Manteca City Council
December 5, 2023

5.5 Supply vs. Demand Under Drought Conditions
In Table 5-5, the average supply assumptions under imposed curtailment percentages are not as conservative as the most recent restrictions seen in 2022. Whether such curtailments are hydroclimatologic (e.g., precipitation-based), runoff-based (e.g., precipitation, facility, or regulatorybased), or purely institutional, the percent reductions are less than would be expected, particularly, in the 5th consecutive year of a protracted drought. While this may have been the case in the 2012-2016 drought, it is overly optimistic to assume that a 5th consecutive year drought would not restrict or otherwise curtail the City’s water supply. Selecting 1977 as the single-dry year is appropriate, however, limiting imported water shortages to only 75% is likely not conservative enough.

Original maximum CVP M&I contract shortage were 75% of normal and over the past several decades have been increased to 50% in extreme circumstances. Granted, SSJID is not a CVP or SWP contractor subject to the deep shortage provisions imposed by federal and State water contracting stipulations, however, 2022 has demonstrated how even standard curtailments have now been exceeded.

Additionally, only surface water deliveries from SSJID are curtailed and groundwater pumping is left completely unconstrained – an unlikely long-term outcome given the status of the Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Subbasin. The 2012-2016 drought period proved that as surface water supplies became increasingly strained, groundwater reliance increased to about 80% of the supply in the San Joaquin Valley.
56 At that usage rate, it is conceivable that after successive years, for groundwater reserves to be impacted and potentially deplete. Therefore, it is prudent to assume a reduction in the current safe yield pumping rate of 1 AFY/Ac during a period of sequential drought years for two reasons: 1) to prepare for the possibility of a curtailment and 2) to plan for the management of the Subbasin’s sustainable yield under drought conditions.

Based on the established water supply and demand projections, various assumptions, and base hydrologic years, Table 5-6 presents the supply versus demand comparison for a single dry year with SSJID surface water curtailed by 75% and groundwater un-curtailed. It is noted that in reality, during drought years, the City will typically implement the necessary stage of its Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) which lays out actions the City plans to take to encourage City residents to conserve water. To be conservative and for consistency with UWMP methodology, demands are assumed to stay the same as presented in Table 5-2 for the analysis presented herein.
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Total Projected Supply (AFY) 22,699 23,036 24,682 31,579 33,225 Total Projected Demand (AFY) 19,029 22,242 24,786 27,649 30,872 Difference (AFY) 3,670 794 -104 3,930 2,353
Table 5-6: Single-Dry Year Supply versus Demand Comparison Based on this analysis, there are shortages by 2035. Note, though, that if there is unaccounted for groundwater pumping by others, it could push shortages further in 2035 and as early as 2030. 56 California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment, 2018, San Joaquin Valley Region Report, p. 17.

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Given that the multiple-dry year analysis curtailments do not provide additional limitations as compared to the single-dry year analysis, Table 5-6 presents the most extreme case for both the single- and multipledry year analyses. It is noted, however, that during a multi-year drought, there will likely be carryover storage shortages due to the occurrence of multiple consecutive dry years. Consistent with UWMP methodology, year-to-year storage effects are not considered here but would likely only exacerbate any deficits.

As shown in Table 5-6, the shortage between supply and demand is less than 1 percent by the year 2035.

This shortage can be managed with the implementation of the City’s WSCP. However, under prolonged drought conditions, the projected supply could be much lower than what is presented under single-dry year conditions if curtailments increase. With such a tight margin , a prolonged drought would likely cause a deeper deficit.

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6 FUTURE WATER-RELATED THREATS TO THE CITY
The future threats to deliverable water supplies in the City for the foreseeable future (e.g., General Plan buildout) can be categorized into the following:
• Hydroclimatological Uncertainty. Uncertainties associated with a rapidly shifting climate due to forced anthropogenic global warming (e.g., climate change) • Existing Surface Water Storage Capacity Limitations. Limitation in reservoir storage capacity across the system relied upon by SSJID and the City
• Regulatory Impositions. Regulatory impositions as they relate to surface water operations of the primary water regulators in the State.
• Declining Groundwater. Long-term aquifer declines have been chronic among water purveyors.

For a City totally reliant on another party for its surface water supply, future hydroclimatology is an important consideration. The megadrought, for example, received considerable attention in recent years and water providers have struggled to put this hydroclimatic anomaly into proper perspective. This has been made all the more challenging since no historic benchmark exists from which to draw comparisons or contrast similarities and dissimilarities.

6.1 Hydroclimate Change and Uncertainty
Climate change modeling is far from an exact science. New developments and various nuances emerge continuously as researchers contend with an extremely dynamic and volatile new discipline. However, it is clear that our climate is changing and affecting precipitation.

6.1.1 Climate Change
Global warming is changing the intensity distribution of daily precipitation, with an increased frequency of heavy precipitation and reduced frequency of light/moderate precipitation as expressed in GCM/RCM projections. While an increase in extreme hydrology, particularly, rainfall-runoff is now fully accepted as a result of warming global air temperatures and the manifestation of this effect during the winter months, the exact regional nuances are still largely undefined. 57 Projected future Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase 5 (CMIP5)58 GCM changes in regional daily precipitation distribution can be described by a combination of two idealized modes: a frequency decrease mode, representing a reduction in the frequency of precipitation at all rain rates, and a frequency shift mode, where the distribution shifts toward heavier rain rates. A decrease in daily precipitation frequency and an increase in intensity are projected in most regions, but the magnitude of change shows large regional variations.
59 57 Williams, A.I.L. and P.A. O’Gorman (2022) “Summer-Winter Contrast in the Response of Precipitation Extremes to Climate Change over Northern Hemisphere Land”, Geophysical Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096531. 58 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/ 59 Chadwick, R., Pendergrass, A.G., Muniz Alves, L., and L., A. Moise (2022) in Journal of Climate, “How Do Regional Distributions of Daily Precipitation Change under Warming?”, pp. 3243-3260, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0864.1.

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In a recent DWR study, four important watersheds in the San Joaquin River region (Stanislaus River at New Melones, Tuolumne River at Don Pedro, Merced River at Lake McClure, and San Joaquin River at Millerton Lake) were selected for future hydrologic analysis. The sum of runoff from these four watersheds was used to represent the overall wetness of the region in practice.

The mean elevation of the four San Joaquin River watersheds is 2,345 meters with an average total annual runoff of 5.75 MAF. Runoff from the San Joaquin River watersheds is dominated by snowmelt, due to the relatively high watershed elevations (in comparison to their Sacramento River watershed counterparts further north). Snowmelt runoff, which is typically represented by runoff during the snowmelt season from April to July, accounts for two-thirds of the annual total runoff for San Joaquin Valley’s four rivers.

California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment selected four GCMs for use in this analysis. These included a “cool/wet” model CNRM-CM5; an “average” model CanESM2; a “warm/dry” model HadGEM2-ES; and a “complement” model MIROC5 that “is most unlike the first three models for the best coverage of different possibilities.” These were selected after a prioritization process that originally identified 32 GCMs that participated in the CMIP5 under two emission scenarios: Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 (lower emission scenario) and RCP 8.5 (high emission scenario). Details on the applied bias correction methods, study variables, and index metrics are not replicated here and can be found in the DWR study.60
From Figure 6-1, it is evident that total annual runoff is projected to increase across nearly all of the exceedance probabilities via the “cool/wet” model (CNRM-CM5) and the “average” model (CanESM2) (Figure 6-1a). The increases are generally larger for higher flows with lower exceedance probabilities.

The “complement” model (MIROC5) and “warm/dry” model (HadGEM2-ES) projected similar annual runoff to the historical baseline.

The San Joaquin River region is expected to experience larger volumes of October-March runoff than the baseline in all of the projections (Figure 6-1b). The increases are larger for runoff volumes with lower exceedance probability, however, not all four models project decreases in the April-July runoff (Figure 6-1c). The “cool/wet” model projects increases under both of the emission scenarios for the San Joaquin River region. Finally, under the higher emission scenario, the “cool/wet” model projects higher OctoberMarch runoff and lower April-July runoff, while the “average” model predicts higher runoff across all three timescales.
60 He, M., Anderson, J., Lynn, E. and W. Arnold (2021) in Climate, “Projected Changes in Water Year Types and Hydrological Drought in California’s Central Valley in the 21st Century,” 9(2), 26 https://doi.org/10.3390/cli9020026.

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Figure 6-1: Simulated Future San Joaquin Watersheds – Runoff Exceedance Probabilities for the October-March and April-July Periods
Source: Figure 3 from He, M., Anderson, J., Lynn, E. and W. Arnold (2021) in Climate, “Projected Changes in Water Year Types and Hydrological Drought in California’s Central Valley in the 21st Century,” 9(2), 26, https://doi.org/10.3390/cli9020026.

As shown in Table 6-1, October-March precipitation is projected to increase in most models, with greater increases expected under the higher (versus lower) emission scenario. The compound effect of atmospheric warming, together with increases in precipitation, is to increase runoff during the OctoberMarch period, particularly under the higher emission scenario.

Model/Scenario Representative
Concentration
Pathways (RCP)
October-March
(mm)
April-July
(mm)
Total WY
(mm)
GCMs Historical 869 166 1,060
MIROC5
(compliment)
RCP 4.5 838 130 998
RCP 8.5 839 126 990
CNRM-CM5
(cool/wet)
RCP 4.5 1,127 151 1,317
RCP 8.5 1,138 149 1,325
CanESM2 (average) RCP 4.5 1,016 145 1,211
RCP 8.5 1,157 142 1,364
HadGEM2-ES
(warm/dry)
RCP 4.5 876 137 1,048
RCP 8.5 879 142 1,054
Table 6-1: Historical (1920–1999) and Future Simulated (2020–2099) Precipitation at Seasonal and Total WY
Source: Recreated from Table 2. The mean of historical (1920–1999) and projected (2020–2099) precipitation and temperature data at annual and seasonal scales from He, M., Anderson, J., Lynn, E. and W. Arnold (2021) in Climate, “Projected Changes in Water Year Types and Hydrological Drought in California’s Central Valley in the 21st Century,” 9(2), 26 https://doi.org/10.3390/cli9020026.

April-July runoff largely comes from snowmelt, as April 1st is typically deemed as the date when the snowpack is at its maximum. The projected warming in the wet season will likely lead to earlier snowpack maximums and melting, resulting in a smaller-than-usual snowpack on April 1st and, thus, less April-July runoff. This is particularly the case under the higher (versus lower) emission scenario where higher a b c
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warming is assumed. The April-July precipitation also contributes to runoff during this period. On average, all four GCMs project non-stationary decreases in the April-July precipitation under both emission scenarios.

From a practical standpoint, the findings of this study can inform decision-makers in long-term water resources planning strategies, some of which may not have previously received much attention. For example, study results indicate that wet season runoff is projected to increase in the San Joaquin River region in each of the four representative models used, but that this runoff would skew to the OctoberMarch period. This indicates greater (than the historical) flooding risk during a period where flood control is already an operational priority throughout the San Joaquin River valley and source area catchments in the Sierra Nevada. In light of this increased flooding risk, it appears imperative that water managers increase the resilience of the current water system to large, rapidly developing floods, in some cases, larger and more quickly forming than ever before to deal with this potential excess surge in floodwater.

An option to mitigate this increase in flood water is to divert it for recharge to groundwater. The potential benefits of groundwater recharge have already been discussed and include flood risk reduction, land subsidence mitigation, ecosystem enhancement, and drought preparedness, among others. Another option, one that has received little interest despite its hydrologic advantages, is to divert excess flood water to retention basins as managed storm- and floodwater storage for later consumptive use. This is detailed in Section 4.4.

A recent study of San Joaquin River valley watersheds demonstrated that the flow regimes downstream of hydropower facilities were likely to be increasingly altered by reservoir operations rather than by climate change. The observation of stepped and wider flow duration curves indicated an intermittent flow variation more conducive to managed reservoir operations. 61 In the complex hydro-water supply
operations that define Tri-Dams, New Melones, Goodwin and Stanislaus River operations, such future alterations in baseline hydrology have particular relevance to SSJID and each of its retail customers like the City.

A common theme among these various studies is the extent of uncertainties associated with the various assumptions for climate change models used in the analyses. Such uncertainty can impart considerable influence on simulated changes in WY classification and hydrological droughts.

6.1.2 Hydroclimatic Uncertainties
Reviewing a range of hydroclimatic models with varying conditions and assumptions helps in understanding the possible effects of climate change on our water supply. The importance of selecting the appropriate climate models that represent state-of-the-art climate science in this type of analysis cannot be overstated. Models are continually being improved; the DWR study discussed in the previous section utilized four priority climate models that were recommended in California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment, which was based on CMIP562 projections. While next generation CMIP663 projections are now available at increasingly improved spatial scales, their use is largely limited to the research 61 Maskey, M.L., Facincani Dourado, G., Rallings, A.M., Rheinheimer, D.E., Medellin-Azuara, J. and J.H. Viers (2022) in Front.

Environ. Sci., “Assessing Hydrological Alteration Caused by Climate Change and Reservoir Operations in the San Joaquin River Basin, California” https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.765426. 62 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5, https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip5/. 63 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6/.

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community. California’s next (fifth) climate change assessment is in its scoping phase and is expected to downscale and tailor CMIP6 projections for planning and management practices across the State.

Precipitation. While air temperature and other climatic variables at many scales drive the generation of precipitation and are important considerations in overall climate change investigation, for practical water resource management planners and water purveyors, precipitation is the key metric of concern.

One of the most challenging aspects of precipitation is accurately defining its inherent variability. This challenge makes it extremely difficult for water planners to discern what observable changes in trends are the result of climatic volatility brought about by contemporary climate change or are embedded as part of natural variability. The current efforts at attribution science, for example, where actuaries attempt to assign a numerical percentage to specific causation often result in highly questionable results.

A recent study incorporated the role of sea level pressure in critical oceanic regions on California winter precipitation in observations and CMIP6 simulations. It showed projected wetter end-of-century northern and central-southern California regions (mean precipitation increased by 20% and 25%, respectively) with much lower uncertainty ranges. Results confirmed increased precipitation at the end of 21st century compared to precipitation observations of recent decades. This study estimated precipitation could increase by as much as 1.5 to 6.8 inches over central-southern California by the end of the century compared with present-day. They go on to state that up to 71% of their modeling projection uncertainties were reduced mainly due to the strong and consistent causal relationship between North American west coast sea level pressure and California precipitation in both observations and CMIP6 models. 64 While such CMIP6-based investigations were presenting these rather precise and large estimates, the San Joaquin Region Report of California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment, 2018, showed a maximum change in average annual future precipitation of less than 0.5 inches for either Stanislaus or San Joaquin counties from now until the end of the century.
65 Accepting the significantly drier climate of San Joaquin County compared to many parts of southern California, this discussion is meant to show the high degree of uncertainty and variability that exists in hydroclimatic projections.

In another recent study in the southwestern U.S. using moisture budget analysis, results projected a decrease in spring precipitation but an increase in summer precipitation under a warming climate. The investigators noted that the spring dry period is caused by enhanced zonal drying advection and that, in contrast to the spring, the moisture gradient change and the wind convergence change both act to actually increase precipitation in summer.
66 These types of variations and differences in study results are not uncommon. This reflects the complexity of modeling methodologies and reinforces the importance and influence of choosing between a wide range of simulation assumptions.
64 Li, F., Zhu, Q., Riley, W.J., Yuan, K. Wu, H. and Z. Gui (2022) “Wetter California projected by CMIP6 models with observational constraints under a high GHG emission scenario”, Earth’s Future, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF002694. 65 San Joaquin Region Report, California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment, Table 5, page 23, 2018. 66 See W. Liang and M. Zhang (2022) “Increasing future precipitation in the southwestern US in the summer and its contrasting mechanism with decreasing precipitation in the spring” Geophysical Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096283.

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Figure 6-2: San Joaquin Precipitation: 5-Station Index for February 6, 2023 Source: California Department of Water Resources, Snow Surveys, Precipitation Indexes and Snow Course Summaries http://cdec.water.ca.gov/reportapp/javareports?name=PLOT_FSI.pdf Figure 6-2 shows the precipitation index for the San Joaquin source area watersheds in the Sierra Nevada to the Central Valley (this includes the source areas for the City). The index is a cumulative precipitation graphic showing the results for various past WYs (colored lines) and the historical average (lightly shaded blue band) representing the 1991-2020 average. The current year’s ongoing cumulative trace is shown in dark blue and on the date that this figure was obtained, February 6, 2023, the current precipitation total was 35.1 inches, representing approximately 165% of average for this date.

From Figure 6-2, it is easy to see the wide scatter in annual precipitation totals for San Joaquin’s five precipitation stations that make up this index. Annual precipitation ranges between 77.4 inches (in 1982- 83), the wettest WY on record, and 15.4 inches (in 1976-77). The San Joaquin 5-Station Index indicates a below average precipitation year for WY 2021-22 with a total of 25.3 inches, among the driest on record.

Current research into projecting California’s future precipitation continues in earnest. The State continues exploring a variety of hydrometric approaches including a number of blending approaches; using snowpack measurements from a wireless-sensor network, for example, in conjunction with gauge precipitation and atmospheric-moisture data to estimate mountain precipitation amount and phase.

Analysis of 60 precipitation events in WYs 2014-2017 has shown that the approach provides estimates of precipitation and orographic enhancement that reduce uncertainty from apparent snow under-catch by ATTACHMENT 2
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limited gauges. This approach also infers total precipitation based on snow measurements during rainon-snow events. 67 Snow. Actual snow measuring techniques are also improving. Recent studies have assessed historic snow patterns from extensive past records (1985- 2016) to reconstruct snow water equivalent (SWE) in order to better understand and help improve current simulations of snowfall and melt in the adjacent Sierra Nevada watersheds to the New Melones Reservoir source areas. 68 Work continues to explore how snow depth patterns are influenced including examining snow accumulation, snowmelt, snow sublimation, snow density, and variations in results between coarse spatial scale (e.g., 6 km) and smaller such as 25 meters. Repeatable snow depth patterns have been identified in many regions between years with similar meteorological characteristics. This suggests that snow patterns from previous years could adjust snow deposition in model space as a substitution for unmodeled snow processes.
69 The accuracy of existing Land Surface Model-based SWE outputs is limited and unclear by mixed factors such as uncertainties in the meteorological boundary conditions and the model physics. Results from a recent study show that the mean annual maximum Land Surface Model SWE can be considerably underestimated (e.g., by as much as 268 mm). The timing of peak SWE from these models can be as high as 36 days earlier than that of the observations. In one study, winter accumulated precipitation is underestimated and the model can generate different snowfall estimates by an average of well over 100 mm with the same source data and assumptions.
70 6.1.3 Bias in Precipitation Forecasting
Precipitation bias in forecasting remains a real challenge and its implications can be significant if the projections are overestimated.

Pacific Meridional Mode. While there is ample evidence to show that the Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) plays an important role in modulating the development of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), recent studies have examined the projected changes in the PMM and its impact on the ENSO under climatic shifting using the contemporary models of the CMIP6.

Modeling results confirm potential increases in both PMM amplitude and its impact on the ENSO under even conservative warming scenarios. Possible reasons for this strengthened relationship include the increased sensitivity to latent heat fluxes and wind speed under a warming climate as well as a slightly 67 Cui,G., Rice, R., Avanzi, F., Hartsough, P. Guo, W., Anderson, M., Conklin, M. and R. Bales (2022) “Precipitation estimates and orographic gradients using snow, temperature, and humidity measurements from a wireless-sensor network” WRR, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR029954.
68 Pflug, J.M., Margulis, S.A. and J.D. Lunquist (2022) “Inferring Watershed-scale Mean Snowfall Magnitude and Distribution Using Multidecadal Snow Reanalysis Patterns and Snow Pillow Observations”, Hydrological Processes, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14581.
69 Pflug, J.M., Huges, M. and J.D. Lundquist (2021) “Downscaling Snow Deposition Using Historic Snow Depth Patterns:

Diagnosing Limitations From Snowfall Biases, Winter Snow Losses, and Interannual Snow Pattern Repeatability”, Water Resources Research”, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR029999. 70 Cho, E., Vuyovich, C. M., Kumar, S. V., Wrzesien, M. L., Kim, R. and Jacobs, J. M. (2022) “Precipitation Biases and Snow Physics Limitations Drive the Uncertainties in Macroscale Modeled Snow Water Equivalent”, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-136.

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intensified response of atmospheric convection to sea surface temperature anomalies in the subtropical Pacific.

These models can properly reproduce the characteristics of PMM patterns but reveal discrepant PMMENSO relationships owing to different Wind-Evaporation-Sea-Surface Temperature (SST) (WES) feedback efficiency and different magnitude of atmospheric convection response to SST anomalies. Results show potential increases in both PMM amplitude and its impact on the ENSO under the SSP58571 warming scenario with great inter-model consensus.

Diagnosis of the WES feedback indicates increasing sensitivity of latent heat flux to zonal wind speed in a warming climate, which seems to be the main reason for the projected strengthening PMM and its impact on the ENSO. In addition, a slightly intensified response of atmospheric convection to SST anomalies in the subtropical Pacific may partially contribute to a stronger PMM-ENSO relationship. The results from these kinds of studies highlight the increasing importance of the PMM for ENSO development, which calls for more attention to be paid to the PMM for ENSO prediction. 72 Precipitation Variability. There also exists countervailing evidence precipitation in the U.S. has increased since 1990 with substantial seasonal and regional variation, although it is generally accepted that any such trends are highly variable in both space and time. For the western U.S., it is generally agreed that winter precipitation anomalies are strongly affected by the ENSO cycle and the PDO phase. In particular, the shift between dry and wet periods is tied to the phase change of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation, as has been observed in many studies.
73 Overall, prediction capabilities have and continue to improve. Land surface models (LSMs) and global hydrological models (GHM) in simulating river discharge is strongly influenced by the model structure, input data and spatial resolution. Differences in evapotranspiration (ET) estimates from the different ET products may be attributed to model structure and the input data used in driving the models. 74 While
machine learning techniques have not been fully explored for improving tropical cyclone movement and intensity changes, advanced machine learning techniques combined with routinely available information can be used to improve 24-hr tropical cyclone forecasts efficiently. In fact, new machine learning frameworks for tracking tropical cyclones throughout the north Atlantic and eastern Pacific basins, such 71 SSP585 (more accurately, SSP5-8.5 represents the high end of the range of future emission pathways, corresponding to RCP8.5 – and refers to an additional radiative forcing of 8.5W/m2 by the year 2100). 72 Fan, H., Yang, S., Wang, C., Wu, Y. and G. Zhang (2022) “Strengthening amplitude and impact of the Pacific Meridional Mode on ENSO in the warming climate depicted by CMIP6 models”, Journal of Climate, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0683.1. 73 Melillo, J. M., Richmond, T. C., and Yohe, G. W.: Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment, US Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, 841 pp., https://doi.org/10.7930/J0Z31WJ2, 2014.

Gutzler, D. S., Kann, D. M., and Thornbrugh, C.: Modulation of ENSO-based long-lead outlooks of southwestern US winter precipitation by the Pacific decadal oscillation, Weather Forecast., 17, 1163–1172, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520- 0434(2002)017<1163:MOEBLL>2.0.CO;2, 2002. Dai, A.: The influence of the inter-decadal Pacific oscillation on US precipitation during 1923–2010, Clim. Dynam., 41, 633–646, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1446-5, 2013. Deser, C., Phillips, A. S., and Hurrell, J. W.: Pacific interdecadal climate variability: Linkages between the tropics and the North Pacific during boreal winter since 1900, J. Climate, 17, 3109–3124, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3109:PICVLB>2.0.CO;2, 2004. 74 Nkiaka, E., Bryant, R. G., Ntalja, J., and Biao, E. (2022) “How useful are gridded water resources reanalysis and evapotranspiration products for assessing water security in ungauged basins?” Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-185.

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as the multi-modal “Hurricast”75 show that they can achieve comparable mean absolute error and skill to current operational forecast models while computing in seconds.

The value of long-range forecasts, more commonly known as seasonal forecasts, as fundamental climatic information cannot be overemphasized. Such forecasts are invaluable in predicting monthly and seasonal anomalies or deviations from expected climatological conditions, rather than providing specific information on the daily weather patterns.
76 Their importance is often overlooked. For the City, knowing at least in general terms, the projected climatic risks involved in maintaining a firm SSJID surface water allocation in the highly sensitive central Sierra Nevada is prudent.

6.2 Surface Water Storage Dilemma
A close examination of Figure 6-3 reveals a truism about California hydroclimatology, namely, that annual and inter-seasonal precipitation is highly variable.

Figure 6-3: 50-Year Historical Precipitation and Cumulative Departure from Mean Precipitation for the San Joaquin Valley
Source: Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Authority, Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Subbasin, “Groundwater Sustainability Plan”, Figure 2-77, November 2019, page 2-117. 75 Boussioux, L., Zeng, C., Guénais, T. and D. Bertsimas (2022) “Hurricane Forecasting: A Novel Multimodal Machine Learning Framework”, Weather and Forecasting, pp. 817-831, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-21-0091.1. 76 Bojovic, D., Nicodemou, A., St.Clair, A.L. et al. Exploring the landscape of seasonal forecast provision by Global Producing Centres. Climatic Change 172, 8 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-022-03350-x.

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From a water resources management perspective, what this means is that, like any seasonal semi-arid region (e.g., Mediterranean climate), water operations must closely follow the seasons, but always operate several months ahead.

California water resource management must plan for the predicted climate changes ahead. For example, the Central Valley, coastal regions, and southlands regularly experience massive flooding during epic Atmospheric River events in the mid-winter rainy season, only to then increasingly ratchet back water use in the spring and summer as reservoir carryover storage continuesto dwindle. In many cases, this evolves into not so much a drought reaction; but rather, simply water mismanagement.

But California is not water short. It has always been challenged by timely water storage and allocation; and for all intents and purposes, it does not have a precipitation problem. Water regulatory agencies at both the federal and State levels know this all too well. This issue and its implications to water resources management planning and strategies has been continually discussed in many forums across the country. 77 Surface water storage in the Central Valley relies primarily on a series of terminal or “rim” reservoirs in the various flanking valleys of the western Sierra Nevada foothills. Many of the larger reservoirs within the State and along this “rim” make up both the federal (CVP) and State (SWP) water projects. As noted previously, New Melones Reservoir in the Stanislaus River catchment is the source water supply for SSJID and, by agreement, the City, through seasonal water releases to Tulloch, Goodwin, and Woodward reservoirs. New Melones as a primary federal facility and the 4th largest public reservoir in California is obligated under Section 7 of the federal Flood Control Act of 1944 to function under operational rule curves developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and implemented by the USBR.

Since all reservoirs have a maximum storage capacity less than the unimpaired yield of the draining watersheds above it, careful management of storage volumes/water levels is necessary to ensure that all primary functions of the facility are adequately accommodated. These include flood control, water supply, hydropower generation, instream flow releases, and recreational flows. This operational balancing act is further challenged by the fact that these reservoirs are operating in a Mediterranean, semi-arid climate where the annual rainy season is limited to four or five winter and spring months.

Figure 6-4 shows a schematic of one federal facility, Folsom Reservoir, illustrating the top of the variable seasonal rule curve and its periods of “spill” and “fill.” New Melones Reservoir operates under a similar rule curve, designed specifically for its storage volume, upper catchment unimpaired runoff (e.g., basin yield), and planned reservoir operations. As we have discussed previously, terminal or “rim” reservoirs in the Sierra Nevada need to delicately balance anticipated annual/seasonal hydrology78 since the rainy/snowmelt season only lasts for a few months.
77 Shibatani, R. (2013) “A Roadmap for Increasing Our Water and Hydropower Supplies: The Need for New and Expanded MultiPurpose Surface Storage Facilities”, Key Witness testimony to U.S. House Subcommittee on Water and Power, Oversight Hearing, Longworth House Office Building, D.C., October 29, 2013.

Shibatani, R. (2015) “California’s Self-Imposed Drought: When Hydrology and Operations Clash”, 30th California Water Law & Policy Conference, San Francisco, June 2015.

Shibatani, R. (2013) “Climate Change and Water: Ongoing Opportunities for Regulatory Discretion”, 28th California Water Law & Policy Conference, San Francisco, April 2013.
78 Patterson, N.K., Lane, B.A., Sandoval-Solis, S., Persad, G.G. and J.P. Ortiz-Partida (2022) “Projected effects of temperature and precipitation variability change on streamflow patterns using a functional flows approach”, Earth’s Future, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002631.

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Figure 6-4: Schematic of Folsom Reservoir showing Operating Rule Curve and Seasonal Spill/Fill Thresholds
Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Under current operations, winter rainfall-runoff and spring snowmelt into Sierra Nevada reservoirs is generally held in storage except for minimum downstream flow requirements, Delta inflow and outflow requirements to meet water quality standards, and minimum flow specifications for endangered fish in federal Biological Opinions under federal endangered species legislation. If reservoir water levels rise above the operating level79 for that time of year, the reservoir is said to be “encroached” (e.g., water levels are encroaching upon the flood reservation space or empty space reserved for that reservoir).

When that occurs, reservoir operators “spill” water.

Normally, with careful operation, such spills are avoided and given California’s water-sensitive environment, they are frowned upon, some considering them tantamount to water wastage. In some sense, such criticism has merit; for spilling or wasting water in winter only to then end up imposing water restrictions only a few months later is not prudent water management. While spills are not the norm, they do occur. In recent years, Folsom Reservoir spilled over 300,000 AF in one flood season, a surprising occurrence given that the quantity represented almost one-third of the entire reservoir’s storage capacity and was more than the total annual water demands for a half dozen cities in the reservoir’s supply-shed.

In the 2021-2022 WY, we closely monitored all CVP/SWP reservoirs through the October 15 March 15 flood season. No appreciable “spills” were observed for any of the monitored reservoirs. 79 Operating levels for CVP reservoirs are set by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers under Section 7 requirements of the Flood Control Act of 1944 and implemented by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation operators.

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Figure 6-5 below shows the WY 2015-2016 flows for the Stanislaus River. The blue line (natural events) are the unimpaired flows. Spring snowmelt (captured as natural flow) is retained as storage within New Melones Reservoir except for prescribed irrigation releases and salmon migration flows (orange line – reservoir releases to lower Stanislaus River).

Figure 6-5: Stanislaus River Flows WY 2016 Natural Flow and Prescribed Releases Source: DWR CDEC Unpublished Data

6.2.1 Reservoir Management
As a multi-purpose system, CVP reservoirs are intended to cater to several beneficial uses. During the flood control season, however, flood operations have top priority. This means that operators must not only consider current reservoir water levels and the forecasted rainstorms that may be approaching, but also the moisture conditions of the upper Stanislaus River watershed, the storage status of the Tri-Dam reservoirs, and the depth and SWE of the upper basin snowpack. Depending on all of that information, decisions are made to make releases from New Melones Reservoir (or not). Sometimes those decisions prove to be the right ones, sometimes they do not.

Should pre-emptive releases be made in anticipation of an approaching storm (or Atmospheric River80 event) and the storm does not materialize, as has happened on numerous occasions, reservoir operators 80 An Atmospheric River or AR is long, narrow, and transient corridor of strong horizontal water vapor transport that is typically associated with a low-level jet stream ahead of the cold front of an extratropical cyclone. They are 250 to 375 miles wide and can more than 1,000 miles long. Up to 50% of California’s annual precipitation can come from ARs and they are known to bring enough water to a region to effectively end a prolonged drought. In 1861 for example, an AR hit central California on Christmas Eve and lasted some 43-days.

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and their authorizing agencies often must endure considerable criticism for allegedly wasting valuable storage water. If, on the other hand, operators do not give such warnings due consideration, the results can be several times worse, with a breached dam.

Sometimes reservoir operators try and play a “hedging” game and wait until the very last minute to make a decision; this happens less often than it used to and because New Melones Reservoir is a major CVP facility, it is overseen and managed by the Central Valley Operations Center. Variances – allowable encroachments into a reservoir’s flood reservation space during the flood season – are not taken lightly and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers very grudgingly allows for these.

The precarious nature of reservoir storage operations, including those of New Melones Reservoir, drive the need for two continual improvements: improved hydroclimatic forecasting (meaning more advanced hydrometric instrumentation) and additional reservoir storage (whether at existing reservoirs or new site locations).

California Reservoir Volume
The answer lies in the history of the California’s reservoir system and, in particular, the CVP and Tri-Dams Project. New Melones Reservoir is one of the newer federal facilities completed in 1979 even though an original New Melones pre-dated that by over half-a-century. In fact, the original New Melones was providing irrigation water to both SSJID and OID in the late 20s and 30s during the heart of the Great Depression.
81 The original plans for all reservoirs, however, significantly pre-date their ultimate completion. The plans for the Tri-Dams Project for example were drawn up in the 1930s and took many years to complete.

Donnells Reservoir wasn’t completed until 1958.

It is no secret that California’s entire reservoir system is outdated. They were conceived, sized, and designed with a 1920s-30s mindset. Our collective knowledge of Sierra Nevada hydrology may have been fine for that time, but the historical records were not extensive enough for proper trending and forecasting. At most, design engineers and hydrologists had 30 to 40-years of records, most of low quality, from which to properly size and design reservoirs that are now being asked to attend to challenges 100- years later.

6.2.2 Hydroclimate and Storage
Today we must face the reality of a forcibly changing hydroclimatic baseline. The hydrologic records and characterization of the Stanislaus River basin that we thought we understood and from which engineers based the design of current reservoirs; we now discover must operate under a rapidly changing hydroclimate. The existing facilities, particularly, the dams/reservoirs were designed based on assumptions that are now growing increasingly outdated.

One of the most challenging aspects of a rapidly shifting hydroclimate is the extent to which extremes are emerging. In fact, it’s this “weather whiplash” that has become a diagnostic feature of California’s weather. For example, while the State experienced extended drought period between 2012-2016 only to then be confronted by one of the wettest years on record in 2017 (e.g., accumulated precipitation in the 81 Escalon Times, “Tri-Dams Project Delivers Water and Electricity”, D. Wyatt, September 7, 2016.

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northern part of the State was 200% of normal by the end of February). This transition between extremes has become an operational and planning ordeal for many San Joaquin Valley water users.

The State acknowledges that “…when managed appropriately, floods can bring beneficial impacts, including enhanced ecosystems, increased future water supply, and improved water quality.” The problem is that at least insofar as water supply enhancement is concerned there has been little if any progress towards using storm- or floodwater as a legitimate long-term alternative water supply. This is an annually consistent, unregulated, clean and free water supply without any institutional or regulatory curtailment risks that the City can control if it so chose.

From a cost perspective, integrating flood control operations into water supply makes sense, particularly given the amount of money California has and continues to spend on strict flood control efforts. Estimates suggest that in the San Joaquin River region alone, some 540,000 Californians reside in flood prone (e.g., 500-year flood) areas, along with infrastructure and crops valued at $40 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively.
82 Combining flood control and water supply efforts would be both beneficial and cost effective.

6.3 Regulatory Impositions – Surface Water Operations
Contemporary challenges are not simply restricted to a lack of reservoir storage space. How that storage space is used, allocated, and ultimately depleted is just as important an issue. The storage pool in New Melones Reservoir is a very enticing water resource asset to the federal government and State regulators.

In fact, as the third-largest federal reservoir in the CVP, at 2.42 MAF, and given its location in the San Joaquin River watershed, New Melones Reservoir is the largest facility that can provide substantive pulse flows to the San Joaquin River. Considerable attention has been focused on the Stanislaus River in this context.

It is important to note that while the City does not abut the Stanislaus River, make any direct diversions from the river, or hold entitlement to any rights on the river system, it remains reliant on surface water supplies from SSJID which is derived from the CVP Stanislaus River system; therefore, any foreseeable or realized changes to, or impingements to this water supply, for whatever regulatory reason, can and will affect the City.

Water-related projects involving the upper Stanislaus River (e.g., Tri-Dams watersheds), New Melones Reservoir, Tulloch or Goodwin reservoirs (all CVP facilities), or the downstream reaches of the Stanislaus River to the San Joaquin River, Vernalis, and Mossdale require approval from the USBR. Thus the intertied relationship between SSJID, OID, the City, and the USBR, must be considered in evaluating water supply sustainability.

6.3.1 Releases pertaining to Biological and Environmental Objectives Federal endangered species legislation has not exempted any of the San Joaquin River mainstem tributaries from the many established regulatory commitments regardless of their relative annual yield contributions to the Delta. This obligation includes the hydrology of the Stanislaus River. 82 LAO (2017) “Managing Floods in California”, Figure 3, p. 8, March 22, 2017.

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A multi-agency collaborative partnership was formed in 2019 to define a “vision of conservation success” (i.e., attainment of native salmonid population goals and objectives) for three of the Stanislaus River’s native fish populations: fall-run Chinook salmon, spring-run Chinook salmon, and O. mykiss (both resident and migratory forms). It developed an approach called the Scientific Evaluation Process (SEP) to describe their vision of conservation success and articulate specific outcomes that are grounded in the best available science.
83 In Figure 6-6, adult fall-run chinook salmon production in the Stanislaus River from 1952-2019 is shown.

The 1992-2015 “fish doubling” period identified in the Anadromous Fish Restoration Program (AFRP) of the CVPIA was consistently below the AFRP target line of 22,000 adult salmon.

The Conservation Plan includes many details regarding biological objectives, migratory objectives, genetic objectives, diversity and productivity objectives, along with guidance on idealized river flow, temperature, sediment size, and dissolved oxygen objectives for various life-stages; these are not replicated here. 84 Figure 6-6: Estimated Yearly Natural Production of Adult Fall-Run Chinook Salmon in the Stanislaus River
Source: Conservation Planning Foundation for Restoring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) and O. mykiss in the Stanislaus River, Anchor QEA, LLC, April 2019, page 4. Figure is modified from USFWS Chinook prod doubling goal graphs available at
https://www.fws.gov/lodi/anadromous_fish_restoration/documents/Doubling_goal_graphs_063016.pdf 83 Conservation Planning Foundation for Restoring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) and O. mykiss in the Stanislaus River, Anchor QEA, LLC, April, 2019.
84 Please see, Conservation Planning Foundation for Restoring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) and O. mykiss in the Stanislaus River, Anchor QEA, LLC, page 4, April, 2019.

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Figure 6-7: Key Dams Along the Stanislaus River
Source: Conservation Planning Foundation for Restoring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) and O. mykiss in the Stanislaus River, April, 2019,Anchor QEA, LLC, page 11.

Figure 6-7 identifies the locations of key dams along the lower Stanislaus River having relevance to the various mitigation measures and fishery-actions proposed in the Conservation Plan.

Success metrics have been developed for various life stages for specific target locations along the Stanislaus River; whether it’s egg survival to Caswell Dam, to Vernalis, to Chipps Island in the Delta, eggfry survival at the Oakdale Rotary Screw Traps, or smolt out-migrant numbers from the Mossdale trawls.

The SEP Group established a logic chain for development of the Biological and Environmental Objectives for Chinook salmon and O. mykiss in the Stanislaus River and for identifying, ranking, and prioritizing stressors that prevent attainment of goals and objectives(see Figure 6-8).

The SEP Group process, while complex, is no more complicated or onerous than the federal Endangered Species Act consultative process (e.g., Biological Opinions, associated Reasonable and Prudent Alternatives and any Terms and Conditions tied to authorized Incidental Take Permits), SWRCB Bay-Delta water quality control objectives (D-1641), USBR’s Long-term Operations of the CVP and SWP, their final CVP Operations Criteria and Plan (OCAP), as well as the various evolved operational plans for New Melones Reservoir.

In 2021, for example, an unseasonably dry March and lack of sufficient water supplies prohibited the districts from releasing “pulse flows” into the Stanislaus River for the benefit of outmigrating salmon, and also much needed water to downstream farms and communities in the San Joaquin Valley laboring under then increasingly onerous water short conditions. The plan would have sent up to 100,000 AF down the river.
85 Despite the SSJID and OID historic rights to water storage in New Melones Reservoir, the USBR did not allow the requested pulse flows.
85 U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (2021), “Oakdale Irrigation District and South San Joaquin Irrigation District Reservoir Water Transfer”, Draft Environmental Assessment, page 2-1 to 2-3, August 2021, California Great Basin - Interior Region 10 CGB-EA2021-48.

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Figure 6-8: Endangered Fish Species Scientific Evaluation Process Chain for the Stanislaus River Source: Conservation Planning Foundation for Restoring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) and O. mykiss in the Stanislaus River, April 2019,Anchor QEA, LLC, page 14.

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The Stanislaus Watershed Team (SWT) consists of multiple agency representatives and local stakeholders who discuss implementation of reasonable and prudent measures related to the Stanislaus River. The Team meets regularly, usually on a monthly basis, to share operational information and discuss implementation of the New Melones Stepped Release Plan. The SWT also provides input on shaping and timing of monthly or seasonal flow volumes to optimize benefits to salmon and steelhead.

This Stanislaus Stepped Release Plan (SRP) – WY 2022 Operations Plan (January 2022 Flows)86 details the USBR’s plan for operations to meet WY 2022 winter instability flow (WIF) requirements for January 2022.

This Operations Plan (January 2022 Flows) incorporates feedback from the SWT who discussed a WY 2022 WIF proposal on January 19, 2022, and earlier on December 15, 2021. February 2022 WIF requirements were to be addressed in a separate Operations Plan.

6.3.2 New Melones Reservoir Operations and related Surface Water Transfers The USBR has been revising the operating plan for New Melones Reservoir for many years. The New Melones Revised Plan of Operation (NMRPO) will replace the Interim Plan of Operations (IPO) and will redefine how New Melones Reservoir will ultimately be operated to meet regulatory commitments and demands for use of CVP water supplies from the Stanislaus River.

In addition to existing demands for CVP water supplies, ongoing and newly authorized projects and programs are underway that may change regulatory requirements of the CVP and resulting demands on New Melones Reservoir. The NMRPO process will consider actions, regulations, and decisions that may affect the operations of New Melones Reservoir, as well as incorporate the best available science with regard to water quality and fishery flow objectives.

The City needs to stay abreast of regional agency surface water transfers, particularly in water-short years like 2021 and 2022. To be sure, SSJID and OID already know of these potential threats as notable water right entitlement holders and active water wholesalers that rely on the operations of the New Melones Reservoir and Stanislaus River system, the third largest federal water storage facility in California.

The Warren Act of 1911 gives the USBR the federal “trigger” to invoke all federal laws and requirements on any water-related action involving federal facilities. This Act has prevented proposed water projects involving the use of federal facilities for many California water users along with other regulatory Acts such as the Endangered Species Act, Fish & Wildlife Coordination Act, Power Act, Flood Control Act, Reclamation Act, Clean Water Act, etc.

The most senior pre-1914 water right in the State has no legal means of circumventing the seemingly vast array of federal laws and regulations, if federal facilities are to be used by these water right holders. 87 Once a proposed action, a water transfer by third parties for example is requested, even if a proponent retains all legal rights to the water, the USBR as the federal lead agency has the authority to comply with all applicable federal legislation and thus impose all relevant environmental studies, permitting, negotiations, and regulatory compliance. These processes often take a considerable amount of time to complete and therefore can extensively delay or effectively deny proposed actions. 86 U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (2022), “Stanislaus Stepped Release Plan – Water Year 2022 Winter Instability Flows Operations Plan (January 2022 Flows)”, January 28, 2022.
87 Usage of a federal water facility can mean storage of water (for 30-days or longer) or operational prescriptions requiring U.S.

Bureau of Reclamation operators to make discretionary actions.

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The reasons for focusing so extensively on the seemingly complex involvement between SSJID, OID, and the USBR is to illustrate the enormous control the federal government has on water system infrastructure whenever federal facilities (e.g., New Melones Reservoir) are involved. To the extent the City finds itself reliant, as a retail customer of SSJID on water supplies generated and managed in New Melones Reservoir, the many regulatory constraints imposed on SSJID possesses genuine relevance.

A complete discussion of the various legislative, regulatory, and policy changes that have and continue to affect the City’s current and anticipated future water operations in contained in accompanying TM No. 5.

6.4 Groundwater Challenges for the City
One of the significant future water supply issues facing the City relates to groundwater due to the highly contested, yield limiting, and regulatory sensitive region where long-term aquifer declines have been chronic. This is a common issue among contemporary Valley water purveyors.

Specifically, in the future context, it may be unclear how groundwater will be affected by an uncertain and continually shifting landscape; hydrologically, regulatorily, and demographically. However, the effect of climate change is but only one of several complex issues the City must consider regarding its future water supply. And although climate change might seemingly appear removed from any groundwater concern, it is inexorably linked to groundwater. For groundwater can only be recharged (naturally or artificially) by water ultimately provided by our hydroclimate.

For most individual groundwater users in California and, specifically, in the San Joaquin Valley, whether a water agency, irrigation district, commercial agricultural conglomerate, or individual farmer, there are challenges to unifying on safe yield governance due to the complexity and the number of stakeholders involved. But it is recognized that groundwater use in the San Joaquin Valley is not going away anytime soon.

The reasons for these challenges are twofold and compelling: 1) an individual water user does not have unilateral control over an underlying aquifer and 2) the groundwater versus surface water storage principle will always favor surface water because it accumulates via gravity whereas groundwater can only accumulate under vertical hydraulic conductivity rates in zones of positive pore water pressure (at or below the piezometric surface). In other words, surface water storage for marketable extraction/abstraction is physically straightforward; all gradients are subject to atmospheric pressure and can be quickly projected. Groundwater, on the other hand, operates under piezometric pressure; therefore appropriate hydraulic gradients and potentiometric surfaces must be established before groundwater movement can be projected. And regional hydraulic gradients or potentiometric surfaces show no regard to surface topography.

According to the American Geophysical Union (AGU), under a best-case scenario where drought years are followed by consecutive wet years with above-average precipitation, there is a high probability it would take six to eight years to fully recover overdrafted water, which occurs when more groundwater is pumped out than is supplied through all sources like precipitation, irrigation and runoff. However, this best-case scenario where California has six to eight consecutive wet years is not likely because of the ATTACHMENT 2
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state's increasingly hot and dry climate. Under a more likely, drier climate, there is less than a 20% chance of full overdraft recovery over a 20-year period following a drought.88 The AGU is saying that given the likely expectations of a drier climate in the immediate future, California has a less than 1 in 5 chance of achieving groundwater overdraft recovery over the 20-year period following a drought. This implies that full groundwater recovery is generally unlikely.

The following groundwater related issues have been identified by the USGS over a decade ago having specific relevance to climate change:
89 • Recharge, discharge, and change in storage response to climate variability on interannual to multidecadal timescales and climate change from human activities in the principal aquifers of the United States.
• Identifying how much hydrologic response is caused by natural variability and how much is caused by human activities with respect to future climate change. • Identifying potential need for time-varying groundwater management strategies, such as artificial storage and recovery efforts due to climate variability. • Identifying whether certain principal aquifers are more or less susceptible to changes in storage caused by climate variability and change.
• Identifying whether trends in groundwater quality can be linked to climate variability and change. • Identifying what strategic role groundwater storage will play in adapting to climate change.

Each of these issues is relevant to the City, some more so than others.

Issues related to climate change, valley-wide groundwater adjudication, and surface water-groundwater regulatory integration, are and will remain pertinent to the City for years to come. Ongoing monitoring of groundwater levels within the City’s corporate boundary will continue to provide useful baseline data to further the City’s involvement in SGMA.

The SGMA GSPs use groundwater level minimum thresholds, measurable objectives, and interim milestones to address groundwater sustainability indicators for representative groundwater monitoring wells. These indicators are generally acknowledged “undesirable effects” and include the following:
• Lowering groundwater levels
• Reduction of groundwater storage
• Seawater intrusion
• Degraded groundwater quality
• Land subsidence
• Depletion of connected surface water
88 American Geophysical Union, “Groundwater in California's Central Valley may be unable to recover from past and future droughts,” November 18, 2021.
89USGS Office of Global Change, Effects of Climate Variability and Change on Groundwater Resources of the United States, Fact Sheet 2009-3074, September 2009.

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Figure 6-9: Hydrograph for Representative Monitoring Well – Manteca 18 Source: Eastern San Joaquin County Groundwater Subbasin, Water Year 2021 Annual Report, APPENDIX B – REPRESENTATIVE MONITORING NETWORK WELL HYDROGRAPHS, March 2022, page B-5.

Figure 6-9 shows the groundwater level hydrograph for the City Representative Monitoring Well (see Figure 4-12 for location), known as “Manteca 18,” from 1990 to present day.

The GSP uses groundwater level minimum thresholds, measurable objectives, and interim milestones as a proxy for the reduction in groundwater storage sustainability indicator. 90 Of the six sustainability
indicators addressed in the Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Subbasin, chronic lowering of groundwater levels is the driver for sustainable groundwater management. Measurable objectives, minimum thresholds, and interim milestones were developed for each of the identified representative wells. The method prescribed by SGMA to measure undesirable results and achieve the sustainability goal involves setting minimum thresholds and measurable objectives for a series of representative monitoring sites (e.g., “Manteca 18” as noted above). These representative sites are a subset of the monitoring network developed as part of the GSP.

A major challenge to not only the entire SGMA process but also to individual groundwater purveyor interests in the San Joaquin Valley has to do with groundwater “rights.” At present, legal adjudication of all groundwater within the region is not being pursued. However, that decision by the State may need to be reconsidered to facilitate a more effective long-term groundwater solution. 90 Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Subbasin Groundwater Sustainability Plan, Water Year 2021 Annual Report, Groundwater Management Activities and Milestones, page 2-13, March 2022.

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The SGMA process allows for the reliance on a “common pool” approach to non-allocated GSA groundwater yield. In other words, components of the hydrologic groundwater budget that are not used in the operational budget of a GSA are considered to be in a “common pool.” Portions of the common pool account can be allocated to various entities within the basin based on a water accounting framework.

Such frameworks are to be developed in a collaborative manner.

The common pool account includes those resources that may be shared across the larger region such as stream/river seepage, boundary inflow and outflow (from the foothills, neighboring subbasins, and/or the Delta). The common pool account also includes a portion of the carriage recharge that cannot be entirely claimed by actions taken by a GSA.

Common Pool Example. The concept of “common pool” groundwater resources is gaining interest in several jurisdictions. In semi-arid northeastern rural Brazil, 91 for example, water managers are seeking
alternative means of governing a rapidly declining resource. The challenge is almost always the same regardless of locale; first, getting groundwater users to first realize that there is a problem (e.g., declining water tables); second, to acknowledge that rampant, uncontrolled, and unregulated abstractions (withdrawals) will have cumulative irreparable adverse impacts; and third, that short of any rigorous regulatory solution, a community understanding and willingness to commit to a local governance scheme based on trust and a common goal may represent the only workable and mutually advantageous solution.

The old farmer/rancher mindset of having the highest horsepower pump to simply out-pump your neighbor may becoming less and less popular. Some hydrogeologists of the past would refer to this as the “battle of the cones.”92
In the Brazilian example, the common pool scheme is intended to increase the perceived likelihood of collective well management and individual water conservation. Their initial findings have shown that such features (e.g., stakeholder engagement, social sanctions for overuse, rules and penalties, program payments, and the monitoring and dissemination of conditions to users) can serve as compliments or substitutes for rules.

Groundwater trading, in whatever form ultimately evolves in future years, could ease the economic disruption of probable pumping curtailments for individual groundwater users; growers who have less need for pumping could sell their allocation to others willing to pay for it, helping buyers keep their operations functional while compensating sellers.

6.5 Additional Considerations
As water supply comes under threat, water quality and land subsidence also become points of concern as described below.
91 Copperman, A., McLarty, A.R. and B. Seim (2022) “Drivers of successful common-pool resource management: A conjoint experiment on groundwater management in Brazil” Global Environmental Change, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102512Get rights and content. 92The ‘battle of the cones” was a groundwater pumping fight between adjacent landowners where each would try and install a higher horsepower wellhead pump to create a larger localized drawdown zone or “cone of depression”. The idea being that the flow path of subsurface water follows the potentiometric surface and will flow to the low point (i.e., the point of lowest elevational head or highest negative pressure head).

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6.5.1 Water Quality
As a water purveyor, the City is required to comply with the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The SDWA was originally passed by Congress in 1974 to protect public health by regulating the nation’s public drinking water supply. The law authorizes the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) to set national health-based standards for drinking water to protect against both naturally-occurring and man-made contaminants that may be found in drinking water.

Compliance with groundwater quality standards is increasingly more challenging for water purveyors, particularly in the Central Valley, for two primary reasons: 1) As a result of continually declining water levels, poor quality water has been steadily migrating east along a 16-mile front on the east side of the Delta93 and 2) The implementation of more stringent water quality requirements associated with new data and improved technology.

The City provides treatment for naturally occurring constituents that have been long known to cause adverse health effects, specifically arsenic94, as well constituents that have emerged in more recent years due to contamination of the water supply aquifers, specifically 1,2,3,-Trichloropropane (1,2,3 - TCP). The City has spent, and continues to spend, millions of dollars on advanced treatment technologies to ensure that the City’s drinking water supply is safe for the community.

Continued degradation of local drinking water aquifers and the regulation of new constituents that are threatening to impair water quality will continue to increase the cost to water purveyors to provide safe drinking water throughout the Central Valley, potentially reducing the availability of groundwater.

6.5.2 Land Subsidence
While there has not been a land subsidence study undertaken locally, there’s been a plethora of evidence generated over the decades, some with dramatic photographs showing the extent to which land surfaces across the San Joaquin Valley have demonstrated subsidence, which occurs when groundwater levels decline and the land is compacted where water is displaced. Since the 1920s, excessive pumping of groundwater at thousands of wells has caused land to subside, or sink, by as much as 8.5 meters (28 feet) in some sections of the valley.
95 If groundwater levels continue to decrease, subsidence will continue to occur. As there is no data for the City directly, the regional data is presented below to understand the range of subsidence levels that are possibly occurring within the City.

Historical Regional Data. By 1970, land subsidence had occurred more than one foot across half of the San Joaquin Valley, or about 5,200 square miles, and locally, some areas had subsided by as much as 28 feet. Reduced surface-water availability during 1976-77, 1986-92, 2007-09, and 2012-2015 caused groundwater pumping to rise across the San Joaquin Valley, thus exacerbating declines in groundwater levels to near or beyond historic lows, and renewed aquifer compaction. 96 The resulting land subsidence
93 California Department of Water Resources, (1967) “San Joaquin County Groundwater Investigation – Bulletin 146.” 94 The SWRCB hosts the Drinking Water Watch web portal to allow the public to view public water systems (PWS) location, facilities, sources, and samples. The data on the web portal is sourced from US EPA database Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) as well as the drinking water quality results submitted by laboratories. https://sdwis.waterboards.ca.gov/PDWW/
95 NASA Earth Observatory, “San Joaquin Valley is Still Sinking”, May 7, 2015 - September 10, 2016. 96 Faunt, C.C., Sneed, M., Traum, J. et al. (2016) “Water availability and land subsidence in the Central Valley, California, USA” Hydrogeol J 24, 675–684 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1339-x.

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has reduced the freeboard and flow capacity of the Delta-Mendota Canal as well as the California Aqueduct and other canals that convey floodwater and deliver irrigation water, thus requiring expensive repairs.
97 Studies on land subsidence, particularly with the ongoing work of SGMA, have continued.

Earlier this year for example, DWR released new satellite-based data that, together with its intensified statewide subsidence monitoring efforts showed that land subsidence continues and that the San Joaquin Valley experienced the most subsidence in WY 2021, with a maximum of 1.1 feet of subsidence observed in the region.

Data show that in WY 2021, land subsidence greater than 0.5 feet per year expanded to more areas than was observed in WY 2020. However, fewer areas experienced higher rates of subsidence than at the end of the last drought in 2016.

Available Data Sources. Although there has not been a subsidence study at the City scale, there is information available on a larger subbasin scale. The subsidence data can be found on the CNRA Open Data website98 and DWR’s California’s Groundwater Live. 99 For additional information about DWR’s
available data and tools, visit the Data and Tools website. 100
While our understanding of the recent subsidence has been hindered by the absence of a comprehensive monitoring network, water managers now have available geodetic data from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) satellites. InSAR has been applied to create maps displaying subsidence in the San Joaquin Valley during several time windows between 2002 and present day; the resulting images of the sinking of land in the Valley are a compelling reminder of the urgent need for sustainable groundwater management.
101
However, InSAR observations have two significant limitations: 1) they provide measurements of total subsidence but contain no direct information about the specific depth intervals over which compaction is occurring and 2) they provide no detailed information about subsidence outside of the relatively short periods for which high-quality data are available, which are the 2007-10 and 2015-present time periods. 102
The first limitation is particularly important given the multi-layered aquifer system of the San Joaquin Valley. At most locations, it is comprised of an upper and lower aquifer separated by the regional confining unit known as the Corcoran Clay.
103 While extensometer data have shown that compaction
primarily occurs in the lower aquifer, the extensometer network was abandoned in the 1980s and there are almost no extensometers active in the areas affected by recent subsidence. As a result, we have no direct monitoring of the depth at which compaction occurs, which is a key consideration in understanding the controlling mechanisms of land subsidence.
104
97 USGS, “Land Subsidence in the San Joaquin Valley”, October 17, 2018. 98 https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset?q=InSAR
99 https://sgma.water.ca.gov/CalGWLive/ 100 https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Groundwater-Management/Data-and-Tools 101 Lees, M., Knight, R. and R. Smith (2022) “Development and Application of a 1D Compaction Model to Understand 65 Years of Subsidence in the San Joaquin Valley” Water Resources Research, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031390. 102 Ibid, 79
103 Corcoran Clay represents a unique departure from the continental alluvial fan deposition of the Quaternary of the San Joaquin Valley. It is a massive, silty clay, highly diatomaceous, 50-120 feet thick, generally 200-800 feet beneath the surface, extending over an area greater than 4,000 square miles in the San Joaquin Valley. 104 Ibid, 79
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The second limitation has reduced our ability to assess the long-term features in the subsidence record and determine how groundwater extraction in the past has contributed to recent subsidence. Predictive modeling of decades to centuries of so-called deferred subsidence, which is subsidence that occurs due to past, but not current, groundwater extraction can only reveal so much. Several recent InSAR-based studies, however, have described deferred subsidence as lasting for only one-to-two years after the 2007- 10 and 2012-15 droughts.
105
This discrepancy likely stems from the short monitoring period provided by the InSAR satellites rather than a change in the nature of the compaction. A powerful approach to address these gaps in monitoring and understanding is to use physical models to simulate the subsurface compaction which causes the subsidence.

Conceptual Modeling. The aquitard-drainage conceptual model remains the current best theoretical description of how groundwater pumping triggers compaction and therefore subsidence. It describes how water pumped from the parts of the aquifer system dominated by coarse-grained materials (sand and gravel) causes a drop in the hydraulic head and corresponding increase in grain-to-grain stresses in those parts of the aquifer system. These increased stresses only cause limited compaction due to the low compressibility of sand and gravel. Over time, however, the hydraulic head drop spreads into adjacent clay interbeds and aquitards, triggering large compaction rates in those highly compressible parts of the aquifer system. This compaction is responsible for the majority of observed subsidence. The timescale over which a head drop propagates from the sands and gravels into a clay layer is related to the clay’s hydraulic properties and thickness and is typically large. This is the cause of deferred subsidence. 106
There occur temporary pauses in groundwater decline and even short-lived reversals, as happened after the heavy winter precipitation of 2017,
107 but groundwater decline and recovery is not a uniformly reversible process that reacts identically in the opposite direction. The relationship is hysteretic, controlled by the volumetric void space change between wet and drying substrate materials.

6.6 Realities of Future Droughts
Water scarcity is a growing problem in California and water leaders are working to develop long lasting effective solutions. Key amongst these solutions is the identification and development of diversified, interconnected, flexible, and resilient water supply portfolios.

In June 2022, California State officials imposed sweeping water curtailments stretching from Fresno to the Oregon state line, as cities and growers in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta watershed were ordered to stop pumping from rivers and streams along the San Joaquin River. The cutbacks, announced on June 8th by the SWRCB affected 4,571 water rights in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta watershed, more the 2,000 water right holders including 212 public water systems, that supply drinking water, among them San Francisco, as well as a list of large agricultural irrigation districts and hundreds of individual farmers. 105 Ibid, 79
106 Ibid, 79
107 Murray, K.D and R.B. Lohman (2018) “Short-lived pause in Central California subsidence after heavy winter precipitation of 2017”, Science Advances, 4(8) DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar8144.

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A primary focus of the State is the San Joaquin River and its tributaries, where officials imposed significant cuts throughout the remainder of summer 2022. Water board staff called the cutbacks “unprecedented,” although similar curtailments were imposed in the watershed in August 2021, much later in the year.

These kinds of restrictions and cutbacks have happened before, but under increasingly adverse climatic conditions, it is expected that such curtailments and other constraints will only increase in the future.

Existing water resources and system environmental research has identified the likelihood of critical transitions, also known as “tipping points,” during which a system shifts from one state to another, induced by small perturbations.
108 As these systems approach a critical threshold, they slow down in a phenomenon also known as “critical slow down.” Such systems can span the range of environmental resources: water or hydrological systems, forest and landscape systems, flora and faunal systems, climatic systems, geomorphological and topographical systems, etc.

Given the acknowledged concern over impending droughts in California, federal and State agencies have prioritized future actions.
109 These include the need to:
• Clarify how much water is available for recharge;
• Facilitate approvals for trading and banking projects; and, • Modernize infrastructure operations.

And many local agencies have done the same by:
• Supporting solutions to the safe drinking water crisis; • Mitigating dry wells;
• Coordinating water quality and quantity management; and, • Implementing new technologies to manage pollutants, especially for dairies.

As noted recently in the State’s 4th Climate Change Assessment, surface water curtailments during lengthy periods of drought (e.g., 2012-2016) put enormous and unsustainable pressure on groundwater reserves.

Over 80% of the San Joaquin Valley water supplies were provided by groundwater during the 2012-2016 drought, which was a strain on regional aquifers including the Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Subbasin.

The Assessment also noted that within three decades, the San Joaquin Valley’s annual average 108 Scheffer, M., Bascompte, J., Brock, W. A., Brovkin, V., Carpenter, S. R., and Dakos, V.: Early-warning signals for critical transitions, Nature, 461, 53–59, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08227, 2009.

Lenton, T. M.: Environmental tipping points, Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 38, 1–29, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ102511-084654, 2013.

Litt, B., Esteller, R., Echauz, J., D'Alessandro, M., Shor, R., Henry, T., Pennell, P., Epstein, C., Bakay, R., Dichter, M., and Vachtsevanos, G.: Epileptic seizures may begin hours in advance of clinical onset: a report of five patients, Neuron, 30, 51–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00262-8, 2001.

Van Nes, E. H. and Scheffer, M.: Slow recovery from perturbations as a generic indicator of a nearby catastrophic shift, Am.

Nat., 169, 738–747, https://doi.org/10.1086/516845, 2007.

Venegas, J. G., Winkler, T., Musch, G., Melo, M. F. V., Layfield, D., Tgavalekos, N., Fischman, A. J., Callahan, R. J., Bellani, G., and Harris, R. S.: Self-organized patchiness in asthma as a prelude to catastrophic shifts, Nature, 434, 777–782, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03490, 2005.
109 PPIC (2019) “Water and the Future of the San Joaquin Valley.” ATTACHMENT 2
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temperature could increase by 4 degrees, worsening water quality and health hazards in many of the impoverished communities of the Valley agricultural heartland.

It is noted that these issues disproportionally affecting minority and disadvantaged communities who will continue to rely exclusively on domestic wells. Moving forward, the State must make concerted efforts to address the disparity that rural disadvantaged communities experience and emphasize the need for environmental equity and social justice policies.
110
Drought vulnerability is certainly not a new topic for the San Joaquin Valley. 111 To best prepare for the
inevitable drought-laden future, water utilities, irrigation districts, and other organizations will need to cooperate across scales to finance, build, and operate new shared water supply infrastructure.

Long-term viability of conveyance and groundwater banking investments are strongly shaped by partnership design choices (i.e., which water providers are participating, and how is the project’s debt being distributed) and by extreme hydrologic conditions (i.e., floods and droughts). 112
For the City, the overall question of how it wishes to ultimately proportion its allocation between surface and groundwater is still an open issue; particularly given this current year. It has previously stated that it desires a 53 to 47% split, between surface and groundwater, respectively. To the extent that the City’s surface water supplies (less current and planned future recycled water) are wholly dependent on an independent party holding water rights hydraulically connected to the Bay-Delta, any curtailment of Delta-related water rights whether by State or federal agencies will significantly affect the City.

As brief background, California, through the SWRCB, maintains control over the water resources of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. It has a legal obligation to protect sensitive Bay-Delta water assets including water quality, endangered species, riparian habitats, and exports. Specifically, compliance with Bay-Delta water quality control objectives (D-1641), State Endangered Species Act, cooperative agreements with federal agencies on matters of federal/State water operations, Bay-Delta Endangered Species recovery, etc. is mandatory.

One such example of the State’s obligation is Conditional Term 91 (Term 91), which has been included in permits and licenses, granted after 1965, for diversion and use of water in the Delta watershed. Term 91 requires that those holding such permits and licenses cease diverting water when the SWRCB’s Division of Water Rights gives notice that water is not available for use under those permits and licenses. They were originally intended to curtail junior water rights holders and thus were applicable only on water rights made after 1965; SSJID’s pre-1914 water rights would seemingly be exempt.

However, The SWRCB regulates by instituting curtailments to avoid “unbalanced” conditions. The Delta is referred to as in “balanced condition” when the Projects are being operated to meet water quality and flow requirements in the Delta. When the Delta is in such conditions, additional withdrawals from the upper catchments will result in ”unbalanced” water quality conditions in the Delta. 110 California Natural Resources Agency (2021) “San Joaquin Valley Region Report”, California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment, page 27.
111 Greene, C. (n.d.) “Dams, Fish, and a Modern Dust Bowl: Narratives of Drought Vulnerability and Adaptation in California’s San Joaquin Valley”, CLIMAS Fellowship Final Report.
112 Hamilton, A.L., Zeff, H.B., Characklis, G.W. and P.M. Reed (2022) “Resilient California water portfolios require infrastructure investment partnerships that are viable for all partners” Earth’s Future, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002573.

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Table 6-2: Term 91 Curtailment Notices in the Delta Watershed Source: SWRCB Term 91 Curtailment Information, Updated 12/07/22 In the last two years there were curtailments because of drought conditions as shown in Table 6-2, and it is likely that both drought and curtailments will happen in the future.

In 2022, the SWRCB expanded its requirements for curtailment status and updated its original notice determinations. The weekly SWRCB curtailment status update on May 24, 2022 went so far as to state:
“The following water rights are curtailed, effective May 25, 2022… A subset of three post-1914 appropriative water rights associated with the Central Valley Project in the San Joaquin River watershed, specifically the Upper San Joaquin River and Stanislaus River subwatersheds.” [Emphasis added]
The SWRCB has the authority to apply a wide range of increasing curtailments depending on how it determines the hydrologic condition of the State and the manner with which it foresees the remainder of the WY unfolding. When Term 91 is declared, it is a challenge to water right holder operations. The curtailments are based on real-time hydrology of the Bay-Delta and as such can have varying and dynamic periods of enforcement. In critically dry years, Term 91 can be imposed for lengthy periods of time, such as in 1992, when it was in effect from mid-May through mid-November. Typically, Term 91 curtailments are lifted once the wet season starts, normally during the winter months. As shown in Table 6-2, there was a curtailment issued on June 3, 2022. In winter of 2022-2023, the Delta was determined to be in Balanced Condition and the SWRCB issued a notice of lifting of curtailments of Term 91 water rights on December 7th, 2022.

For the City and SSJID, neither possess control over how or whether surface water diversion curtailments will be imposed in any given WY. For long-term water supply planning and sustainability efforts, this uncertainty becomes extremely challenging as conditions under a continually shifting climate mean that even with assumed legal assurances today, there is no guarantee for the future.

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As shown in Table 6-3 below, various CVP maximum contract quantities approved for allocation have varied over the past 10-years across all contract types. There is variability in allocations between contractor type, geographic location relative to the Delta, and year-to-year. What is demonstrated in Table 6-3 is the extent to which M&I water service contracts (originally and typically the firmest of all federal water contracts) have been subject to significant reductions over the past 10 years. Look at the 6th row from the bottom (e.g., M&I CVP contractors South-of-Delta). Note how water allocations have ranged between 100% (full delivery) and 25%, a potential variation of 75% in any given year.

Originally, as discussed previously, federal CVP M&I water service contracts were limited to a maximum curtailment of 25% from full contract delivery. Over the years, however, particularly in the past 25 years, we have seen the gradual, but irretrievable decline in M&I deliveries. By contrast, agricultural deliveries were always more aggressively curtailed than M&I users; in fact, now they are regularly seeing reductions of 0% delivery.

Table 6-3 is intended to illustrate the high degree of allocation variability that exists even within one category of administrative water user. It is acknowledged that the City does not use a federal CVP M&I water supply, however, it is informative for the City to realize what is happening to the overall water supply allocation process for other water users in the San Joaquin Valley.

If M&I water service contractors must face contemporary swings of as much as a 75% delivery variation in any one year, other users may experience that variation as well. For example, a city that relies on a 20,000 AFY annual federal M&I water contract would be compelled to recalculate its firm yield for this entitlement to 5,000 AFY. Depending on the city’s other water entitlements, such an assumed recalculation poses challenges to long-term water supply planning.

Table 6-3: CVP Contractor Water Allocations by WY, 2012-2022 (Percentage of Maximum Contract Allocation Made Available)
Source: Congressional Research Service, Central Valley Project: Issues and Legislation, Updated March 8, 2022.

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7 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CITY
Given current hydroclimatic uncertainties together with the uncertain and precarious nature of the existing physical, regulatory, and institutional status of the City’s other water supply sources, the City’s long-term water supply is at risk. The following provide a series of recommendations based on findings and discussions contained in the preceding sections of this TM. Each of these recommendations are accompanied by a brief description that highlights their salient point(s). They are based on the overall objective of this “Water Sustainability Study,” the purpose of which was intended to examine the longterm reliability of the City’s various water supply sources and delivery allocations and develop a water supply strategy that diversifies and strengthens the City’s water supply and delivery reliability so that longterm water resource sustainability can be secured. 1 Use industry acknowledged shortage provisions
When forecasting future water supply versus demand projections, assume a worst-case delivery scenario for available water supplies.
2 Use climate-sensitized future hydrology projections
An uncertain future hydroclimate is and will continue to impart ambiguity and insecurity on both surface and groundwater supplies relied upon by the City. Its effects are broad ranging, from reduced surface water yield in the upper Stanislaus River basin to increased depletions from the Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Subbasin groundwater reserves.
3 For planning purposes, assume maximum regulatory curtailments to SSJID’s Pre-1914 Water Rights Last year’s Term 91 imposition is one of many already existing regulatory impositions used by regulators (in this case, the State) to curtail surface water diversions from Delta watershed water right entitlement holders. The degree to which these types of restrictions are amplified or made more frequent in the future is uncertain, but it is guaranteed that it won’t become laxer. 4 Assume SWRCB will impose maximum curtailments in the interests of Delta assets during droughts The SWRCB can simply claim severe/critical drought conditions and their authority over water use can be extensive. This fact, perhaps above all others, encourages development of an independent water supply.
5 Explore whether there are supply enhancement opportunities with SSJID, OID, or others Identify if the City can renegotiate its existing SSJID Water Supply Agreement in terms of the Phase II allocations from the SCWSP and secure additional supply commitments. 6 Develop storm- and/or floodwater capture and retention program Initiate an extensive storm- and/or floodwater capture and retention exploratory development plan.

Make stormwater the third water supply source of the City. The City should explore developing its own supply source(s); one that is unencumbered by outside control – and stormwater represents just such a supply.
7 Develop an integrated MAR, recycled water, and stormwater program Using recycled water, storm- and/or floodwater as a primary supply source for future City MAR programs.

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www.hydroscience.com

APPENDIX D
City of Manteca
Water Master Plan
TM #5 Regulations Potentially Affecting City Water Operations ATTACHMENT 2
2023
Regulations Potentially
Affecting City Water
Operations

CITY OF MANTECA
THE SHIBATANI GROUP, INC. IN COLLABORATION WITH
HYDROSCIENCE ENGINEERS, INC.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................1

2.0 Background ............................................................................................................................3

3.0 State of California Regulations and Implications to the City......................................................5

3.1 “California’s Water Supply Strategy – Adapting to a Hotter, Drier Future” ..................................... 5

3.2 Groundwater Regulation and Sustainable Groundwater Management Act .................................... 6

3.2.1 Assembly Bill 2201 .................................................................................................................. 8

3.3 Bay Delta-Related Curtailments........................................................................................................ 9

3.4 Monitoring State Water Right Petitions ......................................................................................... 11

3.5 State Bay-Delta and Water Quality Flow Objectives ...................................................................... 12

3.6 Water Use ....................................................................................................................................... 12

3.7 Salt and Nitrate Control Program (CV Salts) ................................................................................... 14

3.8 Drinking Water Quality ................................................................................................................... 15

3.8.1 Groundwater Rule – Bacteriological Monitoring .................................................................. 16

3.8.2 Primary Drinking Water Standards ....................................................................................... 16

3.8.3 Secondary Constituents (General Mineral/General Physical [GM/GP]) ............................... 16

3.8.4 Standby Sources.................................................................................................................... 17

3.8.5 Bacteriological Quality .......................................................................................................... 17

3.8.6 Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs)............................................................................................. 17

3.8.7 Lead and Copper ................................................................................................................... 17

3.8.8 Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR)............................................................ 18

3.8.9 Unregulated Constituents – Notification Levels ................................................................... 19

3.8.10 Recent and Upcoming Regulations....................................................................................... 19

4.0 Federal Protection of Fish and Wildlife ..................................................................................21

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Historical, Current, and Projected Per Capita Water Demands...................................................13 Figure 2: Stanislaus River Fishery Action Releases under CVPIA Relative to Baseline Conditions (Critically Dry)..........................................................................................................................................22 Figure 3: Stanislaus River Fishery Action Releases under CVPIA Relative to Baseline Conditions (Wet)...23

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Action Levels – Lead and Copper ..................................................................................................18 Table 2: Final WY CVPIA 3406 (b)(2) Water Allocation (Total AF) ..............................................................22

LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A: Executive Department State of California Executive Order N-7-22 ATTACHMENT 2
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Integrated with Technical Memorandum (TM) No. 4 (“Water Sustainability Study”), this TM No. 5 (“Regulations Potentially Affecting City Water Operations”) is intended to help define the regulatory constraints and related risks associated with maintaining current and projected future City of Manteca (City) water supplies and meeting contractual delivery obligations between the City and its suppliers.

Many elements of the regulatory framework have been discussed previously in TM No. 4 where several salient regulatory constraints imposed on the City’s water supplies were outlined. While the City is aware of its compliance obligations and the effects of existing regulations through its day-to-day operational practices, this TM is intended to address water planning and the potential effects of existing regulations and anticipated future regulations on their water assets and operations. The primary objectives of this TM are to:
• Identify existing and anticipated new regulatory and legislative restrictions (and/or constraints) that can be expected from federal, State, and local government regulators; • Describe how those restrictions will individually or collectively affect the City; and • Identify which restrictions potentially represent the greatest impact to the City’s current and future water supplies.

City water operations in the context of this TM encapsulate its water entitlements (e.g., supplies), infrastructure (e.g., owned and shared facilities), and legal contractual obligations to any federal/State and local agencies and third parties. This includes all those assets and obligations currently in existence and considered applicable as well as those anticipated in the future.

With intensifying hydroclimatic conditions occurring across California and expected to continue, State water officials are acknowledging the uncertainty with which such conditions could remain. This extended state of progressively hotter and drier weather is of particular concern as most water utilities attempt to prepare for these conditions and how they will affect their water supply portfolios. As conditions worsen and become more extreme, the implications to all water purveyors including the City could be significant.

This includes potential effects to both surface and groundwaters as recently iterated by State water leaders insofar as State groundwater resources are concerned. Both the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) and the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) have emphasized the importance of sustainable groundwater management to ensure resilience during periods of drought.

Whether regulated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), SWRCB, DWR, or any of the other federal and/or State agencies having jurisdictional control over some aspect of California water resources, water resources management throughout the State of California is changing from the way these agencies have traditionally implemented regulatory oversight over the past decades. This is because the rapidly shifting climate is imparting unprecedented stresses on the State’s water resources and infrastructure causing our regulatory agencies to impose restrictions in an ever more stringent manner. Examples of these stresses include megadrought conditions that, until recently, plagued storage reservoirs, natural rivers, lakes, and groundwater resources at near generational levels (e.g., Lake Mead, Lake Powell, Colorado River, Sacramento River, San Joaquin River, etc.). As a result, California is facing a changing regulatory environment greater than what many water agencies have grown accustomed to.

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On March 28, 2022, Governor Newsom signed Executive Order (E.O.) N-7-22, included as Appendix A, in response to proclaimed states of emergency resulting from developing extreme and expanding drought conditions. At that time, California was entering its third consecutive year of dry conditions.

New Melones Reservoir, the Golden State’s fourth-largest capacity reservoir, was storing less than 27% of capacity in mid-August 2022 — its lowest level in five years1 — due to the unprecedented drought
conditions as described by officials at the USBR. Federal authorities closed the lower boat ramp at Tuttletown Recreation Area in Tuolumne County in early August because of the lowering water levels. As of August 27, 2022, storage in New Melones was 650,000 acre-feet (AF) – approximately 51% of the reservoir’s 15-year average. On this same date in 2021, storage was 918,000 AF illustrating the highly variable nature of reservoir carryover from year to year.

As discussed in TM No. 4, New Melones Reservoir, along with the other federal appurtenances represented by Tulloch Reservoir, Goodwin Diversion Dam, and Woodward Reservoir, are all part of Stanislaus River hydrology and rely on New Melones Reservoir carryover-based outflow. The City’s water supply interests are appreciably tied to the hydrologic resiliency of the Stanislaus River and, specifically, the USBR operations at New Melones.

Aside from hydrology and direct water resource-related implications occurring throughout California, the Sierra Nevada, and the San Joaquin River Valley, industry-wide trends in what this recent drought has instigated are noteworthy for water managers. For one, illegal water withdrawals were on the rise; an example of this was a group of farmers and ranchers known as the Shasta Water Association near the Oregon state line were issued a cease-and-desist order by the SWRCB to stop diverting water from the Shasta River watershed, an area already wracked by extreme drought and a wildfire that killed tens of thousands of fish.2
The effect of the drought economically meant that California water prices were at an all-time high as a severe drought limited supplies to cities and farms across the State. The price of water on the Nasdaq Veles California Water Index touched $1,144.14/AF on June 27, 2022 — up 56% since the start of the year.

The index tracks the average price of water-rights transactions in five markets in the State. In some pockets of California, water was even more costly — hovering around $2,000/AF in the Westlands region.

Comprising more than 1,000 square miles of farmland in Central Valley, Westlands Water District is the largest agricultural water district in the U.S.3
Like many other stakeholders across the State, the City can expect the cost of water and infrastructure to continue to increase over time, translating to higher rates for its customers.
1 Union Democrat, “New Melones Reservoir dips to lowest level in 5 years, federal officials cite ‘unprecedented drought’,” August 1, 2022.
2 The State Water Board takes enforcement action against Shasta River Water Association for illegal diversions, Statement issued by the State Water Resources Control Board, August 24, 2022. 3 Bloomberg, U.S. Edition, “Worsening Drought Drives California Water Prices to All-Time High”, August 2, 2022.

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2.0 BACKGROUND
All California water purveyors, as defined under the Water Code, are subject to the various regulatory requirements applicable at all levels of government. This obligation extends to the City’s water supply assets including water, sewer, and recycled water infrastructure.

Regulatory impacts to Central Valley water purveyors have always been a concern for regional and local water users of the mainstem rivers, tributaries, sloughs, interconnecting waterways, and groundwater resources of the region. These impacts are physical hydrometeorological constraints, as well as institutional laws and regulations.

Such constraints on instream flows may affect a host of beneficial uses including preservation of habitat for listed anadromous fish,
4 Delta water quality objectives, hydropower, water supply deliveries, and other authorized beneficial needs. State and federal regulators have control over the water resources legally entitled to municipalities, irrigators, corporate and family farms, local businesses, and other stakeholders, and thus, this has become an issue made more pressing by recent climatic progressions in concert with regulatory restrictions.

The current challenge with regulatory oversight of the water industry is how to contend with the growing uncertainty of diminishing water yield across their jurisdictions. Caught in the middle are water purveyors that are struggling to balance the water supply needs with limitations imposed by regulation.

As discussed in TM No. 4, the City’s current and long-term water supply security and sustainability centers around two primary issues:

1. Curtailments to its purchased pre-1914 water rights allocation from the South San Joaquin Irrigation District (SSJID) as part of the two-Phase South County Water Supply Project (SCWSP); and

2. Any long-term constraints placed on the City’s anticipated pumping quantities from the Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Subbasin.

The City’s third water supply, recycled water, while largely5 unencumbered by State or federal oversight in terms of production curtailments compared to the City’s surface water and groundwater supplies, is nevertheless thoroughly governed by regulation.

For conservative planning purposes, it is assumed that future groundwater pumping will continue to decline for several reasons. First, as the City’s surface water supplies from SSJID transition into Phase II, it is anticipated that less groundwater may be necessary. Second, it is prudent to assume that groundwater levels may continue to decline. Third, due to the current “overdrafted” status of this Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Subbasin, it is unlikely that graduated increases in pumping beyond the sustainable yield will be permitted by the ongoing Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) process, which is discussed further in Section 3.3. Lastly, it is the mission of the City as a member 4 Anadromous: (of a fish such as the salmon) migrating up rivers from the sea to spawn. 5 Recycled water is guided by the State of California’s Water Quality Control Policy for Recycled Water consistent with the provisions of Water Code section 13050(n).

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groundwater agency (GWA) to the Easter San Joaquin Groundwater Authority, to implement projects that will continue to offset the use and impacts of groundwater pumping.

Two new water storage projects have advanced in the San Joaquin Valley.6 These U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers projects demonstrate the interest of both federal and State agencies in opportunities for water supply enhancement projects in the Central Valley and their priority. These projects also demonstrate that dams and improved appurtenances at existing dams are feasible.

The State recognizes the constraints placed on both surface and groundwater supplies as demonstrated by its increasing interest in stormwater capture and application on agricultural lands, which was also recently encouraged by the Governor in his Water Supply Strategy, August 2022. 7 Ultimately, the City has
also recognized the value of stormwater capture and is evaluating opportunities to incorporate it into their water supply portfolio.

The concept of winter stormwater diversion is gaining traction in the San Joaquin Valley and is the premise of a current study DWR is launching in the Stanislaus River basin in concert with SSJID and Oakdale Irrigation District (OID). The objective is to take advantage of the permanent cropland acreage which includes orchards and vineyardsto encourage groundwater recharge. The study will look at the hydrology and explore the potential for diverting runoff. Both irrigation districts have conveyance systems in place that move water from the Stanislaus River and thus can move excess storm runoff diverted from the river and direct it to orchards and vineyards most suitable for recharging groundwater. Part of SSJIDs storm conveyance system traverses the City, which may present an opportunity for the City to also utilize runoff within the City boundary.

Unlike building off-stream reservoirs to divert excess storm runoff for later use, groundwater recharging reduces the loss of water to evaporation. It also “stores” water in the location where it is needed. Not only could it represent a new opportunity to secure groundwater stability, but it could conceivably help restore groundwater back toward previous levels; a process that could enhance overall water supply reliability during periods of drought.

To better assist Californians in staying attuned to water conditions across the State and promote conservation, DWR has launched a new website, California Water Watch, 8 that provides easily accessible
information on current local and statewide water conditions – down to their own region and even neighborhood. California Water Watch also includes precipitation forecast maps and links to other forecasting products, all from one web page. Regular hydroclimate summaries developed by California State Climatologist are posted to the California Water Watch website. These summaries describe what current water conditions look like in California and their impacts on the water supply reservoirs and groundwater wells across the State. The City may consider sharing this information with their customer base to maintain general awareness around regional and local water supply conditions and to encourage continued implementation of conservation measures.
6 SJV Water, “Central Valley’s two major dam projects moving forward,” July 27, 2022. 7 California Natural Resources Agency (2022) “CALIFORNIA’S WATER SUPPLY STRATEGY Adapting to a Hotter, Drier Future,” August, 2022.
8 For more information, or to access the California Water Watch website today, visit: https://cww.water.ca.gov. For information about other DWR and State drought response efforts and funding programs, visit: drought.ca.gov/.

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One of the more notable and recognized issues is the diminishing snowpack related to increasing temperatures. The western reliance on the snowpack can have potential consequences to some of the largest and most populous cities in the west including San Francisco, San Jose, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Phoenix, and Salt Lake City. Among these cities at risk of being impacted by climate change and dwindling snowpack, central and southern California cities are most vulnerable to extended heat waves.

To mitigate the effects of climate change and protect the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta from natural disaster, DWR is proposing the Delta Conveyance Project. The intent is to improve the infrastructure within the Delta to reliably move water as part of the State Water Project (SWP). There is both support and opposition to the project with leaders and politicians working to protect the interests of their constituents. The project is wholly designed as an infrastructure project and is not purported to affect existing water rights. Thus, there would be no direct impact to the City except to manage and divert floodwaters from the San Joaquin River during heavy rainfall and high flows.

The State and its water supply challenges with respect to climate change are being recognized nationally and efforts to address outdated and inadequate water infrastructure, obsolete federal and State water project operational parameters, and a water rights system that has not been adjusted to accommodate 21st century water needs are beginning to be addressed as part of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and the Inflation Reduction Act. The Inflation Reduction Act is expected to include $4 billion for water management and conservation efforts across the west.

3.0 STATE OF CALIFORNIA REGULATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS TO THE CITY This section addresses implications of State regulations, policy, and legislative actions that will or have the potential to impact the City in terms of water supply, water use, and water quality.

3.1 “California’s Water Supply Strategy – Adapting to a Hotter, Drier Future” For planning purposes, it is recommended that the City, along with other water utilities, irrigation districts, and county water agencies consider a minimum of 10% reduction by 2040 in raw water supplies in their Raw Water Master Plans, Urban Water Management Plans, and long-term water supply planning calculations. These decreases are now anticipated statewide and documented by the Executive Office of the State.

In August 2022, Governor Newsom reiterated his vision for California’s future water supply strategy considering current and ongoing climatic threats. The Governor released a plan titled “California’s Water Supply Strategy – Adapting to a Hotter, Drier Future.” The strategy includes capturing and storing more water, recycling more wastewater, and desalinating seawater and salty groundwater. The objective is to prepare the State for an estimated 10% decrease in California’s water supply by 2040 due to higher temperatures and decreased runoff. The plan focuses on accelerating infrastructure projects, boosting conservation and upgrading the State’s water system to keep up with the increasing pace of climate change.

The Governor noted that the strategy capitalizes on existing resources, including expanding storage to capture more water that would otherwise flow out to sea during large storms. The strategy calls for expanding the capacities of 120 reservoirs throughout the State. Additionally, it acknowledges the importance of underground water storage and the need to replenish depleted groundwater supplies, ATTACHMENT 2
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particularly in the San Joaquin Valley, where groundwater pumping has resulted in widespread land subsidence. The strategy also calls for eliminating water waste in urban areas and modernizing water management and forecasting plans, including reforming water rights.

In summary, the Governor’s water supply strategy9 calls for:

1. Creating up to 4 million AF of above- or below-ground storage to capitalize on storm events when they occur to store water for dry periods;

2. Recycling up to 800,000 AF of wastewater per year;

3. Saving 500,000 AF of water per year through conservation practices; and

4. Capturing more stormwater and desalinating seawater and salty ground water.

While all strategies are relevant to the City, the first and fourth strategies relating to storm water capture and storage relate specifically to TM Nos. 4 and 5 and opportunities to capitalize on an untapped resource.

This plan goes beyond State Urban Water Management Planning as required by DWR, which is designed to prompt water utilities to consider these issues and their effect on the available water supply and to plan for both short-term and long-term water emergencies. The City is actively working to plan for and address system deficiencies and assure an available water supply thru the development of the Water Master Plan, continued involvement with SGMA, and compliance with the UWMP requirements.

3.2 Groundwater Regulation and Sustainable Groundwater Management Act In 2016, the City of Manteca became a Groundwater Sustainability Agency (GSA), and in 2017, the City along with 15 other GSAs, formed the Eastern San Joaquin Groundwater Authority. Their mission was to ensure initial and ongoing SGMA compliance within the basin. Its purpose is to:
• Provide coordination among its 17 GSA members;
• Carry out SGMA purposes in a cooperative manner;
• Develop, adopt, and implement a legally sufficient Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) that covers portions of the subbasin within the jurisdictional boundaries; and • Satisfy SGMA’s requirements for coordination among the GSAs.

The City’s continued participation as a GSA and implementation of proposed projects will contribute to the long term sustainability of the groundwater basin.

The State is in a delicate position since it cannot openly institute statewide broad, all-encompassing groundwater adjudication. The passage of SGMA almost ten years ago was a way for the State to maneuver its way around full groundwater adjudication and provide a framework at the local level for managing and ultimately reversing the effects of extensive groundwater pumping on the State’s aquifers, where adjudication would otherwise be the most effective means of accomplishing this. Adjudication is 9 California Natural Resources Agency (2022) “CALIFORNIA’S WATER SUPPLY STRATEGY Adapting to a Hotter, Drier Future,” August, 2022.

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an issue that has been passionately opposed by agricultural interests and homestead dwellers for decades across the Central Valley.

As noted in TM No. 4, the SGMA aimed to ensure that all water being pulled out of the ground would be replaced and set a date of 2040 to return California’s water basins to this “natural balance” (i.e. recharge greater than or equal to groundwater pumping). However, the groundwater act did not limit the construction of new groundwater wells going in. Recent research by the Community Alliance with Family Farmers, Clean Water Action, CivicWell, and others revealed that while water scarcity threatens agriculture more generally, the impact is far greater for small and underrepresented farmers. In times of drought, it’s the shallow wells that come up dry first. Deepening a private well is not a feasible solution when costs can start at $60,000 and rapidly increase. During the drought, many private community wells went dry as new wells came online. According to the San Joaquin County Office of Emergency Services, 10 residents affected by drought might qualify for emergency bottled water, a water tank, a well assessment, and water quality testing.

The State of California Drought Executive Order N-7-22 (see Appendix A) issued on March 28, 2022, is meant to protect Californians who rely on groundwater for their water supply. This order requires local well-drilling permits to align with GSPs under SGMA before being approved. Local groundwater agencies now must review each permit and determine how a new well would affect nearby wells and the GSP for that basin.

Under the Executive Order, Action 9, local well permitting agencies must take the following steps during the well permitting process for wells intending to extract groundwater:

1. Consultation with the GSA – If the proposed well would be in a high or medium priority groundwater basin, the well permitting agency must consult with the GSA and receive written verification from the GSA that the proposed well location is generally consistent (not inconsistent) with the applicable GSP and will not decrease the likelihood of achieving the sustainability goals that the GSAs have developed under SGMA. [Emphasis added]

2. Permit Evaluation – For every well permit application, the local well permitting agency must determine before issuing a well permit that extraction of groundwater from the proposed well is not likely to interfere with the production and functioning of existing nearby wells and is not likely to cause subsidence that would adversely impact or damage nearby infrastructure. [Emphasis added]
The wording has left aspects of the Executive Order open to interpretation and flexibility in compliance.

First, there can be a wide range of potential obligations imposed on regulated parties such as the City.

For example, the stipulation that any new groundwater well permittee demonstrate that its new facility will not “decrease the likelihood” of achieving established sustainability goals means that some assessment or comparison of likely effects against a future groundwater baseline must occur. And that means a critical evaluation of the baseline conditions and anticipated groundwater withdrawal effects.

Second, without State issued guidance and definitional thresholds of terms such as “not likely,” “generally consistent,” and “production and functioning,” there is no guaranteed consistency applied across California’s aquifers, particularly in the San Joaquin Valley where numerous GSAs operate. 10 https://sjready.org/
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While the Executive Order is only a temporary solution, there is, however, a permanent solution to provide more specific guidance and protect the water California’s families need: Assembly Bill (AB) 2201. 11 3.2.1 Assembly Bill 2201
The passing of AB 2201 will require San Joaquin County to forward groundwater well permit applications within the City’s jurisdiction for the City to review for conformity with the GSP. Assembly member Steve Bennett (D-Ventura) introduced AB 2201, the Community Drinking Water Protection Act, to ensure that new wells can be permitted only after proof is provided that they will not harm drinking water or otherwise obstruct sustainable groundwater management. AB 2201 passed the State Senate on August 30, 2022.

With the passing of AB 2201, GSAs, such as the City, are required to confirm that all well-drilling permit applications align with the GSP for their respective basin. Applicants for permits must provide a report demonstrating that their wells will not harm communities before they are approved. Permits for new wells are determined by county governments, which, until passing AB 2201, were not required to consider groundwater sustainability when granting them. This is why more than 6,200 new agricultural wells have been drilled throughout California since 2014, the year SGMA became law. This law requires a county to forward permit requests to the appropriate GSA before permit approval for the construction of new groundwater wells, the enlarging of existing groundwater wells, and the reactivation of abandoned groundwater wells. The law also allows communities to learn about proposed wells more easily through required public postings, and residents could influence permitting decisions during the 30-day public posting period.

In May of 2022, a draft white paper12was issued by the California Water Commission outlining the State’s continued progress towards institutionalizing and strengthening groundwater trading provisions. The Commission’s white paper proposes that the State take an iterative, multi-pronged approach to enabling and incentivizing well-managed groundwater trading where local entities and users decide to adopt it.

Suggested next steps for State engagement start with the development of a workplan for implementation of Action 3.6 of the Water Resilience Portfolio,13 Governor Newsom’s blueprint for California’s water policy, followed by convening stakeholders to share information and to support vulnerable users and GSAs, of which the City is a member. Other near-term proposed next steps include creating digital resources and cataloging available trading information, developing best management practices, and incentivizing well-managed groundwater trading.
11 https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB2201 12 California Water Commission, “A State Role in Supporting Groundwater Trading with Safeguards for Vulnerable Users: Findings and Next Steps,” Draft White Paper, May 2022.
https://cwc.ca.gov/-/media/CWCWebsite/Files/Documents/2022/01_January/January2022_Item_10_Attach_1_DraftWhitePaper_Final.pdf 13 California Water Resilience Portfolio 2020 Action 3.6: “Create flexibility for groundwater sustainability agencies to trade water within basins by enabling and incentivizing transactional approaches, including groundwater markets, with rules that safeguard natural resources, small- and medium-size farms, and water supply and quality for disadvantaged communities.” ATTACHMENT 2
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3.3 Bay Delta-Related Curtailments
In 2022, the Stanislaus River system was affected by curtailments imposed by the State with numerous water right entitlement holders facing unprecedented curtailments. SSJID, the City’s primary surface water retail water purveyor was curtailed of their 1921 priority appropriative right (A002524).

Curtailments to SSJID have direct effects on the City’s water supply. Any curtailments imposed upon SSJID are propagated down, directly affecting water retailers, including the City. In order to manage the water supply during periods of drought, the City has in place a water shortage contingency plan designed to address various levels of shortage. This allows the City to prioritize water needs and engage the community in water conservation.

Other local water purveyors also suffered during the protracted drought – PG&E’s various appropriative water rights with priority dates spanning from 1851-1909 were curtailed as well as the OID for several of their appropriative water rights with priority dates of 1913, 1922, and 1927. Other water purveyors reliant on Stanislaus River water included both the Calaveras County Water District and the City of Ripon with 1949 water right priority dates that were curtailed last year. For status of curtailments and lists of active curtailed water right holders, see: https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drought/delta/curtailmentcompliance-and-responses.html.

In recent water years (WYs), the curtailments imposed by the State on water right holders have increased dramatically. Altogether, there are 6,600 right holders in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. In August 2021, following the emergency curtailment regulation adopted by the SWRCB on August 3 in response to acute water shortages, the SWRCB issued curtailment orders to approximately 4,500 right holders to protect drinking water supplies, prevent salinity intrusion and minimize impacts to fisheries and the environment.

Without enforcement of unauthorized water diversions in the Bay-Delta, the drinking water supply for 25 million Californians and irrigation for over three million acres of farmland was at risk. During the most severe periods of drought, the Division of Water Rights emphasized the importance of compliance to assure a fair and equitable approach to curtailments, acknowledging that it has an impact on livelihoods and economies.
14 The number of right holders that are directed to cease all diversions may be adjusted from year to year and season to season as water supply in the Bay-Delta fluctuates and weather conditions change. For instance, the SWRCB projected that about 1,500 fewer right holders needed to be curtailed in September 2022 due to increased water supply in the Sacramento River watershed from annual rice field drainage.

Curtailments give the SWRCB the tools needed to prevent diverters from taking water when water levels are low. The SWRCB requires right holders to confirm their compliance with curtailment orders or to indicate if they will seek an exemption for any of the reasons allowed under the regulation, such as supplying water for human health and safety needs. Those diverting more than 5,000 AFY must provide additional information about their previous diversions and projected use to improve the SWRCB’s supply and demand forecasting.

The SWRCB meets regularly to discuss significant environmental impacts, reasonable alternatives, and mitigation measures to implement lower San Joaquin River flows and southern Delta salinity objectives in the Water Quality Control Plan for the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Bay-Delta Plan). 14 Statement by Erik Ekdahl, Deputy Director of the Division of Water Rights, August 20, 2021.

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SWRCB curtailments or Bay-Delta issues more broadly affect many Central Valley water suppliers and their water supply interests, even those utilities that are not directly diverting from the Delta. The Bay-Delta has far-reaching effects having to do with the fact that the Bay-Delta (also referred to as the SacramentoSan Joaquin Delta) system is fully integrated, both physically (e.g., hydrologically) and legally (e.g., regulatorily and institutionally).

Physically, the hydrology of the Bay-Delta watershed is defined by the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers representing the two opposite flowing mainstem rivers with tributaries that flank the eastern slopes of the coastal ranges and the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada providing inflow to the mainstem rivers.

The Bay-Delta is the focal point, sometimes referred colloquially as the Central Valley water “switchyard” given its function to “export” water. The headwaters of the remotest catchment tributary to the BayDelta are sometimes considered Bay-Delta jurisdiction. If the headwaters are hydrologically connected to the Bay-Delta, then it is subject to any, and all, SWRCB actions pertaining to Bay-Delta health.

SWRCB’s legal authority to manage the Bay-Delta and impose restrictions on water rights is established by the Public Trust Doctrine. The Public Trust Doctrine is based on the principle that certain resources (such as navigable waters) are too valuable to be privately owned and must remain available for public use. In National Audubon Society v. Superior Court,
15 the court held that the Public Trust Doctrine restricts the amount of water that can be withdrawn from navigable waterways. Here, the California Supreme Court had clarified the applicability of the Public Trust Doctrine to California water rights. The public trust protects non-consumptive instream uses such as navigation, fishing, recreation, ecology, and aesthetics adding; the State, as the public trustee, retains supervisory control over the State’s waters and has the power to reconsider its past allocation decisions in light of current knowledge.

The second relevant precedent-setting case was United States v. State Water Resources Control Board (1986) 182 Cal.App.3d 82, commonly referred to as the “Racanelli Decision” (Racanelli). This case confirmed the SWRCB’s authority to condition and amend the water rights permits of the CVP and SWP, and it is significant for its clear statement that the Public Trust Doctrine applies in water rights proceedings and permits the SWRCB to impose conditions on existing appropriative permits for the protection of fish and wildlife.

One of the noteworthy findings from Racanelli was that the Court held that the Public Trust Doctrine, as enunciated in National Audubon Society, permits the SWRCB to reconsider past water allocation decisions and amend any water rights if necessary to protect fish and wildlife. This effectively opens the door to curtailments.

Accordingly, the SWRCB’s first task in any public trust context is to identify the trust resources at issue and determine the water needed to preserve those trust uses for the benefit of the people of the State into the future. The SWRCB’s second step is to turn to the question of whether it is “feasible” to provide the water resources necessary to protect the trust values at issue, or whether accepting harm to those resources rises to the level of “practical necessity.” The SWRCB clearly acknowledges its obligation in dealing with public trust issues to first isolate the water needs of the rivers, estuary, instream fisheries, and water quality at issue. For the Bay-Delta, these needs are well known and documented. 15 National Audubon Society v. Superior Court (Supreme Court of California, 1983, 33 Cal.3d 419) was a key case in California highlighting the conflict between the public trust doctrine and appropriative water rights.

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For any water user within the defined Bay-Delta watershed, therefore, the SWRCB regulates the hydrologic balance within the sensitive Bay-Delta aquatic environs and thus, will impose restrictions across the broader watershed; they have established legal precedent to do so.

Pursuant to numerous SWRCB decisions (e.g., D-1485, D-1641, Order 2001-05), the City’s reliance on surface water supplies from SSJID and thus, the CVP directly (e.g., through the operation of New Melones Reservoir) and SWP indirectly (e.g., through the integrated facilities and operations of the joint federal/State water systems) is affected by SWRCB decisions.

3.4 Monitoring State Water Right Petitions
An important monitoring priority for water utilities diverting from the larger Bay-Delta watershed involves the water right permit actions of others. As discussed earlier, the Bay-Delta, as a collective river system, is dependent on the cumulative hydrology of the basin. If Bay-Delta inflows are reduced, then the demands placed on others to meet existing Bay-Delta water quality thresholds becomes that much more important. As such, water purveyors typically monitor the water right petition activities of other water utilities. It is recommended that either the City, SSJID, or OID monitor all SWRCB water right petitions and, where appropriate, file notice or reserve the right to protest. Even if an actual protest does not materialize, it is always prudent to preserve that right to protest if necessary.

On December 23, 2020, El Dorado Irrigation District filed a petition for extension of time for water right Permit 21112 (Application 5645B) with the SWRCB, Division of Water Rights. Permit 21112 and the change requested with the petition requests that a combined maximum diversion of 32,931 AFY be diverted to storage at Silver Lake, Caples Lake, and Lake Aloha, in the Sierra Nevada within El Dorado County with a maximum storage of: 1) 6,000 AFY at Silver Lake; 2) 21,581 AFY at Caples Lake; and 3) 5,350 AFY at Lake Aloha.

There are two primary concerns that are pertinent to the City and other water rights holders within the Bay-Delta:
• First is the issue of whether the original water right permit was based on accurate hydrology. At the time the water rights were granted, any analysis conducted by the SWRCB did not likely include a thorough climate-sensitized hydrologic analysis under a variety of potential future scenarios that would have captured the more recent hydrology and conditions that have been experienced in recent years. In other words, it is unknown if the hydrological effects originally identified when this water right was granted are still applicable or accurate. • Second, if these water rights permits are not reassessed based on recent hydrological conditions and are allowed to be exercised, it makes the year-to-year water allocations to other water right holders (e.g., SSJID) increasingly prone to cutbacks since Bay-Delta yield is diminished.

While simple renewal of an already existing water right permit might seem a moot point to the casual observer, this is an example that has the potential to trigger adverse hydrologic effects to the affected watersheds and inadvertently affect other water rights holders.

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3.5 State Bay-Delta and Water Quality Flow Objectives
The SWRCB is responsible for adopting and updating the Bay-Delta Plan which establishes water quality control measures and flow requirements needed to provide reasonable protection of beneficial uses in the watershed. The new flow objectives under the Bay-Delta Plan will affect the future reliability of water supplies, significantly reducing the volume of water available for diversion by SSJID and OID in dry and critically dry years and reducing the water supply available to growers. 16 Impacts to SSJID diversions will
directly impact the City.

On December 12, 2018, the SWRCB adopted an update to the Bay-Delta Plan which established Lower San Joaquin River flow objectives and revised southern Delta salinity objectives. These initial amendments to the Plan (“Phase 1”) apply to three tributaries to the San Joaquin River: the Merced, Tuolumne, and Stanislaus Rivers. The new flow objectives for the tributary rivers would require the release of 40% of the unimpaired flows from February 1 through June 30 for anadromous fish and salinity control in the Delta.

Currently, the San Joaquin River is operated by the USBR per the requirements of the 2019 Biological Opinion, developed in consultation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The impacts of Phase 1 of the BayDelta Plan on SSJID and OID and its growers could be significant in some years. Water available for diversion for farmland irrigation may see impacts in dry and critically dry years, with little to no impacts in wetter years.

In adopting the amendments to the Bay-Delta Plan, the SWRCB has agreed to support efforts by the California Natural Resources Agency to negotiate a Delta watershed-wide settlement agreement. On the Stanislaus River, the Voluntary Settlement Agreement (VSA) process would grant some relief from the unimpaired flow requirements of the Bay-Delta Plan by offsetting that flow requirement through implementation of non-flow measures by SSJID, OID, and others. Throughout 2019 and 2020, SSJID and OID staff were in discussions with various State agencies regarding alternative measures that could be incorporated into a VSA.

3.6 Water Use
Late in 2021, DWR and the SWRCB submitted a report to the Legislature recommending that urban water suppliers achieve an indoor water use efficiency standard of 55 gallons per capita per day (gpcd) by 2023, declining to 47 gpcd by 2025, and 42 gpcd by 2030 and beyond. If adopted by the Legislature, the standards recommended by DWR and the SWRCB would be implemented at the water supplier level and would not apply to individual customers. Thus, the City would be responsible for achieving compliance with these standards.

To estimate and achieve the indoor water use standards, the City will need to calculate their urban water use objective (UWUO), assess whether actual water use met the UWUO, and report the outcome and supporting information in the Annual Water Use Report by January 1 of each year, starting in 2024. The 16 Oakdale Irrigation District, 2020 Agricultural Water Management Plan, Prepared by Davids Engineering, Inc., March, 2021, page 5-31.

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City would use the landscape area measurements provided by DWR in partnership with Eagle Aerial Solutions to estimate outdoor water use and determine indoor water use.17 At this time, the City has met and is exceeding their SBX7-7 2020 target of 179 gpcd established in the UWMP, which combines indoor and outdoor use. As shown in Figure 1, future per capita use is projected to remain below the target closer to 150 gpcd. With the recommended indoor water use efficiency, DWR’s objective is to satisfy Water Code 10609.2(d) to achieve a statewide aggregate urban water use that is less than the SB X7-7 statewide 2020 target of 159 gpcd.

The report, required under the water conservation legislation enacted in 2018 (AB 1668 and Senate Bill 606), is intended to inform the Legislature as it considers next steps to advance progressive and achievable indoor residential water use standards. The report notes that the current statewide median indoor residential water use is 48 gpcd, and that a quarter of California households already use less than 42 gpcd.

The recommendation follows the release of the Indoor Residential Water Use Study, 18 authored by DWR,
which corroborates those numbers. Indoor residential water use is expected to decline even in the absence of legislation lowering the residential indoor standard due to plumbing code requirements and more efficient appliances and fixtures being used in existing and new homes. 17 https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Water-Use-And-Efficiency/2018-Water-Conservation-Legislation/Urban-Water-UseEfficiency-Standards-Variances-and-Performance-Measures 18 https://water.ca.gov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Programs/Water-Use-And-Efficiency/2018-Water-ConservationLegislation/Performance-Measures/NEW_Results-of-the-Indoor-Residential-Water-Use-Study.pdf 2020 Target: 179 gpcd
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
Potable Water Demand (gpcd)
Historical
Projected
Figure 1: Historical, Current, and Projected Per Capita Water Demands Source: TM #3 – City Growth & Development Study
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On July 29, 2022, the Governor convened local water leaders to call for their continued action to drive down urban water use and help Californians make permanent changes to adapt to a hotter and drier future. At the meeting, the Governor again urged leaders of the State’s largest urban water suppliers to continue local efforts to cut back water usage in the face of limited supplies due to extreme heat and dry weather. He also underscored the urgency of reporting monthly water use data as quickly as possible so the State can more effectively monitor progress in real time.

The SWRCB’s most recent conservation emergency regulation, which went into effect on June 10, 2022, bans irrigation of decorative grass on commercial, industrial, and institutional premises and requires suppliers to implement the water-saving actions that they included in Level 2 of their water shortage contingency plans. The ban is estimated to save between 156,000 AF and 260,000 AF annually, the equivalent of water used by 780,000 households in a year.

The stricter water rules that were adopted for Manteca residents and businesses are as follows:
19 • No irrigation is allowed during or within 48 hours following measurable rainfall as defined by storms that generate run-off or puddles.
• No watering is allowed on Monday or any day between noon and 6 p.m. Watering for even addresses is on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday while odd addresses can water on Wednesday, Friday, and Sunday.
• No water will be allowed on any day at any time for washing off sidewalks, driveways, patios, parking lots, or other exterior non-landscaped areas without a permit obtained from the Manteca Public Works Department office at the Civic Center.
• No water will be allowed to flow into a gutter or other drainage area for longer than 5 minutes.

All water leaks or malfunctions in plumbing or irrigation systems must be fixed within 24 hours.

Penalties include a written notice on the first violation, a $100 fine with applicable fees on the second violation that may be waived by attending a water conservation workshop, a $200 fine with applicable fees on the third violation, and $500 fines for each and every subsequent violation plus applicable fees.

3.7 Salt and Nitrate Control Program (CV Salts)
In January 2020, certain Basin Plan Amendments to incorporate new strategies for addressing ongoing salt and nitrate accumulation in the Central Valley became effective. Reduction in urban water use standards, as described in Section 3.6 above, has the adverse effect of increasing salt and nitrate concentrations in wastewater by reducing the volume of water available for dilution. Further reduction in water use may exacerbate this condition and impact the City’s Wastewater Quality Control Facility (WQCF) and its ability to meet its discharge limits.

In the Central Valley, the Bay-Delta Plan contains numeric water quality objectives for certain specified water bodies for electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, sulfate, and chloride. The Bay-Delta Plan includes water quality objectives for electrical conductivity for the South Delta in the vicinity of the City’s discharge. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) National Recommended Water Quality Criteria for chloride recommends acute and chronic criteria for the protection of aquatic life. 19 Manteca/Ripon, The Bulletin, April 6, 2022.

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There are no USEPA water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic life for electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and sulfate. The Bay-Delta Plan includes numeric water quality criteria for the protection of agricultural and municipal beneficial uses. Water quality objectives previously identified in the City’s permit were struck down in the subsequent, more recent writing of the permit on the basis that water quality objectives provided in the Bay-Delta Plan were not lawfully applied in the discharge permit. The updated water quality objectives have not been approved by USEPA so were not applicable to the City at the time the permit was issued. However, this is not to say that the City will not be held to those objectives in the future.

For land application, the City implements best practical treatment or control (BPTC) in accordance with the Antidegradation Policy to ensure groundwater salinity concentrations do not increase significantly over current levels.

The SWRCB already found that the City’s discharge has the reasonable potential to cause or contribute to an in-stream excursion above the nitrate standard. The City is also challenged by recent groundwater limitations for nitrate and has been provided an extended time schedule for compliance with nitrate until April 2026.

Reduction in water use through conservation and how it affects the loading rates to the WQCF is currently being considered as part of the WQCF Phase IV project.

3.8 Drinking Water Quality
The SWRCB – Division of Drinking Water (DDW) regulates the City’s public water system (System No.

CA3910005) under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The City monitors the water quality for all constituents regulated by Title 22 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR) and the USEPA in addition to other non-regulated constituents. SWRCB adopted regulations are typically more stringent than the USEPA regulations for public drinking water. In the event SWRCB has not adopted separate standards, at minimum, public water systems must comply with federal standards established by USEPA.

Water quality constituents are regulated as either primary or secondary drinking water standards under Title 22. Primary standards protect public health by limiting the levels of contaminants in drinking water.

Secondary standards may have cosmetic effects (such as skin or tooth discoloration) or aesthetic effects (such as taste, odor, or color issues) in drinking water. Both primary and secondary standards are legally enforceable standards.

Constituents are grouped as bacteriological, inorganic chemicals (IOCs), volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), non-volatile synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs), radionuclides, lead and copper, disinfection byproducts (DBPs), and secondary constituents (general mineral/general physical).

Water quality monitoring is critical in ensuring the delivery of safe drinking water to the public. The City is required to monitor water quality in the distribution system and at the source for regulatory compliance purposes to ensure the public is provided with safe drinking water as well as the highest quality of water available from the City.

The following subsections detail the regulatory standards associated with applicable source water and distribution system constituent monitoring that are relevant to the City.

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3.8.1 Groundwater Rule – Bacteriological Monitoring
The federal Groundwater Rule (GWR) has been in effect since December 1, 2009. The purpose of the rule is to provide increased protection against microbial pathogens originating from a groundwater source.

The GWR requires that each system comply with the following four elements:
• Conduct periodic sanitary surveys for all groundwater systems; • Implement corrective action when a significant deficiency is identified or when a groundwater source is identified as the source of fecal contamination; • Conduct triggered source water monitoring in the event of a Total Coliform Rule (TCR) positive at a compliance sampling station; and
• Conduct monitoring to ensure treatment achieves 4-log treatment using inactivation or removal of viruses (in lieu of performing triggered source monitoring).

Systems with multiple groundwater sources are required to sample all “active” sources unless DDW has approved a plan identifying representative sources. If a TCR positive occurs while the City has active and/or standby sources in use, sampling would be triggered at all well locations actively in use.

3.8.2 Primary Drinking Water Standards
Inorganic Chemicals (IOCs): IOCs are regulated under the primary drinking water standards. Title 22 Section 64432 outlines the requirements for sampling.

Volatile and Non-Volatile Synthetic Organic Chemicals (VOCs and SOCs): Organic chemicals are regulated under the primary drinking water standards. Title 22 Sections 64444 and 64445 outline the requirements for sampling of organic chemicals which consist of VOCs and non-volatile SOCs. The City does not provide surface water treatment and is therefore only required to sample at the groundwater wells.

The maximum contaminant level (MCL) for 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP) became effective on December 14, 2017, which has resulted in detections at a few City wells, necessitating the implementation of treatment at those wells.

Radioactivity: Radioactivity is regulated under the primary drinking water standards. Title 22 Sections 64442 and 64443 outline the requirements for sampling of radionuclides. The frequency of monitoring of gross alpha particle activity, radium-226, radium-228, and uranium is determined based on the results from the most recent compliance period, review by DDW, and vulnerability of the water source to the radionuclide.

3.8.3 Secondary Constituents (General Mineral/General Physical [GM/GP]) Secondary parameters are associated with the aesthetic quality of water. Title 22 Section 64449 outlines the requirements for sampling of secondary constituents. Secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL) ranges are for those constituents where no fixed consumer acceptance contaminant level has been established. While the “Upper” and “Short Term” levels are acceptable on a necessary or temporary basis, respectively, maintaining levels below the recommended level is preferred.

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Active wells are required to comply with SMCLs. Standby wells are not required to comply with SMCLs; however, the City is required to monitor for them. In the event the City converts a standby well status to “active,” the City would be required to comply with SMCL standards, which may require treatment.

3.8.4 Standby Sources
Standby sources are defined as those sources that are only used for short-term emergency purposes. Two of the City’s groundwater wells are standby sources and are subject to reduced monitoring per Section 64414 of Title 22. The City must notify DDW within three days of activating a standby source. The notification must describe the reason for well activation as well as the duration of use.

Prior to activation, it is noted that in accordance with Section 64583, any well that has not been in operation for more than three months must be sampled for bacteriological quality prior to use. If the well sample is positive for coliform bacteria, it must be disinfected in accordance with the American Water Works Association (AWWA) C654-03 and resampled for bacteriological quality. Prior to activation, the results must be submitted to DDW for review and approval.

3.8.5 Bacteriological Quality
Bacteriological quality is regulated under the primary drinking water standards under the Revised Total Coliform Rule (rTCR). California’s rTCR was approved on May 28, 2021 and became effective on July 1, 2021. The rTCR updates the CCR to include the regulatory requirements of the Federal rTCR, which has been in effect since April 1, 2016. Between April 1, 2016 and July 1, 2021, public water systems were required to comply with both the California TCR and the Federal rTCR, concurrently. The rTCR revisions to the CCR include the new Coliform Treatment Technique requirement replacing the total coliform MCL, and a new Escherichia coli (E. coli) MCL regulatory limit. The rTCR establishes a “find-and-fix” approach for investigating and correcting causes of coliform problems within water distribution systems.

3.8.6 Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs)
Monitoring for disinfection byproducts (DBPs) is required for all types of water systems. DBPs include total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), haloacetic acids five (HAA5), chlorite, and bromate. Title 22 Section 64534.2 outlines the requirements for sampling of DBPs. For systems serving more than 10,000 people, it is required that eight dual sample sets be collected quarterly. The disinfectant used by the water wholesaler SSJID is chlorine, therefore, bromate and chlorite analyses are not required. For the City, Stage 2 TTHM and HAA5 compliance began on October 1, 2012.

3.8.7 Lead and Copper
In 1991, the USEPA published the Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) to control lead and copper in drinking water.

On January 15, 2021, the USEPA published the Lead and Coper Rule Revisions (LCRR) to update the LCR, which became effective on December 16, 2021. Notable changes in the LCRR include requiring lead testing in drinking water for 20% of both child-care facilities and schools annually (excluding facilities built ATTACHMENT 2
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after January 1, 2014) and requiring an inventory of water service lines, regardless of ownership.

Compliance with the following elements is required by October 16, 2024:
• A public inventory of lead water service lines and fittings, regardless of ownership, from water main to building inlet. Prior California regulation required inventory from the water main to the meter only. The LCRR will require water systems to also inventory the privately-owned portion from the water meter to the building inlet;
• An inventory of all schools within the service area; and • An inventory of all child-care centers within the service area.

Monitoring for lead and copper is required for all types of water systems. Title 22 Section 64675 outlines the requirements for tap sampling for lead and copper. The trigger level (TL), action level (AL), detection limit for reporting (DLR), and public health goal (PHG) for lead and copper are provided in Table 1.

Contaminant Trigger Level
(mg/L)
Action Level
(mg/L)
DLR1
(mg/L)
PHG2
(mg/L)
Lead 0.010 0.015 0.005 0.002
Copper NA 1.3 0.05 0.3
Notes:

1. DLR = Detection Limit for Reporting

2. PHG = Public Health Goal

3. Data from Title 22 Section 64678, Table 64678-A.

Table 1: Action Levels – Lead and Copper
Source: Compiled from Various USBR WY CVPIA 3406 (b)(2) Water Operations and Accounting Data The TL and AL are based on the 90th percentile of the total number of samples collected. The sample results are listed in ascending order and numbered from one to the total number of samples collected.

The result that corresponds to 90% of the total samples collected is the 90th percentile used to determine compliance with the TL and AL. The City is in compliance with both TLs and ALs for lead and copper based on 2021 monitoring results.

For systems serving from 10,001 up to 100,000 people, the standard number of tap samples is 60 and the reduced number of tap samples is 30. Frequency is reduced from once per year to once every three years if the 90th percentile levels do not exceed 0.005 mg/L for lead and 0.65 mg/L for copper. If results exceed the TL while still remaining below the AL, standard tap sampling is required annually. The City currently meets the regulatory criteria for reduced monitoring to 30 sites every three years.

The lead service line, child care facility, and school inventories will necessitate that the City dedicate the appropriate resources to conduct a data review and develop the inventories by the October 16, 2024 deadline.

3.8.8 Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR)
The USEPA uses the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring (UCM) program to collect data for contaminants suspected to be present in drinking water, but that do not have health-based standards set under the SDWA. Every five years USEPA reviews a list of contaminants, largely based on the Contaminant ATTACHMENT 2
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Candidate List (CCL). The CCL is a list of contaminants that USEPA publishes periodically for the purpose of determining which contaminants to regulate. The SDWA Amendments of 1996 provide for:
• Monitoring no more than 30 contaminants every five years; • Monitoring only a representative sample of public water systems serving less than 10,000 people; and
• Storing analytical results in a National Contaminant Occurrence Database.

The City, as a large public water system (PWS serving more than 10,000 people), is subject to the UCMR and is generally required to participate in the monitoring cycles. USEPA does not require systems to monitor standby sources. The number, types, and locations of samples are dictated by the UCMR cycle.

Any active sources including turnouts and wells are generally subject to the UCMR.

The fifth UCMR (UCMR 5) was published on December 27, 2021. PWSs will collect samples for 29 perand polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and lithium, during a 12-month period from January 2023 through December 2025.

The City will need to dedicate resources to conducting the monitoring and lab analyses.

3.8.9 Unregulated Constituents – Notification Levels
DDW has established health-based advisory levels for constituents that are not currently regulated. These levels are referred to as notification levels (NLs). These NLs are advisory in nature and are not enforceable standards, as such, monitoring for these constituents is not required. However, public notification is required in the event that any of these constituents is detected at or above the NLs. The list is continuously evolving and is posted to the SWRCB website.20

3.8.10 Recent and Upcoming Regulations
This section summarizes upcoming regulations that could affect monitoring requirements in the future.

The substances undergoing review and their related regulations are described below. • Perchlorate: DDW intends to review the perchlorate MCL; as part of the review process, their recommendation was to first establish a lower DLR to gather additional occurrence data and revise the MCL if the new data support development of a new standard. The DLR for perchlorate is reduced to 0.002 mg/L (from 0.004 mg/L) as of July 1, 2021 and will be further reduced to 0.001 mg/L on January 1, 2024. There have been no reportable detections at the City’s wells in recent history, and thus no anticipated effect on the City’s operations. • Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): In September 2020, DDW sent orders to select public water systems located near military facilities throughout California, excluding the City, requiring monitoring for PFAS under the authority of AB 756. Although the City is currently not required to monitor for PFAS, in the future, new understanding of the risks of PFAS in drinking water could 20 The current list of unregulated constituents with NLs can be found at:
https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/NotificationLevels.html ATTACHMENT 2
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result in more stringent drinking water standards and increased regulation concerning PFAS monitoring.
• Hexavalent Chromium (Chromium-VI): On May 31, 2017, the Superior Court of Sacramento County issued a judgment invalidating the hexavalent chromium MCL for drinking water. The court ordered the SWRCB to take the necessary actions to delete the hexavalent chromium MCL from the CCR, which became effective on September 11, 2017. Thus, as of September 11, 2017, the MCL for hexavalent chromium is no longer in effect. However, the MCL for total chromium of 50 ppb remains in place. The SWRCB is actively working to establish a new MCL of 10 micrograms per liter (μg/L) and has identified this as one of its priorities in 2023. Historically, the City has been in compliance with the proposed MCL and thus there is no anticipated effect on the City’s operations.
• Manganese: On February 16, 2023, DDW proposed revised NLs and response levels for manganese of 20 parts per billion (ppb) and 200 ppb, respectively. Manganese has been detected in the City’s treated water consistently at levels below the proposed NL. There is no anticipated effect on the City’s operations.
• Arsenic: California's revised arsenic MCL of 0.010 mg/L (or 10 μg/L) became effective on November 28, 2008. The DDW is currently investigating the technological and economic feasibility of lowering the MCL below the current State and federal MCL and closer to the PHG of

0.004 μg/L. DDW has identified this as one of its priorities in 2023.

The MCL is currently 2,500 times the PHG. While the City’s drinking water is treated to meet the current arsenic MCL, this has the potential to significantly impact the City and its operations as current levels are above the PHG. This MCL change can have the effect of potentially reducing the availability of groundwater in the City that is compliant with the new MCL and increase the City’s reliance on surface water.
• New MCLs: Three constituents currently unregulated with NLs (see Table 3-21) have been identified as priorities in 2023 including:
° Perfluoro-octanoic acid (PFOA);
° Perfluoro-octane sulfonic acid (PFOS); and
° N-nitroso-dimethylamine (NDMA).

MCLs for these constituents may be forthcoming. The potential effect on the City is currently unknown.
• MCL review and considered for revision: In 2017, the following three constituent MCLs were reviewed and at that time were not considered for revision in 2018. ° Cadmium;
° Mercury; and
° Styrene.

However, DDW has listed these as a priority in 2023 and thus changes may be forthcoming. There have been no reportable detections at the City’s wells in recent history and thus there is no anticipated effect on the City’s operations.

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• Disinfection Byproducts(DBPs): This has been identified by DDW as a priority for 2023. DBPs are currently regulated under Title 22, specifically for TTHMs and HAA5; however, the USEPA has been evaluating DBPs. During UCMR 4, expanded DBP monitoring beyond HAA5 was required including for HAA6Br and HAA9. The USEPA has also identified DBPs in the CCL 5 issued on November 14, 2022. It is conceivable that the USEPA may implement more stringent limits on existing DBPs or limits on other DBPs not currently regulated. The potential effect on the City is currently unknown.

4.0 FEDERAL PROTECTION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE
The protection of endangered species drives reservoir releases to downstream rivers during dry and critically dry periods in order to maintain flow for anadromous fish species. These releases can affect available storage and flow for water rights holders including SSJID and the City.

It is noted that from the perspective of some water purveyors, certain Bay-Delta watershed tributary rivers are already providing instream flows for the benefit of aquatic species through the Central Valley Project Improvement Act (CVPIA) 3406(b) provisions. Section 3406 (b)(2) of the CVPIA, Publ. L. No. 102- 575, Title XXXIV under the heading, “Fish, Wildlife, Improved Water Management & Conservation” states:
“Upon enactment of this title dedicate and manage annually 800,000 acre-feet of Central Valley Project yield for the primary purpose of implementing the fish, wildlife, and habitat restoration purposes and measures authorized by this title, to assist the State of California in its efforts to protect the waters of the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary; and to help meet such obligations as may be legally imposed upon the Central Valley Project under state or federal law following the date of enactment of this title, including but not limited to additional obligations under the federal Endangered Species Act…”
“For the purposes of this section, the term ‘Central Valley Project yield’ means the delivery capability of the Central Valley Project during the 1928-1934 drought period after fishery, water quality, and other flow and operational requirements imposed by terms and conditions existing in licenses, permits, and other agreements pertaining to the Central Valley Project under applicable State or Federal law existing at the time of enactment of this title have been met.” Stanislaus River releases are conducted in accordance with the CVPIA mandate to “provide flows of suitable quality, quantity, and timing to protect all life stages of anadromous fish...” even in a critically dry year. Figure 2 is an example of these water actions. It shows the (b)(2) water actions on the hydrology of the Stanislaus River for WY 2013-2014 and the 2014 irrigation season under critically dry conditions.

Releases from Goodwin Dam attained 2,500 cubic feet per second (cfs) for the latter half of April and approximately 2,100 cfs for the early half of May. Flows out of Goodwin Reservoir typically would be around 700 cfs.

Table 1 provides a summary of the CVPIA water allocation from 2015 to 2020. Between 2015 and 2020, the CVPIA Section 3406(b)(2) allocations provided by the Stanislaus River peaked at 178,300 AF in 2018, after a low of only 9,000 AF the year before.

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WY Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Total 2020 12.1 2.6 3.3 35.0 29.0 15.9 8.1 106.0
2019 13.7 6.0 19.7
2018 2.1 61.2 68.9 36.1 5.0 5.0 178.3
2017 0.4 0.5 0.9
2016 5.5 4.6 4.3 2.6 16.5 38.5 12.9 84.9
2015 19.1 9.1 0.5 16.2 0.7 45.6
Table 2: Final WY CVPIA 3406 (b)(2) Water Allocation (Total AF) Source: Compiled from Various USBR WY CVPIA 3406 (b)(2) Water Operations and Accounting Data Total (b)(2) reservoir releases in WY 2014 were 136,600 AF from Goodwin Reservoir and ultimately from New Melones Reservoir upstream. During the irrigation season of April-May, total (b)(2) water allocation was about 103,000 AF. This can be seen as the blue flow peak during April-May above the red baseline flow. This was water released to support fishery actions. As shown in Figure 3, under wet conditions, the (b)(2) water obligations changes markedly. See how little to no water is used for WY 2011 (b)(2) fishery action purposes.

From the outset of WY 2021-22, the USBR and other federal water agencies recognized the precarious nature of the continuing drought, particularly, in the water-short Central Valley of California. Water curtailment and shortage warnings became more restrictive as the true nature of the hydrologic situation unfolded. Even as early as February 2022, the USBR was putting south-of-Delta Contractors on notice that:

Figure 2: Stanislaus River Fishery Action Releases under CVPIA Relative to Baseline Conditions (Critically Dry)
Source: WY 2014 CVPIA Section 3406(b)(2) Operations and Accounting, CalFED Operations Group, January 2015 ATTACHMENT 2
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• Irrigation water service and repayment contractors south-of-Delta are allocated 0% of their contract total.
• Municipal and industrial water service and repayment contractors south-of-Delta are allocated 25% of their historical use.
• For San Joaquin River Exchange Contractors and San Joaquin Settlement Contractors, the 2022 WY is designated as a critical year, as defined in their contracts.

Apart from Bay-Delta related supply curtailments, the federal agencies under the Department of the Interior began re-consultations under the federal Endangered Species Act on 2019 Biological Opinions for water deliveries from both the CVP and SWP. This has been aggressively protested by political interests in the Central Valley.

On August 8, 2022, Congressman David G. Valadao (CA-21), Congresswoman Connie Conway (CA-22), and House Republican Leader Kevin McCarthy (CA-23) led the entire California Republican delegation and Western Caucus Chairman Dan Newhouse (WA-04) in a letter to Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland expressing concerns with the Department of the Interior’s re-consultation process on the 2019 Biological Opinions for water deliveries from the CVP and SWP. The overarching concern was that re-consultations will result in less water for Central Valley farmers and communities.

The announcement from the USBR regarding re-consultations was addressed to three irrigation districts in the farming communities along the Oregon-California border. It marks the end of available water that can be diverted from Upper Klamath Lake, the large body of water that feeds farms and several National Wildlife Refuges along the State line.

Figure 3: Stanislaus River Fishery Action Releases under CVPIA Relative to Baseline Conditions (Wet)
Source: WY 2012 CVPIA §3406(b)(2) Operations and Accounting, CalFED Operations Group, January 2013 ATTACHMENT 2
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APPENDIX A

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT STATE OF CALIFORNIA
EXECUTIVE ORDER N-7-22
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EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

STATE OF CALIFORNIA
EXECUTIVE ORDER N-7-22
WHEREAS on April 12, 202 l, May l 0, 2021, July 8, 202 l, and October 19, 2021, I proclaimed states of emergency that continue today and exist across all the counties of California, due to extreme and expanding drought conditions; and
WHEREAS climate change continues to intensify the impacts of droughts on our communities, environment, and economy, and California is in a third consecutive year of dry conditions, resulting in continuing drought in all parts of the State; and
WHEREAS the 21st century to date has been characterized by record warmth and predominantly dry conditions, and the 2021 meteorological summer in California and the rest of the western United States was the hottest on record; and
WHEREAS since my October 19, 2021 Proclamation, early rains in October and December 2021 gave way to the driest January and February in recorded history for the watersheds that provide much of California's water supply; and WHEREAS the ongoing drought will have significant, immediate impacts on communities with vulnerable water supplies, farms that rely on irrigation to grow food and fiber, and fish and wildlife that rely on stream flows and cool water; and
WHEREAS the two largest reservoirs of the Central Valley Project, which supplies water to farms and communities in the Central Valley and the Santa Clara Valley and provides critical cold-water habitat for salmon and other anadromous fish, have water storage levels that are approximately l .1 million acre-feet below last year's low levels on this date; and WHEREAS the record-breaking dry period in January and February and the absence of significant rains in March have required the Department of Water Resources to reduce anticipated deliveries from the State Water Project to 5 percent of requested supplies; and
WHEREAS delivery of water by bottle or truck is necessary to protect human safety and public health in those places where water supplies are disrupted; and
WHEREAS groundwater use accounts for 41 percent of the State's total water supply on an average annual basis but as much as 58 percent in a critically dry year, and approximately 85 percent of public water systems rely on groundwater as their primary supply; and
WHEREAS coordination between local entities that approve permits for new groundwater wells and local groundwater sustainability agencies is important to achieving sustainable levels of groundwater in critically overdrafted basins; and
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WHEREAS the duration of the drought, especially following a multiyear drought that abated only five years ago, underscores the need for California to redouble near-, medium-, and long-term efforts to adapt its water management and delivery systems to a changing climate, shifting precipitation patterns, and water scarcity; and
WHEREAS the most consequential, immediate action Californians can take to extend available supplies is to voluntarily reduce their water use by 15 percent from their 2020 levels by implementing the commonsense measures identified in operative paragraph 1 of Executive Order N-10-21 (July 8, 2021 ); and
WHEREAS to protect public health and safety, it is critical the State take certain immediate actions without undue delay to prepare for and mitigate the effects of the drought conditions, and under Government Code section 8571, I find that strict compliance with various statutes and regulations specified in this Proclamation would prevent, hinder, or delay the mitigation of the effects of the drought conditions.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, GAVIN NEWSOM, Governor of the State of California, in accordance with the authority vested in me by the State Constitution and statutes, including the California Emergency Services Act, and in particular, Government Code sections 8567, 8571, and 8627, do hereby issue the following Order to become effective immediately:

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT:

1. The orders and provisions contained in my April 21, 2021, May 10, 2021, July 8, 2021, and October 19, 2021 Proclamations remain in fu ll force and effect, except as modified by those Proclamations and herein.

State agencies shall continue to implement all directions from those Proclamations and accelerate implementation where feasible.

2. To help the State achieve its conservation goals and ensure sufficient water for essential indoor and outdoor use, I call on all Californians to strive to limit summertime water use and to use water more efficiently indoors and out. The statewide Save Our Water conservation campaign at SaveOurWater.com provides simple ways for Californians to reduce water use in their everyday lives. Furthermore, I encourage Californians to understand and track the amount of water they use and measure their progress toward their conservation goals.

3. By May 25, .2022, the State Water Resources Control Board (Water Board) shall consider adopting emergency regulations that include all of the following:
a. A requirement that each urban water supplier, as defined in section 10617 of the Water Code, shall submit to the Department of Water Resources a preliminary annual water supply and demand assessment consistent with section 10632.1 of the Water Code no later than June 1, 2022, and submit a final annual water ATTACHMENT 2
supply and demand assessment to the Department of Water Resources no later than the deadline set by section 10632.1 of the Water Code;
b. A requirement that each urban water supplier that has submitted a water shortage contingency plan to the
Department of Water Resources implement, at a minimum, the shortage response actions adopted under section 10632 of the Water Code for a shortage level of up to twenty percent (Level 2), by a date to be set by the Water Board; and
c. A requirement that each urban water supplier that has not submitted a water shortage contingency plan to the
Department of Water Resources implement, at a minimum,
shortage response actions established by the Water Board, which shall take into consideration model actions that the Department of Water Resources shall develop for urban water supplier water shortage contingency planning for Level 2, by a date to be set by the Water Board.

To further conserve water and improve drought resiliency if the drought lasts beyond this year, I encourage urban water suppliers to conserve more than required by the emergency regulations described in this paragraph and to voluntarily activate more stringent local requirements based on a shortage level of up to thirty percent (Level 3).

4. To promote water conservation, the Department of Water Resources shall consult with leaders in the commercial, industrial, and institutional sectors to develop strategies for improving water conservation, including direct technical assistance, financial assistance, and other approaches. By May 25, 2022, the Water Board shall consider adopting emergency regulations defining "non-functional turf" (that is, a definition of turf that is ornamental and not otherwise used for human recreation purposes such as school fields, sports fields, and parks) and banning irrigation of non-functional turf in the commercial, industrial, and institutional sectors except as it may be required to ensure the health of trees and other perennial non-turf plantings.

5. In order to maximize the efficient use of water and to preserve water supplies critical to human health and safety and the environment, Public Resources Code, Division 13 (commencing with section 21000) and regulations adopted pursuant to that Division are hereby suspended, with respect to the directives in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Order and any other projects and activities for the purpose of water conservation to the extent necessary to address the impacts of the drought, and any permits necessary to carry out such projects or activities. Entities that desire to conduct activities under this suspension, other than the directives in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Order, shall first request that the Secretary of the Natural Resources Agency make a determination that the proposed activities are eligible to be conducted under this suspension. The Secretary shall use sound discretion in applying this Executive Order to ensure that the suspension serves the purpose of accelerating conservation projects that are necessary to address impacts of the drought, while at the same time ATTACHMENT 2
protecting public health and the environment. The entities implementing these directives or conducting activities under this suspension shall maintain on their websites a list of all activities or approvals for which these provisions are suspended.

6. To support voluntary approaches to improve fish habitat that would require change petitions under Water Code section 1707 and either Water Code sections 1425 through 1432 or Water Code sections 1725 through 1732, and where the primary purpose is to improve conditions for fish, the Water Board shall expeditiously consider petitions that add a fish and wildlife beneficial use or point of diversion and place of storage to improve conditions for anadromous fish. California Code of Regulations, title 23, section 1064, subdivisions ( a) ( 1) (A) (i)-(ii) are suspended with respect to any petition that is subject to this paragraph.

7. To facilitate the hauling of water for domestic use by local communities and domestic water users threatened with the loss of water supply or degraded water quality resulting from drought, any ordinance, regulation, prohibition, policy, or requirement of any kind adopted by a public agency that prohibits the hauling of water out of the water's basin of origin or a public agency's jurisdiction is hereby suspended. The suspension authorized pursuant to this paragraph shall be limited to the hauling of water by truck or bottle to be used for human consumption, cooking, or sanitation in communities or residences threatened with the loss of affordable safe drinking water.

Nothing in this paragraph limits any public health or safety requirement to ensure the safety of hauled water.

8. The Water Board shall expand inspections to determine whether illegal diversions or wasteful or unreasonable use of water are occurring and bring enforcement actions against illegal diverters and those engaging in the wasteful and unreasonable use of water. When access is not granted by a property owner, the Water Board may obtain an inspection warrant pursuant to the procedures set forth in Title 13 (commencing with section 1822.50) of Part 3 of the Code of Civil Procedure for the purposes of conducting an inspection pursuant to this directive.

9. To protect health, safety, and the environment during this drought emergency, a county, city, or other public agency shall not:
a. Approve a permit for a new groundwater well or for alteration of an existing well in a basin subject to the Sustainable
Groundwater Management Act and classified as medium- or high-priority without first obtaining written verification from a Groundwater Sustainability Agency managing the basin or area of the basin where the well is proposed to be located that groundwater extraction by the proposed well would not be inconsistent with any sustainable groundwater management program established in any applicable Groundwater
Sustainability Plan adopted by that Groundwater Sustainability ATTACHMENT 2
Agency and would not decrease the likelihood of achieving a sustainability goal for the basin covered by such a plan; or b. Issue a permit for a new groundwater well or for alteration of an existing well without first determining that extraction of groundwater from the proposed well is (1) not likely to interfere with the production and functioning of existing nearby wells, and (2) not likely to cause subsidence that would adversely impact or damage nearby infrastructure.

This paragraph shall not apply to permits for wells that will provide less than two acre-feet per year of groundwater for individual domestic users, or that will exclusively provide groundwater to public water supply systems as defined in section 116275 of the Health and Safety Code.

10. To address household or small community drinking water shortages dependent upon groundwater wells that have failed due to drought conditions, the Department of Water Resources shall work with other state agencies to investigate expedited regulatory pathways to modify, repair, or reconstruct failed household or small community or public supply wells, while recognizing the need to ensure the sustainability of such wells as provided for in paragraph 9.

11. State agencies shall collaborate with tribes and federal, regional, and local agencies on actions related to promoting groundwater recharge and increasing storage.

12. To help advance groundwater recharge projects, and to demonstrate the feasibility of projects that can use available high water flows to recharge local groundwater while minimizing flood risks, the Water Board and Regional Water Quality Control Boards shall prioritize water right permits, water quality certifications, waste discharge requirements, and conditional waivers of waste discharge requirements to accelerate approvals for projects that enhance the ability of a local or state agency to capture high precipitation events for local storage or recharge, consistent with water right priorities and protections for fish and wildlife. For the purposes of carrying out this paragraph, Division 13 (commencing with section 21000) of the Public Resources Code and regulations adopted pursuant to that Division, and Chapter 3 ( commencing with section 85225) of Part 3 of Division 35 of the Water Code and regulations adopted pursuant thereto are hereby suspended to the extent necessary to address the impacts of the drought. This suspension applies to (a) any actions taken by state agencies, (b) any actions taken by local agencies where the state agency with primary responsibility for the implementation of the directives concurs that local action is required, and (c) permits necessary to carry out actions under (a) or (b). The entities implementing these directives shall maintain on their websites a list of all activities or approvals for which these provisions are suspended.

13. With respect to recharge projects under either Flood-Managed Aquifer Recharge or the Department of Water Resources Sustainable ATTACHMENT 2
Groundwater Management Grant Program occurring on open and working lands to replenish and store water in groundwater basins that will help mitigate groundwater conditions impacted by drought, for any (a) actions taken by state agencies, (b) actions taken by a local agency where the Department of Water Resources concurs that local action is required, and (c) permits necessary to carry out actions under (a) or (b), Public Resources Code, Division 13 (commencing with section 21000) and regulations adopted pursuant to that Division are hereby suspended to the extent necessary to address the impacts of the drought. The entities implementing these directives shall maintain on their websites a list of all activities or approvals for which these provisions are suspended.

14. To increase resilience of.state water supplies during prolonged drought conditions, the Department of Water Resources shall prepare for the potential creation and implementation of a multi-year transfer program pilot project for the purpose of acquiring water from willing partners and storing and conveying water to areas of need.

15. By April 15, 2022, state agencies shall submit to the Department of Finance for my consideration proposals to mitigate the worsening effects of severe drought, including emergency assistance to communities and households and others facing water shortages as a result of the drought, facilitation of groundwater recharge and wastewater recycling, improvements in water use efficiency, protection of fish and wildlife, mitigation of drought-related economic or water-supply disruption, and other potential investments to support short- and long-term drought response.

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that as soon as hereafter possible, this Order be filed in the Office of the Secretary of State and that widespread publicity and notice be given of this Order.

This Order is not intended to, and does not, create any rights or benefits, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity, against the State of California, its agencies, departments, entities, officers, employees, or any other person.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF I have hereunto set
my hand and caused the Great Seal of the
State of California to be affixed this 28th
day of March 2022.

I I
,:, .
l · I'
t (.1 I
l~~-~-- GAVIN NEWSOM
Governor of California
ATTEST:

SHIRLEY N. WEBER, PH.D.

Secretary of State
ATTACHMENT 2
www.hydroscience.com

APPENDIX E
City of Manteca
Water Master Plan
SCADA Data
ATTACHMENT 2
www.hydroscience.com
Table A-1: Facility Set Points for October 27, 2021
Well No. Target Target Blend %
Well 12 51 psi 50%
Well 14 55 psi -
Well 15 54 psi 53%
Well 16 56 psi 35%
Well 17 48 psi -
Well 18 Offline
Well 20 Offline
Well 22 48 psi 45%
Well 23 57 psi 50%
Well 24 1,000 gpm 33% @ Atherton Tank
Well 25 56 psi 80%
Well 27 53 psi 50%
Well 28 53 psi -
Well 29 53 psi 75%
CATF (Wells 13, 19, & 21) 49 psi 30 – 55%
Atherton Tank 49 psi 33%
LAPS 16” 46 psi -
ATTACHMENT 2
www.hydroscience.com

APPENDIX F
City of Manteca
Water Master Plan
Near-Term Development Tables
ATTACHMENT 2
VILLA
TICINO
WEST

OAKWOOD
TRAILS

TRAILS AT

MANTECA

GRIFFIN PARK
DENALI

CYRUS LANE

APARTMENTS

STEWART
STREET

APARTMENTS
LUXURY

APARTMENTS

VALENCIA
PLACE

APARTMENTS

MADAN DAS

APARTMENTS

DIAMOND
VILLAS

SUNDANCE
UNIT 3

DEJONG ESTATES
UNIT 2
TERRA
RANCH
UNIT 3
TERRA
RANCH
UNIT 2

SHADOWBROOK
NEIGHBORHOOD 2

ATHERTON HOMES AT

WOODWARD PARK I
DEJONG
ESTATES UNIT 5

DEJONG ESTATES
UNIT 3

OLEANDER

ESTATES
UNIT 4
TERRA
RANCH
TERRA UNIT 5
RANCH
UNIT 4

ATHERTON HOMES AT

WOODWARD PARK V

SUNDANCE
UNIT 5

ATHERTON HOMES AT

WOODWARD PARK II

ATHERTON HOMES AT

WOODWARD PARK IV
CERRI UNIT 1
CERRI UNIT 2

GRIFFIN
PARK UNIT 1

GRIFFIN PARK
UNIT 2

GRIFFIN
PARK
UNIT 3

WACKERLY

VINTAGE II
CERRI
UNIT
3 GRIFFIN PARK
UNIT 4
CERRI
UNIT
4 NORTH MAIN

COMMONS

YOSEMITE
GREENS

SHADOWBROOK
NEIGHBORHOOD 4

SHADOWBROOK
NEIGHBORHOOD 3

SHADOWBROOK
NEIGHBORHOOD 1
CERRI UNIT 5

THOMAS STREET

SUBDIVISION

S UNION AND

WOODWARD

SUBDIVISION

HAT RANCH

TERRA RANCH
UNIT 6
LEWIS

ESTATES
DUTRA

STAGECOACH
AT M&E

STAGECOACH AT

MARCHESOTTI
UNION
RANCH
NORTH

YOSEMITE
SQUARE
4-C RANCH

UNION RANCH

NORTH APTS

STAGECOACH

AT M&E APTS

LUMINA AT

MACHADO
RANCH
UNION

CROSSING
APTS
SOMA

APARTMENTS

PARADISE VILLA

TOWNHOMES
320 N AIRPORT WAY

PROSE MANTECA

YOSEMITE APARTMENTS

THE ADDRESS

TOWNHOMES

KIPER AT

INDELICATO

E SOUTHLAND RD

E NORTH ST

W ALAMEDA ST
ELM AV

PARK AV

S VEACH AV

CHERRY LN
N UN
OI N R
D

E ALAMEDA ST

PESTANA AV
S
A
U
S

T N R I D

SYCAMORE AV

WAWONA ST

LOCUST AV

LUPTON ST

EL CAPITAN AV

S PUEBLO DR
VA
N
R
YN AV

NORTHGATE DR

WAWONA ST
S
A
U
STI
N
R
D

BIRCHWOOD ST

FISHBACK RD

COWELL AV
S
POWER
S
AV
S
O
N
ORA
AV

N LINCO
L
N
AV

AGATE AV

N O RMAN DR

DANIELS ST

N FREMONT ST

WINTERS DR

CROM ST

SEQUOIA AV

GRAFTON ST
LONDON
AV

MISSION RIDGE DR

HASTINGS DR

MARION ST

ARGONAUT ST

MINGO WY

PICADILLY WY

DAISYWOOD DR
N VA
S

CONCELLO
S
AV
TRAI
LWOOD
AV

E EDISON ST

DIABLO VIEW DR

SLATE ST

HACIENDA AV

MARTHA ST

BELLCHASE DR

MIRASSOU DR

GLEN ABBEY DR

GOLDEN POND
D
R
S UNI
O
N
R
D

MERIDIAN ST

MONO ST

KELLEYDR

CRESCENT AV

COLLINS ST

CHESTNUT HILL DR

FEATHER RD

MAPLE VALLEY ST
E
L
P
O
RTA
L
AV

BOLTON LN
GALLE
RIA
DR

PINE ST

CATMINT ST

ARBOR BROOK DR
S HWY 99 E FR RD

W ATHERTON DR

FOXFIRE DR

MOFFAT BL

PILLSBURY RD

SPRECKE
L
S
AV

HARVEST MILL DR

RACCOON VAL LEY
D
R

SIXTH ST

POPLAR AV

BUTTON AV

STONEBRIDGE LN
S HWY
9 9
W
FR R
D

N SHERMAN AV
N

N GRANT AV
MAP
L
E AV

S OLEANDER AV

E PEACH AV

E ATHERTON DR

W QUINTAL RD

SOUTHLAND RD

TINNIN RD

CHRISTOPHER WY

W FREWERT RD
S HWY 99 E FR RD

E NORTHLAND RD

AVON AV

DANIELS ST

E SEDAN AV

MURPHY PK

W JOSEPH RD

E VIERRA RD

E BRONZAN RD

TE RRACINACI

S BUSINESS PARK CT

E FIG AV

E LOVELACE RD
S CA
STL
E RD

E GRAVES RD

E LOUISE AV

E SOUTHLAND RD

W ATHERTON DR

W YOSEMITE AV E YOSEMITE AV S MAIN ST

W LATHROP RD

W LOUISE AV

S YOSEMITE AV
E

WOODWARD
AV

N AIRPORT WY

S AIRPORT WY
N AUS
T
NI R
D

MCKINLEY AV

E LATHROP RD
G ST

W WOODWARD AV
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000
Feet
¯
Data on this map is intended for general use and informational purposes only. The City of Manteca does not warrant the accuracy, quality, or completeness of data or suitability for any particular purpose. Information on this map is not intended to replace engineering, survey, or other primary research methods.
*Remaining Subdivision Lots (awaiting plot plan approval) used for calculation instead of Total Subdivision Lots.

GRAND TOTAL OF ALL UNITS AND LOTS* 10,902
TOTAL FINALIZED AND UNDER APPLICATION APARTMENT UNITS 1,854 TOTAL FINALIZED AND ENTITLED SUBDIVISION LOTS* 4,965
TOTAL UNDER APPLICATION LOTS AND UNITS 5,540
TOTAL FINALIZED LOTS AND UNITS* 1,337
UNDER APPLICATION APARTMENT UNITS 1,457
UNDER APPLICATION SUBDIVISION LOTS 4,083
ENTITLED SUBDIVISION LOTS 4,025
FINALIZED APARTMENT UNITS 397
FINALIZED SUBDIVISION LOTS (REMAINING) 940
FINALIZED SUBDIVISION LOTS (TOTAL) 2,903
TOTALS
SUBDIVISION Preliminary Review 320 N AIRPORT WAY 123
3/31/2021 SUBDIVISION Preliminary Review 4-C RANCH 81
5/17/2021 SUBDIVISION Preliminary Review DUTRA 197
9/3/2019 SUBDIVISION Preliminary Review HAT RANCH 740
SUBDIVISION Preliminary Review KIPER AT INDELICATO 185
SUBDIVISION Preliminary Review LEWIS ESTATES 53
5/26/2020 SUBDIVISION Preliminary Review LUMINA AT MACHADO RANCH 827 SUBDIVISION Preliminary Review PARADISE VILLAS TOWNHOMES 53 APARTMENTS Preliminary Review PROSE MANTECA 420
6/20/2019 SUBDIVISION Preliminary Review S UNION AND WOODWARD SUBDIVISION 11 APARTMENTS Preliminary Review SOMA APARTMENTS 210
11/24/2020 SUBDIVISION Preliminary Review STAGECOACH AT M&E 240 11/24/2020 APARTMENTS Preliminary Review STAGECOACH AT M&E APTS 250 11/24/2020 SUBDIVISION Preliminary Review STAGECOACH AT MARCHESOTTI 560 SUBDIVISION Preliminary Review TERRA RANCH UNIT 6 60
APARTMENTS Preliminary Review THE ADDRESS TOWNHOMES 13
1/15/2020 SUBDIVISION Preliminary Review THOMAS STREET SUBDIVISION 50 2/22/2021 APARTMENTS Preliminary Review UNION CROSSING APTS 300 4/12/2021 SUBDIVISION Preliminary Review UNION RANCH NORTH 417 4/12/2021 APARTMENTS Preliminary Review UNION RANCH NORTH APTS 200 APARTMENTS Preliminary Review YOSEMITE APARTMENTS 64
6/8/2021 SUBDIVISION Preliminary Review YOSEMITE SQUARE 486 Application Date Type Status Project Name Total Lots/Units UNDER APPLICATION (Subdivisions and Apartments)
12/14/2015 6/5/2020 6/5/2023 DENALI 315
10/3/2017 4/9/2019 4/9/2021 GRIFFIN PARK 1219
10/31/2013 12/15/2015 12/15/2017 OAKWOOD TRAILS 676
3/25/2009 2/15/2011 4/3/2025 TRAILS AT MANTECA 1055
7/14/2014 7/21/2015 1/6/2026 VILLA TICINO WEST 760
Application Date Tentative Map Expiration Date Project Name Total Lots ENTITLED SUBDIVISIONS (Approved Tentative Map, Pending Final Map) 10/18/2017 12/12/2017 12/12/2019 CYRUS LANE APARTMENTS 9 5/27/2020 9/1/2020 09/01/2023 DIAMOND VILLAS 43
10/7/2016 11/27/2018 11/27/2020 LUXURY APARTMENTS 132
2/25/2020 2/25/2022 MADAN DAS APARTMENTS 9
10/31/2017 9/25/2018 9/25/2020 STEWART STREET APARTMENTS 12 12/20/2018 5/28/2019 5/28/2021 VALENCIA PLACE PHASE II 192 Application Date Approval Date Expiration Date Project Name Total Units FINALIZED APARTMENT UNITS (Approved Site Plan, Ready for Building Permits) 4/3/2013 3/21/2016 N/A ATHERTON HOMES AT WOODWARD PARK I 101 2 3/24/2015 9/21/2018 N/A ATHERTON HOMES AT WOODWARD PARK II 38 4 3/24/2015 5/29/2019 N/A ATHERTON HOMES AT WOODWARD PARK IV 66 2 3/24/2015 11/14/2019 N/A ATHERTON HOMES AT WOODWARD PARK V 81 6 2/8/2016 2/2/2021 N/A CERRI UNIT 1 21 17
2/8/2016 2/2/2021 N/A CERRI UNIT 2 262 61
2/8/2016 8/23/2021 N/A CERRI UNIT 3 102 58
2/8/2016 8/17/2021 N/A CERRI UNIT 4 138 108
2/8/2016 12/20/2021 N/A CERRI UNIT 5 132 132
5/28/2015 2/15/2018 N/A DEJONG ESTATES UNIT 2 130 1
5/28/2015 12/17/2018 N/A DEJONG ESTATES UNIT 3 72 7
5/28/2015 12/27/2018 N/A DEJONG ESTATES UNIT 5 78 18
10/3/2017 6/11/2021 N/A GRIFFIN PARK UNIT 1 100 45
10/3/2017 6/11/2021 N/A GRIFFIN PARK UNIT 2 56 17
10/3/2017 6/11/2021 N/A GRIFFIN PARK UNIT 3 100 54
10/3/2017 9/3/2021 N/A GRIFFIN PARK UNIT 4 57 20
6/28/2017 9/3/2021 N/A NORTH MAIN COMMONS 154 57
4/19/2005 12/11/2018 N/A OLEANDER ESTATES UNIT 4 135 1
6/18/2004 5/28/2019 3/2/2024 SHADOWBROOK NEIGHBORHOOD 1 115 5 6/18/2004 1/31/2022 3/2/2024 SHADOWBROOK NEIGHBORHOOD 2 103 80 6/18/2004 5/28/2019 3/2/2024 SHADOWBROOK NEIGHBORHOOD 3 84 4 6/18/2004 12/29/2021 3/2/2024 SHADOWBROOK NEIGHBORHOOD 4 76 50 12/22/2004 7/16/2018 N/A SUNDANCE UNIT 3 134 26
12/22/2004 3/20/2020 10/18/2023 SUNDANCE UNIT 5 129 9
4/20/2015 5/25/2018 N/A TERRA RANCH UNIT 2 58 5
4/20/2015 5/25/2018 N/A TERRA RANCH UNIT 3 52 9
4/20/2015 8/20/2019 N/A TERRA RANCH UNIT 4 52 3
4/20/2015 8/20/2019 N/A TERRA RANCH UNIT 5 50 9
1/8/2020 7/23/2021 N/A VINTAGE II 68 22
6/21/2018 6/23/2021 N/A WACKERLY 60 27
10/1/2018 3/23/2022 N/A YOSEMITE GREENS 99 81
Application Date Latest Final Map Expiration Date Project Name Total Lots Remaining Lots* *Remaining lots are awaiting plot plan approval
FINALIZED SUBDIVISION LOTS (Approved Final Map, Pending Plot Plan Approval) MAY 1, 2022

FINISHED, ENTITLED, AND

PENDING LOTS/UNITS
ATTACHMENT 2
Name Project # Location Developer/Builder
BBVA - ATM Install MPM-21-141 201 N Main St KESA / James Spix Austin Self Storage SPC-20-094 183 S. Austin Rd John Pinedo 7 ELEVEN SPC-20-31 1110 N MAIN ST JM Stitt Construction TRU HOTEL SPC-19-045 180 Northwoods Ave SPJ Construction STAYBRIDGE SUITES SPC-18-126 1878 Daniels St SPJ Construction NUR AL-HUDA ACADEMY SPC-18-054 1085 S Union Nur Al-Huda Academy Corp Manteca Medical Building LLA-22-002 2077 W Yosemite Ave MPVCA Manteca LLC/Indrajit Obeysekere
Manteca Assisted Living SPC-18-092 1852 W Yosemite Ave Sandip Patel Name Project # Location Developer/Builder
U-Haul Storage UPJ-21-090 255 Northgate Dr U-Haul / Chris Trudell CenterPoint DA DDA-16-151 S Roth Rd and W Airport Way William Lu/CenterPoint Properties Trust
Pinkberry SPC-21-084 603 E Yosemite Ave Magallon Construction co / Manuel Magallon

ENTITLED/NOT YET UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Description
Conversion of K-Mart to UHaul moving and storage
Consider amendment to
the CenterPoint
Agreement
Drive-thru yogurt store
Convenience store and
fuel pumps
4 story hotel with 78
rooms
4 story hotel with 101
rooms
29,420 sqft building
classrooms only
Lot line adjustment
Assisted living facility, 88
beds

CITY OF MANTECA COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT PIPELINE REPORT
Status as of Juy 1, 2022

UNDER CONSTRUCTION / READY TO BUILD
Description
Add new ATM
New 50,820 sqft storage
with 1420 sqft office
ATTACHMENT 2
Name Project # Description Location Developer/Builder
Rotten Robbie SPC-19-109 1014 S. Airport Way
Dave Mordic & Project Manager, John
Hicks
Woodbridge West Retail SPC-20-080 Lathrop Rd Rod Alonzo & Art Nunes Chevron/Extra Mile SPC-20-129 1495 S. Union Rd Philip King CenterPoint South SPC-19-155 2205 N. Airport Way MCR Engineering/Shawn Samaniego B.E.S.T. Office Building SPC-21-021 398 W Lathrop Rd Jeff Sales Container Yard 2 Revision SPN-19-162 2205 N. Airport Way MCR Engineering/Shawn Samaniego Raymus Development Office Building SPC SPC-21-074 617 W Yosemite Ave Jag Construction Funsten Fence MPM-22-017 105 Industrial Park Dr Gary Burkert E Wetmore Office and Warehouse SPC-21-127 470 E Wetmore St Ken Fong Kaiser Emergency Dept. Ext. Canopy MPM-21-069 1777 W Yosemite Ave Teter, LLP ST ANTHONY'S CHURCH PARKING EXPANSION MPM-20-054 427 & 443 E North St St Anthony's Church ARCO EXPANSION SPC-20-003 1654 n Main St Krystina Uribes Warehouse Remodel & Conversion MPM-21-62 400 Industrial Park Zacharia Chemanooru Sunny Valley Meats Expansion SPC-21-061 2427 W Yosemite Ave Sunny Valley Meats 147 & 165 Commerce Ave SPC-21-162 147 & 165 Commerce Ave Kunba Enterprise LLC 87,071 sqft meat products
processing facility
Retail strip building
Fence construction border
of property
Office and warehouse
Emergency room canopy
Parking lot expansion
17 new storage bldgs
Remodel existing storage
warehouse.

Commercial shopping
center
Fueling station w/
convenience store and car
wash
Two concrete tilt-up wall
warehouse buildings
9660 sqft office building
w/ 1800 sqft storage
Modification to previously
approved site plan
Warehouse/office building
4800 sqft convenience
store and fuel station
ATTACHMENT 2
Name Project # Description Location Developer/Builder
Loma Brewing SPC-22-009 1077 Milo Candini Dr Loma Brewing / Kevin Youkilis Name Project # Location Developer/Builder
Daniels Center SPC-21-101
UPN-21-102
212 S Daniels St Jaspal Kamboj
Yosemite Retail SPC-21-149 1901 E Yosemite Ave Major Singh 226-100-20 Annexation ANX-21-172 7189 E Sedan Ave NorthStar Engineering Group AT&T Cell Tower CVL00841 UPJ-22-003 815 W Lathrop Rd New Cingular Wireless / Carl Jones Crossroads Plaza GPA-22-004 2064 N Union Rd Merced 18, LLC SR120/McKinley Interchange LLA LLA-21-038 2819 & 2881 Bronzan Rd City of Manteca 36&48 Lot Line Dilip Dr (Griffin Park) LLA-22-001 2392 Dilip Drive Griffin Park Development Co/Toni Raymus
Griffin Park Unit 2 LLA LLA-22-010 1374 Oleander & 1450 S Airport Pillsbury Road Partners Griffin Park Phase D Lots 19 & 20
LLA-22-026 2565 & 2559 Tinnin Rd Demitri Filios
Warehouse Remodel & Conversion MPM-20-090 221 Oak St Zacharia Chemanooru American Modular Systems MPM-21-158 787 Spreckles Ave Loren Aiton Prologis/Spreckels Distribution Center SPC-17-011 407 Spreckels Av Amanda Criscione Lot line adjustment
Lot line adjustment
Remodel existing storage
warehouse
3963 sqft office expansion
305,000 sqft dist center
Proposed quick serve
restaurant, 200 sqft with
car wash and fueling
station
Annex existing home site
parcel into the City
Install new cell tower
Convenience store w/ fuel
pumps
Lot line adjustment
Lot line adjustment
Beer garden and brewery

IN APPLICATION / UNDER REVIEW
Description
QSR store, car wash, gas
station, and convenience
store
ATTACHMENT 2
Name Project # Description Location Developer/Builder
Maverik Service Station SPC SPC-21-064 1527 S Airport Way Maverik, Inc.

Lathrop Diesel Fueling Canopy SPC-21-120 2064 Crestwood Ave ASP Petroleum Inc/ Sarvjit Singh GBX at CenterPoint SPC-21-136 2205 N Airport Way Lone Oak / Pehr Peterson AT&T Cell Tower CVL00836 UPJ-21-166 1125 N Union Rd New Cingular Wireless / Carl Jones Manteca Marriott Courtyard PCD-22-019 2303 W Atherton Dr Atherton Hospitality Walmart Expnsion Store #1840 MPM-22-028 1205 S Main St WD Partners Market Place at Main (Savemart) SPC-21-153 Southwest corner of Atherton and Main Cal Gold Standard Plumbing Supply MPM-22-038 105 Northgate Skarphol/Frank Associates Spreckles Retail SPC-22-039
130 Spreckles Ave Ashley Investments, LLC
Cabral-Jeep Dealershop Renovation PST-22-040 1115 W Yosemite Ave Cabral Chrysler Dodge Deaf Puppy Comedy Club UPJ-22-043 127 N Main Street Chris Teicheira Airport Business Centre (North) SPC-22-045 3045,3123 & 3157 N Airport Way Greenlaw Development, LLC Harris Lot Line Adjustment LLA-22-55 2303 W Atherton Dr Burrell Consulting Group Storage Building MPM-22-56 842 W Yosemite Ave Erick Mendoza Bravo Valley Medical SPC-22-59 1132 Norman Dr DME, LLC
Building a 45x30ft steel
storage building for golf carts
and parts
Three Medical Buildings at
25,039 SF
4560 sq ft warehouse
addition
7560sf single story
commercial building
Renovate existing
dealership building.

Renovate 4,000 sf existing
space for a comedy club
360,000sf distribution
building
Proposed Lot Line adjustment
between Harris property and
Thiara property
Diesel fuel canopy
Construct 280,983 sqft
dist warehouse
Install new cell tower
117 guestroom hotel
2843 sqft expansionfor
grocery pickup
110,000 SF retail center
6130 sqft convenience
store w/ 15 fuel pumps
ATTACHMENT 2
www.hydroscience.com

APPENDIX G
City of Manteca
Water Master Plan
Pipeline Rating Figures
ATTACHMENT 2
UV120
£¤99
FIGURE G-1

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

PIPELINE RATINGS - PIPELINE AGE
LEGEND

CITY LIMITS

PIPELINE RATING
4 (1900 - 1929)
3 (1940 - 1959)
2 (1960 - 1979)
1 (1980 - 1999)
0 (2000 - PRESENT)
0 2,000 4,000
FT
1 IN = 4,000 FT
N
_
ATTACHMENT 2
UV120
£¤99
FIGURE G-2

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

PIPELINE RATINGS - PIPELINE DIAMETER
LEGEND

CITY LIMITS

PIPELINE RATING
4 (< 6-IN)
2 (= 6-IN)
0 (> 6-IN)
0 2,000 4,000
FT
1 IN = 4,000 FT
N
_
ATTACHMENT 2
UV120
£¤99
FIGURE G-3

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

PIPELINE RATINGS - SOIL TYPE
LEGEND

CITY LIMITS

PIPELINE RATING
4 (ACP, CIP & < 6-IN)
3 (ACP, CIP & = 6-IN)
2 (ACP, CIP & = 8-IN)
1 (ACP, CIP & > 8-IN)
0 (OTHERS)
0 2,000 4,000
FT
1 IN = 4,000 FT
N
_
ATTACHMENT 2
UV120
£¤99
FIGURE G-4

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

PIPELINE RATINGS - PROXIMITY TO MAJOR TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS LEGEND

CITY LIMITS

PIPELINE RATING
4 (W/IN 50 FT OF HWY OR RR)
0 (NOT W/IN 50 FT OF HWY OR RR)
0 2,000 4,000
FT
1 IN = 4,000 FT
N
_
ATTACHMENT 2
www.hydroscience.com

APPENDIX H
City of Manteca
Water Master Plan
EPS Calibration Results
ATTACHMENT 2
Site 1
42 44
46 48
50 52
54 56
58 60
12:00 AM 3:00 AM 6:00 AM 9:00 AM 12:00 PM 3:00 PM 6:00 PM 9:00 PM 12:00 AM Pressure (psi) Data Logger Model
ATTACHMENT 2
Site 2
42 44
46 48
50 52
54 56
58 60
12:00 AM 3:00 AM 6:00 AM 9:00 AM 12:00 PM 3:00 PM 6:00 PM 9:00 PM 12:00 AM Pressure (psi) Data Logger Model
ATTACHMENT 2
Site 3
42 44
46 48
50 52
54 56
58 60
12:00 AM 3:00 AM 6:00 AM 9:00 AM 12:00 PM 3:00 PM 6:00 PM 9:00 PM 12:00 AM Pressure (psi) Data Logger Model
ATTACHMENT 2
Site 4
42 44
46 48
50 52
54 56
58 60
12:00 AM 3:00 AM 6:00 AM 9:00 AM 12:00 PM 3:00 PM 6:00 PM 9:00 PM 12:00 AM Pressure (psi) Data Logger Model
ATTACHMENT 2
Site 5
42 44
46 48
50 52
54 56
58 60
12:00 AM 3:00 AM 6:00 AM 9:00 AM 12:00 PM 3:00 PM 6:00 PM 9:00 PM 12:00 AM Pressure (psi) Data Logger Model
ATTACHMENT 2
Site 6
42 44
46 48
50 52
54 56
58 60
12:00 AM 3:00 AM 6:00 AM 9:00 AM 12:00 PM 3:00 PM 6:00 PM 9:00 PM 12:00 AM Pressure (psi) Data Logger Model
ATTACHMENT 2
www.hydroscience.com

APPENDIX I
City of Manteca
Water Master Plan
Model Results Tables
ATTACHMENT 2
www.hydroscience.com
Appendix I - Model Results Tables
Table of Contents
Figure 1 – Model Map Legend 1
Figures 1B – 37B - Model Node IDs 2 – 38
Figures 1A – 37A – Model Pipe IDs 39 - 75
Table - Existing MDD and PHD Node Results 76 - 109
Table – Existing MDD and PHD Pipe Results 110 – 176
Table – Existing MDD + FF Hydrant Results 176 – 201
Table – 2030 MDD and PHD Node Results 202 – 233
Table – 2030 MDD and PHD Pipe Results 234 – 300
Table – 2030 MDD + FF Hydrant Results 301 – 326
Table – 2045 MDD and PHD Node Results 327 – 358
Table – 2045 MDD and PHD Pipe Results 359 – 425
Table – 2045 MDD + FF Hydrant Results 426 – 452
Table – 2045 PHD + FF Hydrant Results 453 - 479

7 2
6 1
3 8
4 5
9 11
23 17
26 32
12 18
27 33
24 15 13 14
10 16
22 25
19 28
20 21
31 29 30
34 36 37
35 §¨¦5
UV120
£¤99
LEGEND
Figure No. Boundaries
Model Pipeline
FIGURE 1

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL MAP LEGEND

×
×
×
×
×
×
H-431
H-273
H-375
H-378
H-346
H-348
LEGEND
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
1B

×
H-360
LEGEND
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
2B

×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× × × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× × × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
H-430
114-016
114-003
114-006
124-002
114-008
114-035
114-022
114-025
114-019
114-028
114-041
114-001
114-002
114-004
114-005
114-007
114-009 114-010 114-011 114-012
114-013
114-014
114-015
114-017
114-018
114-020
114-021
114-023
114-024
124-004
124-003
124-001
114-029
114-027
114-030
114-031
114-032
114-033
114-034
114-036 114-037 114-038 114-039
114-040
114-042
114-043
114-044
114-045
114-046
J-5788J-5789
J-8763
J-5853
J-5854
J-8705
J-8709
J-8606
J-8254
J-7201
J-7202
J-8619
J-8581
J-7899
J-8016
J-5137J-5138
J-5148J-5149
J-5255
J-5256
J-5356
J-5514 J-5516
J-5648J-5649
J-5650
J-5651
LEGEND
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
3B

×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
H-429
H-428
H-230
H-247
125-148
125-156
125-120
125-119
125-118
125-121
125-122
125-124
125-123
125-126
125-155 125-127
125-151
125-152
125-153
125-150
125-154
125-147
125-149
J-6158
J-6159
J-8695
J-8701
J-6834
J-6835
J-7475
J-7476
J-8049
J-8133
J-8134
J-9234
LEGEND
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
4B

×
× ×
×
×
×
H-427
H-426
H-425
H-338 H-373
H-379 J-9273
£¤99
LEGEND
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
5B

×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
× ×
×
× × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
056-022
124-005
125-005
056-041
056-005
124-008
056-049
056-021
056-033
056-019
056-030
056-010
056-013
056-040
124-009
124-007
124-006
114-047
125-072 125-073
056-018
056-052
125-001
056-034
056-037
056-036
125-003
125-002
125-004
125-092
125-006
125-007
125-093
125-095
125-014
125-015
125-016
056-023
125-008
125-009
125-011 125-012
125-013
125-075 125-071
125-067
125-066
125-065
056-024
056-039
056-035
056-020
056-026
056-027
056-032
056-029
056-025
056-047
056-043
056-046
056-048
056-014
056-011
056-028
125-094
056-042
056-050
125-070
056-031
056-007
056-051
125-068
056-016
056-012
056-017
056-015
125-069
056-053
125-010
J-8904
J-5739
J-5776
J-6219
J-6220
J-6246J-6245J-6249
J-5959
J-5960
J-5961
J-5962
J-8704
J-6029
J-6030
J-6082
J-6083
J-6409
J-6410
J-6540
J-6541
J-6554 J-6575
J-6576
J-6662
J-6696 J-6697
J-6710 J-6711
J-8409
J-6726
J-6741
J-8290
J-6859
J-6860
J-6959
J-7046 J-7047
J-7095
J-7146 J-7147
J-8564
J-7217 J-7218
J-8551
J-7400
J-7401
J-7412
J-7413
J-7421
J-7422
J-8400
J-7447
J-7448
J-7470 J-7471
J-8385
J-7509
J-8545
J-7533
J-8276
J-7618
J-8596
J-7665
J-7666
J-8553
J-8277
J-7719
J-7777
J-7778
J-7784 J-7783
J-8686
J-7786
J-7830 J-7894 J-7831
J-7900
J-7917
J-7918
J-7920
J-7921
J-7932
J-7945
J-7948
J-7949
J-7952
J-7953
J-7992
J-8010
J-8060
J-8079 J-8091
J-8093
J-8300
J-8148
J-8161
J-8237 J-8238
J-5078
J-9186
J-5228J-5229
J-5282
J-8395
J-8703
J-5413
J-5432
J-5433
J-9229
J-5586
J-8597
LEGEND
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
6B

×
×
× ×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
× × ×
× ×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
××
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
× ×
× × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× × 126-041 TEMP399
125-099
125-112
125-086
125-087
125-085
126-051
126-050
125-137
125-142
126-049
125-111
125-101
126-060
126-059
126-061
055-019
055-018
125-125
055-002
055-010
055-020
055-027
055-028
055-036
056-038
055-037
126-007
125-134
125-133 125-132
125-131
125-130
125-129
125-136
125-135
125-141
125-143
125-139
125-138
125-140
125-144
125-145
125-146
055-012
055-021
125-063
125-128
126-032
125-048
055-016
055-015 055-022
125-027
126-030
055-011
125-020
056-003
054-018
126-011
125-026
125-083
126-035
125-084
054-017
055-029
125-017 125-018 125-019
125-036 125-035
125-034
125-039 125-040
125-041
125-029
125-022
125-042
125-030
125-043
125-033
125-031
125-032
125-025
125-028
125-024
125-023
125-021
125-051
125-050
126-006
126-009
126-010
126-023
126-026
126-024
126-025
126-027
126-008
055-041
054-023
125-114
055-017
125-044 125-046
125-047
126-038
125-080
126-031
126-033
126-034
126-036 126-042
126-037
125-079
125-078
125-077
125-076
125-074
125-064
125-061
125-062
125-059
054-024
125-057
125-060
125-045
125-115
055-025
055-023
056-004
056-002
055-026
055-024
055-044
055-035
055-034
055-043 055-042
055-040
055-053
055-052 055-046
055-045
055-049
055-047
055-048
055-051
055-054 055-050 056-027
043-005
055-004
125-113
055-013
125-049
055-031 055-033
054-025
055-003 054-022
054-019
054-020 054-021
055-001
055-007 055-005
055-009
055-014
055-008
125-117
125-058
125-055
056-001
054-030
125-038
056-006
055-039
056-008
056-009 055-032
054-001
125-037
055-006
125-105
125-106
125-107
125-104
125-108 125-109
125-110
125-103
125-102
125-100
125-098
125-096
125-097
125-090 125-091
125-088
125-089
126-048 126-052
126-053
125-116 125-116
J-8907
J-8893
J-5743 J-5744
J-8633
J-5790
J-5791
J-6112
J-6140
J-6169 J-6170
J-8765
J-6232
J-6233
J-5844
J-5845
J-5850
J-5899
J-5935
J-5945
J-5946J-5949
J-5950
J-8896
J-5968
J-5969
J-5994
J-5995
J-6014
J-6024
J-6025
J-6039
J-8723
J-6078
J-8738
J-6111
J-6272
J-6273
J-6283
J-6307 J-6308 J-6339
J-6401
J-6402
J-8808
J-6476
J-6477
J-6510
J-6511
J-6512
J-6517
J-6528
J-6529
J-6532
J-6533
J-6561
J-6562
J-6581
J-6588
J-6594
J-6595
J-6599
J-8859
J-6633
J-8869
J-6686
J-6687
J-6705
J-8463
J-6733
J-6734
J-6943 J-8432
J-6944
J-6948 J-6947
J-6961 J-6960
J-6976
J-6993
J-6995 J-6996
J-6997
J-7054
J-8698
J-7118
J-7142 J-7143
J-9284
J-9283
J-7178
J-7179
J-7192
J-7193
J-9276
J-7224
J-7225
J-7232
J-7317
J-7329
J-7346
J-7347
J-7349
J-7354
J-7375
J-7393
J-7394
J-7396
J-7397
J-7402
J-7408
J-8674
J-7453
J-7454
J-7455
J-7456
J-8530
J-7463
J-7464
J-7481
J-7482
J-7485
J-8528
J-7523 J-7522
J-8766
J-7594
J-7597
J-7598
J-7616
J-7619
J-7620
J-8777
J-7649
J-7650
J-7663
J-7664
J-8567
J-7707
J-7714
J-7715
J-7722
J-7745
J-7760 J-7761
J-7782
J-7793
J-7796
J-7802
J-7813
J-7823
J-7858
J-7859
J-7860
J-7861
J-7863 J-7865 J-7866
J-7868
J-7869
J-7870
J-7875 J-7874
J-7876 J-7877
J-7880
J-7881
J-7913
J-7935
J-7936
J-7937
J-7943
J-7954
J-7955
J-7959
J-7970
J-8020
J-8636
J-8044
J-8045
J-8056
J-8057
J-8077
J-8080 J-8081
J-8086
J-8092
J-8095
J-8096
J-8101
J-8870
J-8116
J-8117
J-8118
J-8680
J-8467
J-8137
J-8145 J-8154
J-8393
J-8175
J-8186
J-8226
J-8227
J-8228
J-8825
J-8405
J-5061
J-5069
J-8256
J-8261
J-5079
J-5090
J-8284
J-5173
J-5186
J-5189
J-5190
J-5203
J-8402
J-8416
J-8419
J-8478 J-8280
J-5404 J-5405
J-8458
J-5438
J-5439
J-8482
J-5546
J-5592 J-5593
J-5601
J-5602
J-5618J-5619
J-5629J-5630
J-5631J-5632 J-8574
J-5652 J-5653
J-5662
J-5663
J-5710
LEGEND
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
7B

×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
× ×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
× ×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×H-425
H-424
H-423
H-422
H-275 H-361
H-388
TEMP475
TEMP474
126-046
053-013
126-043
126-055 126-056
126-057
126-058
126-019
053-012
053-018
053-028
053-042
053-057
053-058
053-065
053-063
053-039
053-066
126-062
053-044
053-010
054-009
054-013
053-032
053-047
053-051
054-010
126-020
126-012 126-013
126-044
126-029
126-022
126-021
126-014
126-045
126-015
126-047
126-016
126-017
126-018
053-052
053-064
053-059
053-062
053-061
053-060
053-053
053-054
053-011
054-005
054-016
054-015
054-006
054-008 054-007
054-014
054-011
053-027
053-015
053-016
053-014
053-048
053-033 053-040
053-035
053-036
053-038
053-037
053-034
053-022 053-030
053-019
053-031
053-020 053-021
053-017
053-008
053-007
053-005
053-006
053-002
053-003 053-004
126-005 126-001
053-056
053-009
053-043
053-023
053-025
053-029
053-024
053-026
126-054
J-8941
J-8956
J-9004 J-8627
J-5777 J-5778
J-5798
J-5799
J-8642 J-6124
J-6138
J-6139
J-6198
J-6227
J-6228
J-5822J-5823
J-5846
J-5847
J-5867J-5868
J-5905
J-5915 J-5926
J-5927
J-8720
J-6084
J-6085
J-6086
J-6087
J-6096
J-6103
J-6107
J-6108
J-6305
J-6306
J-6352
J-6353
J-6369
J-6471
J-6508
J-6521
J-6522
J-8831
J-6568
J-6596
J-6597
J-6695
J-6698
J-6699
J-6700
J-6861
J-6888
J-8578
J-7067
J-7068
J-7107
J-7185
J-7215
J-7216
J-7219
J-7231
J-7255
J-7266
J-7298
J-7340 J-7341
J-7374 J-7373
J-7376
J-7497
J-7502
J-7514
J-7544
J-7545
J-7559
J-7562
J-7563
J-7654 J-7655
J-7656
J-8852
J-7764
J-8628
J-8743
J-7898
J-7972
J-7982
J-8030 J-8031
J-8085
J-8104
J-8105
J-8109
J-8130
J-8171
J-8172
J-8205
J-8207
J-8260
J-5110
J-5153
J-8315
J-5259 J-5260
J-8940
J-8970
J-5320
J-9003
J-5448J-5449
J-5454
J-5455
J-5462
J-9230
J-5508 J-5509
J-5627
J-5628
J-8656
£¤99
LEGEND
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
8B

×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
× ×
× × H-437 H-438
H-419
H-218
H-304
H-311
H-296
H-383
127-001
137-001
J-6154
J-6155
J-6637
J-6862
J-9233
J-9232
LEGEND
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
9B

×
×
×
×
×
H-421
H-355
H-371
H-280
H-284
J-9271
J-9233
LEGEND
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
10B

×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
× × ×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
× × ×
×
×
×
× × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
× ×
×
×
× ×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
H-434
H-433
H-253
H-351
H-366 H-357
H-295
H-287
H-300
H-252
040-003
134-004 040-035
041-022
041-027
134-030
041-005
041-050
041-049
041-048
041-043 041-041
041-051
041-007
041-042 041-044
041-039
041-040
041-046 041-045
041-047
041-009
040-009
040-014
134-002
041-032
041-010
041-030
040-034
041-021
041-023
134-003 134-001 145-018
145-015
134-027 041-036 041-035 041-038
041-024 041-025
041-028
041-029
041-033
134-031 041-037
056-039
040-002 040-010
040-011
040-012
040-015
040-013
040-016
040-017 040-018
040-021
040-019
040-020
040-023
056-044
040-024
040-025
040-022
041-006
041-008
041-015
041-016
040-027
056-045
040-028
041-004
040-031
041-011
145-016
040-026
040-036
040-004
145-017
040-037
145-019
145-020
J-5804 J-8605
J-5805
J-6160
J-6161
J-6225
J-6226
J-6230
J-6231
J-6251
J-6252
J-8440
J-8681
J-5957
J-5958
J-8699
J-6323
J-6324
J-8713
J-8801
J-6363
J-6373 J-6372
J-6378
J-6392
J-6552
J-6553
J-6559
J-6560
J-6640
J-6641
J-6655 J-6656
J-6688
J-6725
J-6793
J-6811
J-8729
J-8832
J-8515
J-7069
J-7075 J-7074
J-7126 J-7127
J-7233
J-7234
J-7240
J-7268
J-7269 J-7332
J-7333
J-7399
J-9099
J-7486
J-7510
J-7536
J-7587
J-7588
J-7617
J-8692
J-7643
J-7644
J-7658
J-7659
J-7702
J-7703
J-7748 J-7749
J-7770 J-7771
J-7816
J-7817
J-7818
J-7852
J-8598
J-7902
J-7905
J-8618 J-7988
J-7989
J-8008
J-8060
J-8422
J-8176
J-8185
J-8192
J-8211
J-8339
J-9216
J-9235
J-5471
J-5472
J-9228
J-5521J-5522
J-5530
J-5531
J-9225J-8722
J-5656
J-5657
J-8579
J-5693
J-5694
LEGEND
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
11B

×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
××
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
027-005
027-055
038-059
027-054
026-004
027-017
026-002
038-001
039-008
039-021
039-024
039-048
039-053
039-054
039-058
043-001
039-009
027-001
055-028
039-007
043-052
041-020
038-056
039-002
038-055
042-047
038-063
042-039
040-029
039-045
042-033
042-041
042-032
039-001
043-029
039-005
041-012
042-049
039-003
042-042
039-018
042-048
038-003
055-029
042-054
041-034
041-026
039-037
042-036
042-018
042-024
042-010
042-027
042-022
042-028
038-022
039-041
039-036
041-031
039-044
039-043 039-047
056-004
038-058
038-062
038-002
041-019
041-017
041-018
041-013
041-014
039-059
039-057
039-055
039-056
040-006
040-005
039-034
041-001
041-002
041-003
042-009
042-055
042-056
042-057
042-053
042-052
042-051
042-050
042-059 042-060 042-061
043-003
042-058
042-007
042-006
042-008
042-005
042-004
042-003
042-002
042-001
039-030
039-026
039-029
039-027
039-031 039-032
039-033
039-028
039-017
039-023
039-022
039-046
039-040
039-020
039-019
039-015 039-014
039-012
039-013
039-016
039-025
039-035
039-038
039-004
027-006
027-007
027-003
027-002
027-004
026-001 026-038
026-003
026-017
027-011
042-017
043-030
042-026
042-023
042-025
043-012
043-034
043-033
043-036
043-035
038-030
038-029
038-023
038-004
038-034
038-033
038-031
038-032
039-039
038-024
038-005
038-025
038-027
027-012
039-010 039-011
043-028
043-013
038-028
038-026
039-042
042-034
042-037
042-040
042-038
042-035
043-050
039-006
027-009 027-010
043-004
042-012
042-013
042-014
042-011
042-015
042-045
042-043 042-044
042-046
042-030 042-029
042-031
038-057
038-038
038-037
038-035
038-036
043-031
043-006 043-008
043-009
043-010
043-007
043-011
043-002 043-032
042-020
042-021
042-019
042-016
J-8367
J-8732
J-8345
J-6134
J-6135
J-8523
J-6156
J-5830
J-5832
J-5839
J-5840
J-8258
J-8658
J-8668
J-5892J-5893
J-8681
J-5931
J-5932
J-8694
J-5970
J-5971
J-5985
J-5986
J-6061
J-6062
J-6076
J-6077
J-6094
J-6095
J-9332
J-6295
J-6296
J-6309
J-6310
J-6325
J-6326
J-8378
J-6342
J-8807
J-6376
J-6377
J-6411
J-6412
J-6422
J-8808
J-6438
J-8375
J-6486 J-6487
J-8733
J-8828
J-6499
J-6500
J-6518
J-6519
J-8827
J-8830
J-6542
J-6543
J-6611
J-6634
J-8312
J-6727
J-6728
J-6735
J-6736
J-6751 J-6752
J-6754
J-6772 J-6773
J-6782
J-6783
J-6797
J-6798
J-6848
J-6857
J-6858
J-6863
J-6890
J-6891
J-6900
J-6908 J-6909
J-6916
J-6917 J-6918
J-6928
J-6930 J-6929
J-6935 J-6936
J-6939 J-6940
J-6945
J-6946
J-6948 J-6947
J-6980
J-6981
J-6989
J-6990
J-7010
J-7011
J-7017
J-7018
J-7021
J-7022
J-7032
J-7033
J-7051
J-7052
J-8797
J-8708
J-7065
J-7066
J-7070
J-7071
J-7073 J-7072
J-7076
J-7077
J-7086
J-7108
J-7133
J-7138
J-7139
J-8415
J-7164
J-7165
J-8373
J-9279
J-8305
J-8293
J-7235
J-7236
J-7239
J-7250
J-7251
J-7278
J-7279
J-7295
J-7296
J-7306
J-7307
J-7312
J-7321
J-7330
J-7331
J-7338
J-7339
J-7356
J-7357
J-7372
J-7403
J-7427 J-7428
J-7487
J-7488
J-7505
J-7506
J-8445
J-7527 J-7528
J-7551 J-7552
J-7553
J-7554 J-7555
J-7556
J-7558
J-7586
J-8568
J-7614
J-7615
J-8332
J-7621
J-7636
J-7641
J-7657
J-7671
J-7672
J-7673
J-7676
J-8322
J-8798
J-7723 J-7708
J-7724
J-7736
J-7744
J-7755
J-7762
J-8670
J-7781
J-7792
J-7810
J-8247
J-7824
J-7825
J-7826
J-7838
J-7839
J-7849
J-7908 J-8517
J-7909
J-7931
J-7934
J-7941
J-7956
J-7960
J-7961
J-8362
J-8265
J-8051
J-8536
J-8063
J-8064
J-8076
J-8096
J-8438
J-8166
J-8167
J-8522
J-8212
J-8228
J-8233
J-8266
J-5117
J-8289
J-8291
J-8311
J-5191
J-5192 J-5217
J-8815
J-8377
J-8513
J-8424
J-8439
J-5371
J-5372
J-8366
J-8460
J-8470
J-8577
J-8459
J-5493J-5494
J-5496J-5497
J-5505J-5506
J-5511
J-5517
J-5518
J-5535
J-5548
J-5559
J-5560
J-8537
J-8546
J-5633 J-5634
J-5664J-5665
J-5720
J-5721
LEGEND
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
12B

×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
× × × × × × ×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× × × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
× ×
× ×
×
×
×
×
H-269 H-432
H-509
H-516
H-511
H-520
H-512
H-521
H-513
H-514
H-515
H-518
H-508
H-517
TEMP413
TEMP412
TEMP414
TEMP415
TEMP417
TEMP436 TEMP423
TEMP444
TEMP411
036-052
043-016
043-018
052-006
028-007
044-014
037-005
036-029
037-036
044-020
037-028
037-014
028-011
037-024
037-006
028-019
043-017
036-051
037-034
043-039
045-027
053-046
037-017
044-013
036-058
037-031
027-046
038-061
027-049
038-045
027-047
027-044
027-048
038-050
044-030
044-032
027-051
037-046
037-015
038-007 037-048
043-022
044-052
044-051
037-044
044-046
044-045
044-021
044-044
044-047
038-019
045-032
028-005
037-035
038-009
037-045
028-045
037-026
037-020
037-018
037-001
037-013
044-037
044-027
027-052
044-016
027-045
053-045
037-033
044-012
038-048
038-047
038-046
038-051
038-052
038-054
038-053
037-050
045-026
036-010
043-049
045-002
027-042
038-010
038-043
038-042
038-041
038-040 038-044
027-034
044-048
043-042
043-043
043-044
043-045
043-046
043-041
043-048
043-047
037-019
037-029
043-040
043-038
043-037
037-030
037-037
037-038
043-027
043-026
043-025
038-015
038-016
044-024
038-014
038-012
038-011
037-027
043-014
043-015
038-017
038-034
043-023
043-024
037-025
037-022
037-021
037-023
044-022
038-018
038-020
044-019
038-039
038-006
038-021
044-017
038-008
044-028
037-002
044-023 044-018
044-034
044-035
044-029
044-031
037-012
037-041
037-010
037-009
037-011
037-008
044-036
044-025
044-011
044-004 044-009
053-001
053-002
037-003
037-016
044-050
028-006
028-004
028-003
028-002 028-001 028-009 028-013
028-014
028-015
028-012
037-043
036-031
029-006
044-041
053-041
028-010
028-020
028-021
028-022
028-017 028-018
037-004
044-026
044-007 044-006
038-013
045-003
045-001
044-015
036-030
037-042
037-039 037-047
037-040
044-033
028-008 028-016
027-024
044-010
036-032
027-008
038-035
037-032
028-047
J-8922
J-8975 J-8991
J-9020 J-9019
J-9022
J-8968
J-8480
J-5747J-5748
J-8732
J-8630
J-5781
J-5802 J-5803
J-5809 J-5810
J-8644
J-6115
J-6132
J-6133
J-6180
J-8604
J-6229
J-5820
J-5821
J-5848 J-5849
J-5857
J-5858
J-5877
J-8666
J-5888 J-5889
J-5894
J-5895
J-5915
J-5916
J-5917
J-5918
J-5924
J-5926
J-5933
J-5934
J-8685
J-5943
J-5952J-5953
J-8497
J-6031
J-6032
J-8782
J-6290
J-9329
J-6321
J-6322
J-6341
J-6354
J-6355
J-6364 J-6365
J-8807
J-6387 J-6386
J-6399
J-6400
J-6423
J-6424
J-8819
J-6521
J-6523
J-6524
J-6536
J-6537
J-6604 J-6603
J-6609
J-6610
J-6654
J-6706
J-6716
J-6757
J-6790
J-6791
J-6799
J-6800
J-6837
J-6838
J-6855
J-6856
J-6895
J-8726
J-6922
J-6923
J-6952
J-7000
J-7012
J-9290
J-7028
J-7029
J-7093
J-7094
J-7111 J-7114
J-7174
J-7176
J-7177
J-7220 J-7221
J-7223
J-7266
J-7270
J-7271
J-7311
J-7315
J-7318
J-7319
J-7362 J-7363
J-7377
J-7378
J-7381
J-7382
J-7434
J-7452
J-7465
J-8358
J-7479
J-7480
J-7493
J-7495
J-7496
J-7511
J-7512 J-7513
J-7515
J-7518
J-7519
J-8785
J-7534
J-7546 J-7547
J-7555
J-8430
J-7561
J-8384
J-7571
J-7592
J-7593
J-7595
J-7608
J-7613
J-8806
J-7667 J-7668
J-7669
J-7670
J-7678
J-7687
J-7688
J-7693
J-7694
J-7695
J-7705
J-7709
J-7710
J-7751
J-7752 J-7753
J-7763
J-7769
J-7798
J-7809
J-7827
J-7837
J-8629
J-8363
J-8514
J-7906
J-7907
J-7911
J-7912
J-8805
J-7944
J-7958
J-7965
J-7969
J-7976 J-7977
J-7981
J-8781
J-8025
J-8046
J-8476
J-8106
J-8124 J-8123
J-8620
J-8138
J-8151
J-8184
J-8187
J-8188 J-8189
J-5050
J-5068
J-5086
J-5087
J-5093J-5094
J-5112
J-5116
J-5121
J-5122
J-8292
J-5131
J-5153
J-5171
J-5172
J-5218J-5219
J-5225
J-5253 J-5254
J-8387
J-8425
J-5312
J-5313
J-5323
J-5338
J-5339
J-5340
J-5341 J-5417
J-5418
J-5428 J-5429
J-5442 J-5443
J-5463J-5464
J-8490
J-5488J-5489
J-8479
J-5500
J-5501
J-5512 J-5513
J-5580
J-5581
J-5594
J-5595
J-5689
J-5690
J-5691J-5692
LEGEND
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
13B

× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× × ×
×
×
×
× ×
× ×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
× ×
×
×
× × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
× ×
× ×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
× ×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
× ×
× × × × × ×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
H-555
H-420
045-006
036-057
TEMP420
TEMP409
TEMP408
TEMP410
TEMP418
TEMP421
TEMP422
TEMP435
TEMP419
029-009
029-003
030-009
035-013
035-012
036-053
036-047
035-010
035-021
035-026
035-028
036-002
036-023
036-027
036-050
045-011
046-002
052-005
036-035
035-038
029-039
036-003
036-026
035-014
035-011
046-010
046-011
046-021
046-008
046-006
046-005
046-004
046-014
045-044
045-043
045-036 045-038
045-037 045-039 045-040 046-025 046-026 046-027
045-041
045-042
045-045
045-046
046-022 046-023
046-024
046-019
046-020
046-015 046-016
046-013
046-017 046-018
046-012
046-009
046-007
046-003
035-009
035-003
035-005
035-017
035-006
035-035
029-038
035-002
036-048
030-016
045-023
035-015
035-034
035-036
035-037
035-043
035-044
036-056
036-055
045-033
036-045
035-008
035-001
036-059
036-005
036-006
036-007
036-008
036-009
036-004
035-007
045-022
045-024
045-021
045-009
045-010
045-012 045-013
045-014
045-020
045-008 045-007
045-015
045-017
045-004
045-005 045-016
035-033
045-018
046-001
045-025
045-019 045-028
035-022
035-023
036-021
036-033
036-020
036-017
036-028
036-025
036-024
036-022
035-018
035-020
035-016
036-038
036-039
036-040
035-019
036-041
035-030
035-025
036-013
035-027
030-003
036-018
036-016
030-001
030-002
030-004
030-005
035-029
030-010 030-012
030-006
030-011
029-004
029-005
029-012
029-014 029-015
029-013
029-011
036-019
030-017
030-018
036-044 029-001
036-001
029-008
029-007
036-036
036-037
030-015
035-004
029-002
035-031
036-049
036-043 036-042
J-8948J-8949
J-8993
J-8930 J-8992 J-8931
J-8969
J-5733J-5734
J-8500
J-5759
J-5760
J-5774J-5775
J-5782
J-5783
J-8638
J-8641
J-6191
J-6196
J-6197
J-6211
J-6221
J-6222
J-6242
J-6243
J-6248
J-8776
J-8646
J-5864
J-5865
J-8682
J-8800
J-8509
J-6007
J-6012
J-6013
J-8328
J-6016
J-6019J-6020
J-8306
J-6027
J-6028
J-6034J-6035
J-6042
J-6043
J-8718
J-6050
J-6051
J-6055
J-6056
J-8826
J-6105
J-6106
J-6259 J-6260
J-6275
J-6285
J-6288
J-6289
J-6299
J-6316
J-6317
J-8799
J-6349
J-6350
J-6360 J-6361
J-6370
J-6371
J-6439
J-6454
J-6482 J-6483
J-8821
J-6513
J-6515
J-6516
J-6534
J-6535
J-6549
J-6550
J-8838
J-6587 J-6586
J-6605
J-6606
J-6644
J-8590
J-6721
J-6722
J-6723
J-6724
J-6731
J-6759 J-6758
J-6786
J-6787
J-6846
J-6850
J-6851
J-6869
J-6874
J-8643
J-6921
J-9301
J-6969 J-6968
J-7008 J-7009
J-7015
J-7016
J-7020
J-7027
J-7048
J-7049
J-7050
J-7058
J-7081
J-7082
J-7110
J-7150
J-7155
J-7186
J-7187
J-8369
J-9280
J-8700
J-7241
J-7242
J-7247
J-8435
J-7259
J-7260
J-7261
J-7273 J-7272
J-7276 J-7275
J-7280
J-7281
J-7284
J-7294
J-7304
J-7305
J-7314
J-7326
J-7327
J-8562
J-7334
J-7350J-7351 J-7383
J-8822
J-7429
J-7430
J-7443
J-7444
J-7449
J-7450
J-8533
J-7468
J-7469
J-7530
J-7537
J-7538
J-7543
J-7564
J-7565
J-7579
J-7580
J-7581
J-7584 J-7585
J-7601
J-7602
J-7607
J-7623
J-7624
J-8252
J-7683
J-7684
J-8274
J-7732
J-7733
J-7765
J-7766
J-7772
J-7780
J-8376
J-7829
J-7886
J-7890 J-7891
J-7895
J-8645
J-8557
J-7968
J-9255
J-7987
J-8003
J-8009
J-8039 J-8040
J-8068
J-8069
J-8119 J-8120
J-8141
J-8341
J-8810
J-8499
J-8180
J-8181
J-8204
J-8232
J-5058
J-5059
J-8251
J-8255
J-5071
J-5072
J-5073
J-5074
J-9254
J-5095 J-5096
J-5102J-5103
J-5118
J-5161
J-8340 J-5163
J-5240
J-5241
J-8370
J-5269
J-5270
J-8775
J-5298
J-9010
J-9018
J-8407
J-5316 J-5317
J-8428
J-5363
J-5367
J-5385 J-5386
J-8453
J-8462
J-5411
J-5422
J-5423
J-8473
J-5446
J-5473
J-5474
J-8493
J-8506
J-8510
J-5578
J-5579
J-5667
J-8461
J-8582
£¤99
LEGEND
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
14B

×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
× × ×
×
H-286 H-345 H-335
TEMP424
TEMP425
TEMP426
033-010 149-001
033-022
034-014
034-023
034-025
033-021
033-014
033-017
033-013
034-046
033-019
033-020
032-041
034-043
048-004
048-007
034-039
033-005
035-042
034-041
034-045
034-027
032-036
033-018
034-003
035-045
034-024
035-046
032-037
034-037
032-043
047-018
032-044
033-011
035-039
035-040
035-041
034-021
034-020
034-019
034-016
034-017
034-018
034-011 034-005
047-009
033-016
047-014
047-015
034-026
034-034
034-033
032-045
034-035
034-054
033-009
032-038
047-016
032-040
032-039
033-012
033-015
032-035
047-013
047-017
047-007
047-011
047-012
034-007
034-009
034-004
034-042
031-033
031-036
031-035
033-006
033-008
034-028
034-031
034-044
033-002
047-008
033-007
034-015
035-024
034-006
034-036
031-009
031-008
034-040
031-006
031-004
031-007
031-010
031-005
034-022
031-003
031-002
030-013
030-007
030-008
030-019
033-001
034-008
035-032
031-001
034-013
047-006
047-002
047-001
048-001 048-002
048-005
048-003
048-006
047-004
047-005
047-003
034-032
034-029
034-030
034-012
034-010
034-038
031-034
047-010
J-8918
J-8915
J-8917
J-8919
J-8959
J-8976
J-9017
J-6148J-6149
J-6151J-6152
J-6181
J-6182
J-6203
J-6204
J-6205
J-6206
J-6209
J-5955
J-5956
J-6040
J-6041
J-6088
J-6089
J-6281
J-6282
J-6286J-6287
J-6351
J-6404
J-6405
J-6437
J-6496
J-6545
J-6547
J-6548
J-6566
J-6567
J-6612
J-6613
J-6618
J-6657 J-6704
J-6796
J-6807 J-6808
J-6841 J-6840
J-6884
J-6886
J-6887
J-6889
J-6937
J-6979
J-7034
J-7035
J-7042
J-7063
J-7078 J-7079
J-7087 J-7088
J-8532
J-7180
J-7181
J-7182 J-7183
J-7213
J-7289
J-7290
J-8271
J-7345
J-8737
J-7414
J-7446
J-7498
J-8566
J-7609
J-8534
J-7660
J-7661
J-7674
J-7675
J-7679
J-7680
J-7739 J-7740
J-7742
J-7743
J-7808
J-7811 J-7812
J-7814
J-7821 J-7822
J-7853
J-7854
J-7855
J-7864
J-7879
J-7883
J-7884
J-7903
J-7919
J-7922
J-7923
J-8572
J-7966
J-8639
J-7993
J-7994
J-7995
J-7998
J-8000
J-8001
J-8013
J-8014
J-8026
J-8055
J-8457
J-8433 J-8132
J-8135
J-8142
J-8143
J-8150
J-8182
J-8190
J-8195 J-8196
J-8206
J-8540
J-8217
J-8747
J-8221
J-8222
J-8364
J-8224
J-8225
J-8229
J-8270
J-5128
J-5162
J-8344
J-8356
J-5300
J-5301
J-5351
J-5352
J-5358
J-5359
J-8916
J-5436J-5437 J-5440J-5441
J-8495
J-5490
J-8450
J-8519
J-5589
J-8569
J-5647
J-8494
J-8584
J-8357
£¤99
LEGEND
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
15B

× ×
×
×
×
× ×
149-002
150-007
150-008
139-002
150-009
139-001
J-8914J-8901
J-8862
J-5996
J-8855
J-8839
J-8848J-8850
J-8856
J-8849
J-8857
J-8210 J-5056 J-5057
J-5150J-5151
J-5570
LEGEND
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
16B

×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× × × × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× × × × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
× ×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
156-015
TEMP434
009-033
145-007
009-039
156-033
156-040
025-006
156-017
156-018
009-036
024-028
009-009
145-001
167-025
025-008
025-009
156-013
156-016
156-019
156-010
156-012
156-020
156-009 156-014
156-008
156-005
156-006 156-007
156-034
156-035
156-036 156-037
156-038
156-039
156-011
145-013
009-035
167-071
145-014
009-030
009-003
168-013
156-044
167-065
167-069 167-070
167-072
024-029
009-021
009-022 009-015
156-046
156-001
156-022
156-023
156-024
156-025
156-026
156-002 156-003 156-004 156-021 156-030
009-034
145-012
009-004
156-029
156-042 024-006
024-027
156-043
025-005
009-008
009-023
009-025
009-026
009-027
009-028
009-029
156-032
156-041
156-031
024-005
145-006 145-005 145-004 025-011 025-010
024-022
024-007
024-021
024-020
024-004
009-007
009-005
024-023
024-025
009-024
009-006
009-037
145-003
J-8942
J-8932 J-8933
J-8895J-8894
J-8900
J-5751
J-5756
J-5816
J-8734
J-8751
J-6176
J-6183
J-6184
J-6185
J-8304
J-6234
J-6235
J-6238
J-5817
J-8660
J-5903
J-5904
J-5913
J-5914
J-5928
J-5929
J-5981
J-5982
J-6001
J-6002
J-6023
J-6038
J-6311
J-6312
J-8443
J-8241
J-6430
J-6451
J-6520
J-8833
J-8854
J-8860
J-6670
J-6671
J-6739 J-6740
J-6777
J-6778
J-6814
J-6842 J-6843
J-6845
J-6847
J-6864
J-6865
J-6902
J-6903
J-6964
J-6965
J-6970
J-6978
J-6994
J-7013
J-8796
J-7123
J-7285
J-7309
J-8471
J-8786
J-8719
J-8472
J-7491
J-8607
J-8386
J-7999
J-8131
J-8202
J-8209
J-8223
J-8690
J-5106 J-5107
J-5132
J-5139
J-8303
J-5157
J-5158
J-8449 J-5230J-5231
J-5244
J-8388
J-9162
J-5458J-5459
J-8520
J-8549
J-5707J-5708
J-5712
J-5713
J-8861
LEGEND UV120
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
17B

×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
× ×
×
×
× × × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
× ×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
H-504
TEMP473
022-038
168-038
026-013
023-055
010-035
026-030
023-056
022-006
024-008
023-025
010-046
011-033
011-040
023-046
011-039
026-029
026-025
023-026
027-031
025-008
025-009 025-007
011-041
024-003
023-059
023-029
TEMP391
TEMP393
TEMP394
TEMP395
010-042
023-033
010-017
026-005
009-002
009-015
009-014
010-044
009-018
011-013
009-013
027-050
009-020
009-010
010-014
026-006
009-011
010-015
023-031
026-007
010-039
010-037
010-040
010-034 010-030
010-032
010-031
010-027 010-033
024-001
010-023 010-028
010-029
011-017
011-014
011-016
011-015
011-021
010-009
022-047
022-002
023-004
023-010
023-014 023-016
023-019
011-012
010-045
023-020
025-004
010-043
010-041
023-053 026-031
023-051
023-052
023-050
024-017
023-049
009-019
009-016
009-017
009-012
025-002
023-048
025-003
010-011
010-020
010-021
010-019
010-022
010-012
010-013 010-016
010-018
010-036
023-036
023-037
023-038
023-041
023-040
023-039
023-042
023-043
009-032
023-030
025-001
023-047
010-038
023-024
023-023
023-021 023-022
023-028
023-027
010-002 010-001
010-007
010-008
010-005
010-006
010-003
010-004
023-006
023-008
023-001
023-002
023-009
023-015
022-040
023-045
023-013
023-018
023-017
023-012
011-001
023-007
023-005
023-011
011-002
022-041
022-030
022-029
022-021
022-022
022-017 022-016 022-015
022-007
022-010 022-011
026-022 026-021 026-020
026-023
026-024
023-058
026-009
026-026
023-035
022-001 022-003
009-031
169-050
027-019
027-021
026-014 026-015
026-016
026-012
027-018
026-008
026-028
009-001
024-002
024-024
024-026
024-009
010-010
023-034
023-032
011-018
027-053
027-022A
027-022B
J-9011
J-8611
J-8282
J-5741
J-5742
J-5749
J-5750
J-5757
J-8526
J-6116
J-6136
J-6137
J-6146J-6147
J-6162
J-8758
J-6186
J-8657
J-8772
J-8725
J-5863
J-8610
J-5875 J-5876
J-5896 J-5897
J-5921
J-5922
J-5954
J-6057
J-8724
J-6072
J-6073
J-6090
J-6091
J-9330
J-6110
J-8779
J-6278
J-6319
J-6320
J-6358
J-6359
J-6407
J-6408
J-8774
J-6538
J-6539
J-8464
J-6565
J-6598
J-6615 J-6616
J-6624
J-8631
J-6689 J-6690
J-6691
J-6692
J-6737
J-6762
J-6763
J-6768
J-6776
J-6779
J-6780
J-6784 J-6785
J-6804
J-6815 J-6816
J-6853
J-6854
J-6919
J-6920
J-6924 J-6925
J-6933
J-6934
J-6953
J-6954
J-6955
J-6974
J-6984
J-6985
J-7001
J-7002
J-7023
J-7025
J-7040
J-7061
J-7062
J-7084
J-7085
J-7097 J-7098
J-7100 J-7099
J-7101 J-7102
J-7103 J-7104
J-7105 J-7106
J-7117
J-8380
J-7128
J-7129
J-7130
J-7169
J-7204
J-7205
J-7227
J-7228
J-7238
J-7246 J-7245
J-7248 J-7249
J-7309
J-7336
J-7337
J-7343
J-7344
J-7348
J-7386
J-7398
J-7425
J-7426
J-7445
J-7489
J-7490
J-7492
J-7501
J-7507
J-7508
J-7517
J-7520
J-7628
J-7629
J-7646
J-7686
J-7692 J-7691
J-7696
J-7698 J-7697
J-7701
J-8269
J-7711
J-7718
J-8595
J-7779
J-7785
J-7799
J-7803
J-7804
J-8474
J-7805
J-7815
J-7914
J-7915
J-7973
J-7978
J-7984
J-7996
J-8006
J-8007
J-8021
J-8023
J-8027
J-8099
J-8100
J-8129
J-8414
J-5062J-5063
J-5104J-5105
J-8399
J-8287
J-5157
J-5158
J-8317
J-5170
J-8327
J-8243
J-5202
J-5211J-5212
J-5213 J-5214
J-8573
J-5223J-5224
J-8301
J-5344
J-5345
J-5347 J-5348
J-8437
J-5402 J-5403
J-8465
J-8475
J-5452J-5453
J-5456J-5457
J-8487
J-5475
J-5476
J-5479
J-5480
J-5502
J-8505
J-8512
J-5524
J-5549
J-5556
J-5572J-5573
J-5574
J-5575
J-8525
J-5622J-5623
J-5645
J-5646
J-8571
J-9220
J-5670J-5671
J-5674
J-5677
J-5682
J-5683
J-8601
LEGEND UV120
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
18B

×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
× × × × × ×
×
×
×××
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
× × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
× ×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
× ×
×
× × × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× × × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
H-557
H-554
H-553
H-552
H-551
H-550
H-549
H-548
H-547
H-543 H-542 H-541
H-537
H-505
H-499
H-496
H-465 H-466 H-467 H-468
H-464
H-462 H-463
H-460 H-461
H-536
H-535
H-534
H-533
H-532
H-531
H-530
H-529
H-495
H-488
H-507
H-528
021-022
021-035
012-028
021-025
021-012
021-002
028-033
028-032
021-005
022-019
028-043 029-031
020-030
021-040
021-031
028-044
028-037
021-037
027-043
021-001
028-046 028-029
028-023
022-020
169-069
022-013
021-018
011-003
011-024
011-038
012-061
011-025
012-039
012-032
012-024
012-031
012-030
169-063
011-019
012-035
021-008
012-038
012-037
022-035
012-025
012-036
013-043
027-035
012-056
022-049
021-006
011-023
011-020
011-022
021-014
011-028
022-046
022-037
021-021
021-027
012-014
012-022
011-031 011-029
012-033
012-026
012-023
012-027
012-034
012-057
011-035 011-034
011-037
011-036
012-062
012-060
021-042
012-017
012-016
021-011
021-030
021-015
022-005
012-013
021-039
021-009
022-048
022-012
028-036
012-009
012-004
012-005
012-007
012-006
012-008
021-016
011-004 011-006 011-007
022-043
011-008
022-044
022-045
022-033
022-036
022-034
011-030
022-042
011-005
021-004
022-031
022-032
021-010
022-023
022-025
011-032
021-020
022-018
022-024
022-026
021-048
021-034
021-028
021-032 021-033
021-029
027-028
027-037
022-009
027-032
022-004
027-036 027-026 028-030
027-040 027-041
012-029
027-029
022-008
027-033
029-024
027-030
028-031
028-034
028-039 028-040
028-042
028-041
028-035
027-027 028-024 028-025 028-026 028-027 028-028
027-025
021-017
021-003
021-007 022-014
021-013
021-023 021-019
021-024
021-026
021-047
022-027
022-028
012-065
012-064
012-063
021-045 021-046
021-044
021-043
011-027
012-010
012-011
013-003
013-002
013-001
021-036
021-049
012-015
012-012
011-009
011-010 011-011
021-038
011-026
J-8964 J-8963
J-5729
J-5732
J-8612
J-5737
J-5738
J-5762
J-5764
J-5765
J-5766
J-5768J-5769
J-5787
J-5792
J-5807
J-5808
J-6121
J-6122
J-6143 J-8753
J-6150
J-8754
J-6153
J-6188
J-6214
J-6241
J-5818 J-5861
J-5862
J-5869
J-8667
J-8672 J-8673
J-8802
J-5910
J-5919
J-5920
J-5923
J-5972
J-5987
J-5990
J-5991
J-5992
J-5993
J-6021
J-9335
J-9334
J-9333
J-6046 J-6053
J-6059
J-6060
J-6065
J-6066
J-9331
J-9326
J-6100
J-6101J-6102
J-6109
J-6279
J-6280
J-6302
J-9325
J-6313
J-6314
J-6327J-6328
J-6347
J-6362
J-6394
J-8651
J-6425
J-6426
J-6444
J-6447
J-6474
J-6475
J-6504
J-6505 J-6531
J-6555 J-6557
J-6558
J-6569
J-6570
J-6591
J-6619
J-8431
J-6627
J-6628
J-6629
J-6630
J-6631
J-6638
J-6643
J-6649
J-8527
J-6666
J-6667
J-6674
J-6675J-6676
J-6678
J-6679
J-9324
J-9323
J-9322
J-6682
J-6709
J-6719 J-6718
J-6720
J-6749 J-9316 J-9315
J-8587
J-6760
J-6761
J-6781
J-6806
J-6809
J-9314
J-9313
J-9310
J-9309
J-9308
J-6819
J-6820
J-9307
J-9306
J-6879
J-6883 J-6880
J-6904
J-6910
J-9305
J-9304
J-9302
J-9293
J-6966
J-9292
J-9291
J-8355
J-7038
J-7039
J-7057
J-7092 J-7091
J-7153 J-7154
J-7168
J-7189
J-7210
J-7211
J-9278
J-7243
J-7254
J-7264
J-7265
J-7274
J-7320
J-7359 J-7358
J-7360 J-7361
J-7369
J-7379
J-7380
J-7384
J-8717
J-7390
J-7391
J-7392
J-9270
J-7409
J-7410 J-7411
J-7415
J-7416
J-7424
J-7439
J-7457
J-7458
J-7460 J-7472
J-7473
J-7521
J-7524
J-7569 J-7570
J-7575
J-7576
J-7577
J-7578
J-7635
J-7681
J-7682
J-7689
J-7690
J-7704
J-8728
J-7738
J-8361
J-7788
J-7789
J-7790
J-8489
J-8455
J-7828
J-7842
J-7843
J-8335
J-7888 J-7887
J-7889
J-9266
J-9263
J-7924 J-7925
J-7926
J-8715
J-9262
J-9261
J-9260
J-9258 J-9259
J-7985
J-7990
J-7997
J-8521
J-8050
J-8750
J-8073
J-8084
J-8097
J-8110
J-8146
J-8147
J-8152
J-8360
J-8158
J-8159
J-8711
J-8286
J-8194 J-8193
J-8418
J-8218
J-8853
J-8235
J-5100J-5101
J-8285
J-5119
J-5120 J-9245
J-9244
J-5159
J-5165
J-5176J-5177
J-9243
J-9242
J-5197
J-8338
J-5201
J-5206
J-5207 J-5215
J-5216
J-8351
J-5234
J-5236
J-5237
J-5238J-5239
J-5242
J-8368
J-8374
J-5251
J-5252
J-5272J-5273
J-5280J-5281
J-8392
J-5290J-5291
J-5302
J-5303
J-5307J-5308
J-5309
J-8406
J-5350
J-5391J-5392
J-5393 J-5394
J-8454
J-5430J-5431
J-5434
J-5465 J-5466
J-5481
J-5485
J-5486
J-5498
J-5499
J-5519
J-5520
J-5527J-5528
J-5532
J-5541
J-5542
J-5561
J-5568
J-5582
J-8548
J-5611
J-5612
J-8559
J-5642 J-5643
J-9220
J-5668 J-5669
J-5695
UV120
LEGEND
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE

CITY OF MANTECA

WATER MASTER PLAN

MODEL NODE IDS
19B

×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
× ×
× ×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
× × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
× ×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
× ×
× ×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
× ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
H-556
H-546
H-545
H-544
H-540
H-539
H-538
H-501
H-498
H-497
H-471
H-470
H-493
H-492 H-491
H-489 H-490
H-526
029-034
019-047
030-021
019-023
030-047 030-044
030-039
030-034
029-032
020-003
020-027 020-005
019-002
020-017
029-035
029-029
020-001
020-012
014-015
013-034
014-017 014-016
030-029
013-015
013-013 013-012
014-018
019-015
013-004
013-035
029-010
013-014
013-010 013-011
019-040
029-027
013-009
013-016
014-019
014-014
019-046
019-027
029-042
029-028
019-031
019-028
013-036
019-013
019-014
019-022 019-020
019-016
019-019
019-017 019-018
019-030 019-029
019-021
030-036
020-025
020-024
015-011
013-005
013-031
013-032
013-033
013-008
013-006
013-030
013-029
013-028 013-026 013-025
013-024
013-017
013-018
013-019
013-020
013-021
013-022
013-023
020-002
020-016
020-022
013-027
030-023
020-014
020-015
019-007 019-008
019-009
019-010
019-012
019-011
014-004
014-005
019-004
020-020
014-002
014-003
014-006
014-013
019-037
029-022
029-019
029-041
029-026
029-033
020-006
020-013
029-036
020-010
020-009
020-018
020-019
030-046 030-045
030-042
030-043
013-007
029-025
029-037
030-027
029-030
030-033
019-001
030-028 030-030
030-022 030-020
029-023
029-020 029-021
030-026
029-016
020-028
014-007
020-004
020-007
020-008
020-011
020-021
020-023
013-037
020-026
014-001
019-006
019-005
030-035
029-017B 029-017A
J-9014
J-8913
J-8912
J-8909J-8899
J-8897
J-5745
J-5746
J-5754 J-5755
J-8621
J-5761
J-5780
J-8640
J-5806
J-6128
J-6129 J-6236
J-6237
J-6239
J-6244
J-6250
J-5826
J-5827
J-5859
J-5872
J-5873
J-8663
J-5885
J-5938
J-5974J-5975
J-5999
J-6000
J-8712
J-6033
J-6075
J-6079
J-8727
J-6269
J-9327 J-9328
J-6333
J-6334
J-6340
J-6356
J-6366
J-6367
J-6368
J-6382
J-6383
J-6388
J-6389
J-6390 J-6391
J-6393 J-6398
J-8309
J-6406
J-8648
J-6442
J-6443
J-8272
J-8665
J-6488 J-6489
J-6495
J-8575
J-6526
J-6530
J-6546
J-8836
J-6584
J-6585
J-8846
J-6601 J-6602
J-6622
J-6623
J-6639
J-6673
J-6677
J-8576
J-9321 J-9320
J-9319 J-9318
J-6701
J-6702
J-6707
J-6708
J-6712
J-6713
J-6750
J-6755
J-6764
J-6765
J-6769
J-6788 J-6789
J-6802 J-6801
J-6803
J-6805
J-6810
J-6813
J-9312
J-9311
J-6817 J-6818
J-6821 J-6822
J-6823 J-6824
J-6829
J-6839
J-6852
J-8675
J-6868
J-8844
J-8851
J-6885
J-6905
J-6926
J-6927
J-8469
J-9300
J-9299
J-9298
J-9297
J-9296
J-9295
J-9294
J-6975
J-6998
J-6999
J-7007 J-9288
J-8845
J-7024
J-7043
J-7053
J-7080
J-7122
J-7140
J-7141
J-9282
J-9281
J-9277
J-9275
J-7277
J-7308
J-7352 J-7353
J-7385
J-7405
J-7406
J-8679
J-7417 J-7423
J-8421
J-7432
J-7433
J-8488
J-7438
J-9268
J-9267
J-8626
J-7531
J-8813
J-7627
J-7647 J-7648
J-8842
J-7882
J-7901
J-9264 J-9265
J-7929
J-8320
J-8037
J-8043
J-8814 J-8107
J-8114 J-8115
J-8125
J-8126
J-8144
J-8163
J-8164
J-8236
J-8835
J-9251
J-9250
J-5082
J-5084 J-5085
J-5099
J-5108
J-5114
J-8288
J-9249
J-9248
J-9247
J-5144
J-8365
J-8310
J-5155
J-8319
J-5166 J-5167
J-5174
J-8330
J-5208
J-5209
J-5210
J-5226
J-5227
J-5257J-5258
J-8397
J-5288
J-5292 J-5293
J-5294
J-9015 J-5321
J-5322
J-5331 J-5332
J-5374
J-5375
J-8664
J-5383
J-5384
J-5387
J-5389
J-5390
J-8452
J-8468
J-5426 J-5427
J-5460J-5461
J-5477
J-5478
J-5483
J-5487
J-8804
J-8502
J-8504
J-5503
J-5504
J-5525
J-5526
J-5539
J-5550
J-5551 J-5552
J-5553
J-5554J-5555
J-5557
J-5558
J-5566
J-8535
J-5576
J-5587
J-8757
J-5605
J-5606
J-5607J-5608
J-5610
J-5625 J-5626
J-5676
J-8585
LEGEND
× Model Hydrants
Model Nodes
Model Pipeline
FIGURE