Malibu City Council
August 26, 2024

1 Ongoing /
Modified
 Provides the public an
opportunity to provide ongoing input into the risks and projects as part of Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation events.  Allows the public an
opportunity to obtain information on disaster preparedness and personal/family mitigation.

LVMCOG cities conduct public Disaster Preparedness events and/or information campaigns including efforts coinciding with National Disaster Preparedness Month in September. For example, in November 2023, the City of Malibu conducted a comprehensive public workshop that provided attendees with the opportunity to ask questions and provide input on Malibu’s Coastal Vulnerability Assessment and projected impacts of sea level rise.

Regional Agoura Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Malibu Westlake Village All Hazards
            
Implement a
Mitigation and
Preparedness
Monthly Campaign

1 Ongoing /
Modified
 Provides the public
with information on disaster preparedness and mitigation in order to enhance community resiliency.

LVMCOG cities promote Disaster Mitigation and Preparedness public bulletins and awareness programs delivered via city web pages, city TV, social media, and local news.

Regional Agoura Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Westlake Village All Hazards
             
Business Outreach
Disaster Mitigation
and Planning
Program

1 Ongoing /
Modified
 Provides local
business owners and business groups with an opportunity to obtain information on disaster preparedness and mitigation, furthering the economic sustainability of the community.

LVMCOG cities work with local business groups (Chambers of Commerce, business associations, business parks, etc.) to encourage disaster mitigation and planning for local businesses.

Regional Agoura Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Malibu Westlake Village All Hazards
             
Continue to
Implement, Revise,
and Maintain the
Las-VirgenesMalibu Hazard
Mitigation Plan

1 Update
Complete /
Ongoing
Maintenance
 Facilitates planning
for future events.
 Enables better
response and coordination by city personnel during and after a hazardous event.

HMP update complete. Maintenance ongoing.
225
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-24
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
City Hazard
Specific Hazards Addressed in the HMP  Mitigation Goal  Issues Addressed  Project Name /
Strategy Priority Status
Impact on Buildings,
Infrastructure, and the
Community
Comments
Earthquake
Wildfire
Climate Change -
Drought
Energy Disruption
Windstorm
Landslide / Debris
Flow
Flood / Severe
Winter Storm
Pandemic
Terrorism / Mass
Casualty Incident
Public Awareness
Protect Life, Property and
the Environment
Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency Management
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Regional Agoura Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Malibu Westlake Village All Hazards
           
Critical
Infrastructure
Assessment

1 Ongoing /
Modified
 May add requirements
to new construction permits for critical infrastructure.  Will enable response
and coordination by city personnel during and after a hazardous event.

Each city continually assesses the state of readiness of critical facilities within their jurisdictions. For example, the City of Agoura Hills identified key infrastructure to maintain continuity of operations and purchased a drone to conduct hazard assessments; the City of Calabasas participated in the SCAG Earthquake Preparedness Initiative; the City of Hidden Hills designated several sites as critical and provided for backup power generation; the City of Malibu provided the Sheriff’s Dept. with a list of its critical infrastructure; and the City of Westlake Village provisioned two key sites with emergency power and supplies.

Regional Agoura Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Malibu Westlake Village All Hazards
            
Emergency Shelter
Identification

1 Ongoing /
Modified
 Provides for better
response and coordination by city personnel during and after a hazardous event.  Improves private
sector (hotels and other) participation and awareness.

Each city identified emergency shelter locations and works with the American Red Cross to establish shelters. The City of Malibu instituted a site that can be used as an evacuation shelter and to stage first responders Regional Agoura Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Malibu Westlake Village All Hazards
              
Pre-Established
Contracts

1 Ongoing /
Modified
 Provides for better
response and coordination by city personnel during and after a hazardous event.

Each city has identified critical vendors and contractors and maintains current contact lists. For example: the City of Agoura Hills has agreements for Emergency Services assistance, construction, and debris removal; the City of Calabasas has contacts with local vendors and accounts with emergency supply and communications providers; the City of Hidden Hills has emergency vendor contracts and the Community Association work crew is available for urgent repairs; the City of Malibu has contracts for services such as debris removal, fuel, street repair, and other emergency items, and the City of Westlake Village has contracts for fuel, road repair, and supplies. 226
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-25
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
City Hazard
Specific Hazards Addressed in the HMP  Mitigation Goal  Issues Addressed  Project Name /
Strategy Priority Status
Impact on Buildings,
Infrastructure, and the
Community
Comments
Earthquake
Wildfire
Climate Change -
Drought
Energy Disruption
Windstorm
Landslide / Debris
Flow
Flood / Severe
Winter Storm
Pandemic
Terrorism / Mass
Casualty Incident
Public Awareness
Protect Life, Property and
the Environment
Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency Management
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Regional Agoura Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Malibu Westlake Village All Hazards
                
Hazard Awareness
Public / Private
Partnerships

1 Ongoing /
Modified
 Provides for better
response and coordination by city personnel during and after a hazardous event.  Improves public
preparedness and mitigation education and hazard awareness.

Individual cities have implemented public awareness/business partnership events, task force meetings, and CERT programs. In addition, in 2017 the City of Agoura Hills held a fire preparedness workshop for local businesses and residents; the City of Calabasas and City of Malibu are members of the Santa Monica Mountains Fire Safe Alliance; the City of Hidden Hills works with the Community Association and local school to promote awareness and preparedness; and the City of Westlake Village hosted emergency preparedness seminar, is in the process of creating local partnerships with homeowner associations and other community groups, and has conducted annual community events.

Regional Agoura Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Malibu Westlake Village  Wildfire  Energy
Disruption
 Windstorm      
Tree Pruning
Program and Fire
Code Sections

1 Ongoing /
Modified
 May result in
additional maintenance requirements for new commercial and residential development properties.

All cities serviced by the Los Angeles County Fire Department and require tree pruning and brush clearance per LAC Fire Code and State Fire Code. Public information is distributed, e.g., “A Roadmap to Fire Safety” and annual brush clearance mailers.

Regional Agoura Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Malibu Westlake Village All Hazards
             
Communications
Hardening

2 Ongoing
 Provides for better
response and coordination by city personnel during and after a hazardous event.

The cities implemented Finalsite Connect Inc.’s Connect-CTY system (many residents participate), the Operational Area Response and Recovery System (OARRS), County-wide Integrated Radio System (CWIRS), and Sheriff’s Department NIXLE system. Individual cities also implemented social media, public Wi-Fi, Amateur Radio groups, satellite telephones, radio repeaters, and back-up power generation.

Regional Agoura Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Malibu Westlake Village All Hazards (except Climate Change and Pandemic)
            
US 101 Freeway
Corridor
Improvement Study

2 Complete /
Monitoring
and
Mitigation
Projects
Scheduled
 May add
infrastructure upgrades to local land use planning and zoning requirements for new commercial development.  Will enable better
response times for local emergency services personnel by improving local access routes.

The US 101 Freeway Corridor Study, Kanan Road Interchange project, and Reyes Adobe Interchange project previously completed. The City of Agoura Hills has completed all design work necessary to begin the Chesebro Interchange improvement project. The Chesebro Interchange project construction scheduled to start in Fiscal Year 2017/2018 and will be completed by FY 2018/2019. The Lindero Canyon Interchange project construction scheduled to start September 2018. 227
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-26
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
City Hazard
Specific Hazards Addressed in the HMP  Mitigation Goal  Issues Addressed  Project Name /
Strategy Priority Status
Impact on Buildings,
Infrastructure, and the
Community
Comments
Earthquake
Wildfire
Climate Change -
Drought
Energy Disruption
Windstorm
Landslide / Debris
Flow
Flood / Severe
Winter Storm
Pandemic
Terrorism / Mass
Casualty Incident
Public Awareness
Protect Life, Property and
the Environment
Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency Management
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Regional Agoura Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Malibu Westlake Village All Hazards
               
Emergency
Preparedness Public
Awareness
Campaign

2 Ongoing
 Improves public
preparedness, mitigation education and hazard awareness.

All cities implemented the Ready Set Go Wildfire Action Plan, are part of the CA Fire Alliance, and participate in the annual LA County Shake Out Earthquake Exercise. Individual city programs include local television programming, web site educational information, ongoing training, and education events. The City of Calabasas has also implemented a “Map Your Neighborhood Program”.

Regional Agoura Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Malibu Westlake Village All Hazards (except Pandemic)
          
Risk Assessment
Project

2 Ongoing
 Enables better land
use planning, building code, and zoning requirements.

All cities continuously monitor their risk exposure, update information as needed, add to their disaster mitigation goals, policies, and strategies in General Plans (as applicable) and continue to improve their GIS capabilities. In addition, the City of Agoura Hills completed a comprehensive Risk Assessment in 2015 and upgraded its GIS capabilities; the City of Calabasas developed a listing of local hazards including electrical and natural gas utility, water tanks, and flood risks; the City of Hidden Hills is working with SCE to implement underground utility lines; the City of Malibu has conducted a risk assessment on aging power and communications infrastructure in the city; and the City of Westlake Village has mapped their fire hazard areas as well as updated their GIS flood maps.

Regional Calabasas Hidden Hills Westlake Village
 Earthquake  Wildfire  Windstorm
     
Rehabilitation of
Residential
Properties

2 Ongoing /
Modified
 Mitigates private
residential property loss.

Cities implemented home renovation projects or programs (as applicable) to mitigate home property risk. For example, the City of Calabasas and City of Westlake Village have Community Development Block Grant programs for low and moderate income residents for improvements and retrofitting their properties; the City of Hidden Hills has implemented a wood shake shingle roof replacement program and is exploring funding sources. Note: the City of Agoura Hills home rehabilitation outreach program was discontinued due to lack of funding and the City of Malibu does not have a home rehabilitation program.

Regional Agoura Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Malibu Westlake Village All Hazards
             
Advanced
Community
Training

3 Ongoing /
Modified
 Improves public
preparedness and mitigation education and hazard awareness.

Each city offers CERT classes on an ongoing basis throughout the year. In addition, city staff are provided ongoing training on disaster response. 228
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-27
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx Summary of City Specific Mitigation Projects and Strategies Agoura Hills City Hazard
Specific Hazards Addressed in the HMP  Mitigation Goal  Issues Addressed  Project Name /
Strategy Priority Status
Impact on Buildings,
Infrastructure, and the
Community
Comments
Earthquake
Wildfire
Climate Change -
Drought
Energy Disruption
Windstorm
Landslide / Debris
Flow
Flood / Severe
Winter Storm
Pandemic
Terrorism / Mass
Casualty Incident
Public Awareness
Protect Life, Property and
the Environment
Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency Management
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Agoura Hills
All Hazards
(includes impacts
related to Climate
Change, i.e.,
increased flood,
wildfire, etc.)
              
Advanced Emergency
Training

1 Ongoing
 Improves Public and
Staff preparedness by implementing advanced Emergency Training through existing and/or new programs.

The City of Agoura Hills is utilizing its CERT program to provide advanced emergency training to volunteers and is promoting advanced emergency management training including FEMA courses to staff.

Agoura Hills
All Hazards
(includes impacts
related to Climate
Change, i.e.,
increased flood,
wildfire, etc.)
(except Pandemic)
              
Agoura Road
Widening

1 Ongoing /
Roadway
Complete
 Improves multi-modal
access, an emergency bi-pass, and improves operational capacity.

Roadway Complete, Environmental Mitigation ongoing until Fall 2018 Agoura Hills
All Hazards
(includes impacts
related to Climate
Change, i.e.,
increased flood,
wildfire, etc.)
(except Pandemic)
             
Annual Street
Pavement
Rehabilitation Project

1 Ongoing /
Under
Design
 Maintains critical
infrastructure - Reduces the potential for loss of life, injury, and economic damage to Agoura Hills residents and businesses by keeping the public roads in a state of good repair.

Entails the removal and reconstruction of asphalt, and base, and replacing curb ramps to current ADA Standards.

Agoura Hills
All Hazards
(includes impacts
related to Climate
Change, i.e.,
increased flood,
wildfire, etc.)
(except Pandemic)
            
Fairview Road
Improvement Project

1 Complete
 Maintains critical
infrastructure for emergency egress on Fairview Road.

The City of Agoura Hills is in the process of obtaining road improvement funding and approvals for Fairview Road. 229
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-28
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
City Hazard
Specific Hazards Addressed in the HMP  Mitigation Goal  Issues Addressed  Project Name /
Strategy Priority Status
Impact on Buildings,
Infrastructure, and the
Community
Comments
Earthquake
Wildfire
Climate Change -
Drought
Energy Disruption
Windstorm
Landslide / Debris
Flow
Flood / Severe
Winter Storm
Pandemic
Terrorism / Mass
Casualty Incident
Public Awareness
Protect Life, Property and
the Environment
Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency Management
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Agoura Hills
 Earthquake
 Wildfire
      
Roadside Bridge
Widening

2 Ongoing /
Completing
Design and
Permitting
 Reduces the potential
for loss of life, injury, and economic damage to Agoura Hills residents and businesses from earthquake, wildfire, landslides, and the impacts of these hazards. Increases the City's ability to serve the community during disaster response and recovery by mitigating risks to key infrastructure In the design and permitting process. The project will result in the widening of the bridge to eliminate bottlenecks. Will also involve the installation of a pedestrian sidewalk. Scheduled for August 2018 to August 2019.

Agoura Hills
 Earthquake
 Wildfire
       
Palo Camado Bridge
Widening

3 Ongoing /
Completing
Design and
Permitting
 Reduces the potential
for loss of life, injury, and economic damage to Agoura Hills residents and businesses from earthquake, wildfire, landslides, and the impacts of these hazards. Increases the City's ability to serve the community during disaster response and recovery by mitigating risks to key infrastructure.

In the process of completing the design and permitting process. The project will widen the bridge to increase capacity. It will also result in the installation of traffic signals and sidewalks as well as a seismic retrofit.

Agoura Hills
 Landslide /
Debris Flow
 Flood /
Severe Winter Storm
     
Culvert and Drain
Improvements and
Erosion Mitigation

2 New /
Ongoing
 Mitigates the risk of a
future drain failure and mitigates the impact of potential flooding / landslide.

In the process of replacing damaged drains and erosion, while enhancing the capability of culverts /drain inlets to today’s building standards. 230
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-29
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx Calabasas
City Hazard
Specific Hazards Addressed in the HMP  Mitigation Goal  Issues Addressed  Project Name /
Strategy Priority Status
Impact on Buildings,
Infrastructure, and the
Community
Comments
Earthquake
Wildfire
Climate Change -
Drought
Energy Disruption
Windstorm
Landslide / Debris
Flow
Flood / Severe
Winter Storm
Pandemic
Terrorism / Mass
Casualty Incident
Public Awareness
Protect Life, Property and
the Environment
Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency Management
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Calabasas Wildfire
    
Fire Code Update

1 Complete
 May add requirements
to new construction permits.
 Will reduce risk and
mitigate the impact of fire on new construction.

The revised Los Angeles County Fire Code adopted by the City. Calabasas Building and Safety Staff changes to the fire code pending the next triennial cycle of the LA County Fire Code for review.

Calabasas Wildfire
    
Incentive Based Lot
Mergers

2 Complete
 Will mitigate future
fire losses by ensuring that adequate open space is maintained between new construction projects.

The General Plan update incentivizing small lot mergers was completed and adopted by the City Council in 2008. The 2010 Development Code updates reflect such policies. No additional incentives are required at this time.

Calabasas Flooding
    
Green Streets Program

2 New /
Ongoing
 Will reduce risk and
mitigate the impact of future flooding.

Create landscaped catch-basins within the right of way to capture, treat and infiltrate storm water runoff. Designed to catch rainwater at its source, the improvements work to avoid flooding and retain water resources for future use rather than allowing run-off into storm drains and ultimately the ocean.

Calabasas  Flooding
 Landslide  Debris Flow  Mudslide
     
Mulholland Highway –
Phase I & II

2 New /
Under
Design
 Will mitigate the
impact of future flooding and winter storm, as well as mitigating the risk of future slope failure.

In the process of constructing retaining wall, storm drain and pedestrian sidewalk improvements to increase safety for pedestrians and retain slope from failure during heavy water events.

Calabasas All Hazards
(except Pandemic)
         
West Calabasas Road
Improvements

2 New /
Under
Design
 Maintains critical
infrastructure - Reduces the potential for loss of life, injury, and economic damage to Calabasas residents and businesses by keeping the public roads in a state of good repair.

Seek areas to install multi-modal improvements improving traffic safety for all users. Includes road improvements for greater traffic flow and safety (i.e., left turn lane, bypass lane, protected bike and pedestrian improvements), as well as slope stabilization.

Calabasas Wildfire
    
Citywide Weed
Abatement Program

1 New /
Ongoing
 Mitigates the impact of
a future wildfire by ensuring that structures are clear of weeds, grass, and dead plants Aims to clear weeds, grass and dead plants to 200 feet from structures in city parks, public roadways and designated areas within Calabasas’ four landscape Maintenance and Lighting Districts. 231
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-30
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
City Hazard
Specific Hazards Addressed in the HMP  Mitigation Goal  Issues Addressed  Project Name /
Strategy Priority Status
Impact on Buildings,
Infrastructure, and the
Community
Comments
Earthquake
Wildfire
Climate Change -
Drought
Energy Disruption
Windstorm
Landslide / Debris
Flow
Flood / Severe
Winter Storm
Pandemic
Terrorism / Mass
Casualty Incident
Public Awareness
Protect Life, Property and
the Environment
Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency Management
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Calabasas Flooding
  
Las Virgenes Creek
Restoration III

2 New /
Under
Design
 Mitigates the risk of
future flooding by repairing and maintaining storm drain outlets.

In the process of designing infrastructure improvements including storm drain repair and maintenance, as well as monitoring of creek/water cleanliness.

Calabasas All Hazards
             
Upgrade Data
Warehouse Storage

1 New /
Ongoing
 Mitigates the impact of
various disasters on Calabasas’ data warehouse by enabling a cloud based solution.

Completed the setup of a cloud-based DR site for the city data infostructure, enabling users to still access the data in the event that the on-prem data servers are not available.

Calabasas  Landslide /
Debris Flow
 Flood /
Winter Storm
     
Las Virgenes Road
Embankment and
Shoulder Repair

2 New
 Mitigates the potential
for future slope failures and protects the road surface from being undermined by future slope distress.

In the process of designing and constructing slope and shoulder stabilization and installation of RSP to prevent future slope washout.

Calabasas  Landslide /
Debris Flow
 Flood /
Winter Storm
     
McCoy Creek
Mitigation/Restoration

2 New
 Mitigates the potential
for future slope failures and protects the road surface from being undermined by future slope distress.

In the process of designing and constructing streambank stabilization and embankment reconstruction: section of parking lot pavement and AC dike repair.

Calabasas All Hazards
             
Emergency Power for
Critical Facilities

1 New
 Mitigates the risk of
future energy disruption and power outage by providing continuous power to critical facilities.

In the process of identifying critical facilities in need of redundant power and working on the RFP process for qualified contractors. 232
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-31
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx Hidden Hills
City Hazard
Specific Hazards Addressed in the HMP  Mitigation Goal  Issues Addressed  Project Name /
Strategy Priority Status
Impact on Buildings,
Infrastructure, and the
Community
Comments
Earthquake
Wildfire
Climate Change -
Drought
Energy
Disruption
Windstorm
Landslide /
Debris Flow
Flood / Severe
Winter Storm
Pandemic
Terrorism / Mass
Casualty Incident
Public Awareness
Protect Life, Property
and the Environment
Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency
Management
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Hidden Hills
All Hazards
(includes impacts
related to Climate
Change, i.e.,
increased flood,
wildfire, etc.)
           
Update the City of
Hidden Hills General
Plan and Local
Ordinances

1 Ongoing
 May add requirements
to new construction permits.
 Will reduce risk and
mitigate the impact of disasters on new construction and remodeled properties.

The General Plan and existing codes are regularly reviewed and modified (if necessary). The General Plan continues to incorporate elements to mitigate seismic, fire, landslide and flooding events.

Hidden Hills
Landslide /
Debris Flow
   
Comprehensive Hills
Slope Management
Program

1 Ongoing
 Will prevent future
development on potentially unstable hillsides.
 May add requirements
to new construction permits.
 Will reduce risk and
mitigate the impact of landslides on new construction.

Geological evaluations are required for all proposed hillside developments. Landslides are identified, mapped, and mitigated. In addition, the City has adopted a ridgeline protection ordinance to help preserve scenic corridors.

Hidden Hills
Wildfire
  
Wood Shake Shingle
Roof Replacement
Program

2 Ongoing
 Will provide incentives
to replace older wood shake shingle roofs by residents.

The City is looking into a program to help offset the cost of replacing remaining wood shake roofs in the City. All new construction bans the installation of wood shake shingles.

Hidden Hills
All Hazards
(includes impacts
related to Climate
Change, i.e.,
increased flood,
wildfire, etc.)
             
Emergency Satellite
Communications

2 Complete /
Maintenance
Ongoing
 Provides for better
response and coordination by city personnel during and after a hazardous event.

The City has satellite phone and internet ability and two-way radio communications equipment. Two-way radio batteries were recently replaced.

Hidden Hills
All Hazards
(includes impacts
related to Climate
Change, i.e.,
increased flood,
wildfire, etc.)             
Advanced
Emergency Training

2 Ongoing
 Improves public
preparedness and mitigation education and hazard awareness.

CERT classes offered throughout the year.
 The CERT team has continuing
training in disaster response, first aid and evacuation shelter setup  The CERT first aid medical
equipment trailer has been checked and updated.
 City staff and CERT team members
have been trained in active shooter response.
233
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-32
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
City Hazard
Specific Hazards Addressed in the HMP  Mitigation Goal  Issues Addressed  Project Name /
Strategy Priority Status
Impact on Buildings,
Infrastructure, and the
Community
Comments
Earthquake
Wildfire
Climate Change -
Drought
Energy
Disruption
Windstorm
Landslide /
Debris Flow
Flood / Severe
Winter Storm
Pandemic
Terrorism / Mass
Casualty Incident
Public Awareness
Protect Life, Property
and the Environment
Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency
Management
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Hidden Hills
All Hazards
(includes impacts
related to Climate
Change, i.e.,
increased flood,
wildfire, etc.)
             
Communications
Improvements

2 Ongoing
 Will continue to
improve cellular telephone reception in areas of the City that are currently underserved.

Cellular telephone and radio coverage is regularly evaluated. In addition, the City of Hidden Hills is now authorized to send out emergency messages to cell phones (IPAWS Wide Area Alerts). Additionally, a fiber optic plan is being worked on by the community to provide high speed Internet and help provide WiFi cell service.

Hidden Hills
All Hazards
(includes impacts
related to Climate
Change, i.e.,
increased flood,
wildfire, etc.)
            
Community
Evacuation Routes,
Planning, and
Training

2 Complete
 Improves public safety
in the event that a mass evacuation is required.

Ingress and egress to the City has been improved with addition of contractor parking areas at the gates. In addition:  The City will allow school buses, for Round Meadow Elementary School, through the gates to bring students to reunification sites if Mureau Road is closed.  The City is actively working on a
revision of traffic flow at the Long Valley gate, adding a turn lane and providing contractor parking areas to keep traffic flowing into and out of Hidden Hills. This roadway update will also aid traffic flow onto the Northbound 101 freeway onramp.  The City conducted a public workshop
for Wildfire evacuation for residents and large animals. Training was offered to the residents on horse trailer loading and unloading. Also offered was a CHP sponsored horse trailer inspection day.

Hidden Hills
Flood
  
Storm Drain
Management

2 Ongoing
 Will ensure that storm
drains are free from debris to prevent flooding.

Continue to maintain the storm drain system to ensure that drains are free from debris to prevent flooding. While the storm drains are managed by Los Angeles County, the City does work to ensure the free flow of water to prevent street flooding.

Hidden Hills
Energy Disruption
    
Backup Power for the
City’s Critical Sites

2 Complete /
Maintenance
Ongoing
 Maintain backup
power systems for City Hall and the Community Center.

Backup power generation systems for City and the Community Center are maintained on an annual basis. 234
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-33
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
City Hazard
Specific Hazards Addressed in the HMP  Mitigation Goal  Issues Addressed  Project Name /
Strategy Priority Status
Impact on Buildings,
Infrastructure, and the
Community
Comments
Earthquake
Wildfire
Climate Change -
Drought
Energy
Disruption
Windstorm
Landslide /
Debris Flow
Flood / Severe
Winter Storm
Pandemic
Terrorism / Mass
Casualty Incident
Public Awareness
Protect Life, Property
and the Environment
Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency
Management
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Hidden Hills
Wildfire
Energy
Disruption
Windstorm       
Underground Utility
Line Implementation

2 Ongoing
 Reduce the risk of
power failure by replacing overhead power lines with underground lines to mitigate the risk of power failure and wildfires during periods of high winds.

Continuing to work with SCE to plan, approve permits, inspect, and install underground power systems.

Hidden Hills
Wildfire
    
Brush Clearance
Program

1 New /
Ongoing
 Reduces the risk of a
wildfire and its impact to nearby homes.

Expanded brush clearance using goats around the community’s perimeter that interfaces with open space. 235
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-34
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx Malibu
City Hazard
Specific Hazards Addressed in the HMP  Mitigation Goal  Issues Addressed  Project Name /
Strategy Priority Status
Impact on Buildings,
Infrastructure, and the
Community
Comments
Earthquake
Wildfire
Climate Change -
Drought
Energy Disruption
Windstorm
Landslide / Debris
Flow
Flood / Severe
Winter Storm
Pandemic
Terrorism / Mass
Casualty Incident
Public Awareness
Protect Life, Property and
the Environment
Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency Management
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Malibu All Hazards
(includes impacts
related to Climate
Change, i.e.,
increased flood,
wildfire, etc.)
            
Bluffs Park
Improvement Project

1 In Progress
 Improves public safety
in the event that a mass emergency shelter is required.

Working to upgrade critical infrastructure roofing to improve reliability for emergency shelter.

Malibu Flood
  
Catch Basin and
Culvert Upgrades

1 Complete
 Will reduce risk and
mitigate the impact of flood and landslides on new and existing construction.

Completed upgrade to City catch basins and culverts to increase capacity.

Malibu All Hazards
(includes impacts
related to Climate
Change, i.e.,
increased flood,
wildfire, etc.)
            
Excavation and
Emergency Shelter at
Zuma Beach

1 Complete
 Improves public safety
in the event that a mass evacuation is required.

Completed coordination with LA County Beaches to develop the Zuma Beach parking lot as an emergency shelter location and secure access.

Malibu  Landslide
 Flood
     
Las Flores Road
Canyon Improvements

1 In Progress
 Will reduce risk and
mitigate the impact of flood on new and existing construction in the Las Flores Creek area.  Improves public safety
in the event that a mass evacuation is required.

Working to improve pavement and drainage to reduce flooding and erosion as well as maintain evacuation route reliability.

Malibu  Wildfire
 Windstorm
   
Tree Removal in City
Right-of-Way

1 Ongoing
 Reduces the risk of
wildfire.
 Maintains critical
infrastructure.

Continue to identify and remove trees to maintain a safe distance from power poles and reduce fire risk (as part of the Annual Street Maintenance).

Malibu All Hazards
(except Pandemic)
           
City of Malibu GIS
Upgrade

1 Complete
 Will reduce risk and
mitigate the impact of hazards on new construction by improving local land use planning.

Completed GIS upgrades to incorporate more information regarding trails, geological sensitive areas, tsunami maps, etc. 236
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-35
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
City Hazard
Specific Hazards Addressed in the HMP  Mitigation Goal  Issues Addressed  Project Name /
Strategy Priority Status
Impact on Buildings,
Infrastructure, and the
Community
Comments
Earthquake
Wildfire
Climate Change -
Drought
Energy Disruption
Windstorm
Landslide / Debris
Flow
Flood / Severe
Winter Storm
Pandemic
Terrorism / Mass
Casualty Incident
Public Awareness
Protect Life, Property and
the Environment
Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency Management
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Malibu Flood
     
Flood Actions

FEMA MAP Program
Participation Letter
Pages 2-91 to 2-92
1 Complete /
Ongoing
 May add requirements
to land use planning and new construction permits.
 Will reduce risk and
mitigate the impact of flood on new construction.

Included mitigation goals in the City of Malibu General Plan (see Mitigation Plan strategy). In addition, Flood Warning and Preparedness information is made available via the City of Malibu web site (Emergency Preparedness Library). Finally, the City of Malibu is a participant in the 2012 FEMA California Coastal Analysis and Mapping Project/Open Pacific Coast Study (CCAMP). These efforts will address gaps in required engineering and mapping for high flood risk areas impacted by coastal flooding, levee systems, and other flood hazards (e.g., lakes, rivers, and ponds). Revised flood maps have been developed and City has adjusted flood zones along the coast.

Malibu Flood
  
Malibu Flood
Mitigation Plan

1 Complete /
Ongoing
 May add requirements
to land use planning and new construction permits.
 Will reduce risk and
mitigate the impact of flood on new construction.

Flood specific goals included in the City of Malibu General Plan. Ongoing updates to mitigation goals and the General Plan are performed (as required).

Malibu Flood
   
Annual Street
Pavement Project

2 Ongoing
 Maintains critical
transportation infrastructure.

Rehabilitation work is performed annually. Projects have included Broad Beach Road, Malibu Canyon Road, Civic Center Way, and Cross Creek Road. The City continues to perform annual road rehabilitation projects as necessary.

Malibu All Hazards
            
FM Alert System

2 New
 Maintain and improve
critical communication methods during a disaster.

In the process of securing funding for the license and infrastructure, as well as funding for 2,000 residential receivers to implement an FM Alert System.

Malibu All Hazards
            
Broadband
Improvements for
Emergency
Communications

2 New
 Maintain and improve
critical communication methods during a disaster.

The City of Malibu is looking to install conduits around the city and improve Broadband Capabilities. 237
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-36
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx Westlake Village City Hazard
Specific Hazards Addressed in the HMP  Mitigation Goal  Issues Addressed  Project Name /
Strategy Priority Status
Impact on Buildings,
Infrastructure, and the
Community
Comments
Earthquake
Wildfire
Climate Change -
Drought
Energy Disruption
Windstorm
Landslide / Debris
Flow
Flood / Severe
Winter Storm
Pandemic
Terrorism / Mass
Casualty Incident
Public Awareness
Protect Life, Property and
the Environment
Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency Management
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Westlake Village
All Hazards
             
Communications
Improvements

1 Ongoing
 May add requirements
to new construction permits for communications infrastructure.  Will provide for better
response and coordination by city personnel during and after a hazardous event.

Westlake Village continues to work with wireless phone carriers to improve mobile phone reception in the areas of the city that are not adequately covered by wireless networks. The County-wide Integrated Radio System (CWIRS) was deployed. Furthermore, the City installed a satellitebased computer network that allows the EOC to connect to the Internet in the event of a disruption to the landline computer network. The system is regularly tested during power outages and the EOC is able to remain connected to the Internet.

Westlake Village
All Hazards
(except Pandemic)
           
City of Westlake
Village GIS Upgrade

1 Complete /
Ongoing
 Will reduce risk and
mitigate the impact of hazards on new construction by improving local land use planning.

The Geographic Information System was updated and higher resolution maps were created of the Westlake Reservoir, the FEMA floodplain, and the fire hazard areas. A fire hazard severity map was created. Training of personnel on the GIS was conducted and will continue to be performed on an ongoing basis.

Westlake Village
All Hazards
(includes impacts
related to Climate
Change, i.e.,
increased flood,
wildfire, etc.)
            
Emergency Power
Generation

1 Complete /
Maintenance
Ongoing
 Improves internal
capabilities at critical City facilities.

Generators were purchased for the EOC and the Community Room. The City must conduct a study to determine the feasibility of rewiring City Hall and the Community Rooms to provide entire facility rather than only select rooms with backup power in the event of an outage. Study must also be conducted to assess the practicality of replacing the City’s diesel fuel generators with battery storage units. The city of Westlake Village also entered an MOU with the Clean Power Alliance of Southern California (CPA) in October 2022 for the design, installation, and operation of a solar plus storage system with emergency power generation capability through the power ready program. The project is currently scoped to include replacement of the Civic Center roof, installation of solar panel arrays on the new roof, and installation of a battery that is large enough to provide adequate backup power generation during an emergency, inclusive of operating the cooling center at the community rooms at the Civic Center. The project is anticipated to be completed in 2025. 238
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-37
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
City Hazard
Specific Hazards Addressed in the HMP  Mitigation Goal  Issues Addressed  Project Name /
Strategy Priority Status
Impact on Buildings,
Infrastructure, and the
Community
Comments
Earthquake
Wildfire
Climate Change -
Drought
Energy Disruption
Windstorm
Landslide / Debris
Flow
Flood / Severe
Winter Storm
Pandemic
Terrorism / Mass
Casualty Incident
Public Awareness
Protect Life, Property and
the Environment
Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency Management
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Westlake Village
Wildfire
   
Smoke Detector
Installation

1 Complete /
Ongoing
 Will encourage
residents with existing structures built prior to 1986 to install smoke detectors. This will mitigate the impact of fire on existing buildings.

A program to educate the public about the importance of installing smoke detectors and replacing batteries periodically was instituted. Information was disseminated to the public through articles in a series of city newsletters.

Westlake Village
 Wildfire  Windstorm
    
Tree Census

1 Complete /
Ongoing
 May result in
additional tree clearing or maintenance requirements for new commercial and residential development properties.

The City’s Public Works personnel identified and inspected every tree on public property in the City. Trees determined to be hazardous were cut down. The City continues to assess trees annually, and trees are cycled in the program and trimmed at an average of every 3 years. In addition, a GIS tree mapping program has developed. A Heritage Tree Ordinance was also adopted in 2018 (updated in 2022/2023) to identify trees in the city with particular significance to be monitored more closely.

Westlake Village
Flood
    
Annual Street
Resurfacing Program

2 Ongoing
 Maintains critical
transportation infrastructure.

Ongoing effort. In 2016/17 completed asphalt overlay work on the following streets: Three Springs Drive, Fallview Rd., Timbridge Ct., Snowpeak Dr., Torchwood Pl., Yellowwood Dr., Aspen View Ct., Woodburn Ave., Carrie Pl., South Shore Pla., Sandpiper Ct., Royal Glen Rd., Lyndbrook Ct., Trowbridge Ct., Tynebourne Ct., Langspur Ct., Beaucroft Ct., Bedforhurst Ct., Village School Rd., Shropshire Dr., Dunraven Ct., Bain Ct., Hardfirled Ct., Havington Ct., Orchard View Ct. In 2017/2018 completed asphalt overlay work on the following streets: Kristen Lee Dr., Denver Springs Dr., Wellbrook Dr., Montview Ct., Grand Oaks Dr., Village Center Rd., and Greengate Ct. Completed 2016/17 slurry seal work on the following streets: Lindero Canyon Road , Oak Crest Drive and Park Terrace Completed slurry work in 2017/18 Three Springs neighborhood, First Neighborhood, Triunfo Canyon Rd, La Tienda Rd, and Russell Ranch Rd. For the past several years, Westlake Village has partnered with the City of Agoura Hills leading to reduced overall contract costs for both cities.
239
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-38
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
City Hazard
Specific Hazards Addressed in the HMP  Mitigation Goal  Issues Addressed  Project Name /
Strategy Priority Status
Impact on Buildings,
Infrastructure, and the
Community
Comments
Earthquake
Wildfire
Climate Change -
Drought
Energy Disruption
Windstorm
Landslide / Debris
Flow
Flood / Severe
Winter Storm
Pandemic
Terrorism / Mass
Casualty Incident
Public Awareness
Protect Life, Property and
the Environment
Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency Management
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Westlake Village
All Hazards
(includes impacts
related to Climate
Change, i.e.,
increased flood,
wildfire, etc.)             
Advanced Emergency
Training

2 Ongoing
 Improves public
preparedness and mitigation education and hazard awareness.

Advanced training is provided to CERT members every year and will continue to be provided. The COG offers 2 to 3 CERT classes every year. The City of Malibu hosted shelter training to which Westlake sent representatives. Westlake Village offers many different trainings to the CERT team and rotates topics to keep the team engaged and prepared.

Westlake Village
All Hazards
(includes impacts
related to Climate
Change, i.e.,
increased flood,
wildfire, etc.)
               
Public Emergency
Preparedness

2 Ongoing
 Improves public
preparedness and mitigation education and hazard awareness.

Emergency Preparedness Plan (for residents) updated and is available through the City’s website. Also, Los Angeles County established the California Fire Alliance which includes an information campaign aimed at educating the public about wildfire safety. In addition, the Los Angeles County Fire Department developed the Ready Set Go Wildfire Action Plan to inform residents of actions they can take to keep them safe from wildfires. Finally, Westlake Village and Agoura Hills hosted a joint emergency preparedness event in August 2010 aimed at educating the public. In coordination with the LA County Sheriff, Westlake Village held an Emergency Preparedness event in November 2022. Further public preparedness efforts ongoing.

Westlake Village
Flood
    
Triunfo Creek Bridge
Resurfacing

2 Completed
 Resurfaced bridge
deck for maintenance to reduce the risk of flood.

Completed in 2017. LA County designed and executed the construction contract.

Westlake Village
All Hazards
            
Mobile EOC

2 New
 Aims to enhance
disaster response capabilities by providing a flexible and mobile platform for city staff to deploy to an Incident Command System (ICS) while functioning as an EOC.

The City of Westlake Village would like to purchase a vehicle to serve as a mobile Emergency Operations Center. A mobile EOC would allow city staff to deploy to an ICS while operating as an EOC. This vehicle would be equipped with lights, speakers, radio repeaters, and more in order to help inform residents of ways to mitigate disasters while they occur. 240
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-39
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
City Hazard
Specific Hazards Addressed in the HMP  Mitigation Goal  Issues Addressed  Project Name /
Strategy Priority Status
Impact on Buildings,
Infrastructure, and the
Community
Comments
Earthquake
Wildfire
Climate Change -
Drought
Energy Disruption
Windstorm
Landslide / Debris
Flow
Flood / Severe
Winter Storm
Pandemic
Terrorism / Mass
Casualty Incident
Public Awareness
Protect Life, Property and
the Environment
Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency Management
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Westlake Village
Wildfire
    
Home Hardening &
Defensible Space Fire
Program

1 New /
Ongoing
 Mitigates the impact
of wildfires by enhancing the resilience of homes in a Very High Fire Severity Zone.

The City of Westlake Village would like to establish a grant program that provides funding for homeowners that will be used for home hardening. This includes vent and chimney coverings, gutter maintenance, and creation of defensible zones per Cal Fire’s specifications. Bolstering home hardening and defensible spaces will mitigate damage caused by wildfires. This program would protect residents and homes in Westlake Village, most of which is in a Very High Fire Severity Zone. (The City would need to pursue grant funding for this project.
241
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-40
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
***This page intentionally left blank***
242
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-41
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Strategy Organization
The Mitigation Strategies presented provide a listing of activities that the Region (normally through individual city departments) and citizens can implement to reduce risk. They reflect ongoing activities and future actions to be taken in order to reduce the loss of property and life.

All of the projects listed were evaluated in terms of the benefit versus cost and were found to be beneficial (see Section 5: Plan Maintenance and Monitoring, Economic Analysis of Mitigation Projects for an explanation of the evaluation process utilized).

The strategies are organized within the following matrix. Data collection, research and stakeholder participation were used to develop the hazard mitigation strategies listed. The following categories of information are provided for each strategy:

Hazard
The type of hazard that the strategy addresses. Multi-Hazard mitigation strategies provide strategies that can be applied to multiple or all hazards.

Project Name Name of the mitigation project strategy.

Status Project status, e.g., Complete, Partially Complete, Ongoing, Removed (Cancelled), Discontinued, etc.

Strategy Strategy description.

Action Items Actions that will be completed to implement (or continue) the strategy.

Coordinating Department
The department with regulatory responsibility to address the named hazard, or that is willing and able to organize resources, find appropriate funding, or oversee implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. Participating departments are listed with the main department responsible in BOLD.

Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
The estimated timeframe for implementation along with a general implementation priority.

Total Cost / Benefit Cost
Ratio (for new projects)
Estimated cost of the project.

BCR for new mitigation projects
Funding Source(s) Where the funding will be obtained.

Constraints
Constraints may apply. These constraints may include a lack of staff, lack of funds, or vested property rights which might expose the Region to legal action as a result of adverse impacts on private property.

Implementation Description A brief description of activities associated with the project.

Plan Goals Addressed The plan goals addressed by each project are divided into four categories (see check boxes below) and are included as a method to monitor and evaluate mitigation plan progress.

Public Awareness Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation Emergency Management
Detailed mitigation strategies for the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments are provided in the following sections. The mitigation strategies provide detailed action items that support the strategy. Common mitigation strategies that pertain to the entire Las Virgenes-Malibu Region are listed under “Regional Mitigation Strategies”. Mitigation strategies that focus on one jurisdiction are contained in separate sections for each city. City specific mitigation strategies were submitted from various departments within each city. Mitigation strategies were reviewed and approved by the Steering Committee and Planning Group.

243
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-42
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
***This page intentionally left blank***
244
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-43
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

HAZARD MITIGATION STRATEGY PROJECTS
The following Hazard Mitigation Strategies were included in the original Hazard Mitigation Plan.

An update on the status of each project from the previous Hazard Mitigation Plan is provided in the following tables for regional and city specific projects. Also, additional information related to mitigation activities since the previous HMP are included (as applicable) under specific projects or as new projects.

Regional Mitigation Projects
Hazard Mitigation Information Campaigns
Category Description
City All LVMCOG Cities:

Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu, Westlake Village Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Hazard Mitigation Information Campaigns
Status Ongoing / Modified
Strategy Conduct Hazard Mitigation and Disaster Preparedness Events and/or Information Campaigns to coincide with National Disaster Preparedness Month in September Action Items
 Schedule workshop and information campaign
 Develop program
 Advertise the workshop or information campaign (city web page, city TV, and local news)
 Conduct the workshop or information campaign
Coordinating Department LVMCOG, Public Safety, Emergency Management, Emergency Services Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Annual / Priority 1
Total Cost None, in-house staff time
Funding Source(s) N/A
Constraints Time / Resources
Implementation Description
Conduct public information efforts to review Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation to promote public participation and awareness. Workshop topics:
 Earthquake Mitigation and Preparedness
 Wildfire / Fire Mitigation and Preparedness
 Climate Change Mitigation and Preparedness
 Drought Mitigation and Preparedness
 Landslide Mitigation and Preparedness (including Debris Flow)  Severe Wind/Wind Storm Mitigation and Preparedness
 Severe Heat Mitigation and Preparedness
 Severe Cold Mitigation and Preparedness
 Flood and Winter Storm Mitigation and Preparedness
 Terrorism Mitigation and Preparedness
 Cyber Security Mitigation and Preparedness
Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation Emergency Management

245
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-44
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Implement Mitigation and Preparedness Campaigns
Category Description
City All LVMCOG Cities:

Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu, Westlake Village Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Implement Mitigation and Preparedness Campaigns Status Ongoing / Modified
Strategy Implement Ongoing Information Campaign to Promote Disaster Mitigation and Preparedness Action Items
All LVMCOG Cities
 Develop informational pages, announcements, and supporting materials  Obtain electronic and/or hard copy mitigation and preparedness handouts (sources include Ready.gov, NOAA, USGS, and the American Red Cross)
 Include information in city web pages and city broadcast announcements  Investigate other opportunities to reach the public such as radio interviews and press releases  CERT Training
 Participant in the County of Los Angeles Genasys Protect (Zonehaven Aware) notification project which establish designated evacuation zone area names to assist with regional evacuation notifications. A public awareness campaign was also performed to apprise all residents in the COG cities of the information platform.  Implementation of mass notification systems
Agoura Hills
 Promotion of the City’s AH Alert (CodeRed) mass notification system. Promotion include sign up masses, and social media reminder notifications  At the conclusion of COVID, worked with Los Angeles County Fire to restart community CERT training classes. First training held on July 11, 2023 in Agoura Hills.  City participated in the 2022 County of Los Angeles Fire Departments distribution of NOAA Weather Radios. Radios provide to LA County residents to keep them apprise of weather and other emergency notifications.
 2018 hosted post Woolsey Wildfire workshop with LA County Fire to answer questions, and educate residents on continued fire safety and proper equestrian evacuation  Conducted community Wildfire/Earthquake preparedness door-to-door walk with Mayor and City CERT members
 Hosted American Red Cross Shelter Management Training for applicable City EOC staff, City CERT volunteers and neighboring City employees in March 2022, July 2022, and March 2023.
 In 2022, the City updated its emergency services webpage to include a section on Home Hardening. Information and resources area available on home hardening technologies and educational pieces to assist the public with home hardening.  In 2023, the City implemented a Home Hardening Grant program, whereby one time grants in the amount of $1000 are available to eligible Agoura Hills property owners to use toward home hardening residential homes.

Coordinating
Department
LVMCOG, Public Safety, Emergency Management, Emergency Services Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 1
Total Cost None, in-house staff time
Funding Source(s) N/A
Constraints Time / Resources
Implementation
Description
Provide disaster mitigation and preparedness bulletins via city web pages, city TV, local news, and/or other media.

Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency Management
246
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-45
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Business Outreach Disaster Mitigation and Planning Program Category Description
City LVMCOG Cities:

Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Westlake Village Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Business Outreach Disaster Mitigation and Planning Program Status Ongoing / Modified
Strategy Work with local business groups (Chambers of Commerce, business associations, business parks, etc.) to encourage disaster mitigation and planning for local businesses.

Action Items
 Meet with local business groups and/or make information available to increase awareness of the Hazard Mitigation Plan, mitigation programs, and planning information.
 Make available and distribute disaster mitigation and preparedness information (information sources include Ready.gov and the American Red Cross).  Communicate to local businesses via city provided information resources (i.e., web pages, notification and alert resources, publications, etc.).

Coordinating
Department
Public Safety, Emergency Management, Emergency Services Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 1
Total Cost None, in-house staff time
Funding Source(s) N/A
Constraints Time / Resources
Implementation
Description
 Identify local business groups
 Westlake Village partners with the local chamber of commerce for a “Business Census” that identifies all businesses in Westlake Village. The last census was completed in 2017. The new version of this document will be available within the next year.
 Make information available to local business groups. Topics may include:
o Business Hazard Mitigation Programs
o Earthquake Mitigation and Preparedness for the workplace o Wildfire / Fire Mitigation and Preparedness for the workplace o Climate Change / Severe Heat / Severe Cold / Drought Mitigation and Preparedness for the workplace
o Landslide and Debris Flow Mitigation and Preparedness for the workplace o Severe Wind/Wind Storm Mitigation and Preparedness for the workplace o Flood and Severe Winter Storm Mitigation and Preparedness for the workplace o Terrorism and Mass Casualty Event Mitigation and Preparedness for the workplace
o Cybersecurity preparedness for the workplace
 Work with the Los Angeles County Sheriff to establish programs increase community involvement and vigilance. For example, the City of Westlake Village has established a Business Watch Program to disseminate information and encourage participation.  Agoura Hills AH Alert (CodeRed) mass notification system is available for businesses to register and use. Currently, there are 614 business users in the system. NOTE:

Additional Agoura Hills business outreach programs are pending.

Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation Emergency Management

247
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-46
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Continue to Implement, Revise and Maintain the Las-Virgenes-Malibu Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan
Category Description
City All LVMCOG Cities:

Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu, Westlake Village Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Continue to Implement, Revise and Maintain the Las-Virgenes-Malibu MultiJurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan Status Complete for 2018 / Maintenance Ongoing
Strategy
The LVMCOG will continue to coordinate with the cities of Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu and Westlake Village to update as needed the Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan.

Action Items
(recurring)
 Conduct an annual review of the plan.
 Implement and monitor all mitigation strategies within the stated time periods.  Plan action items will continue to address at least one, if not all, plan goals: Public Awareness, Partnership and Implementation, Protect Life, Property, and the Environment, and Emergency Management.

Agoura Hills
 The current 2018 COG HMP is available for review on the City’s website.

Coordinating
Department
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments (LVMCOG)
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Review Annually
Priority 1
Total Cost Plan Maintenance at $10K to $15K per Year
Funding Source(s) Hazard Mitigation Grant and COG
Constraints Time and Resources
Implementation
Description
The Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan was updated in 2011, 2013, and 2018 as part of the strategy.

Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management

248
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-47
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Critical Infrastructure Assessment
Category Description
City All LVMCOG Cities:

Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu, Westlake Village Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Critical Infrastructure Assessment
Status Ongoing/Modified
Strategy Conduct assessments of long term support for critical infrastructure.

Action Items

1. Continue to monitor the infrastructure that is most crucial to the city during an emergency event

2. Develop and implement strategies to ensure that the key infrastructure required by the city are available during a disaster
Coordinating Department Building and Safety
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 1
Total Cost None, in-house staff time
Funding Source(s) N/A
Constraints Time
Implementation
Description
All Cities
 Each city continually assesses the state of emergency readiness of its critical facilities.

Agoura Hills
 The following sites have been identified as critical: City Hall, EOC, Recreation & Event Center, City Yard as critical facilities. Two facilities have functional emergency power generators.
 City Hall is stocked with emergency food for 32 staff and 25 volunteers for 3 days.  The City currently has cameras installed at major intersections that can be used for road assessments.
 Additionally, the City has purchased a drone that can be used for hazard structure assessments.
 The City has installed nine (9) Beacon Boxes in several locations in the City to assist outside public safety agencies responding to the city for an emergency event, whereby important community information is available.
 Expansion of the Chesebro Interchange which include additional lanes, and left turn lanes and other improvements. Additional traffic lanes would provide assistance with egress from the northeast section of the City and equestrian community.  Installed removal traffic bollards on on Lewis Road, to provide another evacuation egress area for the northeast section of the City in the Old Agoura area to the US 101.  City assisted and worked with LACO in expediting replacement of bridge in unincorporated Agoura (Chesebro Rd) burnt by Woolsey Fire to accommodate two lanes of traffic to assist with better egress from the equestrian area Calabasas
 The City of Calabasas participated in the SCAG Earthquake Preparedness Initiative as a member of the Ventura County Cohort. Rapid assessment forms to be used post-seismic event were pre-prepared for individual structures selected using the following criteria: high occupancy, community lifeline, history of damage, geotechnical conditions, critical infrastructure, major transportation routes and vulnerable populations. Staff continues to refine the draft assessment and will conduct future training for field inspectors.  The following sites have been identified as critical: City Hall, EOC, Tennis and Swim Center, Senior Center, Founders Hall, Calabasas Community Center, De Anza Park, Creekside preschool and the City Yard as critical facilities. The City has a functional emergency power generator at City Hall.
 City Hall is stocked with emergency food and water for 30 staff and 10 volunteers for 3 days.
 The City currently has portable message signs that can be installed at major intersections that can be used for traffic control.

249
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-48
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Category Description
Project Name Critical Infrastructure Assessment (continued) Implementation
Description
Hidden Hills
 The Hidden Hills City Hall and Community Center have been designated as critical.  Back-up generator power is available at City Hall and the Community Center.  Emergency food and water stored at City Hall.

Malibu
 Back-up generator power is available at City Hall
 Emergency food, water and shelter supplies are available at City Hall Westlake Village
 The Westlake Village Civic Center (City Hall, Community Rooms, and Library) have been identified as critical infrastructure. Additional backup critical facilities include Berniece Bennett Park storage room.
 The City maintains contract staff for regular assessment of critical infrastructure and oncall availability during emergencies.  Bridges spanning the 101 freeway, waterways, and wash basins are also identified and inspected.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
250
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-49
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Emergency Shelter Identification
Category Description
City All LVMCOG Cities:

Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu, Westlake Village Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Emergency Shelter Identification
Status Ongoing/Modified
Strategy Identify buildings, areas, locations, etc. within the community that can be used as Emergency Shelters in case of a hazard event.

Action Items

1. Build relationships with local hotels

2. Educate the hotels on hazards and procedures

3. Identify emergency shelters and provide detailed instructions on how to set up when activated as an emergency shelter

4. Conduct at minimum, yearly drills at the emergency shelters Coordinating
Department
Building and Safety
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 1
Total Cost In-house staff time / Other Costs TBD
Funding Source(s) General Funds / In-house staff time
Constraints Time
Implementation
Description
All Cities
 All cities work with the American Red Cross to establish shelter sites and follow the ARC schedule of locations.
 All cities continuously evaluate potential shelter sites.

Agoura Hills
 Designated Agoura High School and Willow School as emergency shelters.  City established lodging agreements with the local hotels to accommodate City EOC workers to guarantee lodging accommodations in the event EOC employees are unable to return home from their designated shift.

Calabasas
 Identified several school locations for possible use as emergency shelters: AE Wright Middle School, AC Stelle Middle School, Viewpoint School, and Calabasas High School. Also identified Founders Hall, the Senior Center, and the Calabasas Community Center as possible shelter locations.

Hidden Hills
 The City will be purchasing a portable generator and emergency blankets for the emergency evacuation supply cache.
 Three 55 gallon water storage containers have been filled and stored.  Round Meadow School and the Community Center has been identified as evacuation locations.

Malibu
 The Malibu High School gymnasium has been screened by the Red Cross for use as an emergency shelter. The City is working with the Red Cross to identify additional locations.  The City has a Right-of Entry permit with Los Angeles County Department of Beaches and Harbors for the use of Zuma Beach parking lot during an emergency. The site may be used for staging first responders, providing support to the community, and a temporary evacuation site for community members and large animals.

251
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-50
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Category Description
Project Name Emergency Shelter Identification (continued) Implementation
Description
Westlake Village
 Calvary Community Church in Westlake Village and Civic Center Community rooms are designated as emergency shelter locations.
 Berniece Bennett Park has been identified as an outdoor location to be used as a staging area, distribution point, or triage center in the event of an emergency.  EOP is being updated.
 The City is currently in discussions with the school district regarding the school district's role in providing temporary shelter in the event of an emergency.  The City has identified additional locations including local hotels and the local YMCA facility to engage in discussions for future sheltering needs.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management

252
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-51
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Pre-Established Contracts
Category Description
City All LVMCOG Cities:

Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu, Westlake Village Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Pre-Established Contracts
Status Ongoing/Modified
Strategy Create pre-established contracts with local merchants to provide emergency items/materials in an emergency situation.

Action Items Continue to assess needs and opportunities to create relationships with local merchants for potential contracts for key supplies, i.e. water, candles, canned food, etc.

Coordinating
Department
Community Services
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 1
Total Cost None, in-house staff time
Funding Source(s) N/A
Constraints Time
Implementation
Description
Agoura Hills
 Agreements with contractors for Emergency Services assistance established. Additionally, the city’s residential franchise agreement includes language mandating emergency assistance for debris removal.
 The city currently has contracts with the following companies to assist with emergency services: Burns Construction (Public Works).
 Additionally, the city's residential franchise agreement includes language mandating emergency assistance for debris removal.
 The city is currently in discussions with the City of Thousand Oaks over Mutual Aid Agreements.
 City established lodging agreements with the local hotels to accommodate City EOC workers to guarantee lodging accommodations in the event EOC employees are unable to return home from their designated shift.

Calabasas
 Calabasas maintains contacts with local vendors and a list of contractors for emergencies.  Calabasas maintains an account with SOS Survival Products for emergency supplies.  Calabasas maintains a contract with KR Nida Communications for radio service.  The city currently has a contract with Burns Construction (Public Works) Hidden Hills
 Hidden Hills contracts with local vendors and maintains a list of contractors for emergencies.  Community Association work crews and equipment are available to the City.

Malibu
 The city maintains a list of contractors that could be called upon to provide services and necessary items in the event of an emergency. For example, Burns Pacific provides street repair services as well as debris removal, fuel for the city’s emergency generator and other services as required.

Westlake Village
 The city maintains agreements with private vendors of services in the event that City resources are overwhelmed in an emergency situation.
 Contracts are maintained for items such as generator fuel, road repair, and supplies.  City is working to establish further contracts for “First rights” of food and other supplies from local wholesale and big box retailers.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management 253
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-52
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Hazard Awareness Public/Private Partnerships
Category Description
City All LVMCOG Cities:

Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu, Westlake Village Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Hazard Awareness Public/Private Partnerships Status Ongoing/Modified
Strategy Continue to create public/private partnerships to educate and involve surrounding community regarding hazard events.

Action Items Continue to monitor opportunities to promote hazard awareness and create public/private partnerships to promote disaster preparedness and mitigation.

Coordinating
Department
Public Works, Community Services, Emergency Services
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 1
Total Cost None, in house staff time
Funding Source(s) N/A
Constraints Time
Implementation
Description
All Cities
 Continue community outreach efforts.
 Continue to provide information through each city’s web site, media platforms, and CERT Program.
 Continue to promote awareness programs through public forums, local schools, and other institutions.

Agoura Hills
 The City held a post Woolsey fire preparedness workshop in 2019 to educate businesses and residents about preparing for fire and possible evacuations. Mitigation efforts to protect their homes and businesses were discussed along with information of equine evaluation and preparedness. Multiple public safety agencies participated.  June 22, 2022, City Council Meeting hosted Genasys Protect (Zonehaven Aware) presentation to educate community on the information platform and encouraged resident to register with the platform.
 September 24, 2022 – City Hosted “Preparedness Saturday” event in the Community to provide information and education on personal preparedness, AH Alert registration, CERT training classes and the CERT program. Attendees included the County of Los Angeles Fire Department.
 2023 – City implemented a “Home Hardening Grant” program where funding is available to assist residential property owners with home hardening technology or home hardening services to assist with home hardening to prevent fires.

Calabasas
 Provides business continuity information and guidance via the city website.  Calabasas is a member of the Santa Monica Mountains Fire Safe Alliance.  Emergency Preparedness in Calabasas a Fire Safe Council (EPIC) is a part of the Calabasas EOC Organization to assist with communication.

Hidden Hills
 There is no substantial business within Hidden Hills but City does work with the Community Association and Round Meadow Elementary School for hazard education and disaster preparedness.
 Conducted a wildfire education seminar post Woolsey.
 City installed smoke detector cameras on Bonneville Road.  City continues to conduct CERT training.
 Community awareness using the monthly newsletter.

254
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-53
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Category Description
Project Name Hazard Awareness Public/Private Partnerships (continued) Implementation
Description
Malibu
 Malibu is a member of the Santa Monica Mountains Fire Safe Alliance.  Malibu is in the process of forging a public/private partnership with KBUU FM, a local radio station, to have direct access during an emergency to provide emergency information to the public. In addition, the City's 2023 Emergency Operations Plan update includes a community resource list which incorporates a variety of community organizations into the response network.

Westlake Village
 Hosted an emergency preparation seminar in which several vendors with emergency preparedness products were represented.
 City established a Public Safety Advisory Board comprised of appointed community members and Councilmembers to meet regularly and consider public safety issues.  The city Sheriff facilitates community events during “National Night Out” for residents to engage with different public safety and disaster response assets on an annual basis.

The city continues to be involved in this.
 Partnerships are being created with local homeowners’ associations and community groups to form Neighborhood Watch groups to encourage awareness and participation.

Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management

255
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-54
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Tree Pruning Program and Fire Code Sections
Category Description
City All LVMCOG Cities:

Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu, Westlake Village Hazard Windstorm / Wildfire
Project Name Tree Pruning Program and Fire Code Sections Status Ongoing/Modified
Strategy Create local City and utility awareness of tree pruning and Fire Code sections relevant to wind-resistant utility operations
Action Items

1. Continue to review and update current codes on tree pruning

2. Continue to conduct assessments of trees within each city that can pose a safety hazard

3. Implement (as needed) new codes regarding tree maintenance in each city’s general plan
Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 1
Total Cost None, in-house staff time
Funding Source(s) N/A
Constraints Time
Implementation
Description
All Cities
 All cities within the region are serviced by the Los Angeles County Fire Department.

Requirements related to tree pruning and brush clearances are contained in the Los Angeles County Fire Code, Section 1117, "Clearance of Brush and Vegetation Growth”.
 All cities have tree pruning/maintenance programs and distribute information related to tree pruning and brush clearance via hardcopy and city websites. Examples include “A Roadmap to Fire Safety” and annual brush clearance mailers distributed by Los Angeles County.
 Additional fire prevention requirements are contained in the California Fire Code and Los Angeles County Fire Code.
 Calabasas has identified numerous dead trees after the 2018 Woolsey Fire and is removing them.

Agoura Hills
 2023 – City implemented a “Home Hardening Grant” program where funding is available to assist residential property owners with fire ignitable vegetation removal.

Hidden Hills
 City has sent out public information on most fire retardant trees.  The City has expanded the brush clearance perimeter for communities near open space areas from the required 100 feet to 200 feet.

Westlake Village
 Westlake Village conducts tree pruning each year. Trees are cycled in the program and cut at an average of every 3 years.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management

256
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-55
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Communications Hardening
Category Description
City All LVMCOG Cities:

Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu, Westlake Village Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Communications Hardening
Status Ongoing
Strategy Continue to monitor and act to update, revise, upgrade communications networks, facilities, equipment, etc. in the Region to avoid communications problems during a hazard event.

Action Items
Continue to monitor and implement actions to harden each city’s communications, including:

1. Antenna lease programs to avoid “black spots” in the Region

2. Additional repeaters to existing radio systems

3. Backup generators

4. MOU’s with communications companies

5. Additional or upgraded wireless communication, (such as handheld radios) equipment for EOC’s

6. Engage telecom providers in the development of a fiber broadband network.

Coordinating
Department
Public Works, Building and Safety
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 2
Total Cost $100,000
Funding Source(s) FEMA HMGP funds or internal funding
Constraints Funding
Implementation
Description
Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Westlake:
 Established (CodeRed) Finalisite Connect Inc.’s Connect-CTY system which allows each city to send out emergency messages to residents' communication devices, email accounts, and social media platforms.
 Deployed the County-wide Integrated Radio System (CWIRS).  Continued participation in the Operational Area Response and Recovery System (OARRS).
 The LA County Sheriff's Department implemented NIXLE which is a system to send geographically specific text messages and E-mails.

Agoura Hills
 Established AH Alert (CodeRed) mass notification system which allows each city to send out emergency messages to residents' communication devices, email accounts, and social media platforms.
 The city also possesses, via Area B, and mobile base station that permits radio communication with LA County OEM, other cities, and public safety agencies.  The City of Agoura Hills possesses a BGAN Mobile Satellite Communication System to ensure reliable communications backup if EOC communication system is not available.
 The city has enhanced the CERT Volunteer repeater
 The city has established multiple social media accounts, such as “X” (Twitter), Instagram etc., accounts which are used for disseminating information.  The City has 12 handheld radios to assist with emergency communication.  The city currently uses an APP "See Click FIix" which is can be used to help identify hazards during severe weather events.
 The city has 17 CERT Volunteers licensed HAM operators. The City EOC also has a ham radio received and equipment to communicate with its volunteers and other ham operators.
 At its Kimberly Peak site, a new communication tower will be constructed by LA RICS.

257
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-56
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Category Description
Project Name Communications Hardening (continued)
Implementation
Description
(continued)
 The City established a Communication Manager position to assist with over general communications, including emergency communications.
 Via grant funding, the City has purchased twelve (12) satellite phones for the EOC to ensure constant and available communication should all other forms of communications fail.
 The City purchases a very small aperture terminal (VAST) system to allow for emergency satellite communication in a mobile EOC environment.  The City has purchased a Emergency Communications vehicle to assist in the creation of a “mobile EOC” environment.
 The City participates in quarterly radio communication drills with Area B cities utilizing the County issues radios and mobile base stations.
 The City contract with Gieger Fuel to supply fueling for the city’s emergency generator to keep communication devices operational.

Calabasas
 Acquired a portable repeater for the Calabasas radio system.  Implemented portable satellite Internet and phone capabilities (Portable Global Satellite Internet & Phone BGAN)
 Implemented portable and stationary battery backup for AM radio, city radio and amateur (Ham) radio. Stationary backup batteries in city repeater.  Implemented remote messaging capability for the AM radio station.  Conducts a Calabasas Emergency Response Program (CERP) radio check on a weekly basis.
 Planning staffare actively engaged with telecom carriers to increase wireless cell phone coverage and provide power back-up to existing wireless facilities.

Hidden Hills
 Maintains two satellite phones and two-way radios with repeaters.  Communications with all agencies.
 Hidden Hills Has a mobile command post (emergency vehicle/fire truck)  Continuously evaluates deficiencies and improvement options. The City continues to monitor improvements in cellular reception.
 Maintains an emergency generator at City Hall with a 2-week back-up fuel supply that will sustain the city’s communication capabilities.
 The City has several licensed amateur radio operators.  The City has installed antennas, repeaters and base stations throughout the City with solar and battery power backup.
 A fiber optic plan is being worked on by the community to provide high speed Internet and help provide WiFi cell service.

Malibu
 Established Everbridge system which allows each city to send out emergency messages to residents' telephones.
 Maintains a generator with the capability to operate all critical communications, I.T. and Emergency Operations Center (EOC) functions.
 Participates in monthly radio drills with Disaster Management Area B partners.  Maintains Emergency Public Information (EPI) outlets via “X” (Twitter), Facebook and NIXLE, and has a Media Information Officer to run the EPI systems.  Maintains WiFi zones for public use at major City parks.  The City has installed antennas, repeaters and base stations throughout the City to establish radio communications with Fire, Sheriff, Amateur (Ham) radio operators and volunteer responders via radios installed in the VOPs office, which is located immediately adjacent to the City’s EOC.

258
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-57
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Category Description
Project Name Communications Hardening (continued)
Implementation
Description
(continued)
Westlake Village
 Maintains a satellite computer network that will allow the EOC to access the Internet even if the landline-based network is disrupted.
 Maintains a disaster response radio room with radio equipment capable of communicating with multiple counties and agencies.
 Maintains radio network with disaster response team members and regular testing  Purchased a mobile satellite system (BGAN) to provide WiFi communication backup if EOC communication system is not available.
 Established a social media presence as an additional source of information dissemination.  Installed roof mounted radio antenna switch for handheld radio access.  The Current repeater tower located on Via Colinas will be repaired in the fiscal year. The city hall system still works.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management US 101 Freeway Corridor Improvement Study
Category Description
City All LVMCOG Cities:

Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu, Westlake Village Hazard All Hazards
Project Name US 101 Freeway Corridor Improvement Study
Status Complete / Monitoring and Mitigation Projects Scheduled Strategy
Documented potential solutions to the transportation deficiencies of the 40-mile transportation corridor including, and surrounding (city streets and public transportation), the US 101 Freeway from State Route 23 in Thousand Oaks to State Route 110 in Downtown Los Angeles.

Action Items Implement (if feasible) action items from the study and continue to monitor the corridor for opportunities for improvement.

Coordinating
Department
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments, Los Angeles Department of Transportation, Caltrans, Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transit Authority (METRO), Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG)
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Complete / Monitoring Ongoing /
Priority 2
Total Cost $4.5 million
Funding Source(s) Grants from Metro and SCAG
Constraints Funding, Community Support
Implementation
Description
 The City of Agoura Hills completed the construction of the US 101 Chesebro Interchange improvement project and now provides additional lanes for easier egress out the north eastern portion of the city.
 The City of Calabasas completed a roundabout at Calabasas Road and Mureau Road Bridge.
 The Lindero Canyon Interchange project construction was completed.  Hidden Hill’s project to improve circulation at the 101/Long Valley entrance is out to bid. Construction should commence in 2024.

Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management

259
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-58
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Emergency Preparedness Public Awareness Campaigns
Category Description
City All LVMCOG Cities:

Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu, Westlake Village Hazard Multi-Hazard
Project Name Emergency Preparedness Public Awareness Campaigns Status Ongoing
Strategy A comprehensive program that would educate citizens about local hazards and what to do in case of hazard events.

Action Items

1. Continue to provide the public with information regarding hazards

2. Create public service TV shows on local cable channels

3. Obtain matched funding through partnerships with local business community Coordinating
Department
Community Services
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 2
Total Cost $30,000
Funding Source(s) FEMA grants and/or internal funds
Constraints Funding
Implementation
Description
All Cities
 Los Angeles County, State, and Federal government established the California Fire Alliance which includes an information campaign aimed at educating the public about wildfire safety.
 The Los Angeles County Fire Department developed the Ready Set Go Wildfire Action Plan to promote wildfire mitigation and preparedness.  LA County Shake Out Exercise is conducted annually.
 Distribute information campaigns and educational materials via city-owned TV, web sites, newsletters, handouts, CERT programs, and social media.

Agoura Hills
 The City of Agoura Hills continues to air public service announcements and programs information aimed at educating the public about emergency preparedness and mitigation on its local TV channel. The program runs 24/7.  The City continues to hosts personal emergency training twice per year for the general public. (CERT).
 The City's local disaster response team hosts informational training sessions several times per year. Meetings are open to the general public.  The City hosted a “Preparedness Saturday” event on September 24, 2022, to educate the community on personal preparedness. LA County Fire and the City’s CERT volunteers were also present at the event.

The City hosted a “Public Safety Symposium” on April 20, 2023, with LA County Sheriff and LA County Fire and provided information on safety and preparedness.

The event included a question and answers session.

Calabasas
 C TV – The Calabasas Channel airs public safety meetings and other emergency preparedness programs on local cable.
 Calabasas website has educational information about disaster preparedness.  Map Your Neighborhood (MYN) Program serves to organize and educate residents in preparation for responding to a disaster.
 AM radio – Calabasas radio 1630 AM for emergency broadcast information.  Finalsite Connect- WEA messaging.

260
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-59
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Category Description
Project Name Emergency Preparedness Public Awareness Campaigns (continued) Implementation
Description
Hidden Hills
 Preparedness information is made available via the City’s web page, handouts, TV Channel, and City and Community Association newsletters.  Hidden Hills conducted a public workshop and training for Wildfire evacuation for residents and large animals.
 Ongoing CERT training.

Malibu
 Malibu airs multi-hazard public safety announcements on local television.  Malibu’s Media Team regularly posts preparedness information on all social media outlets.
 Preparedness Public Service Announcements are regularly aired on Malibu’s local radio station KBUU.
 CERT classes are offered to the public three times each year.  Public Safety and Education events are held regularly throughout the year.

Westlake Village
 Westlake Village continues to provide TV, web site, newsletter (including video) and media information campaigns aimed at emergency preparedness and disaster mitigation.
 Social media page established to increase awareness and participation.  “How To” video being developed to encourage residents to sign up to emergency notification systems.

Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management Risk Assessment Project
Category Description
City All LVMCOG Cities:

Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu, Westlake Village Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Risk Assessment Project
Status Ongoing
Strategy Conduct a comprehensive city by city risk assessment of life and property in direct earthquake, fire, landslide and flood zones.

Action Items
 Monitor existing hazard zones and identify new hazard zones within each city of the Las Virgenes-Malibu COG Region (including new parcels and units).  Continue to update existing information as data becomes available and identify valuations of new buildings.
 Continue to improve and/or add GIS technologies to better map hazard areas.  Conduct GIS training for internal staff (as applicable).

Coordinating
Department
Planning, Public Works, Information Technology, Building and Safety Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 2
Total Cost $50,000
Funding Source(s) FEMA HMGP funds
Constraints Funding and resources

261
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-60
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Category Description
Project Name Risk Assessment Project (continued)
Implementation
Description
All Cities
 Continuously monitoring risk exposure updating information as circumstances change and as new data becomes available.
 Continue to add disaster mitigation goals, policies, and strategies in General Plans (as needed).
 Continue to improve GIS capabilities (as needed) to better map community hazards and enable better planning decisions.

Agoura Hills
 The City of Agoura Hills was scheduled to conduct another comprehensive risk assessment of the city in 2019 (LossCAP Program Risk Management Evaluation, December 2015), but was delayed due to COVID. The City is scheduling to perform the assessment in 2023-2024.
 The City of Agoura Hills updated its Geographic Information System (Archmap v.10.5). In addition, the City budgets $10,000 annually for GIS consultant services.  The City of Agoura Hills General Plan 2035 was adopted on March 24, 2010 and provides Community Safety hazard mitigation policies for flood, geological and seismic hazards, fire, hazardous materials, and emergency preparedness.  The 2021-2029 Housing Element update resulted in additional updates to many of the portions of the 20235 General Plan. Due to substantial changes to the 2010 EIR, a subsequent EIR was prepared and adopted in 2022.
 The City is preparing to perform “utility undergrounding” project of distribution lines on Agoura Rd, from Ladyface Court to Kanan Rd.
 In 2024, the City is schedule to perform additional “utility undergrounding” on Cornell Rd, south of Agoura Rd to Cornell Way.
 In 2024, the City plans to conduct additional “utility undergrounding”, as part of the City Linear Park project. Underground area identified are Roadside Dr to South of Agoura Rd.

Calabasas
 As part of the SCAG Post Earthquake Preparedness Initiative and as Ventura Cohort, the City developed a draft comprehensive listing of hazards, including high power So.

California Edison transmission lines, water tanks, high pressure So. Ca Gas Company lines, vulnerable structures, unstable geotechnical conditions, Las Virgenes Water District treatment facilities and flood maps. The information was compiled for use in post-event rapid assessment inspections.
 The City of Calabasas Emergency Operations Plan was adopted on May 24, 2023.  The City of Calabasas Transportation and Safety Element of the General Plan was adopted on April 26, 2023

262
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-61
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Category Description
Project Name Risk Assessment Project (continued)
Implementation
Description
Hidden Hills
 The City of Hidden Hills General Plan continually monitored and updated (as needed) to identify elements requiring updates. Seismic, fire, landslide, flooding, and other hazardous risk programs are assessed. The General Plan is currently being assessed for a potential update.
 The City of Hidden Hills continues to work with SCE to replace overhead power lines and poles with underground electrical systems. City of Hidden Hills mapped all utility poles within the City.

Malibu
 The Building and Safety Department conducted a survey to identify all of the soft story structures in the City.
 The City of Malibu upgrades its GIS every year, including staffing, education, and equipment improvements.
 A tree removal program was carried out to remove dead trees in the public right-ofway power line space to mitigate potential fire risks.  An assessment was conducted to evaluate overloaded/aging power and communication poles in the City.
 The City of Malibu General Plan was adopted in July 2009 and is updated regularly as needed. The General Plan includes a Safety and Health Element that provides guidelines for reducing the potential for loss of life, injuries, damage to property, and social and economic dislocation resulting from major hazards throughout the community. The revised Hazard Mitigation Plan will become the new Safety Element in the General Plan.

Westlake Village
 Fire hazard zones were identified and a GIS fire hazard map was developed. Westlake Village relies on state’s Fire Severity Zone mapping of the entire community.  Westlake Village has maps for each community but primarily uses Know Your Zone from LA County. Association in the City aid in individualized emergency alerts.

Westlake Village also has Finalsite Connect to message individual communities.  Flood hazard zones related to Triunfo Creek and Three Springs Dam were identified and mapped using GIS. To identify flood zones Westlakes engineering team uses CALOES maps for review.
 Training was conducted and will continue to be conducted on an ongoing basis.  City staff met with Cal Fire officials to review and approve safety elements of the General Plan update.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management

263
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-62
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Rehabilitation of Residential Properties
Category Description
City All LVMCOG Cities:

Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu, Westlake Village Hazard
 Earthquake
 Wildfire
 Windstorm
 Debris Flow
Project Name Rehabilitation of Residential Properties
Status Ongoing/Modified
Strategy Provide funds for low/moderate income residents to improve health and safety conditions.

Action Items
Continue to investigate opportunities and funding to mitigate hazards by providing funds, equipment and/or materials to residents that cannot afford to repair households that might pose safety hazards
Coordinating Department Building and Safety
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 2
Total Cost Up to $35,000 per household
Funding Source(s) FEMA and/or CDBG Funds
Constraints Funding
Implementation
Description
Agoura Hills
 January 2023, the City adopted an Ordinance amending the 2022 California Green Building standards to establish a reach code and adopt all electrical building requirements to help build resiliency during climate change.  2023 – The City initiated a Home Hardening Grant Program to assist residential property owners with implementing Home Hardening technologies at their residences.

Calabasas
 Calabasas maintains a Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) housing rehabilitation program that provides loans and grants to low and moderate income residents for emergency repairs, improvements to sub-standard properties, corrections for code violations, seismic retrofits and removal of lead-based paint and asbestos hazards. Up to a maximum of $7,500 and deferred zero percent loans of up to $15,000 are available to eligible homeowners who qualify as low or moderate income under U.S. Housing and Urban Development guidelines.

Hidden Hills
 The City has an aggressive program to eliminate all wood shake roofs. There are approximately 10 wood shake roofs left.

Malibu
 The City does not currently have a home rehabilitation program.

Westlake Village
 Home renovation projects to address safety hazards (as well as other repairs to improve the livability or energy efficiency of the house) for low and moderate income residents are considered on an individual basis as a part of the Housing Rehab Program funded through the federal Community Development Block Grant program.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management

264
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-63
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Advanced Community Training
Category Description
City All LVMCOG Cities:

Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu, Westlake Village Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Advanced Community Training
Status Ongoing/Modified
Strategy Provide advanced emergency training for community members.

Action Items

1. Provide CPR training for residents

2. Provide EMT training for residents

3. Provide more Automatic External Defibrillators (AED)

4. Provide training for residents and staff to be certified to operate AED’s already present at some public buildings within the Region

5. Provide Advanced Emergency Training for residents

6. Provide Evacuation Training for Residents- KNOW YOUR ZONE GENASYS Coordinating
Department
Community Services, Los Angeles County Fire Department
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 3
Total Cost $25,000
Funding Source(s) FEMA HMGP funds
Constraints Funding, time
Implementation
Description
Agoura Hills
 The City of Agoura offers 2 CERT classes annually and continues to offer these classes. These classes are open to anyone who wishes to attend - residents and nonresidents.  CERT members participated in community events in order to give residents an opportunity to learn more about emergency preparedness and to promote the CERT training classes.
 The City hosted American Red Cross Shelter Training in March 2022, July 2022 and March 2023 for City Staff and CERT Volunteers, and neighboring jurisdiction staff to educate on requirements for shelter management.
 The city currently has 28 active and trained members of the public on its CERT Disaster Response Team.
 Bi-annual CPR/AED 1st Aid Training Classes are offered to active DRT Members.  Five Active Members of the City's DRT have received advanced medical training. The city will continue to offer this training to its DRT members as they become available.  There are currently 17 licensed Amateur Radio CERT volunteers.  The City’s CERT volunteers continue to train in disaster response, providing first aid at community events, and received CPR/AED and basic first aid training every two years.
 CERT volunteers have received and continued to receive Shelter Management training to assist city staff.
 CERT volunteer has received active shooter response training.  July 11, 2023, LA County CERT training was provided to the community. The six weeks course provides training on personal preparedness to class attendees.

265
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-64
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Category Description
Project Name Advanced Community Training (continued)
Implementation
Description
Calabasas
 Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) classes offered to residents annually.  CPR/AED/First Aid training for volunteers of the city continues to be offered.  Implemented a basic training component for residents in the MYN campaign.  Promotes amateur radio licensing classes on a quarterly basis to become a HAM radio operator. Over 100 ham radio licenses earned per year.
 Calabasas will provide in person and social media outreach to HOAs to enhance awareness on evacuation zones and procedures.

Hidden Hills
 The CERT team has continuing training in disaster response, first aid and evacuation shelter setup.
 The CERT first aid medical equipment trailer has been checked and updated.  City staff and CERT team members have been trained in active shooter response, CPR and AED use.
 City emergency vehicle/fire truck fire equipment
Malibu
 3 CERT classes are offered in Malibu every year. The City currently has trained over 300 members of the public in CERT.
 Approximately 30 CERT graduates have completed additional training, registered as disaster services workers and are part of the official Malibu CERT Team. CPR/AED and First Aid classes are offered once a year at City Hall.

Westlake Village
 Westlake Village sends representatives to shelter training hosted by the American Red Cross when possible.
 Provide staff and Disaster Response Team members with access to CPR/AED/First Aid training.
 2-3 CERT classes available to residents of Westlake Village annually in conjunction with the LA County Fire Department
Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
Other Regional Hazard Mitigation Efforts
In addition to the regional mitigation projects listed, the following ongoing efforts are applicable for each city:
 New construction developments must meet all Los Angeles County Codes to mitigate the risk of earthquake, fire, and other disasters.
 There is a fuel modification program to mitigate the threat of wildfire that impacts structures that are within 200 feet of a state or national park. 266
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-65
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Agoura Hills Mitigation Projects
Advanced Emergency Training
Category Description
City Agoura Hills
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Advanced Emergency Training
Status Ongoing
Strategy Provide advanced emergency management training to city personnel and the public.

Action Items
 Utilize existing programs such as CERT to provide advanced emergency training to volunteers.
 Promote advanced emergency management training to city personnel including FEMA emergency management courses. .

Coordinating
Department
Emergency Management
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 1
Total Cost $2,275 and $4,263
Funding Source(s) Area B EMPG Grants
Constraints Time
Implementation
Description
 Improve Public and Staff preparedness by implementing advanced Emergency Training through existing and/or new programs. For example, the City of Agoura Hills conducted advanced medical training for CERT volunteers. Additionally, in 2022 and 2023 the City hosted American Red Cross Shelter Training for City Staff and CERT Volunteers to educate on requirements for shelter management. Further, the City of Agoura Hills hosted the Fire Preparedness Workshop in 2019 to educate the community on personal Fire Preparedness.
 The City has sent multiple EOC staff members to FEMA/CALOES training sessions on Finance, Operations, and Logistics.
 City staff also participated in CALOES Emergency Executive Management training held in the City of Calabasas.

Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
267
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-66
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Agoura Road Widening
Category Description
City Agoura Hills
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Agoura Road Widening
Status Ongoing / Roadway Complete, Environmental Mitigation Ongoing Strategy Improve Multi-Modal Access, Emergency Bi-Pass, Improve Operational Capacity Action Items  Secure Funding, Design Process ,Right of Way, Construction, Environmental Mitigation  Final mitigation completed – May 22, 2022
Coordinating
Department
Start Sept. 2010 / Completion Fall of 2018 / Priority 1 Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Complete / Priority 1
Total Cost $36,000,000
Funding Source(s) Measure R
Constraints Funding
Implementation
Description
Roadway Complete
Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management 268
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-67
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Annual Street Pavement Rehabilitation Project
Category Description
City Agoura Hills
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Annual Street Pavement Rehabilitation Project Status Ongoing / Under Design
Strategy
Maintain critical infrastructure - Reduce the potential for loss of life, injury, and economic damage to Agoura Hills residents and businesses by keeping the public roads in a state of good repair.

Action Items
 Repair and maintain local streets to ensure ingress/egress routes are clear and improve environmental safety.
 Advertise for bids. Award contract.
 Complete construction.

Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
FY 2019-20 – Out to Bid 5/22/2019/End of September 2019 FY2020-21 – Out to Bid 4/14/20; End of September 2020
FY 2022-23 – Out to Bid 5/11/23; End of September 2023
Total Cost FY 2019/20 $345,555; FY 2021-22 $992,000/FY 2022-23 - $810,000 Funding Source(s) Measure R (Local, Road Rehab Fund), STP-L, SBI Funds; Prop C Funds Constraints Funding
Implementation
Description
Remove & Reconstruct asphalt, and base. Replace curb ramps to current ADA Standards.

Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation Emergency Management
Fairview Road Improvement Project
Category Description
City Agoura Hills
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Fairview Road Improvement Project
Status Completed
Strategy Maintain critical infrastructure for emergency egress on Fairview Road.

Action Items  Obtain approvals
Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Complete / Priority 1
Total Cost TBD
Funding Source(s) General Fund / State Funding
Constraints Resources and Funding
Implementation
Description
Obtain road improvement funding and approvals for Fairview Road.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
269
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-68
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Roadside Bridge Widening
Category Description
City Agoura Hills
Hazard Earthquake/Wildfire
Project Name Roadside Bridge Widening
Status Ongoing / Completing Design and Permitting
Strategy
Reduce the potential for loss of life, injury, and economic damage to Agoura Hills residents and businesses from earthquake, wildfire, landslides, and the impacts of these hazards.

Increase City's ability to serve the community during disaster response and recovery by mitigating risks to key infrastructure.

Action Items  Begin and complete construction
Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
August 2018 - August 2019/ Priority 2
Total Cost $2,000,000
Funding Source(s) HBP and Toll Credits
Constraints Limited right of way
Implementation
Description
Widen bridge to eliminate bottleneck. Install sidewalk.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
Palo Camado Bridge Widening
Category Description
City Agoura Hills
Hazard Earthquake/Wildfire
Project Name Palo Camado Bridge Widening
Status Ongoing / Completing Design and Permitting
Strategy
Reduce the potential for loss of life, injury, and economic damage to Agoura Hills residents and businesses from earthquake, wildfire, landslides, and the impacts of these hazards.

Increase City's ability to serve the community during disaster response and recovery by mitigating risks to key infrastructure.

Action Items  Begin and complete construction
Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
July 2018 - July 2020/ Priority 3
Total Cost $21 Million
Funding Source(s) Measure R and Measure M
Constraints Limited bridge height
Implementation
Description
Widen bridge to increase capacity. Install traffic signals and sidewalks. Seismic retrofit.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management

270
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-69
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Culvert and Drain Improvements and Erosion Mitigation
Category Description
City Agoura Hills
Hazard Flood/Severe Winter Storm/Landslide/Debris Flow
Project Name Culvert and Drain Improvements and Erosion Mitigation Status New / Ongoing
Strategy Replace damaged drains and erosion, while enhancing the capability of culverts /drain inlets to today’s building standards
Action Items
 Secure funding (in progress)
 Design replacement of drains
 Replace damaged drains and improve the capability of culverts Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
2024 / Priority 2
Total Cost / BCR $400,000 / 1.68
Funding Source(s) FEMA and General Funding
Constraints Time and Funding
Implementation
Description
Improve drain and culvert capabilities to reduce the risk of flooding and landslides.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
271
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-70
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Other City of Agoura Hills Mitigation Efforts
Emergency Power Generation
The City of Agoura Hills has completed implementation of emergency power generation capabilities for selected critical City locations. This furthers the City’s ability to maintain continuity of operations during a power disruption.

Public Awareness
The City airs public service announcements via the City television channel and provides information through its web site, newsletters, and community events to promote emergency preparedness within the community. Examples are provided below:

The City of Agoura Hills utilizes the Connect-CTY (Finalsite Inc.) system to provide residents with critical information such as emergency notifications and targeted community outreach bulletins (such as road closures). Residents are encouraged to sign-up for the program via the City TV channel and newsletters. Currently the City has more than 7,100 residents signed-up for Connect-CTY.
272
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-71
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Calabasas Mitigation Projects
Fire Code Update
City Calabasas
Hazard Wildfire
Project Name Fire Code Update8
Status Complete
Strategy Review and update existing city codes
Action Items
 Review existing codes relevant to fire protection and prevention in the wildland interface
 Work with Los Angeles County Fire Department to enforce new codes Coordinating
Department
Los Angeles County Fire Department and Community Development Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Complete / Priority 1
Total Cost None, in-house staff time
Funding Source(s) N/A
Constraints Time
Implementation
Description
Calabasas Building and Safety Staff changes to the fire code pending the next triennial cycle of the LA County Fire Code for review.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management Incentive Based Lot Mergers
City Calabasas
Hazard Wildfire
Project Name Incentive Based Lot Mergers
Status Complete
Strategy Initiate process to provide incentive for residents to merge smaller lots Action Items
 Begin process to educate and provide incentive for residents to consolidate small lots into one larger lot
 Encourage homes to be developed with enough distance from one another in order to prevent the spread of fires
Coordinating
Department
Community Development
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Complete / Priority 2
Total Cost $1,000,000
Funding Source(s) FEMA HMGP funds
Constraints Funding, community participation
Implementation
Description
The General Plan update incentivizing small lot mergers was completed and adopted by the City Council in 2008. The 2010 Development Code updates reflect such policies. No additional incentives are required at this time.

Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
8 http://www.cityofcalabasas.com/departments/fire.html - All fire services are provided to residents through contract with the Consolidated Fire Protection District of Los Angeles County. The City receives fire protection and paramedic services as well as wildland fire protection and forestry tree service
273
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-72
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Green Streets Program
Category Description
City Calabasas
Hazard Flooding
Project Name Green Streets Program
Status New/Ongoing
Strategy
Create landscaped catch-basins within the right of way to capture, treat and infiltrate storm water runoff. Designed to catch rainwater at its source, the improvements work to avoid flooding and retain water resources for future use rather than allowing run-off into storm drains and ultimately the ocean.

Action Items
Continue to investigate opportunities for future installations of green street locations throughout the city.

Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing
Priority 2
Total Cost / BCR Current Phase: $5,000,000 / 1.97
Funding Source(s) Measure M, Prop. 1 (Rd 1)
Constraints Funding
Implementation
Description
Calabasas has started a Green Streets program of locating green street improvements citywide. As funding becomes available, we will prioritize locations that best serve the objectives of flooding mitigation and sustainability.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and
Implementation
X Emergency Management
274
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-73
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Mulholland Highway – Phase I & II
Category Description
City Calabasas
Hazard Flooding/Landslide/Debris Flow/Mudslide
Project Name Mulholland Highway – Phase I & II
Status New/Under Design
Phase I under construction; Phase II in design
Strategy Construct retaining wall, storm drain and pedestrian sidewalk improvements to increase safety for pedestrians and retain slope from failure during heavy water events.

Action Items
Design and construct improvements unique to this area and geography.

Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Feb. 2024
Priority 2
Total Cost / BCR $5,500,000 / 2.05
Funding Source(s) Measure M
Constraints Difficult coordination with other agencies (i.e. school district, utilities) Implementation
Description
Construction of retaining wall, sidewalk improvements and necessary utility relocation has begun on Phase I. Design of Phase II is underway.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and
Implementation
X Emergency Management
275
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-74
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
West Calabasas Road Improvements
Category Description
City Calabasas
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name West Calabasas Road Improvements
Status New/Under Design
Strategy Seek areas to install multi-modal improvements improving traffic safety for all users.

Addresses Slope Erosion, Traffic Safety, and Pedestrian-Bicycle Safety.

Action Items
 Slope stabilization – retaining wall or pinned shotcrete in erosion prone areas  Road improvements for greater traffic flow and safety (i.e. left turn lane, bypass lane, protected bike and pedestrian improvements)
Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
2025
Priority 2
Total Cost / BCR $3,230,000 / 1.71
Funding Source(s) Measure R
Constraints Funding / Staff Resources
Implementation
Description
 Currently in the design phase of the project
 Following design, bid project for construction
Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency Management
Citywide Weed Abatement Program
Category Description
City Calabasas
Hazard Wildfire
Project Name Citywide Weed Abatement Program
Status New/Ongoing
Strategy Systematic abatement of weeds and brush in City Parks, and neighborhood districts.

Action Items
Contract with a landscape contractor to clear weeds, grass and dead plants to 200 feet from structures in city parks, public roadways and designated areas within Calabasas’ four landscape Maintenance and Lighting Districts. Addresses weeds and other plant fuel too close to homes.

Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing
Priority 1
Total Cost / BCR $2,100,000 annually / 1.05
Funding Source(s) City general landscape maintenance fund and LMD/LLD district revenues Constraints Funding
Implementation
Description
Calabasas is in the second year of a four-year agreement to abate weeds, grass and dead plants.

Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and
Implementation
X Emergency Management
276
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-75
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Las Virgenes Creek Restoration III
Category Description
City Calabasas
Hazard Flooding
Project Name Las Virgenes Creek Restoration III
Status New/Under Design
Strategy Restore creek and serving infrastructure for enhanced recreational use and wildlife preservation.

Action Items
Addresses sustainability/clean water, as well as wildlife preservation. Currently preparing grant applications for preliminary design.

Issue RFP for restoration
Award Contract
Scope:
 Repair and maintain storm drain outlets
 Implement “soft-bottom” improvements
 Initiate naturalization efforts at key locations(Lost Hills Rd & Las Virgenes Rd)  Trash pick-up as part of creek cleanup
 Develop a connection to the County’s hiking trail network  Potential development of fish passage infrastructure
 On-going monitoring of creek/water cleanliness
Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
2027
Priority 2
Total Cost / BCR $4,500,000 / 1.49
Funding Source(s) Measure W
Constraints Time / Resources
Implementation
Description
Developing partnership with other interested jurisdictions and environmental agencies to jointly seeking funding for preliminary design. Following preliminary design, partnership will seek construction funding and contractor.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and
Implementation
Emergency Management

277
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-76
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Upgrade Data Warehouse Storage
Category Description
City Calabasas
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Upgrade Data Warehouse Storage
Status New/Ongoing
Strategy Upgrade Data Warehouse to enhance cloud-based capabilities in the event that onpremises servers are not available.

Action Items

1. Identify the qualified service provider who can provide this service.

2. Identify the plan and capacity for the DR site

3. Purchase DR service
Coordinating
Department
Information Technology
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
2024
Priority 1
Total Cost / BCR Estimated cost $40-50K per year / 8.21 Funding Source(s) General Fund and hopefully some grant Constraints Funding and staffing
Implementation
Description
To setup a cloud-based DR site for the city data infostructure. Users can still access the data in the event the on-prem data servers are not available.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and
Implementation
X Emergency Management
Las Virgenes Road Embankment and Shoulder Repair
Category Description
City Calabasas
Hazard Landslide/Debris Flow / Flood/Winter Storm
Project Name Las Virgenes Road Embankment and Shoulder Repair Status New
Strategy Storm damage repair and future damage prevention/mitigation Action Items
Design and construction of slope and shoulder stabilization and installation of RSP to prevent future slope washout. Limit potential for future slope failures, and protect the road surface from being undermined by future slope distress.

Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
2024 / Priority 2
Total Cost / BCR $231,440 / 15.51
Funding Source(s) FEMA
Constraints Funding/Staff Resources
Implementation
Description
 Damage assessment
 Preliminary engineering
Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and
Implementation
X Emergency Management

278
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-77
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
McCoy Creek Mitigation/Restoration
Category Description
City Calabasas
Hazard Landslide/Debris Flow / Flood/Winter Storm
Project Name McCoy Creek Mitigation/Restoration
Status New
Strategy Storm damage repair and mitigation
Action Items
Design and construct streambank stabilization and embankment reconstruction: section of parking lot pavement and AC dike repair. Limit potential for future slope failures, and protect the road surface from being undermined by future slope distress.

Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
2024 / Priority 2
Total Cost / BCR $500,200 / 1.43
Funding Source(s) FEMA
Constraints Funding/Staff Resources
Implementation
Description
 Damage assessment
 Preliminary engineering
Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and
Implementation
X Emergency Management

279
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-78
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Emergency Power for Critical Facilities
Category Description
City Calabasas
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Emergency Power for Critical Facilities
Status New
Strategy Ensure redundant power for critical facilities Action Items

1. Identify critical facilities in need of redundant power

2. Receive proposals and options from qualified contractor to achieve redundant power for critical city facilities
Coordinating
Department
Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
2025 / Priority 1
Total Cost / BCR $1,000,000 / 42.78
Funding Source(s) FEMA HMGP funds
Constraints Funding
Implementation
Description
Research, identify facilities, and identify redundant power options for each facility.

Option #1
Develop an RFP to hire a contractor to upgrade existing generator power at the city hall complex comprised of the city hall, senior center and library.

Option #2
Develop an RFP to hire a contractor to install redundant power at the senior center only as that would be the future location of the city EOC.

Option #3
Develop an RFP to hire a contractor to install redundant power at the Calabasas Community center as it is the alternate city hall location identified in the city’s COOP.

Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and
Implementation
X Emergency Management
Other City of Calabasas Hazard Mitigation Efforts
 Continue the Map Your Neighborhood Program - This was a program encourages local homeowners to conduct neighborhood emergency planning.
 Facebook and “X” (formerly Twitter) – Social media resources are used to issue public notices. Residents can sign-up voluntarily through the City’s website. 280
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-79
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Hidden Hills Mitigation Projects
Update the City of Hidden Hills General Plan and Local Ordinances City Hidden Hills
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Update the City of Hidden Hills General Plan and Local Ordinances Status Ongoing
Strategy
Continue to review and update the General Plan and local ordinances for the City of Hidden Hills to reflect current conditions. The city is undergoing a General Plan assessment that could lead to an update.

Action Items
 Continue to review make adjustments to reflect changes in city conditions, most notably the Safety Element of the plan
 Continue to review existing codes for possible changes or amendments Coordinating
Department
Engineering/Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 1
Total Cost None, in-house staff time
Funding Source(s) N/A
Constraints Time
Implementation
Description
 The City General Plan continues to incorporate elements to mitigate seismic, fire, landslide and flooding events.

Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
Comprehensive Hill Slope Management Program
City Hidden Hills
Hazard Landslide
Project Name Comprehensive Hill Slope Management Program Status Ongoing
Strategy To recognize the concern for future property damages incurred by residents Action Items
 Continue the ongoing program that manages hill slope activity where development is already present
 Continue to suggest appropriate proactive measures that govern the long-term stability of potentially active landslide areas
 Prevent future development on potentially unstable hillsides and conduct geology reviews on a case by case basis
Coordinating
Department
Engineering/Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 1
Total Cost None, in-house staff time
Funding Source(s) N/A
Constraints Time
Implementation
Description
Geological evaluations are required for all proposed hillside developments. Landslides are identified, mapped, and mitigated. In addition, the City has adopted a ridgeline protection ordinance to help preserve scenic corridors.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
281
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-80
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Wood Shake Shingle Roof Replacement Program
City Hidden Hills
Hazard Wildfire
Project Name Wood Shake Shingle Roof Replacement Program Status Ongoing
Strategy To providing incentives to replace older wood shake shingle roofs by residents.

Action Items  Identify and obtain funding sources to mitigate the cost of wood shake shingle roof replacement by residents with fire resistant materials.

Coordinating
Department
City of Hidden Hills Emergency Management
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
In Process / Priority 2
Total Cost TBD
Funding Source(s) General Funds / FEMA HMGP funds / Internal time Constraints Funding / Time
Implementation
Description
The City is looking into a program to help offset the cost of replacing remaining wood shake roofs in the City. All new construction bans the installation of wood shake shingles.

Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation Emergency Management
Emergency Satellite Communications
City Hidden Hills
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Emergency Satellite Communications
Status Maintenance Ongoing
Strategy Purchased satellite telephones to avoid communications problems during an emergency Action Items
 Monitor the Service Level Agreement with the satellite communications provider  Continue ongoing maintenance and management of the satellite telephones  Purchased two new satellite phones.

Coordinating
Department
Public Works, Building and Safety
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Complete / Maintenance Ongoing
Priority 2
Total Cost $2,000
Funding Source(s) General Fund
Constraints Funding
Implementation
Description
 The City has satellite phone and internet ability and two-way radio communications equipment. Two-way radio batteries were recently replaced. Fire truck has emergency service communications.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management 282
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-81
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Advanced Emergency Training
City Hidden Hills
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Advanced Emergency Training
Status Ongoing
Strategy Provide increased advanced emergency training for the City’s Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) and staff.

Action Items  Provide additional Advanced Emergency Training for CERT members Coordinating
Department
City of Hidden Hills Emergency Management
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 2
Total Cost $25,000
Funding Source(s) General Fund, FEMA HMGP funds when applicable and available Constraints Funding and time
Implementation
Description
CERT training is offered on an ongoing basis:
 The CERT team has continuing training in disaster response, first aid and evacuation shelter setup
 The CERT first aid medical equipment trailer has been checked and updated.  City staff and CERT team members have been trained in active shooter response.  CERT training on mobile fire equipment.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
Communications Improvements
City Hidden Hills
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name City of Hidden Hills Communications Improvements Status Ongoing
Strategy Continue to improve cellular telephone reception in areas of the City that are currently underserved.

Action Items
 Continue to work with local carriers to improve cellular telephone reception in areas of the City that are currently underserved.
 Add repeaters and update existing radio systems, when necessary.  Improve community emergency notification capabilities (IPAWS).

Coordinating
Department
Public Works, Building and Safety
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 2
Total Cost $50,000
Funding Source(s) General Funds, FEMA HMGP funds / Internal time Constraints Funding
Implementation
Description
 Cellular telephone and radio coverage is regularly evaluated.  Hidden Hills is now authorized to send out emergency messages to cell phones (IPAWS Wide Area Alerts).
 A fiber optic plan is being worked on by the community to provide high speed Internet and help provide WiFi cell service.
 Mobile command post (fire truck) has all communications.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management 283
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-82
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Community Evacuation Routes, Planning, and Training
City Hidden Hills
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Community Evacuation Routes, Planning, and Training Status Workshop and Training Complete / Monitoring Ongoing Strategy Ensure alternate evacuation routes in case of an emergency event Action Items  Continue to manage alternative routes as a means of city evacuation Coordinating
Department
Engineering/Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Complete – Monitoring Ongoing / Priority 2
Total Cost In-house Time Only
Funding Source(s) N/A
Constraints Geographic limitations of egress routes
Implementation
Description
There are only 3 points of ingress/egress (security gates) to the City of Hidden Hills:
 When one of the gates is closed for any reason, signage is used to direct all persons to either or both of the open gates.
 Similar signage is used for evacuation routes in the case of emergency. Plus, there is a pedestrian and equestrian exit to the Upper Las Virgenes Canyon Open Space Preserve.  Ingress and egress to the City has been improved with addition of contractor parking areas at the gates.
 The City will allow school buses, for Round Meadow Elementary School, through the gates to bring students to reunification sites if Mureau Road is closed.  The City is actively working on a revision of traffic flow at the Long Valley gate, adding a turn lane and providing contractor parking areas to keep traffic flowing into and out of Hidden Hills. This roadway update will also aid traffic flow onto the Northbound 101 freeway onramp.
 The City conducted a public workshop for Wildfire evacuation for residents and large animals. Training was offered to the residents on horse trailer loading and unloading.

Also offered was a CHP sponsored horse trailer inspection day.  Sent out Genasys Protect (Zonehaven Protect) information to all residents.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management

284
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-83
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Storm Drain Management
City Hidden Hills
Hazard Flood
Project Name City of Hidden Hills Storm Drain Management Status Ongoing
Strategy Continue to maintain the storm drain system to ensure that drains are free from debris to prevent flooding.

Action Items  Continue ensure that city-owned storm drains are clear of debris.

Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 2
Total Cost $500/year
Funding Source(s) General Funds
Constraints None
Implementation
Description
 LA County Public Works maintains the sewer system and storm drains. In the event of power failure Public Works has stand by generators to maintain 2 sewer pump stations in the City.
 While the storm drains are managed by Los Angeles County, the City does work to ensure the free flow of water to prevent street flooding.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation Emergency Management
Backup Power for the City’s Critical Sites
City Hidden Hills
Hazard Power Outage, Wind, Wildfire
Project Name Backup Power for the City’s Critical Sites Status Complete / Maintenance Ongoing
Strategy Maintain backup power systems for City Hall and the Community Center.

Action Items  Maintain backup power generation for City Hall and the Community Center.

Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 2
Total Cost $2,500/year
Funding Source(s) General Funds
Constraints None
Implementation
Description
 Backup power generation systems for City and the Community Center are maintained on an annual basis.
 Added in additional backup batteries to repeater site.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management

285
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-84
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Underground Utility Line Implementation
City Hidden Hills
Hazard Power Outage, Wind, Wildfire
Project Name Underground Utility Line Implementation
Status Ongoing
Strategy Replace overhead power lines with underground lines to mitigate the risk of power failure and wildfires during periods of high winds.

Action Items
 Continue to monitor and work with SCE to replace overhead power lines and poles with underground electrical systems.

Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 2
Total Cost None
Funding Source(s) City and private funding if an assessment district is established.

Constraints None
Implementation
Description
 Work with SCE to plan, approve permits, inspect, and install underground power systems. Approximately 20 poles have been removed and 14 more are scheduled for removal this fiscal year.
 The City has adopted an assessment district program should private residents choose to fund.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
Brush Clearance Program
City Hidden Hills
Hazard Wildfire
Project Name Brush Clearance Program
Status New/Ongoing
Strategy Expanded brush clearance around the community’s perimeter that interfaces with open space.

Action Items  Continue to carry out brush clearance efforts around the city.

Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 1
Total Cost / BCR $45,736 / 21.43
Funding Source(s) N/A
Constraints None
Implementation
Description
 For the last 4 years the City has done expanded brush clearance around the Communities perimeter that interfaces with open space. Instead of the required 100 feet the City uses Goats to expand to 200 feet.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
286
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-85
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Malibu Mitigation Projects
Bluffs Park Improvement Project
City Malibu
Hazard All-Hazards
Project Name Bluffs Park Improvement Project
Status In Progress
Strategy Roofing upgrade for critical infrastructure to improve reliability for emergency shelter Action Items

1. Assess building and identify needs

2. Design improvements

3. Secure funding to implement the improvement project

4. Construction of improvement project
Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Scheduled for 2023/2024
Priority 1
Total Cost $2.5M
Funding Source(s) General Fund and/or Grant Funds
Constraints Funding
Implementation
Description
In-progress.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management

Figure 70: Michael Landon Center at Bluffs Park

287
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-86
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Catch Basin and Culvert Upgrades
City Malibu
Hazard Flood
Project Name Catch Basin and Culvert Upgrades
Status Complete
Strategy Upgrade City catch basins and culverts to increase capacity in order to prevent flooding and landslides
Action Items

1. Inventory catch basins and culverts

2. Identify catch basins and culverts that need upgrades

3. Design projects to increase capacity to accommodate larger water flows

4. Secure funding for project implementation

5. Implement project
Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Timeline to be determined
Priority 1
Total Cost $1.0M
Funding Source(s) General Fund and/or Grant Funding
Constraints Funding
Implementation
Description
Complete
Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation Emergency Management
Excavation and Emergency Shelter at Zuma Beach
City Malibu
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Excavation and Emergency Shelter at Zuma Beach Status Complete
Strategy Work with LA County Beaches to develop the Zuma Beach parking lot as an emergency shelter location and secure access.

Action Items

1. Work with LA County Beaches to establish the Zuma Beach parking lot as an emergency shelter
Coordinating
Department
Public Works and Emergency Preparedness
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Timeline to be determined
Priority 1
Total Cost $300K
Funding Source(s) General Fund and/or Grant Funding
Constraints Funding, Time, and Permitting
Implementation
Description
Complete
Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation Emergency Management
288
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-87
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Figure 71: Zuma Beach Parking Lot

289
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-88
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Las Flores Road Canyon Improvements
City Malibu
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Las Flores Road Canyon Improvements
Status In Progress
Strategy Improve pavement and draining to reduce flooding and erosion Action Items

1. Design road and drainage improvements to accommodate surface run-off (as identified in the Storm Drain Master Plan)

2. Secure funding to implement improvements

3. Construct road and draining improvements
Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Timeline to be determined
Priority 1
Total Cost $250K
Funding Source(s) General Fund and/or Grant Funding
Constraints Funding
Implementation
Description
In-progress
Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
Tree Removal in City Right-of-Way
City Malibu
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Tree Removal in City Right-of-Way
Status Ongoing
Strategy Identify and remove trees in the City Right-of-Way to maintain a safe distance from power poles and reduce fire risk.

Action Items

1. Develop tree inventory (complete)

2. Systematically remove tress from the Right-of-Way (as part of Annual Street Maintenance)
Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Timeline to be determined
Priority 1
Total Cost $100K
Funding Source(s) General Fund
Constraints Funding and Time
Implementation
Description
Tree inventory complete. Tree removal in-progress/ongoing as part of Annual Street Maintenance).

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation Emergency Management

290
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-89
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
City of Malibu GIS Upgrade
City Malibu
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name City of Malibu GIS Upgrade
Status Complete
Strategy
Upgrade the Geographic Information Systems to incorporate more information regarding trails, geological sensitive areas, and tsunami maps etc.

Action Items

1. In progress, developing new system to utilize new technologies to better map the City and hazard areas in particular

2. Complete training and provide ongoing training to staff on how to use GIS Coordinating
Department
Planning Department
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Complete
Priority 1
Total Cost $40,000
Funding Source(s) FEMA HMGP funds
Constraints Funding and time
Implementation
Description
GIS update complete.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management

291
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-90
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Flood Mitigation Action Plans
City Malibu
Hazard Flood
Project Name Flood Mitigation Action Plans
Status Complete / Ongoing
Strategy Implement floodplain management activities as recommended by the Flood Mitigation Plan, City of Malibu.

Action Items

1. Floodplain Regulations

2. Flood Mapping (revised and completed)

3. Flood Protections Assistance

4. Flood Protection Materials

5. Flood Protection Activities

6. Emergency Manager Training

7. Flood Warning and Preparedness
Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Complete / Ongoing
Priority 1
Total Cost $25,000
Funding Source(s) FEMA (HMGP)
Constraints Time, Funding
Implementation
Description
Included mitigation goals in the City of Malibu General Plan (see Mitigation Plan strategy).

In addition, Flood Warning and Preparedness information is made available via the City of Malibu web site (Emergency Preparedness Library). Finally, the City of Malibu is a participant in the 2012 FEMA California Coastal Analysis and Mapping Project/Open Pacific Coast Study (CCAMP). These efforts will address gaps in required engineering and mapping for high flood risk areas impacted by coastal flooding, levee systems, and other flood hazards (e.g., lakes, rivers, and ponds). Revised flood maps have been developed and the City has adjusted flood zones along the coast.

Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management Figure 72: City of Malibu Emergency Preparedness Library 292
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-91
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Figure 73: CCAMP Letter (Page 1)
293
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-92
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Figure 74: CCAMP Letter (Page 2)

294
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-93
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Malibu Flood Mitigation Plan
City Malibu
Hazard Flood
Project Name Malibu Flood Mitigation Plan
Status In Progress / Ongoing (covered in the City General Plan) Strategy Identify and implement recommendations presented in the Flood Mitigation Plan.

Action Items

1. Prioritize project recommendations

2. Develop projects and attempt to secure funding to implement Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
In Progress / Ongoing
Priority 1
Total Cost None, in-house staff time
Funding Source(s) General Fund
Constraints Funding
Implementation
Description
Implemented goals within the City of Malibu General Plan related to flood mitigation.

Specific goals covered under 5.3.1 S Goal 1: A community that is free from all avoidable risks to safety, health and welfare from natural and man-made hazards include:
 S Policy 1.2.4: The City shall require development to be consistent with minimum Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) guidelines for flood plain management (complete).
 S Implementation Measure 40: Adopt and update as appropriate maps of extreme fire danger areas, 100-year flood plains, landslide and debris flow danger, active and potentially active faults, tsunami, and any other hazard areas; and inform residents of those areas of risks and possible mitigation measures.
 S Implementation Measure 43: Encourage area residents to participate in National Flood Insurance Program.
 S Implementation Measure 44: Design coastal development, except supporting structure, to be above the wave uprush level for storms within the past 100 years, and above the 100-year flood plain.
 S Implementation Measure 51: Evaluate proposed development for its impact on, and from, geologic hazards, flood and mud flow hazard, and fire hazard.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation Emergency Management

295
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-94
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Annual Street Pavement Project
City Malibu
Hazard Flood
Project Name Annual Street Pavement Project
Status Ongoing
Strategy Resurface the City's public roads by repaving damaged roadways Action Items

1. Continue to plan and commence work to complete the Pavement Rehabilitation Project

2. Clear out damaged, worn pavement

3. Replace worn pavement with new pavement
Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 2
Total Cost $600,000
Funding Source(s) General Fund
Constraints Funding and Time
Implementation
Description
 Rehabilitation work is performed every year on the City’s public roads.  Rehabilitation projects have included Broad Beach Road, Malibu Canyon Road, Civic Center Way, and Cross Creek Road.
 The City will continue to perform annual road rehabilitation projects as necessary.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation Emergency Management
FM Alert System
City Malibu
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name FM Alert System
Status New
Strategy Implement an FM Alert System to create additional communication avenues Action Items

1. Obtain funding for license and infrastructure

2. Obtain funding for 2,000 residential receivers

3. Implement alert system
Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
1 Year / Priority 2
Total Cost / BCR $648,000 / 23.49
Funding Source(s) General Fund
Constraints Funding and Time
Implementation
Description
 The is looking for funding for the license and infrastructure ($450,000), as well as funding for 2,000 residential receivers ($99 each) to implement an FM Alert System that can be used as a method of communication during emergency events.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management

296
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-95
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Broadband Improvements for Emergency Communications
City Malibu
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Broadband Improvements for Emergency Communications Status New
Strategy Install Broadband Capabilities to greatly improve communication during a disaster Action Items

1. Install conduits in designated parts of the city (complete)

2. Install equipment to improve Broadband Capabilities
Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
1 Year / Priority 2
Total Cost / BCR $5,680,000 (estimate) / 18.89
Funding Source(s) General Fund
Constraints Funding and Time
Implementation
Description
 The City of Malibu is looking to install Broadband Capabilities which can greatly improve communication during a disaster.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management

297
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-96
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Other City of Malibu Hazard Mitigation Efforts
The City of Malibu television broadcast regularly provides public preparedness, prevention, and mitigation information. Examples are provided below:

Figure 75: City of Malibu Emergency Information TV Bulletins 298
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-97
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Westlake Village Mitigation Projects
Communications Improvements
City Westlake Village
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name City of Westlake Village Communications Improvements Status Ongoing
Strategy Improve cellular telephone reception in areas of the City that are currently underserved Action Items

1. Continue to work with local carriers to improve cellular telephone reception in areas of the City that are currently underserved

2. Create antenna lease programs to avoid “black spots” in the Region

3. Add repeaters to existing radio systems

4. Engage telecommunications providers in the installation of broadband fiber infrastructure.

Coordinating
Department
Public Works, Building and Safety
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 1
Total Cost $100,000
Funding Source(s) FEMA HMGP funds
Constraints Funding
Status Implementation
 Westlake Village continues to work with wireless phone carriers to improve mobile phone reception in the areas of the city that are not adequately covered by wireless networks.
 The County-wide Integrated Radio System (CWIRS) was deployed. Furthermore, the City installed a satellite-based computer network that allows the EOC to connect to the Internet in the event of a disruption to the landline computer network.  The system is regularly tested during power outages and the EOC is able to remain connected to the Internet.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management 299
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-98
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
GIS Upgrade
City Westlake Village
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name City of Westlake Village GIS Upgrade
Status Complete
Strategy
To upgrade the Geographic Information Systems in order to add a higher resolution backdrop to map trails, flood hazard areas, geologic sensitive areas and document more detailed information
Action Items

1. Complete upgrading the system using new technologies to better map hazard areas

2. Complete training and provide ongoing training to staff on how to use GIS technologies

3. Continue to seek funding through internal grant writers Coordinating
Department
Community Development
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Complete / Maintenance Ongoing
Priority 1
Total Cost $1000
Funding Source(s) FEMA HMGP funds
Constraints Funding
Implementation
Description
The Geographic Information System was updated and higher resolution maps were created of the Westlake Reservoir, the FEMA floodplain, and the fire hazard areas. A fire hazard severity map was created. Training of personnel on the GIS was conducted and will continue to be performed on an ongoing basis.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
300
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-99
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Emergency Power Generation
City Westlake Village
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Emergency Power Generation
Status Ongoing
Strategy Ensure backup power supplies for key City facilities Action Items 1. Purchase generators

2. Evaluate potential use of battery energy storage as source of backup power.

Coordinating
Department
Public Works, Building and Safety
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 1
Total Cost $250,000
Funding Source(s) FEMA HMGP funds
Constraints Funding
Implementation
Description
 Generators were purchased for the EOC and the Community Room. The City must conduct a study to determine the feasibility of rewiring City Hall and the Community Rooms to provide entire facility rather than only select rooms with backup power in the event of an outage. Study was conducted to assess the practicality of replacing the City’s diesel fuel generators with battery storage units. Westlake Village is Currently exploring solar panels as an option.
 The city of Westlake Village also entered an MOU with the Clean Power Alliance of Southern California (CPA) in October 2022 for the design, installation, and operation of a solar plus storage system with emergency power generation capability through the power ready program. The CPA issued the initial request for offer process and the end of 2022 and completed a detailed assessment of the Civic Center Complex in July 2023. The second submission round of the RFO is scheduled to be completed during the summer of 2023. After a developer is selected from the RFO process, the City will negotiate a 20-year site lease agreement directly with the developer and CPA will negotiate a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with the developer. The project is currently scoped to include replacement of the Civic Center roof, installation of solar panel arrays on the new roof, and installation of a battery that is large enough to provide adequate backup power generation during an emergency, inclusive of operating the cooling center at the community rooms at the Civic Center. The project is anticipated to be completed in 2025.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
301
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-100
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Smoke Detector Installation
City Westlake Village
Hazard Fire
Project Name Smoke Detector Installation
Status Complete / Ongoing
Strategy Encourage residents to install smoke detectors in existing residences built prior to January 1, 1986
Action Items

1. Implement a program to educate the public about the importance of smoke detectors

2. Provide instructional services on how to install a smoke detector

3. Provide smoke detectors to the public
Coordinating
Department
Engineering/Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 1
Total Cost $15,000
Funding Source(s) General Fund, HMGP funds
Constraints Funding
Implementation
Description
A program to educate the public about the importance of installing smoke detectors and replacing batteries periodically was instituted. Information was disseminated to the public through articles in a series of city newsletters. Westlake Village does a periodic reminder of smoke detectors through videos and written newsletters.

Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation Emergency Management

302
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-101
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Tree Census
City Westlake Village
Hazard Windstorm/Fire
Project Name Tree Census
Status Complete / Ongoing
Strategy Conduct a thorough census of the trees in the city to keep track of aging or poorly maintained trees that may create a fire or windstorm hazard Action Items

1. Develop a team to manage the project

2. Obtain proper means of cataloguing and displaying such information such as GIS tools

3. Prepare map(s) identifying trees and separating those that pose a potential threat in case of a fire or windstorm event

4. Develop a strategy to eliminate problematic trees
Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
One year from planning to end
Priority 1
Total Cost No Cost – In house staff time
Funding Source(s) N/A
Constraints Staff time
Implementation
Description
The City’s Public Works personnel identified and inspected every tree on public property in the City. Trees determined to be hazardous were cut down. The City continues to assess trees annually, and trees are cycled in the program and trimmed at an average of every 3 years. In addition, a GIS tree mapping program has developed. A Heritage Tree Ordinance was also adopted in 2018 (updated in 2022/2023) to identify trees in the city with particular significance to be monitored more closely.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
303
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-102
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Annual Street Resurfacing Program
City Westlake Village
Hazard Flood
Project Name Annual Street Resurfacing Program
Status Ongoing
Strategy Resurface the City's public roads by repaving damaged roadways.

Action Items

1. Continue the ongoing Street Resurfacing Program

2. Resurface and repair damaged and worn pavement
Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 1
Total Cost $1,500,000 per year
Funding Source(s) Measure R, Measure M, and General Fund Constraints Funding, Time
Implementation
Description
Ongoing effort. In 2016/17 completed asphalt overlay work on the following streets: Three Springs Drive, Fallview Rd., Timbridge Ct., Snowpeak Dr., Torchwood Pl., Yellowwood Dr., Aspen View Ct., Woodburn Ave., Carrie Pl., South Shore Pla., Sandpiper Ct., Royal Glen Rd., Lyndbrook Ct., Trowbridge Ct., Tynebourne Ct., Langspur Ct., Beaucroft Ct., Bedforhurst Ct., Village School Rd., Shropshire Dr., Dunraven Ct., Bain Ct., Hardfirled Ct., Havington Ct., Orchard View Ct.

In 2017/2018 completed asphalt overlay work on the following streets: Kristen Lee Dr., Denver Springs Dr., Wellbrook Dr., Montview Ct., Grand Oaks Dr., Village Center Rd., and Greengate Ct.

Completed 2016/17 slurry seal work on the following streets: Lindero Canyon Road , Oak Crest Drive and Park Terrace
Completed slurry work in 2017/18 Three Springs neighborhood, First Neighborhood, Triunfo Canyon Rd, La Tienda Rd, and Russell Ranch Rd.

Ongoing Effort. In Fiscal Year 2018/19 industrial and commercial streets were repaved or slurry sealed, including Russell Ranch Road, Portola Court, Sterling Center Drive, Via Colinas, Via Rocas, La Baya Drive and Corsa Avenue. Residential street repaving was also completed on Overfall Drive and Three Springs Drive. During Fiscal Year 2019/20 portions of Agoura Road and Lindero Canyon Road received slurry seal and Lindero Canyon Road was repaved from Thousand Oaks Blvd to the northern city limit. In Fiscal Year 2021/22 Lakeview Canyon Road, Watergate Road and the Civic Center parking lot were repaved. The Fiscal Year 2023/24 budget includes $1.3M for street resurfacing in primarily residential streets. The city will continue to invest in annual street maintenance and rehabilitation projects.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
304
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-103
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Advanced Emergency Training
City Westlake Village
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Advanced Emergency Training
Status Ongoing
Strategy Provide advanced emergency training for the City’s CERT team Action Items  Provide Advanced Emergency Training for CERT team Coordinating
Department
Westlake Village DRT Team
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Complete / Ongoing updates (as required)
Priority 2
Total Cost $25,000
Funding Source(s) FEMA HMGP funds
Constraints Funding and time
Implementation
Description
Advanced training is provided to CERT members every year and will continue to be provided. The COG offers 2 to 3 CERT classes every year. The City of Malibu hosted shelter training to which Westlake sent representatives. Westlake Village offers many different trainings to the CERT team and rotates topics to keep the team engaged and prepared.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
Figure 76: Westlake Village Training Brochure

305
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-104
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Public Emergency Preparedness
City Westlake Village
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Public Emergency Preparedness
Status Ongoing
Strategy
A program to educate citizens about hazards within the City, how to prepare, and what actions to take in case of a disaster
Action Items

1. The City of Westlake Village is prioritizing emergency preparedness through initiatives such as updating the Emergency Preparedness Plan, participating in the California Fire Alliance, and hosting joint events to promote public awareness.

Coordinating
Department
Community Services
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 2
Total Cost $20,000
Funding Source(s) FEMA grants
Constraints Funding
Implementation
Description
 Westlake Village completed an update to the Emergency Preparedness Plan (for residents) in 2005. The plan is available through the City’s website. The plan is reviewed and updated as needed. See example below.
 Los Angeles County established the California Fire Alliance which includes an information campaign aimed at educating the public about wildfire safety. The Los Angeles County Fire Department developed the Ready Set Go Wildfire Action Plan to inform residents of actions they can take to keep them safe from wildfires.  Westlake Village and Agoura Hills hosted a joint emergency preparedness event in August 2010 aimed at educating the public and continually seek new opportunities to promote public awareness. Further public preparedness efforts ongoing.  In coordination with the LA County Sheriff, Westlake Village held an Emergency Preparedness event in November 2022.

Plan Goals Addressed
X Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management Figure 77: Westlake Village Emergency Preparedness Plan

306
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-105
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Triunfo Creek Bridge Resurfacing
City Westlake Village
Hazard Flood
Project Name Triunfo Creek Bridge Resurfacing
Status Completed
Strategy Resurfaced bridge deck for maintenance to reduce the risk of flood.

Action Items Completed
Coordinating
Department
Public Works
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Complete / Priority 2
Total Cost $100,000
Funding Source(s) Highway Bridge Preventative Maintenance Program Constraints None
Implementation
Description
Completed in 2017. LA County designed and executed the construction contract.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment X Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management Mobile EOC
City Westlake Village
Hazard All Hazards
Project Name Mobile EOC
Status New
Strategy Procure a mobile EOC to allow the city staff to deploy to an ICS while operating as an EOC.

Action Items Purchase a vehicle to serve as a mobile Emergency Operations Center.

Coordinating
Department
Public Works and Emergency Preparedness
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 2
Total Cost / BCR $100,000 / 1.37
Funding Source(s) N/A
Constraints None
Implementation
Description
The City of Westlake Village would like to purchase a vehicle to serve as a mobile Emergency Operations Center. All emergency management is handled at City Hall, but there have been events where city staff needs to be at an Incident Command Site in order to mitigate damages cause by an emergency. One of the main functions of the City’s response during a disaster is informing the public of necessary actions to take to protect their lives/home, and a mobile EOC would allow city staff to deploy to an ICS while operating as an EOC. This vehicle would be equipped with lights, speakers, radio repeaters, and more in order to help inform residents of ways to mitigate disasters while they occur.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management

307
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 4-106
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Home Hardening & Defensible Space Fire Prevention Grant Program City Westlake Village
Hazard Wildfire
Project Name Home Hardening & Defensible Space Fire Prevention Grant Program Status New/Ongoing
Strategy Provide a program that would protect residents and homes in Westlake Village, most of which is in a Very High Fire Severity Zone.

Action Items Establish a grant program that provides funding for homeowners that will be used for home hardening.

Coordinating
Department
Public Works and Emergency Preparedness
Timeline/Completion
Date/Priority
Ongoing / Priority 1
Total Cost / BCR $50,000 / 11.36
Funding Source(s) N/A
Constraints None
Implementation
Description
Home hardening is one of the most efficient ways for residents to mitigate the spread and effects of a wildfire. The City of Westlake Village would like to establish a grant program that provides funding for homeowners that will be used for home hardening. This includes vent and chimney coverings, gutter maintenance, and creation of defensible zones per Cal Fire’s specifications. Bolstering home hardening and defensible spaces will mitigate damage caused by wildfires. This program would protect residents and homes in Westlake Village, most of which is in a Very High Fire Severity Zone. (The City would need to pursue grant funding for this project.

Plan Goals Addressed
Public Awareness X Protect Life, Property, and the Environment Partnerships and Implementation X Emergency Management
308
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 5-1
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
SECTION 5. PLAN MAINTENANCE, MONITORING, AND

GENERAL PLANS
This plan maintenance section details the formal process that will ensure that the Las VirgenesMalibu COG Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan is an active and relevant document. This section includes a description of the implementation and plan adoption process and a schedule for monitoring and evaluating the plan. Additionally, a description of how the Las Virgenes-Malibu COG will integrate public participation throughout the plan maintenance process is provided.

Finally, this section includes an explanation of how the city governments in the Las VirgenesMalibu COG intend to incorporate the mitigation strategies outlined in this plan into existing planning mechanisms such as individual city General Plans, Capital Improvement Plans, Building & Safety Codes and other programs and or plans within the cities. Finally, a brief discussion on future development trends is provided to highlight potential areas of focus when updating the HMP.

IMPLEMENTATION AND PLAN ADOPTION
The Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments (LVMCOG) and individual cities (city councils) within the LVMCOG were responsible for adopting the Las Virgenes-Malibu MultiJurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. These governing bodies have the authority to promote sound public policy regarding hazards.

Adoption and Implementation
The LVMCOG adopted the Las Virgenes-Malibu Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan and the LVMCOG Governing Board in conjunction with the Planning Group are responsible for plan implementation. The Executive Director of the Las Virgenes-Malibu COG serves as a convener to facilitate the Hazard Mitigation meetings. Plan implementation and evaluation are a shared responsibility among all of the LVMCOG Governing Board Members. The LVMCOG Governing Board and the Planning Group are responsible for providing information gained from committee meetings with staff and community members in their respective cities.

HMP Submission and Approval
The prior plan and this update were submitted to the State Hazard Mitigation Officer at the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES). Cal OES is responsible for submitting the plan to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for review. The review includes the criteria outlined in FEMA Mitigation Planning Final Rule 44 CFR Part 201.

Upon acceptance by FEMA, the cities within the Las Virgenes-Malibu COG will maintain their eligibility for Hazard Mitigation Grant Program funds.
309
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 5-2
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

PLAN MONITORING, EVALUATION, UPDATES, AND FORMAL REVIEW PROCESS The Las Virgenes-Malibu Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan is evaluated on an annual basis to determine the effectiveness of programs, and to reflect changes in development or programs that may affect mitigation priorities.

Coordinating Body
LVMCOG Governing Board members in conjunction with the Planning Group are responsible for monitoring and evaluating the progress of the mitigation strategies in the plan. The LVMCOG Governing Board and Planning Group also responsible for updating the plan.

The Las Virgenes-Malibu Hazard Mitigation LVMCOG Governing Board and Planning Group were responsible for coordinating and undertaking the formal review process. The review process includes an evaluation of the goals and action items to determine their relevance to changing conditions within the Region, as well as changes in State or Federal policy, and to ensure they are addressing current and expected conditions. The LVMCOG Governing Board and Planning Group also review the risk assessment portion of the plan to determine if this information should be updated or modified, given any new available data.

In addition, the LVMCOG Governing Board and Planning Group were responsible for ensuring that reviews and updates to the plan were performed. Further, the LVMCOG Governing Board and Planning Group provide coordination between the cities, intra-city departments, and with other public agencies.

Finally, the LVMCOG Governing Board and Planning Group conduct annual reviews of the Hazard Mitigation Plan and when deemed necessary by the Hazard Mitigation LVMCOG Governing Board in coordination with the Planning Group including a determination if a public meeting is to be held. The meetings provide the public a forum where they can express their concerns, opinions, or ideas about the plan. In addition, each City maintains an ongoing ability to receive and respond to public concerns via their City web sites.

The Planning Group comprised of representatives from each LVMCOG city and supports the LVMCOG Governing Board by attending regularly scheduled meetings to review local planning efforts and evaluate progress on mitigation efforts. The Planning Group reports progress to the LVMCOG Governing Board and works with other city departments to implement the mitigation strategies contained in this Hazard Mitigation Plan.

The city departments responsible for the various action items identified in Section 4: Hazard Mitigation Goals and Strategies will report on the status of their projects, the success of various implementation processes, difficulties encountered, success of coordination efforts, and which strategies require revision.

In addition to ongoing and annual reviews, every five years the Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan is thoroughly reviewed and updates to all sections are conducted, additional public outreach meetings are held, and the updated plan is submitted to Cal-OES and FEMA for formal review and approval. Once Cal-OES and FEMA approval are obtained, each City Council within the LVMCOG formally adopts the revised HMP for the next five years. 310
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 5-3
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Continued Public Participation and Involvement
The cities within the Las Virgenes-Malibu COG are dedicated to involving the public in the Hazard Mitigation Plan process. Members of the public, businesses, and other interested parties had the opportunity to provide feedback on local area risks and the Hazard Mitigation Plan. Copies of the plan are catalogued and maintained in appropriate departments as well as on city web sites to be easily accessible for public viewing. Further, each city conducts ongoing events to promote public participation. Examples include Disaster Preparedness Month events and workshops, monthly newsletter bulletins, and coordination with other programs such as CERT training. This ongoing public outreach effort provides a continual feedback opportunity to the public for their input and comments (see Public Involvement below for additional details).

Public Involvement
Public involvement is a key component of hazard mitigation planning (per 44 CFR §201.6(c)(4)(iii)). The cities within the Las Virgenes-Malibu COG provide access of the Hazard Mitigation Plan to the public and continue to involve the public in the Hazard Mitigation Planning, Implementation, and Maintenance process through several mechanisms:

Distribution
Method
Description
City Web
Pages
 Downloadable online copies of the Hazard Mitigation Plan are posted on each City’s website.
 Members of the Public may provide feedback on each City’s mitigation via the contact information from their public web pages:
o Agoura Hills (818) 597-7314 or
https://www.agourahillscity.org/services/emergency-services o Calabasas (818) 224-1600 Email: [email protected] and https://www.cityofcalabasas.com/government/public-safety-emergencypreparedness/emergency-preparedness o Hidden Hills (818) 888-9281 Email: [email protected] o Malibu (310) 456-2489 ext. 313 https://malibucity.org/225/EmergencyPreparedness o Westlake Village (818) 706-1613 https://wlv.org/189/EmergencyPreparedness  Links to mitigation and preparedness resources are provided via City web sites. Examples include:
o www.Ready.gov
o www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program
o http://fire.lacounty.gov/SafetyPreparedness/SafetyPreparedness.asp o www.redcross.org/prepare
City Facilities  Mitigation brochures and handouts are made available at designated Cityowned facilities including City Halls and Libraries.

Public
Surveys
 An ongoing Disaster Preparedness (Mitigation) and Risk Survey provides continual feedback opportunities to the public for their input and comments regarding hazard mitigation planning, prioritization of mitigation efforts and risks, and community mitigation and preparedness needs. https://www.surveygizmo.com/s3/4297498/2018-Las-Virgenes-Malibu-Community-Risk-Survey 311
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 5-4
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Distribution
Method
Description
Public
Meetings and
Events
 National Emergency Preparedness Month Annual Public Preparedness, and Mitigation Planning Events (each September).
 Local Disaster Preparedness Events.
 City Council Meetings (as applicable per published Agenda items).

Local Media  Preparation and Mitigation Information Posted in Local News Media (including links to the HMP, Hazard Survey, and Planning Meetings).  Preparation and Mitigation Tips and Announcements via City TV and social media Information Bulletins.

Training
Programs
 Mitigation and response activities are included in ongoing CERT Program training.

312
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 5-5
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Agoura Hills HMP Web Page

Figure 78: City of Agoura Hills HMP Public Download Links 313
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 5-6
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Calabasas HMP Web Page
Figure 79: City of Calabasas HMP Public Download Links

314
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 5-7
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Hidden Hills HMP Web Page
Figure 80: City of Hidden Hills HMP Public Download Links Malibu HMP Web Page

Figure 81: City of Malibu HMP Public Download Link
315
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 5-8
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Westlake Village HMP Web Page
Figure 82: City of Westlake Village HMP Public Download Links

316
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 5-9
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Hazard Mitigation Community Risk Survey
In August 2023, a public community risk survey was implemented. Announcements were made by each city, encouraging public input and participation via each city’s web site, Emails, social media, and community news outlets. The intent of the survey was to provide a platform for local residents to voice their opinions about their disaster preparedness needs and concerns. The survey resulted in 116 responses from members of the public who completed the survey (see Annex C for a summary of the results).

Figure 83: HMP Community Risk Survey Announcement and Link - City of Agoura Hills Figure 84: HMP Community Risk Survey Link - City of Calabasas

317
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 5-10
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Figure 85: HMP Community Risk Survey Announcement - City of Hidden Hills

Figure 86: HMP Community Risk Survey Announcement - City of Westlake Village 318
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 5-11
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Public Forums and Workshops
In addition to ongoing web page, social media, and public service announcements each city conducts preparedness events. For example, on June 10, 2023 the City of Malibu conducted a Public Safety Expo to further promote preparedness and mitigation action in the community.

Similarly, the cities hold events and participate in National Preparedness Month (annually in September). For example, on September 14, 2023 the City of Calabasas held Community Fire Season Briefing (see Public Involvement section for further details on how the public is involved in the disaster mitigation and planning process).

Furthermore, each city has established Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) programs that promote preparedness, planning, and mitigation. Finally, a series of public forums were held by each city to obtain public input to the Hazard Mitigation Plan from all residents within the LVMCOG.

319
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 5-12
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
***This page intentionally left blank***

320
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 5-13
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

IMPLEMENTATION THROUGH EXISTING PROGRAMS
Integration of the Hazard Mitigation Plan into Existing Planning Mechanisms In addition to ongoing disaster preparation and mitigation efforts such as quarterly Los Angeles County Disaster Management Area B meetings, each city in the LVMCOG integrates the HMP into existing planning mechanisms such as General Plans, Capital Improvement Plans, Land Use Plans, Building & Safety Codes, enforcement, and permitting activities. This Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan provides a series of recommendations - many of which are closely related to the goals and objectives of existing planning programs within the cities. A description of each city’s individual process is summarized below:

City HMP Integration Process
Agoura Hills  The Deputy City Manager and Administrative Aide are part of the HMP Planning Group and is responsible for tracking the progress of mitigation projects included in the HMP.
 Risk assessments and planning elements contained within the HMP are incorporated (as needed) into the City of Agoura Hills General Plan (primarily within the Safety Element) as part of the General Plan update process.  The Agoura Hills Deputy City Manager works with the departments within the city to review the HMP and existing projects as well as coordinate the addition of new mitigation projects into the HMP. City of Agoura Hills departments involved in the process include (as required):
o Planning & Community Development
o Building and Safety
o Public Works/Engineering
 Updates to General Plan to incorporate HMP elements involve an ongoing process by the Agoura Hills Deputy City Manager with the Planning & Community Development Department as well as approval from the City Manager, Planning Commission, and the City Council.

Calabasas  The Director of Public Safety and Public Safety Coordinator are part of the HMP Planning Group and are responsible for tracking the progress of mitigation projects included in the HMP.
 Risk assessments and planning elements contained within the HMP are incorporated (as needed) into the City of Calabasas General Plan (primarily within the Safety Element) as part of the General Plan update process.  The Calabasas Director of Public Safety and Public Safety Coordinator work with other divisions and departments within the city to review the HMP and existing projects as well as coordinate the addition of new mitigation projects into the HMP. City of Calabasas divisions and departments involved in the process include (as required):
o Planning Division
o Building & Safety Division
o Public Works
 Updates to General Plan to incorporate HMP elements involve an ongoing process by the Calabasas Director of Public Safety and Public Safety Coordinator with the Planning Division as well as approval from the City Manager, applicable Commissions, and the City Council.
321
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 5-14
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
City HMP Integration Process
Hidden Hills  The Hidden Hills Emergency Services Coordinator is part of the HMP Planning Group and is responsible for tracking the progress of mitigation projects included in the HMP.
 Risk assessments and planning elements contained within the HMP are incorporated (as needed) into the City of Hidden Hills General Plan (primarily within the Safety Element) as part of the General Plan update process.  The Hidden Hills City Emergency Services Coordinator works with the City Manager, the Planning Department, and the Building & Safety Department to review the HMP and existing projects as well as coordinate the addition of new mitigation projects into the HMP.
 Updates to General Plan to incorporate HMP elements involve an ongoing process by the Hidden Hills City Emergency Services Coordinator and City Manager as well as approval from the City Council.

Malibu  The Malibu Emergency Services Coordinator is part of the HMP Planning Group and is responsible for tracking the progress of mitigation projects included in the HMP.
 Risk assessments and planning elements contained within the HMP are incorporated (as needed) into the City of Malibu General Plan (primarily within the Safety Element) as part of the General Plan update process.  The Malibu Emergency Services Coordinator works with other departments within the city to review the HMP and existing projects as well as coordinate the addition of new mitigation projects into the HMP (see example Sign-In sheet on next page). City of Malibu departments involved in the process include (as required):
o Planning Department
o Public Works / Engineering
o Building Safety
o Public Safety
o Wastewater Management/Environmental Health
 Updates to General Plan to incorporate HMP elements involve an ongoing process by the Malibu Emergency Services Coordinator with the Planning Department as well as approval from the City Manager, applicable Boards, and the City Council.

Westlake Village  The Westlake Village Administrative Analyst is part of the HMP Planning Group and is tasked with ongoing management of the HMP.
 Risk assessments and planning elements contained within the HMP are incorporated (as needed) into the City of Westlake Village General Plan (primarily within the Safety Element) as part of the General Plan update process.  The Administrative Analyst works with other departments within the city to review the HMP and existing projects as well as coordinate the addition of new mitigation projects into the HMP. City of Westlake Village departments involved in the process include (as required):
o Planning Department
o Building & Safety
 Updates to General Plan to incorporate HMP elements involve an ongoing process by the Westlake Village Administrative Analyst with the Planning Department as well as approval from the City Manager, applicable City Committees, and the City Council.
322
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
PART II: HAZARD SPECIFIC INFORMATION
 Earthquake
 Wildfire
 Climate Change
 Energy Disruption
 Landslide, Mudflows, and Debris Flows
 Windstorm
 Flood / Severe Winter Storm
 Pandemic
 Terrorism and Mass Violence

323
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
***This page intentionally left blank***
324
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-1
Revision Date: 10/2/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
SECTION 6. EARTHQUAKE

THE NATURE OF THE EARTHQUAKE THREAT
Earthquakes occur at the boundaries of the Earth’s tectonic plates as they move relative to one another. The tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate in California is along the San Andreas Fault. The fault is a transform boundary where the plates are sliding
horizontally past one another.

The risk of earthquakes in southern California is exacerbated by the fact that the two plates are inhibited in their motion by what is known as the Big Bend. In this section of the San Andreas the fault curves to the west then curves back to the north. This creates a barrier to simple lateral motion. This bend is a convergent (restraining) bend, creating a localized collision of tectonic plates, generating a tremendous amount of compression stress.

To release this stress, additional faults have formed over time.

The "Big Bend" of the San Andreas Fault is thought to be responsible for much of the complexity of faulting in
Southern California
The map below depicts several parallel faults to the San Andreas Fault. These four faults are considered to be responsible for approximately half of the significant earthquakes in the region.

Map 41: Parallel Faults to the San Andreas Fault
SOURCE: Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC)
Map 40: San Andreas Fault "Big Bend"
Big Bend
Pacific
Plate
North American
Plate
325
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-2
Revision Date: 10/2/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

HISTORICAL RECORD OF EARTHQUAKES IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Earthquakes occur every day in Southern California. Most are small with a magnitude less than M1. The below map depicts major faults in the Southern California region and recent seismic activity.

Map 42: Los Angeles County Earthquakes for the Past 7 Days SOURCE: USGS-Caltech Seismic Net

326
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-3
Revision Date: 10/2/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
History of Significant Earthquakes in Southern California The chart below provides examples of 37 significant earthquakes (5.0M or above) in Southern California since 1857.

Date Time Location Magnitude

01.09.1857 8:24 AM Fort Tejon 7.9

02.24.1892 11:20 PM Laguna Salada 7.3

12.25.1899 4:25 AM San Jacinto/Hemet 6.7

04.21.1918 2:31 PM San Jacinto 6.8

06.29.1925 7:42 AM Santa Barbara 6.8

11.4.1927 5:51 PM Offshore Lompoc 7.1

03.10.1933 5:54 PM Long Beach 6.4

05.18.1940 8:37 PM Imperial Valley 6.9

04.10.1947 7:58 AM Manix 6.5

07.21.1952 3:52 AM Kern County 7.5

04.9.1968 6:29 PM Borrego Mountain 6.6

02.9.1971 6:01 AM San Fernando 6.6

10.15.1979 4:16 PM Imperial Valley 6.4

07.8.1986 2:21 AM North Palm
Springs

5.7 10.1.1987 7:42 AM Whittier Narrows 5.9

11.24.1987 5:15 AM Superstition Hills 6.6

06.28.1991 7:43 AM Sierra Madre 5.8

04.22.1992 9:50 PM Joshua Tree 6.1

06.28.1992 4:57 AM Landers 7.3

06.28.1992 8:05 AM Big Bear 6.3

01.17.1994 4:30 AM Northridge 6.7

10.16.1999 2:46 AM Hector Mine 7.1

12.22.2003 11:15 AM San Simeon 6.5

07.29.2008 11:42 AM Chino Hills 5.4

12.30.2009 10:48 AM Northern Baja 5.8

07.7.2010 11:53 PM Borrego Springs 5.4

08.26.2012 7:31 PM Brawley 5.3

08.26.2012 8:57 PM Brawley 5.4

12.14.2012 10:36 AM Avalon 6.3

03.29.2014 4:09 AM Brea 5.1

06.10.2016 1:04 PM Borrego Springs 5.2

04.5.2018 12:29 PM Santa Cruz Is 5.3

07.4.2019 10:33 AM Searles Valley 6.4

07.5.2019 8:19 PM Ridgecrest 7.1

06.3.2020 6:32 PM Searles Valley 5.5

06.24.2020 10:40 PM Lone Pine 5.8

06.5.2021 10:55 PM Calipartria 5.3
Table 132: Significant Southern California Earthquakes Since 1857 SOURCE: Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) and Southern California Seismic Network

327
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-4
Revision Date: 10/2/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
***This page intentionally left blank***
328
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-5
Revision Date: 10/2/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx CAUSES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF EARTHQUAKES Earthquake Faults In or Near the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region There are multiple fault zones in proximity to the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region.

Map 43: Earthquake Faults in the LVMCOG Region
MB
SM
PVZ
SSRZ
SMZ
RY
329
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-6
Revision Date: 10/2/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Fault Map
Code Fault Name Probable Magnitude Length Distance to LVMCOG Direction from the LVMCOG MB Malibu Coast Fault 6.0 – 7.0 Mw 21.1 miles 0 miles S SM Santa Monica Fault 6.0 – 7.0 Mw 15.0 miles 10 miles SE PVZ Palos Verdes Fault Zone 6.0 – 7.0 Mw 49.7 miles 4 miles S SSRZ Simi-Santa Rosa Fault Zone 6.5 – 7.0 Mw 24.9 miles 8 miles NW SMFZ Sierra Madre Fault Zone 6.0 – 7.0 Mw 46.6 miles 10 miles N/NE RY Raymond Fault 6.0 – 7.0 Mw 16.2 miles 25 miles E
SOURCE: U.S. Geological Survey and California Geological Survey, 2006, Quaternary fault and fold database for the United States, accessed 1/7/2010, from USGS web site: http//earthquakes.usgs.gov/regional/qfaults/Las Virgenes-Malibu Region Earthquake Probability According to the U.S. Geological Survey the probability within the next 30 years for the Los Angeles Region is:
93% that an earthquake measuring magnitude 6.7
75% that an earthquake measuring magnitude 7 36% that an earthquake measuring magnitude 7.5 330
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-7
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
In addition, according to the Earthquake Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) model, there is a 30 to 40% chance that the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region will experience an earthquake of magnitude 6.5 or greater within the next 25 years.

An earthquake of M6.5 or larger could cause a considerable number of casualties, as well as extensive damage to buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities. The effects would be aggravated by aftershocks and secondary effects such as fire and landslides. In the event of a catastrophic earthquake, the capacity of the region to respond on its own would quickly become overwhelmed and assistance from surrounding municipalities, as well as the state and federal governments would be needed.

Following a major earthquake:
 Extensive search and rescue operations would be required  The demand for emergency medical care would increase
 Food and temporary shelter would have to be provided for displaced individuals Furthermore, it is likely emergency operations would be hampered by the loss of critical infrastructure and roads, damage to critical facilities, disruption of utilities, and communications disruptions. During the recovery period, extensive efforts would be required to remove debris, clear roadways, demolish unsafe structures, restore public utilities, and provide continuing care for the affected population including temporary shelters for displaced people. Finally, secondary issues such as hazardous materials releases and civil unrest could further strain resources.

Map 44: Southern California PHSA Model (USGS)
331
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-8
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
ShakeMap Scenarios
Predicted ground shaking patterns throughout southern California for hypothetical scenario earthquakes are available from the United States Geological Survey as part of their on-going “ShakeMap” program. These maps are provided in terms of Instrumental Intensity, which is essentially Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) estimated from instrumental ground motion recordings. The following scenarios depict strong ground shaking patterns for the 1994 Northridge Earthquake and three hypothetical scenario events:
 M 6.7 1994 Northridge Earthquake
 M 6.6 Earthquake on the Santa Monica Fault Scenario
 M 6.9 Earthquake on the Newport-Inglewood Fault Scenario  M 7.8 San Andreas Fault ShakeOut Scenario
Modeling various scenarios is useful in estimating the likely impact to local populations, infrastructure, and facilities. This information can be used to assist emergency managers and the public to better prepare for future events. Further, these studies and scenarios were used to further refine the estimated vulnerabilities and consequences of a major earthquake in the region for this HMP.
1994 Northridge Earthquake
The most recent significant seismic event in the area was the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. In terms of human impact, sixty people were killed, more than 7,000 injured, and 20,000 were left homeless.
 The shaking heavily damaged communities throughout the San Fernando Valley, Simi Valley, and the areas north and west of Los Angeles. It is estimated that the event resulted in $20 billion in losses (USGS).
 More than 1,600 buildings were “red-tagged” as unsafe to enter and another 7,300 buildings were “yellow-tagged” and restricted to limited entry. Thousands of other structures experienced minor damage.
 The impact to local infrastructure included sink holes in local roads, damaged water lines, ruptured gas lines, electrical power outages, pipeline distribution system damage, and communications disruptions.
 Seven major freeway bridges in the area collapsed and 170 were damaged - disrupting traffic in the Ventura-Los Angeles region for weeks following the earthquake. 332
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-9
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Map 45: Northridge Earthquake ShakeMap

333
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-10
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Santa Monica Fault Scenario
A M6.6 earthquake on the Santa Monica fault reflects a scenario that would result in Strong to Very Strong shaking in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region with light to moderate potential damage.

Map 46: Santa Monica Fault Scenario ShakeMap
334
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-11
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Newport-Inglewood Fault Scenario
A M6.9 earthquake on the Newport-Inglewood fault would result in parts of the Las VirgenesMalibu Region experiencing very Strong to Severe shaking and potential damage could range from Moderate to Moderate/Heavy.

Map 47: Newport-Inglewood Fault Scenario ShakeMap
335
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-12
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
San Andreas Fault ShakeOut Scenario
A San Andreas earthquake has been used as the scenario for the annual ShakeOut Earthquake exercise and serves a basis for statewide emergency response exercises. Over 300 scientists, engineers, and others developed the San Andreas ShakeMap to study the likely consequences of a M7.8 earthquake on the San Andreas Fault.

The scenario estimates over 1,800 deaths, 50,000 injuries, $200 billion in damages and other losses, and severe, long lasting disruptions with regional implications Map 48: San Andreas Fault Scenario ShakeMap
336
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-13
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

EARTHQUAKE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
A major earthquake impacting the Las Virgenes-Malibu area will likely result in casualties, damage to structures, and disruptions to critical infrastructure (roads, bridges, lifelines, etc.). In addition, the long-term impact to the local economy can be significant. The examples listed below provide brief descriptions of the types of damage that can be anticipated.

Casualties
Collapsed structures or falling debris can kill or injure hundreds of people and trap others. Trained search and rescue teams will be needed to pull many of the injured from badly damaged or partially collapsed structures. However, it may take rescuers many hours, perhaps days after the earthquake to free trapped people.

Additionally, damage to the transportation infrastructure could impede emergency responders.

Furthermore, hospitals may not be able to provide care to the injured due to overcrowding and damage to their facilities.

Structures
In most California communities (including areas in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region) many buildings were built before 1993 when building codes were not as strict as after the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. In addition, retrofitting is not required except under certain conditions and can be expensive. Therefore, the number of buildings at risk in the Southern California area remains a concern.

Transportation Infrastructure
Residents in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region commute frequently by automobiles and public transportation. An earthquake can greatly damage bridges, tunnels, roads, and freeways. Although Caltrans has retrofitted numerous freeway bridges in California, there are still some that are not retrofitted. The Federal Highway Administration requires that bridges listed on the National Bridge Inventory be inspected every 2 years.

The resulting disruption caused by a major earthquake can hamper emergency response efforts and the normal movement of people and goods. Life and commerce within the region is highly dependent on the transportation infrastructure and the economic recovery of the region depends on how quickly repairs are completed. Recovery would begin with inspectors from local and state transportation agencies evaluating damage and recommending closures, scheduling immediate repairs, and studying more extensive repairs and replacement. 337
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-14
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Lifelines
Lifelines include water, natural gas, electric power generation and distribution systems, fuel pipelines, sewer, and telecommunications systems. Ground shaking and amplification can cause pipes to break, power and telephone lines to fall, and damage cell phone and radio towers. A disruption to lifelines will hamper rescue, recovery, and rebuilding efforts as well as interrupt the distribution of important information to the public. Examples include:
 Ground shaking and ground deformation can damage pipelines and may rip many apart.

Further, if soils liquefy pipelines may float or move laterally with the blocks of soil displaced by lateral spreading.
 Water pumping stations and wells are dependent on electrical power that may be unavailable in the days following an event.
 Damage to sewage pipelines can result in waste spills and failures.  Damage to natural gas lines can result in fires or explosions as well as service disruptions.  Power used in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region is transported via a system of high-voltage transmission lines. Electrical transmission lines (overhead lines, power poles, and underground utility conduits) and distribution facilities (substations) can be disrupted or damaged. Ground failures such as landslides could damage lines and may take months to repair depending on accessibility. In addition, large porcelain insulators, bushings, and transformers are vulnerable to moderate ground motions and damaged transformers may take months to replace. Redundancies built into the electrical grid should mitigate some of the impact; however, a major earthquake will almost certainly disrupt the local electrical grid.
 Communications systems are vulnerable to overload in the minutes and hours following a major event. The communications infrastructure is comprised in part of hard-wired telephone and cable TV systems, microwave transmission stations, cellular telephone systems, and radio systems. Cellular systems are dependent on the hardwired connections between cell towers and land-based telephone systems. Hardwired systems and the cell phone infrastructure are owned and operated by private companies such as AT&T, Verizon, and Charter.

Fire
Downed power lines or broken gas pipelines can trigger fires. Furthermore, multiple fire emergencies may occur simultaneously. Major incidents will demand a larger share of resources and smaller fires may receive little or insufficient resources. Also, it may be more difficult for fire departments to respond to fire emergencies if fire stations suffer building damage. Finally, loss of electricity may cause pump failures resulting in a loss of water pressure in some communities, further hampering firefighting efforts.
338
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-15
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Economy
Economic impacts include direct property damage, lost business output and productivity, business failures, business relocations, and a long term reduction in the economic base of the community.

Damage to roads, bridges and buildings can impact the private sector’s ability to conduct business as well as reduce consumer traffic. Consequently, companies that experience only minimal physical loss could suffer significant customer and revenue loss. Small businesses are especially vulnerable since they generally have fewer resources and are less likely to have prepared or planned for such an event.

Estimated Impact of an Event
If a major or great earthquake were to occur, the consequences to local populations, employment, and housing will be significant. The table below provides the estimated impact of a disaster using a 10% loss baseline.

Category Agoura
Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Malibu Westlake Village
Impact if a 10%
Loss Occurs
Population* 20,362 23,410 2,182 10,915 8,081 6,495
Total City
Employment 11,100 11,800 5 6,483 3,700 3,309
Economy** $621,000 $1,011,348 N/A $578,443 $576,306 $278,710 Total Housing
Units 7,799 9,401 692 6,936 3,273 2,810
Median Home
Value $857,700 $1,141,600 More than $2,000,000
More than
$2,000,000 $1,029,100 More than $3.9B
Table 133: Estimated Population and Economic Loss of an Earthquake *U.S. Census – American Community Survey 2021
**2017 U.S. Economic Census (in thousands)
Based on a 10% loss projection, more than 6,400 people would be displaced or significantly impacted, and more than 3,300 jobs could be lost (either temporarily or permanently) causing nearly $278M in economic losses. Also, more than 2,800 homes could be damaged or destroyed resulting in over $3.9 billion in losses (see Community Profile section for population, housing, and economic data).

339
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-16
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Risk of Future Earthquake
For the LVMCOG Region, the risk of future climate change events was estimated by the Working Group using the following weighted formula:

Risk = (0.45 x Probability) + (0.30 x Magnitude/Severity) + (0.15 x Warning Time) + (0.10 x DuraƟon) Probability Magnitude / Severity Warning Time Duration
Level ID Value Level ID Value Level ID Value Level ID Value Unlikely 1 Negligible 1 Less than 6 hrs 4 Less than 6 hrs 1 Possibly 2 Limited 2 6 to 12 hrs 3 Less than 24 hrs 2
Likely 3 Critical 3 12 to 24 hrs 2 Less than one wk 3
Highly Likely 4 Catastrophic 4 More than 24 hrs 1 More than one wk 4 The result was a climate change risk rating of 9.28 (see Annex C Working Group HMP Risk Assessment Survey for additional details):

Hazard Probability Magnitude Warning
Time Duration Risk
Earthquake 8.5 5 20 9.5 9.28
340
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-17
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

EARTHQUAKE VULNERABILITIES
Liquefaction
Buildings above liquefiable soils may settle or tip due to a loss of bearing capacity of the soil.

Liquefaction occurs when soil grains in loose, saturated silty, sandy, or gravel soils attempt to rearrange themselves in a denser configuration when subjected to strong earthquake ground motions. The resulting increase in pressure of the water in the voids of the soil temporarily transforms the soil into a fluid, causing the soil to lose much of its strength. As the pore-water pressure builds, ground water and liquefied soil may find their way to the surface, creating sand boils on the ground surface. Several types of damaging ground failures can occur due to liquefaction including lateral spreading, ground settlement and sink holes.

Lateral spreading occurs when the subsurface soil liquefies. Gravity and inertial forces from the earthquake cause the mass to move downslope. Lateral spreading can occur on very shallow slopes (nearly flat ground) and they can cause ground displacements ranging from inches to tens of feet.

This type of movement can damage utilities and structures supported by shallow or deep foundations. In the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region portions of Calabasas, Agoura Hills, and Malibu are in liquefaction zones.

Map 49: Liquefaction Zones
341
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-18
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Landslide
The severity of seismically induced landslides and related damage is dependent on the level of ground shaking and groundwater conditions at the time of the earthquake. The map below depicts areas prone to earthquake induced landslides.

Map 50: Potential Earthquake Induced Landslide Areas
342
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-19
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

EARTHQUAKE MITIGATION STRATEGIES
California Earthquake Mitigation Legislation
Code Development
Earthquakes often result in revisions and improvements in building codes. The 1933 Long Beach Earthquake resulted in the Field Act, affecting school construction. The 1971 Sylmar Earthquake brought another set of increased structural standards. Similar re-evaluations occurred after the 1989 Loma Prieta and 1994 Northridge Earthquakes. These code changes have resulted in stronger and more earthquake resistant structures.

The Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zone Act requires the State Geologist to delineate “special studies zones” along known faults in California. Cities and counties affected by the zones must regulate certain development “projects” within the zones. The Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act was passed in 1972 to mitigate the hazard of surface faulting to structures for human occupancy. This state law was a direct result of the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake, which was associated with extensive surface fault ruptures that damaged numerous homes, commercial buildings, and other structures (SOURCE: California Geological Survey).

The 1990 Seismic Hazards Mapping Act requires the California State Geologist to identify and map zones prone to seismically induced liquefaction, ground-shaking, landslides and other forms of ground failure resulting from earthquakes. The State Department of Conservation operates the Seismic Mapping Program for California.

The California Legislature has passed laws to strengthen the built environment and protect citizens.

There are over 200 laws in the State Code related to earthquake safety. All new development within each of the individual cities within the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region comply with all current State and Los Angeles County Building Codes. The following table provides a partial list of California laws on earthquake safety.

Reference Description
Government Code Section 8870-
8870.95
Creates Seismic Safety Commission.

Government Code Section
8876.1-8876.10
Established the California Center for Earthquake Engineering Research.

Public Resources Code Section
2800-2804.6
Authorized a prototype earthquake prediction system along the central San Andreas fault near the City of Parkfield.

Public Resources Code Section
2810-2815
Continued the Southern California Earthquake Preparedness Project and the Bay Area Regional Earthquake Preparedness Project.

Health and Safety Code Section
16100-16110
The Seismic Safety Commission and State Architect will develop a state policy on acceptable levels of earthquake risk for new and existing state-owned buildings.

Government Code Section 8871-
8871.5
Established the California Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1986.

Health and Safety Code Section
130000-130025
Defined earthquake performance standards for hospitals. 343
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-20
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Reference Description
Public Resources Code Section
2805-2808
Established the California Earthquake Education Project.

Government Code Section
8899.10-8899.16
Established the Earthquake Research Evaluation Conference.

Public Resources Code Section
2621-2630 2621.

Established the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act.

Government Code Section
8878.50-8878.52 8878.50.

Created the Earthquake Safety and Public Buildings Rehabilitation Bond Act of 1990.

Education Code Section 35295-
35297 35295.

Established emergency procedure systems in kindergarten through grade 12 in all the public or private schools.

Health and Safety Code Section
19160-19169
Established standards for seismic retrofitting of un-reinforced masonry buildings.

Health and Safety Code Section
1596.80-1596.879
Required all child day care facilities to include an Earthquake Preparedness Checklist as an attachment to their disaster plan.

Table 134: Partial List of California Laws on Earthquake Safety Source: http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/calaw.html
California Residential Mitigation Program
The California Residential Mitigation Program (CRMP) is an initiative aimed at enhancing the seismic resilience of residential structures in the state of California. Recognizing the seismic vulnerabilities of many homes in this region, the program offers resources and guidance to homeowners seeking to retrofit their properties to withstand earthquakes. CRMP provides valuable information on seismic hazards, engineering standards, and financial incentives available for retrofitting projects. By promoting proactive measures to reinforce residential structures, CRMP endeavors to mitigate potential damages and safeguard the well-being of Californian communities in the event of a seismic event.

344
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-21
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
LVMCOG Mitigation Activities
The cities of Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Malibu and West Lake Village have implemented the Los Angeles Region Uniform Code Program (LARUCP) Seismic Zone 4 requirements. These are more restrictive standards than required by the State of California Building Code.

Agoura Hills
The City of Agoura Hills General Plan (adopted in 2010 and updated in 2022) includes specific sections related to earthquake mitigation and preparedness. The Seismic Hazards Community Safety section of the General Plan, states,
Agoura Hills’, significant seismic hazard is caused by potential ground shaking on the Simi–Santa Rosa Fault, Oak Ridge Fault, and San Cayetano Fault. The Simi–Santa Rosa Fault is approximately 7 miles from Agoura Hills and the Oak Ridge Fault and San Cayetano Fault are located 17 miles and 18 miles from the City respectively.

The Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zone Act requires the State Geologist to delineate “special studies zones” along known active faults in California. Cities and counties affected by the zones must regulate certain development “projects” within the zones. No Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zones have been identified within the City of Agoura Hills.

To minimize the adverse effects to residents, public and private property, and essential services caused by seismic and geologic hazards, the City of Agoura Hills has enacted the following policies:
 Enforcement of Building Code. Review all structures for compliance with the latest edition of the California Building Code (CBC). This code addresses all provisions associated with geologic and seismic regulations and the city requires the review of plans and inspection of all such structures considering the best management practices in site design and building construction methods.
 Geotechnical Investigations. Per City of Agoura Hill Building Code, any new structure could be subject to soils/geotechnical investigations and report to determine the potential for liquefaction, ground rupture, ground shaking, and soil bearing pressure in order to better design the structure for structural integrity.
 Slope Restrictions. Besides the hillside ordinance which has been in effect for years, and the regular CBC requirements, the City of Agoura Hills has more restrictive slope set back requirements. Slope failure repairs are subject to conditional use permit review with conditions for slope maintenance.
 Residential Footings. Due to the location of the City in relations with active faults, the City of Agoura Hills modified sections of the Governing California Residential Code (CRC) in order to provide higher standards for residential buildings in case of a seismic event by requiring continuous footings and better concrete reinforcements.  Retrofit Critical Facilities. Encourage the upgrade, retrofitting, and/or relocation of all existing critical facilities (e.g. schools, police stations, fire stations, and medical facilities) and other important public facilities that do not meet current building code standards and are within areas susceptible to seismic or geologic hazards. 345
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-22
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
 Emergency Preparedness. At the time of any natural disaster, including an earthquake, the City staff and its consultants are trained to facilitate rapid recovery.  The City of Agoura Hills is very involved with International Code Council (ICC) and its local chapters, California Building Officials (CALBO), and the State Building Standard Commission for the adoption, and implementation of the Building Code and all the seismic safety regulations. Additionally, every 3 years during the Code adoption process, the City has adopted more restrictive requirements than those of the State.

The following Goal and the specific policies related to earthquake mitigation included in the General Plan are described below.

Goal S-2 Protection from Geologic Hazards. Minimized adverse effects to residents, public and private property, and essential services caused by seismic and geologic hazards.

Policies
Policy Description
S-2.1
Review Safety Standards. Regularly review and enforce all seismic and geologic safety standards, including the City’s Building Code, and require the use of best management practices (BMPs) in site design and building construction methods. (Imp S-4) S-2.2 Geotechnical Investigations. Require geotechnical investigations to determine the potential for ground rupture, ground shaking, and liquefaction due to seismic events, as well as expansive soils and subsidence problems on sites, including steep slopes, where these hazards are potentially present. (Imp S-4)
S-2.3 Retrofit Critical Facilities. Encourage the upgrade, retrofitting, and/or relocation of all existing critical facilities (e.g., schools, police stations, fire stations, and medical facilities) and other important public facilities that do not meet current building code standards and are within areas susceptible to seismic or geologic hazards. (Imp S-5)
S-2.4 Funding Programs. Pursue federal and state programs to provide additional protection against seismic activity. (Imp S-6)

346
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-23
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
The following table lists the California Building and Residential Codes (CBC and CRC) which were amended by the City of Agoura Hills in order to achieve better strengthening of structures in the community.

Amended 2022 CA Building
Standards Code Section Title
CBC 1613.5 Seismic design provisions for hillside buildings CBC 1807.1.4 Permanent wood foundation systems
CBC 1807.2 Retaining walls
CBC 1809.3 Stepped footings
CBC 1809.7 Prescriptive footings for light-frame construction CBC 1809.12 Timber footings
CBC 2304.10.2 Fastener requirements
CBC 2304.12.2.8 Wood used in retaining walls and cribs
CBC 2306.2 Wood-frame diaphragms
CBC 2306.3 Wood-frame shear walls
CBC 2308.6.8.1 Foundation requirements
CRC R403.1.2 Continuous footing in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1or D2 CRC R403.1.3.6 Isolated concrete footings
CRC R403.1.5 Slope
CRC R404.2 Wood foundation walls
347
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-24
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Calabasas
The City of Calabasas 2030 General Plan, Safety Element includes specific policies to mitigate the threat of earthquakes and other hazards. For example:

Policy Description
VII-1
Incorporate adequate mitigation measures into proposed development projects to achieve an acceptable level of risk from potential seismic hazards resulting from ground motion or fault rupture.

VII-2
Emphasize prevention of physical and economic loss associated with earthquakes and other geologic disasters through early identification of potentially hazardous conditions prior to project approval.

VII-3
Facilitate rapid physical and economic recovery following an earthquake, geologic disaster, or wildland fire through early investigation of the event and implementation of effective new standards for design of structures.

VII-4 Incorporate the analysis and mitigation of seismic risks into the analysis and design of water supply infrastructure.

VII-5
Discourage development within potential landslide areas and areas with severe soils limitations as the City’s preferred management strategy, and as a higher priority than attempting to implement engineering solutions.

VII-6 Where engineering solutions to slope stability constraints are required, implement landform grading programs so as toto recreate a natural hillside appearance.

VII-7 Include projected climate change impacts of slope stability changes after wildfires and develop mitigation strategies for new areas deemed at risk to slope instability.

VII-8
Prior to approval of development projects within the liquefaction or landslide hazard zones depicted on Figure VII-2 or other areas identified by the City Engineer as having significant liquefaction or landslide hazards, require applicants to prepare site-specific liquefaction and/or landslide studies and mitigation. Such studies shall be subject to review and approval by the City Engineer.

VII-9
Work cooperatively with the Las Virgenes Municipal Water District to eEnsure that water supplies are not interrupted by seismic events such as surface rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunami, seiche, or dam failure. Encourage residents, homeowners, and landlords to maintain an on-site emergency supply of water for 3- days in case a seismic event damages water lines.

VII-10
Prepare a bridge preventative maintenance plan that is regularly updated in conformance with the findings from Caltrans’ annual bridge inspection reports.

Implement maintenance recommendations by seeking funding from Caltrans and the Federal Highway Administration, and prioritize bridges that are part of critical evacuation routes.

These policies are intended to minimize the adverse effects to residents, public and private property, and essential services caused by seismic and geologic hazards. Specific policy implementation activities include:
 Incorporate adequate mitigation measures into proposed development projects to achieve an acceptable level of risk from potential seismic hazards resulting from ground motion or fault rupture.
 Emphasize prevention of physical and economic loss associated with earthquakes and other geologic disasters through early identification of potentially hazardous conditions prior to project approval.
348
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-25
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
 Facilitate rapid physical and economic recovery following an earthquake, geologic disaster or wildland fire through early investigation of the event and implementation of effective new standards for design of structures.
 Discourage development within potential landslide areas and areas with severe soils limitation as the City’s preferred management strategy, and as a higher priority than attempting to implement engineering solutions.
 Where engineering solutions to slope stability constraints are required, implement landform grading programs so as to recreate a natural hillside appearance.  Prior to approval of development projects within the liquefaction or landslide hazard zones or other areas identified by the City Engineer as having significant liquefaction and/or landslide hazards, require applicants to prepare site specific liquefaction and/or landslide studies and mitigation. Such studies shall be subject to review and approval by the City Engineer.

In March 2010, the City of Calabasas through the Department of Public Works published guidelines provide the minimum standards and recommended format for engineering geologic and geotechnical engineering reports submitted to the City of Calabasas. Further, in September 2010, the City of Calabasas amended its building codes to the California Building Code Standards which include Seismic design as of January 1, 2011. Finally, the City recently adopted the tri-annual CA Building Codes, which went into effect on January 1, 2023. 349
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-26
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Hidden Hills
The Safety Element of Hidden Hill’s General Plan (1995) includes a focus on, “the reduction and/or prevention of injuries, loss of life, property damage, and economic and social disruption due to fires, floods, seismic activities, and other natural disasters.” The City of Hidden Hills Safety Element serves three key functions:
 Provide a framework by which safety considerations are introduced into the planning and development process;
 Identify and evaluate natural hazards; and
 Establish goals and policies which minimize potential adverse effects related to natural hazards
In addition, the city implements an Emergency Evacuation Plan. The Emergency Evacuation Plan is an important aspect since there are limited means of ingress and egress to the community.

The City of Hidden Hills includes specific goals and policies related to natural hazards and the risk of earthquakes:

Goal 1: Protect life and property from geologic and seismic hazards in the City.

Policy Description

1.1 Require that all new buildings in Hidden Hills comply to the current building standards.

1.2 Protect areas of potential slope instability from future residential developments.

1.3 Require a "slope stability assessment" to be conducted prior to taking action on future single family residential subdivisions which are located in areas of potential slope instability.

The Housing and Land Use Elements of the General Plan ensure that structures in Hidden Hills comply with standards for design, building materials, and are not subject to undue hazard based on their location. The City of Hidden Hills has included several mitigation requirements under Title 5, Land Use and Develop. They are:
3319.2 Geologic Hazard.
 No building or grading permit shall be issued under the provisions of this Section when the Building Official finds that property outside the site of the proposed work could be damaged by activation or acceleration of a geologically hazardous condition and such activation or acceleration could be attributed to the proposed work on, or change in use of, the site for which the permit is requested. For the purpose of this subsection, geologically hazardous condition does not include the hazard of surface displacement due to earthquake faults.
 Work requiring a building or grading permit by this Code is not permitted in an area determined by the City Engineer to be subject to hazard from landslide, settlement or slippage. These hazards include those from loose debris, slope wash and the potential for mud flows from natural slopes or graded slopes. For the purpose of this subsection, landslide, settlement or slippage does not include surface displacement due to the earthquake faults.
350
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-27
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Malibu
The City of Malibu General Plan, Safety and Health Element includes goals and measures to mitigate the risk of earthquakes.

5.3.1 S Goal 1: A Community that is Free from All Avoidable Risks to Safety, Health and Welfare from Natural and Man-Made Hazards
Objective Policy Description
S Objective 1.1: Losses to Life and Property from
Natural and Man-Made Hazards Greatly Reduced
from Historic Levels.

S Policy

1.1.1 The City shall protect people and
property from environmental hazards.

S Objective 1.2: Risks to residents and businesses
from development in Hazardous areas are
minimized.

S Policy

1.2.1 The City shall require development to
provide for analyses of site safety
related to potential hazards of fault
rupture, earthquake ground shaking,
liquefaction, and rockfalls.

Specific measures related to earthquake mitigation include:

S Implementation
Measure Description
39 Develop and maintain a development geo-hazard database to incorporate findings from site specific and area hazard-related studies.
40 Adopt and update as appropriate maps of extreme fire danger areas, 100- year flood plains, landslide and debris flow danger, active and potentially active faults, tsunami, and any other hazard areas; and inform residents of those areas of risks and possible mitigation measures.
41 Require that all new construction be designed to be earthquake resistant to maximum probable earthquakes.
42 Apply all restrictions and investigation requirements mandated by the State under the Alquist-Priolo Special Studies Zones Act for faults classified as “active” to development on properties crossed by or adjacent to the Malibu Coast Fault. 45 Require that all critical use facilities (hospitals, police and fire stations) be earthquake resistant designed for the effects of a maximum credible earthquake. 47 To protect slope stability, restrict grading or development related vegetation clearance where the slope exceeds 2:1, except as required for fire safety, driveways and utilities and where there is no reasonable alternative. 50 Require that soils, geologic and structural evaluation reports with appropriate mitigation measures be prepared by registered soils engineers, engineering geologists, and/or structural engineers and that all recommended mitigation measures be implemented.
51 Evaluate proposed development for its impact on, and from, geologic hazards, flood and mud flow hazard, and fire hazard.

The City also implements a comprehensive Emergency Operations Plan and has developed a Mass Evacuation Plan.
351
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-28
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Westlake Village
The Los Angeles County Department of Public Works oversees Westlake Village’s Building and Safety Department. The Building and Safety Division is the enforcement, through the plan check and inspection process, of the Building, Plumbing, Mechanical, and Electrical Codes, as well as other local and State requirements relevant to the construction and occupancy of public and private structures. Other pertinent State and local requirements enforced by Building and Safety include zoning requirements, general hazards mitigation, geology, disabled access, and environmental protection.

Prior to development on certain soils such as thicker alluvium where liquefaction may occur, the City of Westlake Village requires a soils report. Additionally, if a hillside development is planned on an area located on sediments or volcanic rock, an engineering geology and soil investigation is required.

In addition, the City of Westlake Village General Plan (1993) contains specific goals, objectives, and policies to address the risk of earthquakes and other hazards within the city.

Goal It shall be the goal of the City of Westlake Village to minimize hazards to public health, safety and welfare which may result from geologic conditions, seismic activity and flooding.

Policies &
Objectives
Objective
It shall be the objective of the City of Westlake Village to:

1. Provide for an efficient and safe evacuation of the community in the event of a major disaster.

Policies
It shall be the policy of the City of Westlake Village to:

1.1. Maintain an effective Citywide Emergency Preparedness Plan (I-1 and 1-2).

Objective
It shall be the objective of the City of Westlake Village to:

2. Ensure that construction and development activities within the community does not expose residents to avoidable natural hazards.

Policies
It shall be the policy of the City of Westlake Village to:

2.1. Require the preparation of a detailed geologic and soils report to accompany each grading permit application in all hillside management areas (I-4).

2.2. Prohibit the placement of structures for human habitation within flood prone areas unless the flood hazard is eliminated by measures that do not impair the carrying capacity of the watercourse (I-5).

2.3. Enforce the provisions of the Uniform Building Code, specifically Chapters 23 and 70 as they relate to earthquake-resistant design and excavation and grading (I-6).

352
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-29
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
The City of Westlake Village Implementation Program includes:

I-1 Continue to update the Citywide Emergency Preparedness Plan as new information becomes available.

I-2 Periodically distribute an updated pamphlet which informs individual residents of their responsibilities for emergency preparedness.

I-3 Support training programs to train volunteers to assist police, fire protection and civil defense personnel during and after a seismic, fire or flooding event.

I-4 Continue to implement the provisions of the Hillside Management ordinance and coordinate with the Los Angeles County Building and Safety Department so all applicable grading and development standards are implemented.

I-5 Coordinate with the Los Angeles County Flood Control district to ensure that potential flooding hazards associated with proposed new development are fully mitigated.

I-6 Coordinate with the Los Angeles County Building and Safety Department in the review of all development proposals, ensuring Chapters 23 and 70 of the Uniform Building Code are enforced.

353
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 6-30
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
***This page intentionally left blank***
354
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-1
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
SECTION 7. WILDFIRE

THE NATURE OF THE WILDFIRE THREAT
Fire is a natural part of the ecosystem in Southern California. However, wildfires present a substantial hazard to life and property in communities such as the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region that are built within or adjacent to hillsides and mountainous areas. Consequently, there is a significant potential for losses due to fire in the Region (including wildland and urban fires).

HISTORICAL RECORD OF SIGNIFICANT FIRES
The table below provides a summary of the Top 20 Most Destructive Wildfires in California according to the California Division of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) as of September 2023.

Table 135: CAL FIRE Top 20 Most Destructive Wildfires
Source: CAL FIRE (https://34c031f8-c9fd-4018-8c5a-4159cdff6b0d-cdn-endpoint.azureedge.net/-/media/calfire-website/ourimpact/fire-statistics/featureditems/top20_destruction.pdf?rev=ee6ea855632a4b56a46adea1d3c8022f&hash=5B8B3A1A35CBB52CB0ED7A010F0B52E0) 355
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-2
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
History of Fire Events in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region The Las Virgenes-Malibu COG Region has a long history of wildland fires. In fact, over the past 110 years nearly the entire Las Virgenes Malibu Region has been impacted by fire. Major fires since 2005 in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region include the following events:

Name Year Estimated Acres Structure Loss
Woolsey Fire 2018 96,949 1,643
Lost Fire 2008 167 0
Corral Fire 2007 4,901 53
Malibu Canyon Fire 2007 4,565 22
Sherwood Fire 2006 168 0
Topanga Fire 2005 24,175 323
Table 136: Major Fires Near of / In the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region The map below outlines the burn area and starting
location of the 2018 Woolsey Fire. The fire which
burned almost 100,000 acres, included 3 casualties,
and prompted evacuations of nearly 300,000 people
was primarily fueled by dry conditions, strong Santa
Ana winds, and parched vegetation. Per California
Public Utilities Commission, Cal Fire’s investigation
report states that the fire was caused by “electrical
equipment associated with the Big Rock 16kV circuit,
owned and operated by Southern California Edison
(SCE)”, as well as a series of other events. The
Woolsey Fire ultimately led to widespread destruction of homes, wildlife habitats, and natural landscapes, prompting extensive emergency response efforts and a substantial recovery process for affected communities.

Map 51: Woolsey Fire Perimeter
Source: National Park Services (https://www.nps.gov/samo/learn/management/2018-woolsey-fire.htm) Figure 87: Woolsey Fire Smoke Plume
Credit: U.S. Forest Service
356
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-3
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

CAUSES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WILDFIRES
Southern California has two distinct areas of risk for wildland fire. First, the foothills and lower mountainous areas which are often covered with scrub brush or chaparral. Second, the higher elevation mountains which are contain large forest areas. In fact, the magnitude of the 2003 fires that struck Southern California were the result of three primary factors: (1) severe drought, accompanied by a series of storms that produced thousands of lightning strikes and windy conditions; (2) an infestation of bark beetles that has killed thousands of mature trees; and (3) the effects of wildfire suppression over the past century that led to a build-up of brush and small diameter trees in the forests.

WILDFIRE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Urban/Wildland Interface Fires
The Las Virgenes-Malibu Region is like many Southern California communities that are challenged by the increasing number of houses being built on the urban/wildland interface. The National Wildland Coordinating Group defines urban/wildland interface as “the line, area, or zone where structures and other human development meet or intermingle with undeveloped wildland or vegetative fuel.

In terms of urban/wildland interface fires, there are three categories of concern:
 The classic urban/wildland interface exists where well-defined urban and suburban development presses up against open expanses of wildland areas;  The mixed urban/wildland interface is characterized by isolated homes, subdivisions and small communities situated predominantly in wildland settings;  Occluded urban/wildland interfaces exist where islands of wildland vegetation occur inside a largely urbanized area.

Source: National Park Service
Figure 88: Woolsey Fire – Overlooking King
Gillette Ranch
Figure 89: Woolsey Fire - Peter Strauss Ranch
357
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-4
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones
For the purposes of describing the severity of fire hazard areas, the Los Angeles County Fire Department classifies areas according to criteria established in the State legislation commonly referred to as the “Bates Bill”. The Bates Bill Process determines Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (VHFHSZs) including Local Responsibility Areas (LRAs).

Very High
Local
Responsibility
Areas (LRA)
Government Code 51175-89 directs the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) to identify areas of very high fire hazard severity zones within Local Responsibility Areas (LRA). Mapping of the areas, referred to as Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (VHFHSZ), is based on data and models of, potential fuels over a 30-50 year time horizon and their associated expected fire behavior, and expected burn probabilities to quantify the likelihood and nature of vegetation fire exposure (including firebrands) to buildings. Public Resources Code 4201-4204 directs the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) to map fire hazard within State Responsibility Areas (SRA) based on fuel loading, slope, fire weather, and other relevant factors present, including areas where winds have been identified by the department as a major cause of wildfire spread.

These zones, referred to as Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ), classify a wildland zone as Moderate, High, or Very High fire hazard based on the average hazard across the area included in the zone.

Very High
State
Responsibility
Areas (SRA)
The State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection classify areas in which the primary financial responsibility for preventing and suppressing fires is that of the state. These include: lands covered wholly or in part by timber, brush, undergrowth or grass, whether of commercial value or not; lands which protect the soil from erosion, retard run-off of water or accelerated percolation; lands used principally for range or forage purposes; lands not owned by the Federal government; and lands not incorporated. By Board regulations, unless specific circumstances dictate otherwise, lands are removed from SRA when housing densities average more than 3 units per acre over an area of 250 acres.

Very High
Federal
Responsibility
Areas (FRA)
The State and Federal Agencies jointly develop and review the Annual Operating Plan for the protection of Federal Responsibility Areas (FRA) located within State DPAs. As identified in the Annual Operating Plan, the State provides wildland fire protection at a level, which is most nearly equivalent to the wildland fire protection that would be provided directly by the Federal Agencies on FRA of equal hazard, risk, and value. Federal Agencies retain all land management responsibilities except for wildland fire protection on FRA within the area where the State has direct protection responsibility. This does not preclude the Federal Agencies from conducting fire prevention activities on these lands.

In order to comply with the Bates Bill, the cities within the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region completed an evaluation of the following factors to determine the areas of the Region which would qualify as a Very High Wildland Fire Hazard Severity Zones.
 Fuel
 Topography
 Dwelling density
 Weather
 Infrastructure
 Fire codes and ordinances as they relate to brush issues

358
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-5
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Each factor was given a value of 1-4 with a 4 being the highest danger rating. Any total score over 10 qualified the area as being one of VHFHSZ. Each of the three areas evaluated rated 10 or above with the highest area receiving a 12.

All five cities within the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region have been designated as VHFHSZs. Fire zone areas are rated on a scale of I – IV, with IV representing the most severe fire hazard zone.

The Region contains both Zone III and Zone IV areas.

Identifying the hazard area as set forth above is the first step in assessing each city’s vulnerability to wildland fires. Other key factors in assessing wildfire risk include:
 Ignition sources
 Building materials and design
 Community design
 Structural density
 Slope
 Vegetative fuel
 Fire occurrence
 Weather, as well as occurrences of drought
The CAL FIRE map below depicts the Fire Hazard Severity Zones State Responsibility Areas (SRA) for the LVMCOG Region.

Note: The CAL FIRE map specifically displays SRA, for LRA and VHFHSZ please refer to the next page.

Map 52: FHSZ SRA for the LVMCOG Region (currently in the regulatory process as of September 29, 2023) 359
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-6
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
The following maps depict the Fire Hazard Severity Zones (SRA and LRA) for each city within the LVMCOG, per County of Los Angeles Bureau of Land Management, Esri, Garmin, USGS, NGA, EPA, USDA, NPS, HERE (pending adoption as of 9/29/23):

Agoura Hills Calabasas

Hidden Hills Westlake Village
Malibu

360
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-7
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Estimated Impact of an Event
If a major wildfire were to occur, the consequences to local populations and housing in urban interface areas will be significant. The table below provides the estimated impact of a disaster using a 5% loss baseline.

Category Agoura
Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Malibu Westlake Village
Impact if a
5% Loss
Occurs
Population* 20,362 23,410 2,182 10,915 8,081 3,248
Total City
Employment 11,100 11,800 5 6,483 3,700 1,654
Economy**
(in thousands) $621,000 $1,011,348 N/A $578,443 $576,306 139,355 Total Housing Units 7,799 9,401 692 6,936 3,273 1,405
Median Home Value $857,700 $1,141,600 More than
$2,000,000
More than
$2,000,000 $1,029,100 More than $1.9B
Table 137: Estimated Population and Economic Loss of a Wildfire *U.S. Census – American Community Survey 2021
**2017 U.S. Economic Census (in thousands)
Based on a 5% loss projection, more than 3,200 residents and more than 1,600 jobs would be displaced or significantly impacted resulting in more than $139M in economic losses, and more than 1,400 homes could be damaged or destroyed resulting in over $1.9 billion in losses (see Community Profile section for population, housing, and economic data).

Risk of Future Wildfire
For the LVMCOG Region, the risk of future climate change events was estimated by the Working Group using the following weighted formula:

Risk = (0.45 x Probability) + (0.30 x Magnitude/Severity) + (0.15 x Warning Time) + (0.10 x Duration) Probability Magnitude / Severity Warning Time Duration
Level ID Value Level ID Value Level ID Value Level ID Value Unlikely 1 Negligible 1 Less than 6 hrs 4 Less than 6 hrs 1 Possibly 2 Limited 2 6 to 12 hrs 3 Less than 24 hrs 2
Likely 3 Critical 3 12 to 24 hrs 2 Less than one wk 3
Highly Likely 4 Catastrophic 4 More than 24 hrs 1 More than one wk 4 The result was a climate change risk rating of 9.43 (see Annex C Working Group HMP Risk Assessment Survey for additional details):

Hazard Probability Magnitude Warning
Time Duration Risk
Wildfire 9.5 9 3 20 9.43

361
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-8
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

WILDFIRE VULNERABILITIES
Base Hazard Factors
In order to determine the "base hazard factor" of specific wildfire hazard sites and interface areas, several factors must be considered. Categories used to assess the base hazard factor include:
 Topography (location, characteristics and
 Fuels
 Development (site/building construction and design, landscaping, defensible space, accessibility, etc.)
 Weather
Topography
Topography influences the movement of air, thereby directing a fire’s course. In general, if the percentage of uphill slope doubles the rate of fire spread doubles. Gulches and canyons can funnel air and act as chimneys, which intensify fire behavior and cause the fire to spread faster.

Unfortunately, hillsides with hazardous topographic characteristics are also desirable, residential areas in many communities. This underscores the need for wildfire hazard mitigation and increased education and outreach to homeowners living in interface areas. Numerous canyons, saddles, and ridges in the VHFHSZ will also contribute to erratic fire behavior due to the funnel and subsequent acceleration effect it will have on wind traveling through the area.

Fuels
An important element in understanding the danger of wildfire is the availability of diverse fuels in the landscape, such as natural vegetation, manmade structures and combustible materials. A house surrounded by brushy growth rather than cleared space allows for greater continuity of fuel and increases the fire’s ability to spread. After decades of fire suppression “dog-hair" thickets have accumulated, which enable high intensity fires to flare and spread rapidly.

In addition, fuel is a key factor in wildfire behavior. Fuel is classified by volume and by type.

Volume is described in terms of “fuel loading,” or the amount of available vegetative fuel. In the Las Virgenes- Malibu Region, there are several types of fuel including a large amount of chaparral and woodland vegetation that is a catalyst for fire activity.

Like much of Southern California, chaparral is a primary fuel prevalent in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region along with grasses, non-native vegetation and large trees such as junipers, palm, eucalyptus, pines, and locally prevalent oaks.

Added to this is the fact that a large percentage of the fuel beds in the Santa Monica Mountains contain dead and downed vegetation. This “die back” condition is due largely to drought conditions. These fuel beds are extremely receptive to ignition and spread of wildfires more quickly than live vegetation. This type of fuel mode is of particular concern when fires are wind driven, which can lead to short and long range spotting - which can affect the entire Region.

362
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-9
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Development
Growth and development in scrubland and forested areas is increasing the number of structures in the Las Virgenes-Malibu interface areas. Wildfire has an effect on development, yet development can also influence wildfire. Owners often prefer homes that are private, have scenic views, are nestled in vegetation and use natural materials. There are many types of these homes within the Region that use vegetation as privacy barriers. A private setting may be far from public roads, or hidden behind a narrow, curving driveway. These conditions make evacuation and firefighting difficult. Similarly, narrow and winding roads in these developed areas tend to make evacuation of civilians slow and difficult especially when fire resources are trying to gain access to the area utilizing the same roads.

Wildfire hazard areas are commonly identified in Regions of the urban/wildland interface. Ranges of the wildfire hazard are further determined by the ease of fire ignition due to natural or human conditions and the difficulty of fire suppression. The wildfire hazard is also magnified by several factors related to fire suppression/control such as the surrounding fuel load, weather, topography, and property characteristics. Generally, hazard identification rating systems are based on weighted factors of fuels, weather and topography.

Within the cities in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region, increased development in and adjacent to naturally vegetated areas exposes additional structures to potential wildland fires. With sound construction practices, sufficient water flows, brush clearance and provision of adequate access the risk can be reduced.

Weather
Drought
Weather patterns combined with certain geographic locations can create a favorable climate for wildfire activity. Areas where annual precipitation is less than 30 inches per year are extremely fire susceptible. This is a definite classification of the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region. Recent concerns about the effects of climate change (particularly drought) have contributed to concerns about wildfire vulnerability (see Climate Change section for additional details).

Drought also leads to less frequent irrigation which can contribute to wildfires. From 2007 to 2009 and again from 2012 to 2016 Southern California experienced severe drought conditions. This corresponds to the most recent years when significant wildfires have occurred.

Wind
High-risk areas in Southern California share a hot, dry season in late summer and early fall when high temperatures and low humidity favor fire activity. The “Santa Ana” winds, which are heated by compression as they flow down to Southern California from Utah, create a particularly high risk, as they can rapidly spread what might otherwise be a small fire.

The Las Virgenes-Malibu Region experiences Santa Ana Wind conditions typically in the fall months. This poses a threat in two ways. A fire starting in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region will spread rapidly and has the potential of overwhelming initial attack forces and destroying structures within minutes of ignition. A fire starting adjacent to the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region could quickly burn into the area either by direct flame contact or by fire brands being carried by the winds and spotting onto structures or combustible vegetation. 363
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-10
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Wind bends the flames to pre-heat the fuel ahead and can carry fire brands up to a quarter mile or more ahead of the flame front. The majority of catastrophic fires that Southern California has experienced have occurred in the months of September, October, and November when Santa Ana Winds typically occur. Wind is considered to be the primary factor that influences fire spread.

Furthermore, in the City of Malibu, severe wind gusts can occur through local canyons and valleys, propelling and increasing the intensity of wildfires.

SCE Public Safety Power Shutoffs
High winds combined with severe wildfire risk increase the threat of power line related fires. Trees can fall onto power lines sparking a fire and wind-blown debris can cause sparks and ignite. In response, Southern California Edison (SCE) has issued public notices that it may de-energize selected power lines during these high risk periods. The SCE website states, “In alignment with its operational safety practices, we may proactively shut off power in high fire risk areas when extreme weather conditions present a clear and imminent danger to public safety. We take pride in service reliability; de-energizing customers is not something we take lightly and is only sparingly used in the most extreme conditions. This will only occur after exhausting a number of other operational practices.” Most cities within LVMCOG have experienced a PSPS multiple times and are constantly working to refine response procedures to support the community and manage infrastructure outages.

Figure 90: SCE Public Safety Power Shutoff Process
364
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-11
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
The Threat of Urban Conflagration
An urban conflagration could start either as a result of a lightning strike, arson, human error, earthquake or other phenomenon. Possible scenarios include a fire in planned community that quickly spreads to nearby homes due to a combination of high winds and high temperatures.

Business structures are also at risk however this threat is mitigated by requirements for commercial sprinkler systems. Nevertheless, there is still a risk of widespread fire if local water supplies are disrupted due to extremely high demand, power outage, or line breaks (cause by an earthquake or other damage). Examples include high rise offices, large hotels, and retail centers.

Wildfire Probabilities
Southern California and the cities within the LVMCOG are perennially under threat of wildfire.

This situation will worsen as the impacts of climate change continue (see Climate Change section for details). Further, the National Interagency Coordination Center lists the potential outlook of fire for the Southern California region as “Normal” as of November 2023, which can be attributed to increased rainfall and the influence of Hurricane Hillary during August 2023. However, it is expected that the potential of a wildland fire will return to above normal levels, primarily due to accelerated vegetation growth.

Map 53: Significant Wildland Fire Potential Outlook – November 2023 365
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-12
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

WILDFIRE MITIGATION STRATEGIES
Genasys Protect (Zonehaven) Aware Program
The Genasys Protect (Zonehaven) AWARE is a mapping tool used by all LVMCOG cities and is designed to work in combination with public alert and warning systems such as ALERT LA County and local City emergency alert systems. This tool ensures that both first responders and residents have access to the same Zone maps for efficient evacuation planning. Currently implemented in the Santa Monica Mountain region, residents can easily identify their specific "Zone" and access vital information about emergency services, real-time zone status updates, available shelters, and more. In the event of significant incidents requiring evacuations, the Zone map is continuously updated in real time.

Los Angeles County Fire Department
First Responders
The Las Virgenes-Malibu Region is located at the Central Operations Bureau, Division of the Los Angeles County Department (LACoFD). Battalion 5 of the LACoFD serves the Las VirgenesMalibu Region with a total of 12 stations assigned to serve five cities and over 68,000 residents.

The cities include Agoura Hills, Calabasas, Hidden Hills, Malibu, Westlake Village. Battalion 5 headquarters are located at 29575 Canwood St. Agoura Hills CA 91301.

Operating 9 divisions and 22 battalions, LACoFD answers approximately 400,000 emergency calls annually. The Department currently has 177 fire stations, 75 paramedic squads, 9 wildland fire suppression camps, 10 bulldozers, 10 helicopters, 23 Prevention Offices, 12 Forestry Units and numerous other response vehicles and facilities. It serves 58 incorporated cities, as well as the unincorporated areas of the County. Additionally, the Department has Planning, Information Management, Lifeguard, and Health Hazardous Materials Divisions which provide valuable services to the more than 4.0 million people who reside in the 1.2 million housing units located throughout the Department’s 2,311 square mile area. The LACoFD is one of six Contract Counties that maintain a contractual relationship with California Department of Forestry and utilizes the California Fire Plan within Los Angeles County as the primary wildland fire protection plan.

366
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-13
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Other Agencies
It is important to work with other organizations and agencies to create a more comprehensive Hazard Mitigation Plan. There are numerous agencies with which Division VII of the LACoFD works closely, including but not limited to:

Political Entity Jurisdiction
Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department Local Government/ Law Enforcement City of Los Angeles Local Government/LRA Fire Protection Ventura County Fire Department LRA and SRA Fire Protection National Park Service Public Land Ownership, DPA Fire Protection CAL FIRE Contract
City of Agoura Hills Tax Share
City of Hidden Hills Tax Share
City of Malibu Tax Share
City of Westlake Village Tax Share
City of Calabasas Tax Share
California State Parks Public Land Ownership, SRA Fire Protection Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy Public Land Ownership, Recreational Use Public Utility Companies State/County
California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection State/County Table 138: Political Entities that Coordinate with the LACoFD to Mitigate the Threat of Fire Fire Prevention Division
The Las Virgenes-Malibu area is part of the LACoFD Fire Prevention Central Region. Fire prevention and code enforcement in this area historically requires concentrated efforts related to water supplies for fire protection and vehicular access for fire apparatus. Geographic and terrain limitations as well as the lack of water supply in mountainous terrain present challenges that LACoFD Inspectors review and inspect, often times providing alternative solutions for the owners/occupants to consider.

Fire Prevention Programs
The Los Angeles County Fire Department manages an active effort in order to prevent the possibility of a wildfire occurring within the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region. The following list provides a sample of the programs, activities and practices.

Prescribed Burning
The health and condition of brush will determine the magnitude of wildfire. The LACoFD does practice prescribed burning. If fuels (slash, dry or dead vegetation, fallen limbs and branches) are allowed to accumulate over long periods of time without being methodically cleared, fire can move more quickly and destroy everything in its path. The results are more catastrophic than if the fuels are periodically eliminated. Prescribed burning is the most efficient method to remove these fuels.

Pre-Fire Management Plan
As a preventative measure, the LACoFD also implements a Pre-Fire Management Plan whose overall goal is to reduce the total cost and losses from wildland fires in California by protecting assets at risk through focused pre-fire management prescriptions and increased initial attacks.

367
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-14
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Fuel Modification Plan
The Fuel Modification Plan is part of the Forestry Division of the LACoFD. This publication was prepared to establish a set of guidelines and landscape criteria for all new construction relating to fuel modification planning that will reduce the threat of fire in high hazard areas.

Vegetation Management Program
The Vegetation Management Program (VMP) is a cost-sharing program that focuses on the use of prescribed fire, mechanical, biological and chemical means for addressing wildland fire fuel hazards and other resource management issues on State Responsibility Area (SRA) and Local Responsibility Area (LRA) lands. The use of prescribed fire mimics natural processes, restores fire to its historic role in wildland ecosystems, and provides significant fire hazard reduction benefits that enhance public and firefighter safety.

The Los Angeles County Fire Department created the Vegetation Management Program in 1979 to develop strategies for responding to the growing fire hazard problem. These include:
 An ongoing effort to analyze the history of wildland fires in Los Angeles County  Experimentation with different methods of reducing and removing fuels in fire prone areas  Evaluation of the environmental impacts and effects of these practices Brush Clearance Inspection Program
Mandated by the LA County Fire Code, all property owners in the region are presently required to maintain a firebreak around and adjacent to all buildings and structures by removing all flammable vegetation or other combustible growth for a minimum distance of 200 feet from the structure or to the property line, whichever is closer.

The Brush Clearance Program is a joint effort between the Los Angeles County Fire Department and the County of Los Angeles Department of Agricultural Commissioner/Weights and Measures, Weed Hazard and Pest Abatement Bureau (Weed Abatement Division). This unified enforcement legally declares both improved and unimproved properties a public nuisance, and where necessary, requires the clearance of hazardous vegetation. These measures create “Defensible Space” for effective fire protection of property, life and the environment. The Department’s Brush Clearance Unit enforces the Fire Codes as it relates to brush clearance on improved parcels, coordinates inspections and compliance efforts with fire station personnel, and provides annual brush clearance training to fire station personnel.

Fire Retardant Foam
All the Los Angeles County Fire Department fire engines are equipped with fire retardant foam capability. This type of program demonstrates the value of pre-suppression and prevention efforts when combined with property owner support to mitigate hazards within the wildland/urban interface.

368
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-15
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Federal Programs
The role of the federal land managing agencies in the wildland /urban interface is to reduce fuel hazards on the lands they administer; cooperate in prevention and education programs; provide technical and financial assistance; and develop agreements, partnerships and relationships with property owners, local protection agencies, states and other stakeholders. These relationships focus on activities before a fire occurs, which render structures and communities safer and better able to survive a fire occurrence.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Programs
FEMA is directly responsible for providing fire suppression assistance grants and, in certain cases, major disaster assistance and hazard mitigation grants in response to fires. The role of FEMA in the wildland /urban interface is to encourage comprehensive disaster preparedness plans and programs, increase the capability of state and local governments and provide for a greater understanding of FEMA programs at the federal, state and local levels.

Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG)
The Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG) program extends support to local, state, and tribal authorities for the purpose of mitigating, managing, and containing fires on both publicly and privately owned forests or grasslands. This aid is provided when such fires pose a significant threat of devastation on a scale that could qualify as a major disaster.

Fire Suppression Assistance Grants
Fire Suppression Assistance Grants may be provided to a state with an approved hazard mitigation plan for the suppression of a forest or grassland fire that threatens to become a major disaster on public or private lands. These grants are provided to protect life and improved property as well as encourage the development and implementation of viable multi-hazard mitigation measures. The grant may include funds for equipment, supplies and personnel. A Fire Suppression Assistance Grant is the form of assistance most often provided by FEMA to a state for fires. The grants are cost-shared with states. FEMA’s Fire Administration (USFA) provides public education materials addressing wildland/urban interface issues and the USFA's National Fire Academy provides training programs.

Hazard Mitigation Grant Program
Following a major disaster declaration, the FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program provides funding for long-term hazard mitigation projects and activities to reduce the possibility of damages from all future fire hazards and to reduce the costs to the nation for responding to and recovering from the disaster.

National Wildland/Urban Interface Fire Protection Program Federal agencies can use the National Wildland/Urban Interface Fire Protection Program to focus on wildland/urban interface fire protection issues and actions. The Western Governors' Association (WGA) can act as a catalyst to involve state agencies, as well as local and private stakeholders, with the objective of developing an implementation plan to achieve a uniform, integrated national approach to hazard and risk assessment and fire prevention and protection in the wildland/urban interface. The program helps states develop viable and comprehensive wildland fire mitigation plans and performance-based partnerships. 369
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-16
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
U.S. Forest Service
The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) is involved in a fuel-loading program implemented to assess fuels and reduce hazardous buildup on forest lands. The USFS is a cooperating agency and, while it has little to no jurisdiction in the lower valleys, it has an interest in preventing fires in the interface, as fires often burn up the hills and into the higher elevation US forest lands.

Fire Codes
Fire codes have been amended throughout the years to assist fire department personnel with wildland firefighting in the rural/urban interface zones. Building construction in these areas may have additional requirements for non-combustible construction components and water supplies.

Inspectors assigned to these regional offices provide developers and homeowners with information for fire safe construction and fire protection systems.

Building Codes
All five Malibu-Las Virgenes COG cities are located within the Very High Fire Hazard Severity zone (VHFHSZ). Class A roofing material and one-hour rated exterior construction of structures is required by Fire and Building Codes.
370
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-17
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Public Education and Involvement
The Fire Prevention Division within the Los Angeles County Fire Department (LACoFD) focuses on educating the community about the benefits of proper safety practices and identifying and eliminating all types of hazardous conditions, which pose a threat to life, the environment and property.

Ready Set Go!
The Los Angeles County Fire Department promotes wildfire prevention, loss mitigation, and preparedness via its website, through public information campaigns, and neighborhood inspections. As part of this effort, the LACoFD has published a personal wildfire action plan for residents living in the interface region called Ready Set Go! The plan describes the actions and tools necessary to successfully prepare for a wildfire. It gives guidance on retrofitting houses with fire-resistive features and describes how to create the necessary defensible space around the home. This publication also helps families prepare well ahead of time so that they are ready to quickly evacuate from an area endangered by a fast-approaching wildfire.

Additionally, the County Fire Department makes a variety of Safety Handouts available on their website and at various fire stations in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region. These documents include but are not limited to:
 Home Fire Safety Tips
 Brush Clearance Tips
 Exit Drills in the Home
 Storm Safety Guidelines
 Rolling Electric Outage Safety
 Link to Southern California Gas Company for safety
tips on gas appliances
Figure 91: LACoFD Ready Set Go Web Page
371
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-18
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
A Road Map to Fire Safety
The Santa Monica Mountains Fire Safety Alliance
developed a booklet on how to create a defensible
space for residents of the Santa Monica Mountains.

A Road Map to Fire Safety includes fire hazard
reduction guidance, FAIR Plan insurance material,
environmental considerations, topography and
vegetation facts, and fire prevention organization
information. The booklet is distributed by the Los
Angeles County Fire Department and each
LVMCOG city in hardcopy and softcopy formats.

Community Education
The cities within the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region provide ongoing community education on fire hazards through the following programs:
 CERT (Citizen Emergency Response Team) training
 The City of Calabasas offers Calabasas Emergency Response Program (CERP) and Volunteers on Patrol program.
 The City of Malibu offers an Emergency Preparedness Program and Home Ignition Zone Assessment. Additionally, the City of Malibu Fire Liaisons serve as official contacts for Firewise Communities in the City and work to assist new neighborhoods in achieving Firewise Recognition.
 The City of Westlake has a CERT Program and Volunteers on Patrol Team.

The Las Virgenes-Malibu Regional cities along with the LACoFD educate the public in terms of fire and life Safety by providing the following special programs upon request. Fire Safety Education Programs that consist of the following:
 Local cable television education and informational programs are shown throughout the year, but most often during the months considered being fire season.  Informational brochures have also been prepared and are distributed informing citizens about the need for evacuation plans and tips on home protection.

Connect-CTY, Code Red, and Alert LA County Emergency Mass Notification System Many residents of the Las Virgenes- Malibu COG (excluding Malibu residents who utilize Everbridge) participate in the Connect-CTY service (Finalsite Connect Inc and Code Red) which allows authorized civic leaders to create and rapidly disseminate time-sensitive messages to every telephone number stored in the notification database. With the Connect-CTY and Code Red service, authorized users can send thousands of messages in minutes. Only authorized officials are allowed access to the system.

In addition, Los Angeles County has implemented an emergency mass notification system that will be used to contact County residents and businesses via recorded phone messages, text messages or e-mail messages in case of emergency. The system, called Alert LA County, will be used by the County’s Emergency Operations Center to notify residents and businesses of emergencies or critical situations and provide information regarding necessary actions such as evacuations.

Figure 92: A Road Map to Fire Safety Booklet
372
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-19
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
BAER (Burned Area Emergency Rehabilitation)
The Los Angeles County Fire Department working in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service, surveys burned areas after wildfires in order to determine what mitigation efforts are necessary to avoid mudslides in the event of a large rainfall (ex. strategically placing K-rails to deter mudslides) and to begin re-vegetation.

LVMCOG Mitigation Activities
All cities within the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments provide information regarding wildfire mitigation along with other emergency information on their websites. Wildfire mitigation planning advice can be downloaded or viewed online.

Agoura Hills
The City of Agoura Hills has implemented local fire codes to supplement County and State requirements. Additionally, during the code adoption process the City adopted more restrictive provisions by requiring construction in the city to comply with the Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone Construction Standards. This provision requires that all structures built in Agoura Hills meet the more restrictive sections of the code including the method and material used for construction (i.e. Roof, Deck, Patio, Eave materials, window types, etc.).

The City has agreement with the Los Angeles County Fire Department for all Fire Services including Fire Prevention. In addition to the fire suppression and LA County Fire Prevention reviews plans and inspects construction projects for brush clearance, fire sprinkler and access to and around the project site. The City of Agoura Hills staff and its consultants are also trained and ready to assist its community for a fast recovery from all natural disasters including but not limited to fire. Codes Sections specific to Agoura Hills which were modified to provide better protection against fire, include:

Section Title
2022 CBC Sec. 701A.1 Scope for Fire Severity Zone Wildland-Urab Interface (WUI) Construction Standards
2022 CBC Sec. 701A.3.1 Exception #5 – Roof Repair New, Additions, Alterations, Repair 2022 CBC Sec. 705A.2 Roof Covering
2022 CBC Sec. 903.2 Fire Sprinklers – Where Required
In addition, the City of Agoura Hills General Plan (2010) includes objectives, strategies, and policies related to wildfire mitigation. Specifically, Goal S-3 Protection from Fire Hazards.

Minimize risks to persons and property in Agoura Hills from urban and wildland fires.

Reference # Title Strategy and Policy
S-3.1 Coordination with the
Los Angeles County
Fire Department
Cooperate with the Los Angeles County Fire Department in periodically evaluating services and service criteria to ensure that the City continues to receive adequate fire protection and prevention services. (Imp CS-26)
S-3.2 Wildfire Mitigation Coordinate with the Los Angeles County Fire Department on appropriate wildland fire mitigation. (Imp CS-26)
S-3.3 New Development Continue to ensure that all new development incorporates current state, county, and City, fire safe building code requirements, as appropriate. (Imp CS-32)
373
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-20
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Reference # Title Strategy and Policy
S-3.4 Fire Protection
Systems
Require all new commercial and multiple-unit residential developments to install fire protection systems, as required by the state and City buildings and fire codes, and encourage the use of automatic sprinkler systems in existing structures. (Imp CS-32)
S-3.5 Funding Ensure that new developments pay a pro-rata share for increased fire protection as necessitated by that particular development. (Imp S-7, CS-26)
S-3.6 Fire Inspection Work with the County Fire Department to ensure an ongoing fire inspection program to reduce fire hazards associated with critical facilities, public assembly facilities, industrial buildings, and nonresidential buildings. (Imp CS-26)
S-3.7 SEMS Plan Incorporate and periodically review fire prevention and protection procedures in the City’s Standardized Emergency Management Systems (SEMS) Plan. (Imp S-2)
S-3.8 Fire Department
Review
Continue review by the Los Angeles County Fire Department of proposed structures and developments within the
community, as applicable, to assure adequacy of structural fire protection, access for firefighting, water supply, and
vegetation management. (Imp CS-26, CS-30)
S-3.9 Disaster
Communication
Improve disaster coordination and communication with other public agencies. (Imp S-19, CS-26, CS-27)
S-3.10 Emergency
Evacuation
Plan for emergency evacuation, including identifying
standards for evacuation, and maintain adequate departure paths especially in areas that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes (i.e., points of ingress and egress). (Imp S-20)
S-3.11 Emergency Access Ensure new development has adequate emergency access through sufficient road widths according to the Los Angeles County Fire Department standards, which are currently 26 feet wide for single-story structures and 28 feet wide for multistory structures, as well as adequate, visible street address signage to identify buildings. (Imp CS-30)
S-3.12 Fuel Load Work to minimize fuel loads, or the amount of material that can be burned, within the wildland/urban interface within the City to the extent feasible, in coordination with the County Fire Department and other relevant agencies. (Imp S-22) S-3.13 Public Education Limit risk of wildfire through public education and planning, including working with community groups, including at risk populations, and other agencies to present information and training about evacuation, wildfire prevention and awareness, and defensible space. (Imp S-23)
S-3.14 Siting of Critical
Facilities and
Infrastructure
Encourage the location and development of new essential public services, such as health care facilities, emergency shelters, fire stations, and infrastructure outside of the Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone, to the extent feasible. (Imp S-17)
374
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-21
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Reference # Title Strategy and Policy
S-3.15 Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan
Implement measures of the Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan relevant to the City, and work to ensure the Hazard Mitigation Plan is periodically updated. (Imp S-21)
S-3.16 Building Code Continue to update the City’s Building Code as necessary by incorporating structural hardening measures, such as fire rated roofing and fire resistant construction materials, and other measures to protect structures in a fire. (Imp S-24)
S-3.17 Communication
Systems
Continue to evaluate and update communications systems in the City to provide early warning and notification about wildfire threats. (Imp S-16)
S-3.18 Maintain Availability
of Fire Hazard Maps
Maintain collection of maps relating to fire hazards to help educate and assist builders and homeowners in mitigating against wildfire. Imp S-21, S-25)
S-3.19 Home Hardening Promote the use of home hardening techniques that increase a structure’s resistance to heat, flames, and embers through education and training. (Imp S-23)
S-3.20 Water Supply and
Fire Flow
Work cooperatively with the Las Virgenes Municipal Water District and the Los Angeles County Fire Department, as appropriate, to ensure adequate water supply and facilities, including fire flow, for fire-fighting to serve all areas and populations of the City. (Imp U-5, CS-26)
S-3.21 Site Specific Fire
Protection
Require applicants for new and re - development projects in the Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (VHFHSZ) to
prepare a project-specific fire protection plan as part of initial application submittal. The fire protection plan shall at a minimum identify site ingress/egress, evacuation routes, emergency vehicle access, visible home addressing and
signage, and fuel modification zones. (Imp S-26)
S-3.22 Existing NonConforming
Development
Work with owners of developed property that does not meet current fire safety standards for access, water supply and fire flow, signage and vegetation clearance in the VHFHSZ, and provide guidance on how to meet the standards. (Imp S-30, S23, CS-26) The City of Agoura hills has strategically placed fire-resistant Beacon Boxes around the city which display critical information for public safety personnel such as water resources, road networks, egress areas, safe refuge areas, and high burn risk areas. The locations within Agoura Hills include:
1) Liberty Canyon
2) Amistosa
3) Old Agoura Park
4) Foothill Dr.
5) Sumac Park
6) Willow Elementary
7) Grey Rock Rd.
8) Reyes Adobe Rd.
9) Reyes Adobe Park
10) City Hall

375
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-22
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
The City of Agoura Hills has acquired a communications vehicle which will serve as a mobile Emergency Operation Center, if needed, to allow the city to continue to communicate with other public safety partners during an event.

The City has implemented a Home Hardening Grant Program for eligible property owners to promote Home Hardening of properties. The City partnered with the Resource Conservation District of the Santa Monica Mountains to provide home ignition zone evaluations as part of the process. One time grant funds are provided as an incentive for residents to take action on the Post Home Ignition Zone Evaluation Report.

The City has also implemented & completed an emergency evacuation plan, in addition to updating its Emergency Operations Plan (EOP).
376
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-23
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Calabasas
The City of Calabasas 2030 General Plan, Safety Element includes specific policies to mitigate the threat of wildfires and other hazards. City of Calabasas Policies involving wildfire mitigation include:

Policy Description
VII-17 Actively collaborate with regional, state and federal fire agencies to coordinate and implement wildfire mitigation measures and fuel load modifications / reduction zones, including load clearing, prescribed burns, fire breaks, livestock grazing, and public and private road clearance and other mitigation activities for areas proximal to the city, particularly potential wildfire approach pathways identified as high risk areas located to the north and south of the city as identified in Figures 6 and 7 of Appendix D-1 Wildfire Assessment. Establish and maintain for the future, a cooperative management agreements with entities that have jurisdiction over lands located to the north and south of the city limits.

VII-18 Survey the conditions in the wildfire approach pathways located within city limits as identified in Figure 8 of Appendix D-1 Wildfire Assessment in collaboration with the Los Angeles County Fire Department to assess vegetation management actions that could reduce wildfire movement.

VII-19 Actively engage with the County of Los Angeles, Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy, and Resource Conservation District of the Santa Monica Mountains as part of wildfire planning and implementation initiatives for unincorporated county areas that impact the City of Calabasas, including in particular those related to the Los Angeles County Fire Department Strategic Plan and the Los Angeles County Countywide Community Wildfire Protection Plan.

VII-20 Prepare a Community Wildfire Protection Plan for the City Calabasas that aligns with Los Angeles County’s Countywide Community Wildfire Protection Plan by the next revision of the City of Calabasas Safety Element.

VII–21 Develop and maintain a GIS-based land inventory to identify fuel reduction status and points of contact to inform load reduction activities.

VII-22 Incorporate wildfire risk reduction measures, including healthy hillside management, load clearing, and brush management into plans, operations, and maintenance procedures for public access roads, parks, trails, open space, critical roads, and critical infrastructure.

VII–23 Conduct a City-wide survey of vegetation conditions in drainage corridors, hillsides, and similarly well-vegetated areas that could provide opportunities for wildfire to travel into built areas and specify recommended actions to reduce wildfire risks in these locations. VII24 Minimize risks to existing development by identifying existing non-conforming development that does not meet contemporary fire safe standards, in terms of road standards and vegetative hazard, and require all new development to meet or exceed California Code of Regulations, division 1.5, chapter 7, subchapter 2, articles 1-5 requirements (State Responsibility Area Fire Safe Regulations).

VII–25 Encourage existing businesses and residents to adopt drought tolerant and fire resistant landscaping practices.

VII-26 Support Los Angeles County’s Defensible Space Inspection Program that enforces defensible space standards of existing development in Calabasas by posting informational resources on the City’s website and distributing via social media platforms.

VII-27 Develop and disseminate education and outreach materials to homeowners, residents, businesses, and landlords regarding retrofits and hardening that align with recommendations from CAL FIRE’s Wildfire Home Retrofit Guide. Identify resources that can provide financial support for home retrofit and home hardening projects. 377
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-24
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Policy Description
VII-28 Develop and regularly update building and landscaping requirements and protocols that integrate CAL FIRE and Los Angeles County Fire Department regulations and procedures for retrofits and future development. Require ongoing maintenance and upkeep to be codified as part of building covenants or homeowner covenants, conditions and restrictions.

Update the Calabasas Municipal Code with incentives for home retrofits.

VII-30 Update landscaping requirements and guidelines regarding landscape design, species preferences, installation, and maintenance to reduce vulnerability to ember ignition, and wildfire impacts.

VII-31 Minimize wildfire risk by increasing resistance of structures to heat, flames, and embers.

Review current building code standards and other applicable statutes, regulations, requirements, and guidelines regarding construction, and specifically the use and maintenance of non-flammable materials (both residential and commercial) and consider adopting amendments to implement these higher standards.

VII-32 To reduce vulnerability of structures to ember ignition and wildfire impacts, review current building code standards and other appliable statutes, regulations, requirements, and guidelines regarding construction, and specifically the use and maintenance of nonflammable materials (both residential and commercial).

VII–33 Update the City’s development standards to be in conformance with title 14, California Code of Regulations, division 1.5, chapter 7, subchapter 2, articles 1-5 (commencing with section 1270) (State Responsibility Area Fire Safe Regulations) and title 14, California Code of Regulations, division 1.5, chapter 7, subchapter 3, article 3 (commencing with section 1299.01) (Fire Hazard Reduction Around Buildings and Structures Regulations).

VII–34 Discourage development where wildfire risk mitigation measures would significantly impact biological resources. Where development must be accommodated, implement fuel modification techniques that would not adversely affect significant biological resources, to the greatest extent feasible. Site structures to maximize low-flammability landscape features to buffer against wildfire spread encourage sensitive siting of structures.

VII-35 In lieu of more highly combustible and non-native tree species, encourage existing residents and new developments to plant native oaks in strategic locations and near existing oak woodlands to protect developments from wildfires, as well as to lessen fire risk associated with developments.

VII-36 Coordinate with local organizations, such as Emergency Preparedness in Calabasas: A Fire Safe Council (EPIC), to pursue and allocate grant funding to support wildfire risk reduction activities.

VII–37 Coordinate with Los Angeles County Fire Department to evaluate their the City’s capacity to adequately suppress wildfire, taking into account water supply availability and fire protection, including fire stations, fire engines and personnel, required for existing and newly developed areas, as part of the next Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan update.

VII-38 Coordinate with the Las Virgenes Municipal Water District to ensure the long term maintenance and integrity of water supply and water pressure for existing and future developed areas for firefighting purposes. Support the Las Virgenes Triunfo Joint Powers Authority’s proposed Pure Water Project in order to provide residents with a locally produced water source that can be relied on through disasters and hazard events.

VII–39 Permit new development only within areas that have adequate water resources available, to include water pressure, onsite water storage, or fire flows.

VII-40 Limit new development along steep slopes and amidst rugged terrain to limit rapid fire spread and increase accessibility for fire-fighting.
378
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-25
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Policy Description
VII-41 Whenever feasible, locate new essential public facilities, including health care facilities, emergency shelters, fire stations, emergency command centers, and emergency communications facilities, in areas of the City that are already developed rather than on properties adjacent to undeveloped lands.

In addition, the City of Calabasas Land Use and Development Code (2010) includes requirements intended to mitigate the threat of wildfire.
 Within the HM, RR, or RC zones, structures intended for human occupancy are to be located along a paved, all weather, accessible (to emergency personnel) road for the purpose of avoiding the need for firefighters to move equipment onto properties without adequate turnaround space. If a structure cannot feasibly be sited in this manner, the structure shall contain sprinklers as required by the city.  Prior to approval of a building permit for any new structure intended for human occupancy within areas subject to wildland fires, applicants should meet with the County Consolidated Fire Districts to determine the most fire-safe location for the structure. New structures intended for human occupancy within areas subject to wildland fires are generally to be located on the lowest portion of the site. In addition, adequate setbacks from the top of slopes which have natural vegetation shall
379
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-26
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Hidden Hills
The City of Hidden Hills has an extensive fire prevention program. The City reviews each new development to ensure that structures are adequately separated and that fire retardant materials are used in construction. In addition, the Hidden Hills Municipal Code requires that property owners maintain right-of-way improvements and public works in a clean, hazard-free condition to ensure safety.

The following City of Hidden Hills building codes are implemented as preventative measures for loss of life and property because of a fire hazard event.

Section Title
Section 1. Chapter 3 of Title 4 City of Hidden Hills Fire Code In addition, the Safety Element of Hidden Hill’s General Plan (1995) includes a focus on, “the reduction and/or prevention of injuries, loss of life, property damage, and economic and social disruption due to fires, floods, seismic activities, and other natural disasters.” The City of Hidden Hills Safety Element serves three key functions:
 Provide a framework by which safety considerations are introduced into the planning and development process;
 Identify and evaluate natural hazards; and
 Establish goals and policies which minimize potential adverse effects related to natural hazards
The City has also implemented an Emergency Evacuation Plan. The Emergency Evacuation Plan is an important aspect since there are limited means of ingress and egress to the community.

The City of Hidden Hills includes specific goals and policies related to natural hazards and wildfire:

Goal 2: Protect natural resources, life, and property from fire hazards in the City.

Policy Description

2.1 In all areas, maintain around and adjacent to all structures a cleared firebreak for a distance not less than 100 feet.

2.2 Permit future residential development only within areas of minimal slope.

2.3 Require minimum road standards in all new subdivisions in order that fire equipment will have access to all properties and that there is a safe means for people to evacuate fire areas. This shall include private drives over 100 feet in length.

2.4 Fire hydrants must be within 600 road feet of a given building site.

2.5 Establish and enforce minimum standards of fire protection for new developments.

2.6 Conduct a study on the adequacy of the City's water system for fire protection. 380
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-27
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Malibu
The City of Malibu Building Code includes wildfire mitigation standards for residential construction. Specifically, 17.40.040 Residential Development Standards requires:

1. Every residence shall have a roof constructed with roofing material in compliance with a rating as specified by Section 1603 (Fire Zone 4) of Title 26 (Los Angeles Building Code) of this code (see Chapter 15.04).
8c. Ridgetop development is particularly susceptible to wildfire hazard. In addition to the criteria to reduce visual impact, the planning director shall evaluate all ridgeline development on slopes of at least 3:1 to incorporate adequate setbacks to address potential fire hazard concerns.

In addition, the City of Malibu General Plan, Safety and Health Element identifies areas of high wildfire risk and includes goals and measures to mitigate the risk of wildfire.

5.3.1 S Goal 1: A Community that is Free from All Avoidable Risks to Safety, Health and Welfare from Natural and Man-Made Hazards
S Objective 1.1: Losses to Life and Property from Natural and Man-Made Hazards Greatly Reduced from Historic Levels.

Policy Description
S Policy 1.1.1 The City shall protect people and property from environmental hazards.

S Policy 1.1.2 The City shall minimize the risk of loss from fire.

Measures to implement wildfire mitigation in the City of Malibu are defined as follows:

Measure Description
S Implementation
Measure 1
Develop a master plan of fire prevention and control identifying hazards, assessing acceptable levels of cost and risk and determining protection programs.

S Implementation
Measure 2
Work with other agencies to ensure effective and efficient fire suppression, prevention and rescue services.

S Implementation
Measure 3
Encourage owners of swimming pools to obtain gasoline powered pumps to use in firefighting.

S Implementation
Measure 4
Establish programs and guidelines for fire-safe landscaping including buffers comprised of fire resistant vegetation between residential areas and open space areas and encourage use of fire-safe landscaping principles which emphasize plant species with low fuel volumes.

S Implementation
Measure 5
Work with the Los Angeles County Fire Department to adopt a program for controlled burning of combustible vegetation, based on the recommendations of the responsible forestry and fire-protection official.

S Implementation
Measure 6
Work with the Los Angeles County Fire Department to enforce code requirements for flammable brush clearance, and reduction of flammable vegetation, including both native plants and ornamental landscaping. 381
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-28
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Measure Description
S Implementation
Measure 7
Work with appropriate agencies to assure sufficient stored water and provide non-monetary incentives for on-site or area-wide shared storage water suitable for firefighting equal to one gallon for each square foot of structural floor area for all new development.

S Implementation
Measure 8
Work with the Los Angeles County Fire Department to establish standards for firefighting equipment access suitable for Malibu.

S Implementation
Measure 9
Create a major streets and routes plan which includes streets available as wildfire escape routes.

S Implementation
Measure 10 Require all new and remodel structures to have Class A fire-retardant roofing.

S Implementation
Measure 11
Develop guidelines and standards for all new and remodel structures to utilize fire-resistant building materials and designs, and, if feasible, to be sited to minimize fire hazards.

S Implementation
Measure 12
Provide South Coast Air Quality Management District regional wind patterns maps to homeowners, architects and contractors to help them plan development siting and design that minimizes fire hazards.

S Implementation
Measure 13
Work with the Los Angeles County Fire Department to provide on-site fire safety inspections of individual homes, when requested by resident or owner, and advise homeowners on ways to minimize fire hazards while maintaining slope stability and appropriate vegetation.

S Implementation
Measure 14 Encourage and support arson and neighborhood watch programs.

S Implementation
Measure 15 Require that all camping be in designated fire-safe camping areas.

S Implementation
Measure 16
Develop a permanent, ongoing homeowner watershed area management plan to reduce fire hazards while maintaining appropriate vegetation that will stabilize the watershed and control the flow of water from it. Application of such plan in Resource Protection Areas shall be subject to review and approval for compliance with resource protection requirements.

S Implementation
Measure 17
Work with water service providers to identify neighborhoods with inadequate flow from fire hydrants, and to upgrade deteriorated and undersized waterdistribution systems.

382
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-29
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
S OBJECTIVE 1.2: RISKS TO RESIDENTS AND BUSINESSES FROM DEVELOPMENT IN HAZARDOUS AREAS ARE MINIMIZED.

Measure Description
S Implementation
Measure 39
Develop and maintain a development geo-hazard database to incorporate findings from site specific and area hazard-related studies.

S Implementation
Measure 40
Adopt and update as appropriate maps of extreme fire danger areas, 100- year flood plains, landslide and debris flow danger, active and potentially active faults, tsunami, and any other hazard areas; and inform residents of those areas of risks and possible mitigation measures.

S Implementation
Measure 47
To protect slope stability, restrict grading or development related vegetation clearance where the slope exceeds 2:1, except as required for fire safety, driveways and utilities and where there is no reasonable alternative.

S Implementation
Measure 51
Evaluate proposed development for its impact on, and from, geologic hazards, flood and mud flow hazard, and fire hazard.

The City of Malibu has strategically placed 47 fire-resistant Beacon Boxes around the city which display critical information for public safety personnel such as water resources, road networks, egress areas, safe refuge areas, and high burn risk areas.

The City of Malibu has adopted a Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) aimed at reducing wildfire risks in the community. In includes measures such as vegetation management, firebreak creation, and community education.

The City of Malibu’s Fire Hazard Tree Removal program addresses the critical need to identify and remove hazardous trees that pose a significant risk during wildfires. This initiative focuses on proactive measures to safeguard lives and property.

The City of Malibu utilizes Everbridge for their disaster notification system which includes both landline and cell phone contacts.

The City’s three Fire Safety Liaisons are actively working with neighborhoods to achieve Firewise recognition and working to get the City included on the State’s Wildfire Risk Reduction Community List. In addition, the Liaisons are working on implementing the recommendations in the Subdivision Review Program. (https://bof.fire.ca.gov/projects-and-programs/subdivisionreview-program/) 383
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-30
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Westlake Village
The Building and Safety Division of the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works serves under contract as the City’s Building and Safety Department. Building and Safety is responsible for enforcing zoning restrictions and other regulations designed to reduce the threat of fire.

The City of Westlake Village General Plan (1993) contains specific goals, objectives, and policies to address fire hazards within the city.

Goal It shall be the goal of the City of Westlake Village to: Protect the community from fire hazards in order to reduce potential fire damage and the loss of life.

Policies &
Objectives
It shall be the objective of the City of Westlake Village to:

3. Reduce fire hazards in the community's built environment by incorporating sound fire prevention designs, materials and systems into new structures.

Policies
It shall be the policy of the City of Westlake Village to:

3.1. Continue to require that all structures and facilities in the City adhere to City, State and National regulatory standards such as the Uniform Building and Fire Codes and other applicable fire safety standards (I-1).

3.2. Prohibit the use of wood shingle/shake roofs and require the use of fire retardant non-wood roofing materials (I-7).

3.3. Encourage the installation of smoke detectors in existing residences built prior to January 1, 1986 (I-2).

Objective
It shall be the objective of the City of Westlake Village to:

4. Reduce the risk of property damage and human injury by incorporating fire safety designs into the planning of new developments.

Policies
It shall be the policy of the City of Westlake Village to:

4.1. Require adequate emergency access (i.e., two viable points of ingress and egress) for emergency vehicles and evacuation in the event of a fire (I-3).

4.2. Promote the clustering of development in hillside areas (I-4).

Objective
It shall be the objective of the City of Westlake Village to:

5. Ensure that the risk of damage and injury from brush fires is significantly reduced. 384
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-31
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Policies
It shall be the policy of the City of Westlake Village to:

5.1. Require that developments located in wildland interface areas incorporate and maintain a fuel modification program, (i.e., brush clearance and the planting of slow burning and fire retardant vegetation) to reduce the threat of wildfires (I-5).

5.2. Ensure that high fuel brush vegetation in wildland areas is cleared/maintained as required to reduce the risk of brush fires (I-6).

5.3. Require all brush clearance/maintenance zones be located on the site they are intended to protect (I-8).

385
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 7-32
Revision Date: 11/30/2023
MLC & Associates, Inc.
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
The City of Westlake Village Implementation Program includes:

I-1 Cooperate with the Los Angeles County Building and Safety Department as well as the Fire Department to ensure all applicable fire codes and standards are enforced.

I-2 Investigate the feasibility of providing a city rebate program for residents who purchase new smoke detectors for their homes where smoke detectors are absent.

I-3 Utilize the City's design review process to evaluate the fire safety aspects of proposed developments. Coordinate with the Los Angeles County Fire department to ensure adequate emergency access is being provided by all proposed developments.

I-4 Implement the Hillside Management Ordinance.

I-5 Coordinate with the Los Angeles County Fire Department to ensure that an adequate fuel modification program is actively being implemented and enforced.

I-6 In event of noncompliance, encourage the Los Angeles County Fire Department to enforce the required maintenance of high fuel areas, through notification and citation of violators.

I-7 Review and revise, as needed, current building codes pertaining to fire retardant roof materials and construction techniques.

I-8 Modify the hillside ordinance to require all brush clearance and maintenance zones be located on the site they are intended to protect.
386
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-1
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
SECTION 8. CLIMATE CHANGE

THE NATURE OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE THREAT
According to “California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment” developed by the State of California, continued climate change will have a severe impact on California. Increased temperatures, drought, wildfires, and sea level rise are several of the main concerns related to climate change in the Southwest.

Temperature Rise
By the year 2100, the average annual maximum daily temperature is expected to increase 2° to

9.7° Fahrenheit.9 This rise in temperature can result in power outages (from increased demands combined with limited supplies), drought, wildfires, sea level rise as well as agriculture and livestock losses. The National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) under the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tracks temperature trends. The map below depicts the Maximum Annual Temperature trends for the U.S.

Map 54: Average Annual Maximum Temperature Trends – June 1991 – 2020 (30 years) Source: NCEI NOAA (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/us-trends/tmax/jun) 9 NOAA (https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperatureprojections) 387
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-2
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Water and Drought
Despite the heavy snowpack created in 2022, by 2050, the water supply from the California snowpack is projected to decline by two-thirds. This will lead to water shortages of up to 16 percent in certain regions causing losses in agriculture as well as community water consumption restrictions.

Wildfire
By 2100, the frequency of severe wildfires is expected to increase, with a projected 77 percent rise in the average area burned statewide. In the areas that have the highest fire risk, wildfire insurance is estimated to see costs rise by 18 percent by 205510 (see Wildfire section for additional area specific information).

Sea Level Rise
The “California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment” predicts that 31 to 67 percent of Southern California beaches may completely erode by 2100 without large-scale human interventions. This will lead to $17.9 billion in losses to residential and commercial buildings statewide by 2050 from a projected 20 inches (50 cm) of sea level rise. Further, if a 100-year coastal flood were to occur, this cost would nearly double. For the City of Malibu, current projections estimate that the coastline risk of seal level rise ranges from Low to Moderate – though the loss of beach sand and higher waves can still have a significant impact on the area. The map below provides an example of areas subject to high tide flooding in Malibu. Note that multiple housing structures will be at risk along the entire Malibu coastline.

In addition, a rise in sea level could
impact Pacific Coast Highway, the
major transportation route through
the City of Malibu. As a result of
the overall threat of sea level rise
in the State of California, Caltrans
is currently conducting climate
vulnerability assessments to
address these and other impacts to
ultimately develop climate
adaptation strategies for each of its
12 districts across the state.

Additionally, the City of Malibu is
conducting a Coastal Vulnerability
Assessment to further understand the sea level rise risk and areas for potential mitigation (see Malibu Mitigation Activities section).
10 California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment
Source: NOAA Office for Coastal Management
Map 55: City of Malibu High Tide Flood Zones
388
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-3
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

CLIMATE CHANGE AND DROUGHT HISTORY
Temperature
Overall, temperatures in the South Coast
Region of California have fluctuated year-toyear but have shown a consistent increase since 2013. The table on the right provides a
summary of the annual average temperature
from 2000 to 2022.

Furthermore, the average temperature in the
South Coast Region rose 1 degree from 2000
to 2022 and in the summer of 2023, most of the
country experienced some of the highest
temperatures on record.

Year
Mean
Temperature
Degrees F
Historical
Average Departure
2022 70.7 69.1 1.5
2021 73.9 69.1 4.8
2020 69.4 69.1 0.3
2019 70.2 69.1 1.1
2018 70.2 69.1 1.1
2017 71.7 69.1 2.6
2016 72.6 69.1 3.5
2015 73.5 69.1 4.3
2014 70.8 69.1 1.6
2013 71.2 69.1 2.1
2012 68.5 69.1 -0.7
2011 65.8 69.1 -3.3
2010 68.1 69.1 -1
2009 66.5 69.1 -2.6
2008 70.1 69.1 0.9
2007 69.7 69.1 0.6
2006 72.4 69.1 3.2
2005 65.1 69.1 -4
2004 69.8 69.1 0.6
2003 70.5 69.1 1.4
2002 70.4 69.1 1.2
2001 70.6 69.1 1.4
2000 71.4 69.1 2.3
Table 139: Mean Temperature Observations and
Departures for the South Coast

Source: Western Regional Climate Center
Map 56: CNAP Mean Temperature Departures
from 1981-2010 Average
Source: The National Drought Mitigation Center,
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
389
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-4
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Figure 93: Time Series - Departures from 1991 – 2020 Computed Average(s) for 1-month periods ending in June Drought
California is chronically under
drought conditions. Although the
end of 2022 to early 2023 was a
major rainfall period, in general,
drought conditions are expected to
continue. Previously from 2021 to
2022, significant areas of
California were in Severe to
Exceptional Drought conditions.

Similarly, from 2014 through 2016
a large part of the state was under
Exceptional Drought status
(Source: National Drought
Mitigation Center, University of
Nebraska-Lincoln).

Figure 94: California Percent Area in U.S. Drought Monitor Categories

Map 57: U.S. Drought Monitor - Western States Status (Dec 2022) Source: Western Regional Climate Center
390
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-5
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
The table below provides a summary of the rainfall variations from 1980 to 2022 in Los Angeles County, California.

Year Precipitation
(inches)
Percent of
Average Year Precipitation (inches)
Percent of
Average
2022 7.19 45.50 2000 12.19 77.12
2021 7.02 44.41 1999 6.93 43.85
2020 12.11 76.60 1998 27.80 175.91
2019 22.97 145.38 1997 12.02 76.08
2018 10.24 64.78 1996 18.23 115.35
2017 12.57 79.55 1995 25.51 161.43
2016 11.78 74.52 1994 10.01 63.36
2015 7.55 47.80 1993 27.12 171.62
2014 9.56 60.47 1992 25.61 162.05
2013 4.75 30.07 1991 16.62 105.18
2012 9.23 58.39 1990 7.14 45.21
2011 12.02 76.06 1989 5.25 33.19
2010 25.18 159.32 1988 12.44 78.69
2009 9.99 63.21 1987 12.57 79.52
2008 14.59 92.32 1986 16.18 102.36
2007 6.37 40.29 1985 8.34 52.80
2006 13.23 83.69 1984 10.11 64.00
2005 27.40 173.39 1983 34.60 218.91
2004 18.43 116.64 1982 19.32 122.28
2003 14.62 92.50 1981 11.70 74.01
2002 7.49 47.37 1980 24.83 157.10
2001 17.12 108.34
Table 140: Precipitation Observation and Percents of Average for the South Coast Figure 95: Annual Precipitation in Los Angeles County
0 5
10 15
20 25
30 35
40 1980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022 Los Angeles County Annual Precipitation (Inches)
Source: Western Regional Climate Center
391
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-6
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Although the rainfall history shows significant variations between dry and extremely wet years, the overall rainfall trend has been moving downward over time which indicates a higher likelihood of drought in the future.

Extreme Weather Fluctuations (Heat and Cold)
Average temperatures in Los Angeles County have shown annual fluctuations between heat and cold with several extreme years showing larger variations than normal. For example, in 2014 the average temperature was over 3 degrees higher than the average and in 1998 the temperature was nearly 2 degrees lower than average. These temperature fluctuations can have a significant impact on the community due to changes in weather patterns, damage to plant life, loss of agriculture, and impact on wildlife. The following table illustrates the departure from normal readings from 1980 to 2022. Furthermore, the overall trend since 1980 has been a gradual temperature rise therefore periods of future high temperatures can be anticipated.

Year
Los Angeles
County
Temperature
(Degrees F)
Departure from
Normal Year
Los Angeles
County
Temperature
(Degrees F)
Departure from
Normal
2022 62.80 1.18 2000 61.82 0.20
2021 62.79 1.18 1999 61.00 -0.62
2020 62.38 0.76 1998 59.86 -1.76
2019 61.11 -0.51 1997 62.85 1.24
2018 63.49 1.88 1996 62.99 1.38
2017 63.88 2.27 1995 62.15 0.54
2016 63.63 2.01 1994 61.33 -0.28
2015 64.02 2.41 1993 61.34 -0.27
2014 64.70 3.08 1992 62.15 0.54
2013 62.51 0.89 1991 60.89 -0.73
2012 62.81 1.20 1990 61.68 0.07
2011 60.58 -1.03 1989 61.63 0.02
2010 60.63 -0.99 1988 61.40 -0.22
2009 62.07 0.46 1987 60.86 -0.76
2008 62.49 0.87 1986 61.84 0.22
2007 62.20 0.59 1985 61.02 -0.59
2006 61.89 0.28 1984 62.27 0.66
2005 61.30 -0.32 1983 61.03 -0.58
2004 61.75 0.13 1982 60.00 -1.62
2003 62.49 0.87 1981 62.68 1.06
2002 61.43 -0.18 1980 61.54 -0.07
2001 61.38 -0.23
Table 141: Los Angeles County Average Temperature 1980 - 2022 392
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-7
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Figure 96: Average Annual Temperature for Los Angeles County Sea Level Rise (SLR)
According to the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) May 2018 report, Indicators of Climate Change in California,11 sea levels along the California coast have generally risen over the past century (except along the far north coast where uplift of the land surface has occurred due to the movement of the Earth’s plates).

11 Milanes, et.al., Indicators of Climate Change in California, 2018 57 58
59 60
61 62
63 64
65 66
Los Angeles County Average Temperature (Degrees F)
Annual Mean Sea Level Trends
Figure 97: Annual Mean Sea Level Trends
393
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-8
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Measurements at La Jolla and San Francisco have climbed since 1990 from a standard elevation established by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as a reference point. Specifically, the mean sea level has increased by 180 millimeters (mm) or 7 inches since 1900 in San Francisco and approximately 150 mm or 6 inches since 1924 in La Jolla. Further, the 16 tide stations operated by NOAA in California shows an overall increase of 0.96 mm/year in the Los Angeles area coast from 1923 to 2016 (see table below) which equates to a total of 99.84 mm or approximately 4 inches.

Additionally, according to the “Indicators of Climate Change in California”12 report, since the mid-19th century, global mean sea levels have been rising at a higher rate than during the previous two millennia.
 The rate of increase between 1993 and 2010 was at 3.2 mm/year (approx. 0.1 inch/year)  The rate of increase between 1901 and 2010 was 1.7 mm/year (approx. 0.07 inch/year) The Threat of Sea Level Rise to California
In 2020, a report by the California Legislative Analyst’s Office (LAO) studied the effects of sea level rise in the state. The report entitled “The Threat of Sea Level Rise to California” cited the following major areas impacted by sea level rise:
 Public Infrastructure
 Private Property
 Vulnerable Communities
 Natural Resources
 Drinking and Agricultural Water Supplies
 Toxic Contamination
 Economic Disruption

12 Milanes, et.al., Indicators of Climate Change in California, 2018 Map 58: Sea Level Trends
394
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-9
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
The following sections are quoted from the study13:

Public Infrastructure
Damage to public infrastructure located along California’s coast represents one of the greatest threats from SLR, as these assets are key components of state and local systems of public health, transportation, and commerce. Examples of publicly owned infrastructure located along the coast include water treatment plants, roads and highways, railways, piers and marinas, and public recreational trails. Depending upon the specific location of these facilities, they could be impacted by both flooding from waves or rising groundwater levels, as well as damage from cliff erosion.

In addition, flooding from SLR threatens several important California ports and airports— including those in Long Beach, Los Angeles, San Diego, and Oakland that are managed by public special districts.

For example, a March 2020 study of SLR vulnerability in the San Francisco Bay Area found that four feet of higher water levels (either from SLR alone or in combination with periodic storm surges) would expose key transportation and commerce infrastructure in the region to flooding.

Locations identified as being at risk include: 59 miles of highways and bridges, 48 miles of freight rail lines, 20 miles of passenger rail lines, 11 acres of ferry terminals, 780 acres of seaports, and 4,670 acres of airports. Such flooding could render this important infrastructure unusable for extended periods of time or, in some cases, permanently and require costly repairs or modifications.

A different study conducted in 2018 estimated potential impacts from SLR on wastewater infrastructure along the coast. Researchers found that 15 wastewater treatment plants in California will be exposed to flooding with three feet of SLR, growing to 36 facilities with six feet of SLR. Facilities in the San Francisco Bay region are particularly vulnerable, accounting for 30 of those 36 statewide plants, with rising groundwater levels magnifying flood risk. The study also found that with just over three feet of SLR, 28 percent of the plants in the Bay Area region will experience flooding on at least one‑quarter of their surface areas. Flooding of such facilities could cause them to become inoperable for extended periods of time and create a risk of sewage leaks, posing serious threats to public health.

The erosion of coastal cliffs in California is already beginning to cause transportation disruptions.

For example, in winter 2019, a portion of railway tracks used to carry passengers between Los Angeles and San Diego had to be closed to repair damage from a bluff collapse near the City of Del Mar.

Private Property
In addition to publicly owned assets, private property is also threatened by the effects of SLR.

Specifically, both houses and businesses located along the coast face the threat of increased flooding, and those in cliff‑side locations face damage from eroding bluffs. 13 Petek Gabriel, California Legislative Analyst's Office, What Threat Does Sea-Level Rise Pose to California?, 2020 395
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-10
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
A 2015 economic assessment by the Risky Business Project estimated that if current global greenhouse gas emission trends continue, between $8 billion and $10 billion of existing property in California is likely to be underwater by 2050, with an additional $6 billion to $10 billion at risk during high tide. Moreover, a recent study by researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) estimated that by 2100, roughly six feet of SLR and recurring annual storms could impact over 480,000 California residents (based on 2010 census data) and $119 billion in property value (in 2010 dollars). When adding the potential impacts of a 100‑year storm a storm with a one‑in‑100 likelihood of occurring in a given year these estimates increase to 600,000 people and over $150 billion of property value.

Vulnerable Communities
While many coastal communities contain affluent neighborhoods, many of those communities include more vulnerable populations who also face the risk of more frequent flooding and damage from erosion. Those who will be affected include renters (who are less able to prepare their residences for flood events), individuals not proficient in English (who may not be able to access critical information about potential SLR impacts), residents with no vehicle (who may find it more difficult to evacuate), and residents with lower incomes (who have fewer resources upon which to rely to prepare for, respond to, and recover from flood events).

A 2009 study found that flooding from four and a half feet of rising seas combined with a 100‑year storm in California would affect 56,000 people who earn less than $30,000 annually, 45,000 renters, and 4,700 individuals who are linguistically isolated and less likely to understand flood warnings. Additionally, a recent report estimated that four feet of higher water levels would cause daily flooding for nearly 28,000 socially vulnerable residents in the San Francisco Bay Area region. (The researchers defined social vulnerability using a variety of indicators, including income, education level, English proficiency, age, disability status, housing status, citizenship status, and access to vehicles.)
Natural Resources
In addition to buildings and infrastructure, SLR also poses a threat to ecological resources across the state. Flooding has the potential to inundate coastal beaches, dunes, and wetlands. This threatens to impair or eliminate important habitats for fish, plants, marine mammals, and migratory birds. Higher sea levels will also cause salt water to encroach into thereby degrading coastal estuaries where fish and wildlife currently depend upon freshwater conditions. A 2018 report by the State Coastal Conservancy and The Nature Conservancy found that 55 percent of California’s existing coastal habitats are highly vulnerable to five feet of SLR, including 60 percent of the state’s iconic beaches, 58 percent of rocky intertidal habitat, 58 percent of marshes, and 55 percent of tidal flats. The researchers estimated that five feet of SLR would also drown 41,000 acres of public conservation lands and add stress to 39 species whose populations have already been classified as rare, threatened, or endangered.

Humans are also dependent on these coastal environments, both for the natural processes that they provide (such as filtering stormwater runoff to improve water quality and providing protection from flooding), as well as their recreational benefits. Millions of California residents visit the coast annually to fish, swim, surf, and enjoy nature, particularly along the one‑third of 396
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-11
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
the coastline owned by the State Park system. The state’s Safeguarding California Plan cites that for every foot of SLR, 50 feet to 100 feet of beach width could be lost. Moreover, a recent scientific study by USGS researchers predicted that under scenarios of three feet to six feet of SLR, up to two‑thirds of Southern California beaches may become completely eroded by 2100.

Drinking and Agricultural Water Supplies
SLR has the potential to impact the fresh water resources upon which Californians depend for drinking, bathing, and growing crops in two primary ways.

First, SLR may cause salty sea water to contaminate certain fresh groundwater supplies. Some coastal regions of the state are heavily dependent on drawing fresh water from underground aquifers to support their population and to grow crops. In some areas rising sea levels are likely to push saltwater up into these groundwater basins, thereby degrading key fresh water resources.

The degree of this risk is still unknown and being researched, and will vary across the state based on factors like local geology and hydrology. Additionally, SLR may exacerbate conditions for coastal fresh water aquifers that already are experiencing some degree of saltwater intrusion due primarily to their current pumping practices—including in the Pajaro and Salinas Valleys, the Oxnard Plain, and certain areas in Los Angeles and Orange Counties.

Second, SLR could impair one of the state’s key water conveyance systems. The State Water Project brings fresh water supplies to 27 million people and to irrigate 750,000 acres of farmland.

The system is highly dependent on the integrity of the levees in the Sacramento‑San Joaquin Delta to successfully move this water from the northern to the central and southern parts of the state.

Higher sea levels pushing into the Delta from the ocean through the San Francisco Bay, however, will place more pressure on those levees. Should the levees in the southern part of the Delta be damaged and breached by these higher water levels, it would cause salt water to flood further into the estuary. This could contaminate the fresh river water supplies that currently pass through the Delta into the State Water Project’s pumps and canals. Additionally, even if levees remain undamaged, SLR will on the natural bring salty tides further into the Delta estuary. This will require the state to direct greater flows of fresh river water to “push back” on those tides in order keep saltwater away from the conveyance pumps located at the southern end of the Delta. Research suggests that such conditions would therefore likely decrease the amount of freshwater supplies available for exporting via the State Water Project.

Toxic Contamination
Flooding and rising groundwater levels caused by SLR could also threaten public health by exposing coastal residents to toxic contamination. Specifically, in areas where underground sea water pushes the water table up towards or above the ground surface, water could also damage and intrude into underground sewer pipes and systems. This could lead to more prevalent incidents particularly during high tides and storms of raw sewage seeping into fresh groundwater aquifers or backing up into streets and homes. Additionally, water infiltrating upward may flow through hazardous contaminants currently buried in the soil and carry them toward the surface, thereby distributing pollutants into fresh groundwater supplies and surface soils, as well into stormwater runoff that flows through local streets and fields. Contaminated lands located along the coast and bay at risk of both surface and groundwater flooding include active and closed landfills, as well 397
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-12
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
as “brownfields” which are undergoing or require cleanup—such as federal Superfund sites, military cleanup sites, and California Department of Toxic Substances Control sites. Flooding from SLR could also lead to toxic contamination from facilities that generate and store hazardous materials, such as laboratories, manufacturing facilities, and gas stations. Floodwaters could penetrate both surface‑level and underground tanks and force out toxic liquids, or liberate waste from pits or piles.

Available research suggests the threat of SLR causing harmful contamination is significant. For example, research suggests that more than 330 facilities across California that contain hazardous materials and are being regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency are at risk of flooding with 1.4 meters (about five feet) of SLR combined with a 100‑year storm. Additionally, a study undertaken in Contra Costa County found that 28 brownfield sites within the county are at risk of flooding with two feet of SLR combined with a 100‑year flood, growing to 38 sites with six feet of SLR. (The study did not consider the potential compounding impacts of groundwater flooding.) These sites contain 68 different contaminants of concern, including various metals, corrosive materials, petroleum products, volatile organics, and pesticides. The study found that “these contaminants can potentially affect soil, sediments, sediment vapor, groundwater, or surface water.”
Economic Disruption
The potential impacts of SLR could have negative impacts on the economy and tax base—both locally and statewide if significant damage occurs to certain key coastal infrastructure and other assets. For example, according to California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment, the state’s ports were the destination for $350 billion in goods imported to the U.S. in 2016 by far the largest of any state. This economic activity would be disrupted by flooding of the docks, surrounding roadways, or adjacent railways through which goods are distributed. The productivity of the state’s workforce—and associated economic output would also be affected by SLR. For example, a recent study14 found that over 104,000 existing jobs in the San Francisco Bay Area including from some of the highly successful technology companies located along the Bay’s shore would need to relocate or be lost under a scenario of four feet of flooding in the region.

Moreover, the potential erosion of beaches associated with SLR would impact not only Californians’ access to and enjoyment of key public resources, but also beach‑dependent local economies. For example, research on the potential economic impacts of SLR specific to the San Diego region found that the tourism and recreation industries face the greatest vulnerabilities.

Overall, the study15 found that about three feet of SLR combined with a 100‑year storm would pose a threat to 830 business establishments in San Diego County, which could in turn affect 15,000 jobs, $2 billion in property sales, and $2 billion in regional gross domestic product. A scenario of six feet of SLR combined with a 100‑year storm increases the scope of this vulnerability to over 2,600 business establishments, which would affect 49,000 jobs, $8 billion in sales, and $6.1 billion of the county’s gross domestic product.
14 Adapting to Rising Tides, Summary of Regional Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Adaptation Study, March 2020 15 Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, Regional Economic Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise in San Diego County, March 2018
398
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-13
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Additionally, if property values fall considerably from the increased risk and frequency of coastal flooding, over time this will affect the annual revenues upon which local governments depend. To the degree local property tax revenues drop, this also could affect the state budget in some years because the California Constitution could require that losses in certain local property tax revenues used to support local schools be backfilled by the state’s General Fund.

Sea-Level Rise Threat to the City of Malibu
According to the City of Malibu General Plan, “Elevations within the City range from sea level to approximately 1,700 feet above sea level. Most of the developed areas along the coast lie below 100 feet with the exception of the Point Dume and Malibu Park areas which reach an elevation of 500 feet. The hillsides and coastal mesas such as Big Rock and Las Flores have elevations ranging from 300 to 400 feet above sea level.” As a consequence, the threat of sea level rise is a concern.

According to a 2016 report on the risk of sea-level rise prepared for the County of Los Angeles16, the City of Malibu is at risk of sea-level rise due to the close proximity of assets and infrastructure to the shoreline and the anticipated reduction of beach width (sand front) along the coast due to wave runup and inundation. Further, continued sea-level rise will leave the City of Malibu more vulnerable to future storm events. Finally, if the situation continues, the erosion and loss of beaches can have a significant economic impact to the City. However, the City of Malibu is conducting a Coastal Vulnerability Assessment to further understand the sea level rise risk and areas for potential mitigation (see Malibu Mitigation Activities section).

High Tide Flooding
As a result of the report cited above as well as other similar studies, the City of Malibu may expect an increase in erosion, coastal flooding, and damage to infrastructure as sea level rise continues.

The maps below provide an estimate of areas of Malibu that are susceptible to coastal flooding due to high tides.

Map 59: Malibu Coastal Flood Areas from a High Tide Flooding – Puerco Beach to Malibu Beach 16 Noble Consultants-G.E.C., Inc., Final Report Los Angeles County Public Beach Facilities Sea-Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment, 2016.
399
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-14
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Map 60: Coastal Flood Areas from High Tide Flooding - Malibu Beach and Malibu Lagoon Source: NOAA

Housing Units
400
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-15
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

ESTIMATED IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DROUGHT
The consequences to local populations and employment of climate change and/or drought is difficult to measure. However, it is anticipated that severe heat will cause power outages, cause health problems, reduce economic output, and lead to decreased worker productivity. The table below provides the estimated impact of a disaster using an overall 10% loss baseline.

Category Agoura
Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Malibu Westlake Village
Impact if a
10% Loss
Occurs
Population* 20,362 23,410 2,182 10,915 8,081 6,495
65 Years and Older* 3,164 3,873 326 3,149 2,103 1,262
Total City
Employment
11,100 11,800 4.5 6,483 3,700 3,309
Economy**
(in thousands)
$621,000 $1,011,348 N/A $578,443 $576,306 $278,710
Table 142: Estimated Population and Economic Loss of Climate Change and Drought *U.S. Census – American Community Survey 2021
**2017 U.S. Economic Census (in thousands)
The table below provides the estimated impact of sea level rise for the City of Malibu using an overall 1% loss baseline.

Category Malibu Impact if a 1% Loss
Occurs
Total Owner-Occupied Units 3,395 34
Average Home Value $2,000,000 More than $88.8M
Table 143: Estimated Owner-Occupied Home Losses Due to Sea Level Rise Based on a 10% loss projection, nearly 6,500 people could be impacted (either directly or indirectly) including over 1,200 people aged 65 years and older (high risk group) with potentially more than 3,300 jobs lost, either temporarily or permanently resulting in a negative economic impact of more than $278M.

Further, sea level rise can have a profound human and economic impact to the City of Malibu. If 1% of owner-occupied units were impacted, the loss would amount to 34 homes valued at more than $88 million (see individual city Community Profile sections for population, housing, and economic data).

401
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-16
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Risk of Future Climate Change
For the LVMCOG Region, the risk of future climate change events was estimated by the Working Group using the following weighted formula:

Risk = (0.45 x Probability) + (0.30 x Magnitude/Severity) + (0.15 x Warning Time) + (0.10 x Duration) Probability Magnitude / Severity Warning Time Duration
Level ID Value Level ID Value Level ID Value Level ID Value Unlikely 1 Negligible 1 Less than 6 hrs 4 Less than 6 hrs 1 Possibly 2 Limited 2 6 to 12 hrs 3 Less than 24 hrs 2
Likely 3 Critical 3 12 to 24 hrs 2 Less than one wk 3
Highly Likely 4 Catastrophic 4 More than 24 hrs 1 More than one wk 4 The result was a climate change risk rating of 7.25 (see Annex C Working Group HMP Risk Assessment Survey for additional details):

Hazard Probability Magnitude Warning
Time Duration Risk
Climate Change 9 6 3 9.5 7.25

402
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-17
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITIES
In terms of vulnerabilities, the main concerns involve the impact of:
 Excessive Heat leading to:
o Power outages
o Heat-related health issues
 Drought and Limited water supplies causing:
o Reduced water availability to the local community and residents o Livestock and domesticated animal losses (including pets, horses, etc.) o Damage to local natural habitats
 Sea Level Rise (City of Malibu)
 Wildfire (see Wildfire section)
See “The Threat of Sea Level Rise to California” section for additional vulnerabilities.

Climate Change Probabilities
According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), continued emissions of greenhouse gases will lead to further climate changes. Future changes are expected to include a warmer atmosphere, a warmer and more acidic ocean, higher sea levels, and larger changes in precipitation patterns. The extent of future climate change depends on what we do now to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The more emitted, the larger future changes will be.

Temperature Rise
California can expect an increase in temperature in the future. A recent presentation by the California Public Utilities Commission, Policy & Planning Division 17 stated that extreme heat days in some cities in California are likely triple by 2030. The graph below depicts the number of Extreme Heat days by year from 1950 through 2005 with predictions to 2099.

Source: Cal-adapt.org
17 Douglas, Kristin, California in 2050: Some Sizzling Predictions, California Public Utilities Commission, Policy & Planning Division, 2017
Figure 98: Number of Extreme Heat Days by Year
403
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-18
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
The Indicators of Climate Change in California, Fourth Edition (2022) report18 summarized trends in extreme heat conditions for the state. The report indicated that the number of daytime and nighttime heat waves increased from 1950 to 2021. For the cities within the LVMCOG the overall trend per decade shows a 0.6 F daytime temperature increase and a 0.7 F nighttime temperature increase.

Map 61: Magnitude and Frequency of Extreme Heat Events (trend per decade 1950 - 2021) An extreme heat event occurs between April and October when the temperature is at or above a location-specific historical temperature threshold, set at the 95th percentile of daily maximum for daytime extreme events. The rate of change (per decade) in frequency, the total number of extreme heat events each year, is the value in each shape (hexagon or oval); an asterisk indicates a statistically significant trend (p < 0.05). The rate of change (per decade) in magnitude, the annual sum of daily exceedances above the historical temperature threshold, in degrees Fahrenheit (°F), is presented using the fill colors (see legend); a hexagon denotes a trend that is statistically significant (p < 0.05), while an oval is not significant. The outlines on the map show the boundaries of the eleven climate regions, as defined by the Western Regional Climate Center.

Per the report, “Since 1950, nighttime extreme heat events have increased in magnitude and frequency more than daytime heat events. The maps show decadal trends in the magnitude and frequency of daytime and nighttime extreme heat events during the warm months between April and October at selected locations.”
18 California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), Indicators of Climate Change in California, Fourth Edition, 2022 404
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-19
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Drought
According to the Indicators of Climate Change in California, Fourth Edition (2022) report19, “California experiences high year-to-year variability in precipitation: some years are very wet, while others are very dry. Since the early 1980s, precipitation over the state has become more variable. The same is true across the state’s climate regions (see appendix; also He and Guatam, 2016). The past decade included the third wettest year on record (2017) and the second driest (2021). In 2017 California emerged from a severe and prolonged drought. From October 2018 to September 2019, California transitioned from a very dry fall into a very wet winter. The water year 2021 was the second driest on record, following 1924.” Figure 99: Statewide Annual Precipitation (1895-2021) - California “Precipitation totals are tracked by “water year,” from the beginning of the rainy season in October through the following September, the end of the dry season. This is more useful than a calendar year in California due to its typically dry summer and wet winter (“Mediterranean”) climate. On average, 75 percent of the state’s annual precipitation occurs from November through March, with 50 percent occurring from December through February.”
Long-term, the LVMCOG region can expect lower than historical precipitation in the future. The chart below provides a predictive model of accumulated rainfall for the area from 2046 to 2074.

Source: Cal-adapt.org

19 California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA), Indicators of Climate Change in California, Fourth Edition, 2022 Figure 100: Extended Drought Scenario (2051 - 2070)
405
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-20
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Sea Level Rise
In terms of Sea Level rise, Cal-Adapt reports that, “Global models indicate that California will see substantial sea level rise during this century, with the exact magnitude depending on such factors as, global emissions, rate at which oceans absorb heat, melting rates and movement of land-based ice sheets, and local coastal land subsidence or uplift.” As indicated in the Sea Level Rise Threat section above, Malibu Lagoon and the entire Malibu coast are susceptible to flooding.

For the City of Malibu, on September 11, 2017 the USGS provided a presentation to the Malibu City Council20 that provided an exposure analysis for the city. The analysis indicated the following impacts based on various Sea Level Rise (SLR) scenarios:

Condition (by 2100) Projected Impact
With 3 ft SLR  13.6 miles of roadway / bikeway will be impacted With 3 ft SLR + 100 yr storm  25.7 miles of roadway / bikeway impacted  1695 buildings impacted (mainly residential)
With 5.5 ft SLR + 100 yr storm  29.6 miles of roadway / bikeway impacted  1916 buildings impacted (mainly residential)
Table 144: Sea Level Rise Impacts for the City of Malibu (by 2100)

20 Hart, Juliette, Malibu City Council Presentation, Sea Level Rise: From Global to Local, 2017 Figure 101: Beach Change Projections
406
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-21
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION STRATEGIES
LVMCOG Mitigation Activities
Agoura Hills
The City of Agoura Hills has implemented several strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change and encourage environmental sustainability. For example, in 2020 the City conducted a public survey and workshop then developed a Climate Action Adaptation Plan to obtain input from community members and address the growing impact of climate change.

In addition, on May 13, 2015, the Agoura Hills City Council approved Resolution No. 15-1782 consenting to include properties within the incorporated area of Agoura Hills in the Los Angeles County Energy Program to finance renewable energy sources and energy and water efficiency improvements. The program provides property owners two County approved administrators for the Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) Financing Programs to assist with these improvements. In 2020, Los Angeles County ended the PACE Program however approved projects were to continue until completion.

Figure 102: City of Agoura Hills CAAP Program
407
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-22
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
The City of Agoura Hills Solid Waste
Management Department works to reduce waste
and encourage recycling. Key efforts include:
 Residential Recycling
 Commercial Recycling
 Electronic Waste Collection
 Organic Recycling
 Construction and Demolition Debris
Recycling
 Household Hazardous Waste and E-Waste
Disposal
 Illegal Dumping Reporting
 SHARPS Disposal
Further, the Agoura Hills General Plan Update
(2010) includes a discussion on the issue of Climate Change and the need for the City to adopt and promote sustainability efforts including the Green Building Program.

The General Plan excerpt:

A key theme of the City of Agoura Hills’ General Plan is sustainability. The General Plan, inherently through its goals and policies, takes steps to address the challenging issue of climate change by reducing Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, improving energy efficiency, reducing the urban heat island effect, recycling, and managing water use. The General Plan will reduce GHG emissions primarily through land use patterns that support public transit, increased opportunities for pedestrians, bicycle, and transit-use, and through requirements for “green building” practices and alternative energy systems. Policies also address adaptation to climate change, such as increasing flood protection.

The sources, impacts of, and solutions to climate changes are complex. Climate change and GHG emissions reduction are addressed throughout policies and programs of the General Plan rather than in a single section.

Appendix A, General Plan Policies Addressing Climate Change, includes a table that summarizes, by topic area, Agoura Hills General Plan policies that address climate change.

Appendix A General Plan Policies Addressing Global Climate Change includes the multiple policies and programs to meet the following objectives:

Mitigation Objective A: Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions  Strategy A-1: Reduce vehicle trips generated, gasoline consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions
 Strategy A-2: Reduce non-renewable electrical and natural gas/energy consumption and generation (energy efficiency
 Strategy A-3: Increase generation and use of renewable energy sources  Strategy A-4: Reduce water consumption
 Strategy A-5: Reduce solid waste and maximize reuse of solid waste  Strategy A-6: Promote carbon dioxide consuming landscaping  Strategy A-7: Maximize preservation of open spaces and natural areas Figure 103: City of Agoura Hills Solid Waste Management Web Page
408
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-23
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Adaptation Objective B: Adapting Current Strategies so that Climate Change is Integral to Planning Activities and Decisions
 Strategy B-1: Reduce risks from wildfire, flooding, and other hazards resulting from climate change
 Strategy B-2: Conserve and improve water supply due to shortages from climate change  Strategy B-3: Provide education and leadership in response to climate change actions Specific Climate Change Natural Resources programs and policies included in the General Plan, Strategy B-3 are listed under NR-10 Greenhouse Gas Reduction. Reduce emissions from all activities within the City boundaries to help mitigate the impact of climate change.  NR-10.1 Climate Change. Comply with all state requirements regarding climate change and greenhouse gas reduction and review the progress toward meeting the emission reductions targets. (Imp NR-25)
 NR-10.2 Regional Coordination. Ensure that that any plans prepared by the City, including the General Plan, are aligned with, and support any regional plans to help achieve reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. (Imp NR-26)
 NR-10.3 Outreach and Education. Partner with local agencies and organizations to coordinate outreach and education regarding the effects of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. (Imp NR-27)
The City’s Green Building Program, according to the City’s website, “is committed to providing a more livable, equitable, and economically vibrant community through the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and enhancing the community’s resilience towards vulnerabilities and risks posed by climate change”. This program includes other initiatives including installation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations and Solar Panel Installation Program.

Agoura Hills is a member of the Clean Power Alliance
(CPA), which enables the city to control the amount of
electricity generated from clean energy sources.

The City of Agoura hill is taking on additional initiatives to address climate change, including:
 Solar Project for the Agoura Hills Recreation & Event Center in the 2024 Calendar Year  Participation in the SCE Charge Ready Program in 2022-2023 which allowed the City to install 4 new EV Charging Stations (with 7 ports) available to the public 24/7  Public Works Department replacing all 120 fluorescent City Street Sign bulbs to LED bulbs  Plans to implement a new Polystyrene policy pertaining to the use of Styrofoam products, which was identified as a City Council Goal for the 2023 – 2024 Fiscal Year  Multiple Environmental Responsibility Subcommittee Meetings in October 2023 409
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-24
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Calabasas
The City of Calabasas has implemented an active Green City Program. According to the City’s website, “To ensure a viable future, the City of Calabasas is taking a leadership role and addressing the impacts placed on the environment by urbanization and a growing populace. These impacts include air and water pollution, climate change, and habitat loss. The City of Calabasas takes pride in its environmental stewardship and seeks to further its stewardship role by adopting a set of green building standards to help create high performance new and remodeled buildings that utilize efficient site and building design, sustainable construction practices, use of rapidly renewable, recovered or recycled
building materials, and use of
operational practices which have
less of an impact on the
environment than conventional
methods”.

Figure 104: City of Calabasas Green City Web Page
410
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-25
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
City of Calabasas is working with Los Angeles County to provide energy efficient retrofits to its residents. Los Angeles County invested approximately $11 million in federal grant funds to build a PACE program to serve the county's 88 cities and nearly 10 million residents. The program is designed to encourage private property owners to invest in energy efficiency retrofits and is key part of a broader home retrofit program for LA County.

Renewable Funding was selected to develop and administer the PACE program and worked in partnership with BKi, Build It Green, Energy Coalition and South Bay Environmental Service Centers. LA County’s initiative was developed at the request of the Board of Supervisors. The LA County PACE program was authorized under California’s AB 811, which enables municipalities to provide private property owners with the ability to finance energy efficiency and renewable energy improvements through a voluntary property tax assessment that is paid back over 20 years.

Note: in 2020, the Los Angeles County PACE program ended and no new contracts were approved, however existing contracts were managed to completion.

Other previous and current “Green” projects implemented by the City include:

Project Description
City of Calabasas
Civic Center
In July 2008, the City of Calabasas completed construction of a high performance, resource-friendly Civic Center consisting of a City Hall and Public Library. Both buildings were designed to meet a “Gold” standard from the United States Green Building Council’s (USGBC) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System for new construction.

Sustainable design features include the use of energy and water efficient HVAC and plumbing systems, recycled and locally manufactured materials, use of a “cool” energy star rated roof, drought tolerant landscaping, low flow irrigation system, use of recycled water for landscape, use of natural daylight, increased views, systems to monitor and provide healthy indoor air quality and much more. Both the City Hall and Public Library were awarded a LEED Gold Certification by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) on January 20, 2010.

Non-Residential
Green Building
Ordinance
On January 7, 2004, the City Council voted unanimously to approve an ordinance requiring all new non-residential development to achieve the equivalent of a “Certified” or “Silver” rating using the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) v.2.0 rating system. The Green Development Ordinance implements development standards that require new or significantly remodeled, buildings to be high performance environmentally friendly buildings.

Alternative Fuel
Vehicle Fleet
The City's vehicle fleet consists of automobiles, trucks and vans for City employees and includes public transit shuttles and old fashioned trolley cars to serve the general public.

Recognizing that standard gasoline using automobiles consume considerable energy and contribute significantly to air pollution, the City continues to build a vehicle fleet consisting of alternative fuel vehicles to improve fuel efficiency. Recently, the City added nine hybrid vehicles to the City's fleet for use by inspectors, saving gallons of gas from being consumed each year.
411
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-26
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Project Description
Mixed Use
Development
Ordinance
The Land Use Element of the General Plan states that a primary goal of the Land Use Element is to:
 “…provide a distribution of land uses that maintains, yet also enhances the environmental, social, physical, and economic well-being of Calabasas”. (General Plan, 2008, II-1)
 Additionally, the Community Design Element of the General Plan establishes that, in order for new development to conform to the character of its natural setting:
 “…new development should be accomplished through infill and revitalization of existing developed areas in order to conserve undeveloped areas” (General Plan, 2008, IX-8),
 Mixed Use development constructed on infill parcels, or on existing developed areas as part of a revitalization plan, will enable Calabasas to maintain and enhance its existing natural environment, as well as boosting the social, physical and economic well-being of the City. Mixed Use does so through efficient and sustainable land use design, which involves combining different land use categories (such as residential and commercial uses) into one development. This eliminates automobile trips between the different land uses, and promotes walkability and a pedestrian-oriented environment. Through more compact, higher-density design, mixed use development helps conserve land as open space, and thus supports the City’s key vision of protecting the natural environment of Calabasas which has attracted so many of the City’s residents to the area.
 Consequently, the City has adopted a Commercial Mixed Use zoning district, along with the General Plan identifying three different densities of mixed use land use districts, as follows:
o Mixed Use 0.60 – where the maximum Floor Area Ratio (FAR) is 60% o Mixed Use 0.95 – where the maximum Floor Area Ratio (FAR) is 95% o Mixed Use 1.0 – where the maximum Floor Area Ratio (FAR) is 100% Recycling
Program
With the passage of AB 939 (California Integrated Waste Management Act) in 1989, Calabasas has set up a number of recycling programs to ensure that it meets the State’s goal of a 50% diversion rate. These programs include curbside recycling, construction waste recycling, electronic waste recycling, and household hazardous waste round-ups.

In addition, City staff provides outreach and technical assistance to the public, businesses and schools, and has initiated innovative programs to maximize waste prevention and recycling, and partner with organizations with compatible goals. More recently, the Calabasas City Council adopted a resolution on January 16, 2007 setting a new diversion goal of 75% by 2012, making Calabasas only the second California city (after San Francisco) and the first city in Southern California to set such an ambitious goal for recycling.

Polystyrene Ban
In 2007, the Calabasas City Council adopted Ordinance 2007-233 banning retail food establishments, nonprofit food providers and City facilities from using food packaging materials made of expanded polystyrene, known popularly by the trademark name Styrofoam. The ordinance required food service establishments in Calabasas to start using environmentally acceptable packaging by March 31, 2008, and to report on-going compliance with the ordinance on the first business day of each calendar year. 412
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-27
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Project Description
Watershed
Management
The City’s Environmental Services Division oversees a variety of activities that help reduce or eliminate pollutants from storm water and urban runoff, and enhance the water quality of our local watersheds. These activities include stream restorations, water quality monitoring, capital improvements, public education and outreach, and regulatory activities.

Las Virgenes Creek Restoration
Between 2003 and 2008, the City actively engaged in the Las Virgenes Creek Restoration Project, a project that restored 440 linear feet of a concrete channelized streambed to a natural condition. The Las Virgenes Creek is a part of the Malibu Creek Watershed which provides habitat for numerous animal species including Southern Steelhead Trout, the Southwestern Pond Turtle, Arroyo Toad, Pacific Tree Frog, American Goldfinches, Song Sparrows, Coyotes, and Mountain Lions. The City of Calabasas has sought funding from numerous State and Federal agencies for the restoration effort. In 2003, the City Council approved a conceptual design with final construction completed in Spring of 2008. The project has successfully achieved the following goals:
 Enhanced Wildlife Habitat
 Public Outreach and Education
 Footpath and Trail Connection
 Enhanced Water Quality
 Increased aesthetics
Other Water Quality programs include:
 Water Quality Monitoring
 Water Quality Mitigation
 Urban Runoff Mitigation
 Watershed Regulation
City Events
City Events include:
 Household Hazardous Waste Collection Program
 Wildlife Restoration Days
 Earth Day Festival
 Arbor Day
The City’s website is used to provide the community with information on efforts that promote environmental sustainability and initiatives that support the City’s activities to fight climate change. The City’s Green City Program includes:
 Green Construction – Guidelines on sustainable design and construction options for homeowners
 Green Streets – Storm water management program information  Green Rebates and Incentives – Links for homeowner incentive programs  Helpful Links – Other links to green information websites

413
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-28
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Hidden Hills
The City of Hidden Hills implemented a “Green Streets” program that helps to combat the effects of climate change. The City incorporates “Best Management Practices” (BMP) to improve water quality, facilitate groundwater replenishment, create parks and wildlife habitats, and provide pedestrian and bicycle accessibility.

Green streets are defined as right-of-way areas that incorporate infiltration and/or biofiltration BMPs to collect, retain, or detain stormwater runoff as well as a design element that creates attractive streetscapes. Green street BMPs may include, but are not limited to, street trees, permeable pavement, bioretention areas, and vegetated swales. As part of the program the City’s policy is as follows:
 The City shall review new development redevelopment streets and roadway projects and CIPs conducted within the right-of-way that create or replace 10,000 square feet or more of impervious surface for opportunities to incorporate green street BMPs. This excludes routine maintenance or repair and linear utility projects.  The City shall consider opportunities to replenish groundwater, create attractive streetscapes, connect neighborhoods, create parks and wildlife habitats, and provide pedestrian and bicycle accessibility through new development and redevelopment streets and roadway projects and Capital Improvement Projects (CIPs).  The City’s review of CIPs shall result in a prioritized list of CIPs best suited for green street BMPs. Green street BMPs shall be implemented in high priority CIPs.  The City shall review and update the prioritized list annually.  The City shall evaluate effectiveness of green street BMPs.

The City of Hidden Hills promotes solar installations in accordance with California Assembly Bill 2188 which
amended the California Solar Rights Act, to require that every city create an expedited, streamlined permitting
process for small residential rooftop solar systems. The purpose of the law is to further State policy of promoting and encouraging the installation and use of solar energy systems by limiting obstacles to their use and minimizing the permitting costs of such systems. The City of Hidden Hills created a web page and forms to help the applicants with the permitting process for Small Residential
Rooftop Solar Systems.

Figure 105: City of Hidden Hills Solar Energy
Web Page
414
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-29
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Malibu
The City of Malibu promotes public awareness of the impact of climate change through “Earth Month”. For example, the City hosts an Earth Month Speaker Series which has included various topics such as the impact on the earth and climate change anxiety.

The City of Malibu has implemented several initiatives to reduce its carbon emissions and promote environmental sustainability. In addition, the City website provides the community with links and information on California Assembly Bill (AB) 32, the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 which requires a reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Examples of information links that the public is encouraged to investigate include:

The Clean Power Alliance enables residents and business to obtain the percentage of clean energy delivered: 36%, 50%, or 100%.

The Westside Energy Partnership is a collaboration between the City of Malibu, Southern California Edison, and SoCal Gas. The West Side Partnership encourages citizens to reduce energy use as a means to lowering utility bills and helping the environment. Examples include:

HERO Program - Finance projects for renewable energy, energy and water efficiency improvements, and electric vehicle charging infrastructure.

Summer Discount Plan – Earn up to $180 in credits on your energy bill with the Southern California Edison Summer Discount Plan.

There is no cost to enroll or participate in the program.

Time-of-Use Rates (TOU) - Southern California Edison’s TOU plans can assist with energy costs. Take advantage of lower rates during off-peak and super off-peak periods.

Medical Baseline Allowance – Southern California Edison and SoCalGas offer financial assistance for powered medical equipment.

Energy Star – Tool to find rebates and special offers available by zip code.

Energy Upgrade California - Learn the connection between saving water and saving energy.

Southern California Edison - Information about rebates, incentives, and savings tips.

Southern California Gas - Find out what home improvements are eligible for rebates.

415
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-30
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
The City of Malibu has an Environmental
Sustainability Department to manage its initiatives
to improve the environment. These programs also
support the City’s efforts to counter-act climate
change. The City of Malibu, Environmental
Sustainability Department maintains a Facebook
site to promote environmental sustainability and
provide the public with information on programs
that the City has implemented as well as ideas for
improving the environment.

The City of Malibu Planning Division oversees the
City’s land use which includes coastal
development. As part of this responsibility,
requirements that address the impact of climate
change and sea level rise are included in the City’s
Local Coastal Program (LCP). Examples include:
 All new development on the beach or
oceanfront bluff must be setback as far as
possible and elevated above the base Flood
Elevation.
 All new development that would require
shoreline armoring or hardening should be
prohibited.
 All applicants for new development on
beachfront or bluff-top property must
include an impact report and analysis that
addresses the effect of the development in
relation to a number of things including
future projections of sea level rise.

In 2019, the City of Malibu initiated a Coastal Vulnerability Assessment to obtain additional data on sea level rise. However due to the COVID-19 pandemic a delay occurred and the program was re-started in the spring of 2023 with a series of public workshops. Additionally, the City has partnered with The Bay Foundation and Los Angeles County Department of Beaches and Harbors, and the California State Coastal Conservancy on the Malibu Living Shoreline Project (start of implementation in the winter of 2020-2021). The aim of the project is to restore three acres of sandy beach and dune habitat at Zuma and Point Dume County Beaches, providing a cost-effective and low-impact solution to increase the resiliency of the beach shorelines.

In October and November of 2023, the City of Malibu held multiple Environmental Sustainability Subcommittee Special Meetings to discuss and address environmental and climate change efforts within the city.

Figure 106: City of Malibu Environmental Programs Web
Page
Figure 107: City of Malibu Environmental Sustainability Facebook Page
416
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-31
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Further, the City of Malibu regulates development activities along the coast in conjunction with the regulatory authority of the State of California. Other mitigation strategies in the future that may be undertaken by the State or County of Los Angeles may include beach sand replacement, sand dune maintenance, and shorefront protection strategies. These strategies were summarized in the 2016 report in the table, “Suggested Adaptive Management Strategy for Los Angeles County Public Beach Assets”5 as follows:

Additionally, in 2022, the City of Malibu held outreach events regarding climate change efforts, including the following events:

Table 145: Suggested Adaptive Management Strategy for Los Angeles County Public Beach Assets 417
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-32
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Westlake Village
The City of Westlake Village has
implemented several programs to
address the impact of climate change.

The City’s Sustainability website
provides residents with an easy to access
portal to these programs which prioritize
environmental stewardship as a means
to counteract the impact of climate
change. The City’s website provides the
community with information on the
program and actions that the public can
take to contribute to the effort.

The website includes information on conservation, rebates, and other environmental tips as well as environmental programs that the City participates in.

In September, October, and November 2023, the City of Westlake Village held an Environmental City Council Committee Meeting to discuss and address environmental and climate change efforts within the City.

Figure 108: City of Westlake Village Sustainability Web Page 418
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-33
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
As part of its Green efforts, the City provides information on:
 Trash & Recycling
 Zero-Emission Equipment Ordinance
 Clean Power Alliance
 Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
 Rebates & Incentives
Additionally, in June 2020, the City began emphasizing the need and benefits of renewable energy through its membership in the Clean Power Alliance. As part of this program, the City of Westlake Village chose “Lean Power” as the default option for the community. Lean Power provides 36% renewable content at the lowest possible cost and offers customers an overall 1-2% discount on their electric bill, as compared to what they would pay if they remained on SCE rates for energy supply. Residents were offered three rate options with various levels of environmental benefits and costs:

Lean Power
(Westlake Village’s Choice)
Clean Power 100% Green Power
Provides 36% renewable content at the
lowest possible cost - with the added
benefit of local management and
control. Our community has selected
Lean Power as our default option.

Provides 50% renewable
content and the opportunity
to support building a
cleaner future, all at cost
competitive rates.

Provides 100% renewable
content and gives you the
opportunity to be an
environmental champion -
leading the way to a greener
future.

On Earth Day 2019, the City of Westlake Village unveiled twenty-two electric vehicle charging stations (EVSE) that are available at publicly accessible locations around the City, some of which are open to the public 24 hours a day to further the City’s commitment to investing in clean air and sustainable practices. All of the City's stations are 'Level 2' with a maximum output current of

6.6kW. As one of the largest per-capita installations of any city around, six stations are located at the Westlake Village Civic Center and sixteen at the Westlake Village Community Park. These projects were completed in partnership and funding
provided by the City of Westlake Village, the
Mobile Source Air Pollution Reduction Review
Committee of the South Coast Air Quality
Management District, Southern California Edison’s
ChargeReady program, and ChargePoint Inc.

Further, the City promotes rebates and incentives to
residents for energy conservation and air quality
efforts.

In 2022, the City Council adopted an ordinance to
prohibit the use of gasoline powered leaf blowers in
Westlake Village starting January 1, 2023.

This prohibition applies Citywide to all Figure 110: City of Westlake Village Rebate and Incentive Programs
Figure 109: Westlake Village Green Rebate and
Incentive Programs
419
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-34
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
homeowners, gardeners, homeowners associations, and landscape maintenance companies.

Eligible landscape maintenance professionals can now obtain zero-emission landscape equipment at reduced or no cost through the Clean Off-Road Equipment Voucher Incentive Program (CORE).

A Business Outreach Day was held at the Westlake Village Civic Center on January 4, 2023. The American Green Zone Alliance and City
staff shared information on how
landscape maintenance companies could
receive up to 70% off of new electric
landscaping equipment. Equipment
demonstrations and Spanish translation
were provided. Additionally, virtual
community workshops were held via
Zoom on May 26, 2022, and June 28,
2022. An in-person workshop and
equipment demonstration was held on
September 7, 2022, at the Westlake
Village Civic Center.

The City of Westlake Village has an active trash and
recycling program which is promoted via the City
website. These efforts are designed to reduce the
impact waste and promote conservation efforts by
residents.

Finally, the City of Westlake Village also participates in environmental outreach efforts throughout the
Malibu Creek Watershed that include beach clean-ups,
Earth Day events, annual watershed tour, printed
materials, and television and radio broadcasts that
support Eco-friendly messages. Other City programs
include:
 Nearly all City vehicles are fuel efficient
hybrids or EV vehicles (one gas powered
truck).
 City streets are swept weekly to reduce unwanted materials entering our storm drains.  The City conducts weekly water quality monitoring tests to better protect our streams and creeks. Westlake Village tests have shown bacteria levels well below the state mandated levels.
 The City employs a synchronized traffic signal network thereby limiting emissions by minimizing congestion on major thoroughfares.
 The City has updated several in-house procedures to ban the use of polystyrene foam products at City Hall.

Figure 112: City of Westlake Village Trash &
Recycling Programs
Figure 111: City of Westlake Village Zero Emission Ordinance Timeline
420
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-35
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
The City of Westlake Village has equipped City Hall with an emergency generator. Additionally, the City contracts with a vendor to provide fuel. The City currently has a solar project that is intended to replace the diesel generator on site. Additionally, the City has multiple battery powered generators that could be used in case of emergency.  The City operates Westlake Village Transit which helps to deliver hundreds of kids to school and reduce traffic congestion in and around our neighborhood schools.  The City provides household hazardous waste and e-waste recycling curb-side pick-up.  The City’s annual street resurfacing project recycles and uses approximately 20,000 waste tires per year on average. That equates to about 2.2 tires per City resident.  The City’s traffic signals and safety lights use LED lights as a means of reducing energy costs.

Through an extensive recycling program, the City has diverted 62% of the City’s waste from the landfill, exceeding the state’s 50% waste diversion goal by 12%.

421
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 8-36
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
***This page intentionally left blank***
422
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 9-1
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
SECTION 9. ENERGY DISRUPTION

THE NATURE OF THE ENERGY THREAT
Energy is a critical dependency throughout the LVMCOG Region. Sources of energy include electric power, natural gas, oil and fuel supplies. The focus of this section is on electric power disruptions.

The electric power system of North America is comprised of four major sections: the Quebec Interconnection, Eastern Interconnection, Western Interconnection and the ERCOT Interconnection. California is part of the Western Interconnection. Within each Interconnection there are interdependent power generators and transmission lines. As such, a failure in any part of an Interconnection can cause a widespread disruption to all or a major section of the electrical grid.

Figure 113: NERC Interconnections
Energy disruptions have a major impact on the public, businesses, and critical infrastructure. Such disruptions result from natural or human-generated disasters or be a result of other issues such as spikes in demand during peak energy use, unanticipated power plant shutdowns, transmission system congestion, and equipment or system failures.

423
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 9-2
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

HISTORICAL RECORD OF POWER OUTAGES
Energy disruptions have a major impact on the public, businesses, and critical infrastructure.

Within Southern California and Los Angeles County (including the LVMCOG Region), there have been incidents of major power outages in the past. The table below lists examples of major and minor power failures in the area since 1996 to depict the variety of causes and impacts from natural events, technology failures, and man-made incidents.

Event Year Event Affected Areas Cause
2023
October 1 to
December 12
Public Safety
Power Shutoff
(PSPS) Events
Multiple counties in California were
subjected to PSPS from by Southern
California Edison (SCE)
Sustained strong dry winds
resulted in multiple PSPS
events to reduce the
potential for wildfires due to
downed power lines and
blown debris.
2014 Pasadena Power
Outage
Several thousand home and businesses in
Pasadena experienced a prolonged blackout.

Man-made: Mylar balloon
tangled in power lines.
2014 Los Angeles
County Blackouts
More than 50,000 homes were without
power in Los Angeles County.

Natural: Winter storms.
2013 Malibu Power
Outage
More than 3,000 customers along Pacific
Coast Highway lost power in a local outage.

Natural: Bird striking power
lines.
2013 Los Angeles
County Power
Outage
Power outage impacting more than 69,000
homes in Los Angeles County including
parts of Calabasas and Westlake Village.

Undetermined: Downed
power lines.
2011 Southwest
Blackout
California – San Diego, Orange, Riverside,
and Imperial Counties. Also affected states
in Northern Mexico, as well as counties in
Arizona.

Man-made: human error.
2011 Southern
California
Windstorm
More than 340,000 homes were without
power in Los Angeles County including the
San Gabriel Valley, Westchester, Highland
Park, South Los Angeles, and the San
Fernando Valley.

Natural: Downed trees
caused by high winds
brought down power lines
resulting in major power
outages in the region.
2005 Los Angeles
Blackout
The City of Los Angeles, West Los
Angeles, San Fernando Valley, Hollywood
Man-made: human error
2004 Rolling Blackouts Forced blackouts in local communities from Calabasas to Simi Valley.

Technology: Power
company equipment failure.
2000 – 2001 California
Electricity Crisis
The State of California Man-made: energy
shortages caused by market
manipulation, regulation and
deregulation, price caps,
supply and demand.
1996 Western North
American
Blackouts
Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho,
Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico,
Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah,
Washington and Wyoming, Alberta, British
Columbia, and Baja California Norte in
Mexico.

Man-made: trees too close
to power lines caused
systemic failures.

Table 146: Large Power Outages in Southern California
424
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 9-3
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Average Power Outage Duration, Frequency, and Duration
Southern California Edison (SCE) provides distributes electricity for the LVMCOG region. The SCE Annual Electric Reliability Report 2022 provides average power outage data for its service region.

Acronym Description
MED Major Event Day: A day in which the daily system SAIDI exceeds a threshold value. For purposes of calculating daily system SAIDI, any interruption that spans multiple calendar days is accrued to the day on which the interruption began. Statistically, days having a daily system SAIDI greater than a threshold value are days on which the energy delivery system experienced stresses beyond that normally expected (such as severe weather). Events are excluded based on the “2.5 beta method.” Per IEEE Standard 1366, days are excluded from a given year’s metric if their SAIDI exceeds 2.5 times the standard deviation of the natural logarithm of daily SAIDI over the previous five‐year period.

SAIDI
“What’s the total
time my power
service will be
unexpectedly
interrupted this
year?”
The System Average Interruption Duration Index is the amount of time on average a customer was without power in a year due to sustained interruptions (measured in minutes per customer).
sum of all “sustained” customer interruption durations
total number of customers served
SAIFI
“How many times
will my power
service be
unexpectedly
interrupted this
year?”
The System Average Interruption Frequency Index is the number of times an average customer was without power in a year due to service interruptions lasting more than 5 minutes (measured in interruptions per customer).
sum of total quantity of “sustained” customer interruption durations total number of customers served
MAIFI
“How many times
will my power
service be
momentarily
interrupted (≤5
minutes) this
year?”
The Momentary Average Interruption Frequency Index is the number of times an average customer was without power in a year due to service interruptions lasting 5 minutes or less (measured in interruptions per customer).
sum of total quantity of “momentary” customer interruptions total number of customers served
CAIDI
“How long will it
take to restore my
power after an
unexpected
interruption?”
The Customer Average Interruption Duration Index is the average time required to restore service for a sustained outage.

SAIDI
SAIFI
The table below summarizes SCE’s 2022 performance for unplanned outages including and excluding MEDs. The table also consists of a 10-year average performance for unplanned outages including and excluding MEDs for comparison.

Total System Indices
(All Interruptions Included)
Total System Indices
(Major Event Days Excluded)

YEAR SAIDI SAIFI MAIFI CAIDI SAIDI SAIFI MAIFI CAIDI
2022 131.13 1.08 1.42 121.45 101.03 0.96 1.23 104.83
10 Year Avg
(2013-2022) 143.09 1.02 1.45 139.67 94.70 0.88 1.29 107.20 Table 147: SCE 10-Year Average Performance for Unplanned Outages The 10 year average performance indicates that a customer may experience 1 sustained power outage lasting over 2.3 hours and nearly 1-1/2 momentary power outages per year. 425
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 9-4
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
During 2022, there were fewer PSPS events that required de-energization of one or more circuits than prior years and SAIDI and SAIFI impact was smaller than prior years. The table below contains the required SAIDI, SAIFI, MAIFI2 and CAIDI indices for 2013-2022 including and excluding MEDs for the SCE system unplanned outages. All calculations are based on the IEEE 1366 method for MEDs. Reliability indices are for unplanned outages only.

Total System Indices
(All Interruptions Included)
Total System Indices
(Major Event Days Excluded)

YEAR SAIDI SAIFI MAIFI CAIDI SAIDI SAIFI MAIFI CAIDI
2022 131.13 1.08 1.42 121.45 101.03 0.96 1.23 104.83
2021 179.79 1.11 1.57 161.70 103.82 0.96 1.43 108.10
2020 201.32 1.06 1.38 190.47 91.40 0.87 1.25 105.51
2019 177.97 1.04 1.38 171.17 90.75 0.87 1.23 104.75
2018 136.82 0.87 1.43 156.61 71.25 0.72 1.27 99.58
2017 139.73 1.19 1.84 117.19 91.72 0.87 1.42 105.40
2016 134.48 1.10 1.55 122.26 109.98 0.99 1.40 110.69
2015 114.83 0.92 1.42 125.40 100.15 0.86 1.29 116.56
2014 112.25 0.97 1.36 116.28 92.40 0.86 1.23 107.12
2013 102.61 0.91 1.20 112.76 94.49 0.88 1.18 107.85
Table 148: Unplanned Outage System Indices (2013-2022)

POWER OUTAGE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Electrical power is supplied to the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region by Southern California Edison (SCE). Power outages can occur whenever there is a severe disruption to power generation facilities or the electric distribution network (for instance during a severe storm, earthquake, or wildfire).

In addition, during certain extreme weather conditions, SCE and other electric system distribution utilities implement proactive de-energization known as Public Safety Power Shutoff (PSPS). A PSPS is an operational protocol that is implemented in order to minimize the threat of wildfires and keep communities safe from potentially dangerous situations.

In addition, human error is a potential risk. For example, on September 8, 2011 an Arizona Public Service (APS) employee is believed to have caused a major power outage that included Arizona and portions of Southern California including San Diego, Orange, and Imperial Counties. The outage impacted more than 5 million people. While the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region was not impacted, this event demonstrates the potential for widespread power disruptions.

426
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 9-5
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Furthermore, there is an ongoing risk of cyber-attack to the nation’s critical infrastructure. On August 14, 2003, the MSBLAST worm (Blaster) and SoBig worms were suspected of causing a massive blackout in the Northeastern Interconnect impacting 50 million customers from the midwest to the east coast.

CAUSES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ENERGY EVENTS
Energy threats can be categorized into five types of events:21  Natural disasters caused by nature (e.g., floods, wind, earthquakes)  Extreme weather conditions causing damage to electrical distribution systems or forcing implementation of PSPS
 Accidental events caused by technological failure (e.g., pipeline rupture, chemical spills, nuclear system failure)
 Systemic threats caused by the physical inability of the energy delivery system (generation and distribution) to meet demand
 Deliberate attacks caused by people – (e.g. terrorists, criminals, hackers, delinquents, employees)
Natural Disasters
Natural hazard events have the potential to cause disruptions in the energy supply. In the Lancaster area, the following types of events can cause outages or other energy events:
 Drought
 Earthquakes
 Flooding
 Severe storms
 Subsidence
 Wildfires
 Windstorms
Public Safety Power Shutoffs
During extreme weather conditions such as sustained strong dry winds can result in Public Safety Power Shutoffs (PSPS) to reduce the potential for wildfires due to downed power lines and blown debris. For example, in December 2017, arcing SCE power lines during high winds caused the Thomas Fire which resulted in 440 square miles burned. Per an investigation by the Ventura Fire Department, the arc, “deposited hot, burning or molten material onto the ground, in a receptive fuel bed, causing the fire”.22
21 The National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO) State Energy Assurance Guidelines 22 Weber, Christopher, "Report: Power lines sparked massive Southern California fire". AP NEWS. March 14, 2019 427
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 9-6
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Accidental Events
Accidental events that cause energy disruptions can be due to technological failure, hazardous materials releases, pipeline rupture, nuclear system failure, accidental actions or inaction.

Accidents can be a localized event such as a car crashing into a power pole or a local transformer incident or can be more widespread such as the Southwest Blackout of 2011 that was caused by an employee making repairs at an electrical substation. As the energy infrastructure ages, there is the possibility of equipment failure that can cause intermittent power or pipeline failures.

Systemic Threats
Systemic threats affect the entire energy distribution and production network, including production plants and distribution infrastructure. Systemic events occur when energy delivery systems are physically unable to meet demand. Examples of systemic threats include insufficient power generation capabilities during peak demand such as such as during a prolonged heat wave.

Deliberate Attacks
Deliberate attacks are intentional, malicious acts caused by people that are aimed at personnel, equipment, infrastructure, or computer systems (cyber-attacks). Many power plants and other infrastructure are remotely controlled by supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. SCADA systems are vulnerable to attack by hackers who can access the system and perform acts of sabotage against a target, and an attack against SCADA can shut down an energy provider’s operations. A deliberate attack such as a Denial of Service attack can slow or shut down a provider’s Web site and make it difficult for customers to access personal or billing information.

In addition, physical attacks can target distribution points, transmission lines, and pipelines.

POWER OUTAGE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
A large power outage in the LVMCOG Region that happens during the hottest part of summer or the coldest part of winter will likely result in injury and in extreme cases fatalities. An outage at any time will disrupt roads, highways, lifelines, public services, and the general health of local populations. The examples listed below provide brief descriptions of the types of impacts that can be anticipated.

Injuries
There is a potential for injuries both at home and on the roads during a power outage. During an outage, traffic signals will no longer function, creating the potential for automobile and pedestrian accidents. If the outage occurs at night, streetlights will not work, increasing the probability of accidents and corresponding injuries. Emergency responders will have difficulty navigating traffic if the outage causes traffic issues on city streets, and police will probably be used to manage traffic at high-volume intersections, reducing their ability to respond to accident sites. Finally, injuries and fatalities can result from inappropriate use of household generators during power outages.

Transportation Infrastructure
Residents in the LVMCOG area commute frequently by automobiles and public transportation. A power outage will affect the usability of roads, railways, highways, and freeways. Street signals and streetlights will not work causing traffic jams and increase the possibility of accidents. 428
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 9-7
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Lifelines
Many lifelines are dependent on power, including water pumping stations, food distribution, telecommunications systems, some natural gas and fuel pipelines, and sewage systems. A power outage will prevent these systems from running normally as they are reliant on electricity for operations. A disruption to lifelines will impede the ability to distribute important information to the public, as well as endanger public health and safety. Examples include:
 Water pumping stations, wells, and sewage treatment plants are dependent on electrical power. While the pumping stations have backup generators in case of power outages, an extended outage may affect the ability of these stations to provide or preserve the safety of water.
 Perishable foods are dependent on refrigeration and electrical power. Without electricity, these foods expire relatively quickly, leading to the potential of foodborne illness.  The telecommunications infrastructure is comprised in part of hard-wired telephone and cable systems (including Internet Service Providers), microwave transmission stations, cellular telephone systems, and radio systems. Industries dependent on the telecommunications sector include oil and gas, electric power, transportation, emergency services, government services, water, and banking and finance. Most telecommunications providers have backup power plans and agreements to procure the fuel needed to run during a power outage, although an extended outage may impede the ability of telecommunications providers to continue to deliver service to the dependent industries.  Some gas and fuel pipelines may be dependent on electricity at pumping and filtering stations. Utility offices and command centers may be reliant on natural gas or other fuels to maintain continuity of operations.

Services
Public facilities are electricity dependent and will be disrupted during a power outage. An extended outage will affect the ability of some organizations to continue to provide public services as well as affect the ability of residents to function normally. Examples include:
 Most hospitals have backup generators to get through short power outages and plans to get through longer outages and battery systems to keep critical equipment functioning.

Nevertheless, generators have been known to fail during power outages. In the case of generator failures, hospitals may have to move patients to other facilities and postpone scheduled non-emergency services.
 Emergency call centers are dependent on electricity to run and to dispatch emergency services. During a power outage they may be able to sustain operations for a period of time utilizing power generators, however if the situation persists over several days, generators will run out of fuel and the rate of equipment failure will likely increase.  A power outage may cause pump failures that result in a loss of water pressure in some areas, hampering firefighting efforts.
 ATMs and banks rely on electricity to provide money and services. Credit card and Point of Sale systems rely on electricity to process transactions. Without access to banks and ATMs, cash may be in short supply during a power outage, and many stores will only be able to accept cash transactions. Some stores will not be able function as cash registers, 429
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 9-8
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
inventory systems, and electronic entry doors are dependent on electricity.  Gas stations rely on electricity to power gas pumps and payment processing devices; therefore, many gas stations will be inoperable during a power outage.  Government services that rely on banking, transportation, or communications, such as electronic checks, may be delayed during an outage.

Personal Safety
There will be risks to personal safety during a prolonged power outage. A prolonged outage will compromise medications that require refrigeration (such as insulin and diabetes medications) and prevent home medical equipment from operating. Further, closed pharmacies mean a lack of access to prescription refills. Stress caused by power outages may exacerbate existing medical conditions such as respiratory disease, asthma and cardiovascular conditions. Power outages may stress people trapped in elevators, subways, mines, or other enclosed or isolated spaces.23 Home accidents such as food and carbon monoxide poisoning increase, and heat related illness such as hyperthermia or hypothermia is a concern depending on the location and date of the outage and weather conditions.24 Additionally, a loss of Internet access will have a widespread impact including ISP supported communications, navigation systems, and access to public information.

Economy
The direct economic impacts due to power outages include lost business output and productivity, property damage, business and government overtime costs, increased waste, and commodities losses caused by a lack of refrigeration. Indirect impacts include diversion of capital investments into blackout protection systems.25
Furthermore, manufacturing companies may suffer heavy losses from a power outage, caused by production line disruptions, equipment failure, and increased accidents. Companies outside of the manufacturing sector will likely suffer minimal physical loss in a power outage, but can suffer significant customer and revenue loss. Small businesses are especially vulnerable as they generally have fewer resources and are less likely to have prepared or planned for such an event.

For example, the estimated permanent economic losses from the thirteen-hour Southwest Blackout in September 2011 resulted in losses between $97 million to $118 million dollars.26 23 G. Brooke Anderson and Michelle L. Bell, Lights out: "Impact of the August 2003 power outage on mortality in New York, NY", Epidemiology. 2012 March; 23(2): 189–193.
24 Broder J, Mehrotra A, Tintinalli J., "Injuries from the 2002 North Carolina ice storm, and strategies for prevention", Injury. 2005 Jan 36(1):21-

6. 25 Electricity Consumers Research Council, "The Economic Impacts of the August 2003 Blackout" 26 National University System Institute for Policy Research, "Economic impact of September 9th Power Outage" 430
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 9-9
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Estimated Impact of an Event
If an energy disruption were to occur, the consequences to local populations could be significant.

The table below provides the estimated impact of a disaster using a 10% loss baseline.

Category Agoura
Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Malibu Westlake Village
Impact if a 10%
Loss Occurs
Population 20,362 23,410 2,182 10,915 8,081 6,495
Total OwnerOccupied Units 5,861 6,010 603 3,395 2,492 1,836 Total City
Employment
11,100 11,800 4.5 6,483 3,700 6,618
Economy*
(in thousands)
$621,000 $1,011,348 N/A $578,443 $576,306 $557,419
Table 149: Estimated Population and Economic Loss of a Power Disruption Source U.S. Census Bureau 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate *2017 U.S. Economic Census (in thousands)
Based on a 10% loss projection, nearly 6,500 people would be impacted, and more than 6,600 jobs could be disrupted causing over $557M in economic losses. Also, more than 1,800 homes could experience an energy loss (see Community Profile section for population, housing, and economic data).

Risk of Future Energy Disruption
For the LVMCOG Region, the risk of future climate change events was estimated by the Working Group using the following weighted formula:

Risk = (0.45 x Probability) + (0.30 x Magnitude/Severity) + (0.15 x Warning Time) + (0.10 x Duration) Probability Magnitude / Severity Warning Time Duration
Level ID Value Level ID Value Level ID Value Level ID Value Unlikely 1 Negligible 1 Less than 6 hrs 4 Less than 6 hrs 1 Possibly 2 Limited 2 6 to 12 hrs 3 Less than 24 hrs 2
Likely 3 Critical 3 12 to 24 hrs 2 Less than one wk 3
Highly Likely 4 Catastrophic 4 More than 24 hrs 1 More than one wk 4 The result was a climate change risk rating of 8.20 (see Annex C Working Group HMP Risk Assessment Survey for additional details):

Hazard Probability Magnitude Warning
Time Duration Risk
Energy
Disruption 5.67 15 3.33 6.5 8.20

431
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 9-10
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

POWER OUTAGE VULNERABILITIES
The major concern regarding the impact on communities from power outage events is the failure of critical infrastructure and the danger to public health. Critical infrastructure failures may require days or weeks to repair. In addition, the impact to business and industry can result in immediate and long term economic loss.

Critical Infrastructure
Critical infrastructure can fail during a power outage, especially if the event lasts longer than a few days. Outages will affect water and sewer systems, pipelines, transportation networks, emergency facilities, telecommunications systems, hospitals, and other essential sites. Power outages that last a few hours may only be an inconvenience as most critical infrastructure component have generators or backup power capabilities, but prolonged outages will affect the usability of generators and depend heavily on access to fuel sources. Finally, the failure of services such as the sewage system may pose a hazard to the health of the local community.

Many infrastructure components are dependent on each other. For example, pipelines depend on electricity, and while fuel can be used to run generators, once existing fuel supplies are depleted, it is difficult to procure new supplies without electricity. If gasoline is unavailable, transportation systems become unreliable. As a result, these “infrastructure interdependencies” can create larger issues the longer a power outage lasts.

Business and Industry
Power outages impact businesses by causing shutdowns during the course of the event. Damage to physical property, interruptions in the supply chain, damage to refrigerated or heated goods that rely on electricity to maintain a certain temperature, and losses to goods on production lines that must be shut down at the time of the event are expected during a power outage. Further, some computer-based businesses will not be able to function without access to power, cooling systems, and the Internet.

Figure 114: Infrastructure Interdependencies
Source: FCC Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau
432
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 9-11
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Public Health and Safety
A Yale University study of the August 2003 blackout that affected the Northeast and Midwest regions of the United States and parts of Canada showed an increase in accidents and illness that lead to an increased number of deaths during the event.27 A study by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene for the same event showed an increase in foodborne related illness as a direct result of the outage.28 Injuries due to slips and falls and heat related illness or hyperthermia are commonly reported during power outages. Hospitals may fill as people will not be able to utilize home-based medical equipment or procure prescription medications.

ENERGY DISRUPTION MITIGATION STRATEGIES
Southern California Edison (SCE) provides power to all cities within the LVMCOG Region and is responsible for managing the power supply. Consequently, the LVMCOG cities have no jurisdiction over SCE or its operations.

To mitigate the threat of power outages, SCE has an emergency preparedness program in place to address pre- and post-disaster planning needs. Additionally, they have included in their plans the need to communicate with the public during an outage. SCE also continually assesses the vulnerability of their system to hazards and takes steps to mitigate the risk. This includes contingency plans for shutting down parts of the electric distribution network in high risk wildfire conditions such as during periods of extreme wind.

SCE conducts regular briefings to each of the LVMCOG cities to provide updates on their mitigation efforts. For example, SCE has provided the LVMCOG multiple presentations on Wildfire Mitigation, Safety, and Grid Resiliency. During these presentations, SCE outlines the major threats to the electric system and the ongoing risk of wildfire, steps being taken to harden the system against these threats, mitigation and monitoring efforts, and the steps taken if a public safety power shutoff is implemented. For example, during high wildfire risk periods, SCE may de-energize the system to prevent wildfires ignited by the electric power transmission system (see Wildfire section for related details). In such cases, SCE has stated that it will provide notifications starting 48 hours prior to a potential power shutoff to:
 First responders
 Local governments
 Water & Communication Service Providers
 Critical Care and Medical Providers
 Customers
The cities within the LVMCOG are investigating the implications of such actions and the potential impacts to their communities. In addition, LVMCOG cities have implemented building codes, zoning ordinances, and growth and development plans to help mitigate future energy disruptions:
 Building codes can be used to ensure that minimum required construction standards are met to safeguard public health and safety and can also increase a community's ability to handle electrical outages by requiring that facilities are adequately prepared for power 27 Lights out: Impact of the August 2003 power outage on mortality in New York, NY 28 New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, "Diarrheal illness detected through syndromic surveillance after a massive power outage: New York City, August 2003"
433
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 9-12
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
disruptions. For example, commercial and industrial buildings may be required to have emergency power systems to operate fire control systems and alarms and sites with elevators may be required to have backup power.
 Zoning ordinances can specify the type of land use that is acceptable in various locations in a community, and thus affect the electric power requirements of an area as areas zoned "residential" will have a different electricity profile than areas zoned "commercial" or "industrial".
 Growth and Development plans are developed by each city. Southern California Edison (SCE) develops future long-term demand projections as a starting point for planning the expansion of electric power generation, transmission, and distribution facilities.

Finally, several cities within the LVMCOG have installed and maintain emergency power generation for designated critical sites.

Agoura Hills
The City of Agoura Hills has installed and maintains an emergency generator at City Hall. In addition, a second critical site has been equipped with generator capabilities.

Calabasas
The City of Calabasas maintains an emergency generator at City Hall and is in the process of investigating options and funding for upgrading the system to ensure adequate power supplies during emergencies. These options include additional fixed generators and portable generators.

Hidden Hills
The City of Hidden Hills has equipped City Hall and the Community Center with emergency generators. Further, the City is in the process of purchasing a portable generator for additional resiliency. Additionally, the Las Virgenes Municipal Water District (LVMWD) is in the process of constructing a permanent generator in the Hidden Hills pump station to replace the need for portable generators which will help ensure ongoing water supplies in the event of a power outage.

Also, Spectrum provides Internet access within the City of Hidden Hills and has upgraded their battery backup system to enable 72 hours of operation at each node in Hidden Hills which will allow for extended Internet access if a power failure occurs. Finally, the City of Hidden Hills upgraded its radio communications tower and facility to allow for solar power, backup battery power, and portable generator power via a quick connect system.

Malibu
The City of Malibu maintains an emergency generator at City Hall and has distributed small personal generators to residents as part of a Senior Preparedness Program (CDBG Grant funded).

Further, the City has taken additional steps to provide communications in the event of a power disruption including:
 Satellite communications between City Hall and CERT members  A plan to distribute incident information at strategically located Information Stations 434
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 9-13
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
within the City
 Setup of Information Stations to provide community members with access to limited satellite Internet access
Westlake Village
The City of Westlake Village has equipped City Hall with an emergency generator. Additionally, the City contracts with a vendor to provide fuel. The City currently has a solar project that is intended to replace the diesel generator on site. Additionally, the City has multiple battery powered generators that could be used in case of emergency.

435
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 9-14
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
***This page intentionally left blank***
436
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-1
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
SECTION 10. LANDSLIDE, DEBRIS FLOWS, AND MUDFLOWS

THE NATURE OF THE LANDSLIDE, DEBRIS FLOW, AND MUDFLOW THREAT Landslides are defined as, the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth (mud) flow down a slope. Landslides are a type of “mass wasting” which denotes any down slope movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity (FEMA). Landslides can be initiated by rainfall, earthquakes, changes in groundwater, disturbance and change of a slope by man-made construction activities, or any combination of these factors. Underwater landslides can also occur causing tidal waves and damage to coastal areas. Debris flows are fast-moving landslides that are particularly dangerous to life and property because they move quickly, destroy objects in their paths, and often strike without warning. Debris flows generally occur during periods of intense rainfall or rapid snowmelt and usually start on hillsides or mountains. Debris flows can travel at speeds up to and exceeding 35 mph and can carry large items such as boulders, trees, and cars (USGS). A mudflow is defined as, “A river of liquid and flowing mud on the surface of normally dry land areas, as when earth is carried by a current of water. Other earth movements, such as landslide, slope failure, or a saturated soil mass moving by liquidity down a slope, are not mudflows” (FEMA).

The size of a landslide or debris flow normally depends on the geology and the initial cause of the event. Landslides and debris flows vary greatly in their volume of rock and soil, the length, width, and depth of the area affected, frequency of occurrence, and speed of movement. Some characteristics that determine the type of landslide or debris flow are slope of the hillside, moisture content, and the nature of the underlying materials and the type of failure depends on their composition and characteristics.

Landslides can be described as either: (1) rapidly moving (generally known as debris flows), and (2) slow moving. Rapidly moving landslides or debris flows present the greatest risk to human life. People living in or traveling through areas prone to rapidly moving landslides are at increased risk of serious injury. Slow moving landslides can cause significant property damage but are less likely to result in serious human injuries (USGS).

Nationally, landslides (including mudslide and debris flows) cause 25 to 50 deaths each year. The best estimate of direct and indirect costs of landslide damage in the United States range between $2 billion and $4 billion annually (U.S. Geological Survey)29. As a seismically active region, California has had a significant number of locations impacted by landslides. Further, landslides and debris flows/mudslides are a particular risk in areas denuded by wildfire when significant rains occur. In addition to the potential loss of life, landslides can result in private property damage, impact transportation corridors, break fuel and energy conduits, and disrupt communication facilities.

Within the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region there are areas that are susceptible to landslides and debris flows due to slope instability, fire activity, rainfall and the geologic make-up of the area. Although all of the cities within the LVMCOG prohibit development in areas that may be prone to landslides, there are existing properties that may be susceptible to landslide activity. 29American Geosciences Institute, https://www.americangeosciences.org/critical-issues/faq/how-much-do-landslidescost-terms-monetary-losses 437
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-2
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Debris Flow
A debris or mud flow is a river of rock, earth and other materials, including vegetation that is saturated with water. This high percentage of water gives the debris flow a very rapid rate of movement down a slope. Debris flows can have speeds on the order of 20 mile per hour and can often move much faster (California Department of Conservation). This high rate of speed makes debris flows extremely dangerous to people and property in its path. In the event of a major landslide, debris flow can destroy roadway pavement and fill the storm drain catch basins. Any significant surface movement along streets will isolate residents and disrupt utilities in those areas.

Although no significant debris flow resulting from landslide activity has been recorded in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region, it remains a possibility.

HISTORICAL RECORD OF LANDSLIDE, DEBRIS FLOW, AND MUDFLOW EVENTS History of Landslides, Debris Flows, and Mudflows in Southern California The National Weather Service has documented the following significant flood triggered landslide, debris flows, and mud slide events in Southern California since 2014 (additional flood events are documented in the Flood and Severe Winter Storm section).

Date(s) Weather Adverse Impacts

9.12.2022
Moisture from remnants of Tropical Cyclone Kay
brought precipitable water measured at 2.35”
inches, a record level for September and the second
wettest all-time in the sounding record back to
1956. Rainfall ranged from 2 to 6” from the Anza
Borrego Desert to Mt. Laguna on 9.9.

Thunderstorms erupted in the mountains and desert
and Inland Empire from 9.10 to 9.12. Including one
storm producing a rain rate of 2.44” in one hour at
Raywood Flats on 9.12.

On 9.12, flash floods and debris flows flowed
into Forest Falls and Oak Glen, where 30 homes
and businesses were damaged. Search and
rescue operations found all missing persons but
one, a woman who was killed in Forest Falls. 14
evacuees spent at least one night at a Red Cross
shelter. Several roads and highways in this area
were blocked by debris and closed. Other
massive debris flows, including large trees and
boulders, flowed down Banning and Mias
Canyons above Banning. Flash floods were also
reported in Barona and Temescal Valley.

8.13.2022 Thunderstorms hit the San Bernardino Mountains.

2.28” at Yucaipa Ridge.

The rain came in a short time and triggered
debris flows and flash floods into Forest Falls.

7.31.2022
Numerous heavy thunderstorms struck the El
Dorado burn scar (above Yucaipa). Rainfall
intensities exceeded 1” in 1 hour and a couple
approached 2” per hour. Some weakening
thunderstorms managed to drift across southern
Orange County to the coast.

Significant flash floods and debris flows that
closed parts of highway 38 near Angelus Oaks
for days. Storms in the high desert led to several
flash floods.

12.23-24.2021
A series of storms paraded through the region, each
bringing heavy rain during late December. Two-day
totals for this storm reached 6” in the mountains,
but Lytle Creek alone achieved just over 8”. The
northern Inland Empire got 2-5”, while most other
lower elevation stations received 0.75-3”. Even
parts of the lower deserts got more than one inch.

Several mountain roadways were washed out,
including Highways 18 and 243. Flooding was
observed in the Mojave River in Hesperia, along
Indian Canyon Road near Palm Springs, in San
Bernardino, in Cherry Valley just below the
Apple Fire burn scar, and in nearby Oak Glen.

Debris flows inundated parts of Silverado
Canyon within the Bond Fire burn scar.

12.14.2021
A significant winter storm brought heavy rain to
lower elevations. 5 to 6” of rain fell on the
southwest slopes of the San Gabriel and San
Bernardino Mountains, with Lytle Creek singularly
achieving 7.06”.

Several debris flows occurred, in the Bond Fire
burn scar in eastern Orange County and below
the Apple Fire burn scar near Beaumont.

Localized flooding was common across the
region. Rocks and debris closed some mountain
highways.
438
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-3
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Date(s) Weather Adverse Impacts

10.25.2021
A significant storm for October tapped into a
weakening atmospheric river to bring over 2” of
rain to parts of the San Bernardino Mountains. 1-2”
were common in the mountains, while 0.25- 1” was
common at lower elevations, including the high
desert.

The rain combined with vulnerable burn scars to
produce rock slid mud and debris flows that
closed es, off several highways in the
mountains. These closures were near Big Bear
Dam, Oak Glen and Forest Falls.

7.30.2021
A surge of monsoon moisture produced numerous
heavy thunderstorms across the mountains. Rain
rates of 1.0 to 1.5 inches per hour were observed in
the heavier storms.

Several flash floods and debris flows occurred,
particularly on the El Dorado Fire burn scar
along Highway 38 near Angelus Oaks.

7.26.2021
Widespread showers and thunderstorms hit the
entire region, even to the coast. Many locations in
mountains and deserts received over one inch of
rainfall, with Lake Cuyamaca topping the list at

2.32”, Indio 1.60” and Apple Valley 1.34”. West of
the mountains, amounts ranged from 0.01” to 0.83”
inch at Rincon Springs. Distribution was not
uniform in any respect.

A flash flood spread sand and rocks across
Dillon Road and Ramon Road near Thousand
Palms. Several Indio streets were flooded with
water.

3.11.2021
A powerful storm contained a heavy burst of rain in
eastern Orange County that struck the Bond Fire
burn scar in Silverado Canyon. 0.20 inch of rain fell
in 15 minutes.

A debris flow went over roads and into homes,
damaging six homes and eight vehicles in
Silverado. The flow also closed a stretch of
Silverado Canyon Road.

1.28-29.2021
A powerful winter storm and atmospheric river
brought heavy rain. 4 to10 inches fell across San
Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties, 2 to 6
inches fell in Ventura County and 1 to 4 inches fell
in Los Angeles County. 1.5 inches of rain fell
across Santiago Canyon in eastern Orange County.

Many areas flooded, including Santiago Canyon
where mud and debris flows covered roads and
damaged homes. A vehicle got stuck in
floodwaters in Perris, prompting a water rescue.
8 people were trapped in a flooding storm drain
between Otay Mesa and San Ysidro. 7 were
helped to safety, but one perished.

4.8-10.2020
A warm front moved through the region on 4/8 and
brought waves of showers from south to north.

Following the warm front, an upper low moved into
the California Bight and stalled on 4/9, bringing 3
to 5 inches of rain to Orange County and San Diego
County through 4/10. Many locations recorded their
highest daily rainfall record: San Diego (1.98"),
Chula Vista (1.56"), and Vista (3.18"). Oceanside
Harbor recorded their wettest 24-hours on record
with 3.06". Six-day storm totals were 3 to 7 inches
along the coast and valleys, 4 to 8 inches with
locally 10 in the mountains, and 1 to 2 inches in the
deserts. Rainfall in San Diego County was 3-4”
inches in a 24 hour period. All-time daily rainfall
records were broken on 4/10 in Oceanside and
Vista, each recording over 3”. Monthly rainfall
records were broken for April at those locations,
each receiving over 6” in just six days.

Numerous flash floods and floods resulted.

Flood waters combined with mud, boulders and
debris in Bonsall, Oceanside, Carlsbad,
Encinitas, Vista, Pacific Beach, Del Mar, Valley
Center, Rancho Penasquitos and several spots in
Mission Valley. Highway 78, a major freeway
corridor between Oceanside and Escondido, was
closed in both directions from flooding on
adjacent Buena Vista Creek. Numerous swiftwater rescues were made all across San Diego County. The San Diego River at Fashion Valley
reached a peak of 12.5 feet.

3.12.2020 An atmospheric river brought heavy rain and
thunderstorms, especially to the deserts where 1 to
2 inches fell. 550 lightning strikes occurred.

Flash flooding was observed near Canebrake,
Borrego Springs, Lakeview, Riverside, Corona,
parts of the Coachella Valley, Apple Valley. A
mudslide occurred near Pinyon Pines. A road
was eroded near Mentone. Water rescues
happened in Glen Avon and Corona.
439
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-4
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Date(s) Weather Adverse Impacts

2.14.2019 A major atmospheric river pummeled Southern
California with heavy rain. Many mountain locales
recorded 8 to 10 inches of rain, with Palomar
Mountain recording over 10 inches. Palm Springs
recorded 3.69 inches, the third wettest day on
record.

Flash flooding resulted with damage to roads.

High snow levels resulted in flooding in the San
Bernardino Mountains. Flash flooding and
debris flows occurred at and below the Holy
Fire burn scar near Lake Elsinore. Highways
ripped out by water and debris on both sides of
Mt. San Jacinto were closed for weeks for major
repairs.

2.2.2019 A strong downpour across the burn scar of the 2017 Whittier Fire triggered a debris flow in Duval
Canyon (Giorgi 2019).

The event clogged and damaged a culvert
beneath Highway 154, shutting down the
highway for a month between Highway 246 in
Santa Ynez to Highway 192 in Santa Barbara
for clearing, severing a key north-south arterial
linking north county and south county.

1.19.2018 On Tuesday, January 9, 2018, following the 2017 Thomas Fire, which burned 281,893 acres in
Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties, a reported

0.54 inches of rain fell within 5 minutes in the burn
scars from the Thomas Fire in the foothills of
Montecito. Over two days a total of four inches of
rain fell in the area.

The heavy rains caused massive debris flows
and flooding that damaged or destroyed 408
homes, killed 23 residents, and led to the
closure of Highway 101 and the UPRR for more
than 3 weeks, cutting off the county from
communities to the south. California Geological
Survey scientists estimated the Montecito debris
flow as having speeds of 10-15 mph, being up
to 25-30 feet deep, and capable of carrying
boulders as large as a tow truck. (California
Geological Survey 2019b).

1.5-7.2016
A strong, low latitude jet stream brought a series of
storms through Southern California with periods of
moderate to heavy rain. Three-day rainfall totals
were around 2-7” for the coast, valley and foothill
areas, and 1- 3” for the deserts. After several years
of drought, this was the only precipitation event of
significance during an otherwise disappointing
strong El Niño season.

Flooding resulted nearly everywhere, with
southwestern San Diego County being hardest
hit. Floods buried cars in Ocean Beach and
Mission Valley. High water rescues occurred on

1.6 around San Diego. Small mudslides,
including boulders on highways were reported
near Ramona, Redlands, Crestline, Orange,
Rancho San Diego and De Luz. Three debris
flows in Silverado Canyon below a burn scar.

9.15.2015
A Pacific trough tapped into remnant moisture from
tropical cyclone Linda. 1-2” of rain was common
across the entire region.

Major traffic jam during the morning commute
in LA and Orange County, along with a debris
flow in Silverado Canyon, and widespread
urban flooding.

7.18-19.2015
Moisture from Hurricane Dolores, along with
monsoon moisture resulted in showers and
thunderstorms over most Southern California.

Rainfall ranged from 0.5-4”, including a record

1.71” at San Diego on 7.18 (unprecedented rainfall:
single-day and July monthly total). The San Diego
River at Fashion Valley had 2 crests above monitor
stage, 7.7 feet on the 18th and 8.8 feet on 7.19. On

7.19 over 6” of rain fell over several hours just west
of Desert Center.

A debris flow hit the burn scar of Silverado
Canyon. Flash floods hit Moreno Valley, Perris,
and La Mesa on 7.19. A wet microburst struck
Tierrasanta on 7.18, causing wind damage. A
haboob caused wind damage in the Anza
Borrego Park and in Palm Desert. The rain
caused the first rain-out of a Los Angeles
Angels baseball game since 1995, and a rare 2-
hour rain delay at the San Diego Padres baseball
game. Over 2000 lightning strikes were reported
on 7.18, some starting small brush fires. Near
Desert Center on 7.19 eastbound lanes of
Interstate 10 collapsed where they crossed a
heavily flowing wash. A vehicle drove into the
hole in the collapsed bridge, trapping the driver
and requiring rescue. I-10 was closed in both
directions causing huge traffic backups.
440
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-5
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Date(s) Weather Adverse Impacts

7.6.2015
Monsoon thunderstorms hit the mountains and
upper desert. A few spots received up to around
one-third of an inch, including a portion of the Lake
Fire burn area south of Big Bear Lake.

Several debris flows resulted, including one
consisting mostly of ash and mud over portions
of Highway 38, up to a foot deep in some areas.

12.3-4.2014
A Pacific storm brought moderate to heavy rain.

Two-day rainfall totals of 1-2” were recorded west
of the mountains, while the southern slopes of the
San Bernardino County mountains saw up to 5” of
rain (isolated amount of 14.5” at Yucaipa Ridge).

Flooding resulted, with mud, debris and water
closing several roadways and stranding
vehicles. Mud with debris 10 feet high piled up
on Soboba Rd. north of San Jacinto. A swift
water rescue was needed.

9.7-8.2014
Weakening Hurricane Norbert brought moisture to
produce thunderstorms mainly in Riverside and San
Diego Counties. Rainfall amounts of 1 to 2 inches
fell over the city of Riverside, San Bernardino and
Hemet, while the mountains in that county saw up
to 0.60” near Sky Valley. Early morning
thunderstorms on 9.8 drenched parts of the
Coachella Valley which received 0.33” up to just
over 3 inches near the lower foothill in Thousand
Palms and La Quinta.

Widespread flash flooding, most notably in the
Coachella Valley on 9.8. Mud and water closed
roads and stranded vehicles in La Quinta, Palm
Desert, and Thousand Palms. Homes in La
Quinta were surrounded by water. Moving
water was 3 feet deep on roads and 4 to 5 feet of
standing water submerged vehicles. Mud was
several feet deep on Varner Road.

8.12.2014
A heavy thunderstorm struck east of Julian. A debris flow blocked Hwy. 78 east of Julian on the Banner Grade that was one to two feet deep.

The Banner Fire burn scar contributed to this
flow.

2.28-3.1.2014
A very wet storm was the only significant storm of
the 2013-14 wet season. Rainfall ranged from 1
inch at the coast to up to 8 inches in the mountains.

Up to 1 inch fell in the desert. Yucaipa Ridge
measured over 11 inches.

Urban and flash flooding with mud/debris
flows, causing numerous road closures and
swift water rescues in and around Anaheim, San
Diego-Fashion Valley, Escondido, Fallbrook
and Lake Elsinore. Mud slides closed Hwy. 74
(Ortega Highway) stemming from the Falls Fire
burn scar. Many road closures in the Coachella
Valley where rivers saw rises of 2 to 5 feet, in
some instances within 12 hours. On 3.1,
flooding resulted in Oceanside, Temecula, Sea
World San Diego, as well as minor street
flooding in Mission Viejo.

Table 150: A History of Significant Weather Events in Southern California - Organized by Weather Type (Feb 2023) – From 2014 to 2022
441
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-6
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Significant Southern California Landslides, Debris Flows, and Mudflows 2023 Rolling Hills Estates Landslide
In July 2023, a landslide destroyed 12 homes in Rolling Hills Estates on the Palos Verdes Peninsula (south of the Malibu coast) with other residents forced to evacuate. Each of the 12 destroyed homes was valued at over $1 million each resulting in a total loss of more than $15.5 million.
2022 Southern California Mudflows
In 2022, heavy rains in the Southern California area resulted in numerous cases of landslides and mudflows. For example, in Oak Glen near Yucaipa flashfloods resulted in mudflows that destroyed several homes and businesses.
2018 Southern California Mudflows
In January 2018, a series of mudflows occurred in the Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and Santa Barbara Counties. These mudflows occurred in areas that had previously experienced major wildfires. Subsequent rains resulted in multiple mudflow events. Specifically, the Montecito Mudslide caused 23 reported deaths, multiple injuries, and at least $177 million in property damage.30
Figure 115: Montecito Mudflow 2018
Source: Matt Udkow, Santa Barbara County Fire Department 1994 Northridge Earthquake Landslide Related Impact
As a result of the magnitude 6.7 Northridge, California, earthquake, more than 11,000 landslides occurred over an area of 10,000 km2. Most were in the Santa Susana Mountains and in mountains north of the Santa Clara River Valley. The earth movement destroyed dozens of homes, blocked roads, and damaged oil-field infrastructure. It also caused deaths from Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever), the spore of which was released from the soil and blown toward the coastal populated areas. The spore was released from the soil by the landslide activity. 30 Robert D. Niehaus, Inc., Preliminary Impact Assessment: Montecito Mudslides, 2018

442
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-7
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx Landslides, Debris Flows, and Mudflows in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region The cities within the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region are subject to landslide events due to heavy rains or seismic events. The map below depicts the historic dormant and active landslide (debris flow and/or mudflows) areas within each city. Note: No historic or active landslide zones are within the boundaries of Hidden Hills.

Map 62: Dormant and Active Landslide Areas in the LVMCOG RegionSource: California Department of Conservation (https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/lsi/app/) 443
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-8
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates 2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
***This page intentionally left blank***
444
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-9
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Agoura Hills Landslides, Debris Flows, and Mudflows
Examples of landslide events in the City of Agoura Hills since 1990 include the Via Amistosa, Morrison Ranch, Liberty Canyon Slope Failure, Laura La Plante, Laro, and Chateau Park landslides. In 1999, Agoura Hills experienced the Kanan Slope Repair as a result of the El Nino storms of 1998. However, as of 2023 all remediation slope repairs have been completed. The City will continue future repair efforts as a result of future storms.

Calabasas Landslides, Debris Flows, and Mudflows
In January 2023 a mudslide blocked the northbound lanes at the intersection of Mulholland Highway and Stunt Road near the southwest border of the City of Calabasas. In June 2022, a large rock blocked Mulholland Highway near Las Virgenes Road in Calabasas (no injuries reported).31 This event disrupted traffic in the area until the roadway could be cleared.

Malibu Landslides, Debris Flows, and Mudflows
Due to the topography of the area, landslides in Malibu can severely disrupt transportation at a regional level. For example, Pacific Coast Highway is a heavily used transportation route and road closures due to landslides are a major concern. Recent incidents in the City of Malibu have included the Highway 23, Little Dume Beach, and Piuma Road landslides (see 2021-2023 summary below). Previous events include the: Calle del Barco, Kanan, Pacific Coast Highway, Las Flores, Love, and Malibu Road landslides.
2021 - 2023 Malibu Landslides / Mudslides
In December 2021, a mud and rockslide forced the closure of Highway 23 (no injuries reported).

Also, in November 2021, a rockslide near Little Dume beach occurred requiring closure of the area until the potential for further rock falls could be determined. In October 2022, a landslide north of Pacific Coast Highway resulted in the closure of Highway 23 between Westlake Village and Malibu. Road clearing and repair efforts required the road to be shut down for 3 weeks. In March 2023, a rockslide caused by heavy rains occurred south of Piuma Road causing several large boulders to fall onto Malibu Canyon Road. The rockslide required the closure of the road for 24 hours while clean-up crews cleared the road (no injuries reported).

Other landslide events periodically occur in the City of Malibu and the City has taken steps to monitor and mitigate the issue. For example, The Malibu Road Landslide Assessment District was authorized in 1998 (Resolution 98-036) to provide funding to maintain and monitor dewatering facilities that are intended to stabilize the landslide area.32 31 https://cadoc.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=bc48ad40e3504134a1fc8f3909659041 32 Fugro, Annual Report Malibu Road Landslide Assessment District, June 2017 445
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-10
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

CAUSES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LANDSLIDES, DEBRIS FLOWS, AND

MUDFLOWS
Landslide, Debris Flows, and Mudflows Events and Impacts Landslides including debris flows and mudflows are a common hazard in California. Weathering and the decomposition of geologic materials produces conditions conducive to landslides and human activity further exacerbates landslide potential. Many landslides are difficult to mitigate, particularly in areas of large historic movement with weak underlying geologic materials.

Rock falls occur when blocks of material come loose on steep slopes. Weathering, erosion, or excavations, such as those along highways, can cause falls where the road has been cut through bedrock. These rock falls are fast moving with materials free falling or bouncing down slopes.

The volume of material involved is generally small, but large boulders or blocks of rock can cause significant damage.

As communities continue to modify the terrain and influence natural processes, it is important to be aware of the physical properties of the underlying soils as they (along with climate) create landslide hazards. This is especially important with the demands placed on buildable land (particularly in urban areas) that increases the tendency to build on geologically marginal areas such as hillside lots.

LANDSLIDE, DEBRIS FLOWS, AND MUDFLOWS HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Landslides, debris flows, and mudflows are often triggered by periods of heavy rainfall.

Earthquakes, subterranean water flows, pipeline ruptures, and excavations may also trigger landslides. Certain geologic formations are more susceptible to landslides than others. Human activities, including locating development near steep slopes, can increase susceptibility to landslide events. Further, wildfires can denude large areas of hillsides increasing their susceptibility to landslides, debris flows, and mudflows.

Natural Processes
Natural processes can cause landslides, debris flow, or mudflows or re-activate historical sites with previous events. Seismic tremors can trigger landslides on slopes with a history of landslide movement. Earthquakes can also cause additional failure (lateral spreading) that can occur on moderate slopes above steep streams and riverbanks.

Land Development, Grading, and Excavation
Although landslides including debris flows and mudflows are a natural geologic process, the incidence of landslides and their impacts on people can be exacerbated by human activities.

Grading for road construction and development can increase slope steepness. Grading and excavation can decrease the stability of a hill slope by adding weight to the top of the slope, removing support at the base of the slope, and increasing water content.

Drivers for hillside development include intensification of existing development on residential lots and expansion into undeveloped areas. Intensification consists of additional construction and modification of existing construction or the complete demolition and redevelopment of a residential lot.
446
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-11
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Intensification expands developed pad areas into previously “natural” hill slope areas and often involves a corresponding increase in the size and volume of the onsite sewage disposal systems.

Other human activities effecting landslides include: excavation, drainage modifications, groundwater alterations, and changes in vegetation and soil conditions.

Drainage and Groundwater Alterations
Water flowing through or above ground is often the trigger for landslides, debris flows, and mudflows. Any activity that increases the amount of water flowing into landslide-prone slopes can increase the hazard. Broken or leaking water or sewer lines can be especially problematic, as can water retention facilities that direct water onto slopes. Ineffective storm water management and excess runoff can also cause erosion and increase the risk of landslide hazards. Drainage can be affected naturally by the geology and topography of an area; development that results in an increase in impervious surfaces impairs the ability of the land to absorb water and may redirect water to other areas. Channels, streams, ponding, and erosion on slopes all indicate potential slope problems.

Road and driveway drains, gutters, downspouts, and other constructed drainage facilities can concentrate and accelerate flow. Ground saturation and concentrated velocity flow are major causes of slope problems and may trigger landslides. Building Codes require drainage devices to dispose storm runoff away from hillside developments. Storm runoff is designed to be discharged into the storm drain system. Storm drain catch basins are normally maintained by Public Works Departments and are regularly cleaned to prevent any flooding or ponding.

Changes in Vegetation and Soil Conditions
Wildland fires in hills covered with chaparral are often a precursor to debris flows or mudflows in burned out canyons. The extreme heat of a wildfire can create a soil condition in which the earth becomes impervious to water by creating a waxy-like layer just below the ground surface. Since water cannot be absorbed into the soil, it rapidly accumulates on slopes, often gathering loose particles of soil in to a sheet of mud and debris.

If vegetation on very steep slopes has been removed either by wildfire or man-made development, there is an increased risk. Additionally, changing away from native ground cover plants may increase the risk of landslide, debris flow, or mudflow. For example, if certain vegetation requires heavy watering, soil conditions can change and trigger landslides.

Landslide, Debris Flow, and Mudflow Risk Factors
Locations at risk from landslides, debris flows, or mudflows include areas with one or more of the following conditions:

1. On or close to steep hills;

2. Steep road-cuts or excavations;

3. Existing landslides or places of known historic landslides, debris flows, or mudflows (such sites often have tilted power lines, trees tilted in various directions, cracks in the ground, and irregular-surfaced ground);

4. Steep areas where surface runoff is channeled, such as below culverts, V -shaped valleys, canyon bottoms, and steep stream channels; and

5. Fan-shaped areas of sediment and boulder accumulation at the outlets of canyons.

6. Canyon areas below hillside and mountains that have recently (within 1-6 years) been subjected to a wildland fire.
447
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-12
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Potential Landslide, Debris Flow, and Mudflow Areas
The following potential landslide, debris flow, and mudflow areas have been identified for each city within the LVMCOG (note: no landslide hazards were identified within the City of Hidden Hills). Source: County of Los Angeles, Bureau of Land Management, Esri, HERE, Garmin, INCREMENT P, USGS, METI/NASA, NGA, EPA, USDA | California Geological Survey Agoura Hills
Map 63: Agoura Hills Landslide, Debris Flow, and Mudflow Areas Calabasas
Map 64: Calabasas Landslide, Debris Flow, and Mudflow Areas 448
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-13
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Malibu
Map 65: Malibu Landslide, Debris Flow, and Mudflow Areas Westlake Village
Map 66: Westlake Village Landslide, Debris Flow, and Mudflow Areas

449
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-14
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Estimated Impact of an Event
If landslides, debris flows, or mudflows were to occur, the consequences to local populations and housing could be significant. The table below provides the estimated impact of a disaster using a

0.1% loss baseline.

Category Agoura
Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Malibu Westlake Village
Impact if a 0.1%
Loss Occurs
Population 20,362 23,410 2,182 10,915 8,081 65
Total OwnerOccupied Units 5,861 6,010 603 3,395 2,492 18 Median Home
Value $857,700 $1,141,600 $2,000,000+ $2,000,000+ $1,029,100 More than
$25,302,240
(based on an average home value of
$1,405,680 x Total Owner
Occupied Units Impacted)
Table 151: Estimated Population and Economic Loss of Multiple Landslides Source U.S. Census Bureau 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate Based on a 0.1% loss projection, approximately 65 people could be displaced or significantly impacted, and approximately 18 homes could be damaged or destroyed resulting in over $25 million in losses based on an average home value of $1,405,680 and damage to 18 owner occupied units (see Community Profile section for population, housing, and economic data).

Risk of Future Landslide, Debris Flow, Mudslide
For the LVMCOG Region, the risk of future climate change events was estimated by the Working Group using the following weighted formula:

Risk = (0.45 x Probability) + (0.30 x Magnitude/Severity) + (0.15 x Warning Time) + (0.10 x Duration) Probability Magnitude / Severity Warning Time Duration
Level ID Value Level ID Value Level ID Value Level ID Value Unlikely 1 Negligible 1 Less than 6 hrs 4 Less than 6 hrs 1 Possibly 2 Limited 2 6 to 12 hrs 3 Less than 24 hrs 2
Likely 3 Critical 3 12 to 24 hrs 2 Less than one wk 3
Highly Likely 4 Catastrophic 4 More than 24 hrs 1 More than one wk 4 The result was a climate change risk rating of 6.40 (see Annex C Working Group HMP Risk Assessment Survey for additional details):

Hazard Probability Magnitude Warning
Time Duration Risk
Landslide
(including Debris
Flow and
Mudslide)
3 3.67 20 9.5 6.40

450
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-15
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

LANDSLIDE, DEBRIS FLOW, AND MUDFLOW VULNERABILITIES
Landslides, debris flows, and mudflows can affect a variety of functions including utility services, transportation systems, and critical lifelines. Communities may suffer immediate damages and loss of service. Disruption of infrastructure, roads, and critical facilities may also have a longterm effect on the economy. Utilities, including potable water, wastewater, telecommunications, natural gas, and electric power are all essential to service community needs. Natural gas pipes may also be at risk of breakage from landslides, debris flows, or mudflows.

Roads
Public Works Departments along with other departments within the cities in the Las VirgenesMalibu Region are responsible for cleaning-up slides that inhibit the flow of traffic or are damaging roadways. Public agencies can usually only repair the roadway itself, as well as the areas adjacent to the slide. Individual property damage does not fall under their immediate attention.

Landslide, debris flow, and mudflow hazards can be alleviated by grading slides, by: installing load bearing walls on roadsides and installing new drainage systems on slopes to divert water from potential landslide, debris flow, or mudflow areas. This type of response activity is often the most cost-effective in the short-term but is only temporary.

Lifelines and Critical Facilities
Landslides, debris flows, and mudflows can have direct and indirect impacts on lifelines and critical facilities. Closed transportation arteries may result in an inability of hospitals and other emergency facilities to receive and transport patients as well as obtain emergency supplies. Loss of power and telephone service are also potential consequences of landslide events. Soil erosion in hillside areas can undermine the soil supporting high voltage transmission towers and communication networks. Finally, soil displacement can result in pipeline breaks, further exasperating the potential for landslides.

451
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-16
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

LANDSLIDE MITIGATION STRATEGIES
LVMCOG Mitigation Activities
Landslide mitigation activities include current mitigation programs and activities that are being implemented by local or regional organizations. Building and Zoning Codes provide examples of mitigation activities common to all LVMCOG cities.

Building/Zoning Codes
All cities within the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region follow the California Building Code. The CBC requires geotechnical investigation of the potential soil liquefaction and soil strength loss during earthquakes for development in the liquefaction zones. The geotechnical reports are to address potential consequences of any liquefaction and soil strength loss and discuss mitigating measures.

Agoura Hills
The City of Agoura Hills has implemented the following regulations in order to provide better preventive measures for loss of life and property due to landslide:
 Requirement for geotechnical and geologic report submittal and review prior to development entitlement.
 Requirement for graded slopes to be landscaped for stability.  More restrictive foundation support requirements than the State adopted Building and Residential codes (CBC, CRC).

The following building codes provide examples of how Agoura Hills has enacted preventative measures against loss of life and property because of a landslide.

Agoura Hills Code Section Title
8102 (ppp) Engineered Grading Requirements
8103(qqq) Seismic Design Provisions for Hillside Buildings 8102 (ss) Retaining Walls
8202 (ddd) California Building Code Adoption &
Local Grading Amendments
Maintenance of Protective Structures / Devices /
Installations and Grading
In addition, 9652.5 – Policy: Hillside Management and Significant Ecological Areas specifies:
9652.5. - Policy.

Either a conditional use permit or an architectural review approval shall be obtained before the issuance of any building or grading permit, approval of minor land division or subdivision, importation of fill material for the purpose of altering natural terrain, or commencement of any construction or enlargement of any building or structure on any parcel that is in, or partly in, a hillside area or SEA. In addition to preserving the natural character of the hillsides and valleys within the City of Agoura Hills and ensuring the preservation of the scenic viewshed, hillside development regulations are designed to protect residents from geologic hazards, such as unstable soils and erosion, and the possible loss of life and destruction of property. The intention and policy of the city is to:

1. Encourage minimal grading which relates to the natural contours of the land as opposed to padding or stairstep grading;

2. Require the retention of trees and other vegetation which stabilize hillsides, retain moisture, prevent erosion, and enhance the natural scenic beauty, and, when necessary, require additional landscaping to promote the above;

3. Require immediate planting whenever appropriate to maintain cut and fill slopes;

4. Encourage a variety of building types and design to reduce grading and disturbance of the natural character of the area; and

5. Require the retention of natural landmarks and prominent natural features which enhance the character of a specific area.
452
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-17
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Calabasas
The following building codes provide examples of how Calabasas has enacted preventative measures against loss of life and property due to landslide.

Calabasas Code Section Title
Title 15 – Building and Construction
Chapter 10: Grading Permit Requirements and Procedures
Chapter 11: Grading, Erosion and Sediment Control
Standards

15.11.020 Excavations and Fills

15.11.050 Revegetation and Slope Surface Stabilization

15.11.070 Setbacks for Cut and Fill Slopes

15.11.080 Storm Drainage and Runoff

15.11.100 Erosion and Sediment

15.16 Flood Hazard Prevention
In addition, the City of Calabasas has enacted specific requirements for land use and development under Title 17 of the Calabasas Municipal Code. Regulations related to landslide mitigation include the following:

17.18.020 - Old Topanga (-OT) overlay zone.

A. Purpose and Applicability. The Old Topanga (-OT) overlay zone is applied to the Old Topanga area of the city. This is a mountainous area where existing parcels were created before modern zoning and subdivision regulations required appropriate relationships between parcel size, terrain, and building size.

The intent of this zoning district is to:

1. Ensure that the scale of residential development is in reasonable proportion to the size of the building site and its environmental constraints, including slope and vegetation;

2. Provide standards for appropriate development in relation to the high fire hazards, flood hazards, access problems, and steep slopes of the areas to which this overlay zoning district may be applied; and

3. Ensure that development is consistent with the hillside and ridgeline regulations in Article III and the grading ordinance in Title 15.

17.18.025 - Calabasas Highlands (CH) Overlay Zone.

A. Purpose and Applicability. The Calabasas Highlands (-CH) overlay zone is applied to the Calabasas Highlands area of the city. These are mountainous areas where existing parcels were created before modern zoning and subdivision regulations required appropriate relationships between parcel size, terrain, and building size. The intent of this zoning district is to:

1. Ensure that the scale of residential development is in reasonable proportion to the size of the building site and its environmental constraints, including slope and vegetation;

2. Provide standards for appropriate development in relation to the high fire hazards, flood hazards, access problems, and steep slopes of the areas to which this overlay zoning district may be applied; and

3. Ensure that development is consistent with the hillside and ridgeline regulations of Article III in this title and the grading ordinance in Title 15.
453
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-18
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Hidden Hills
Although the risk of landslide in Hidden Hills is low, the following building codes have been implemented as preventative measures to protect against the loss of life and property due to a landslide event.

Hidden Hills Code Section Title
Title 5 – Land Use and Development
Chapter 5-9-3: General Provisions
(8) Flood-Related Erosion-Prone Area
Chapter 5-5B-4: Foundations on Expansive Soil
Chapter 5-5B-6: Excavation and Grading
J112.2: Geologic Hazard
J113: Geology and Engineering Report
Chapter 5-9-5: Provisions for Flood Hazard Reduction
As part of implementation of building codes to mitigate the risk of landslides, the City of Hidden Hills has an ongoing comprehensive hill slope management program.

Malibu
The City of Malibu Local Coastal Program Land Use Plan (LUP) adopted by the California Coastal Commission (9/13/2002) includes policies to minimize the hazards associated with shoreline and bluff development including slope stability and landslide potential in hillside areas. Specific policies related to landslide mitigation include:

C. Land Use Plan Policies

4.1 The City of Malibu and the Santa Monica Mountains coastal zone contains areas subject to hazards that present substantial risks to life and property. These areas require additional development controls to minimize risks, and include, but shall not be limited to, the following:
 Low Slope Stability & Landslide/Rockfall Potential: hillside areas that have the potential to slide, fail, or collapse.
 Fault Rupture: the Malibu Coast-Santa Monica Fault Zone.  Seismic Ground Shaking: shaking induced by seismic waves traveling through an area as a result of an earthquake on a regional geologic fault.  Flood prone areas most likely to flood during major storms.  Liquefaction: areas where water-saturated materials (including soil, sediment, and certain types of volcanic deposits) can potentially lose strength and fail during strong ground shaking.
 Liquefaction/Flood prone areas where saturated sediments lie in flood plains.  Tsunami: shoreline areas subject to inundation by a sea wave generated by local or distant earthquake, submarine landslide, subsidence, or volcanic eruption.  Wave Action: shoreline areas subject to damage from wave activity during storms.  Fire Hazard: areas subject to major wildfires classified in Fire Zone 4 or in the Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone.

454
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-19
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

1. General Development

4.2 All new development shall be sized, designed and sited to minimize risks to life and property from geologic, flood, and fire hazard.

4.3 Information should be provided to the public concerning hazards and appropriate means of minimizing the harmful effects of natural disasters upon persons and property relative to siting, design and construction.

4.4 On ancient landslides, unstable slopes and other geologic hazard areas, new development shall only be permitted where an adequate factor of safety can be provided, consistent with the applicable provisions of Chapter 9 of the certified Local Implementation Plan.

4.5 Applications for new development, where applicable, shall include a geologic/soils/geotechnical study that identifies any geologic hazards affecting the proposed project site, any necessary mitigation measures, and contains a statement that the project site is suitable for the proposed development and that the development will be safe from geologic hazard. Such reports shall be signed by a licensed Certified Engineering Geologist (CEG) or Geotechnical Engineer (GE) and subject to review and approval by the City Geologist.

4.6 The remediation or stabilization of landslides that affect existing structures or that threaten public health or safety may be permitted. Alternative remediation or stabilization techniques shall be analyzed to determine the least environmentally damaging alternative.

Maximum feasible mitigation shall be incorporated into the project in order to minimize adverse impacts to resources.

4.7 Hillside Management Program requirements shall be applicable to proposed development on steep slopes.

4.8 Grading and/or development-related vegetation clearance shall be prohibited where the slope exceeds 40 percent (2.5:1), except that driveways and/or utilities may be located on such slopes, where there is no less environmentally damaging feasible alternative means of providing access to a building site, provided that the building site is determined to be the preferred alternative and consistent with all other policies of the LCP.

4.9 Buildings within flood prone areas subject to inundation or erosion shall be prohibited unless no alternative building site exists on the property and proper mitigation measures are provided to minimize or eliminate risks to life and property from flood hazard.

4.10 New development shall provide adequate drainage and erosion control facilities that convey site drainage in a non-erosive manner in order to minimize hazards resulting from increased runoff, erosion and other hydrologic impacts to streams.

4.11 New development involving a structure dependent on a wastewater disposal system shall utilize secondary treatment, at a minimum, and evapotranspiration waste disposal systems or other innovative measures, where feasible.

4.12 Land divisions, including lot line adjustments, shall be prohibited unless all proposed parcels can be demonstrated to be safe from flooding, erosion, and geologic hazards and will provide a safe, legal, all-weather access road(s), which can be constructed consistent with all policies of the LCP.

4.13 Land Divisions including lot line adjustments shall be prohibited unless all proposed parcels and access roads are found to comply with all applicable fire safety regulations and all required approvals are obtained.

4.14 New development shall be prohibited on property or in areas where such development would present an extraordinary risk to life and property due to an existing or demonstrated potential public health and safety hazard.
455
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-20
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

4.15 Existing, lawfully established structures, which do not conform to the provisions of the LCP, may be maintained and/or repaired provided that such repair and maintenance do not increase the extent of nonconformity of the structure. Except as provided below, additions and improvements to such structures may be permitted provided that such additions or improvements comply with the current standards and policies of the LCP and do not increase the extent of nonconformity of the structure. Substantial additions, demolition and reconstruction, that result in demolition and/or replacement of more than 50% of the exterior walls shall not be permitted unless such structures are brought into conformance with the policies and standards of the LCP.

In addition to the above referenced policies, the City of Malibu Zoning and Building Codes address development regarding grading, drainage, general building guidelines on slopes, as well as Geotechnical Engineering Standards. The following codes are implemented as preventative measures for loss of life and property, in addition to maintaining standards.

Malibu Code Section Title
Title 17 Zoning, Chapter 17.40 Property
Development and Design Standards Slope and Set Back Requirements Title 26 Building Code, Appendix J
Grading
J101.2: Flood Hazard Areas
J101.5: Protection of Utilities
J101.7: Storm Water Control Measures
J103.1: Permits Required
J104.2.1: Grading Designation
J104.2.3: Engineered Grading Requirements
J109: Drainage and Terracing
J110: Slope Planting and Erosion Control
Title 26 Building Code, Chapter 1
Administration
Section 111 Engineering Geology and Soils Engineering
Reports
Generally, the ordinance requires slope stability analyses for proposed developments with slopes steeper than 4:1 (horizontal:vertical). More detailed surface and subsurface investigations are warranted for slopes of 4:1 or flatter if indicated by engineering and geologic hazards.33 This may include soils, vegetation, geologic formations, and drainage patterns. Site evaluations may also occur where stability might be lessened by proposed grading/filling or land clearing.

Requirements for grading and erosion control are included in the Plan Check Submittal Checklist.

Additionally, the City of Malibu has an Information Bulletin regarding Erosion Control, distributed to residents during heavy storms.
33 City of Malibu, Guidelines for the Preparation of Engineering Geology and geotechnical Engineering Reports and Procedures for Report Submittal, 2013
456
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-21
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Westlake Village
The City of Westlake Village has identified areas in the city that may have unstable slopes.

Engineering/geology soils investigations are required prior to hillside development in unstable slope areas in order to mitigate the loss of property or life due to a landslide. Local building codes and regulations are managed by the Building and Safety Division of the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, which serves under contract as the City’s Building and Safety Department. The following building codes are implemented as preventative measures for loss of life and property due to a landslide event.

Westlake Village Code
Section Title
Building Code Chapter 8.5 Floodplain
Management 8.5.015: Methods of Reducing Flood Losses
Article 9 Zoning Regulations Chapter 9.17 Hillside Development Specifically, Westlake Village Zoning Regulations require a Soils and Geologic Report when applying for a new construction project grading permit.

9.17.050 Site Planning Standards, E. Grading Standards
A detailed Soils and Geologic Report shall accompany each Grading Permit application. The report shall address such items as the recommended maximum slope angles for natural and manmade cuts and fill slopes, the effect of saturation or supersaturation of soils due to over-watering (irrigation), seismic safety, liquefaction, and soil or rock erosion. The foregoing items are minimum requirements for the report. The report shall address any other items necessary, in the professional opinion of the soils and/or geologic engineer, and as required by the City.

Figure 116: Malibu Plan Check
Submittal Checklist - Grading
Figure 117: Malibu Erosion Control
Information Bulletin
457
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 10-22
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
***This page intentionally left blank***
458
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 11-1
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
SECTION 11. WINDSTORM

THE NATURE OF THE WINDSTORM THREAT
Severe windstorms pose a significant risk to life and property by creating conditions that disrupt essential systems such as public utilities, telecommunications, and transportation routes. High winds have the potential to cause damage to local homes and businesses from falling trees and debris. In addition, windstorms increase the risk of wildfire as the moisture content decreases in brush and vegetation on hillsides, especially in urban interface areas.

HISTORICAL RECORD OF WIND EVENTS
History of Severe Winds in Southern California
The National Weather Service has documented the following severe wind events in Southern California since 2014.

Date(s) Weather Adverse Impacts

12.31.2022 to

1.1.2023
Strong winds accompanied a winter storm with
gusts over 60 mph on ridgetops and adjacent desert
slopes. The highest measured gust was 79 mph at
Toro Peak. Gusts near the coast reached 35 to 40
mph.

Several trees at the coast were toppled,
causing damage.

11.25.2022 This Thanksgiving, an upper low diving south through the Southwest propelled offshore winds,
with many gusts 60 to 77 mph in the foothills. Sill
Hill was the extreme outlier, achieving 88 mph.

11.15 to 16.2022 Offshore winds exceeded 80 mph for a few locations in the foothills of the San Bernardino, Santa Ana,
and San Diego County Mountains. Many more spots
exceeded 60 mph.

11.8 to 9.2022 A deep trough of low pressure brought strong winds to the region. Winds gusted to over 70 mph in the
mountains, downing trees and triggering minor
power outages. An impressive gust of 101 mph was
recorded at Burns Canyon (east side of San
Bernardino Mountains).

Trees were downed in the mountains and
power outages were incurred.

9.9.2022 Remnants of Tropical Cyclone Kay brought strong, easterly winds early in the morning. Observed wind
gusts in the mountains and foothills ranged from 70
to 95 mph. One gust from Cuyamaca peak came in
at 727 a.m. and registered 109 mph, which was
verified to be the strongest measured wind gust ever
observed in Southern California. Other gusts: Big
Black Mountain 96 mph, Sill Hill 91 mph, Otay
Mountain 81 mph, Mt. Laguna Observatory 80 mph.

Thankfully, wind gusts in the populated areas were
not nearly as strong.

1.21 to 22.2023 Strong Santa Anas peaked in the foothills of the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains and adjacent
valleys ranged from 50 to 80+ mph.

Numerous trees and power poles in Upland,
Ontario and Claremont were downed,
crushing several vehicles, damaging homes
and knocking out power.

12.14.2021 Winter storm winds on the lee slopes of the
mountains reached over 80 mph, while coastal areas
experienced gusts over 40 mph.

Trees and power lines were damaged.
459
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 11-2
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Date(s) Weather Adverse Impacts

2.28.2021 A great month for offshore winds as more Santa Anas developed. Fremont Canyon had the top gust
at 81 mph, with Fontana and Jurupa Valley each
reporting 60-mph gusts.

2.25.2021 After several offshore wind events during February, a particularly strong Santa Ana blew. Gusts of 80to
90 mph were measured in the foothills north of San
Bernardino, with gusts of 75 mph at Fremont
Canyon and 72 mph in Fontana and Jurupa Valley.

A few trees in Devore were knocked down
and a big rig tipped over in the Fontana area.

Wind spread a fire in Bloomington.

1.28 to 29.2021 A powerful winter storm produced strong southerly winds of up to 80 mph in the mountains of Los
Angeles and Ventura Counties.

1.19.2020 Very strong and gusty Santa Ana winds of up to 99 mph hit the coastal hills of Ventura and Los Angeles
counties.

Numerous small trees and branches were
downed.

10.26.2020 A strong offshore wind, a “cool”
Santa Ana, produced many exceeding
70 mph and a top gust of 88 mph at
Fremont Canyon.

The winds toppled big rig trucks and downed
mature trees in the northern Inland Empire.

The dry winds also contributed to spreading
two fire starts, the Blue Ridge and Silverado
fires in eastern Orange County.

6.8.2020 Strong and gusty northerly winds impacted the
mountains of Santa
Barbara, Ventura and Los Angeles counties. Wind
gusts up to around
75 mph were reported in some areas.

2.25 to 26.2020 Strong surface high pressure over
the Great Basin brought intense east
to northeast winds to Southern
California. The strongest winds were in the foothills
of San Diego County where a peak wind gust of 106
mph from a mountain wave was recorded at Sill Hill.

This is believed to be the strongest wind gust ever
measured in San Diego County. Many other
mountain locations reported wind gusts of 65-75
mph.

Two tractor trailers were overturned on I-8 in
San Diego County, and many trees fell due to
high wind.

2.10 to 11.2020 A wind storm from the north produced peak wind gusts of 60-70 mph in the wind-prone passes and
canyons.

Winds overturned tractor trailers and downed
trees.

1.29 to 30.2020 Strong offshore winds struck the region, with gusts reaching 70 mph.

Many trees were downed on homes and cars,
and one home caught fire when a tree fell on
it.

12.26.2019 A severe squall struck the coast and valley areas during the morning. Some wind gusts exceeded 40
mph.

The winds damaged property and felled trees
in Ventura and National City.

11.28.2019 A squall line of strong winds and thunderstorms came ashore in San Diego County with wind gusts
40 to 50 mph.

Roof and tree damage was incurred in
Carlsbad.

10.30 to 31.2019 Cool Santa Ana winds impacted the region.

Northeasterly wind gusts up to 68 mph were
reported across the mountains and valleys of
Ventura and Los Angeles counties.

The Maria Fire started near Santa Paula in the
critically dry vegetation, and burned into
early November, eventually burning 9,999
acres.
460
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 11-3
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Date(s) Weather Adverse Impacts

10.10.2019 Several episodes of Santa Ana winds started on this day and continued through 10.24. Top wind gusts
reached 60 to 80 mph. Relative humidity was near
zero percent for several locations on several days
during this period.

Numerous fires broke out across Southern
California. The Saddleridge Fire would
eventually burn over 8,700 acres in the
foothills of the San Fernando Valley near
Sylmar. Over 100 residences were either
damaged or destroyed. There was one death
due to cardiac arrest.

3.6.2019 A storm system brought strong winds to the
mountains and deserts. A wind gust of 98 mph was
clocked at Burns Canyon.

1.21.2019 A period of Santa Ana winds immediately followed an inside slider, and brought strong winds to the
region, especially the mountains. The peak observed
wind gust was 84 mph at Burns Canyon.

Two people were killed when a large tree fell
on their home in Point Loma.

10.15.2018 A deep low pressure axis extending across Southern California produced strong region-wide Santa Ana
winds. The strongest gust reached 82 mph in
Fremont Canyon, with widespread gusts above 40-
50 mph reported in valley locations.

In Orange County, over 200 trees were
downed and one person was killed when a
tree fell onto their vehicle.

12.4.2017 Strong sundowner and Santa Ana winds persisted across Southern California for two weeks. Northerly
wind gusts between 65 and 85 mph were reported at
a few locations sometime during the two weeks.

On this day, the Thomas fire sparked to life
just north of Santa Paula. Over the next few
weeks it burned over southwest Ventura and
southeast Santa Barbara Counties and
became California’s largest wildfire, burning
281,893 acres. It destroyed at least 1,063
structures and damaged 280 others. One
firefighter and one civilian died.

3.30.2017 A trough of low pressure brought strong winds that produced mountain waves in the deserts. Numerous
wind gusts in the 60-70 mph range were reported in
Palm Springs and Borrego Springs.

Winds downed trees and power lines in Palm
Springs, leaving more than 2,200 without
power. Power line damage was also reported
in Borrego Springs.

2.18.2017 A strong cold front swept into the coast, noteworthy for the strong prefrontal southerly winds. A gust of
67 mph was measured at Laguna Beach.

Significant tree damage was incurred near the
coast and in the valleys.

1.9.2017 A strong mountain wave produced an impressive
wind gust of 107 mph at Burns Canyon (east side of
San Bernardino Mountains).

8.16.2016 Gusty winds and low humidity swept through the Cajon Pass.

Winds fanned the Blue Cut Fire into a fury on
this day. The fire spread rapidly forcing
84,000 mandatory evacuations and
threatening 35,000 homes. Numerous roads
were closed, including I-15 in both directions
for two days. The fire destroyed 105 homes,
and 313 smaller structures, and scorched
36,274 acres before it was extinguished.

3.28.2016 Mountain wave activity produced winds in excess of 50 mph that generated a dust storm with near zero
visibility along Highway 247 in Lucerne Valley.

A multicar pileup ensued, involving more
than a dozen vehicles and injuring 28 people.

1.31.2016 A powerful storm with a surface low that rapidly deepened in the Southern California Bight brought
an exceptionally strong cold front with widespread
damaging wind gusts of 40-70 mph from the coast
to the mountains. A broken line of thunderstorms
formed along the front and combined with post
frontal winds.

Over 500 downed trees caused extensive
damage. One woman was killed and two were
injured when a pine tree eight feet in diameter
crushed four cars in Pacific Beach.
461
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 11-4
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Date(s) Weather Adverse Impacts

1.5 to 7.2016 A series of winter storms brought strong storm winds exceeding 60 mph across some coastal and
valley areas.

Damage resulted mainly from
thunderstorm wind gusts.

5.12 to 5.15.2014 A strong late-season Santa Ana wind event raked the region. Winds gusted to 40 to 45 mph in parts
of the coast and valleys, and 60 to 80 mph in the
foothills.

The winds knocked down many trees and
power lines, and blew off some roof tiles.
14 fires erupted in San Diego County,
killing one, burning over 27,000 acres and
causing more than $50 million in property
damage. The Poinsettia fire in Carlsbad and
the Cocos Fire in San Marcos damaged
homes.

4.30 to 5.1.2014 This strongest and most widespread offshore wind event in years occurred very late in the season.

Gusts reached as high as 100 mph at Sill Hill near
Cuyamaca Peak. Numerous other stations
measured speeds that exceeded 60 mph.

Numerous trees and power lines were
downed in the San Diego County interior.

A Garden Grove school incurred roof
damage. The Etiwanda fire near Rancho
Cucamonga broke out.

2.28 to 3.1.2014 A strong storm hit Southern California with westerly winds. A report of a 102 mph wind gust
came from the Bear Mountain ski resort weather
equipment on 2.28. Thunderstorm wind gusts.

Numerous large trees and power poles
toppled, as well as damage at John Wayne
Airport. Thunderstorms on the 2.28
downed several trees and damaged power
lines and other structures.

Table 152: A History of Significant Weather Events in Southern California - Organized by Weather Type (Feb 2023) – From 2014 to 2023
Windstorm Risk in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region
Overall the risk of strong wind in the Las Virgenes-Malibu region is low with an annualized frequency less than one per the National Risk Index. Regardless, strong winds cannot be completely disregarded especially since annual Santa Ana winds result in local damage as well as an increase in the risk of severe wildfire.

Map 67: Annualized Frequency of Strong Wind National Risk Index 462
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 11-5
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

CAUSES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WINDSTORMS IN THE LAS VIRGENES-MALIBU REGION
Windstorm events in the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region can be caused by short term, topographically influenced, high wind gusts as well as extended duration Santa Ana wind conditions. “Santa Ana Winds” typically occur between October and February. Santa Ana winds are characterized by strong dry offshore winds originating from the Great Basin and Upper Mojave Desert. Wind temperatures can range from extremely hot to cold. Damage can occur directly from the high wind speeds generated or from the secondary effects of very low humidity, which increases the threat of wildfires, particularly in the fire-prone chaparral country.

WINDSTORM HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Given the location and topography of the area, severe windstorms are a possibility. While the historic occurrence of these events on the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region has been minimal (when they occur) these events do pose a threat to life, property, utility delivery systems, infrastructure, and transportation. Furthermore, if a severe windstorm results in a prolonged utility disruption, it may be necessary to utilize private and public resources to aid in the care and sheltering of displaced residents. High winds also increase the threat posed by wildfires and can lead to major losses to the region. In addition, the economic impact of providing shelter, conducting repairs, and the disruption to local businesses can result in economic losses to the entire area. Finally, a severe windstorm can cause the loss of historic trees in the area and require the services of certified arborists.

The risk of trees falling is one of the more significant hazards resulting from high wind events.

The leafy canopy and structural elements of a tree crown present a drag type barrier to winds.

Trees naturally minimize wind drag through the re-orientation of leaves and through the independent motion of limbs and branches, thus reducing the transfer of uniform sway motion forces to the trunk. The Beaufort Wind Scale (BWS) specifically notes problems with trees as wind speeds increase. The BWS references the likelihood of whole tree motion as wind speeds exceed 32 miles per hour (MPH), twig breakage at 39 MPH and whole tree wind-throw as wind speeds exceed 55 MPH. The susceptibility of trees to wind-throw can be influenced by the general structural condition of the trees, the location of the trees in reference to wind patterns and the level and frequency of pruning maintenance.

463
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 11-6
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
The following chart depicts the Beaufort scale which is used to estimate wind strengths.

Beaufort
Force
Speed
(MPH) Wind Description - State of Sea - Effects on Land 0 Less 1 Calm - Mirror-like - Smoke rises vertically
1 1-3 Light - Air Ripples look like scales; No crests of foam - Smoke drift shows direction of wind, but wind vanes do not
2 4-7 Light Breeze - Small but pronounced wavelets; Crests do not break - Wind vanes move; Leaves rustle; You can feel wind on the face
3 8-12 Gentle Breeze - Large Wavelets; Crests break; Glassy foam; A few whitecaps - Leaves and small twigs move constantly; Small, light flags are extended 4 13-18 Moderate Breeze - Longer waves; Whitecaps - Wind lifts dust and loose paper; Small branches move
5 19-24 Fresh Breeze - Moderate, long waves; Many whitecaps; Some spray - Small trees with leaves begin to move
6 25-31 Strong Breeze - Some large waves; Crests of white foam; Spray - Large branches move; Telegraph wires whistle; Hard to hold umbrellas
7 32-38 Near Gale - White foam from breaking waves blows in streaks with the wind - Whole trees move; Resistance felt walking into wind
8 39-46 Gale - Waves high and moderately long; Crests break into spin drift, blowing foam in well-marked streaks - Twigs and small branches break off trees; Difficult to walk 9 47-54 Strong Gale - High waves with wave crests that tumble; Dense streaks of foam in wind; Poor visibility from spray - Slight structural damage 10 55-63 Storm - Very high waves with long, curling crests; Sea surface appears white from blowing foam; Heavy tumbling of sea; Poor visibility - Trees broken or uprooted; Considerable structural damage
11 64-73 Violent Storm - Waves high enough to hide small and medium sized ships; Sea covered with patches of white foam; Edges of wave crests blown into froth; Poor visibility - Seldom experienced inland; Considerable structural damage 12 >74 Hurricane - Sea white with spray. Foam and spray render visibility almost nonexistent – Widespread damage. Very rarely experienced on land.

Table 153: Beaufort Scale
464
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 11-7
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Estimated Impact of an Event
If a severe windstorm were to occur, the consequences to local populations and housing could be significant. The table below provides the estimated impact of a disaster using a 1% loss baseline for the impact to the total population of the LVMCOG and to Owner-Occupied housing units.

Category Agoura
Hills Calabasas Hidden Hills Malibu Westlake Village
Impact if a 1% Loss
Occurs
Population 20,362 23,410 2,182 10,915 8,081 640
Total OwnerOccupied Units 5,861 6,010 603 3,395 2,492 184 Median Home
Value $857,700 $1,141,600 $2,000,000+ $2,000,000+ $1,029,100 More than $258M
(based on an average home value of
$1,405,680 x Total Owner
Occupied Units Impacted)
Table 154: Estimated Population and Economic Loss of Multiple Landslides Source U.S. Census Bureau 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate Based on a 1% loss projection, more than 640 people could be significantly impacted, and an estimated 184 homes damaged resulting in over $258 million in losses for owner-occupied housing units (see Community Profile section for population, housing, and economic data).

Risk of Future Severe Windstorm
For the LVMCOG Region, the risk of future climate change events was estimated by the Working Group using the following weighted formula:

Risk = (0.45 x Probability) + (0.30 x Magnitude/Severity) + (0.15 x Warning Time) + (0.10 x Duration) Probability Magnitude / Severity Warning Time Duration
Level ID Value Level ID Value Level ID Value Level ID Value Unlikely 1 Negligible 1 Less than 6 hrs 4 Less than 6 hrs 1 Possibly 2 Limited 2 6 to 12 hrs 3 Less than 24 hrs 2
Likely 3 Critical 3 12 to 24 hrs 2 Less than one wk 3
Highly Likely 4 Catastrophic 4 More than 24 hrs 1 More than one wk 4 The result was a climate change risk rating of 3.93 (see Annex C Working Group HMP Risk Assessment Survey for additional details):

Hazard Probability Magnitude Warning
Time Duration Risk
Severe
Windstorm 4.33 3.67 3 4.33 3.93

465
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 11-8
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

WINDSTORM VULNERABILITIES
Windstorms can result in damage to structures, disrupt utilities, and require emergency tree services (i.e. limb failures, clearance of private property trees fallen into roadways, etc.). With regards to wind related damage to structures; the Las Virgenes-Malibu Region has not experienced significant damage due to windstorms during the last decade. Nevertheless, the impact of a severe windstorm can be significant and mitigation planning can reduce losses if an event were to occur.

Specific windstorm related issues are outlined below.

Life and Property
Detached tree limbs and building elements present a hazard to life and property as well as infrastructure. Furthermore, utility providers and emergency services can be overwhelmed during a major event. At risk populations include assisted care facilities and home-bound residents that are dependent on electrical power (see Utilities and Infrastructure section below). For example, in December 2011, the City of Pasadena, California experienced a severe windstorm with reported gusts near 100 MPH. The resulting power outages and debris impacted residents for weeks.

Utilities and Infrastructure
Windstorms can cause structural damage to buildings and other critical infrastructure. Overhead electrical and telephone lines are particularly vulnerable to damage from wind and debris as are microwave and satellite facilities. High winds commonly occur during winter storms and can cause trees to bend, sag, or fail (tree limbs or entire trees) which then come into contact with nearby power lines. Fallen trees can cause short-circuiting and conductor overloading. Wind-induced damage to the power system causes power outages to customers, incurs cost to make repairs, and in some cases can lead to ignitions that start wild land fires. In order to prepare for such events, Southern California Edison (SCE) has developed its own Hazard Mitigation Plan. 466
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 11-9
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Transportation
Windblown debris, tree limbs and wind thrown trees can damage traffic control apparatus, block roadways, damage vehicles, and cause extreme traffic congestion - impeding emergency and vehicles and hampering repair efforts.

Increased Fire Threat
The Las Virgenes-Malibu Region is subject to Santa Ana Winds with regards to their impact on fire conditions. Winds can serve as a catalyst in the canyons to spread fire at a rapid rate.

Prolonged winds during the warmer months of the year can decrease vegetation moisture levels and increase the ignition potential in dry underbrush. When urban/wildland interface fires occur, Santa Ana Wind conditions can drive flames and increase the spread speed and severity of the fire.

This is a significant concern near homes, especially where brush clearance has been lax.

During high wind periods, there is also a threat of downed power lines causing wildfires. In response, SCE began a public notice campaign to reiterate its policy that utility power may be shut-off during high fire risk periods when extreme weather threatens the power lines.

Figure 118: SCE Public Safety Power Shutoff Process
467
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 11-10
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
In addition, on April, 14,2021 Southern California Edison provided a presentation to the Agoura Hills Council meeting to provide an overview of its Vegetation Management Program. The purpose of the program is to reduce of wildfire due to downed power lines during severe weather events such as severe winds.

468
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 11-11
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Santa Ana Winds
“Santa Ana Winds” are generally defined as warm,
dry winds that blow from the east or northeast
(offshore). Commonly, Santa Ana winds develop
when a region of high pressure builds over the Great
Basin (the high plateau east of the Sierra Mountains
and west of the Rocky Mountains including most of
Nevada and Utah). These regional winds typically
occur from October to March and, according to most
accounts, are named either for the Santa Ana River
Valley where they originate or for the Santa Ana
Canyon, southeast of Los Angeles, where they pick
up speed. These winds occur below the passes and
canyons of the coastal ranges of Southern California
and in the Los Angeles basin.

The complex topography of Southern California
combined with various atmospheric conditions
creates numerous scenarios that may cause
widespread or isolated Santa Ana events. Santa Ana
winds often blow with exceptional speed in the Santa
Ana Canyon. Forecasters at the National Weather
Service offices in Oxnard and San Diego usually
place speed minimums on these winds and reserve
the use of "Santa Ana" for winds greater than 25
knots 28.8 mph). These winds accelerate to speeds of
35 knots (40.3 mph) as they move through the
canyons and passes, with gusts up to 50 to 60 knots
(57.5 mph to 69.0 mph).

The Santa Ana Wind Circulation Map (Photojournal
JPL NASA) shows the direction of the Santa Ana
winds as they travel from the stable, high-pressure
weather system called the Great Basin High through
the canyons and towards the low-pressure system off
the Pacific. Clearly, the City of Santa Clarita is in the direct path of the ocean-bound Santa Ana winds
Clockwise circulation around the center of this
high-pressure area forces air down slope from the
high plateau. The air warms as it descends toward
the California coast at the rate of 5 degrees
Fahrenheit per 1000 feet due to compressional heating. Thus, compressional heating provides the primary source of warming. The air is dry since it originated in the desert and it dries out even more as it is heated. Resulting in low humidity and increase risk of wildfires.

Map 68: Santa Ana Wind Circulation Pattern
Figure 119: Santa Ana Wind Satellite Image
Source: NASA / JPL-Caltech, 2002
469
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 11-12
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx

WINDSTORM MITIGATION STRATEGIES
Interagency Efforts
In the case of buildings and structures, the likelihood of structural element detachment is influenced by local building code requirements, the location of buildings in reference to wind patterns and in the level of maintenance and upkeep. In addition, one of the strongest and most widespread existing mitigation strategies pertains to tree clearance.

Currently, California State Law and LA County Fire Code requires utility companies to maintain specific clearances (depending on the type of voltage running through the line) between electric power lines and all vegetation (Fire Code section 325.1 Electrical Transmission Lines).

Furthermore, homeowners are required to allow a utility company to comply with the law.

Failure to provide access to utility power lines can result in liability to the homeowner for damages or injuries resulting from a vegetation hazard. Many insurance companies do not cover these types of damages if the policy owner has refused to allow the hazard to be eliminated.

Continuous upgrades to engineering design criteria based on the latest industrial progress, geotechnical findings, and Code revisions are being conducted. For instance, Dynamic Shake Table Tests were recently made mandatory for certain equipment in addition to analytical design.

LVMCOG Mitigation Activities
Agoura Hills
In order to mitigate the impact of windstorms, the City of Agoura Hills maintains an inventory that currently has 4,236 trees listed (as of 2023). The tree inventory is segmented into grids (1,2,3,4,5) and the goal is to maintain each grid every two years then the inventory is updated accordingly.

The online inventory is updated whenever any tree trimming or maintenance is performed.

Local codes on tree pruning are reviewed and updated when new codes regarding tree maintenance were implemented. Per the Agoura Hills Planning Department there is a reduced fee for an oak tree trimming permit application for members of the community.

Calabasas
The Environmental Commission of the City of Calabasas among other duties is responsible for maintaining the Urban Forestry Master Plan and making recommendations to carry out the policies and goals of that plan. The Urban Forestry Master Plan includes the monitoring and maintenance of the city’s tree population.

Additionally, the city has a program that grants free Healthy Oak Tree permits. The intent of this program is to encourage proper maintenance of privately owned oak trees in order to reduce safety hazards.

470
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 11-13
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Hidden Hills
The City of Hidden Hills has had no incidents of loss of property or life due to windstorm activity therefore it does not take any steps with regards to current mitigation activities.

Malibu
The City of Malibu has begun a citywide tree pruning program. In addition, the city is using aerial photographs to update their GIS and map every tree on public property.

Westlake Village
The City of Westlake Village has completed a census and assessment of all trees on public property. Hazardous trees were removed. Further, the city has mapped all of its trees using a GIS program and prunes trees on a three-year cycle.

471
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 11-14
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
***This page intentionally left blank***
472
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 12-1
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
SECTION 12. FLOOD / TSUNAMI & STORM SURGE / SEVERE

WINTER STORM

THE NATURE OF THE FLOOD, TSUNAMI, AND SEVERE WINTER STORM THREAT The Las Virgenes-Malibu area is situated near the western portion of the Santa Monica Mountains and has experienced flooding in the past from major winter storm events. Flooding poses a threat to life and safety and can cause severe damage to public and private property. Due to the natural mountainous terrain as well as changes in the landscape (due to development) and natural disasters such as wildfire, flooding can be a factor in the area. In addition, the City of Malibu coastline is at risk of tsunami. Although the risk is relatively low, flooding due to tsunami can occur.

HISTORICAL RECORD OF FLOODING
History of Flooding in Southern California
Historically, the region has experienced extended periods (on the order of years) of either wet or dry weather. Additionally, in any given year the amount of precipitation can vary widely. The National Weather Service has documented the following significant flood and flash flood events in Southern California since 2014.

Date(s) Weather Adverse Impacts
8/20/2023 to
8/21/2023
Tropical storm Hilary made landfall in
Southern California resulting in 4 to 5 inches
of rain in the valley region that includes the
LVMCOG though the most severe rain fell to
the east and in the mountain regions.

Street and freeway flooding, fast moving storm
channels, and cancelled flights at local airports.
12/31/2022 to
1/1/2023
A potent storm moved in late on 12.31.2022
and continued into 1.1.2023. The heaviest
band of rain straddled the region just as the
clock struck midnight. Many mountain
locations recorded over 4” of precipitation,
mostly rain. Lytle Creek took top honors with

5.85”. Lower elevations generally got 1-2”, but
Coto de Caza overachieved with 3.62”.

Street and stream flooding was observed in
many areas and was particularly serious next to
the Fairview burn scar south of Hemet.
12/11/2022 to
12/12/2022
An atmospheric river was steered into
Southern California by a deep trough and
brought heavy rain, ranging from 0.50-2” in
the lowlands, generally 24” in the mountains
(except outlier Lytle Creek with 5.03”), and

0.03” to about one-third inch in the deserts.

Areas of urban flooding developed, and swiftwater rescues were made in Ontario and Anaheim.
11/8/2022 to
11/9/2022
A deep trough of low pressure with copious
moisture brought heavy rain to the region.

Total rainfall amounted to 1 to 2” coast and
valleys, and 3 to 5” in the mountains. A peak
of 9” was recorded in Lytle Creek.

Heavy rain resulted in urban flooding, including
three fatalities in a channel in Cucamonga
creek.
473
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 12-2
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Date(s) Weather Adverse Impacts
9/12/2022
Moisture from remnants of Tropical Cyclone
Kay brought precipitable water measured at

2.35” inches, a record level for September and
the second wettest all-time in the sounding
record back to 1956. Rainfall ranged from 2 to
6” from the Anza Borrego Desert to Mt.

Laguna on 9.9. Thunderstorms erupted in the
mountains and desert and Inland Empire from

9.10 to 9.12. Including one storm producing a
rain rate of 2.44” in one hour at Raywood Flats
on 9.12.

On 9.12, flash floods and debris flows flowed
into Forest Falls and Oak Glen, where 30 homes
and businesses were damaged. Search and
rescue operations found all missing persons but
one, a woman who was killed in Forest Falls. 14
evacuees spent at least one night at a Red Cross
shelter. Several roads and highways in this area
were blocked by debris and closed. Other
massive debris flows, including large trees and
boulders, flowed down Banning and Mias
Canyons above Banning. Flash floods were also
reported in Barona and Temescal Valley.
8/13/2022 Thunderstorms hit the San Bernardino
Mountains. 2.28” at Yucaipa Ridge.

The rain came in a short time and triggered
debris flows and flash floods into Forest Falls.
8/8/2022
Heavy thunderstorms struck Mt. San Jacinto.

1.98” fell. A heavy thunderstorm complex
struck the southern Anza Borrego Desert. Its
giant anvil plume with light rain spread all the
way to the coast across much of the San Diego
metro area.

A serious flash flood in Chino Canyon closed
the Palm Springs Tram and stranded visitors for
a time. Another flash flood took out part of
Highway S2 in the Anza Borrego Desert.
7/31/2022
Numerous heavy thunderstorms struck the El
Dorado burn scar (above Yucaipa). Rainfall
intensities exceeded 1” in 1 hour and a couple
approached 2” per hour. Some weakening
thunderstorms managed to drift across
southern Orange County to the coast.

Significant flash floods and debris flows that
closed parts of highway 38 near Angelus Oaks
for days. Storms in the high desert led to several
flash floods.
12/28/2021 to
12/30/2021
A wet and powerful storm struck the region,
with emphasis on Ventura and Los Angeles
Counties, where rainfall ranged from 3 and 7
inches with local amounts up to 9 inches in the
mountains. 2 to 5 inches fell in far western San
Bernardino County.

Flooding of streets filled with water to the curbs
in Seal Beach. Boulders fell onto Highway 138
in Crestline.
12/23/2021 to
12/24/2021
A series of storms paraded through the region,
each bringing heavy rain during late
December. Two-day totals for this storm
reached 6” in the mountains, but Lytle Creek
alone achieved just over 8”. The northern
Inland Empire got 2-5”, while most other
lower elevation stations received 0.75-3”.

Even parts of the lower deserts got more than
one inch.

Several mountain roadways were washed out,
including Highways 18 and 243. Flooding was
observed in the Mojave River in Hesperia, along
Indian Canyon Road near Palm Springs, in San
Bernardino, in Cherry Valley just below the
Apple Fire burn scar, and in nearby Oak Glen.

Debris flows inundated parts of Silverado
Canyon within the Bond Fire burn scar.
12/14/2021
A significant winter storm brought heavy rain
to lower elevations. 5 to 6” of rain fell on the
southwest slopes of the San Gabriel and San
Bernardino Mountains, with Lytle Creek
singularly achieving 7.06”.

Several debris flows occurred, in the Bond Fire
burn scar in eastern Orange County and below
the Apple Fire burn scar near Beaumont.

Localized flooding was common across the
region. Rocks and debris closed some mountain
highways.
10/21/2021 to
10/25/2021
A significant storm for October tapped into a
weakening atmospheric river to bring over 2”
of rain to the region including over 1.4 inches
in Malibu. In the San Bernardino Mountains.
1-2” were common in the mountains, while

0.25- 1” was common at lower elevations,
including the high desert.

The rain combined with vulnerable burn scars
to produce rock slid mud and debris flows that
closed es, off several highways in the
mountains. These closures were near Big Bear
Dam, Oak Glen and Forest Falls.
474
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 12-3
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Date(s) Weather Adverse Impacts
8/10/2021
A mesoscale convective system (organized
thunderstorms) produced heavy showers and
thunderstorms in the desert, mountains and
even to the coast near San Diego. San Felipe
received 2.49”, Ranchita 2.27”, and Mason
Valley 1.84”.

Flash flooding occurred all around Borrego
Valley, Desert Research Institute, Airport,
Coyote Canyon and adjacent citrus tree fields.
7/30/2021
A surge of monsoon moisture produced
numerous heavy thunderstorms across the
mountains. Rain rates of 1.0 to 1.5 inches per
hour were observed in the heavier storms.

Several flash floods and debris flows occurred,
particularly on the El Dorado Fire burn scar
along Highway 38 near Angelus Oaks.
7/26/2021
Widespread showers and thunderstorms hit the
entire region, even to the coast. Many
locations in mountains and deserts received
over one inch of rainfall, with Lake Cuyamaca
topping the list at 2.32”, Indio 1.60” and Apple
Valley 1.34”. West of the mountains, amounts
ranged from 0.01” to 0.83” inch at Rincon
Springs. Distribution was not uniform in any
respect.

A flash flood spread sand and rocks across
Dillon Road and Ramon Road near Thousand
Palms. Several Indio streets were flooded with
water.
3/11/2021
A powerful storm contained a heavy burst of
rain in eastern Orange County that struck the
Bond Fire burn scar in Silverado Canyon. 0.20
inch of rain fell in 15 minutes.

A debris flow went over roads and into homes,
damaging six homes and eight vehicles in
Silverado. The flow also closed a stretch of
Silverado Canyon Road.
1/28/2021 to
1/29/2021
A powerful winter storm and atmospheric river
brought heavy rain. 4 to10 inches fell across
San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties,
2 to 6 inches fell in Ventura County and 1 to 4
inches fell in Los Angeles County. 1.5 inches
of rain fell across Santiago Canyon in eastern
Orange County.

Many areas flooded, including Santiago Canyon
where mud and debris flows covered roads and
damaged homes. A vehicle got stuck in
floodwaters in Perris, prompting a water rescue.
8 people were trapped in a flooding storm drain
between Otay Mesa and San Ysidro. 7 were
helped to safety, but one perished.
4/8/2020 to
4/10/2020
A warm front moved through the region on 4/8
and brought waves of showers from south to
north. Following the warm front, an upper low
moved into the California Bight and stalled on
4/9, bringing 3 to 5 inches of rain to Orange
County and San Diego County through 4/10.

Many locations recorded their highest daily
rainfall record: San Diego (1.98"), Chula Vista
(1.56"), and Vista (3.18"). Oceanside Harbor
recorded their wettest 24-hours on record with

3.06". Six-day storm totals were 3 to 7 inches
along the coast and valleys, 4 to 8 inches with
locally 10 in the mountains, and 1 to 2 inches
in the deserts. Rainfall in San Diego County
was 3-4” inches in a 24 hour period. All-time
daily rainfall records were broken on 4/10 in
Oceanside and Vista, each recording over 3”.

Monthly rainfall records were broken for April
at those locations, each receiving over 6” in
just six days.

Numerous flash floods and floods resulted.

Flood waters combined with mud, boulders and
debris in Bonsall, Oceanside, Carlsbad,
Encinitas, Vista, Pacific Beach, Del Mar,
Valley Center, Rancho Penasquitos and several
spots in Mission Valley. Highway 78, a major
freeway corridor between Oceanside and
Escondido, was closed in both directions from
flooding on adjacent Buena Vista Creek.

Numerous swift-water rescues were made all
across San Diego County. The San Diego River
at Fashion Valley reached a peak of 12.5 feet.
475
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 12-4
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Date(s) Weather Adverse Impacts
3/12/2020 An atmospheric river brought heavy rain and
thunderstorms, especially to the deserts where
1 to 2 inches fell. 550 lightning strikes
occurred.

Flash flooding was observed near Canebrake,
Borrego Springs, Lakeview, Riverside, Corona,
parts of the Coachella Valley, Apple Valley. A
mudslide occurred near Pinyon Pines. A road
was eroded near Mentone. Water rescues
happened in Glen Avon and Corona.
12/26/2019 A powerful winter storm brought intense rain and thunderstorms that measured 1 to 3.5
inches from the coast to the mountains.

Flooding of intersections and low lying areas
were widely observed during the most intense
rainfall, including in San Marcos and Mission
Valley. Vehicle rescues were needed.
11/28/2019 A powerful storm struck the region on this
Thanksgiving Day. Heavy rainfall of 1 to 3
inches fell at the coast and in the valleys.

Numerous roadways were damaged from
flooding and erosion. There was a large boulder
on Ortega highway and a sinkhole in Redlands.

A swift-water rescue was needed in National
City. An RV park in La Mesa was heavily
damaged.
9/2/2019 Nocturnal thunderstorms migrated from the
east and hit the Coachella Valley early in the
morning this Labor Day. Other thunderstorms
struck the mountains that afternoon. Sky Oaks
was the standout, receiving 2.71 inches, while
many other mountain locations received 0.50
to 1.50 inches.

Several flash floods impacted the Coachella
Valley.
2/14/2019 A major atmospheric river pummeled Southern
California with heavy rain. Many mountain
locales recorded 8 to 10 inches of rain, with
Palomar Mountain recording over 10 inches.

Palm Springs recorded 3.69 inches, the third
wettest day on record.

Flash flooding resulted with damage to roads.

High snow levels resulted in flooding in the San
Bernardino Mountains. Flash flooding and
debris flows occurred at and below the Holy
Fire burn scar near Lake Elsinore. Highways
ripped out by water and debris on both sides of
Mt. San Jacinto were closed for weeks for
major repairs.
2/2/2019 A strong downpour across the burn scar of the
2017 Whittier Fire triggered a debris flow in
Duval Canyon (Giorgi 2019).

The event clogged and damaged a culvert
beneath Highway 154, shutting down the
highway for a month between Highway 246 in
Santa Ynez to Highway 192 in Santa Barbara
for clearing, severing a key north-south arterial
linking north county and south county.
1/15/2019 A winter storm brought a band of very heavy
rain to northwest Orange County. Seal Beach,
Huntington Beach and Fountain Valley each
reported roughly 2 inches of rain in 2 hours.

The intense rain produced flash flooding. Water
was up to doorways outside of homes, and the
Pacific Coast Highway was closed for over a
day in Huntington Beach.
9/30/2018 Remnant moisture from Tropical Storm Rosa
advanced into Southern California, bringing
rain and widespread thunderstorms to the
region, particularly the mountains and deserts.

In the Coachella Valley, a strong thunderstorm
accumulated up to 3.5” of rain in 2 hours near
Mecca.

One fatality resulted from the storm near
Mecca. An individual was swept away on Box
Canyon road.
476
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 12-5
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Date(s) Weather Adverse Impacts
1/19/2018 On Tuesday, January 9, 2018, following the
2017 Thomas Fire, which burned 281,893
acres in Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties, a
reported 0.54 inches of rain fell within 5
minutes in the burn scars from the Thomas
Fire in the foothills of Montecito. Over two
days a total of four inches of rain fell in the
area.

The heavy rains caused massive debris flows
and flooding that damaged or destroyed 408
homes, killed 23 residents, and led to the
closure of Highway 101 and the UPRR for
more than 3 weeks, cutting off the county from
communities to the south. California Geological
Survey scientists estimated the Montecito debris
flow as having speeds of 10-15 mph, being up
to 25-30 feet deep, and capable of carrying
boulders as large as a tow truck. (California
Geological Survey 2019b).
1/9/2018 A potent winter storm struck Southern
California. Intense rainfall around Santa
Barbara and Ventura measured as high as 0.54
inches in 5 minutes.

A 15 foot deadly mud and debris flow hit the
community of Montecito, around the burn scar
of the Thomas fire, where 23 lost their lives,
128 residences were destroyed, and 307 others
were damaged. Highway 101 was closed for
days due to the mud and debris.
9/9/2017
Thunderstorms struck the deserts with heavy
rains, including a daily record of 1.20 inches at
Palm Springs.

Intense flash flooding in Palm Springs and
Cathedral City, where structures throughout the
city were flooded and roads were covered in
debris. At Palm Springs High School, 31
classrooms were inundated. Major flood
damage also occurred at a mobile home park.
8/12/2017 Two giant supercell thunderstorms unleashed
their fury on the Anza Borrego Desert.

Flash flooding and wind damage occurred
around Agua Caliente Springs and Canebrake.
8/1/2017
Numerous monsoon thunderstorms struck the
valleys. 1.56 inches fell in Alpine in a short
period.

Flash flooding, downed trees and power outages
were reported in Corona, Perris, San
Bernardino, Temecula, and Alpine.
2/27/2017 to
2/28/2017
An atmospheric river storm struck mainly San
Diego County with 2-9 inches of rainfall in 24
hours. The San Diego River in Mission Valley
crested at 14.15 feet, the third highest stage
all-time.

Numerous roadways were closed, the Fashion
Valley Mall parking structure was closed and
the Fashion Valley Transit Center was closed to
bus traffic. Numerous water rescues were
conducted along the San Diego River including
20 people rescued from hotels in Mission
Valley. Many vehicles were also flooded and
destroyed.
1/19/2017 to
1/23/2017
A series of three winter storms hit during five
days. Total rainfall reached 10-13 inches along
the coastal slopes from San Bernardino to San
Diego County. Over the coast and valleys 2-7
inches of rain occurred with 0.5-3 inches in the
deserts.

Widespread flooding, including damage to
homes and businesses and numerous stranded
vehicles in several feet of water. Dozens of high
water rescues were made, 29 in San Diego
County on 1.20 alone. One boy was swept away
to his death in floodwaters in Rainbow. The
governor declared a State of Emergency in San
Diego County.
7/1/2016
Strong thunderstorms formed over the Mojave
Desert and San Bernardino Mountains. Up to
three inches of rain fell between Helendale and
Victorville. This was the only significant
round of thunderstorms during the 2016
monsoon season.

Significant flash flooding that forced closure of
Highway 66 near Bryman.
477
Las Virgenes-Malibu Council of Governments
2023 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
Version 1.0 Page 12-6
Revision Date: 8/01/2023
MLC & Associates
2023 LVMCOG MJHMP.docx
Date(s) Weather Adverse Impacts
1/5/2016 to
1/7/2016
A strong, low latitude jet stream brought a
series of storms through Southern California
with periods of moderate to heavy rain. Threeday rainfall totals were around 2-7” for the coast, valley and foothill areas, and 1- 3” for
the deserts. After several years of drought, this
was the only precipitation event of
significance during an otherwise disappointing
strong El Niño season.