indicate that the project will achieve a minimum of forty-five (45) points or LEEDS certification.

The checklist shall be completed by a qualified green building professional and shall be attached to the front of the construction plans. The construction plans shall include general notes or individual detail drawings, where feasible, showing the green building measure to be used to attain the required points. 1) Final Inspection and Occupancy. Prior to final inspection and occupancy for applicable projects, a qualified green building professional shall provide documentation verifying that the building was constructed in compliance with GreenPoint Rated or LEEDS certification.
b) New Town- owned Public Facilities.
1) Construction for all new Town- owned facilities and buildings over one thousand 1, 000) square feet in size shall meet or exceed LEEDS certification. 2) Prior to issuance of building permits, the Town shall verify that the project has been designed to meet LEEDS certification.
3) Prior to final inspection, the Town shall verify that the project was constructed in compliance with LEEDS certification.
8- 4. 05 Incentives for applicable projects.

Applicable projects that exceed the minimum point thresholds required under Section 8- 1. 3. 04 shall qualify for the following incentives:
a) Expedited Permit Processing. For projects GreenPoint rated at seventy-five (75) points or higher or LEEDS rated at sixty ( 60) points or higher ( LEEDS Silver), the project shall qualify for expedited building plan review. Plan check comments on the first round of building permit applications will be provided within five( 5) days of permit submittal.

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b) Guaranteed Building Inspections. For projects GreenPoint rated one hundred ( 100) points or higher or LEEDS rated at seventy-five ( 75) points or higher ( LEEDS Gold), the project shall qualify for guaranteed building inspections within two ( 2) working days of a request for inspection.
c) Special Recognition by the City Council. For projects GreenPoint rated at one hundred fifty ( 150) points or higher or LEEDS rated at ninety ( 90) points or higher ( LEEDS Platinum), the homeowner shall receive a customized plaque recognizing the special achievement.
8-4.06 Incentives for additions and remodels.

Residential addition and remodeling projects - voluntarily participating in Build It Green' s GreenPoint Rated Existing Home Rating Program shall qualify for the following incentives:
a) Expedited Permit Processing. For projects that achieve the GreenPoint Elements rating twenty- five ( 25) points minimum), the project shall qualify for expedited building plan review. Plan check comments on the first round of building permit applications will be provided within five( 5) days of permit submittal.
b) Guaranteed Building Inspections. For projects that achieve the GreenPoint Whole House rating ( fifty ( 50) points minimum), the project shall qualify for guaranteed building inspections within two ( 2) working days of a request for inspection. 8- 4. 07 Administration and enforcement.

The Building Official of the Town of Los Altos Hills shall be responsible for the administration and enforcement of the provisions of this chapter.
8- 4. 08 Exceptions.

The Building Official shall have the discretion to grant exceptions to the strict application ofthis chapter in cases where due to conditions or exceptional characteristics of the structure or property involved, a literal enforcement ofthe provisions of this chapter would result in practical difficulties or unnecessary hardships; provided, however, no such exceptions shall be granted unless the Building Official shall find that the granting of such exception will not be contrary to the intent of the provisions of this chapter.
8- 4. 09 Appeal.

Any decision or determination by the Building Official under this chapter may be appealed by the applicant or any interested person to the City Council by filing with the City Clerk a written notice of such appeal, setting forth the specific grounds thereof, in accordance with the provisions of Section 1- 4. 01 ( Rights to appeal) of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code.

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NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby further ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 5 of Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code, " Moving of Buildings," is hereby repealed in its entirety.

2. Chapter 5, " Building Construction Standards," is hereby added to Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code to read as follows:

Chapter 5 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS
8- 5. 01 Underground Installations: Electrical and Telephone Service Lead- In.

Every electrical and telephone and other utility service lead- in constructed or placed pursuant to this chapter shall be constructed and placed underground so that no portion thereof shall remain aboveground at any place between the street or easement line supply and the structure which such lead- in serves. No new utility pole or overhead line shall be installed, except for repair or maintenance purposes. This provision applies only to utility work necessitated by applicants for building permits.
8- 5. 02 Backflow Protection: New or replacement private sewer lateral.

All new private sewer lateral connections to a public sewer shall be required to install a sewer relief valve and backwater valve on the property that is easily accessible for maintenance and inspection. In addition, any replacement or repair of an existing private sewer lateral shall require the installation of a sewer relief valve and backwater valve. The design and installation of the backwater valve shall comply with the regulations in the current edition of the California Plumbing Code and Town detail standards.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby further ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 6 of Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code, " Signs and Advertising Structures," is retained in its entirety and reads as follows:

Chapter 6 SIGNS AND ADVERTISING STRUCTURES
8- 6.01 Definitions.

For the purposes of this chapter, unless otherwise apparent from the context, certain words and phrases used in this chapter are defined as follows:

Advertising display means and includes signs and advertising structures, and combinations thereof, as such terms are defined in this section.

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Except as otherwise provided in this section, advertising structure means a structure of any kind or character, erected or maintained for outdoor advertising purposes, upon which any sign, poster, bill, printing, painting, or other advertisement of any kind whatsoever may be placed, including statuary.

Freeway means a highway in respect to which the owners of abutting lands have no right or easement of access, or in respect to which such owners have only limited or restricted right or easement of access, and which freeway is declared to be such in compliance with the provisions of the Streets and Highways Code of the State.

Landscaped freeway means a section or sections of a freeway which is or hereafter may be either designated as a landscaped freeway by the Division of Highways of the State or improved by the planting, on at least one side of the freeway right-of-way, of lawns, trees, shrubs, flowers, or other ornamental vegetation which shall require reasonable maintenance.

To place and any of its variants, as applied to advertising displays, means and includes the maintaining and erecting, constructing, posting, painting, printing, tacking, nailing, gluing, stitching, carving, or otherwise fastening, affixing, or making visible any advertising display on or to the ground or to any tree, bush, rock, fence, post, wall, building, structure, or thing.

Except as otherwise provided in this section, sign means any card, cloth, metal, painted, or wooden sign of any character, billboard, poster, pennant, flag, or sample placed for advertising purposes on the ground or on any tree, wall, bush, rock, fence, building, structure, or thing, either publicly or privately owned, other than an advertising structure.

Advertising structure and sign, as defined in this section, shall not include the following:
1) Official notices issued by any court or public body or officer, 2) Notices posted by any public officer in the performance of a public duty or by any person in giving any legal notice;
3) Directional, warning, or information signs or structures required or authorized by law or by any competent governmental authority; and
4) Any display, for other than advertising purposes, of the flag of the United States or of the State.
8- 6. 02 Prohibited.

Except as otherwise provided in Section 8- 6. 03 of this chapter, no advertising display shall be placed or maintained on property within the Town.

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8- 6.03 Prohibited—Exceptions.
a) There shall be excepted from the provisions of Section 8- 6. 02 of this chapter advertising displays used exclusively for any ofthe following purposes, or any combination thereof:
1) To advertise the sale or lease of the property upon which such advertising display is placed;
2) To designate the name of the owner or occupant of the premises upon which such advertising display is placed or to identify such premises; and 3) To advertise services rendered or goods manufactured, produced, or grown on the property upon which such advertising display is placed. b) There shall also be excepted from the provisions of Section 8- 6. 02 of this chapter directional advertising displays indicating the location of improved or unimproved parcels of land for sale that are having an " open house." These displays must be temporary in that they are not fixed in the ground or on any plant or structure. They may be put up no earlier than one hour before the beginning of the " open house" and taken down no later than one hour after the " open house" is concluded; provided that, in no event, may any sign be left up overnight.
c) There shall also be excepted from the provisions of Section 8- 6. 02 of this chapter temporary signs or banners for public events, charitable functions and noncommercial purposes. Applications for a temporary sign or banner permit shall be made in writing to the City Manager or designee and shall include a site plan, drawing or photograph of the sign, sign dimensions, materials and colors. No filing fee shall be required. 8- 6. 04 Excepted advertising displays— Conformance with applicable laws— Area.

Every advertising display placed or maintained pursuant to the provisions of Section 8- 6. 03 of this chapter shall conform to all the applicable building regulations and shall not have a total area of more than six (6) square feet.
8- 6. 05 Excepted signs— Placement and maintenance— Permission required.

No card, cloth, metal, painted, or wooden sign of any character, billboard, poster, pennant, flag, or sample bearing letters, writing, figures, or characters of any nature, conveying a message or idea, which display is not otherwise permitted by the provisions of this chapter, shall be placed or maintained at any place within the Town without permission therefor having previously been granted by the Council upon such terms and conditions as the Council deems necessary. 8- 6.06 Unlawful displays— Removal— Costs— Liability.

The Building Inspector and his or her agents are hereby empowered to remove or destroy any advertising display which is in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter. The person Ordinance 558 Page 26
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placing such advertising display shall be liable, in addition to any criminal penalties, for the costs of such removal or destruction. The Building Inspector and his or her agents may enter upon private property without incurring any liability therefor for the purposes of removing or destroying any advertising display placed in violation of the provisions of this chapter. 8- 6. 07 Posting election signs.

An election sign may be erected without a permit in conformity with this section. a) Public Property. No election sign shall be erected:
1) Within five ( 5) feet of the paved or otherwise improved portion of any public street, pathway or any other public way.
2) On any other public property in any residential zone, including, but not limited to any public parking lot, fence, post, tree, utility guy line or any other public place. 3) On any fire hydrant.
4) On any City sign, including, but not limited to, traffic signs. 5) On any utility pole.
6) On any City equipment, street light pole, traffic signal pole, or traffic signal controller.
7) On any City building, tree or shrub.
8) Within five ( 5) feet of the paved or otherwise improved portion of any other public way, or any place where a sign would obstruct a motorist' s line of sight. b) Private Property. An election sign may be erected on private property only ifthe owner or all the occupants consent to having the election sign erected. c) Sign Restrictions. An election sign may be erected only in accordance with the following restrictions:
1) Illumination. No election sign may be illuminated in any manner. 2) Wall Sign. A wall sign shall not have a total area of more than six ( 6) square feet. 3) Freestanding or Suspended Signs. A freestanding or suspended sign shall not have an area exceeding six ( 6) square feet and shall not be more than three( 3) feet in height.

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d) Duration and Removal. An election sign shall be completely removed no later than six 6) days following the date of the election. Each election sign shall be removed by the person who erected it or by the owner of the property upon which the sign is erected. 8- 6.08 Violation and enforcement.
a) Any person violating any of the provisions of Section 8- 6. 07 is guilty of an infraction.

Any person convicted of an infraction under the provisions of Section 8- 6. 07 shall be punishable for a first conviction by a fine of not more than fifty dollars ($ 50. 00), for a second conviction within a period of one year by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars ($ 100. 00), and for a third or any subsequent conviction within a period of one year by a fine of not more than two hundred fifty dollars ($ 250. 00). b) In addition, election signs erected in violation of any provision of Section 8- 6. 07 may be removed and disposed ofby the Building Official or his or her designee.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby further ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 7 of Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code, " Building Construction and Structural Addition Charge," is amended to read as follows:

Chapter 7 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND STRUCTURAL ADDITION CHARGES 8- 7. 01 Charge.

There is imposed upon the construction of any new dwelling, or structural additions to any dwelling or other building, charges in accordance with the schedule established by resolution. 8- 7.02 In addition to other charges.

The charges imposed by this chapter are in addition to any other charges, fees and taxes imposed by any other provision of the Municipal Code, any regulation, resolution or ordinance of the City, and any rule, regulation or statute ofthe State or ofthe United States. 8- 7. 03 When due.

Any charge imposed by this chapter shall be due and payable to the City at the time that any building, housing, mechanical, electrical, plumbing or other permit issuable under the provisions of this title issues, or should be issued.
8- 7. 04 Deposits for final inspections.

For each permit issued for projects with a construction valuation in excess of one thousand dollars ($ 1, 000.00), a deposit, as established by resolution of the City Council, shall be submitted at the time of permit issuance, to be refunded not later than thirty ( 30) days after final project Ordinance 558 Page 28
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i
inspection by the Building Official. If an issued permit expires and is not renewed within six ( 6) months after expiration, the deposit shall be forfeited to the Town. 8- 7. 05 Drainage fees.

For the purpose of providing fees for planned drainage facilities as a condition precedent to the issuance of any building permit for the construction of any structure upon any property, the applicant shall pay to the Town a fee, to be determined pursuant to a resolution adopted by the Council, per square foot for the total square footage of all roofed and paved areas required for the completion of the structure or development covered by the building permit. All monies received by the Town pursuant to the provisions of this section shall be paid into the Drainage Fund established by the provisions ofArticle 4 of Chapter 3 ofTitle 3 of this Code.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby further ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 8 of Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code, " Fire Code," is hereby repealed in its entirety.

2. Chapter 8, " Code Administration and Enforcement," is hereby added to Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code to read as follows:

Chapter 8 CODE ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
8- 8. 01 Administration and enforcement.

The Building Official of the Town of Los Altos Hills shall be responsible for administration and enforcement of the provisions of Chapters 8- 1. 1 ( Building Code), 8- 1. 2 ( Residential Code), 8- 1. 3 Electrical Code), 8- 1. 4 ( Mechanical Code), 8- 1. 5 ( Plumbing Code), 8- 1. 6 ( Energy Code), 8- 1. 7 Historical Building Code), 8- 1. 9 ( Existing Building Code), 8- 1. 10 ( CalGreen) and 8- 1. 11 Referenced Standards Code). The Los Altos County Fire Protection District shall be responsible for the administration and enforcement of the provisions of Chapter 8- 1. 8 ( Fire Code). 8- 8.02 Permit required.
a) It is unlawful for any person, firm or corporation whether as owner, lessee, sublessee, or occupant to erect, install, alter, repair, replace, convert, demolish, equip, use, occupy or maintain any building or structure, or any electrical, mechanical, plumbing or fire protection element of such building or structure without first obtaining a permit to do such work from the Town of Los Altos Hills, in accordance with the provisions of this title.
b) A separate permit shall be obtained for each building or structure. c) The issuance or granting of a permit or approval of plans and specifications shall not be deemed or construed to be a permit for, or an approval of, any violation of any of the Ordinance 558 Page 29
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provisions of this title. The issuance or granting of a permit or approval shall not prevent the Building Official from thereafter requiring the correction of errors in said plans and specifications or from preventing construction operations being carried on thereunder when in violation of this title or of any other development ordinance of the Town.

Similarly, the issuance or granting of a permit or approval shall not prevent the Building Official from revoking any permit approval when issued in error. 8- 8. 03 Fees.

Each applicant for a permit required pursuant to the provisions of this title, shall pay for each permit, at the time of issuance, a fee which shall be set by resolution of the City Council. 8- 8. 04 Liability.

The provisions of this title shall not be construed as imposing upon the Town any liability or responsibility for damages resulting from defective buildings or construction work; nor shall the Town, or any official or employee thereof, be held to assume any such liability or responsibility by reason ofthe inspections authorized by the provisions of said Building Code and this title. 8- 8. 05 Violations and penalties.

Any person, firm or corporation violating any provision of this title or of code provisions adopted by reference within this title, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punishable as set forth in Chapter 2 ofTitle 1 of the Municipal Code. 8- 8. 06 Public nuisances.

The erection, construction, installation, enlargement, alteration, repair, movement, improvement, removal, conversion, demolition, equipping, use, occupancy, or maintenance of any building or structure or of any electrical, mechanical, plumbing or fire protection element of such building or structure within the Town of Los Altos Hills contrary to any of the provisions of this title or of code provisions adopted by reference within this title, shall constitute a public nuisance and shall be subject to abatement as set forth in Chapter 5 of Title 6 of the Municipal Code. 8- 8. 07 Expired permits.

Where a permit has been issued but then expires, no new permit shall be issued for the same site until the expired permit is renewed and a progress inspection is made by the Building Official, with final inspection approval if the project is complete; provided, however, that if ownership of the property has changed, a new permit may be issued.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby further ORDAIN as follows:

1. Chapter 9 of Title VIII of the Los Altos Hills Municipal Code, " Code Administration and Enforcement," is hereby repealed in its entirety.

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NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby further ORDAIN as follows:

1. Severability. If any provision of this ordinance or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid or unconstitutional, the remainder of this ordinance, including the application of such part or provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby and shall continue in full force and effect. To this end, provisions of this ordinance are severable. The City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills hereby declares that it would have passed each section, subsection, subdivision, paragraph, sentence, clause, or phrase hereof irrespective of the fact that any one or more sections, subsections, subdivisions, paragraphs, sentences, clauses, or phrases be held unconstitutional, invalid, or unenforceable.

2. Effective Date; Publication. This ordinance shall take effect thirty ( 30) days after adoption. Within fifteen days after the passage of this ordinance the City Clerk shall cause this ordinance or a
summary thereof to be published once, with the names of those City Councilmembers voting for or against it in a newspaper of general circulation in the Town of Los Altos Hills, as required by law.

INTRODUCED: November 10, 2014
PASSED: January 15, 2015
AYES: Mayor Corrigan, Mayor Pro Tem Harpootlian, Councilmember Larsen, Councilmember Radford, Councilmember Waldeck
NOES: None
ABSTENTIONS: None
ABSENT: None
BY:
ayor
ATTEST: .

City Clerk.,
AP ROVED S TO FORM:

City Attorney
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ORDINANCE 568

AN ORDINANCE OF THE TOWN OF LOS ALTOS HILLS AMENDING
CHAPTERS 1 THROUGH 1. 11 OF TITLE VIII OF THE LOS ALTOS

HILLS MUNICIPAL CODE WHICH ADOPTS AND AMENDS BY
REFERENCE PROVISIONS OF THE 2016 CALIFORNIA BUILDING

STANDARDS CODE AND LOCAL CODE AMENDMENTS
WHEREAS, the 2016 Edition ofthe California Building Standards Code, has been amended and adopted by the California Building Standards Commission; and WHEREAS, the Town of Los Altos Hills (" Town") wishes to adopt building code regulations in accordance with law and to use the most updated regulations in the processing of development in the Town; and
WHEREAS, Government Code § 50022. 2 authorizes cities to enact ordinances adopting any code by reference; and
WHEREAS, because of the Town' s unique climatic, topographic and geologic conditions, the Town desires to make amendments and additions to the 2016 Edition of the California Building Standards Code, as set forth herein; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to California Health and Safety Code sections 18941. 5 and 17958, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills hereby finds that the amendments adopted herein are reasonably necessary because ofthe following local climatic, topographic and geologic conditions:

1. The Town of Los Altos Hills experiences low humidity, high winds and warm temperatures during the summer months creating conditions which are particularly conducive to the ignition and spread of grass, brush and structure fires.

2. The remoteness and steepness of hillside areas in the Town significantly impacts the ability of emergency responders to extinguish or control wildland or structure fires.

These factors cumulatively mandate special provisions for Fire Department access, fire protection water supplies, automatic fire sprinklers and fire retardant roof coverings.

3. The Town of Los Altos Hills is geographically situated adjacent to active earthquake faults capable of producing substantial seismic events. Since the Town is divided by a freeway and other major traffic corridors, the occurrence of a major earthquake would significantly impact the ability of fire crews to respond to emergencies should one or more bridges collapse or be substantially damaged.

4. Fire suppression capabilities will be severely limited should the water system be extensively damaged during the seismic event.

5. Roofs that are not fire-retardant contribute to the spread of fires, and therefore pose a risk to the safety of the Town' s citizens and their property.

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WHEREAS, prior to the effective date of this ordinance, the City Clerk shall file a copy of the ordinance, with the California Building Standards Commission; and WHEREAS, in accordance with Health and Safety Code section 17958. 7, the City Council hereby finds that each of the above findings is applicable to each of the modifications to the 2016 Edition ofthe California Building Standards Code described in this ordinance; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills finds that this project is exempt from the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (" CEQA"), pursuant to Section 15061( b)( 3) of the CEQA Guidelines, because it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the ordinance will have a significant effect on the environment.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council ofthe Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby ORDAIN as follows:

1. Title VIII, Chapter 1, " California Administrative Code," is hereby amended to read as follows:

Chapter 1 CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE
8- 1. 01 Adoption of the 2016 California Administrative Code. a. The 2016 California Administrative Code, Part 1, a portion of the California Building Standards Code, Title 24 ofthe California Code of Regulations, as defined in the California State Health and Safety Code Section 18901 et seq., ( hereinafter referred to as the Administrative Code"), and any rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto are hereby adopted and incorporated by reference herein.
b. One copy ofthe Administrative Code shall be kept on file at the Town of Los Altos Hills.

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the Town of Los Altos Hills does hereby ORDAIN as follows:

1. Title VIII, Chapter 1. 1, " California Building Code ( Volumes 1 & 2)" is hereby amended to read as follows:

Chapter 1. 1 CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE (Volumes 1 & 2)
8- 1. 1. 01 Adoption of 2016 California Building Code (Volumes 1 & 2). a) The 2016 California Building Code, Part 2, Volumes 1 and 2, a portion of the California Building Standards Code, Title 24 ofthe California Code of Regulations, as defined in the California State Health and Safety Code Section 18901 et seq., ( hereinafter referred to as the " Building Code"), including Appendix G-Flood-Resistant Construction, Appendix HOrdinance 568 Page 2 ITEM 2A ATTACHMENT 22