Menifee City Council
May 1, 2024

CARLSBAD
CLOVIS
IRVINE

LOS ANGELES

PALM SPRINGS

POINT RICHMOND

RIVERSIDE

ROSEVILLE

SAN LUIS OBISPO
2565 Alluvial Avenue, Suite 112, Clovis, California 93611 559.490.1210 www.lsa.net

MEMORANDUM
DATE:

TO:

FROM:

SUBJECT:

April 2, 2024
Adriana Wright, Project Manager, Mister Car Wash
Cara Cunningham, Associate
Air Quality Analysis for the Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project in Menifee, California

INTRODUCTION
LSA has prepared this Air Quality Analysis to evaluate the impacts associated with construction and operation of the proposed Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project (project) in Menifee, California. This analysis was prepared using methods and assumptions recommended in the air quality impact assessment guidelines of the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) in its CEQA Air Quality Handbook (1993) and associated updates. This analysis includes an assessment of criteria pollutant emissions, an assessment of carbon monoxide (CO) hot-spot impacts, and an assessment of the potential impacts of project-related emissions to sensitive receptors.

PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION
The currently vacant 1.731-acre project site is at 29249 Newport Road, Menifee, California, within the existing Shoppes at the Lakes Commercial Center. The proposed project is immediately adjacent to existing commercial uses to the north and west, residential uses to the east opposite Laguna Vista Drive, and residential uses to the south opposite Rockport Road.

The proposed project would construct a 5,434-square-foot express car wash and an 11,992-square- foot day care with a 21,300-square-foot play area. The proposed car wash would include 12 vacuum stalls, three parking spaces, and a three-lane drive-through queue. The drive-through queue would also include an employee kiosk and a traffic arm barrier to control vehicle traffic within the drive- through lane. The proposed day care would provide 49 parking spaces, including 8 electric vehicle spaces. The proposed project would incorporate landscaping into the parking lots and areas surrounding each building. The proposed project location map and site plan are presented in Figures 1 and 2 (provided as Attachment A).

Construction of the proposed project would include site preparation, grading, building, paving, and architectural coating (painting) activities. Construction is expected to begin early 2025 and would take place over an 8-month duration. The proposed project would not require any soil import/export.

4/2/24 (P:\CWP2205\Product\AQ\Mister Car Wash Menifee AQ Memo.docx) 2 EXISTING LAND USES IN THE PROJECT AREA
For the purposes of this analysis, sensitive receptors are areas of the population that have an increased sensitivity to air pollution or environmental contaminants. Sensitive receptor locations include residences, schools, day care centers, hospitals, parks, and similar uses that are sensitive to air quality. Impacts on sensitive receptors are of particular concern because those receptors are the population most vulnerable to the effects of air pollution. The project site is surrounded primarily by existing commercial and residential uses. The closest sensitive receptors to the project site include residential uses 75 feet south of the project site across Rockport Road and 110 feet east of the project site across Laguna Vista Drive.

ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
Air quality is primarily a function of local climate, local sources of air pollution, and regional pollution transport. The amount of a given pollutant in the atmosphere is determined by the amount of the pollutant released and the atmosphere’s ability to transport and dilute the pollutant.

The major determinants of transport and dilution are wind, atmospheric stability, terrain, and, for photochemical pollutants, sunshine.

A region’s topographic features have a direct correlation with air pollution flow and are therefore used to determine the boundary of air basins. The proposed project is in the City of Menifee, which is within the jurisdiction of the SCAQMD, which regulates air quality in the South Coast Air Basin (Basin).

The Basin comprises approximately 10,000 square miles and covers all of Orange County and the urban parts of Los Angeles, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties. The Basin is on a coastal plain with connecting broad valleys and low hills to the east. Regionally, the Basin is bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the southwest and high mountains to the east, forming the inland perimeter.

Both State and federal governments have established health-based ambient air quality standards for six criteria air pollutants: CO, ozone (O
3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), lead, and suspended particulate matter. In addition, the State has set standards for sulfates, hydrogen sulfide, vinyl chloride, and visibility-reducing particles. These standards are designed to protect the health and welfare of the populace with a reasonable margin of safety. Two criteria pollutants, O3 and NO2, are considered regional pollutants because they (or their precursors) affect air quality on a regional scale. Pollutants such as CO, SO2, and lead are considered local pollutants that tend to accumulate in the air locally.

Air quality monitoring stations are located throughout the nation and are maintained by the local air districts and State air quality regulating agencies. Data collected at permanent monitoring stations are used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to identify regions as “attainment” or “nonattainment” depending on whether the regions meet the requirements stated in the applicable National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Nonattainment areas are imposed with additional restrictions as required by the EPA. In addition, different classifications of attainment (e.g., marginal, moderate, serious, severe, and extreme) are used to classify each air basin in the State on a pollutant-by-pollutant basis. The classifications are used as a foundation to create air quality management strategies to improve air quality and comply with the NAAQS.

4/2/24 (P:\CWP2205\Product\AQ\Mister Car Wash Menifee AQ Memo.docx) 3 As shown in Table A, the Basin is designated as nonattainment by federal standards for O3 and particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) and nonattainment by State standards for O3, particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10), and PM2.5.

Table A: Attainment Status of Criteria Pollutants in the South Coast Air Basin Pollutant State Federal
O3 1-hour Nonattainment N/A
O3 8-hour Nonattainment Extreme Nonattainment
PM10 Nonattainment Attainment/Maintenance
PM2.5 Nonattainment Nonattainment
CO Attainment Attainment/Maintenance
NO2 Attainment Unclassified/Attainment (1-hour)
Attainment/Maintenance (Annual)
SO2 Attainment Unclassified/Attainment
Lead Attainment1 Unclassified/Attainment1
All Others Attainment/Unclassified Attainment/Unclassified Source 1: NAAQS and CAAQS Attainment Status for South Coast Air Basin (SCAQMD 2016).

Source 2: Nonattainment Areas for Criteria Pollutants (Green Book) (EPA 2019). 1 Only the Los Angeles County portion of the South Coast Air Basin is in nonattainment for lead.

CAAQS = California Ambient Air Quality Standards
CO = carbon monoxide
N/A = not applicable
NAAQS = National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NO2 = nitrogen dioxide
O3 = ozone
PM10 = particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter PM2.5 = particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter SCAQMD = South Coast Air Quality Management District
SO2 = sulfur dioxide
EPA = United States Environmental Protection Agency

REGULATORY SETTING
Applicable federal, State, regional, and local air quality regulations are discussed below.

Federal Regulations
The 1970 federal Clean Air Act (CAA) authorized the establishment of national health-based air quality standards and set deadlines for their attainment. The CAA Amendments of 1990 changed deadlines for attaining national standards as well as the remedial actions required for areas of the nation that exceed the standards. Under the CAA, State and local agencies in areas that exceed the national standards are required to develop State Implementation Plans to demonstrate how they will achieve the national standards by specified dates.

State Regulations
In 1988, the California Clean Air Act (CCAA) required that all air districts in the State endeavor to achieve and maintain California Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) for CO, O 3, SO2, and NO2 by
the earliest practical date. The CCAA provides districts with the authority to regulate indirect sources and mandates that air quality districts focus particular attention on reducing emissions from transportation and areawide emission sources. Each nonattainment district is required to adopt a plan to achieve a 5 percent annual reduction, averaged over consecutive 3-year periods, in district- wide emissions of each nonattainment pollutant or its precursors. A Clean Air Plan shows how a district would reduce emissions to achieve air quality standards. Generally, the State standards for these pollutants are more stringent than the national standards.

4/2/24 (P:\CWP2205\Product\AQ\Mister Car Wash Menifee AQ Memo.docx) 4 The California Air Resources Board (CARB) is the State’s “clean air agency.” CARB’s goals are to attain and maintain healthy air quality, protect the public from exposure to toxic air contaminants, and oversee compliance with air pollution rules and regulations.

Regional Regulations
South Coast Air Quality Management District
The proposed project would be required to comply with regional rules that assist in reducing short- term air pollutant emissions. SCAQMD Rule 403 requires that fugitive dust be controlled with best available control measures, so the presence of such dust does not remain visible in the atmosphere beyond the property line of the emissions source. In addition, SCAQMD Rule 403 requires implementation of dust suppression techniques to prevent fugitive dust from creating a nuisance off site. SCAQMD Rule 1113 limits the volatile organic compound (VOC) content of architectural coatings. Applicable dust suppression techniques from SCAQMD Rule 403 and low VOC content in paints under SCAQMD Rule 1113 are summarized below. Implementation of these dust suppression techniques can reduce the fugitive dust generation (and thus the PM 10 component). Compliance
with these rules would reduce impacts on nearby sensitive receptors.

Rule 403 Measures.
• Water active sites at least two times daily (locations where grading is to occur will be thoroughly watered prior to earthmoving).
• All trucks hauling dirt, sand, soil, or other loose materials are to be covered or should maintain at least 2 feet of freeboard in accordance with the requirements of California Vehicle Code Section 23114 (freeboard means vertical space between the top of the load and top of the trailer). • Traffic speeds on all unpaved roads shall be reduced to 15 miles per hour (mph) or less.

Rule 1113 Measures. SCAQMD Rule 1113 governs the sale, use, and manufacture of architectural coating and limits the VOC content in paints and paint solvents. This rule regulates the VOC content of paints available during construction and operation of the proposed project. Therefore, all paints and solvents used during construction and operation of the proposed project must comply with SCAQMD Rule 1113.

Air Quality Management Plan. The SCAQMD is responsible for demonstrating regional compliance with ambient air quality standards but has limited indirect involvement in reducing emissions from fugitive, mobile, and natural sources. To that end, the SCAQMD works cooperatively with the CARB, the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), county transportation commissions, local governments, and other federal and State government agencies. It has responded to this requirement by preparing a series of Air Quality Management Plans (AQMPs) to meet CAAQS and NAAQS. The SCAQMD and SCAG are responsible for formulating and implementing the AQMP for the Basin. The main purpose of an AQMP is to bring the area into compliance with federal and State

4/2/24 (P:\CWP2205\Product\AQ\Mister Car Wash Menifee AQ Memo.docx) 5 air quality standards. Every 3 years, the SCAQMD prepares a new AQMP, updating the previous plan and 20-year horizon.1
The Final 2022 Air Quality Management Plan is the currently adopted AQMP. Key elements of the Final 2022 AQMP include:
• Calculating and taking credit for co-benefits from other planning efforts (e.g., climate, energy, and transportation)
• A strategy with fair-share emission reductions at the federal, State, and local levels • Investment in strategies and technologies meeting multiple air quality objectives • Seeking new partnerships and significant funding for incentives to accelerate deployment of zero-emission and near-zero emission technologies
• Enhanced socioeconomic assessment, including an expanded environmental justice analysis • Attainment of the 24-hour PM

2.5 standard in 2019 with no additional measures
• Attainment of the annual PM2.5 standard by 2025 with implementation of a portion of the O3 strategy
• Attainment of the 1-hour O3 standard by 2022 with no reliance on “black box” future technology (CAA Section 182(e)(5) measures)
The 2022 AQMP builds upon measures already in place from previous AQMPs. It also includes a variety of additional strategies such as regulation, accelerated deployment of available cleaner technologies (e.g., zero emission technologies, when cost-effective and feasible, and low nitrogen oxide [NOX] technologies in other applications), best management practices, co-benefits from existing programs (e.g., climate and energy efficiency), incentives, and other CAA measures to achieve the 2015 8-hour ozone standard.

Southern California Association of Governments
SCAG is a council of governments for Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Imperial, and Ventura counties. It is a regional planning agency and serves as a forum for regional issues relating to transportation, the economy and community development, and the environment. SCAG is the federally designated Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) for the majority of the southern California region and is the largest MPO in the nation. With regard to air quality planning, SCAG prepares the Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) and Regional Transportation Improvement Program (RTIP), which address regional development and growth forecasts and form the basis for the land use and transportation control portions of the AQMP and are used in the preparation of the air quality forecasts and consistency analysis included in the AQMP. The RTP, RTIP, and AQMP are based on projections originating within local jurisdictions.

1 SCAQMD. 2022. 2022 Air Quality Management Plan. December. Website: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/ default-source/clean-air-plans/air-quality-management-plans/2022-air-quality-management-plan/final- 2022-aqmp/final-2022-aqmp.pdf?sfvrsn=16 (accessed November 2023).

4/2/24 (P:\CWP2205\Product\AQ\Mister Car Wash Menifee AQ Memo.docx) 6 Although SCAG is not an air quality management agency, it is responsible for developing transportation, land use, and energy conservation measures that affect air quality. SCAG’s Regional Comprehensive Plan (RCP) provides growth forecasts that the SCAQMD uses in the development of air quality-related land use and transportation control strategies. The RCP is a framework for decision-ma
king for local governments, assisting them in meeting federal and State mandates for growth management, mobility, and environmental standards, while maintaining consistency with regional goals regarding growth and changes. Policies within the RCP include consideration of air quality, land use, transportation, and economic relationships by all levels of government.

S
CAG adopted the 2020–2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (Connect SoCal) on September 3, 2020. Connect SoCal is a long-range visioning plan that balances future mobility and housing needs with economic, environmental, and public health goals. Connect SoCal is an important planning document for the region, allowing project sponsors to qualify for federal funding and taking into account operations and maintenance costs, to ensure reliability, longevity, and cost effectiveness. The forecasted development pattern, when integrated with the financially constrained transportation investments identified in Connect SoCal, would reach the regional target of reducing GHG emissions from autos and light-duty trucks by 19 percent by 2035 (compared to 2005 levels).

Local Regulations
City of Menifee General Plan
The City of Menifee (City) addresses air quality in the Open Space and Conservation Element of the City’s General Plan. The Open Space and Conservation Element contains goals, policies, and implementing actions that works toward reducing impacts to air quality at the local level by minimizing pollution and particulate matter. The following goals, policies, and implementing actions related to air quality are presented in the Conservation Element 2 and are applicable to the proposed
project:
• Policy OCS-9.2: Buffer sensitive land uses, such as residences, schools, care facilities, and recreation areas from major air pollutant emission sources, including freeways, manufacturing, hazardous materials storage, wastewater treatment, and similar uses. • Policy OCS-9.3: Comply with regional, state, and federal standards and programs for control of all airborne pollutants and noxious odors, regardless of source. • Policy OCS-9.4: Support the Riverside County Regional Air Quality Task Force, the Southern California Association of Government’s Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy, and the South Coast Air Quality Management District’s Air Quality Management Plan to reduce air pollution at the regional level.

2 City of Menifee. 2013. Menifee General Plan, Open Space and Conservation Element. Website:
https://www.cityofmenifee.us/250/Open-Space-Conservation-Element (accessed March 2024).

4/2/24 (P:\CWP2205\Product\AQ\Mister Car Wash Menifee AQ Memo.docx) 7 • Policy OCS-9.5: Comply with the mandatory requirements of Title 24 Part 1 of the California Building Standards Code (CALGreen) and Title 24 Part 6 Building and Energy Efficiency Standards.

METHODOLOGY
Construction Emissions
Construction activities can generate a substantial amount of air pollution. Construction activities are considered temporary; however, short-term impacts can contribute to exceedances of air quality standards. Construction activities include demolition, site preparation, earthmoving, and general construction. The emissions generated from these common construction activities include fugitive dust from soil disturbance; fuel combustion from mobile heavy-duty, diesel- and gasoline-powered equipment, and portable auxiliary equipment; and worker commute trips.

LSA used the California Emissions Estimator Model version 2022.1 (CalEEMod) computer program to calculate emissions from on-site construction equipment and from worker and vehicle trips to the site. Construction would include site preparation, grading, building, paving, and architectural coating (painting) activities. Construction is expected to begin early 2025 and would take place over an 8- month duration, which was included in CalEEMod. In addition, this analysis assumes that the proposed project would use Tier 2 construction equipment and that the proposed project would comply with SCAQMD Rule 403 measures, which were also included in CalEEMod. All other construction details are not yet known; therefore, default assumptions (e.g., construction worker and truck trips and fleet activities) from CalEEMod were used.

Operational Emissions
This air quality analysis includes estimating emissions associated with long-term operation of the project. Indirect emissions of criteria pollutants with regional impacts would be emitted by project- generated vehicle trips. In addition, localized air quality impacts (i.e., higher CO concentrations or “hot spots”) near intersections or roadway segments in the project vicinity would also potentially occur due to project-generated vehicle trips.

Consistent with SCAQMD guidance for estimating emissions associated with land use development projects, the CalEEMod computer program was used to calculate the long-term operational emissions associated with the project. As previously discussed in the Project Location and Description section, he proposed project would construct a 5,434-square-foot express car wash, an 11,992-square-foot day care with a 21,300-square-foot play area, and a total of 64 parking spaces.

Therefore, the analysis was conducted using land use codes Automobile Care Center, Day Care Center, City Park, and Parking Lot. Where project-specific data were not available, default assumptions (e.g., trip generation, energy usage, water usage, and solid waste generation) from CalEEMod were used to estimate project emissions. CalEEMod output sheets are included in Attachment B.

4/2/24 (P:\CWP2205\Product\AQ\Mister Car Wash Menifee AQ Memo.docx) 8 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE
The State CEQA Guidelines indicate that a project would normally have a significant adverse air quality impact if project-generated pollutant emissions would do any of the following:
• Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan • Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project is in nonattainment under applicable NAAQS or CAAQS
• Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations • Result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) affecting a substantial number of people
Certain air districts (e.g., SCAQMD) have created guidelines and requirements to conduct air quality analysis. The SCAQMD’s current guidelines, the CEQA Air Quality Handbook 3 with associated
updates, were followed in this assessment of air quality impacts for the proposed project.

Regional Emissions Thresholds
The SCAQMD has established daily emissions thresholds for construction and operation of proposed projects in the Basin. The emission thresholds were established based on the attainment status of the Basin with regard to air quality standards for specific criteria pollutants. Because the concentration standards were set at a level that protects public health with an adequate margin of safety, these emission thresholds are regarded as conservative and would overstate an individual project’s contribution to health risks. Table B lists the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) significance thresholds for construction and operational emissions established for the Basin.

Table B: Regional Thresholds for Construction and Operational Emissions Emissions Source Pollutant Emissions Threshold (lbs/day) VOCs NOX CO PM10 PM2.5 SOX
Construction 75 100 550 150 55 150
Operations 55 55 550 150 55 150
Source: SCAQMD Air Quality Significance Thresholds (April 2019).

CO = carbon monoxide
lbs/day = pounds per day
NOX = nitrogen oxides
PM2.5 = particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in size PM10 = particulate matter less than 10 microns in size
SCAQMD = South Coast Air Quality Management District
SOX = sulfur oxides
VOCs = volatile organic compounds

Projects in the Basin with construction- or operation-related emissions that exceed any of their respective emission thresholds would be considered significant under SCAQMD guidelines. These thresholds, which the SCAQMD developed and which apply throughout the Basin, apply as both

3 South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). 1993. CEQA Air Quality Handbook. Website:
http://www.aqmd.gov/home/rules-compliance/ceqa/air-quality-analysis-handbook/ceqa-air-quality- handbook-(1993) (accessed March 2024).

4/2/24 (P:\CWP2205\Product\AQ\Mister Car Wash Menifee AQ Memo.docx) 9 project and cumulative thresholds. If a project exceeds these standards, it is considered to have a project-specific and cumulative impact.

Local Microscale Concentration Standards
The significance of localized project impacts under CEQA depends on whether ambient CO levels in the vicinity of the project are above or below State and federal CO standards. Because ambient CO levels are below the standards throughout the Basin, a project would be considered to have a significant CO impact if project emissions result in an exceedance of one or more of the 1-hour or 8-hour standards. The following are applicable local emission concentration standards for CO:
• California State 1-hour CO standard of 20 (parts per million) ppm • California State 8-hour CO standard of 9 ppm
Localized Impacts Analysis
The SCAQMD published its Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology in July 2008, recommending that all air quality analyses include an assessment of air quality impacts to nearby sensitive receptors.
4 This guidance was used to analyze potential localized air quality impacts associated with construction of the proposed project. Localized significance thresholds (LSTs) are developed based on the size or total area of the emission source, the ambient air quality in the Source Receptor Area (SRA), and the distance to the project. Sensitive receptors include residences, schools, hospitals, and similar uses that are sensitive to adverse air quality.

LSTs are based on the ambient concentrations of that pollutant within the project SRA and the distance to the nearest sensitive receptor. For the proposed project, the appropriate SRA for the LST is the Perris Valley area (SRA 24). The SCAQMD provides LST screening tables for 25-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 500-meter source-receptor distances. As identified above, the closest sensitive receptors to the project site include residential uses 75 feet south of the project site across Rockport Road and 110 feet east of the project site across Laguna Vista Drive. In cases where receptors may be closer than 82 feet (25 meters), any distances within the 82-foot (25-meter) buffer zone can be used. As such, the minimum distance of 25 meters was used. Based on the anticipated construction equipment, it is assumed that the maximum daily disturbed acreage for the proposed project would be 1.5 acres. 5 The 1.5-acre threshold was also used for project operation. Table C lists the emission thresholds that apply during project construction and operation.

4 SCAQMD. 2008. Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology. July. 5 SCAQMD. n.d. Fact Sheet for Applying CalEEMod to Localized Significance Thresholds. Website:
http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ceqa/handbook/localized-significance-thresholds/caleemod- guidance.pdf (accessed March 2024).

4/2/24 (P:\CWP2205\Product\AQ\Mister Car Wash Menifee AQ Memo.docx) 10 Table C: SCAQMD Localized Significance Thresholds
Emissions Source Pollutant Emissions Threshold (lbs/day) NOX CO PM10 PM2.5
Construction (1.5-acre, 25-meter distance) 144.0 743.0 5.5 3.5 Operations (1.5-acre, 25-meter distance) 144.0 743.0 1.5 1.0 Source: Final Localized Significance Threshold Methodology (SCAQMD 2008).

CO = carbon monoxide
lbs/day = pounds per day
NOX = nitrogen oxides
PM10 = particulate matter less than 10 microns in size
PM2.5 = particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in size SCAQMD = South Coast Air Quality Management District

IMPACT ANALYSIS
Air pollutant emissions associated with the project would occur over the short term from construction activities and over the long term from project-related vehicular trips and due to energy consumption (e.g., electricity) by the proposed land uses.

Consistency with Applicable Air Quality Plans
A consistency determination plays an essential role in local agency project review by linking local planning and unique individual projects to the air quality plans. A consistency determination fulfills the CEQA goal of fully informing local agency decision-makers of the environmental costs of the project under consideration at a stage early enough to ensure that air quality concerns are addressed. Only new or amended General Plan elements, Specific Plans, and significantly unique projects need to undergo a consistency review due to the air quality plan strategy being based on projections from local General Plans.

The proposed project would include the construction of a 5,434-square-foot car wash and an 11,992-square-foot day care with a 21,300-square-foot play area. The proposed project is not considered a project of state-wide, regional, or area-wide significance (e.g., large-scale projects such as airports, electrical generating facilities, petroleum and gas refineries, residential developments of more than 500 dwelling units, and shopping centers or business establishments employing more than 1,000 persons or encompassing more than 500,000 square feet of floor space) as defined in the California Code of Regulations (Title 14, Division 6, Chapter 3, Article 13, §15206(b)). Because the proposed project would not be defined as a regionally significant project under CEQA, it does not meet SCAG’s Intergovernmental Review criteria.

The City’s General Plan is consistent with the SCAG Regional Comprehensive Plan Guidelines and the SCAQMD AQMP. Pursuant to the methodology provided in the SCAQMD CEQA Air Quality Handbook, consistency with the Basin 2022 AQMP is affirmed when a project (1) would not increase the frequency or severity of an air quality standards violation or cause a new violation, and (2) is consistent with the growth assumptions in the AQMP. Consistency review is presented as follows:

1. The project would result in short-term construction and long-term operational pollutant emissions that are all less than the CEQA significance emissions thresholds established by the SCAQMD, as demonstrated below; therefore, the project would not result in an increase in the frequency or severity of an air quality standards violation or cause a new air quality standards violation.

4/2/24 (P:\CWP2205\Product\AQ\Mister Car Wash Menifee AQ Memo.docx) 11 2. The CEQA Air Quality Handbook indicates that consistency with AQMP growth assumptions must be analyzed for new or amended General Plan elements, Specific Plans, and significant projects.

Significant projects include airports, electrical generating facilities, petroleum and gas refineries, designation of oil drilling districts, water ports, solid waste disposal sites, and offshore drilling facilities. The project site is currently designated as Commercial in the City’s General Plan. The proposed uses are allowed under this General Plan designation; therefore, the proposed project would not require a change to the General Plan land use designation and would be consistent with the City’s General Plan and Zoning Ordinance.

Based on the consistency analysis presented above, the proposed project would be consistent with the regional AQMP.

Criteria Pollutant Analysis
The Basin is currently designated as nonattainment for the federal and State standards for O3 and PM2.5. In addition, the Basin is in nonattainment for the PM10 standard. The Basin’s nonattainment status is attributed to the region’s development history. Past, present, and future development projects contribute to the region’s adverse air quality impacts on a cumulative basis. By its very nature, air pollution is largely a cumulative impact. No single project is sufficient in size to, by itself, result in nonattainment of an ambient air quality standard. Instead, a project’s individual emissions contribute to existing cumulatively significant adverse air quality impacts. If a project’s contribution to the cumulative impact is considerable, then the project’s impact on air quality would be considered significant.

In developing thresholds of significance for air pollutants, the SCAQMD considered the emissions levels for which a project’s individual emissions would be cumulatively considerable. If a project exceeds the identified significance thresholds, its emissions would be cumulatively considerable, resulting in significant adverse air quality impacts to the region’s existing air quality conditions.

Therefore, additional analysis to assess cumulative impacts is not necessary. The following analysis assesses the potential project-level air quality impacts associated with construction and operation of the proposed project.

Construction Emissions
During construction, short-term degradation of air quality may occur due to the release of particulate matter emissions (i.e., fugitive dust) generated by grading, building construction, paving, and other activities. Emissions from construction equipment are also anticipated and would include CO, NO
X, VOCs, directly emitted PM2.5 or PM10, and TACs such as diesel particulate matter.

Project construction activities would include grading, site preparation, building construction, architectural coating, and paving activities. Construction-related effects on air quality from the proposed project would be greatest during the site preparation phase due to the disturbance of soils. If not properly controlled, these activities would temporarily generate particulate emissions.

Sources of fugitive dust would include disturbed soils at the construction site. Unless properly controlled, vehicles leaving the site would deposit dirt and mud on local streets, which could be an additional source of airborne dust after it dries. PM
10 emissions would vary from day to day,
depending on the nature and magnitude of construction activity and local weather conditions. PM10

4/2/24 (P:\CWP2205\Product\AQ\Mister Car Wash Menifee AQ Memo.docx) 12 emissions would depend on soil moisture, silt content of soil, wind speed, and amount of operating equipment. Larger dust particles would settle near the source, whereas fine particles would be dispersed over greater distances from the construction site.

Water or other soil stabilizers can be used to control dust, resulting in emission reductions of 50 percent or more. The SCAQMD has established Rule 403: Fugitive Dust, which would require the applicant to implement measures that would reduce the amount of particulate matter generated during the construction period. The Rule 403 measures that were incorporated in this analysis include:
• Water active sites at least twice daily (locations where grading is to occur shall be thoroughly watered prior to earthmoving).
• Cover all trucks hauling dirt, sand, soil, or other loose materials, or maintain at least 2 feet (0.6 meter) of freeboard (vertical space between the top of the load and the top of the trailer) in accordance with the requirements of California Vehicle Code Section 23114. • Reduce traffic speeds on all unpaved roads to 15 mph or less.

In addition to dust-related PM
10 emissions, heavy trucks and construction equipment powered by gasoline and diesel engines would generate CO, sulfur oxides (SOX), NOX, VOCs, and some soot particulate (PM2.5 and PM10) in exhaust emissions. If construction activities were to increase traffic congestion in the area, CO and other emissions from traffic would increase slightly while those vehicles idle in traffic. These emissions would be temporary in nature and limited to the immediate area surrounding the construction site.

Construction emissions were estimated for the project using CalEEMod and are summarized in Table D. CalEEMod output sheets are provided in Attachment B.

Table D: Project Construction Emissions
Project Construction Maximum Pollutant Emissions (lbs/day) VOCs NOx CO SOx PM10 PM2.5
Maximum (lbs/day) 17.1 18.9 14.8 <0.1 3.4 1.9
SCAQMD Thresholds 75.0 100.0 550.0 150.0 150.0 55.0
Exceeds Thresholds? No No No No No No
Source: Compiled by LSA (March 2024).

CO = carbon monoxide
lbs/day = pounds per day
NOX = nitrogen oxides
PM2.5 = particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in size PM10 = particulate matter less than 10 microns in size
SCAQMD = South Coast Air Quality Management District
SOX = sulfur oxides
VOCs = volatile organic compounds

As shown in Table D, construction emissions associated with the project would not exceed the daily SCAQMD thresholds for VOCs, NO
X, CO, SOX, PM2.5, or PM10 emissions. Therefore, construction of the proposed project would not result in emissions that would result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project is in nonattainment under an applicable NAAQS or CAAQS.

4/2/24 (P:\CWP2205\Product\AQ\Mister Car Wash Menifee AQ Memo.docx) 13 Operational Air Quality Impacts
Long-term air pollutant emission impacts are those associated with mobile sources (e.g., vehicle and truck trips), area sources (e.g., architectural coatings, the use of landscape maintenance equipment, and the use of consumer products), and energy sources (e.g., natural gas) related to the proposed project.

PM10 emissions result from running exhaust, tire and brake wear, and the entrainment of dust into the atmosphere from vehicles traveling on paved roadways. Entrainment of PM10 occurs when vehicle tires pulverize small rocks and pavement and the vehicle wakes generate airborne dust. The contribution of tire and brake wear is small compared to the other particulate matter emission processes. Gasoline-powered engines have small rates of particulate matter emissions compared with diesel-powered vehicles.

Energy source emissions result from activities in buildings for which natural gas is used. The quantity of emissions is the product of usage intensity (i.e., the amount of natural gas) and the emission factor of the fuel source.

Area-source emissions consist of direct sources of air emissions at the project site, including architectural coatings, consumer products, and use of landscape maintenance equipment.

Long-term operational emissions associated with the proposed project were calculated using CalEEMod. Table E provides the proposed project’s estimated operational emissions. CalEEMod output sheets are provided in Attachment B.

Table E: Project Operational Emissions
Emission Type Pollutant Emissions (lbs/day)
VOCs NOX CO SOX PM10 PM2.5
Mobile Sources 2.8 2.0 18.0 <0.1 3.4 0.9
Area Sources 0.7 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Energy Sources <0.1 0.1 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Total Project Emissions 3.5 2.2 18.9 <0.1 3.4 0.9
SCAQMD Threshold 55.0 55.0 550.0 150.0 150.0 55.0
Exceeds Threshold? No No No No No No
Source: Compiled by LSA (March 2024).

Note: Some values may not appear to add correctly due to rounding.

CO = carbon monoxide
lbs/day = pounds per day
NOX = nitrogen oxides
PM2.5 = particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in size PM10 = particulate matter less than 10 microns in size
SCAQMD = South Coast Air Quality Management District
SOX = sulfur oxides
VOCs = volatile organic compounds

The results shown in Table E indicate the proposed project would not exceed the significance criteria for daily VOCs, NOX, CO, SOX, PM10, or PM2.5 emissions. Therefore, operation of the proposed project would not result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is in nonattainment under an applicable NAAQS or CAAQS.

4/2/24 (P:\CWP2205\Product\AQ\Mister Car Wash Menifee AQ Memo.docx) 14 Long-Term Microscale (CO Hot Spot) Analysis
Vehicular trips associated with the proposed project would contribute to congestion at intersections and along roadway segments in the vicinity of the proposed project site. Localized air quality impacts would occur when emissions from vehicular traffic increase as a result of the proposed project. The primary mobile-source pollutant of local concern is CO, a direct function of vehicle idling time and, thus, of traffic flow conditions. CO transport is extremely limited; under normal meteorological conditions, it disperses rapidly with distance from the source. However, under certain extreme meteorological conditions, CO concentrations near a congested roadway or intersection may reach unhealthful levels, affecting local sensitive receptors (e.g., residents, schoolchildren, the elderly, and hospital patients).

Typically, high CO concentrations are associated with roadways or intersections operating at unacceptable levels of service (LOS) or with extremely high traffic volumes. In areas with high ambient background CO concentrations, modeling is recommended to determine a project’s effect on local CO levels.

The proposed project did not meet the criteria for an evaluation of study area intersection or roadway segment LOS. Therefore, given the extremely low level of CO concentrations in the project area and the lack of traffic impacts at any intersections, project-related vehicles are not expected to result in CO concentrations exceeding the State or federal CO standards. No CO hot spots would occur, and the project would not result in any project-related impacts on CO concentrations.

Health Risk on Nearby Sensitive Receptors
Sensitive receptors are defined as people that have an increased sensitivity to air pollution or environmental contaminants. Sensitive receptor locations include schools, parks and playgrounds, day care centers, nursing homes, hospitals, and residential dwelling units. As identified above, the closest existing sensitive receptors to the project site include residential uses 75 feet south of the project site across Rockport Road and 110 feet east of the project site across Laguna Vista Drive.

The SCAQMD recommends the evaluation of localized air quality impacts to sensitive receptors such as residential land uses in the immediate vicinity of a project site as a result of construction activities. The thresholds are based on standards established by the SCAQMD in its LST methodology and are measured against emissions that occur on a specific project site. Project construction and operation emissions were compared to the LST screening tables in SRA 24 based on a 25-meter source-receptor distance. Tables F and G show the results of the LST analysis during project construction and operation, respectively.

By design, the localized impact analysis only includes on-site sources; however, the CalEEMod outputs do not separate on-site and off-site emissions for mobile sources. For a worst-case scenario assessment, the emissions detailed in Table G assume all area- and energy-source emissions would occur on site, and 5 percent of the project-related new mobile sources (which is an estimate of the amount of project-related on-site vehicle and truck travel) would occur on site. Considering the total trip length included in CalEEMod, the 5 percent assumption is conservative. Table G indicates the localized operational emissions would not exceed the LSTs at nearby residences. Therefore, the proposed operational activity would not result in a locally significant air quality impact.

4/2/24 (P:\CWP2205\Product\AQ\Mister Car Wash Menifee AQ Memo.docx) 15 Table F: Project Localized Construction Emissions
Source Pollutant Emissions (lbs/day)
NOX CO PM10 PM2.5
On-Site Emissions 18.8 14.2 3.3 1.8
Localized Significance Threshold 144.0 743.0 5.5 3.5
Significant? No No No No
Source: Compiled by LSA (March 2024).

Note: Source Receptor Area 24, based on a 1.5-acre construction disturbance daily area, at a distance of 25 meters (82 feet) from the project boundary.

CO = carbon monoxide
lbs/day = pounds per day
NOX = nitrogen oxides
PM2.5 = particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in size PM10 = particulate matter less than 10 microns in size

Table G: Project Localized Operational Emissions
Source Pollutant Emissions (lbs/day)
NOx CO PM10 PM2.5
On-Site Emissions 0.2 1.8 0.2 <0.1
Localized Significance Thresholds 144.0 743.0 1.5 1.0
Significant? No No No No
Source: Compiled by LSA (March 2024).

Note: Source Receptor Area 24, based on a 1.5-acre operational disturbance daily area, at a distance of 25 meters (82 feet) from the project boundary.

CO = carbon monoxide
lbs/day = pounds per day
NOX = nitrogen oxides
PM2.5 = particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in size PM10 = particulate matter less than 10 microns in size

As detailed in Tables F and G, the emissions levels indicate that the project would not exceed SCAQMD LSTs during project construction or operation. The project’s peak operational on-site NOx emissions are 0.2 pound per day. Due to the small size of the proposed project in relation to the overall Basin, the level of emissions is not sufficiently high to use a regional modeling program to correlate health effects on a Basin-wide level. On a regional scale, the quantity of emissions from the project is incrementally minor. Because the SCAQMD has not identified any other methods to quantify health impacts from small projects and due to the size of the project, it is speculative to assign any specific health effects to small project-related emissions. However, based on this localized analysis, the proposed project would not expose existing sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations.

In addition, the proposed day care use would be considered a sensitive receptor. The proposed day care would be located approximately 75 feet from the proposed car wash. Vehicle queuing associated with the car wash has the potential to result in localized impacts at the day care.

However, it is expected that vehicles would have short dwell times and would not be expected to idle for a considerable duration. As such, based on the short duration of idling expected to occur, the proposed car wash would not be expected to result in localized concentrations that would expose the day care to substantial pollutant concentrations. In addition, because the proposed day care is the closest sensitive receptor, localized concentrations of pollutants impacting other uses such as residential uses would also not be expected to result in significant impacts to those uses.

4/2/24 (P:\CWP2205\Product\AQ\Mister Car Wash Menifee AQ Memo.docx) 16 Therefore, the project would not expose sensitive receptors to substantial levels of pollutant concentrations.

Odors
Heavy-duty equipment on the project site during construction would emit odors, primarily from equipment exhaust. However, the construction activity would cease after individual construction is completed. No other sources of objectionable odors have been identified for the proposed project.

SCAQMD Rule 402 regarding nuisances states: “A person shall not discharge from any source whatsoever such quantities of air contaminants or other material which cause injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to any considerable number of persons or to the public, or which endanger the comfort, repose, health or safety of any such persons or the public, or which cause, or have a natural tendency to cause, injury or damage to business or property.” The proposed uses are not anticipated to emit any objectionable odors. Therefore, the proposed project would not result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people.

CONCLUSION
Based on the analysis presented above, construction and operation of the proposed project would not result in the generation of criteria air pollutants that would exceed SCAQMD thresholds of significance. Compliance with SCAQMD Rule 403: Fugitive Dust would further reduce construction dust impacts. In addition, the proposed project is not expected to produce significant emissions that would affect nearby sensitive receptors. The project would also be consistent with the 2022 AQMP and would also not result in objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people.

Attachments: A: Figures 1 and 2
B: CalEEMod Output Sheets

A IR Q UALITY A NALYSIS
A PRIL 2024

S HOPPES AT THE L AKES - M ISTER C AR W ASH AND D AY C ARE P ROJECT

M ENIFEE , C ALIFORNIA

P:\CWP2205\Product\AQ\Mister Car Wash Menifee AQ Memo.docx (04/02/24)

ATTACHMENT A

FIGURES
Figure 1: Project Location
Figure 2: Site Plan

SOURCE: Google Maps (2021)
J:\CWP2205\GIS\MXD\Project_Location.mxd (3/29/2024)
FIGURE 1

SHOPPES AT THE LAKES - MISTER CAR WASH AND DAY CARE PROJECT Regional Project Location
LEGEND
Project Location
Riverside
County
ÃÃ79
ÃÃ74
Project Location
§¨¦15 §¨¦215
Orange
County
San Diego
County
Riverside County
Riverside
County
Project Vicinity
0 1000 2000
FEET
FIGURE 2
SOURCE: Kimley Horn

NOT TO SCALE
I:\CWP2205\G\Site_Plan.ai (3/29/2024)
Site Plan

SHOPPES AT THE LAKES - MISTER CAR WASH AND DAY CARE PROJECT 1 1
4 YD
4 YD
CA 1026 NEWPORT MISTER CAR WASH

CITY OF MENIFEE

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
MAJOR PLOT PLAN PLN22-0289
3801 UNIVERSITY AVE., SUITE 300
RIVERSIDE, CA 92501

NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SITE PLAN

A IR Q UALITY A NALYSIS
A PRIL 2024

S HOPPES AT THE L AKES - M ISTER C AR W ASH AND D AY C ARE P ROJECT

M ENIFEE , C ALIFORNIA

P:\CWP2205\Product\AQ\Mister Car Wash Menifee AQ Memo.docx (04/02/24)

ATTACHMENT B

CALEEMOD OUTPUT SHEETS
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 1 / 41
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report
Table of Contents

1. Basic Project Information

1.1. Basic Project Information

1.2. Land Use Types

1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector

2. Emissions Summary

2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds

2.2. Construction Emissions by Y ear, Unmitigated

2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds

2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated

3. Construction Emissions Details

3.1. Site Preparation (2025) - Unmitigated

3.3. Grading (2025) - Unmitigated

3.5. Building Construction (2025) - Unmitigated
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 2 / 41

3.7. Paving (2025) - Unmitigated

3.9. Architectural Coating (2025) - Unmitigated

4. Operations Emissions Details

4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use

4.1.1. Unmitigated

4.2. Energy

4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated

4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated

4.3. Area Emissions by Source

4.3.1. Unmitigated

4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use

4.4.1. Unmitigated

4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use

4.5.1. Unmitigated

4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use

4.6.1. Unmitigated

4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 3 / 41

4.7.1. Unmitigated

4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type

4.8.1. Unmitigated

4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type

4.9.1. Unmitigated

4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type

4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated

4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated

4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated

5. Activity Data

5.1. Construction Schedule

5.2. Off-Road Equipment

5.2.1. Unmitigated

5.3. Construction Vehicles

5.3.1. Unmitigated

5.4. Vehicles

5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 4 / 41

5.5. Architectural Coatings

5.6. Dust Mitigation

5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities

5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies

5.7. Construction Paving

5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors

5.9. Operational Mobile Sources

5.9.1. Unmitigated

5.10. Operational Area Sources

5.10.1. Hearths

5.10.1.1. Unmitigated

5.10.2. Architectural Coatings

5.10.3. Landscape Equipment

5.11. Operational Energy Consumption

5.11.1. Unmitigated

5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption

5.12.1. Unmitigated
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 5 / 41

5.13. Operational Waste Generation

5.13.1. Unmitigated

5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment

5.14.1. Unmitigated

5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment

5.15.1. Unmitigated

5.16. Stationary Sources

5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps

5.16.2. Process Boilers

5.17. User Defined

5.18. Vegetation

5.18.1. Land Use Change

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated

5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated

5.18.2. Sequestration

5.18.2.1. Unmitigated
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 6 / 41

8. User Changes to Default Data
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 7 / 41

1. Basic Project Information

1.1. Basic Project Information
Data Field Value
Project Name Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Construction Start Date 1/6/2025
Operational Y ear 2025
Lead Agency —
Land Use Scale Project/site
Analysis Level for Defaults County
Windspeed (m/s) 2.50
Precipitation (days) 14.0
Location 33.68342290260388, -117.14999974776893
County Riverside-South Coast
City Menifee
Air District South Coast AQMD
Air Basin South Coast
TAZ 5508
EDFZ 11
Electric Utility Southern California Edison
Gas Utility Southern California Gas
App Version 2022.1.1.22

1.2. Land Use Types
Land Use Subtype Size Unit Lot Acreage Building Area (sq ft) Landscape Area (sq ft)
Special Landscape
Area
(sq ft)
Population Description
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 8 / 41
Automobile Care
Center

5.43 1000sqft 0.20 5,434 8,715 — — —
Day-Care Center 12.0 1000sqft 0.29 11,992 12,675 — — —
City Park 0.49 Acre 0.49 0.00 213,445 213,445 — —
Parking Lot 64.0 Space 0.75 0.00 32,670 — — —

1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector No measures selected

2. Emissions Summary

2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Un/Mit. ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 17.1 13.5 11.0 0.02 0.55 0.16 0.67 0.51 0.04 0.54 — 1,984 1,984 0.08 0.03 1,996 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 0.60 18.9 14.8 0.02 0.55 2.89 3.45 0.51 1.37 1.87 — 2,584 2,584 0.11 0.03 2,594 Average
Daily
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 0.70 6.18 5.00 0.01 0.25 0.16 0.41 0.23 0.07 0.29 — 895 895 0.04 0.01 900 Annual
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 0.13 1.13 0.91 < 0.005 0.04 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.01 0.05 — 148 148 0.01 < 0.005 149 Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 9 / 41

2.2. Construction Emissions by Y ear, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Y ear ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Daily -
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2025 17.1 13.5 11.0 0.02 0.55 0.16 0.67 0.51 0.04 0.54 — 1,984 1,984 0.08 0.03 1,996 Daily -
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2025 0.60 18.9 14.8 0.02 0.55 2.89 3.45 0.51 1.37 1.87 — 2,584 2,584 0.11 0.03 2,594 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2025 0.70 6.18 5.00 0.01 0.25 0.16 0.41 0.23 0.07 0.29 — 895 895 0.04 0.01 900 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2025 0.13 1.13 0.91 < 0.005 0.04 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.01 0.05 — 148 148 0.01 < 0.005 149

2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Un/Mit. ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 3.46 2.18 18.9 0.04 0.04 3.41 3.45 0.04 0.87 0.91 21.6 4,617 4,639 2.40 0.21 5,903 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 3.13 2.32 15.7 0.04 0.04 3.41 3.45 0.04 0.87 0.91 21.6 4,366 4,388 2.41 0.21 5,638 Average
Daily
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 10 / 41
Unmit. 2.62 1.80 12.7 0.03 0.03 2.47 2.50 0.03 0.63 0.66 21.6 3,355 3,377 2.36 0.16 4,616 Annual
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 0.48 0.33 2.32 0.01 0.01 0.45 0.46 0.01 0.11 0.12 3.57 556 559 0.39 0.03 764

2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Sector ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 2.79 2.03 18.0 0.04 0.03 3.41 3.44 0.03 0.87 0.89 — 4,141 4,141 0.20 0.20 4,221 Area 0.67 0.01 0.76 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 3.12 3.12 < 0.005 < 0.005 3.13 Energy 0.01 0.14 0.12 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 398 398 0.03 < 0.005 399 Water — — — — — — — — — — 1.97 75.0 76.9 0.21 0.01 83.7 Waste — — — — — — — — — — 19.6 0.00 19.6 1.96 0.00 68.6 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,127
Total 3.46 2.18 18.9 0.04 0.04 3.41 3.45 0.04 0.87 0.91 21.6 4,617 4,639 2.40 0.21 5,903 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 2.58 2.18 15.6 0.04 0.03 3.41 3.44 0.03 0.87 0.89 — 3,893 3,893 0.21 0.21 3,960 Area 0.54 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Energy 0.01 0.14 0.12 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 398 398 0.03 < 0.005 399 Water — — — — — — — — — — 1.97 75.0 76.9 0.21 0.01 83.7 Waste — — — — — — — — — — 19.6 0.00 19.6 1.96 0.00 68.6 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,127
Total 3.13 2.32 15.7 0.04 0.04 3.41 3.45 0.04 0.87 0.91 21.6 4,366 4,388 2.41 0.21 5,638 Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 11 / 41
————————————————Average
Daily
Mobile 1.98 1.65 12.1 0.03 0.02 2.47 2.49 0.02 0.63 0.65 — 2,880 2,880 0.16 0.15 2,935 Area 0.63 < 0.005 0.52 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 2.13 2.13 < 0.005 < 0.005 2.14 Energy 0.01 0.14 0.12 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 398 398 0.03 < 0.005 399 Water — — — — — — — — — — 1.97 75.0 76.9 0.21 0.01 83.7 Waste — — — — — — — — — — 19.6 0.00 19.6 1.96 0.00 68.6 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,127
Total 2.62 1.80 12.7 0.03 0.03 2.47 2.50 0.03 0.63 0.66 21.6 3,355 3,377 2.36 0.16 4,616 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 0.36 0.30 2.20 0.01 < 0.005 0.45 0.45 < 0.005 0.11 0.12 — 477 477 0.03 0.03 486 Area 0.11 < 0.005 0.09 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.35 0.35 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.35 Energy < 0.005 0.03 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 65.9 65.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 66.1 Water — — — — — — — — — — 0.33 12.4 12.7 0.03 < 0.005 13.9 Waste — — — — — — — — — — 3.25 0.00 3.25 0.32 0.00 11.4 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 187
Total 0.48 0.33 2.32 0.01 0.01 0.45 0.46 0.01 0.11 0.12 3.57 556 559 0.39 0.03 764

3. Construction Emissions Details

3.1. Site Preparation (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 12 / 41
————————————————Daily,
Winter
(Max)
Off-Road
Equipment

0.46 15.6 11.9 0.02 0.45 — 0.45 0.41 — 0.41 — 2,065 2,065 0.08 0.02 2,072 Dust From
Mater
ial
Movement
— — — — — 2.44 2.44 — 1.17 1.17 — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.01 0.21 0.16 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 28.3 28.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 28.4 Dust From
Mater
ial
Movement
— — — — — 0.03 0.03 — 0.02 0.02 — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment
< 0.005 0.04 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 4.68 4.68 < 0.005 < 0.005 4.70 Dust From
Mater
ial
Movement
— — — — — 0.01 0.01 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.03 0.04 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.02 0.02 — 97.2 97.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 98.4 Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 13 / 41
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.35 1.35 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.37 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.22 0.22 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.23 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.3. Grading (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.56 18.8 14.2 0.02 0.55 — 0.55 0.51 — 0.51 — 2,455 2,455 0.10 0.02 2,463 Dust From
Mater
ial
Movement
— — — — — 2.76 2.76 — 1.34 1.34 — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 14 / 41
Off-Road
Equipment

0.02 0.52 0.39 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.01 — 0.01 — 67.3 67.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 67.5 Dust From
Mater
ial
Movement
— — — — — 0.08 0.08 — 0.04 0.04 — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment
< 0.005 0.09 0.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 11.1 11.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 11.2 Dust From
Mater
ial
Movement
— — — — — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.04 0.05 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.03 0.03 — 130 130 0.01 < 0.005 131 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 3.59 3.59 < 0.005 < 0.005 3.65 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.60 0.60 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.60 Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 15 / 41
Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.5. Building Construction (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.47 13.4 10.5 0.02 0.55 — 0.55 0.51 — 0.51 — 1,801 1,801 0.07 0.01 1,807 Onsite
tr
uck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.47 13.4 10.5 0.02 0.55 — 0.55 0.51 — 0.51 — 1,801 1,801 0.07 0.01 1,807 Onsite
tr
uck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.18 5.14 4.02 0.01 0.21 — 0.21 0.20 — 0.20 — 691 691 0.03 0.01 693 Onsite
tr
uck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.03 0.94 0.73 < 0.005 0.04 — 0.04 0.04 — 0.04 — 114 114 < 0.005 < 0.005 115 Onsite
tr
uck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 16 / 41
Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.03 0.03 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.02 0.02 — 95.5 95.5 < 0.005 < 0.005 96.9 Vendor < 0.005 0.10 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 87.4 87.4 < 0.005 0.01 91.6 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.03 0.03 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.09 0.00 0.02 0.02 — 87.8 87.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 88.9 Vendor < 0.005 0.10 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 87.4 87.4 < 0.005 0.01 91.5 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 — 34.1 34.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 34.6 Vendor < 0.005 0.04 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 33.5 33.5 < 0.005 0.01 35.1 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.65 5.65 < 0.005 < 0.005 5.73 Vendor < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.55 5.55 < 0.005 < 0.005 5.81 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.7. Paving (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 17 / 41
Off-Road
Equipment

0.31 8.40 6.65 0.01 0.36 — 0.36 0.34 — 0.34 — 992 992 0.04 0.01 995 Paving 0.20 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.01 0.23 0.18 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 27.2 27.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 27.3 Paving 0.01 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment
< 0.005 0.04 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 4.50 4.50 < 0.005 < 0.005 4.51 Paving < 0.005 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.06 0.05 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.16 0.00 0.04 0.04 — 176 176 0.01 0.01 179 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 18 / 41
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 4.49 4.49 < 0.005 < 0.005 4.56 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.74 0.74 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.75 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.9. Architectural Coating (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment

0.05 1.09 0.96 < 0.005 0.07 — 0.07 0.06 — 0.06 — 134 134 0.01 < 0.005 134 Architectu
r
al
Coatings

17.1 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment
< 0.005 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 3.66 3.66 < 0.005 < 0.005 3.67 Architectu
r
al
Coatings

0.47 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 19 / 41
Onsite
tr
uck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Road
Equipment
< 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.61 0.61 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.61 Architectu
r
al
Coatings

0.09 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 19.1 19.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 19.4 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.49 0.49 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.49 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.08 0.08 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.08 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 20 / 41

4. Operations Emissions Details

4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use

4.1.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Automobil
e
Care
Center

0.56 0.53 4.86 0.01 0.01 1.00 1.01 0.01 0.25 0.26 — 1,203 1,203 0.05 0.05 1,225 Day-Care
Center

2.23 1.50 13.2 0.03 0.02 2.41 2.43 0.02 0.61 0.63 — 2,938 2,938 0.15 0.15 2,997 City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 2.79 2.03 18.0 0.04 0.03 3.41 3.44 0.03 0.87 0.89 — 4,141 4,141 0.20 0.20 4,221 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Automobil
e
Care
Center

0.52 0.57 4.08 0.01 0.01 1.00 1.01 0.01 0.25 0.26 — 1,130 1,130 0.05 0.05 1,147 Day-Care
Center

2.06 1.61 11.5 0.03 0.02 2.41 2.43 0.02 0.61 0.63 — 2,763 2,763 0.16 0.15 2,813 City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 21 / 41
Total 2.58 2.18 15.6 0.04 0.03 3.41 3.44 0.03 0.87 0.89 — 3,893 3,893 0.21 0.21 3,960 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Automobil
e
Care
Center

0.08 0.07 0.52 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.11 0.11 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 — 117 117 0.01 0.01 119 Day-Care
Center

0.28 0.23 1.68 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.34 0.34 < 0.005 0.09 0.09 — 360 360 0.02 0.02 367 City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 0.36 0.30 2.20 0.01 < 0.005 0.45 0.45 < 0.005 0.11 0.12 — 477 477 0.03 0.03 486

4.2. Energy

4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Automobil
e
Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — 75.8 75.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 76.1
Day-Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — 114 114 0.01 < 0.005 114
City Park — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 41.7 41.7 < 0.005 < 0.005 41.9
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 231 231 0.01 < 0.005 232
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 22 / 41
————————————————Daily,
Winter
(Max)
Automobil
e
Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — 75.8 75.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 76.1
Day-Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — 114 114 0.01 < 0.005 114
City Park — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 41.7 41.7 < 0.005 < 0.005 41.9
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 231 231 0.01 < 0.005 232
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Automobil
e
Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — 12.5 12.5 < 0.005 < 0.005 12.6
Day-Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — 18.8 18.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 18.9
City Park — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 6.91 6.91 < 0.005 < 0.005 6.93
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 38.3 38.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 38.4

4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 23 / 41

75.0< 0.0050.0174.874.8—< 0.005—< 0.005< 0.005—< 0.005< 0.0050.050.06< 0.005Automobil e
Care
Center
Day-Care
Center
< 0.005 0.08 0.06 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 92.0 92.0 0.01 < 0.005 92.3 City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 0.01 0.14 0.12 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 167 167 0.01 < 0.005 167 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Automobil
e
Care
Center
< 0.005 0.06 0.05 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 74.8 74.8 0.01 < 0.005 75.0 Day-Care
Center
< 0.005 0.08 0.06 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 92.0 92.0 0.01 < 0.005 92.3 City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 0.01 0.14 0.12 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 167 167 0.01 < 0.005 167 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Automobil
e
Care
Center
< 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 12.4 12.4 < 0.005 < 0.005 12.4 Day-Care
Center
< 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 15.2 15.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 15.3 City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total < 0.005 0.03 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 27.6 27.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 27.7 Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 24 / 41

4.3. Area Emissions by Source

4.3.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Source ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Consumer
Products

0.50 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Architectu
r
al
Coatings

0.05 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Landscap
e
Equipmen
t

0.12 0.01 0.76 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 3.12 3.12 < 0.005 < 0.005 3.13 Total 0.67 0.01 0.76 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 3.12 3.12 < 0.005 < 0.005 3.13 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Consumer
Products

0.50 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Architectu
r
al
Coatings

0.05 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total 0.54 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Consumer
Products

0.09 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Architectu
r
al
Coatings

0.01 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 25 / 41
Landscap
Equipment

0.02 < 0.005 0.09 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.35 0.35 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.35 Total 0.11 < 0.005 0.09 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.35 0.35 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.35

4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use

4.4.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Automobil
e
Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — 0.98 6.14 7.12 0.10 < 0.005 10.4
Day-Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — 0.99 6.66 7.64 0.10 < 0.005 10.9
City Park — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 58.2 58.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 58.4 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — 0.00 4.01 4.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 4.02 Total — — — — — — — — — — 1.97 75.0 76.9 0.21 0.01 83.7 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Automobil
e
Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — 0.98 6.14 7.12 0.10 < 0.005 10.4
Day-Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — 0.99 6.66 7.64 0.10 < 0.005 10.9
City Park — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 58.2 58.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 58.4 Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 26 / 41

4.02< 0.005< 0.0054.014.010.00——————————Parking
Lot
Total — — — — — — — — — — 1.97 75.0 76.9 0.21 0.01 83.7 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Automobil
e
Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — 0.16 1.02 1.18 0.02 < 0.005 1.72
Day-Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — 0.16 1.10 1.27 0.02 < 0.005 1.81
City Park — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 9.63 9.63 < 0.005 < 0.005 9.67 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.66 0.66 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.67 Total — — — — — — — — — — 0.33 12.4 12.7 0.03 < 0.005 13.9

4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use

4.5.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Automobil
e
Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — 11.2 0.00 11.2 1.12 0.00 39.1
Day-Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — 8.40 0.00 8.40 0.84 0.00 29.4
City Park — — — — — — — — — — 0.02 0.00 0.02 < 0.005 0.00 0.08 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 27 / 41
Total — — — — — — — — — — 19.6 0.00 19.6 1.96 0.00 68.6 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Automobil
e
Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — 11.2 0.00 11.2 1.12 0.00 39.1
Day-Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — 8.40 0.00 8.40 0.84 0.00 29.4
City Park — — — — — — — — — — 0.02 0.00 0.02 < 0.005 0.00 0.08 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — 19.6 0.00 19.6 1.96 0.00 68.6 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Automobil
e
Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — 1.85 0.00 1.85 0.19 0.00 6.48
Day-Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — 1.39 0.00 1.39 0.14 0.00 4.87
City Park — — — — — — — — — — < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.01 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — 3.25 0.00 3.25 0.32 0.00 11.4

4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use

4.6.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 28 / 41
————————————————Daily,
Summer
(Max)
Automobil
e
Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,127
Day-Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.05
City Park — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,127
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Automobil
e
Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,127
Day-Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.05
City Park — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,127
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Automobil
e
Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 187
Day-Care
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.01
City Park — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 187

4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 29 / 41

4.7.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipmen
t
T
ype
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type

4.8.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipmen
t
T
ype
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
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Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type

4.9.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipmen
t
T
ype
ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type

4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Vegetation ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
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Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land Use ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Species ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
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————————————————Sequester
ed
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Removed — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Sequester
ed
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Removed — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Sequester
ed
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Removed — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

5. Activity Data
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5.1. Construction Schedule
Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Days Per Week Work Days per Phase Phase Description Site Preparation Site Preparation 1/6/2025 1/10/2025 5.00 5.00 — Grading Grading 1/13/2025 1/24/2025 5.00 10.0 —
Building Construction Building Construction 1/27/2025 8/8/2025 5.00 140 — Paving Paving 8/11/2025 8/22/2025 5.00 10.0 —
Architectural Coating Architectural Coating 8/25/2025 9/5/2025 5.00 10.0 —

5.2. Off-Road Equipment

5.2.1. Unmitigated
Phase Name Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor Site Preparation Graders Diesel Tier 2 1.00 8.00 148 0.41 Site Preparation Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Tier 2 1.00 7.00 367 0.40 Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Tier 2 1.00 8.00 84.0 0.37
Grading Graders Diesel Tier 2 1.00 8.00 148 0.41
Grading Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Tier 2 1.00 8.00 367 0.40 Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Tier 2 2.00 7.00 84.0 0.37
Building Construction Cranes Diesel Tier 2 1.00 6.00 367 0.29 Building Construction Forklifts Diesel Tier 2 1.00 6.00 82.0 0.20 Building Construction Generator Sets Diesel Tier 2 1.00 8.00 14.0 0.74 Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Tier 2 1.00 6.00 84.0 0.37
Building Construction Welders Diesel Tier 2 3.00 8.00 46.0 0.45 Paving Cement and Mortar
Mix
ers
Diesel Tier 2 1.00 6.00 10.0 0.56
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Paving Pavers Diesel Tier 2 1.00 6.00 81.0 0.42
Paving Paving Equipment Diesel Tier 2 1.00 8.00 89.0 0.36 Paving Rollers Diesel Tier 2 1.00 7.00 36.0 0.38
Paving Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Tier 2 1.00 8.00 84.0 0.37
Architectural Coating Air Compressors Diesel Tier 2 1.00 6.00 37.0 0.48

5.3. Construction Vehicles

5.3.1. Unmitigated
Phase Name Trip Type One-Way Trips per Day Miles per Trip Vehicle Mix Site Preparation — — — —
Site Preparation Worker 7.50 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Site Preparation Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Site Preparation Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Site Preparation Onsite truck — — HHDT
Grading — — — —
Grading Worker 10.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Grading Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Grading Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Grading Onsite truck — — HHDT
Building Construction — — — —
Building Construction Worker 6.78 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Building Construction Vendor 2.86 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Building Construction Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Building Construction Onsite truck — — HHDT
Paving — — — —
Paving Worker 12.5 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
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Paving Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Paving Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Paving Onsite truck — — HHDT
Architectural Coating — — — —
Architectural Coating Worker 1.36 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Architectural Coating Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Architectural Coating Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Architectural Coating Onsite truck — — HHDT

5.4. Vehicles

5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies
Control Strategies Applied PM10 Reduction PM2.5 Reduction Water unpaved roads twice daily 55% 55%
Limit vehicle speeds on unpaved roads to 25 mph 44% 44% Sweep paved roads once per month 9% 9%

5.5. Architectural Coatings
Phase Name Residential Interior Area Coated
(sq
ft)
Residential Exterior Area Coated
(sq
ft)
Non-Residential Interior Area
Coated
(sq ft)
Non-Residential Exterior Area
Coated
(sq ft)
Parking Area Coated (sq ft)
Architectural Coating 0.00 0.00 26,139 8,713 1,960

5.6. Dust Mitigation

5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities
Phase Name Material Imported (cy) Material Exported (cy) Acres Graded (acres) Material Demolished (sq. ft.) Acres Paved (acres) Site Preparation — — 4.69 0.00 —
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Grading — — 10.0 0.00 —
Paving 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.75

5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies
Control Strategies Applied Frequency (per day) PM10 Reduction PM2.5 Reduction Water Exposed Area 2 61% 61%
Water Demolished Area 2 36% 36%

5.7. Construction Paving
Land Use Area Paved (acres) % Asphalt
Automobile Care Center 0.00 0%
Day-Care Center 0.00 0%
City Park 0.00 0%
Parking Lot 0.75 100%

5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors kWh per Y ear and Emission Factor (lb/MWh)
Y ear kWh per Y ear CO2 CH4 N2O
2025 0.00 532 0.03 < 0.005

5.9. Operational Mobile Sources

5.9.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Type Trips/Weekday Trips/Saturday Trips/Sunday Trips/Y ear VMT/Weekday VMT/Saturday VMT/Sunday VMT/Y ear Automobile Care
Center
129 129 64.6 43,692 787 1,414 708 315,871
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Day-Care Center 571 74.6 70.0 156,424 3,396 818 768 968,128 City Park 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Parking Lot 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

5.10. Operational Area Sources

5.10.1. Hearths

5.10.1.1. Unmitigated

5.10.2. Architectural Coatings
Residential Interior Area Coated (sq ft) Residential Exterior Area Coated (sq ft) Non-Residential Interior Area Coated (sq
ft)
Non-Residential Exterior Area Coated
(sq
ft)
Parking Area Coated (sq ft)
0 0.00 26,139 8,713 1,960

5.10.3. Landscape Equipment
Season Unit Value
Snow Days day/yr 0.00
Summer Days day/yr 250

5.11. Operational Energy Consumption

5.11.1. Unmitigated
Electricity (kWh/yr) and CO2 and CH4 and N2O and Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Land Use Electricity (kWh/yr) CO2 CH4 N2O Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Automobile Care Center 51,998 532 0.0330 0.0040 233,392 Day-Care Center 78,045 532 0.0330 0.0040 287,094
City Park 0.00 532 0.0330 0.0040 0.00
Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 38 / 41
Parking Lot 28,619 532 0.0330 0.0040 0.00

5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption

5.12.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Indoor Water (gal/year) Outdoor Water (gal/year) Automobile Care Center 511,237 138,183
Day-Care Center 514,332 200,971
City Park 0.00 7,520,716
Parking Lot 0.00 518,006

5.13. Operational Waste Generation

5.13.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Waste (ton/year) Cogeneration (kWh/year)
Automobile Care Center 20.8 —
Day-Care Center 15.6 —
City Park 0.04 —
Parking Lot 0.00 —

5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment

5.14.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Type Equipment Type Refrigerant GWP Quantity (kg) Operations Leak Rate Service Leak Rate Times Serviced Automobile Care Center Other commercial A/C
and
heat pumps
R-410A 2,088 < 0.005 4.00 4.00 18.0
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18.016.516.526.53,922R-404AAutomobile Care Center Supermarket refr
igeration and
condensing units
Day-Care Center Household refrigerators
and/or
freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.02 0.60 0.00 1.00
Day-Care Center Other commercial A/C
and
heat pumps
R-410A 2,088 < 0.005 4.00 4.00 18.0
Day-Care Center Stand-alone retail
refr
igerators and
freezers
R-134a 1,430 < 0.005 1.00 0.00 1.00
Day-Care Center Walk-in refrigerators
and
freezers
R-404A 3,922 < 0.005 7.50 7.50 20.0
City Park Other commercial A/C
and
heat pumps
R-410A 2,088 < 0.005 4.00 4.00 18.0
City Park Stand-alone retail
refr
igerators and
freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.04 1.00 0.00 1.00

5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment

5.15.1. Unmitigated
Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor

5.16. Stationary Sources

5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps
Equipment Type Fuel Type Number per Day Hours per Day Hours per Y ear Horsepower Load Factor

5.16.2. Process Boilers
Equipment Type Fuel Type Number Boiler Rating (MMBtu/hr) Daily Heat Input (MMBtu/day) Annual Heat Input (MMBtu/yr) Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 40 / 41

5.17. User Defined
Equipment Type Fuel Type

5.18. Vegetation

5.18.1. Land Use Change

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Vegetation Land Use Type Vegetation Soil Type Initial Acres Final Acres

5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Biomass Cover Type Initial Acres Final Acres

5.18.2. Sequestration

5.18.2.1. Unmitigated
Tree Type Number Electricity Saved (kWh/year) Natural Gas Saved (btu/year)

8. User Changes to Default Data
Screen Justification
Land Use The proposed project would include a construct a 5,434-square-foot express car wash, an 11,992-square-f
oot day care with a 21,300-square-foot play area, and and a total of 64 parking spaces (including 12 vacuum stalls). This analysis assumes approximately 10% of the project site would be landscaped.

Construction: Construction Phases Project construction is expected to begin early 2025 and would occur for approximately 8 months.

Shoppes at the Lakes - Mister Car Wash and Day Care Project Custom Report, 3/28/2024 41 / 41
Construction: Off-Road Equipment Assuming the use of Tier 2 construction equipment.

Operations: Vehicle Data Assuming default trip rates, except no new trips associated with the play area as that use would be par
t of the Day Care Center.