Lynwood City Council
October 15, 2024

1. CALL TO ORDER

2. CERTIFICATION OF AGENDA POSTING BY CITY CLERK

3. ROLL CALL OF COUNCIL MEMBERS

4. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE

5. INVOCATION
This Agenda contains a brief general description of each item to be considered. Copies of the Staff reports or other written documentation relating to each item of business referred to on the Agenda are on file in the Office of the City Clerk and are available for public inspection. Any person who has a question concerning any of the agenda items may call the City Manager at (310) 603-0220, ext. 200.

Procedures for Addressing the Council

IN ORDER TO EXPEDITE CITY COUNCIL BUSINESS, WE ASK THAT ALL PERSONS WISHING TO

ADDRESS THE COUNCIL SUBMIT YOUR COMMENTS IN ADVANCE TO
[email protected] OR FILL OUT A FORM PROVIDED AT THE PODIUM, AND TO TURN IT IN TO THE CITY CLERK PRIOR TO THE START OF THE MEETING. FAILURE TO FILL OUT SUCH A

FORM WILL PROHIBIT YOU FROM ADDRESSING THE COUNCIL IN THE ABSENCE OF THE UNANIMOUS CONSENT OF THE COUNCIL.

AGENDA
City Council Regular Meeting

TO BE HELD ON
October 15, 2024
COUNCIL CHAMBERS - 11350 BULLIS ROAD. LYNWOOD, CA 90262 Duly Posted By MQ on 10/10/24
6:00 PM

Jose Luis Solache, Mayor
Rita Soto, Mayor Pro Tem
Gabriela Camacho, Council Member
Oscar Flores, Council Member
Juan Munoz-Guevara, Council Member
City Council Regular Meeting 1

6. PRESENTATIONS/PROCLAMATIONS

7. COUNCIL RECESS TO:

8. PUBLIC HEARING

8.1 CONSOLIDATED ANNUAL PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION REPORT (CAPER) FOR FY 2023-24

8.2 ADOPTION OF A NEW ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ELEMENT AND UPDATE TO THE SAFETY ELEMENT: GENERAL PLAN AMENDMENT NO. GPA 2024-02 AND

RESOLUTION TO AMEND THE LYNWOOD MUNICIPAL CODE IN ORDER TO ADOPT AND UPDATE THE LYNWOOD GENERAL PLAN 2021-2029 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ELEMENT AND THE SAFETY ELEMENT.

Update on Law Enforcement Issues
City Council Members Reporting on Meetings Attended (Gov. Code Section 53232.3 (D)).

City Video(s)
Breast Cancer Awareness Month Proclamation
Lynwood Successor Agency
Lynwood Housing Authority
Lynwood Utility Authority
Lynwood Public Financing Authority

PUBLIC ORAL COMMUNICATIONS

(Regarding Agenda Items Only)

NON-AGENDA PUBLIC ORAL COMMUNICATIONS

THIS PORTION PROVIDES AN OPPORTUNITY FOR THE PUBLIC TO ADDRESS THE

COUNCIL ON ITEMS WITHIN THE JURISDICTION OF THE COUNCIL AND NOT LISTED ON THE AGENDA. IF AN ITEM IS NOT ON THE AGENDA, THERE SHOULD BE NO

SUBSTANTIAL DISCUSSION OF THE ISSUE BY THE COUNCIL, BUT COUNCIL MAY

REFER THE MATTER TO STAFF OR SCHEDULE SUBSTANTIVE DISCUSSION FOR A FUTURE MEETING. (The Ralph M. Brown Act, Government Code Section 54954.2 (a).)

Comments:

The City submits a Consolidated Annual Performance and Evaluation Report (CAPER) to HUD annually as one of the conditions of receiving federal funds under the CDBG and HOME programs.

Staff recommends that the City Council conduct a public hearing and take public testimony on the City’s FY 20
23-24
Consolidated Annual Performance and
Evaluation Report for the period of July 1, 2023 through June 30, 2024. (CD) Recommendation:

Staff recommends that the City Council conduct a public hearing and take public testimony on the City’s FY 2023-24 Consolidated Annual Performance and Evaluation Report. No further City Council action is necessary.

City Council Regular Meeting 2

9. CONSENT CALENDAR

9.1 APPROVAL OF THE WARRANT REGISTER

9.2 PREVIOUS MEETING MINUTES

Comments:

California's Government Code section 65302 sets forth the required contents of each jurisdiction’s general plan. Since the adoption of the current City of Lynwood General Plan in 2003, new provisions regarding environmental justice and the safety element applicable to Lynwood were added to the Government Code.

Senate Bill 1000 (2016),
which established EJ requirements for general plans under Government Code Section 65302(h). therefore Community Development is brining forth the documents required to be in compliance with CA law. (CD)

Recommendation:

It is recommended that the Lynwood City Council:

1 .

CONDUCT
a public hearing and receive public testimony
2 .

ADOPT
Resolution XXX approving the General Plan Amendment No. GPA 2024-02 3 .

FIND
that the actions taken under this Resolution are exemption from the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”) pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15061(b) (3).

ALL MATTERS LISTED UNDER THE CONSENT CALENDAR WILL BE ACTED UPON BY ONE MOTION AFFIRMING THE ACTION RECOMMENDED ON THE AGENDA. THERE

WILL BE NO SEPARATE DISCUSSION ON THESE ITEMS PRIOR TO VOTING UNLESS

MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL OR STAFF REQUEST SPECIFIC ITEMS TO BE REMOVED FROM THE CONSENT CALENDAR FOR SEPARATE ACTION.

Comments:

City of Lynwood warrant register dated October 15,2024 for FY 2024-2025. (FIN) Recommendation:

Staff respectfully recommends that the City Council of the City of Lynwood approve the warrant register dated October 15,2024 for FY 2024-2025

Comments:

The purpose of this item is to have the Lynwood City Council review and approve the City Council meeting action minutes. (CC)
Recommendation:

Staff recommends that the Lynwood City Council approve the following meeting action minutes:

October 1, 2024 Regular Meeting and Closed Session Regular Meeting Action City Council Regular Meeting 3

9.3 APPROVAL OF A THIRD AMENDMENT TO MUNITEMPS STAFFING AGREEMENT

TO PROVIDE TEMPORARY STAFFING SERVICES IN THE CITY CLERK'S OFFICE

9.4 APPROVE

DMC ENGINEERING

INC
,
TO

PROVIDE PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING
SERVICES FOR THE REHABILITATION OF THE CITY’S THREE (3) WATER TOWERS

FOR THE CITY OF LYNWOOD
PROJECT NO.
(6302|1011.68.150).

9.5 PROJECT ACCEPTANCE FOR THE SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS FOR FY 2023-2024 CIP PROJECT NOS. 4011.68.095 AND 4011.68.096

Minutes.

Comments:

The recruitment for Deputy City Clerk is underway and it is vital to maintain current staffing levels to manage the day-to-day operations of the City Clerk’s office. The City currently contracts with Munitemps Staffing to provide temporary staffing services in the City Clerk’s office. Staff is respectfully requesting to amend the agreement to extend the term in support of the continued need for temporary staffing. (CC) Recommendation:

Staff recommends that the City Council approve and adopt the attached resolution entitled, "A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LYNWOOD TO

APPROVE THE THIRD AMENDMENT AGREEMENT WITH MUNITEMPS FOR TEMPORARY STAFFING SERVICES"

Comments:

The City has three (3) existing water towers that have been converted to Cell Communication Towers located at 4275 Walnut Avenue, 11108 North Alameda Street, and 11240 California Avenue. The City desires to re-paint the water towers and add a new City of Lynwood mural at the top of each tower. (PW) Recommendation:

Staff recommends that the City Council adopt the attached resolution entitled: “A

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LYNWOOD APPROVING

DMC ENGINEERING

INC
,

TO PROVIDE ENGINEERING SERVICES TO PREPARE
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION OF THE CITY’S THREE (3) WATER TOWERS FOR A TOTAL AMOUNT OF $64,000.00” (6302|1011.68.150).

Comments:

The City of Lynwood awarded a construction contract to Torres Sanitation Systems Construction on August 15, 2023, for the Sewer System Improvements for FY 2023-2024, CIP Project Nos. 4011.68.095 and 4011.68.096. The project has been completed and is now ready for acceptance by the City Council. (PW)
City Council Regular Meeting 4

9.6 APPROVAL OF THE THIRD

AMENDMENT TO THE AGREEMENT WITH

NATIONWIDE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF CATCH BASINS

9.7 AWARD OF CONTRACT TO FEHR & PEERS FOR THE PLANNING & ENGINEERING

SERVICES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LYNWOOD VISION ZERO ACTION PLAN CIP NO (2101|3485.68.139)
Recommendation:

Staff recommends that the City Council adopt the attached resolution entitled: “A

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LYNWOOD ACCEPTING THE SEWER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS FOR FY 2023-2024 CIP PROJECT NOS. 4011.68.095 AND 4011.68.096 AS COMPLETE; AUTHORIZING THE FILING OF THE NOTICE OF COMPLETION WITH THE LOS ANGELES COUNTY RECORDER’S OFFICE AND THE RELEASE OF THE 5% RETENTION 35 DAYS AFTER THE ACCEPTANCE.”

Comments:

The current agreement with Nationwide Environmental Services (NES) is set to expire on September 30, 2025. NES has submitted a request for a contract extension, extending the term for an additional one (1) year. Staff is recommending that City Council approve the extension. (PW)
Recommendation:

Staff recommends that the City Council adopt the attached resolution entitled: “A

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LYNWOOD APPROVING

THE THIRD AMENDMENT TO THE AGREEMENT WITH NATIONWIDE

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF CATCH BASINS, EXTENDING THE TERM FOR AN ADDITONAL ONE (1) YEAR"

Comments:

The SS4A (Safe Streets for All) initiative is part of the U.S. Department of Transportation's effort to support Vision Zero, which seeks to eliminate all traffic fatalities and serious injuries. Vision Zero emphasizes the importance of safer streets through data-driven strategies, community involvement, and infrastructure enhancements. The ultimate aim is to develop transportation systems that prevent deaths and serious injuries on the roads.

After a thorough review of the proposals received, Staff recommends awarding a contract to Fehr & Peers for the Development of Lynwood Vision Zero Action Plan. (PW) Recommendation:

Staff recommends that the City Council adopt the attached resolution entitled: “A City Council Regular Meeting 5

9.8 AWARD OF CONTRACT TO KIMLEY-HORN AND ASSOCIATES, INC. FOR

PLANNING AND ENGINEERING SERVICES FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN (LRSP) CIP NO (2351|3265.68.147)

10. NEW/OLD BUSINESS

10.1 SECOND READING AND ADOPTION OF ORDINANCE NO. 1783 READING BY TITLE

ONLY AND WAIVE FULL READING OF THE ORDINANCE APPROVING THE FIRST

AMENDMENT TO THE DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT WITH LYNWOOD SPRINGS, LLC

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LYNWOOD AWARDING A

CONTRACT TO FEHR & PEERS FOR PLANNING & ENGINEERING SERVICES FOR

THE DEVELOPMENT OF LYNWOOD VISION ZERO ACTION PLAN CIP NO (2101|3485.68.139)”

Comments:

The Local Road Safety Plan (LRSP) addresses the City’s unique transportation and roadway safety needs with a structured approach for identifying and tackling safety issues. The main goal is to reduce fatalities and serious injuries on public roads through tailored safety improvements. After a thorough review of the proposals received, Staff recommends awarding a contract to Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. for preparation of the City’s Local Road Safety Plan. (PW)
Recommendation:

Staff recommends that the City Council adopt the attached resolution entitled: “A

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LYNWOOD AWARDING A CONTRACT TO KIMLEY-HORN AND ASSOCIATES, INC. FOR PLANNING AND

ENGINEERING SERVICES FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE LOCAL ROAD SAFETY PLAN (LRSP) CIP NO (2351|3265.68.147).”

Comments:

Development Agreement amendment for the Northgate Project (Lynwood Springs LLC.) per the direction of City Council to assist in the successful development of the site at Long Beach Blvd and Louise St. (CC & CD)
Recommendation:

Staff recommends that the City Council conduct the second reading and adoption, read by title only, and waive the full reading of Ordinance No. 1783 entitled "

AN ORDINANCE

OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LYNWOOD, COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES,

STATE OF CALIFORNIA, APPROVING THE FIRST AMENDMENT TO THE

DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT WITH LYNWOOD SPRINGS, LLC FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMERICAL PROPERTY LOCATED AT 11600 LONG BEACH BOULEVARD"
City Council Regular Meeting 6

11. CITY COUNCIL ORAL AND WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

12. STAFF ORAL COMMENTS

ADJOURNMENT

THE NEXT REGULAR MEETING WILL BE HELD ON NOVEMBER 5, 2024 AT 6:00 P.M. IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBERS OF THE CITY HALL ANNEX, 11350 BULLIS ROAD, CITY OF LYNWOOD, CALIFORNIA.

City Council Regular Meeting 7

AGENDA STAFF REPORT

DATE:

October 15, 2024
TO:

Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
APPROVED BY:

Julian Lee, Interim City Manager
PREPARED BY:

Gabriel Linares, Director of Community Development
SUBJECT:

CONSOLIDATED ANNUAL PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION
REPORT (CAPER) FOR FY 2023-24
Agenda Item # 8.1.

Recommendation:

Staff recommends that the City Council conduct a public hearing and take public testimony on the City’s FY 2023-24 Consolidated Annual Performance and Evaluation Report. No further City Council action is necessary.

Background:

The City of Lynwood's Community Development Department has completed its Consolidated Annual Performance and Evaluation Report (CAPER) for the period July 1, 2023 through June 30, 2024. The CAPER describes the overall use of federal Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) and HOME Investment Partnerships (HOME) funds received from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) in relationship to the needs of the community as outlined in its Fiscal Year (FY) 2023-24 Annual Action Plan. The City’s overall objective in the CDBG and HOME programs is the development of viable communities by providing decent housing, a suitable living environment, and expansion of economic opportunities primarily for low-to-moderate income persons.

Discussion and Analysis:

The City submits a CAPER to HUD annually as one of the conditions of receiving federal funds under the CDBG and HOME programs. The CAPER outlines progress made in City Council City Council Regular Meeting 8
CAPER FY 23-24- Lynwood - DRAFT.docx
achieving goals established in the City’s Five-Year Consolidated Plan and Annual Action Plan, including: 1) funds invested in projects and activities; 2) households and persons assisted; 3) actions taken to affirmatively further fair housing; and 4) other information relevant to grant- funded projects administered by the City that affect local housing and community development needs. The CAPER is an effective tool, designed to ensure the City stays on track with its Five-Year Consolidated Plan and Annual Action Plan. The CAPER is also designed to provide a maximum amount of useful information to policy makers and residents.

During FY 2022-23, the City spent $470,644.22 of CDBG funds and $184,820.64 of HOME funds on a variety of eligible projects. In addition, $1,020,069 was expended under the CDBG-CV grant funds. The purpose of this update is to give the public, as well as the City Council an opportunity to assess the effectiveness of the City’s CDBG and HOME expenditures. The CAPER, which is shown in Attachment A, will be submitted to HUD on or about October 17, 2024.

Public Review
The CAPER was available for public review and comment for a period of 15 days beginning on September 29, 2024 and ending on October 14, 2024. No comments were received by the public.

Fiscal Impact:

There is no fiscal impact.

Coordinated With:

N/A
ATTACHMENTS:

Description
City Council City Council Regular Meeting 9

CITY OF LYNWOOD

CONSOLIDATED

ANNUAL PERFORMANCE AND

EVALUATION REPORT

FOR THE PERIOD COVERING
JULY 1, 2023 - JUNE 30, 2024
for

THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF

HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Prepared by:

City of Lynwood
11330 Bullis Road
Lynwood, California 90262
September 10, 2024
10 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CR-05 - Goals and Outcomes....................................................................................................... 3 CR-10 - Racial and Ethnic composition of families assisted......................................................... 7 CR-15 - Resources and Investments 91.520(a)............................................................................ 8 CR-20 - Affordable Housing 91.520(b)........................................................................................14 CR-25 - Homeless and Other Special Needs 91.220(d, e); 91.320(d, e); 91.520(c) ....................17 CR-30- Public Housing 91.220(h); 91.320(j)................................................................................18 CR-35 - Other Actions 91.220(j)-(k); 91.320(i)-(j) .......................................................................19 CR-40 - Monitoring 91.220 and 91.230 ......................................................................................25 CR-45 - CDBG 91.520(c) ..............................................................................................................27 CR-50 - HOME 91.520(d) ............................................................................................................28 CR-53 - Section 3.........................................................................................................................31 Attachments:

Attachment 1 – Public Notice .................................................................................................33 Attachment 2 – CDBG: PR26 & Section 3 Reports..................................................................35 Attachment 3 – Area Benefit and Deteriorating Areas...........................................................45 Attachment 4 – Area Benefit and Deteriorating Areas - Map ................................................51 11 CAPER 3
OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
CR-05 - Goals and Outcomes
Progress the jurisdiction has made in carrying out its strategic plan and its action plan. 91.520(a) This could be an overview that includes major initiatives and highlights that were proposed and executed throughout the program year.

The Fiscal Year (FY) 2023-2024 Consolidated Annual Performance Evaluation Report (CAPER) captures the expenditures, accomplishments, and progress made on the strategies and goals outlined in the approved FY 2023-2024 Action Plan. The CAPER outlines achievements in affordable housing, homeless services, and community development programs. The City of Lynwood's HUD Programs include the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) and the HOME Investment Partnership. The FY 2023-2024 CAPER covers the period starting July 1, 2023 to June 30, 2024. This is the fourth annual report of the FY 2020-2024 Consolidated Plan period.

Each activity funded under the FY 2023-2024 CDBG program met one of the three national objectives: principal benefit to low- and moderate- income persons; elimination or prevention of slums and blight; or meeting community development needs having a particular urgency. The table below provides a comparison of proposed FY 2023-2024 program year goals versus actual outcomes. Outcomes are measured in terms of either units produced, the number of assisted households, or the number of assisted persons.

Overall, the number of residents benefitting from CDBG and HOME program funds has exceeded expectations for providing services to low- and moderate-income residents. Lynwood met its spending targets for low and moderate-income beneficiaries through its housing and public services activities and stayed within mandated caps on public service (15%) and administration (20%) expenditure limits.

Comparison of the proposed versus actual outcomes for each outcome measure submitted with the consolidated plan and explain, if applicable, why progress was not made toward meeting goals and objectives. 91.520(g) Categories, priority levels, funding sources and amounts, outcomes/objectives, goal outcome indicators, units of measure, targets, actual outcomes/outputs, and percentage completed for each of the grantee’s program year goals. 12 CAPER 4
OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
Goal Category Source /
Amount
Indicator Unit of
Measure
Expected
–
Strategic
Plan
Actual –
Strategic
Plan
Percent
Complete
Expected
–
Program
Year
Actual
–
Program
Year
Percent
Complete
Code Enforcement Affordable
Housing
CDBG:
$195,633
Housing Code
Enforcement/
Foreclosed Property
Care
Household
Housing Unit 1000 586 58.6% 200 405 202.5%
Expand Affordable
Housing
Opportunities
Affordable
Housing
HOME:
$570,000
Direct Financial
Assistance to
Homebuyers
Households
Assisted 10 0 0.00% 2 0 0.00%
Expand Fair Housing
Choice and Access Fair Housing CDBG:
$13,000
Public service
activities for
Low/Moderate
Income Housing
Benefit
Households
Assisted 1000 446 44.6% 200 163 81.5%
Improve/ Upgrade
Public Facilities/
Infrastructures
Non-Housing
Community
Development
CDBG:
$411,900
Public Facility or
Infrastructure Activities
for Low/Moderate
Income Housing
Benefit
Households
Assisted 25000 0 0.00% 3000 0 0.00%
Increase the Supply of
Lead Safe Housing
Affordable
Housing
CDBG:
$13,000
Homeowner Housing
Rehabilitated
Household
Housing
Unit
25 0 0.00% 5 0 0.00%
Planning and
Administration
Administration
CDBG:
$183,618
HOME:
$41,549
Other Other 1 1 100.00% 1 1 100.00%
13 CAPER 5
OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
Planning and
Administration -
CDBG Rehabilitation
Planning and
Administration CDBG:
$98,932 Other Other 1 1 100.00% 1 0 0.15%
Provide Vital
Homeless Services Homeless CDBG:
$20,000
Public service
activities other
than
Low/Moderate
Income Housing
Benefit
Persons
Assisted 125 224 179% 10 163 326%
Public Vital Public
Services
Non-
Homeless
Special Needs
CDBG:
$147,000
Public service
activities other
than
Low/Moderate
Income Housing
Benefit
Persons
Assisted 1200 822 68.5% 240 535 222%
Repair Aging Housing
Infrastructure
Affordable
Housing
CDBG:
$20,000
HOME:
$826,618
Homeowner
Housing
Rehabilitated
Household
Housing
Unit
50 33 66.0% 30 4 1.00%
Table 1 - Accomplishments – Program Year & Strategic Plan to Date 14 CAPER 6
OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
Assess how the jurisdiction’s use of funds, particularly CDBG, addresses the priorities and specific objectives identified in the plan, giving special attention to the highest priority activities identified.

The outcomes reported in Table 1 above are based on activities completed in the HUD Integrated Disbursement and Information System (IDIS).

Table 1 provides information regarding annual goals, activities, and accomplishments for the FY 2023 program year. All numbers reflect completed services.

It should be noted that under the "Repair Aging Housing Infrastructure" category for FY 2023-2024, 0 housing units were funded with CDBG funds, and 7 housing units were funded with HOME funds.

During the FY 2023 program year, the City exceeded a majority of its goals. Regarding CHDO activities, with the dissolution of the Lynwood Redevelopment Agency, the City’s ability to provide the additional financial support needed to the City’s CHDO was greatly compromised, making it more difficult to purchase additional rental housing for low- to moderate-income persons.

Regarding the strategic goals and actual accomplishments relative to the FY 2020-2024 Consolidated Plan for the aforementioned HUD programs, the City was slightly lower than its overall annual expectations for almost all its goals. As COVID-19 restrictions were lifted, the City continued to increase its marketing efforts for the different programs offered to the community. In addition, with the dissolution of the Lynwood Redevelopment Agency, the City’s ability to provide the additional financial support needed to the City’s CHDO was greatly compromised, making it more difficult to purchase additional rental housing for low- to moderate-income persons.

The city continued its efforts to respond to the coronavirus. During the FY, the city had approximately $250,000 in CDBG-CV funds available.

The CDBG-CV funding is separate from the regular annual CDBG funds the City receives. CDBG-CV funds were programmed for, Essential Goods Reimbursement, the Small Business Assistance Program, and HOPICS.

During FY 23-24, the City accomplished and expended the following under CDBG-CV:

Small Business Assistance Program: The program provided a one-time grant for the payment of commercial rent to qualified micro-enterprises.

The City provided up to $10,000 or a maximum of six (6) months, whichever is less, for commercial rent. Businesses must have been in operation prior to March 1, 2020, have a valid Lynwood Business License, have a verifiable loss of revenue due to COVID-19, and did not receive other assistance for the same commercial rent. Further, businesses had to meet one of the following to be eligible for assistance:
15 CAPER 7
OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)

1. Be located in a HUD-defined low- and moderate-income area and provide a service to the immediate surrounding residential neighborhood; or

2. 51% of the business's employees on payroll are from a low- and moderate-income household (80% or below); or

3. The business owner’s current income is low- to moderate-income (80% or below).

Ineligible businesses included liquor stores and chain/franchise businesses.

HOPICS: Provided funds for the funding of a resource center to assist the homeless or those at-risk of homelessness. The program provides a full range of social services for clients, including temporary housing, behavioral health referrals, case management, benefits assistance, transportation, and employment services.

To date, the City has expended $1,020,069 of CDBG-CV funds.

It should also be noted that the City's expenditure limits applicable to CDBG were within percentage limits allowed by HUD for FY 2023-2024.

The limits are as follows: 1) Administrative and Planning programs - 20% of the annual allocation and program income, and 2) Public Service expenditure limitation - 15% of annual allocation and the prior year program income. 16 CAPER 8
OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
CR-10 - Racial and Ethnic composition of families assisted Describe the families assisted (including the racial and ethnic status of families assisted).

91.520(a)

CDBG HOME
White 512 2
Black or African American 109 2
Asian 0 0
American Indian or American Native 3 0
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 0 0
Other 81 0
Total 705 4
Hispanic 495 2
Not Hispanic 210 2
Table 2 – Table of assistance to racial and ethnic populations by source of funds Narrative
Under the CDBG program, the City assisted 347 people through one of the public service programs offered to the community. Of this number, the racial and ethnic composition was as follows: 347 White, 84 Black or African American, 0 Asian, 3 American Indian or American Native, and 75 Other multi- racial.

Furthermore, 108 identified as Hispanic and 329 identified as Non-Hispanic.

The City completed four (4) Owner-Occupied Rehabilitations with HOME funds. Of these four (4), three (2) were White, and one (2) was Black/African American.

The City of Lynwood engages in affirmative marketing of its Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation program. All applications are processed in a non-discriminatory manner and in accordance with fair housing principles. The demographic breakdown above closely reflects the population of the City of Lynwood.
17 CAPER 9
OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
CR-15 - Resources and Investments 91.520(a)
Identify the resources made available
Source of Funds Source Resources Made
Available
Amount Expended
During Program Year
CDBG public - federal $1,083,091 $470,644.22
HOME public - federal $2,002,021 $184,820.64
Table 3 - Resources Made Available
Narrative
CDBG
Resources Made Available During FY 2023-2024: The total CDBG funds available during the FY was $1,083,091 ($983,091 Entitlement Grant and $100,000 Carryover funds). In addition, the City had $250,000 in CDBG-CV funds available during the FY. The CDBG-CV funding is separate from the regular annual CDBG funds that the City receives annually.

Amount Expended During FY 2023-2024: The total amount expended under the CDBG program during the FY was $470,644.22, comprised of both the current year entitlement grant and carryover funds from prior years. In addition, $1,020,069 has been expended under the CDBG-CV grant funds thus far.

HOME
Resources Made Available During FY 2023-2024: The total HOME funds available during the FY was $2,002,021 ($415,490 Entitlement Grant and $1,586,531 Carryover funds).

Amount Expended During FY 2023-2024: The total HOME funds expended during the FY was $184,820.64.

Identify the geographic distribution and location of investments Target Area Planned Percentage
of Allocation
Actual Percentage
of Allocation
Narrative
Description
Area Benefit Neighborhood 28 59 >51% AMI
City-wide 27 30 City-wide
Deteriorating and/or
Deteriorated Area 20 2 Other
Not Applicable 25 9 Not Applicable
Table 4 – Identify the geographic distribution and location of investments 18 CAPER 10
OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
Narrative
CDBG and HOME grant assistance is provided to low- and moderate-income residents and qualifying low-income census tracts & block groups throughout the City. Lynwood's four distinct geographic areas include Area Benefits, Citywide Benefits, Deteriorated/Deteriorating Areas, and Not Applicable.

CDBG investments for Public Infrastructure Improvements are made in Area Benefit Neighborhoods, that is, in block groups where 51% or more of the population have low and moderate incomes. CDBG investments for Fair Housing and Public Services (i.e. HOPICS, Lynwood Senior Program, Lynwood Sports Program, Lynwood Afterschool Program, Lynwood Athletics Community Services, and The Harmony Project) are available citywide along with HOME investment for the CHDO Project and the Owner- Occupied Rehabilitation program, which are all direct benefits to residents. CDBG investment for Code Enforcement is accomplished in low- and moderate-income deteriorated or deteriorating areas. A map depicting the City's official low- and moderate-income "Deteriorate/Deteriorating Areas" (i.e., those areas where at least 51% of the residents have income at or below 80% of the area median income as adjusted for family size) has been attached as an appendices. The Not Applicable area is for the CDBG and HOME Administration activities.
19 CAPER 11
OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
Leveraging
Explain how federal funds leveraged additional resources (private, state and local funds), including a description of how matching requirements were satisfied, as well as how any publicly owned land or property located within the jurisdiction that were used to address the needs identified in the plan.

The City has continuously sought public and private resources to leverage its entitlement funds and assist with implementing policies and programs to implement the Consolidated Plan.

Federal Resources and Program Funds Used—The City aims to maximize the use of available resources by committing to projects that are financially feasible and assist the greatest number of people and families. To this end, two resources were utilized during FY 2023-2024: the CDBG Program and the HOME Program.

Non-Federal Resources and Program Funds Used - The City of Lynwood’s General Fund contributed funding as leverage during the FY 2023-2024 to assist in the funding of the Code Enforcement Program.

Leveraging of non-Federal Resources - See above.

Matching Contributions - The City is a 100% HOME match reduction community; therefore, no HOME match is required. (see IDIS report PR33).

Publicly Owned Land or Property Located within the Jurisdiction - The City did not utilize any publicly owned land or property to address a need identified in the Consolidated Plan.

Fiscal Year Summary – HOME Match

1. Excess match from prior Federal fiscal year 0

2. Match contributed during current Federal fiscal year 0

3. Total match available for current Federal fiscal year (Line 1 plus Line 2) 0

4. Match liability for current Federal fiscal year 0

5. Excess match carried over to next Federal fiscal year (Line 3 minus Line 4) 0 Table 5 – Fiscal Year Summary - HOME Match Report
20 CAPER 13
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Match Contribution for the Federal Fiscal Year
Project No. or Date of Cash Foregone Appraised Required Site Bond Total Match Other ID Contribution (non-Federal Taxes, Fees, Land/Real Infrastructure Preparation, Financing sources) Charges Property Construction
Materials,
Donated labor
Table 6 – Match Contribution for the Federal Fiscal Year HOME MBE/WBE report
Program Income – Enter the program amounts for the reporting period Balance on hand at
beginning of reporting
period
$
Amount received during
reporting period
$
Total amount expended
during reporting period
$
Amount expended for
TBRA
$
Balance on hand at end
of reporting period
$
0 123,625 0 0 123,625
Table 7 – Program Income
21 CAPER 14
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Minority Business Enterprises and Women Business Enterprises –Indicate the number and dollar value of contracts for HOME projects completed during the reporting period Total Minority Business Enterprises White Non-
HispanicAlaskan
Native or
American
Indian
Asian or
Pacific
Islander
Black Non-
Hispanic
Hispanic
Contracts
Dollar
Amount $157,286 0 0 0 $123,186 $34,100
Number 4 0 0 0 3 1
Sub-Contracts
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dollar
Amount 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Women
Business
Enterprises
Male
Contracts
Dollar
Amount $157,286 $43,365 $113,921
Number 4 1 3
Sub-Contracts
Number 0 0 0
Dollar
Amount 0 0 0
Table 8 - Minority Business and Women Business Enterprises Minority Owners of Rental Property– Indicate the number of HOME assisted rental property owners and the total amount of HOME funds in these rental properties assisted Total Minority Property Owners White Non-
HispanicAlaskan
Native or
American
Indian
Asian or
Pacific
Islander
Black Non-
Hispanic
Hispanic
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dollar
Amount 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 9 – Minority Owners of Rental Property
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Relocation and Real Property Acquisition –Indicate the number of persons displaced, the cost of relocation payments, the number of parcels acquired, and the cost of acquisition Parcels Acquired 0 0
Businesses Displaced 0 0
Nonprofit Organizations
Displaced 0 0
Households Temporarily
Relocated, not Displaced 0 0
Households
Displaced
Total Minority Property Enterprises White Non-
HispanicAlaskan
Native or
American
Indian
Asian or
Pacific
Islander
Black Non-
Hispanic
Hispanic
Number 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cost 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 10 – Relocation and Real Property Acquisition
23 CAPER 16
OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
CR-20 - Affordable Housing 91.520(b)
Evaluation of the jurisdiction's progress in providing affordable housing, including the number and types of families served, the number of extremely low-income, low-income, moderate-income, and middle-income persons served.

One-Year Goal Actual
Number of Homeless households to be
provided affordable housing units 0 0
Number of Non-Homeless households to be
provided affordable housing units 10 10
Number of Special-Needs households to be
provided affordable housing units 0 0
Total 10 10
Table 11 – Number of Households
One-Year Goal Actual
Number of households supported through
Rental Assistance 0 0
Number of households supported through
The Production of New Units 0 0
Number of households supported through
Rehab of Existing Units 10 4
Number of households supported through
Acquisition of Existing Units 0 0
Total 10 4
Table 12 – Number of Households Supported
Discuss the difference between goals and outcomes and problems encountered in meeting these goals.

The outcomes reported above are based on activities that were completed in the HUD Integrated Disbursement and Information System (IDIS) during this reporting period. The one-year goals set for CDBG funding and HOME funded programs are based on available resources, funding commitments and historical construction development trends. The City fell short of meeting their goal, completing 4 Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation projects.
24 CAPER 17
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Patterns of actual investment compared to planned investment patterns for FY 2023-2024 Overall, all investments occurred as planned during the FY. The planned investments in the community included rehabilitation of owner-occupied single-family homes, rental assistance, new construction of non-rehab-able housing units, and CHDO participation.
 Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation Loan Program (HOME) – Through the HOME program, funds were to be used to operate a zero interest (0%) deferred Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation Loan Program to seniors, persons with a disability and families of low and moderate-income who own and occupy their homes and need financial assistance to make repairs and improvements. There were four (4) projects funded during the FY.
 Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation Grant Program (HOME) - Through the HOME program, funds were used to provide up to a $10,000 grant to homeowners who meet the low- to moderate- income criteria for repairs related to interior and exterior code deficiencies and general home improvements. There were four (3) projects funded during the FY.  Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation Emergency Grant (CDBG) - Through the CDBG program, funds were available to provide up to a $5,000 emergency grant to homeowners who are low- to moderate-income and need funding for correction to emergency code deficiencies that constitute an immediate health and/or safety issue. No projects were completed for this program during the FY.
 Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation Program Lead/Asbestos Remediation (CDBG) - Through the CDBG program, funds were available to remediate lead/asbestos hazards in units participating in the City's Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation Program (Emergency Grants). No projects were completed for this program during the FY.
 Tenant Assistance - Section 8 Voucher funds were used to provide rental assistance to very low- income (0 to 50% of MFI) residents within the City. The Los Angeles County Development Authority (formerly known as the Housing Authority of the County of Los Angeles) serves the City of Lynwood and provides Section 8 assistance to the residents.  New Construction - There was no new construction of housing units during the FY.  Community Housing Development Organization (CHDO) - The City did not approve any new projects during the FY.
 Section 215 - The City did not assist in the creation of any homeownership units.jm Discuss how these outcomes will impact future annual action plans.

Future annual action plans will continue to consider funding priorities based on housing needs that are supported by market data. The City will continue monitoring the progress of projects that have been funded but not closed as well as projects that are underway but delayed due to various plausible reasons.
25 CAPER 18
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Include the number of extremely low-income, low-income, and moderate-income persons served by each activity where information on income by family size is required to determine the eligibility of the activity.

Number of Households Served CDBG Actual HOME Actual
Extremely Low-income 331 1
Low-income 139 1
Moderate-income 180 2
Total 650 4
Table 13 – Number of Households Served
Narrative Information
The above chart does not include the 55 non-Low/Moderate-income persons assisted with CDBG funds during the program year, bringing the total served to 705.

The City completed three (3) grants through the HOME funded Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation program. The City also funded four (4) Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation loans.

No direct City assistance was provided to rental households. The Los Angeles County Development Authority serves the City of Lynwood and provides Section 8 assistance to the residents.

Efforts to Address Worst Case Needs
Worst case housing needs are defined as low income (0 to 50% of MFI) renter households who pay more than half their income for rent, live in seriously substandard housing (which includes homeless people) or have been involuntarily displaced. In an effort to address worst case housing needs, a number of programs and services were offered during the FY. These include the following:
 Section 8 Housing Assistance Agency - The Los Angeles County Development Authority serviced the City of Lynwood and provided Section 8 assistance to the residents. The primary objective of the Section 8 Voucher Rental Assistance program is to assist low-income (0 to 50% of MFI) persons and households, including those who are homeless or in danger of becoming homeless, in making rents affordable.
26 CAPER 19
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CR-25 - Homeless and Other Special Needs 91.220(d, e); 91.320(d, e); 91.520(c) Evaluate the jurisdiction’s progress in meeting its specific objectives for reducing and ending homelessness through:

Reaching out to homeless persons (especially unsheltered persons) and assessing their individual needs
As a means of identifying Lynwood's homeless, Lynwood residents and staff participated in the 2020 Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count. While the estimated number of homeless persons within Lynwood is 85 individuals, the City’s contribution in the outreach area was minimal and consisted of consultation as this is largely covered by outside agencies (i.e. Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority, HOPICS Lynwood Access Center, Shields for Families, Housing Authority of the County of Los Angeles, etc.). City staff contacted the Los Angeles County Development Authority (LACDA), which was formerly known as the Housing Authority of the County of Los Angeles, to discuss characteristics and data needs regarding LACDA Public Housing and Section 8 inventory, public housing needs, and priorities. City staff met with HOPICS staff to discuss characteristics and needs of homeless individuals, youth, families, and "at-risk" individuals and families. City consulted with nonprofit organizations like Shields for Families to determine funding needs for housing and services for homeless persons, low to moderate-income persons, and low-income neighborhoods. The City also coordinated with PATH’s (People Assisting the Homeless) efforts in the development of the Gateway Cities Homeless Plan. The City of Lynwood is an active member of the Gateway Cities Council of Governments (GCCOG). The GCCOG has offered the services of Cicco Solutions to assist the City with creating a Homelessness Plan for Lynwood. Homeless persons were engaged by HOPICS MDT teams through Lynwood or basic outreach in the area. Teams connected and referred clients to supportive services and provided essential needs and resources. Programs offered are such as crisis housing, identification assistance, food assistance, medical treatment, linkages to our CES system and more.

Addressing the emergency shelter and transitional housing needs of homeless persons The city does not have emergency shelter or transitional housing available within its city limits.

Therefore, the city has established a referral system with the agencies mentioned above to assist unhoused individuals requesting shelter or housing assistance.

The City does not have an ESG Program. Also, the City did not obtain any Federal funds from the Homeless SuperNOFA.

Helping low-income individuals and families avoid becoming homeless, especially extremely low-income individuals and families and those who are: likely to become homeless after being discharged from publicly funded institutions and systems of care (such as health care facilities, mental health facilities, foster care and other youth facilities, and corrections programs and institutions); and, receiving assistance from public or private agencies that address housing, health, social services, employment, education, or youth needs The City of Lynwood continues to dedicate itself to combating homelessness, especially with the increases in persons experiencing homelessness within the City, county and state. In order to prevent families and individuals from falling into homelessness, the City continues to refer low-income 27 CAPER 20
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individuals, families, and those at high risk of homelessness to the appropriate service provider in or near the Lynwood area, who have a variety of programs to assist those in need. These providers include the Fair Housing Foundation, Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority, HOPICS Lynwood Access Center, Shields for Families, Los Angeles County Development Authority (Section 8 assistance), St. Francis Hospital, and Department of Social Services. The City maintains contact with agencies whose service area includes the City of Lynwood to properly triage and refer individuals to the agency that best serves their needs. By working with agencies and local groups, the City of Lynwood effectively addresses homelessness through collaborative action-oriented solutions. The city also maintains a Homelessness Resource Directory on the City website, which can be accessed by the public. Additionally, the City of Lynwood made available CDBG-CV funds for programs that assist individuals and families at risk of homelessness. The HOPICS program provides a full range of social services for clients, including temporary housing, behavioral health referrals, case management, benefits assistance, transportation, and employment services to those homeless and those at risk of homelessness. There was a total of 354 visits (duplicated), of those 278 had a successful contact (78.5%) - 46 (duplicated, 16.5% of successful contacts) clients had physical and/or mental disabilities - 252 (duplicated, 90.6% of successful contacts) clients were provided supportive services - 53 (duplicated, 19.1% of successful contacts) were provided with clothing - 226 (duplicated, 81.3% of successful contacts) were provided with food and/or water - 23 (duplicated, 8.3% of successful contacts) were provided with medical services - 3 clients were able to obtain interim housing.

Helping homeless persons (especially chronically homeless individuals and families, families with children, veterans and their families, and unaccompanied youth) make the transition to permanent housing and independent living, including shortening the period of time that individuals and families experience homelessness, facilitating access for homeless individuals and families to affordable housing units, and preventing individuals and families who were recently homeless from becoming homeless again
A Chronically homeless person or family is defined as one who has been living in a place not meant for human habitation, a safe haven, or emergency shelter continuously for at least one year or on at least four separate occasions in the last three years. Such persons or families must also be diagnosed with a specific disabling condition. These combined factors often lead to isolation and a survival mentality.

Moving individuals from chronic homelessness to living in and maintaining housing requires multi-level solutions. In addition to suitable, acceptable and affordable housing, on-going supportive services are required to help the individual learn to live in the mainstream of society, to develop goals, and a budget addressing disabling conditions, and often modify behaviors developed for survival on the streets.

Addressing chronic homelessness requires consistent and patient outreach. Currently, the City refers low-income individuals, families, and those at high risk of homelessness to the appropriate service provider in or near the Lynwood area for homeless and social service questions. This year, the CDBG-CV- funded HOPICS program addressed chronically homeless individuals and families with temporary housing, behavioral health referrals, case management, benefits assistance, transportation, and employment services. Additionally, the City of Lynwood is finalizing a Homelessness Plan that would benefit the City, as it would better inform and guide its homeless strategy, strengthen partnerships, coordinate resources, and open the City to wider funding opportunities. 28 CAPER 21
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The city is seeking funding opportunities and/or utilizing other grant funds to target individuals and households experiencing homelessness by either using the funds towards land cost and construction of an emergency shelter or utilizing a City-owned facility to develop an emergency shelter. 29 CAPER 22
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CR-30 - Public Housing 91.220(h); 91.320(j)
Actions taken to address the needs of public housing
There are no public housing developments in the City. Consequently, this section does not apply.

Actions taken to encourage public housing residents to become more involved in management and participate in homeownership
N/A
Actions taken to provide assistance to troubled PHAs
N/A
30 CAPER 23
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CR-35 - Other Actions 91.220(j)-(k); 91.320(i)-(j)
Actions taken to remove or ameliorate the negative effects of public policies that serve as barriers to affordable housing such as land use controls, tax policies affecting land, zoning ordinances, building codes, fees and charges, growth limitations, and policies affecting the return on residential investment. 91.220 (j); 91.320 (i) The City of Lynwood is committed to addressing the negative effects of public policies over which it has control. In order to promote integration and prevent low-income concentrations, the City designed its affordable housing programs to be available Citywide. This priority also serves to make sure that the City does not have any policies, rules, or regulations that would lead to minority or racial concentrations.

Lynwood continued to demonstrate a willingness to encourage housing development of all types. During 2020, the City approved several zone changes and Code amendments to allow for development of a variety of housing types, including those that benefit low and moderate-income people. It also makes an effort to fast-track projects and process permits in a timely manner. The City maintained its current posture of openness and willingness to entertain new ideas and eliminate any regulatory barriers under its control in the provision of a variety of housing to meet the needs of all income groups.

In addition, the City continued to work cooperatively within existing legislatively mandated constraints and worked to develop and/or encourage public policies that foster further affordable housing development and assistance.

Actions taken to address obstacles to meeting underserved needs. 91.220(k); 91.320(j) The primary obstacle to meeting all of the identified needs, including those identified as priorities is the lack of funding resources available to the public and private agencies who serve the needs of low- and moderate-income residents. Housing and community development needs in the community far exceed the funding resources available.

Efforts to Address Worst Case Needs - Worst case housing needs are defined as low income (0 to 50% of MFI) renter households who pay more than half their income for rent, live in seriously substandard housing (which includes homeless people) or have been involuntarily displaced. In an effort to address worst case housing needs, a number of programs and services were offered during the FY 2023-2024.

These include the following:
 Section 8 Housing Assistance Agency -The Los Angeles County Development Authority (LACDA) serviced the City of Lynwood and provided Section 8 assistance to the residents. The primary objective of the Section 8 Voucher Rental Assistance program is to assist low-income (0 to 50% of MFI) persons and households, including those who are homeless or in danger of becoming homeless, in making rents affordable.
31 CAPER 24
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 Fair Housing Organization - The City provided landlord/tenant information and assistance through a contract with a Fair Housing Organization.
 Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation Programs - Households who own and occupy their home were able to apply for one of the Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation Programs offered by the City. Through these programs, funds were available to assist low and moderate-income (0 to 80% of MFI) homeowners in making needed rehabilitation improvements and upgrades to their single-family residence. Funds for these programs were limited and allocated on a first-come, first-served basis. The various programs the City offered were as follows: Loan Program and Grant Program.

Efforts to Address the Accessibility Needs of Persons With Disabilities - The City of Lynwood used several different approaches to the housing needs of persons with disabilities including policy change via local legislation and the zoning code by providing ‘reasonable accommodations’ requests and requiring that all new construction meet the accessibility requirements of Section 504 and the Fair Housing Act. In addition, the City of Lynwood continued to use a variety of funding sources to improve mobility and accessibility to sidewalks, offered a Senior/Disable Nutrition Lunch program, free transportation services through Dial-A-Taxi, and continued to offer Metro Access, which is a safe, dependable transportation that is available for individuals who truly cannot use other types of public transportation because of their disability.

The City is always seeking non-traditional ways to develop affordable housing units and meet community development needs; work to combine funding sources and leverage private funds to develop affordable housing; and, to work with the federal government to ensure that sufficient funding continues in order to meet needs.

Actions taken to reduce lead-based paint hazards. 91.220(k); 91.320(j) This section should be titled "Actions taken to address Lead Based Paint Hazards" 91.220 (k); 91.320 (j).

As of FY 2001-02, the City of Lynwood began implementing the new HUD Lead Based Paint Regulations (Title X), which requires all federally assisted housing programs, including rehabilitation, homeownership and tenant-based subsidy systems, to address lead hazards.

During the FY 2023-2024, the City continued its program of education and eradication of lead-based paint through the operation of its Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation Program. This program provided assistance to low-income homeowners; the target groups most likely to be living in older housing with lead-based paint.

The City procured the service of a State Certified Lead Consultant to provide the following services during the last FY:
 Lead-based paint and soil inspection
32 CAPER 25
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 Lead-based paint risk assessment
 Lead-based paint hazard reduction monitoring
 Post-hazard reduction clearance test.

Under the Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation Program, the City continued to provide each owner who participated with both oral and written information regarding the dangers of lead-based paint and what to do about it. Owners of properties constructed prior to 1978 were required to meet certain lead- based paint requirements prior to being assisted. These requirements include the following:
 Distribution of lead-based paint notification pamphlets to all households occupying assisted units.
 Inspection of all properties for defective paint surfaces.  Abatement of all defective paint surfaces that are identified at the time of the inspection.

Through the Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation Program, financial assistance was provided to eradicate the problem. Full abatement was undertaken in any rehabilitation projects over $25,000, as needed. It was the responsibility of the City's Community Development Department to ensure that properties constructed prior to 1978 met the lead-based paint requirements and any abatement of defective paint surfaces were completed by contractors certified by the State of California Department of Health Services. A copy of the contractor's certification is kept on file.

The City does not operate a Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (TBRA) program or currently have a First Time Homebuyer Program. Therefore, requirements relating to Children with Environmental Intervention Blood Lead Levels (EIBLL) do not apply to the City as related to these programs.

Actions taken to reduce the number of poverty-level families. 91.220(k); 91.320(j) Lynwood, through the Los Angeles County Development Authority (LACDA) Section 8 Voucher program, provided services to Lynwood residents. In addition, services in the form of referrals were provided to households living in poverty through networks of social and public service agencies and programs for health services, food, housing, and shelters and Los Angeles County offices offering financial assistance. The City provides resources to households living in poverty through networks of social and public service agencies and programs. Specifically, resources, food and shelter referrals are provided to assist households on need.

Special services are provided to Lynwood seniors in the form of health, safety and exercise classes, and legal aid and Dial-A-Ride. The Steelworkers Foundation provides hot meals Monday through Friday at a City Facility. In addition, low-income residents may receive Health Care Screening and vaccinations, free of charge, through St. Francis Medical Center located in the City of Lynwood. Referrals are made to the Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services for financial assistance to a variety of disabled persons including cooking, cleaning, personal care and transportation. The City’s Rehabilitation program provides preferential slots to expedite applications of seniors wishing to participate in the City’s 33 CAPER 26
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Rehabilitation program. Various youth programs and activities are ongoing in the City.

Actions taken to develop institutional structure. 91.220(k); 91.320(j) The implementation of the FY 2023-2024 Action Plan was highly dependent upon the support and cooperation of numerous levels of government and the private sector, including for-profit and non- profit organizations. In order to eliminate gaps in institutional structures and to enhance coordination, the City remains actively involved with outside agencies and regional governmental entities, especially in the area of economic development. The City is governed by a five-member City Council. The City Council reviews, holds hearings, approves the funding priorities, and approves the submission of the Action Plan to HUD. The City’s Community Development Department was the lead agency in the coordination of the Action Plan. It coordinated the economic activities, developed and implemented the programs that rehabilitated and preserved the neighborhoods, developed and rehabilitated affordable housing, and provided rental assistance referrals to the very low-income and special-needs segments of the City's population.

While the Community Development Department had the major responsibility for the Action Plan budgeting, project formulation, and program implementation, other City departments, government agencies, social service agencies, and Lynwood residents played an important role. There were several inter-departmental programs, primarily in the area of neighborhood quality of life that were composed of a wide variety of City agencies. All were funded through CDBG or HOME as funding sources as well as other funding mechanisms that helped augment and leverage Action Plan Resources. Guidelines for expenditure of CDBG and HOME funds were provided as needed or when changes to programs occurred. The Community Development Department provided departments and City-related agencies with training in HUD grant regulations as needed throughout the FY.

There were many organizations that actively collaborate in the areas of housing, homeless services, and community and economic development, and coordinate closely in both the preparation and implementation of the Action Plan. The City for its part promoted and encouraged fair housing, housing assistance, and single-family home rehabilitation.

One of the biggest challenges the City faced was the lack of and ever-decreasing amount of funds available in maintaining and furthering housing and community development goals. In addition, foundation giving declined. A related challenge was the need for better coordination and cooperation between the City and social service and health providers. For homeless activities, a seamless approach to provision of transitional and permanent housing services required that such providers be actively involved in each facet of the Continuum of Care. However, other housing activities, needed to be integrated within the social service and health provider community as well.

The key to a strong institutional structure was the ability of social service providers to develop and share data on the progress and status of beneficiaries through the development of integrated information systems. There are several data information systems in place that, to various degrees, track 34 CAPER 27
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the progress of a variety of beneficiaries from initial intake, through provision of services, and to completion of participation.

Institutions playing a major role in delivery of community development programs often have different mandates, and consequently different priorities and strategies to achieve them. These mandates are most often imposed by Congress, and reflected through the regulations of federal funding agencies. In several cases, goals may overlap or conflict.

Actions taken to enhance coordination between public and private housing and social service agencies. 91.220(k); 91.320(j)
The City carried out the FY 2023-2024 Action Plan through various organizations including a number of social service agencies funded through CDBG grant funds (Fair Housing Foundation, HOPICS, Lynwood Athletics Community Services, Lynwood Senior Program, Lynwood Afterschool Program, Lynwood Sports Program, Lynwood Marlins Swim Team, and The Harmony Project). In addition, various City departments worked together to achieve the goals of the Action Plan, including the Community Development Department Housing & Economic Development Division (Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation Program) and Public Safety Division (Code Enforcement) and the Public Works (Street Improvement Projects).

The City also worked with the State, other local governments (County of Los Angeles), private industry construction contractors, non-profit organizations and social service providers to provide community, housing, and social service programs and projects. The City was committed to extend and strengthen partnerships among all levels of government and the private sector, including for-profit and non-profit organizations. The means of cooperation and coordination with these various groups continued to enhance the services provided to our residents.

Identify actions taken to overcome the effects of any impediments identified in the jurisdictions analysis of impediments to fair housing choice. 91.520(a) The City has always had an ongoing commitment to prevent, reduce, and ultimately eliminate housing discrimination and other barriers related to equal opportunity in housing choice. In order to expand housing opportunities for all groups, make a significant impact in affirmatively furthering the goal of fair housing choice, and eliminating impediments for fair housing choice, the City continued to contract with a fair housing organization (Fair Housing Foundation). This agency implemented a Fair Housing Program within Lynwood that provided an extensive and comprehensive community education program to inform the community about fair housing laws. In addition, the City continued to offer housing programs without impediments based on race, color, religion, sex, disability, familial status, or national origin. The City also strived to increase the awareness of the availability and benefits of City programs regarding housing choice and housing assistance through public information to the community. This information was distributed to the community in a number of ways, including notices placed in the City’s newsletter, website, and other social media outlets (i.e. Facebook, Twitter, etc.). This proved to have a 35 CAPER 28
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positive impact on the community by ensuring that the community is aware of the different services provided by the City of Lynwood.
36 CAPER 29
OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
CR-40 - Monitoring 91.220 and 91.230
Describe the standards and procedures used to monitor activities carried out in furtherance of the plan and used to ensure long-term compliance with requirements of the programs involved, including minority business outreach and the comprehensive planning requirements
The City understands that all efforts using federal, state, and local resources to carry out its Action Plan must be conducted in accordance with established laws, regulations, and sound management and accounting practices. The following procedures have been established for monitoring activities for the CDBG, CDBG-CV, and HOME funded programs:
 Ongoing, internal reviews of progress reports and expenditures  Regular internal meetings to coordinate staff efforts in regard to performance and compliance  Periodic reports to appropriate City officials and other stakeholders  Full review of audit statements and other documentation from sub-recipients prior to disbursement of funds
 On-site visits of all sub-recipients to ensure compliance with federal regulations. Technical assistance is provided where necessary
 Project and financial data on CDBG-funded activities will be maintained using the HUD software - IDIS (Integrated Disbursement Information System). Use of this system will allow HUD staff easy access to local data for review and progress evaluation Under the supervision of the City Manager, the Director of Community Development oversees the CDBG and HOME funded programs for the City. This position ensures that all of the CDBG and HOME-funded programs are implemented in compliance with federal regulations and local policy. This would include ensuring compliance with Davis-Bacon, environmental review, fair housing, minority and women owned business enterprises, Section 3, affirmative marketing through on-going monitoring of programs and services assisted with CDBG and HOME funds.

The Director of Community Development coordinates with the different internal departments/division receiving CDBG funds to operate the Code Enforcement Program, the Public Works Street Improvement Projects, and the Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation Program. However, each program is administered or coordinated by the appropriate staff in each department/division and supervised by the Director of that department.

The Administrative Analyst II, under the direction of the Director of Community Development, coordinates with the CDBG-funded sub-recipients, including CDBG-CV (Fair Housing Foundation, HOPICS, Lynwood Athletics Community Services, Lynwood Senior Program, Lynwood Afterschool Program, Lynwood Sports Program, Lynwood Marlins Swim Team, and The Harmony Project) in the administration of their programs.

The lead person for the Consolidated Plan preparation and yearly reporting is the Director of Community 37 CAPER 30
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Development under the supervision of the City Manager.

Citizen Participation Plan 91.105(d); 91.115(d)
Describe the efforts to provide citizens with reasonable notice and an opportunity to comment on performance reports.

Public participation has been encouraged in compliance with the City of Lynwood’s Citizen Participation Plan (CPP) and by the Final Rule on the Consolidated Submission issued January 5, 1995. On September 29, 2024, a notice of the availability of the Consolidated Annual Performance and Evaluation Report (CAPER) for the period of July 1, 2023, to June 30, 2024, was published in the Long Beach Press Telegram announcing the 15-day public comment period to begin on September 29, 2024, and concluded on October 14, 2024. Three (3) notices of the availability of the CAPER were also posted within the City of Lynwood (inside City Hall, outside City Hall at the kiosk, and on the City’s website). A Spanish language 15-day public comment period began on September 29, 2024, through October 14, 2024. No comments have been received to date.

The CAPER was made available for review at the City Clerk’s Office and the Community Development Department at City Hall, and on the City's website (https://www.lynwoodca.gov/).

No Comments were received.
38 CAPER 31
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CR-45 - CDBG 91.520(c)
Specify the nature of, and reasons for, any changes in the jurisdiction’s program objectives and indications of how the jurisdiction would change its programs as a result of its experiences.

In response to the coronavirus pandemic, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) announced the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act), which made available supplemental CDBG funding (CDBG-CV grants) to entitlement communities to prevent, prepare for, and respond to the coronavirus pandemic. Under the CARES Act, the City of Lynwood received a total amount of $1,271,928. CDBG-CV funds were programmed for Housing and Utility Assistance, Essential Goods Reimbursement, Senior Nutrition Program, Small Business Assistance Program, Burial Costs, HOPICS, and CV Program Administration. To date, the City as expended $1,020,069 of CDBG-CV funds.

There was no discontinuation or reduction of any non-CV related activities, and Annual Action Plan goals and objectives were met. The City continues to monitor CDBG program performance to assess whether or not changes in program objectives are necessary. Any changes in program objectives would constitute an amendment to the Consolidated Plan and Annual Action Plan.

The City continues to carry out its CDBG Program with the HUD resources indicated in the Consolidated Plan. The City provided all requested certifications of consistency in its Annual Action Plan, in a fair and impartial manner. More importantly, the City did not hinder Consolidated Plan implementation by action or willful inaction. The City’s five-year consolidated plan was deliberately established to create a simple framework upon which a more extensive and comprehensive structure can be developed in future years. Public agencies, non-profit organizations, and for-profit organizations all contribute to providing community development and support services in Lynwood.

Impact On Identified Needs
Overall, the largest impact on the identified housing and community development needs has been the level of funding compared to number of households in need of assistance. The City continues to fund those projects and activities that address the highest and greatest need within the community.

Nonetheless, the strategies outlined in the Consolidated Plan and the activities undertaken in 2023-2024 were able to have an impact on identified needs. CDBG-CV funds provided through the CARES Act provided housing and utility assistance, resources to those who were homeless or at risk of being homeless, and business assistance to low-income households still being financially affected by COVID-

19. Barriers To Fulfilling Strategies
39 CAPER 32
OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
The greatest barrier to fulfilling strategies is the lack of available public and private financial resources.

Needs identified in the Consolidated Plan include, but are not limited to: additional public services, infrastructure and facility improvements, and housing.

While CDBG funds have significantly impacted meeting community development and housing needs, the demand for services is enormous. The City continues to fund those projects and activities that address the highest and greatest needs as indicated by resident input, community leaders and consultation with community stakeholders. Further, CDBG-CV funds provided through the CARES Act provided housing and utility assistance, resources to those who were homeless or at risk of being homeless, and business assistance to low-income households who are still financially affected by COVID-19.

As FY 2023-2024 was the City’s fourth annual program implementation report under the 2020-2024 Consolidated Plan, overall, major goals are on target.

Does this Jurisdiction have any open Brownfields Economic Development Initiative (BEDI) grants?
No
[BEDI grantees] Describe accomplishments and program outcomes during the last year. 40 CAPER 33
OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
CR-50 - HOME 91.520(d)
Include the results of on-site inspections of affordable rental housing assisted under the program to determine compliance with housing codes and other applicable regulations Please list those projects that should have been inspected on-site this program year based upon the schedule in §92.504(d). Indicate which of these were inspected and a summary of issues that were detected during the inspection. For those that were not inspected, please indicate the reason and how you will remedy the situation.

The City does not have any HOME funded rental housing. Therefore, no on-site inspections of affordable rental housing was required or taken place during the program year.

Provide an assessment of the jurisdiction's affirmative marketing actions for HOME units.

92.351(b)
In addition to prohibiting discrimination, fair housing and equal opportunity laws require recipients of federal housing funds to be proactive in encouraging participation in any projects or programs funded through federal sources. They must affirmatively market housing, employment and contracting opportunities to minorities, women, and low-income residents and businesses.

The City effectively promoted affirmative marketing through the following actions:
 Use of the fair housing logo or equal opportunity language in marketing materials, posters on office walls, and referrals to a fair housing agency
 Use of funding agreements to require subrecipients to comply with requirements relating to equal employment opportunities;
 Use of non-English language newspapers (as needed), informing service agencies about projects, and translators at public meetings
Furthermore, the City maintained the following marketing requirements and procedures:
 Methods of informing the public, owners, and potential tenants about federal fair housing laws and the City's affirmative marketing policy
 Procedures to be used to inform and solicit applications from the persons in the housing market area that are not likely to apply for housing without special outreach.  Records that will be kept describing actions taken by the City and subrecipients in affirmatively marketing programs and projects.

For employment and other economic development opportunities generated by certain HUD financial assistance, the City shall, to the greatest extent feasible, and in conformance with existing Federal, State, and local law and regulations, be directed to low and very-low income persons, particularly those 41 CAPER 34
OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
who are recipients of government assistance for housing, and to building contractors which provide economic opportunity to low and very-low income persons as required under Section 3.

In addition, the City maintained the following employment and contracting requirements:
 Adoption of a formal policy concerning nondiscrimination in employment, and a designated department to oversee compliance;
 Procedures in notifying minority and female recruitment sources for Request for Proposals on City projects;
 Placement of minority and women-owned businesses (MBE/WBEs) on solicitation lists; and  Use the services and assistance of the Small Business Administration and Minority Business Development Agency, to encourage MBE/WBD participation in City projects.

For all federally funded contracts, the City had set forms that were included in all bid packages. These forms consisted of a listing of federal equal employment opportunity/affirmative action requirements, requirements for contracting with small and minority-owned firms, women's business enterprise and labor surplus area information, certification regarding performance of previous contracts or subcontracts subject to the equal opportunity clause and the filing of required reports.

Refer to IDIS reports to describe the amount and use of program income for projects, including the number of projects and owner and tenant characteristics During FY 2023-2024, a total of $415,490 was received in HOME Funds and $123,625 was received in HOME program income. The total program income received was receipted in IDIS during the program year. An additional $1,586,531 was available as carryover funds including program income from prior years.

HOME Program activities are consistent with the City's stated goals and objectives of the Consolidated Plan. However due to annual reductions in HOME funds, the City continues to re-evaluate and amend goals as needed depending on the availability of future funding.

During this reporting period, the City allocated HOME funds to the following projects/programs:

Project Activity Amount
Allocated Actual Expended
Home Administration Administration $41,549 $34,906.64
Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation
Program – HOME Grants Rehabilitation $150,000 $27,103
Owner-Occupied
Rehabilitation Program –
HOME Loans
Rehabilitation $676,618 $122,811
42 CAPER 35
OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
Down Payment
Assistance
Affordable
Housing $570,000 $0
Community Housing
Development
Organization (CHDO)
Acquisition,
Rehabilitation,
and/or
Construction
$563,854 $0
Table 14 – Funds Made Available
The Owner-occupied Rehabilitation Program provides grants and/or loans to low- and moderate-income owner-occupied households that need financial assistance to bring their house up to current housing quality standards. Three (3) grants and one (1) loan were provided to eligible Lynwood residents during this program year.

Describe other actions taken to foster and maintain affordable housing. 91.220(k) (STATES ONLY: Including the coordination of LIHTC with the development of affordable housing).

91.320(j)
The City of Lynwood tried to foster and maintain owner-occupied housing through the different programs funded with CDBG and HOME funds. Successful implementation of these efforts relied on the collaborative effort of many community partners including public agencies, government, housing developers, non-profit agencies, and groups. The City used its own City newsletter (Lynwood N' Perspective), website, social media outlets (i.e. Facebook, twitter, etc.), and community events to promote these services as well as to promote its housing and community service programs.

Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation (OOR) assistance continue to be provided to low- and moderate-income families to preserve housing standards. Code enforcement activities remained an important component for maintaining and improving Lynwood’s housing stock, focusing on problems that threaten safety and security. Through these efforts, housing affordability continued to be maintained. 43 CAPER 36
OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
CR-58 – Section 3
Identify the number of individuals assisted and the types of assistance provided Total Labor Hours CDBG HOME
Total Number of Activities 0 0
Total Labor Hours 0 0
Total Section 3 Worker Hours 0 0
Total Targeted Section 3 Worker Hours 0 0
Table 15 – Total Labor Hours
Qualitative Efforts - Number of Activities by Program CDBG HOME Outreach efforts to generate job applicants who are Public Housing Targeted Workers 0 0
Outreach efforts to generate job applicants who are Other Funding Targeted Workers. 0 0
Direct, on-the job training (including apprenticeships). 0 0 Indirect training such as arranging for, contracting for, or paying tuition for, off-site training. 0 0
Technical assistance to help Section 3 workers compete for jobs (e.g., resume assistance, coaching). 0 0
Outreach efforts to identify and secure bids from Section 3 business concerns. 0 0 Technical assistance to help Section 3 business concerns understand and bid on contracts. 0 0
Division of contracts into smaller jobs to facilitate participation by Section 3 business concerns. 0 0
Provided or connected residents with assistance in seeking employment including: drafting resumes, preparing for interviews, finding job opportunities, connecting residents to job placement services. 0 0
Held one or more job fairs. 0 0
Provided or connected residents with supportive services that can provide direct services or referrals. 0 0
Provided or connected residents with supportive services that provide one or more of the following: work readiness health screenings, interview clothing, uniforms, test fees, transportation.
0 0
Assisted residents with finding child care. 0 0
Assisted residents to apply for, or attend community college or a four year educational institution. 0 0
Assisted residents to apply for, or attend vocational/technical training. 0 0 44 CAPER 37
OMB Control No: 2506-0117 (exp. 09/30/2021)
Assisted residents to obtain financial literacy training and/or coaching. 0 0 Bonding assistance, guaranties, or other efforts to support viable bids from Section 3 business concerns. 0 0
Provided or connected residents with training on computer use or online technologies. 0 0
Promoting the use of a business registry designed to create opportunities for disadvantaged and small businesses. 0 0
Outreach, engagement, or referrals with the state one-stop system, as designed in Section 121(e)(2) of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act.
0 0
Other. 0 0
Table 16 – Qualitative Efforts - Number of Activities by Program Narrative
The City did not have active Section 3 eligible activities for Program Year 2023-2024. 45 AGENDA STAFF REPORT

DATE:

October 15, 2024
TO:

Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
APPROVED BY:

Julian Lee, City Manager
PREPARED BY:

Gabriel Linares, Community Development Director
SUBJECT:

ADOPTION OF A NEW ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ELEMENT AND
UPDATE TO THE SAFETY ELEMENT: GENERAL PLAN AMENDMENT
NO. GPA 2024-02 AND RESOLUTION TO AMEND THE LYNWOOD

MUNICIPAL CODE IN ORDER TO ADOPT AND UPDATE THE
LYNWOOD GENERAL PLAN 2021-2029 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
ELEMENT AND THE SAFETY ELEMENT.

Agenda Item # 8.2.

Recommendation:

It is recommended that the Lynwood City Council:

1 .

CONDUCT
a public hearing and receive public testimony
2 .

ADOPT
Resolution XXX approving the General Plan Amendment No. GPA 2024-02 3 .

FIND
that the actions taken under this Resolution are exemption from the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”) pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15061(b)(3).

Background:

California's Government Code section 65302 sets forth the required contents of each jurisdiction’s general plan. Since the adoption of the current City of Lynwood General Plan in 2003, new provisions regarding environmental justice and the safety element applicable to Lynwood were added to the Government Code.

For the safety element, effective since January 1, 2017, upon the next revision of a local hazard mitigation plan, the safety element shall be reviewed and updated as necessary to City Council City Council Regular Meeting 46
address climate adaptation and resilience strategies applicable to the city. In addition, upon the next revision of the housing element on or after January 1, 2020, the safety element shall be reviewed and updated as necessary to identify residential developments in any hazard area that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes. On February 16, 2021, the
City adopted a revised Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. The City is currently in the process of adopting a revised Housing Element.

For environmental justice, effective since January 1, 2018, cities that have a disadvantaged community shall adopt or review an environmental justice element (or related goals, policies, and objectives integrated in other elements) upon the adoption or next revision of two or more general plan elements concurrently. Disadvantaged communities comprise most or all of the City of Lynwood in that over 90% of the city has a CalEnviroScreen score of over 80%. The minimum threshold score for a census tract being classified as a disadvantaged community is 75%.

Passed in 2006, Assembly Bill No. 2140 (AB 2140) allows California counties and cities to be considered for additional state cost-share on eligible Public Assistance projects by adopting their current,
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
approved local hazard
mitigation plans (LHMPs) into the Safety Element of their General Plan. This adoption, along with other requirements, makes the county or city eligible to be considered for part or all of its local-share costs on eligible Public Assistance projects to be provided by the state through the California Disaster Assistance Act (CDAA).

AB 2140 compliance is
not
a requirement; it is an optional state incentive to help counties and cities become more resilient to natural hazards. For eligible Public Assistance projects, the typical local (non-federal) cost share is 25% of the total project cost. CDAA can allow the state to pay up to 18.75% of the non-federal share, that would otherwise fall upon the county or city, to pay for eligible Public Assistance projects once the legislature has passed a bill allowing additional state funding after a disaster occurs. Upon approval of the legislature, counties and cities that are AB 2140 compliant are also eligible to be considered for the remaining 6.25% local share to be funded by the state, essentially covering the entire local-share cost for eligible Public Assistance projects. This funding is not guaranteed.

On February 16, 2021, the City Council by resolution adopted a FEMA-approved Local Hazard Mitigation Plan as part of the City’s General Plan Safety Element. To complete AB 2140 compliance, the Lynwood General Plan Safety Element will need to include language that references the LHMP and a web link, appendix, or language within the Safety Element that directs the public to the most current, approved LHMP in its entirety.

Lynwood’s compliance with AB 2140 would expire in February 2026 when the current LHMP expires. To maintain compliance with AB 2140 upon expiration of the current LHMP, the City City Council City Council Regular Meeting 47
would need to obtain FEMA approval of an LHMP, effective for five years, and adopt the most current FEMA-approved LHMP into the General Plan Safety Element.

In order to fulfill the safety element and environmental justice requirements in state law, and ensure the City is eligible for additional state funding provided by AB 2140, the City of Lynwood, in conjunction with its contractor, Bowman (formerly Infrastructure Engineers) has prepared a) a new Environmental Justice Element, and b) an update to the city’s Safety Element.

PROJECT COMPONENTS:

The project is to adopt
General Plan Amendment GPA 2024-02
, which includes a) adoption
of an Environmental Justice Element, and b) adoption of updates to the Safety Element.

Environmental Justice Element

The Environmental Justice Element content is governed by California Government Code

65302(h). The Environmental Justice Element (available online at the location noted below the attachments) includes the following sections:

Section 1 – Introduction and Background.

The Introduction introduces the key
concepts, guiding principles, and statutes related to environmental justice, and the element’s relationship to the other elements of the General Plan.

Section 2 – Community Health Profile.

This section describes the conditions and
factors affecting community health in Lynwood.

Section 3 – Air Quality.

This section describes the air quality (pollution) conditions affecting communities in Lynwood.

Section 4 – Climate Change, Adaptation, and Resiliency.

This section describes the
national and state policy framework regarding climate change, adaptation, and resiliency to the effects of climate change.

Section 5 – Contamination.

This section describes the water and soil contamination hazards affecting Lynwood.

Section 6 – Access to Healthy Food.

This section describes access to healthy food in
Lynwood.

Section 7 – Health Care.

This section describes access to health care in Lynwood.

Section 8 – Safe and Sanitary Housing.

This section describes demographics and
housing conditions in Lynwood.

Section 9 – Physical Activity.

This section describes the availability of parks and
recreational facilities and community safety in Lynwood as these factors affect people’s ability to do physical activity.

City Council City Council Regular Meeting 48
Section 10 – Civic Engagement.

This section describes barriers to community
engagement in Lynwood and potential strategies to encourage civic engagement.

Section 11 – Policies and Implementing Actions.

This section includes goals,
policies, and actions the City can take that further environmental justice in Lynwood.

The Environmental Justice Element's primary purpose is to identify objectives and policies to reduce the unique or compounded health risks in disadvantaged communities. Objectives, policies, and actions in the element reduce these health risks by:

Reducing pollution exposure, including improving air quality Promoting public facilities that lead to improved health Promoting access to healthy food
Promoting safe and sanitary housing
Promoting physical activity
Promoting civic engagement in the public decision-making process Prioritizing improvements and programs that address the needs of disadvantaged communities within the city.

Safety Element Update
The proposed supplement to the General Plan 2002 Public Safety Element (available online at the location noted below the attachments) includes supplemental updates to existing sections (Emergency Preparedness, Hazardous Materials, Geology & Seismicity) and the following new sections:

Flooding Hazards/Water Provision/Utilities/Services
Fire Hazards
Climate Change, Adaptation, and Resiliency
Goals/Policies Matrix
Definitions
Local Hazard Mitigation Plan

The supplemental updates to existing sections and new sections were informed by the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan adopted by the City in February 2021. These sections add goals and policies to protect the community from unreasonable risks associated with the full range of hazards affecting the community.

As required upon the most recent update of the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, the Climate Change, Adaptation, and Resiliency Section contains a vulnerability assessment that identifies the risks that climate change poses to the City. Adaptation and resilience goals and policies/implementation measures are contained throughout the Safety Element for each hazard affecting the community.

As required for the Safety Element upon the revision of the Housing Element, Page 3 of the supplement notes that Lynwood does not have any residential developments in any hazard area that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes.

To ensure the City's ability to comply with AB 2140 and be eligible for additional state funding, the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan section contains language adopting the City's Local Hazard Mitigation Plan into the Safety Element and contains a link to the web page where
the
LHMP
can
be viewed in
its entirety. For reference,
the
Local Hazard
Mitigation
Plan
is
available
online
at
the
location
noted below
the
attachments.

Discussion and Analysis:

City Council City Council Regular Meeting 49
Staff is recommending approval of General Plan Amendment (GPA) 2024-02 as this will fulfill state law requirements for the safety element and environmental justice. The safety element update will help to protect the City of Lynwood from unreasonable risks associated with the full range of hazards affecting the community. The proposed Environmental Justice Element will promote public health, protect City residents from environmental hazards, and improve the quality of life for all Lynwood residents with actions that address inequities resulting from environmental hazards and health impacts in the built environment. Furthermore, the safety element update will ensure that Lynwood is eligible to access potential state funding for Public Assistance projects.

Staff presented the proposed Environmental Justice Element and the Updated Safety Element to the Planning Commission on September 10, 2024. The Planning Commission held the public hearing, received comments from the public and recommended that the item be moved to the City Council for adoption under Planning Commission Resolution 3461.

General Plan Amendment (GPA) 2024-02 includes 1) adoption of an Environmental Justice Element, and 2) adoption of updates to the Safety Element.

Environmental Justice Element
The Environmental Justice Element content is governed by California Government Code 65302(h).

The Environmental Justice Element’s primary purpose is to identify objectives and policies to reduce the unique or compounded health risks in disadvantaged communities. Objectives, policies, and actions in the element reduce these health risks by:

Reducing pollution exposure, including improving air

quality
Promoting public facilities that lead
to improved health
Promoting access
to healthy food
Promoting
safe and sanitary housing
Promoting physical

activity
Promoting civic engagement
in the public decision-making process
Prioritizing improvements
and
programs
that address
the
needs of disadvantaged
communities within the city

Safety Element Update
The proposed supplement to the General Plan 2002 Public Safety Element includes supplemental updates to existing sections (Emergency Preparedness, Hazardous Materials, Geology & Seismicity) and the following new sections:

Flooding Hazards/Water

Provision/Utilities/Services
City Council City Council Regular Meeting 50
Fire

Hazards
Climate Change,
Adaptation,
and

Resiliency
Goals/Policies

Matrix
Definitions
Local Hazard
Mitigation

Plan

The supplemental updates to existing sections and new sections were informed by the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan adopted by the City in February 2021. These sections add goals and policies to protect the community from unreasonable risks associated with the full range of hazards affecting the community.

As required upon the most recent update of the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, the Climate Change, Adaptation, and Resiliency Section contains a vulnerability assessment that identifies the risks that climate change poses to the City. Adaptation and resilience goals and policies/implementation measures are contained throughout the Safety Element for each hazard affecting the community.

As required for the Safety Element upon the revision of the Housing Element, Page 3 of the supplement notes that Lynwood does not have any residential developments in any hazard area that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes.

To ensure the City’s ability to comply with AB 2140 and be eligible for additional state funding, the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan section contains language adopting the City’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan into the Safety Element and contains a link to the web page

where the LHMP can be viewed in its entirety. For reference, the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan is available online at the City's webpage and was last updated in 2021.

The proposed general plan amendment is not subject to the California Environmental Quality Act (Public Resources Code Section 21000, et seq.) (CEQA) pursuant to Section 15061(b)(3) of the State CEQA Guidelines because there is no possibility that it may have a significant effect on the environment. The proposed general plan elements do not contain any specific commitments to projects that would physically change the environment.

Pursuant to California Government Code Section 65091, a public hearing notice has been published in at least one newspaper of general circulation within the local agency. As such, the notice was published in the Daily Commerce on October 4, 2024. In addition, the notice was posted at three (3) public locations, which included inside City Hall, outside City Hall at City Council City Council Regular Meeting 51
C. Environmental Justice Element- 10.2024 (2).pdf
B. Supplement to General Plan 2002 Public Safety Element- Final August 2024.pdf PROOF OF PUBLICATION GPA 2024.pdf
PC Reso 3461 GPA 2024-02.pdf
CC Resolution approving General Plan Amendment No. GPA 2024.docx the kiosk, and on the City’s website.

Fiscal Impact:

No Fiscal Impact to the General Fund.

Coordinated With:

City Attorney ’s Office
Planning Commission

ATTACHMENTS:

Description
City Council City Council Regular Meeting 52
Environmental Justice Element Section 1: Introduction and Background 0 February 2023
53 Environmental Justice Element Section 1: Introduction and Background 1 Prepared By:

Infrastructure Engineers
3060 Saturn Street Suite 250
Brea, California 92821
Phone Number: (714) 940-0100

54 Environmental Justice Element Section 1: Introduction and Background 2 Table of Contents
Section 1: Introduction and Background ................................................................................................ 6 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 6 DEFINING ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ............................................................................................. 7 DEFINING DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES .................................................................................. 8 GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE .............................................................. 9 STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................ 9 Federal Policy Framework ................................................................................................................. 9 State Requirements ............................................................................................................................ 9 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER GENERAL PLAN ELEMENTS ............................................................ 12 Section 2: Community Health Profile ..................................................................................................... 15 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 15 POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................. 15 Age ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 Race and Ethnicity ............................................................................................................................ 16 Disability ............................................................................................................................................. 19 Familial Status ................................................................................................................................... 20 Life Expectancy and Social Determinants of Health .................................................................... 23 Languages Spoken and English Proficiency ................................................................................ 23 HOUSEHOLD INFORMATION ............................................................................................................ 24 Household Income ........................................................................................................................... 27 Elderly Households........................................................................................................................... 29 Disproportionate Housing Needs ................................................................................................... 29 Education ........................................................................................................................................... 32 Racially and Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty .............................................................. 32 Access to Opportunity ..................................................................................................................... 35 CALENVIROSCREEN FACTORS IN LYNWOOD ............................................................................. 40 Section 3: Air Quality ............................................................................................................................... 55 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 55 Criteria Pollutants and Standards .................................................................................................. 55 REGIONAL AIR QUALITY .................................................................................................................... 61 Pollution ............................................................................................................................................. 62 RESPIRATORY HEALTH AND AIR QUALITY IN DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES ............... 63 Air Pollution in Lynwood .................................................................................................................. 63 55 Environmental Justice Element Section 1: Introduction and Background 3 Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation, And Resiliency .................................................................... 66 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 66 Climate Change ................................................................................................................................ 66 Effects of Climate Change ............................................................................................................... 67 Effects of Climate Change in California ......................................................................................... 67 EXISTING REGULATIONS .................................................................................................................. 71 Federal Regulations ......................................................................................................................... 71 State of California Regulations ....................................................................................................... 72 California Regulations and Building Codes ................................................................................... 77 CLIMATE ACTION PLANNING ........................................................................................................... 79 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION .................................................................................................... 80 ICARP’s Adaptation Vision follows. ................................................................................................ 81 ICARP’s Adaptation Principles follow. ........................................................................................... 81 Section 5: Contamination ........................................................................................................................ 83 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 83 WATER CONTAMINATION ................................................................................................................. 83 Water Supplies .................................................................................................................................. 83 Water Quality ..................................................................................................................................... 84 Flood Hazards ................................................................................................................................... 84 Flooding/Flash Flood ........................................................................................................................ 85 Dam Failure ....................................................................................................................................... 87 SOIL CONTAMINATION ...................................................................................................................... 87 Oil and Gas Wells ............................................................................................................................. 87 Pipeline Rupture/Hazardous Material ............................................................................................ 88 Section 6: Access to Healthy Food ........................................................................................................ 90 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 90 EXISTING CONDITIONS ..................................................................................................................... 90 Grocery Stores .................................................................................................................................. 91 Farmers Markets ............................................................................................................................... 93 Restaurants ........................................................................................................................................ 93 Section 7: Health Care .......................................................................................................................... 100 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 100 ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE ............................................................................................................ 100 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ............................................................................................................... 100 MENTAL HEALTH ............................................................................................................................. 101 56 Environmental Justice Element Section 1: Introduction and Background 4 PHYSICAL HEALTH .......................................................................................................................... 101 MEDICAL FACILITIES/OFFICES ..................................................................................................... 101 TOBACCO USE ................................................................................................................................. 105 Section 8: Safe and Sanitary Housing ................................................................................................ 106 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 106 LYNWOOD HOUSING STOCK ........................................................................................................ 106 Housing Age and Conditions ....................................................................................................... 107 HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................................ 108 Special Needs ................................................................................................................................ 108 Elderly ............................................................................................................................................. 109 Large Households ......................................................................................................................... 109 Female-Headed Households ....................................................................................................... 110 Farm Workers ................................................................................................................................ 110 Homeless Persons ......................................................................................................................... 111 HOUSING BURDEN .......................................................................................................................... 111 Overpayment .................................................................................................................................. 112 Rental Housing ............................................................................................................................... 115 FOR-SALE HOUSING ....................................................................................................................... 116 Overcrowded Housing .................................................................................................................. 117 Housing Affordability and Overpayment .................................................................................... 118 Fair Housing Enforcement and Outreach Capacity .................................................................. 119 Integration and Segregation ........................................................................................................ 120 Disability .......................................................................................................................................... 123 Familial Status ................................................................................................................................ 124 Income ............................................................................................................................................ 127 Racially and Ethnically Concentrated Areas .............................................................................. 128 Access to Opportunity .................................................................................................................. 131 Section 9: Physical Activity .................................................................................................................. 133 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 133 PUBLIC HEALTH ............................................................................................................................... 133 PARKS AND RECREATIONAL FACILITIES ................................................................................... 134 COMMUNITY SAFETY ..................................................................................................................... 137 Section 10: Civic Engagement ............................................................................................................ 138 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 138 BARRIERS TO CIVIC ENGAGEMENT ............................................................................................ 138 57 Environmental Justice Element Section 1: Introduction and Background 5 Section 11: Policies and Implementing Actions ................................................................................ 140 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 140 GOAL 1 Promote safe and sanitary housing opportunities for all Lynwood residents (Section 8). ......................................................................................................................................................... 140 GOAL 2 Reduce City residents’ exposure to air, water, and soil pollution (Section 3 & Section 5). .......................................................................................................................................... 143 GOAL 3 Ensure resident access to healthy food (Section 6). .................................................. 144 GOAL 4 Encourage active engagement of all Lynwood residents, particularly residents of Disadvantaged Communities, in civic life and decision-making related to public health and environmental issues or any plans or programs that affect Disadvantaged Communities (Section 10). ....................................................................................................................................... 147 GOAL 5 Promote public recreational facilities and physical activity (Section 9). .................. 149 GOAL 6 Prioritize programs and improvements that address the needs of Disadvantaged Communities (Section 10 & Section 11). ....................................................................................... 151 GOAL 7 Reduce unique or compounded health risks in Disadvantaged Communities (Section 7). ......................................................................................................................................... 152 GOAL 8 Promote public facilities, defined as public improvements, public services, and community amenities for all Lynwood residents (Section 10). ................................................... 155 GOAL 9 Promote actions that contribute to decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and energy usage that lower greenhouse gas emissions and benefit Lynwood residents’ adaptation to Climate Change (Section 4). .................................................................................... 159 DEFINITIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 164

58 Environmental Justice Element Section 1: Introduction and Background 6 Section 1: Introduction and Background

INTRODUCTION

The primary focus of the Environmental Justice Element is to define actions the City of Lynwood can take to promote public health, to protect City residents from environmental hazards, and improve the quality of life for all Lynwood residents. To that extent, the Environmental Justice Element expresses the City of Lynwood’s commitment to fair treatment of people of all races, cultures, and incomes concerning the development, adoption, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. The Environmental Justice Element is intended to ensure the City of Lynwood (“City”; “Lynwood”) is a safe and healthy place for everyone by including policies in the planning and decision -making process that address inequities resulting from environmental hazards and health impacts in the built environment. The Environmental Justice Element will ensure all people have the right to live, work, and play in a safe and healthy environment. The Environmental Justice Element provides policy direction that supports environmental laws and regulations, together with policies that support guiding principles established in the Lynwood General Plan.

This Environmental Justice Element focuses on defining actions the City of Lynwood can take to promote public health, protect environmental hazards, and enrich the quality of life for all residents of Lynwood. The Environmental Justice Element stipulates the following primary Goals:

• To promote safe and sanitary housing opportunities for all Lynwood residents; • To reduce City residents’ exposure to air, water, and soil pollution; • To ensure City residents have access to healthy food; • To encourage active engagement of all Lynwood residents in civic life and decision - making;
• To promote public recreational facilities and physical activity; • To prioritize programs and improvements that address the needs of Disadvantaged Communities;
• Reduce unique or compounded health risks in “Disadvantaged Communities”; and • To promote public facilities, defined as public improvements, public services, and community amenities for all Lynwood residents.

The Environmental Justice Element satisfies the requirements of California (“State”) for such an Element in Lynwood’s General Plan. The Lynwood community’s well -being is consistently addressed in other General Plan Elements, such as:

• Open Space Element - community access to parks and opportunities for physical activity; • Land Use Element - land use compatibility and the built environment, and, • Circulation Element - active transportation and roadway safety. 59 Environmental Justice Element Section 1: Introduction and Background 7 DEFINING ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE

Environmental Justice is a concept based on the conviction that all people are entitled to l ive, work, and play in a healthy and clean environment regardless of race, ethnicity, culture, or income.

Low-income residents, communities of color, tribal nations, and immigrant communities have disproportionately experienced some of the most significant environmental burdens and related health problems throughout United States history. Low-income communities and communities of color often bear a disproportionate responsibility for pollution and associated health risks based on legacy decisions that pla ce industrial or other polluting uses adjacent to these communities.

In addition, residents in lower- income neighborhoods are more likely to be disadvantaged in having equal access to programs and places that make people healthy. This disadvantage resulted in the necessity of environmental justice, which arose from social and environmental movements during the 1960s and 1970s regarding polluting facilities within low -income neighborhoods or in communities of color. Historically, low -income residents, com munities of color, tribal nations, and immigrant communities have been located near freeways and other heavily traveled roadways, dangerous intersections, and industrial uses. These locations have had a direct and negative effect on the health of residents of those communities. The inequity in health is the result of several factors, such as:

• Improper zoning and land use planning practices;
• Discriminatory housing and lending practices;
• Limited political and economic power;
• Prioritization of business interests over public health; and, • Development patterns tend to concentrate pollution and environmental hazards in specific communities.

These factors often result in disadvantaged communities suffering an unhealthy quality of life, having less access to healthy food and fully equipped parks, and unsanitary and unsafe housing conditions. The balance of economic and environmental benefits is based outside the disadvantaged communities. Environmental justice intends to remedy this imbalance based on values of fairness and equity.

Environmental Justice intends to minimize the effects of environmental hazards and is defined by California Government Code Section 65040.12 as the “fair treatment and meaningful participation of people of all races, cultures, and incomes concerning the development, adoption, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.” Environmental Justice also intends to ensure:

• Availability of a healthy environment for all people; • Reduction of pollution burdens for populations and communities experiencing adverse effects;
• Promotion of meaningful participation of populations and communities most impacted through accessible engagement and technical assistance; and, • Consideration of recommendations from populations and communities most impacted by pollution in environmental and land-use decisions.
60 Environmental Justice Element Section 1: Introduction and Background 8 DEFINING DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES

“Disadvantaged Communities” are defined by California State law (Senate Bill 535) as (1) “an area identified by the California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) under Section 39711 of the Health and Safety C ode;” or (2) “a low -income area that is disproportionately affected by environmental pollution and other hazards that can lead to negative health effects, exposure, or environmental degradation” under California Government Code Section 650302(h)(4)(A).

“Public facilities” include public improvements, public services, and community amenities, as defined in subdivision (d) of Section 66000 of Senate Bill 1000.

“Low-income area” means an area with household incomes at or below 80% of the Statewide median income or with household incomes at or below the threshold designated as low income by the Department of Housing and Community Development’s list of state income limits adopted under Section 50093 of Senate Bill 1000.

Identified Disadvantaged Communities are eligible for Cap-and-Trade funding that can be used to improve environmental conditions and quality of life in the Disadvantaged Communities. The Cap- and-Trade Program is an essential component of California’s strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The program establishes an overall cap on emissions each year while offering flexibility in how companies achieve the stated goal by allowing the companies to buy and sell pollution credits in auctions. The Independent Legislat ive Analyst’s Office 2017 report indicated the program could generate as much as $8 billion over the next 10- years. Senate Bill 535 requires 25% of program proceeds to be distributed to projects that benefit Disadvantaged Communities.

California Assembly B ill 1550 further requires 25% of the proceeds to be spent on projects in Disadvantaged Communities. Examples of Cap-and-Trade funding projects include the following:
actions to reduce pollution from trucks near Disadvantaged Communities; planting trees in cities; constructing affordable housing near transit lines; improving energy efficiency in residences; and, funding outreach and engagement tools to empower Disadvantaged Communities.

CalEPA developed CalEnviroScreen as a mapping tool that helps identify California communities most affected by many pollution sources and where people are often especially vulnerable to pollution. CalEnviroScreen uses 20 indicators to calculate scores for every census tract in California. A census tract is a geographic boundary, most often the smallest or most complete geographic scale for which data is available. CalEnviroScreen ranks communities based on data available from Federal, State, Regional, and local public agency sources. Scores are mapped so different communities can be compared. An area with a high score experiences a higher burden than areas with low scores. According to CalEnviroScreen’s methodology, a disadvantaged community is defined as an area that scores in the top 25% (75% -100%) CalEnviro Screen indicators used for scoring and identifying disadvantaged communities are the following.

• Exposure Indicators – Exposure Indicators are based on measurements of different types of pollution that people may encounter, such as smog, drinking water, contaminants, and toxic releases.
• Environmental Effect Indicators – Environmental Effect Indicators are based on locations of toxic chemicals in or near communities, such as cleanup sites, groundwater threats, solid waste sites, and facilities.
61 Environmental Justice Element Section 1: Introduction and Background 9 • Sensitive Population Indicators – Sensitive Population Indicators measure the number of people in a community who may be more severely affected by the pollution burden because of their age or health.
• Socioeconomic Factor Indicators – Socioeconomic Factor Indicators a re conditions that may increase people’s stress or make healthy living difficult and cause them to be more sensitive to the effects of pollution, such as low household income, low educational level, unemployment.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE

Community input is imperative to the development of the Environmental Justice Element because identified Disadvantaged Communities should have access and opportunities for engagement in planning and decision -making processes that will affect them. To enhance this engagement, compensation for people with lived experience may include childcare, food, and transportation to promote meaningful engagement. In addition, searching for ways to have education and training opportunities, establishing an Environme ntal Justice Committee, or incorporating other community benefits are part of civic engagement in developing and integrating the environmental Justice Element into the Lynwood General Plan.

STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS

Federal Policy Framework

The basis for Environmental Justice is in the Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution. The Fourteenth Amendment expressly provides that the states may not “deny to any person within [their] jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” On Februa ry 11, 1994, President Bill Clinton signed Executive Order 12898, entitled “Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low -Income Populations.” This Executive Order originated from a United States Environmental Protection Agency 1992 report that indicated “racial minority and low-income populations experience higher than average exposures to selected air pollutants, hazardous waste facilities, and other forms of environmental pollution.” In addition, this Executive Order directed federal agencies to incorporate Environmental Justice into their missions. President Clinton underscored existing Federal laws that can be used to further Environmental Justice. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits any recipient (State or local entry or public or private agency) of Federal financial assistance from discriminating based on race, color, or national origin in its programs or activities. In addition, the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires environmental review for Federal actions or federally funded actions.

State Requirements

Anti-discrimination laws existed in California before the first State Environmental Justice legislation in 1999. The California Constitution prohibits discrimination in the operation of public employment, public education, or public contracting. State law also prohibits discrimination under any program or activity funded or administered by the State. Planning and Zoning Law (Gov. Code, Section 65008, sub. (a) prohibits any local entity from denying any individual, or group, the enjoyment of residence, land ownership, tenancy, or any other land use in California due to race, 62 Environmental Justice Element Section 1: Introduction and Background 10 sex, gender, color, religion, ethnicity, national origin, ancestry, lawful occupation, or age, among other bases, of the individual or group of individuals. The Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA) (Gov. Code Section 12900, et seq.) explicitly prohibits housing discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, ancestry, family status, disability, or source of income.

In 1999, the California State Legislature approved, and the Governor signed, Senate Bill 115 (Chapter 690, Statutes of 1999) into law, thereby defining Environmental Justice in statute and establishing the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) as the coordinating agency for State Environmental Justice programs (Gov. Code, Section 65040.12). Assembly Bill 1553 (Chapter 762, Statutes of 2001) subsequently required the Office of Planning and Research to develop guidance for general plans by 2003. Since 2003, the General Plan outlines Environmental Justice considerations for local jurisdictions under Government Code Section 65040.12(d).

Assembly Bill 1553 (Government Code Section 65040.12(d))

This Section of the Government Code yielded Office of Planning and Research guidelines under subdivision (s) and thereby recommended provisions for general plans to do all the following:

(1) Propose methods for planning for the equitable distribution of new public facilities and services that increase and enhance community quality of life throughout the community, given the fiscal and legal constraints that restrict the siting of these facilities.
(2) Propose methods for providing for the loca tion of industrial facilities and uses that, even with the best available technology, will contain or produce material that poses a significant hazard to human health and safety (due to its quantity, concentration, or physical or chemical characteristic). These methods should be proposed in a manner that seeks to avoid over-concentrating these uses in proximity to schools or residential dwellings.
(3) Propose methods for providing for the location of new schools and residential dwellings in a manner that seeks to avoid locating these uses in proximity to industrial facilities and uses that will contain or produce material that poses a significant hazard to human health and safety (due to its quantity, concentration, or physical or chemical characteristic).
(4) Propose methods for promoting more livable communities by expanding opportunities for transit -oriented development so that residents minimize traffic and pollution impacts from traveling for work, shopping, schools, and recreation.

Senate Bill 1000 – Government Code Section 65302(h)

California Senate Bill 1000 (Leyva, 2016) amended Government Code Section 65302 to require cities and counties with Disadvantaged Communities to incorporate Environmental Justice policies into their general plans. These policies can be included as a separate Environmental Justice element or by integrating related goals, policies, and objectives throughout the other elements upon adoption or next revision of two or more general plan elements concurrently.

California Senate Bill 10 00 (SB 1000) requires local jurisdictions to address pollution and other hazards that disproportionately impact low-income communities and communities of color within 63 Environmental Justice Element Section 1: Introduction and Background 11 their respective jurisdictions. Local jurisdictions must proactively plan for and addres s environmental concerns when developing and updating the respective General Plan components.

SB 1000 requires all cities to address environmental justice issues upon updating two or more General Plan Elements. To incorporate environmental justice into the Lynwood General Plan, disadvantaged communities must be identified, and strategies need to be developed to mitigate and reduce environment -related health risks within these communities. This Environmental Justice Element addresses the following six primary public health and safety concerns, as outlined in California State Senate Bill 1000 (SB 1000):

• Pollution exposure;
• Air quality;
• Access to public facilities;
• Access to healthy food;
• Safe and sanitary housing; and,
• Physical activity.

With the passage of Senate Bill 1000 in 2016, Environmental Justice remains a mandatory element or topic that must be addressed in jurisdictions with disadvantaged communities . Following are provisions of California Senate Bill 1000.

(1) An environmental justice element, or related goals, policies, and objectives integrated with other factors, that identifies disadvantaged communities within the area covered by the general plan of the city, county, or city and county, if the city, county, or city and county has a disadvantaged community. The environmental justice element, or related environmental justice goals, policies, and objectives integrated with other factors shall do all of the following:
(A) Identify objectives and policies to reduce the unique or compounded health risks in disadvantaged communities by means that include but are not limited to: the reduction of pollution exposure, the improvement of air quality, and the promotion of public facilities, food access, safe and sanitary homes, and physical activity.
(B) Identify objectives and policies to promote civic engagement in the public decision-making process.
(C) Identify objectives and policies that prioritize improvements and programs that address the needs of disadvantaged communities.
(2) A city, county, or city and county subject to this subdivision shall adopt or review the environmental justice element, or the environmental justice goals, policies, and objectives in other elements, upon the adoption or next revision of two or more elements concurrently on or after January 1, 2018.
(3) By adding this subdivision, the Legislature does not intend to require a city, county, or city and county to take any action prohibited by the United States Constitution or the California Constitution.

This Environmental Justice Element will contain goals and policies focused on the following:

• Reducing the unique or compounded health risks in Disadvantaged Communities by means that include reduction of pollution exposure, including improvement of air quality 64 Environmental Justice Element Section 1: Introduction and Background 12 and promotion of public facilities , food access, safe and sanitary homes, and physical activity;
• Promoting civil engagement in the public decision-making process; and, • Prioritizing improvements and programs that address the needs of disadvantaged communities.

These requirements are organized into two subsections (Section 65302(h)(1) through Section 65302(h)(2), summarized below.

• 65302(h)(1) – Adds to the required elements of the General Plan and Environmental Justice Element or related Goals, Policies, and Objectives integrated with other elements that identify “disadvantaged communities.”
• 65302(h)((1)(A) identifies Objectives and Policies to promote:
o Public facilities in disadvantaged communities
o Food access in underprivileged communities
o Safe and sanitary homes in disadvantaged communities
o Physical activity in disadvantaged communities
• 65302(h)(1)(A) identifies Objectives and Policies to reduce:
o Exposure to pollution, including improving air quality in disadvantaged communities
o Any unique or compounded health risks in underprivileged communities not otherwise addressed above
• 65302(1)(B) identifies Objectives and Policies to promote civic engagement in the public decision-making process in disadvantaged communities
• 65302(h)(1)(C) identifies Objectives and Policies that prioritize improvements and programs that address the needs of disadvantaged communities • 65302(h)(2) adoptions or revisions of Environmental Justice Element, or related Goals, Policies, and Objectives, upon revision of two or more elements concurrently on or after January 1, 2018

RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER GENERAL PLAN ELEMENTS

The Environmental Justice Element is linked closely to other General Plan Elements . Several Environmental Justice Element Policies are directly interrelated with topics addressed in the Land Use Element, Public Safety Element, Noise Element, Housing Element, and Open Space and Conservation Plan.

This Environmental Justice Element furthers the following Lynwood General Plan Goals.

• Foster the building of a new image for Lynwood and create the potential for a high quality of life for City residents
• Take advantage of the multicultural and multi-lingual character of the City • Create a practical methodology for planning for the future, which incorporates innovative strategies, tools, and methods for land use planning and development • Provide a balanced and functional mix of land uses, which takes advantage of the unique position of Lynwood in relation to the region.
• Initiate a process for integrating all the components of city-wide planning into a community or neighborhood-based effort
65 Environmental Justice Element Section 1: Introduction and Background 13 • Preserve the stable, single-family character of Lynwood’s residential communities • Plan for new patterns of land uses that complement the overall character of existing uses and which offer opportunities for the compatible development of vacant and underutilized parcels
• Encourage the development of new commercial and re tail uses in locations where they can most efficien tly provide Lynwood residents with needed products, services, and employment opportunities
• Promote land uses that both capitalize on the opportunities and mitigate the negative impacts of the City’s adjacency to major transportation systems

In addition, the Environmental Justice Element relates to and furthers the following Lynwood General Plan Policies.

• Policy LU-5.1 (Open Space [OS]) – The Open Space designation provides for parks and open spaces.
• Policy LU -6.1 (Mixed Use) – A Mixed -Use designation is intended to contain a combination of residential, commercial, and recreational activities. A mixed-use area should contain at least 10 acres of land and one neighborhood retail center, one community level park or sports center, and a mix of residential land uses. These areas are intended to supply the immediate commercial needs of the surrounding residential communities, reducing the demand for commercial centers within the surrounding areas, which will be primarily residential in nature.
• Policy LU-6.3 (Specific Plans) – The Specific Plan designation allows for residential and commercial land uses. This designation will enable persons close to employment opportunities and provide for a transition from higher- intensity commercial us es to more traditional residential developments.
• Policy CIR -2.1 (Public Transportation) – Require dedication and construction of appropriate facilities to support the public transportation system. • Policy CIR -2.2 (Bike Lane and Trails) – Provide a circulati on network that accommodates cyclists’ safe and efficient movement on bike lanes and bike trails. • Policy DW-1.1 (Domestic Water Supply) – The City shall provide an adequate supply of domestic water needed to meet current City demand and future developments. • Policy DW-1.2 (Funding for Water System Improvement) – The City shall en sure that adequate funding is available to improve existing and construct new water facilities.
• Policy DW-1.3 (Water Conservation) – The City shall require that water conservation measures be implemented in all construction projects.
• Policy WCT-1.1 (Adequate Service Capacity) – The City shall work to ensure that an adequate wastewater collection and treatment system is available for current service demand and future developments.
• Policy WCT-1.2 (Treatment Plant Operations) – The City shall work with the County of Los Angeles to maintain and operate its wastewater facilities that do not jeopardize the public’s health, safety, or welfare.
• Policy SD-1.1 (Adequate Facilities) – The City shall provide storm drain facilities with sufficient capacity to protect the public and property from stormwater damage. • Policy SW -1.1 (Adequate Services) – The City shall work with Western Waste to ensure low-cost refuse disposal is available for residential, industrial, and commercial properties.
66 Environmental Justice Element Section 1: Introduction and Background 14 • Policy HC-1.3 (Location of Routine Health Care Facilities) – The City shall distribute throughout the Planning Area land use designations that allow medical service facilities.
• Policy PR-1.1 (Parkland Acreage) – The City shall work to achieve additional acres of parkland.
• Policy 1.2 (Park Site Selection) – The City shall ensure that parks are developed on appropriately sized parcels in locations that best serve the community. • Policy PR-1.4 (Recreational Activities and Park Amenities) – The City shall promote the development of park facilities that allow for both active and passive and commercial recreation.
• Policy NOI-1.1 (Sensitive Receptors) – Prohibit the development of new commercial, industrial, or other noise-generating land uses adjacent to existing residential uses and sensitive noise receptors (such as schools, health care facilities, libraries, and churches) if noise levels are to exceed 65 dBA CNEL (decibels on an A-weighted scale Community Noise Equivalent Level).
• Policy NOI- 1.2 (Sleep Interference) – Ensure that excessive noise levels do not interfere with sleep by implementing land use requirements. • Policy NOI-1.3 (Protect Residential Areas) – Ensure that exterior noise levels for dwellings in residential areas do not exceed outer noise levels of 65 dBA CNEL and interior noise levels of 45 dBA CNEL.
• Policy EP1.3 (Emergency Response Teams) – Ensure that the City’s emergency response teams are prepared to respond to the public’s needs in an emergency • Policy HM-1.2 (Household Hazardous Waste) – Ensure that household hazardous waste is disposed of properly.
• Policy HM- 1.3 (Hazardous Materials Emergency Response Plan) – Ensure the review, update, and implementation of the City’s Hazardous Materials Emergency Response Plan continually.
• Policy HM-1.4 (Hazardous Waste Facility Siting) – Ensure that new hazardous waste facilities and those commercial and industrial land uses that use or produce hazardous waste are sited appropriately.
• Policy HM-1.5 (Contamination Prevention) – Protect soils, surface, and groundwater from contamination.
• Policy HM-1.6 (Emergency Evacuation Routes) – Require that haulers of hazardous substances use the City’s evacuation routes.
• Policy GEO-1.4 (Seismic Safety by Design) – Ensure that all new construction is designed to meet current safety regulations.
• Policy OS-1.4 (Public Access) – The City shall ensure that areas designated as open space for public use remain accessible to the general public. • Policy AQ-1.1 (Air Quality Mitigation Measures) – The City shall ensure that to the extent practical that air quality mitigation measures are incorporated into residential, commercial, and industrial projects.
• Policy AQ-2.2 (Operational Mitigation Measures) – The City supports the acquisition of air quality permits from the South Coast Air Quality Management District.

67 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 15 Section 2: Community Health Profile

INTRODUCTION

Socio-demographic factors contribute to the overall health profile, and these factors especially pertain to characteristics that make some residents more vulnerable to poor health outcomes. As indicated in the Public Health Alliance of Southern California’s “City and Community Health Profile” for Lynwood, a community’s health is shaped by many factors, the most important of which are the social, economic, and environmental conditions in the community and the policies that impact these conditions. A generated calculation of the Health Index results from combining 25 community characteristics into a single composite score. As demonstrated by the following data, many Lynwood residents live in Disadvantaged Communities within the City and thereby experience negative factors related to public health, residential conditions, and pollution.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS

The Southern California Association of Governments' “2018 Local Profile for the City of Lynwood” indicates Lynwood’s population was 72,015 persons (0.7% of the Los Angeles County population), which equated to 14,879 persons per square mile. The City’s growth rate between 2000 and 2018 was 3.1% (based on United States Census and California Department of Finance statistics). The median age of City residents in 2018 was 29.3 years. Approximately 39% of Lynwood’s population is foreign-born (U.S. Census, American Community Survey, 2011-2015).

Age

Table 2-1 compares the City population by age group. The population of Lynwood is 48.7% male and 51.3% female. The share of Lynwood’s population younger than 18 years of age is 28.2%, which is higher than the regional share of 23.4%. Lynwood’s seniors (65 years of age and older) comprise 7.4% of the City population, which is lower than the regional share of 13%.

Table 2-1 – Population by Age and Sex - Lynwood
American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates

68 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 16 Between 2000 and 2018, the 55-64 age group experienced the most significant increase in share, increasing from 4.5% to 8.6% of the City population, with a total numerical increase of 2,958 persons. The age group that experienced the most significant decline during this period was ages 5-20, whose share of the City’s population decreased from 33.2% to 24.5%.

Race and Ethnicity

Eighty-eight percent (88%) of Lynwood’s 2018 population were Hispanic; 2.2% identified as Non- Hispanic White. Of the remaining City population, 8% were Black, 0.9% were Asian, 0.3% were Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, and 0.6% were all other non-Hispanic. Between 2000 and 2018, the share of the City’s Hispanic population increased from 82.3% to 88%, and the percentage of the Non-Hispanic White population in Lynwood decreased from 2.9% to 2.2%. This period also witnessed decreases in percentage share of Non-Hispanic Asian, Non-Hispanic Black, and All Other Non-Hispanic population. The share of the Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native population in Lynwood increased from 0.1% to 0.3%. Figures 2 -1 and 2-2 (on following pages) provide data on Lynwood’s population. Thirty-nine percent (39%) of Lynwood’s residents (2016) were born in countries other than the United States.

The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) defines Racially and Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (RECAP) as areas that have a non- White population of 50% or more with 40% or more of the population in poverty or a p overty rate greater than three times the average poverty rate in the area. According to the Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice and Fair Housing Action Plan (AI, July 2020- June 30, 2025), Lynwood was one of 10 California cities with the least diverse neighborhoods. The data consistently show Lynwood as racially segregated, with an overwhelming majority as Hispanic. 69 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 17 Figure 2-1 – Racial Demographics – 2018

70 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 18 Figure 2-2 – Majority of Hispanic Racial Predominance

71 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 19 Disability

Disability is the basis for approximately 67% of all housing discrimination complaints filed with the Fair Housing Foundation for Lynwood. The population of disabled persons in Lynwood averages roughly 10%, with a higher percentage (10% -20%) in the City’s northwest census tract , as depicted in Figure 2-3. The northwest census tract contains a large area of industrial/manufacturing as well as a railroad. It is also bordered by additional manufacturing that is outside of the City limits. The high amount of manufacturing and associated pollution and higher injury risk job opportunities would likely result in residential communities with higher populations of disabilities.

Figure 2-3 – Population with a Disability by Census Tract, 2015-2019

72 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 20 Disability communities include persons with disabilities, the elderly, large households, female - headed households with children, homeless people, and farm workers. Federal law defines:
”developmental disability” as a severe, chronic disability of an individual that:

1) is attributable to a mental or physical impairment or combination of mental and physical impairments;
2) is manifested before the individual attains age 22;
3) is likely to continue indefinitely;
4) results in substantial functional limitations in three or more of the following areas of significant life activity – self-care; receptive and expressive language; learning; mobility; self-direction; capacity for independent living; or economic self-sufficiency; 5) reflects the individual’s need for a combination and sequence of special, interdisciplinary, or generic services, indivi dualized supports, or other forms of assistance that are of lifelong or extended duration and are individually planned and coordinated.

The percentage of Lynwood’s population defined as developmentally disabled is 1.5%. Lynwood residents’ most prevalent disabilities are ambulatory, independent living, and cognitive disabilities.

Familial Status

Familial status refers to the presence of children under the age of 18, whether or not the child is biologically related to the head of household, and regardle ss of the marital status of the head of household. Families with children may face housing discrimination by landlords who fear children will cause property damage. Some landlords may have cultural biases against children of the opposite sex sharing a bedroom. Differential treatments such as limiting the number of children in a complex or confining children to a specific location also are fair housing concerns. Single - parent households also are protected by fair housing laws. Female -headed households wi th children required special consideration and assistance because of their greater need for affordable housing and accessible daycare, health care, and other supportive services. The following Figures 2-4 and 2-5 on the following pages depict the locations of children in married- couple households and the percent of children in female householder with no spouse partner present households, respectively.
73 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 21 Figure 2-4 – Percent of Children in Married-Couple Households (Lynwood, 2015-2019)

74 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 22 Figure 2-5 – Percent of Children in Female Householder, No Spouse/Partner Present

75 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 23 Life Expectancy and Social Determinants of Health

The average life expectancy of a population is one of the most basic and essential measures of the health of a community. Substantial variation in average life expectancy is seen across Los Angeles County. Significant determinants of this variation are levels of education, income, and employment in the population. In addition, the degrees to which residents are socially connected and supported and the adverse health impacts of the legacy of racism and discrimination in the United States disadvantaged communities of color and other marginalized groups. These factors are collectively referred to as the social determinants of health. These social determinants of health impact the average life expectancy in communities and are fundamental drivers for nearly all health outcomes. In 2016, life expectancy at birth for Lynwood residents was 81.3 years (Los Angeles County of Public Health and Hedderson Demographic Services).

Access to early childhood education (i.e., education before the age of five years) is associ ated with many health benefits later in life, such as graduating from high school, obtaining higher- paying jobs, having improved cognitive function, and have reduced risk for adolescent pregnancy.

According to the United States Census Bureau, 51% of Lynwood’s children ages 3 and 4 were enrolled in preschool during the year 2011 to 2015.

For many elementary school children, 3
rd grade represents a critical transition point for reading proficiency and literacy as the children are expected to make the shift from learning -to-read to reading-to-learn. Children with low reading skills in the 3 rd grade are at increased risk for poor academic outcomes, including failing grades and dropping out of high school. Both such outcomes can have profound consequences for f uture health and longevity. According to the California Department of Education, only 35% of Lynwood’s public school 3 rd graders met or
exceeded California standards for English Language Arts and Literacy in 2017.

Furthermore, the United States Census Bureau estimated that between 2011 and 2015, the following were the highest levels of education attained among Lynwood’s adult population aged 23 or older:

• Less than High School – 47%
• High School Graduate – 26%
• Some College – 20%
• Bachelor’s degree or Higher – 6%

Public libraries are vital communit y assets. Libraries can support the health and well -being of residents through the variety of programs and services they offer. These can include literacy programs for children and adults, after- school programs, free access to computers and the internet, and skills-development classes. In addition, libraries play a critical role in supporting academic achievement, which has significant implications for health and can serve as key hubs for linking residents to other essential community resources and services such as healthcare services and food assistance programs.

Languages Spoken and English Proficiency

18% of Lynwood’s population resides in households with limited English proficiency(U.S. Census, American Community Survey, 2011-2015).
76 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 24 HOUSEHOLD INFORMATION

Between 2000 and 2018, Lynwood’s total number of households increased by 462 units (3.2%).

The average household size in Lynwood was 4.7 in 2018. Forty and one-half percent (40.5%) of all City households had three or fewer people, approximately 42% of all Lynwood households had five or more people, and roughly 9% of Lynwood households were single-person households.

Households are considered severely overcrowded if the households contain more than one and one-half persons per room. Overcrowded households are a potential indicator that such households are experiencing economic hardship and a struggle to afford housing. The American Community Survey of 2014- 2018 indicates overcrowding was more prevalent among Lynwood renters than among owner-occupied households. Approximately 40.9% of Lynwood’s renter- occupied households were overcrowded ( Figure 2-6) compared to 24.5% of owner- occupied households (Figure 2-7). The incidence of overcrowding in Lynwood was substantially higher than was typical for the Southern California Association of Governments region. Overcrowding leads to substandard housing and the risk of displacement. 77 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 25 Figure 2-6 – Overcrowded Households, Lynwood

78 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 26 Figure 2-7 – Severely Overcrowded Households, Lynwood

79 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 27 In 2018, 42.4% of Lynwood’s units were owned, and 57.6% were rented. This represents an increase in renters of approximately 4.7% from 2000. Between 2000 and 2018, existing homes’ median home sales price increased 200% - from $139,909 to $420,000, not adjusted for inflation.

The median home sales price of $420,000 was $177,500 lower than Los Angeles overall.

Lynwood’s most prevalent housing type is detached single -family, which comprises 67.3% of all residences. Thirty -one and eight -tenths percent (31.8%) are multi -family residences.

Approximately 75.8% of the housing stock was constructed prior to 1970.

In 2017, housing costs accounted for an average of 38.9% of total household income for renters and an average of 284% of total household income for homeowners.

Household Income

In 2018, approximately 55% of Lynwood households earned less than $50,000 annually , and roughly 16% of households earned $100,000 or more annually . From 2000 to 2018, Lynwood’s median household annual income increased by $10,407 (from $35,432 to $45,839), not adjusted for inflation. The 2015-2019 American Community Survey (ACS) revealed that 30% of Lynwood’s population live below the poverty line.

There are three census tracts in Lynwood that have household poverty levels of 30-40%, identified as follows:

• The census tract in the north- central area of the City bounded on the north by the City most northerly of Abbott Road; bounded on the south by Interstate -105; bounded on the east by Bullis Road; and, bounded on the west by Long Beach Boulevard. • The census tract in the southerly area of the City bounded on the north by Cedar; bounded on the south by the southeast City boundary; bounded on the east by Long Beach Boulevard; and, bounded on the west by the City boundary. • The census tract in the easterly area of the City bounded on the north by Imperial Highway; bounded on the south by Interstate -105; bounded on the east by Interstate -710; and bounded on the west by Atlantic Avenue.

Other areas with concentration of household poverty between 20- 30% and areas within 10-20% are depicted on the following Figure 2 -8 (Poverty Census by Census Tract, Lynwood 2015 - 2019)

The areas in the City with higher concentrations of poverty (20%-30%) are along the northeastern census tract along Interstate-710 and the southwest and the central census tract above Interstate- 105. According to the Lynwood Zoning Map, these areas are predominately multi -family residential. Also, areas with 10% or fewer residents living below the poverty line are located north of Lynwood High School (on Im perial Highway) and south-central along Interstate-105. All other areas within Lynwood have 10%-20% of families living below the poverty line. Figure 2-8 on the following page depict poverty status by census tract in Lynwood 80 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 28 Figure 2-8 – Poverty Census by Census Tract, Lynwood (2015-2019)

81 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 29 Elderly Households

Federal housing data define a household type as an “elderly family” if it consists of two persons who are either or both aged 62 or over. Lynwood has 1,439 such households. Forty-two percent (42%) of elderly households in Lynwood earn less than 30% of the surrounding area income;

64.9% earn less than 50% of the surrounding area income. Many of Lynwood’s elderly are dependent on fixed incomes or have disabilities. Elderly homeowners may be physically unable to maintain their homes or cope with living alone.

Disproportionate Housing Needs

The Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing Rule Guidebook defines “disproportionate housing needs” as conditions in which there are significant disparities in the proportion of members of a protected class experiencing a category of housing needs compared to members of other groups of the total population. Overpayment is one indication of a household being affected disproportionately. Overpayment refers to a household spending more than 30% of its income on housing costs and utilities. The American Community Survey data developed the Lynwood General Plan 2021- 2029 Housing Element. The American Community Survey accumulates its data in five-year increments. This data for 2015-2019 indicates that Lynwood homeowners faced a more favorable housing market than they faced from 2010 to 2014. During the 2015- 2019 period, most Lynwood homeowners fell within the 40%-60% cost-burdened range and a few areas in the north and southeast areas of Lynwood were 60%-80% cost-burdened. The area (northwest portion) of Lynwood that was average higher-income households saw 20%-40% of its households overpaying for housing costs. The following figures, ( Figure 2-9 and Figure 2-10) depict areas in Lynwood where renters and homeowners overpay for housing costs. 82 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 30 Figure 2-9 – Overpayment by Renters, Lynwood (2015-2019)

83 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 31 Figure 2-10 – Overpayment by Home Owners, Lynwood (2015-2019)

84 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 32 Education

Between 2000 and 2018, total Kindergarten through Grade 12 public school enrollment for schools within the City of Lynwood decreased by 2,973 students (approximately 17.3% ) from 17,144 to 14,171.

In 2018, 54.2% of Lynwood’s population 25 years and older had completed high school (26%) or a higher level of education. This represents an increase from the corresponding figure of 38.5% in 2000. Approximately 6.8%of Lynwood’s population 25 years of age and older had completed a bachelor’s degree or post -graduate education, represent ing an increase from 4.5% who had achieved that level of education in 2000.

Racially and Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty

To determine racially/ethnically concentrated areas of poverty, HUD has identified two census tracts with a majority non-White population (greater than 50%) and has a poverty rate that exceeds 40% or is three times the average tract poverty rate for the metro/micro area, whichever threshold is lower. A small portion of the north- central region of Lynwood is a Racially/Ethnically Concentrated Area of Poverty (RECAP). Long Beach Boulevard borders this area to the west, East Imperial Highway borders this area to the south, Otis Street borders this area to the east, and the northern City boundary borders this area to the north. The second area is bordered by Cedar Avenue to the north, the southerly City boundary to the south, Long Beach Boulevard to the east, and the westerly City boundary to the west. Figure 2-11 on the following page depicts areas of high segregation and poverty with the racially/ethnically concentrated areas of poverty. Figure 2- 12 depicts median income areas in the City of Lynwood.
85 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 33 Figure 2-11 – TCAC Area of High Segregation and Poverty, Lynwood (2021)

86 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 34 Figure 2-12 – Median Income, Lynwood (2015-2019)

(Parenthetically, there is a small area in northeast Lynwood whose residents have a Median Annual Income of $125,000 or more.) 87 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 35 Access to Opportunity

HUD defines an area’s access to opportunity as its potential to support positive economic, educational, and health outcomes for low -income families, especially in terms of long -term outcomes for children. The California State Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) and the California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC) analyzed poverty rates, school proficiency, unemployment rates, jobs proximity, transit metrics, and CalEnviroScreen 3.0 Scores to assess access to opportunity throughout Lyn wood. Most of Lynwood is categorized as a low resource. Pockets of moderate resource areas exist in the north and northeast areas of Lynwood.

Regions of Lynwood determined to be of moderate resources received mid -level educational scores and high to very high environmental scores. However, economic scores were higher in the northwest area of Lynwood than in the central -north area. The areas identified as high segregation or poverty areas received mid - to low-level educational scores and low economic scores, although their environmental scores were mid-level or very high. Regions of Lynwood with the lowest access to opportunity scores were largely zoned multi -family residential and typically faced higher levels of poverty. Areas zoned for single -family residential use (especially those in close proximity to commercial areas) typically experienced greater access to opportunity.

Figures 2-13 through 2-16 depict the results of the analysis, starting with a composite result that is divided further into educational, economic, and environmental opportunities. 88 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 36 Figure 2-13 – TCAC Opportunity Areas – Composite, Lynwood (2021)

89 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 37 Figure 2-14 – TCAC Opportunity Areas – Educational Opportunity, Lynwood (2021)

90 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 38 Figure 2-15 – TCAC Opportunity Areas – Economic Score, Lynwood (2021)

91 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 39 Figure 2-16 – TCAC Opportunity Areas – Environmental Score, Lynwood (2021)

92 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 40 The United States Census Bureau reported in its American Community Survey for 2011 through 2015 that 91% of Lynwood adults (ages 25 -64) were in the labor force . The 10 most common places where Lynwood residents commuted to employment in 2016 were the following: Los Angeles (23.3%); Lynwood (7.3%); Long Beach (3.9%); Compton (2.6%); Carson (2.5%); Santa Fe Springs (2.4%); South Gate (2.4%); Vernon (2.3%); Commerce (2.3%); and Torrance (2%).

Thereby, 92.8% of workers commute to places of employment other than Lynwood.

In 2017, the total number of jobs in the City of Lynwood totaled 12,002, which represents a decrease of 12.4% from 2007. The number of manufacturing jobs in Lynwood decreased by

70.5% during this time period; the number of construction jobs decreased by 44% during this time period. In addition, the number of retail jobs in Lynwood decreased by 18% between 2007 and 2017, and the number of professional and management jobs decreased by 8.9% during this period and educational jobs increased.

In 2017, the employment sector that provided the highest salary per job in Lynwood was Information ($56,737). The Leisure-Hospitality sector in 2017 provided the lowest annual salary per job ($19,688).

CALENVIROSCREEN FACTORS IN LYNWOOD

The CalEnviroScreen model is made up of exposures, public health or environmental effects from combined emissions and discharges, in a geographic area, including environmental pollution from all sources, whether single or multi -media, routinely, accidentally, or otherwise released as contributors to cumulative impacts. The model includes two components representing Pollution Burden – Exposures and Environmental Effects and two components representing Population Characteristics – Sensitive Populations (e.g., in terms of health status and age) and Socioeconomic Factors. There are 21 statewide indicators assigned scores in a given geographic area and combined to produce a CalEnviroScreen score, using the formula below:

Pollution Burden × Population Characteristics = CalEnviroScreen Score

Pollution Burden = Average of Exposures and Environmental Effects, Environmental Effect score is weighted half as much as the Exposures score.

Population Characteristics = Average of Sensitive Populations and Social Economic Factors

Each factor of the CalEnviroScreen 4.0 model is broken down below:

Exposures generally involve movement of chemicals from a source through the environment (air, water, food, soil) to an individual or population. CalEnviroScreen uses data relating to pollution sources, releases, and environmental concentrations as indicators of potential human exposures to pollutants. The following eight indicators have been identified and found consistent with criteria for exposure indicator development:

• Ozone concentrations in air
• PM2.5 concentrations in air
• Diesel particulate matter emissions
93 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 41 • Drinking water contaminants
• Children’s lead risk from housing
• Use of certain high-hazard, high- volatility pesticides • Toxic releases from facilities
• Traffic impacts

Environmental effects include environmental degradation, ecological effects and threats to the environment and communities. The introduction of physical, biological, and chemical pollutants into the environment can have harmful effects on different components of the ecosystem. Effects can be immediate or delayed . The environmental effects of pollution can also affect people by limiting their ability to make use of ecosystem resources (e.g., eating fish or swimming in local rivers or bays). Also, living in an environmentally degraded community can lead to stress, which may affect human health . In addition, the mere presence of a contaminated site or high- profile facility can have tangible impacts on a community, even if actual environmental degradation cannot be documented. Such sites or facilities can contribute to perceptions of a community being undesirable or even unsafe.

Statewide data on the following topics have been identified and found consistent with criteria for indicator development:

• Toxic cleanup sites;
• Groundwater threats from leaking underground storage sites and cleanups; • Hazardous waste facilities and generators;
• Impaired water bodies; and,
• Solid waste sites and facilities.

Sensitive populations are populations with physiological conditions that result in increased vulnerability to pollutants . Sensitive individuals may include those with impaired physiological conditions, such as people with heart disease or asthma. Other sensitive individuals include those with lower protective biological mechanisms due to genetic factors.

Pollutant exposure is a likely contributor to many observed adverse outcomes and has been demonstrated for some outcomes such as asthma, low birth weight, and heart disease . People with these health conditions are also more susceptible to health impacts from pollution. With few exceptions, adverse health conditions are difficult to attribute solely to exposure to pollutants. High quality statewide data related to sensitive populations affected by toxic chemical exposures have been identified and found consistent with criteria for development of these indicators:

• Asthma emergency department visits
• Cardiovascular disease (emergency department visits for heart attacks) • Low birth-weight infants

Socioeconomic factors are community characteristics that result in increased vulnerability to pollutants. A growing body of literature provides evidence of the heightened vulnerability of people of color and lower socioeconomic status to environmental pollutants. For example, a study found that individuals with less than a high school education who were exposed to particulate pollution had a greater risk of mortality.

94 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 42 Data on the following socioeconomic factors have been identified and found consistent with criteria for indicator development:

• Educational attainment
• Housing-burdened low-income households
• Linguistic isolation
• Poverty
• Unemployment

The following tables (Table 2.2 – Table 2.13) represent CalEnviroScreen scores for Lynwood census tracts. The higher the score, the greater the impact to the census tract population. As demonstrated, most of Lynwood is impacted.

95 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 43 Table 2.2 - CalEnviroScreen Scores - CENSUS TRACT 603-7540-300 - Lynwood

LOCATION:

Located east of Long Beach Boulevard and north of Interstate-105 Overall Percentiles
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Percentiles 93
Pollution Burden Percentile 98
Population Characteristics Percentile 72
Exposures
Ozone 38
Particulate Matter 2.5 82
Diesel particulate Matter 95
Toxic Releases 96
Traffic 90
Pesticides 0
Drinking Water 61
Lead from Housing 99
Environmental Effects
Cleanup Sites 99
Groundwater Threats 81
Hazardous Waste 97
Impaired Waters 0
Solid Waste 55
Sensitive Populations
Asthma 57
Low Birth Weight 46
Cardiovascular Disease 62
Socioeconomic Factors
Education 92
Linguistic Isolation 67
Poverty 73
Unemployment 72
Housing Burden 62
Notes
The highest scores in Exposures come from Diesel Particulate Matter (95), Toxic Releases (96), Traffic (90), and Lead from Housing (99). The highest environmental effects are from Cleanup Sites (99) and Hazardous Waste (97). The environmental and pollution impacts are solely due to the tract’s proximity to the highway, the industrial uses within this tract, and major Long Beach Boulevard corridor.

96 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 44 Table 2.3 - CalEnviroScreen Scores - CENSUS TRACT 603-7540-201 - Lynwood

LOCATION:

Located north of the C ity along the Long Beach Boulevard, with a majority of the tract to the east of the corridor
Overall Percentiles
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Percentiles 76
Pollution Burden Percentile 62
Population Characteristics Percentile 78
Exposures
Ozone 40
Particulate Matter 2.5 81
Diesel particulate Matter 40
Toxic Releases 96
Traffic 37
Pesticides 0
Drinking Water 72
Lead from Housing 94
Environmental Effects
Cleanup Sites 10
Groundwater Threats 32
Hazardous Waste 77
Impaired Waters 0
Solid Waste 10
Sensitive Populations
Asthma 27
Low Birth Weight 72
Cardiovascular Disease 26
Socioeconomic Factors
Education 99
Linguistic Isolation 93
Poverty 97
Unemployment 96
Housing Burden 87
Notes
This tract has the smallest population within the City at 2,587 and the lowest CalEnviroScreen

4.0 score. The highest exposure scores are mostly due to the commercial sites along Tweedy Boulevard and Long Beach Boulevard and the surrounding residential housing . The Socioeconomic factors are in the higher range for all categories. Educational Attainment refers to the evidence that the effects of air and traffic-related pollution on respiratory illness, including childhood asthma, are more severe in communities with lower levels of education.

97 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 45 Table 2.4 - CalEnviroScreen Scores - CENSUS TRACT 603-7540-202 - Lynwood

LOCATION:

Bordered by Long Beach Boulevard to the east, Otis Street to the west, north of East Imperial Highway, and south of Martin Luther King Jr Boulevard and Abbott Road ; area is primarily residential with two schools and some commercial sites scattered throughout the tract Overall Percentiles
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Percentiles 87
Pollution Burden Percentile 72
Population Characteristics Percentile 89
Exposures
Ozone 38
Particulate Matter 2.5 80
Diesel particulate Matter 67
Toxic Releases 96
Traffic 43
Pesticides 0
Drinking Water 70
Lead from Housing 99
Environmental Effects
Cleanup Sites 35
Groundwater Threats 22
Hazardous Waste 78
Impaired Waters 0
Solid Waste 10
Sensitive Populations
Asthma 65
Low Birth Weight 49
Cardiovascular Disease 72
Socioeconomic Factors
Education 96
Linguistic Isolation 87
Poverty 97
Unemployment 85
Housing Burden 94
Notes
High poverty scores and housing issues negatively affect the quality of life for residential homes within the area.

98 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 46 Table 2.5 - CalEnviroScreen Scores - CENSUS TRACT 603-7540-101 - Lynwood

LOCATION:

Centralized in Lynwood to the west of Atlantic Avenue, north of Le Sage Street and Sanborn Avenue, east of Bullis Road and Otis Street, and south of Abbott Road Overall Percentiles
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Percentiles 89
Pollution Burden Percentile 90
Population Characteristics Percentile 77
Exposures
Ozone 40
Particulate Matter 2.5 80
Diesel particulate Matter 93
Toxic Releases 95
Traffic 33
Pesticides 0
Drinking Water 70
Lead from Housing 97
Environmental Effects
Cleanup Sites 45
Groundwater Threats 11
Hazardous Waste 58
Impaired Waters 83
Solid Waste 60
Sensitive Populations
Asthma 72
Low Birth Weight 67
Cardiovascular Disease 79
Socioeconomic Factors
Education 82
Linguistic Isolation 68
Poverty 50
Unemployment 75
Housing Burden 43
Notes
The tract is predominately housing with Lynwood High School at the center of the tract and two elementary schools at opposite ends.

99 Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 47 Table 2.6 - CalEnviroScreen Scores - CENSUS TRACT 603-7540-203 - Lynwood

LOCATION:

Borders Long Beach Boulevard to the east, the I -105 freeway to the south, Bullis Road to the west and East Imperial Highways to the north
Overall Percentiles
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Percentiles 98
Pollution Burden Percentile 91
Population Characteristics Percentile 97
Exposures
Ozone 38
Particulate Matter 2.5 80
Diesel particulate Matter 83
Toxic Releases 97
Traffic 88
Pesticides 0
Drinking Water 61
Lead from Housing 98
Environmental Effects
Cleanup Sites 60
Groundwater Threats 32
Hazardous Waste 59
Impaired Waters 67
Solid Waste 0
Sensitive Populations
Asthma 77
Low Birth Weight 91
Cardiovascular Disease 84
Socioeconomic Factors
Education 92
Linguistic Isolation 82
Poverty 91
Unemployment 77
Housing Burden 96
Notes
This tract includes residential homes, commercial sites along the border of the tract and prominent locations such as Lynwood Park, St. Francis Medical Center Campus, and Hosler (Fred W) Middle School . High scores in poverty and the proximity to the major corridor and highways contribute to the high CalEnviroScreen 4.0 score.

100
Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 48 Table 2.7 - CalEnviroScreen Scores - CENSUS TRACT 603-7540-102 - Lynwood

LOCATION:

Borders I-105 freeway to the south, Bullis Road to the west, Le Sage Street to the east, and Atlantic Avenue and Harris Avenue to the north
Overall Percentiles
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Percentiles 91
Pollution Burden Percentile 93
Population Characteristics Percentile 77
Exposures
Ozone 38
Particulate Matter 2.5 80
Diesel particulate Matter 92
Toxic Releases 96
Traffic 92
Pesticides 0
Drinking Water 61
Lead from Housing 99
Environmental Effects
Cleanup Sites 47
Groundwater Threats 25
Hazardous Waste 62
Impaired Waters 67
Solid Waste 37
Sensitive Populations
Asthma 77
Low Birth Weight 30
Cardiovascular Disease 84
Socioeconomic Factors
Education 85
Linguistic Isolation 69
Poverty 68
Unemployment 72
Housing Burden 65
Notes
As most tracts in Lynwood, this tract is predominately residential with the exception of a few commercial sites and Lynwood City Hall to the west.

101
Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 49 Table 2.8 - CalEnviroScreen Scores - CENSUS TRACT 603-7540-501 - Lynwood

LOCATION:

Located south of the I -105 freeway, west of Long Beach Blvd, east of Mona Boulevard, and southern boundaries of the City to Cedar Avenue
Overall Percentiles
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Percentiles 96
Pollution Burden Percentile 98
Population Characteristics Percentile 78
Exposures
Ozone 35
Particulate Matter 2.5 84
Diesel particulate Matter 97
Toxic Releases 97
Traffic 97
Pesticides 0
Drinking Water 60
Lead from Housing 95
Environmental Effects
Cleanup Sites 99
Groundwater Threats 85
Hazardous Waste 97
Impaired Waters 0
Solid Waste 59
Sensitive Populations
Asthma 77
Low Birth Weight 41
Cardiovascular Disease 84
Socioeconomic Factors
Education 94
Linguistic Isolation 72
Poverty 64
Unemployment 17
Housing Burden 98
Notes
This area contains the most industrial uses within the City to the west of the tract and residential housing to the east.

102
Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 50 Table 2.9 - CalEnviroScreen Scores - CENSUS TRACT 603-7540-502 - Lynwood

LOCATION:

Located at the southeastern most area of the C ity south of Cedar Avenue and west of Long Beach Boulevard
Overall Percentiles
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Percentiles 97
Pollution Burden Percentile 94
Population Characteristics Percentile 93
Exposures
Ozone 35
Particulate Matter 2.5 84
Diesel particulate Matter 79
Toxic Releases 98
Traffic 57
Pesticides 0
Drinking Water 61
Lead from Housing 96
Environmental Effects
Cleanup Sites 83
Groundwater Threats 72
Hazardous Waste 99
Impaired Waters 0
Solid Waste 53
Sensitive Populations
Asthma 72
Low Birth Weight 72
Cardiovascular Disease 78
Socioeconomic Factors
Education 96
Linguistic Isolation 78
Poverty 96
Unemployment 67
Housing Burden 92
Notes
This area contains residential homes throughout the tract with commercial business bordering Long Beach Boulevard.

103
Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 51 Table 2.10 - CalEnviroScreen Scores - CENSUS TRACT 603-7541-700 - Lynwood

LOCATION:

Bordered by the Long Beach Boulevard corridor to the west, I-105 freeway to the north, Thorson Avenue to the east, and the southern border of the City Overall Percentiles
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Percentiles 97
Pollution Burden Percentile 95
Population Characteristics Percentile 90
Exposures
Ozone 35
Particulate Matter 2.5 82
Diesel particulate Matter 87
Toxic Releases 97
Traffic 96
Pesticides 0
Drinking Water 61
Lead from Housing 100
Environmental Effects
Cleanup Sites 60
Groundwater Threats 77
Hazardous Waste 50
Impaired Waters 67
Solid Waste 10
Sensitive Populations
Asthma 75
Low Birth Weight 66
Cardiovascular Disease 82
Socioeconomic Factors
Education 91
Linguistic Isolation 67
Poverty 78
Unemployment 93
Housing Burden 80
Notes
This area consists of residential housing with a strip of commercial along Long Beach Boulevard. Due to the proximity to the major corridor and I -105 freeway, there is higher exposure to pollution.

104
Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 52 Table 2.11 - CalEnviroScreen Scores - CENSUS TRACT 603-7541-801 - Lynwood

LOCATION:

Particularly unique as it shares the tract with East Compton. This tract is bordered by the I-105 freeway to the north, Thorson Avenue to the west, McMillan Street to the south, and Atlantic Avenue to the east
Overall Percentiles
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Percentiles 89
Pollution Burden Percentile 81
Population Characteristics Percentile 86
Exposures
Ozone 35
Particulate Matter 2.5 83
Diesel particulate Matter 84
Toxic Releases 97
Traffic 90
Pesticides 0
Drinking Water 58
Lead from Housing 93
Environmental Effects
Cleanup Sites 8
Groundwater Threats 28
Hazardous Waste 19
Impaired Waters 67
Solid Waste 15
Sensitive Populations
Asthma 69
Low Birth Weight 51
Cardiovascular Disease 74
Socioeconomic Factors
Education 88
Linguistic Isolation 73
Poverty 93
Unemployment 88
Housing Burden 83
Notes
The area has a high socioeconomic factor due to poverty.

105
Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 53 Table 2.12 - CalEnviroScreen Scores - CENSUS TRACT 603-7541-802 - Lynwood

LOCATION:

Located at the southeastern most portion of the City bordered by the I-710 freeway to the east, the I-105 Century Freeway, and Atlantic Avenue to the west Overall Percentiles
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Percentiles 91
Pollution Burden Percentile 96
Population Characteristics Percentile 72
Exposures
Ozone NA
Particulate Matter 2.5
Diesel particulate Matter 99
Toxic Releases 97
Traffic 99
Pesticides NA
Drinking Water NA
Lead from Housing 96
Environmental Effects
Cleanup Sites NA
Groundwater Threats NA
Hazardous Waste NA
Impaired Waters NA
Solid Waste NA
Sensitive Populations
Asthma NA
Low Birth Weight NA
Cardiovascular Disease NA
Socioeconomic Factors
Education 95
Linguistic Isolation NA
Poverty NA
Unemployment NA
Housing Burden NA
Notes
The area is mainly residential with commercial properties along Atlantic Avenue.

106
Environmental Justice Element Section 2: Community Health Profile 54 Table 2.13 - CalEnviroScreen Scores - CENSUS TRACT 603-7540-000 - Lynwood

LOCATION:

Borders the City of Hollydale and the I-710 freeway to the east, the I-105 freeway to the south, Atlantic Avenue to the west and Imperial Highway to the north Overall Percentiles
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Percentiles 99
Pollution Burden Percentile 97
Population Characteristics Percentile 93
Exposures
Ozone 38
Particulate Matter 2.5 81
Diesel particulate Matter 98
Toxic Releases 96
Traffic 98
Pesticides 0
Drinking Water 61
Lead from Housing 93
Environmental Effects
Cleanup Sites 41
Groundwater Threats 26
Hazardous Waste 75
Impaired Waters 83
Solid Waste 83
Sensitive Populations
Asthma 77
Low Birth Weight 65
Cardiovascular Disease 84
Socioeconomic Factors
Education 97
Linguistic Isolation 79
Poverty 81
Unemployment 87
Housing Burden 81
Notes
This tract includes residential homes, two schools, commercial sites, and manufacturing/industrial uses along the I-710 freeway. The types of uses and proximity to the major corridor and highways contribute to the high CalEnviroScreen 4.0 score.

107
Environmental Justice Element Section 3: Air Quality
55 Section 3: Air Quality

INTRODUCTION

Exposure to pollution occurs when people are exposed to air, food, water, and soil pollutants in daily life. Pollution can originate from several sources in an urban environment, including storage tanks that leak hazardous chemicals into the groundwater and soil, solid waste facilities that emit toxic gases, automobiles and trucks emitting exhaust, or stationary sources such as diesel generators emitting exhaust. Lynwood’s Disadvantaged Communities experience high levels of air pollution from Interstate-105, Interstate-710, the Alameda Corridor which has vehicular and rail transport), Atlantic Avenue, Imperial Highway, and Long Beach Boulevard . Pollution scores are presented in the CalEnviroScreen tables in Section 2 of this Environmental Justice Element.

Criteria Pollutants and Standards

Sections of the Clean Air Act most directly applicable to Project development and operation include Title I, Non-Attainment Provisions, and Title II, Mobile Source Provisions. The provisions were established with the goal of attaining the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for the following criteria pollutants: ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM 10, PM2.5, carbon
monoxide, and lead. The NAAQS were amended in July 1997 to include an additional standard for ozone and to adopt a NAAQS for PM

2.5. Mobile source emissions are regulated in accordance with Title II provisions, which require use of cleaner burning gasoline and other cleaner burning fuels such as methanol and natural gas. Automobile manufacturers are also required to reduce tailpipe emissions of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides.

Under the Federal Clean Air Act, the United States Envi ronmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established National Ambient Air Quality Standards for six major pollutants: ozone (O 3), respirable
particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxi de (SO 2), and lead. These six pollutants are referred to as the “criteria pollutants.” The NAAQS are two -tiered: Primary, to protect public health; and Secondary, to prevent degradation of the environment. California standards have been established for the six criteria pollutants and for the following four additional pollutants: visibility -reducing particles, sulfates, hydrogen sulfide, and vinyl chloride. The following Table 3-1 indicates national and State air quality standards.

108
Environmental Justice Element Section 3: Air Quality
56 Table 3-1 – Ambient Air Quality Standards

Table 3-1
Ambient Air Quality Standards
Pollutant Averaging
Time
California
Standards
National Standards
Primary Secondary
Ozone (O3) 1 Hour 0.09 ppm -- --
8 Hour 0.070 ppm 0.070 ppm 0.070 ppm
Respirable
Particulate Matter
(PM10)
24 Hour 50 μg/m3 150 μg/m3 150 μg/m3
Annual Arithmetic
Mean 20 μg/m3 -- --
Fine Particulate
Matter (PM

2.5)
24 Hour -- 35 μg/m3 35 μg/m3
Annual Arithmetic
Mean 12 μg/m3 12 μg/m3 15 μg/m3
Carbon Monoxide
(CO)
1 Hour 20 ppm 35 ppm --
8 Hour 9 ppm 9 ppm --
8 Hour (Lake
Tahoe) 6 ppm -- --
Nitrogen Dioxide
(NO
2)
1 Hour 0.18 ppm 100 ppb --
Annual Arithmetic
Mean 0.030 ppm 0.053 ppb 0.053 ppb
Sulfur Dioxide
(SO
2)
1 Hour 0.25 ppm 75 ppb --
3 Hour -- -- 0.5 ppm
24 Hour 0.04 ppm 0.14 ppm --
Annual Arithmetic
Mean -- 0.030 ppm --
Lead
30 Day Average 1.5 μg/m3 -- --
Calendar Quarter -- 0.15 μg/m3 --
Rolling 3-Month
Average -- 0.15 μg/m3 0.15 μg/m3
Visibility-Reducing
Particles 8 Hour
Extinction
coefficient of

0.23 per km –
visibility > 10
miles (0.07 per
km -- > 30 miles
for Lake Tahoe)
No National Standards
Sulfates 24 Hour 25 μg/m3
Hydrogen Sulfide 1 Hour 0.03 ppm
Vinyl Chloride 24 Hour 0.01 ppm
NOTE: Ozone (O3)
Source: California Air Resources Board (May 4, 2016).

Ozone is a secondary pollutant that is the result of chemical reactions between volatile organic compounds (VOC) which are also referred to as reactive organic gases (ROG), and nitrogen oxides, which occur only in the presence of bright sunlight. Sunlight and hot weather cause ground-level ozone to form in the air and thereby ozone concentrations are generally highest during summer months. Ground-level ozone is the primary constituent of smog. 109
Environmental Justice Element Section 3: Air Quality
57 People with lung disease, children, older adults, and people who are active can be affected when ozone levels are unhealthy. Although lung volume and resistance changes observed after a single exposure diminish with repeated exposures, biochemical and cellular changes appear to persist, which can lead to subsequent lung structural changes. Numerous scientific studies have linked ground-level ozone exposure to a variety of problems that include the following:

• Lung irritation that can cause inflammation much like a sunburn; • Wheezing, coughing, pain when taking a deep breath, and breathing difficulties during exercise or outdoor activities;
• Permanent lung damage to those with repeated exposure to ozone pollution; and, • Aggravated asthma, reduced lung capacity, and increased susceptibility to respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia and bronchitis.

Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5)

Particulate Matter is a major air pollutant consisting of tiny solid or liquid particles of soot, dust, smoke, fumes, and aerosols. Particulate matter pollution is a major source of reduced visibility .

The particles comprising this criteria pollutant are formed in the atmosp here from primary gaseous emissions that include sulfates formed from sulfur dioxide released from power plants and industrial facilities; nitrates that are formed from nitrogen oxides released from power plants, automobiles, and other types of combustion sources.

The principal health effect of airborne particulate matter is on the respiratory system. Short-term exposure to high PM

2.5 levels is associated with premature mortality and increased hospital admissions and emergency room visits . Long-term exposure to high PM 2.5 levels is associated with premature mortality and development of chronic respiratory disease. Short-term exposure to high PM10 levels is associated with hospital admissions for cardiopulmonary diseases, increased respiratory symptoms and p ossible premature mortality . In recent years, some studies have reported an association between long-term exposure to air pollution dominated by fine particles and increased mortality, reduction in life-span, and an increased mortality from lung cancer. Daily fluctuations in PM2.5 concentration levels also have been related to hospital admissions for acute respiratory conditions in children, to school and kindergarten absences, to a decrease in respiratory lung volumes in normal children, and to increased m edication use in children and adults with asthma. Recent studies show lung function growth in children is reduced with long - term exposure to particulate matter. The elderly with pre -existing respiratory or cardiovascular disease, and children appear to be more susceptible to effects of high levels of PM 10 and PM2.5.

The Environmental Protection Agency has concluded that available evidence does not suggest an association between long-term exposure to PM10 at current ambient levels and health effects.

Diesel Particulate Matter

In 1998, the CARB identified particulate matter from diesel -fueled engines as a Toxic Air Contaminant (TAC). The majority of heavy construction equipment used during Project development will be diesel fueled and will emit diesel particulate matter (DPM). Impacts from toxic substances are related to cumulative exposure.

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58 Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon- containing fuels such as gasoline or wood . CO concentrations tend to be highest during winter mornings, when little to no wind and surface-based inversions trap the pollutant at ground levels.

The highest ambient CO concentrations generally are found near congested transportation corridors and intersections . Even under the most severe meteorological and traffic conditions, high concentrations of carbon monoxide are limited to locations within a relatively short distance (up to 600 feet) of heavily traveled roadways.

Individuals with a deficient blood supply to the heart are most susceptible to adverse effects of CO exposure. Inhaled CO has no direct toxic effect on the lungs but exerts its effect on tissues by interfering with oxygen transport and competing with oxygen to combine with hemoglobin present in the blood to form carboxyhemoglobin. Hence, conditions with an increased demand for oxygen supply can be adversely affected by exposure to CO. Individuals most at risk include fetuses, patients with diseases involving heart and blood vessels, an d patients with chronic hypoxemia (oxygen deficiency) as seen at high altitudes . Recent studies have found increased risks for adverse birth outcomes with exposure to elevated CO levels, including pre-term births and heart abnormalities.

Overall, carbon monoxide emissions in Southern California are decreasing as a result of the Federal Motor Vehicle Control Program, which has mandated increasingly lower emission levels for vehicles manufactured since 1973.

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Nitrogen dioxide is a criteria air pollutant and may result in numerous adverse health effects.

Laboratory studies demonstrate susceptible humans such as asthmatics, exposed to high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide can suffer lung irritation and potential lung damage, as ambient concentrations of nitrogen dioxide are related to traffic density.

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)/Sulfates

In California, emissions of sulfur compounds occur primarily from combustion of petroleum - derived fuels that contain sulfur. This sulfur is oxidized to sulfur dioxide during the combustion process and subsequently converted to sulfate compounds in the atmosphere . Effects of sulfate exposure at levels above the standard include a decrease in ventilatory function, aggravation of asthmatic symptoms, and an increased risk of cardio-pulmonary disease. Sulfates are particularly effective in degrading visibility and, due to the fact that they are usually acidic, can harm ecosystems and damage materials and property. In asthmatics, an increase in resistance to air flow, as well as a reduction in breathing capacity leading to severe breathing difficulties may occur after acute exposure to sulfur dioxide. In contrast, healthy individuals do not exhibit similar acute responses even after exposure to higher concentrations of sulfur dioxide.

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59 Lead (Pb)

Lead is a heavy metal that is highly persistent in the environment. In the past, the primary source of lead in the air was emissions from vehicles burning leaded gasoline. Major sources of lead emissions today are ore and metals processing, particularly lead smelters, and piston -engine aircraft operating on leaded aviation gasoline. Other stationary sources include waste incinerators, utilities, lead-acid battery manufacturers, and housing constructed prior to the 1970s.

Exposure to low levels of lead can adversely affect development and function of the central nervous system, leading to learning disorders, distractibility, inability to follow simple commands, and lower intelligence quotient . Fetuses, infants, and children are more sensitive than others to adverse effects of lead exposure. In adults, increased lead levels are associated with increased blood pressure . Lead poisoning can cause anemia, lethargy, seizures, and death although it appears there are no direct effects of lead on the respiratory system . Lead can be stored in the bone from early age environmental exposure and elevated blood lead levels can occur due to breakdown of bone tissue during pregnancy, hyperthyroidism (increased secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland) and osteoporosis (breakdown of bony tissue) . Fetuses and breast -fed babies can be exposed to higher levels of lead because of previous environmental lead exposure of their mothers.

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)

Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless gas with the odor of rotten eggs that is formed during bacterial decomposition of sulfur-containing organic substances. Hydrogen sulfide can also be present in sewer gas and some natural gas and can be emitted as the result of geothermal ene rgy exploitation.

Vinyl Chloride (Chloroethene)

Vinyl chloride is a colorless gas with a mild, sweet odor. Most vinyl chloride is used to make polyvinyl chloride plastic and vinyl products . Vinyl chloride has been detected near landfills, sewage plants, and hazardous waste sites, due to microbial breakdown of chlorinated solvents .

Short-term exposure to high levels of vinyl chloride in the air causes central nervous system effects, such as dizziness, drowsiness, and headaches . Long-term exposure to vinyl chloride through inhalation and oral exposure causes liver damage . Cancer is a major concern from exposure to vinyl chloride via inhalation.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

Volatile organic compounds are hydrocarbon compounds (any compound containing various combinations of hydrogen and carbon atoms) that exist in the ambient air. Volatile organic compounds contribute to the formation of smog through atmospheric photochemical reactions and/or may be toxic. Exceptions to the Volatile Organic Compounds de signation include the following: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates, and ammonium carbonate. Volatile organic compounds are a criteria pollutant because they are a precursor to ozone.

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60 Reactive Organic Gases (ROG)

Reactive organic gases are precursors to forming ozone and consist of compounds containing methane, ethane, propane, butane, and longer chain hydrocarbons that typically are the result of some type of combustion or decomposition process. Smog is formed when reactive organic gases and nitrogen oxides react in the presence of sunlight. Reactive organic gases are a precursor to ozone.

South Coast Air Basin (SCAB)
The City of Lynwood is located within the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) under the jurisdiction of the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). The SCAB is a 6,745 square mile sub-region of the SCAQMD and includes portions of Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties, and all of Orange County . The larger SCAQMD distri ct boundary includes 10,743 square miles.

The SCAQMD is responsible for bringing air quality in areas under its jurisdiction into conformity with Federal and State air quality standards . California State law also requires the SCAQMD to prepare a plan for air quality improvement for pollutants for which SCAB is in “nonattainment.” SCAQMD has adopted an Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) that provides for attainment of State and Federal air quality standards and updates the AQMP every three years. Each iteration of the AQMP has a 20 -year horizon. The Air Quality Management Plan concludes the most effective way to reduce air pollution impacts on the health of jurisdiction’s residents is to reduce emissions from mobile sources, including those in disproportionally impacted and environmental justice communities concentrated along transportation corridors and goods movement facilities.

These efforts to reduce mobile emissions are complemented by CARB adoption of Advanced Clean Truck Regulation, which requires all new trucks sold in California to be zero emission trucks by 2045 and offers incentive programs including the Hybrid and Zero- Emission Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Project to encourage this transition.

Existing air quality in the SCAB is measured at 38 permanently established SCAQMD air quality monitoring stations and four single-pollutant source Lead air monitoring sites . These stations record air pollutant concentrations and meteorological information and then provide the recorded data to scientists to help forecast daily air pollution levels. There are exceedances of Ozone, PM 10 and PM2.5 standards that occur throughout the Air Basin. The Compton air station monitors air quality in Lynwood . Air quality in a region is cons idered to be in attainment by the State if the measured ambient air pollutant levels for Ozone, Carbon Monoxide (except 8-hour Lake Tahoe), Sulfur Dioxide (1 and 24 hour), Nitrogen Dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5 are not to be exceeded. All others are not to be equaled or exceeded. Monitored air quality is evaluated in the context of ambient air quality standards, which are the levels of air quality considered safe, with an adequate margin of safety, to protect the public health and welfare. Determination of whether a region’s air quality is healthful or unhealthful is determined by comparing contaminant levels in ambient air samples to State and Federal standards.

SCAQMD also is taking the lead on a coordinated regional effort focused on community -based solutions for improving air quality and public health in Environmental Justice communities, pursuant to Assembly Bill 617. This legislation requires local air districts and the CARB to reduce air pollution in the most impacted communities . The SCAQMD effort is part of a comprehensive program that includes the following:
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61 • Development of Community Emissions Reduction Plans in collaboration with community members;
• Adoption of SQAQMD rules that ensure Best Available Retrofit Control Technology (BARCT) is required for i ndustrial and commercial facilities participating in the State greenhouse gas Cap-and-Trade Program;
• Enhancement of emissions inventories to ensure uniform Statewide reporting; and, • Incentive programs to replace older polluting equipment with cleaner technologies and increases in penalties for air pollution violations.

CARB also offers Community Air Grants to community groups for enhancing education and outreach pertaining to AB 617, monitoring, and improving their air quality.

REGIONAL AIR QUALITY

The United States Environmental Protection Agency has established national ambient air quality standards for six of the most common air pollutants: Carbon Monoxide; Lead; Ozone; Particulate Matter – 10 Microns or less; Particulate Matter – 2.5 Microns or less; Nitrogen Dioxide; and, Sulfur Dioxide, all of which are criteria pollutants . The SCAQMD monitors levels of various criteria pollutants at 37 permanent monitoring stations and 5 single-pollutant source Lead air monitoring sites throughout the air district. In 2017, Federal and State ambient air quality standards were exceeded on one or more days for Ozone, PM
10 and PM2.5 at most monitoring locations. No areas
of the SCAB exceeded Federal or State standards for Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Sulfates or Lead.

According to the “Ambient and Emission Trends of Toxic Air Contaminants in California” journal article prepared for the California Air Resources Board, between 1990 and 2012 ambient concentration and emission trends for the seven toxic air contaminants responsible for most of known cancer risk associated with airborne exposure in California declined significantly. The toxic air contaminants include those derived from mobile sources (diesel particulate matter, benzene, and 1,3-butadiene), from stationary sources (perchloroethylene and hexavalent chromium), and from photochemical reactions of emitted volatile organic compounds (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde). Decline in ambient concentration and emission trends of these toxic air contaminants are a result of various regulations the California Air Resources Board has implemented to address cancer risk.

SCAQMD periodically prepares air quality management plans outlining measures to reduce pollutants that serve as a plan to bring the area into compliance with Federal and State clean air standards (described below) established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and California Air Resources Board (CARB). The SCAQMD Air Quality Management Plan enables the SCAQMD to adopt rules to reduce emissions from various sources and issue permits to ensure compliance. The Plan recognizes importance of working with local agencies to develop new regulations and secure funding and other incentives to encourage actions to help reduce air pollution. The 2022 AQMP represents a comprehensive analysis of emissions, meteorology, regional air quality modeling, regional growth projections, and impact of existing and proposed control measures.
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62 Pollution

Local air quality conditions impact community health and wellness because air pollution travels easily and can carry tiny particles of pollution into the human body. Research on the incidence of disease consistently has determined a connection between living near highly traveled roadways, railways, or heavy industrial warehousing/processing facilities and the prevalence of respiratory disease symptoms, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Heavily traveled roadways, freeways, railways, and heavy i ndustrial/processing facilities produce high levels of diesel particulate matter (DPM), a toxic air contaminant (TAC) . Diesel engines emit a complex mixture of air pollutants that include gaseous and solid material (known in diesel exhaust as DPM) . Property values for homes near major roadways are less than property values elsewhere. Therefore, homes and schools in polluted areas often serve lower- income residents.

Trees and greenspace can be important air filters . If a community lacks trees and greenspace, the community will have worse air pollution. Therefore, air pollution is of special concern and is addressed separately from other pollutants.

Diesel engines are a major source of fine particulate pollution. The elderly and people with emphysema, asthma, and chronic heart and lung disease are especially sensitive to fine particulate pollution. Many studies have linked elevated particulate levels in the air to increased hospital admissions, emergency room visits, asthma attacks, and premature deaths among those suffering from respiratory problems. Exposure to fine particles is associated with increased frequency of childhood illnesses and can reduce lung function in children. In California, diesel exhaust particles have been identified as carcinogenic. Exposure to diesel exhaust can irritate the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. Also, such exposure can cause coughs, headaches, lightheadedness, and nausea. In addition, exposure to diesel exhaust causes inflammation in the lungs that may aggravate chronic respira tory symptoms and increase frequency or intensity of asthma attacks . Furthermore, diesel exhaust particles can make people with allergies more susceptible to the materials to which they are allergic. Numerous studies have linked elevated particulate levels in the air to increased hospital admissions, emergency room visits, asthma attacks, and premature deaths among those suffering from respiratory problems . Short-term air pollution tends to aggravate medical conditions of individuals with asthma and emphysema. Short- term effects of air pollution include irritation to eyes, nose, and throat, and according to the California Air Resources Board, current exposures to Ozone and Particulate Matter in the early 2010s caused approximately 8,000 deaths, 9,500 hospitalizations, 200,000 cases of asthma and lower respiratory symptoms, and nearly 5,000,000 school absences in California each year.

Ongoing exposure to pollution can worsen existing health conditions and lead to absences from work or school . Long-term exposure to pollution can result in reduced life expectancy . Health studies demonstrate residents and employees are more likely to develop lung diseases (including cancer) than people who are not exposed to diesel emissions. The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has determined long -term exposure to DPM poses the highest cancer risk of any toxic air contaminant evaluated by OEHHA. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) estimates that about 70% of the cancer risk the average Californian faces from breathing toxic air pollutants stems from diesel exhaust particles . CARB estimates that diesel particulate levels measured in California’s air could cause 540 “excess” cancers in a population of one million people over a 70-year lifetime. “Excess” cancer refers to cases above the number of cases that typically would be associated with that particular cancer. Other researchers and scientific 115
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63 organizations, including the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), have calculated cancer risks from diesel exhaust similar to those levels indicated by OEHHA and CARB.

Exposure to fine particles is associated with increased frequency of childhood illnesses and also can reduce lung function in children. The State of California has identified diesel exhaust particles as a carcinogen. Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) includes finely divided solids or liquids such as dust, fly ash, soot, smoke, aerosols, fumes, mists, and condensing vapors that can be suspended in the air for extended periods of time. Sources of particulate matter are from both human and natural activities and may increase when there are wildfires and during calm weather, allowing air pollution to accumulate. Fine particulate matter outdoors can penetrate into homes and buildings due to the small size of the particles . Particulate matter primarily impacts infants, children, the elderly, and those with pre -existing cardiopulmonary disease, all of whom may be more susceptible to adverse effects of exposure to particulate matter . Exposure to varying levels of PM2.5 has been associated with increased mortality due to cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, reduction in lifespan, and hospital admissions for acute respiratory conditions . In children, PM2.5 exposure can result in school absences, decreased respiratory function, and increased medication use in those with asthma . Elderly and other people with emphysema, asthma, and chronic heart and lung disease are especially sensitive to fine particulate pollution.

RESPIRATORY HEALTH AND AIR QUALITY IN DISADVANTAGED

COMMUNITIES

Local environmental conditions impact community health and wellness . Research on the incidence of disease has determined there is a connection between residing near busy roadways, railways or heavy industrial/warehousing/processing facilities and prevalence of respiratory disease symptoms such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) .

Roadways, highways, railways, and heavy manufacturing/processing facilities produce high levels of a toxic air contaminant - - diesel particulate matter. Diesel engines emit a complex mixture of gaseous and solid air pollutants. Solid material in diesel exhaust is termed DPM (diesel particulate matter). Disadvantaged communities often are located in close proximity to freeways and thereby are disproportionately affected by DPM. The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has determined that long -term exposure to DPM poses the highest cancer risk of any toxic air contaminant evaluated by OEHHA. The California Air Resources Board estimates approximately 70% of cancer risk the average Californian faces from breathing toxic air pollutants results from diesel exhaust particles . The Air Resources Board estimates diesel particle levels measured in California’s air could cause 540 “excess” cancers in a population of one million persons over a 70 -year lifetime . (Excess cancer refers to cases exceeding the number that typically would be associated with that particular cancer). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and other scientific organizations also have calculated cancer risks from diesel exhaust as similar in extent to the risks that OEHHA and the California Air Resources Board have calculated.

Air Pollution in Lynwood

Determination of whether a region’s air quality is healthful or unhealthful is determined by comparing contaminant levels in ambient air samples to State and Federal standards . Air quality in a region is considered to be in attainment by the State if the measured ambient air pollutant 116
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64 levels for Ozone, Carbon Monoxide (except 8- hour Lake Tahoe), Sulfur Dioxide 1- Hour and 24- Hour), Nitrogen Dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5 are not to be exceeded. All others are not to be equaled or exceeded.

As indicated in the CalEnviroScreen analysis for Lynwood, the greatest degree of air quality pollution in Lynwood is diesel particulate matter than emanates from truck traffic along Interstate- 105, Interstate-710, the Alameda Corridor, and City/area roadways. Residents of the census tracts adjacent to or near those corridors suffer the highest CalEnviroScreen scores . In addition, residents of various census tracts in Lynwood are exposed to high levels of Particulate Matter 2.5 microns in diameter. Meteorological conditions further affect air quality in Lynwood.

Lynwood residents are exposed daily to pollution from air, water, and soil pollution as a result from living near industrial land uses (e.g., automobile repair, gas stations, dry cleaners, manufacturing plants, recycling centers) that produce hazardous waste . Chemicals from these businesses can enter the air, water, and soil. Low-income residences often are in close proximity to many polluting businesses while higher-income neighborhoods generally are not exposed to similar levels of air pollution. In addition to Interstate -105 and Interstate -710, other highly traveled roadways (e.g., Atlantic Avenue; Imperial Highway; Long Beach Boulevard; Alameda Avenue; Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard) are prime sources of air pollution in the area . Also, many residences in Lynwood are located near industrial uses. Housing near freeways generally costs less to rent or purchase.

Therefore, lower income families often find housing near freeways is what fits their hous ing budget. The combination of limited financial resources and exposure to pollution is at the center of environmental justice.

Average CalEnviroScreen scores related to air quality contamination for Lynwood tracts are as follows:

• Ozone – 34 (low of 35, high of 40);
• Particulate Matter/2.5 microns diameter – 82 (low of 80; high of 84); • Diesel Particulate Matter – 85 (low of 40; high of 95) • Traffic – 77 (low of 33; high of 99)
• Toxic Releases – 97 (low of 95; high of 98)

In relation to Air Quality, e ight census tracts in Lynwood have CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Percentile scores of 90 or greater; 3 tracts have scores between 80 and 89; and, only 1 tract has a score of less than 80. Also, eight census tracts have Pollution Burden Percentile scores of at least 90; 1 tract has a score of between 80 and 89; and, 4 tracts have scores ranging from 62- 72.

Furthermore, four census tracts have Population Characteristic Percentile scores of 90 or greater; 2 tracts have scores between 80 and 89; and, 6 tracts have scores of 79 or less.

This indicates that the majority of census tracts within Lynwood have residents who are highly exposed to poor air quality and pollution burde ns. As indicated on Figure 3 -1, Lynwood’s Disadvantaged Communities (neighborhoods) suffer exposure to poor air quality and related pollution.
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65 Figure 3-1 – Lynwood Disadvantaged Communities, Per EnviroScreen Scores

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Environmental Justice Element Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation, And Resiliency 66 Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation,
And Resiliency

INTRODUCTION

This Section of the Environmental Justice Element is designed on the premise that local governments and communities are uniquely capable of addressing emissions from energy consumed in buildings, water usage, solid waste sent to landfills, and transportation. This Section intends to provide guidance for the City of Lynwood to ensure its identity as a leader in sustainable practices in recognition that climate change affects all members of a community. To realize this Vision, the following Goals are proposed.

• Creating a more sustainable, livable Lynwood for its residents and businesses through increased efficiency, reduced energy use, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions • Saving residents and businesses money over time through smart energy and water use • Enabling Lynwood to assume a leadership role in addressing adaptation to the effects of climate change
• Establishing a path to forming a residential and business environment that will attract and retain investment money and business income to Lynwood

Climate Change

Lynwood recognizes climate change affects every community at a local level , although climate change is global in scale . “Climate change,” according to the National Academy of Sciences, refers to any significant, measurable change in climate lasting for an extended period. This lasting change can be caused or accelerated by natural factors and human activities . Importantly, “climate change” implies the possibility that the process can be slowed or reversed with the appropriate and necessary efforts of us all . Moreover, climate change is a widely accepted fact among the scientific community.

Climate change is a long- lasting variation in the average weather of the earth, measured by changes in wind patterns, storms, precipitation, and temperature. Climate change is exacerbated by many daily activities such as using natural gas to heat buildings, burning gasoline to drive vehicles, generating electricity from fossil fuels, and transporting water. These activities release greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO
2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), into
the atmosphere. The emission of these greenhouse gases traps an additional amount of heat within the atmosphere, eventually leading to long-term changes in climate.

Climate scientists have been studying greenhouse gas increases for decades . The greenhouse effect refers to a phenomenon wherein gases (e.g., water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane) in the earth’s atmosphere trap the sun’s heat. These “greenhouse gases” act similarly to a glass wall by preventing solar heat from returning to outer space. Greenhouse gas emissions remain in the atmosphere for decades; therefore, our past emissions have already determined temperature changes over the next 30-40 years.
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Environmental Justice Element Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation, And Resiliency 67 Effects of Climate Change

The National Academy of Sciences reports the earth’s surface temperature has increased approximately 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century and indicat es warming has accelerated during the most recent two decades . Climate scientists estimate potential increases in temperature could be 1-5 degrees Fahrenheit by 2050 and 4-9-degrees Fahrenheit by 2100. The increases are expected to be more pronounced in summer than winter and experienced more severely in inland rather than coastal areas . In addition, heatwaves are expected to increase in frequency, with individual heatwaves also showing a tendency toward becoming longer and extending over a large area. Wildfire seasons will be extending in duration and storms will be more severe, causing flooding and other dangers.

Climate change has caused a reduction in Arctic Sea ice and eroded the Greenland ice pack at an accelerating rate, which allow s darker polar oceans to absorb more sunlight and thereby increase regional warming, accelerate sea ice melting, and enhance Arctic warming over neighboring and currently frozen land areas . Release of m ethane currently trapped in frozen ground in the Arctic tundra will increase with regional warming and melting of the ground, lead to further and more rapid warming, and result in increased permafrost melting. In addition, continued warming in the Amazon region could cause significant rainfall loss and large-scale dying of forest vegetation, which will further release c arbon dioxide. Scientists estimate precipitation could increase between 12% and 35% by 2050, which in turn could increase sea level by 12-18 inches by 2050 and 21-55 inches by the year 2100. California may experience significant impacts from climate change, as further discussed in this section.

Climate change threatens the health and well -being of Californians through a variety of environmental changes, including more severe extreme heat and other weather events, a decline in air quality, increases in allergenic plant pollen, more frequent and severe wildfires, and altered environmental conditions that foster spread of communicable and vector-borne diseases. Climate change also threatens basic life support systems on which humans depend – water, food, shelter, and security. Segments of the population at greatest risk include the elderly, infants, individuals suffering from chronic heart or lung disease, the socially and/or economically disadvantaged, and those who work outdoors. Heatwaves can be expected to decrease air quality, mosquito breeding, and mosquito -borne diseases. The elderly, young, and those vulnerable populations who do not have the resources to cope with costs and adapt to changes expected to impact the Lynwood community will require assistance . Social equity issues related to unequal distribution of resources and increased costs to address community -wide health risks will need to be addressed proactively to reduce the potential financial strain on Californians , particularly Disadvantaged Communities.

Effects of Climate Change in California

Public Health

Higher temperatures may increase the frequency, duration, and intensity of conditions conducive to air pollution formation. In addition, if global background Ozone levels increase as predicted in some scenarios, it may become impossible to meet local air quality standards. Air quality has been further compromised by increases in wildfires, which emit fine particulate matter that can travel long distances depending on wind conditions. The Climate Scenarios report indicates that large 120
Environmental Justice Element Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation, And Resiliency 68 wildfires could become up to 55% more frequent if greenhouse gas emissions are not significantly reduced. In addition, under the higher warming range scenario, there could be up to 100 more days per year with temperatures above 90 degrees Fahrenheit in Los Angeles and 95 degrees Fahrenheit in Sacramento by the year 2100. This is a large increase over historical patterns and approximately twice the increase projected if temperatures remain within or below the lower warming range. Rising temperatures could increase risk of death from d ehydration, heat stroke/exhaustion, heart attack, stroke, and respiratory distress caused by extreme heat.

Water Resources

A vast network of man -made reservoirs and aqueducts capture and transport water throughout the State from the Northern California rivers and the Colorado River. The current distribution system relies on the Sierra Nevada snowpack to supply water during the dry spring and summer months. Rising temperatures, potentially compounded by decreases in precipitation, could severely reduce spring snowpack, increasing the risk of summer water shortages . The State’s water supplies also are at risk from rising sea leve ls, and a n influx of saltwater could degrade California’s estuaries, wetlands, and groundwater aquifers.

Agriculture

Increased temperatures could cause widespread changes to the agriculture industry reducing the quantity and quality of agricultural products statewide. As temperatures rise, California farmers could face greater water demand for crops and a less reliable water supply. Rising temperatures could aggravate Ozone pollution, making plants more susceptible to disease and pests and interfere with the growth of plants and crops. In addition, global climate change could shift ranges of existing invasive plants and weeds and alter competition patterns with native plants .

Additionally, continued global climate change could alter the abundance and types of many pests, lengthen pest breeding seasons, and increase pathogen growth rates . Increased temperature, combined with long summer seasons, will drastically reduce soil moisture levels, which in turn will necessitate increased irrigation, use of air cond itioning, rate and spread of wildfires, and stress the electrical infrastructure that serves Lynwood.

Forests and Landscapes

Predicted impacts on forestry from climate change and warming temperatures include increased tree mortality, invasive species, an d the spread of insects and diseases. In addition, changes in precipitation will affect forestry by causing longer dry periods and moisture deficits, increased flooding and runoff that results in increased erosion and soil nutrient loss, and increased drought conditions that will result in limits to seeding and sapling growth, increased wildfire risk and economic losses. Global climate change has the potential to intensify the current threat to forests and landscapes by increasing the risk of wildfire and altering the distribution and character of natural vegetation. Since wildfire risk is determined by a combination of factors including precipitation, winds, temperature, landscape , and vegetation conditions, future risks will not be uniform throughout the State. Continued global climate change has the potential to alter natural ecosystems and biological diversity within the State and could decrease the productivity of the State’s forests.
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Environmental Justice Element Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation, And Resiliency 69 Wildfires

Wildfires are increasing in number, size, and duration throughout California as a result of increased temperatures induced by climate change . Wildfire risk is based on a combination of factors, including precipitation, winds, temperature, and vegetation, a nd t hese factors are susceptible to increased warming. Even under a “medium” warming scenario predicted in 2006 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), wildfire risk likely was going to increase by 55% in California (California Climate Change Center, “Our Changing Climate Assess the Risks to California,” 2006) . Drought results in increased frequency and duration of wildfires, which in turn can lead to immediate and long -term adverse public health problems due to exposure to smoke.

A University of California, Merced and RAND Corporation study estimated that the cost of wildfires to residential properties could escalate to more than $10 billion annually by the end of the 21 st
century. A University of California, Berkeley and Next10 study esti mated over $2.5 trillion of California’s real estate assets (of $4 trillion) are “at risk from extreme weather events, sea -level rise, and wildfires, with a projected annual price tag of $300 million to $3.9 billion.”

Rising Sea Levels

Rising sea levels, more intense coastal storms, and warmer water temperatures could increasingly threaten California’s coastal regions. Under the higher warming range scenario, the sea level is anticipated to rise 22 to 35 inches by the year 2100. Elevations of this magnitude would inundate low-lying coastal areas with saltwater, accelerate coastal erosion, threaten vital levees and inland water systems, and disrupt wetlands and natural habitats . Under the lower warming range scenario, the sea level could rise 12 to 14 inches.

Floods and Drought

Californians may face risks to public health from drought due to impacts on water supply and quality, food production, and risks of waterborne illness. More winter precipitation will fall as rain rather than snow, which in turn will result in more intense and more frequent rainfall events and potentially more flooding in the mountain areas.

Drought is prevalent throughout the western United States as of the composition of this document.

Climate change and its accompanying hig her temperatures have been factors in extending the drought.

Human Health Effects

The potential health effects related directly to emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide as they relate to development projects are still being debated in t he scientific community.

Their cumulative effects on global climate change have the potential to cause adverse effects on human health.

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Environmental Justice Element Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation, And Resiliency 70 Changes in Air Quality

Climate change can affect air pollution in various ways . Increasing air temperatures increase s Ozone levels, which are formed by reactions between Nitrogen Oxides and Hydrocarbons released from motor vehicle combustion of fossil fuels . Increasing temperatures can change human behavior in ways that increase air pollution, such as more frequent or l onger duration of air conditioner use and/or landscape watering . Climate change can affect patterns of air mixing and air flow that transport pollutants . Increased temperatures can increase emission of v olatile organic compounds from plants and vegetation.

Biodiversity and Habitat

Climate and warming temperatures affect biological resources and habitat s in several ways .

Barriers to species migration and movement occur from increases in invasive species, as well as changes in the structure of the natural community, timing disruptions between predators and prey and between pollinators and plants, and loss of ecosystem goods and services . Biodiversity and impacts to habitat due to precipitation change include changes in riparian communities and structure, decreased water availability to fish, wildlife, and plants, and increased susceptibility to pests, disease, wildfires, and invasive species . Biodiversity and habitat impact due to sea -level rise include inundation of permanent coastal habitat (resulting in alteration of dune habitat and coastal wetlands and coastal habitat loss of migratory birds, shellfish, and endangered plants), reduction of freshwater resources due to saltwater intrusion, increases in invasive species, and reduction in wetland habitat for commercial and sports fisheries.

Ocean and Coastal Resources

Approximately 80% of Californians live or work in coastal counties. Therefore, they will be at risk from a range of climate impacts specific to these regions. The California Climate Change Center reported a sea-level rise of 7 inches in the last century and predicted an additional rise of 22 -35 inches by the end of the 21
st century. Other studies have published projecte d ranges of 7- 23 inches, 20- 55 inches, and 32- 79 inches by the year 2100. Differences in projections are attributable to different methodologies used in the studies and whether glacier ice melt is included in calculations.

Population changes in coastal areas are anticipated . Relocation of marine species and southern and exotic species may become invasive. Changes in marine food systems and commercial and recreational ocean fishery and economic impacts will occur.

Water Management

Higher temperatures will cause more rainfall than snowfall , impacting water supplies for every water consumer in California. Nearly 75% of California’s available water supply originates in the northern one -third of the State (north of Sacramento); 80% of water demand occurs in the southern two-thirds of the State . Climate change and warming temperatures will have several impacts on water management, including the reduction of water supply from the Sierra snowpack and an increase of evapotranspiration rates from plants, soils, and open water surfaces. There will 123
Environmental Justice Element Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation, And Resiliency 71 be moisture deficits in non-irrigated agriculture, landscaped areas, and natural systems, thereby increasing irrigation needs.

Transportation and Energy Infrastructure

Higher average temperatures affect energy production, transmission, and demand and result in an increase in cooling demands, decrease in water availability for hydropower generation, risk of additional brownouts and blackouts, and transmission efficiency impacts in hot weather.

Temperature extremes also may result in an increase in road and railroad tracks bucking and a decrease in transportation safety and higher costs.

EXISTING REGULATIONS

Federal Regulations

The 1978 National Climate Protection Act (92 Stat. 601) required the President to establish a program to “assist the Nation and the world to understand and respond to natural and man - induced climate processes and their implications.” The 1987 Global Climate Protection Act (Title XI of Pub. L. 100- 204) directed the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to propose a “coordinated national policy on global climate change” and ordered the Secretary of State to work “through the channels of multilateral diplomacy” to coordinate efforts to address global warming . After several co urt rulings, the EPA was given the authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions under provisions of the Federal Clean Air Act.

In Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency 549 U.S. 497 (April 2, 2007), the Supreme Court found that four greenhous e gases, including carbon dioxide, are air pollutants subject to regulation under Section 202(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act. The Supreme Court held that the EPA Administrator must determine whether emissions of greenhouse gases from new motor vehicles cause or contribute to air pollution, which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare, or whether the science is too uncertain about making a reasoned decision. The EPA Administrator, on December 7, 2009, signed two distinct findings rega rding greenhouse gases under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act.

• Endangerment Finding – The Administrator found that the current and projected concentrations of the six key well -mixed GHGs: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride in the atmosphere threaten public health and welfare of current and future generations.

• Cause or Contribute Finding – The Administrator finds that the combined emissions of these well -mixed GHGs from new motor vehicles and new motor vehicle engines contribute to GHG pollution, threatening public health and welfare.

In June 2013, the Obama Ad ministration published a Climate Action Plan with three key pillars:
1) cutting carbon pollution emissions, 2) preparing the United States for climate change impacts, and 3) leading international efforts to combat climate change and prepare for its impacts. In March 2014, the Obama Administration released its Strategy to Reduce Methane Emissions as a part of its Climate Action Plan, which described several actions the EPA and other federal agencies will 124
Environmental Justice Element Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation, And Resiliency 72 take to reduce methane emissions from the following four source categories: landfills; coal mines; agriculture; and oil and gas production.

Subsequently, the Trump Administration took steps via Executive Orders to reduce or eliminate regulations that pertain to greenhouse gas emissions and global climate change. Between January and March 2017, President Trump signed three Executive Orders seeking regulatory reform, including the review, repeal, replacement, or modification of existing regulations. Executive Order 13771, “Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs,” focused on managing “the costs associated with the governmental imposition of private expenditures required to comply with Federal Regulation.” The Executive Order also required for every new regulation issued, at least two prior regulations to be identified for elimination , and the costs of planned regulations be prudently managed and controlled through a budgeting process. Executive Order 13777 directed federal agencies to create a Regulatory Reform Task Force , which had as a duty to evaluate existing regulations and make recommendati ons to the agency head regarding their repeal, replacement, or modification consistent with applicable law . Executive Order 13783 called for a review of the Clean Power Plan and related rules; New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for oil and gas; and all agencies to “review existing regulation, orders, guidance documents, and policies that potentially burden the development or use of domestically produced energy resources.” This Executive Order also repealed certain energy and climate -related presidential and regulatory actions . In addition, several federal reports regarding climate change were withdrawn as required by this Executive Order.

Congress initially passed the Corporate Average Fuel Economy law in 1975 to increase the fuel economy of cars and light-duty trucks, and the law became more stringent over time. In May 2019, a new national policy to increase fuel economy for all new cars and trucks sold in the United States was put in motion.

State of California Regulations

The State of California legislature has enacted a series of bills that constitute the most aggressive program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions of any state in the nation. Project development and operation would be required to comply with all mandates imposed by the State of Cali fornia and the SCAQMD aimed at reduction of air quality emissions.

In California, various pieces of legislation, several executive orders, and a host of policies and programs have been adopted to establish a regulatory framework for reducing greenhouse g as emissions. California can draw on substantial scientific research conducted at State universities and research institutions. Years of concerted research have demonstrated to scientists that early effects of climate change are underway in California – demonstrated by increased average temperatures, changes in temperature extremes ; extended drought ; reduced Sierra Nevada snowpack; sea-level rise ; wildfire frequency and severity ; and ecological shifts . Many such changes are accelerating.

The regulatory mandates that are applicable to Lynwood and that would assist in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are the following:

125
Environmental Justice Element Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation, And Resiliency 73 Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (California State Assembly Bill 32)

Assembly Bill 32 required greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in California to be reduced to 1990 levels by the year 2020. GHG, as defined under this legislation, includes carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride . Since AB 32 was enacted, a seventh chemical, nitrogen trifluoride , has been added to the list of GHG emissions.

The California Air Resources Board is the State agency charged with monitoring and regulating sources of greenhouse gases. Under an updated forecast, a 21.7% reduction from “business as usual” was required to achieve 1990 levels.

California Air Resources Board Scoping Plans (2008; 2014; 2017; 2022)

The 2008 California Air Resources Board Climate Change Scoping Plan (Scoping Plan) contained measures designed to reduce State emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2020 to comply with Assembly Bill 32. The Scoping Plan identifies recommended measures for multiple greenhouse gas emission sectors and associated emission reductions needed to achieve the year 2020 reduction target, and most measures target the transportation and electricity sectors. The Scoping Plan stated the key elements of the strategy for achieving the 2020 greenhouse gas target include the following:

• Expanding and strengthening existing energy efficiency programs as well as building and appliance standards;
• Achieving a Statewide renewables energy mix of 33%;
• Developing a California cap -and-trade program that links with other Western Climate Initiative partner programs to create a regional market system; • Establishing targets for transportation- related greenhouse gas emissions for regions throughout California and pursuing policies and incentives to achieve those targets; • Adopting and implementing measures pursuant to existing State laws and policies, including California’s clean car standards, goods movement measures, and the Low Carbon Fuel Standard; and
• Creating targeted fees, including a public goods charge on water use, fees on high global warming potential gases, and a fee to fund the administrative costs of the State’s long - term commitment to AB 32 implementation.

The Air Resources Board approved the First Update to the Scoping Plan (Update) on May 22, 2014. The Update identified the next steps for California’s c limate change strategy and showed how California continued on its path to meet the near- term 2020 greenhouse gas limit and set a path toward long-term, deep greenhouse gas emission reductions. The report established a broad framework for continued emissions reductions beyond 2020, on the path to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. While the original 2008 Scoping Plan provided specific GHG reduction measures in nine different economic sectors, the 2014 Update treat ed reductions in six key focus areas (energy, transportation, agriculture, water, waste management, and natural and working lands) as well as short-lived pollutants, green buildings, and the California Cap and Trade Program.

The 2017 Scoping Plan Update identified California’s post-2020 reduction strategy and reflected the 2030 target of a 30% reduction below 1990 levels, set by Executive Order B -30-15 and codified by Senate Bill 32 . Key programs the proposed Second Update buil t upon included the Cap-and-Trade Regulation, the Low Carbon Fuel Standard, much cleaner cars, trucks, and freight 126
Environmental Justice Element Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation, And Resiliency 74 movement, utilizing cleaner, renewable energy, and strategies to reduce methane emissions from agricultural and other wastes. Major elements of the 2017 Scoping Plan framework included the following:

• Implementing and/or increasing the standards of the Mobile Source Strategy, which include increasing zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) buses and trucks; • Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS), with an increased stringency (18% by 2030); • Implementing Senate Bill 350, which expands the Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) to 50% RPS and doubles energy efficiency savings by 2030;
• California Sustainable Freight Action Plan, which improves freight system efficiency, utilizes near-zero emissions technology and deployment of ZEV trucks; • Implementing the proposed Short-Lived Climate Pollutant Strategy (SLPS), which focuses on reducing methane and hydrofluorocarbon emissions by 40% and anthropogenic black carbon emissions by 50% by the year 2030;
• Continued implementation of Senate Bill 375;
• Post-2020 Cap-and-Trade Program that includes declining caps; • Twenty percent (20%) reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from refineries by 2030; and,
• Development of a Natural and Working Lands Action Plan to secure California’s land base as a net carbon sink.

The 2017 Scoping Plan also identifie d local governments as essential partners in achieving California’s long -term greenhouse gas reduction goals and identifie d local actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

2022 SCOPING PLAN FOR ACHIEVING CARBON NEUTRALITY (November 16, 2022)

The 3 previous Scoping Plans that focused on specific greenhouse gas reduction targets for California’s industrial, energy, and transportation sectors initially to meet the 1990 levels by 2020, then to meet the more aggressive target of 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. The 2022 Scoping Plan provides an aggressive and ambitious sector-by-sector plan for California to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045 (or earlier) and decarbonize every sector of the State economy by outlining a technologically feasible, cost-effective, and equity-focused path to achieve California’s climate target. The 2022 Scoping Plan addresses recent legislation and direction from Governor Gavin Newsom, extends and expands upon these earlier Scoping Plans with a target of reducing anthropogenic emissions to 85 percent below 1990 levels by 2045, thereby achieving carbon neutrality. The Scoping Plan builds upon current and previous environmental justice efforts to integrate environmental justice directly into the Scoping Plan. In addition, the Scoping Plan takes the unprecedented step of adding carbon neutrality as a science -based guide and touchstone e for California’s climate work. The Scoping Plan provides an outline how carbon neutrality can be achieved by taking bold steps to reduce greenhouse gases to meet the anthropogenic emissions target and by expanding actions to capture and store carbon through California’s natural and working lands and by using a variety of mechanical approaches.

The Scoping Plan is in large part the result of recommendations from the Assembly Bill 32 (AB 32) Environmental Justice Advisory Committee (EJ Advisory Committee). This Committee was created by statute and has played a critical role in informing development of each Scoping Plan and in helping to ensure environmental justice is integrated throughout the Plan. 127
Environmental Justice Element Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation, And Resiliency 75 Per legislative direction, the 2022 Scoping Plan development included modeling and analyses of emissions, economics, air quality, health, employment, and public health. The Scoping Plan is designed to ensure equity because past discriminatory practices such as redlining have resulted in low-income communities and communities of color being disproportionately exposed to health hazards and pollution burdens. These communities often are located adjacent to major roadways and large stationary sources that emit greenhouse gases and also harmful localized air pollution.

Furthermore, an important facet of Scoping Plan equity consideration is ensuring transition to a zero-emission economy that is affordable and accessible, and that improves the situations of disadvantaged, low-income communities and communities of communities of color.

The 2022 Scoping Plan specifically does the following.

• Identifies a path to keep California on track to meet is Senate Bill 32 greenhouse gas emissions reduction target of at least 40 percent below 1990 emissions by 2030. In fact, California achieved its Assembly Bill target reductions ahead of schedule. • Identifies a technologically feasible, cost -effective path to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045 and a reduction in anthropogenic emissions by 85 percent below 1990 levels. • Focuses on strategies for reducing Calif ornia’s dependency on petroleum to provide consumers with clean energy options that address climate change, improve air quality, and support economic growth and clean sector jobs.
• Integrates equity and protecting California’s most impacted communities as d riving principles throughout the document.
• Incorporates the contribution of natural and working lands (NWL) to the State’s greenhouse gas emissions, as well as their role in achieving carbon neutrality. • Relies on the most up -to-date science, including the need to deploy all viable tools to address the existential threat that climate change presents, including carbon capture and sequestration, as well as direct air capture.
• Evaluates the substantial health and economic benefits of taking action. • Identifies key implementation actions to ensure success.

Under the 2022 Scoping Plan scenario, impacts to economic and employment growth would be negligible in both 2035 and 2045. The Scoping Plan indicates the health costs of climate and air pollution in the United States are over $800 billion today and would continue to increase in the future. The Scoping Plan also indicates the costs of delayed or insufficient climate action could cost the United States as much as $14.5 billion over the next 50 years.

The 2022 Scoping Plan for the first time includes modeling and quantification of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration in natural and working lands. Before this, the focus has been only on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation, energ y, and industrial sectors. Recently collected data and Scoping Plan modeling demonstrates that our NWL can also act as sources of emissions, principally in the form of wildfires.

The findings, conclusions and recommendations in the 2022 Scoping Plan informed by robust science. The recent Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of the intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) summarizes the latest scientific consensus on climate change. It finds that atmospheric concentrations of CO
2 have increased by 50 percent since the industrial revolution and continue to increase at a rate of two parts per million annually. By the 2030s, and no later than 2040, the world will exceed 1.5 degrees Centigrade warming unless there is drastic action 128
Environmental Justice Element Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation, And Resiliency 76 taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Climate -related risks to human health, livelihoods, and biodiversity are projected to increase further under 2 degrees Centigrade warming, compared to 1.5 degrees Centigrade. To avoid climate catastrophe and remain below 1.5 degrees Centigrade with limited or no overshoot of that threshold, global net anthropogenic CO2 emissions must reach net zero by 2050.

Aggressive reduction of fossil fuels in California means rapidly moving to zero- emission transportation, electrifying cars, buses, trains and trucks that presently constitute California’s single largest source of planet-warming pollution. In addition, this means phasing out use of fossil gas used for heating homes and buildings, and reducing chemicals and refrigerants that are thousands of times more powerful at trapping heat than carbon dioxide (CO 2). It also means
providing California’s communities with sustainable options for walking, biking, and public transit to reduce reliance on automobiles. It means continuing to build sola r arrays, wind turbine capacity, and other resources that provide clean, renewable energy to displace fossil -fuel fired electrical generation. Furthermore, it means scaling up new options such as renewable hydrogen for difficult -to-electrify end uses and biomethane where needed. Successfully achieving outcomes identified in the 2022 Scoping Plan would reduce demand for liquid petroleum by 94 percent and total fossil fuel by 86 percent in 2045, relative to 2022.

The Scoping Plan further addresses residual emissions from hard -to-abate industries such as cement, internal combustion vehicles still in use, and other sources of greenhouse has emissions that include high global warming chemicals used as refrigerants. T he Scoping Plan addresses these emissions by re-envisioning our natural and working lands – forests, shrublands/chaparral, croplands, wetlands, and other lands to ensure they plan as robust a role as possible in incorporating and storing more carbon in tre es, plants, soil, and wetlands that cover 90 percent of California’s 105 million acres.

The Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Act of 2008 (Senate Bill 375)

Senate Bill 375 (SB 375) indicates that the transportation sector is the largest contributor to GHG emissions, accounting for more than 40% of total GHG emissions in California. This bill does the following:

1. Requires metropolitan planning organizations to include sustainable community strategies in their regional transportation plans for reducing GHG emissions;

2. Aligns planning for transportation and housing; and

3. Creates specified incentives for implementation of the strategies.

Concerning CEQA, SB 375 (as codified in Public Resources Code Section 21159.28) states that CEQA findings for certain projects are not required to reference, describe, or discuss growth- inducing impacts or any project-specific or cumulative impacts from cars and light-duty truck trips generated by the project on global warming or the regional transportation network if the project:

4. Is in an area with an approved “sustainable communities strategy ” or an alternative planning strategy that the Air Resources Board accepts as achieving the GHG emission reduction targets;

5. Is consistent with that strategy (in designation, density, building intensity, and applicable 129
Environmental Justice Element Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation, And Resiliency 77 policies); and

6. Incorporates mitigation measures required by an applicable prior environmental document.

Pavley Fuel Efficiency Standards (Assembly Bill 1493)

Assembly Bill 1493 (AB 1493) , enacted on July 22, 2002, required the Air Resources Board to develop and adopt regulations that reduce greenhouse gases emitted by passenger vehicles and light-duty trucks. The regulation will reduce greenhouse gases from new cars by 33% from 2016 levels by 2025. The rules will clean up gasoline and diesel -powered cars and deliver increasing numbers of zero-emission technologies such as full battery-electric cars, newly emerging plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and hydrogen fuel cell cars . Also, the increasing numbers of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles planned for deployment in California will ensure adequate fueling infrastructure availability.

California Renewable Portfolio Standard Program: Emissions of Greenhouse Gases 2017-2018 (Senate Bill 100)

Senate Bill 100 (SB 100) states in part as follows:

This bill would state that it is the policy of the state that eligible renewable energy resources and zero-carbon resources supply 100% of retail sales of electricity to California end-use customers and 100% of electricity procured to serve all state agencies by December 31, 2045. The bill would require that the achievement of this policy for California not increase carbon emissions elsewhere in the western grid and that the achievement not allow resource shuffling . The bill would require the PUC and the Energy Commission, in consultation with the state board, to take steps to ensure that a transition to a zero-carbon electric system for the State of California does not cause or contribute to greenhouse gas emissions increases elsewhere in the western grid.

Current California Law

Current State law establishes the GHG emissions reduction target as 40% below the 1990 level by 2030. In addition, a 2018 Executive Order (B55-18) required State agencies to pursue carbon neutrality by 2045. Governor Newsom issued Executive Order N-79-20 on September 23, 2020, which set new Statewide goals for phasing out gasoline -powered cars and trucks in California .

That Order provided that by 2035 100% of in-state sales of new passenger cars and trucks are to be zero-emission by 2035; 100% of in- state sales of medium- and heavy-duty trucks and buses are to be zero -emission by 2045, where feasible; and 100% of off -road vehicles and equipment sales are to be zero-emission by 2035 where feasible.

California Regulations and Building Codes

California has adopted the following regulations to improve energy efficiency in new and remodeled buildings, which have kept California’s energy consumption relative ly flat even with rapid population growth.

130
Environmental Justice Element Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation, And Resiliency 78 Title 20 Appliance Efficiency Standards

Title 20 regulates the sale of appliances in California and includes standards for federally regulated appliances and non-federally regulated appliances (totaling 23 categories of appliances).

Title 24 Energy Efficiency Standards and California Green Building Standards

The Title 24 Energy Efficiency Standards were initially adopted in 1978 to reduce energy consumption and are updated periodically to consider and incorporate new energy -efficient technologies and methods.

Homes and businesses use nearly 70% of California’s electricity and are responsible for a quarter of California’s greenhouse gas emissions . As California’s energy policy agency, the California Energy Commission (CEC) was mandated by the Warren- Alquist Act to periodically update and adopt building standards to increase the energy efficiency of buildings and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Part 6 of Title 24 implemented this mandate so that every three years , the CEC presents Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Energy Code) updates for new construction and renovations to existing buildings. After the CEC adopts these standards, they are submitted to the California Building Standards Commission for approval and inclusion with other changes to the Building Code . The Energy Code is designed to be cost -effective so that implementation is affordable while helping California manage energy demand and advance California’s climate and clean air goals.

The 2019 Title 24 standards require solar photovoltaic systems for new homes, establish requirements for newly constructed healthcare facilities, encourage demand -responsive technologies for residential buildings, and update indoor and outdoor lighting for nonresidential buildings. It is anticipated that nonresidential buildings will use approximately 30% less energy due to lighting upgrades.

The CEC indicates the 2022 Title 24 updated standards will require single -family residences to include heat pump water or space as standard equipment to be electric- ready. The update includes electrical circuits for space heating, water heating, cooking/ovens, clothes dryers, electrical panel for branch circuits and transfer switches for battery storage, and dedicated circuits and panels to easily convert from natural gas to electric. In addition, the 2022 Energy Code extends solar and introduces battery storage standards to various building types.

The California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen) has been a comprehensive and uniform regulatory code for all residential, commercial, and school buil dings since January 1, 2011. CALGreen is administered by the California Building Standards Commission and is updated regularly. The most recent update became effective on January 1, 2017. Local jurisdictions are permitted to adopt more stringent requirements because State law provides methods for local enhancements. The Code also provides exemptions for areas not served by construction and demolition recycling infrastructure. The following are examples of CALGreen’s requirements:

• Construction Waste: A minimum 65% diversion of construction and demolition waste from landfills, which has been voluntarily increasing to 80% for new homes and commercial projects. All (100%) trees, stumps, rocks , and associated vegetation and soils resulting from land clearing shall be reused or recycled.
131
Environmental Justice Element Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation, And Resiliency 79 • Materials Pollution Control: Low-pollutant emitting interior finish materials such as paints, carpet, vinyl flooring, and particleboard.
• Wastewater Reduction: Ea ch building shall reduce the generation of wastewater by the installation of water-conserving fixtures or using non-potable water systems. • Water Use Savings: Mandatory 20% reduction of non- residential indoor water use with voluntary goal standards for 30%, 35%, and 40% reductions. • Irrigation Efficiency: Moisture-sensing irrigation systems for larger landscaped areas.

Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance

The Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance was required by the Water Conservation Act (Assembly Bill 1881). Local agencies were required to adopt a local landscape ordinance at least as effective in conserving water as the Model Ordinance by January 1, 2010. Reductions in water use of 20% consistent with the 2020 mandate were expected upon compliance with the Ordinance. The California Water Commission approved a revised Ordinance on July 15, 2015 (effective December 15, 2015) . The update required new development projects that include landscape areas of 500 or more square feet to implement the following:

• More efficient irrigation systems;
• Incentives for gray water usage;
• Improvements in on-site stormwater capture;
• Limitations on the portion of landscapes that can be planted with high water use plants; and
• Required reports for local agencies.

CLIMATE ACTION PLANNING

Cities throughout the United States, particularly in California, are responding to climate change .

The City of Lynwood recognizes the challenges climate change poses to the community and is committed to proactively addressing the issue. Lynwood’s response to this threat presents opportunities to create and maintain a more sustainable, livable, and economically vibrant c ity.

Lynwood can keep dollars in the local economy, create new “green” jobs, and, most importantly, improve the quality of life throughout the City by using energy more efficiently, harnessing renewable energy to power buildings, enhancing access to sustainable transportation modes, and increasing the scope of recycled waste . These actions will especially benefit Disadvantaged Communities in the City.

Although reducing air pollution is a regional issue, there are actions the City of Lynwood can take to improve the health and wellness of current residents of Disadvantaged Communiti es. The actions described in the Goals and Policies Section of this Environmental Justice Element and in the corresponding Section in the updated Public Safety Element will assist Disadvantaged Communities in Lynwood for resiliency to climate change. The policies will promote:

• Transportation demand management programs;
• Facilitate pedestrian and bicycle access to transit services; • Incentivize energy efficient upgrades and construction; • Streamline the permit process for solar panels;
132
Environmental Justice Element Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation, And Resiliency 80 • Potentially subsidize energy-efficient retrofits for low-income homeowners; and, • Support urban greening/tree planting.

In addition, the 2019 California Building Code includes multiple complementary measures that include requiring new multi -family residences to dedicate 10% of parking spaces as electric vehicle charging stations, implementing water conservation measures, and installing air filters .

These actions will reduce air pollution and its associated impacts on public health.

The City of Lynwood has been recognized for i ts positive responses to climate change impacts on its residents. The City of Lynwood was awarded the Institute for Local Government 2018 Beacon Spotlight Platinum Award for Sustainability to address climate change, promote energy efficiency, and create more sustainable communities, AND received the Silver-Level Award for a 9% agency energy savings. Furthermore, in previous years, Lynwood earned a gold -level award in Sustainability Best Practices Activities in 2017 and a platinum-level in 2018. The following efforts were recognized.

• Energy Efficiency and Conservation Activities
• Water and Wastewater Systems Activities
• Green Building Activities
• Waste Reduction and Recycling Activities
• Climate-Friendly Purchasing Activities
• Renewable Energy and Low Carbon Fuels Activities
• Efficient Transportation Activities
• Land Use and Community Design Activities
• Open Space and Offsetting Carbon Emission Activities
• Lynwood Energy Action Plan (2018) – posted on the City website o Creates long-term vision for energy efficiency
o Identifies and categorizes City energy use and GHG emissions o Highlights City’s major energy-using facilities
o Establishes opportunities for further energy efficiency efforts o Prioritizes goals, policies, and actions to achieve energy reduction targets o Develops implementation plan for identified goals, policies, and actions

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

The California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) prepared the “California Adaptation Planning Guide” (APG) through a partnership with California State Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, other State agencies, and experts from local jurisdictions and non- governmental organizations . In 2015, the Governor signed Senate Bill 246 (SB 246), which required Cal OES to update the APG to update the original APG and established the Integrated Climate Adaptation and Resiliency Program (ICARP).

The Integrated Climate Adaptation and Resiliency Program (ICARP), in cooperation with the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, has adopted the following definition of “Climate Vulnerability”:

Climate vulnerability describes the degree to which natural, built, and human systems are at risk of exposure to climate change impacts . Vulnerable communities experience 133
Environmental Justice Element Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation, And Resiliency 81 heightened risk and increased sensitivity to climate change and have less capacity and fewer resources to cope with, adapt to, or recover from climate impacts . These disproportionate effects are caused by physical (built and environmental), social, political, and/or economic factor(s), which are exacerbated by climate impacts . These factors include, but are not limited to, race, class, se xual orientation and identification, national origin, and income inequality.

ICARP’s Adaptation Vision follows.

All Californians thrive in the face of a changing climate. Leading with innovation, California meets the challenge of climate change by taking bold actions to protect our economy, our quality of life, and all people. The state’s most vulnerable communities are prioritized in these actions. Working across all levels of government, the state is prepared for both gradual changes and extreme events. Climate change adaptation and mitigation is standard practice in government and business throughout the state . California meets these goals with urgency while achieving the following long-term outcomes:

• All people and communities respond to changing average conditions, shocks, and stresses in a manner that minimizes risks to public health, safety, and economic disruption and maximizes equity and protection of the most vulnerable. • Natural systems adjust and maintain functioning ecosystems in the face of change. • Infrastructure and built systems withstand changing conditions and shocks, including changes in climate, while continuing to provide essential services.

ICARP’s Adaptation Principles follow.

• Prioritize integrated climate actions, those that both reduce greenhouse gas emissions and build resilience to climate impacts, as well as actions that provide multiple benefits. • Prioritize actions that promote equity, foster community resilience, and protect t he most vulnerable. Explicitly include communities that are disproportionately vulnerable to climate impacts.
• Prioritize natural and green infrastructure solutions to enhance and protect natural resources, as well as urban environments . Preserve and restore ecological systems (or engineered systems that use ecological processes) that enhance natural system functions, services, and quality and that reduce risk, including but not limited to actions that improve water and food security, habitat for fish and wildlife, coastal resources , human health, recreation, and jobs.
• Avoid maladaptation by making decisions that do not worsen the situation or transfer the challenge from one area, sector, or social group to another. Identify and take all opportunities to prepare for climate change in all planning and investment decisions. • Base all planning, policy, and investment decisions on the best available science, including local and traditional knowledge, including consideration of future climate conditions out to 2050 and 2100 and beyond.
• Employ adaptive and flexible governance approaches by utilizing collaborative partnerships across scales and between sectors to accelerate effective problem -solving.

Promote mitigation and adaptation actions at the regional and landscape scales. • Take immediate actions to reduce present and near future (within 20 years) climate change risks for all Californians; do so while also thinking in the long term and responding 134
Environmental Justice Element Section 4: Climate Change, Adaptation, And Resiliency 82 to continual changes in climate, ecology, and economics using adaptive management that incorporates regular monitoring.

The APG provides resources for local governments to access when complying with State requirements, provides recommendations and advice on community -level climate adaptation planning, and explains how the recommendations can be integrated with other local and tribal government planning operations.

Senate Bill 379 and Senate Bill 1035 amended California Government Code Section 65302 to require local cities and counties to include climate adaptation and resiliency and new information pertaining to flood and fire hazards in the safety element of their general plans . In 2015, SB 379 revised Section 6302(g)(4) to require cities and counties to update their safety elements to address climate adaptation and resiliency strategies applicable to their jurisdictions. The Lynwood Safety Element update must include the following:

• A vulnerability assessment that identifies risks that climate change poses to the local jurisdiction;
• A set of goals, policies , and objectives based on a vulnerability assessment for the protection of the community; and,
• A set of feasible implementation strategies to conduct the goals, policies, and objectives.

Section 65302(g)(4) of the California Government Code identifies resources and considerations in support of the requirements . Section 65302(g)(4)(D) allows local jurisdictions to meet this requirement in the Safety Element of the General Plan or with an adopted Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP), stand -alone climate adaptation plan, or a similar document if it “fulfills commensurate goals and objectives and contains the information required.” Suppose if a local jurisdiction elects to meet this requirement with other stand -alone plans or equivalent content in other portions of the general plan. In that case, it “shall summarize and incorporate by reference into the safety element the other general plan provisions, climate adaptation plan or document, specifically showing how each requirement of this subdivision has been met.”

In 2018, SB 1035 further revised Section 65302 to require that after 2022 the Safety Element be reviewed and updated upon each revision of the H ousing Element or the LHMP, but no less frequently than once every eight years, to address climate adaptation and resiliency and to identify new information pertaining to flood and fire hazards.

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Environmental Justice Element Section 5: Contamination 83 Section 5: Contamination

INTRODUCTION

The California Healthy Places Index (HPI) Clean Environment Score is a composite measure of pollution. Lynwood’s HPI Clean Environment Score is in the 71 st percentile. The Public Health
Alliance of Southern California developed the HPI based on the average levels of four common environmental pollutants used to l ink to the California Environmental Protection Agency CalEnviroScreen 3.0 tool. The four common air pollutants analyzed in CalEnviroScreen 3.0 are the following: fine particles in the air (PM 2.5); ground-level Ozone (PM Ozone); diesel particulate matter in the air (DPM); and groundwater contamination. PM 2.5, PM Ozone, and DPM are emitted from motor vehicles, industrial facilities, oil and gas wells, electric utilities, gasoline vapors, and chemical solvents. Groundwater can become contaminated by gasoline, oil, road salts, and other chemicals. In addition, there are many sites in Lynwood that are subject to soil contamination as a result of past industrial activities. The City of Lynwood General Plan Public Health and Safety Element indicates the most common hazardous materials and hazardous waste problems and concerns in Lynwood are related to transportation accidents, illegal dumping, underground storage tank leaks, leaking natural gas pipelines, commercial/industrial wastes, pesticides, and illegal drug laboratories. The California State Department of Toxic Substance Control EnviroStar database contains information about properties in California where hazardous substances have been released or where the potential for a release exists. Hazardous materials have been used and generated in the Lynwood Transit Area Specific Plan area. In addition, there is a substantial potential for uncontrolled release of hazardous materials from vehicular accidents on Interstate - 105. The Lynwood General Plan estimates 20-25 percent of all vehicles using Interstate-105 and Interstate-710 (which borders the City to the east) are transporting some type of hazardous material. In addition, the Alameda Corridor, which extends along the far westerly area of the City, would be a major carrier of hazardous materials. Approximately 100 trains proceed along the corridor each 24- hour period; approximately 70 percent of those trains are estimated to be transporting some sort of hazardous material. Furthermore, Lynwood is located along a major east-west Los Angeles International Airport flight corridor, which presents a potential for an accident involving an aircraft carrying hazardous materials and fuels.

This section presents further information about various sources of contamination in Lynwood.

WATER CONTAMINATION

Water Supplies

The Lynwood Public Services Department and Park Water Company provide water service to the Project site. The City owns and operates six active wells and one 3,000,000- gallon reservoir. A 16-inch Metropolitan Water District feeder to the reservoir also conveys State Water Project water when needed to replenish the reservoir. The City pumps approximately 5,500 acre-feet annually and receives approximately 1,000 -acre feet annually of imported surface water from the Metropolitan Water District feeder line.

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Environmental Justice Element Section 5: Contamination 84 Water Quality

The City of Lynwood is located within a highly urbanized area that has experienced contaminant loads from point and non-point sources. The Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board is the primary agency charged with protecting and enhancing surface and groundwater quality in the region. The primary sources of pollutants to surface and groundwater resources within Lynwood include wastewater treatment plants, septic systems, urban stormwater runoff, past and present industrial production, and commercial businesses that use toxic chemicals and/or toxic materials.

Groundwater threats in Lynwood census tracts indicate two census tracts have scores of 81 and 85; two other tracts have scores of 72 and 77.

Flood Hazards

In the first half of the 20 th-century, flooding was a severe problem in Lynwood . However, channeling the Los Angeles River and the Rio Honda River eliminated much of the danger from flooding. The City of Lynwood is located in Flood Zone X, based on the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s current Flood Insurance Rate Map . This Zone includes areas that have been determined to be outside the 0.2% annual chance of floodplain. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Works created an online map for El Nino Storm Hazard Areas . Few southwestern portions and the entire eastern portion of Lynwood are in the Moderate Flood Risk Area and the eastern boundary of the City near the Los Angeles River.

The CalEnviroScreen analysis for Lynwood census tracts indicates an average score related to the drinking water of 63 (a low of 58 and a high of 72) . The impact level related to “impaired waters” is an average of 39; however, two census tracts indicate factors exceeding 80 (83).

Local drainage limitations cause flooding within Lynwood. Two small areas within the eastern area of Lynwood are in the Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Zone AH, which is the insurance rate zone that corresponds to areas with a 1% annual chance of shallow flooding with a constant water surface elevation of average 1–3-foot depths. 137
Environmental Justice Element Section 5: Contamination 85 Flooding/Flash Flood

A floodplain is an area adjacent to a watercourse or other body of water that is subject to recurring floods. Floodplains may change over time from natural processes, changes in the characteristics of a watershed, or human activity such as a bridge or channel construction. Flooding within Lynwood typically is caused by localized drainage limitations . Localized drainage flooding generally occurs during storm events in which the amount of precipitation accumulates more rapidly than the storm drain system can accommodate. The amount of water is a function of the size and topography of the contributing watershe d, the regional and local climate, and land use characteristics.

Eastern portions of Lynwood are next to the Los Angeles River and within the 100 th-year floodplain.

The southern area of Lynwood lies within Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Z one X (the 50-year floodplain). There have not been any major floods reported in Lynwood, and minor street flooding has occurred at 13 locations in Lynwood, as depicted below. 138
Environmental Justice Element Section 5: Contamination 86 Figure 5-1 – Lynwood Flood Zone Map

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Environmental Justice Element Section 5: Contamination 87 Dam Failure

Dam Failure encompasses a variety of circumstances. Potential causes of dam failure can be attributed to deficiencies in the original design of the dam, quality of construction, maintenance of the dam, and operation of appurtenances while the dam is in operation and acts of native including precipitation in excess of design capacity, flood, and earthquake-cause damage. Dam failure has not affected Lynwood in the past, and however, there have been failed dams within Los Angeles within the past 100 years.

Whittier Narrows Dam is the greatest dam failure threat to Lynwood. This d am is a principal element of the Los Angeles County Drainage Area (LACDA) flood control system. The d am and Reservoir serve to collect runoff from uncontrolled drainage areas upstream as w ell as releases into the San Gabriel River.

The primary purpose of the dam is flood risk management. Although there is a significant volume of water released into the San Gabriel River from the dam, most of the water released is through the outlet works i nto the Rio Hondo. Releases from the d am into the Rio Hondo are limited to a maximum of 41,000 cubic feet per second.

The Whittier Narrows Dam no longer meets tolerable-risk guidelines and could fail in the event of a very large, very rare storm. Federal engineers found that the Whittier Narrows structure could fail if water were to flow over its crest or if seepage eroded sandy soil beneath. The Whittier Narrows Dam was risk characterized by the Dam Safety Action Classification (DSAC) by the United States Army Corps of Engineers due to the combination of loss of life with a very high likelihood of failure only when filled by a rare flood event. The study demonstrates that should this rare flood occur; the dam could fail through erosion underneath or even overtopping, putting the very large population downstream (in excess of one million people) at risk, including the entire City of Lynwood. Lynwood could expect inundation depths of up to eight feet. However, the probability of a future dam failure affecting Lynwood is not known.

SOIL CONTAMINATION

The CalEnviroScreen analysis for Lynwood census tracts indicates an average score related to environmental cleanup sites of 53. However, two census tracts indicate an environmental score of 99, and one census tract indicates an environmental score of 83.

Oil spills are considered a significant impact along BSNF and Union Pacific railways. Small spills can be mitigated and are classified as less than significant. Large oil spills (greater than 50 barrels) may not be completely contained and, therefore, would be considered significant impacts.

Oil and Gas Wells

There is one oil and gas well in Lynwood.
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Environmental Justice Element Section 5: Contamination 88 Pipeline Rupture/Hazardous Material

Although pipelines are the safest and most reliable method of transporting natural gas, crude oil, liquid petroleum products, and chemical products, there is still an inherent risk due to the nature of the hazardous materials. Crude oil is a complex mixture of thousands of different hydrocarbons and varying amounts of other compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, salts, trace metals, and water. These products can be hazardous in their final state and as they are being processed and refined. The principal hazards at refineries and fire and explosion because refineries process many products with low flashpoints. Other processing hazards include toxicity, corrosiveness, and asphyxiation. Hazardous material releases can occur from industrial facilities at fixed sites or along transportation corridors such as rail lines (e.g., t he Alameda Corridor) and roadways (e.g., Interstate-105 and Interstate -710). Although there have been no pipeline failure incidents that have affected neighborhoods within Lynwood, several incidents have occurred in the region.

There are numerous industrial facilities in or near Lynwood , and the South Bay is a location for many industrial sites, including refineries and other chemical processing plants, such as those operated by Chevron and Space X.

Pipelines primarily are underground as a safety measure. Although pipelines generally are the safest method of transporting hazardous chemicals, they are not failsafe . Whether in the form of a slow leak or violent rupture, pipeline product releases are a risk in any community . Pipelines owned by Shell Oil extend beneath Lynwood’s streets . Despite safety and efficiency statistics, increases in energy consumption and population growth near pipelines present the potential for a pipeline emergency incident.

The Office of the State Fire Marshall Pipeline Safety Division monitors pipelines . In addition, the System Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) monitors pipelines that measure flow rate, temperature, and pressure. The network transfers real-time data via satellite from pipelines to a control center where valves, pumps, and motors are remotely operated. An alarm sounds if any tampering with the pipeline occurs . The ensuing valve reaction is instantaneous, with the alarm system isolating any rupture and setting off a chain reaction that shuts down pipeline pumps and alerts pipeline operators within seconds.

All industrial facilities have the potential to produce hazardous releases. The plant operators and the State Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) maintain details of the type and extent of potential releases . The facilities are required to notify the Los Angeles County Hazardous Materials Incident Response Team when there is an incident.

The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) ensures that intra-state natural gas and liquid petroleum gas pipeline systems are designed, constructed, operated, and maintained according to safety standards established by the CPUC and the Federal government.

Although safety programs are designed to prevent hazardous material releases, accidents occur due to equipment failures or human error. In addition, a large earthquake could rupture piping and other containment systems and derange controls, causing releases, fires, and public health incidents. There is a high probability of future hazardous re leases from refineries and chemical plants that could affect Lynwood residents. Currently, t here are hazardous materials sites and contamination throughout much of Lynwood, as identified using the CalEnviroScreen tool. These are depicted in Figure 5-2 on the following page.
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Environmental Justice Element Section 5: Contamination 89 Figure 5-2 – Contaminated Sites – Lynwood

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Environmental Justice Element Section 6: Access to Healthy Food 90 Section 6: Access to Healthy Food

INTRODUCTION

Access to healthy food has become a priority in environmental justice and public health contexts because the percentage of obese adults and children has been increasing, particularly in low - income communities. Poor health conditions related to obesity include heart disease, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, cancer, and diabetes. Research conducted by E. Gregg, Y. Zhuo, A. Albright, K. Narayan, and T. Thompson (“Trends in lifetime risk and years of life lost due to diabetes in the USA, 1985-2011: a modeling study”) found the risk of developing diabetes during an average lifespan in the U.S. population has increased to nearly 40%. Low-income residents in Lynwood are more likely to have limited access to healthy and affordable foods. Some areas struggle with food deserts – areas that do not have adequate physical access to nutritious, healthy foods. This access may have been limited further by the economic effects of the COVID pandemic.

EXISTING CONDITIONS

Food insecurity is considered to have three pillars: availability, access, and utilization. Food insecure households often are the same ones whose residents struggle with obesity, and creating access without addressing affordability may not necessarily help increase the consumption of healthy food.

In 2018, the obesity rate in Lynwood was 39.9%. In 2018, the share of Lynwood’s population 18 years of age and over who were ever diagnosed with asthma was 11.6% , the diabetes rate was

13.2%, and the share for heart disease was 3.7%. Better access to healthy food can help address obesity, diabetes, and heart disease conditions in Lynwood. Good nutrition also promotes success at school and work, improves the overall quality of life, and leads to important collateral benefits such as more physically and mentally active lifestyles and increased valuable participation in family and community events. An adequate, nutritious diet is a necessity at all life stages because nutrition plays a significant role in preventing a number of illnesses.

The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health “Los Angeles County Health Survey 2015” indicated that 32% of Lynwood adults (ages 18 and older) were obese (compared to 24% in Los Angeles County) and that 12% of Lynwood adults were diagnosed with diab etes (compared to 10% of Los Angeles County adults).

Research conducted by the University of Southern California (Cancer Surveillance Program, 2011-2015) and Hedderson Demographic Services Population Estimates, 2011- 2015 indicated that being physically active and eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean meats, and fiber can reduce the risk of colon cancer and that obesity can increase an individual’s lifetime risk of breast cancer. This research also indicated 38.5 newly diagnosed colon cancer cases per 100,000 Lynwood population and 106.2 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases among the 100,000 female population.

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Environmental Justice Element Section 6: Access to Healthy Food 91 Policies in the Environmental Justice Element can help improve access to healthy food for Disadvantaged Communities in Lynwood . Programs and actions that can increase access to healthy food include the following: zoning changes; streamlining project approvals for opening grocery stores in underserved areas; developing policies to increase access to farmer’s markets; promoting community gardens; working with local convenience stores to increase the provision of fresh produce; and establishing food procurement policies.

Food insecurity, or the inability to reliably afford or access sufficient quantities of healthy foods, affects thousands of low-income households in Los Angeles County. Fortunately, food assistance is available in most communities through the CalFresh and WIC programs . Children from households at high risk for food insecurity and who attend public schools also are eligible to participate in California’s Free or Reduced -Price Meal Program. The California Department of Education, Free or Reduced -Price Meal Data, 2016- 2017, estimated that 93 %of public-school students in Lynwood were eligible for free or reduced-price meals.

Not every Lynwood resident has easy access to affordable, nutritious food , and this may be due to the prevalence of low -income households throughout most of the City or rel iance on public transportation. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health “Los Angeles County Health Survey, 2015” reported that 20% of Lynwood households experienced food insecurity among households with incomes below 300% of the Federal poverty level.

Grocery Stores

It is very challenging for people to have a healthy diet if they have limited access to nutritious and affordable food options. The United States Department of Agriculture utilizes an online Food Access Research Atlas to map food access indicators by census tract, tracking places where the provision of food sources is inadequate. The Food Access Research Atlas maps food access indicators for census tracts using ½-mile and 1-mile demarcations to the nearest supermarket for urban areas and vehicle availability for all tracts. The Food Access Research Atlas reported that in 2015, 57% of Lynwood’s population lived in close proximity to a supermarket or grocery store (compared to 62% of Los Angeles County residents).

Lynwood is home to more than 40 grocery stores, specialty markets, convenience stores, and one nutritional grocery store. Figure 6-1 depicts their locations. The majority of these grocery stores include tobacco for sale.
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Environmental Justice Element Section 6: Access to Healthy Food 92 Figure 6-1 – Grocery Stores in Lynwood (2021)

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Environmental Justice Element Section 6: Access to Healthy Food 93 Farmers Markets

Farmers’ markets are a valuable community resource that can promote healthy eating by making fresh and in-season fruits and vegetables readily available to residents . Many such markets can process payments through the Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) system or accept checks from food assistance programs. This ensures low-income residents participating in programs such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (CalFresh) or the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) also can access fresh, high-quality produce sold at these markets. According to the California Department of Social Services, Research Services Branch “CalFresh Geocoding Data, 2015,” an estimated 18,177 people in Lynwood were eligible to participate in the CalFresh Program, and 69% of eligible people participated in such Program.

Farmers’ markets have historically not occurred in the City of Lynwood, however, as of April 14, 2022 a Farmer’s market has debuted at Lynwood City Park (11301 Bullis Road, Lynwood, CA 90262) every Thursday from 10am-3pm.

Restaurants

Full Service

There are 103 non-fast-food restaurants in Lynwood, of which at least nine have licenses to serve alcoholic beverages. Figure 6-2 on the following page depicts non-fast-food restaurants that are not licensed to serve alcoholic beverages.
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Environmental Justice Element Section 6: Access to Healthy Food 94 Figure 6-2 – Non-Fast-Food Restaurants (2021)

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Environmental Justice Element Section 6: Access to Healthy Food 95 Fast Food

There are 43 fast-food restaurants in Lynwood based on data gathered from SAFEGraph. The data uses the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) to define the type s of restaurants. Figure 6-3 shows only restaurants that are defined as “Limited-Service Restaurants”, “Retail Bakeries”, or “Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars”. Based on the names of the restaurants, these three categories encapsulate the general definiti on of fast food . Fast food restaurants are defined by USDA Economic Research Service as “an establishment that provides food service where patrons generally order or select items and pay before eating; some establishments may provide food service in combination with alcoholic beverage sales.” The high concentration of “fast food” restaurants in the City of Lynwood could be considered indicative of food desert conditions.
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Environmental Justice Element Section 6: Access to Healthy Food 96 Figure 6-3 – Fast-Food Restaurants (Lynwood, 2021)

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Environmental Justice Element Section 6: Access to Healthy Food 97 Liquor Establishments

One crucial community characteristic associated with community safety is alcohol outlet density.

Alcohol outlet density refers to the number of retail outlets in a community that sell s alcohol relative to the number of residents living in that community. In general, alcohol consumption tends to be higher in communities where the alcohol outlet density also is high. This has important implications for health as excessive consumption of alcohol is a leading cause of premature death in Los Angeles County. In addition to elevated crime rates, communities with high alcohol outlet densities experience more deaths from alcohol -related motor vehicle crashes . The State of California Alcoholic Beverage Control, 2013 and Hedderson Demographic Services “Population Estimates, 2013” indicated there are 9.6 alcohol outlets per 100,000 residents in Lynwood, compared to 15.1 alcohol outlets per 100,000 residents in Los Angeles County . There are nine liquor stores in Lynwood, in addition to the convenience stores that may sell alcoholic beverages, as depicted in Figure 6-4 on the following page.
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Environmental Justice Element Section 6: Access to Healthy Food 98 Figure 6-4 – Liquor Stores (Lynwood, 2021)

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Environmental Justice Element Section 6: Access to Healthy Food 99 Pharmacies

There are nine pharmacies in Lynwood. Figure 6-5 shows the locations of pharmacies in the City of Lynwood. The highest concentration of pharmacies occurs in the middle of the city. This could present as a potential issue for lower income communities and serve as a barrier to high q uality services as they will have to commute further distances to get their medications.

Figure 6-5 – Pharmacies (Lynwood, 2021)

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Section 7: Health Care

INTRODUCTION

The vast majority of adults and children in Los Angeles County have health insurance, in large part due to outreach efforts and local insurance availability for children, and expansion of insurance coverage following the passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2012. However, despite this progress, rates of uninsured remain high in some communities, especially among low-income Latinos. Even people who have health insurance may continue to experience difficulty accessing needed health care. Cities and community organizations can play important roles in advocating for needed services and providing information about free or low -cost services in their communities. Hospitals also can provide medical and dental services through their community benefit programs and other community services.

ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE

The United States Census Bureau “American Community Survey, 2011-2015” indicated that 13% of children (ages 17 years and younger) in Lynwood were uninsured and 38% of adults (ages 18- 64 years) were uninsured . Both these percentages substantially exceed the respective percentages in Los Angeles County . In addition, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health “Los Angeles County Health Survey, 2015” indicated t hat 11% of children in Lynwood (ages 2 to 17 years) were unable to afford needed dental care in the past 12 months, and 18% of adults (ages 18 years and older) reported difficulty accessing health care.

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

Reproductive health outcomes, including teen births, low birth weight births, and infant deaths are among the most important measures of a community’s health. Adolescent girls who give birth are at a much greater risk of not completing their education. Babies born at a low birth weight are at markedly increased risk for a range of medical complications that can impair their development and reduce their prospects for a long and healthy life. Infant deaths are among the most tragic health events in a community and sadly occur at a much greater frequency in some communities than others. In addition to racial inequity, less access to prenatal care, lower education, and income levels, research suggests chronic stress associated with both historical and ongoing racism are important contributing factors. Cities and communities can assume an important role in addressing these inequities in reproductive health outcomes by examining their policies and practices with a racial equity lens, ensuring all groups have the opportunities and resources necessary to achieve optimal health. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health “Los Angeles County Linked Birth Data, 2014- 2016” and Hedderson Demographic Services “Population Estimates, 2014-2016” indicated teen births (live births per 1,000 women ages 15-17 years) in Lynwood number 8.2 and teen births (live births per 1,000 women ages 18-19 years) in Lynwood number 25.7.

Furthermore, the percentage of low -birth-weight births in Lynwood numbered 6%. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health “Los Angeles County Linked Death Data, 2102- 153
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2016” and “Los Angeles County Linked Birth Data, 2012- 2016)” indicated an infant death rate (per 1,000 live births) in Lynwood was 4.2. Furthermore, 88% of births to women in Lynwood initiated prenatal care in the first trimester.

MENTAL HEALTH

Mental health is essential to overall well-being. Individuals exposed to chronic stress from financial worry, work and family demands, job insecurity, unsafe living environments, social isolation, or discrimination are at a greater risk of developing mental health conditions such as substance abuse, death from suicide, or drug overdose . Ensuring access to timely and affordable mental health interventions and services is important for treating mental health conditions effectively.

Promoting well-being at the community level may help prevent these conditions from developing.

Cities and communities can assume active roles in fostering mental health by ensuring community safety; promoting employment opportunitie s and economic security; expanding affordable housing; creating varied opportunities for residents to engage in community issues; reducing the stigma associated with mental health; and providing support services, particularly for seniors and other vulnerable community members. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health “Los Angeles County Health Survey, 2015” indicated that 6% of adults (ages 18 years and older) in Lynwood has been diagnosed with depression. The Los Angeles County Department of Publ ic Health “Los Angeles County Linked Death Data, 20 12-2016” and Hedderson Demographic Services “Population Estimates, 2012- 2016” indicated 5.0 deaths (per 100,000 population) occurred from an unintentional drug overdose.

PHYSICAL HEALTH

The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health in the “Los Angeles County Health Survey, 2015” reported that 60 % of Lynwood adults (ages 18 years and older) reported receiving the social and emotional support.

MEDICAL FACILITIES/OFFICES

Lynwood is home to the large Saint Francis Medical Center medical fac ility, which includes the following:

• Saint Francis Medical Center (3630 East Imperial Highway) • Family Life Center at Saint Francis Medical Center (3630 East Imperial Highway) • Saint Francis Levey Pediatric Clinic (3630 East Imperial Highway) • Beyan Lorpu (3630 East Imperial Highway)

In addition, AME Medical Group operates the AME Medical Group Urgent Care facility, located at 3625 Martin Luther King Jr Blvd.

Additional medical facilities and service providers are located at:

Saint Francis Radiology Medical Group
3630 Imperial Highway

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Hugh P. Fulmer, M.D.
3621 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard

Durousseau Medical Association
3660 Imperial Highway

Saint Francis Medical Center
3630 East Imperial Highway

Floyd Barbour Medical Associates
2640 Industry Way, Suite A

California Cardiothoracic Associates Medical Group
3628 Imperial Highway

Ricardo E. McKenzie, M.D. Inc.
3680 Imperial Highway, Suite 470

Saint Francis Pathology Medical Group
3630 Imperial Highway

Nijole Glaze, M.D.
3737 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, #404

We Care More Family Clinic/Consultant Cynthia Y. Lidy
3737 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, #605

BAART Programs Lynwood Addition Research and Treatment, Inc. 11682 Atlantic Avenue

BAART Programs Lynwood BAART Behavioral Health Services, Inc. 11682 Atlantic Avenue

Lynwood United Medical
3150 Imperial Highway, #203

Women Health Care Services
3680 Imperial Highway, #460

Pro Health Partners, A Medical Group, Inc.
3628 Imperial Highway, #202
Karol Bowens, M.D. Inc.
3621 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, #2

L. A. Care Health Plan Community Health Resource Center 3200 East Imperial Highway

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L. A. Endocrine Care, Inc.
3621 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard

Southern California Permanente Medical Group
3830 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard

Drew Child Development Corporation
3737 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard

Dusk to Dawn Urgent Care
3680 East Imperial Highway, #410

Andy Hong, M.D.
3625 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard

Family Healthcare Center – Midaskian, Inc.
3150 East Imperial Highway, #200

Southern California Health & Rehabilitation Program
2620 Industry Way, Suite B

Gracie-Ann Dinkins, M.D., Inc.
3628 East Imperial Highway, Suite 204

Danielle Dabbs D.O., Inc.
3737 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, Suite 404

Tchaka B. Shepherd M.D., Inc.
3737 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard

Healthy Care Clinical Laboratory, Inc.
3737 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, #345

Odette R. Tawadrous Medical Clinic, Inc.
3625 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard

Manish Mehta, M.D.
3628 Imperial Highway, #201

A New You Medical Weight Control
10910 Long Beach Boulevard, #106

JWCH Medical Clinic – Lynwood JWCH Institute, Inc.
3591 East Imperial Highway

C & V Management Service
10910 Long Beach Boulevard, #106

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Lynwood Health Center
11123 Long Beach Boulevard

Wesley Health Centers – JWCH Institute, Inc.
3580 East Imperial Highway

Eisner Pediatric & Family Medical Center at Lynwood at Lynwood Pediatric & Family Medical Center
3680 East Imperial Highway, Suite 200

Summit Healthcare, Inc.
3621 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, Suite 14

Southern California Health & Rehabilitation Program
2594 Industry Way

Vascular & Thoracic Associates of L.A.
3680 East Imperial Highway, Suite 502

Quality Care Prosthetics & Orthotics, Inc.
3610 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard

California Emergency Physicians Medical Group
3630 East Imperial Highway

Harding G. Young M.D., Inc.
3617 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, #1

Clinica Familiar San Lucas
11050 Atlantic Avenue

Wesley Health Centers (Lynwood Middle School) – JWCH Institute, Inc. 12124 Bullis Road

Saint Francis Multispecialty Medical Group, Inc.
3628 East Imperial Highway, Suite 303

Saint John’s Well Child and Family Center
3628 East Imperial Highway, Suite 301

DaVita Kidney Dialysis Care Unit
3600 East Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard

DaVita Imperial Care Dialysis Center
4345 East Imperial Highway

DaVita Kidney Care
10211 Long Beach Boulevard
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Furthermore, there are five nursing homes in Lynwood:

• Bloomfield East (3515 East Imperial Highway)
• Country Villa Lynwood Healthcare Center (3611 East Imperial Highway) • Hallmark Nursing Center (3565 East Imperial Highway)
• Royal Oaks Care Center (3565 East Imperial Highway)
• Saint Francis Medical Center DR (3630 Imperial Highway)

TOBACCO USE

Tobacco use is a leading preventable cause of premature death and disability . More than one million adults and adolescents in Los Angeles County smoke tobacco. Cities and communities can play a vital role in supporting public health efforts to reduce the toll of smoking and other forms of tobacco use . Many cities and all unincorporated communities in Los Angeles County prohibit smoking in public spaces such as parks, beaches, and outdoor dining areas. In addition, many cities prohibit smoking in multi-unit residential complexes, such as apartment buildings, to reduce exposure to second -hand smoke. Cities and communities can take additional actions to reduce youth access to t obacco products by promoting zoning and licensing restrictions to regulate the location and density of tobacco retailers and vape shops, especially in youth-sensitive areas and vulnerable neighborhoods. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health “Los Angeles County Health Survey, 2015” indicated that 8% of Lynwood’s adult population (ages 18 years and older) smoke cigarettes (compared to 13% of the adult population in Los Angeles County.

The link between tobacco use and cancer and pulmonary disease is well established . The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health “Los Angeles County Linked Death Data, 2012- 2016” and Hedderson Demographic Services “Population Estimates, 2012-2016” indicate an age- adjusted death rate for lung cancer deaths among 100,000 population in Lynwood is 36.0. I n comparison to 27.1 lung cancer deaths per the 100,000 population in Los Angeles County , the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease death rate among 100,000 Lynwood residents is 35.5, in comparison to the corresponding Los Angeles County death rate of 27.9 per 100,000 residents.

In addition to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease-related deaths include deaths due to heart disease and stroke. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health “Los Angeles County Linked Death Data, 2012- 2016 and Hedderson Demographic Services “Population Estimates, 2012 -2016” indicate Lynwood’s cardiovascular disease death rate p er 100,000 population was 225.4; the corresponding cardiovascular disease death rate in Los Angeles County was 204.8.
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Environmental Justice Element Section 8: Safe and Sanitary Housing 106

Section 8: Safe and Sanitary Housing

INTRODUCTION

Information for this Section was taken from the 2021- 2029 Housing Element and other sources such as Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) data. Factors evaluated include the number and type of housing units, tenure, vacancy, housing age, and condition.

Access to safe and sanitary housing is imperative for all . A home not only provides shelter, but also provides families a sense of security, health, peace of mind, and focal point for life . Factors that profoundly influence a person’s and family’s health and well -being include whether or not housing is located in a resource- rich complete neighborhood; is of high quality and free from health hazards; is affordable and not a financial burden; and is a place where people can remain if they so choose.

A “housing unit” is defined as a house, apartment, mobile home, or group of rooms occupied as separate living quarters, or if vacant, intended for occupancy as separate living quarters. Quality housing refers to housing that is decent, safe, sanitary, and in good condition. The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development identifies four types of housing problems for households:

• The housing unit lacks complete kitchen facilities;
• The housing unit lacks complete plumbing facilities;
• The household is overcrowded; and,
• The household is cost-burdened.

A household is classified as having a housing problem if it has at least one of the above problems.

Cost burdened households are common in Lynwood.

LYNWOOD HOUSING STOCK

Lynwood’s 2020 housing inventory of 15,571 units were comprised of 9,359 (61%) single-family detached dwellings, 970 (6.3%) single -family attached dwellings, 1,840 (12%) multi -family, 2-4 dwelling units, 3,037 (19.8%) multi-family, five or more units), and 135 (0.9%) mobile homes. Forty- two and six -tenths percent (42.6% ) of homes in Lynwood were owner- occupied (compared to approximately 52% in the SCAG region).

The 2019-2021 Lynwood Housing Element identifies strategies and programs that focus on the following:

• Conserving and improving existing affordable housing; • Providing adequate sites for housing development;
• Assisting in the development of affordable housing;
• Removing governmental and other constraints to facilitate housing development; and, • Promoting equal housing opportunities for families of all income levels. 159
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Lynwood’s Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) requirement for the 2021- 2029 Cycle (6th Cycle) is 1,558 units, assigned as follows:

• 377 – Very Low-Income
• 139 – Low-Income
• 235 – Moderate-Income
• 807 – Above Moderate-Income

Staff identified 2,628 existing sites with capacities to accommodate the City RHNA allocation in all income categories, as follows, and thereby has ensured more than enough sites are available to comply with the 6
th Cycle RHNA requirements:

• 456 – Very Low-Income
• 567 – Low-Income
• 391 – Moderate-Income
• 1,214 – Above Moderate-Income

Housing Age and Conditions

The greatest share (27.5%) of housing units in Lynwood were constructed in 1950-1959; 86% of housing stock in Lynwood were constructed prior to 1980. Typically, housing more than 30 years of age is likely to need rehabilitation to major elements of the structures (such as roofs, sidings, plumbing, and electricity) . As a result, a large percentage of Lynwood’s housing stock is in substandard condition. According to the 2020-2025 Five-Year Consolidated Plan, approximately 12,840 units were estimated to need some level of rehabilitation and/or may require replacement Citywide. Housing built prior to 1978 before stringent limits on the amount of lead in paint was imposed may have interior or exterior building components coated with lead-based paint. Housing constructed prior to 1970 is the most likely to need rehabilitation and lead -based paint in a deteriorated condition. Lead-based paint is hazardous to children younger than the age of six and pregnant women when it peels off walls or is pulverized by opening and closing windows and doors. Table 8-1 below presents the age distribution of Lynwood’s housing stock compared to the SCAG region. This table demonstrates that the greatest share (27.5%) of housing units in Lynwood were constructed between 1950 and 1959, and 86% of Lynwood’s housing stock was constructed prior to 1980, which suggests the possibility of a need for maintenance and rehabilitation, including remediation of lead-based paint for a substantial number of dwelling units.

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Table 8-1 – Age of Housing Stock (Lynwood and SCAG Region)

American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS

Special Needs

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) defines persons with disabilities as those who have physical or mental impairments that substantially limit one or mor major life activities. Disabled persons often have a difficult time obtaining adequate housing because they earn lower incomes, pay higher health costs, depend on supportive services, or require special accessibility such as elevators and ramps that are not available in conventional designs. The Unit ed States Census considers the following disability categories that limit one or more major life activity:

• Sensory Disability – Includes blindness, deafness, or sever vision or hearing impairment. • Physical Disability – Refers to a condition that substanti ally limits one or more basic physical activities such as walking, climbing stairs, reaching, lifting, or carrying. • Mental Disability – Refers to impaired ability to learn, remember, or concentrate. • Self-Care Disability – Refers to an impaired ability to d ress, bathe, or get around inside the house.
• Go-Outside-Home Disability – Refers to at are physically unable to go outside the home alone to shop or visit a doctor’s office.
• Employment Disability – Includes those individuals that are unable work.

Table 8 -2 below presents disabilities by type in Lynwood and indicates the most commonly occurring disability among seniors (65 years of age and older) was ambulatory disability. 161
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Table 8-2 – Disabilities by Type (Lynwood)

Elderly

Federal housing data define an “elderly family” household if that household consists of two persons with either or both age 62 or over. There are 1,439 such households in Lynwood, 42% of which earn less than 30% of the surrounding area income and 64.9% of which earn less than 50% of the surrounding area income . Table 8 -3 below presents Lynwood’s elderly households by income and tenure.

Table 8-3 – Elderly Households by Income and Tenure (Lynwood)

HUD CHAS, 2012-2016. HAMFI refers to Housing Urban Development Area Median Fam ily Income.

Large Households

Large households are defined as households with five or more members. The following Table 8- 4 presents the range of household sizes in Lynwood for owners, renters, and overall . The two most commonly occurring household sizes are four people and five people, respectfully . Large families needing units with more bedrooms generally face higher housing costs.

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Table 8-4 – Household Size by Tenure (Lynwood)

American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

Female-Headed Households

Of Lynwood’s total 15,571 households, 23.4% are female -headed, 12.8% are female -headed wand with children, and 2.1% are female-headed and with children younger than 6 years of age.

Approximately 1.6% of female-headed households in Lynwood are experiencing poverty – a figure more than double the comparable figure in the SCAG region. Table 8-5 below indicates the female-headed household poverty status in Lynwood.

Table 8-5 – Poverty Status for Female-Headed Households (Lynwood)

American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates.

Farm Workers

Recent United States Census estimates are that approximately 91 (81 full -time) Lynwood residents were employed in agricultural, forestry, or fishing and hunting. 163
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Homeless Persons

In 2022, the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority conducted a homeless count that indicated on any given day there are an estimated 69,114 homeless persons in Los Angeles County (a 4.1% increase from the 2020 homeless count) . Homeless include families that might be displaced through evictions, women and children displaced through abusive family life, persons with substance abuse problems, veterans, or persons with serious mental illness. In 2020, 85 unsheltered persons were reported in Lynwood.

HOUSING BURDEN

Homes often are the largest financial asset of homeowners . Housing affordability is a major concern for many Los Angeles County residents. Housing constitutes the single largest monthly expense for most people. Many residents in Los Angeles County spend a sizable portion of their monthly incomes on monthly housing expenses and are susceptible to significant housing burden, defined as housing expenses that total 30% or more of monthly income . Housing burden disproportionately affects low -income individuals, renters, and communities of color, many of whom experience severe housing burden, meaning their housing costs total 50% or more of their monthly incomes.

Housing burden can negatively impact health by causing significant stress and by limiting the amount of money people have available to spend on other life necessities such as food and health care. The high cost of housing also can affect health by prohibiting access to high quality housing, which often can be overly expensive. Living in poor quality housing can increase exposure to environmental hazards, such as lead, molds, and cockroaches. Lead exposure d uring childhood is a particular concern because it can adversely impact brain development. Exposure to molds and cockroaches can worsen underlying respiratory conditions, such as asthma in children. The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health “Los A ngeles County Health Survey, 2015” estimated 8% of children (ages 17 years and younger) in Lynwood were diagnosed with asthma.

Sixty-one percent (61%) of Lynwood’s households experience housing burden; 30% of Lynwood households experience severe housing burden. The corresponding percentages in Los Angeles County are 49% and 25%, respectively. Fifty-seven percent (57%) of Lynwood’s households rent their dwellings

The United States Census Bureau “American Community Survey, 2011-2015” indicated 44% of Lynwood households own their homes; that is, 57% of Lynwood households rent their homes .

Housing security generally is defined by one’s ability to pay the rent or the mortgage and remain in his/her neighborhood if he/she so chooses. Someone devoting (or requiring) a high percentage of his/her income to housing costs can leave little money for food, medications, schools supplies, or other necessities . Also, this may lead to housing -induced poverty in the case of low -income households.

Households that spend more than 30% of their income on housing and utilities are considered cost “burdened.” Housing affordability is a major concern for many Los Angeles County residents.

Housing constitutes the single largest monthly expense for most residents. Given the high cost of housing in Los Angeles County, many residents spend a sizable portion of their incomes on housing every month and are susceptible to significant housing burden. Housing burden disproportionately affects low-income individuals, renters, and communities of color. Many such 164
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individuals and households experience severe housing burden; that is, their housing costs total 50% or more of their monthly incomes. Housing burden can negatively impact health by causing significant stress and by limiting the amount of money people have available to spend on other life necessities such as food or health care. In addition, housing burden can increase the risk for homelessness.

Overpayment

Households that experience a housing cost burden (overpaying) spend more than 30% of their income on housing costs and utilities . Data presented below was obtained from the American Community Survey (ACS) that is conducted in 5- year increments. The following Figure 8-1 and Figure 8-2 illustrate where households in Lynwood are cost-burdened, using results of the 2015- 2019 ACS for homeowners and renters . In 2015-2019, 60%-80% of households in most census tracts in Lynwood, except for a region in the northwest of the City, were cost -burdened.

Homeowners experienced a more favorable housing market than in previous years. The majority of Lynwood fell within the 40%-60% cost-burdened range. A few areas in the north and southeast areas of Lynwood were 60%-80% cost-burdened. However, the northwest portion of the City on average is of higher income and thereby 20% -40% of households in that area were overpaying for housing costs.
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Figure 8-1 – Overpayment by Renters (Lynwood, 2015-2019)

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Figure 8-2 – Overpayment by Homeowners (Lynwood, 2015-2019)

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Rental Housing

A significant percentage (57 percent) of residents in Lynwood’s Disadvantaged Communities live in renter-occupied housing. According to the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, there were 15,312 households in Lynwood in 2016. There are 8,930 renter households in Lynwood, of which 5,605 (62.8%) spend 30% or more of their gross income on housing, compared to 55.3% in the SCAG region. Also, 31.7% of renters spend 50% or more of gross income on housing, compared to 28.9% of renters in the SCAG region.

The age group where renters outnumber owners the greatest is 15- 24. Owners 85 years of age or older outnumber renters . The following Table 8-6 and Table 8-7 indicate the percentage of income Lynwood residents spend on rent and the percentage of income spent on rent from 2015- 2018 by income category.

Table 8-6 – Percentage of Income Spent on Rent (Lynwood)

Table 8-7 – Percentage of Income Spent on Rent by Income Category (Lynwood)

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FOR-SALE HOUSING

Table 8-8 below presents median sales price trends for existing Lynwood homes during 2000 - 2018. Median home sales prices increased 200% between 2000 and 2018. As elsewhere in Southern California, the following Table 8-9 indicates monthly mortgage cost by income category in Lynwood. Table 8-9 confirms the percentage of income spent on mortgage payments is greater for households a the lower-income levels.

Table 8-8 – Median Home Sales Price for Existing Homes (Lynwood and SCAG Region)

SCAG Local Profiles, Core Logic/Data Quick. SCAG median home sales price calculated as household -weighted average county medians.

Table 8-9 – Monthly Mortgage Cost by Income Category (Lynwood)

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Overcrowded Housing

Overcrowding is closely related to household income and housing cost. The United States Census Bureau considers a household to be overcrowded when there is more than one person per room (excluding kitchens and bathrooms), and severely overcrowded when there are more than 1.5 occupants per room. Overcrowded housing is a problem that impacts Lynwood’s Disadvantaged Communities. As the following Table 8-10 indicates, the American Community Survey 2014-2018 determined 18.7% of owner- occupied dwellings in Lynwood were overcrowded and 5.8% of owner-occupied dwellings were severely overcrowded. In addition, 29.9 % of renter- occupied dwellings were overcrowded and 11% of renter-occupied dwellings were severely overcrowded.

Therefore, approximately 40.9% of Lynwood’s renter- occupied households were overcrowded, compared to 24.5% of owner-occupied households. These percentages are substantially greater than the respective percentages for the SCAG region as a whole.

Table 8-10 – Overcrowding by Tenure (Lynwood and SCAG Region)

American Community Survey 2014-2018 5-year estimates

The United States considers a household to be overcrowded when there is more than one person per room, exclusive of kitchens and bathrooms . Severely overcrowded households where there are more than 1.5 occupants per room . The following Table 8-11 presents the incidence of overcrowding for Lynwood in comparison with overcrowding in the SCAG region. Recent Census data indicate that overcrowding was more prevalent among Lynwood renters that for owner- occupied units . Approximately 40.9% of City rente r-occupied households were overcrowded compared to 24.5% of households were within the extremely low -income category with renters much more likely than owners to fall within category.

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Table 8-11 – Extremely Low-Income Households (Lynwood)

HUD CHAS, 2012-2016. HAMFI refers to Housing Urban Development Area Median Family Income

Housing Affordability and Overpayment

California State housing policy indicates overpaying for housing occurs when housing costs exceed 30% of gross household income . Table 8 -12 below presents recent estimates for overpayment by income category for Lynwood residents and demonstrates that overpayment is much more frequent for households at the extremely low-income and very low-income levels than those households in higher income categories. The following Table 8-13 presents affordable rent levels and estimated affordable purchase prices for housing in Lynwood and Los Angeles County by income category . Based on California State -adopted standards for a 4- person family, the maximum affordable monthly rent for extremely low-income households is $845 and the maximum affordable monthly for very low-income households is $1,407. Maximum affordable rent for low- income households is $2,252; for moderate-income households, $2,319. The estimated maximum affordable home purchase price for moderate -income households is estimated based on typical conditions. Affordable prices have not been estimated for lower-income categories because most market affordable housing is provided at the moderate-income level.

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Table 8-12 – Overpayment by Income Category (Lynwood)

Income Distribution Overview Owner Renter Total
Household Income less-than or=
30% HAMFI
505 2,855 3,360
Household Income >30% to less-
than or= 50%
HAMFI
1,005 2,415 3,420
Household Income >50% to less-
than or= 80%
HAMFI
1,570 2,095 3,665
Household Income >80% to less-
than or=100%
HAMFI
980 775 1,755
Household Income >100% HAMFI 2,580 790 3,370
Total 6,640 8,930 15,570

Table 8-13 – Income Categories and Affordable Housing Costs (Los Angeles County)

2020 LA County Median
Income = $77,300 Income Limits* Affordable
Rent
Affordable Price
(est.)
Extremely Low (<30%) $33,800 $845 *
Very Low (31-50%) $56,300 $1,407 *
Low (51-80%) $90,100 $2,252 *
Moderate (81-120%) $92,750 $2,319 $375,000
Above moderate (120%+) Over $92,750 Over $2,319 Over $375,000 Assumptions:
-30% of gross income for rent or principal, interest, taxes & insurance plus utility allowance -10% down payment, 3.75% interest, 1.25% taxes & insurance, $300 HOA dues * Because of State adjustments in high housing cost areas, some of these income limits are higher than the percentages of median income
Source: Cal. HCD

Fair Housing Enforcement and Outreach Capacity

Fair housing complaints can be used as an indicator to identify characteristics of households that experience housing discrimination. The California Fair Employment and Housing Act Government Code Section 12921 (a), the opportunity to seek, obtain, and hold housing cannot be determined by an individual’s “race, color, religion, sex, gender, gender identity, gender expression, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, ancestry, familial status, source of income, disability, veteran or military status, genetic information, or any other basis prohibited by Section 51 of the Civil Code.” Fair housing issues that may arise in any jurisdiction include but are not limited to the following:
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• Housing design that makes a dwelling unit inaccessible to an individual with a disability; • Discrimination against an individual based on race, national origin, familial status, disability, religion, sex, or other characteristics when renting or selling a housing unit; and, • Disproportionate housing needs, including cost burden, overcrowding, substandard housing, and risk of displacement.

As demonstrated above, cost burden, overcrowding and potential substandard housing affect a substantial number of Lynwood’s residents, particularly those who may be considered to comprise Disadvantaged Communities.

Integration and Segregation

The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) defines Racially and Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (RECAP) as areas that have a non- White population of 50% or more with 40% or more of the population in poverty or a poverty rate greater than three times the average poverty rate in the area . Figure 8-3 and Figure 8-4 depict racial and ethnic compositions within Lynwood. According to the Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice and Fair Housing Action Plan (AI, July 1, 2020 – June 30, 2025), Lynwood was one of 10 California cities wi th the least diverse neighborhoods . The percentage of the Hispanic population grew significantly between 2000 and 2010, while White, Asian, and Black populations witnessed the greatest decline . The data consistently demonstrate Lynwood as racially segregat ed, with an overwhelming majority of residents (more than 80%) as Hispanic. 173
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Figure 8-3 – Racial Demographics (2018, Lynwood)

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Figure 8-4 – Predominant Population – Hispanic Majority City (Lynwood)

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Disability

Housing opportunities for disabled persons are impeded by practices in the private and public sectors. The AI identifies disability as the basis for approximately 67% of all housing discrimination complaints filed with the Fair Housing Foundation for Lynwood . Figure 8-5 depicts areas in Lynwood according to the population of disabled persons.

Figure 8-5 – Population with a Disability by Census Tract (2015-2019, Lynwood)

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Familial Status

Familial status refers to the presence of children younger than 18 years of age, whether the child is biologically related to the head of household, and the marital status of the head of household .

Families with children may face housing discrimination by landlords who fear children will cause property damage. Treatments such as limiting the number of children in a complex or confining children to a specific l ocation are fair housing concerns . There are concentrations in the northwest, southwest, and a small area to the south where 40% -60% of married couples have children. Other areas in Lynwood have a higher concentration of 60%-80% married couples with children.

Single-parent households also are protected by fair housing law. Female-headed households with children require special consideration and assistance due to a greater need for affordable housing and accessible daycare, health care, and other supp ortive services. Lynwood’s female-headed households are concentrated along its central and west to southwest tracts, which have from 20%- 40% of children living in female-headed households, compared with 0-20% in other tracts in the city. Figures 8-6 and 8-7 depict locations of children in married-couple households and female- headed households respectively.
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Figure 8-6 – Percent of Children in Married Couple Households (2015-2019, Lynwood)

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Figure 8-7 – Percent of Children in Female Householder, No Spouse/Partner Present (Lynwood)

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Income

The 2015-2019 American Community Survey (ACS) indicated that 30% of Lynwood’s population lives below the poverty line. Areas in the City with a higher concentration of poverty (2%-30%) are along the northeastern portion of the Long Beah Freeway (Intersta te-710) and the southwest corner and central area above the Century Freeway (Interstate -105). These areas are characterized primarily by multi-family housing. Areas with 10% or fewer residents who live below the poverty line are located north of Lynwood High School and south- central area below the Century Freeway. All other areas within Lynwood range between 1% and 20%. Figure 8-8 on the following page indicates Lynwood’s poverty status per census tract.

Figure 8-8 – Poverty by Census Tract (Lynwood)

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Racially and Ethnically Concentrated Areas

HUD has identified census tracts with a majority non-White population and has a poverty rate that exceeds 40% or is three times the average tract poverty rate for the metro/micro area, whichever threshold is lower. Figure 8-9 below depicts a small area in the north- central City as Racially/Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty . This area is bordered by Long Beach Boulevard to the west, East Imperial Highway to the south, Otis Street to the east, and up to City boundaries. Figure 8-10 shows that Areas of High Segregation and Poverty outline this same area together with the southwest area of Lynwood.

Figure 8-9 – Concentrated Areas of Poverty (2009-2013, Lynwood)

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Figure 8-10 – TCAC Areas of High Segregation and Poverty (2021, Lynwood)

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Racially/ethnically concentrated areas of a ffluence are neighborhoods in which there are high concentrations of non-Hispanic White households and high household income rates . Whites are the most racially segregated group in the United States. Similarly, neighborhood disadvantage is associated with concentrated poverty and high concentrations of people of color. Lynwood’s population is 2% White alone, Not Hispanic or Latino. Figure 8-11 below presents a small portion of the northeast portion of Lynwood , where households have a Median Income of $125,000 or more. Lower incomes ranging from $30,000 and less can be found in the southwest portion of the City. Approximately 45% of incomes meet HCD’s California Median Income of $87,100; 35% are $55,000 and less.

Figure 8-11 – Median Income (2015-2019, Lynwood)

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Access to Opportunity

HUD defines an area’s access to opportunity as its potential to support positive economic, educational, and health outcomes for low -income families, especially in terms of long-term outcomes for children. The California State Department of Housing and Community Development and the California tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC) conducted an analysis of poverty rates, school proficiency, unemployment rates, jobs proximity, transit metrics, and CalEnviroscreen 3.0 scores to assess access to opportunity throughout Lynwood . The following Figure 8-12 depicts the results of the analysis according to a composite score.

Figure 8-12 – TCAC Opportunity Areas Composite (2021 – Lynwood)

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The noted Figures indicate why most of Lynwood is categorized as a low resource. Pockets of moderate resource areas exist in the north and northeast areas of Lynwood. However, areas of high segregation and poverty exist in the north and southwest areas of the City. Further examination of the educational, economic, and economic Figures illustrates why access to opportunity is higher or lower in some parts of the City. Regions of Lynwood that were determined to be of moderate resources received mid -level educ ational scores and high to very high environmental scores. Economic scores were higher in the northwest than the north central region. Areas identified as high segregation or poverty areas received mid to low educational scores and low economic scores, although their environmental scores were mid-level or very high.

Regions of Lynwood with the lowest access to opportunity scores were generally zoned for multi- family residential use and typically experienced higher levels of poverty . Areas zoned for single- family residential use (particularly those areas in close proximity to commercial uses) typically experienced greater access to opportunity.

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Section 9: Physical Activity

INTRODUCTION

Increasing physical activity is an important contributor to improved health by controlling weight, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, reducing risk to some types of cancer, and improving mental health and well-being.

In 2015, the California Department of Public Health published an article titled “Economic Burden of Chronic Disease in California,” which indicated that physical inactivity was a key contributor to chronic disease in California. Physical inactivity and poor diet are related to obesity (defined as a Body Mass Index of 30 or higher) and other increased risk factors related to heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and other chronic health conditions. O besity increases the risk of contracting chronic diseases. According to a 2012 National Survey of Children’s Health, 30.4% of California children between the ages of 10 and 17 were overweight or obese. A California Department of Public Health and Nutrition Policy Institute study in 2016 found that in 2014, 27% of California adults were obese.

PUBLIC HEALTH

It is difficult for people to be physically active if their communities do not have available and safe places for recreation. Access to safe places for physical activity for all Lynwood residents, particularly residents in Disadvantaged Communities, can be a factor in improving health and in maintaining a healthy lifestyle for those residents. In addition, parks, recreation centers, and recreation programs are beneficial for community building and can contribute to the betterment of air and water quality. The Los Angeles County Geographic Information Systems Data Portal (2015) and Hedderson Demographic Services (2015) indicated that only 0.57 acres per 1,000 population were available recreational space in Lynwood (compared to 8.10 acres per 1,000 population in Los Angeles County). This demonstrates a severe deficiency in parks and related facilities available to Lynwood residents.

The National Household Travel Survey (2017) demonstrated that approximately 45% of vehicle trips people make are shorter than three miles, and over 20% are within one mile. Thereby, local jurisdictions can design transportation facilities and programs that increase options for walking and biking for persons of all ages. These active transportation methods, including transit-oriented development, can help to improve public health.

Many adverse public health outcomes related to obesity (the second leading cause of preventable death in the United States) and poor air quality may be preventable through the implementation of a more sustainable and integrated program of community and transportation planning, both at regional and local levels . Built environment factors play an important role in supporting healthy behavior and reducing chronic diseases and obesity rates. The Southern California Association of Governments improved active transportation infrastructure, better accessibility to recreational open space, and development of more walkable neighborhoods enhance d opportunities for 186
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physical exercise, thereby reducing obesity rates and chronic diseases associated with physical inactivity.

The following is a comparison of Lynwood’s chronic disease rate for residents 18 years of age and older to the corresponding rate for Los Angeles County, the year 2018 (SCAG Profile of the City of Lynwood, May 2019).

• Asthma – Lynwood’s share of the population diagnosed with asthma was 11.6% ; Los Angeles County’s share was 15.1%.

• Diabetes – Lynwood’s share of the population diagnosed with diabetes was 13.2% ; Los Angeles County’s share was 12.1%.

• Heart Disease – Lynwood’s share of the population diagnosed with heart disease was

3.7%; Los Angeles County’s share was 6.6%.

The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, in its “Los Angeles County Health Survey, 2015,” indicated that only 31% of Lynwood adults (ages 18 years and older) met recommended guidelines for physical activity . The Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report (2008) indicated guidelines were met by engaging in aerobic activities meant vigorous activity for at least 75 minutes a week, moderate activity for at least 150 minutes a week, or a combination of vigorous and moderate activity for at least 150 minutes a week AND muscle -strengthening activities on two or more days a week that work out all major muscle groups.

PARKS AND RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

The City of Lynwood has public and private recreational facilities (reference Figure 9-1, Table 9- 1 and Table 9-2 on the following pages). However, the City is severely under parked, and its park ratio is less than one acre per thousand residents. This situation is common in cities in south Los Angeles County.
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Figure 9-1 – Recreation and Community Centers

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TABLE 9-1— LYNWOOD PARKS

Facility Area (Acres) Amenities
Lynwood City Park
11301 Bullis Road
23 Concession stand; Lighted tennis courts (4);
baseball and softball fields; small ball fields; soccer fields; outdoor fitness zone; shuffleboard courts;
horseshoe pits; playground equipment; children’s
sand area; picnic shelters; wading pool; fire ring
area; restrooms; gazebo; basketball courts;
volleyball area; senior citizen center; skateboard
park; restrooms; one-mile walk path
Yvonne Burke-John D. Ham
Memorial Park
11832 Atlantic Park
9 Lighted softball field; picnic areas with tables and
barbecue braziers; basketball court; wall board;
tether ball poles; volleyball court; enclosed patio;
meeting rooms; playground equipment with
children’s sand area; exercise stations; one-quarter
mile walk path; restrooms
Senator Lara Linear Park
3850 Fernwood Avenue

5.25 Children’s playgrounds; community artwork along
walking trail; community garden (20 garden beds);
dog parks (2); exercise stations; pavilion with
benches; one-mile walking trail spanning 5 blocks
Veterans Memorial Garden
11331 Ernestine Avenue
.189 Benches; shade trees; short walk path
Camphor Tree Park
4015 Louise Street
.50 Benches; bike rack; short walk path
Little Pillar Park
Santa Fe Avenue/108th
Street
.10 Shade trees; short walk path
Los Amigos East Park
El Segundo Boulevard
.8 Mini playground; mini picnic areas; ½ outdoor
basketball court
Los Amigos West Park
El Segundo Boulevard

1.4 Mini picnic area; playground
Mark Twain School Park
4142 Carlin Avenue
.19 Bike rack; picnic table and benches; short walk path Rose Park 1.5 Large open lawn space with palm trees; picnic tables and benches; walkway around park
Adolf Medina Park
11915 State Street

2.2 Basketball court; picnic shelters; playground;
restrooms
Lindbergh Park
El Segundo Boulevard
.5 Playground equipment with children’s sand area;
picnic area with tables and barbecue braziers
Bateman Hall
Civic Center
Auditorium (600 seats); two meeting rooms (each
150 capacity); dining and kitchen facilities
Carnation Park
Los Flores Boulevard/
State Street

1.5 Large open lawn space lined with palm trees;
walkaround the Park
TOTAL 46.1

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Table 9-2 – Recreational Facilities

Facility Amenities
Bateman Hall
11321 Ernestine Avenue
Auditorium (400 guests maximum for banquet -style seating and 450 guests maximum for theatre- style seating; 2 banquet rooms (120 guests maximum for banquet -style seating; 140 guests maximum for theatre-style seating); courtyard patio with small state
Henning Youth Center
11409 Birch Street
Computer lab; small kitchen; multi -purpose room (75 guests maximum for banquet-style seating; 100 guests maximum for theatre-style seating
Lynwood Community
Center
11301 Bullis road
Indoor basketball gymnasium; 2 meeting rooms (50 guests maximum for banquet -style seating; 75 guests maximum for theatre-style seating; indoor racquetball facility)
Lynwood Senior Citizens
Center
11329 Ernestine Avenue
Crafts room; small conference room; fitness room; small kitchen; small library; 2 multi -purpose rooms (150 guests maximum for banquet-style seating; 175 guests maximum for theatre-style seating)
Natatorium
3770 Martin Luther King Jr.

Boulevard
Olympic-size heated swimming pool; large, enclosed sun deck patio (150 guests maximum for banquet -style seating; 175 guests maximum for theatre-style seating)
Lucy Avalos Community
Center
11832 Atlantic Avenue
Computer lab; concession stand; game room; enclosed patio with state; 3 multi-purpose rooms (60-90 guests maximum for banquet-style seating)

COMMUNITY SAFETY

Neighborhood violence and crime can harmfully impact all members of a community. Residing in communities with high rates of violence and crime exposes residents to a greater personal risk of injury or death and can render individuals more susceptible to many adverse health outcomes.

People regularly exposed to violence and crime are more likely to suffer from chronic stress, depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions. In addition, they are less likely to be able to use their parks and neighborhoods for recreation and physical activity. Communities of color and low -income neighborhoods in Los Angeles County are disproportionately affected by neighborhood violence and crime. The California Attorney General “Crimes and Clearances, 2016,” Los Angeles Police Department “Crime Data from 2010 to Present, 2016,” Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department “Historical Crime Data, 2016,” and Hedderson Demographic Services “Population Estimates, 2016” indicated that there were 649.7 serious crimes per 100,000 population committed in Lynwood (compared to a corresponding rate of 551.0 per 100,000 in Los Angeles County). Serious crimes consist of Part 1 offenses as defined by the United States Department of Justice’s Uniform Reporting Statistics as the following: murders, non- negligent homicides, rapes (legacy and revised), robberies, aggravated assaults, burglaries, motor vehicle thefts, larceny-thefts, and arsons.
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Section 10: Civic Engagement

INTRODUCTION

Meaningful and continuing community engagement is imperative to generate support for programs, plans, and projects associated with Environmental Justice issues in Lynwood .

Community engagement can result in greater public acceptance of planning decisions that affect Disadvantaged Communities in the City.

BARRIERS TO CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Unfortunately, there are barriers that influence why people in Lynwood may not participate in planning processes, including, but not limited to, the following.

• Language Barriers – Eighteen (18%) of Lynwood’s households experience limited English proficiency.
• Not Seeing One’s Own Culture or Identity Reflected in Meeting Format or Content – Approximately 88% of Lynwood’s residents are Hispanic/Latino, and 8% of Lynwood’s residents are Non- Hispanic Black . People of color historically are underrepresented populations. In addition, 39% of Lynwood’s residents are foreign-born. • Fear of Being Judged, Unsafe, or Unwelcome – Approximately 39% of Lynwood’s population is 20 years of age or younger. Youth historically are underrepresented populations.
• Childcare Needs – A significant percentage of Lynwood’s households are married-couple households or single female -headed households with minor children at home . Single parents or working parents historically are underrepresented populations. • Inaccessible Meeting Locations and Venues – Approximately 10% of Lynwood’s overall population are disabled, and 10%-20% of Lynwood’s residents in the northwest area of the City are disabled . Seniors and people with disabilities historically are underrepresented populations.
• Scheduling an d T iming of Meetings/ Events that Do Not Consider Work Schedules, Religious Holidays, Mealtimes, or O ther Family Needs – Planning Commission and City Council Meetings are conducted in the early evenings.
• Limited Knowledge of City Operations and the Political System – In 2018, approximately

54.2% of Lynwood’s population were 25 years of age or older and ha d completed high school or some college. Approximately 6.8% of Lynwood’s population, 25 years of age or older, had completed a Bachelor’s Degree or higher level of education. P eople with low levels of literacy historically are underrepresented populations. • A Sense of Distrust in Government and Institutions
• Economic Barriers such as Needing to Focus on Work and Providing Basic Needs for One’s Self and Family

A variety of engagement methods can enhance equitable community involvement. Equitable community engagement is the “practice of using multiple strategies to provide opportunities for all residents – particularly those historically excluded, under- represented, or under- 191
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resources to be informed and to participate in public planning and decision-making to achieve an equitable outcome” (Boston Public Health Commission – Community Engagement Plan 2016-2019). A range of strategies that can be used to increase community engagement includes, but is not limited to, the following.

• Strengthen Partnerships – An effective method to engage community members from under-represented groups is to partner with community organizations, non- profit organizations, and service providers . These partner organizations often have established relationships with under-represented groups, comprehensive knowledge of their particular interests and needs, and ideas on the most effective way to engage Disadvantaged Communities.
• Meet People Where They Live or Work – Many individuals respond well to face-to-face communication and pop-up events, public workshops, and focus groups that can go into the community and speak with people in settings that are comfortable for the audience. Such settings might be coffee shops, parks, farmer’s markets, the green line transit stop, libraries, schools, or community celebrations . In addition, it is necessary to implement social media methods to attract and obtain public input. • Language – It is imperative all individua ls who desire to participate in the decision - making process understand the information provided to them and the City staff and project team can interpret and act upon community input . Providing translation and interpretation services will be an important component of meaningful community engagement. Using easily understood language and messaging supports a welcoming atmosphere for the community to participate.
• Provide Childcare – Provision of childcare at community meetings or events will allow parents to participate in outreach more comfortably.
• Provide Incentives – Some of the incentives the City can offer to solicit community participation may be providing food and refreshments, offering raffle prizes, transportation subsidies/vouchers, local retailer gift certificates, and featuring elected officials as speakers.
• Follow Through – It is important to share the results of the engagement process and events with the community . This should include an assessment of how community input directly influenced the decision- making process . It should be communicated clearly if and why public input was, or was not, acted upon.

The City of Lynwood will continue to post Environmental Justice Element information on the City website. In addition, the City should develop a Toolbox for Community Outreach. This is described in a Policy/Implementing Action in this Environmental Justice Element. 192
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Section 11: Policies and Implementing
Actions

INTRODUCTION

The following Goals have been identified as the context for Environmental Justice Element Policies and Actions. Completion of the identified Actions provides verification as to meeting the corresponding Goals and Policies.

GOAL 1 Promote safe and sanitary housing opportunities for all Lynwood residents (Section 8).

A “housing unit” is defined as a house, apartment, mobile home, or group of rooms occupied as separate living quarters, or if vacant, intended for occupancy as separate living quarters. Access to safe and sanitary housing is imperative for all. A home not only provides shelter, but also provides families a sense of security, health, peace of mind, and focal point for life. Factors that profoundly influence a person’s and family’s health and well-being include whether or not housing is located in a resource -rich complete neighborhood; is of high quality and free from health hazards; is affordable and not a financial burden; and is a place where people can remain if they so choose.

Housing affordability is a major concern for ma ny residents in California, especially residents in Los Angeles County. Housing constitutes the single most considerable monthly expense for most households. Among homeowners, their homes often are their prime financial assets . Many Lynwood residents are cost “overburdened” as explained in this Element and remit more than 30% of their monthly income on housing; the term “severe housing burden” is defined as housing expenses that total 50% or more of their monthly income. Housing burden disprop ortionately affects low-income individuals, renters, and Disadvantaged Communities . Housing burden can negatively impact health by causing significant stress and by limiting the amount of money households have available to spend on other necessities such as food, health care, or transportation.

The high cost of housing can affect health by limiting lower-income residents’ housing choices to less healthy units. Living in poor-quality housing or housing near industrial facilities, freeways, or heavily traveled roadways can increase exposure to environmental hazards such as air pollutants, lead, mold, and vermin. Lead exposure during childhood is a particular concern because such exposure can adversely impact brain development . Exposure to molds and cockroaches can worsen underlying respiratory conditions (such as asthma) in the community.

Goal 1 expresses the overall desire of the City to provide safe and sanitary housing, as provided for in this Element as well as the Housing Element Update. The following Policy and Actions are focused to that Goal.

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POLICY 1.1 Promote improvements and rehabilitation of unsafe housing in Disadvantaged Communities while actively preventing displacement of residents

ACTIONS

Action 1.1-1 The City of Lynwood (the City) should coordinate with owners of multi - family properties to rehabilitate their properties as necessary , especially those with affordable units in Lynwood’s Disadvantaged Communities, to meet current building standards in tandem with Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing policies.

Action 1.1-2 The City should continue to provide programs, such as Community Development Block Grant funding, Housing Rehabilitation Program funding, and funding for First Time Home Owner Program, which are designed to rehabilitate deteriorated units and encourage maintenance and minor repair of structurally sound housing units to prevent their deterioration.

Action 1.1-3 The City should investigate additional Federal and State grant programs that would supplement the Community Development Block Grant, Housing Rehabilitation Program, and First Time Home Owner Programs that the City can administer to provide the lowest loans for critical repairs to single-family residences in Disadvantaged Communities.

Action 1.1-4 The City Department of Public Works activities must address the following:
unsafe and unsanitary conditions , trash and dumping , overcrowding, illegal home businesses, illegal garage conversions , graffiti, unpermitted plumbing , unpermitted electrical, and lack of building and yard maintenance.

Action 1.1-5 The City should partner with fair housing organizations to distribute tenant rights information and ensure renters are not penalized for reporting dwelling units that do not meet health and safety standards. This action should include an information campaign to inform Lynwood residents about safe and sanitary conditions and how they can protect themselves from landlord retaliation. The information should be translated into the dominant language(s) of Disadvantaged Communities.

Action 1.1-6 The City should include mandatory lead-based paint testing as part of any City-funded housing rehabilitation and other housing assistance programs the City may offer.

Action 1.1-7 In addition to Lynwood Building Code requirements, the City should encourage the use of green, healthy building materials that are toxin -free in new and rehabilitated residential construction. These materials should include weatherization measures to improve housing conditions and reduce mold . In addition, the City should promote this rehabilitation through outreach programs on the City website.

Action 1.1-8 The City should study, assess, and implement the efficacy of a variety of anti-displacement strategies to maintain and increase the availability of affordable housing.

Action 1.1-9 The City should promote repair, improvement, and rehabilitation of substandard housing. This should include support for efforts of responsible public agencies 194
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to develop and implement programs to remediate lead-based paint and other contaminants in residential structures. Also, the City should require applicants for residential remodel and rehabilitation projects to remediate mold, mildew, and all other structural hazards.

Action 1.1-10 The City should prioritize Public Safety Division activities pertaining to residential structures with known health hazards.

Action 1.1-11 The City should provide public education and/or materials to educate and encourage residents and business owners to purchase/use low toxicity household cleaning products and disseminate information to tenants and property owners about indoor mold growth hazards, reduction, and prevention methods.

Action 1.1-12 The C ity should support lifecycle housing to provide housing accommodations or living arrangements for persons of all ages and abilities, including young, single professionals, small and large families, and retirees, so people of all ages can always have a place in the Lynwood community.

Action 1.1-13 The City should ensure that housing constructed expressly for low-income and moderate-income households not be concentrated in any single area of Lynwood.

Action 1.1-14 The City should continue to allow for and encourage the provision of emergency shelters and temporary housing in multi-family residential and manufacturing Zoning Districts by right or by conditional use permit.

Action 1.1-15 The City should maintain zoning regulations that permit by-right housing, in designated zones that meet temporary and short -term housing needs for individuals and families.

Action 1.1-16 The City should continue to work collaboratively with non- profit and for- profit developers to continuing obtaining State and Federal grants to support affordable housing production.

Action 1.1-17 The City should continue to recognize that poverty, affordable housing, and access to economic opportunity for all residents are critical public health issues and should take actions to address these issues through ongoing City plans, programs, and funding.

Action 1.1-18 The City should provide programs and services that allow seniors to “age in place” in their homes and encourage the development of senior housing and assisted living services throughout Lynwood, especially in walkable areas well-served by transit and near commercial goods and services.

Action 1.1-19 The City should require a Health Impact Assessment for any development that results in residential displacement for established and informal housing within Lynwood.

Action 1.1-20 The City should enlist non- profit and other community partners to re duce foreclosures’ detrimental social and health effects on Lynwood residents.

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Action 1.1-21 The City should partner with Los Angeles County and other community groups to support social service programs to prevent and eliminate chronic homelessness in Lynwood.

GOAL 2 Reduce City residents’ exposure to air, water , and soil pollution (Section 3 & Section 5).

Exposure to pollution occurs when people are exposed to air, food, water, and soil pollutants in daily life. Pollution can originate from several sources in an urban environment, including storage tanks that leak hazardous chemicals into the groundwater and soil, solid waste facilities that emit toxic gases, automobiles and trucks emitting exhaust, or stationary sources such as diesel generators emitting exhaust. Lynwood’s Disadvantaged Communities experience high levels of air pollution from Interstate-105, Interstate-710, the Alameda Corridor which has vehicular and rail transport), Atlantic Avenue, Imperial Highway, and Long Beach Boulevard. Pollution scores are presented in the CalEnviroScreen tables in Section 2 of this Environmental Justice Element. The California Healthy Places Index (HPI) Clean Environment Score is a composite measure of pollution. Lynwood’s HPI Clean Environment Score is in the 71 st percentile.

The City of Lynwood participates in the California Department of Toxic Substances Control in conducting the Protocol for Assessing Community Excellence in Environmental Health (PACE EH) Program. The PACE EH Programs is a protocol that focuses on engaging all sectors of the Lynwood community (residents, businesses, leaders and all sectors of the community members, businesses, leaders and others) to build their capacity to assist them in developing an Environmental Action Plan. The PACE EH Program protocol creates a Community Environmental Health Assessment Team (CEHAT) where residents and stakeholders commit to a one -year process that solicits input from the community-at-large to identify environmental health priorities of the Lynwood community. Information collected informs Environmental Action Plan development. The City of Lynwood is working with the CEHAT to solicit feedback from the community about key environmental health issues and will use this information to guide recommendations in the Environmental Justice Element about how this information will be used

POLICY 2.1 Ensure low-income and minority populations understand the effect of projects with toxic materials or emissions.

ACTIONS

Action 2.1-1 Consider the health needs of projects with nearby sensitive receptors through a Healthy Needs Assessment, the Healthy Development Measurement Tool, or other methodology.

Action 2.1-2 The City should promote remediation and reuse of contaminated sites within Lynwood, with priority given to those near Environmental Justice/Disadvantaged Communities populations. Contaminated properties in Lynwood should be identified as soon as possible.

Action 2.1-3 The City should require public and private development projects to incorporate Green Building techniques such as construction waste management 196
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practices, optimization of energy -efficient measures, and avoidance of the use of toxic materials wherever feasible.

Action 2.1-4 The City Department of Public Works should prioritize the prevention of illegal dumping and hazardous waste dumping and removal of dumping to protect the health, safety, environmental quality, and community aesthetics.

Action 2.1-5 The City should ensure contaminated sites in Lynwood are remediated adequately prior to allowing new development on those sites.

Action 2.1-6 City-required remediation should include developing a Response Plan to address existing contaminated sites in Lynwood.

Action 2.1-7 The City should coordinate with regional, State, and Federal agencies to develop guidelines for convening an oversight committee with community representation to advise and oversee toxic site cleanup and remediation on specific sites in Lynwood.

Action 2.1-8 The City should implement standards pertaining to the safe management of hazardous substances in close coordination with the Los Angeles County Fire Department and the California Department of Toxic Substances Control. Standards should require soil testing at development sites where contamination is suspected, address safe household hazardous and universal waste disposal, and ensure compliance with hazardous substance regulations and safe transport of hazardous materials.

Action 2.1-9 The City should explore the feasibility of new o rdinances designed to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke through means such as smoke -free workplaces and smoke-free areas in multi-family housing.

GOAL 3 Ensure resident access to healthy food (Section 6).

To ensure a community’s health and well -being, it is essential all community members have access to healthy food. This entails residents having proximity and ability to travel to a source that offers affordable, nutritionally adequate, and culturally appropriate food. Low-income areas often lack supermarkets with a large selection of healthy foods and lack specialty food stores with healthy options. This lack of options offering nutritional foods, in turn, exacerbates public health challenges.

Local farmer’s markets provide fresh produce to community residents, support small local farmers, serve as community gathering places, and revitalize focal areas of communit ies. Local governments can promote healthy eating in their communities by supporting local farmer’s markets. Land use policies and supportive regulations can help create opportunities for farmer’s markets to return to Lynwood and ensure their long-term viability.

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POLICY 3.1 Promote growing fruits and vegetables by local residents.

ACTIONS

Action 3.1-1 The City should work with the Lynwood Unified School District to facilitate development of “edible school yards” that are characterized by gardening programs at schools and food gardens on school properties.

Action 3.1-2 The City should amend its zoning regulations to promote establishment of community gardens, including supporting use of public and private vacant lots for community gardens . This can include identifying properties (vacant and developed) suitable for community gardens and working with property owners to determine interest and availability.

Action 3.1-3 The City should sponsor a qualified individual or organization to educate its residents about how to grow and maintain a private or edible community garden.

Action 3.1-4 The City can facilitate the installation of community gardens at sen ior centers in the City, particularly those that provide meals to seniors.

POLICY 3.2
Support promotion of healthy food and assistance programs and actions.

ACTIONS

Action 3.2-1 The City should promote siting new grocery store s, convenience stores, and markets in Lynwood to improve Disadvantaged Communities’ access to fresh foods.

This can be accomplished by advertising new small businesses or restaurants in Lynwood that offer healthy food options on the City website.

Action 3.2-2 The City should coordinate with local non -profit organizations that serve Lynwood residents to publicize healthy food and food assistance programs using the City newsletter and online communication methods . The City can assist the local non- profits by funding programs that provide nutrition to low-income homebound senior residents of Lynwood and can advertise this assistance at farmer’s markets.

Action 3.2-3 The City can explore options for pop -up fresh food events at City - sponsored events and City facilities.

Action 3.2-4 The City should encourage existing liquor stores, convenience stores and ethnic markets in Lynwood to stock fresh produce and other healthy foods.

Action 3.2-5 The City should support public and/or private shuttle systems to transport residents of Disadvantaged Communities to grocery stores and other sources of healthy food. The City now has a trolley system with four routes that provi de access to main shopping centers in Lynwood.

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Action 3.2-6 The City should develop and adopt a food policy and procurement program that incorporates organic and locally grown foods into City-sponsored events.

Action 3.2-7 The City should create zoning that explicitly allows and encourages small- scale community gardens near or within existing neighborhoods. Fernwood Park will contain a community garden.

Action 3.2-8 The City should identify appropriate sites for farmers’ markets and community gardens. The City Hall parking lot is the location of a regularly scheduled farmers market.

Action 3.2-9 The City should work with vendors at future farmers’ markets in Lynwood to develop programs under which vendors can accept CalFresh benefits.

Action 3.2-10 The City should support the development of new retail venues that sell local, fresh produce.

Action 3.2-11 The City should promot e public awareness and education about the importance of locally produced food and food security.

Action 3.2-12 The City should limit the number of fast-food restaurants and liquor stores in existing areas with high concentrations of these uses.

Action 3.2-13 The City should develo p a program to disseminate information about healthful eating habits.

Action 3.2-14 The City should model Best Practices related to promoting healthy eating habits at government offices and governmental organiz ations by serving only healthy snacks and refreshments.

Action 3.2-15 The City should identify and prioritize Lynwood neighborhoods underserved by healthy food sources for development of healthy food sources.

Action 3.2-16 The City should develop a program to provide fast -track permitting for grocery stores in underserved areas.

Action 3.2-17 The City should support education campaigns about nutrition and physical activity.

Action 3.2-18 The City should encourage Lynwood restaurants to eliminate trans fats from their menus voluntarily.

Action 3.2-19 The City should ensure all Lynwood residents have access to affordable and nutritious food to support improved nutrition, reduced incidence of hunger, and healthy eating choices.

Action 3.2-20 The City should use General Plan Programs and zoning regulations to establish incent ives for locating healthy food grocery stores so that the Lynwood 199
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community’s access to healthy food is increased. This effort can include expedited permit processing for healthy food grocery store development, large healthy food grocers offering shuttle service and home delivery , and developing standards and incentives flexible enough to accommodate “alternative” grocery stores that require less parking and focus on the daily needs of nearby residents.

Action 3.2-21 The City should develop and implement a healthy food purchasing and vending policy for City facilities and operations that commits to selecting healthy, well - balanced meals and snacks for City-sponsored activities, meetings, and facilities.

Action 3.2-22 The City should develop a business attraction strategy to bring more healthy food choices to Lynwood.

POLICY 3.3 The City should limit the number of new fast -food establishments, convenience stores, and liquor stores.

ACTIONS

Action 3.3-1 The City should encourage the development of healthy food providers in areas of the City with high concentrations of fast-food establishments, convenience stores, and liquor stores. This would occur after further study of the locations and numbers of fast- food establishments, convenience stores, and liquor stores and the development of land use regulations that limit such facilities where there currently is an overabundance.

Action 3.3-2 The City should address the overconcentration of liquor stores, drive - through restaurants, and tobacco retailers in Lynwood and consider limiting or prohibiting establishment of new liquor stores and tobacco retailers.

GOAL 4 Encourage active engagement of all Lynwood residents, particularly residents of Disadvantaged Communities, in civic life and decision-making related to public health and environmental issues or any plans or programs that affect Disadvantaged Communities (Section 10).

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies community capacity building as efforts to engage disadvantaged populations to better identify and meet the needs of their neighborhoods. This includes building on existing skills, providing education about issues and processes, and assisting the residents to communicate effectively in the public realm . At th e individual level, capacity building focuses on the development of conditions that allow individual participants to build and enhance existing knowledge and skills and engage in public processes.

At the municipal level, capacity building refers to ensuring the City is responsive and accountable to all stakeholders and that City officials are informed about issues of concern to Disadvantaged Communities.

Public involvement in decisions that affect their environment, communities , and quality of life is imperative to any discussion of Environmental Justice. Disadvantaged members of the Lynwood community often may not have a meaningful voice in decisions that affect the Disadvantaged Communities in the City. Causes for this non-involvement may include the following: cultural and 200
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language barriers; lack of relevant information; lack of exposure to the decision-making process; and reluctance to approach City personnel with concerns about their neighborhoods. Residents and other sta keholders in Lynwood need to be aware of actions undertaken that may have a lasting effect on them. In many cities, a small number of people are engaged in the City decision- making process, with a large number not participating. Environmental Justice intends to promote fairness in the public decision-making process by ensuring all people, regardless of race, ethnicity, income, national origin, or educational level , are informed and have an opportunity to express their viewpoints and influence environmental decisions.

The City is committed to ensuring all persons have an opportunity to participate in decisions that affect their environment, have their concerns considered in the decision -making process, and have the ability to influence decision- making. The City also is committed to taking appropriate actions to involve those affected by decisions.

POLICY 4.1 Increase opportunities for Community Outreach and actively solicit participation of Lynwood residents in deliberating Environmental Justice issues.

ACTIONS

Action 4.1-1 The City should develop a toolbox for Community Outreach. A toolbox may include, but not necessarily include all or be limited to, the following:
• Distribution of City information about all programs and City events, including contact information for housing needs and Public Safety Division. The information should be provided in English and Spanish;
• Conduct broad outreach on public hearings that affect Disadvantaged Communities in languages used by those Communities and offer interpretation services at key meetings and workshops about issues that may affect the residents’ environment; • Promotion of a partnership with appropriate organizations (e.g., com munity-based, faith-based, advocacy, service) that have built relationships and trust with residents of Lynwood’s Disadvantaged Communities;
• Assurance that all City activities are conducted in a fair and transparent manner; • Conduct open meetings about issues that affect land use and the environment in Disadvantaged Communities;
• Promotion of capacity -building activities to educate and involve traditionally underrepresented populations in Lynwood’s public decision-making process; • Inform the public, especially residents of Disadvantaged Communities, about decisions that may affect their environment using multiple communication methods, including traditional and online forms of communication;
• Consideration of offering childcare at key meetings and workshops abou t issues that may affect Disadvantaged Communities;
• Vary time and date of key meetings and workshops, or conduct multiple meetings and workshops to ensure broad resident and business owner participation; • Seek feedback about public decisions through traditi onal and online forms of communication, such as the City website, email, mobile phone apps, online forums, podcasts, and other methods;
• Host events focused on issues that face Disadvantaged Communities in Lynwood and encourage additional community involvement;
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• The City should invite residents of Lynwood’s Disadvantaged Communities to a City Hall Open House and Tour;
• Conduct visits by City staff to Lynwood’s Disadvantaged Communities to encourage discussion about issues that affect residents and businesses; and, • Consider hosting an annual event or community walk through Lynwood’s Disadvantaged Communities.

Action 4.1-2 The City should promote and encourage the development of childcare facilities and programs at private and non- profit locations, including major employers, commercial centers, churches, and private schools.

GOAL 5 Promote public recreational facilities and physical activity (Section 9).

Opportunities for physical activity are imperative for bringing equity to Disadvantaged Communities. The built environment plays a prominent role in determining whether communities have opportunities for physical activity, which in turn result in a meaningful positive impact on health. People can develop a range of health issues without places to walk, play and exercise . A high level of physical activity in a community is directly related to the built environment through having places that encourage walking, bicycling, and other forms and places to exercise, such as parks, trails, open space s, urban green spaces, and active transportation networks .

Disadvantaged Communities can be impacted by fewer public investments in recreational facilities and infrastructure.

In addition, urban greening can significantly contribute to the promotion of phys ical activity through the beautification of existing streets, trails, and walkways and new infrastructure such as community gardens. Urban green spaces allow areas for informal and formal recreation. Urban greening also has environmental benefits such as reducing heat absorption, stormwater management, and improving air quality.

Policy 5.1
Improve existing park quality in Lynwood by providing amenities and programs for play, exercise, and enhanced safety . Prioritize efforts to be deployed in Disadvantaged Communities.

ACTIONS

Action 5.1-1 The City should evaluate park acreage and strive to increase park facilities, particularly in Disadvantaged Communities . This also will entail the City evaluating recreational and park programs, facilities, and services to ensure they meet evolving needs of the community at large, particularly Disadvantaged Communities . Programs and services should remain accessible and relevant to current residents and should respond to unique cultural, historical, and social needs as wells as to changing demographics and income levels.

Action 5.1-2 The City shall facilitate pedestrian and bicycle access to parks and open spaces throughout the City, particularly in Disadvantaged Com munities. This may be accomplished through infrastructure investments and improvements made by the City 202
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alone or in partnership with the Lynwood Unified School District. In addition, the City may partner with transit agencies to ensure parks and recreati onal facilities are accessible to low-income and minority people.

Action 5.1-3 The City should require the provisions of on-site bicycle facilities in new development projects, including affordable projects. Required bicycle parking in residential developments is stipulated in Lynwood Municipal Code Table 65-2.

Action 5.1-4 The City should increase access to urban parks and green space s for residents of Environmental Justice/Disadvantaged Communities . The City of Lynwood should coordinate with the Lynwood Unified School District to provide joint use of school properties such as neighborhood parks and recreation centers. In addition, the City should encourage transit providers to establish and maintain routes to these recreation opportunities.

Action 5.1-5 The City should initiate the development of new parks and expansion of facilities and amenities in existing parks in Lynwood.

Action 5.1-6 The City should address actual and perceived safety concerns that create barriers to physical activity by requiring adequate lighting, street visibility, and defensible space.

Action 5.1-7 New and rehabilitated parks in Lynwood should incorporate methods and materials that discourage vandalism, deter crime, provide natural surveillance, and create a safe and comfortable passive and active recreational environment.

Action 5.1-8 The City should work toward providing parks that enable all Lynwood residents to access a park within one-quarter mile of their home.

Action 5.1-9 The City should create incentives to convert vacant lots into small parks or open spaces throughout Lynwood.

Action 5.1-10 The City should ensure recreation facilities provide access and accommodations for users with a range of physical abilities.

Action 5.1-11 The City should seek resident involvement and feedback to create recreation programming relevant to a broad spectrum of community residents.

Action 5.1-12 The City should offer and encourage cultural arts programs and events that provide entertainment, such as conce rts, and events or classes that develop skills in dancing, drama, music, and the arts.

Action 5.1-13 The City should collaborate with other providers to expand therapeutic recreation programs for residents with special needs.

Action 5.1-14 The City should provide safe places for teens to socialize and participate in recreational activities.
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Action 5.1-15 The City should expand opportunities for youth to be involved in planning recreation programs, services, and events for youth.

Action 5.1-16 The City should develop and expand recreational services and enrichment opportunities to best serve people of all incomes, cultural backgrounds, ages, and levels of physical capability and should provide a range of conveniently accessible, stimulating programs and services that meet the diverse needs of the community and improve the quality of life for all Lynwood residents.

Action 5.1-17 The City should encourage businesses or non-profit organizations to offer indoor recreational facilities and programs (e.g., batting cages, rock climbing walls, basketball, indoor soccer courts, and studios offering martial arts, aerobics, and yoga classes compatible with existing commercial structures and zones).

GOAL 6 Prioritize programs and improvements that address the needs of Disadvantaged Communities (Section 10 & Section 11).

California State law defines “public facilities” as public improvements, services , and community amenities that benefit the community, such as streets and roadways, government buildings, schools, and open space. Public improvements and programs benefit the community and include new development projects, recreation programs, and streetscape improvements. Public facilities often are directed to more affluent areas of a jurisdiction where residents typically have an effective voice in decisions that affect their environment. Disadvantaged Communities traditionally had fewer public investments in their neighborhoods and access to public decision -makers who approve where new facilities and improvements are located.

California Senate Bill 1000 mandates that cities and counties develop policies and programs that prioritize facilities that benefit Disadvantaged Communities. In evaluating a new public facility, the jurisdiction should ensure it has a measurable benefit to the community and address whether it is particularly advantageous to Disadvantaged Communities.

Policy 6.1
Support equitable and inclusive opportunities to build capacity and leadership skills for residents and organizations in Disadvantaged Communities through continued civic engagement.

The City of Lynwood should support and expand opportunities to build and sustain its residents, particularly its residents of Disadvantaged Communities, to build and sustain their capacity to advocate and engage for community and systems improvements to develop skill sets as leaders and advance their roles within the Lynwood community.

ACTIONS

Action 6.1-1 The City should partner with the Lynwood Unified School District to promote civic engagement opportunities for Lynwood residents

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Action 6.1-2 The City should support community -driven initiatives in the City’s Disadvantaged Communities to become commission, committee, and task force members as such openings occur. City support should address the priorities and needs of its residents of Disadvantaged Communities through the provision of technical assistance, data sources, meeting spaces, and technical support services.

Action 6.1-3 The Cit y should utilize culturally appropriate approaches to public participation and involvement of residents of the City’s Disadvantaged Communities. This may include the provision of translation and interpretation services at public meetings about issues that affect populations whose primary language is not English; these services should not be taken from the person’s time limit for comments . Also, the City should consult with Native American Tribes early in the development process about issues that could affect culturally significant areas in Lynwood.

GOAL 7 Reduce unique or compounded health risks in Disadvantaged Communities (Section 7).

As indicated in the Public Health Alliance of Southern California’s “City and Community Health Profile” for Lynwood, a community’s health is shaped by many factors, the most important of which are the social, economic, and environmental conditions in the community and the policies that impact these conditions. A generated calculation of the Health Index results from combining 25 community characteristics into a single composite score. Furthermore, as demonstrated by the following data, many Lynwood residents live in Disadvantaged Communities within the City and thereby experience negative factors related to public health, residential conditions, and pollution.

HUD defines an area’s access to opportunity as its potential to support positive economic, educational, and health outcomes for low -income families, especially in terms of long -term outcomes for children. The California State Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) and the California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC) analyzed poverty rates, school proficiency, unemployment rates, jobs proximity, transit metrics, and CalEnviroScreen 3.0 Scores to assess access to opportunity throughout Lynwood. Most of Lynwood is categorized as a low resource. Pockets of moderate resource areas exist in the north and northeast areas of Lynwood.

Regions of Lynwood determined to be of moderate resources re ceived mid -level educational scores and high to very high environmental scores. However, economic scores were higher in the northwest area of Lynwood that in the central -north area. The areas identified as high segregation or poverty areas received mid - to low-level educational scores and low economic scores, although their environmental scores were mid-level or very high. Regions of Lynwood with the lowest access to opportunity scores were largely zoned multi -family residential and typically faced higher levels of poverty.

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POLICY 7.1 Identify and require mitigation of properties with health hazards in Lynwood.

ACTIONS

Action 7.1-1 The City should identify those areas in Lynwood that are most vulnerable to environmental hazards through CalEnviroScreen, the Environmental Justice Screening Model, or another model.

Action 7.1-2 Require proposals for new land uses to be located at adequate distances from Interstate-105, Interstate-710, the Alameda Corridor, and major roadways such as Imperial Highway, Long Beach Boulevard, and Atlantic Avenue based on analyses of physical and environmental conditions at the project sites.

Action 7.1-3 Require p roposals for new land uses incorporate adequate setback, barriers, landscaping , air ventilation systems, air filters/cleaners or other measures to minimize air quality impacts to the project site and nearby residents.

Action 7.1-4 The City should ensure its Zoning regulations require adequate separation and buffering of residential and industrial uses . In addition, the City should require new housing proposals in areas subject to unhealthful air quality to incorporate setbacks, barriers, landscaping, ventilation systems, or other measures to ensure residents are not impacted by air pollution.

Action 7.1-5 The City should give preference in approving commercial and industr ial development to those projects that incorporate the latest technologies to reduce diesel emissions. In addition, the new commercial and industrial facilities should be built with sufficient buffering from industrial uses that pose a significant hazard to human health and safety. The California Air Resources Board recommends that sensitive land uses be located at least 1,000 feet from hazardous industrial facilities.

Action 7.1-6 The City should strive to reduce conditions of overcrowding in Lynwood that can have negative impacts on sleep, stress, children’s school performance, fire risk , and sanitation.

Action 7.1-7 The City should reduce the harmful health impacts of displacement on individuals, families, and communities by pursuing strategies to create opportunities for existing residents. The City should encourage local revitalization efforts by creating local employment and economic opportunities for low -income residents and local small businesses; expanding and preserving existing housing opportunities available to low - income residents; preserving cultural and social resources; and creating and implementing tools to evaluate and mitigate potential displacement.

Action 7.1-8 The City should promote awareness and recognition of the role social determinants play in persistent health inequities and overall health and should assess and ensure City policies, programs, and services affecting community health promote fairness, equity, and justice.

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Action 7.1-9 The City should ensure new policies, services and programs improve the lives of those more vulnerable to poor health outcomes, including persons living in poverty, older adults, children, persons with disabilities, people of color, and immigrants.

Action 7.1-10 The City should promote healthy communities by focusing on prevention and interventions, and by addressing the root causes of health disparities and inequities.

Action 7.1-11 The City should work with public, private, and non- profit partners to educate the public about health and wellness by supporting information and interventions that are readily available, culturally relevant, and linguistically accessible.

POLICY 7.2 Ensure health and social services are located throughout Lynwood and accessible to those who need them most to improve health disparities caused by inequitable access.

ACTIONS

Action 7.2-1 The City should work to eliminate barriers for individuals with limited or no English proficiency to access healthcare resources.

Action 7.2-2 The City should collaborate with mobile healthcare clinics to implement and coordinate services with primary care clinics in priority areas in Lynwood.

Action 7.2-3 The City should identify veterans and ensure their access to e mployment, housing, and nutrition services.

Action 7.2-4 The City should work with Metro to expand public transit service to neighborhoods and regional medical facilities.

Action 7.2-5 The City should encourage the provision of a range of health services (including, but not limited to, primary, preventive, specialty, prenatal, dental care, mental health, and substance abuse treatment/counseling) in a manner accessible to Lynwood residents.

Action 7.2-6 The City should promote the use of mobile or remote health care (e.g., E - Health Care Clinics on Wheels) to increase residents’ access to health care.

Action 7.2-7 The City should promote health and wellness programs offered in Lynwood by various hospitals and medical groups.

Action 7.2-8 The City should attempt to establish the Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard as a regional hub for medical services and research.

Action 7.2-9 The City should promote preventative care to improve health conditions in Lynwood.

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Action 7.2-10 The City, to the greatest extent feasible, s hould cooperate with other heal care agencies to promote preventative care, including such measures as regular physician’s visits and prenatal care, increased physical activity, and enhanced nutrition.

Action 7.2-11 The City should support regional and national disease prevention programs, especially those designed to reduce incidences of asthma, obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.

Action 7.2-12 The City should hold an annual Health Day/Fair with information, health care screenings, and services with activities that celebrate an active lifestyle . The event should be City -sponsored and involve a wide range of service providers . Health Fair s should have a strong focus on preventative health care, healthy eating, and active living.

GOAL 8 Promote public facilities, defined as public improvements, public services, and community amenities for all Lynwood residents (Section 10).

Environmental effects include environmental degradation, ecological effects and threats to the environment and communities. The introduction of physical, biological, and chemical pollutants into the environment can have harmful effects on different components of the ecosystem. Effects can be immediate or delayed. The environmental effects of pollution can also affect people by limiting their ability to make use of ecosystem resources (e.g., eating fish or swimming in local rivers or bays). Also, living in an environmentally degraded community can lead to stress, which may affect human health. In addition, the mere presence of a contaminated site or high -profile facility can have tangible impacts on a community, even if actual environmental degradation cannot be documented. Such sites or facilities can contribute to perceptions of a community being undesirable or even unsafe. Therefore, it is imperative that Lynwood’s improvements to public services, infrastructure and community social, cultural , and recreational amenities be promoted.

POLICY 8.1
Support programs and services that address Environmental Justice and foster partnerships with City and Countywide programs.

ACTIONS

Action 8.1-1 The City should include Environmental Justice Element policies in discussions and meetings with other local and Los Angeles County partners to determine where concerted efforts could increase the effectiveness of policies and actions.

Action 8.1-2 The City should provide ongoing engagement with Lynwood residents and stakeholders to determine additional criteria for inclusion of neighborhoods not currently identified as part of Disadvantaged Communities in the City.

Action 8.1-3 The City should make every effort to prioritize funding and fiscal decisions for recreation, air quality , and other environmental improvements, public infrastructure investments, community programming, and engagement opportunities in Disadvantage d Communities. During the City’s consideration of its annual budget, the City should use specific policies and a ctions in the Environmental Justice Element to prioritize available general funds and grant funding to implement the policies and conduct the actions. 208
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Action 8.1-4 The City should encourage and support the availability of sites for alcohol, drug, and mental health treatmen t and supporting housing for persons receiving such treatment.

Action 8.1-5 The City should adopt and enforce tobacco control laws , and continue to update and reinforce tobacco control laws that pertain to location and retailing practices of tobacco stores, smoking restrictions, and smoke-free home and workplace laws.

Action 8.1-6 The City should raise awareness of alcohol and other drug issues by reducing positive associations and i ncreasing perceptions of harm among youth by changing social norms by supporting a comprehensive, evidence -based prevention including media, enforcement, education, and policy.

Action 8.1-7 The City should prohibit smoking in areas around public facilities designated as smoke-free zones by the City, such as City Hall, parks and recreational facilities, schools, and other public meeting places in compliance with State and City policies and with sound health consensus.

Action 8.1-8 The City should adopt a “Safe and Healthy Parks” ordinance that reduces children’s exposure to secondhand smoke, strengthens prohibitions against alcohol and drug use, protects park users from violence, and ensures neighborhood parks are safe for families to use.

Action 8.1-9 The City should adopt an ordinance that establishes smoke-free zones on public property in the immediate vicinity of places where children are likely to congregate, possibly including, but not limited to, schools, parks, and daycare facilities.

Action 8.1-10 The City should enforce property maintenance and environmental design regulations for businesses, especially “corner stores,” including regulations for alcohol and tobacco advertisements.

Action 8.1-11 The City should encourage the expansion of tobacco and alcohol abuse cessation and treatment services for Lynwood residents , such as building partnerships, educating the public about local services, and working to locate these services in appropriate areas of Lynwood.

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POLICY 8.2 Monitor progress of Goals, Policies, and Actions in this Environmental Justice Element

ACTIONS

Action 8.2-1 The City annually shall review the implementation status of Environmental Justice Goals, policies, and actions to monitor the progress, and shall provide the annual progress reports to residents of Lynwood’s Disadvantaged Communities . In addition, Lynwood staff shall present annual progress reviews to the Lynwood City Council or a regularly scheduled Council Agenda and specifically invite residents of the City and business owners within Lynwood’s Disadvantaged Communities to attend the City Council meeting. Reporting format and content will be in compliance with California Senate Bill 1000 (September 24, 2016).

Action 8.2-2 The City shall examine existing City processes and practices for ways to embed Environmental Justice Element Goals, Policies, and Actions through future updates to Lynwood General Plan elements, sustainability plans, Municipal Code, and other City - initiated planning projects.

Action 8.2-3 The City shall prioritize the City’s Capital Improvement Program to address the needs of the City’s Disadvantaged Communities.

Action 8.2-4 The City should reach out to community members, leaders, organizations, and environmental justice groups when considering land use actions that could affect local environmental and personal health.

Action 8.2-5 The City should maintain effective community presence, liaisons, and relationships with communities and provide meaningful participation and dialogue with Los Angeles County Health Department representatives in local forums.

Action 8.2-6 The City should support expanded opportunities for youth and older adults to engage in community service that integrates community health and improvement.

Action 8.2-7 The City should promote education, training, and information for seniors, caregivers, and emergency responders pertaining to the special needs of older adults; the special needs should include, but not be limited to fall prevention, dementia, nutrition, transportation, social isolation, and social support.

Action 8.2-8 The City should promote efforts to create a greater understanding of the effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) for the individual veteran, families, and the community.

Action 8.2-9 The City should use diverse methods of outreach that promote public participation and ensure Lynwood events are communicated to all Lynwood communities, especially to linguistically isolated households, households without internet access, and senior and low-income residents.

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Action 8.2-10 The City should encourage public participation in the public process by effectively engaging the Lynwood community and making special efforts to accommodate all residents, including the following: providing simultaneous translation services and listening devices for all meetings , using a variety of venues throughout the community , and using participatory facilitation techniques.

Action 8.2-11 The City should strive to increase rates of participation in community events such as voting, youth activities, adult education, senior activities, and family -oriented programs.

Action 8.2-12 The City should require sponsors of development and infrastructure projects to initiate early, frequent, and substantive communication with the Lynwood community and demonstrate how community input was incorporated into the development plans.

Action 8.2-13 The City should ensure affected residents have the opportunity to participate in decisions that impact their health.

Action 8.2-14 The City should utilize culturally appropriate approaches to public participation and involvement in the decision-making process.

Action 8.2-15 The City should schedule public meetings on key issues that affect the Lynwood community at times and locations most convenient to community members.

Action 8.2-16 The City should educate decision-makers and the Lynwood community on Environmental Justice.

Action 8.2-17 The City should consult with Native American Tribes early in the discretionary process about culturally significant issues.

Action 8.2-18 The City should identify those areas of Lynwood most vulnerable to environmental hazards through CalEnviroScreen, the Environmental Justice Screening Model (EJSM), or another model.

Action 8.2-19 The City should facilitate the involvement of community residents, businesses, and organizati ons in the development, adoption, and implementation of community health initiatives and consider their input throughout the decision -making process.

Action 8.2-20 The City should consider Environmental Justice issues as they are related to potential health impacts ass ociated with land use decisions, including enforcement actions, reduction of adverse health effects of hazardous materials, industrial activities, and other undesirable land uses, on residents regardless of age, culture, ethnicity, gender, race, socioeconomic status, or geographic location.

Action 8.2-21 The City should consider Environmental Justice issues as the issues are related to the equitable provision of desirable public amenities such as parks, recreational facilities, community gardens, and other beneficial uses that improve the quality of life. 211
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Action 8.2-22 The City should assure potentially affected community residents that they have opportunities to participate in decisions that affect their environment and health and that the concerns of all participants involved will be considered in the decision -making process.

Action 8.2-23 The City should conduct meetings and workshops at times and locations convenient for community members to attend, particularly those who may be directly affected by a particular decision.

Action 8.2-24 The City should conduct regular community workshops and/or meet with neighborhood-specific citizen committees to solicit feedback on planning activities for different neighborhoods.

GOAL 9 Promote actions that contribute to decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and energy usage that lower greenhouse gas emissions and benefit Lynwood residents’ adaptation to Climate Change (Section 4).

POLICY 9.1 Support GHG Reductions through increased energy efficiency in municipal and public facilities.

ACTIONS

Action 9.1.1 The City should conduct annual audits of energy use in each of its municipal buildings to determine energy efficiency retrofits are advisable and, if energy efficiency upgrades have been established, if those energy upgrades/retrofits have been effective.

Action 9.1.1 The City should retrofit streetlights with LED lighting.

Action 9.1.2 The City should i nstitute a “lights out at night” program for municipal facilities.

Action 9.1.3 The City should pursue LEED or other green building certification of existing municipal facilities and any new municipal and public facilities.

POLICY 9.2 The City should address Climate Change impacts and adaptation to Climate Change by reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Transportation sector.

ACTIONS

Action 9.2.1 The City should implement a Safe Routes to School Program that promotes bicycle and pedestrian safety.

Action 9.2.2 The City should work with Lynwood businesses that employ more than 50 employees to implement a voluntary Transportation Demand Management Program, such 212
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as those identified in Connect SoCal (the SCAG Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy).

Action 9.2.3 The City should advocate with transit providers for more transit passes for City residents and employees in City businesses.

Action 9.2.4 The City should attempt to secure funding to install electric vehicle recharging stations or other alternative fuel vehicle support infrastructure in existing public and private parking lots.

Action 9.2.5 The City should increase the number of efficient or alternatively fueled vehicles in the City fleet.

Action 9.2.6 The City should create at least one day annually when a portion of streets and plazas is designated exclusively for pedestrian and/or bicycle access.

POLICY 9.3 The City should address Climate Change impacts and adaptation to Climate Change by reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Industrial sector.

ACTIONS

Action 9.3.1 The City should actively promote use of energy-efficient building operations systems in existing and new industrial facilities and establish achievable goals for related energy savings.

Action 9.3.2 The City should promote and incentivize solar installations on new and existing industrial and warehousing facilities through partnerships with energy providers.

Examples of incentives could include reduced permit fees or streamlined permit processing.

Action 9.3.3 The City should work with electricity providers to encourage large commercial and industrial facilities to participate in energy-efficient upgrade programs.

POLICY 9.4 The City should address Climate Change impacts and adaptation to Climate Change by reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in t he Residential sector.

ACTIONS

Action 9.4.1 Provide incentives such as streamlined permitting or bonus density for new multi-family buildings to install “cool” roofs consistent with current California Green Building Code (CALGreen) standards.

Action 9.4.2 The City should apply for and prioritize Community Block Development Grant funds to assist low-income homeowners achieve energy-efficient improvements.

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Action 9.4.3 The City should development program and funding strategy to incentivize conversion of natural gas heated homes and non-residential buildings to electricity.

Action 9.4.4 The City should develop and provide a toolkit of resources, including web- based efficiency calculations, for residents and businesses to analyze their greenhouse gas emissions in comparison to their neighborhood, the City, and the region.

Action 9.4.5 The City should endeavor to improve energy efficiency and optimization of water provision operations that would make utilities less vulnerable to electricity shortfalls due to high demand or service disruptions from natural disasters.

Action 9.4.6 The City should encourage or require Energy Efficiency Standards that exceed Title 24 in construction of new residential units.

Action 9.4.7 The City should educate City staff and private developers about Title 24 updates and additional energy efficiency opportunities for new housing.

Action 9.4.8 The City should promote Tier 1, Tier 2 Green Building Ratings, such as LEED, Build It Green/Green Point Rating Systems, or Energy Star certified buildings.

Action 9.4.9 The City should establish, promote, or require Home Energy Evaluations.

Action 9.4.10 The City should employ a third-party inspector to verify Title 24 or greater compliance to home upgrades or enhance enforcement of Title 24 compliance.

Action 9.4.11 The City should promote home energy audits through programs such as Energy Upgrade California.

Action 9.4.12 The City should establish a free “Energy Checkup” Program for residential units.

Action 9.4.13 The City should develop or promote a Green Building Program and promote financing programs such as Properly Assessed Clean Energy (PACE).

Action 9.4.14 The City should develop a Residential Energy Conservation Ordinance (RECO).

POLICY 9.5 The City should address Climate Change impacts and adaptation to Climate Change by reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Public Services/Public Lighting sectors

ACTIONS

Action 9.5.1 The City should encourage owners/operators of existing private parking lots to expand efforts to install energy-efficient lighting technologies.

Action 9.5.2 The City should incentivize or require light-reflecting surfaces, such as cool roofs or cool pavements.
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POLICY 9.6 The City should encourage and implement effective landscaping to assist in adaptation to the effects of Climate Change.

ACTIONS

Action 9.6.1 The City should encourage residents and business owners to use efficient lawn and garden maintenance equipment or to reduce the need for landscape maintenance by using California native plantings that are climate appropriate. This can include the following: partnering with the South Coast Air Quality Management District to establish a voluntary exchange program for residential electric lawnmowers; requiring new buildings to provide electrical outlets in an accessible location to facilitate use of electric- powered lawn and garden equipment; and, encouraging replacement of high-maintenance landscapes with native vegetation to reduce the need for gas -powered lawn and garden equipment.

Action 9.6.2 The City should increase and maintain urban greening in Lynwood by promoting tree planting and urban gardening programs.

Action 9.6.3 The City should work with the Lynwood community to develop a tree planting committee, which should develop a City Tree Planting Program.

POLICY 9.7 Encourage training and education pertaining to increasing Energy Efficiency in Existing and New Commercial Buildings.

ACTIONS

Action 9.7.1 The City should enable reduction of emissions from heavy -duty construction equipment by limiting idling based on South Coast Air Quality Management District requirements and utilizing cleaner fuels, equipment, and vehicles. This could include requiring provision of clear signage reminding construction workers to limit idling and requiring project applicants to limit greenhouse gas emissions through one of the following: substituting electrified or hybrid equipment for diesel/gas powered; us ing alternative-fueled equipment on the project site; or, avoiding use of generators on Project sites.

Action 9.7.2 The City should establish and sponsor an annual Energy Efficiency Fair.

Action 9.7.3 The City should consider employing or designating an energy Advocate to promote and manage energy efficiency programs.

POLICY 9.8 Enact water conservation measures.

ACTIONS

Action 9.8.1 The City should encourage use of reclaimed water in residences and businesses.

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Action 9.8.2 The City should practice water conservation and demand management in all municipal facilities. This can be accomplished by implementing water conservation programs that decrease water waste and inefficiency.

Action 9.8.3 The City should conduct public outreach as an important component of any water conservation program. Public outreach may include the following: communicating basic information on household water usage; indicating the best time of day to undertake water-intensive activities; communicating information about, and access to, water efficient household appliances such as low -flow toilets, showerheads, and front -loading washers.

In addition, effective conservation programs in the community include those that provide rebates or help install water meters, water -conserving appliances, toilets, and rainwater harvesting tanks.

Action 9.8.4 The City should develop a Water Reuse Master Plan to maximize use of storm water, graywater, and on-site water reclamation.

Action 9.8.5 The City should streamline permit reviews of complex graywater systems.

POLICY 9.9 The City should address waste reduction as a factor in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

ACTIONS

Action 9.91 The City should develop a Zero Waste Plan to supplement Statewide green waste, recycling and reusable plastic bags.

Action 9.9.2 The City should combine recycling programs with economic development to facilitate new businesses, expand existing markets, and create jobs. 216
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DEFINITIONS

Adaptation – An adjustment in natural or human systems to a new or changing environment (such as the increased frequency and intensity of climate -related hazards or other climate -related conditions. An adaptation adjustment moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities brought about by the change.

California Healthy Places Index – A tool created by the Public Health Alliance of Southern California that uses life expectancy predictors to determine livability of a location. It uses scores for each census tract community condition, which allows for easy comparisons across California.

CalEnviroScreen – A mapping tool that assists in identifying California communities most affected by many sources of pollution and where people often are especially vulnerable to pollution’s effects. CalEnviroScreen ranks communities by census tract based on data available from State and Federal government sources . Those census tracts that are above the 75 th percentile on
CalEnviroScreen is considered disadvantaged and most vulnerable to climate change. This Element uses CalEnviroScreen 3.0, updated in June 2018.

Climate Change – A change in the climate that can be identified by changes in the mean and/or variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer.

Climate Change Adaptation – The adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, and which moderates harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. Climate change adaptation is focused on long-term threats to human life, property, economic continuity, ecological integrity, and community function.

Climate Change Effect – Any consequence, generally a negative one, caused by climate change.

Climate Change Hazard – A dangerous or potentially dangerous condition created by effects of the local climate.

Climate Change Mitigation – Also referred to as GHG Mitigation or GHG Reduction, refers to actions to reduce GHG emissions to reduce the severity of climate change.

Disadvantaged Community – As defined by the California Environmental Protection Agency, a low-income area that is disproportionately affected by environmental pollution and other hazards that can lead to negative health effects, exposure, or environmental degradation (Health and Safety Code, Section 39711).

Environmental Justice Communities – Areas throughout California that most suffer from a combination of economic, health and environmental burdens . These burdens include poverty, high unemployment, air and water pollution, the presence of hazardous wastes, and high instances of asthma and heart disease. These communities also are referred to as Disadvantaged Communities in various State laws and guidance documents.

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Extreme (Climate) Event – Occurs when weather or climate variables exceeds the upper or lower thresholds of its observed range.

Hazard – An event or physical condition that has the potential to cause fatalities, injuries, property damage, infrastructure damage, agricultural loss, damage to the environment, interruption of business, or other types of harm or loss.

Hazard Mitigation – A sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to human life and property through actions that reduce hazard, exposure, and vulnerability . Hazard Mitigation can be one component of climate change adaptation.

Health Equity – Recognizes “determinants of equity” means social, economic, geographic, political, and physical environmental conditions that lead to the creation of a fair and just society.

Furthermore, “health equity” refers to efforts to ensure all people have full and equal access to opportunities that enable them to lead healthy lives.

Low-Income Communities – Areas with household incomes at or below 80% of the Statewide median income, or with household incomes at or below the threshold designated as low -income by the Department of Housing and Community Development’s list of State income limits adopted to Government Code Section 50093.

Mitigation – An act or sustained actions to reduce, eliminate, or avoid adverse impacts or effects.

Public Health and Safety Concerns – The way the communities we live in affect our physical health through pollution, food, exercise, and housing.

Resilience – The capacity of any entity (an individual, a community, an organization, or a natural system) to prepare for disruptions, to recover from shocks and stresses, and to adapt and grow from a disruptive experience . A community’s resilience is determined by its ability to survive, adapt, and thrive no matter what acute shock or chronic stressor it experiences.

Vulnerability – The exposure of human life and property to damage from natural and human - made hazards . Climate vulnerability describes the degree to which natural, built, and human systems are at risk of exposure to climate change impacts . Differences in exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity affect an individual’s or community’s vulnerability to climate change .

Vulnerability can increase because of physical (built and environmental), social, political, and/or economic factors. Vulnerability is considered a function of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity.

• Exposure – The presence of people, infrastructure, nat ural systems, and economic, cultural, and social resources in areas subject to harm. • Sensitivity – The degree to which a species, natural system, community, government, and other associated systems would be affected by changing climate conditions.
• Impact – A specific negative result of a climate change effect, generally on a particular population or asset . Impact often is determined by the combination of exposure and sensitivity.
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• Adaptive Capacity – The combination of the strengths, attributes, and resources available to an individual, community, society, or organization that can be used to prepare for and undertake actions to reduce adverse impacts or moderate harm or to exploit beneficial opportunities; the ability to adjust to potenti al damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or to respond to consequences. • Risk – The potential for damage or loss created by a hazardous condition that affects populations or community assets.

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SUPPLEMENT TO GENERAL PLAN
2002 PUBLIC SAFETY ELEMENT

CITY OF LYNWOOD
FINAL
AUGUST 2024

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FINAL City of Lynwood
AUGUST 2024 Supplement to Safety Element

1 Table of Contents
SUPPLEMENT TO SAFETY ELEMENT ................................................................................................... 2 SUPPLEMENT TO EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS SECTION ........................................................... 3

5.3.3 Disaster Proclamation Process ............................................................................................... 3 SUPPLEMENT TO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SECTION .................................................................... 8 SUPPLEMENT TO GEOLOGY & SEISMICITY SECTION ..................................................................... 9

5.5.2.1 Regional Geology .................................................................................................................. 9

5.5.2.2 Geological Setting ............................................................................................................... 10

5.5.3.1 Liquefaction Zone: City of Lynwood ................................................................................. 13

5.5.6 Earthquakes ............................................................................................................................. 14

5.9 FLOODING HAZARDS/WATER PROVISION/UTILITIES/SERVICES .......................................... 19

5.9.1 National Flood Mitigation Assistance Grant Program ........................................................ 19

5.9.2 Planning Process Description ............................................................................................... 22

5.9.3 City of Lynwood 2020 Urban Water Management Plan .................................................... 22

5.9.4 Water Use for Lower-Income Households .......................................................................... 22

5.9.5 Drought Risk Assessment ...................................................................................................... 24

5.9.6 Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal .............................................................. 24

5.10 FIRE HAZARDS ................................................................................................................................ 27

5.11 CLIMATE CHANGE, ADAPTATION, AND RESILIENCY ............................................................. 28

5.11.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 28

5.11.2 Regulatory Environment ...................................................................................................... 31

5.11.3 Lynwood................................................................................................................................. 31

5.12 SUPPLEMENT TO SAFETY ELEMENT – GOALS/POLICIES MATRIX .................................... 34

5.13 SUPPLEMENT TO SAFETY ELEMENT – DEFINITIONS ............................................................ 40

5.14 SUPPLEMENT TO SAFETY ELEMENT – LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN ................... 45

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AUGUST 2024 Supplement to Safety Element

2 SUPPLEMENT TO SAFETY ELEMENT

California State Government Code Section 65302 requires all general plans to include a Safety Element and states as follows:

“A safety element for the protection of the community from any unreasonable risks associated with the effects of seismically induced surface rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunami, seiche, and dam failure; slope instability leading to mudslides an d landslides; subsidence, liquefaction, and other seismic hazards identified under Chapter

7.8 (commencing with Section 2690) of Division 2 of the Public Resources Code, and other geologic hazards are known to the legislative body, flooding; and wildland and urban fires.”

Furthermore, the State Government Code must include mapping of known seismic and other geologic hazards, evacuation routes, military installations, peak -load water supply requirements, and minimum road widths and clearances around structures related to identified fire and geologic hazards. This Supplement to the Safety Element complies with State requirements and includes a discussion of Climate Change risk and adaptation. This updated information is intended to supplement the existing Lynwood General Plan Safety Element and be adopted by the City Council.

In February 2021, the City Council adopted the City of Lynwood 2020 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (“2020 LHMP”) as part of the General Plan Safety Element. According to the level of risk, the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) ranks hazard priorities for Lynwood as high-risk. The LHMP identified the following hazards: aircraft accident; climate change; drought; earthquake and seismic hazards; excess heat; flood/flash flood; pipeline rupture/hazardous material release; winter storm/high wind; and dam inund ation. These hazards were identified for Lynwood based on historical information, the presence of the danger, and the likelihood of future occurrences of the hazard. List of hazard priorities, Climate Chang e, and Earthquake/Seismic Hazards were assigned high-risk levels.

The City’s 2008 LHMP did not specify general priorities; instead, it addressed three hazards:
earthquake, flood, and windstorm.

The 2020 LHMP added climate change hazards , dam inundation, drought, extreme heat, and pipeline rupture/hazardous material release. The 2020 LHMP delineates overall mitigation objectives and goals and contains a detailed prioritization of mitigation activities. In addition, the 2020 LHMP attempted to develop mitigation activities that addressed infrastructure, vulnerability, and improved community resiliency. Where possible, mitigation activities are concrete physical actions rather than broad, programmatic measures.

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3 SUPPLEMENT TO EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS

SECTION

*All Sections have been numbered in sequence with the existing Safety Element. The following Section is to be inserted after Section 5.3.2

5.3.3 Disaster Proclamation Process

When a condition of extreme peril or potential peril to the safety of persons and property occurs, and the condition is beyond the capacity of the local jurisdiction to control effectively, the local governing body may proclaim that a local emergency exists. The local government may request the California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) Director to concur in the proclamation of a local emergency to assist the California Disaster Assistance Act. A copy of the jurisdiction’s resolution must be provided to the Los Angeles Operational Area as soon as possible to transmit the resolution to Cal OES when a county proclaims a local emergency under Section 8630 of the Government Code . It’s not necessary for the cities to also reveal the existence of a local emergency independently. If sufficient conditions occur, the State may declare a state of emergency to fully commit Sate and mutual aid assistance and provide resources to assist the local government. Following the proclamation of a state of emergency, the California OES Director may recommend the Governor request a Presidential declaration of a major disaster under the authority of Public Law 93-288. The Governor/s request to the President is submitted through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

It is essential that the City plan proactively to ensure the safety of residents when disasters occur.

This planning involves ensuring all areas of Lynwood are accessible for evacuation and emergency access.

Emergency preparedness aims to protect the general public's health, safety, and welfare during and after natural, technological, or attack -related emergencies. To respond effectively to such events requires coordination with a range of public and private sector partners and various City departments such as Fire and Emergency Services, Sheriff, Community Development, and Public Works. Lynwood recognizes the importance of emergency preparedness by implementing its Local Hazard Mitigation Plan.

The California Emergency Services Act requires Lynwood to manage and coordinate overall emergency and recovery activities within its jurisdictional boundaries. Under the Standard Emergency Management System (SEMS), Lynwood is responsible for the field response and local government levels. The City of Lynwood will coordinate response and operations with Los Angeles County and other agencies and jurisdictions during disasters. Lynwood does not have any residential developments in any hazard area that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes.

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) approved the State of California Multi - Hazard Mitigation Plan, also known as the State Hazard Mitigation Plan (SHMP) , in 2018. The SHMP represents California’s commitment to reduce or eliminate potential risks and impacts of natural and human-caused disasters to assist communities with mitigation and disaster resiliency 223
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4 actions. Adoption of the SHMP qualifies the State for Federal funds in the event of a disaster. The City of Lynwood City Council adopted a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan ( LHMP) in February 2021, articulating the risk level within the City and measures that would mitigate various potential disasters such as earthquakes and flooding , dam inundation, drought, and other hazards. In addition, the City developed an Employee Emergency Evacuation Plan for employees in the City Hall complex and an “Emergency Preparedness Checklist” for City residents and businesses. The Emergency Preparedness Checklist delineates ten steps to prepare persons for emergencies:
knowing one’s risks; creating a Family Disaster Plan; practicing the Family Disaster Plan; building a Disaster Kit for the household; preparing children; learning CPR and First Aid; eliminating hazards in the home and the workplace; understanding post -9.11 risks and being a volunteer during an emergency.

The following Table 5.3.3-1 identifies and prioritizes hazards in Lynwood.

Table 5.3.3-1: Hazards in Lynwood

HAZARD RISK LEVEL
Climate Change High
Earthquake/Seismic High
Dam Inundation Moderate
Drought Moderate
Extreme Heat Moderate
Flood/Flashflood Moderate
Pipeline Rupture - HAZMAT Release Moderate
Winter Storm High Winds Moderate
Fire/Wildfire Low

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5 Table 5.3.3-2 below lists the State and Federal disaster declarations affecting Los Angeles County, which encompass the cities within the County. Disaster proclamations for hazards that are not present in Lynwood (wildland fire, landslides, tsunami, etc.) were excluded from the table:

Table 5.3.3-2: Los Angeles County Disaster Proclamation History YEAR DISASTER # HAZARD DECLARATION
2020-? DR 4482 COVID-19
Pandemic
Worldwide novel Corona virus pandemic; ongoing.
2012-2016 Statewide Drought Drought This period was one of the driest in California history since record-keeping began. The 2015 prediction of
El Niño to bring rains to California raised hopes of
ending the drought. The drought led to Governor
Jerry Brown’s instituting mandatory 25% water
restrictions in June 2015.
2013 Heatwave Extreme Heat In late June 2013, an intense heat wave struck the Southwestern United States. Various places in
Southern California reached up to 122°.
2009 H1N1 Swine Flu State

2007-2009 Statewide Drought Drought The three (3) years of drought conditions was the 12th worst drought period in the State’s history and
the first drought for which a statewide proclamation
of emergency was issued. The drought of 2007-2009
also saw greatly reduced water diversions from the
state water project. The summer of 2007 saw some
of the worst wildfires in Southern California history.
2006 DR 1646 Water storms State
1994 Northridge Earthquake
(M 6.7)
Earthquake $20B property damage, fifty-seven (57) deaths, up to 125,000 temporarily homeless, 82,000 structures
damaged or destroyed across Southern California.
1979 DR 609 California
Earthquake
State
1971 DR 299 San Fernando
Earthquake
State

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6 GOAL EP-1 (Continued from Safety Element 2002, Section 5.6 – Emergency Preparedness) Provide planning, response, and recovery capabilities to deal with the range of natural and artificial disasters that could impact the community.

Policy EP-1.4 The City of Lynwood shall install and improve backup power in critical facilities.

Policy EP-1.5 The City of Lynwood shall maintain a resource center in the City Hall and display racks including such documents as the Emergency Preparedness Guidebook, FEMA’s Are You Ready, etc.

Policy EP-1.6 The City of Lynwood shall develop and promote Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) through the Chamber of Commerce to gain business participation.

Policy EP-1.7 The City of Lynwood shall determine temporary protection measures during emergency recovery.

Policy EP-1.8 The City of Lynwood shall conduct routine maintenance of the community’s infrastructure to minimize the potential for system failure because of, or during, a disaster.

Policy EP-1.9 The City of Lynwood shall identify new sources of support , including philanthropic foundations, community foundations, and professional organizations such as the Urban Land Institute or American Planning Association, who might be able to provide technical or financial support for recovery planning.

Policy EP-1.10 The City of Lynwood shall identify and pursue funding opportunities to develop and implement local mitigation activities.

Policy EP-1.11 The City of Lynwood shall continue developing and executing the City Storm Emergency Response Plan when known storm events are forecast.

Policy EP-1.12 The City of Lynwood shall improve hazard assessment information to recommend avoiding new development in high hazard areas and encouraging preventative measures for existing development in areas vulnerable to natural, artificial, and technological hazards.

Policy EP-1.13 The City of Lynwood shall budget for maintaining City-owned fire stations leased to Los Angeles County.

Policy EP-1.14 The City of Lynwood shall continue to develop mutual aid agreements and memoranda of understanding with agencies to serve emergency and disaster purposes.

Policy EP-1.15 The City of Lynwood shall maintain cloud storage for vital records and data to allow access if City servers are disrupted.
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7 Policy EP-1.16 The City of Lynwood shall build a cadre of committed, trained volunteers to augment disaster response and recovery efforts in compliance with the California Disaster Service Worker program guidance (e.g., shelter workers, animal rescue and care, Community Emergency Response Team communications staff, medical and health, and human services ) during and after a disaster.

Policy EP-1.17 The City of Lynwood shall secure grant funding and initiate the buildout of a City Emergency Operations Center (EOC). The EOC should be designed as a “warm” facility with pre -staged support equipment such as tables and chairs, laptops, phones, radios, displays, EIPs, forms , and office supplies. It should be designed to provide all IT and radio communications connectivity.

Policy EP-1.18 The City of Lynwood shall develop an Employee Emergency Evacuation Plan for employees in the City Hall complex and an “Emergency Preparedness Checklist” for City residents and businesses. The Emergency Preparedness Checklist shall delineate ten steps to prepare persons for emergencies.

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8 SUPPLEMENT TO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

SECTION

* All Sections have been numbered in sequence with the existing Safety Element. The following Section is to be inserted after Goal HM-1

GOAL HM-1 (Continued from Safety Element 2002, Section 5.7 – Hazardous Materials) Provide planning, response, and recovery capabilities to deal with the range of natural and artificial disasters that could impact the community.

Policy HM-1.7 The City of Lynwood shall identify and establish specific travel routes to transport hazardous materials and wastes . Key considerations include the capacity to accommodate additional truck traffic safely , avoidance of residential areas, and interstate or State divided highways as preferred routes.

Policy HM-1.8 The City of Lynwood shall coordinate with utility companies and vendors to strengthen, safeguard, or take other appropriate measures to provide supplemental services to protect and secure high-voltage lines, water, sewer, natural gas, petroleum pipelines, and trunk electrical and telephone conduits from hazards.

Policy HM-1.9 The City of Lynwood shall develop public and private partnerships to foster natural hazard mitigation program coordination and collaboration in the City.

Policy HM-1.10 The City of Lynwood shall develop, enhance, and implement education programs to prepare against natural hazards to reduce the adverse risk to people who work or reside in the City.

Policy HM-1.11 The City of Lynwood shall coordinate and integrate natural hazard mitigation activities, where appropriate, with emergency operations plans and procedures.

Policy HM-1.12 The City shall encourage owners of structures in hazardous areas to retrofit and improve their structures.

Policy HM-1.13 The City of Lynwood shall promote hazard mitigation as a public value to recognize its importance to City residents' health, safety, and welfare.

Policy HM-1.14 The City of Lynwood shall engage the private sector to contribute to disaster preparedness and loss reduction at the local level.

Policy HM-1.15 The City of Lynwood shall develop a public outreach and awareness program about hazards in the City and mitigation actions community members can do in their homes.

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9 SUPPLEMENT TO GEOLOGY & SEISMICITY

SECTION

* All Sections have been numbered in sequence with the existing Safety Element. The following Section is to be inserted after Section 5.5.2

5.5.2.1 Regional Geology

The City of Lynwood (”Project Site”) is located within the Los Angeles Basin Geomorphic Province of Southern California. The Whittier Fault bounds the Central Block of the Los Angeles Basin to the east, the Sant a Ana Mountains of the Peninsular Ranges Province to the southeast, the Newport-Inglewood Fault to the west is located in the Downey Plain.

Earthquake Fault Zones have been established by the Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zones Act (1972), which directs the State Geologist to delineate the regulatory zones that encompass surface traces of active faults that have a potential for future surface fault rupture. The Alquist- Priolo Act aims to regulate the development of near-active faults to mitigate the hazard of surface fault rupture.

Earthquakes that occur within approximately 60 miles of the Project Site are generally capable of generating ground shaking of engineering significance to project development.

Secondary effects of earthquakes may include the following:

• Fires – There is a high probability of fires following an earthquake due to the number of broken gas lines. Water mains and lines often break due to ground movement. The combination of fires and a water shortage can seriously complicate the response to an earthquake.

• Hazardous Materials Spills – Hazardous materials in an industrial and manufacturing area could present a significant problem in an earthquake.

The active Newport -Inglewood Fault is approximately 3 miles southwest of Lynwood , and the Whittier Fault is about 12 miles northeast of Lynwood. These are considered active or potentially active under Fault Zoning Act (1994) guidelines.

Lynwood is not located within the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone. However, portions of Lynwood may be expected to experience moderate to potentially severe ground shaking from earthquakes generated on the Newport -Inglewood Fault and the Whittier -Elsinore Fault. In addition, Lynwood properties may experience a lesser degree of ground shaking from earthquakes on other faults within Southern California.

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10 * All Sections have been numbered in sequence with the existing Safety Element. The following Section is to be inserted after Section 5.5.2

5.5.2.2 Geological Setting

The City of Lynwood is in the southwestern coastal plain of the greater Los Angeles Basin within the historical flood plain of the Los Angeles River, which is situated in the Peninsular Range geomorphic province. This province is characterized as a low -lying plain that rises gently inland to surrounding mountains and hills. The Peninsular Range has trending structural /fault-blocks separated by northwest -southeast trending strike -slip faults. Geological fault -blocks are large areas of bedrock broken up into blocks by faults. There are four structural blocks within the Los Angeles Basin: the southwestern block , the northwestern block , the central block , and the northeastern block. Lynwood is located within the “Central Block.” The Newport Inglewood-Rose Canyon fault zone bounds this block to the southwest. To the east/southeast, the Whittier Elsinore fault is underlain by silty and sandy Young Alluvial Fan Deposits. 230
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11 Figure 5.5.2.2-1 Los Angeles Basin Topographic Map

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12 Figure 5.5.2.2-2 Geological Map of Lynwood

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13 * All Sections have been numbered in sequence with the existing Safety Element. The following Section is to be inserted after Section 5.5.3

5.5.3.1 Liquefaction Zone: City of Lynwood

The entire City of Lynwood is in a zone of required investigation for liquefaction. Site-specific geotechnical investigations shall be conducted within the zone of required investigation to identify and evaluate seismic hazards and formulate mitigation measures prior to permitting most developments designed for human occupancy.

The California Geological Survey within the California Department of Conservation furnishes and updates the Earthquake Zones of Required Investigation maps which are available on the department's website. Lynwood is located in the South Gate Quadrangle.

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14 * All Sections have been numbered in sequence with the existing Safety Element. The following Section is to be inserted after Section 5.5.5

5.5.6 Earthquakes

Southern California is known to be seismically active. Earthquakes within approximately 60 miles of the Project Site can generate ground shaking of engineering significance to the proposed construction. “Active faults ” are defined as surface displacement within the Holocene period (approximately the last 11,000 years).

To ensure all Californians are earthquake prepared, the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (CalOES) developed Earthquake Warning California – the nation’s first statewide earthquake warning system that provides several seconds of warning to mobile device users’ area before shaking occurs. Earthquake Warning California offers no -cost earthquake warning resources that include the following:

• MyShake App – A mobile app downloaded for mobile devices at no cost from Google Play at the Apple App Store. App location services must be set to “always-on” sensors that can alert those in the nearby area when shaking is detected. • Android Earthquake Alerts – An earthquake warning system available to any new or updated Android device that uses the same technology as the MyShake App. • Wireless Emergency Alerts ( WEA) – text-like messages from the government during emergencies, including presidential, imminent threats (fires, earthquakes, floods, etc.), and AMBER Alerts.

The Earthquake Warning California resources are designed to notify users to take protective actions quickly. These earthquake warning tools can help protect lives and prevent damage to properties in areas hit hardest during an earthquake. To learn more about Earthquake Warning California and additional resources available to the public, visit www.earthquake.ca.gov.

The following Table 5.5.6-1 indicates known principal active faults that may affect properties in Lynwood.

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15 Table 5.5.6-1: Principal Active Faults

Fault Name
Approximate Fault Distance to
Properties in Lynwood
(miles)
Maximum Moment Magnitude
(Mmax)
Newport-Inglewood 3.2 7.1
Whittier 10.5 6.8
Palos Verdes 11.4 7.3
Hollywood 12.8 6.4
Puente Hills Blind Thrust 12.0 7.1
Raymond 13.2 6.5
Santa Monica 14.0 6.6
Anacapa-Dume 14.9 7.5
Verdugo 16.2 6.9
Sierra Madre 18.6 7.2
Clamshell-Sawpit 27.3 6.5
Sierra Madre (San Fernando) 24.2 6.7
Malibu Coast 26.0 6.7
San Gabriel 26.5 7.2
San Andreas 41.0 7.8
*Continued from previous page

Potential seismic sources of significance to developments within Lynwood include active faults previously described and faults that are not known to break the ground surface but are considered active. The latter group of faults includes buried or “blind” thrust faults. Current tectonic models for the Los Angeles basin have identified the presence of buried thrust faults, several of which are considered partly responsible for the north -to-south compression of the Basin. Although these faults currently are not zoned by the State of California for surface rupture hazards (Earthquake Fault Zones), many are considered capable of generating seismic shaking of significance to structures. Figure 5.5.6-1 depicts a seismic hazard evaluation of the area.

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16 Figure 5.5.6-1 Predominate Earthquake (1998)

Magnitude (Mw)
Distance (km)
South Gate 7.5 minute quadrangle and portions of adjacent quadrangles 10% exceedance in 50 years peak ground acceleration
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17 Table 5.5.6-2 – Magnitude and Intensity Scales of Earthquakes

Magnitude Descriptor Intensity Description

1.0-3.0 Very Minor I I. Not felt except by a very few under especially favorable conditions.

3.0-3.9 Minor II-III II. Felt only by a few persons at rest, especially on upper floors of buildings.

III. Felt quite noticeably by persons indoors,
especially on upper floors of buildings.

Many people do not recognize it as an
earthquake. Standing motor cars may rock
slightly. Vibrations are similar to the
passing of a truck. Duration estimated.

4.0-4.9 Light IV-V IV. Felt indoors by many, outdoors by few during the day. At night, some awakened.

Dishes, windows, doors disturbed; walls
make a cracking sound— a sensation like a
heavy truck striking a building. Standing
motor cars rocked noticeably.

V. Felt by nearly everyone; many awakened.

Some dishes and windows are broken.

Unstable objects overturned. Pendulum
clocks may stop.

5.0-5.9 Moderate VI-VII VI. Felt by all; many frightened. Some heavy furniture moved; a few instances of fallen
plaster—damage slight.

VII. Damage negligible in buildings of good
design and construction; slight to moderate
in well-built ordinary structures;
considerable damage in poorly built or
badly designed structures; some chimneys
are broken.

6.0-6.9 Strong VIII-IX VIII. Damage slight in specially designed structures; considerable damage in
ordinary substantial buildings with partial
collapse. Damage is significant in poorly
built structures. Fall of chimneys, factory
stacks, columns, monuments, walls. Heavy
furniture overturned.

IX. Damage considerable in specially designed
structures; well-designed frame structures
thrown out of plumb. Damage is significant
in substantial buildings, with partial
collapse. Buildings shifted off foundations.

7.0-7.9 Major X-XII X. Some well-built wooden structures are destroyed; most masonry and frame
structures are destroyed with foundations.

Rails bent.

8.0 and Higher Great X-XII XI. Some well-built wooden structures are destroyed; most masonry and frame
structures are destroyed with foundations.

Rails bent.

XII. Few, if any (masonry) structures remain
standing. Bridges destroyed. Rails bent
greatly.

XIII. Damage total. Lines of sight and level are
distorted. Objects thrown into the air.
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18 GOAL GEO-1 (CONTINUED FROM Safety Element 2002, Section 5.8 – Geology and Seismicity) Provide planning, response, and recovery capabilities to deal with the range of natural and manmade disasters that could impact the community.

Policy GEO-1.5 The City of Lynwood shall promote the strengthening of planned utilities, retrofit and rehabilitation of existing weak structures and lifeline utilities, and relocation or strengthening of certain critical facilities to increase public safety and minimize potential damage from seismic and geologic hazards.

Policy GEO-1.6 The City of Lynwood shall encourage private property owners of unreinforced masonry structures to complete seismic retrofits.

Policy GEO-1.7 The City of Lynwood shall maintain new information for earthquake hazard mapping data for the City of Lynwood and improve technical analysis of earthquake hazards.

Policy GEO-1.8 The City of Lynwood shall identify funding sources for structural and non - structural retrofitting of structures identified as seismically vulnerable.

Policy GEO-1.9 The City of Lynwood shall encourage the reduction of structural and non - structural earthquake hazards in homes, schools, businesses, and governmental offices.

Policy GEO-1.10 The City of Lynwood shall encourage seismic strength evaluations of critical facilities in the City to identify building integrity.

Policy GEO-1.11 The City of Lynwood shall evaluate City and non -City facilities identified as potential shelter sites for structural integrity.

Policy GEO-1.12 The City of Lynwood shall encourage the purchase of earthquake hazard insurance.

Policy GEO-1.13 The City of Lynwood shall provide a draft of its safety element or safety element amendment to the California Geological Survey of the Department of Conservation before ADOPTION to determine if all known seismic and other geologic hazards are addressed.

Policy GEO-1.14 The City of Lynwood shall promote the strengthening of planned utilities, retrofit and rehabilitation of existing weak structures and lifeline utilities, and relocation or strengthening of certain critical facilities to increase public safety and minimize potential damage from seismic and geologic hazards.

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19 * All Sections have been numbered in sequence with the existing Safety Element. The following Sections are to be inserted after Section 5.8.

5.9 FLOODING HAZARDS/WATER

PROVISION/UTILITIES/SERVICES

5.9.1 National Flood Mitigation Assistance Grant Program

The Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Grant Program aims to reduce or eliminate flood insurance claims under the National Flood Insurance Program ( NFIP) and emphasizes mitigating repetitive loss properties. The National Flood Insurance Fund is the primary funding source for the FMA program, and grant funding is available for planning, project, and technical assistance. Project grants are awarded to local entities to apply mitigation measures to reduce flood losses to properties insured under the NFIP. If a community adopts and enforces a floodplain management ordinance to reduce future flood risk to new construction in floodplains, the Federal Government will make flood insurance available within the community as financial protection against flood losses. This insurance is designed to provide an insurance alternative to disaster assistance to reduce the escalating costs of repairing damage to buildings and their contents caused by floods.

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20 Figure 5.9.1-1: FEMA Flood Plain Map for Lynwood

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21 There were no properties identified in Lynwood as having repetitive losses from flood damage.

Lynwood is continuing to develop and execute the City Storm Emergency Response Plan to address any potential loss of properties from sewer system failures.

Figure 5.9.1-2: City of Lynwood Flood Map Zone

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22 5.9.2 Planning Process Description

The City of Lynwood prepared the 2020 LHMP to assess natural, technological, and human - caused risks to the City and reduce the hazards’ potential impact by creating mitigation strategies. 2020 LHMP resources and information are intended to:

• Identify and evaluate risks and vulnerabilities to various hazards; • Assist in the integration of mitigation goals and objectives with other local plans; • Identify existing mitigation activities and prioritize future projects; • Meet requirements of Federal mitigation programs;
• Lay the foundation for future LHMP updates and regular LHMP maintenance; &, • Establish a basis for coordination and collaboration among agencies and the public.

Community Engagement

Lynwood provided public notification through its website, Facebook account, and Twitter account.

The City also conducted an online survey to solicit input on hazards the community members face and the types of mitigation activities the City should take.

5.9.3 City of Lynwood 2020 Urban Water Management Plan

The City of Lynwood ’s water distribution system consists of five active groundwater production wells, a booster pump station, a concrete storage reservoir, a Granular Activated Carbon groundwater treatment facility, an imported water connection with the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD), an emergency connection with the City of South Gate, and 98 miles of distribution system piping.

The City provides water services to 90% of the 4.84-square mile municipal boundary, and Liberty Utilities provides water service to the remaining 10 percent.

The City has not conducted an official climate change vulnerability or risk assessment for the existing water service area. However, climate change poses a “high” risk level to the City.

5.9.4 Water Use for Lower-Income Households

City of Lynwood water use projections through 2040 include water demands for lower-income single-family and multi-family households. The 2020 Urban Water Management Plan for Lynwood estimated the total number of lower-income households within the City’s service area is based on records that the City of Lynwood provided, which include the review of median household income statistics provided by the United States Census Bureau’s American FactFinder; City General Plan; GIS maps of Disadvantaged Communities ; and all block groups, tracts, and places provided by Departmental Water Resources (DWR). Based on a 55 percent use factor of total residential water demands, projected water demand for lower-income households will be approximately 3,531 acre-feet annually by 2045.

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23 The City has not participated in or conducted an official climate change vulnerability or risk assessment for the existing water service area. However, the 2020 LHMP includes climate change in its risk assessment and describes past effects of climate change on the City. Climate change considerations for the City ’s water supply sources are also incorporated into the Energy Sustainability Plan and the Integrated Regional Water Management Plan for the Gateway Water Management Authority. Total volumes of rainfa ll and runoff may be reduced, meaning natural inflow from local precipitation will be impacted. In addition, increased temperatures could increase domestic water consumption, which would increase water demand.

Purchased or Imported Water

Lynwood’s water supply sources include water pumped from the 270-square-mile Central Basin, imported water purchased from the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, and recycled water supplies provided by Central Basin Metropolitan Water District (CBMWD).

Lynwood’s water supply facilities include five groundwater wells. The distribution system contains three booster pumps, one partially buried concrete reservoir, one imported water connection, and one active emergency water connection.

The Metropolitan Water District is a wholesale agency that distributes imported water to 26 member agencies throughout Southern California. CBMWD is a member agency served by the Metropolitan Water District. CBMWD distributes water to its retail agencies, including the City of Lynwood. The City is allotted 1.48% of CBMWD’s water allocation.

Groundwater

Groundwater in the Central Basin provides a substantial portion of the water supply needed by residents and industries in the service area. The City of Lynwood extracts groundwater from the Central Basin and has an allowed pumping allocation of 5,337 acre-feet per year. Four of Lynwood’s five groundwater wells are currently operational and have a combined 5,100 gallons per minute (approximately 8,200 acre-feet per year). Based on the Water Replenishment District 2019 Regional Groundwater Monitoring Report, Lynwood’s groundwater supply is deemed 100% reliable and available during normal, single, and multiple dry years.

Recycled Water

Lynwood is a member agency of the CBMWD, which provides recycled water produced from The Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts Los Coyotes Water Reclamation Plant in Cerritos. The Central Basin is continuing to expand its recycled water system. The City currently serves recycled water in the southeastern area of the City for landscape irrigation at Burke -Ham Park and several connections along the 710 and 105 Freeways, and a recent connection to Firebaugh High School.

The City’s Water Master Plan describes a “Regional Recycled Water Program” that would deliver approximately 168,000 acre-feet of treated wastewater from the Joint Water Pollution Control Plant in Carson via transmission pipelines to groundwater basins within the Metropolitan Water District’s service area.
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24 In addition, the City’s Water Master Plan describes the Central Basin’s proposed project that would expand the Central Water Master District’s existing recycled water system within Lynwood.

The “Gateway Cities Recycled Water Expansion Project” includes constructing approximately 9,400 feet of 12-inch-diameter recycled water pipeline from Fernwood Avenue to Bullis Road and from Bullis Road to the Lynwood Civic Center Complex. The 12 -inch pipeline also ins 8 -inch diameter pipeline extensions from Fernwood Avenue along Harris Avenue and Bullis Road. This project includes new recycled water service to Lynwood Park, Lynwood Unified School District, Lynwood City Hall complex, Linear Park, and multiple Caltrans areas.

5.9.5 Drought Risk Assessment

The 2019 Regional Groundwater Monitoring Report assessed conditions for the Central and West Coast Basins in Los Angeles County. The analysis evaluated groundwater levels, water quality , and future activities to preserve groundwater resources. Due to artificial replenishment, natural replenishment, and controlled pumping, the groundwater supply has been deemed a reliable source.

5.9.6 Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal

The Los Angeles County Sanitation District treats wastewater generated within the Lynwood service area. The local sewer system ties into the Sanitation District’s regional trunk sewers, which deliver wastewater to the Sanitation District Joint Water Pollution Control Plant located in the City of Carson. The Sanitation District estimates approximately 60 gallons per person per day of wastewater generated within the Sanitation District’s service area in Lynwood’s service area. This translates to about 3.8 million gallons of sewage collected daily within the Lynwood service area.

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25 GOAL FLD-1
Protect Lynwood from potential flood hazards.

Policy FLD-1.1 Emergency Plan
The City of Lynwood shall site critical public facilities , including hospital and healthcare facilities, emergency shelters, police and fire stations, and emergency communications facilities , outside the tsunami evacuation zone and 100-year flood plain.

Policy FLD-1.2 Debris Management
The City of Lynwood shall develop strategies for debris management for severe storm events.

Policy FLD-1.3 Water Resources Management And Conservation The City of Lynwood shall identify water resources management and conservation opportunities.

Policy FLD-1.4 Designated Floodplains
The City of Lynwood shall enhance data and map floodplain information within the City and identify and map flood -prone areas outside designated floodplains.

Policy FLD-1.5 Surface Water Drainage
The City of Lynwood shall identify surface water drainage obstructions for all parts of the City.

Policy FLD-1.6 Whittier Narrows Dam Emergency Action Plan The City of Lynwood shall acquire the latest Emergency Action Plan for the Whittier Narrows Dam and participate in annual training about Dam emergencies.

Policy FLD-1.7 Dam Failure Hazards
The City of Lynwood shall increase public awareness of dam failure hazards and mitigation measures to address them.

Policy FLD-1.8 The City of Lynwood shall continue to maintain the City’s underground reservoir.

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26 GOAL WTR-1
Conserve and ensure adequate water supply for the City of Lynwood.

Policy WTR-1.1 Emergency Water Supply
The City of Lynwood shall assist St. Francis Hospital with emergency water supply needs.

Policy WTR-1.2 Water Resources Management And Conservation The City of Lynwood shall identify water resources management and conservation opportunities.

Policy WTR-1.3 Underground Reservoir
The City of Lynwood shall continue to maintain the City’s underground reservoir.
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27 5.10 FIRE HAZARDS

The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection designates high wildfire risk areas under California Government Code Section 51178. Such areas are classified as Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (VHFSZ) based on fuel loading, slope, fire weather, and other relevant factors. The City of Lynwood is a largely built -out, urban environment and, therefore, does not contain any VHFSZ or other state responsibility areas for wildfire.

The City of Lynwood is exposed to urban fire-related hazards resulting from other primary natural hazards, equipment malfunction, arson, human error, and similar catastrophic events. CalFire and the County of Los Angeles provide fire and emergency medical services for the Planning Area tract to the City of Lynwood. Currently, the Fire Department has two stations: Fire Station No. 1, the Headquarters, is located at 3161 Imperial Highway Station. Fire Station No. 2 is located at 4264 Martin Luther King Jr Boulevard. Figure 5.7 below shows the locations of the Fire Stations in Lynwood.

Figure 5.10-1 City of Lynwood Fire Stations

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28 There are a minimum of 9 full -time firefighters at any one time. Equipment at Fire Headquarters consists of Engine #331, Rescue Squad #341, Snorkel Elevated Platform #311, and one pumper.

Equipment at Fire Station No. 2 includes Engine #332 and Reserve Engine #321.

5.11 CLIMATE CHANGE, ADAPTATION, AND

RESILIENCY

5.11.1 Introduction

The City of Lynwood is in the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB). SCAB climate and topography contribute to the formation and transport of pollutants containing ozone or other chemicals that react with sunlight throughout the Southern California region. The region experiences temperature inversions that limit atmospheric mixing and trap pollutants, resulting in high pollutant concentrations near the ground surface. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS), for which the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) have primary implementation responsibility. The CARB and the SCAQMD also are responsible for ensuring California Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) are met. SCAQMD manages air quality in the Los Angeles County portion of the South Coast Air Basin. The District has jurisdiction over air quality issues in Los Angeles County and administers air quality regulations at the Federal, State, and local levels. The District is also responsible for implementing air quality improvement strategies and recommending mitigation measures for new growth and development.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA) describes climate change as “any significant change in the measure of climate lasting for an extended period. In other words, climate change includes major changes in temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns, among other effects, that occur over several decades or longer. ” Global warming represents only one aspect of climate change. The Earth’s average temperature has risen by 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit over the past century and is projected to rise an other 2 degrees Fahrenheit to 11.5 degrees Fahrenheit over the next 100 years. Increasing changes in weather and climate have accompanied increasing global temperatures and have witnessed changes in rainfall that result in additional floods, droughts, heavy rain, and severe heat waves. Earth’s oceans and glaciers also have experienced changes, including ocean warming and becoming more acidic, ice caps melting, and sea levels rising. Some known causes of these processes include the following:

• Greenhouse Gases – Human activities have increased emissions of greenhouse gases. As a result of increases in emissions, average concentrations of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere increase. • Weather and Climate – On average, the United States and global temperatures are increasing, weather and climate attributes, such as precipitation, drought, and tropical cyclone activity, are changing.
• Oceans – Average oceanic temperatures are increasing. Sea levels are rising worldwide due to thermal expansion and increases from ice melt, and waters are becoming more acidic.
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29 • Snow and Ice – Glaciers in the United States and worldwide generally are shrinking, while snowfall and snow cover in the United States have decreased overall. The extent of the Arctic Sea ice is declining. • Health and Society – Warmer temperatures and later fall frosts allow ragweed plants to produce pollen later into the year, potentially prolonging allergy season. The length of ragweed pollen season has increased at 10 out of 11 locations studied in the central United States and Canada since 1995, and the change has become more pronounced from south to north.
• Ecosystems – Many areas are experiencing earlier spring events, such as peak stream runoff and flower blooms. Bird migration patterns are changing, and wildfire zone sizes have increased.

Climate change is likely to affect the entire population of the Earth. More widespread drought and associated crop failure, movement of invasive species, more frequent wildfires, increased energy emergencies, and more extreme climate events such as storms and extreme heat will occur throughout the United States. Specific likely impacts in California include the following:

• Agriculture – Increasing droughts and higher temperatures will likely affect California’s top agricultural products, such as cattle, dairy , and vegetables. Hot temperatures threaten cows’ health and cause them to eat less, grow more slowly, and produce less milk.

Livestock operations also could be impaired by fire, lack of water, and changes in the landscape from grassland to woody shrubs , more typical of a desert. Reduced water availability also would create challenges for irrigated farms, which account fo r two-thirds of the water used in California.
• Wildfires and Changing Landscapes – Higher temperatures and drought are likely to increase the severity, frequency, and extent of wildfires, harming property, livelihoods, and human health. On average, more than 2% of the land in California has burned each decade since 1984. Wildfire smoke can reduce air quality and increase medical visits for chest pains, respiratory problems, and heart problems. The combination of more fires and drier conditions may expand deserts and otherwise change parts of California’s landscape.

Many plants and animals living in arid lands are already near the limits of what they can tolerate. A warmer and drier climate generally extend s to higher elevations and expands their geographic ranges. In some cases, native vegetation may persist and delay or prevent the expansion of the desert. In other cases, fires or livestock grazing may accelerate grassland conversion to a desert in response to a changing climate. For similar reasons, some forests may change to desert or grassland. • Pests – Warmer and drier conditions make forests more susceptible to pests. Drought reduces the ability of trees to mount a defense against attacks from problems such as bark beetles, which have infested thousands of acres in California. Temperature controls the life cycle , and winter mortality rates can persist year -round with higher winter temperatures, and new pests and diseases may become established. • Human Health – Hot days can be unhealthy and dangerous. Certain people are especially vulnerable, including children, the elderly, the sick, and the poor. High air temperatures can cause heatstroke and dehydration and affect people’s cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous systems. Higher temperatures are amplified in urban settings where paved and other surfaces store heat. Construction crews may have to operate increasingly on altered time schedules to avoid the day’s heat.
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30 • Air Quality – Rising temperatures can increase the formation of ground-level ozone, a key component of smog. Ozone has various health effects, aggravates lung diseases such as asthma, and increases the risk of premature death from heart or lung disease. The United States Environmental Protection Agency and the California Air Resources Board have been working to reduce ozone concentrations. As the climate changes, continued progress toward clean air will be more difficult.

Climate change will affect the entire City of Lynwood. Although the specific extent of climate change is somewhat uncertain, the city should expect two to three times as many days with temperatures above 95 degrees by 2060. Climate change will continue to produce increasingly harmful effects until after greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere decline.

Climate change results from numerous cumulative sources of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Natural climate changes can be caused by indirect processes such as changes in the Earth’s orbit around the Sun or immediate changes within the climate system itself (i.e., changes in ocean circulation). Human activities can affect the atmosphere through emissions of greenhouse gases and changes to the planet’s surface. Human activities that produce greenhouse gas emissions are burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas for heating and electricity; gasoline and diesel for transportation), methane from landfill wastes and raising livestock, deforestation activities, and some agricultural practices.

Greenhouse gases differ from other emissions in that they contribute to the “greenhouse effect.” The greenhouse effect is a natural occurrence that helps regulate the planet’s temperature. The majority of radiation from the Sun hits and warms the Earth’s surface. The surface radiates heat back toward the atmosphere – a process known as infrared radiation. Gases and clouds in the atmosphere trap and prevent some of this heat from escaping back into space and re-radiate it in all directions. The process is essential to supporting life on Earth because it warms the planet by approximately 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Emissions from human activities since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution ( about 250 years ago) are adding to the natural greenhouse effect by increasing the gases in the atmosphere that trap heat, thereby contributing to an average increase in the Earth’s temperature. Greenhouse gases occur naturally and from human activities.

Greenhouse gases produced by human activities include Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), Perfluorocarbons (PFC), and Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF4). The United States Environmental Protection Agency estimates that since 1750 concentrations of Carbon Monoxide, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide in the atmosphere have increased more than 36 percent, 148 percent, and 18 percent, respectively, due primarily to human activity. Emissions of greenhouse gases affect the atmosphere directly by changing its chemical composition. In contrast, changes to the land surface indirectly affect the atmosphere by changing how the Earth absorbs gases from the atmosphere.

In addition, the City of Lynwood has not participated in or conducted an official climate change vulnerability or risk assessment for the existing water service area. However, the City LHMP includes climate change in its risk assessment and describes past effects of climate change on the City. Climate change considerations for the City water supply sources also are incorporated into the Energy Sustainability Plan for the Metropolitan Water District and the Integrated Regional Water Management Plan for the Gateway Water Management Authority. Total volumes of rainfall and runoff may be reduced, meaning natural inflow from local precipitation will be impacted. In addition, increased temperatures could increase domestic water demand. 250
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31 5.11.2 Regulatory Environment

The State of California has assumed a leadership role in planning to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the potential impacts of climate change. The following are among the most salient State legislation that pertains to climate change:

Federal

• United States Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007

State

• California Assembly Bill 32
• California Assembly Bill 341
• California Senate Bill 97
• California Assembly Bill 1493
• California Advanced Clean Car Program
• California Vehicle Efficiency Measures
• California Governor’s Executive Order S-03-05
• California Governor’s Executive Order S-01-07
• California Governor’s Executive Order S-14-08
• California Energy Code (Title 24, Part 6 of the California Code of Regulations) • California Air Resources Scoping Plan (2008; 2013; 2017; 2022[underway])

5.11.3 Lynwood

The City of Lynwood has yet to adopt Greenhouse Gas Emissions California Environmental Quality Act Thresholds of Significance. However, Lynwood is located within the South Coast Air Quality Management District. The air quality technical consulta nt utilized the most current South Coast Air Quality Management District guidance for greenhouse gas emissions screening , stipulating tier screening standards as the baseline for significance thresholds since September 2010. Under this methodology, screening values are established for residential, industrial, and project types. If a Project were to generate more greenhouse gas emissions (measured in Metric Tons/Year Carbon Dioxide Equivalent [MT/year CO2e]), that Project would have been required to implement mitigation measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions impacts by 9% below City 2008 levels by the year 2020.

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32 GOAL CC-1
Address the causes of climate change through energy and transportation policies focused on government operation and community-wide activities.

Policy CC-1.1 The City of Lynwood should prioritize implementing actions that would reduce greenhouse gas emissions and build resilience to climate change impacts. Such actions should emphasize
provision of multiple benefits.

Policy CC-1.2 The City of Lynwood should prioritize implementing actions that promote equity in availability of techniques that address adaptation to climate change. These actions should protect the community members most vulnerable to impacts of climate change.

Policy CC-1.3 The City of Lynwood should prioritize natural and green infrastructure actions to enhance and protect natural resources within the City urban environment.

Policy CC-1.4 The City of Lynwood should base all policy, planning and investment decisions on the best science available in
consideration of future climate conditions.

Policy CC-1.5 The City of Lynwood should take immediate actions to reduce present and near-future climate change risks for all City residents and businesses.

Policy CC-1.6 The City of Lynwood should enact measures to reduce vehicle miles traveled in the City by making cycling, walking, public transit, and other sustainable mobility modes significant components of the mainstream circulation system.

Policy CC-1.7 The City of Lynwood should ensure new development is “green” development; that is, that new development is oriented toward transit and coupled with enhancements to green and open space, urban forestry efforts, and water conservation actions.

Policy CC-1.8 The City of Lynwood should reduce conventional energy use in residences, businesses, and public institutions through facilitating high-quality energy efficiency retrofits.

Policy CC-1.9 The City of Lynwood should increase energy efficiency and renewable energy use in public buildings.

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33 Policy CC-1.10 The City of Lynwood should develop information and programs that enhance recycling, composting, and source reduction services for residential and non-residential buildings.

Policy CC-1.11 The City of Lynwood should expand efforts to eliminate waste at its source by limiting use of plastic bags.

Policy CC-1.12 The City of Lynwood should launch a coordinated outreach and climate change adaptation and greenhouse gas emissions
reduction education campaign to mobilize residents, businesses, and industry.

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5.12 SUPPLEMENT TO SAFETY ELEMENT – GOALS/POLICIES
MATRIX
# Goal/Policy Time
Frame
Responsible
Department
Goal
EP-1
Provide planning, response, and recovery capabilities to deal with the range of natural and artificial disasters that could impact the community.

Policy The following policies are to be inserted after EP-1.3 EP-1.4 The City of Lynwood shall install and improve backup power in critical facilities. Ongoing Administration EP-1.5 The City of Lynwood shall maintain a resource center in the City Hall and display racks including such documents as the Emergency Preparedness Guidebook, FEMA’s Are You Ready, etc.

Ongoing Administration
EP-1.6 The City of Lynwood shall develop and promote Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) through the Chamber of Commerce to gain business participation.

Ongoing Administration
EP-1.7 The City of Lynwood shall determine temporary protection measures during emergency recovery.

Ongoing Administration
EP-1.8 The City of Lynwood shall conduct routine maintenance of the community’s infrastructure to minimize the potential for system failure because of, or during, a disaster.

Ongoing Public Works
EP-1.9 The City of Lynwood shall identify new sources of support, including philanthropic foundations, community foundations, and professional organizations such as the Urban Land Institute or American Planning Association, who might be able to provide technical or financial support for recovery planning.

Ongoing Planning
EP-

1.10 The City of Lynwood shall identify and pursue funding opportunities to develop and implement local mitigation activities.

Ongoing Planning
EP-

1.11 The City of Lynwood shall continue developing and executing the City Storm Emergency Response Plan when known storm events are forecast.

Ongoing Planning
EP-

1.12 The City of Lynwood shall improve hazard assessment information to recommend avoiding new development in high hazard areas and encouraging preventative measures for existing development in areas vulnerable to natural, artificial, and technological hazards.

Ongoing Planning
EP-

1.13 The City of Lynwood shall budget for maintaining City -owned fire stations leased to Los Angeles County.

Ongoing Administration
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35 EP-

1.14 The City of Lynwood shall continue to develop mutual aid agreements and memoranda of understanding with agencies to serve emergency and disaster purposes.

Ongoing Administration
EP-

1.15 The City of Lynwood shall maintain cloud storage for vital records and data to allow access if City servers are disrupted.

Ongoing Information
Technology
EP-

1.16 The City of Lynwood shall build a cadre of committed, trained volunteers to augment disaster response and recovery efforts in compliance with the California Disaster Service Worker program guidance (e.g., shelter workers, animal rescue and care, Community Emergency Response Team communications staff, medical and health, and human services) during and after a disaster.

Ongoing Administration
Planning
Public Works
EP-

1.17 The City of Lynwood shall secure grant funding and initiate the buildout of a City Emergency Operations Center (EOC). The EOC should be designed as a “warm” facility with pre-staged support equipment such as tables and chairs, laptops, phones, radios, displays, EIRs, forms, and office supplies. It should be designed to provide all IT and radio communications connectivity.

Ongoing Planning Public
Works
EP-

1.18 The City of Lynwood shall develop an Employee Emergency Evacuation Plan for employees in the City Hall complex and an “Emergency Preparedness Checklist” for City residents and businesses. The Emergency Preparedness Checklist shall delineate ten steps to p repare persons for emergencies.
2023 Administration
Planning
Goal
HM-1
Provide planning, response, and recovery capabilities to deal with the range of natural and artificial disasters that could impact the community.

Policy The following policies are to be inserted after HM-1.6 HM-1.7 The City of Lynwood shall identify and establish specific travel routes to transport hazardous materials and wastes. Key considerations include the capacity to accommodate additional truck traffic safely, avoidance of residential areas, and interstate or State divided highways as preferred routes.
2023 Planning
Engineering
HM-1.8 The City of Lynwood shall coordinate with utility companies and vendors to strengthen, safeguard, or take other appropriate measures to provide supplemental services to protect and secure high -voltage lines, water, sewer, natural gas, petroleum pipelines, and trunk electrical and telephone conduits from hazards.
2023 Planning
Public Works
HM-1.9 The City of Lynwood shall develop public and private partnerships to foster natural hazard mitigation program coordination and collaboration in the City.

Ongoing Planning
HM-

1.10 The City of Lynwood shall develop, enhance, and implement education programs to prepare against natural hazards to reduce the adverse risk to people who work or reside in the City.

Ongoing Planning
Public Works
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36 HM-

1.11 The City of Lynwood shall coordinate and integrate natural hazard mitigation activities, where appropriate, with emergency operations plans and procedures.

Ongoing Planning
Public Works
Sheriff
HM-

1.12 The City shall encourage owners of structures in hazardous areas to retrofit and improve their structures.

Ongoing Planning

HM-

1.13 The City of Lynwood shall promote hazard mitigation as a public value to recognize its importance to City residents’ health, safety, and welfare.

Ongoing Planning

HM-

1.14 The City of Lynwood shall engage the private sector to contribute to disaster preparedness and loss reduction at the local level.

Ongoing Administration
Planning
HM-

1.15 The City of Lynwood shall develop a public outreach and awareness program about hazards in the City and mitigation actions community members can do in their homes. 2023 Administration
Planning
GEO-1 Provide planning, response, and recovery capabilities to deal with the range of natural and manmade disasters that could impact the community.

Policy The following policies are to be inserted after GEO-1.4 GEO-

1.5 The City of Lynwood shall promote the strengthening of planned utilities, retrofit and rehabilitation of existing weak structures and lifeline utilities, and relocation or strengthening of certain critical facilities to increase public safety and minimize potential damage from seismic and geologic hazards.

Ongoing Engineering
Public Works
GEO-

1.6 The City of Lynwood shall encourage private property owners of unreinforced masonry structures to complete seismic retrofits.

Ongoing Engineering
Public Works
GEO-

1.7 The City of Lynwood shall maintain new information for earthquake hazard mapping data for the City of Lynwood and improve technical analysis of earthquake hazards.

Ongoing Planning
Engineering
GEO-

1.8 The City of Lynwood shall identify funding sources for structural and non -structural retrofitting of structures identified as seismically vulnerable.

Ongoing Planning
Engineering
GEO-

1.9 The City of Lynwood shall encourage the reduction of structural and non -structural earthquake hazards in homes, schools, businesses, and governmental offices.

Ongoing Planning
Engineering
GEO-

1.10 The City of Lynwood shall encourage seismic strength evaluations of critical facilities in the City to identify building integrity.

Ongoing Engineering
GEO-

1.11 The City of Lynwood shall evaluate City and non-City facilities identified as potential shelter sites for structural integrity.
2023 Engineering
Public Works
GEO-

1.12 The City of Lynwood shall encourage the purchase of earthquake hazard insurance. 2023 Administration 256
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37 GEO-

1.13 The City of Lynwood shall provide a draft of its safety element or safety element amendment to the California Geological Survey of the Department of Conservation before ADOPTION to determine if all known seismic an d other geologic hazards are addressed. 2023 Planning
GEO-

1.14 The City of Lynwood shall promote the strengthening of planned utilities, retrofit and rehabilitation of existing weak structures and lifeline utilities, and relocation or strengthening of certain critical facilities to increase public safety and minimize potential damage from seismic and geologic hazards.

Ongoing Planning
Engineering
FLD-1 Protect Lynwood from potential flood hazards.

Policy The following policies are to be inserted after Section 5.9.6 FLD-

1.1 Emergency Plan – The City of Lynwood shall site critical public facilities, including hospital and healthcare facilities, emergency shelters, police and fire stations, and emergency communications facilities, outside the tsunami evacuation zone and 100-year flood plain.

Ongoing Planning
Sheriff
Fire Protection
FLD-

1.2 Debris Management – The City of Lynwood shall develop strategies for debris management for severe storm events.
2023 Public Works
FLD-

1.3 Water Resources Management and Conservation – The City of Lynwood shall identify water resources management and conservation opportunities. 2023 Public Works
FLD-

1.4 Designated Floodplains – The City of Lynwood shall enhance data and map floodplain information within the City and identify and map flood -prone areas outside designated floodplains.
2023 Planning
Engineering
FLD-

1.5 Surface Water Drainage – The City of Lynwood shall identify surface water drainage obstructions for all parts of the City.
2023 Public Works
Engineering
FLD-

1.6 Whittier Narrows Dam Emergency Action Plan – The City of Lynwood shall acquire the latest Emergency Action Plan for the Whittier Narrows Dam and participate in annual training about Dam emergencies
2023 Planning
FLD-

1.7 Dam Failure Hazards – The City of Lynwood shall increase public awareness of dam failure hazards and mitigation measu9res to address them.
2023 Planning
FLD-

1.8 The City of Lynwood shall continue to maintain the City’s underground reservoir. Ongoing Public Works WTR-1 Conserve and ensure adequate water supply for the City of Lynwood.

Policy The following policies are to be inserted after Flood Policies WTR-

1.1 Emergency Water Supply – The City of Lynwood shall assist St. Francis Hospital with emergency water supply needs.

Ongoing Public Works
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38 WTR-

1.2 Water Resources Management and Conservation – The City of Lynwood shall identify water resources management and conservation opportunities. 2023 Planning
Public Works
WTR-

1.3 Underground Reservoir – The City of Lynwood shall continue to maintain the City’s underground reservoir.

Ongoing Public Works
CC-1 Address the causes of climate change through energy and transportation policies focused on government operation and community-wide activities.

Policy The following policies are to be inserted after Section 5.11.3 CC-1.1 The City of Lynwood shall prioritize implementing actions that would reduce greenhouse gas emissions and build resilience to climate change impacts. Such actions should emphasize provision of multiple benefits.

Ongoing Planning
CC-1.2 The City of Lynwood shall prioritize implementing actions that promote equity in availability of techniques that address adaptation to climate change. These actions should protect the community members most vulnerable to impacts of climate change.

Ongoing Planning
CC-1.3 The City of Lynwood shall prioritize natural and green infrastructure actions to enhance and protect natural resources within the City’s urban environment.

Ongoing Planning
Engineering
CC-1.4 The City of Lynwood should base all policy, planning and investment decisions on the best science available in consideration of future climate conditions.

Ongoing Administration
Planning

CC-1.5 The City of Lynwood should take immediate actions to reduce present and near -future climate change risks for all City residents and businesses. 2023 Administration
Planning
Public Works
CC-1.6 The City of Lynwood shall enact measures to reduce vehicle miles traveled in the City by making cycling, walking, public transit, and other sustainable mobility modes significant components of the mainstream circulation system.
2023 Planning

CC-1.7 The City of Lynwood shall ensure new development is “green” development; that is, that new development is oriented toward transit and coupled with enhancements to green and open space, urban forestry efforts, and water conservation actions.

Ongoing Planning

CC-1.8 The City of Lynwood shall reduce conventional energy use in residences, businesses, and public institutions through facilitating high-quality energy efficiency retrofits.

Ongoing Planning
Engineering
CC-1.9 The City of Lynwood shall increase energy efficiency and renewable energy use in public buildings.

Ongoing Administration
Planning
Engineering
CC-

1.10 The City of Lynwood shall develop information and programs that enhance recycling, composting, and source reduction services for residential and non-residential buildings. 2023 Planning
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39 Information
Technology
CC-

1.11 The City of Lynwood shall expand efforts to eliminate waste at its source by limiting use of plastic bags.
2023 Administration
Planning
CC-

1.12 The City of Lynwood shall launch a coordinated outreach and climate change adaptation and greenhouse gas emissions reduction education campaign to mobilize residents, businesses, and industry.

Ongoing Planning

CC-

1.13 The City of Lynwood shall work with the school district to expand opportunities students have to learn about and address climate change.

Ongoing Planning

CC-

1.14 The City of Lynwood shall work to increase awareness and action in the City government by providing training on how to increase sustainability at home and in the work place.

Ongoing Planning

CC-

1.15 The City shall partner with appropriate public agencies and private industry to develop a plan of action related to climate change adaptation.

Ongoing Administration
Planning

CC-

1.16 The City of Lynwood shall encourage housing development (including development of affordable housing) in areas of the City best served by transit.

Ongoing Planning

CC-

1.17 The City of Lynwood shall require new developments in identified areas to contribute to street-level open space on-site or in the public realm.

Ongoing Planning

CC-

1.18 The City of Lynwood shall promote tree planting, landscaping, and creation of green and open space that is safe, attractive, and that helps restore natural processes.

Ongoing Planning

CC-

1.19 The City of Lynwood shall expand and improve Lynwood’s bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure.

Ongoing Planning
Engineering
CC-

1.20 The City of Lynwood shall incorporate bicycles into municipal operations. Ongoing Administration Planning
CC-

1.21 The City of Lynwood shall expand and integrate community shuttle bus networks. Ongoing Administration Planning
CC-

1.22 The City of Lynwood shall work with regional and local community partners to provide sustained outreach and education to Lynwood residents pertaining to alternative forms of transportation.

Ongoing Administration
Planning

CC-

1.23 The City of Lynwood shall increase fuel efficiency and use of alternative fuels in the City’s government fleet.

Ongoing Administration
Public Works
CC-

1.24 The City of Lynwood shall encourage use of alternative transportation by City employees and elected officials.

Ongoing Administration
Public Works
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5.13 SUPPLEMENT TO SAFETY ELEMENT –

DEFINITIONS

Biological Agents – The FBI Weapons of Mass Destruction Incident Contingency Plan defines biological agents as microorganisms or toxins from living organisms with infectious or noninfectious properties that produce lethal or serious effects in plants and animals.

Chemical Agents – The FBI Weapons of Mass Destruction Incident Contingency Plan defines chemical agents as solids, liquids, or gases with chemical properties that produce lethal or severe effects on plants and animals.

Climate Mitigation (Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions) – A human intervention to reduce human impact on the climate system; includes strategies to reduce greenhouse gas sources and emissions and enhance greenhouse gas sinks . Greenhouse gas sinks are anything, natural or otherwise, that accumulate and store some carbon -containing chemical compounds for an indefinite period and thereby removes carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.

Consequence Management – The Federal Emergency Management Agency defines consequence management as measures to protect public health and safety, restore essential government services, and provide emergency relief to governments, businesses, and individuals affected by terrorism.

Crisis Management – The FBI defines crisis management as measures to identify, acquire and plan the use of resources needed to anticipate, prevent, and resolve a threat or act of terrorism.

Critical Facility – A facility that either (1) provides emergency services; or (2) houses or serves many people who would be injured or killed in case of disaster damage to the facility (e.g., hospitals; fire stations; police and emergency services facilities; utility facilit ies; communication facilities).

Damage Assessment – Estimation of damages made after a disaster has occurred, which serves as the basis of the City Executive’s request to the Governor for a Declaration of Emergency or major Disaster.

Disaster Analysis – The collection, reporting , and analysis of disaster-related damages to determine the damage’s impact and facilitate emergency management of resources and services to the impacted area.

Emergency – “Any tornado, storm, flood, high water, wind -driven water, tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, mudslide snowstorm, drought, fire, explosion, or other catastrophes which require emergency assistance to save lives and protect public health and safety or to avert or lessen the threat of a major disaster.” (Public Law 93-288)

Emergency Alert System – Consists of broadcasting stations and interconnecting facilities that have been authorized by the Federal Communications Commission to operate in a controlled manner during emergencies.
260
Supplement to Safety Element
FINAL City of Lynwood
AUGUST 2024 Supplement to Safety Element

41 Emergency Management – Preparation for and carrying out all emergency functions, other than functions for which military forces are primarily responsible, to minimize injury and repair damage resulting from disasters caused by natural or man-made causes.

Emergency Operations Center ( EOC) – A designated site from which public, private, or voluntary agency officials can coordinate emergency operations in support of on -scene responders.

Emergency Operations Plans – Plans prepared by county and municipal governments in advance and in anticipation of disasters to ensure effective management and delivery of aid to disaster victims and disaster prevention, warning, emergency response, and recovery.

Emergency Protective Measures – Those efforts to protect life and property against anticipated and occurring effects of a disaster. These activities generally occur after a disaster warning, if any, and throughout the incident period.

Emergency Worker – Any person who is registered with a state or local emergency management organization and holds an identification card issued by the state or local emergency management director to engage in authorized emergency management or who is an employee of the State of California or any political subdivision thereof who is called upon to perform emergency tasks.

Extreme Weather Event – Mostly defined as lying in the most unusual 10 percent of a place’s history.

Fault – A fracture or zone of closely associated fractures along which rocks on one side have been displaced concerning those on the other side; a fault zone is a zone of related faults that commonly are braided but which may be branching; a fault trace is a line formed by the intersection of a fault and the earth’s surface.

Active Fault – A fault exhibited surface displacement within Holocene time (approximately the past 11,000 years).

Potentially Active Fault – A fault that shows surface displacement during the Quaternary time (the last 2 million years).

Flooding – A rise in the level of a water body or rapid accumulation of runoff, including related mudslides and land subsidence, that results in temporary inundation of land that usually is dry; riverine flooding, coastal flooding, mudflows, lake flooding, alluvial fan flooding, flash flooding, levee failures, tsunamis, and fluvial stream flooding are among the many forms flooding takes.

Ground Failure – Mudslide, landslide, liquefaction, or soil compaction

Hazardous Building – A building that may be hazardous to life in the event of an earthquake because of partial or complete collapse; hazardous buildings may include the following:
• Those constructed before the adoption and enforcement of local codes requiring earthquake-resistant building design
• Those constructed of unreinforced masonry
261
Supplement to Safety Element
FINAL City of Lynwood
AUGUST 2024 Supplement to Safety Element

42 • Those who exhibit any of the following characteristics:
o Exterior parapets or ornamentation;
o Exterior walls not anchored to the floors, roof, or foundation; o Sheeting on roofs or floors incapable of withstanding lateral loads; o Large openings in walls that may cause damage from torsional forces; o Lack of an effective system to resist lateral forces; and o Non-ductile concrete frame construction

Hazardous Material – A dangerous substance, including pesticides, herbicides, toxic metals and chemicals, liquefied natural gas, explosives, volatile chemicals, and nuclear fuels.

Hazards Identification and Vulnerability Analysis (HIVA) – Assessment of natural and technological (man-made) hazards in the City of Lynwood is the initial step in the emergency management process that leads to mitigation against, preparedness for, response to, and recovery from hazards.

Individual Assistance – Financial or other aid provided to private citizens to help alleviate hardship and suffering and intended to facilitate the resumption of their normal way of life before the Disaster.

Joint Field Office – A center established in the disaster area where individual disaster victims may receive information concerning available assistance and apply for programs for which they are eligible. A Disaster Recovery Center should house representatives of Federal, State, and local agencies that deal directly with the needs of the individual victim.

Joint Information Center – A facility used by the affected jurisdiction to jointly coordinate public information functions during an emergency.

Landslide – A general term for a falling, sliding, or flowing mass of soil, rocks, water, and debris; includes mudslides, debris flows, and debris torrents.

Liquefaction – A process by which water-saturated granular soils transform from a solid to a liquid state during strong ground shaking.

Major Disaster – “Any hurricane, tornado, storm, flood, high water, wind-driven water, tidal wave, tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, mudslide, snowstorm, drought, fire, explosion, or other catastrophes in any part of the United States which, in the determination of the President, causes the damage of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant Major Disaster assistance under PL 93-288, above and beyond emergency management by the federal government, to supplement the efforts and available resources of state s, local governments, and disaster relief organizations in alleviating the damage, loss, hardship, or suffering caused thereby.” (Public Law 93-288)

Maladaptation – Any changes in natural or human systems that inadvertently increase vulnerability to climatic stimuli; an adaptation that fails in reducing exposure but instead increases it.

262
Supplement to Safety Element
FINAL City of Lynwood
AUGUST 2024 Supplement to Safety Element

43 National Warning System (NAWAS) – The federal portion of the Civil Defense Warning System is used to disseminate warnings and other emergency information from the FEMA National or Regional Warning Centers to Warning Points in each state. Also used by the State Warning Points to give information to local Primary Warning Points . Provides warning information to state and local jurisdictions concerning severe weather, earthquake, flooding, and other activities that affect public safety.

Natural Infrastructure – Preservation or restoration of ecological systems, or utilization of engineered systems that use ecological processes, to increase resiliency to climate change, manage other environmental hazards or both; may include but not be limited to floodplain and wetlands restoration or preservation, combining levees with restored natural systems to reduce flood risk, and urban tree planting to mitigate high heat days.

Peak-Load Water Supply – Supply of water available to meet domestic water and firefighting needs during the season and time of day when domestic water demand on a water system is at its peak.

Preliminary Damage Assessment – The joint local, state , and Federal analysis of the damage that has occurred during a disaster may result in a Presidential declaration of Disaster. The Preliminary Damage Assessment is documented through surveys, photographs, and other written information.

Preliminary Damage Assessment Team – An ad hoc group that comes together after a disaster whose primary purpose is to determine the appropriate disaster declaration level . The team usually consists of Federal, State, and local representatives to do an initial damage evaluation of sites damaged.

Resilience – The ability of a social or ecological system to absorb disturbances while retaining the same basic structure and ways of functioning , the capacity for self -organization, and the capacity to adapt to stress and change.

SARA TITLE III – A major section of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act entitled the “Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-know Act of 1986.” Law requires establishing state and local planning jurisdictions, State Emergency Response Commissions, and Local Emergency Planning Committees and conducting emergency planning for hazardous materials incidents. It requires (1) site-specific planning for highly hazardous substances, (2) participation in the planning process by facilities storing or using hazardous substances, and (3) notifications to the Commission or Committee of releases of specified hazardous substances. It also provides information on hazardous chemicals and emergency plans for hazardous chemical events to the public, known as TIER II reports.

Seiche – An earthquake-induced wave in a lake, reservoir, or harbor.

Seismic Hazard Zone – A regulatory zone delineated by the California State Geologist . Site- specific geologic, soil and foundation engineering studies are required to identify and avoid earthquake-caused ground failure hazards or selected other earthquake hazards before subdivision of land and construction of most structures for human occupancy. 263
Supplement to Safety Element
FINAL City of Lynwood
AUGUST 2024 Supplement to Safety Element

44 Standard Operating Procedure – A ready and continuous reference to those roles, relationships, and procedures within an organization used to accomplish broad or specialized functions that augment the Emergency Operations Plan.

Storm Surge – An abnormal rise of water generated by a storm, over and above predicted astronomical tides.

Subsidence – The gradual, local settling or sinking of the earth’s surface with little or no horizontal motion (usually the result of gas, oil, or water extraction, hydro compaction, or peat oxidation, and not the result of a landslide or slope failure).

Seismically Induced Surface Rupture – A break in the ground surface and associated deformation resulting from movement of a fault.

Terrorist Incident – The FBI defines a terrorist incident as a violent act, or an act dangerous to human life, in violation of criminal laws of the United States or any State, to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof in furtherance of poli tical or social objectives.

Tsunami – A wave, commonly called a tidal wave, is caused by an underwater seismic disturbance such as sudden faulting, landslide, or volcanic activity.

Utility – Structures or systems of any power, water storage, supply and distribution, sewage collection and treatment, telephone, transportation, or other similar public services.

Voluntary Organizations Active in Disasters – Any chartered or otherwise duly recognized tax- exempt local, state, a national organization, or group which has provided or may provide services to the state, local governments, or individuals in a major disaster or emergency.

Weapons of Mass Destruction – Title 18, USC 2332a, defines a weapon of mass destruction as (1) any destructive device as defined in section 921 of this title, [which reads] any explosive, incendiary, or poison gas, bomb, grenade, rocket having a propellant charge of more than four ounces, missile having an explosive or incendiary charge of more than one -quarter ounce, mine or device similar to the above; (2) poison gas; (3) any weapon involving a diseas e organism; or, (4) any weapon designed to release radiation or radioactivity at a level dangerous to human life.

Wildland Fire – A fire occurring in a suburban or rural area containing uncultivated lands, timber, range, watershed, brush, or grasslands; includes sites containing wildland-urban interface, where there is a mingling of developed and undeveloped lands.

264
Supplement to Safety Element
FINAL City of Lynwood
AUGUST 2024 Supplement to Safety Element

45 5.14 SUPPLEMENT TO SAFETY ELEMENT –

LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN

The Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) for the City of Lynwood planning area was developed in accordance with the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000) and followed FEMA’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan guidance. The LHMP incorporates a process where hazards are identified and profiled, the people and facilities at risk are analyzed, and mitigation actions are developed to reduce or eliminate hazard risk. The implementation of these mitiga tion actions, which include both short and long -term strategies, involve planning, policy changes, programs, potential projects, and other activities. The latest FEMA -approved, City-adopted Local Hazard Mitigation Plan is adopted and incorporated in its entirety into this Safety Element of the Lynwood General Plan and is viewable on the following web page: https://www.lynwoodca.gov/349/General-Plan- and-Related-Documents.
265

This space for filing stamp only
DC# :

(When required)
RECORDING REQUESTED BY AND MAIL TO:

D A I L Y C O M M E R C E
~ SINCE 1917 ~

915 E. First Street, Los Angeles, California 90012
Mailing Address: P.O. Box 54026, Los Angeles, California 90054-0026 Telephone (213) 229-5300 / Fax (213) 680-3682

PROOF OF PUBLICATIONPROOF OF PUBLICATIONPROOF OF PUBLICATIONPROOF OF PUBLICATION

(2015.5 C.C.P.)

State of California )
County of Los Angeles ) ss
Notice Type:

Ad Description:

I am a citizen of the United States and a resident of the County of Los Angeles; I am over the age of eighteen years, and not a party to or interested in the above entitled matter. I am the principal clerk of the printer and publisher of the DAILY COMMERCE, a daily newspaper published in the English language in the City of Los Angeles, and adjudged a newspaper of general circulation as defined by the laws of the State of California by the Superior Court of the County of Los Angeles, State of California, under date of June 17, 1952, Case No. 599,760. That the notice, of which the annexed is a printed copy, has been published in each regular and entire issue of said newspaper and not in any supplement thereof on the following dates, to-wit:

Executed on: 10/15/2004
At Los Angeles, California

I certify (or declare) under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.

Signature

D A I L Y C O M M E R C E
~ SINCE 1917 ~
915 E FIRST ST, LOS ANGELES, CA 90012
(213) 229-5300 (213) 229-5481
DC 3859412

CITY OF LYNWOOD/PLANNING DEPT/CODE ENFORCE
11330 BULLIS ROAD
LYNWOOD, CA - 90262

GPN - GOVT PUBLIC NOTICE
CC Hearing Notice GPA 2024-02
I am a citizen of the United States and a resident of the State of California; I am over the age of eighteen years, and not a party to or interested in the above entitled matter. I am the principal clerk of the printer and publisher of the DAILY COMMERCE, a newspaper published in the English language in the city of LOS ANGELES, county of LOS ANGELES, and adjudged a newspaper of general circulation as defined by the laws of the State of California by the Superior Court of the County of LOS ANGELES, State of California, under date 10/30/1981, Case No. 599760. That the notice, of which the annexed is a printed copy, has been published in each regular and entire issue of said newspaper and not in any supplement thereof on the following dates, to-wit:
10/04/2024
10/04/2024
!A000006884959!
Email
AGENDA
City Council Regular Meeting TO BE

HELD ON
October 15, 2024

CITY COUNCIL NOTICE OF PUBLIC

HEARING NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN
THAT a public hearing will be held by the
City Council of the City of Lynwood to
consider the following: General Plan
Amendmen t GPA 2024 -02: To adopt a
new Environmental Justice Element, and
To update the Safety Element Project
Location: Citywide Applicant/Owner: City
of Lynwood Hearing and Date Tuesday,
October 15, 2024 Hearing Time: 6:00 p.m.
(or soon thereafter as the matter m ay be
heard) Hearing Place: In -Person Public
Meeting COUNCIL CHAMBERS - 11350
BULLIS RD. LYNWOOD, CA 90262
Persons interested in reviewing the staff
report, proposed Environmental Justice
Element, proposed Safety Element
updates, and associated materials m ay do
so by contacting Karen Figueredo,
Planning Associate, at (310) 603 -0220,
Ext 247 or Alfredo Perez, Senior Planner,
at (310) 603 -0220, Ext. 249; the City
Clerk's Office at (310) 603 -0220, Ext. 523;
or by visiting the City's website at
https://www.lynw oodca.gov. Individuals
wishing to comment on the proposed item
must do so in writing. The City of
Lynwood intends to provide reasonable
accommodations in accordance with the
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. If
special accommodations are required,
please contact Karen Figueredo, Planning
Associate, at (310) 603 -0220, Ext 247 or
Alfredo Perez, Senior Planner, at (310)
603 -0220, Ext. 249 or via email at
[email protected] and/or
[email protected] at least 48 hours
prior to the public hearing date. NOTICE
IS FURTHER GIVEN that on Tuesday,
October 15, 2024, at the hour of 6:00
p.m., or soon thereafter as the matter may
be heard, the City Council of the City of
Lynwood will hold a public hearing for the
solicitation of public comment on the
above -referenced matter. All interested
persons may attend at said time and
testify in this matter. NOTICE IS
FURTHER GIVEN that if you challenge
the aforementioned action in court, you
may be limited to raising only those issues
you or someone else raised at t he public
hearing described in this notice, or in
written correspondence delivered to the
City at, or prior to the public hearing.

DATED THIS 5th DAY OF OCTOBER
2024.
10/4/24
DC -3859412#
266
1 RESOLUTION NO. 3461

A RESOLUTION OF THE PLANNING COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF

LYNWOOD, COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA,

RECOMMENDING THAT THE CITY COUNCIL APPROVE GENERAL
PLAN AMENDMENT NO. GPA 2024- 02 TO UPDATE THE SAFETY

ELEMENT AND ADOPT AN ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ELEMENT TO

THE GENERAL PLAN

WHEREAS, pursuant to California Government Code Section 65358, the legislative body of a city may amend all or part of an adopted general plan if it deems it to be in the public interest; and

WHEREAS, the Safety Element is a mandatory component of the General Plan in accordance with state law. The purpose of the Safety Element is to protect the community from unreasonable risks associated with hazards affecting the community.

State law requires the City’s Safety Element to be revised and updated upon the City of Lynwood’s recent adoption of a revised Local Hazard Mitigation Plan; and

WHEREAS, the update of the Safety Element will also enable the City of Lynwood to be eligible to be considered for part or all of its 25% local-share costs on eligible Public Assistance projects to be provided by the state through the California Disaster Assistance Act (CDAA) as provided by Assembly Bill No. 2140 (2006); and

WHEREAS, an Environmental Justice Element (or related goals, policies, and objectives integrated in other elements) is required by state law for Lynwood upon the adoption or next revision of two or more general plan elements concurrently. The purpose of the City of Lynwood Environmental Justice Element is to establish goals and policies and define actions that the City of Lynwood can take to reduce the unique or compounded health risks in disadvantaged communities in the City; and

WHEREAS, the City of Lynwood is committed to fair treatment of people of all races, cultures, and incomes in the City’s planning, projects, and programs , and is committed to environmental justice for disadvantaged communities in the City; and

WHEREAS,
the City of Lynwood, to comply with state general plan law, to protect the community from safety hazards, to promote environmental justice, and to be eligible for additional state Public Assistance project funding , is initiating General Plan Amendment GPA 2024-02 to amend the City of Lynwood General Plan with the following components:
• Adoption of the City of Lynwood Supplement to General Plan 2002 Public Safety Element- Final August 2024, which includes language adopting the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan into the Safety Element; and • Adoption of the City of Lynwood Environmental Justice Element - February 2023

267
2 WHEREAS, the Planning Commission has reviewed and considered the staff report and environmental documentation included in the accompanying materials prior to acting on the proposed general plan amendment. The staff report, safety element update, environmental justice element, and environmental determination is on file and available through the Community Development Department at Lynwood City Hall; and

WHEREAS, a public hearing notice was published in the Lynwood Press Wave on August 29, 2024, announcing that the Lynwood Planning Commission will conduct a public hearing to consider a general plan amendment to adopt a new Environmental Justice Element and to update the Safety Element. In addition, the notice was posted at three (3) public locations, which included inside City Hall, outside City Hall at the kiosk, and on the City’s website; and

WHEREAS, on September 10, 2024, the Planning Commission conducted a duly noticed public hearing on the proposed action and considered public testimony and materials in the staff report and accompanying documents, at which time all interested parties were given full opportunity to be heard; and

NOW, THEREFORE , THE P LANNING COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF

LYNWOOD DOES HEREBY FIND, DETERMINE, ORD ER AND RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS:

Section 1. The above recitals are all true and correct and incorporated herein.

Section 2. The Planning Commission hereby finds and determines that the proposed general plan amendment is not subject to the California Environmental Quality Act (Public Resources Code Section 21000, et seq.) (CEQA) pursuant to Section 15061(b)(3) of the State CEQA Guidelines because there is no possibility that it may have a significant effect on the environment , in that the proposed general plan elements do not contain any specific commitments to projects that would physically change the environment.

Section 3. The Planning Commission hereby finds and determines that the proposed general plan amendment will fulfill the requirements of the California Government Code for the safety element and environmental justice in the general plan, and enable the City of Lynwood to be eligible for additional state funding as provided by Assembly Bill No. 2140 (2006).

Section 4. Based upon all testimony and comments from the public, an examination and review of the record and reports from staff, t he Planning Commission hereby finds and determines the following:
a) That the proposed general plan amendment is in the public interest and that there will be a community benefit resulting from the amendment, in that City adoption of the amendment will fulfill the requirements for the City’s compliance with state general plan law , promote public health and safety, and enable the City to be eligible for additional state funding.
268
3 b) That the proposed general plan amendment is consistent with the goals, policies, and objectives of the gen eral plan, in that the proposed safety element update and e nvironmental justice element align internally with the general plan, are consistent with or add to existing General Plan Public Safety Element goals, policies, and implementation measures, and further these public health and safety goals.
c) That the proposed general plan amendment will not conflict with provisions of the zoning code, subdivision regulations, or any applicable specific plan, in that the proposed amendment does not add requirements, procedures, or standards that conflict with the zoning code, subdivision regulations, or any applicable specific plan.

Section 5. For the foregoing reasons, the Planning Commission recommends that the City Council approve General Plan Amendment No. GPA 2024-02 based on the above findings.

Section 6. The Planning Commission Secretary shall certify to the adoption of this resolution and hereafter the same shall be in full force and effect.

(Signatures on the Next Page)

269
4 PASSED, APPROVED and ADOPTED this 10th day of September 2024.

______________________________
Lorraine Moore
Chair

APPROVED AS TO FORM: APPROVED AS TO CONTENT:

__________________________ ______________________________ Noel Tapia Gabriel Linares
City Attorney Director of Community Development

270
5 STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
)

COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES )

I, the undersigned, City Clerk of the City of Lynwood, do hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution was passed and adopted by the Planning Commission of the City of Lynwood at a regular meeting held on the 10th day of September 2024, and passed by the following votes:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSTAIN:

ABSENT:

________________________
Maria Quinonez, City Clerk

STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
)

COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES )

I, the undersigned, City Clerk of the City of Lynwood, and the Clerk of the Planning Commission of said City, do hereby certify that the above foregoing is a full, true and correct copy of Resolution No. 3458 on file in my office and that said Resolution was adopted on the date and by the vote therein stated. Dated this 10th day of September 2024.

________________________
Maria Quinonez, City Clerk

271
1 RESOLUTION NO. _______

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LYNWOOD APPROVING GENERAL PLAN AMENDMENT NO. GPA 2024-02 TO

UPDATE THE SAFETY ELEMENT AND ADOPT AN ENVIRONMENTAL

JUSTICE ELEMENT TO THE GENERAL PLAN

RECITALS
WHEREAS, pursuant to California Government Code Section 65358, the legislative body of a city may amend all or part of an adopted general plan if it deems it to be in the public interest; and
WHEREAS, the Safety Element is a mandatory component of the General Plan in accordance with state law. The purpose of the Safety Element is to protect the community from unreasonable risks associated with hazards affecting the community. State law requires the City's Safety Element to be revised and updated upon the City of Lynwood's recent adoption of a revised Local Hazard Mitigation Plan; and WHEREAS, the update of the Safety Element will also enable the City of Lynwood to be eligible to be considered for part or all of its 25% local-share costs on eligible Public Assistance projects to be provided by the state through the California Disaster Assistance Act (CDAA) as provided by Assembly Bill No. 2140 (2006); and WHEREAS, an Environmental Justice Element (or related goals, policies, and objectives integrated in other elements) is required by state law for Lynwood upon the adoption or next revision of two or more general plan elements concurrently. The purpose of the City of Lynwood Environmental Justice Element is to establish goals and policies and define actions that the City of Lynwood can take to reduce the unique or compounded health risks in disadvantaged communities in the City; and WHEREAS, the City of Lynwood is committed to fair treatment of people of all races, cultures, and incomes in the City's planning, projects, and programs, and is committed to environmental justice for disadvantaged communities in the City; and WHEREAS, the City of Lynwood, to comply with state general plan law, to protect the community from safety hazards, to promote environmental justice, and to be eligible for additional state Public Assistance project funding, is initiating General Plan Amendment GPA 2024-02 to amend the City of Lynwood General Plan with the following components:
 Adoption of the City of Lynwood Supplement to General Plan 2002 Public Safety Element- Final August 2024, which includes language adopting the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan into the Safety Element; and 272
2  Adoption of the City of Lynwood Environmental Justice Element- February 2023
WHEREAS, on September 10, 2024, the City’s Planning Commission held a public hearing, and reviewed and considered the staff report and environmental documentation and public testimony, and adopted a resolution recommending the City Council approve General Plan Amendment No. GPA 2024-02 (Attachment ___); and WHEREAS, a public hearing notice was published in the Daily Commerce on October 4, 2024, 2024, announcing that the City Council will conduct a public hearing to consider a general plan amendment to adopt a new Environmental Justice Element and to update the Safety Element. In addition, the notice was posted at three (3) public locations, which included inside City Hall, outside City Hall at the kiosk, and on the City's website; and
WHEREAS, on October 15, 2024, the City Council conducted a duly noticed public hearing on the proposed action and considered public testimony and materials in the staff report and accompanying documents, at which time all interested parties were given full opportunity to be heard.

NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LYNWOOD DOES HEREBY FIND, PROCLAIM, ORDER, AND RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS:

Section 1. The City Council hereby finds and determines that all of the above Recitals are true and correct and incorporates such Recitals into this Resolution.

Section 2. The City Council also hereby finds and determines that the proposed general plan amendment is not subject to the California Environmental Quality Act (Public Resources Code Section 21000, et seq.) (CEQA) pursuant to Section 15061(b)(3) of the State CEQA Guidelines because there is no possibility that it may have a significant effect on the environment, in that the proposed general plan elements do not contain any specific commitments to projects that would physically change the environment.

Section 3. Based upon all testimony and comments from the public, an examination and review of the record and reports from staff, the City Council hereby makes the following findings and determinations pursuant to Article 110 of Chapter 25 Zoning of the Lynwood Municipal Code:
a) That the proposed General Plan Amendment GPA 2024-02 (“Amendment”) is in the public interest and that there will be a community benefit resulting from the Amendment, in that City adoption of the Amendment will fulfill the requirements for the City's compliance with state general plan law, promote public health and safety, and enable the City to be eligible for additional state funding. b) That the proposed Amendment is consistent with the goals, policies, and objectives of the general plan, in that the proposed safety element update and 273
3 environmental justice element align internally with the general plan, are consistent with or add to existing General Plan Public Safety goals, policies, and implementation measure, and further these public health and safety goals c) That the proposed Amendment will not conflict with provisions of the zoning code, subdivision regulations, or any applicable specific plan, in that the proposed amendment does not add requirements, procedures, or standards that conflict with the zoning code, subdivision regulations, or any applicable specific plan.

Section 4. Based on the findings and determinations included herein, the City Council hereby approves of General Plan Amendment GPA 2024-02.

Section 5. The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of this Resolution and hereafter the same shall be in full force and effect.

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this ____ day of ________ 2024. ________________________________
Oscar Flores, Mayor
ATTEST:
___________________________ ______________________________ María Quiñónez, City Clerk Julian Lee, Interim City Manager APPROVED AS TO FORM: APPROVED AS TO CONTENT:
__________________________ ______________________________ Noel Tapia, City Attorney Gabriel Linares,
Community Development Director
274

AGENDA STAFF REPORT

DATE:

October 15, 2024
TO:

Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
APPROVED BY:

Julian Lee, Interim City Manager
PREPARED BY:

Harry Wong, Director of Finance & Administration
Mohammad Islam, Accounting Technician
SUBJECT:

APPROVAL OF THE WARRANT REGISTER
10-15-2024-CC - WARRANT
RESOLUTION TEMPLATE-2024.pdf
WARRANT RUN 10-15-2024-CC.pdf
Agenda Item # 9.1.

Recommendation:

Staff respectfully recommends that the City Council of the City of Lynwood approve the warrant register dated October 15,2024 for FY 2024-2025 Background:

N/A
Discussion and Analysis:

N/A
Fiscal Impact:

FY 2024-2025
Coordinated With:

City Manager's Office
City Attorney's Office
ATTACHMENTS:

Description
City Council City Council Regular Meeting 275
RESOLUTION NO. 2024.xxx

Warrant Registers Dated 10-15-2024

PASSED, APPROVED and ADOPTED this 15th day of October 2024.

Jose Luis Solache, Mayor

ATTEST:

__________________________
Maria Quiňonez, Julian Lee,
City Clerk Interim City Manager

APPROVED AS TO FORM: APPROVED AS TO CONTENT:

________
Noel Tapia, Harry Wong,
City Attorney Director of Finance and Administration

276

STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
) §

COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES )

I, Maria Quinonez, the undersigned, City Clerk of the City of Lynwood, do hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution was passed and adopted by the City Council of the City of Lynwood at a meeting held on the 15th day of October 2024.

AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS CAMACHO, FLORES, MUNOZ-GUEVARA, MAYOR

PRO TEM SOTO AND MAYOR SOLACHE

NOES: NONE

ABSENT: NONE

ABSTAIN: NONE

_____________________ Date: _______________________
Maria Quiňonez,
City Clerk

STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
) §

COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES )

I, Maria Quinonez, the undersigned, City Clerk of the City of Lynwood, and the Clerk of the City Council of said City, do hereby certify that the above foregoing is a full, true and correct copy of Resolution No. 2024.xxx on file in my office and that said Resolution was adopted on the date and by the vote therein stated. Dated this 15th day of October 2024.

__________________________ Date: _________________________ Maria Quiňonez,
City Clerk

277
apCkHist Void Check Listing Page: 1
10/08/2024 11:02AM City of Lynwood
Bank code: apbank
Void Check# Date Vendor ClearNoid Date Invoice Inv. Date Amount Paid Check Total --
211648 08/14/2024 006281 CONSULTANTS, 09/30/2024 INCORRECT INV-211445 07/02/2024 10,021.62 09/30/2024 ERROR ON BANK-212014 07/01/2024 9,991.66
09/30/2024 IN000133012 07/01/2024 9,257.64
09/30/2024 IN000133014 07/01/2024 8,943.06
09/30/2024 IN000133008 07/01/2024 8,823.22
09/30/2024 IN000133017 07/01/2024 8,351.35
09/30/2024 IN000133426 07/22/2024 5,692.40
09/30/2024 IN000133015 07/01/2024 614.18
09/30/2024 IN000133462 07/22/2024 554.26
09/30/2024 IN000133013 07/01/2024 464.38
09/30/2024 IN000133018 07/01/2024 419.44
09/30/2024 IN000132507R 06/07/2024 299.60
09/30/2024 IN000133009 07/01/2024 254.66
09/30/2024 IN000133461 07/22/2024 254.66
09/30/2024 IN000133459 07/22/2024 239.68 64,181.81
211852 09/17/2024 014061 VCA ANIMAL HOSPITALS 09/30/2024 WRONG INV-212013 08/14/2024 2,000.00 09/30/2024 5869722283 07/03/2024 1,000.00
09/30/2024 5869723781 07/15/2024 1,000.00
09/30/2024 5869735063 07/24/2024 1,000.00
09/30/2024 5869737901 08/14/2024 1,000.00
09/30/2024 5869739445 08/26/2024 1,000.00
09/30/2024 5869722284 07/03/2024 876.03
09/30/2024 5869722285 07/03/2024 503.98
09/30/2024 5869736662 08/05/2024 400.00
09/30/2024 5869736850 08/06/2024 400.00
09/30/2024 5869737893 08/14/2024 400.00
09/30/2024 5869735062 07/24/2024 200.00
09/30/2024 5869735061 07/24/2024 200.00
09/30/2024 5869736344 07/27/2024 200.00
09/30/2024 5869737907 08/14/2024 200.00
09/30/2024 586937900 08/14/2024 200.00
09/30/2024 5869737897 08/14/2024 200.00
Page: 1
278
apCkHist
10/08/2024 11 :02AM
Bank code: apbank
Void Check# Date Vendor
211879 09/11/2024 008657 WASTE RESOURCES, INC.
3 checks in this report
Void Check Listing
City of Lynwood
Status ClearNoid Date Invoice Inv. Date Amount Paid
09/30/2024 SEPARATE CHECK-212034 08/14/2024 200.00
10/03/2024 SEPARATE CHECK-212035 02/29/2024 20,456.62
10/03/2024 035655-072424 07/24/2024 744.07
10/03/2024 041805-070124 07/01/2024 143.76
apbank Total:

Total Checks:

Page:2
Check Total
10,980.01
21,344.45
96,506.27
96,506.27
Page:2
279
vchlist Prepaid-Check List Page: 3
10/01/2024 10:00:51AM City of Lynwood
Bank code: apbank
Voucher Date Vendor Invoice PO# Description/Account Amount 211990 9/25/2024 013084 LE, JESSICA Ben164756 JESSICA HERRERA: PAYMENT 293.00 Total: 293.00
211991 9/25/2024 013084 LE, JESSICA Ben164933 JESSICA HERRERA: PAYMENT 293.00 Total: 293.00
211992 9/30/2024 013421 ALVAREZ, SALVADOR 013421-091824 REIMBURSEMENT- PARKING 25.00 Total: 25.00
211993 9/30/2024 001500 ASSOCIATION OF GOVERNMENTS, SCAG FY25 0112 FEES FOR SERVICES 9,189.00 Total: 9,189.00
211994 9/30/2024 006399 AT&T 000022205464 TELEPHONE SERVICES 119.34 000022229924 TELEPHONE SERVICES 777.76
000022231137 TELEPHONE SERVICES 212.69
000022266638 TELEPHONE SERVICES 28.60
000022269901 TELEPHONE SERVICES 117.01
000022269903 TELEPHONE SERVICES 30.42
000022269904 TELEPHONE SERVICES 345.06
000022269906 TELEPHONE SERVICES 86.59
000022269910 TELEPHONE SERVICES 117.01
000022269914 TELEPHONE SERVICES 30.42
000022270020 TELEPHONE SERVICES 59.29
000022270021 TELEPHONE SERVICES 59.29
000022270091 TELEPHONE SERVICES 59.29
000022330455 TELEPHONE SERVICES 1,230.39
Total: 3,273.16
211995 9/30/2024 001330 CANON FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC. 32366943-D PRINTING SERVICE EXPENSE 759.67 Total: 759.67
211996 9/30/2024 001552 CARRILLO, ROSALIA 001552-091124 REIMBURSEMENT-FIESTAS 229.44 Total: 229.44
211997 9/30/2024 000955 CENTRAL BASIN MUNICIPAL WATER LYN-AUG24 06-010182 WATER SERVICE FEE 5,131.11 Total: 5,131.11
Page: 3
280
vchlist Prepaid-Check List Page: 4
10/01/2024 10:00:51AM City of Lynwood
Bank code: apbank
Voucher Date Vendor Invoice PO# Description/Account Amount 211998 9/30/2024 014351 CW PROPRENTALS 000511 COMMUNITY ACTIVITY EXPENSE 2,916.42 Total: 2,916.42
211999 9/30/2024 01437 4 GARCIA, BRIAN 014374-091924 REIMBURSEMENT- PARKING 25.00 Total: 25.00
212000 9/30/2024 014373 GARCIA, JOSEPH V 014373-091924 REIMBURSEMENT- PARKING 25.00 Total: 25.00
212001 9/30/2024 013321 HERNANDEZ, ERNIE 013321-071424 REIMBURSEMENT-ICA SUMMER 2,004.00 Total: 2,004.00
212002 9/30/2024 014026 IBE DIGITAL 471028 12-000479 PRINTING SERVICE EXPENSE 1,642.19 Total: 1,642.19
212003 9/30/2024 014026 IBE DIGITAL 588419477 12-000479 PRINTING SERVICE EXPENSE 1,291.56 Total: 1,291.56
212004 9/30/2024 014334 OCLA CONSTRUCTION 014334-1 02-002694 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 48,800.00 014334-2 02-002694 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 5,184.00 Total: 53,984.00
212005 9/30/2024 012692 SOTO, RITA 012692-101824 PER DIEM-LEAGUE OF CALIFORNIA 185.00 Total: 185.00
212006 9/30/2024 000163 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON 000163-091724 LIGHT & POWER SERVICE 40,567.51 Total: 40,567.51
212007 9/30/2024 013288 SPECTRUM 188407901091424 UTILITY EXPENSE 219.98 Total: 219.98
212008 9/30/2024 013288 SPECTRUM 188407201091424 UTILITY EXPENSE 179.98 Total: 179.98
212009 9/30/2024 013288 SPECTRUM 188407001091424 UTILITY EXPENSE 164.58 Total: 164.58
212010 9/30/2024 011753 ST. NICK'S INV-3266 11-002352 FEES FOR SERVICES 6,431.25 Page: 4
281
vchlist Prepaid-Check List Page: 5
10/01/2024 10:00:51AM City of Lynwood
Bank code: apbank
Voucher Date Vendor Invoice PO# Description/ Account Amount 212010 9/30/2024 011753 011753 ST. NICK'S (Continued) Total: 6,431.25 212011 9/30/2024 014372 TELLEZ , DANIEL 014372-091824 REIMBURSEMENT- PARKING 25.00 Total: 25.00
212012 9/30/2024 000164 THE GAS CO. 000164-092624 GAS SERVICES 355.87 Total: 355.87
212013 9/30/2024 014061 VCA ANIMAL HOSPITALS INC 5869722283 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 1,000.00 5869722284 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 876.03
5869722285 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 503.98
5869723781 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 1,000.00
5869735061 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 200.00
5869735062 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 200.00
5869735063 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 1,000.00
5869736344 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 200.00
5869736662 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 400.00
5869736850 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 400.00
5869737893 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 400 .00
5869737895 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 200.00
5869737897 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 200.00
5869737901 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 1,000.00
5869737907 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 200.00
5869737910 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 2,000 .00
5869739445 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 1,000.00
Total : 10,780.01
212014 9/30/2024 006281 PROFESSIONAL SECURITY , IN000132507R 08-005253 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 299.60 IN000133008 08-005236 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 8,823.22 IN000133009 08-005253 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 254.66 IN000133010 08-005236 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 9,991.66 IN000133012 08-005236 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 9,257 .64 IN000133013 08-005253 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 464.38 IN000133014 08-005236 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 8,943.06 IN000133015 08-005253 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 614 .18 IN000133017 08-005236 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 8,351 .35 IN000133018 08-005253 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 419.44 Page: 5
282
vchlist
10/01/2024 10:00:51AM
Bank code: apbank
Voucher Date Vendor
212014 9/30/2024 006281 PROFESSIONAL SECURITY,
Prepaid-Check List
City of Lynwood
Invoice
(Continued)
IN000133021
IN000133426
IN000133459
IN000133461
IN000133462
PO#
-------
08-005236
08-005236
08-005253
08-005253
08-005253
Description/Account

PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES

PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES

PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES

PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES

PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES
Total :

Page: 6
Amount
10,021.62
5,692.40
239.68
254.66
554.26
64,181.81
Page: 6
283
vchlist Prepaid-Check List Page: 7
10/03/2024 1:23:17PM City of Lynwood
Bank code: apbank
Voucher Date Vendor Invoice PO# Description/Account Amount 212015 10/2/2024 014356 CA CONSULTING SERVICES LLC 2024-L YNWOOD-08 FEES FOR SERVICES 6,000.00 Total : 6,000.00
212016 10/2/2024 003372 CITY OF LYNWOOD 10-25800-04-083124 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 173.67 13-01300-04-083124 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 505.49
20-13300-03-083124 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 1,109.08
34-20800-05-083124 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 446.65
62-32300-07-091724 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 777.64
81-10530-04-083124 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 297.24
Total: 3,309.77
212017 10/2/2024 014378 ENDEL LP 3308-082424 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 730.62 Total : 730.62
212018 10/2/2024 013321 HERNANDEZ, ERNIE 2024-001 FEES FOR SERVICES 3,600.00 2024-002 FEES FOR SERVICES 3,600.00
Total: 7,200.00
212019 10/2/2024 012509 LA PASTA 03122059 01-001848 FEES FOR SERVICES 893.02 Total: 893.02
212020 10/2/2024 013945 LEE, JULIAN 013945-101824 PER DIEM- LEAGUE OF CALIFORNIA 210.00 Total: 210.00
212021 10/2/2024 000486 LIBERTY UTILITIES 200006585562-062624 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 631.65 Total: 631.65
212022 10/2/2024 006541 MARTINEZ, RIGOBERTO 006541-080824 REIMBURSEMENT 897.32 Total: 897.32
212023 10/2/2024 009298 PRINTING MULTISERVICES, GALAVIZ'S 489 FEES FOR SERVICES 60.64 512 FEES FOR SERVICES 35.28
Total: 95.92
212024 10/2/2024 000163 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON 700082497534-081224 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 1,046.50 700174991175-082624 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 71.42
700396400143-081624 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 620.24
Page: 7
284
vchlist Prepaid-Check List Page: 8
10/03/2024 1:23:17PM City of Lynwood
Bank code: apbank
Voucher Date Vendor Invoice PO# Description/Account Amount 212024 10/2/2024 000163 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON (Continued) 700407123289-091724 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 137.87
700538706419-082224 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 1,430.89
700792869758-082624 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 699.48
700850511505-090624 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 141.63
7008838833126-091724 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 1,207.38
Total : 5,355.41
212025 10/2/2024 000163 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON 19030133243-091724 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 48.01 Total : 48.01
212026 10/2/2024 000164 THE GAS CO. 05690099832-081924 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 123.74 07570116306-091924 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 67.92
10660139659-091924 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 24.35
10840130396-061424 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 991 .05
13360124427-081524 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 20.60
17100118862-091824 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 98.07
19570097303-082024 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 268.51
Total: 1,594.24
212027 10/2/2024 008657 WASTE RESOURCES , INC. 035383-090124 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 516.48 036872-090124 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 62.96
Total: 579.44
212028 10/2/2024 000164 THE GAS CO. 19030133243-091724 UTILITY ASSISTANCE 48.01 Total: 48.01
212029 10/2/2024 007551 AFSCME DISTRICT COUNCIL 36 Ben164746 ASSOCIATION DUES: PAYMENT 2,019.38 Ben164923 ASSOCIATION DUES: PAYMENT 2,019.38
Total: 4,038.76
212030 10/2/2024 013747 AMERIFLEX Ben164752 HEALTH FSA PRE-TAX: PAYMENT 907.50 Ben164929 HEALTH FSA PRE-TAX: PAYMENT 907.50
Total: 1,815.00
212031 10/2/2024 013463 CITY EMPLOYEES ASSOCIATES, LLC Ben164750 MGMT. ASSOCIATION DUES: 261 .00 Ben164927 MGMT. ASSOCIATION DUES: 261.00
Page: 8
285
vchlist
10/03/2024
Bank code:
1:23:17PM
apbank
Prepaid-Check List
City of Lynwood
Voucher Date Vendor Invoice PO# Description/Account
212031
212032
212033
212034
212035
10/2/2024 013463 013463 CITY EMPLOYEES ASSOCIATES, LLC (Continued) 10/2/2024 013730 COLONIAL LIFE & ACCIDENT,
10/2/2024 010048 LEGAL SHIELD
10/3/2024 008657 WASTE RESOURCES, INC.
10/3/2024 008657 WASTE RESOURCES, INC.
46 Vouchers for bank code :
46 Vouchers in this report
apbank
Ben164748
Ben164925
Ben164754
Ben164931
035655-072424
041805-070124
0003013166 06-010285
ACCIDENT PRETAX: PAYMENT
ACCIDENT PRETAX: PAYMENT
LEGAL SHIELD: PAYMENT
LEGAL SHIELD: PAYMENT

UTILITY ASSISTANCE

UTILITY ASSISTANCE
Total:

Total:

Total:

Total:

PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES
Total:

Bank total:

Total vouchers:

Page: 9
Amount
522.00
2,228.25
2,228.25
4,456.50

49.84 49.84

99.68 744.07
143.76
887.83
20,456.62
20,456.62
264,042.34
264,042.34
Page: 9
286
vchlist Check List Page: 10
10/08/2024 10:48:53AM City of Lynwood
Bank code: apbank
Voucher Date Vendor Invoice PO# Description/ Account Amount 212036 10/15/2024 014365 AGUEDA MUNOZ 002893-0061 C & D REFUNDABLE DEPOSIT 6,935.88 Total: 6,935.88
212037 10/15/2024 013500 AIR CONDITIONING&REFRIGERATION, 186606 REPAIRS AND MAINT EXPENSE 326.09 Total : 326.09
212038 10/15/2024 007439 ALL CITY MANAGEMENT SVCS, INC. 95536 11-002333 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 15,418.45 Total: 15,418.45
212039 10/15/2024 013738 AMAZON CAPITAL SERVICES INC 13NG-FVKJ-QK1 F SUPPLIES EXPENSE 84.77 1XRP-WYHL-3LCN SUPPLIES EXPENSE 11 .01
Total: 95.78
212040 10/15/2024 013522 AMN MANAGEMENT, INC 31 06-010280 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 19,375.00 Total: 19,375.00
212041 10/15/2024 004285 AVANT GARDE, INC. 10541 11-002353 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 1,612.50 10543 11-002356 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 4,150.00
10662 11-002353 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 1,112.50
10666 11-002356 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 1,450.00
10697 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 350.00
10707 11-002356 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 1,050.00
10708 11-002353 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 547.50
Total: 10,272.50
212042 10/15/2024 014330 AZTECA PARTY RENTAL, INC 78EC87E0 COMMUNITY ACTIVITY EXPENSE 2,394.00 Total: 2,394.00
212043 10/15/2024 001075 BOMB ENTERTAINMENT 262 EVENT SERVICE FEE 600.00 Total: 600.00
212044 10/15/2024 014178 BROWNBRIDGE CONSTRUCTION 1023 OFFICE EXPENSE 1,030.00 Total: 1,030.00
212045 10/15/2024 000300 BUBBS HARDWARE 284 06-010224 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 350.20 Total: 350.20
Page: 10
287
vchlist Check List Page: 11
10/08/2024 10:48:53AM City of Lynwood
Bank code: apbank
Voucher Date Vendor Invoice PO# Description/Account Amount 212046 10/15/2024 002561 CACEO 200031486 FEES FOR SERVICES 210.00 200031494 FEES FOR SERVICES 210.00
Total: 420.00
212047 10/15/2024 013105 CALIFORNIA STREET LIGHTING 1178 06-010286 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 2.640.00 1204 06-010286 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 10,000.00
1206 06-010286 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 21,010.00
1210 06-010286 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 8,010.00
Total: 41,660.00
212048 10/15/2024 014383 CHUELA, ANTONIO 002859-0081 REFUNDABLE DEPOSIT-EVENT 100.00 Total: 100.00
212049 10/15/2024 002319 CINDY'S JUMPERS 84307 08-005296 RENTAL EXPENSE-EVENT 1,203.00 Total: 1,203.00
212050 10/15/2024 001168 CINTAS CORPORATION NO. 2 5231675707 08-005282 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 63.25 5231675708 08-005282 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 117.38
Total: 180.63
212051 10/15/2024 010854 CONSTRUCTION, 316 ENGINEERING & 24-317-01 06-010294 REPAIRS AND MAINT EXPENSE 4,275.00 Total: 4,275.00
212052 10/15/2024 005157 CONVERSE CONSULTANTS 24-31106-30-05 06-010137 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 1,057.38 Total: 1,057.38
212053 10/15/2024 010754 COOL IMAGE WATER, DBA/ AMERICAN 2248 02-002683 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 24.75 2276 02-002683 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 8.25
2334 06-010192 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 255.75
2335 08-005283 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 85.26
2336 08-005283 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 8.25
2337 03-000456 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 41.25
2338 01-001832 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 94.50
2341 08-005283 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 49.50
2342 08-005283 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 8.25
2343 02-002683 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 24.75
2344 08-005283 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 24.75
2345 11-002339 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 165.00
Page: 11
288
vchlist Check List Page: 12
10/08/2024 10:48:53AM City of Lynwood
Bank code: apbank
Voucher Date Vendor Invoice PO# Description/Account Amount 212053 10/15/2024 010754 010754 COOL IMAGE WATER, DBA/ (Continued) Total: 790.26 212054 10/15/2024 010638 COURT OF CALIFORNIA, COUNTY OF LA 010638-AUGUST2024 COUNTY FEES 21,869.00 Total: 21,869.00
212055 10/15/2024 011977 DELGADILLO, LILIANA A. 011977-091924 COMMISSIONER'S STIPEND 50.00 Total: 50.00
212056 10/15/2024 003352 DEPT. OF JUSTICE CTRL SERVICES 758470 FEES FOR SERVICES 273.00 Total: 273.00
212057 10/15/2024 014350 DJ BAND SUPPLY 4933 08-005313 COMMUNITY ACTIVITY EXPENSE 5,400.00 Total: 5,400.00
212058 10/15/2024 014357 DOCTOR ROOTER INC. 003061-0068 PW PERMIT REFUNDABLE DEPOSIT 10,500.00 Total: 10,500.00
212059 10/15/2024 013550 EAGLE PORTABLES SANITATION LLC 12153 EVENT SERVICE FEE 1,793.65 Total: 1,793.65
212060 10/15/2024 004089 ELDER, BRUCE A. 004089-081524 08-005309 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 668.80 Total: 668.80
212061 10/15/2024 003317 FAIR HOUSING FOUNDATION Quarter 1 - August 11-002350 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 1,104.00 Quarter 1 - July 11-002350 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 873.78 Total: 1,977.78
212062 10/15/2024 001087 FANTASY FLOWERS AND GIFTS 0366 08-005285 EVENT SERVICE FEE 352.80 Total: 352.80
212063 10/15/2024 003334 FED EX 8-634-09628 MAILING EXPENSE 13.12 Total: 13.12
212064 10/15/2024 009082 FLOYD, LATASIA 009082-092624 08-005297 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 560.00 Total: 560.00
212065 10/15/2024 009038 GARY, HARDIE 009038-091924 COMMISSIONER STIPEND 50.00 Total: 50.00
Page: 12
289
vchlist Check List Page: 13
10/08/2024 10:48:53AM City of Lynwood
Bank code: apbank
Voucher Date Vendor Invoice PO# Description/Account Amount 212066 10/15/2024 013838 GEORGE, LINDA MAE 013838-091924 COMMISSIONER'S STIPEND 50.00 Total: 50.00
212067 10/15/2024 014368 GERARDO LOPEZ, JEANNETTE CRUZ 2768A REFUND-CITATION 200.00 Total: 200.00
212068 10/15/2024 014369 GERMAN REYES, NATHAN REYES 744124696 REFUND-CITATION 69.00 Total: 69.00
212069 10/15/2024 014112 GONZALEZ, CHLOE 014112-092524 08-005298 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 1,200.00 Total: 1,200.00
212070 10/15/2024 001510 GRAINGER, INC. 9255426083 06-010196 OPERATING SUPPLIES 52.84 9258581512 06-010196 OPERATING SUPPLIES 241.11
9258581520 06-010196 OPERATING SUPPLIES 109.95
9258581538 06-010196 OPERATING SUPPLIES 168.92
Total: 572.82
212071 10/15/2024 014090 GRINDLINE SKATEPARKS,INC 6449 06-010117 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 153,736.08 Total: 153,736.08
212072 10/15/2024 014367 HERNANDEZ, ALANE. 2760 REFUND-CITATION 300.00 Total: 300.00
212073 10/15/2024 003338 HILLYARD-LOS ANGELES 605603619 06-010197 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 357.81 605603620 06-010197 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 1,489.74
Total: 1,847.55
212074 10/15/2024 000676 IDEAL LIGHTING SUPPLY, INC. 125586 06-010230 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 93.71 Total : 93.71
212075 10/15/2024 000353 INFOSEND, INC. 266753 02-002689 MAILING EXPENSE 4,270.18 270112 02-002689 MAILING EXPENSE 3,203.53
Total: 7,473.71
212076 10/15/2024 014364 ISIDRA GODINEZ 001881-0051 C & D REFUNDABLE DEPOSIT 2,772.36 Total: 2,772.36
Page: 13
290
vchlist Check List Page: 14
10/08/2024 10:48:53AM City of Lynwood
Bank code: apbank
Voucher Date Vendor Invoice PO# Description/ Account Amount --
212077 10/15/2024 011853 IWATER, INC. 9997 06-010282 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 152,250.00 Total: 152,250.00
212078 10/15/2024 000844 J & G GRAPHICS 05646 OFFICE SUPPLIES 959.63 Total: 959.63
212079 10/15/2024 008254 JCL TRAFFIC SERVICES 125788 06-010287 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 255.78 126003 06-010198 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 3,588.09
Total: 3,843.87
212080 10/15/2024 009103 JHM SUPPLY, INC. 99508/3 06-010232 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 672.02 Total: 672.02
212081 10/15/2024 001269 JOHN L. HUNTER & ASSOCIATES LYN1MS412407 06-010278 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 2,476.85 Total: 2,476.85
212082 10/15/2024 013434 KILEY & ASSOCIATES,LLC 37 01-001845 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 5,000.00 Total: 5,000.00
212083 10/15/2024 003331 L.A. COUNTY SHERIFF DEPT. 250453MR 08-005291 LA COUNTY SHERIFF 3,592.08 250498MR 01-001830 LA COUNTY SHERIFF 14,930.88
Total: 18,522.96
212084 10/15/2024 014077 LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT.INC, 9094822 06-010114 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 914,272.62 Total: 914,272.62
212085 10/15/2024 006146 LOPEZ, ROSEMILLIE 006146-091924 COMMISSIONER STIPEND 50.00 Total : 50.00
212086 10/15/2024 009041 LOYA, RUUD AND ROMO, ATKINSON, 724820 05-001986 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 1,295.00 Total: 1,295.00
212087 10/15/2024 002861 MAGIC JUMP RENTALS.INC. 401901 08-005299 EQUIPMENT FOR SPECIAL EVENTS 1,909.40 Total: 1,909.40
212088 10/15/2024 001541 MARAVILLA FOUNDATION 003070-0023 REFUND-PERMIT FEE 156.00 003070-0024 REFUND- PERMIT FEE 156.00
Page: 14
291
vchlist Check List Page: 15
10/08/2024 10:48:53AM City of Lynwood
Bank code: apbank
Voucher Date Vendor Invoice PO# Description/ Account Amount 212088 10/15/2024 001541 001541 MARAVILLA FOUNDATION (Continued) Total: 312.00 212089 10/15/2024 002761 MARCO POWER EQUIPMENT 41212503 06-010234 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 375.76 Total: 375.76
212090 10/15/2024 013504 MINER, LTD 5310708732 06-010220 REPAIRS AND MAINT EXPENSE 417.80 Total: 417.80
212091 10/15/2024 010247 MINUTEMAN PRESS 20588 11-002355 PRINTING SERVICES 891 .80 20608 11-002355 PRINTING SERVICES 542.50
20681 11-002355 PRINTING SERVICES 89.00
Total: 1,523.30
212092 10/15/2024 013065 MKN & ASSOCIATES 001050000193 06-009787 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 461.00 01050000099 06-010298 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 18,080.11 103999599 06-010298 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 32,817.28 103999789 06-010298 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 15,229.78 1039999917 06-009787 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 4,686.08 10400052 06-010298 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 85,207.92 Total: 156,482.17
212093 10/15/2024 014342 MUEVETE CON ACADEMIA FE 014342-072424 08-005308 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 1,320.00 014342-082824 08-005308 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 1,464.00 014342-092824 08-005308 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 1,968.00 Total: 4,752.00
212094 10/15/2024 012270 MUNIENVIRONMENTAL, LLC 24-036 06-010297 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 9,180.00 24-044 06-010297 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 13,371.19
Total: 22,551.19
212095 10/15/2024 009647 MV CHENG & ASSOCIATES, INC. 9/30/2024 02-002691 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICE 21,840.00 9/30/2024A 02-002691 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICE 1,642.50 Total: 23,482.50
212096 10/15/2024 011922 NORTH STAR LAND CARE 1601-863 06-010204 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 26,640.00 1601-869 06-010204 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 13,820.00 Total: 40,460.00
Page: 15
292
vchlist Check List Page: 16
10/08/2024 10:48:53AM City of Lynwood
Bank code: apbank
Voucher Date Vendor Invoice PO# Description/Account Amount 212097 10/15/2024 000078 ODP BUSINESS SOLUTIONS,LLC 382325613001 11-002345 OFFICE SUPPLIES 137.71 383089239001 02-002685 OFFICE SUPPLIES 253.81
383530173001 01-001837 OFFICE SUPPLIES 114.41
385332550001 05-001992 OFFICE SUPPLIES 123.62
385333448001 05-001992 OFFICE SUPPLIES 14.15
387135121001 02-002688 OFFICE SUPPLIES 175.28
Total: 818.98
212098 10/15/2024 013636 PACIFIC ADVANCED CIVIL ENG,INC 7684-8508 06-010296 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 5,970.00 Total: 5,970.00
212099 10/15/2024 012548 PARKING COMPANY OF AMERICA INVM0019009 06-010269 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 105,822.20 Total: 105,822.20
212100 10/15/2024 014025 PARTY WHOLESALE USA LLC 31932681 COMMUNITY ACTIVITY EXPENSE 2,486.00 Total: 2,486.00
212101 10/15/2024 008307 PHOENIX GROUP INFORMATION SYS 0820241204 11-002337 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 673.10 082024204 11-002337 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 9,579.04 082024902 11-002337 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 521 .90 Total: 10,774.04
212102 10/15/2024 009298 PRINTING MUL TISERVICES, GALAVIZ'S 388 FEES FOR SERVICES 17.64 517 FEES FOR SERVICES 61 .74
Total: 79.38
212103 10/15/2024 006281 PROFESSIONAL SECURITY, IN000134115 08-005304 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 3,575.13 IN000134550 08-005304 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 12,043.32 Total: 15,618.45
212104 10/15/2024 007243 PUBLIC WORKS, LOS ANGELES COUNTY IN250000206 FEES FOR SERVICES 749.09 Total: 749.09
212105 10/15/2024 001057 RAMIREZ, JUAN E. 240831 03-000457 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 1,312.50 240926 03-000457 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 437.50
Total: 1,750.00
212106 10/15/2024 014366 REYES, EL VIA 655127810 REFUND-CITATION 113.00 Page: 16
293
vchlist Check List Page: 17
10/08/2024 10:48:53AM City of Lynwood
Bank code: apbank
Voucher Date Vendor Invoice PO# Description/Account Amount 212106 10/15/2024 014366 014366 REYES, EL VIA (Continued} Total: 113.00 212107 10/15/2024 008690 RICOH USA, INC. 5070156157 PRINTING SERVICE EXPENSE 1,167.64 Total: 1,167.64
212108 10/15/2024 005067 ROADLINE 20345 06-010242 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 2,915.16 20430 06-010242 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 1,295.83
Total: 4,210.99
212109 10/15/2024 001364 ROMERO, DIANA 001364-092824 REIMBURSEMENT- GARDEN EVENT 117.89 Total: 117.89
212110 10/15/2024 011595 ROSE EQUIPMENT REPAIR, INC. IN31892 06-010270 REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE 645.24 Total: 645.24
212111 10/15/2024 008805 RPW SERVICES, INC. 41349 06-010243 FEES FOR SERVICES 1,800.00 Total: 1,800.00
212112 10/15/2024 000075 S & J SUPPLY CO. S100237176.001 06-010206 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 1,560.87 Total: 1,560.87
212113 10/15/2024 010249 SHIPE, SHANELL 010249-111524 PER DIEM- MMASC 2024 195.00 Total: 195.00
212114 10/15/2024 008424 SIDDELL, STEPHANIE 2346 EVENT SERVICE FEE 300.00 Total: 300.00
212115 10/15/2024 008895 SWA GROUP 201823 06-010164 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 9,250.27 Total: 9,250.27
212116 10/15/2024 002938 TAJ OFFICE SUPPLY 05651 OFFICE SUPPLIES 820.87 05670 OFFICE SUPPLIES 760.73
05718 08-005287 OFFICE SUPPLIES 28.10
05739 05-001993 OFFICE SUPPLIES 167.72
05761 OFFICE SUPPLIES 212.23
Total: 1,989.65
212117 10/15/2024 013701 TAYLOR, LASHONDA 013701-092624 08-005300 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 336.00 Page: 17
294
vchlist Check List Page: 18
10/08/2024 10:48:53AM City of Lynwood
Bank code: apbank
Voucher Date Vendor Invoice PO# Description/Account Amount 212117 10/15/2024 013701 013701 TAYLOR, LASHONDA (Continued) Total: 336.00 212118 10/15/2024 001211 THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON 252-2660570 TRUSTEE FEE 1,500.00 Total: 1,500.00
212119 10/15/2024 008414 THE FLAG SHOP 21287 EVENT SERVICE FEE 392.90 Total: 392.90
212120 10/15/2024 013215 THE HOME DEPOT PRO SUPPLY WORK 827876590 06-010210 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 2,655.92 Total: 2,655.92
212121 10/15/2024 013215 THE HOME DEPOT PRO SUPPLY WORK 820799229 08-005288 SUPPLIES EXPENSE -228.44 824593545 08-005288 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 43.95
825060601 08-005288 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 256.04
827037789 08-005288 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 132.95
827061938 08-005288 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 12.86
827951815 06-010188 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 225.84
828153205 06-010188 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 288.71
Total: 731.91
212122 10/15/2024 000067 THYSSENKRUPP ELEVATOR CORP 3008153950 06-010211 FEES FOR SERVICES 1,430.09 Total: 1,430.09
212123 10/15/2024 013431 TISDALE, DEONDA 013431-091924 COMMISSIONER'S STIPEND 50.00 Total: 50.00
212124 10/15/2024 014382 TURNER, ARTHUR 002850-0046 REFUNDABLE DEPOSIT- EVENT 100.00 002995-0007 REFUNDABLE DEPOSIT- EVENT 300.00
Total: 400.00
212125 10/15/2024 013179 U.S. BANK 7447076 ADMIN FEE 1,000.00 Total: 1,000.00
212126 10/15/2024 007742 ULINE, INC. 183363579 06-010292 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 4,086.92 Total: 4,086.92
212127 10/15/2024 000166 UNDERGROUND SERVICE ALERT/SC 24-251010 06-010184 FEES FOR SERVICES 85.06 920240425 06-010184 FEES FOR SERVICES 232.00
Page: 18
295
vchlist Check List Page: 19
10/08/2024 10:48:53AM City of Lynwood
Bank code: apbank
Voucher Date Vendor Invoice PO# Description/ Account Amount 212127 10/15/2024 000166 000166 UNDERGROUND SERVICE ALERT/SC (Continued) Total: 317.06 212128 10/15/2024 009742 UNIFIRST CORPORATION 2190234311 06-010212 UNIFORM SERVICE AND SUPPLIES 78.12 2190234312 06-010212 UNIFORM SERVICE AND SUPPLIES 63.13 2190234313 06-010212 UNIFORM SERVICE AND SUPPLIES 166.11 2190234314 06-010212 UNIFORM SERVICE AND SUPPLIES 101.27 2190234315 06-010212 UNIFORM SERVICE AND SUPPLIES 125.92 219023474 06-010212 UNIFORM SERVICE AND SUPPLIES 238.30 219023475 06-010212 UNIFORM SERVICE AND SUPPLIES 119.60 2190237472 06-010212 UNIFORM SERVICE AND SUPPLIES 78.12 2190237473 06-010212 UNIFORM SERVICE AND SUPPLIES 65.57 2190237476 06-010212 UNIFORM SERVICE AND SUPPLIES 125.92 Total: 1,162.06
212129 10/15/2024 013465 UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY 90138750 06-009387 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 246.98 Total: 246.98
212130 10/15/2024 006136 VASQUEZ & COMPANY LLP 2240990-IN 02-002695 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 9,300.00 2241078A-IN 02-002695 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 150.00 2241078COR-IN 02-002695 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 12,000.00 Total: 21,450.00
212131 10/15/2024 014061 VCA ANIMAL HOSPITALS INC 5869742090 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 200.00 5869742091 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 1,000.00
5869742092 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 1,000.00
5869742522 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 200.00
5869742523 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 200.00
5869742524 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 280.57
5869742525 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 1,000.00
5869742810 11-002338 ANIMAL SERVICE EXPENSE 200.00
Total: 4,080.57
212132 10/15/2024 014116 W.G. ZIMMERMAN ENGINEERING INC 24-08-559 06-010288 PROF & CONTRACTUAL SERVICES 2,680.00 Total: 2,680.00
212133 10/15/2024 002912 WATERLINE TECHNOLOGIES.INC 5708566 06-010185 OPERATING SUPPLIES 894.02 5708568 06-010185 OPERATING SUPPLIES 337.37
5709645 06-010185 OPERATING SUPPLIES 522.92
Page: 19
296
vchlist
10/08/2024 10:48:53AM
Bank code: apbank
Voucher
212133
212134
212135
212136
212137
212138
Date Vendor
10/15/2024 002912 WATERLINE TECHNOLOGIES.INC
10/15/2024 000040 W AXIE SAN IT ARY SUPPLY
10/15/2024 000181 WHITTIER FERTILIZER COMPANY
10/15/2024 007609 WILL DAN FINANCIAL SERVICES
10/15/2024 013611 WONG , HARRY
10/15/2024 008846 YANEZ , JACQUELINE
103 Vouchers for bank code:
103 Vouchers in this report
apbank
Check List
City of Lynwood
Invoice
(Continued)
5709646
5709647
82754516
415536
010-59671
013611-091224
008846-0803
Page: 20
PO# Description/Account Amount
06-010185 OPERATING SUPPLIES 624.13
06-010185 OPERATING SUPPLIES 910.89
Total : 3,289.33
06-010249 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 1,563.68
Total: 1,563.68
06-010253 SUPPLIES EXPENSE 882.00
Total: 882.00
11-002357 FEES FOR SERVICES 4,990.00
Total: 4,990.00
REIMBURSEMENT-MILEAGE 58.96
Total: 58.96
FEES FOR SERVICES 350.00
Total: 350.00
Bank total: 1,888,989.69
Total vouchers: 1,888,989.69
Page: 20
297

AGENDA STAFF REPORT

DATE:

October 15, 2024
TO:

Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
APPROVED BY:

Julian Lee, Interim City Manager
PREPARED BY:

Maria Quinonez, City Clerk
China Oseguera, Assistant to the City Clerk.

SUBJECT:

PREVIOUS MEETING MINUTES
CC - 10.01.24 - CLOSED SESSION REG. MTG. MINUTES - SUBMITTED 10.15.24- CO.pdf
CC - 10.01.24 - CITY COUNCIL REG. MTG. MINUTES - SUBMITTED 10.15.24 - CO.pdf Agenda Item # 9.2.

Recommendation:

Staff recommends that the Lynwood City Council approve the following meeting action minutes:

October 1, 2024 Regular Meeting and Closed Session Regular Meeting Action Minutes.

Background:

N/A
Discussion and Analysis:

N/A
Fiscal Impact:

N/A
Coordinated With:

N/A
ATTACHMENTS:

Description
City Council City Council Regular Meeting 298
City Council City Council Regular Meeting 299
Lynwood City Council Regular Meeting Closed Session
October 1, 2024
Action Minutes

01. CALL TO ORDER
The City Council Regular Meeting Closed Session of the City of Lynwood met in the Council Chambers, 11350 Bullis Road Lynwood, CA 90262 on the above date at 5 :00 p.m. An audio recording of this meeting is available on the City's Web Portal: Audio (laserfiche.com).

Meeting called to order at 5:00 p.m.

Mayor Solache presiding.

02. CERTIFICATION OF AGENDA POSTING BY CITY CLERK
City Clerk Quinonez announced the Agenda had been duly posted in accordance with the Brown Act.

03. ROLL CALL OF COUNCIL MEMBERS
PRESENT: COUNCIL MEMBERS CAMACHO, FLORES, MUNOZ-GUEVARA,

MAYOR PRO TEM SOTO AND MAYOR SOLACHE
ABSENT: NONE
STAFF PRESENT:

Interim City Manager Lee, City Attorney Tapia, and City Clerk Quinonez

PUBLIC ORAL COMMUNICATIONS
(Regarding Agenda Items Only)
NONE

NON-AGENDA PUBLIC ORAL COMMUNICATIONS
NONE
Closed Session
MOTION: It was moved by Mayor Pro Tem Soto, seconded by Council Member Camacho to recess to closed session. Motion carried by 5/0 vote.

ROLL CALL:

AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS CAMACHO, FLORES, MUNOZ-GUEVARA, MAYOR

PRO TEM SOTO AND MAYOR SOLACHE
NOES: NONE
ABSTAIN: NONE
ABSENT: NONE
300
The City Attorney read the City Council into closed session.

04. CONFERENCE WITH REAL PROPERTY NEGOTIATORS
A. With respect to every item of business to be discussed in closed session pursuant to Government Code Section 54956.8:

CONFERENCE WITH REAL PROPERTY NEGOTIATORS
Property: Alameda Triangle
Assessor Parcel Numbers: 6169-002-911, 6169-002-912, 6169-001-900 City Negotiator: Interim City Manager Julian Lee & City Attorney Noel Tapia Under Negotiation: Price and Terms
The City Attorney Tapia reported on the following item out of closed session:.

With all five (5) members of the City Council being present : City Staff m ade a presentation, Council provided direction, and there was no reportable action.

The City Council reconvened into open session at 6:10 p.m.

ADJOURNMENT

At 6:10 p.m., it was moved by Mayor Pro Tem Soto, seconded by Council Member Camacho to adjourn the Lynwood City Council Closed Session meeting.

Maria Quiňonez, City Clerk José Luis Solache, Mayor

301
Lynwood City Council Regular Meeting
October 1, 2024
Action Minutes

01. CALL TO ORDER
The City Council Regular Meeting of the City of Lynwood met in the Council Chambers, 11350 Bullis Road Lynwood, CA 90262 on the above date at 6:00 p.m. An audio recording of this meeting is available on the City's Web Portal: Audio (laserfiche.com).

Meeting called to order at 6:10 p.m.

Mayor Solache presiding.

02. CERTIFICATION OF AGENDA POSTING BY CITY CLERK
City Clerk Quiňonez, announced the agenda had been duly posted in accordance with the Brown Act.

03. ROLL CALL OF COUNCIL MEMBERS
PRESENT: COUNCIL MEMBERS CAMACHO, FLORES, MUÑOZ-GUEVARA,

MAYOR PRO TEM SOTO AND MAYOR SOLACHE
ABSENT: NONE
STAFF PRESENT:

Interim City Manager Lee, City Attorney Tapia, City Treasure Cuellar, City Clerk Quiňonez, Community Development Director Linares, Human Resources Director Matson, Public Works Interim Director Bow, Recreation Director Flores and Technology Director Han.

04. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
The Pledge of Allegiance was led by the Lynwood Sheriff’s Explorers.

05. INVOCATION
The invocation was offered by City Clerk Quiňonez.

06. PRESENTATIONS/PROCLAMATIONS
• Update on Law Enforcement Issues.
• City Council Members Reporting on Meetings Attended (Gov. Code Section 53232.3 (D)). • City Videos.
• Proclamations.

07. RECOGNITION OF EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT
•Tamu Ledbetter

PUBLIC ORAL COMMUNICATIONS
(Regarding Agenda Items Only)

302
The following individual(s) addressed City Council regarding agenda item 10.1: Martina Rodriguez, Yvette Sandoval, Gabby Hernandez, Linda Cleveland, Paulette Bradley, Dyana Pena,Barbara Hensleigh, Vanessa Garcia Gusman, Lorraine Avila- Moore, and Joey King District Representative from the office of the California State Senator Lena Gonzalez. The following individual(s) provided written comment regarding agenda item

10.1: Senator Lena Gonzalez, Morg an Goodwin from the Sierra Club, Nicholas Gardener-Serna from the Sunrise Movement LA, Fatima Iqbal -Zubair and Shahnaz Iqbal-Zubair from California Environmental Voters, and Luis Martinez.

NON-AGENDA PUBLIC ORAL COMMUNICATIONS

The following individual (s) addressed City Council regarding non-agenda items:

Cynthia Perez, Irene Garcia, Socorro Lomeli, Ana Barraza and Greg Langworthy.

Eric Medal provided a written comment.

Public Hearing

08. MOTION: It was moved by Council Mem ber Camacho, seconded by Mayor Pro Tem Soto to open the public hearing. Motion carried by the following 5/0 vote.

ROLL CALL:

AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS CAMACHO, FLORES, MUÑOZ-GUEVARA,

MAYOR PRO TEM SOTO AND MAYOR SOLACHE
NOES: NONE
ABSTAIN: NONE
ABSENT: NONE

MOTION: It was moved by Council Member Camacho, se conded by Mayor Pro Tem Soto to close the public hearing. Motio n carried by the following 5/0 vote.

ROLL CALL:

AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS CAMACHO, FLORES, MUÑOZ-GUEVARA,

MAYOR PRO TEM SOTO AND MAYOR SOLACHE
NOES: NONE
ABSTAIN: NONE
ABSENT: NONE

08.01.A RESOLUTION OF THE LYNWOOD CITY COUNCIL APPROVING

AMENDMENTS TO THE DEVELOPMENT RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS
(ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INC ENTIVE AGREEMENT) P URSUANT TO GOVERNMENT CODE 53083 BY AND BETWEEN THE CITY OF LYNWOOD

AND LYNWOOD SPRINGS LLC (NORTHGATE)
MOTION: It was moved by Council Member Camacho, seconded by Council member Flores to approve the item. Motion carried by the following 5/0 vote. 303
ROLL CALL:

AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS CAMACHO, FLORES, MUÑOZ-GUEVARA,

MAYOR PRO TEM SOTO AND MAYOR SOLACHE
NOES: NONE
ABSTAIN: NONE
ABSENT: NONE
First Reading ORDINANCE NO. 1757 - FIRST READING
Approved and Adopted RESOLUTION NO. 2023.017

ENTITLED: AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF

LYNWOOD, COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, STATE OF CALIFORNIA,

APPROVING THE FIRST AMENDMENT TO THE DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT

WITH LYNWOOD SPRINGS, LLC FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
COMMERICAL PROPERTY LOCATED AT 11600 LONG BEACH BOULEVARD.

A RESOLUTION OF THE LYNWOOD CITY COUNCIL APPROVING

AMENDMENTS TO THE DEVELOPMENT RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS
(ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INCENTIVE AGREEMENT) URSUANT TO
GOVERNMENT CODE 53083 BY AND BETWEEN THE CITY OF LYNWOOD AND LYNWOOD SPRINGS LLC (NORTHGATE).

Consent Calendar
All matters listed under the Consent Calendar will be acted upon by one motion affirming the action recommended on the agenda. There will be no separate discussion on these items prior to voting unless members of the Council or staff request specific items be removed from the Consent Calendar for separate action.

ROLL CALL:

AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS CAMACHO, FLORES, MUÑOZ-GUEVARA,

MAYOR PRO TEM SOTO AND MAYOR SOLACHE
NOES: NONE
ABSTAIN: NONE
ABSENT: NONE

09.01. APPROVAL OF THE WARRANT REGISTER
Approved and Adopted RESOLUTION NO. 2024.116

ENTITLED: Warrant register dated October 01,2024 for FY 2023-2024 and FY 2024-2025

09.02. PREVIOUS MEETING MINUTES
Approved September 17, 2024 Regular Meeting and Closed
Session Regular Meeting Action Minutes

304

ENTITLED: September 17, 2024 Regular Meeting and Closed Session Regular Meeting Action Minutes

09.03. APPROVAL OF SPECIAL EVENT– ALEGRIA BROTHERS INC., dba CIRCUS

ALEGRIA
Approved and Adopted RESOLUTION NO. 2024.117

ENTITLED: A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF

LYNWOOD, COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, STATE OF CALIFORNIA
APPROVING THE ALEGRIA BROTHERS, INC. dba CIRCUS ALEGRIA EVENT FOR October 17, 2024 – November 5, 2024

09.04. APPROVAL OF A HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (HAP) FUNDED WITH

PERMANENT LOCAL HOUSING ALLOCATION (PLHA) GRANT FUNDS
Approved and Adopted RESOLUTION NO. 2024.118

ENTITLED: A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF

LYNWOOD, APPROVING THE HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (HAP)

FUNDED WITH PERMANENT LOCAL HOUSING ALLOCATION (PHLA) GRANT FUNDS

09.05. SALE OF CITY SURPLUS VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT
Approved and Adopted RESOLUTION NO. 2024.119 AND MOU WITH

GOVDEALS

ENTITLED: A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF

LYNWOOD DECLARING CERTAIN CITY OWNED VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT

AS SURPLUS PROPERTY AND AUTHORIZING STAFF TO DISPOSE OF

SURPLUS PROPERTY THROUGH PUBLIC AUCTION SITE GOVDEALS FOR

CURRENT AND FUTURE AUCTIONS

09.06.PROJECT ACCEPTANCE FOR THE STREET IMPROVEMENT PROJECT

WRIGHT ROAD FROM FERNWOOD AVENUE TO DUNCAN AVENUE
STPL-5250(034) CIP PROJECT NO: 4011.67.911
Approved and Adopted RESOLUTION NO. 2024.120

ENTITLED: A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF

LYNWOOD ACCEPTING WRIGHT ROAD STREET IMPROVEMENT PROJECT

BETWEEN FERNWOOD AVENUE AND DUNCAN AVENUE PROJECT, FY
2023-2024 CIP PROJECT NO: 4011.67.911 AS COMPLETE; AUTHORIZING THE

FILING OF THE NOTICE OF COMPLETION WITH THE LOS ANGELES COUNTY RECORDER’S OFFICE AND THE RELEASE OF THE 5% RETENTION 35 DAYS AFTER THE ACCEPTANCE.

305

09.07. AWARD OF CONTRACT TO ADVANCED AVANT GARDE CORPORATION FOR

LABOR COMPLIANCE, GRANT REPORTING AND MANAGEMENT SERVICES

FOR PUBLIC WORKS PROJECTS
Approved and Adopted RESOLUTION NO. 2024.121 AND AGREEMENT WITH

AVANT GARDE CORP

ENTITLED: A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF

LYNWOOD AWARDING A CONTRACT TO ADVANCED AVANT GARDE

CORPORATION FOR LAB OR COMPLIANCE GRANT REPORTING
MANAGEMENT SERVICES FOR PUBLIC WORKS PROJECTS; AUTHORIZING

THE MAYOR TO EXECUTE THE AGREEMENT AND AUTHORIZING THE CITY

MANAGER TO APPROVE AGREEMENT AMENDMENTS RELATED TO THE
AGREEMENT.

09.08. APPROVAL OF CIP BUDGET TRANSFERS FROM FISCAL YEAR 2023-2024 Approved and Adopted RESOLUTION NO. 2024.122

ENTITLED: A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF

LYNWOOD APPROVING THE CIP BUDGET TRANSFERS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2023-2024.

09.09. PROJECT ACCEPTANCE FOR THE CITYWIDE SLURRY SEAL (PHASE 4) PROJECT FISCAL YEAR (FY)2023-2024 CIP NO. 4011.68.128
Approved and Adopted RESOLUTION NO. 2024.123

ENTITLED: A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LYNWOOD ACCEPTING THE CITYWIDE SLURRY SEAL (PHASE 4) PROJECT FY 2023- 2024 CIP NO. 4011.68.128 AS COMPLETE; AUTHORIZING THE

FILING OF THE NOTICE OF COMPLETION WITH THE LOS ANGELES COUNTY RECORDER’S OFFICE AND THE RELEASE OF THE 5% RETENTION 35 DAYS AFTER THE ACCEPTANCE.

09.10. AWARD OF CONTRACT TO ONWARD ENGINEERING FOR THE DESIGN

ENGINEERING SERVICES FOR THE ANNUAL STREET IMPROVEMENTS - PRIORITY 1 – FY (CIP PROJECT NO. 2101|2121|2357|2352|9056.68.142) Approved and Adopted RESOLUTION NO. 2024.124 AND AGREEMENT WITH

ONWARD ENGINEERING

ENTITLED: “A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF

LYNWOOD AWARDING A CONTRACT TO ONWARD ENGINEERING FOR THE

DESIGN ENGINEERING SERVICES FOR THE ANNUAL STREET
IMPROVEMENTS - PRIORITY 1 – FY 24/25 (CIP PROJECT NO.
2101|2121|2357|2352|9056.68.142).

306
New/Old Business

10.01. TREASURER'S STATEMENT OF INVESTMENT POLICY

MOTION: It was moved by Council Member Muñoz-Guevara, seconded by Council Member Flores to approve the item.

SUBSEQUENT MOTION: It was moved by Council Member Camacho, seconded by Mayor Solache to table the item. Motion carried by the following 4/1 vote.

ROLL CALL:

AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS CAMACHO, FLORES, MAYOR PRO TEM SOTO

AND MAYOR SOLACHE

NOES: COUNCIL MEMBER MUÑOZ-GUEVARA,
ABSTAIN: NONE
ABSENT: NONE

Continued to Next Meeting

ENTITLED: A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF

LYNWOOD, APPROVING THE CITIES ANNUAL STATEMENT OF INVESTMENT POLICY.

ADJOURNMENT
At 7:34 p.m. the Regular Lynwood City Council Meeting was adjourned in memoriam of Paul Rourman former Principal at Lindbergh Elementary School.

Maria Quiňonez, City Clerk José Luis Solache, Mayor
/co
307

AGENDA STAFF REPORT

DATE:

October 15, 2024
TO:

Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
APPROVED BY:

Julian Lee, Interim City Manager
PREPARED BY:

Maria Quinonez, City Clerk
SUBJECT:

APPROVAL OF A THIRD AMENDMENT TO MUNITEMPS STAFFING

AGREEMENT TO PROVIDE TEMPORARY STAFFING SERVICES IN

THE CITY CLERK'S OFFICE
Agenda Item # 9.3.

Recommendation:

Staff recommends that the City Council approve and adopt the attached resolution entitled, "A

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LYNWOOD TO APPROVE THE

THIRD AMENDMENT AGREEMENT WITH MUNITEMPS FOR TEMPORARY STAFFING SERVICES"
Background:

In January 2022, the City e
ntered into an agreement with Munitemps under the City
Manager's purchasing authority ($25,000), to provide temporary staffing to the City Clerk's office.

In October 2022, City Council approved and entered into an agreement with Munitemps through October 31, 2023 to provide temporary staffing to the City Clerk's office and to approve an appropriation in the amount of $100,000 to cover costs of invoices.

In November 2023, City Council entered into a First Amendment to the Master Agreement with Munitemps to provide temporary staffing to the City Clerk's office and to approve an appropriation in the amount of $75,000 to cover costs of invoices.

In May 2024, City Council entered into a Second Amendment to the Master Agreement with Munitemps through October 31, 2024.

Due to the current need for temporary staffing in the City Clerk’s Office, staff respectfully requests the City Council to approve a Third amendment to the master agreement to continue carrying out the day-to-day operations through December 31, 2024.

City Council City Council Regular Meeting 308
Third Amendment - Munitemps.doc
Resolution - MuniTemps_Temp_Staffing_Services.docx
Discussion and Analysis:

It is imperative that the open position continue to be filled on a temporary basis to maintain current staffing levels and manage the day-to-day operations of the department. Munitemps Staffing is a reputable temporary staffing agency specialized in local municipalities staffing needs. The City Clerk’s office has had good experience using the firm. Because of the nature of the service and pursuant to the City’s Contracting & Purchasing Policy, temporary staffing is exempt from bidding. Staff is requesting the City Council authorize the Mayor to enter into the third amendment agreement with Munitemps Staffing for temporary staff services.

Fiscal Impact:

There is no fiscal impact. The FY 2024-25 estimated cost is captured in the FY 2024-25 Budget.

Coordinated With:

City Manager’s Office
City Attorney’s Office
Department of Finance and Administration Services
ATTACHMENTS:

Description
City Council City Council Regular Meeting 309

THIRD AMENDMENT

TO PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT WITH MUNITEMPS
This THIRD AMENDMENT (“Third Amendment”) is made and entered into this 15th day of October, 2024 (“Effective Date”), by and between the City of Lynwood, municipal Corporation (hereinafter the "City") and Munitemps (hereinafter the “Munitemps”).