Menlo Park City Council
November 1, 2022

reducing state or federal financial exposure with regard to the structure or other development.

52. "Riverine" means relating to, formed by, or resembling a river (including tributaries), stream, brook, etc.

53. "Sand dunes" mean naturally occurring accumulations of sand in ridges or mounds landward of the beach.

54. "Sheet flow area." See "area of shallow flooding."

55. "Special flood hazard area (SFHA)" means an area having special flood or flood related erosion hazards, and shown on an FHBM or FIRM as zone A, AO, A1-A30, AE, A99, AR, AO, AH, E, M, V1-V30, VO, VE or V.

56. "Start of construction" includes substantial improvement and other proposed new development, and means the date the building permit was issued; provided, the actual start of construction, repair, reconstruction, rehabilitation, addition, placement, or other improvement was within one hundred eighty (180) days of the permit date. The actual start means either the first placement of permanent construction of a structure on a site, such as the pouring of slab or footings, the installation of piles, the construction of columns, or any work beyond the state of excavation; or the placement of a manufactured home on a foundation. Permanent construction does not include land preparation, such as clearing, grading and filling; nor does it include the installation of streets and/or walkways; nor does it include excavation for a basement, footings, piers or foundations or the erection of temporary forms; nor does it include the installation of the property of accessory buildings, such as garages or sheds not occupied as dwelling units or not part of the main structure.

For a substantial improvement, the actual start of construction means the first alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor, or other structural part of a building, whether or not that alteration affects the external dimensions of the building.

57. "Structure" means a walled and roofed building, including a gas or liquid storage tank, that is principally above ground, as well as a manufactured home.

58. "Substantial damage" means damage of any origin sustained by a structure whereby the cost of restoring the structure to its before damaged condition would equal or exceed fifty percent (50%) of the market value of the structure before the damage occurred.

59. "Substantial improvement" means any repair, reconstruction, or improvement of a structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds fifty percent (50%) of the market value of the structure either:

A. Before the improvement or repair is started; or
B. If the structure has sustained substantial damage, any repairs are considered substantial improvement regardless of the actual repair work performed.

For the purpose of this definition "substantial improvement" is considered to occur when the first alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor, or other structural part of the building commences, whether or not that alteration affects the external dimensions of the structure. The term does not, however, include either:

A. Any project for improvement of a structure to comply with existing state or local health, sanitary, or safety code violations identified by the building official and are the minimum necessary to assure safe living conditions; or
B. Any alterations of a structure meeting the "historic structure" definition as defined in this section; provided, that the alteration will not preclude the structure’s continued designation as a historic structure.

60. "V zone." See "coastal high hazard area."

61. “Variance" means a grant of relief from the requirements of this chapter which permits construction in a manner that would otherwise be prohibited by this chapter.

62. "Violation" means the failure of a structure or other development to be fully compliant with this chapter. A structure or other development without the elevation certificate, other Page H-1.36
Ordinance No. XXXX

certifications, or other evidence of compliance required in this chapter is presumed to be in violation until such time as that documentation is provided.

63. "Water surface elevation" means the height, in relation to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88), (or other datum, where specified) of floods of various magnitudes and frequencies in the flood plains of coastal or riverline areas.

64. "Watercourse" means a lake, river, creek, stream, wash, arroyo, channel or other topographical feature on or over which waters flow at least periodically. "Watercourse" includes specifically designated areas in which substantial flood damage may occur. (Ord. 1022 § 8 (part), 2016).

65. “Wet floodproofing” means the use of flood damage resistant materials and construction techniques to minimize flood damage to areas below the flood protection level of a structure, which is intentionally allowed to flood.

Section 12.42.41 – Development Permit.
a) A development permit shall be obtained before construction or development begins within any area of special flood hazards established in Section 12.42.32. Application for a development permit shall be made on forms furnished by the floodplain administrator and may include, but not be limited to: Plans in duplicate, drawn to scale, showing:
1) Location, dimensions, and elevation of the area in question, existing or proposed structures, storage of materials and equipment and their location; 2) Proposed locations of water supply, sanitary sewer, and other utilities; 3) Grading information showing existing and proposed contours, any proposed fill, and drainage facilities;
4) Location of the regulatory floodway when applicable; 5) Base flood elevation information as specified in Section 12.42.32 or 12.42.43(3); 6) Proposed elevation in relation to mean sea level of the lowest floor (including basement) of all structures; and
7) Proposed elevation in relation to mean sea level to which any nonresidential structure will be floodproofed, as required in Section 12.42.51(3)(C) and detailed in FEMA Technical Bulletin TB 3-93.
b) Certification from a registered civil engineer or architect that the nonresidential floodproofed building meets the floodproofing criteria in Section 12.42.51(3)(C). c) For a crawl-space foundation, location and total net area of foundation openings as required in Section 12.42.51(3)(D) of this ordinance and detailed in FEMA Technical Bulletins 1 and 7. d) Description of the extent to which any watercourse will be altered or relocated as a result of proposed development.
e) All appropriate certifications listed in Section 12.42.43(7).

Section 12.42.43 – Duties and responsibilities of floodplain administrator.

The duties and responsibilities of the floodplain administrator shall include, but not be limited to:
1) Permit Review.

A. Review all development permits to determine that the permit requirements of this ordinance have been satisfied;
B. All other required state and federal permits have been obtained; C. The site is reasonably safe from flooding;
D. The proposed development does not adversely affect the carrying capacity of areas where base flood elevations have been determined but a floodway has not been Page H-1.37
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designated. For purposes of this chapter, "adversely affects" means that the cumulative effect of the proposed development when combined with all other existing and anticipated development will increase the water surface elevation of the base flood more than one (1) foot at any point.

E. All letters of map revision (LOMRs) for flood control projects are approved prior to the issuance of building permits. Building permits must not be issued based on conditional letters of map revision (CLOMRs). Approved CLOMRs allow construction of the proposed flood control project and land preparation as specified in the "start of construction" definition.
2) Development of Substantial Improvement and Substantial Damage Procedures.

A. Using FEMA publication FEMA 213, "Answers to Questions About Substantially Damaged Buildings," develop detailed procedures for identifying and administering requirements for substantial improvement and substantial damage, to include defining "market value."
B. Assure procedures are coordinated with other departments/divisions and implemented by community staff.
3) Review, Use, and Development of Other Base Flood Data. When base flood elevation data has not been provided in accordance with Section 12.42.32, the floodplain administrator shall obtain, review, and reasonably utilize any base flood elevation and floodway data available from a federal, state or other source, in order to administer Sections 12.42.51 through 12.42.56. Any such information shall be submitted to the city council for adoption.

NOTE: A base flood elevation may be obtained using one (1) of two (2) methods from the FEMA publication FEMA 265, "Managing Floodplain Development in Approximate Zone A Areas – A Guide for Obtaining and Developing Base (100-year) Flood Elevations" dated July 1995.
4) Whenever a watercourse is to be altered or relocated:

A. Notify adjacent communities and the California Department of Water Resources prior to such alteration or relocation of a watercourse, and submit evidence of such notification to the Federal Emergency Management Agency; and B. Require that the flood-carrying capacity of the altered or relocated portion of said watercourse is maintained.
5) Base Flood Elevation Changes Due to Physical Alterations.

A. Within six (6) months of information becoming available or project completion, whichever comes first, the floodplain administrator shall submit or assure that the permit applicant submits technical or scientific data to FEMA for a letter of map revision (LOMR).

B. All LOMR’s for flood control projects are approved prior to the issuance of building permits. Building permits must not be issued based on conditional letters of map revision (CLOMRs). Approved CLOMRs allow construction of the proposed flood control project and land preparation as specified in the "start of construction" definition.

Such submissions are necessary so that upon confirmation of those physical changes affecting flooding conditions, risk premium rates and floodplain management requirements are based on current data.
6) Changes in Corporate Boundaries. Notify FEMA in writing whenever the corporate boundaries have been modified by annexation or other means and include a copy of a map of the community clearly delineating the new corporate limits. 7) Obtain and maintain for public inspection and make available as needed:

A. The certification required in Section 12.42.51(3)(A) (lowest floor elevations);
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B. The certification required in Section 12.42.51(3)(C)(iii) (elevation or floodproofing of nonresidential structures);
C. The certification required in Section 12.42.51(3)(D)(i) or (3)(D)(ii) or (3)(D)(iv) (wet floodproofing standard);
D. The certification required in Section 12.42.53(b) (subdivision standards); E. The certification required in Section 12.42.55(1) (floodway encroachments); F. Information required by Section 12.42.56 (coastal construction standards). 8) Make interpretations where needed, as to the location of the boundaries of the areas of special flood hazards. Where there appears to be a conflict between a mapped boundary and actual field conditions, grade and base flood elevations shall be used to determine the boundaries of the special flood hazard area. The person contesting the location of the boundary shall be given a reasonable opportunity to appeal the interpretation as provided in Sections 12.42.61 and 12.42.62.
9) Take action to remedy violations of this chapter as specified in Section 12.42.33.

Section 12.42.51 – Standards of construction.

In all areas of special flood hazards the following standards are required:
1) Anchoring.

A. All new construction and substantial improvements shall be anchored to prevent flotation, collapse or lateral movement of the structure resulting from hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads, including the effects of buoyancy.

B. All manufactured homes shall meet the anchoring standards of Section 12.42.54. 2) Construction Materials and Methods.

A. All new construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed with materials and utility equipment resistant to flood damage.

B. All new construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed using methods and practices that minimize flood damage.

C. All new construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed with electrical, heating, ventilation, plumbing, and air conditioning equipment and other service facilities that are designed and/or located so as to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the components during conditions of flooding.

D. All new construction and substantial improvements shall be constructed within zone AH or AO, so that there are adequate drainage paths around structures on slopes to guide floodwaters around and away from proposed structures.
3) Elevation and Floodproofing.

A. Residential construction (as defined by the California Residential Code as amended from time to time, i.e., single-family homes, duplex and townhomes) shall comply with the elevation requirement provisions of the California Residential Code in effect at the time of permit submittal. Other residential construction, and new or substantial improvement, shall have the lowest floor, including basement, comply with the following:
i. In areas of shallow flooding (AO zone), elevated to a height above the highest adjacent grade of not less than the depth number specified in feet on the FIRM plus one (1) foot, or not less than three (3) feet if no depth number is specified; ii. In all other Zone A, including Coastal A zones, elevated to or above the base flood elevation plus 1 foot, or the design flood elevation, whichever is higher. iii. In all other zones, elevated to or above the base flood elevation.

Upon the completion of the structure, the elevation of the lowest floor including basement shall be certified by a registered professional engineer or surveyor, and verified by the community building inspector to be properly elevated. Such certification and verification shall be provided to the floodplain administrator.

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B. Nonresidential new construction shall be elevated to conform with subsection (3)(A) of this section and have structural components capable of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy.

C. Nonresidential substantial improvement shall either be elevated to conform with subsection (3)(A) of this section or together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities:
i. Be dry floodproofed below the elevation required under subsection (3)(A) of this section so that the structure is watertight with walls substantially impermeable to the passage of water;
ii. Have structural components capable of resisting hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy; and
iii. Be certified by registered professional engineer or architect that the standards of subsection (3)(C) of this section are satisfied in accordance with ASCE 24 and shall include the flood emergency plan specified in Chapter 6 of ASCE 24. Such certification shall be provided to the floodplain administrator.

D. All new construction and substantial improvement with fully enclosed areas below the lowest floor that are usable solely for parking of vehicles, building access or storage, and which are subject to flooding shall be designed to automatically equalize hydrostatic flood forces on exterior walls by allowing for the entry and exit of floodwater. Designs for meeting this requirement shall follow the guidelines in FEMA Technical Bulletins 1, 7 and 11 as revised, amended and constructed to meet the following requirements:
i. Be certified by a registered professional engineer or architect; ii. Have a minimum of two (2) openings having a total net area of not less than one (1) square inch for every square foot of enclosed area subject to flooding. The bottom of all openings shall be no higher than one (1) foot above exterior adjacent grade.

Openings may be equipped with screens, louvers, valves or other coverings or devices provided that they permit the automatic entry and exit of floodwater; iii. The building must be designed and adequately anchored to resist flotation, collapse, and lateral movement of the structure resulting from hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads, including the effects of buoyancy. Crawl space construction is not allowed in areas with flood velocities greater than five (5) feet per second unless the design is reviewed by a qualified design professional, such as a registered architect or professional engineer;
iv. The crawl space is an enclosed area below the DFE and, as such, must have openings that equalize hydrostatic pressures by allowing for the automatic entry and exit of floodwaters. For guidance on flood openings, see Technical Bulletin 1, Openings in Foundation Walls. For fully enclosed areas below the design flood elevation where provisions to allow for the automatic entry and exit of floodwaters do not meet the minimum requirements in Section 2.7.2.1 of ASCE 24, construction documents shall include a statement that the design will provide for equalization of hydrostatic flood forces in accordance with Section 2.7.2.2 of ASCE 24; v. Crawl space construction is not permitted in V zones. Open pile or column foundations that withstand storm surge and wave forces are required in V zones; vi. Portions of the building below the DFE must be constructed with materials resistant to flood damage that conform to the provisions of FEMA Technical Bulletin 2. This includes not only the foundation walls of the crawl space used to elevate the building, but also any joists, insulation, or other materials that extend below the DFE; and vii. Any building utility systems within the crawl space must be elevated above DFE or designed so that floodwaters cannot enter or accumulate within the system components during flood conditions.
viii. Requirements for all below-grade crawl space construction, in addition to the above requirements, include the following provisions, per Technical Bulletin 11:

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a. The interior grade of a crawl space below the DFE must not be more than two (2) feet below the lowest adjacent exterior grade (LAG), shown as D in figure 3 of Technical Bulletin 11;
b. The height of the below-grade crawl space, measured from the interior grade of the crawl space to the top of the crawl space foundation wall must not exceed four (4) feet (shown as L in figure 3 of Technical Bulletin 11) at any point; c. There must be an adequate drainage system that removes floodwaters from the interior area of the crawl space within a reasonable period of time after a flood event;
d. The velocity of floodwaters at the site should not exceed five (5) feet per second for any crawl space. For velocities in excess of five (5) feet per second, other foundation types should be used; and
e. Below-grade crawl space construction in accordance with the requirements listed above will not be considered basements.

E. Manufactured homes shall also meet the standards in Section 12.42.54.

F. Accessory structures defined in Section 16.68.030 used solely for parking (two (2) car detached garages or smaller) or limited storage (low cost, not exceeding one hundred fifty (150) square feet) may be constructed such that its floor is below the design flood elevation (DFE) and not be required to apply for a variance, provided the structure is designed and constructed in accordance with the following requirements:
i. Use of the accessory structure must be limited to parking or limited storage; ii. The portion of the accessory structure located below the DFE must be built using flood damage resistant materials;
iii. The accessory structure must be adequately anchored to prevent flotation, collapse or lateral movement of the structure and meet the FEMA regulations as specified in this section;
iv. Any mechanical and utility equipment in the accessory structure must be elevated to or above the DFE or wet-floodproofed as defined in FEMA regulations; v. The accessory structure must comply with floodplain encroachment provisions in FEMA Regulation 60.3(C)(10) or (d)(3); and
vi. The accessory structure must be designed to allow for the automatic entry of floodwaters. (Ord. 1022 § 8 (part), 2016).

Section 12.42.56 – Coastal high hazard areas and Coastal A zones.

Within coastal high hazard areas and coastal A zones, as established under Section 12.42.32, the following standards shall apply:
1) Dry floodproofing of structures is not permitted in coastal high hazard areas and coastal A zones.
2) All new construction and substantial improvement shall be elevated on adequately anchored pilings or columns and securely anchored to such pilings or columns so that the lowest horizontal portion of the structural members of the lowest floor (excluding the pilings or columns) is elevated to or above the base flood level. The pile or column foundation and structure attached thereto is anchored to resist flotation, collapse and lateral movement due to the effects of wind and water loads acting simultaneously on all building components. Water loading values used shall be those associated with the base flood. Wind loading values used shall be those required by applicable state or local building standards. Construction documents shall include a statement that the building is designed in accordance with ASCE

24. Page H-1.41
Ordinance No. XXXX

3) All new construction and other development shall be located on the landward side of the reach of mean high tide.
4) All new construction and substantial improvement shall have the space below the lowest floor free of obstructions or constructed with breakaway walls in accordance with FEMA Technical Bulletins 5 and 9 as amended or revised and as defined in Section 12.42.20. Such enclosed space shall not be used for human habitation and will be usable solely for parking of vehicles, building access or storage.
5) Fill shall not be used for structural support of buildings. 6) Manmade alteration of sand dunes which would increase potential flood damage is prohibited. 7) For breakaway walls designed to have a resistance of more than 20 psf determined using allowable stress design, construction documents shall include a statement that the breakaway wall is designed in accordance with ASCE 24.
8) For breakaway walls where provisions to allow for the automatic entry and exit of floodwaters do not meet the minimum requirements in Section 2.7.2.1 of ASCE 24, construction documents shall include a statement that the design will provide for equalization of hydrostatic flood forces in accordance with Section 2.7.2.2 of ASCE 24. 9) The floodplain administrator shall obtain and maintain the following records:

A. Certification by a registered engineer or architect that a proposed structure complies with subsection (1) of this section.

B. (B) The elevation (in relation to mean sea level) of the bottom of the lowest structural member of the lowest floor (excluding pilings or columns) of all new and substantially improved structures, and whether such structures contain a basement. (Ord. 1022 § 8 (part), 2016).

SECTION 12: Exemption from CEQA.

The City Council finds, pursuant to Title 14 of the California Administrative Code, Section 15061(b)(3) that this Ordinance is exempt from the requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act ("CEQA") on the grounds that these standards are more stringent than the State standards, there are no reasonably foreseeable adverse impacts and there is no possibility that the activity in question may have a significant effect on the environment.

SECTION 13: Severability.

If any part of this Ordinance is held to be invalid or inapplicable to any situation by a court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this Ordinance or the applicability of this Ordinance to other situations.

SECTION 14: Effective Date.

This Ordinance shall become effective thirty days following adoption or on January 1, 2023, whichever is later. However, where applications and plans for building have been filed and are pending for building permits prior to the effective date of this Ordinance, such permits may be issued, and the applicant may proceed with construction in strict compliance with the California Building Standards Codes, 2019 Editions, California Code of Regulations, Title 24, as previously adopted and amended by any ordinances of the City of Menlo Park, but only to the extent that the issuance of such permit is required by Health and Safety Code section 18938.5 and any other applicable law.

SECTION 15: Posting and Filing.

Within fifteen (15) days of its adoption, the Ordinance shall be posted in three (3) public places within the City of Menlo Park, and the Ordinance, or a summary thereof shall be published in a local newspaper used to publish official notices for the City of Menlo Park prior to the effective Page H-1.42
Ordinance No. XXXX

date. The City Clerk shall file this ordinance with the California Energy Commission and/or California Building Standards Commission in the manner as may be required by law.

INTRODUCED on the first day of November, 2022.

PASSED AND ADOPTED as an ordinance of the City of Menlo Park at a regular meeting of said City Council on the __ day of __, 2022, by the following votes:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

APPROVED:
________________________
Betsy Nash, Mayor
ATTEST:
_________________________
Judi A. Herren, City Clerk
Page H-1.43

MENLO PARK FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT
ORDINANCE NO. 50-2022

DISTRICT FIRE PREVENTION CODE
For the City of Menlo Park

AN ORDINANCE OF THE MENLO PARK FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT ADOPTING THE 2021 EDITION OF THE INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE WITH THE 2022 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE AND LOCAL AMENDMENTS.

WHEREAS, pursuant to Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, also known as the California Building Standards Code (“CBSC”) and California Health and Safety Code Section 13869 et seq., a fire protection district may adopt a fire prevention code by reference and may also, when reasonably necessary due to local climatic, geological or topographical conditions, establish more stringent local building standards relating to fire and safety than those set forth in the CBSC; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to California Health and Safety Code sections 18941.5 and 17958, the Board of Directors of the Menlo Park Fire Protection District hereby finds that the amendments adopted herein are reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geologic, and topographic conditions; and
WHEREAS, the Menlo Park Fire Protection District is required to formally adopt a Fire Code, and to comply with California Health and Safety Code Sections, 13143.5, 13145, and 13146, for the enforcement provisions of the California Fire Code; and WHEREAS, the Menlo Park Fire Protection District (the “District”) now desires to adopt by reference an amended and restated District Fire Prevention Code that makes local amendments to the 2022 Edition of the California Fire Code based upon the 2021 Edition of the International Fire Code, and
WHEREAS, this Ordinance was introduced and was adopted after the holding of a public hearing pursuant to California Health and Safety Code Section 13869.7 and California Government Code Section 50022.3.

WHEREAS, the City of Menlo Park agrees to ratify and implement this adoption by reference
NOW, THEREFORE, the Board of Directors of the Menlo Park Fire Protection District ordains as follows:

SECTION 1: LOCAL CLIMATIC GEOLOGICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL

CONDITIONS
Pursuant to Section 17958.5 and 17958.7 of the State of California Health and Safety Code, the Board of Directors of the Menlo Park Fire District finds that the below changes or modifications are needed and are reasonably necessary because of certain local climatic, geological and topographic conditions as follows:

ATTACHMENT B Page H-1.44
Finding 1: Climatic
The District, on average, experiences an annual rainfall of 19.7 inches. This rainfall can be expected between October and April of each year. However, during the summer months there is little, if any measurable precipitation. During this dry period the temperatures are usually between 70 – 95 F degrees with light to gusty westerly winds. These drying winds, combined with the natural and imported vegetation which is dominant throughout the area, create a hazardous fuel condition that can cause extensive encroaching into these wooded and grass covered areas where wind-driven fires can have severe consequences. This has been demonstrated in a number of like climatic areas within the State of California and the western United States.

Because of variable weather patterns, normal rainfall cannot always be relied upon. This can result in water rationing and water allocation programs, as demonstrated in past drought patterns.

Water shortages may also be expected in the future due to limited water storage capabilities and increased consumption. The District is bounded by San Francisco Bay on the east and the foothills of the Santa Cruz Coastal Range of mountains on the west. This setting allows for strong gusty winds to blow through the Fire District. These winds are a common occurrence each afternoon during summer months. Wind increases a fire’s ability to spread and has been attributed to the rapid spread of both vegetation and structure fires. Automatic fire sprinkler protection as required in buildings specified in Chapter 9 of the Fire Code and the local requirements and standards of Menlo Park Fire Protection District would significantly reduce the fire’s ability to spread rapidly, especially when the jurisdiction is affected by the typical wind patterns.

Finding 2: Geologic and Geographic
A. Geographic Location. The District is located at the southeastern most part of San Mateo County.

B. Seismic Location. The District is situated on alluvial soils between San Francisco Bay and the San Andreas Fault zones. The location makes it particularly vulnerable to damage to taller and older structures caused by seismic events. The relatively young geological processes that have created the San Francisco Bay Area are still active today.

Seismically, the District sits between two active earthquake faults, the San Andreas fault and the Hayward/Calaveras fault, and numerous potentially active faults. A majority of the District’s land surface is in the high-to-moderate seismic hazard zones, as established by the U.S. Geological Survey.

C. Seismic and Fire Hazards. Fires following an earthquake have the potential of causing greater loss of life and damage than the earthquake itself. A significant portion of the District’s residential, commercial and industrial structures are located in seismic risk zones. Should a significant seismic event occur, fire suppression resources would have to be prioritized to mitigate the greatest threat, and may not be available for every structural Page H-1.45
fire. In such an event, individual structures should be equipped to help in mitigation of the risk of damage.

Other variables could aggravate the situation: (i) the extent of damage to the water system; (ii) the extent of isolation due to bridge and/or freeway overpass collapse; (iii) the extent of roadway damage and/or amount of debris blocking the roadways; (iv) climatic conditions (hot, dry weather with high winds); (v) time of day will influence the amount of traffic on roadways and could intensify the risk to life during normal business hours; and; (vi) the availability of timely mutual aid or military assistance.

D. Waterways. The Fire District’s south and east boundary lines are waterways, the south side being the San Francisquito Creek, and the east side being the San Francisco Bay.

Both waterways are influenced by tides. The San Francisquito Creek is fed from Searsville Dam, located along the Jasper Ridge, and also collects water from storm drains along its drainage pathway. The creek finally empties into San Francisco Bay, and is therefore influenced by tidal activity. During periods of heavy rainfall in combination with high tides in the Bay, San Francisquito Creek has overflowed its banks, causing floods in both East Palo Alto and Menlo Park. The floods have hampered fire apparatus making a timely response to emergencies and providing needed service to the community. Proper roadway widths as defined in Chapter 5 of the Fire Code and the minimum roadway standards established by Menlo Park Fire District can provide fire apparatus with accessibility while helping to divert excess water flow during rainy seasons.

E. Transportation. The District is dissected by a major state highway (El Camino Real) and two major interstate freeways (I-280 and U.S. 101). However, the interconnecting road system is significantly less well developed. These conditions are likely to affect response times of fire suppression personnel and apparatus during periods of heavy traffic or conditions of major emergencies.

The Fire District is also split in half by an active railway that serves commuters during daylight hours and transports freight in the evening. There are seven railroad crossings that allow fire apparatus to cross from one side of the Fire District to the other. The railroad limits the Fire District’s ability to not only make a timely response to an emergency, but also hampers our ability to provide a safe number of fire fighters to the scene of an emergency to begin operations that are compliant with Cal-OSHA Safety Regulations. Again, a structure’s ability to control a fire or emergency condition with fire sprinkler protection, would play a key role in reducing losses.

A single toll bridge connects the Fire District with a substantial workforce that resides in Alameda County. This single point source connection significantly adds to traffic congestion through the jurisdiction during commute hours. With alternative work schedules, commute hours may last from 5:00 am through 7:00 pm, with significant traffic backups also noted during the lunch hour.

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F. Soil Conditions. The District lies near the southern end of San Francisco Bay and is built atop the alluvial deposits that surround the margins of the Bay. The alluvium was created by the flooding of the many streams emptying into the San Francisco Bay depression, and from intermittent sea water inundation occurring over the last two or three million years.

The areas closest to the Bay are overlain by unconsolidated fine silty clay, known as Bay Mud which varies in thickness from a few feet to as much as 30 feet. Generally, the older more stable alluvium is to the south and the younger less stable material is to the north.

Bedrock lies beneath the area at depths generally 300 feet or more. The predominant soils patterns actuate the adverse effects on structures that may be expected from major seismic events.

G. Building Design. Many of the older and taller buildings are of designs which greatly limit accessibility by District resources. This includes large narrow parcels that have been subdivided into “flag-lots” on narrow residential streets.

The infrastructure that supports these buildings is old and not in compliance with current Codes. Some water purveyors and water mains in residential and commercial areas deliver water supplies that do not meet fire flow requirements required by Appendix B of the Fire Code. Some fire hydrant locations in both residential and commercial do not meet distance requirements of Appendix C of the Fire Code. This will not only hamper fire suppression operations, but limits building design. When water supplies must be altered to accommodate new construction, Menlo Park Fire District Standards on Underground Water Piping and the Standard on Water Supplies attempt to work with the existing infrastructure to accommodate the needs of fire fighters.

Residential properties in the Fire District consist primarily of one-acre or smaller parcels, flag lots and single and multi-family infill developments. Common to the larger parcels is the development of additional residential or in-law type occupancies for which fire department access is difficult based on existing driveway configurations for the original single- family parcels. Flag lots, for example, typically have driveways in excess of 150 feet, with narrow access, necessitating additional requirements, which the Fire District has added to Section 503, by creating Standards for driveways and private roadways that includes minimum driveway widths, fire apparatus turnaround specifications, and minimum vertical clearances. Areas in the District have older narrow roads, less than 20 feet wide and unimproved sidewalks or gutters, and allow parking on both sides. Parking is a regional issue which plagues the streets causing streets to be narrow allowing only one vehicle to pass. Regional traffic has increased causing neighborhoods to be flooded with increased pass through traffic, reducing alternative emergency response routes.

Neighborhoods are increasing traffic control measure installations which also increase emergency response times. Additionally, fire department response times are increased due to gated access roads, a lack of street or address illumination, and existing vegetation barriers. Section 505.1 provides minimum standards for addresses on buildings and now requires new buildings to have illuminated addressing. However, neighborhood street lighting continues to be an issue.

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Proper roadway widths as required by Chapter 5 and Appendix D of the Fire Code, along with minimum Menlo Park Fire District Fire Prevention Code, would allow fire apparatus to set up fire suppression operations and access both driveways that extend greater than 150 feet, and private roadways serving minor developments.

With the aging infrastructure, many water supplies do not meet current fire flow requirements. When redevelopment occurs, compliance to Fire Code Section 507 in addition to Menlo Park Fire District Fire Prevention Code on Water Supplies and on Underground (Piping) Standards is required. The Water Supply Standard provides for the type and size of the approved fire hydrant, its location in relationship to “flag-lots”, and placement of “blue-dots” to indicate their placement.

Due to the close proximity to San Francisco Bay, salt content in the soil is highly corrosive. Menlo Park Fire District’s Underground Standards provides requirements for underground piping of both fire hydrant installations as well as underground piping for automatic fire sprinkler system.

Finding 3: Topographical
The District’s topographic conditions are closely associated with the geological /geographical element. With the elevation changes within the District, development has followed the path of least resistance, creating a meandering pattern. This circumstance does not lend itself to a good systematic street and road layout, which would promote easy traffic flow. It has, in fact, resulted in few major cross-town thoroughfares that tend to be heavily congested, primarily during commute hours and seasonal periods of the year. This creates barriers that reduce the response time of fire equipment and other emergency services.

The topography of the District is also challenged by major development patterns. Employment areas are located adjacent to and throughout the jurisdiction. The people who work in these areas have added to the traffic congestion in the District thereby reducing the District’s response time capabilities.

Inherent delays caused by these traffic patterns make it necessary to mitigate these problems with greater requirements for built-in automatic fire protection systems, noted in Section 903 of the Fire Code, along with local requirements and standards. In addition, the Fire District has added Fire Alarm maintenance requirements, specifically UL Certification noted in Section 907, to reduce false alarms and insure system reliability.

Finding 4
The climatic conditions along the Peninsula affect the acceleration, intensity and size of a fire within the jurisdiction. Times of little or no rainfall, low humidity, and high temperatures have created extremely hazardous fire conditions, particularly as they relate to roof fires and conflagrations. The winds experienced in the Fire District can have a tremendous impact upon structure fires by carrying sparks and burning brands to other structures, thus spreading the fire and causing conflagrations. In building fires, winds can literally force the fire back into the Page H-1.48
structure, creating a blow torch effect, in addition to preventing the natural and cross ventilation efforts of firefighters. In 1997, a fire at Green Oaks School in East Palo Alto resulted in a multimillion-dollar loss. The fire’s unusually rapid spread was attributed to wind conditions occurring at the time of the fire. Other fires within the jurisdiction’s housing tracts have also experienced unusually rapid spread due to the gusty winds that occur daily off the San Francisco Bay.

Finding 5
By the use of automatic early fire detection and suppression systems, the Fire District will have the ability to curb losses of life and property attributed to the local climate’s influence on fires.

With the use of an early, automatic fire suppression system, major fire losses can be controlled.

For example, in 1989, a flammable liquid fire occurred at Romic Environmental Services, a former chemical recycling company that was located at the south end of the Fire District. The area suspected as the point of the fire’s origin was an open-air, un-sprinklered building subject to wind conditions. The fire grew rapidly. It was finally brought under control several hours after discovery, with the assistance of neighboring fire departments and resulted in a multi-milliondollar loss of property, equipment and product. Two years later, after the area had been rebuilt and retrofitted with an automatic fire sprinkler system, another fire occurred at the same location.

This fire was contained to a single piece of equipment and was controlled by one fire crew.

Finding 6
The geological conditions experienced within the Fire District increase the magnitude, exposure and accessibility to fire events. For example, a fire following an earthquake has the potential of causing greater loss of life and damage than the earthquake itself. Hazardous materials, particularly toxic gases, could pose the greatest threat to the largest number of people, should a significant seismic event occur. Fire protection resources would have to be prioritized to mitigate the greatest threat, and may likely be unavailable for smaller single-family dwelling or smaller business occupancy fires. Other variable conditions could include damage to the water system, freeway overpass collapse, roadways blocked by debris, and time of day, which could affect traffic patterns during or after the event.

In 1989 a 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck the San Francisco Bay Area via the San Andres Fault.

For three hours following the event, firefighters from Menlo Park Fire District responded to over 100 incidents per hour. Though during this event, losses in the Fire District due to fire were minimal, however other neighboring jurisdictions were not as lucky. Had automatic fire sprinkler protection been a requirement at the time, it could have assisted firefighters in setting their priorities and assisting those citizens who needed emergency services the most.

Finding 7
Heavy traffic congestion on city streets already acts as a barrier to the timely response of fire equipment and emergency services. Continued growth, both residential and commercial from both inside and outside the Fire District will only serve to continue the traffic problem. In the event of an accident or other emergency at certain key point intersections, portions of the Fire Page H-1.49
District could be isolated or response times could be sufficiently slowed, thus increasing the risk of substantial injury and damage.

A year long time study of response times for fire apparatus indicates significant increases in response to emergencies during the commute hours of 6:00 am to 10:00 am and again from 3:00 pm to 7:00 pm. In conjunction with the increased response time, fire losses also showed the same pattern of higher losses for fires starting during commute hours. From 2003 to 2012, the Fire District experienced 22 structural fires where the property loss was greater than $300,000.

From 2013 to July 2016, 40% of dollar loss occurred during commute traffic time. A $2,561,485 loss of $6,389,086 during this time, indicating significant losses that could be directly attributed to typical traffic congestion experienced within the Fire District.

If fire apparatus is hindered in their response, automatic fire sprinkler protection will help.

According to IFSTA Training Manuals, the temperature inside a structure can go from ambient to an excess of 1,000 degrees F within the first ten minutes of a fire. Delay of fire apparatus will only allow the fire to grow, thus making efforts to suppress the fire more difficult. Additionally, the ability to perform an effective rescue is diminished if fire fighters are delayed in their response. With an automatic fire sprinkler protection system in place, the fire should be held to a controllable level, allowing the ability of citizens to escape from the burning structure, as well as allowing firefighters to contain the fire in a safe manner in its beginning stages.

Finding 8
It is due to these climatic, geographical and topographical conditions that the Fire District supports the need for structures within the jurisdiction to at least be capable of initial fire suppression capacity.

Finding 9
For the above reasons, taken individually and cumulatively, that the Board of Directors of the Menlo Park Fire Protection District finds there to be building and fire hazards particular to the jurisdiction that require the increased fire protection detailed as set forth in this Ordinance.

SECTION 2: TITLE, ENFORCEMENT & RECORDKEEPING
This set of regulations, including provisions adopted and incorporated by reference, shall be known as the "District Fire Prevention Code" of the Menlo Park Fire Protection District (“the District”) and may be cited as such. It is also referred to as the “Fire Code” in these regulations.

A. No section of the Fire Prevention Code shall impose a mandatory duty of enforcement on the Fire District, or on any officer, official, agent, employee, board, or commission thereof. Instead, if any section purports to impose a mandatory duty of enforcement, said section shall be deemed to invest the Fire District, and the appropriate officer, official, agent, employee, board, council, or commission with discretion to enforce the section, or not to enforce it.

Page H-1.50
B. A copy of the Fire Prevention Code, as defined herein, shall be kept on file in the office of the Menlo Park Fire Protection District Fire Marshal.

SECTION 3: AUTHORITY
The District Fire Prevention Code is adopted pursuant to the Fire Protection District Act of 1987 (California Health and Safety Code Sections 13800 et seq.) and in particular the following provisions of that Act:

A. Section 13861(h), which empowers the District to adopt ordinances; B. Section 13861(i), which empowers the District to establish and enforce rules and regulations for the administration, operation and maintenance of the governmental services which it is authorized to provide;
C. Section 13862, which empowers the District to provide certain governmental services including fire protection services;
D. Section 13869, which empowers the District to adopt a fire prevention code by reference; Section 13870, which empowers the District's authorized representatives to order correction or elimination of fire and life hazards;
E. Section 13871(b), which provides that failure to correct or eliminate a fire or life hazard after a duly issued order is a misdemeanor;
F. Section 13872, which empowers the District's authorized representatives to issue citations for certain violations;
G. Section 13873, which provides that the District's employees shall have the powers of peace officers while engaged in the prevention and suppression of fires and the preservation of life and property; and,
H. Sections 13916, 13917, 13918 and 13919, which, among other things, empower the District’s Board of Directors to charge a fee to cover the cost of any services, which the District provides and the cost of enforcing any regulation for which a fee is charged.

SECTION 4: ADOPTION BY REFERENCE
A. The Menlo Park Fire Protection District hereby adopts the 2022 California Fire Code (California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part, 9 [based on the 2021 International Fire Code published by the International Code Council]), with California Amendments as amended, including Appendix D except to the extent portions of the CFC may be added, deleted, modified or amended by Section 6 (Local Amendments) of this Code. The 2022 California Fire Code, with the changes, additions, and deletions set forth this ordinance, is adopted by this reference as though fully set forth in this ordinance. As of the effective date of this ordinance, the provisions of the fire code are controlling and enforceable within the limits of each town or city within the jurisdiction of the District.

B. The Menlo Park Fire Protection District hereby adopts the 2022 California Fire Code (California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part, 9 [based on the 2021 International Fire Code published by the International Code Council]), with California Amendments as amended, together with the non-building standards reproduced therein except otherwise provided by this ordinance, are adopted by reference as the Fire Code of the Menlo Park Fire Protection District. This Code including all amendments thereto, shall hereafter be Page H-1.51
called the “Fire Code,” and/or this “Code” and are adopted as and for the rules, regulations, and standards within the Jurisdiction as to all matters therein, except otherwise provided.

SECTION 5: AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF THE BUREAU OF FIRE PREVENTION

AND LIFE SAFETY
The California Fire Code, including California Fire Code Standards as adopted and amended herein, shall be enforced by the Menlo Park Fire Protection District and managed by the Bureau of Fire Prevention and Life Safety, and shall operate under the direction of the Fire Chief and the Fire Marshal of the Menlo Park Fire Protection District. Both Fire Officers shall be known as the Fire Code Officials.

SECTION 6: LOCAL AMENDMENTS, MODIFICATIONS AND DELETIONS TO THE

CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE
Based upon the findings of the Board of Directors of the Menlo Park Fire Protection District regarding local climatic, topographical, and geological conditions, the following sections and/or subsections of the 2022 California Fire Code and the 2021 International Fire Code are amended or modified as set forth in this section. If a section is not referenced below, it remains unchanged.

SECTION 101 SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS is amended to read as follows:
101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the 2022 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE, and with amendments adopted by the Menlo Park Fire Protection District, will be referred to herein as the “CODE,” and/or the “FIRE PREVENTION CODE.”
SECTION 102.6 HISTORIC BUILDINGS is added and amended to read as follows:
102.6 The provisions of this code relating to the construction, alteration, repair, enlargement, restoration, relocation or moving of buildings or structures shall not be mandatory for existing buildings or structures identified and classified by the state or local jurisdiction as historic buildings where such buildings or structures do not constitute a distinct hazard to life or property.

Fire protection in designated historic buildings shall be provided in accordance with the California Historic Building Code.

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SECTION 107 FEES is added and amended to read as follows:
107.1 The fees for the permits and other services shall be established by resolution of the Menlo Park Fire Protection District Fire Board Fee Schedule (“Fee Schedule”). The fee shall be set to cover the cost of the Fire District to review and inspect the intended activities, operations or functions.

Exception: Fees for a permit may be waived at the discretion of the Fire Chief when the work or event to be conducted is for the Town of Atherton, City of East Palo Alto, City of Menlo Park or County of San Mateo.
107.2 Schedule of permit fees. Where a permit or other inspection fee is required, a fee for each permit shall be paid as required, in accordance with the Menlo Park Fire Protection District Fee Schedule.

SECTION 111 MEANS OF APPEALS is amended to read as follows:
111.1 Board of Appeals established. All decisions and rulings of the Fire Code Official are final and any appeals shall be made through the legal process.

SECTION 112 VIOLATIONS is amended to read as follows:

SECTION 112.4 Violation Penalties is added and amended to read as follows:
112.4 Violation penalties. Persons who shall violate a provision of this code or shall fail to comply with any of the requirements thereof or who shall erect, install, alter, repair or do work in violation of the approved construction documents or directive of the fire code official, or of a permit or certificate used under provisions of this code, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not more than $1000 or by imprisonment not exceeding 6 months, or both such fine and imprisonment. Each day that a violation continues after due notice has been served shall be deemed a separate offense.
112.4.1 Abatement of violation. In addition to the imposition of the penalties herein described, the fire code official is authorized to institute appropriate action to prevent unlawful construction or to restrain, correct or abate a violation; or to prevent illegal occupancy of a structure or premises; or stop an illegal act, conduct of business or occupancy of a structure on or about any premise.

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SECTION 202 GENERAL DEFINITIONS are amended to add the following:

All Weather Driving Surface. A roadway designed to carry the imposed weight loads of fire apparatus complete with all underground utilities, curbs, gutters, and a minimum surface finish of one layer of asphalt or concrete or road pavers.

Essential Service Facility. Shall mean that building or structure which has been designated by the local government to house facilities that are necessary for emergency operations.

Fire Code Official. The fire code official shall mean the District's Fire Chief, employees of the District’s Fire Prevention and Fire Suppression Divisions and such other representatives of the District as may be authorized by the Menlo Park Fire District Board of Directors or the Fire Chief.

Floor Area, Gross. The floor area within the inside perimeter of the exterior walls of the building under consideration, exclusive of vent shafts and courts, without deduction for corridors, stairways, closets, the thickness of interior walls, columns or other features. The floor area of a building, or portion thereof, not provided with surrounding exterior walls shall be the usable area under the horizontal projection of the roof or floor above. The gross floor area shall not include shafts with no openings or interior courts.

Areas to be included in the new gross floor area square footage calculation include:

1. Garages or carports if under a habitable space, or covers egress

2. New attached garage

3. All additions

4. Total square footage of any room that received alterations or additions. Removing sheetrock exposing structural framing or any structural change in a room involves the total square footage of that room.

Existing square footage shall be obtained from the San Mateo County Tax Assessor’s Office or may be submitted by a licensed architect.

Jurisdiction. Jurisdiction shall mean the territorial boundaries of the Menlo Park Fire Protection District. In that case “Jurisdiction” would mean, as appropriate, the County of San Mateo, the City of East Palo Alto, the City of Menlo Park and the Town of Atherton. The Fire District’s map book shall be adopted by reference to indicate the territorial boundaries of the Menlo Park Fire Protection District.

Except where in the code the term "jurisdiction" is used in a context which implies the ability to exercise governmental powers, such as “the authority having jurisdiction,” then in that context "jurisdiction" shall mean the particular public agency authorized to and exercising that governmental power.

Page H-1.54
Local Law Enforcement. “Local law enforcement” shall mean the local police departments of the City of East Palo Alto, the City of Menlo Park, the Town of Atherton, the San Mateo County Sheriff’s Department, and the California Highway Patrol.

Substantial Alteration. The renovation of any structure and/or which combined with any additions to the structure, affects a gross floor area which exceeds fifty percent (50%) of the existing floor area of the structure. This may include but is not limited to:

1. Removal of exterior walls and/or roof assembly
When any structural changes are made to the building, such as walls, columns, beams or girders, floor or ceiling joists and covering, roof rafters, roof diaphragms, foundations, piles or retaining walls or similar components, the floor area of all rooms affected by the changes shall be included in computing floor areas for purposes of applying this definition. This definition does not apply to the replacement and upgrading of residential roof coverings.

SECTION 308.3.2 THEATRICAL PERFORMANCES is added and amended to read as follows:
308.3.2 Theatrical performances. Where approved, open-flame devices used in conjunction with theatrical performances are allowed to be used where adequate safety precautions have been taken in accordance with NFPA 160 and Title 19 CCR.

SECTION 324 MOBILE FOOD PREPARATION VEHICLES is added to read as follows:

SECTION 324.1 HEALTH DEPARTMENT APPROVAL
324.1 Health department approval. Mobile food preparation vehicles shall display a San Mateo County Health Department sticker as prescribed by County Health.

SECTION 403.11 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PUBLIC SAFETY is added in its entirety.
403.11 Special requirements for public safety. Special requirements for public safety shall be in accordance with Sections 403.11.1 through 403.11.3.3.

Page H-1.55
CHAPTER 5 IS ADOPTED IN ITS ENTIRETY AND AMENDED BELOW:

SECTION 501.1 SCOPE. AMENDED
501.1 Scope. Fire service features for buildings, structures and premises shall comply with this chapter, and appendix D.

SECTION 503 FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS is amended to read as follows:
503.1 Where required. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided and maintained in accordance with Sections 503.1.1 through 503.1.3 and according to The Bureau of Fire Prevention and Life Safety Standards and Guidelines Manual.

SECTION 503.1.1 BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES is amended to read as follows:
503.1.1 Approved fire apparatus access roads shall be provided for every facility, building or portion of a building hereafter constructed or moved into or within the jurisdiction. The fire apparatus access road shall comply with the requirements of this section and Appendix D, and shall extend to within 150 feet (45 720 mm) of all portions of the facility and all portions of the exterior walls of the first story of the building as measured by an approved route around the exterior of the building or facility.

Exceptions: No Changes
503.1.1.2 is added to read as follows: Nothing in the California Fire Code shall prevent the Town or City from designating or maintaining a street as a “Fire Lane” which does not meet the requirements of a fire apparatus access road under the California Fire Code. 503.3 Marking. Where required by the fire code official, approved signs and markings designating fire lanes shall comply with California Vehicle Code section 22500.1. The designation shall be indicated (1) by a sign posted immediately adjacent to, and visible from, the designated place clearly stating in letters not less than one inch in height that the place is a fire lane, (2) by outlining or painting the place in red and, in contrasting color, marking the place with the words "FIRE LANE", which are clearly visible from a vehicle, or (3) by a red curb or red paint on the edge of the roadway upon which is clearly marked the words "FIRE LANE".

Signs and markings shall not be obstructed, and shall be maintained in a clean and legible condition at all times and be replaced or repaired when necessary to provide adequate visibility. 503.7 - Restrictions and requirements as specified in the California Vehicle Code shall apply to fire lanes established by this section.

SECTION 505 PREMISES IDENTIFICATION is amended to read as follows:
505.1 Address Identification. New and existing buildings shall have approved address numbers, building numbers or approved building identification placed in a position that is plainly legible and visible from the street or road fronting the property. These numbers shall contrast with their background. Address numbers shall be Arabic numerals or English alphabet letters. Numbers shall not be spelled out. Where required by the fire code official, address identification shall be Page H-1.56
provided in additional approved locations to facilitate emergency response. Where access is by means of a private road and the building cannot be viewed from the public way, a monument, pole or other sign or means shall be used to identify the structure. Address identification shall be maintained. Said numbers shall be either internally or externally illuminated in all new construction. Numbers shall be as follows:

1. Minimum of one-half inch (1/2″) stroke by eight inches (8″) high.

Exception: Single-Family dwelling minimum of one-half inch (½”) stroke by four inches (4”) high.

2. When the structure is more than fifty (50) feet from the street or fire apparatus access, a minimum of one-inch (1”) stroke by twelve inches (12″) high is required.

SECTION 505.1.1 Multi-tenant buildings is added to read as follows:
505.1.1 Multi -Tenant Buildings. Numbers or letters shall be designated on all occupancies within a building. Size shall be one-half inch (1/2″) stroke by four inches (4″) high and on a contrasting background. Directional address numbers or letters shall be provided. Said addresses or numbers shall be posted at a height no greater than 5 feet, 6 inches (5′ 6″) above the finished floor and shall be either internally or externally illuminated in all new construction.

SECTION 505.1.2 Rear Addressing is added to read as follows:
505.1.2 Rear Addressing. When required by the fire code official, approved numbers or addresses shall be placed on all new and existing buildings in such a position as to be plainly visible and legible from the fire apparatus road at the back of a property or where rear parking lots or alleys provide an acceptable vehicular access. Number stroke and size shall comply with 505.1.

SECTION 506 KEY BOXES is amended to read as follows:
506.1 Where required. Where access to or within a structure or an area is restricted because of secured openings or where immediate access is necessary for life-saving or fire-fighting purposes, the fire code official is authorized to require a key box to be installed in an approved location and shall be at a height not more than 6 ft. above the finished floor The key box shall be of an approved type listed in accordance with UL 1037, and shall contain keys to gain necessary access as required by the fire code official. Where a new gate or barrier is installed on a fire access roadway, the fire department shall have emergency access. Gates or barriers shall have a Knox® key switch.

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SECTION 506.3 Key Box contents requirements is added to read as follows:
506.3 Key box contents requirements. The keys provided shall be a master key to all spaces including multi-tenant spaces. Additional keys shall be included for card access, elevator control, fire alarm control panels, and fire sprinkler control valve access.

Exceptions:

1. Multi-tenant spaces which provide a key box for each tenant and installed per Section 506.1.

2. Electronic card keys and codes may not be utilized as a substitute for manual keys.

SECTION 508.2 FIRE CONTROL ROOM is added to read as follows:
508.2 Fire control room. An approved fire control room shall be provided for all new buildings or occupancies with a change of use, requiring protection by an automatic fire sprinkler system.

The room shall contain the fire alarm control panels, ERCCS control equipment, and other fire equipment required by the Fire Code Official. Fire control rooms shall be located within the building at a location approved by the Fire Code Official, and shall be provided at grade with a means to access the room directly from the exterior. Durable signage shall be provided on the exterior side of the access door to identify the fire control room. Fire Control Rooms shall not be less than 50 square feet.

Exceptions:

1. Group R-3 Occupancies.

2. Occupancies with a fire pump shall have a fire control room that is a minimum of 200 square feet.

3. In high-rise buildings, the fire control room shall not be less than 200 square feet.

SECTION 510.1 EXCEPTION #1 IS DELETED
SECTION 510.3 is amended to read as follows:
510.3 Permits required. Permits shall be required as set forth in Sections 105.5 and 105.6 for the installation of or modification to and the operation of in-building two-way emergency responder communication coverage systems and related equipment. Maintenance performed in accordance with this code is not considered a modification and does not require a permit.

SECTION 510.4.2 is amended to read as follows:
510.4.2 System Design. The in-building, two-way emergency responder communication coverage system shall be designed in accordance with Sections 510.4.2.1 through 510.4.2.8, NFPA 1221, NFPA 1225, NFPA 72 and San Mateo County ERCCS (P-500).

SECTION 510.4.2.9 UL CERTIFICATION. ADDED
510.4.2.9 UL CERTIFICATION. New ERCES systems shall be UL-Certified. A Certificate of Completion and other documentation as listed in NFPA 72 shall be Page H-1.58
provided for all new fire alarm system installations. It is the responsibility of the building owner or owner's representative to obtain and maintain a current and valid Certificate.

Section 510.5 is amended to read as follows:
510.5 Installation requirements. The installation of the in-building, two-way emergency responder communication coverage system shall be in accordance with San Mateo County ERCCS (P-500), NFPA 72, NFPA 1221, and Sections 510.5.2 through 510.5.5 of the Fire Code.

SECTION 903 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMS is amended as follows:
903.2 Where required. Approved automatic fire sprinkler systems in new buildings and structures shall be provided in all Group A, B, E, F, M, R, S, and U Occupancies greater than 1,000 square feet and in locations described in subsections 903.2.2, 903.2.5, 903.2.6, 903.2.8, 903.2.11, 903.2.12. Sections and Subsections of 903.2.1, 903.2.3, 903.2.4, 903.2.9, 903.2.10, and 903.2.11.3 of Chapter 9 of the code are deleted in their entirety.

Approved automatic fire sprinkler system in existing buildings and structures shall be provided as described in section 903.6.

Exceptions:

1. Independent solar carports or structures, non-combustible carports or shade structures.

2. Canopies less than 1000 square feet over motor vehicle fuel dispensing facilities when constructed in accordance with Section 406.7.2 of the 2022 California Building Code.
903.2.7 Group M. Automatic fire sprinkler systems shall be provided throughout buildings containing a Group M occupancy with a fire area greater than 1,000 square feet and any Group M occupancy used for the display and sale of upholstered furniture. 903.2.7.1 High Pile storage {CFC text not modified}
903.2.11.1 Stories without Openings is amended as follows:

Stories and basements without openings. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be installed in every building with a basement.

Automatic sprinkler systems shall be installed in every story of all buildings where the floor area exceeds 1000 square feet and where the following type of exterior wall opening is not provided.

1. Openings entirely above the adjoining ground level totaling at least 20 square feet (1.86 m2) in each 50 linear feet (15 240 mm), or fraction thereof, of exterior wall in the story on at least one side.

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903.3.1.1.2 Bathrooms is Deleted.
903.3.1.2 NFPA 13R sprinkler systems. Where in the code a NFPA 13R sprinkler system is allowed, a NFPA 13 sprinkler system shall be used.
903.3.3 Obstructed locations. Automatic sprinklers shall be installed with regard to obstructions that will delay activation or obstruct the water distribution pattern and shall be in accordance with the applicable automatic sprinkler system standard that is being used. Automatic fire sprinklers shall be installed in or under covered kiosks, displays, booths, concession stands, laboratory fume hoods, bio safety cabinets that use flammable liquids in processes, or equipment that exceeds 4 feet (1219 mm) in width. Not less than a 3-foot (914 mm) clearance shall be maintained between automatic sprinklers and the top of piles of combustible fibers. Sprinklers shall be provided in all areas including combustible or noncombustible concealed spaces, 6 inches or more.

Exceptions:

1. Combustible or noncombustible concealed spaces if the building owner and the fire code official agree in writing that combustible or noncombustible concealed spaces, 6 inch or less are unlikely to change in the future.

2. Kitchen equipment under exhaust hoods protected with a fire-extinguishing system in accordance with Section 904.
903.3.10 Partial Systems in new buildings or structures is added to read as follows:

Automatic fire sprinkler systems that only protect a portion of the building shall not be allowed.

903.6 WHERE REQUIRED IN EXISTING BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in existing buildings and structures where required in Chapter 11 or when improvements are conducted in accordance with this section. 903.6.1 Where required due to improvements to buildings and structures is added and amended to read as follows: The provisions of this section are intended to provide a reasonable degree of fire safety in existing structures by requiring installation of an automatic fire-extinguishing system.

903.6.1.1 Where Required. All existing buildings and structures, regardless of type of occupancy or area, shall be provided with an automatic fire sprinkler system when any of the following conditions occur:

1. Where the gross floor area of a proposed alteration, addition, or combination of alterations and additions and the gross floor area of any alterations, additions, or combination of alterations and additions exceeds 50% of the existing gross floor area of the building or 75% of the existing gross floor area of the building for R-3 occupancies.

Exception: Buildings or structures less than 1,000 square feet.

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2. When a change in occupancy classification, as defined within the Building Code, results in an increased fire hazard or risk due to business operations and/or number of occupants permitted in the building.

3. When an existing occupancy constructs a basement that is 250 square feet or larger, a fire sprinkler system shall be provided throughout the basement and the rest of the building or structure.
903.6.1.2 Partial Systems in existing buildings and structures is added to read as follows: Automatic fire sprinkler systems that only protect a portion of the building shall not be allowed.

Exception: A phased installation of an automatic fire sprinkler system may be accepted as an alternate materials and method application, as prescribed in Section 104.9, when different tenant spaces in the same building are occupied, and the installation of a fire sprinkler system may disrupt business. Not to exceed five (5) years for final completion from initial permit date. 907 FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEMS is amended to read as follows:

Section 907.1.6 is added to read as follows:
907.1.6 Certification. New fire alarm systems shall be UL-Certified. A certificate of Completion and other documentation as listed in NFPA 72 shall be provided for all new fire alarm system installation. It is the responsibility of the building owner or owner’s representative to obtain and maintain a current and valid UL Certificate. The protected premise shall be issued a UUFX type certification from Underwriters Laboratories (UL). 907.7 Acceptance tests and completion is amended as follows: Upon completion of the installation, the fire alarm system and all fire alarm components shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 72. Fire alarms systems in commercial structures shall obtain a UL Certificate for the system prior to final inspection.
907.9 Where required in existing buildings and structures is amended as follows: An approved fire alarm system shall be provided in existing buildings and structures where required in Chapter 11. When an alteration to any existing building or structure requires an upgrade or new fire alarm system, multiple fire alarm systems shall be approved by the fire code official.

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SECTION 1207.11.5.1 ELECTRICAL DISCONNECT is added to read as follows:

1207.11.5.1 Electrical Disconnect. The ESS disconnect shall be located on the exterior of the building and at the main panel.

SECTION 1207.11.11 INTERCONNECTED ELECTRICAL POWER SOURCES is added to read as follows:

1207.11.11 Interconnected Electrical Power Sources. A permanent directory site plan plaque denoting the location of all electrical power source disconnecting means on or in the premises shall be installed at each service equipment location and at the location(s) of the system disconnect(s) for all electric power production sources capable of being interconnected.

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Appendix B of the 2022 California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:

APPENDIX B

FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS
California Fire Code, Appendix B Table B105.1(1) is amended to read as follows:

TABLE B105.1(1)
REQUIRED FIRE-FLOW FOR ONE- AND TWO-FAMILY DWELLINGS, GROUP R-3 AND R-4 BUILDINGS AND TOWNHOUSES

FIRE-FLOW

CALCULATION
AREA
(square feet)

AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER
SYSTEM
(Design Standard)
MINIMUM FIREFLOW
(gallons per
minute)

FLOW DURATION
(hours)
0-3,600 No automatic sprinkler system 1,000 1
3,601 and greater No automatic sprinkler system Value in Table B105.1(2)
Duration in Table
B105.1(2) at
The required fire-flow
rate
0-3,600 Section 903.3.1.3 of the California
Fire Code
or Section 313.3 of the California
Residential Code
1,000 1
3,601 and greater Section 903.3.1.3 of the California
Fire Code
or Section 313.3 of the California
Residential Code
½ value in
Table B105.1(2)a
1 For SI: 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m. a. The reduced fire-flow shall be not less than 1,000 gallons per minute.

Page H-1.63
California Fire Code, Appendix B Table B105.2 is amended to read as follows:

TABLE B105.2

REQUIRED FIRE-FLOW FOR BUILDINGS OTHER THAN ONE- AND
TWO-FAMILY DWELLINGS, GROUP R-3 AND R-4 BUILDINGS AND

TOWNHOUSES

AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER
SYSTEM
(Design Standard)
MINIMUM FIREFLOW
(gallons per minute)

FLOW DURATION
(hours)
No automatic sprinkler system Value in Table
B105.1(2)
Duration in Table B105.1(2)
Section 903.3.1.1 of the
California Fire Code
50% of the value in
Table B105.1(2)a
Duration in Table B105.1(2) at the
reduced flow rate
Section 903.3.1.2 of the
California Fire Code
50% of the value in
Table B105.1(2)a
Duration in Table B105.1(2) at the
reduced flow rate
For SI: 1 gallon per minute = 3.785 L/m.
a. The reduced fire-flow shall be not less than 1,500 gallons per minute.

Appendix D FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS is added
Appendix L REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPED AIR SCBA REFILLING SYSTEMS is added as follows:

For buildings more than 10 stories in height, shall install Firefighter Air Replenishment System per Menlo Park Fire Protection District Standards and Guidelines Manual.

SECTION 7: DATE OF EFFECT
This ordinance shall take effect and be in full force on January 1, 2023.

SECTION 8: PUBLIC POSTING
This ordinance shall be publicly posted in the following places:

1. Front Door of the Menlo Park Fire Protection District

2. Bulletin Board in Front of the Classroom at the Menlo Park Fire Protections District

3. Menlo Park Fire District Website, and published pursuant to law Page H-1.64
MPFPD Ordinance
IFC/CFC Code Section MPFD Change (in Red) Reason
[A] 101 General
101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as
the Fire Code of [NAME OF
JURISDICTION], hereinafter referred to as “this
code.”
101.1 Title. These regulations shall be
known as the 2022 CALIFORNIA FIRE
CODE, and with amendments adopted by
the Menlo Park Fire Protection District, will
be hereinafter referred to as the “CODE,”
and/or the “FIRE PREVENTION CODE.”
See also Paragraph 3 of this ordinance.

Section 101.1 is the Title of the Code and is
required to be filled in by the jurisdiction. The
referral to Paragraph 3 of the Ordinance is
parallel language adopting the entire Fire Code
with District amendments.
102.6 Historic Buildings 102.6 The provisions of this code relating to the construction, alteration, repair,
enlargement, restoration, relocation or
moving of buildings or structures shall not
be mandatory for existing buildings or
structures identified and classified by the
state or local jurisdiction as historic
buildings where such buildings or structures
do not constitute a distinct hazard to life or
property. Fire protection in designated
historic buildings shall be provided in
accordance with the California Historic
Building Code.

Section 102.6 is to provide guidance on how to
properly construct and protect CA Historic
Buildings.
107 Fees 107.1 The fees for the permits and other
services shall be established by resolution of
the Menlo Park Fire Protection District Fire
Board Fee Schedule (“Fee Schedule”). The
fee shall be set to cover the cost of the Fire
District to review and inspect the intended
activities, operations or functions.

Exception: Fees for a permit may be waived
at the discretion of the Fire Chief when the
work or event to be conducted is for the
Town of Atherton, City of East Palo Alto,
City of Menlo Park or County of San Mateo.

Establishes reference to established cost recovery
fees for services related to construction, occupancy
permits, etc.
107.2 Where a permit or other inspection
fee is required, a fee for each permit shall be
paid as required, in accordance with the
Menlo Park Fire Protection District Fee
Schedule.

States fees shall be paid for permits and inspections
111.1 Means of Appeals 111.1 Board of Appeals. All decisions and rulings of the Fire Code Officials are
final and any appeals shall be made through
the legal process.

Appeals process describes to follow legal
process.
112 Violations 112.4 Violation penalties. Persons who shall violate a provision of this code or shall fail
to comply with any of the requirements
thereof or who shall erect, install, alter,
repair or do work in violation of the
approved construction documents or
directive of the fire code official, or of a
permit or certificate used under provisions
of this code, shall be guilty of a
misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not
more than $1000 or by imprisonment not
exceeding 6 months, or both such fine and
imprisonment. Each day that a violation
continues after due notice has been served
shall be deemed a separate offense
Allows District to abate code violations.
2022 CA Fire Code vs. Ordinance - City of Menlo Park

CALIFORNIA ADMINISTRATIVE
ATTACHMENT C Page H-1.65
112.4.1 Abatement of violation. In addition
to the imposition of the penalties herein
described, the fire code official is authorized
to institute appropriate action to prevent
unlawful construction or to restrain, correct
or abate a violation; or to prevent illegal
occupancy of a structure or premises; or
stop an illegal act, conduct of business or
occupancy of a structure on or about any
premise
Allows District to abate code violations.

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS
None All Weather Driving Surface. A roadway
designed to carry the imposed weight loads
of fire apparatus complete with all
underground utilities, curbs, gutters, and a
minimum surface finish of one layer of
asphalt or concrete or road pavers.

Clarify a driving surface that includes fire
apparatus
None Essential Service Facility. Shall mean that
building or structure which has been
designated by the local government to house
facilities that are necessary for emergency
operations.

Clarify fire stations, EOCs and other public
facilities.

FIRE CODE OFFICIAL. The fire chief or other
designated authority charged with the
administration and enforcement of the code, or a
duly authorized representative.

FIRE CODE OFFICIAL. The fire code
official shall mean the District's Fire Chief,
employees of the District’s Fire Prevention
and Fire Suppression Divisions and such
other representatives of the District as may
be authorized by the Menlo Park Fire
District Board of Directors or the Fire Chief
In the International Fire Code, the term Fire
Code Official is used generically to allow
other agencies, besides the Fire Department, to
enforce the Fire Code. For Menlo Park Fire
District, the Fire Chief and employees of the
Fire District are charged with the enforcement
of the Fire Code.
[B] FLOOR AREA, GROSS. The floor area
within the inside perimeter of the exterior walls of
the building under consideration, exclusive of
vent shafts and courts, without deduction for
corridors, stairways, closets, the thickness of
interior walls, columns or other features. The
floor area of a building, or portion thereof, not
provided with surrounding exterior walls shall be
the usable area under the horizontal projection of
the roof or floor above. The gross floor area shall
not include shafts with no openings or interior
courts.

The floor area within the inside perimeter of
the exterior walls of the building under
consideration, exclusive of vent shafts and
courts, without deduction for corridors,
stairways, closets, the thickness of interior
walls, columns or other features. The floor
area of a building, or portion thereof, not
provided with surrounding exterior walls
shall be the usable area under the horizontal
projection of the roof or floor above. The
gross floor area shall not include shafts with
no openings or interior courts. Areas to be
included in the square footage calculation
include:

1. Garages or carports if under a habitable
space, or covers egress

2. New attached garage

3. All additions

4. Total square footage of any room that
received alterations or additions. Removing
sheetrock exposing structural framing or any
structural change in a room involves the
total square footage of that room. Existing
square footage shall be obtained from the
San Mateo County Tax Assessor’s Office or

Definition from the CA Building Code
Ammended
Page H-1.66
[A] JURISDICTION. The governmental unit
that has adopted this code under due legislative
authority.
[A] JURISDICTION. Jurisdiction shall
mean the territorial boundaries of the Menlo
Park Fire Protection District. In that case
“Jurisdiction” would mean, as appropriate,
the County of San Mateo, the City of East
Palo Alto, the City of Menlo Park and the
Town of Atherton. The Fire District’s map
book shall be adopted by reference to
indicate the territorial boundaries of the
Menlo Park Fire Protection District. Except
where in the code the term "jurisdiction" is
used in a context which implies the ability
to exercise governmental powers, such as
“the authority having jurisdiction,” then in
that context "jurisdiction" shall mean the
particular public agency authorized to and
exercising that governmental power.

The term Jurisdiction has two meanings. One,
indicates the boundary lines which make up
the Menlo Park Fire Protection District, and
Two, indicates the government agency
exercising its governmental powers.

None LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT. Local
law enforcement” shall mean the local
police departments of the City of East Palo
Alto, the City of Menlo Park, the Town of
Atherton, the San Mateo County Sheriff’s
Department, and the California Highway
Patrol.

The term Local Law Enforcement is used in
the Code in Chapters 1, 4 and 5. This
ordinance uses the term when referring to fire
lanes and parking enforcement. A definition
in the ordinance defines exactly who the local
law enforcement agency is.

None SUBSTANTIAL ALTERATION. The
renovation of any structure and/or which
combined with any additions to the
structure, affects a gross floor area which
exceeds fifty percent (50%) of the existing
floor area of the structure. This may include
but is not limited to :
1) Removal of exterior walls and/or roof
assembly
When any structural changes are made to
the building, such as walls, columns, beams
or girders, floor or ceiling joists and
covering, roof rafters, roof diaphragms,
foundations, piles or retaining walls or
similar components, the floor area of all
room affected by the changes shall be
included in computing floor areas for
purposes of applying this definition. This
definition does not apply to the replacement
and upgrading of residential roof coverings.

The term substantial alteration is used in the
ordinance in section 505.1 when referring to
the lighted address requirement, and the of
definition of a substantial alteration is used as
the foundation in section 903.6.1.1 for
determining when improvements occur to an
existing building and it becomes reasonable to
include fire sprinkler protection as a portion of
the improvement.

CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
308.3.2 Theatrical Performances.

Where approved, open-flame devices used
in conjunction with theatrical performances
are allowed to be used where adequate
safety precautions have been taken in
accordance with NFPA 160 and Title 19
CCR.

Added and amended to allow state approved
devices in theatrical shows.
324.1 Mobile Food Preparation Vehicles
Health department approval. Mobile food
preparation vehicles shall display a San
Mateo County Health Department sticker as
prescribed by County Health.

Added to verify compliance with County
Health rules and maintenance of fire
extinguishing equipment.

CHAPTER 4 EMERGENCY PLANNING
403.11 Special requirements for public safety.

Special requirements for public safety shall be in
accordance with Sections 403.11.1 through
403.11.3.3.

Added to describe fire watch requirements
Page H-1.67
403.11.1 Fire watch personnel. Where, in the
opinion of the fire code official, it is essential for
public safety in a place of assembly or any other
place where people congregate, because of the
number of persons, or the nature of the
performance, exhibition, display, contest or
activity, the owner, agent or lessee shall provide
one or more fire watch personnel, as required and
approved. Fire watch personnel shall comply
with Sections 403.11.1.1 and 403.11.1.2.

Added to describe fire watch personnel
403.11.1.1 Duty times. Fire watch personnel
shall remain on duty while places requiring a fire
watch are open to the public, or when an activity
requiring a fire watch is being conducted.

Added to describe fire watch required times
403.11.1.2 Duties. On duty fire watch personnel
shall have the following responsibilities: 1. Keep
diligent watch for fires, obstructions to means of
egress and other hazards. 2. Take prompt
measures for remediation of hazards and
extinguishment of fires that occur. 3. Take
prompt measures to assist in the evacuation of the
public from structures.

Added to describe fire watch duties
403.11.2 Public safety plan for gatherings.

Where the fire code official determines that an
indoor or outdoor gathering of persons has an
adverse impact on public safety through
diminshed access to buildings, structures, fire
hydrants and fire apparatus access roads or where
such gatherings adversely affect public safety
services of any kind, the fire code official shall
have authority to order the development of or
prescribe a public safety plan that provides an
approved level of public safety and addresses the
following items: 1) Emergency vehicle ingress
and egress; 2) Fire protection; 3) Emergency
egress or escape routes; 4) Emergency medical
services; 5) Public assembly areas; 6) The
directing of both attendees and vehicles, including
the parking of vehicles; 7) Vendor and food
concession distribution; 8) The need for the
presence of law enforcement; 9) The need for fire
and emergency medical services personnel; 10)
The need for weather monitoring person
Added to describe large gatherings safety plan
403.11.3 Crowd managers. Where facilities or
events involve a gathering of more than 500
people, crowd managers shall be provided in
accordance with Sections 403.11.3.1 through
403.11.3.3
Added to describe crowd managers
403.11.3.1 Number of crowd managers. Not
fewer than two trained crowd managers, and not
fewer than one trained crowd manager for each
250 persons or portion thereof, shall be provided
for the gathering. Exceptions: 1) Outdoor events
with fewer than 1,000 persons in attendance shall
not require crowd managers; 2) Assembly
occupancies used exclusively for religious
worship with an occupant load not exceeding
1,000 shall not require crowd managers; 3) The
number of crowd managers shall be reduced
where, in the opinion of the fire code official, the
fire protection provided by the facility and the
nature of the event warrant a reduction.

Added to describe crowd managers requirements
403.11.3.2 Training. Training for crowd
managers shall be approved.

Page H-1.68
403.11.3.3 Duties. The duties of crowd managers
shall include, but not limited to: 1) Conduct an
inspection of the area of responsibility and
identify and address any egress barriers; 2)
Conduct an inspection of the area of
responsibility to identify and mitigate any fire
hazard; 3) Verify compliance with all permit
conditions, including those governing
pyrotechnics and other special effects; 4) Direct
and assist the event attendees in evacuation
during an emergency; 5) Assist emergency
reponse personnel where requested; 6) Other
duties required by the fire code official; 7) Other
duties as specified in the fire safety plan
Added to describe crowd manager training
CHAPTER 5 FIRE SERVICE FEATURES
501.1 Scope. Fire service features for buildings,
structures and premises shall comply with this
chapter.
501 .1 Scope. Fire service features for
buildings, structures and premises shall
comply with this chapter, and appendix D.

Added for more detailed criteria.
503 Fire Apparatus Access Roads
503.1 Where Required. Fire apparatus access
roads shall be provided and maintained in
accordance with Sections 503.1.1 through 503.1.3
503.1 Where required. Fire apparatus
access roads shall be provided and
maintained in accordance with Sections
503.1.1 through 503.1.3 and according to
Menlo Park Fire District Fire District
Standards and Guidelines Manual.

Added to describe fire access road
requirements
503.1.1 Buildings and facilities. Approved fire
apparatus access roads shall be provided for
every facility, building or portion of a building
hereafter constructed or moved into or within the
jurisdiction. The fire apparatus access road shall
comply with the requirements of this section and
shall extend to within 150 feet of all portions of
the facility and all portions of the exterior walls of
the first story of the building as measured by an
approved route around the exterior of the
building or facility.
503.1.1 Approved fire apparatus access
roads shall be provided for every facility,
building or portion of a building
hereafter constructed or moved into or
within the jurisdiction. The fire
apparatus access road shall comply with
the requirements of this section and
Appendix D, and shall extend to within
150 feet (45 720 mm) of all portions of the
facility and all portions of the exterior
walls of the first story of the building as
measured by an approved route around
the exterior of the building or facility.

Exceptions: No Changes
Amended to provide required fire access
during construction for medical or fire
emergencies during any weather conditions.

None 503.1.1.2 is added to read as follows:

Nothing in the California Fire Code shall
prevent the Town or City from designating
or maintaining a street as a “Fire Lane”
which does not meet the requirements of a
fire apparatus access road under the
California Fire Code. 503.1.2 - 5.3.6 (CFC
text not modified)
Added to allow jurisdictions to recognize
public roads as Fire Lanes or Fire Access
Roads.

Page H-1.69
503.3 Marking. Where required by the fire code
official, approved signs or other approved
notices or markings that include the words NO
PARKING—FIRE LANE shall be provided for
fire apparatus access roads to identify such roads
or prohibit the obstruction thereof. The means by
which fire lanes are designated shall be
maintained in a clean and legible condition at all
times and be replaced or repaired when necessary
to provide adequate visibility.
503.3 Marking. Where required by the fire
code official approved signs and markings
designating fire lanes shall comply with
California Vehicle Code section 22500.1.

The designation shall be indicated (1) by a
sign posted immediately adjacent to, and
visible from, the designated place clearly
stating in letters not less than one inch in
height that the place is a fire lane, (2) by
outlining or painting the place in red and, in
contrasting color, marking the place with
the words "FIRE LANE", which are clearly
visible from a vehicle, or (3) by a red curb
or red paint on the edge of the roadway upon
which is clearly marked the words "FIRE
LANE". Signs and markings shall not be
obstructed, and shall be maintained in a
clean and legible condition at all times and
be replaced or repaired when necessary to
id d t i ibilit
Local law enforcement has asked that
designated fire lanes are marked with both
signs AND red curbs AND lettering stating
"No Parking - Fire Lane."
Section changed to follow language from the
California Vehicle Code, per Menlo Park
Police.
503.7 Restrictions and requirements as
specified in the CA Vehicle Code shall
apply to fire lanes established by this
section.

Added to follow CA Vehicle Code
505.1 Address identification. New and existing
buildings shall be provided with approved address
identification. The address identification shall be
legible and placed in a position that is visible
from the street or road fronting the property.

Address numbers shall be Arabic numbers or
alphabetical letters. Numbers shall not be spelled
out. Each character shall be not less than 4
inches high with a minimum stroke width of 1/2
inch. Where required by the fire code official,
address identification shall be provided in
additional approved locations to facilitate
emergency response. Where access is by means
of a private road and the building cannot be
viewed from the public way, a monument, pole or
other sign or means shall be used to identify the
structure. Address identification shall be
maintained.
505.1 Address Identification. New and
existing buildings shall have approved
address numbers, building numbers or
approved building identification placed in a
position that is plainly legible and visible
from the street or road fronting the property.

These numbers shall contrast with their
background. Address numbers shall be
Arabic numerals or English alphabet letters.

Where required by the fire code official,
address identification shall be provided in
additional approved locations to facilitate
emergency response. Where access is by
means of a private road and the building
cannot be viewed from the public way, a
monument, pole or other sign or means shall
be used to identify the structure. Address
identification shall be maintained. Said
numbers shall be either internally or
externally illuminated in all new
construction. Numbers shall be as follows:

1. Minimum of one-half inch (1/2″) stroke
by eight inches (8″) high. Exception: Singlefamily dwelling minimum of one-half inch (1/2") stroke by four inches (4") high. 2.

The Fire District responds to many types of
emergencies, including medical calls, critical
home services such as flooding or natural gas
leaks, and smoke or carbon monoxide alarms,
just to name a few. In many areas of the Fire
District, street lighting is not available, which
makes finding addresses difficult, especially
when seconds count. The Fire District
ordinance requires new buildings and
buildings undergoing a substantial alteration
to include an illuminated address, so that
emergency responders can more easily find the
location needing help.

The ordinance also provides minimum size
requirements for address numbers on larger
structures for better visibility, where the
International Fire Code is silent.

None 505.1.1 Multi -Tenant Buildings. Numbers
or letters shall be designated on all
occupancies within a building. Size shall be
one-half inch (1/2″) stroke by four inches
(4″) high and on a contrasting background.

Directional address numbers or letters shall
be provided. Said addresses or numbers
shall be posted at a height no greater than 5
feet, 6 inches (5′ 6″) above the finished floor
and shall be either internally or externally
illuminated in all new construction.

The ordinance requires individual tenant
spaces to have address numbers, and provides
guidance as to height and size of the numbers.

The International Fire Code is silent on this
issue.

Page H-1.70
None 505.1.2 Rear Addressing. When required
by the fire code official, approved numbers
or addresses shall be placed on all new and
existing buildings in such a position as to be
plainly visible and legible from the fire
apparatus road at the back of a property or
where rear parking lots or alleys provide an
acceptable vehicular access. Number stroke
and size shall comply with 505.1.

The ordinance requires rear entrances to tenant
spaces to have corresponding address, so fire
fighters can orientate themselves when
approaching the rear of a single building that
has multiple addresses. The International Fire
Code is silent on this issue.
506.1 Where required. Where accecss to or
within a structure or an area is restricted because
of secured openings or where immediate access is
necessary for life-saving or fire-fighting purposes,
the fire code official is authorized to require a
key box to be installed in an approved location.

The key box shall be an approved type listed in
accordance to UL 1037, and shall contain keys to
gain necessary access as required by the fire code
official.
506.1 Where required. Where access to or
within a structure or an area is restricted
because of secured openings or where
immediate access is necessary for lifesaving or fire-fighting purposes, the fire code official is authorized to require a key
box to be installed in an approved location.

The key box shall be of an approved type
listed in accordance with UL 1037, and
shall contain keys to gain necessary access
as required by the fire code official. Where a
new gate or barrier is installed on a fire
access roadway, the fire department shall
have emergency access. Gates or barriers
shall have a Knox® key switch.

Added to require knox key box
None 506.3 Key box content requirements. The
keys including multi-tenant spaces.

Additional keys shall be included for card
access, elevator control, fire alarm control
panels, and fire sprinkler control valve
access. Exceptions: 1) Multi-tenant spaces
which provide a key box for each tenant and
installed per Section 506.1 2) Electronic
card keys and codes may be be utilized as a
substitute for manual keys.

Description of keys required for fire
department access box.
508.2 Fire Control Room
An approved fire control room shall be
provided for all new buildings or
occupancies with a change of use, requiring
protection by an automatic fire sprinkler
system. The room shall contain the fire
alarm control panels, ERCCS control
equipment, and other fire equipment
required by the Fire Code Official. Fire
control rooms shall be located within the
building at a location approved by the Fire
Code official, and shall be provided at grade
with a means to access the room directly
from the exterior. Durable signage shall be
provided on the exterior side of the access
door to identify the fire control room. Fire
Control Rooms shall not be less than 50
square feet. Exceptions: 1. Group R-3
Occupancies. 2. Occupanices with a fire
pump shall have a fire control room that is a
minimum of 200 square feet. 3. In high-rise
buildings, the fire control room shall not be
less than 200 square feet
Added to follow standard for San Mateo
County fire jurisdictions operational
consistency.
510.1 Emergency Responder Communication
Coverage in new buildings.

Exception 1. Where approved by the
building official and the fire code official, a
wired communication system in accordance
with Section 907.2.13.2 shall be permitted
to be installed or maintained instead of an
approved radio coverage system.

Deleted. No hard wire is accepted for fire and
police communications.

Page H-1.71
510.3 Permits required
Permits shall be required as set forth in
Sections 105.5 and 105.6 for the
installation of or modification to and the
operation of in-building two-way
emergency responder communication
coverage systems and related equipment.

Maintenance performed in accordance with
this code is not considered a modification
and does not require a permit.

Amended to follow MPFPD permit process
510.4.2 System design
The in-building, two-way emergency
responder communication coverage system
shall be designed in accordance with
Sections 510.4.2.1 through 510.4.2.8, NFPA
1221, NFPA 1225, NFPA 72 and San
Mateo County ERCCS (P-500).

Amended to follow San Mateo County Fire
Chiefs policy for coverage design.
510.4.2.9
510.4.2.9 UL CERTIFICATION. New
ERCES systems shall be UL-Certified. A
Certificate of Completion and other
documentation as listed in NFPA 72 shall be
provided for all new fire alarm system
installations. It is the responsibility of the
building owner or owner's representative to
obtain and maintain a current and valid
Certificate.

In the early 1980's UL established a program
for certification of fire alarm systems. NFPA
72 Standards were used as the requirements
for the certification. The certificate is a
declaration by the alarm company responsible
for the installation that the system as described
on the certificate form has been installed and
will be maintained in accordance with the
NFPA Standard. This standard is now
inlcuding ERCES beginning January 1 2023
510.5 Installation requirements The installation of the in-building, two-way emergency responder communication
coverage system shall be in accordance with
San Mateo County ERCCS (P-500), NFPA
72, NFPA 1221, and Sections 510.5.2
through 510.5.5.

Amended to follow San Mateo County Fire
Chiefs policy for coverage design.
903 Automatic Sprinkler Systems
Town of Atherton
903.2 Where required. Approved automatic
sprinkler systems in new buildings and structures
shall be provided in the locations described in
Sections 903.2.1 through 903.2.12.
903.2 Where required. Approved
automatic fire sprinkler systems in new
buildings and structures shall be provided in
all Group A, B, E, F, M, R, S, and U
Occupancies greater than 1,000 square feet
and in locations described in subsections
903.2.2, 903.2.5, 903.2.6, 903.2.8, 903.2.11,
903.2.12. Sections and Subsections of
903.2.1, 903.2.3, 903.2.4, 903.2.9, 903.2.10
and 903.2.11.3 of Chapter 9 of the code are
deleted in their entirety. Approved
automatic fire sprinkler system in existing
buildings and structures shall be provided as
described in section 903.6.

Exceptions:

1. Independent solar carports or structures,
non-combustible carports or shade
structures.

2. Canopies less than 1000 square feet over
motor vehicle fuel dispensing facilities
when constructed in accordance with
Section 406.7.2 of the 2022 California
Building Code.

Maintaining Ordinance requirements that has
been in place since 1984 to aid in fire
propogation and spread. Aging water
infrastructure, inadequate hydrant spacing and
increased response times due to traffic, road
width, traffic calming devices slow down
response requiring increased protection.

These subsections refer to Group A, B, E, F,
and S Occupancies where the fire sprinkler
threshold is greater than 1,000 square feet, and
would conflict with the ordinance.

CHAPTER 9 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
Page H-1.72
903.2.7 Group M. An automatic sprinkler
system shall be provided throughout buildings
containing a Group M occupancy where one of
the following conditions exists:

1. A Group M fire area exceeds 12,000 square
feet (1115 m2).

2. A Group M fire area is located more than
three stories above grade plane.

3. The combined area of all Group M fire areas
on all floors, including any mezzanines, exceeds
24,000 square feet (2230 m2).

4. A Group M occupancy used for the display and
sale of upholstered furniture or mattresses
exceeds 5 000 square feet (464 m2)
903.2.7 Group M. Automatic fire sprinkler
systems shall be provided throughout
buildings containing a Group M occupancy
with a fire area greater than 1,000 square
feet and any Group M occupancy used for
the display and sale of upholstered furniture.
903.2.7.1 High-piled storage. To remain
unchanged
The ordinance requires new M occupancies to
have automatic fire sprinklers when the square
footage exceeds 1,000 square feet.

Section 903.2.7.1 requires Group M
Occupancies with high piled storage to follow
the fire sprinkler requirements of Chapter 32
on High Piled Combustible Storage.
903.2.11.1 Stories without openings. An
automatic sprinkler system shall be installed
throughout all stories, including basements, of all
buildings where the floor area exceeds 1,500
square feet (139.4 m2) and where there is not
provided at least one of the following types of
exterior wall openings:

1. Openings below grade that lead directly to
ground level by an exterior stairway complying
with Section 1009 or an outside ramp complying
with Section 1010. Openings shall be located in
each 50 linear feet (15 240 mm), or fraction
thereof, of exterior wall in the story on at least
one side. The required openings shall be
distributed such that the lineal distance between
adjacent openings does not exceed 50 feet (15 240
mm)
903.2.11.1 Stories and basements without
openings. Automatic sprinkler systems shall
be installed in every building with a
basement.

Automatic sprinkler systems shall be
installed in every story of all buildings
where the floor area exceeds 1000 square
feet and where the following type of exterior
wall opening is not provided.

1. Openings entirely above the adjoining
ground level totaling at least 20 square feet
(1.86 m2) in each 50 linear feet (15 240
mm), or fraction thereof, of exterior wall in
the story on at least one side.

Adjustments in this section require automatic
fire sprinkler protection in basements of
occupancies. The threshold begins at square
footage exceeding 250 square feet, except for
the Town of Atherton which has no threshold
square footage.

Basement fires bring a different tactic to fire
suppression operations. Entry is obscured by
thick smoke. Opening doors to basement
create a rush of hot gases typically exceeding
900 degrees F. A fire in a basement can
cause the floor to giveaway under firefighters
as they enter the structure to attempt
extinguishment.
903.3.1.1.2 Bathroom Deleted MPFPD standard to delete bathrooms due to fire history
903.3.1.2 NFPA 13R sprinkler systems.

Automatic sprinkler systems in Group R
occupancies up to and including four stories in
height not exceeding 60 feet in height above grade
plane shall be permitted to be installed throughout
in accordance with NFPA 13R as amended in
Chapter 80.
903.3.1.2 NFPA 13R sprinkler systems.

Where in the code a NFPA 13R sprinkler
system is allowed, a NFPA 13 sprinkler
system shall be used.

NFPA 13R sprinkler systems are used in multifamily dwellings (apartments). They allow unsprinklered spaces and installation practices inconsistent with similar size occupancies.

This change requires a full fire sprinkler
system, which is consistent with similar size
buildings.
903.3.3 Obstructed locations. Automatic
sprinklers shall be installed with regard to
obstructions that will delay activation or obstruct
the water distribution pattern. Automatic
sprinklers shall be installed in or under covered
kiosks, displays, booths, concession stands or
equipment that exceeds 4 feet (1219 mm) in
width. Not less than a 3- foot (914 mm) clearance
shall be maintained between automatic sprinklers
and the top of piles of combustible fibers.

Exception: Kitchen equipment under exhaust
hoods protected with a fire-extinguishing system
in accordance with Section 904.
903.3.3 Obstructed locations. Automatic
sprinklers shall be installed with regard to
obstructions that will delay activation or
obstruct the water distribution pattern and
shall be in accordance with the applicable
automatic sprinkler system standard that is
being used. Automatic fire sprinklers shall
be installed in or under covered kiosks,
displays, booths, concession stands,
laboratory fume hoods, bio safety cabinets
that use flammable liquids in processes, or
equipment that exceeds 4 feet (1219 mm) in
width. Not less than a 3-foot (914 mm)
clearance shall be maintained between
automatic sprinklers and the top of piles of
combustible fibers. Sprinklers shall be
provided in all areas including combustible
or noncombustible concealed spaces, 6
inches or more.

Exception: 1. Sprinkler protection for
concealed spaced 6 inches or more may be
omitted if the building owner and the fire
code official agree in writing that the use of
the space is unlikely to change in the future.

The Fire District requires fire sprinkler
protection in obstructed locations that are 6
inches or more in height or width. These
spaces are typically used to run electrical
wiring, and have been collection points for
combustible debris. Fires in these concealed
spaces have the ability to overcome automatic
fire sprinkler protection. By providing fire
sprinkler protection in these spaces, early fire
detection is established and the fire is
controlled.

Industrial areas of the District cater to
Research and Development Laboratories. Due
to fire histories in these labs, the Fire District
requires fire sprinkler protection inside lab
fume hoods, and in biosafety cabinets that use
flammable liquids in processes.

By including an exception, for sprinklering the
6 inch concealed space, the ordinance allows
for flexibility depending on the occupancy and
the use of the space.

Page H-1.73
None 903.3.10 Partial Systems in new
buildings or structures. Automatic fire
sprinkler systems that only protect a portion
of the building shall not be allowed.

The Fire District added a section to the
ordinance that requires a full fire sprinkler
system in a building, and to not allow for a
partial system. When firefighters respond to
a fire in a sprinklered building, it is assumed
that the all portions of the building have fire
sprinkler protection. If the fire's origin
happened to be in an unsprinklered portion of
a sprinklered building, the fire's heat can
overcome the sprinklered portion of the
building 903.6 Where required in existing buildings and structures. An automatic sprinkler system shall
be provided in existing buildings and structures
where required in Chapter 11.
903.6 Where required in existing
buildings and structures. An automatic
sprinkler system shall be provided in
existing buildings and structures where
required in Chapter 11 or when
improvements are conducted in accordance
with this section.

No changes to the introductory statement.

None 903.6.1 Where required due to
improvements to buildings and
structures. The provisions of this section
are intended to provide a reasonable degree
of fire safety in existing structures by
requiring installation of an automatic fireextinguishing system.

The Fire Code does not specify whether or not
an existing building that under goes
improvements should include automatic fire
sprinkler protection. The Fire District has
specified in this section, what it believes to be
reasonable requirements to add fire sprinkler
protection when buildings are improved or
occupancies are changed to become
hazardous.

None 903.6.1.1 Where Required. All existing
buildings and structures, regardless of type
of occupancy or area, shall be provided with
an automatic fire sprinkler system when any
of the following conditions occur: (1)
Where the gross floor area of a proposed
alteration, addition, or combination of
alterations and additions and the gross floor
area of any alterations, additions, or
combination of alterations and additions
exceeds 50% of the existing gross floor area
of the building or 75% of the existing gross
floor area of the building for R-3
occupancies.

Exception: Buildings or structures less
than 1,000 square feet. (2) When a
change in occupancy classification, as
defined within the Building Code, results in
an increased fire hazard or risk due to
business operations and/or number of
occupants permitted in the building.
(3) When an existing occupancy
constructs a basement that is 250 square feet
or larger, a fire sprinkler system shall be
provided throughout the basement and the

The Fire Code does not specify whether or not
an existing building that under goes
improvements should include automatic fire
sprinkler protection. The Fire District has
specified in this section, what it believes to be
reasonable requirements to add fire sprinkler
protection when buildings are improved or
occupancies are changed to become
hazardous.

Page H-1.74
None 903.6.1.2 Partial Systems in existing
buildings and structures. Automatic fire
sprinkler systems that only protect a portion
of the building shall not be allowed.

Exception: A phased installation of an
automatic fire sprinkler system may be
allowed as an alternate materials and
method application, as prescribed in Section
104.9, when different tenant spaces in the
same building are occupied, and the
installation of a fire sprinkler system may
disrupt business. Not to exceed five (5)
years for final completion from initial
permit date.

Description of not allowing partial systems.

Allows exceptions for existing multi-tenant
buildings.
907.1.6 Certification 907.1.6 Certification. New fire alarm systems shall be UL-Certified. A certificate
of Completion and other documentation as
listed in NFPA 72 shall be provided for all
new fire alarm system installation. It is the
responsibility of the building owner or
owner’s representative to obtain and
maintain a current and valid Certificate. The
protected premise shall be issued a UUFX
type certification from Underwriters
Laboratories (UL)
Added for system integrity and reduction of false
alarms. Been a MPFPD Standard for over 20
years. Now becoming a San Mateo County
standard
907.7 Acceptance tests and completion. Upon
completion of the installation, the fire alarm
system and all fire alarm components shall be
tested in accordance with NFPA 72.
907.7 Acceptance tests and completion.

Upon completion of the installation, the fire
alarm system and all fire alarm components
shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 72.

Fire alarms systems in commercial
structures shall obtain a UL Certificate for
the system prior to final inspection.

In the early 1980's UL established a program
for certification of fire alarm systems. NFPA
72 Standards were used as the requirements
for the certification. The certificate is a
declaration by the alarm company responsible
for the installation that the system as described
on the certificate form has been installed and
will be maintained in accordance with the
NFPA Standard.
907.9 Where required in existing buildings and
structures. An approved fire alarm system shall
be provided in existing buildings and structures
where required in Chapter 11.
907.9 Where required in existing
buildings and structures. An approved
fire alarm system shall be provided in
existing buildings and structures where
required in Chapter 11. When an
alteration to any existing building or
structure requires an upgrade or new fire
alarm system, multiple fire alarm systems
shall be approved by the fire code official.

If a fire occurs in a single space of a multitenanted building, occupants of the other spaces should also be notified of the fire and
evacuated. However, NFPA 72 allows
individual tenants to install their own fire
alarm system, thus NOT notifying other
tenants of a fire. To correct this problem, the
Fire District will require a single fire alarm
system for multi-tenanted spaces. Fire code
official will approve multiple systems with
None 1207.11.5.1 Electrical Disconnect. The ESS
disconnect shall be located on the exterior of the
building and at the main panel.

Added to allow firefighters to secure utilitites
from the exterior of the house in the event of
an emergency
None 1207.11.11 Interconnected Electrical
Power Sources. A permanent directory site
plan plaque denoting the location of all
electrical power source disconnecting means
on or in the premises shall be installed at
each service equipment location and at the
location(s) of the system disconnect(s) for
all electric power production sources
capable of being interconnected.

Added to provide notification to firefighters of
multiple power sources and locations to secure
utilities and aid in firefighter safety and safe
operations.

Appendix B Table B105.1(1) Minimum fire flow
for Section 903.3.1.3 - minimum fire flow shall be
1000gpm for 1 hour duration minimum
Table B105.1(1) Minimum fire flow for
Section 903.3.1.3 shall be 1000 gpm for 1
hour duration
The CA Fire Code historically allowed the
AHJ to reduce fire flow requirements. The
code now makes it automatic, which takes awa
y the local AHJ ability to mitigate local water
issues and conflagration potential. This
provides MPFPD what we have historically
provided for over 30 years and allows proper
fire protection for our inreasing density and
larger buildings and potential for
Page H-1.75
Appendix B Table B105.2 Minimum fire flow for
Section 903.3.1.1 - 25% of the value in Table
B105.1(2)a
; Section 903.3.1.2 - 25% of the value
in Table B105.1(2)b
Table B105.2 Minimum fire flow for Section
903.3.1.1 - 50% of the value in Table
B105.1(2)a
; Section 903.3.1.2 - 50% of the
value in Table B105.1(2)b
The CA Fire Code historically allowed the
AHJ to reduce fire flow requirements. The
code now makes it automatic, which takes awa
y the local AHJ ability to mitigate local water
issues and confligration potential. This
provides MPFPD what we have historically
provided for over 30 years and allows proper
fire protection for our inreasing density and
larger buildings and potential for Appendix D Added - Fire Apparatus Access Roads To clarify requirements of fire access roads for uniformity.

Appendix L Appendix L Requirements for PIPED
AIR SCBA REFILLING SYSTEMS is
added as follows: For buildings more than
10 stories in height, shall install Firefighter
Air Replenishment System per Menlo Park
Fire Protection District Standards and
Guidelines Manual.

Currently, a firefighter's air bottle lasts about
20 (plus) minutes before it needs to be refilled.

With a Firefighter Air System installed in a
multi story building, firefighters can refill
their air supply from the interior of the
building, without having to leave the fire area.

Without such a system, an air bottle would
need to be refill from an air-refill truck located
on the street. This requirement allows for a
more efficient use of the firefighters time on
the fire scene
Page H-1.76
Title 24, Parts 6 and 11
Local Energy Efficiency Ordinances
2019 Nonresidential New Construction
Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study
Prepared for:

Christopher Kuch
Codes and Standards Program
Southern California Edison Company
Prepared by:

TRC
EnergySoft
Last Modified: July 15, 2019
ATTACHMENT D Page H-1.77

LEGAL NOTICE
This report was prepared by Southern California Edison Company (SCE) and funded by the California utility customers under the auspices of the California Public Utilities Commission.

Copyright 2019, Southern California Edison Company. All rights reserved, except that this document may be used, copied, and distributed without modification.

Neither SCE nor any of its employees makes any warranty, express or implied; or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any data, information, method, product, policy or process disclosed in this document; or represents that its use will not infringe any privately-owned rights including, but not limited to, patents, trademarks or copyrights.

Page H-1.78
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 2 Methodology and Assumptions............................................................................................................... 3

2.1 Building Prototypes.......................................................................................................................... 3

2.2 Cost Effectiveness............................................................................................................................ 5 3 Measure Description and Cost................................................................................................................. 7

3.1 Energy Efficiency Measures............................................................................................................. 7

3.1.1 Envelope................................................................................................................................... 1

3.1.2 HVAC and SWH......................................................................................................................... 1

3.1.3 Lighting..................................................................................................................................... 2

3.2 Solar Photovoltaics and Battery Measures...................................................................................... 6

3.2.1 Solar Photovoltaics................................................................................................................... 6

3.2.2 Battery Storage ........................................................................................................................ 8

3.2.3 PV-only and PV+Battery Packages........................................................................................... 9

3.3 All Electric Measures........................................................................................................................ 9

3.3.1 HVAC and Water Heating......................................................................................................... 9

3.3.2 Infrastructure Impacts ...........................................................................................................13

3.4 Preempted High Efficiency Appliances..........................................................................................15

3.5 Greenhouse Gas Emissions............................................................................................................15 4 Results....................................................................................................................................................16

4.1 Cost Effectiveness Results – Medium Office..................................................................................17

4.2 Cost Effectiveness Results – Medium Retail ..................................................................................26

4.3 Cost Effectiveness Results – Small Hotel .......................................................................................34

4.4 Cost Effectiveness Results – PV-only and PV+Battery ...................................................................43 5 Summary, Conclusions, and Further Considerations.............................................................................48

5.1 Summary ........................................................................................................................................48

5.2 Conclusions and Further Considerations.......................................................................................51 6 Appendices.............................................................................................................................................53

6.1 Map of California Climate Zones....................................................................................................53

6.2 Lighting Efficiency Measures..........................................................................................................54

6.3 Drain Water Heat Recovery Measure Analysis..............................................................................54

6.4 Utility Rate Schedules....................................................................................................................55

6.5 Mixed Fuel Baseline Energy Figures...............................................................................................56

6.6 Hotel TDV Cost Effectiveness with Propane Baseline....................................................................58

6.7 PV-only and PV+Battery-only Cost Effectiveness Results Details..................................................62

6.7.1 Cost Effectiveness Results – Medium Office..........................................................................62

6.7.2 Cost Effectiveness Results – Medium Retail ..........................................................................72

6.7.3 Cost Effectiveness Results – Small Hotel ...............................................................................81

6.8 List of Relevant Efficiency Measures Explored ..............................................................................90 Page H-1.79
List of Figures
Figure 1. Measure Category and Package Overview ....................................................................................... 2 Figure 2. Prototype Characteristics Summary ................................................................................................. 4 Figure 3. Utility Tariffs used based on Climate Zone ....................................................................................... 6 Figure 4. Energy Efficiency Measures - Specification and Cost........................................................................ 3 Figure 5. Medium Office – Annual Percent kWh Offset with 135 kW Array ................................................... 6 Figure 6. Medium Retail – Annual Percent kWh Offset with 110 kW Array.................................................... 7 Figure 7. Small Hotel – Annual Percent kWh Offset with 80 kW Array ........................................................... 7 Figure 8. Medium Office Upfront PV Costs...................................................................................................... 8 Figure 9. All-Electric HVAC and Water Heating Characteristics Summary.....................................................10 Figure 10. Medium Office HVAC System Costs..............................................................................................11 Figure 11. Medium Retail HVAC System Costs ..............................................................................................12 Figure 12. Small Hotel HVAC and Water Heating System Costs....................................................................13 Figure 13. Medium Office Electrical Infrastructure Costs for All-Electric Design ..........................................14 Figure 14. Natural Gas Infrastructure Cost Savings for All-Electric Prototypes.............................................15 Figure 15. High Efficiency Appliance Assumptions........................................................................................15 Figure 16. Package Summary .........................................................................................................................16 Figure 17. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office Package 1A – Mixed-Fuel + EE .........................................19 Figure 18. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office Package 1B – Mixed-Fuel + EE + PV + B............................20 Figure 19. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office Package 1C – Mixed-Fuel + HE .........................................21 Figure 20. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office Package 2 – All-Electric Federal Code Minimum .............22 Figure 21. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office Package 3A – All-Electric + EE ..........................................23 Figure 22. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office Package 3B – All-Electric + EE + PV + B ............................24 Figure 23. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office Package 3C – All-Electric + HE..........................................25 Figure 24. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail Package 1A – Mixed-Fuel + EE..........................................27 Figure 25. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail Package 1B – Mixed-Fuel + EE + PV + B............................28 Figure 26. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail Package 1C – Mixed-Fuel + HE..........................................29 Figure 27. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail Package 2 – All-Electric Federal Code Minimum..............30 Figure 28. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail Package 3A – All-Electric + EE...........................................31 Figure 29. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail Package 3B – All-Electric + EE + PV + B.............................32 Figure 30. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail Package 3C – All-Electric + HE ..........................................33 Figure 31. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel Package 1A – Mixed-Fuel + EE ...............................................36 Figure 32. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel Package 1B – Mixed-Fuel + EE + PV + B ................................. 37 Figure 33. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel Package 1C – Mixed-Fuel + HE...............................................38 Figure 34. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel Package 2 – All-Electric Federal Code Minimum ...................39 Figure 35. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel Package 3A – All-Electric + EE ................................................40 Figure 36. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel Package 3B – All-Electric + EE + PV + B ..................................41 Figure 37. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel Package 3C – All-Electric + HE................................................42 Figure 38. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office - PV and Battery ...............................................................45 Figure 39. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail - PV and Battery................................................................46 Figure 40. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel - PV and Battery .....................................................................47 Figure 41. Medium Office Summary of Compliance Margin and Cost Effectiveness....................................49 Figure 42. Medium Retail Summary of Compliance Margin and Cost Effectiveness.....................................50 Figure 43. Small Hotel Summary of Compliance Margin and Cost Effectiveness..........................................51 Figure 44. Map of California Climate Zones...................................................................................................53 Figure 45. Impact of Lighting Measures on Proposed LPDs by Space Function ............................................54 Figure 46. Utility Tariffs Analyzed Based on Climate Zone – Detailed View..................................................55 Page H-1.80
Figure 47. Medium Office – Mixed Fuel Baseline ..........................................................................................56 Figure 48. Medium Retail – Mixed Fuel Baseline...........................................................................................57 Figure 49. Small Hotel – Mixed Fuel Baseline................................................................................................58 Figure 50. TDV Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel, Propane Baseline – Package 2 All-Electric Federal Code Minimum........................................................................................................................................................59 Figure 51. TDV Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel, Propane Baseline – Package 3A (All-Electric + EE) ........60 Figure 52. TDV Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel, Propane Baseline – Package 3B (All-Electric + EE + PV) 60 Figure 53. TDV Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel, Propane Baseline – Package 3C (All Electric + HE) ........61 Figure 54. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office - Mixed Fuel + 3kW PV .....................................................64 Figure 55. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office – Mixed Fuel + 3kW PV + 5 kWh Battery .........................65 Figure 56. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office – Mixed Fuel + 135kW PV ................................................66 Figure 57. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office – Mixed Fuel + 135kW PV + 50 kWh Battery ...................67 Figure 58. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office– All-Electric + 3kW PV......................................................68 Figure 59. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office – All-Electric + 3kW PV + 5 kWh Battery ..........................69 Figure 60. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office – All-Electric + 135kW PV.................................................70 Figure 61. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office – All-Electric + 135kW PV + 50 kWh Battery ....................71 Figure 62. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail – Mixed-Fuel + 3kW PV.....................................................73 Figure 63. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail – Mixed Fuel + 3kW PV + 5 kWh Battery..........................74 Figure 64. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail – Mixed-Fuel + 110kW PV ................................................75 Figure 65. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail – Mixed-Fuel + 110 kW PV + 50 kWh Battery...................76 Figure 66. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail – All-Electric + 3kW PV .....................................................77 Figure 67. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail – All-Electric + 3kW PV + 5 kWh Battery...........................78 Figure 68. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail – All-Electric + 110kW PV .................................................79 Figure 69. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail – All-Electric + 110kW PV + 50 kWh Battery ....................80 Figure 70. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel – Mixed Fuel + 3kW PV ..........................................................82 Figure 71. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel – Mixed Fuel + 3kW PV + 5 kWh Battery ...............................83 Figure 72. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel - Mixed Fuel +80kW PV..........................................................84 Figure 73. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel – Mixed Fuel + 80kW PV + 50 kWh Battery ...........................85 Figure 74. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel – All-Electric + 3kW PV...........................................................86 Figure 75. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel – All-Electric + 3kW PV + 5 kWh Battery................................87 Figure 76. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel – All-Electric + 80kW PV.........................................................88 Figure 77. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel – All-Electric + 80kW PV + 50 kWh Battery............................89 Figure 78. List of Relevant Efficiency Measures Explored .............................................................................90 Page H-1.81
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 52 2019-07-15
1 Introduction
The California Building Energy Efficiency Standards Title 24, Part 6 (Title 24) (CEC, 2019) is maintained and updated every three years by two state agencies: the California Energy Commission (the Energy Commission) and the Building Standards Commission (BSC). In addition to enforcing the code, local jurisdictions have the authority to adopt local energy efficiency ordinances—or reach codes—that exceed the minimum standards defined by Title 24 (as established by Public Resources Code Section 25402.1(h)2 and Section 10-106 of the Building Energy Efficiency Standards). Local jurisdictions must demonstrate that the requirements of the proposed ordinance are cost-effective and do not result in buildings consuming more energy than is permitted by Title 24. In addition, the jurisdiction must obtain approval from the Energy Commission and file the ordinance with the BSC for the ordinance to be legally enforceable. This report was developed in coordination with the California Statewide Investor Owned Utilities (IOUs) Codes and Standards Program, key consultants, and engaged cities—collectively known as the Reach Code Team.

This report documents cost-effective combinations of measures that exceed the minimum state requirements for design in newly-constructed nonresidential buildings. Buildings specifically examined include medium office, medium retail, and small hotels. Measures include energy efficiency, solar photovoltaics (PV), and battery storage. In addition, the report includes a comparison between a baseline mixed-fuel design and all-electric design for each occupancy type.

The Reach Code team analyzed the following seven packages as compared to 2019 code compliant mixedfuel design baseline:
♦ Package 1A – Mixed-Fuel + Energy Efficiency (EE): Mixed-fuel design with energy efficiency measures and federal minimum appliance efficiencies.
♦ Package 1B – Mixed-Fuel + EE + PV + Battery (B): Same as Package 1A, plus solar PV and batteries.
♦ Package 1C – Mixed-fuel + High Efficiency (HE): Baseline code-minimum building with high efficiency appliances, triggering federal preemption. The intent of this package is to assess the standalone contribution that high efficiency appliances would make toward achieving high performance thresholds.
♦ Package 2 – All-Electric Federal Code-Minimum Reference: All-electric design with federal code minimum appliance efficiency. No solar PV or battery.
♦ Package 3A – All-Electric + EE: Package 2 all-electric design with energy efficiency measures and federal minimum appliance efficiencies.
♦ Package 3B – All-Electric + EE + PV + B: Same as Package 3A, plus solar PV and batteries. ♦ Package 3C – All-Electric + HE: All-electric design with high efficiency appliances, triggering federal preemption.

Figure 1 summarizes the baseline and measure packages. Please refer to Section 3 for more details on the measure descriptions.

Page H-1.82
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 52 2019-07-15
Figure 1. Measure Category and Package Overview
Measure
Category
Report
Section
Mixed Fuel All-Electric
Baseline 1A 1B 1C 2 3A 3B 3C
Fed Code
Minimum
Efficiency
EE EE+ PV
+ B HE
Fed Code
Minimum
Efficiency
EE EE+ PV
+ B HE
Energy
Efficiency
Measures

3.1 X X X X
Solar PV +
Battery 3.2 X X
All-Electric
Measures 3.3 X X X X
Preemptive
Appliance
Measures

3.4 X X
The team separately developed cost effectiveness results for PV-only and PV+Battery packages, excluding any efficiency measures. For these packages, the PV is modeled as a “minimal” size of 3 kW and a larger size based on the available roof area and electric load of the building. PV sizes are combined with two sizes of battery storage for both mixed fuel and all electric buildings to form eight different package combinations as outlined below:
♦ Mixed-Fuel + 3 kW PV Only
♦ Mixed-Fuel + 3 kW PV + 5 kWh Battery
♦ Mixed-Fuel + PV Only: PV sized per the roof size of the building, or to offset the annual electricity consumption, whichever is smaller
♦ Mixed-Fuel + PV + 50 kWh Battery: PV sized per the roof size of the building, or to offset the annual electricity consumption, whichever is smaller, along with 50 kWh battery ♦ All-Electric + 3 kW PV Only
♦ All-Electric + 3 kW PV + 5 kWh Battery
♦ All-Electric + PV Only: PV sized per the roof size of the building, or to offset the annual electricity consumption, whichever is smaller
♦ All-Electric + PV + 50 kWh Battery: PV sized per the roof size of the building, or to offset the annual electricity consumption, whichever is smaller, along with 50 kWh battery.

Each of the eight packages are evaluated against a baseline model designed as per 2019 Title 24 Part 6 requirements. The Standards baseline for all occupancies in this report is a mixed-fuel design.

The Department of Energy (DOE) sets minimum efficiency standards for equipment and appliances that are federally regulated under the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA), including heating, cooling, and water heating equipment.
1 Since state and local governments are prohibited from adopting 1 https://www.ecfr.gov/cgibin/retrieveECFR?gp=&SID=8de751f141aaa1c1c9833b36156faf67&mc=true&n=pt10.3.431&r=PART&ty=HTML#se10.3.431_197 Page H-1.83
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 52 2019-07-15
higher minimum efficiencies than the federal standards require, the focus of this study is to identify and evaluate cost-effective packages that do not include high efficiency equipment. However, because high efficiency appliances are often the easiest and most affordable measures to increase energy performance, this study provides an analysis of high efficiency appliances for informational purposes. While federal preemption would limit a reach code, in practice, builders may install any package of compliant measures to achieve the performance requirements, including higher efficiency appliances that are federally regulated.
2 Methodology and Assumptions
With input from several stakeholders, the Reach Codes team selected three building types—medium office, medium retail, and small hotel—to represent a predominant segment of nonresidential new construction in the state.

This analysis used both on-bill and time dependent valuation of energy (TDV) based approaches to evaluate cost-effectiveness. Both methodologies require estimating and quantifying the energy savings associated with energy efficiency measures, as well as quantifying the costs associated with the measures.

The main difference between the methodologies is the valuation of energy and thus the cost savings of reduced or avoided energy use. TDV was developed by the Energy Commission to reflect the time dependent value of energy including long-term projected costs of energy such as the cost of providing energy during peak periods of demand and other societal costs including projected costs for carbon emissions. With the TDV approach, electricity used (or saved) during peak periods has a much higher value than electricity used (or saved) during off-peak periods.2 The Reach Code Team performed energy simulations using EnergyPro 8.0 software for 2019 Title 24 code compliance analysis, which uses CBECC-Com 2019.1.0 for the calculation engine. The baseline prototype models in all climate zones have been designed to have compliance margins as close as possible to 0 to reflect a prescriptively-built building.3

2.1 Building Prototypes
The DOE provides building prototype models which, when modified to comply with 2019 Title 24 requirements, can be used to evaluate the cost effectiveness of efficiency measures. These prototypes have historically been used by the California Energy Commission to assess potential code enhancements.

The Reach Code Team performed analysis on a medium office, a medium retail, and a small hotel prototype.

Water heating includes both service water heating (SWH) for office and retail buildings and domestic hot water for hotels. In this report, water heating or SWH is used to refer to both. The Standard Design HVAC and SWH systems are based on the system maps included in the 2019 Nonresidential Alternate

2 Horii, B., E. Cutter, N. Kapur, J. Arent, and D. Conotyannis. 2014. “Time Dependent Valuation of Energy for Developing Building Energy Efficiency Standards.” Available at: http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2016standards/prerulemaking/documents/2014- 07-09_workshop/2017_TDV_Documents 3 EnergySoft and TRC were able to develop most baseline prototypes to achieve a compliance margin of less than +/-1 percent except for few models that were at +/- 6 percent. This indicates these prototypes are not exactly prescriptive according to compliance software calculations. To calculate incremental impacts, TRC conservatively compared the package results to that of the proposed design of baseline prototypes (not the standard design).

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2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 52 2019-07-15
Calculation Method Reference Manual.
4 The Standard Design is the baseline for all nonresidential projects and assumes a mixed-fuel design using natural gas as the space heating source in all cases. Baseline HVAC and SWH system characteristics are described below and in Figure 2:
♦ The baseline medium office HVAC design package includes two gas hot water boilers, three packaged rooftop units (one for each floor), and variable air volume (VAV) terminal boxes with hot water reheat coils. The SWH design includes one 8.75 kW electric resistance hot water heater with a 30-gallon storage tank.
♦ The baseline medium retail HVAC design includes five single zone packaged rooftop units (variable flow and constant flow depending on the zone) with gas furnaces for heating. The SWH design includes one 8.75 kW electric resistance hot water heater with a 30-gallon storage tank. ♦ The small hotel has two baseline equipment systems, one for the nonresidential spaces and one for the guest rooms.
♦ The nonresidential HVAC design includes two gas hot water boilers, four packaged rooftop units and twelve VAV terminal boxes with hot water reheat coils. The SWH design include a small electric resistance water heater with 30-gallon storage tank. ♦ The residential HVAC design includes one single zone air conditioner (AC) unit with gas furnace for each guest room and the water heating design includes one central gas water heater with a recirculation pump for all guest rooms.

Figure 2. Prototype Characteristics Summary
Medium Office Medium Retail Small Hotel
Conditioned Floor Area 53,628 24,691 42,552
Number of Stories 3 1 4
Number of Guest Rooms 0 0 78
Window-to-Wall Area Ratio 0.33 0.07 0.11
Baseline HVAC System
Packaged DX VAV with gas
furnaces + VAV terminal
units with hot water reheat.

Central gas hot water
boilers
Single zone packaged
DX units with gas
furnaces
Nonresidential: Packaged DX VAV
with hot water coil + VAV
terminal units with hot water
reheat. Central gas hot water
boilers.

Residential: Single zone DX AC
unit with gas furnaces
Baseline Water Heating
System
30-gallon electric resistance
water heater
30-gallon electric
resistance water
heater
Nonresidential: 30-gallon electric
resistance water heater
Residential: Central gas water
heater with recirculation loop
4 Nonresidential Alternative Calculation Method Reference Manual For the 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards. Available at: https://www.energy.ca.gov/2019publications/CEC-400-2019-006/CEC-400-2019-006-CMF.pdf Page H-1.85
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 52 2019-07-15

2.2 Cost Effectiveness
The Reach Code Team analyzed the cost effectiveness of the packages by applying them to building prototypes (as applicable) using the life cycle cost methodology, which is approved and used by the Energy Commission to establish cost effective building energy standards (Title 24, Part 6).5 Per Energy Commission’s methodology, the Reach Code Team assessed the incremental costs of the energy efficiency measure packages and compared them to the energy cost savings over the measure life of 15 years. Incremental costs represent the equipment, installation, replacements, and maintenance costs of the proposed measure relative to the 2019 Title 24 Standards minimum requirements. The energy savings benefits are estimated using both TDV of energy and typical utility rates for each building type:
♦ Time Dependent Valuation: TDV is a normalized monetary format developed and used by the Energy Commission for comparing electricity and natural gas savings, and it considers the cost of electricity and natural gas consumed during different times of the day and year. Simulation outputs are translated to TDV savings benefits using 2019 TDV multipliers and 15-year discounted costs for the nonresidential measure packages.
♦ Utility bill impacts (On-bill): Utility energy costs are estimated by applying appropriate IOU rates to estimated annual electricity and natural gas consumption. The energy bill savings are calculated as the difference in utility costs between the baseline and proposed package over a 15- year duration accounting for discount rate and energy cost escalation.

In coordination with the IOU rate team, and rate experts at a few electric publicly owned utilities (POUs), the Reach Code Team used the current nonresidential utility rates publicly available at the time of analysis to analyze the cost effectiveness for each proposed package. The utility tariffs, summarized in Figure 3, were determined based on the annual load profile of each prototype, and the most prevalent rate in each territory. For some prototypes there are multiple options for rates because of the varying load profiles of mixed-fuel buildings versus all-electric buildings. Tariffs were integrated in EnergyPro software to be applied to the hourly electricity and gas outputs. The Reach Code Team did not attempt to compare or test a variety of tariffs to determine their impact on cost effectiveness.

The currently available and applicable time-of–use (TOU) nonresidential rates are applied to both the base and proposed cases with PV systems.6 Any annual electricity production in excess of annual electricity consumption is credited at the applicable wholesale rate based on the approved NEM tariffs for that utility. For a more detailed breakdown of the rates selected refer to Appendix 6.4 Utility Rate Schedules. Note that most utility time-of-use rates will be updated in the near future, which can affect cost effectiveness results. For example, Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) will introduce new rates for new service connections in late 2019, and existing accounts will be automatically rolled over to new rates in November 2020.

5 Architectural Energy Corporation (January 2011) Life-Cycle Cost Methodology. California Energy Commission. Available at:
http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/2013standards/prerulemaking/documents/general_cec_documents/2011-01- 14_LCC_Methodology_2013.pdf
6 Under NEM rulings by the CPUC (D-16-01-144, 1/28/16), all new PV customers shall be in an approved TOU rate structure. As of March 2016, all new PG&E net energy metering (NEM) customers are enrolled in a time-of-use rate. (http://www.pge.com/en/myhome/saveenergymoney/plans/tou/index.page?).

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2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 52 2019-07-15
Figure 3. Utility Tariffs used based on Climate Zone
Climate
Zones
Electric / Gas Utility Electricity (Time-of-use) Natural Gas
IOUs
1-5,11-13,16 PG&E A-1/A-10 G-NR1
5 PG&E / Southern California Gas Company A-1/A-10 G-10 (GN10) 6,8-10,14,15 SCE / Southern California Gas Company TOU-GS-1/TOU-GS2/TOU-GS-3G-10 (GN10) 7,10,14 San Diego Gas and Electric Company
(SDG&E)
A-1/A-10 GN-3
Electric POUs
4 City of Palo Alto (CPAU) E-2 n/a
12 Sacramento Municipal Utility District
(SMUD)
GS n/a
6,7,8,16 Los Angeles Department of Water and
Power (LADWP)
A-2 (B) n/a
The Reach Code Team obtained measure costs through interviews with contractors and California distributors and review of online sources, such as Home Depot and RS Means. Taxes and contractor markups were added as appropriate. Maintenance costs were not included because there is no assumed maintenance on the envelope measures. For HVAC and SWH measures the study assumes there are no additional maintenance cost for a more efficient version of the same system type as the baseline.

Replacement costs for inverters were included for PV systems, but the useful life all other equipment exceeds the study period.

The Reach Code Team compared the energy benefits with incremental measure cost data to determine cost effectiveness for each measure package. The calculation is performed for a duration of 15 years for all nonresidential prototypes with a 3 percent discount rate and fuel escalation rates based on the most recent General Rate Case filings and historical escalation rates. 7 Cost effectiveness is presented using net
present value and benefit-to-cost ratio metrics.
♦ Net Present Value (NPV): The Reach Code Team uses net savings (NPV benefits minus NPV costs) as the cost effectiveness metric. If the net savings of a measure or package is positive, it is considered cost effective. Negative savings represent net costs. A measure that has negative energy cost benefits (energy cost increase) can still be cost effective if the costs to implement the measure are more negative (i.e., material and maintenance cost savings). ♦ Benefit-to-Cost Ratio (B/C): Ratio of the present value of all benefits to the present value of all costs over 15 years (NPV benefits divided by NPV costs). The criteria for cost effectiveness is a B/C greater than 1.0. A value of one indicates the savings over the life of the measure are equivalent to the incremental cost of that measure.

7 2019 TDV Methodology Report, California Energy Commission, Docket number: 16-BSTD-06 https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=216062 Page H-1.87
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 52 2019-07-15
There are several special circumstances to consider when reviewing these results:
♦ Improving the efficiency of a project often requires an initial incremental investment. However, some packages result in initial construction cost savings (negative incremental cost), and either energy cost savings (positive benefits), or increased energy costs (negative benefits). Typically, utility bill savings are categorized as a ‘benefit’ while incremental construction costs are treated as ‘costs.’ In cases where both construction costs are negative and utility bill savings are negative, the construction cost savings are treated as the ‘benefit’ while the utility bill negative savings are the ‘cost.’
♦ In cases where a measure package is cost effective immediately (i.e., there are upfront cost savings and lifetime energy cost savings), cost effectiveness is represented by “>1”. ♦ The B/C ratios sometimes appear very high even though the cost numbers are not very high (for example, an upfront cost of $1 but on-bill savings of $200 over 30 years would equate to a B/C ratio of 200). NPV is also displayed to clarify these potentially confusing conclusions – in the example, the NPV would be equal to a modest $199.
3 Measure Description and Cost
Using the 2019 Title 24 code baseline as the starting point, The Reach Code Team identified potential measure packages to determine the projected energy (therm and kWh) and compliance impacts. The Reach Code Team developed an initial measure list based on experience with designers and contractors along with general knowledge of the relative acceptance and preferences of many measures, as well as their incremental costs.

The measures are categorized into energy efficiency, solar PV and battery, all-electric, and preempted high efficiency measures in subsections below.

3.1 Energy Efficiency Measures
This section describes all the energy efficiency measures considered for this analysis to develop a nonpreempted, cost-effective efficiency measure package. The Reach Code Team assessed the costeffectiveness of measures for all climate zones individually and found that the packages did not need to vary by climate zone, with the exception of a solar heat gain coefficient measure in hotels, as described in more detail below. The measures were developed based on reviews of proposed 2022 Title 24 codes and standards enhancement measures, as well as ASHRAE 90.1 and ASHRAE 189.1 Standards. Please refer to Appendix Section 6.86.7 for a list of efficiency measures that were considered but not implemented.

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2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 1 2019-07-15
Figure 4 provides a summary of the cost of each measure and the applicability of each measure to the prototype buildings.

3.1.1 Envelope
♦ Modify Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) fenestration ♦ Office and Retail - All Climate Zones: reduce window SHGC from the prescriptive value of 0.25 to 0.22
♦ Hotel
♦ Climate zones 1, 2, 3, 5, and 16: Increase the SHGC for all nonresidential spaces from the prescriptive value of 0.25 to 0.45 in both common and guest room spaces. ♦ Climate zones 4, and 6-15: Reduce window SHGC from the prescriptive value of 0.25 to

0.22, only for common spaces.

In all cases, the fenestration visible transmittance and U-factor remain at prescriptive values. ♦ Fenestration as a function of orientation: Limit the amount of fenestration area as a function of orientation. East-facing and west-facing windows are each limited to one-half of the average amount of north-facing and south-facing windows.

3.1.2 HVAC and SWH
♦ Drain water heat recovery (DWHR): Add shower drain heat recovery in hotel guest rooms. DWHR captures waste heat from a shower drain line and uses it to preheat hot water. Note that this measure cannot currently be modeled on hotel/motel spaces, and the Reach Code Team integrated estimated savings outside of modeling software based on SWH savings in residential scenarios. Please see Appendix Section 6.3 for details on energy savings analysis. ♦ VAV box minimum flow: Reduce VAV box minimum airflows from the current T24 prescriptive requirement of 20 percent of maximum (design) airflow to the T24 zone ventilation minimums. ♦ Economizers on small capacity systems: Require economizers and staged fan control in units with cooling capacity ≥ 33,000 Btu/hr and ≤ 54,000 Btu/hr, which matches the requirement in the 2018 International Green Construction Code and adopts ANSI/ASHRAE/ICC/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1.

This measure reduces the T24 prescriptive threshold on air handling units that are required to have economizers, which is > 54,000 Btu/hr.
♦ Solar thermal hot water: For all-electric hotel only, add solar thermal water heating to supply the following portions of the water heating load, measured in solar savings fraction (SSF):
♦ 20 percent SSF in CZs 2, 3, and 5-9
♦ 25 percent in CZ4
♦ 35 percent SSF in CZs 1 and 10-16.

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3.1.3 Lighting
♦ Interior lighting reduced lighting power density (LPD): Reduce LPD by 15 percent for Medium Office, 10 percent for Medium Retail and by 10 percent for the nonresidential areas of the Small Hotel.
♦ Institutional tuning: Limit the maximum output or maximum power draw of lighting to 85 percent of full light output or full power draw.
♦ Daylight dimming plus off: Turn daylight-controlled lights completely off when the daylight available in the daylit zone is greater than 150 percent of the illuminance received from the general lighting system at full power. There is no associated cost with this measure, as the 2019 T24 Standards already require multilevel lighting and daylight sensors in primary and secondary daylit spaces. This measure is simply a revised control strategy and does not increase the number of sensors required or labor to install and program a sensor. ♦ Occupant sensing in open plan offices: In an open plan office area greater than 250 ft2 , control
lighting based on occupant sensing controls. Two workstations per occupancy sensor.

Details on the applicability and impact of each measure by building type and by space function can be found in Appendices 6.2. The appendix also includes the resulting LPD that is modeled as the proposed by building type and by space function.

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Figure 4. Energy Efficiency Measures - Specification and Cost Measure Baseline T24 Requirement
Measure Applicability
● Included in Packages 1A, 1B, 3A, 3C
─ Not applicable
Incremental Cost Sources & Notes
Med
Office
Med
Retail
Small Hotel
Guest
rooms
Comm
Spaces
Envelope
Modify SHGC Fenestration SHGC of 0.25 ● ● ● ●
$1.60 /ft2 window
for SHGC
decreases, $0/ft2
for SHGC increases
Costs from one manufacturer.

Fenestration as a Function
of Orientation
Limit on total window area and
west-facing window area as a
function of wall area.
● ─ ─ ─ $0
No additional cost associated
with the measure which is a
design consideration not an
equipment cost.

HVAC and SHW
Drain Water Heat Recovery No heat recovery required ─ ─ ● ─ $841 /unit Assume 1 heat recovery unit
for every 3 guestrooms. Costs
from three manufacturers.

VAV Box Minimum Flow 20 percent of maximum
(design) airflow ● ─ ─ ● $0
No additional cost associated
with the measure which is a
design consideration not an
equipment cost.

Economizers on Small
Capacity Systems
Economizers required for units
> 54,000 Btu/hr ─ ● ─ ─ $2,857 /unit
Costs from one manufacturer’s
representative and one
mechanical contractor.

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2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 4 2019-07-15
Measure Baseline T24 Requirement
Measure Applicability
● Included in Packages 1A, 1B, 3A, 3C
─ Not applicable
Incremental Cost Sources & Notes
Med
Office
Med
Retail
Small Hotel
Guest
rooms
Comm
Spaces
Solar Thermal Hot Water
For central heat pump water
heaters, there is no prescriptive
baseline requirement.
─ ─
●
(electric
only)
─ $33/therm-yr
Installed costs reported in the
California Solar Initiative
Thermal Program Database,
2015-present.8 Costs include
tank and were only available
for gas backup systems. Costs
are reduced by 19 percent per
federal income tax credit
average through 2022.

Lighting
Interior Lighting Reduced
LPD
Per Area Category Method,
varies by Primary Function
Area. Office area 0.60 – 0.70
W/ft2 depending on area of
space. Hotel function area 0.85
W/ft2
. Retail Merchandise Sales

1.00 W/ft2
● ● ─ ● $0
Industry report on LED pricing
analysis shows that costs are
not correlated with efficacy.9

8 http://www.csithermalstats.org/download.html
9 http://calmac.org/publications/LED_Pricing_Analysis_Report_-_Revised_1.19.2018_Final.pdf Page H-1.92
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 5 2019-07-15
Measure Baseline T24 Requirement
Measure Applicability
● Included in Packages 1A, 1B, 3A, 3C
─ Not applicable
Incremental Cost Sources & Notes
Med
Office
Med
Retail
Small Hotel
Guest
rooms
Comm
Spaces
Institutional Tuning
No requirement, but Power
Adjustment Factor (PAF) credit
of 0.10 available for luminaires
in non-daylit areas and 0.05 for
luminaires in daylit areas10
● ● ─ ● $0.06/ft2 Industry report on institutional
tuning11
Daylight Dimming Plus Off No requirement, but PAF credit of 0.10 available. ● ─ ─ ─ $0
Given the amount of lighting
controls already required, this
measure is no additional cost.

Occupant Sensing in Open
Plan Offices
No requirement, but PAF credit
of 0.30 available. ● ─ ─ ─
$189 /sensor; $74
/powered relay;
$108 /secondary
relay
2 workstations per sensor;
1 fixture per workstation;
4 workstations per master
relay;
120 ft2
/workstation in open
office area, which is 53% of
total floor area of the medium
office
10 Power Adjustment Factors allow designers to tradeoff increased lighting power densities for more efficient designs. In this study, PAF-related measures assume that the more efficient design is incorporated without a tradeoff for increased lighting power density. 11 https://slipstreaminc.org/sites/default/files/2018-12/task-tuning-report-mndoc-2015.pdf Page H-1.93
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 6 2019-07-15

3.2 Solar Photovoltaics and Battery Measures
This section describes the PV and battery measures considered for this analysis. The Reach Code Team estimated the required PV sizes for each building prototype for the efficiency measure packages and the stand alone PV and battery options.

3.2.1 Solar Photovoltaics
2019 Title 24 requires nonresidential buildings to reserve at least 15 percent of the roof area as a “solar zone,” but does not include any requirements or compliance credits for the installation of photovoltaic systems. The Reach Code Team analyzed a range of PV system sizes to determine cost effectiveness. To determine upper end of potential PV system size, the Reach Code Team assumed a PV generation capacity of either
♦ 15 W/ft2 covering 50 percent of the roof area, or
♦ Enough to nearly offset the annual energy consumption.

The medium office and small hotel prototypes had small roof areas compared to their annual electricity demand, thus the PV system capacity at 50 percent of the roof area was less than the estimated annual usage. The medium office and small hotel had a 135 kW and 80 kW array, respectively. The medium retail building has a substantially large roof area that would accommodate a PV array that generates more than the annual electricity load of the building. The PV array for the medium retail building was sized at 110 kW to not exceed the annual electricity consumption of the building when accounting for the minimum annual energy demand across climate zones with efficiency packages.

The modeling software for nonresidential buildings does not allow auto-sizing of PV based on a desired percent offset of electricity use. Moreover, the PV size is also constrained by the availability of roof area.

Hence, a common size of PV is modeled for all the packages including all electric design. Figure 5 through Figure 7 below demonstrate the percent of electricity offset by PV for both mixed fuel and all electric buildings over their respective federal minimum design package.

Figure 5. Medium Office – Annual Percent kWh Offset with 135 kW Array 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Climate Zone
Medium Office - Percent kWh Offset by PV
Mixed-Fuel All-Electric
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Figure 6. Medium Retail – Annual Percent kWh Offset with 110 kW Array Figure 7. Small Hotel – Annual Percent kWh Offset with 80 kW Array The costs for PV include first cost to purchase and install the system, inverter replacement costs, and annual maintenance costs. A summary of the medium office costs and sources is given in Figure 8.

Upfront solar PV system costs are reduced by the federal income tax credit (ITC), approximately 19 percent due to a phased reduction in the credit through the year 2022.12 12 The federal credit drops to 26% in 2020, and 22% in 2021 before dropping permanently to 10% for commercial projects and 0% for residential projects in 2022. More information on federal Investment Tax Credits available at:
https://www.seia.org/initiatives/solar-investment-tax-credit-itc 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Climate Zone
Medium Retail - Percent kWh Offset by PV
Mixed fuel All electric
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Climate Zone
Small Hotel - Percent kWh Offset by PV
Mixed Fuel All-Electric
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2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 8 2019-07-15
Figure 8. Medium Office Upfront PV Costs
Unit Cost Cost Useful Life (yrs.) Source
Solar PV System $2.30 / Wdc $310,500 30 National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Q1 201613
Inverter Replacement $0.15 / Wdc $20,250 10
E3 Rooftop Solar PV System Report14
Maintenance Costs $0.02 / Wdc $2,700 1
PV energy output is built into CBECC-Com and is based on NREL’s PVWatts calculator, which includes long term performance degradation estimates.15

3.2.2 Battery Storage
This measure includes installation of batteries to allow energy generated through PV to be stored and used later, providing additional energy cost benefits. This report does not focus on optimizing battery sizes or controls for each prototype and climate zone, though the Reach Code Team ran test simulations to assess the impact of battery sizes on TDV savings and found diminishing returns as the battery size increased.

The team set battery control to the Time of Use Control (TOU) method, which assumes batteries are charged anytime PV generation is greater than the building load but discharges to the electric grid beginning during the highest priced hours of the day (the “First Hour of the Summer Peak”). Because there is no default hour available in CBECC-Com, the team applied the default hour available in CBECC-Res to start discharging (hour 19 in CZs 2, 4, and 8-15, and hour 20 in other CZs). This control option is most reflective of the current products on the market. While this control strategy is being used in the analysis, there would be no mandate on the control strategy used in practice.

The current simulation software has approximations of how performance characteristics change with environmental conditions, charge/discharge rates, and degradation with age and use. More information is on the software battery control capabilities and associated qualification requirements are available in the Residential Alternative Calculation Method Reference Manual and the 2019 Reference Appendices for the 2019 Title 24 Standards.
16,17
The Reach Code Team used costs of $558 kWh based on a 2018 IOU Codes and Standards Program report, assuming a replacement is necessary in year 15.
18 Batteries are also eligible for the ITC if they are installed at the same time as the renewable generation source and at least 75 percent of the energy used to charge

13 Available at: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/66532.pdf 14 Available at: https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/getdocument.aspx?tn=221366 15 More information available at: https://pvwatts.nrel.gov/downloads/pvwattsv5.pdf 16 Battery controls are discussed in Sections 2.1.5.4 and Appendix D of the Residential Alternative Calculation Method Reference Manual, available here: https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/2019publications/CEC-400-2019-005/CEC-400-2019-005-CMF.pdf 17 Qualification Requirements for Battery Storage Systems are available in JA12 of the 2019 Reference Appendices:
https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/2018publications/CEC-400-2018-021/CEC-400-2018-021-CMF.pdf 18 Available at: http://localenergycodes.com/download/430/file_path/fieldList/PV%20Plus%20Battery%20Storage%20Report Page H-1.96
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 9 2019-07-15
the battery comes from a renewable source. Thus, the Reach Code Team also applied a 19 percent cost reduction to battery costs.

3.2.3 PV-only and PV+Battery Packages
The Reach Code Team analyzed solar PV and battery storage only, without other efficiency measures in both mixed-fuel and all-electric building designs. Two different sizes of solar PV and battery storage were analyzed.
♦ Small PV Size: 3 kW, assumed to be the minimal PV system considered for installation in a nonresidential building.
♦ Large PV Size: PV capacity equal to 15 W/ft2 over 50 percent of the roof area, or sized to nearly offset annual electricity consumption, as described in Section 3.2.1. ♦ Small Battery Size: 5 kWh, assumed to be the minimal battery system considered for installation in a nonresidential building, and representative of smaller products currently available on the market.
♦ Large Battery Size: 50 kWh, assumed to be a substantially large size for a nonresidential setting.

Generally, the reach code team found diminishing on-bill and TDV benefits as the battery size increased.

As described in Section 1 and Section 4.4, each PV size was run as a standalone measure. When packaged with a battery measure, the small PV size was paired with the small battery size, and the large PV size was paired with the large battery size.

3.3 All Electric Measures
The Reach Code Team investigated the cost and performance impacts and associated infrastructure costs associated with changing the baseline HVAC and water heating systems to all-electric equipment. This includes heat pump space heating, electric resistance reheat coils, electric water heater with storage tank, heat pump water heating, increasing electrical capacity, and eliminating natural gas connections that would have been present in mixed-fuel new construction. The Reach Code Team selected electric systems that would be installed instead of gas-fueled systems in each prototype.

3.3.1 HVAC and Water Heating
The nonresidential standards use a mixed-fuel baseline for the Standard Design systems. In most nonresidential occupancies, the baseline is natural gas space heating. Hotel/motels and high-rise residential occupancies also assume natural gas baseline water heating systems for the guest rooms and dwelling units. In the all-electric scenario, gas equipment serving these end-uses is replaced with electric equipment, as described in Figure 9.

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Figure 9. All-Electric HVAC and Water Heating Characteristics Summary.

Medium Office Medium Retail Small Hotel
HVAC
System
Baseline
Packaged DX + VAV
with HW reheat.

Central gas boilers.

Single zone
packaged DX with
gas furnaces
NonRes: Packaged DX + VAV with
HW reheat. Central gas boilers.

Res: Single zone DX AC unit with
gas furnaces
Proposed AllElectric
Packaged DX + VAV
with electric
resistance reheat.

Single zone
packaged heat
pumps
NonRes: Packaged DX + VAV with
electric resistance reheat
Res: Single zone heat pumps
Water
Heating
System
Baseline Electric resistance
with storage
Electric resistance
with storage
NonRes: Electric resistance
storage
Res: Central gas storage with
recirculation
Proposed AllElectricElectric resistance
with storage
Electric resistance
with storage
NonRes: Electric resistance
storage
Res: Individual heat pumps
The Reach Code Team received cost data for baseline mixed-fuel equipment as well as electric equipment from an experienced mechanical contractor in the San Francisco Bay Area. The total construction cost includes equipment and material, labor, subcontractors (for example, HVAC and SHW control systems), and contractor overhead.

3.3.1.1 Medium Office
The baseline HVAC system includes two gas hot water boilers, three packaged rooftop units, and VAV hot water reheat boxes. The SHW design includes one 8.75 kW electric resistance hot water heater with a 30- gallon storage tank.

For the medium office all-electric HVAC design, the Reach Code Team investigated several potential allelectric design options, including variable refrigerant flow, packaged heat pumps, and variable volume and temperature systems. After seeking feedback from the design community, the Reach Code Team determined that the most feasible all-electric HVAC system, given the software modeling constraints is a VAV system with an electric resistance reheat instead of hot water reheat coil. A parallel fan-powered box (PFPB) implementation of electric resistance reheat would further improve efficiency due to reducing ventilation requirements, but an accurate implementation of PFPBs is not currently available in compliance software.

Note that the actual natural gas consumption for the VAV hot water reheat baseline may be higher than the current simulation results due to a combination of boiler and hot water distribution losses. A recent research study shows that the total losses can account for as high as 80 percent of the boiler energy use.19

19 Raftery, P., A. Geronazzo, H. Cheng, and G. Paliaga. 2018. Quantifying energy losses in hot water reheat systems. Energy and Buildings, 179: 183-199. November. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.09.020. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3qs8f8qx
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If these losses are considered savings for the electric resistance reheat (which has zero associated distribution loss) may be higher.

The all-electric SHW system remains the same electric resistance water heater as the baseline and has no associated incremental costs.

Cost data for medium office designs are presented in Figure 10. The all-electric HVAC system presents cost savings compared to the hot water reheat system from elimination of the hot water boiler and associated hot water piping distribution. CZ10 and CZ15 all-electric design costs are slightly higher because they require larger size rooftop heat pumps than the other climate zones.

Figure 10. Medium Office HVAC System Costs
Climate Zone Mixed Fuel
Baseline All Electric System Incremental cost for All-Electric CZ01 $1,202,538 $1,106,432 $(96,106)
CZ02 $1,261,531 $1,178,983 $(82,548)
CZ03 $1,205,172 $1,113,989 $(91,183)
CZ04 $1,283,300 $1,205,434 $(77,865)
CZ05 $1,207,345 $1,113,989 $(93,356)
CZ06 $1,216,377 $1,131,371 $(85,006)
CZ07 $1,227,932 $1,148,754 $(79,178)
CZ08 $1,250,564 $1,172,937 $(77,626)
CZ09 $1,268,320 $1,196,365 $(71,955)
CZ10 $1,313,580 $1,256,825 $(56,755)
CZ11 $1,294,145 $1,221,305 $(72,840)
CZ12 $1,274,317 $1,197,121 $(77,196)
CZ13 $1,292,884 $1,221,305 $(71,579)
CZ14 $1,286,245 $1,212,236 $(74,009)
CZ15 $1,357,023 $1,311,994 $(45,029)
CZ16 $1,295,766 $1,222,817 $(72,949)

3.3.1.2 Medium Retail
The baseline HVAC system includes five packaged single zone rooftop ACs with gas furnaces. Based on fan control requirements in section 140.4(m), units with cooling capacity ≥ 65,000 Btu/h have variable air volume fans, while smaller units have constant volume fans. The SHW design includes one 8.75 kW electric resistance hot water heater with a 30-gallon storage tank.

For the medium retail all-electric HVAC design, the Reach Code Team assumed packaged heat pumps instead of the packaged ACs. The all-electric SHW system remains the same electric resistance water heater as the baseline and has no associated incremental costs.

Cost data for medium retail designs are presented in Figure 11. Costs for rooftop air-conditioning systems are very similar to rooftop heat pump systems.

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Figure 11. Medium Retail HVAC System Costs
Climate Zone Mixed Fuel
Baseline All Electric System Incremental cost for All-Electric CZ01 $328,312 $333,291 $4,978
CZ02 $373,139 $373,702 $563
CZ03 $322,849 $326,764 $3,915
CZ04 $329,900 $335,031 $5,131
CZ05 $359,888 $362,408 $2,520
CZ06 $335,728 $341,992 $6,265
CZ07 $345,544 $349,808 $4,265
CZ08 $368,687 $369,792 $1,104
CZ09 $415,155 $411,069 $(4,087)
CZ10 $345,993 $346,748 $755
CZ11 $418,721 $414,546 $(4,175)
CZ12 $405,110 $400,632 $(4,477)
CZ13 $376,003 $375,872 $(131)
CZ14 $405,381 $406,752 $1,371
CZ15 $429,123 $427,606 $(1,517)
CZ16 $401,892 $404,147 $2,256

3.3.1.3 Small Hotel
The small hotel has two different baseline equipment systems, one for the nonresidential spaces and one for the guest rooms. The nonresidential HVAC system includes two gas hot water boilers, four packaged rooftop units and twelve VAV terminal boxes with hot water reheat coil. The SHW design includes a small electric water heater with storage tank. The residential HVAC design includes one single zone AC unit with gas furnace for each guest room and the water heating design includes one central gas storage water heater with a recirculation pump for all guest rooms.

For the small hotel all-electric design, the Reach Code Team assumed the nonresidential HVAC system to be packaged heat pumps with electric resistance VAV terminal units, and the SHW system to remain a small electric resistance water heater.

For the guest room all-electric HVAC system, the analysis used a single zone (packaged terminal) heat pump and a central heat pump water heater serving all guest rooms. Central heat pump water heating with recirculation serving guest rooms cannot yet be modeled in CBECC-Com, and energy impacts were modeled by simulating individual heat pump water heaters in each guest room. The reach code team believes this is a conservative assumption, since individual heat pump water heaters will have much higher tank standby losses. The Reach Code Team attained costs for central heat pump water heating installation including storage tanks and controls and used these costs in the study.

Cost data for small hotel designs are presented in Figure 12. The all-electric design presents substantial cost savings because there is no hot water plant or piping distribution system serving the nonresidential spaces, as well as the lower cost of packaged terminal heat pumps serving the residential spaces compared to split DX/furnace systems with individual flues.

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Figure 12. Small Hotel HVAC and Water Heating System Costs Climate Zone Mixed Fuel
Baseline All Electric System Incremental cost for All-Electric CZ01 $2,337,531 $1,057,178 $(1,280,353)
CZ02 $2,328,121 $1,046,795 $(1,281,326)
CZ03 $2,294,053 $1,010,455 $(1,283,598)
CZ04 $2,302,108 $1,018,675 $(1,283,433)
CZ05 $2,298,700 $1,015,214 $(1,283,486)
CZ06 $2,295,380 $1,011,753 $(1,283,627)
CZ07 $2,308,004 $1,026,029 $(1,281,975)
CZ08 $2,333,662 $1,053,717 $(1,279,946)
CZ09 $2,312,099 $1,030,355 $(1,281,744)
CZ10 $2,354,093 $1,075,348 $(1,278,745)
CZ11 $2,347,980 $1,068,426 $(1,279,554)
CZ12 $2,328,654 $1,047,660 $(1,280,994)
CZ13 $2,348,225 $1,068,858 $(1,279,367)
CZ14 $2,345,988 $1,066,263 $(1,279,725)
CZ15 $2,357,086 $1,079,241 $(1,277,845)
CZ16 $2,304,094 $1,019,973 $(1,284,121)

3.3.2 Infrastructure Impacts
Electric heating appliances and equipment often require a larger electrical connection than an equivalent natural gas appliance because of the higher voltage and amperage necessary to electrically generate heat.

Thus, many buildings may require larger electrical capacity than a comparable building with natural gas appliances. This includes:
♦ Electric resistance VAV space heating in the medium office and common area spaces of the small hotel.
♦ Heat pump water heating for the guest room spaces of the small hotel.

3.3.2.1 Electrical Panel Sizing and Wiring
This section details the additional electrical panel sizing and wiring required for all-electric measures. In an all-electric new construction scenario, heat pumps replace packaged DX units which are paired with either a gas furnace or a hot water coil (supplied by a gas boiler). The electrical requirements of the replacement heat pump would be the same as the packaged DX unit it replaces, as the electrical requirements would be driven by the cooling capacity, which would remain the same between the two units.

VAV terminal units with hot water reheat coils that are replaced with electric resistance reheat coils require additional electrical infrastructure. In the case of electric resistance coils, the Reach Code Team assumed that on average, a VAV terminal unit serves around 900 ft2 of conditioned space and has a heating capacity of 5 kW (15 kBtu/hr/ft2
). The incremental electrical infrastructure costs were determined based on RS Means. Calculations for the medium office shown in Figure 13 include the cost to add electrical panels as well as the cost to add electrical lines to each VAV terminal unit electric resistance coil in the medium office prototype. Additionally, the Reach Code Team subtracted the electrical infrastructure costs associated with hot water pumps required in the mixed fuel baseline, which are not required in the all-electric measures.

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The Reach Code Team calculated costs to increase electrical capacity for heat pump water heaters in the small hotel similarly.

Figure 13. Medium Office Electrical Infrastructure Costs for All-Electric Design A - No. VAV Boxes 60
B - VAV box heating capacity (watts) 4,748
C - No. hot water pumps 2
D - Hot water pump power (watts) 398
E - Voltage 208
F (AxB - CxD)/E Panel ampacity required 1,366
G F/400 Number of 400-amp panels required 4
H - Cost per 400-amp panel $3,100
I GxH Total panel cost $12,400
J - Total electrical line length required (ft) 4,320
K - Cost per linear foot of electrical line $3.62
L JxK Total electrical line cost $15,402
I + L Total electrical infrastructure incremental cost $27,802

3.3.2.2 Natural Gas
This analysis assumes that in an all-electric new construction scenario natural gas would not be supplied to the site. Eliminating natural gas in new construction would save costs associated with connecting a service line from the street main to the building, piping distribution within the building, and monthly connection charges by the utility.

The Reach Code Team determined that for a new construction building with natural gas piping, there is a service line (branch connection) from the natural gas main to the building meter. In the medium office prototype, natural gas piping is routed to the boiler. The Reach Code Team assumed that the boiler is on the first floor, and that 30 feet of piping is required from the connection to the main to the boiler. The Reach Code Team assumed 1” corrugated stainless steel tubing (CSST) material is used for the plumbing distribution. The Reach Code Team included costs for a natural gas plan review, service extension, and a gas meter, as shown in Figure 14 below. The natural gas plan review cost is based on information received from the City of Palo Alto Utilities. The meter costs are from PG&E and include both material and labor.

The service extension costs are based on guidance from PG&E, who noted that the cost range is highly varied and that there is no “typical” cost, with costs being highly dependent on length of extension, terrain, whether the building is in a developed or undeveloped area, and number of buildings to be served. While an actual service extension cost is highly uncertain, the team believes the costs assumed in this analysis are within a reasonable range based on a sample range of costs provided by PG&E. These costs assume development in a previously developed area.

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Figure 14. Natural Gas Infrastructure Cost Savings for All-Electric Prototypes Cost Type Medium Office Medium Retail Small Hotel
Natural Gas Plan Review $2,316 $2,316 $2,316
Service Extension $13,000 $13,000 $13,000
Meter $3,000 $3,000 $3,000
Plumbing Distribution $633 $9,711 $37,704
Total Cost $18,949 $28,027 $56,020

3.4 Preempted High Efficiency Appliances
The Reach Code Team developed a package of high efficiency (HE) space and water heating appliances based on commonly available products for both the mixed-fuel and all-electric scenarios. This package assesses the standalone contribution that high efficiency measures would make toward achieving high performance thresholds. The Reach Code Team reviewed the Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) certified product database to estimate appropriate efficiencies.20 The Reach Code Team determined the efficiency increases to be appropriate based on equipment type, summarized in Figure 15, with cost premiums attained from a Bay Area mechanical contractor. The ranges in efficiency are indicative of varying federal standard requirements based on equipment size.

Figure 15. High Efficiency Appliance Assumptions
Federal Minimum Efficiency Preempted Efficiency Cost Premium for HE Appliance
Gas space heating and
water heating 80-82% 90-95% 10-15%
Large packaged rooftop
cooling

9.8-12 EER

11.4-12.9 IEER

10.5-13 EER
15-15.5 IEER
10-15%
Single zone heat pump
space heating

7.7 HSPF

3.2 COP
10 HSPF

3.5 COP
6-15%
Heat pump water heating 2.0 UEF 3.3 UEF None (market does not carry 2.0 UEF)

3.5 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
The analysis uses the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions estimates from Zero Code reports available in CBECC-Com.21 Zero Code uses 8760 hourly multipliers accounting for time dependent energy use and carbon emissions based on source emissions, including renewable portfolio standard projections. Fugitive 20 Available at: https://www.ahridirectory.org/Search/SearchHome?ReturnUrl=%2f 21 More information available at: https://zero-code.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/ZERO-Code-TSD-California.pdf Page H-1.103
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emissions are not included. There are two strings of multipliers – one for Northern California climate zones, and another for Southern California climate zones.22 4 Results
The Reach Code Team evaluated cost effectiveness of the following measure packages over a 2019 mixedfuel code compliant baseline for all climate zones, as detailed in Sections 4.1 -- 4.3 and reiterated in Figure 16:
♦ Package 1A – Mixed-Fuel + EE: Mixed-fuel design with energy efficiency measures and federal minimum appliance efficiencies.
♦ Package 1B – Mixed-Fuel + EE + PV + B: Same as Package 1A, plus solar PV and batteries. ♦ Package 1C – Mixed-fuel + HE: Alternative design with high efficiency appliances, triggering federal preemption.
♦ Package 2 – All-Electric Federal Code-Minimum Reference: All-electric design with federal code minimum appliance efficiency. No solar PV or battery.
♦ Package 3A – All-Electric + EE: All-electric design with energy efficiency measures and federal minimum appliance efficiencies.
♦ Package 3B – All-Electric + EE + PV + B: Same as Package 3A, plus solar PV and batteries. ♦ Package 3C – All-Electric + HE: All-electric design with high efficiency appliances, triggering federal preemption.

Figure 16. Package Summary
Package
Fuel Type Energy
Efficiency
Measures
PV & Battery
(PV + B)
High Efficiency
Appliances
Mixed (HE) Fuel All-Electric
Mixed-Fuel Code Minimum
Baseline X
1A – Mixed-Fuel + EE X X
1B – Mixed-Fuel + EE + PV + B X X X
1C – Mixed-fuel + HE X X
2 – All-Electric Federal CodeMinimum Reference X
3A – All-Electric + EE X X
3B – All-Electric + EE + PV + B X X X
3C – All-Electric + HE X X

22 CBECC-Com documentation does not state which climate zones fall under which region. CBECC-Res multipliers are the same for CZs 1-5 and 11-13 (presumed to be Northern California), while there is another set of multipliers for CZs 6-10 and 14-16 (assumed to be Southern California).

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Section 4.4 presents the results of the PV-only and PV+Battery analysis.

The TDV and on-bill based cost effectiveness results are presented in terms of B/C ratio and NPV in this section. What constitutes a ‘benefit’ or a ‘cost’ varies with the scenarios because both energy savings and incremental construction costs may be negative depending on the package. Typically, utility bill savings are categorized as a ‘benefit’ while incremental construction costs are treated as ‘costs.’ In cases where both construction costs are negative and utility bill savings are negative, the construction cost savings are treated as the ‘benefit’ while the utility bill negative savings are as the ‘cost.’ Overarching factors to keep in mind when reviewing the results include:
♦ To pass the Energy Commission’s application process, local reach codes must both be cost effective and exceed the energy performance budget using TDV (i.e., have a positive compliance margin). To emphasize these two important factors, the figures in this Section highlight in green the modeling results that have either a positive compliance margin or are cost effective. This will allow readers to identify whether a scenario is fully or partially supportive of a reach code, and the opportunities/challenges that the scenario presents. Conversely, Section 4.4 only highlights results that both have a positive compliance margin and are cost effective, to allow readers to identify reach code-ready scenarios.
♦ Note: Compliance margin represents the proportion of energy usage that is saved compared to the baseline, measured on a TDV basis.
♦ The Energy Commission does not currently allow compliance credit for either solar PV or battery storage. Thus, the compliance margins in Packages 1A are the same as 1B, and Package 3A is the same as 3B. However, The Reach Code Team did include the impact of solar PV and battery when calculating TDV cost-effectiveness.
♦ When performance modeling residential buildings, the Energy Commission allows the Standard Design to be electric if the Proposed Design is electric, which removes TDV-related penalties and associated negative compliance margins. This essentially allows for a compliance pathway for allelectric residential buildings. Nonresidential buildings are not treated in the same way and are compared to a mixed-fuel standard design.
♦ Results do not include an analysis and comparison of utility rates. As mentioned in Section 2.2, The Reach Code Team coordinated with utilities to select tariffs for each prototype given the annual energy demand profile and the most prevalent rates in each utility territory. The Reach Code Team did not compare a variety of tariffs to determine their impact on cost effectiveness.

Note that most utility time-of-use rates are continuously updated, which can affect cost effectiveness results.
♦ As a point of comparison, mixed-fuel baseline energy figures are provided in Appendix 6.5.

4.1 Cost Effectiveness Results – Medium Office
Figure 17 through Figure 23 contain the cost-effectiveness findings for the Medium Office packages.

Notable findings for each package include:
♦ 1A – Mixed-Fuel + EE: Packages achieve +12 to +20 percent compliance margins depending on climate zone. All packages are cost effective in all climate zones using the TDV approach. All packages are cost effective using the On-Bill approach except for LADWP territory.

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♦ 1B – Mixed-Fuel + EE + PV + B: All packages are cost effective using the On-Bill and TDV approaches, except On-Bill in LADWP territory. When compared to 1A, the B/C ratio changes depending on the utility and climate zone (some increase while others decrease). However, NPV savings are increased across the board, suggesting that larger investments yield larger returns. ♦ 1C – Mixed-Fuel + HE: Packages achieve +3 to +5 percent compliance margins depending on climate zone, but no packages were cost effective. The incremental costs of a high efficiency condensing boiler compared to a non-condensing boiler contributes to 26-47% of total incremental cost depending on boiler size. Benefits of condensing boiler efficiency come from resetting hot water return temperature as boiler efficiency increases at lower hot water temperature. However, hot water temperature reset control cannot currently be implemented in the software. In addition, the natural gas energy cost constitutes no more than 5% of total cost for 15 climate zones, so improving boiler efficiency has limited contribution to reduction of total energy cost.
♦ 2 – All-Electric Federal Code-Minimum Reference:
♦ Packages achieve between -27 percent and +1 percent compliance margins depending on climate zone. This is likely because the modeled system is electric resistance, and TDV values electricity consumption more heavily than natural gas. This all-electric design without other efficiency measures does not comply with the Energy Commission’s TDV performance budget. ♦ All incremental costs are negative due to the elimination of natural gas infrastructure. ♦ Packages achieve utility cost savings and are cost effective using the On-Bill approach in CZs 6- 10 and 14-15. Packages do not achieve savings and are not cost effective using the On-Bill approach in most of PG&E territory (CZs 1,2,4, 11-13, and 16). Packages achieve savings and are cost effective using TDV in all climate zones except CZ16. ♦ 3A – All-Electric + EE: Packages achieve positive compliance margins except -15 percent in CZ16, which has a higher space heating load than other climate zones. All packages are cost effective in all climate zones except CZ16.
♦ 3B – All-Electric + EE + PV + B: Packages achieve positive compliance margins except -15 percent in CZ16. All packages are cost-effective from a TDV perspective in all climate zones. All packages are cost effective from an On-Bill perspective in all climate zones except in CZ 2 and CZ 16 in LADWP territory.
♦ 3C – All-Electric + HE: Packages achieve between -26 percent and +2 percent compliance margins depending on climate zone. The only packages that are cost effective and with a positive compliance margin are in CZs 7-9 and 15. As described in Package 1C results, space heating is a relatively low proportion of energy costs in most climate zones, limiting the costs gains for higher efficiency equipment.

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Figure 17. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office Package 1A – Mixed-Fuel + EE CZ Utility
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas Savings
(therms)
GHG Reductions
(mtons)
Compliance
Margin
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Utility Cost
Savings
$TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV
(On-bill)
NPV
(TDV)
Package 1A: Mixed Fuel + EE
CZ01 PG&E 34,421 -808 4.5 18% $66,649 $125,902 $71,307 1.9 1.1 $59,253 $4,658 CZ02 PG&E 40,985 -505 8.1 17% $66,649 $163,655 $99,181 2.5 1.5 $97,005 $32,532 CZ03 PG&E 36,266 -463 7.0 20% $66,649 $141,897 $84,051 2.1 1.3 $75,248 $17,401 CZ04 PG&E 40,590 -547 7.7 14% $66,649 $162,139 $95,410 2.4 1.4 $95,489 $28,761 CZ04-2 CPAU 40,590 -547 7.7 14% $66,649 $85,537 $95,410 1.3 1.4 $18,887 $28,761 CZ05 PG&E 38,888 -499 7.4 18% $66,649 $154,044 $91,115 2.3 1.4 $87,395 $24,465 CZ05-2 SCG 38,888 -499 7.4 18% $66,649 $156,315 $91,115 2.3 1.4 $89,665 $24,465 CZ06 SCE 39,579 -305 8.7 20% $66,649 $86,390 $100,469 1.3 1.5 $19,741 $33,820 CZ06-2 LADWP 39,579 -305 8.7 20% $66,649 $51,828 $100,469 0.8 1.5 ($14,821) $33,820 CZ07 SDG&E 41,817 -6 11.3 20% $66,649 $204,394 $112,497 3.1 1.7 $137,745 $45,848 CZ08 SCE 41,637 -60 10.8 18% $66,649 $89,783 $113,786 1.3 1.7 $23,134 $47,137 CZ08-2 LADWP 41,637 -60 10.8 18% $66,649 $54,876 $113,786 0.8 1.7 ($11,773) $47,137 CZ09 SCE 42,539 -210 10.1 16% $66,649 $95,636 $115,647 1.4 1.7 $28,987 $48,998 CZ09-2 LADWP 42,539 -210 10.1 16% $66,649 $58,168 $115,647 0.9 1.7 ($8,481) $48,998 CZ10 SDG&E 41,857 -216 9.8 17% $66,649 $210,303 $108,726 3.2 1.6 $143,654 $42,077 CZ10-2 SCE 41,857 -216 9.8 17% $66,649 $92,736 $108,726 1.4 1.6 $26,087 $42,077 CZ11 PG&E 42,523 -390 9.1 13% $66,649 $166,951 $104,001 2.5 1.6 $100,301 $37,352 CZ12 PG&E 41,521 -466 8.4 14% $66,649 $161,594 $100,135 2.4 1.5 $94,945 $33,486 CZ12-2 SMUD 41,521 -466 8.4 14% $66,649 $71,734 $100,135 1.1 1.5 $5,085 $33,486 CZ13 PG&E 42,898 -434 9.0 13% $66,649 $169,107 $99,992 2.5 1.5 $102,457 $33,343 CZ14 SDG&E 42,224 -441 8.6 14% $66,649 $211,529 $106,913 3.2 1.6 $144,880 $40,264 CZ14-2 SCE 42,224 -441 8.6 14% $66,649 $95,809 $106,913 1.4 1.6 $29,160 $40,264 CZ15 SCE 45,723 -147 11.2 12% $66,649 $102,714 $118,034 1.5 1.8 $36,065 $51,384 CZ16 PG&E 37,758 -736 5.8 14% $66,649 $145,947 $79,755 2.2 1.2 $79,297 $13,106 CZ16-2 LADWP 37,758 -736 5.8 14% $66,649 $40,115 $79,755 0.6 1.2 ($26,534) $13,106 Page H-1.107
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Figure 18. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office Package 1B – Mixed-Fuel + EE + PV + B CZ Utility
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(mtons)
Compliance
Margin (%)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
$-TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Mixed Fuel + PV + Battery
CZ01 PG&E 211,225 -808 39.9 18% $397,405 $645,010 $454,284 1.6 1.1 $247,605 $56,879 CZ02 PG&E 255,787 -505 50.6 17% $397,405 $819,307 $573,033 2.1 1.4 $421,902 $175,628 CZ03 PG&E 245,421 -463 48.8 20% $397,405 $777,156 $536,330 2.0 1.3 $379,751 $138,925 CZ04 PG&E 267,612 -547 52.7 14% $397,405 $836,221 $597,471 2.1 1.5 $438,816 $200,066 CZ04-2 CPAU 267,612 -547 52.7 14% $397,405 $621,879 $597,471 1.6 1.5 $224,474 $200,066 CZ05 PG&E 264,581 -499 52.5 18% $397,405 $897,216 $578,856 2.3 1.5 $499,811 $181,451 CZ05-2 SCG 264,581 -499 52.5 18% $397,405 $899,487 $578,856 2.3 1.5 $502,082 $181,451 CZ06 SCE 257,474 -305 52.1 20% $397,405 $484,229 $594,416 1.2 1.5 $86,824 $197,011 CZ06-2 LA 257,474 -305 52.1 20% $397,405 $282,360 $594,416 0.7 1.5 ($115,045) $197,011 CZ07 SDG&E 264,530 -6 55.7 20% $397,405 $817,528 $610,548 2.1 1.5 $420,123 $213,143 CZ08 SCE 258,348 -60 54.0 18% $397,405 $479,073 $625,249 1.2 1.6 $81,668 $227,844 CZ08-2 LA 258,348 -60 54.0 18% $397,405 $275,704 $625,249 0.7 1.6 ($121,701) $227,844 CZ09 SCE 262,085 -210 54.3 16% $397,405 $480,241 $622,528 1.2 1.6 $82,836 $225,123 CZ09-2 LA 262,085 -210 54.3 16% $397,405 $282,209 $622,528 0.7 1.6 ($115,196) $225,123 CZ10 SDG&E 258,548 -216 53.4 17% $397,405 $839,931 $595,323 2.1 1.5 $442,526 $197,918 CZ10-2 SCE 258,548 -216 53.4 17% $397,405 $485,523 $595,323 1.2 1.5 $88,118 $197,918 CZ11 PG&E 253,623 -390 50.9 13% $397,405 $826,076 $585,682 2.1 1.5 $428,671 $188,277 CZ12 PG&E 252,868 -466 50.3 14% $397,405 $802,715 $582,866 2.0 1.5 $405,310 $185,461 CZ12-2 SMUD 252,868 -466 50.3 14% $397,405 $415,597 $582,866 1.0 1.5 $18,192 $185,461 CZ13 PG&E 250,915 -434 50.4 13% $397,405 $806,401 $573,606 2.0 1.4 $408,996 $176,201 CZ14 SDG&E 283,684 -441 56.4 14% $397,405 $874,753 $676,271 2.2 1.7 $477,348 $278,866 CZ14-2 SCE 283,684 -441 56.4 14% $397,405 $493,888 $676,271 1.2 1.7 $96,483 $278,866 CZ15 SCE 274,771 -147 56.0 12% $397,405 $476,327 $640,379 1.2 1.6 $78,922 $242,974 CZ16 PG&E 266,490 -736 51.8 14% $397,405 $842,205 $575,563 2.1 1.4 $444,800 $178,158 CZ16-2 LA 266,490 -736 51.8 14% $397,405 $260,372 $575,563 0.7 1.4 ($137,033) $178,158 Page H-1.108
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 21 2019-07-15
Figure 19. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office Package 1C – Mixed-Fuel + HE CZ Utility
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas Savings
(therms)
GHG
Reductions
(mtons)
Compliance
Margin
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Utility Cost
Savings
$TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Package 1C: Mixed Fuel + HE
CZ01 PG&E 288 688 4.1 3% $61,253 $18,656 $12,314 0.3 0.2 ($42,597) ($48,939) CZ02 PG&E 3,795 550 4.3 4% $68,937 $36,683 $24,676 0.5 0.4 ($32,254) ($44,261) CZ03 PG&E 1,241 439 2.9 3% $57,529 $20,150 $11,885 0.4 0.2 ($37,379) ($45,644) CZ04 PG&E 5,599 529 4.7 5% $72,074 $44,915 $30,928 0.6 0.4 ($27,158) ($41,145) CZ04-2 CPAU 5,599 529 4.7 5% $72,074 $24,175 $30,928 0.3 0.4 ($47,898) ($41,145) CZ05 PG&E 3,470 453 3.6 4% $60,330 $35,072 $18,232 0.6 0.3 ($25,258) ($42,097) CZ05-2 SCG 3,470 453 3.6 4% $60,330 $32,777 $18,232 0.5 0.3 ($27,553) ($42,097) CZ06 SCE 3,374 298 2.6 3% $55,594 $19,446 $16,132 0.3 0.3 ($36,148) ($39,462) CZ06-2 LADWP 3,374 298 2.6 3% $55,594 $13,450 $16,132 0.2 0.3 ($42,145) ($39,462) CZ07 SDG&E 5,257 140 2.3 4% $54,111 $41,086 $19,903 0.8 0.4 ($13,025) ($34,208) CZ08 SCE 5,921 176 2.7 4% $60,497 $22,210 $24,055 0.4 0.4 ($38,287) ($36,442) CZ08-2 LADWP 5,921 176 2.7 4% $60,497 $14,064 $24,055 0.2 0.4 ($46,434) ($36,442) CZ09 SCE 7,560 224 3.5 4% $61,311 $28,576 $31,835 0.5 0.5 ($32,735) ($29,476) CZ09-2 LADWP 7,560 224 3.5 4% $61,311 $18,262 $31,835 0.3 0.5 ($43,049) ($29,476) CZ10 SDG&E 5,786 288 3.2 4% $62,685 $50,717 $24,628 0.8 0.4 ($11,968) ($38,057) CZ10-2 SCE 5,786 288 3.2 4% $62,685 $24,575 $24,628 0.4 0.4 ($38,110) ($38,057) CZ11 PG&E 8,128 441 4.9 5% $71,101 $54,188 $37,849 0.8 0.5 ($16,912) ($33,252) CZ12 PG&E 6,503 478 4.7 5% $68,329 $47,329 $34,556 0.7 0.5 ($20,999) ($33,773) CZ12-2 SMUD 6,503 478 4.7 5% $68,329 $24,003 $34,556 0.4 0.5 ($44,325) ($33,773) CZ13 PG&E 8,398 432 5.0 5% $69,474 $51,347 $37,229 0.7 0.5 ($18,128) ($32,246) CZ14 SDG&E 7,927 470 5.0 5% $69,463 $62,744 $37,133 0.9 0.5 ($6,718) ($32,329) CZ14-2 SCE 7,927 470 5.0 5% $69,463 $32,517 $37,133 0.5 0.5 ($36,946) ($32,329) CZ15 SCE 15,140 219 5.5 5% $66,702 $43,773 $52,359 0.7 0.8 ($22,929) ($14,344) CZ16 PG&E 3,111 912 6.3 5% $71,765 $36,002 $24,914 0.5 0.3 ($35,763) ($46,851) CZ16-2 LADWP 3,111 912 6.3 5% $71,765 $23,057 $24,914 0.3 0.3 ($48,708) ($46,851) Page H-1.109
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 22 2019-07-15
Figure 20. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office Package 2 – All-Electric Federal Code Minimum CZ Utility
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas Savings
(therms)
GHG
Reductions
(mtons)
Compliance
Margin
Incremental
Package
Cost*
Lifecycle
Utility Cost
Savings
$TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Package 2: All-Electric Federal Code Minimum
CZ01 PG&E -53,657 4967 10.1 -15% ($87,253) ($98,237) ($58,420) 0.9 1.5 ($10,984) $28,833 CZ02 PG&E -49,684 3868 5.0 -7% ($73,695) ($101,605) ($41,429) 0.7 1.8 ($27,910) $32,266 CZ03 PG&E -35,886 3142 5.6 -7% ($82,330) ($57,345) ($29,592) 1.4 2.8 $24,986 $52,738 CZ04 PG&E -48,829 3759 4.7 -6% ($69,012) ($90,527) ($40,570) 0.8 1.7 ($21,515) $28,443 CZ04-2 CPAU -48,829 3759 4.7 -6% ($69,012) ($19,995) ($40,570) 3.5 1.7 $49,018 $28,443 CZ05 PG&E -40,531 3240 4.5 -8% ($84,503) ($63,663) ($39,997) 1.3 2.1 $20,840 $44,506 CZ06 SCE -26,174 2117 3.1 -4% ($76,153) $24,908 ($20,571) >1 3.7 $101,061 $55,581 CZ06-2 LADWP -26,174 2117 3.1 -4% ($76,153) $26,366 ($20,571) >1 3.7 $102,518 $55,581 CZ07 SDG&E -12,902 950 0.9 -2% ($70,325) $46,879 ($11,407) >1 6.2 $117,204 $58,918 CZ08 SCE -15,680 1219 1.5 -2% ($68,774) $17,859 ($12,648) >1 5.4 $86,633 $56,125 CZ08-2 LADWP -15,680 1219 1.5 -2% ($68,774) $18,603 ($12,648) >1 5.4 $87,376 $56,125 CZ09 SCE -19,767 1605 2.4 -2% ($63,102) $20,920 ($14,462) >1 4.4 $84,022 $48,640 CZ09-2 LADWP -19,767 1605 2.4 -2% ($63,102) $21,929 ($14,462) >1 4.4 $85,030 $48,640 CZ10 SDG&E -27,414 2053 2.2 -4% ($47,902) $38,918 ($23,339) >1 2.1 $86,820 $24,562 CZ10-2 SCE -27,414 2053 2.2 -4% ($47,902) $20,765 ($23,339) >1 2.1 $68,666 $24,562 CZ11 PG&E -40,156 3062 3.6 -4% ($63,987) ($72,791) ($32,837) 0.9 1.9 ($8,804) $31,150 CZ12 PG&E -43,411 3327 4.1 -5% ($68,343) ($85,856) ($35,463) 0.8 1.9 ($17,512) $32,880 CZ12-2 SMUD -43,411 3327 4.1 -5% ($68,343) ($5,109) ($35,463) 13.4 1.9 $63,234 $32,880 CZ13 PG&E -39,649 3063 3.8 -4% ($62,726) ($70,705) ($32,408) 0.9 1.9 ($7,980) $30,318 CZ14 SDG&E -44,322 3266 3.4 -5% ($65,156) $6,043 ($38,422) >1 1.7 $71,199 $26,735 CZ14-2 SCE -44,322 3266 3.4 -5% ($65,156) $4,798 ($38,422) >1 1.7 $69,954 $26,735 CZ15 SCE -19,917 1537 1.8 -2% ($36,176) $12,822 ($15,464) >1 2.3 $48,998 $20,711 CZ16 PG&E -94,062 6185 5.6 -27% ($64,096) ($212,158) ($150,871) 0.3 0.4 ($148,062) ($86,775) CZ16-2 LADWP -94,062 6185 5.6 -27% ($64,096) $1,493 ($150,871) >1 0.4 $65,589 ($86,775) * The Incremental Package Cost is equal to the sum of the incremental HVAC and water heating equipment costs from Figure 10, the electrical infrastructure incremental cost of $27,802 (see section 3.3.2.1), and the natural gas infrastructure incremental costs of $(18,949) (see section 3.3.2.2).

Page H-1.110
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 23 2019-07-15
Figure 21. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office Package 3A – All-Electric + EE CZ Utility
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas Savings
(therms)
GHG
Reductions
(mtons)
Compliance
Margin
Incremental
Package
Cost
Lifecycle
Utility Cost
Savings
$TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Package 3A: All-Electric + EE
CZ01 PG&E -19,115 4967 19.4 7% ($20,604) $20,630 $28,112 >1 >1 $41,234 $48,716 CZ02 PG&E -11,811 3868 15.2 10% ($7,046) $39,260 $58,563 >1 >1 $46,306 $65,609 CZ03 PG&E 2,530 3142 16.2 16% ($15,681) $85,241 $68,682 >1 >1 $100,922 $84,363 CZ04 PG&E -10,839 3759 14.8 9% ($2,363) $59,432 $58,420 >1 >1 $61,795 $60,783 CZ04-2 CPAU -10,839 3759 14.8 9% ($2,363) $70,680 $58,420 >1 >1 $73,043 $60,783 CZ05 PG&E -2,316 3240 14.6 12% ($17,854) $85,380 $58,802 >1 >1 $103,234 $76,656 CZ06 SCE 15,399 2117 14.3 18% ($9,503) $114,962 $89,921 >1 >1 $124,466 $99,425 CZ06-2 LADWP 15,399 2117 14.3 18% ($9,503) $82,389 $89,921 >1 >1 $91,893 $99,425 CZ07 SDG&E 33,318 950 13.8 20% ($3,676) $256,704 $111,399 >1 >1 $260,380 $115,076 CZ08 SCE 30,231 1219 14.2 18% ($2,124) $110,144 $111,781 >1 >1 $112,268 $113,906 CZ08-2 LADWP 30,231 1219 14.2 18% ($2,124) $76,069 $111,781 >1 >1 $78,194 $113,906 CZ09 SCE 24,283 1605 14.3 15% $3,547 $119,824 $108,249 33.8 30.5 $116,277 $104,702 CZ09-2 LADWP 24,283 1605 14.3 15% $3,547 $83,549 $108,249 23.6 30.5 $80,001 $104,702 CZ10 SDG&E 12,344 2053 12.6 13% $18,748 $230,553 $82,905 12.3 4.4 $211,806 $64,158 CZ10-2 SCE 12,344 2053 12.6 13% $18,748 $105,898 $82,905 5.6 4.4 $87,150 $64,158 CZ11 PG&E 929 3062 14.5 10% $2,662 $85,988 $75,030 32.3 28.2 $83,326 $72,368 CZ12 PG&E -3,419 3327 14.8 10% ($1,694) $68,866 $69,589 >1 >1 $70,560 $71,283 CZ12-2 SMUD -3,419 3327 14.8 10% ($1,694) $71,761 $69,589 >1 >1 $73,455 $71,283 CZ13 PG&E 1,398 3063 14.8 9% $3,923 $89,799 $71,307 22.9 18.2 $85,875 $67,384 CZ14 SDG&E -5,469 3266 13.5 9% $1,493 $206,840 $69,016 138.6 46.2 $205,347 $67,523 CZ14-2 SCE -5,469 3266 13.5 9% $1,493 $94,143 $69,016 63.1 46.2 $92,650 $67,523 CZ15 SCE 25,375 1537 13.7 10% $30,474 $114,909 $104,335 3.8 3.4 $84,435 $73,862 CZ16 PG&E -65,877 6185 12.7 -15% $2,553 ($91,477) ($85,673) -35.8 -33.6 ($94,030) ($88,226) CZ16-2 LADWP -65,877 6185 12.7 -15% $2,553 $72,780 ($85,673) 28.5 -33.6 $70,227 ($88,226) Page H-1.111
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 24 2019-07-15
Figure 22. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office Package 3B – All-Electric + EE + PV + B CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(mtons)
Compliance
Margin (%)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy
Cost
Savings
$-TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill) NPV (TDV)
All-Electric + PV + B
CZ01 PG&E 157,733 4967 54.9 7% $310,152 $518,421 $410,946 1.7 1.3 $208,269 $100,794 CZ02 PG&E 203,026 3868 57.8 10% $323,710 $692,336 $532,273 2.1 1.6 $368,626 $208,563 CZ03 PG&E 211,706 3142 58.0 16% $315,075 $708,235 $520,866 2.2 1.7 $393,160 $205,791 CZ04 PG&E 216,204 3759 59.9 9% $328,393 $741,382 $560,576 2.3 1.7 $412,989 $232,183 CZ04-2 CPAU 216,204 3759 59.9 9% $328,393 $607,074 $560,576 1.8 1.7 $278,681 $232,183 CZ05 PG&E 223,399 3240 59.8 12% $312,902 $799,992 $546,592 2.6 1.7 $487,090 $233,690 CZ06 SCE 233,299 2117 57.7 18% $321,252 $509,969 $583,963 1.6 1.8 $188,716 $262,711 CZ06-2 LA 233,299 2117 57.7 18% $321,252 $311,931 $583,963 1.0 1.8 ($9,322) $262,711 CZ07 SDG&E 256,034 950 58.3 20% $327,079 $870,156 $609,498 2.7 1.9 $543,076 $282,419 CZ08 SCE 246,944 1219 57.4 18% $328,631 $499,506 $623,292 1.5 1.9 $170,874 $294,661 CZ08-2 LA 246,944 1219 57.4 18% $328,631 $296,991 $623,292 0.9 1.9 ($31,640) $294,661 CZ09 SCE 243,838 1605 58.5 15% $334,303 $504,498 $615,178 1.5 1.8 $170,195 $280,875 CZ09-2 LA 243,838 1605 58.5 15% $334,303 $307,626 $615,178 0.9 1.8 ($26,677) $280,875 CZ10 SDG&E 229,044 2053 56.2 13% $349,503 $851,810 $569,549 2.4 1.6 $502,306 $220,046 CZ10-2 SCE 229,044 2053 56.2 13% $349,503 $491,383 $569,549 1.4 1.6 $141,880 $220,046 CZ11 PG&E 212,047 3062 56.4 10% $333,418 $743,403 $556,758 2.2 1.7 $409,985 $223,340 CZ12 PG&E 207,955 3327 56.7 10% $329,062 $713,054 $552,415 2.2 1.7 $383,993 $223,353 CZ12-2 SMUD 207,955 3327 56.7 10% $329,062 $414,371 $552,415 1.3 1.7 $85,310 $223,353 CZ13 PG&E 209,431 3063 56.3 9% $334,679 $728,822 $544,969 2.2 1.6 $394,143 $210,289 CZ14 SDG&E 236,002 3266 61.3 9% $332,249 $865,181 $638,517 2.6 1.9 $532,933 $306,269 CZ14-2 SCE 236,002 3266 61.3 9% $332,249 $488,163 $638,517 1.5 1.9 $155,914 $306,269 CZ15 SCE 254,426 1537 58.5 10% $361,229 $487,715 $626,728 1.4 1.7 $126,486 $265,499 CZ16 PG&E 162,915 6185 58.6 -15% $333,309 $580,353 $406,746 1.7 1.2 $247,044 $73,437 CZ16-2 LA 162,915 6185 58.6 -15% $333,309 $290,566 $406,746 0.9 1.2 ($42,742) $73,437 Page H-1.112
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 25 2019-07-15
Figure 23. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office Package 3C – All-Electric + HE CZ Utility
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
Reductions
(mtons)
Compliance
Margin
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Utility Cost
Savings
$TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill) NPV (TDV)
Package 3C: All-Electric + HE
CZ01 PG&E -53,390 4967 10.2 -14% ($43,987) ($93,740) ($57,752) 0.5 0.8 ($49,753) ($13,765) CZ02 PG&E -45,916 3868 6.1 -5% ($22,722) ($77,212) ($26,394) 0.3 0.9 ($54,490) ($3,672) CZ03 PG&E -34,656 3142 6.0 -6% ($38,261) ($45,796) ($25,153) 0.8 1.5 ($7,535) $13,108 CZ04 PG&E -43,248 3759 6.3 -3% ($15,229) ($56,932) ($18,996) 0.3 0.8 ($41,703) ($3,767) CZ04-2 CPAU -43,248 3759 6.3 -3% ($15,229) ($5,298) ($18,996) 2.9 0.8 $9,932 ($3,767) CZ05 PG&E -37,068 3240 5.4 -6% ($40,434) ($38,330) ($29,544) 1.1 1.4 $2,104 $10,890 CZ06 SCE -22,805 2117 4.0 -2% ($30,237) $39,812 ($9,594) >1 3.2 $70,050 $20,644 CZ06-2 LADWP -22,805 2117 4.0 -2% ($30,237) $35,414 ($9,594) >1 3.2 $65,651 $20,644 CZ07 SDG&E -7,646 950 2.5 1% ($22,564) $86,159 $6,062 >1 >1 $108,722 $28,625 CZ08 SCE -9,761 1219 3.2 1% ($18,443) $37,375 $8,305 >1 >1 $55,818 $26,748 CZ08-2 LADWP -9,761 1219 3.2 1% ($18,443) $29,973 $8,305 >1 >1 $48,416 $26,748 CZ09 SCE -12,211 1605 4.5 2% ($10,282) $46,335 $13,364 >1 >1 $56,617 $23,646 CZ09-2 LADWP -12,211 1605 4.5 2% ($10,282) $37,030 $13,364 >1 >1 $47,313 $23,646 CZ10 SDG&E -21,642 2053 3.7 -1% $11,340 $84,901 ($3,818) 7.5 -0.3 $73,561 ($15,158) CZ10-2 SCE -21,642 2053 3.7 -1% $11,340 $40,659 ($3,818) 3.6 -0.3 $29,319 ($15,158) CZ11 PG&E -32,052 3062 5.9 0% ($8,519) ($29,013) ($3,007) 0.3 2.8 ($20,495) $5,512 CZ12 PG&E -36,926 3327 6.0 -1% ($15,443) ($48,955) ($9,546) 0.3 1.6 ($33,511) $5,898 CZ12-2 SMUD -36,926 3327 6.0 -1% ($15,443) $9,916 ($9,546) >1 1.6 $25,359 $5,898 CZ13 PG&E -31,253 3063 6.3 0% ($7,257) ($27,782) ($3,055) 0.3 2.4 ($20,525) $4,202 CZ14 SDG&E -36,402 3266 5.7 -1% ($10,651) $61,605 ($9,832) >1 1.1 $72,256 $819 CZ14-2 SCE -36,402 3266 5.7 -1% ($10,651) $30,625 ($9,832) >1 1.1 $41,276 $819 CZ15 SCE -4,775 1537 6.0 3% $28,927 $52,955 $32,790 1.8 1.1 $24,028 $3,863 CZ16 PG&E -90,949 6185 6.5 -26% ($8,467) ($194,115) ($142,041) 0.0 0.1 ($185,648) ($133,574) CZ16-2 LADWP -90,949 6185 6.5 -26% ($8,467) $37,127 ($142,041) >1 0.1 $45,594 ($133,574) Page H-1.113
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 26 2019-07-15

4.2 Cost Effectiveness Results – Medium Retail
Figure 24 through Figure 30 contain the cost-effectiveness findings for the Medium Retail packages.

Notable findings for each package include:
♦ 1A – Mixed-Fuel + EE:
♦ Packages achieve +9% to +18% compliance margins depending on climate zone, and all packages are cost effective in all climate zones.
♦ Incremental package costs vary across climate zones because of the HVAC system size in some climate zones are small enough (<54 kBtu/h) to have the economizers measure applied. ♦ B/C ratios are high compared to other prototypes because the measures applied are primarily low-cost lighting measures. This suggests room for the inclusion of other energy efficiency measures with lower cost-effectiveness to achieve even higher compliance margins for a cost effective package.
♦ 1B – Mixed-Fuel + EE + PV + B: All packages are cost effective using both the On-Bill and TDV approach, except On-Bill in LADWP territory. Adding PV and battery to the efficiency packages reduces the B/C ratio but increases overall NPV savings. ♦ 1C – Mixed-fuel + HE: Packages achieve +1 to +4% compliance margins depending on climate zone, and packages are cost effective in all climate zones except CZs 1, 3 and 5 using the TDV approach.
♦ 2 – All-Electric Federal Code-Minimum Reference:
♦ Packages achieve between -12% and +1% compliance margins depending on climate zone. ♦ Packages achieve positive savings using both the On-Bill and TDV approaches in CZs 6-10 and 14-15. Packages do not achieve On-Bill or TDV savings in most of PG&E territory (CZs 1, 2, 4, 5, 12-13, and 16).
♦ Packages are cost effective in all climate zones except CZ16. ♦ All incremental costs are negative primarily due to elimination of natural gas infrastructure. ♦ 3A – All-Electric + EE: Packages achieve between +3% and +16% compliance margins depending on climate zone. All packages are cost effective in all climate zones. ♦ 3B – All-Electric + EE + PV + B: All packages are cost effective using both the On-Bill and TDV approaches, except On-Bill in LADWP territory. Adding PV and Battery to the efficiency package reduces the B/C ratio but increases overall NPV savings. ♦ 3C – All-Electric + HE: Packages achieve between -8% and +5% compliance margins depending on climate zone, and packages are cost effective using both On-Bill and TDV approaches in all CZs except CZs 1 and 16.

Page H-1.114
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 27 2019-07-15
Figure 24. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail Package 1A – Mixed-Fuel + EE CZ Utility
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas Savings
(therms)
GHG
Reductions
(mtons)
Compliance
Margin
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Utility Cost
Savings
$TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Package 1A: Mixed Fuel + EE
CZ01 PG&E 15,210 1209 11.10 18% $2,712 $68,358 $60,189 25.2 22.2 $65,646 $57,478 CZ02 PG&E 18,885 613 8.73 13% $5,569 $76,260 $59,135 13.7 10.6 $70,691 $53,566 CZ03 PG&E 18,772 462 7.87 16% $5,569 $66,813 $57,135 12.0 10.3 $61,244 $51,566 CZ04 PG&E 19,100 439 7.84 14% $5,569 $75,989 $58,036 13.6 10.4 $70,420 $52,467 CZ04-2 CPAU 19,100 439 7.84 14% $5,569 $51,556 $58,036 9.3 10.4 $45,987 $52,467 CZ05 PG&E 17,955 415 7.41 16% $5,569 $63,182 $55,003 11.3 9.9 $57,613 $49,435 CZ05-2 SCG 17,955 415 7.41 16% $5,569 $61,810 $55,003 11.1 9.9 $56,241 $49,435 CZ06 SCE 12,375 347 5.54 10% $2,712 $31,990 $41,401 11.8 15.3 $29,278 $38,689 CZ06-2 LADWP 12,375 347 5.54 10% $2,712 $21,667 $41,401 8.0 15.3 $18,956 $38,689 CZ07 SDG&E 17,170 136 5.65 13% $5,569 $73,479 $49,883 13.2 9.0 $67,910 $44,314 CZ08 SCE 12,284 283 5.15 10% $2,712 $30,130 $41,115 11.1 15.2 $27,419 $38,403 CZ08-2 LADWP 12,284 283 5.15 10% $2,712 $20,243 $41,115 7.5 15.2 $17,531 $38,403 CZ09 SCE 13,473 302 5.51 10% $5,569 $32,663 $46,126 5.9 8.3 $27,094 $40,557 CZ09-2 LADWP 13,473 302 5.51 10% $5,569 $22,435 $46,126 4.0 8.3 $16,866 $40,557 CZ10 SDG&E 19,873 267 6.99 12% $5,569 $83,319 $58,322 15.0 10.5 $77,751 $52,753 CZ10-2 SCE 19,873 267 6.99 12% $5,569 $39,917 $58,322 7.2 10.5 $34,348 $52,753 CZ11 PG&E 21,120 578 9.14 13% $5,569 $86,663 $67,485 15.6 12.1 $81,095 $61,916 CZ12 PG&E 20,370 562 8.85 13% $5,569 $81,028 $64,409 14.6 11.6 $75,459 $58,840 CZ12-2 SMUD 20,370 562 8.85 13% $5,569 $44,991 $64,409 8.1 11.6 $39,422 $58,840 CZ13 PG&E 22,115 620 9.98 15% $2,712 $109,484 $83,109 40.4 30.6 $106,772 $80,398 CZ14 SDG&E 25,579 406 9.38 13% $2,712 $116,354 $80,055 42.9 29.5 $113,643 $77,343 CZ14-2 SCE 26,327 383 9.42 13% $2,712 $57,290 $83,065 21.1 30.6 $54,578 $80,354 CZ15 SCE 26,433 169 8.35 12% $2,712 $57,152 $79,506 21.1 29.3 $54,440 $76,794 CZ16 PG&E 15,975 752 8.72 13% $2,712 $72,427 $55,025 26.7 20.3 $69,715 $52,314 CZ16-2 LADWP 15,975 752 8.72 13% $2,712 $31,906 $55,025 11.8 20.3 $29,194 $52,314 Page H-1.115
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 28 2019-07-15
Figure 25. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail Package 1B – Mixed-Fuel + EE + PV + B CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Compliance
Margin (%)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
$-TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Mixed Fuel + PV + Battery
CZ01 PG&E 158,584 1209 40.79 18% $277,383 $509,092 $383,683 1.8 1.4 $231,709 $106,300 CZ02 PG&E 189,400 613 43.75 13% $280,240 $590,043 $465,474 2.1 1.7 $309,803 $185,234 CZ03 PG&E 191,016 462 43.52 16% $280,240 $578,465 $452,795 2.1 1.6 $298,224 $172,554 CZ04 PG&E 195,014 439 44.14 14% $280,240 $605,369 $480,989 2.2 1.7 $325,129 $200,748 CZ04-2 CPAU 195,014 439 44.14 14% $280,240 $451,933 $480,989 1.6 1.7 $171,693 $200,748 CZ05 PG&E 196,654 415 44.30 16% $280,240 $589,771 $464,749 2.1 1.7 $309,530 $184,509 CZ05-2 SCG 196,654 415 44.30 16% $280,240 $588,407 $464,749 2.1 1.7 $308,167 $184,509 CZ06 SCE 185,903 347 41.61 10% $277,383 $322,495 $456,596 1.2 1.6 $45,111 $179,213 CZ06-2 LA 185,903 347 41.61 10% $277,383 $191,428 $456,596 0.7 1.6 ($85,955) $179,213 CZ07 SDG&E 197,650 136 43.24 13% $280,240 $496,786 $477,582 1.8 1.7 $216,545 $197,342 CZ08 SCE 187,869 283 41.48 10% $277,383 $326,810 $478,132 1.2 1.7 $49,427 $200,749 CZ08-2 LA 187,869 283 41.48 10% $277,383 $190,379 $478,132 0.7 1.7 ($87,004) $200,749 CZ09 SCE 191,399 302 42.32 10% $280,240 $334,869 $472,770 1.2 1.7 $54,629 $192,530 CZ09-2 LA 191,399 302 42.32 10% $280,240 $201,759 $472,770 0.7 1.7 ($78,481) $192,530 CZ10 SDG&E 200,033 267 44.01 12% $280,240 $547,741 $472,880 2.0 1.7 $267,501 $192,640 CZ10-2 SCE 200,033 267 44.01 12% $280,240 $340,822 $472,880 1.2 1.7 $60,582 $192,640 CZ11 PG&E 192,846 578 44.07 13% $280,240 $582,969 $490,855 2.1 1.8 $302,728 $210,615 CZ12 PG&E 191,720 562 43.70 13% $280,240 $586,836 $485,076 2.1 1.7 $306,596 $204,836 CZ12-2 SMUD 191,720 562 43.70 13% $280,240 $319,513 $485,076 1.1 1.7 $39,273 $204,836 CZ13 PG&E 195,031 620 45.19 15% $277,383 $605,608 $486,285 2.2 1.8 $328,225 $208,901 CZ14 SDG&E 217,183 406 47.86 13% $277,383 $559,148 $534,915 2.0 1.9 $281,765 $257,532 CZ14-2 SCE 217,927 383 47.91 14% $277,383 $354,757 $538,058 1.3 1.9 $77,373 $260,674 CZ15 SCE 208,662 169 44.51 12% $277,383 $338,772 $496,107 1.2 1.8 $61,389 $218,724 CZ16 PG&E 210,242 752 48.76 13% $277,383 $608,779 $490,262 2.2 1.8 $331,395 $212,879 CZ16-2 LA 210,242 752 48.76 13% $277,383 $207,160 $490,262 0.7 1.8 ($70,223) $212,879 Page H-1.116
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 29 2019-07-15
Figure 26. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail Package 1C – Mixed-Fuel + HE CZ Utility
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas Savings
(therms)
GHG
Reductions
(mtons)
Compliance
Margin
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Utility Cost
Savings
$TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Package 1C: Mixed Fuel + HE
CZ01 PG&E 57 346 2.04 2% $9,006 $6,301 $6,065 0.7 0.7 ($2,705) ($2,941) CZ02 PG&E 2,288 229 2.01 3% $9,726 $23,016 $13,998 2.4 1.4 $13,291 $4,273 CZ03 PG&E 1,087 171 1.31 2% $9,063 $6,782 $7,186 0.7 0.8 ($2,282) ($1,877) CZ04 PG&E 1,862 159 1.46 3% $9,004 $17,891 $10,878 2.0 1.2 $8,887 $1,874 CZ04-2 CPAU 1,862 159 1.46 3% $9,004 $7,821 $10,878 0.9 1.2 ($1,182) $1,874 CZ05 PG&E 664 162 1.11 1% $9,454 $5,119 $4,725 0.5 0.5 ($4,335) ($4,729) CZ05-2 SCG 664 162 1.11 1% $9,454 $4,558 $4,725 0.5 0.5 ($4,896) ($4,729) CZ06 SCE 2,648 90 1.24 3% $8,943 $11,646 $11,427 1.3 1.3 $2,703 $2,484 CZ06-2 LADWP 2,648 90 1.24 3% $8,943 $7,329 $11,427 0.8 1.3 ($1,614) $2,484 CZ07 SDG&E 2,376 49 0.95 2% $9,194 $20,103 $9,779 2.2 1.1 $10,909 $585 CZ08 SCE 2,822 72 1.20 3% $9,645 $11,989 $12,877 1.2 1.3 $2,344 $3,233 CZ08-2 LADWP 2,822 72 1.20 3% $9,645 $7,427 $12,877 0.8 1.3 ($2,218) $3,233 CZ09 SCE 4,206 88 1.73 4% $10,446 $16,856 $18,745 1.6 1.8 $6,410 $8,299 CZ09-2 LADWP 4,206 88 1.73 4% $10,446 $10,604 $18,745 1.0 1.8 $158 $8,299 CZ10 SDG&E 4,226 119 1.88 4% $9,514 $36,412 $19,008 3.8 2.0 $26,898 $9,494 CZ10-2 SCE 4,226 119 1.88 4% $9,514 $17,094 $19,008 1.8 2.0 $7,580 $9,494 CZ11 PG&E 4,188 225 2.56 4% $10,479 $31,872 $22,393 3.0 2.1 $21,392 $11,913 CZ12 PG&E 3,675 214 2.34 4% $10,409 $29,653 $20,525 2.8 2.0 $19,243 $10,115 CZ12-2 SMUD 3,675 214 2.34 4% $10,409 $12,823 $20,525 1.2 2.0 $2,414 $10,115 CZ13 PG&E 4,818 180 2.46 4% $9,809 $34,149 $23,623 3.5 2.4 $24,340 $13,814 CZ14 SDG&E 6,439 153 2.71 4% $12,103 $44,705 $26,348 3.7 2.2 $32,601 $14,245 CZ14-2 SCE 6,439 153 2.71 4% $12,103 $22,032 $26,348 1.8 2.2 $9,929 $14,245 CZ15 SCE 8,802 48 2.76 5% $12,534 $25,706 $31,402 2.1 2.5 $13,171 $18,868 CZ16 PG&E 2,316 390 2.97 3% $11,999 $22,663 $13,888 1.9 1.2 $10,665 $1,890 CZ16-2 LADWP 2,316 390 2.97 3% $11,999 $11,921 $13,888 1.0 1.2 ($78) $1,890 Page H-1.117
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 30 2019-07-15
Figure 27. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail Package 2 – All-Electric Federal Code Minimum CZ Utility
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
Reductions
(mtons)
Compliance
Margin
Incremental
Package Cost*
Lifecycle
Utility Cost
Savings
$TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Package 2: All-Electric Federal Code Minimum
CZ01 PG&E -29,155 3893 13.85 -4.1% ($23,048) ($8,333) ($13,910) 2.8 1.7 $14,715 $9,138 CZ02 PG&E -21,786 2448 7.49 -1.0% ($27,464) ($16,476) ($4,483) 1.7 6.1 $10,987 $22,981 CZ03 PG&E -14,583 1868 6.26 -0.4% ($24,111) $263 ($1,450) >1 16.6 $24,374 $22,661 CZ04 PG&E -14,186 1706 5.30 -0.1% ($22,896) ($8,753) ($220) 2.6 104.2 $14,143 $22,676 CZ04-2 CPAU -14,186 1706 5.30 -0.1% ($22,896) $12,493 ($220) >1 104.2 $35,389 $22,676 CZ05 PG&E -14,334 1746 5.47 -1.2% ($25,507) ($1,567) ($4,197) 16.3 6.1 $23,940 $21,309 CZ06 SCE -7,527 1002 3.32 0.5% ($21,762) $18,590 $1,868 >1 >1 $40,351 $23,630 CZ06-2 LADWP -7,527 1002 3.32 0.5% ($21,762) $19,309 $1,868 >1 >1 $41,071 $23,630 CZ07 SDG&E -3,812 522 1.76 0.3% ($23,762) $54,345 $1,318 >1 >1 $78,107 $25,080 CZ08 SCE -5,805 793 2.70 0.4% ($26,922) $16,735 $1,846 >1 >1 $43,658 $28,768 CZ08-2 LADWP -5,805 793 2.70 0.4% ($26,922) $17,130 $1,846 >1 >1 $44,052 $28,768 CZ09 SCE -7,241 970 3.32 0.4% ($32,113) $18,582 $1,978 >1 >1 $50,695 $34,091 CZ09-2 LADWP -7,241 970 3.32 0.4% ($32,113) $19,089 $1,978 >1 >1 $51,202 $34,091 CZ10 SDG&E -10,336 1262 3.99 0.1% ($27,272) $54,453 $505 >1 >1 $81,724 $27,777 CZ10-2 SCE -10,336 1262 3.99 0.1% ($27,272) $20,996 $505 >1 >1 $48,268 $27,777 CZ11 PG&E -19,251 2415 7.95 0.5% ($32,202) ($7,951) $2,615 4.1 >1 $24,251 $34,817 CZ12 PG&E -19,471 2309 7.28 -0.1% ($32,504) ($14,153) ($461) 2.3 70.4 $18,351 $32,042 CZ12-2 SMUD -19,471 2309 7.28 -0.1% ($32,504) $12,939 ($461) >1 70.4 $45,443 $32,042 CZ13 PG&E -16,819 1983 6.15 -0.4% ($28,158) ($10,575) ($2,022) 2.7 13.9 $17,582 $26,136 CZ14 SDG&E -13,208 1672 5.44 0.7% ($26,656) $41,117 $4,461 >1 >1 $67,772 $31,117 CZ14-2 SCE -13,208 1672 5.44 0.7% ($26,656) $18,467 $4,461 >1 >1 $45,123 $31,117 CZ15 SCE -2,463 518 2.14 0.9% ($29,544) $16,796 $5,823 >1 >1 $46,339 $35,367 CZ16 PG&E -41,418 4304 13.23 -12.2% ($25,771) ($49,862) ($52,542) 0.5 0.5 ($24,091) ($26,771) CZ16-2 LADWP -41,418 4304 13.23 -12.2% ($25,771) $39,319 ($52,542) >1 0.5 $65,090 ($26,771) * The Incremental Package Cost is the addition of the incremental HVAC and water heating equipment costs from Figure 11 and the natural gas infrastructure incremental cost savings of $28,027 (see section 3.3.2.2).

Page H-1.118
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 31 2019-07-15
Figure 28. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail Package 3A – All-Electric + EE CZ Utility
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas Savings
(therms)
GHG
Reductions
(mtons)
Compliance
Margin
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Utility Cost
Savings
$TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Package 3A: All-Electric + EE
CZ01 PG&E -5,478 3893 20.64 15% ($20,336) $63,593 $51,224 >1 >1 $83,929 $71,560 CZ02 PG&E 2,843 2448 14.58 13% ($21,895) $74,997 $56,893 >1 >1 $96,892 $78,788 CZ03 PG&E 7,791 1868 12.73 16% ($18,542) $68,968 $56,586 >1 >1 $87,511 $75,128 CZ04 PG&E 8,572 1706 11.89 14% ($17,327) $81,957 $57,904 >1 >1 $99,284 $75,231 CZ04-2 CPAU 8,572 1706 11.89 14% ($17,327) $63,082 $57,904 >1 >1 $80,408 $75,231 CZ05 PG&E 6,973 1746 11.68 15% ($19,938) $63,677 $51,949 >1 >1 $83,615 $71,887 CZ06 SCE 7,431 1002 7.72 11% ($19,050) $47,072 $42,610 >1 >1 $66,122 $61,660 CZ06-2 LADWP 7,431 1002 7.72 11% ($19,050) $37,078 $42,610 >1 >1 $56,128 $61,660 CZ07 SDG&E 14,350 522 6.98 13% ($18,193) $127,461 $50,828 >1 >1 $145,654 $69,021 CZ08 SCE 8,524 793 6.90 10% ($24,210) $43,679 $42,258 >1 >1 $67,890 $66,468 CZ08-2 LADWP 8,524 793 6.90 10% ($24,210) $34,038 $42,258 >1 >1 $58,248 $66,468 CZ09 SCE 8,403 970 7.81 10% ($26,545) $47,819 $47,356 >1 >1 $74,364 $73,901 CZ09-2 LADWP 8,403 970 7.81 10% ($26,545) $37,934 $47,356 >1 >1 $64,478 $73,901 CZ10 SDG&E 11,737 1262 10.23 12% ($21,703) $137,436 $58,761 >1 >1 $159,139 $80,464 CZ10-2 SCE 11,737 1262 10.23 12% ($21,703) $58,257 $58,761 >1 >1 $79,959 $80,464 CZ11 PG&E 5,892 2415 15.13 12% ($26,633) $85,256 $65,859 >1 >1 $111,889 $92,492 CZ12 PG&E 5,548 2309 14.46 12% ($26,935) $80,631 $63,903 >1 >1 $107,566 $90,838 CZ12-2 SMUD 5,548 2309 14.46 12% ($26,935) $59,311 $63,903 >1 >1 $86,246 $90,838 CZ13 PG&E 10,184 1983 14.15 14% ($25,446) $110,105 $80,604 >1 >1 $135,551 $106,050 CZ14 SDG&E 16,583 1672 13.83 15% ($23,944) $171,200 $88,471 >1 >1 $195,145 $112,415 CZ14-2 SCE 16,583 1672 13.83 15% ($23,944) $656,178 $159,604 >1 >1 $680,122 $183,548 CZ15 SCE 23,642 518 9.44 12% ($26,832) $65,573 $76,781 >1 >1 $92,404 $103,612 CZ16 PG&E -18,232 4304 19.80 3% ($23,059) $38,796 $14,152 >1 >1 $61,855 $37,211 CZ16-2 LADWP -18,232 4304 19.80 3% ($23,059) $67,793 $14,152 >1 >1 $90,852 $37,211 Page H-1.119
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 32 2019-07-15
Figure 29. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail Package 3B – All-Electric + EE + PV + B CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Compliance
Margin (%)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
$-TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
All-Electric + PV + B
CZ01 PG&E 137,956 3893 50.51 15% $254,335 $510,831 $374,432 2.0 1.5 $256,496 $120,097 CZ02 PG&E 173,387 2448 49.87 13% $252,777 $590,112 $463,431 2.3 1.8 $337,336 $210,654 CZ03 PG&E 180,055 1868 48.55 16% $256,129 $585,861 $452,399 2.3 1.8 $329,732 $196,270 CZ04 PG&E 184,499 1706 48.38 14% $257,345 $608,814 $481,011 2.4 1.9 $351,470 $223,666 CZ04-2 CPAU 184,499 1706 48.38 14% $257,345 $465,690 $481,011 1.8 1.9 $208,345 $223,666 CZ05 PG&E 185,690 1746 48.84 15% $254,734 $600,933 $461,804 2.4 1.8 $346,199 $207,071 CZ06 SCE 180,968 1002 43.91 11% $255,621 $335,909 $457,959 1.3 1.8 $80,288 $202,337 CZ06-2 LADWP 180,968 1002 43.91 11% $255,621 $206,021 $457,959 0.8 1.8 ($49,601) $202,337 CZ07 SDG&E 194,837 522 44.67 13% $256,478 $550,714 $478,637 2.1 1.9 $294,236 $222,159 CZ08 SCE 184,120 793 43.32 10% $250,461 $340,301 $479,406 1.4 1.9 $89,840 $228,945 CZ08-2 LADWP 184,120 793 43.32 10% $250,461 $203,813 $479,406 0.8 1.9 ($46,648) $228,945 CZ09 SCE 186,346 970 44.77 10% $248,127 $349,524 $474,176 1.4 1.9 $101,397 $226,049 CZ09-2 LADWP 186,346 970 44.77 10% $248,127 $216,654 $474,176 0.9 1.9 ($31,473) $226,049 CZ10 SDG&E 191,923 1262 47.46 12% $252,969 $593,514 $473,605 2.3 1.9 $340,545 $220,636 CZ10-2 SCE 191,923 1262 47.46 12% $252,969 $356,958 $473,605 1.4 1.9 $103,989 $220,636 CZ11 PG&E 177,639 2415 50.26 12% $248,039 $585,689 $489,317 2.4 2.0 $337,650 $241,278 CZ12 PG&E 176,919 2309 49.46 12% $247,736 $591,104 $484,702 2.4 2.0 $343,368 $236,966 CZ12-2 SMUD 176,919 2309 49.46 12% $247,736 $335,286 $484,702 1.4 2.0 $87,550 $236,966 CZ13 PG&E 183,129 1983 49.48 14% $249,226 $608,560 $483,670 2.4 1.9 $359,334 $234,444 CZ14 SDG&E 208,183 1672 52.54 15% $250,727 $593,232 $544,079 2.4 2.2 $342,505 $293,351 CZ14-2 SCE 264,589 1672 80.97 15% $250,727 $656,178 $580,403 2.6 2.3 $405,450 $329,676 CZ15 SCE 205,869 518 45.67 12% $247,840 $347,125 $493,339 1.4 2.0 $99,285 $245,499 CZ16 PG&E 176,114 4304 60.13 3% $251,612 $567,822 $446,795 2.3 1.8 $316,210 $195,183 CZ16-2 LADWP 176,114 4304 60.13 3% $251,612 $241,757 $446,795 1.0 1.8 ($9,856) $195,183 Page H-1.120
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 33 2019-07-15
Figure 30. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail Package 3C – All-Electric + HE CZ Utility
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
Reductions
(mtons)
Compliance
Margin
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Utility Cost
Savings
$TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Package 3C: All-Electric + HE
CZ01 PG&E -26,199 3893 14.76 -2% ($587) $369 ($5,757) >1 0.1 $956 ($5,170) CZ02 PG&E -16,989 2448 8.95 3% ($4,211) $12,323 $11,251 >1 >1 $16,534 $15,463 CZ03 PG&E -11,703 1868 7.15 2% ($2,213) $9,159 $6,944 >1 >1 $11,372 $9,157 CZ04 PG&E -10,675 1706 6.37 3% ($316) $14,317 $11,383 >1 >1 $14,633 $11,700 CZ04-2 CPAU -10,675 1706 6.37 3% ($316) $20,599 $11,383 >1 >1 $20,915 $11,700 CZ05 PG&E -11,969 1746 6.19 1% ($2,298) $5,592 $1,824 >1 >1 $7,890 $4,122 CZ06 SCE -3,919 1002 4.35 3% $1,418 $29,751 $13,734 21.0 9.7 $28,333 $12,316 CZ06-2 LADWP -3,919 1002 4.35 3% $1,418 $25,891 $13,734 18.3 9.7 $24,473 $12,316 CZ07 SDG&E -955 522 2.59 3% ($710) $74,518 $11,229 >1 >1 $75,227 $11,939 CZ08 SCE -2,224 793 3.74 4% ($3,719) $28,067 $15,075 >1 >1 $31,785 $18,793 CZ08-2 LADWP -2,224 793 3.74 4% ($3,719) $23,848 $15,075 >1 >1 $27,566 $18,793 CZ09 SCE -2,089 970 4.84 4% ($8,268) $34,648 $21,162 >1 >1 $42,916 $29,430 CZ09-2 LADWP -2,089 970 4.84 4% ($8,268) $28,837 $21,162 >1 >1 $37,105 $29,430 CZ10 SDG&E -4,868 1262 5.58 4% ($5,222) $91,136 $20,041 >1 >1 $96,358 $25,263 CZ10-2 SCE -4,868 1262 5.58 4% ($5,222) $37,200 $20,041 >1 >1 $42,422 $25,263 CZ11 PG&E -12,651 2415 9.95 5% ($8,217) $29,015 $26,172 >1 >1 $37,232 $34,389 CZ12 PG&E -13,479 2309 9.10 4% ($9,239) $20,839 $21,228 >1 >1 $30,078 $30,466 CZ12-2 SMUD -13,479 2309 9.10 4% ($9,239) $26,507 $21,228 >1 >1 $35,746 $30,466 CZ13 PG&E -9,935 1983 8.23 4% ($4,975) $30,123 $24,063 >1 >1 $35,097 $29,037 CZ14 SDG&E -5,407 1672 7.71 5% $121 $88,669 $31,029 732.5 256.3 $88,547 $30,908 CZ14-2 SCE -5,407 1672 7.71 5% $121 $40,709 $31,029 336.3 256.3 $40,588 $30,908 CZ15 SCE 6,782 518 4.77 6% ($2,508) $42,238 $37,379 >1 >1 $44,745 $39,887 CZ16 PG&E -35,297 4304 15.03 -8% $1,102 ($21,384) ($33,754) -19.4 -30.6 ($22,486) ($34,856) CZ16-2 LADWP -35,297 4304 15.03 -8% $1,102 $48,625 ($33,754) 44.1 -30.6 $47,523 ($34,856) Page H-1.121
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 34 2019-07-15

4.3 Cost Effectiveness Results – Small Hotel
The following issues must be considered when reviewing the Small Hotel results:
♦ The Small Hotel is a mix of residential and nonresidential space types, which results in different occupancy and load profiles than the office and retail prototypes. ♦ A potential laundry load has not been examined for the Small Hotel. The Reach Code Team attempted to characterize and apply the energy use intensity of laundry loads in hotels but did not find readily available data for use. Thus, cost effectiveness including laundry systems has not been examined.
♦ Contrary to the office and retail prototypes, the Small Hotel baseline water heater is a central gas storage type. Current compliance software cannot model central heat pump water heater systems with recirculation serving guest rooms.
23 The only modeling option for heat pump water
heating is individual water heaters at each guest room even though this is a very uncommon configuration. TRC modeled individual heat pump water heaters but as a proxy for central heat pump water heating performance, but integrated costs associated with tank and controls for central heat pump water heating into cost effectiveness calculations. ♦ Assuming central heat pump water heating also enabled the inclusion of a solar hot water thermal collection system, which was a key efficiency measure to achieving compliance in nearly all climate zones.

Figure 31 through Figure 37 contain the cost-effectiveness findings for the Small Hotel packages. Notable findings for each package include:
♦ 1A – Mixed-Fuel + EE:
♦ Packages achieve +3 to +10% compliance margins depending on climate zone. ♦ Packages are cost effective using either the On-Bill or TDV approach in all CZs except 12 (using SMUD rates), 14 (using SCE rates), and 15 (with SCE rates). ♦ The hotel is primarily guest rooms with a smaller proportion of nonresidential space.

Thus, the inexpensive VAV minimum flow measure and lighting measures that have been applied to the entirety of the Medium Office and Medium Retail prototypes have a relatively small impact in the Small Hotel.
24 ♦ 1B – Mixed-Fuel + EE + PV + B: Packages are cost effective using either the On-Bill or TDV approach in all CZs. Solar PV generally increases cost effectiveness compared to efficiency-only, particularly when using an NPV metric.
♦ 1C – Mixed-Fuel + HE: Packages achieve +2 to +5% compliance margins depending on climate zone. The package is cost effective using the On-Bill approach in a minority of climate zones, and cost effective using TDV approach only in CZ15.

23 The IOUs and CEC are actively working on including central heat pump water heater modeling with recirculation systems in early 2020.
24 Title 24 requires that hotel/motel guest room lighting design comply with the residential lighting standards, which are all mandatory and are not awarded compliance credit for improved efficacy.

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2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 35 2019-07-15
♦ 2 – All-Electric Federal Code-Minimum Reference:
♦ This all-electric design does not comply with the Energy Commission’s TDV performance budget. Packages achieve between -50% and -4% compliance margins depending on climate zone. This may be because the modeled HW system is constrained to having an artificially low efficiency to avoid triggering federal pre-emption, and the heat pump space heating systems must operate overnight when operation is less efficient. ♦ All packages are cost effective in all climate zones. ♦ 3A – All-Electric + EE: Packages achieve positive compliance margins in all CZs ranging from 0% to +17%, except CZ16 which had a -18% compliance margin. All packages are cost effective in all climate zones. The improved degree of cost effectiveness outcomes in Package 3A compared to Package 1A appear to be due to the significant incremental package cost savings. ♦ 3B – All-Electric + EE + PV + B: All packages are cost effective. Packages improve in B/C ratio when compared to 3A and increase in magnitude of overall NPV savings. PV appears to be more costeffective with higher building electricity loads. ♦ 3C – All-Electric + HE:
♦ Packages do not comply with Title 24 in all CZs except CZ15 which resulted in a +0.04% compliance margin.
♦ All packages are cost effective.

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2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 36 2019-07-15
Figure 31. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel Package 1A – Mixed-Fuel + EE CZ Utility
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas Savings
(therms)
GHG
Reductions
(mtons)
Compliance
Margin
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Utility Cost
Savings
$TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Package 1A: Mixed Fuel + EE
CZ01 PG&E 3,855 1288 5.65 9% $20,971 $34,339 $36,874 1.6 1.8 $13,368 $15,903 CZ02 PG&E 3,802 976 3.91 7% $20,971 $26,312 $29,353 1.3 1.4 $5,341 $8,381 CZ03 PG&E 4,153 1046 4.48 10% $20,971 $31,172 $35,915 1.5 1.7 $10,201 $14,944 CZ04 PG&E 5,007 395 0.85 6% $21,824 $24,449 $24,270 1.1 1.1 $2,625 $2,446 CZ04-2 CPAU 4,916 422 0.98 6% $21,824 $18,713 $24,306 0.9 1.1 ($3,111) $2,483 CZ05 PG&E 3,530 1018 4.13 9% $20,971 $28,782 $34,448 1.4 1.6 $7,810 $13,477 CZ05-2 SCG 3,530 1018 4.13 9% $20,971 $23,028 $34,448 1.1 1.6 $2,057 $13,477 CZ06 SCE 5,137 418 1.16 8% $21,824 $16,001 $26,934 0.7 1.2 ($5,823) $5,110 CZ06-2 LADWP 5,137 418 1.16 8% $21,824 $11,706 $26,934 0.5 1.2 ($10,118) $5,110 CZ07 SDG&E 5,352 424 1.31 8% $21,824 $26,699 $27,975 1.2 1.3 $4,876 $6,152 CZ08 SCE 5,151 419 1.21 7% $21,824 $15,931 $23,576 0.7 1.1 ($5,893) $1,752 CZ08-2 LADWP 5,151 419 1.21 7% $21,824 $11,643 $23,576 0.5 1.1 ($10,180) $1,752 CZ09 SCE 5,229 406 1.16 6% $21,824 $15,837 $22,365 0.7 1.0 ($5,987) $541 CZ09-2 LADWP 5,229 406 1.16 6% $21,824 $11,632 $22,365 0.5 1.0 ($10,192) $541 CZ10 SDG&E 4,607 342 0.92 5% $21,824 $25,506 $22,219 1.2 1.0 $3,683 $396 CZ10-2 SCE 4,607 342 0.92 5% $21,824 $13,868 $22,219 0.6 1.0 ($7,956) $396 CZ11 PG&E 4,801 325 0.87 4% $21,824 $22,936 $19,503 1.1 0.9 $1,112 ($2,321) CZ12 PG&E 5,276 327 0.90 5% $21,824 $22,356 $21,305 1.0 0.98 $532 ($519) CZ12-2 SMUD 5,276 327 0.90 5% $21,824 $15,106 $21,305 0.7 0.98 ($6,717) ($519) CZ13 PG&E 4,975 310 0.87 4% $21,824 $23,594 $19,378 1.1 0.9 $1,770 ($2,445) CZ14 SDG&E 4,884 370 0.82 4% $21,824 $24,894 $21,035 1.1 0.96 $3,070 ($789) CZ14-2 SCE 4,884 370 0.82 4% $21,824 $14,351 $21,035 0.7 0.96 ($7,473) ($789) CZ15 SCE 5,187 278 1.23 3% $21,824 $13,645 $18,089 0.6 0.8 ($8,178) ($3,735) CZ16 PG&E 2,992 1197 4.95 6% $20,971 $27,813 $30,869 1.3 1.5 $6,842 $9,898 CZ16-2 LADWP 2,992 1197 4.95 6% $20,971 $19,782 $30,869 0.9 1.5 ($1,190) $9,898 Page H-1.124
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 37 2019-07-15
Figure 32. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel Package 1B – Mixed-Fuel + EE + PV + B CZ Utility
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
Reductions
(mtons)
Compliance
Margin
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Utility Cost
Savings
$TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Package 1B: Mixed Fuel + EE + PV + B
CZ01 PG&E 107,694 1288 28.73 9% $228,341 $366,509 $295,731 1.6 1.3 $138,168 $67,390 CZ02 PG&E 130,144 976 31.14 7% $228,341 $359,248 $336,575 1.6 1.5 $130,907 $108,233 CZ03 PG&E 129,107 1046 31.57 10% $228,341 $430,737 $335,758 1.9 1.5 $202,396 $107,416 CZ04 PG&E 132,648 395 28.46 6% $229,194 $355,406 $338,455 1.6 1.5 $126,212 $109,262 CZ04-2 CPAU 132,556 422 28.59 6% $229,194 $322,698 $338,492 1.4 1.5 $93,504 $109,298 CZ05 PG&E 136,318 1018 32.73 9% $228,341 $452,611 $352,342 2.0 1.5 $224,269 $124,001 CZ05-2 SCG 136,318 1018 32.73 9% $228,341 $446,858 $352,342 2.0 1.5 $218,516 $124,001 CZ06 SCE 131,051 418 28.47 8% $229,194 $217,728 $336,843 0.9 1.5 ($11,466) $107,649 CZ06-2 LADWP 131,051 418 28.47 8% $229,194 $131,052 $336,843 0.6 1.5 ($98,142) $107,649 CZ07 SDG&E 136,359 424 29.63 8% $229,194 $306,088 $345,378 1.3 1.5 $76,894 $116,184 CZ08 SCE 132,539 419 28.85 7% $229,194 $227,297 $353,013 1.0 1.5 ($1,897) $123,819 CZ08-2 LADWP 132,539 419 28.85 7% $229,194 $134,739 $353,013 0.6 1.5 ($94,455) $123,819 CZ09 SCE 131,422 406 28.82 6% $229,194 $230,791 $343,665 1.0 1.5 $1,597 $114,471 CZ09-2 LADWP 131,422 406 28.82 6% $229,194 $136,024 $343,665 0.6 1.5 ($93,170) $114,471 CZ10 SDG&E 134,146 342 29.05 5% $229,194 $339,612 $342,574 1.5 1.5 $110,418 $113,380 CZ10-2 SCE 134,146 342 29.05 5% $229,194 $226,244 $342,574 1.0 1.5 ($2,949) $113,380 CZ11 PG&E 128,916 325 27.62 4% $229,194 $352,831 $337,208 1.5 1.5 $123,637 $108,014 CZ12 PG&E 131,226 327 28.04 5% $229,194 $425,029 $338,026 1.9 1.5 $195,835 $108,832 CZ12-2 SMUD 131,226 327 28.04 5% $229,194 $213,176 $338,026 0.9 1.5 ($16,018) $108,832 CZ13 PG&E 127,258 310 27.33 4% $229,194 $351,244 $324,217 1.5 1.4 $122,050 $95,023 CZ14 SDG&E 147,017 370 30.96 4% $229,194 $861,445 $217,675 3.8 0.9 $632,251 ($11,518) CZ14-2 SCE 147,017 370 30.96 4% $229,194 $244,100 $381,164 1.1 1.7 $14,906 $151,970 CZ15 SCE 137,180 278 29.12 3% $229,194 $225,054 $348,320 1.0 1.5 ($4,140) $119,127 CZ16 PG&E 141,478 1197 34.60 6% $228,341 $377,465 $357,241 1.7 1.6 $149,124 $128,899 CZ16-2 LADWP 141,478 1197 34.60 6% $228,341 $136,563 $357,241 0.6 1.6 ($91,778) $128,899 Page H-1.125
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 38 2019-07-15
Figure 33. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel Package 1C – Mixed-Fuel + HE CZ Utility
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas Savings
(therms)
GHG
Reductions
(mtons)
Compliance
Margin
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Utility Cost
Savings
$TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Package 1C: Mixed Fuel + HE
CZ01 PG&E 10 632 3.76 2% $22,839 $11,015 $10,218 0.5 0.4 ($11,823) ($12,621) CZ02 PG&E 981 402 2.69 3% $23,092 $16,255 $11,808 0.7 0.5 ($6,837) ($11,284) CZ03 PG&E 81 383 2.30 2% $20,510 $7,066 $6,850 0.3 0.3 ($13,444) ($13,660) CZ04 PG&E 161 373 2.26 2% $22,164 $8,593 $7,645 0.4 0.3 ($13,571) ($14,519) CZ04-2 CPAU 161 373 2.26 2% $22,164 $7,097 $7,645 0.3 0.3 ($15,067) ($14,519) CZ05 PG&E 154 361 2.19 2% $21,418 $6,897 $6,585 0.3 0.3 ($14,521) ($14,833) CZ05-2 SCG 154 361 2.19 2% $21,418 $4,786 $6,585 0.2 0.3 ($16,632) ($14,833) CZ06 SCE 237 201 1.27 2% $20,941 $3,789 $4,882 0.2 0.2 ($17,152) ($16,059) CZ06-2 LADWP 237 201 1.27 2% $20,941 $3,219 $4,882 0.2 0.2 ($17,722) ($16,059) CZ07 SDG&E 1,117 158 1.28 2% $19,625 $13,771 $7,342 0.7 0.4 ($5,854) ($12,283) CZ08 SCE 1,302 169 1.39 2% $20,678 $8,378 $8,591 0.4 0.4 ($12,300) ($12,088) CZ08-2 LADWP 1,302 169 1.39 2% $20,678 $5,802 $8,591 0.3 0.4 ($14,877) ($12,088) CZ09 SCE 1,733 178 1.56 3% $20,052 $10,489 $11,164 0.5 0.6 ($9,563) ($8,888) CZ09-2 LADWP 1,733 178 1.56 3% $20,052 $7,307 $11,164 0.4 0.6 ($12,745) ($8,888) CZ10 SDG&E 3,170 220 2.29 4% $22,682 $35,195 $19,149 1.6 0.8 $12,513 ($3,533) CZ10-2 SCE 3,170 220 2.29 4% $22,682 $16,701 $19,149 0.7 0.8 ($5,981) ($3,533) CZ11 PG&E 3,343 323 2.96 4% $23,344 $27,633 $20,966 1.2 0.9 $4,288 ($2,379) CZ12 PG&E 1,724 320 2.44 4% $22,302 $11,597 $15,592 0.5 0.7 ($10,705) ($6,710) CZ12-2 SMUD 1,724 320 2.44 4% $22,302 $11,156 $15,592 0.5 0.7 ($11,146) ($6,710) CZ13 PG&E 3,083 316 2.81 3% $22,882 $23,950 $17,068 1.0 0.7 $1,068 ($5,814) CZ14 SDG&E 3,714 312 2.99 4% $23,299 $35,301 $21,155 1.5 0.9 $12,002 ($2,144) CZ14-2 SCE 3,714 312 2.99 4% $23,299 $18,460 $21,155 0.8 0.9 ($4,839) ($2,144) CZ15 SCE 8,684 97 3.21 5% $20,945 $26,738 $31,600 1.3 1.5 $5,792 $10,655 CZ16 PG&E 836 700 4.42 3% $24,616 $18,608 $14,494 0.8 0.6 ($6,007) ($10,121) CZ16-2 LADWP 836 700 4.42 3% $24,616 $15,237 $14,494 0.6 0.6 ($9,378) ($10,121) Page H-1.126
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 39 2019-07-15
Figure 34. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel Package 2 – All-Electric Federal Code Minimum CZ Utility
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
Reductions
(mtons)
Compliance
Margin
Incremental
Package Cost*
Lifecycle
Utility Cost
Savings
$TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill) NPV (TDV)
Package 2: All-Electric Federal Code Minimum
CZ01 PG&E -159,802 16917 53.92 -28% ($1,296,784) ($582,762) ($115,161) 2.2 11.3 $714,022 $1,181,623 CZ02 PG&E -118,739 12677 40.00 -12% ($1,297,757) ($245,434) ($51,620) 5.3 25.1 $1,052,322 $1,246,137 CZ03 PG&E -110,595 12322 40.48 -14% ($1,300,029) ($326,633) ($51,166) 4.0 25.4 $973,396 $1,248,863 CZ04 PG&E -113,404 11927 36.59 -13% ($1,299,864) ($225,307) ($53,134) 5.8 24.5 $1,074,556 $1,246,730 CZ04-2 CPAU -113,404 11927 36.59 -13% ($1,299,864) ($17,768) ($53,134) 73.2 24.5 $1,282,096 $1,246,730 CZ05 PG&E -108,605 11960 38.34 -15% ($1,299,917) ($350,585) ($54,685) 3.7 23.8 $949,332 $1,245,232 CZ06 SCE -78,293 8912 29.36 -5% ($1,300,058) ($61,534) ($28,043) 21.1 46.4 $1,238,524 $1,272,015 CZ06-2 LA -78,293 8912 29.36 -5% ($1,300,058) $43,200 ($28,043) >1 46.4 $1,343,258 $1,272,015 CZ07 SDG&E -69,819 8188 28.04 -7% ($1,298,406) ($137,638) ($23,199) 9.4 56.0 $1,160,768 $1,275,207 CZ08 SCE -71,914 8353 28.21 -6% ($1,296,376) ($53,524) ($22,820) 24.2 56.8 $1,242,852 $1,273,556 CZ08-2 LA -71,914 8353 28.21 -6% ($1,296,376) $42,841 ($22,820) >1 56.8 $1,339,217 $1,273,556 CZ09 SCE -72,262 8402 28.38 -6% ($1,298,174) ($44,979) ($21,950) 28.9 59.1 $1,253,196 $1,276,224 CZ09-2 LA -72,262 8402 28.38 -6% ($1,298,174) $46,679 ($21,950) >1 59.1 $1,344,853 $1,276,224 CZ10 SDG&E -80,062 8418 26.22 -8% ($1,295,176) ($172,513) ($36,179) 7.5 35.8 $1,122,663 $1,258,997 CZ10-2 SCE -80,062 8418 26.22 -8% ($1,295,176) ($63,974) ($36,179) 20.2 35.8 $1,231,202 $1,258,997 CZ11 PG&E -99,484 10252 30.99 -10% ($1,295,985) ($186,037) ($49,387) 7.0 26.2 $1,109,948 $1,246,598 CZ12 PG&E -99,472 10403 32.08 -10% ($1,297,425) ($340,801) ($45,565) 3.8 28.5 $956,624 $1,251,860 CZ12-2 SMUD -99,067 10403 32.21 -10% ($1,297,425) $5,794 ($44,354) >1 29.3 $1,303,219 $1,253,071 CZ13 PG&E -96,829 10029 30.60 -10% ($1,295,797) ($184,332) ($50,333) 7.0 25.7 $1,111,465 $1,245,464 CZ14 SDG&E -101,398 10056 29.68 -11% ($1,296,156) ($325,928) ($56,578) 4.0 22.9 $970,228 $1,239,578 CZ14-2 SCE -101,398 10056 29.68 -11% ($1,296,156) ($121,662) ($56,578) 10.7 22.9 $1,174,494 $1,239,578 CZ15 SCE -49,853 5579 18.07 -4% ($1,294,276) $209 ($21,420) >1 60.4 $1,294,485 $1,272,856 CZ16 PG&E -216,708 17599 41.89 -50% ($1,300,552) ($645,705) ($239,178) 2.0 5.4 $654,847 $1,061,374 CZ16-2 LA -216,708 17599 41.89 -50% ($1,300,552) $30,974 ($239,178) >1 5.4 $1,331,526 $1,061,374 * The Incremental Package Cost is the addition of the incremental HVAC and water heating equipment costs from Figure 12, the electrical infrastructure incremental cost of $26,800 (see section 3.3.2.1), and the natural gas infrastructure incremental cost savings of $56,020 (see section 3.3.2.2).

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2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 40 2019-07-15
Figure 35. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel Package 3A – All-Electric + EE CZ Utility
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas Savings
(therms)
GHG
Reductions
(mtons)
Comp-liance
Margin
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Utility Cost
Savings
$TDV
Savings
B/C Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill) NPV (TDV)
Package 3A: All-Electric + EE
CZ01 PG&E -113,259 16917 62.38 1.3% ($1,251,544) ($200,367) $5,460 6.2 >1 $1,051,177 $1,257,005 CZ02 PG&E -90,033 12677 45.46 4% ($1,265,064) ($108,075) $15,685 11.7 >1 $1,156,989 $1,280,749 CZ03 PG&E -83,892 12322 45.93 6% ($1,267,509) ($198,234) $20,729 6.4 >1 $1,069,274 $1,288,237 CZ04 PG&E -91,197 11927 40.36 0.2% ($1,263,932) ($112,892) $703 11.2 >1 $1,151,041 $1,264,635 CZ04-2 CPAU -90,981 11927 40.42 0.2% ($1,263,932) $32,557 $918 >1 >1 $1,296,489 $1,264,850 CZ05 PG&E -82,491 11960 43.62 5% ($1,267,355) ($221,492) $18,488 5.7 >1 $1,045,863 $1,285,843 CZ06 SCE -61,523 8912 32.45 7% ($1,267,916) ($33,475) $15,142 37.9 >1 $1,234,441 $1,283,057 CZ06-2 LADWP -61,523 8912 32.45 7% ($1,267,916) $57,215 $15,142 >1 >1 $1,325,130 $1,283,057 CZ07 SDG&E -53,308 8188 31.22 7% ($1,266,354) ($81,338) $22,516 15.6 >1 $1,185,015 $1,288,870 CZ08 SCE -55,452 8353 31.33 3% ($1,264,408) ($23,893) $9,391 52.9 >1 $1,240,515 $1,273,800 CZ08-2 LADWP -55,452 8353 31.33 3% ($1,264,408) $57,058 $9,391 >1 >1 $1,321,466 $1,273,800 CZ09 SCE -55,887 8402 31.40 2% ($1,266,302) ($19,887) $9,110 63.7 >1 $1,246,415 $1,275,412 CZ09-2 LADWP -55,887 8402 31.40 2% ($1,266,302) $60,441 $9,110 >1 >1 $1,326,743 $1,275,412 CZ10 SDG&E -60,239 8418 29.96 2% ($1,256,002) ($126,072) $7,365 10.0 >1 $1,129,930 $1,263,367 CZ10-2 SCE -60,239 8418 29.96 2% ($1,256,002) ($33,061) $7,365 38.0 >1 $1,222,940 $1,263,367 CZ11 PG&E -77,307 10252 35.12 1% ($1,256,149) ($80,187) $3,114 15.7 >1 $1,175,962 $1,259,263 CZ12 PG&E -75,098 10403 36.73 2% ($1,256,824) ($234,275) $9,048 5.4 >1 $1,022,550 $1,265,872 CZ12-2 SMUD -75,098 10403 36.73 2% ($1,256,824) $54,941 $9,048 >1 >1 $1,311,765 $1,265,872 CZ13 PG&E -75,052 10029 34.72 0.3% ($1,256,109) ($79,378) $1,260 15.8 >1 $1,176,731 $1,257,369 CZ14 SDG&E -76,375 10056 34.28 0.1% ($1,255,704) ($170,975) $543 7.3 >1 $1,084,729 $1,256,247 CZ14-2 SCE -76,375 10056 34.28 0.1% ($1,255,704) ($34,418) $543 36.5 >1 $1,221,286 $1,256,247 CZ15 SCE -33,722 5579 21.43 2% ($1,257,835) $26,030 $12,262 >1 >1 $1,283,864 $1,270,097 CZ16 PG&E -139,676 17599 55.25 -14% ($1,255,364) ($197,174) ($66,650) 6.4 18.8 $1,058,190 $1,188,714 CZ16-2 LADWP -139,676 17599 55.25 -14% ($1,255,364) $165,789 ($66,650) >1 18.8 $1,421,153 $1,188,714 Page H-1.128
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 41 2019-07-15
Figure 36. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel Package 3B – All-Electric + EE + PV + B CZ Utility
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
Reductions
(mtons)
Compliance
Margin
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Utility Cost
Savings
$TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill) B/C Ratio (TDV)NPV (Onbill) NPV (TDV)
Package 3B: All-Electric + EE + PV + B
CZ01 PG&E -8,900 16917 87.15 1% ($1,044,174) $90,964 $324,376 >1 >1 $1,135,139 $1,368,551 CZ02 PG&E 36,491 12677 73.03 4% ($1,057,694) $242,514 $313,711 >1 >1 $1,300,208 $1,371,405 CZ03 PG&E 41,239 12322 73.43 6% ($1,060,139) $155,868 $308,385 >1 >1 $1,216,007 $1,368,524 CZ04 PG&E 36,628 11927 69.70 0.2% ($1,056,562) $240,799 $308,682 >1 >1 $1,297,361 $1,365,244 CZ04-2 CPAU 36,844 11927 69.76 0.2% ($1,056,562) $336,813 $418,836 >1 >1 $1,393,375 $1,475,398 CZ05 PG&E 36,365 11960 73.11 5% ($1,059,985) $119,173 $317,952 >1 >1 $1,179,158 $1,377,937 CZ06 SCE 64,476 8912 60.47 7% ($1,060,545) $156,327 $311,730 >1 >1 $1,216,872 $1,372,275 CZ06-2 LADWP 64,476 8912 60.47 7% ($1,060,545) $180,648 $311,730 >1 >1 $1,241,193 $1,372,275 CZ07 SDG&E 77,715 8188 60.45 7% ($1,058,983) $197,711 $330,458 >1 >1 $1,256,694 $1,389,441 CZ08 SCE 71,990 8353 59.49 3% ($1,057,038) $165,393 $320,814 >1 >1 $1,222,432 $1,377,852 CZ08-2 LADWP 71,990 8353 60.24 3% ($1,057,038) $180,367 $443,809 >1 >1 $1,237,405 $1,500,847 CZ09 SCE 70,465 8402 59.29 2% ($1,058,932) $175,602 $301,459 >1 >1 $1,234,534 $1,360,391 CZ09-2 LADWP 70,465 8402 59.29 2% ($1,058,932) $183,220 $301,459 >1 >1 $1,242,152 $1,360,391 CZ10 SDG&E 69,581 8418 58.04 2% ($1,048,632) $161,513 $294,530 >1 >1 $1,210,145 $1,343,162 CZ10-2 SCE 69,581 8418 58.04 2% ($1,048,632) $164,837 $294,530 >1 >1 $1,213,469 $1,343,162 CZ11 PG&E 47,260 10252 61.57 1% ($1,048,779) $253,717 $286,797 >1 >1 $1,302,496 $1,335,576 CZ12 PG&E 51,115 10403 64.07 2% ($1,049,454) $104,523 $305,446 >1 >1 $1,153,977 $1,354,900 CZ12-2 SMUD 51,115 10403 64.99 2% ($1,049,454) $253,197 $430,977 >1 >1 $1,302,651 $1,480,431 CZ13 PG&E 47,757 10029 60.77 0.3% ($1,048,739) $251,663 $281,877 >1 >1 $1,300,402 $1,330,616 CZ14 SDG&E 66,084 10056 64.54 0.1% ($1,048,334) $148,510 $334,938 >1 >1 $1,196,844 $1,383,272 CZ14-2 SCE 66,084 10056 64.54 0.1% ($1,048,334) $185,018 $334,938 >1 >1 $1,233,352 $1,383,272 CZ15 SCE 98,755 5579 49.04 2.1% ($1,050,465) $233,308 $311,121 >1 >1 $1,283,772 $1,361,585 CZ16 PG&E -873 17599 84.99 -14% ($1,047,994) $191,994 $240,724 >1 >1 $1,239,987 $1,288,718 CZ16-2 LADWP -873 17599 84.99 -14% ($1,047,994) $291,279 $240,724 >1 >1 $1,339,273 $1,288,718 Page H-1.129
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 42 2019-07-15
Figure 37. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel Package 3C – All-Electric + HE CZ Utility
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
Reductions
(mtons)
Compliance
Margin
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Utility Cost
Savings
$TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill) NPV (TDV)
Package 3C: All-Electric + HE
CZ01 PG&E -154,840 16917 56.24 -24% ($1,281,338) ($606,619) ($101,272) 2.1 12.7 $674,719 $1,180,066 CZ02 PG&E -118,284 12677 41.18 -11% ($1,283,243) ($395,641) ($44,505) 3.2 28.8 $887,602 $1,238,738 CZ03 PG&E -113,413 12322 40.80 -14% ($1,288,782) ($522,458) ($51,582) 2.5 25.0 $766,324 $1,237,200 CZ04 PG&E -115,928 11927 37.09 -13% ($1,287,878) ($383,177) ($53,285) 3.4 24.2 $904,701 $1,234,593 CZ04-2 CPAU -115,928 11927 37.09 -13% ($1,287,878) ($24,170) ($53,285) 53.3 24.2 $1,263,708 $1,234,593 CZ05 PG&E -111,075 11960 38.75 -15% ($1,288,242) ($530,740) ($56,124) 2.4 23.0 $757,502 $1,232,119 CZ06 SCE -83,000 8912 29.41 -15% ($1,288,695) ($154,625) ($32,244) 8.3 40.0 $1,134,069 $1,256,451 CZ06-2 LADWP -83,000 8912 29.41 -15% ($1,288,695) ($17,626) ($32,244) 73.1 40.0 $1,271,068 $1,256,451 CZ07 SDG&E -73,823 8188 28.32 -7% ($1,285,759) ($268,207) ($24,069) 4.8 53.4 $1,017,552 $1,261,690 CZ08 SCE -75,573 8353 28.56 -6% ($1,281,241) ($157,393) ($21,912) 8.1 58.5 $1,123,848 $1,259,329 CZ08-2 LADWP -75,573 8353 28.56 -6% ($1,281,241) ($18,502) ($21,912) 69.2 58.5 $1,262,739 $1,259,329 CZ09 SCE -74,790 8402 29.04 -4% ($1,285,139) ($138,746) ($16,992) 9.3 75.6 $1,146,393 $1,268,147 CZ09-2 LADWP -74,790 8402 29.04 -4% ($1,285,139) ($6,344) ($16,992) 202.6 75.6 $1,278,794 $1,268,147 CZ10 SDG&E -80,248 8418 27.57 -5% ($1,278,097) ($235,479) ($24,107) 5.4 53.0 $1,042,617 $1,253,990 CZ10-2 SCE -80,248 8418 27.57 -5% ($1,278,097) ($123,371) ($24,107) 10.4 53.0 $1,154,726 $1,253,990 CZ11 PG&E -98,041 10252 32.73 -7% ($1,279,528) ($278,242) ($35,158) 4.6 36.4 $1,001,286 $1,244,370 CZ12 PG&E -100,080 10403 33.24 -9% ($1,282,834) ($480,347) ($38,715) 2.7 33.1 $802,487 $1,244,119 CZ12-2 SMUD -100,080 10403 33.24 -9% ($1,282,834) ($23,362) ($38,715) 54.9 33.1 $1,259,472 $1,244,119 CZ13 PG&E -94,607 10029 32.47 -7% ($1,279,301) ($276,944) $244,552 4.6 >1 $1,002,357 $1,523,853 CZ14 SDG&E -97,959 10056 31.91 -7% ($1,279,893) ($302,123) ($37,769) 4.2 33.9 $977,770 $1,242,124 CZ14-2 SCE -97,959 10056 31.91 -7% ($1,279,893) ($129,082) ($37,769) 9.9 33.9 $1,150,811 $1,242,124 CZ15 SCE -45,226 5579 20.17 0.04% ($1,276,847) ($6,533) $227 195.4 >1 $1,270,314 $1,277,074 CZ16 PG&E -198,840 17599 47.73 -39% ($1,288,450) ($605,601) ($185,438) 2.1 6.9 $682,848 $1,103,011 CZ16-2 LADWP -198,840 17599 47.73 -39% ($1,288,450) $40,268 ($185,438) >1 6.9 $1,328,718 $1,103,011 Page H-1.130
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 43 2019-07-15

4.4 Cost Effectiveness Results – PV-only and PV+Battery The Reach Code Team ran packages of PV-only and PV+Battery measures, without any additional efficiency measures, to assess cost effectiveness on top of the mixed-fuel baseline building and the allelectric federal code minimum reference (Package 2 in Sections 4.1 – 4.3).

Jurisdictions interested in adopting PV-only reach codes should reference the mixed-fuel cost effectiveness results because a mixed-fuel building is the baseline for the nonresidential prototypes analyzed in this study. PV or PV+Battery packages are added to all-electric federal code minimum reference which (in many scenarios) do not have a positive compliance margin compared to the mixedfuel baseline model, and are solely provided for informational purposes. Jurisdictions interested in reach codes requiring all-electric+PV or all-electric+PV+battery should reference package 3B results in Sections

4.1 – 4.3.
25 Each of the following eight packages were evaluated against a mixed fuel baseline designed as per 2019 Title 24 Part 6 requirements.
♦ Mixed-Fuel + 3 kW PV Only:
♦ Mixed-Fuel + 3 kW PV + 5 kWh battery
♦ Mixed-Fuel + PV Only: PV sized per the roof size of the building, or to offset the annual electricity consumption, whichever is smaller
♦ Mixed-Fuel + PV + 50 kWh Battery: PV sized per the roof size of the building, or to offset the annual electricity consumption, whichever is smaller, along with 50 kWh battery ♦ All-Electric + 3 kW PV Only
♦ All-Electric + 3 kW PV + 5 kWh Battery
♦ All-Electric + PV Only: PV sized per the roof size of the building, or to offset the annual electricity consumption, whichever is smaller
♦ All-Electric + PV + 50 kWh Battery: PV sized per the roof size of the building, or to offset the annual electricity consumption, whichever is smaller, along with 50 kWh battery Figure 38 through Figure 40 summarize the on-bill and TDV B/C ratios for each prototype for the two PV only packages and the two PV plus battery packages. Compliance margins are 0 percent for all mixed-fuel packages. For all-electric packages, compliance margins are equal to those found in Package 2 for each prototype in Sections 4.1 – 4.3. The compliance margins are not impacted by renewables and battery storage measures and hence not shown in the tables. These figures are formatted in the following way:
♦ Cells highlighted in green have a B/C ratio greater than 1 and are cost-effective. The shade of green gets darker as cost effectiveness increases.
♦ Cells not highlighted have a B/C ratio less than one and are not cost effective. 25 Because this study shows that the addition of battery generally reduces cost effectiveness, removing a battery measure would only increase cost effectiveness. Thus, a jurisdiction can apply the EE+PV+Battery cost effectiveness findings to support EE+PV reach codes, because EE+PV would still remain cost effective without a battery.

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2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 44 2019-07-15
Please see Appendix 6.7 for results in full detail. Generally, for mixed-fuel packages across all prototypes, all climate zones were proven to have cost effective outcomes using TDV except in CZ1 with a 3 kW PV + 5 kWh Battery scenario. Most climate zones also had On-Bill cost effectiveness. The addition of a battery slightly reduces cost effectiveness.

In all-electric packages, the results for most climate zones were found cost effective using both TDV and On-Bill approaches with larger PV systems or PV+Battery systems. Most 3 kW PV systems were also found to be cost effective except in some scenarios analyzing the Medium Office using the On-Bill method. CZ16 results continue to show challenges being cost effective with all electric buildings, likely due to the high heating loads in this climate. The addition of a battery slightly reduces the cost effectiveness for allelectric buildings with PV.

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2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 45 2019-07-15
Figure 38. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office - PV and Battery PV
Battery
Utility On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV CZ01 PG&E 2.8 1.5 1.7 0.9 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.2 0.9 1.6 0.9 1.6 2.5 2.0 2.1 1.7 CZ02 PG&E 3.7 1.9 2.1 1.1 2.2 1.6 2.0 1.4 0.8 2.2 0.9 2.6 3.2 2.4 2.7 2.1 CZ03 PG&E 3.7 1.8 2.2 1.0 2.1 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.9 3.9 2.0 4.0 3.4 2.5 2.9 2.2 CZ04 PG&E 3.6 2.0 2.1 1.2 2.3 1.6 2.1 1.5 0.9 2.1 1.1 2.7 3.3 2.5 2.9 2.2 CZ04-2 CPAU 2.1 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 7.7 2.1 9.8 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.5 2.2 CZ05 PG&E 4.2 1.9 2.4 1.1 2.5 1.6 2.3 1.5 1.8 2.7 1.9 2.7 4.0 2.7 3.4 2.3 CZ05-2 SCG 4.2 1.9 2.4 1.1 2.5 1.6 2.3 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 3.0 9.4 2.6 CZ06 SCE 2.0 2.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.5 >1 7.2 >1 8.2 2.4 2.7 2.1 2.3 CZ06-2 LA 1.2 2.0 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.6 0.7 1.5 >1 7.2 >1 8.2 1.5 2.7 1.3 2.3 CZ07 SDG&E 3.2 2.0 1.9 1.2 2.1 1.6 1.9 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 3.7 2.7 3.2 2.3 CZ08 SCE 1.9 2.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 2.2 2.7 1.9 2.4 CZ08-2 LA 1.2 2.0 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.7 0.7 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 1.3 2.7 1.1 2.4 CZ09 SCE 1.9 2.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 2.2 2.6 1.9 2.3 CZ09-2 LA 1.1 2.0 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.7 0.7 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 1.3 2.6 1.2 2.3 CZ10 SDG&E 3.8 1.9 2.2 1.1 2.1 1.6 1.9 1.5 >1 3.3 >1 6.3 3.3 2.3 2.9 2.0 CZ10-2 SCE 2.1 1.9 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.5 >1 3.3 >1 6.3 2.0 2.3 1.8 2.0 CZ11 PG&E 3.6 1.9 2.1 1.1 2.2 1.6 2.0 1.5 1.1 2.6 1.5 3.6 3.2 2.4 2.8 2.1 CZ12 PG&E 3.5 1.9 2.1 1.1 2.2 1.6 2.0 1.5 0.9 2.5 1.2 3.2 3.1 2.4 2.7 2.1 CZ12-2 SMUD 1.4 1.9 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.04 1.5 >1 2.5 >1 3.2 1.9 2.4 1.6 2.1 CZ13 PG&E 3.5 1.8 2.0 1.1 2.2 1.5 2.0 1.4 1.1 2.5 1.5 3.6 3.1 2.3 2.7 2.0 CZ14 SDG&E 3.4 2.3 2.0 1.3 2.2 1.9 2.0 1.7 >1 2.3 >1 3.1 3.6 2.8 3.2 2.5 CZ14-2 SCE 1.9 2.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.2 1.7 >1 2.3 >1 3.1 2.2 2.8 1.9 2.5 CZ15 SCE 1.8 2.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.1 1.6 >1 7.5 >1 >1 1.8 2.4 1.6 2.1 CZ16 PG&E 3.9 2.0 2.3 1.1 2.3 1.6 2.1 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 2.5 1.8 2.2 1.6 CZ16-2 LA 1.2 2.0 0.7 1.1 0.7 1.6 0.7 1.5 >1 0.4 >1 0.6 1.3 1.8 1.2 1.6 CZ
135kW
0 5kWh 0 50kWh
3kW
0 135kW
0 3kW
5kWh
135kW
50kWh
Mixed Fuel All-Electric
3kW 3kW 135kW
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2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 46 2019-07-15
Figure 39. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail - PV and Battery PV
Battery
Utility On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV CZ01 PG&E 2.3 1.5 1.3 0.9 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.2 >1 3.0 >1 2.7 2.5 1.6 2.2 1.5 CZ02 PG&E 3.2 1.8 1.9 1.1 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 2.7 2.1 2.3 1.9 CZ03 PG&E 2.7 1.8 1.6 1.1 2.2 1.5 2.0 1.4 >1 >1 >1 >1 3.0 2.1 2.6 1.9 CZ04 PG&E 3.3 1.9 1.9 1.1 2.0 1.6 1.9 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 2.7 2.1 2.5 2.0 CZ04-2 CPAU 2.1 1.9 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.0 CZ05 PG&E 2.8 1.9 1.6 1.1 2.3 1.6 2.0 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 3.2 2.1 2.7 2.0 CZ05-2 SCG 2.8 1.9 1.6 1.1 2.3 1.6 2.0 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 3.7 1.9 3.2 1.6 CZ06 SCE 2.0 1.9 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 1.7 2.2 1.5 2.0 CZ06-2 LA 1.3 1.9 0.7 1.1 0.7 1.6 0.6 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 1.01 2.2 0.9 2.0 CZ07 SDG&E 4.0 2.0 2.4 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 >1 >1 >1 >1 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.1 CZ08 SCE 2.1 2.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.1 1.6 >1 >1 >1 >1 1.7 2.4 1.5 2.1 CZ08-2 LA 1.3 2.0 0.8 1.2 0.7 1.7 0.6 1.6 >1 >1 >1 >1 1.01 2.4 0.9 2.1 CZ09 SCE 2.0 2.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.1 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 1.8 2.4 1.6 2.1 CZ09-2 LA 1.2 2.0 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.7 0.7 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 1.1 2.4 0.99 2.1 CZ10 SDG&E 3.8 2.0 2.2 1.2 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.0 CZ10-2 SCE 2.0 2.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 1.8 2.3 1.6 2.0 CZ11 PG&E 2.8 1.9 1.6 1.1 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.1 CZ12 PG&E 3.0 1.9 1.7 1.1 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.1 CZ12-2 SMUD 1.5 1.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.6 0.997 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 1.7 2.3 1.4 2.1 CZ13 PG&E 3.0 1.9 1.7 1.1 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.4 >1 >1 >1 >1 2.7 2.2 2.4 1.9 CZ14 SDG&E 3.5 2.2 2.1 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.6 >1 >1 >1 >1 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.2 CZ14-2 SCE 1.8 2.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.1 1.6 >1 >1 >1 >1 1.7 2.6 1.5 2.2 CZ15 SCE 1.9 2.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.02 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 1.7 2.4 1.5 2.1 CZ16 PG&E 3.7 2.0 2.1 1.2 2.1 1.7 1.9 1.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 2.7 2.0 2.3 1.8 CZ16-2 LA 1.3 2.0 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.7 0.6 1.6 >1 0.5 >1 0.4 1.2 2.0 1.0 1.8 3kW 3kW 90 kW
0 5kWh 0 50kWh
CZ
Mixed Fuel
0 5kWh 0 50kWh
3kW 3kW 90 kW 90 kW
All-Electric
90 kW
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2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 47 2019-07-15
Figure 40. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel - PV and Battery PV
Battery
Utility On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV On-Bill TDV CZ01 PG&E 2.3 1.5 1.3 0.9 1.9 1.2 1.6 1.1 2.3 >1 2.3 >1 4.8 >1 4.7 >1 CZ02 PG&E 2.3 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.4 5.6 >1 5.6 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ03 PG&E 2.7 1.8 1.6 1.05 2.3 1.5 1.9 1.4 4.2 >1 4.2 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ04 PG&E 2.4 1.9 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 6.2 >1 6.2 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ04-2 CPAU 2.1 1.9 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ05 PG&E 2.9 1.9 1.7 1.1 2.4 1.6 2.0 1.5 3.9 >1 3.9 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ05-2 SCG 2.9 1.9 1.7 1.1 2.4 1.6 2.0 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ06 SCE 1.8 1.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.6 0.9 1.4 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ06-2 LA 1.1 1.9 0.7 1.1 0.7 1.6 0.6 1.4 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ07 SDG&E 2.6 2.0 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ08 SCE 1.9 2.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.0 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ08-2 LA 1.2 2.0 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.7 0.6 1.5 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ09 SCE 1.9 1.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.6 0.997 1.4 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ09-2 LA 1.1 1.9 0.7 1.1 0.7 1.6 0.6 1.4 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ10 SDG&E 2.9 1.9 1.7 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4 8.2 >1 8.2 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ10-2 SCE 1.7 1.9 0.99 1.1 1.2 1.6 0.99 1.4 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ11 PG&E 2.6 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 7.6 >1 7.6 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ12 PG&E 2.7 1.9 1.6 1.1 2.3 1.6 1.9 1.4 4.0 >1 4.0 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ12-2 SMUD 1.4 1.9 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.6 0.95 1.4 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ13 PG&E 2.6 1.8 1.5 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.4 7.7 >1 7.7 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ14 SDG&E 3.0 2.2 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.6 4.2 >1 4.2 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ14-2 SCE 1.8 2.2 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.1 1.6 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ15 SCE 1.7 2.0 1.002 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.003 1.4 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 CZ16 PG&E 2.7 2.0 1.6 1.2 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.5 2.1 5.7 2.1 5.6 5.8 >1 5.8 >1 CZ16-2 LA 1.02 2.0 0.6 1.2 0.6 1.6 0.6 1.5 >1 5.7 >1 5.6 >1 >1 >1 >1 5kWh 50kWh 0
CZ
Mixed Fuel All-Electric
3kW 3kW 80kW 80kW 3kW 3kW 80kW 80kW
0 0 5kWh 0 50kWh
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2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 48 2019-07-15
5 Summary, Conclusions, and Further Considerations
The Reach Codes Team developed packages of energy efficiency measures as well as packages combining energy efficiency with PV generation and battery storage systems, simulated them in building modeling software, and gathered costs to determine the cost effectiveness of multiple scenarios. The Reach Codes team coordinated assumptions with multiple utilities, cities, and building community experts to develop a set of assumptions considered reasonable in the current market. Changing assumptions, such as the period of analysis, measure selection, cost assumptions, energy escalation rates, or utility tariffs are likely to change results.

5.1 Summary
Figure 41 through Figure 43 summarize results for each prototype and depict the compliance margins achieved for each climate zone and package. Because local reach codes must both exceed the Energy Commission performance budget (i.e., have a positive compliance margin) and be cost-effective, the Reach Code Team highlighted cells meeting these two requirements to help clarify the upper boundary for potential reach code policies:
♦ Cells highlighted in green depict a positive compliance margin and cost-effective results using both On-Bill and TDV approaches.
♦ Cells highlighted in yellow depict a positive compliance and cost-effective results using either the On-Bill or TDV approach.
♦ Cells not highlighted either depict a negative compliance margin or a package that was not cost effective using either the On-Bill or TDV approach.

For more detail on the results in the Figures, please refer to Section 4 Results. As described in Section 4.4, PV-only and PV+Battery packages in the mixed-fuel building were found to be cost effective across all prototypes, climate zones, and packages using the TDV approach, and results are not reiterated in the following figures.

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2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 49 2019-07-15
Figure 41. Medium Office Summary of Compliance Margin and Cost Effectiveness CZ Utility
Mixed Fuel All Electric
EE EE + PV + B HE Fed Code EE EE + PV + B HE
CZ01 PG&E 18% 18% 3% -15% 7% 7% -14%
CZ02 PG&E 17% 17% 4% -7% 10% 10% -5%
CZ03 PG&E 20% 20% 3% -7% 16% 16% -6%
CZ04 PG&E 14% 14% 5% -6% 9% 9% -3%
CZ04-2 CPAU 14% 14% 5% -6% 9% 9% -3%
CZ05 PG&E 18% 18% 4% -8% 12% 12% -6%
CZ05-2 SCG 18% 18% 4% NA NA NA NA
CZ06 SCE 20% 20% 3% -4% 18% 18% -2%
CZ06-2 LADWP 20% 20% 3% -4% 18% 18% -2%
CZ07 SDG&E 20% 20% 4% -2% 20% 20% 1%
CZ08 SCE 18% 18% 4% -2% 18% 18% 1%
CZ08-2 LADWP 18% 18% 4% -2% 18% 18% 1%
CZ09 SCE 16% 16% 4% -2% 15% 15% 2%
CZ09-2 LADWP 16% 16% 4% -2% 15% 15% 2%
CZ10 SDG&E 17% 17% 4% -4% 13% 13% -1%
CZ10-2 SCE 17% 17% 4% -4% 13% 13% -1%
CZ11 PG&E 13% 13% 5% -4% 10% 10% 0%
CZ12 PG&E 14% 14% 5% -5% 10% 10% -1%
CZ12-2 SMUD 14% 14% 5% -5% 10% 10% -1%
CZ13 PG&E 13% 13% 5% -4% 9% 9% 0%
CZ14 SDG&E 14% 14% 5% -5% 9% 9% -1%
CZ14-2 SCE 14% 14% 5% -5% 9% 9% -1%
CZ15 SCE 12% 12% 5% -2% 10% 10% 3%
CZ16 PG&E 14% 14% 5% -27% -15% -15% -26%
CZ16-2 LADWP 14% 14% 5% -27% -15% -15% -26%
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Figure 42. Medium Retail Summary of Compliance Margin and Cost Effectiveness CZ Utility
Mixed Fuel All Electric
EE EE + PV + B HE Fed Code EE EE + PV + B HE
CZ01 PG&E 18% 18% 2% -4.1% 15% 15% -2%
CZ02 PG&E 13% 13% 3% -1.0% 13% 13% 3%
CZ03 PG&E 16% 16% 2% -0.4% 16% 16% 2%
CZ04 PG&E 14% 14% 3% -0.1% 14% 14% 3%
CZ04-2 CPAU 14% 14% 3% -0.1% 14% 14% 3%
CZ05 PG&E 16% 16% 1% -1.2% 15% 15% 1%
CZ05-2 SCG 16% 16% 1% NA NA NA NA
CZ06 SCE 10% 10% 3% 0.5% 11% 11% 3%
CZ06-2 LADWP 10% 10% 3% 0.5% 11% 11% 3%
CZ07 SDG&E 13% 13% 2% 0.3% 13% 13% 3%
CZ08 SCE 10% 10% 3% 0.4% 10% 10% 4%
CZ08-2 LADWP 10% 10% 3% 0.4% 10% 10% 4%
CZ09 SCE 10% 10% 4% 0.4% 10% 10% 4%
CZ09-2 LADWP 10% 10% 4% 0.4% 10% 10% 4%
CZ10 SDG&E 12% 12% 4% 0.1% 12% 12% 4%
CZ10-2 SCE 12% 12% 4% 0.1% 12% 12% 4%
CZ11 PG&E 13% 13% 4% 0.5% 12% 12% 5%
CZ12 PG&E 13% 13% 4% -0.1% 12% 12% 4%
CZ12-2 SMUD 13% 13% 4% -0.1% 12% 12% 4%
CZ13 PG&E 15% 15% 4% -0.4% 14% 14% 4%
CZ14 SDG&E 13% 13% 4% 0.7% 15% 15% 5%
CZ14-2 SCE 13% 13% 4% 0.7% 15% 15% 5%
CZ15 SCE 12% 12% 5% 0.9% 12% 12% 6%
CZ16 PG&E 13% 13% 3% -12.2% 3% 3% -8%
CZ16-2 LADWP 13% 13% 3% -12.2% 3% 3% -8%
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Figure 43. Small Hotel Summary of Compliance Margin and Cost Effectiveness CZ Utility
Mixed Fuel All Electric
EE EE + PV + B HE Fed Code EE EE + PV + B HE
CZ01 PG&E 9% 9% 2% -28% 1% 1% -24%
CZ02 PG&E 7% 7% 3% -12% 4% 4% -11%
CZ03 PG&E 10% 10% 2% -14% 6% 6% -14%
CZ04 PG&E 6% 6% 2% -13% 0.2% 0.2% -13%
CZ04-2 CPAU 6% 6% 2% -13% 0.2% 0.2% -13%
CZ05 PG&E 9% 9% 2% -15% 5% 5% -15%
CZ05-2 SCG 9% 9% 2% NA NA NA NA
CZ06 SCE 8% 8% 2% -5% 7% 7% -15%
CZ06-2 LADWP 8% 8% 2% -5% 7% 7% -15%
CZ07 SDG&E 8% 8% 2% -7% 7% 7% -7%
CZ08 SCE 7% 7% 2% -6% 3% 3% -6%
CZ08-2 LADWP 7% 7% 2% -6% 3% 3% -6%
CZ09 SCE 6% 6% 3% -6% 2% 2% -4%
CZ09-2 LADWP 6% 6% 3% -6% 2% 2% -4%
CZ10 SDG&E 5% 5% 4% -8% 2% 2% -5%
CZ10-2 SCE 5% 5% 4% -8% 2% 2% -5%
CZ11 PG&E 4% 4% 4% -10% 1% 1% -7%
CZ12 PG&E 5% 5% 4% -10% 2% 2% -9%
CZ12-2 SMUD 5% 5% 4% -10% 2% 2% -9%
CZ13 PG&E 4% 4% 3% -10% 0.3% 0.3% -7%
CZ14 SDG&E 4% 4% 4% -11% 0.1% 0.1% -7%
CZ14-2 SCE 4% 4% 4% -11% 0.1% 0.1% -7%
CZ15 SCE 3% 3% 5% -4% 2% 2% 0.04%
CZ16 PG&E 6% 6% 3% -50% -14% -14% -39%
CZ16-2 LADWP 6% 6% 3% -50% -14% -14% -39%

5.2 Conclusions and Further Considerations
Findings are specific to the scenarios analyzed under this specific methodology, and largely pertain to office, retail, and hotel-type occupancies. Nonresidential buildings constitute a wide variety of occupancy profiles and process loads, making findings challenging to generalize across multiple building types.

Findings indicate the following overall conclusions:

1. This study assumed that electrifying space heating and service water heating could eliminate natural gas infrastructure alone, because these were the only gas end-uses included the prototypes. Avoiding the installation of natural gas infrastructure results in significant cost savings and is a primary factor toward cost-effective outcomes in all-electric designs, even with necessary increases in electrical capacity.

2. There is ample opportunity for cost effective energy efficiency improvements, as demonstrated by the compliance margins achieved in many of the efficiency-only and efficiency + PV packages.

Though much of the energy savings are attributable to lighting measures, efficiency measures selected for these prototypes are confined to the building systems that can be modeled. There is Page H-1.139
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 52 2019-07-15
likely further opportunity for energy savings through measures that cannot be currently demonstrated in compliance software, such as high-performance control sequences or variable speed parallel fan powered boxes.

3. High efficiency appliances triggering federal preemption do not achieve as high compliance margins as the other efficiency measures analyzed in this study. Cost effectiveness appears to be dependent on the system type and building type. Nonetheless, specifying high efficiency equipment will always be a key feature in integrated design.

4. Regarding the Small Hotel prototype:
a. The Small Hotel presents a challenging prototype to cost-effectively exceed the state’s energy performance budget without efficiency measures. The Reach Code Team is uncertain of the precision of the results due to the inability to directly model either drain water heat recovery or a central heat pump water heater with a recirculation loop. b. Hotel results may be applicable to high-rise (4 or more stories) multifamily buildings. Both hotel and multifamily buildings have the same or similar mandatory and prescriptive compliance options for hot water systems, lighting, and envelope. Furthermore, the Alternate Calculation Method Reference Manual specifies the same baseline HVAC system for both building types.
c. Hotel compliance margins were the lowest among the three building types analyzed, and thus the most conservative performance thresholds applicable to other nonresidential buildings not analyzed in this study. As stated previously, the varying occupancy and energy profiles of nonresidential buildings makes challenging to directly apply these results across all buildings.

5. Many all-electric and solar PV packages demonstrated greater GHG reductions than their mixedfuel counterparts, contrary to TDV-based performance, suggesting a misalignment among the TDV metric and California’s long-term GHG-reduction goals. The Energy Commission has indicated that they are aware of this issue and are seeking to address it.

6. Changes to the Nonresidential Alternative Calculation Method (ACM) Reference Manual can drastically impact results. Two examples include:
a. When performance modeling residential buildings, the Standard Design is electric if the Proposed Design is electric, which removes TDV-related penalties and associated negative compliance margins. This essentially allows for a compliance pathway for all-electric residential buildings. If nonresidential buildings were treated in the same way, all-electric cost effectiveness using the TDV approach would improve. b. The baseline mixed-fuel system for a hotel includes a furnace in each guest room, which carries substantial plumbing costs and labor costs for assembly. A change in the baseline system would lead to different base case costs and different cost effectiveness outcomes.

7. All-electric federal code-minimum packages appear to be cost effective, largely due to avoided natural gas infrastructure, but in most cases do not comply with the Energy Commission’s minimum performance budget (as described in item 7a above). For most cases it appears that adding cost-effective efficiency measures achieves compliance. All-electric nonresidential projects can leverage the initial cost savings of avoiding natural gas infrastructure by adding energy efficiency measures that would not be cost effective independently.

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6 Appendices

6.1 Map of California Climate Zones
Climate zone geographical boundaries are depicted in Figure 44. The map in Figure 44 along with a zipcode search directory is available at:
https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/maps/renewable/building_climate_zones.html Figure 44. Map of California Climate Zones
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6.2 Lighting Efficiency Measures
Figure 45 details the applicability and impact of each lighting efficiency measure by prototype and space function and includes the resulting LPD that is modeled as the proposed by building type and by space function.

Figure 45. Impact of Lighting Measures on Proposed LPDs by Space Function

Space Function
Baseline Impact
Modeled
Proposed
LPD
(W/ft2)
Interior
Lighting
Reduced
LPD
Institutional
Tuning
Daylight
Dimming
Plus OFF
Occupant
Sensing in
Open Office
Plan
LPD
(W/ft2)
Medium Office
Office Area (Open plan office) -
Interior 0.65 15% 10% - 17% 0.429
Office Area (Open plan office) -
Perimeter 0.65 15% 5% 10% 30% 0.368
Medium Retail
Commercial/Industrial Storage
(Warehouse) 0.45 10% 5% - - 0.386
Main Entry Lobby 0.85 10% 5% - - 0.729
Retail Sales Area (Retail
Merchandise Sales) 0.95 5% 5% - - 0.857
Small Hotel
Commercial/Industrial Storage
(Warehouse) 0.45 10% 5% - - 0.386
Convention, Conference,
Multipurpose, and Meeting 0.85 10% 5% - - 0.729
Corridor Area 0.60 10% 5% - - 0.514
Exercise/Fitness Center and
Gymnasium Areas 0.50 10% - - - 0.450
Laundry Area 0.45 10% - - - 0.405
Lounge, Breakroom, or Waiting
Area 0.65 10% 5% - - 0.557
Mechanical 0.40 10% - - - 0.360
Office Area (>250 ft2) 0.65 10% 5% - - 0.557

6.3 Drain Water Heat Recovery Measure Analysis
To support potential DWHR savings in the Small Hotel prototype, the Reach Code Team modeled the drain water heat recovery measure in CBECC-Res 2019 in the all-electric and mixed fuel 6,960 ft2 prototype residential buildings. The Reach Code Team assumed one heat recovery device for every three showers assuming unequal flow to the shower. Based on specifications from three different drain water heat recovery device manufacturers for device effectiveness in hotel applications, the team assumed a heat recovery efficiency of 50 percent.

The Reach Code Team modeled mixed fuel and all-electric residential prototype buildings both with and without heat recovery in each climate zone. Based on these model results, the Reach Code Team determined the percentage savings of domestic water heating energy in terms of gas, electricity, and TDV for mixed fuel and all-electric, in each climate zone. The Reach Code Team then applied the savings Page H-1.142
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percentages to the Small Hotel prototype domestic water heating energy in both the mixed-fuel and allelectric to determine energy savings for the drain water heat recovery measure in the Small Hotel. The Reach Code Team applied volumetric energy rates to estimate on-bill cost impacts from this measure.

6.4 Utility Rate Schedules
The Reach Codes Team used the IOU and POU rates depicted in Figure 46 to determine the On-Bill savings for each prototype.

Figure 46. Utility Tariffs Analyzed Based on Climate Zone – Detailed View Climate
Zones
Electric /
Gas Utility
Electricity (Time-of-use) Natural Gas
Medium Office Medium Retail Small Hotel All Prototypes
CZ01 PG&E A-10 A-1 A-1 or A-10 G-NR1
CZ02 PG&E A-10 A-10 A-1 or A-10 G-NR1
CZ03 PG&E A-10 A-1 or A-10 A-1 or A-10 G-NR1
CZ04 PG&E A-10 A-10 A-1 or A-10 G-NR1
CZ04-2 CPAU/PG&E E-2 E-2 E-2 G-NR1
CZ05 PG&E A-10 A-1 A-1 or A-10 G-NR1
CZ05-2 PG&E/SCG A-10 A-1 A-1 or A-10 G-10 (GN-10)
CZ06 SCE/SCG TOU-GS-2 TOU-GS-2 TOU-GS-2 or TOU-GS-3 G-10 (GN-10) CZ06 LADWP/SCG TOU-GS-2 TOU-GS-2 TOU-GS-2 or TOU-GS-3 G-10 (GN-10) CZ07 SDG&E
AL-TOU+EECC
(AL-TOU)
AL-TOU+EECC
(AL-TOU)
AL-TOU+EECC
(AL-TOU) GN-3
CZ08 SCE/SCG TOU-GS-2 TOU-GS-2 TOU-GS-2 or TOU-GS-3 G-10 (GN-10) CZ08-2 LADWP/SCG A-2 (B) A-2 (B) A-2 (B) G-10 (GN-10)
CZ09 SCE/SCG TOU-GS-2 TOU-GS-2 TOU-GS-2 or TOU-GS-3 G-10 (GN-10) CZ09-2 LADWP/SCG A-2 (B) A-2 (B) A-2 (B) G-10 (GN-10)
CZ10 SCE/SCG TOU-GS-2 TOU-GS-2 TOU-GS-2 G-10 (GN-10)
CZ10-2 SDG&E
AL-TOU+EECC
(AL-TOU)
AL-TOU+EECC
(AL-TOU)
AL-TOU+EECC
(AL-TOU) GN-3
CZ11 PG&E A-10 A-10 A-10 G-NR1
CZ12 PG&E A-10 A-10 A-1 or A-10 G-NR1
CZ12-2 SMUD/PG&E GS GS GS G-NR1
CZ13 PG&E A-10 A-10 A-10 G-NR1
CZ14 SCE/SCG TOU-GS-3 TOU-GS-3 TOU-GS-3 G-10 (GN-10)
CZ14-2 SDG&E
AL-TOU+EECC
(AL-TOU)
AL-TOU+EECC
(AL-TOU)
AL-TOU+EECC
(AL-TOU) GN-3
CZ15 SCE/SCG TOU-GS-3 TOU-GS-2 TOU-GS-2 G-10 (GN-10)
CZ16 PG&E A-10 A-10 A-1 or A-10 G-NR1
CZ16-2 LADWP/SCG A-2 (B) A-2 (B) A-2 (B) G-10 (GN-10)
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6.5 Mixed Fuel Baseline Energy Figures
Figures 47 to 49 show the annual electricity and natural gas consumption and cost, compliance TDV, and GHG emissions for each prototype under the mixed fuel design baseline.

Figure 47. Medium Office – Mixed Fuel Baseline
Climate
Zone Utility
Electricity
Consumption
(kWh)
Natural Gas
Consumption
(Therms)
Electricity
Cost
Natural
Gas Cost
Compliance
TDV
GHG
Emissions
(lbs)
Medium Office Mixed Fuel Baseline
CZ01 PG&E 358,455 4,967 $109,507 $6,506 84 266,893
CZ02 PG&E 404,865 3,868 $130,575 $5,256 122 282,762
CZ03 PG&E 370,147 3,142 $116,478 $4,349 88 251,759
CZ04 PG&E 431,722 3,759 $140,916 $5,144 141 299,993
CZ04-2 CPAU 431,722 3,759 $75,363 $5,144 141 299,993
CZ05 PG&E 400,750 3,240 $131,277 $4,481 106 269,768
CZ05-2 SCG 400,750 3,240 $131,277 $3,683 106 269,768
CZ06 SCE 397,441 2,117 $74,516 $2,718 105 253,571
CZ06-2 LA 397,441 2,117 $44,311 $2,718 105 253,571
CZ07 SDG&E 422,130 950 $164,991 $4,429 118 257,324
CZ08 SCE 431,207 1,219 $79,181 $1,820 132 265,179
CZ08-2 LA 431,207 1,219 $46,750 $1,820 132 265,179
CZ09 SCE 456,487 1,605 $86,190 $2,196 155 287,269
CZ09-2 LA 456,487 1,605 $51,111 $2,196 155 287,269
CZ10 SDG&E 431,337 2,053 $173,713 $5,390 130 272,289
CZ10-2 SCE 431,337 2,053 $80,636 $2,603 130 272,289
CZ11 PG&E 464,676 3,062 $150,520 $4,333 163 310,307
CZ12 PG&E 441,720 3,327 $142,902 $4,647 152 299,824
CZ12-2 SMUD 441,720 3,327 $65,707 $4,647 152 299,824
CZ13 PG&E 471,540 3,063 $150,919 $4,345 161 316,228
CZ14 SDG&E 467,320 3,266 $185,812 $6,448 165 314,258
CZ14-2 SCE 467,320 3,266 $92,071 $3,579 165 314,258
CZ15 SCE 559,655 1,537 $105,388 $2,058 211 347,545
CZ16 PG&E 405,269 6,185 $127,201 $8,056 116 312,684
CZ16-2 LA 405,269 6,185 $43,115 $8,056 116 312,684
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Figure 48. Medium Retail – Mixed Fuel Baseline
Climate
Zone Utility
Electricity
Consumption
(kWh)
Natural Gas
Consumption
(Therms)
Electricity
Cost
Natural
Gas Cost
Compliance
TDV
GHG
Emissions
(lbs)
Medium Retail Mixed Fuel Baseline
CZ01 PG&E 184,234 3,893 $43,188 $5,247 155 156,972
CZ02 PG&E 214,022 2,448 $70,420 $3,572 202 157,236
CZ03 PG&E 199,827 1,868 $47,032 $2,871 165 140,558
CZ04 PG&E 208,704 1,706 $66,980 $2,681 187 143,966
CZ04-2 CPAU 208,704 1,706 $36,037 $2,681 187 143,966
CZ05 PG&E 195,864 1,746 $45,983 $2,697 155 135,849
CZ05-2 SCG 195,864 1,746 $45,983 $2,342 155 135,849
CZ06 SCE 211,123 1,002 $36,585 $1,591 183 135,557
CZ06-2 LA 211,123 1,002 $21,341 $1,591 183 135,557
CZ07 SDG&E 211,808 522 $75,486 $4,055 178 130,436
CZ08 SCE 212,141 793 $36,758 $1,373 190 133,999
CZ08-2 LA 212,141 793 $21,436 $1,373 190 133,999
CZ09 SCE 227,340 970 $40,083 $1,560 218 146,680
CZ09-2 LA 227,340 970 $23,487 $1,560 218 146,680
CZ10 SDG&E 235,465 1,262 $87,730 $4,700 228 154,572
CZ10-2 SCE 235,465 1,262 $41,000 $1,853 228 154,572
CZ11 PG&E 234,560 2,415 $76,670 $3,547 244 170,232
CZ12 PG&E 228,958 2,309 $75,084 $3,426 234 165,133
CZ12-2 SMUD 228,958 2,309 $32,300 $3,426 234 165,133
CZ13 PG&E 242,927 1,983 $81,995 $3,034 258 170,345
CZ14 SDG&E 264,589 1,672 $97,581 $5,059 277 178,507
CZ14-2 SCE 264,589 1,672 $46,217 $2,172 277 178,507
CZ15 SCE 290,060 518 $50,299 $1,083 300 179,423
CZ16 PG&E 212,204 4,304 $67,684 $5,815 197 180,630
CZ16-2 LA 212,204 4,304 $20,783 $5,815 197 180,630
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Figure 49. Small Hotel – Mixed Fuel Baseline
Climate
Zone Utility
Electricity
Consumption
(kWh)
Natural Gas
Consumption
(Therms)
Electricity
Cost
Natural
Gas Cost
Compliance
TDV
GHG
Emissions
(lbs)
Small Hotel Mixed Fuel Baseline
CZ01 PG&E 184,234 3,893 $43,188 $5,247 155 340,491
CZ02 PG&E 214,022 2,448 $70,420 $3,572 202 293,056
CZ03 PG&E 199,827 1,868 $47,032 $2,871 165 284,217
CZ04 PG&E 208,704 1,706 $66,980 $2,681 187 281,851
CZ04-2 CPAU 208,704 1,706 $36,037 $2,681 187 281,851
CZ05 PG&E 195,864 1,746 $45,983 $2,697 155 281,183
CZ05-2 SCG 195,864 1,746 $45,983 $2,342 155 281,183
CZ06 SCE 211,123 1,002 $36,585 $1,591 183 244,664
CZ06-2 LA 211,123 1,002 $21,341 $1,591 183 244,664
CZ07 SDG&E 211,808 522 $75,486 $4,055 178 233,884
CZ08 SCE 212,141 793 $36,758 $1,373 190 236,544
CZ08-2 LA 212,141 793 $21,436 $1,373 190 236,544
CZ09 SCE 227,340 970 $40,083 $1,560 218 242,296
CZ09-2 LA 227,340 970 $23,487 $1,560 218 242,296
CZ10 SDG&E 235,465 1,262 $87,730 $4,700 228 255,622
CZ10-2 SCE 235,465 1,262 $41,000 $1,853 228 255,622
CZ11 PG&E 234,560 2,415 $76,670 $3,547 244 282,232
CZ12 PG&E 228,958 2,309 $75,084 $3,426 234 270,262
CZ12-2 SMUD 228,958 2,309 $32,300 $3,426 234 270,262
CZ13 PG&E 242,927 1,983 $81,995 $3,034 258 284,007
CZ14 SDG&E 264,589 1,672 $97,581 $5,059 277 283,287
CZ14-2 SCE 264,589 1,672 $46,217 $2,172 277 283,287
CZ15 SCE 290,060 518 $50,299 $1,083 300 260,378
CZ16 PG&E 212,204 4,304 $67,684 $5,815 197 358,590
CZ16-2 LA 212,204 4,304 $20,783 $5,815 197 358,590

6.6 Hotel TDV Cost Effectiveness with Propane Baseline
The Reach Codes Team further analyzed TDV cost effectiveness of the all-electric packages with a mixedfuel design baseline using propane instead of natural gas. Results for each package are shown in Figure

50. through Figure 53. below.

All electric models compared to a propane baseline have positive compliance margins in all climate zones when compared to results using a natural gas baseline. Compliance margin improvement is roughly 30 percent, which also leads to improved cost effectiveness for the all-electric packages. These outcomes are likely due to the TDV penalty associated with propane when compared to natural gas.

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Across packages, TDV cost effectiveness with a propane baseline follows similar trends as the natural gas baseline. Adding efficiency measures increased compliance margins by 3 to 10 percent depending on climate zone, while adding high efficiency HVAC and SHW equipment alone increased compliance margins by smaller margins of about 2 to 4 percent compared to the All-Electric package.

Figure 50. TDV Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel, Propane Baseline – Package 2 AllElectric Federal Code Minimum Climate
Zone
Complianc
e
Margin
(%)
Incremental
Package Cost $-TDV Savings
B/C Ratio
(TDV) NPV (TDV)
CZ01 -4% ($1,271,869) ($28,346) 44.9 $1,243,523
CZ02 27% ($1,272,841) $170,263 >1 $1,443,104
CZ03 -3% ($1,275,114) ($16,425) 77.6 $1,258,689
CZ04 26% ($1,274,949) $155,466 >1 $1,430,414
CZ05 27% ($1,275,002) $154,709 >1 $1,429,710
CZ06 17% ($1,275,143) $126,212 >1 $1,401,355
CZ07 25% ($1,273,490) $117,621 >1 $1,391,111
CZ08 24% ($1,271,461) $122,087 >1 $1,393,548
CZ09 23% ($1,273,259) $123,525 >1 $1,396,784
CZ10 18% ($1,270,261) $109,522 >1 $1,379,783
CZ11 19% ($1,271,070) $129,428 >1 $1,400,498
CZ12 -4% ($1,272,510) ($26,302) 48.4 $1,246,208
CZ13 18% ($1,270,882) $124,357 >1 $1,395,239
CZ14 17% ($1,271,241) $117,621 >1 $1,388,861
CZ15 -7% ($1,269,361) ($45,338) 28.0 $1,224,023
CZ16 9% ($1,275,637) $68,272 >1 $1,343,908
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Figure 51. TDV Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel, Propane Baseline – Package 3A (AllElectric + EE) Climate
Zone
Compliance
Margin (%)
Incremental
Package Cost $-TDV Savings
B/C Ratio
(TDV) NPV (TDV)
CZ01 35% ($1,250,898) $252,831 >1 $1,503,729
CZ02 34% ($1,251,870) $217,238 >1 $1,469,108
CZ03 37% ($1,254,142) $218,642 >1 $1,472,784
CZ04 31% ($1,250,769) $191,393 >1 $1,442,162
CZ05 36% ($1,254,031) $208,773 >1 $1,462,804
CZ06 25% ($1,250,964) $159,714 >1 $1,410,677
CZ07 32% ($1,249,311) $154,111 >1 $1,403,422
CZ08 29% ($1,247,282) $146,536 >1 $1,393,818
CZ09 27% ($1,249,080) $146,671 >1 $1,395,751
CZ10 22% ($1,246,081) $134,477 >1 $1,380,559
CZ11 23% ($1,246,891) $157,138 >1 $1,404,029
CZ12 27% ($1,248,330) $167,945 >1 $1,416,276
CZ13 22% ($1,246,703) $149,270 >1 $1,395,973
CZ14 21% ($1,247,061) $145,269 >1 $1,392,331
CZ15 14% ($1,245,182) $93,647 >1 $1,338,829
CZ16 20% ($1,254,665) $154,035 >1 $1,408,701
Figure 52. TDV Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel, Propane Baseline – Package 3B (AllElectric + EE + PV) Climate
Zone
Compliance
Margin (%)
Incremental
Package Cost $-TDV Savings B/C Ratio (TDV) NPV (TDV)
CZ01 35% ($1,043,528) $511,688 >1 $1,555,215
CZ02 34% ($1,044,500) $524,460 >1 $1,568,960
CZ03 37% ($1,046,772) $518,485 >1 $1,565,257
CZ04 31% ($1,043,399) $505,579 >1 $1,548,978
CZ05 36% ($1,046,660) $526,668 >1 $1,573,328
CZ06 25% ($1,043,594) $469,623 >1 $1,513,216
CZ07 32% ($1,041,941) $471,513 >1 $1,513,454
CZ08 29% ($1,039,912) $475,973 >1 $1,515,885
CZ09 27% ($1,041,710) $467,971 >1 $1,509,681
CZ10 22% ($1,038,711) $454,832 >1 $1,493,543
CZ11 23% ($1,039,521) $474,844 >1 $1,514,364
CZ12 27% ($1,040,960) $484,667 >1 $1,525,627
CZ13 22% ($1,039,333) $454,108 >1 $1,493,441
CZ14 21% ($1,039,691) $505,398 >1 $1,545,090
CZ15 14% ($1,037,811) $423,879 >1 $1,461,691
CZ16 20% ($1,047,295) $480,407 >1 $1,527,702
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Figure 53. TDV Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel, Propane Baseline – Package 3C (All Electric + HE)
Climate
Zone
Compliance
Margin (%)
Incremental
Package Cost $-TDV Savings B/C Ratio (TDV) NPV (TDV)
CZ01 27% ($1,256,423) $194,975 >1 $1,451,398
CZ02 28% ($1,258,328) $177,378 >1 $1,435,706
CZ03 28% ($1,263,867) $164,094 >1 $1,427,961
CZ04 26% ($1,262,963) $155,314 >1 $1,418,277
CZ05 26% ($1,263,327) $153,271 >1 $1,416,598
CZ06 17% ($1,263,779) $122,011 >1 $1,385,790
CZ07 24% ($1,260,844) $116,751 >1 $1,377,594
CZ08 25% ($1,256,326) $122,995 >1 $1,379,321
CZ09 24% ($1,260,223) $128,482 >1 $1,388,706
CZ10 20% ($1,253,181) $121,595 >1 $1,374,776
CZ11 21% ($1,254,613) $143,658 >1 $1,398,271
CZ12 23% ($1,257,919) $142,901 >1 $1,400,820
CZ13 21% ($1,254,386) $138,625 >1 $1,393,011
CZ14 20% ($1,254,978) $136,430 >1 $1,391,407
CZ15 14% ($1,251,932) $96,087 >1 $1,348,019
CZ16 15% ($1,263,534) $122,011 >1 $1,385,545
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6.7 PV-only and PV+Battery-only Cost Effectiveness Results Details The Reach Code Tea evaluated cost effectiveness of installing a PV system and battery storage in six different measure combinations over a 2019 code-compliant baseline for all climate zones. The baseline for all nonresidential buildings is a mixed-fuel design.

All mixed fuel models are compliant with 2019 Title24, whereas all electric models can show negative compliance. The compliance margin is the same as that of their respective federal minimum design and is not affected by addition of solar PV or battery. These scenarios evaluate the cost effectiveness of PV and/or battery measure individually. The climate zones where all-electric design is not compliant will have the flexibility to ramp up the efficiency of appliance or add another measure to be code compliant, as per package 1B and 3B in main body of the report. The large negative lifecycle costs in all electric packages are due to lower all-electric HVAC system costs and avoided natural gas infrastructure costs. This is commonly applied across all climate zones and packages over any additional costs for PV and battery.

6.7.1 Cost Effectiveness Results – Medium Office
Figure 54 through Figure 61 contain the cost-effectiveness findings for the Medium Office packages. Notable findings for each package include:
♦ Mixed-Fuel + 3 kW PV Only: All packages are cost effective using the On-Bill and TDV approaches. ♦ Mixed-Fuel + 3 kW PV + 5 kWh Battery: The packages are mostly cost effective on a TDV basis except in CZ1. As compared to the 3 kW PV only package, battery reduces cost effectiveness. This package is not cost effective for LADWP and SMUD territories using an On-Bill approach.
♦ Mixed-Fuel + PV only: The packages are less cost effective as compared to 3 kW PV packages in most climate zones. In areas served by LADWP, the B/C ratio is narrowly less than 1 and not cost effective. ♦ Mixed-Fuel + PV + 50 kWh Battery: The packages are cost effective in all climate zones except for in the areas served by LADWP. On-Bill and TDV B/C ratios are slightly lower compared to the PV only package. ♦ All-Electric + 3 kW PV: Packages are on-bill cost effective in ten of sixteen climate zones. Climate zones 1,2,4,12, and 16 were not found to be cost-effective from an on-bill perspective. These zones are within PG&E’s service area. Packages are cost effective using TDV in all climate zones except CZ16.
♦ All-Electric + 3 kW PV + 5 kWh Battery: Packages are slightly more cost effective than the previous minimal PV only package. Packages are on-bill cost effective in most climate zones except for 1,2 and 16 from an on-bill perspective. These zones are within PG&E’s service area.

Packages are cost effective using TDV in all climate zones except CZ16. ♦ All-Electric + PV only: All packages are cost effective and achieve savings using the On-Bill and TDV approaches.

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♦ All-Electric + PV + 50 kWh Battery: All packages are cost effective and achieve savings using the On-Bill and TDV approaches. On-Bill and TDV B/C ratios are slightly lower compared to the PV only package.

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Figure 54. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office - Mixed Fuel + 3kW PV CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
Lifecycle $-
TDV Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV
(On-bill)
NPV
(TDV)
Mixed Fuel + 3kW PV
CZ01 PG&E 3,941 0 0.8 $5,566 $15,743 $8,448 2.8 1.5 $10,177 $2,882 CZ02 PG&E 4,785 0 0.9 $5,566 $20,372 $10,500 3.7 1.9 $14,806 $4,934 CZ03 PG&E 4,660 0 0.9 $5,566 $20,603 $9,975 3.7 1.8 $15,037 $4,409 CZ04 PG&E 5,056 0 1.0 $5,566 $20,235 $11,073 3.6 2.0 $14,669 $5,507 CZ04-2 CPAU 5,056 0 1.0 $5,566 $11,945 $11,073 2.1 2.0 $6,379 $5,507 CZ05 PG&E 5,027 0 1.0 $5,566 $23,159 $10,834 4.2 1.9 $17,593 $5,268 CZ06 SCE 4,853 0 0.9 $5,566 $10,968 $10,930 2.0 2.0 $5,402 $5,364 CZ06-2 LADWP 4,853 0 0.9 $5,566 $6,575 $10,930 1.2 2.0 $1,009 $5,364 CZ07 SDG&E 4,960 0 1.0 $5,566 $17,904 $11,025 3.2 2.0 $12,338 $5,459 CZ08 SCE 4,826 0 0.9 $5,566 $10,768 $11,359 1.9 2.0 $5,202 $5,793 CZ08-2 LADWP 4,826 0 0.9 $5,566 $6,503 $11,359 1.2 2.0 $937 $5,793 CZ09 SCE 4,889 0 1.0 $5,566 $10,622 $11,216 1.9 2.0 $5,056 $5,650 CZ09-2 LADWP 4,889 0 1.0 $5,566 $6,217 $11,216 1.1 2.0 $651 $5,650 CZ10 SDG&E 4,826 0 0.9 $5,566 $21,280 $10,787 3.8 1.9 $15,714 $5,221 CZ10-2 SCE 4,826 0 0.9 $5,566 $11,598 $10,787 2.1 1.9 $6,032 $5,221 CZ11 PG&E 4,701 0 0.9 $5,566 $19,869 $10,644 3.6 1.9 $14,303 $5,078 CZ12 PG&E 4,707 0 0.9 $5,566 $19,643 $10,644 3.5 1.9 $14,077 $5,078 CZ12-2 SMUD 4,707 0 0.9 $5,566 $8,005 $10,644 1.4 1.9 $2,439 $5,078 CZ13 PG&E 4,633 0 0.9 $5,566 $19,231 $10,262 3.5 1.8 $13,665 $4,696 CZ14 SDG&E 5,377 0 1.0 $5,566 $18,789 $12,600 3.4 2.3 $13,223 $7,034 CZ14-2 SCE 5,377 0 1.0 $5,566 $10,512 $12,600 1.9 2.3 $4,946 $7,034 CZ15 SCE 5,099 0 1.0 $5,566 $10,109 $11,550 1.8 2.1 $4,543 $5,984 CZ16 PG&E 5,096 0 1.0 $5,566 $21,836 $10,882 3.9 2.0 $16,270 $5,316 CZ16-2 LADWP 5,096 0 1.0 $5,566 $6,501 $10,882 1.2 2.0 $935 $5,316 Page H-1.152
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 65 2019-07-15
Figure 55. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office – Mixed Fuel + 3kW PV + 5 kWh Battery CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
$-TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Mixed Fuel + 3kW PV + 5kWh Battery
CZ01 PG&E 3,941 0 0.8 $9,520 $15,743 $8,448 1.7 0.9 $6,223 ($1,072) CZ02 PG&E 4,785 0 0.9 $9,520 $20,372 $10,500 2.1 1.1 $10,852 $980 CZ03 PG&E 4,660 0 0.9 $9,520 $20,603 $9,975 2.2 1.0 $11,083 $455 CZ04 PG&E 5,056 0 1.0 $9,520 $20,235 $11,073 2.1 1.2 $10,714 $1,553 CZ04-2 CPAU 5,056 0 1.0 $9,520 $11,945 $11,073 1.3 1.2 $2,425 $1,553 CZ05 PG&E 5,027 0 1.0 $9,520 $23,159 $10,834 2.4 1.1 $13,639 $1,314 CZ06 SCE 4,853 0 0.9 $9,520 $10,968 $10,930 1.2 1.1 $1,448 $1,410 CZ06-2 LADWP 4,853 0 0.9 $9,520 $6,575 $10,930 0.7 1.1 ($2,945) $1,410 CZ07 SDG&E 4,960 0 1.0 $9,520 $17,904 $11,025 1.9 1.2 $8,384 $1,505 CZ08 SCE 4,826 0 0.9 $9,520 $10,768 $11,359 1.1 1.2 $1,248 $1,839 CZ08-2 LADWP 4,826 0 0.9 $9,520 $6,503 $11,359 0.7 1.2 ($3,017) $1,839 CZ09 SCE 4,889 0 1.0 $9,520 $10,622 $11,216 1.1 1.2 $1,102 $1,696 CZ09-2 LADWP 4,889 0 1.0 $9,520 $6,217 $11,216 0.7 1.2 ($3,303) $1,696 CZ10 SDG&E 4,826 0 0.9 $9,520 $21,280 $10,787 2.2 1.1 $11,760 $1,267 CZ10-2 SCE 4,826 0 0.9 $9,520 $11,598 $10,787 1.2 1.1 $2,078 $1,267 CZ11 PG&E 4,701 0 0.9 $9,520 $19,869 $10,644 2.1 1.1 $10,349 $1,123 CZ12 PG&E 4,707 0 0.9 $9,520 $19,643 $10,644 2.1 1.1 $10,123 $1,123 CZ12-2 SMUD 4,707 0 0.9 $9,520 $8,005 $10,644 0.8 1.1 ($1,515) $1,123 CZ13 PG&E 4,633 0 0.9 $9,520 $19,231 $10,262 2.0 1.1 $9,711 $742 CZ14 SDG&E 5,377 0 1.0 $9,520 $18,789 $12,600 2.0 1.3 $9,269 $3,080 CZ14-2 SCE 5,377 0 1.0 $9,520 $10,512 $12,600 1.1 1.3 $992 $3,080 CZ15 SCE 5,099 0 1.0 $9,520 $10,109 $11,550 1.1 1.2 $589 $2,030 CZ16 PG&E 5,096 0 1.0 $9,520 $21,836 $10,882 2.3 1.1 $12,316 $1,362 CZ16-2 LADWP 5,096 0 1.0 $9,520 $6,501 $10,882 0.7 1.1 ($3,019) $1,362 Page H-1.153
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 66 2019-07-15
Figure 56. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office – Mixed Fuel + 135kW PV CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
Lifecycle
TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Mixed Fuel +135kW PV
CZ01 PG&E 177,340 0 34.3 $302,856 $526,352 $380,399 1.7 1.3 $223,497 $77,544 CZ02 PG&E 215,311 0 41.5 $302,856 $666,050 $471,705 2.2 1.6 $363,194 $168,849 CZ03 PG&E 209,717 0 40.7 $302,856 $645,010 $449,797 2.1 1.5 $342,154 $146,942 CZ04 PG&E 227,535 0 44.0 $302,856 $686,434 $497,431 2.3 1.6 $383,578 $194,575 CZ04-2 CPAU 227,535 0 44.0 $302,856 $537,521 $497,431 1.8 1.6 $234,665 $194,575 CZ05 PG&E 226,195 0 44.1 $302,856 $753,230 $486,596 2.5 1.6 $450,374 $183,741 CZ06 SCE 218,387 0 42.3 $302,856 $401,645 $492,515 1.3 1.6 $98,789 $189,659 CZ06-2 LADWP 218,387 0 42.3 $302,856 $233,909 $492,515 0.8 1.6 ($68,947) $189,659 CZ07 SDG&E 223,185 0 43.3 $302,856 $623,078 $496,667 2.1 1.6 $320,223 $193,811 CZ08 SCE 217,171 0 42.0 $302,856 $389,435 $510,270 1.3 1.7 $86,579 $207,414 CZ08-2 LADWP 217,171 0 42.0 $302,856 $222,066 $510,270 0.7 1.7 ($80,790) $207,414 CZ09 SCE 220,010 0 43.2 $302,856 $387,977 $505,783 1.3 1.7 $85,122 $202,928 CZ09-2 LADWP 220,010 0 43.2 $302,856 $226,516 $505,783 0.7 1.7 ($76,340) $202,928 CZ10 SDG&E 217,148 0 42.5 $302,856 $632,726 $485,451 2.1 1.6 $329,870 $182,595 CZ10-2 SCE 217,148 0 42.5 $302,856 $394,884 $485,451 1.3 1.6 $92,028 $182,595 CZ11 PG&E 211,556 0 40.9 $302,856 $671,691 $478,912 2.2 1.6 $368,835 $176,056 CZ12 PG&E 211,824 0 40.9 $302,856 $653,242 $478,101 2.2 1.6 $350,386 $175,245 CZ12-2 SMUD 211,824 0 40.9 $302,856 $345,255 $478,101 1.1 1.6 $42,399 $175,245 CZ13 PG&E 208,465 0 40.5 $302,856 $651,952 $462,732 2.2 1.5 $349,096 $159,876 CZ14 SDG&E 241,965 0 46.7 $302,856 $659,487 $566,351 2.2 1.9 $356,632 $263,496 CZ14-2 SCE 241,965 0 46.7 $302,856 $401,712 $566,351 1.3 1.9 $98,856 $263,496 CZ15 SCE 229,456 0 43.9 $302,856 $378,095 $520,102 1.2 1.7 $75,239 $217,246 CZ16 PG&E 229,317 0 44.8 $302,856 $707,095 $489,508 2.3 1.6 $404,239 $186,652 CZ16-2 LADWP 229,317 0 44.8 $302,856 $223,057 $489,508 0.7 1.6 ($79,799) $186,652 Page H-1.154
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 67 2019-07-15
Figure 57. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office – Mixed Fuel + 135kW PV + 50 kWh Battery CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
Lifecycle
TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Mixed Fuel + 135kW PV + 50 kWh Battery
CZ01 PG&E 176,903 0 35.3 $330,756 $525,948 $381,450 1.6 1.2 $195,192 $50,694 CZ02 PG&E 214,861 0 42.6 $330,756 $665,864 $472,898 2.0 1.4 $335,108 $142,142 CZ03 PG&E 209,255 0 41.8 $330,756 $644,170 $451,611 1.9 1.4 $313,414 $120,855 CZ04 PG&E 227,076 0 45.0 $330,756 $685,605 $502,108 2.1 1.5 $354,849 $171,352 CZ04-2 CPAU 227,076 0 45.0 $330,756 $536,463 $502,108 1.6 1.5 $205,707 $171,352 CZ05 PG&E 225,752 0 45.1 $330,756 $753,558 $487,742 2.3 1.5 $422,803 $156,986 CZ06 SCE 217,939 0 43.4 $330,756 $401,356 $494,042 1.2 1.5 $70,601 $163,286 CZ06-2 LADWP 217,939 0 43.4 $330,756 $233,673 $494,042 0.7 1.5 ($97,083) $163,286 CZ07 SDG&E 222,746 0 44.4 $330,756 $628,383 $498,147 1.9 1.5 $297,627 $167,391 CZ08 SCE 216,724 0 43.1 $330,756 $389,184 $511,511 1.2 1.5 $58,428 $180,755 CZ08-2 LADWP 216,724 0 43.1 $330,756 $221,839 $511,511 0.7 1.5 ($108,917) $180,755 CZ09 SCE 219,563 0 44.2 $330,756 $387,728 $506,929 1.2 1.5 $56,972 $176,173 CZ09-2 LADWP 219,563 0 44.2 $330,756 $226,303 $506,929 0.7 1.5 ($104,453) $176,173 CZ10 SDG&E 216,700 0 43.5 $330,756 $638,040 $486,644 1.9 1.5 $307,284 $155,888 CZ10-2 SCE 216,700 0 43.5 $330,756 $394,633 $486,644 1.2 1.5 $63,877 $155,888 CZ11 PG&E 211,129 0 41.9 $330,756 $670,932 $481,298 2.0 1.5 $340,177 $150,543 CZ12 PG&E 211,386 0 41.9 $330,756 $652,465 $482,826 2.0 1.5 $321,709 $152,070 CZ12-2 SMUD 211,386 0 41.9 $330,756 $344,668 $482,826 1.0 1.5 $13,913 $152,070 CZ13 PG&E 208,045 0 41.5 $330,756 $651,191 $473,280 2.0 1.4 $320,435 $142,524 CZ14 SDG&E 241,502 0 47.7 $330,756 $672,601 $569,454 2.0 1.7 $341,846 $238,698 CZ14-2 SCE 241,502 0 47.7 $330,756 $401,450 $569,454 1.2 1.7 $70,694 $238,698 CZ15 SCE 229,062 0 44.8 $330,756 $377,827 $521,963 1.1 1.6 $47,071 $191,208 CZ16 PG&E 228,825 0 45.9 $330,756 $706,201 $496,190 2.1 1.5 $375,445 $165,434 CZ16-2 LADWP 228,825 0 45.9 $330,756 $222,802 $496,190 0.7 1.5 ($107,953) $165,434 Page H-1.155
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 68 2019-07-15
Figure 58. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office– All-Electric + 3kW PV CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
Lifecycle TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV) NPV (On-bill) NPV (TDV)
All-Electric + 3kW PV
CZ01 PG&E -49,716 4967 10.9 ($80,523) ($84,765) ($49,972) 0.9 1.6 ($4,242) $30,551 CZ02 PG&E -44,899 3868 6.0 ($66,965) ($83,115) ($30,928) 0.8 2.2 ($16,150) $36,037 CZ03 PG&E -31,226 3142 6.5 ($75,600) ($39,441) ($19,617) 1.9 3.9 $36,159 $55,983 CZ04 PG&E -43,772 3759 5.7 ($62,282) ($70,999) ($29,496) 0.9 2.1 ($8,717) $32,786 CZ04-2 CPAU -43,772 3759 5.7 ($62,282) ($8,050) ($29,496) 7.7 2.1 $54,232 $32,786 CZ05 PG&E -35,504 3240 5.5 ($77,773) ($42,559) ($29,162) 1.8 2.7 $35,214 $48,611 CZ06 SCE -21,321 2117 4.0 ($69,422) $35,862 ($9,641) >1 7.2 $105,284 $59,781 CZ06-2 LADWP -21,321 2117 4.0 ($69,422) $32,936 ($9,641) >1 7.2 $102,358 $59,781 CZ07 SDG&E -7,943 950 1.9 ($63,595) $64,781 ($382) >1 166.6 $128,376 $63,214 CZ08 SCE -10,854 1219 2.5 ($62,043) $28,651 ($1,289) >1 48.1 $90,694 $60,755 CZ08-2 LADWP -10,854 1219 2.5 ($62,043) $25,122 ($1,289) >1 48.1 $87,165 $60,755 CZ09 SCE -14,878 1605 3.3 ($56,372) $31,542 ($3,246) >1 17.4 $87,913 $53,126 CZ09-2 LADWP -14,878 1605 3.3 ($56,372) $28,145 ($3,246) >1 17.4 $84,517 $53,126 CZ10 SDG&E -22,588 2053 3.1 ($41,171) $59,752 ($12,553) >1 3.3 $100,924 $28,619 CZ10-2 SCE -22,588 2053 3.1 ($41,171) $32,039 ($12,553) >1 3.3 $73,211 $28,619 CZ11 PG&E -35,455 3062 4.5 ($57,257) ($53,776) ($22,194) 1.1 2.6 $3,481 $35,063 CZ12 PG&E -38,704 3327 5.0 ($61,613) ($66,808) ($24,819) 0.9 2.5 ($5,195) $36,794 CZ12-2 SMUD -38,704 3327 5.0 ($61,613) $2,897 ($24,819) >1 2.5 $64,510 $36,794 CZ13 PG&E -35,016 3063 4.7 ($55,996) ($52,159) ($22,146) 1.1 2.5 $3,836 $33,849 CZ14 SDG&E -38,945 3266 4.5 ($58,426) $24,867 ($25,821) >1 2.3 $83,293 $32,605 CZ14-2 SCE -38,945 3266 4.5 ($58,426) $15,338 ($25,821) >1 2.3 $73,764 $32,605 CZ15 SCE -14,818 1537 2.8 ($29,445) $22,852 ($3,914) >1 7.5 $52,298 $25,532 CZ16 PG&E -88,966 6185 6.6 ($57,366) ($193,368) ($139,989) 0.3 0.4 ($136,002) ($82,623) CZ16-2 LADWP -88,966 6185 6.6 ($57,366) $36,354 ($139,989) >1 0.4 $93,720 ($82,623) Page H-1.156
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 69 2019-07-15
Figure 59. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office – All-Electric + 3kW PV + 5 kWh Battery CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
$-TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
All-Electric + 3kW PV + 5 kWh Battery
CZ01 PG&E -49,716 4967 10.9 ($78,897) ($84,765) ($49,972) 0.9 1.6 ($5,868) $28,925 CZ02 PG&E -44,899 3868 6.0 ($78,897) ($83,115) ($30,928) 0.9 2.6 ($4,218) $47,969 CZ03 PG&E -31,226 3142 6.5 ($78,897) ($39,441) ($19,617) 2.0 4.0 $39,456 $59,280 CZ04 PG&E -43,772 3759 5.7 ($78,897) ($70,999) ($29,496) 1.1 2.7 $7,898 $49,400 CZ04-2 CPAU -43,772 3759 5.7 ($78,897) ($8,050) ($29,496) 9.8 2.7 $70,847 $49,400 CZ05 PG&E -35,504 3240 5.5 ($78,897) ($42,559) ($29,162) 1.9 2.7 $36,338 $49,735 CZ06 SCE -21,321 2117 4.0 ($78,897) $35,862 ($9,641) >1 8.2 $114,759 $69,256 CZ06-2 LADWP -21,321 2117 4.0 ($78,897) $32,936 ($9,641) >1 8.2 $111,833 $69,256 CZ07 SDG&E -7,943 950 1.9 ($78,897) $64,781 ($382) >1 206.6 $143,678 $78,515 CZ08 SCE -10,854 1219 2.5 ($78,897) $28,651 ($1,289) >1 61.2 $107,548 $77,608 CZ08-2 LADWP -10,854 1219 2.5 ($78,897) $25,122 ($1,289) >1 61.2 $104,019 $77,608 CZ09 SCE -14,878 1605 3.3 ($78,897) $31,542 ($3,246) >1 24.3 $110,439 $75,651 CZ09-2 LADWP -14,878 1605 3.3 ($78,897) $28,145 ($3,246) >1 24.3 $107,042 $75,651 CZ10 SDG&E -22,588 2053 3.1 ($78,897) $59,752 ($12,553) >1 6.3 $138,649 $66,344 CZ10-2 SCE -22,588 2053 3.1 ($78,897) $32,039 ($12,553) >1 6.3 $110,936 $66,344 CZ11 PG&E -35,455 3062 4.5 ($78,897) ($53,776) ($22,194) 1.5 3.6 $25,121 $56,703 CZ12 PG&E -38,704 3327 5.0 ($78,897) ($66,808) ($24,819) 1.2 3.2 $12,089 $54,078 CZ12-2 SMUD -38,704 3327 5.0 ($78,897) $2,897 ($24,819) >1 3.2 $81,794 $54,078 CZ13 PG&E -35,016 3063 4.7 ($78,897) ($52,159) ($22,146) 1.5 3.6 $26,738 $56,751 CZ14 SDG&E -38,945 3266 4.5 ($78,897) $24,867 ($25,821) >1 3.1 $103,764 $53,076 CZ14-2 SCE -38,945 3266 4.5 ($78,897) $15,338 ($25,821) >1 3.1 $94,235 $53,076 CZ15 SCE -14,818 1537 2.8 ($78,897) $22,852 ($3,914) >1 20.2 $101,749 $74,983 CZ16 PG&E -88,966 6185 6.6 ($78,897) ($193,368) ($139,989) 0.4 0.6 ($114,472) ($61,092) CZ16-2 LADWP -88,966 6185 6.6 ($78,897) $36,354 ($139,989) >1 0.6 $115,250 ($61,092) Page H-1.157
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 70 2019-07-15
Figure 60. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office – All-Electric + 135kW PV CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
Lifecycle
TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
All-Electric + 135kW PV
CZ01 PG&E 123,683 4967 44.5 $163,217 $405,731 $321,979 2.5 2.0 $242,514 $158,762 CZ02 PG&E 165,627 3868 46.6 $176,775 $562,528 $430,276 3.2 2.4 $385,753 $253,501 CZ03 PG&E 173,831 3142 46.3 $168,140 $575,864 $420,205 3.4 2.5 $407,725 $252,066 CZ04 PG&E 178,706 3759 48.7 $181,458 $601,431 $456,861 3.3 2.5 $419,973 $275,403 CZ04-2 CPAU 178,706 3759 48.7 $181,458 $517,526 $456,861 2.9 2.5 $336,069 $275,403 CZ05 PG&E 185,664 3240 48.6 $165,967 $664,842 $446,600 4.0 2.7 $498,875 $280,633 CZ06 SCE 192,214 2117 45.3 $174,317 $423,657 $471,944 2.4 2.7 $249,340 $297,626 CZ06-2 LADWP 192,214 2117 45.3 $174,317 $259,270 $471,944 1.5 2.7 $84,953 $297,626 CZ07 SDG&E 210,282 950 44.3 $180,145 $669,979 $485,260 3.7 2.7 $489,834 $305,115 CZ08 SCE 201,491 1219 43.5 $181,696 $407,277 $497,622 2.2 2.7 $225,580 $315,925 CZ08-2 LADWP 201,491 1219 43.5 $181,696 $240,657 $497,622 1.3 2.7 $58,960 $315,925 CZ09 SCE 200,242 1605 45.6 $187,368 $408,922 $491,322 2.2 2.6 $221,554 $303,953 CZ09-2 LADWP 200,242 1605 45.6 $187,368 $248,452 $491,322 1.3 2.6 $61,084 $303,953 CZ10 SDG&E 189,734 2053 44.7 $202,568 $667,551 $462,111 3.3 2.3 $464,982 $259,543 CZ10-2 SCE 189,734 2053 44.7 $202,568 $412,659 $462,111 2.0 2.3 $210,091 $259,543 CZ11 PG&E 171,399 3062 44.5 $186,483 $597,807 $446,074 3.2 2.4 $411,324 $259,592 CZ12 PG&E 168,413 3327 45.0 $182,127 $571,758 $442,638 3.1 2.4 $389,632 $260,511 CZ12-2 SMUD 168,413 3327 45.0 $182,127 $343,602 $442,638 1.9 2.4 $161,475 $260,511 CZ13 PG&E 168,817 3063 44.3 $187,744 $581,964 $430,324 3.1 2.3 $394,220 $242,580 CZ14 SDG&E 197,643 3266 50.1 $185,314 $667,762 $527,930 3.6 2.8 $482,449 $342,616 CZ14-2 SCE 197,643 3266 50.1 $185,314 $408,424 $527,930 2.2 2.8 $223,110 $342,616 CZ15 SCE 209,539 1537 45.7 $214,294 $390,267 $504,638 1.8 2.4 $175,972 $290,343 CZ16 PG&E 135,255 6185 50.4 $186,374 $470,199 $338,637 2.5 1.8 $283,825 $152,263 CZ16-2 LADWP 135,255 6185 50.4 $186,374 $250,807 $338,637 1.3 1.8 $64,433 $152,263 Page H-1.158
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 71 2019-07-15
Figure 61. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Office – All-Electric + 135kW PV + 50 kWh Battery CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
Lifecycle
TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
All-Electric + 135kW PV + 50 kWh Battery
CZ01 PG&E 123,280 4967 45.4 $191,117 $404,994 $323,077 2.1 1.7 $213,877 $131,960 CZ02 PG&E 165,200 3868 47.7 $204,675 $561,747 $431,469 2.7 2.1 $357,072 $226,795 CZ03 PG&E 173,384 3142 47.4 $196,040 $575,043 $422,019 2.9 2.2 $379,003 $225,979 CZ04 PG&E 178,259 3759 49.8 $209,358 $600,621 $461,634 2.9 2.2 $391,263 $252,276 CZ04-2 CPAU 178,259 3759 49.8 $209,358 $516,495 $461,634 2.5 2.2 $307,137 $252,276 CZ05 PG&E 185,229 3240 49.7 $193,867 $664,046 $447,793 3.4 2.3 $470,179 $253,926 CZ06 SCE 191,767 2117 46.5 $202,217 $423,369 $473,519 2.1 2.3 $221,152 $271,301 CZ06-2 LADWP 191,767 2117 46.5 $202,217 $259,033 $473,519 1.3 2.3 $56,816 $271,301 CZ07 SDG&E 209,848 950 45.4 $208,045 $675,307 $486,787 3.2 2.3 $467,262 $278,743 CZ08 SCE 201,047 1219 44.7 $209,596 $407,027 $498,910 1.9 2.4 $197,430 $289,314 CZ08-2 LADWP 201,047 1219 44.7 $209,596 $240,432 $498,910 1.1 2.4 $30,835 $289,314 CZ09 SCE 199,802 1605 46.6 $215,268 $408,676 $492,515 1.9 2.3 $193,408 $277,246 CZ09-2 LADWP 199,802 1605 46.6 $215,268 $248,242 $492,515 1.2 2.3 $32,974 $277,246 CZ10 SDG&E 189,293 2053 45.7 $230,468 $672,867 $463,352 2.9 2.0 $442,399 $232,884 CZ10-2 SCE 189,293 2053 45.7 $230,468 $412,412 $463,352 1.8 2.0 $181,944 $232,884 CZ11 PG&E 170,987 3062 45.5 $214,383 $597,062 $448,509 2.8 2.1 $382,680 $234,126 CZ12 PG&E 167,995 3327 46.0 $210,027 $571,002 $447,411 2.7 2.1 $360,975 $237,384 CZ12-2 SMUD 167,995 3327 46.0 $210,027 $343,043 $447,411 1.6 2.1 $133,017 $237,384 CZ13 PG&E 168,408 3063 45.3 $215,644 $581,225 $440,920 2.7 2.0 $365,580 $225,275 CZ14 SDG&E 197,188 3266 51.2 $213,214 $680,893 $531,080 3.2 2.5 $467,679 $317,866 CZ14-2 SCE 197,188 3266 51.2 $213,214 $408,166 $531,080 1.9 2.5 $194,952 $317,866 CZ15 SCE 209,148 1537 46.6 $242,194 $390,000 $506,499 1.6 2.1 $147,806 $264,305 CZ16 PG&E 134,809 6185 51.4 $214,274 $469,378 $341,978 2.2 1.6 $255,105 $127,704 CZ16-2 LADWP 134,809 6185 51.4 $214,274 $250,580 $341,978 1.2 1.6 $36,306 $127,704 Page H-1.159
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 72 2019-07-15

6.7.2 Cost Effectiveness Results – Medium Retail
Figure 62 through Figure 69 contain the cost-effectiveness findings for the Medium Retail packages. Notable findings for each package include:
♦ Mixed-Fuel + 3 kW PV: Packages are cost effective and achieve savings for all climate zones using the On-Bill and TDV approaches. ♦ Mixed-Fuel + 3 kW PV + 5 kWh Battery: The packages are less cost effective as compared to the 3 kW PV only package and not cost effective for LADWP and SMUD service area.
♦ Mixed-Fuel + PV only: Packages achieve positive energy cost savings and are cost effective using the On-Bill approach for all climate zones except for LADWP territory (CZs 6, 8, 9 and 16). Packages achieve positive savings and are cost effective using the TDV approach for all climate zones.
♦ Mixed Fuel + PV + 5 kWh Battery: Adding battery slightly reduces On-Bill B/C ratios but is still cost effective for all climate zones except for LADWP territory. Packages achieve savings and cost effective using the TDV approach for all climate zones. ♦ All-Electric + 3 kW PV: Packages are cost effective using the On-Bill and TDV approach for all climate zones except for CZ16 under PG&E service.
♦ All-Electric + 3 kW PV + 5 kWh Battery: Similar to minimal PV only package, adding battery is cost effective as well using the On-Bill and TDV approach for all climate zones except for CZ16 under PG&E service. ♦ All-Electric + PV only: Packages are cost effective and achieve savings in all climate zones for both the On-Bill and TDV approaches ♦ All-Electric + PV + 50 kWh Battery: Adding battery slightly reduces B/C ratios for both the On-Bill and TDV approaches. Packages are not cost effective for all climate zones except CZ6, CZ8 and CZ9 under LADWP service area.

Page H-1.160
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 73 2019-07-15
Figure 62. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail – Mixed-Fuel + 3kW PV CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
Lifecycle
TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV
(On-bill)
NPV
(TDV)
Mixed Fuel + 3kW PV
CZ01 PG&E 3,941 0 0.76 $5,566 $12,616 $8,460 2.3 1.5 $7,050 $2,894 CZ02 PG&E 4,685 0 0.91 $5,566 $17,635 $10,262 3.2 1.8 $12,069 $4,696 CZ03 PG&E 4,733 0 0.92 $5,566 $15,146 $10,152 2.7 1.8 $9,580 $4,586 CZ04 PG&E 4,834 0 0.94 $5,566 $18,519 $10,614 3.3 1.9 $12,953 $5,048 CZ04-2 CPAU 4,834 0 0.94 $5,566 $11,507 $10,614 2.1 1.9 $5,941 $5,048 CZ05 PG&E 4,910 0 0.95 $5,566 $15,641 $10,548 2.8 1.9 $10,075 $4,982 CZ06 SCE 4,769 0 0.93 $5,566 $11,374 $10,724 2.0 1.9 $5,808 $5,158 CZ06-2 LA 4,769 0 0.93 $5,566 $7,069 $10,724 1.3 1.9 $1,503 $5,158 CZ07 SDG&E 4,960 0 0.96 $5,566 $22,452 $11,031 4.0 2.0 $16,886 $5,465 CZ08 SCE 4,826 0 0.93 $5,566 $11,838 $11,339 2.1 2.0 $6,272 $5,773 CZ08-2 LA 4,826 0 0.93 $5,566 $7,342 $11,339 1.3 2.0 $1,776 $5,773 CZ09 SCE 4,889 0 0.96 $5,566 $11,187 $11,229 2.0 2.0 $5,621 $5,663 CZ09-2 LA 4,889 0 0.96 $5,566 $6,728 $11,229 1.2 2.0 $1,162 $5,663 CZ10 SDG&E 4,948 0 0.97 $5,566 $20,999 $10,987 3.8 2.0 $15,433 $5,421 CZ10-2 SCE 4,948 0 0.97 $5,566 $11,384 $10,987 2.0 2.0 $5,818 $5,421 CZ11 PG&E 4,718 0 0.91 $5,566 $15,381 $10,680 2.8 1.9 $9,815 $5,114 CZ12 PG&E 4,707 0 0.91 $5,566 $16,442 $10,614 3.0 1.9 $10,876 $5,048 CZ12-2 SMUD 4,707 0 0.91 $5,566 $8,247 $10,614 1.5 1.9 $2,681 $5,048 CZ13 PG&E 4,750 0 0.92 $5,566 $16,638 $10,592 3.0 1.9 $11,072 $5,026 CZ14 SDG&E 5,258 0 1.01 $5,566 $19,576 $12,218 3.5 2.2 $14,010 $6,652 CZ14-2 SCE 5,258 0 1.01 $5,566 $10,227 $12,218 1.8 2.2 $4,661 $6,652 CZ15 SCE 4,997 0 0.96 $5,566 $10,476 $11,339 1.9 2.0 $4,910 $5,773 CZ16 PG&E 5,336 0 1.04 $5,566 $20,418 $11,361 3.7 2.0 $14,852 $5,795 CZ16-2 LA 5,336 0 1.04 $5,566 $6,987 $11,361 1.3 2.0 $1,421 $5,795 Page H-1.161
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 74 2019-07-15
Figure 63. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail – Mixed Fuel + 3kW PV + 5 kWh Battery CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
$-TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Mixed Fuel + 3kW PV + 5 kWh Battery
CZ01 PG&E 3,941 0 0.76 $9,520 $12,616 $8,460 1.3 0.9 $3,096 ($1,060) CZ02 PG&E 4,685 0 0.91 $9,520 $17,635 $10,262 1.9 1.1 $8,115 $742 CZ03 PG&E 4,733 0 0.92 $9,520 $15,146 $10,152 1.6 1.1 $5,626 $632 CZ04 PG&E 4,834 0 0.94 $9,520 $18,519 $10,614 1.9 1.1 $8,999 $1,094 CZ04-2 CPAU 4,834 0 0.94 $9,520 $11,507 $10,614 1.2 1.1 $1,987 $1,094 CZ05 PG&E 4,910 0 0.95 $9,520 $15,641 $10,548 1.6 1.1 $6,120 $1,028 CZ05-2 SCG 4,910 0 0.95 $9,520 $15,641 $10,548 1.6 1.1 $6,120 $1,028 CZ06 SCE 4,769 0 0.93 $9,520 $11,374 $10,724 1.2 1.1 $1,854 $1,204 CZ06-2 LA 4,769 0 0.93 $9,520 $7,069 $10,724 0.7 1.1 ($2,452) $1,204 CZ07 SDG&E 4,960 0 0.96 $9,520 $22,452 $11,031 2.4 1.2 $12,932 $1,511 CZ08 SCE 4,826 0 0.93 $9,520 $11,838 $11,339 1.2 1.2 $2,317 $1,819 CZ08-2 LA 4,826 0 0.93 $9,520 $7,342 $11,339 0.8 1.2 ($2,178) $1,819 CZ09 SCE 4,889 0 0.96 $9,520 $11,187 $11,229 1.2 1.2 $1,667 $1,709 CZ09-2 LA 4,889 0 0.96 $9,520 $6,728 $11,229 0.7 1.2 ($2,792) $1,709 CZ10 SDG&E 4,948 0 0.97 $9,520 $20,999 $10,987 2.2 1.2 $11,479 $1,467 CZ10-2 SCE 4,948 0 0.97 $9,520 $11,384 $10,987 1.2 1.2 $1,863 $1,467 CZ11 PG&E 4,718 0 0.91 $9,520 $15,381 $10,680 1.6 1.1 $5,861 $1,160 CZ12 PG&E 4,707 0 0.91 $9,520 $16,442 $10,614 1.7 1.1 $6,922 $1,094 CZ12-2 SMUD 4,707 0 0.91 $9,520 $8,247 $10,614 0.9 1.1 ($1,273) $1,094 CZ13 PG&E 4,750 0 0.92 $9,520 $16,638 $10,592 1.7 1.1 $7,117 $1,072 CZ14 SDG&E 5,258 0 1.01 $9,520 $19,576 $12,218 2.1 1.3 $10,056 $2,698 CZ14-2 SCE 5,258 0 1.01 $9,520 $10,227 $12,218 1.1 1.3 $707 $2,698 CZ15 SCE 4,997 0 0.96 $9,520 $10,476 $11,339 1.1 1.2 $956 $1,819 CZ16 PG&E 5,336 0 1.04 $9,520 $20,418 $11,361 2.1 1.2 $10,898 $1,841 CZ16-2 LA 5,336 0 1.04 $9,520 $6,987 $11,361 0.7 1.2 ($2,533) $1,841 Page H-1.162
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 75 2019-07-15
Figure 64. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail – Mixed-Fuel + 110kW PV CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
Lifecycle
TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Mixed Fuel + 110kW PV
CZ01 PG&E 144,499 0 27.97 $201,904 $454,462 $309,935 2.3 1.5 $252,558 $108,031 CZ02 PG&E 171,790 0 33.31 $201,904 $477,584 $376,300 2.4 1.9 $275,681 $174,396 CZ03 PG&E 173,534 0 33.55 $201,904 $538,530 $372,146 2.7 1.8 $336,626 $170,243 CZ04 PG&E 177,229 0 34.42 $201,904 $489,934 $389,067 2.4 1.9 $288,030 $187,163 CZ04-2 CPAU 177,229 0 34.42 $201,904 $418,173 $389,067 2.1 1.9 $216,269 $187,163 CZ05 PG&E 180,044 0 34.84 $201,904 $556,787 $386,958 2.8 1.9 $354,883 $185,054 CZ06 SCE 174,855 0 33.92 $201,904 $288,188 $393,198 1.4 1.9 $86,284 $191,295 CZ06-2 LA 174,855 0 33.92 $201,904 $165,538 $393,198 0.8 1.9 ($36,366) $191,295 CZ07 SDG&E 181,854 0 35.32 $201,904 $373,974 $404,713 1.9 2.0 $172,070 $202,809 CZ08 SCE 176,954 0 34.23 $201,904 $284,481 $415,789 1.4 2.1 $82,577 $213,885 CZ08-2 LA 176,954 0 34.23 $201,904 $161,366 $415,789 0.8 2.1 ($40,538) $213,885 CZ09 SCE 179,267 0 35.18 $201,904 $289,050 $412,097 1.4 2.0 $87,146 $210,193 CZ09-2 LA 179,267 0 35.18 $201,904 $168,822 $412,097 0.8 2.0 ($33,082) $210,193 CZ10 SDG&E 181,443 0 35.41 $201,904 $410,310 $402,999 2.0 2.0 $208,406 $201,095 CZ10-2 SCE 181,443 0 35.41 $201,904 $291,236 $402,999 1.4 2.0 $89,332 $201,095 CZ11 PG&E 172,983 0 33.46 $201,904 $464,776 $391,550 2.3 1.9 $262,872 $189,646 CZ12 PG&E 172,597 0 33.33 $201,904 $467,870 $389,573 2.3 1.9 $265,966 $187,669 CZ12-2 SMUD 172,597 0 33.33 $201,904 $267,086 $389,573 1.3 1.9 $65,182 $187,669 CZ13 PG&E 174,151 0 33.81 $201,904 $478,857 $387,968 2.4 1.9 $276,953 $186,065 CZ14 SDG&E 192,789 0 36.97 $201,904 $396,181 $448,268 2.0 2.2 $194,277 $246,364 CZ14-2 SCE 192,789 0 36.97 $201,904 $288,782 $448,268 1.4 2.2 $86,878 $246,364 CZ15 SCE 183,214 0 35.12 $201,904 $277,867 $415,789 1.4 2.1 $75,963 $213,885 CZ16 PG&E 195,665 0 37.97 $201,904 $522,352 $416,558 2.6 2.1 $320,448 $214,654 CZ16-2 LA 195,665 0 37.97 $201,904 $171,802 $416,558 0.9 2.1 ($30,101) $214,654 Page H-1.163
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 76 2019-07-15
Figure 65. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail – Mixed-Fuel + 110 kW PV + 50 kWh Battery CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
Lifecycle
TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Mixed Fuel + 110kW PV + 50 kWh Battery
CZ01 PG&E 143,423 0 29.48 $229,804 $452,119 $324,373 2.0 1.4 $222,315 $94,569 CZ02 PG&E 170,542 0 35.14 $229,804 $486,704 $398,363 2.1 1.7 $256,900 $168,559 CZ03 PG&E 172,266 0 35.66 $229,804 $535,974 $395,374 2.3 1.7 $306,170 $165,570 CZ04 PG&E 175,940 0 36.32 $229,804 $525,788 $422,579 2.3 1.8 $295,984 $192,775 CZ04-2 CPAU 175,940 0 36.32 $229,804 $416,019 $422,579 1.8 1.8 $186,216 $192,775 CZ05 PG&E 178,728 0 36.91 $229,804 $554,968 $409,086 2.4 1.8 $325,164 $179,283 CZ06 SCE 173,567 0 35.99 $229,804 $290,599 $412,690 1.3 1.8 $60,795 $182,886 CZ06-2 LA 173,567 0 35.99 $229,804 $169,786 $412,690 0.7 1.8 ($60,018) $182,886 CZ07 SDG&E 180,508 0 37.61 $229,804 $425,793 $427,040 1.9 1.9 $195,989 $197,236 CZ08 SCE 175,616 0 36.29 $229,804 $296,318 $434,687 1.3 1.9 $66,514 $204,883 CZ08-2 LA 175,616 0 36.29 $229,804 $170,489 $434,687 0.7 1.9 ($59,315) $204,883 CZ09 SCE 177,966 0 36.74 $229,804 $300,540 $421,195 1.3 1.8 $70,736 $191,391 CZ09-2 LA 177,966 0 36.74 $229,804 $178,852 $421,195 0.8 1.8 ($50,952) $191,391 CZ10 SDG&E 180,248 0 36.91 $229,804 $459,486 $410,537 2.0 1.8 $229,683 $180,733 CZ10-2 SCE 180,248 0 36.91 $229,804 $301,219 $410,537 1.3 1.8 $71,415 $180,733 CZ11 PG&E 171,779 0 34.85 $229,804 $490,245 $417,679 2.1 1.8 $260,442 $187,875 CZ12 PG&E 171,392 0 34.77 $229,804 $497,363 $417,371 2.2 1.8 $267,559 $187,567 CZ12-2 SMUD 171,392 0 34.77 $229,804 $273,783 $417,371 1.2 1.8 $43,979 $187,567 CZ13 PG&E 173,052 0 34.97 $229,804 $488,196 $397,791 2.1 1.7 $258,392 $167,987 CZ14 SDG&E 191,703 0 38.31 $229,804 $420,241 $452,641 1.8 2.0 $190,437 $222,837 CZ14-2 SCE 191,703 0 38.31 $229,804 $294,010 $452,641 1.3 2.0 $64,206 $222,837 CZ15 SCE 182,299 0 36.01 $229,804 $279,036 $416,382 1.2 1.8 $49,232 $186,578 CZ16 PG&E 194,293 0 40.00 $229,804 $535,137 $432,951 2.3 1.9 $305,333 $203,147 CZ16-2 LA 194,293 0 40.00 $229,804 $175,573 $432,951 0.8 1.9 ($54,231) $203,147 Page H-1.164
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 77 2019-07-15
Figure 66. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail – All-Electric + 3kW PV CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
Lifecycle
TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
All-Electric + 3kW PV
CZ01 PG&E -25,214 3893 14.61 ($16,318) $4,288 ($5,450) >1 3.0 $20,606 $10,868 CZ02 PG&E -17,101 2448 8.40 ($20,734) $859 $5,779 >1 >1 $21,593 $26,513 CZ03 PG&E -9,851 1868 7.18 ($17,381) $15,418 $8,702 >1 >1 $32,799 $26,083 CZ04 PG&E -9,353 1706 6.24 ($16,166) $9,110 $10,394 >1 >1 $25,276 $26,560 CZ04-2 CPAU -9,353 1706 6.24 ($16,166) $24,000 $10,394 >1 >1 $40,166 $26,560 CZ05 PG&E -9,423 1746 6.42 ($18,776) $14,076 $6,351 >1 >1 $32,852 $25,127 CZ06 SCE -2,759 1002 4.24 ($15,032) $29,710 $12,592 >1 >1 $44,741 $27,623 CZ06-2 LA -2,759 1002 4.24 ($15,032) $26,292 $12,592 >1 >1 $41,324 $27,623 CZ07 SDG&E 1,148 522 2.72 ($17,032) $76,810 $12,350 >1 >1 $93,842 $29,382 CZ08 SCE -979 793 3.64 ($20,192) $28,576 $13,185 >1 >1 $48,768 $33,377 CZ08-2 LA -979 793 3.64 ($20,192) $24,475 $13,185 >1 >1 $44,667 $33,377 CZ09 SCE -2,352 970 4.28 ($25,383) $29,776 $13,207 >1 >1 $55,159 $38,590 CZ09-2 LA -2,352 970 4.28 ($25,383) $25,823 $13,207 >1 >1 $51,207 $38,590 CZ10 SDG&E -5,388 1262 4.95 ($20,541) $75,458 $11,493 >1 >1 $95,999 $32,034 CZ10-2 SCE -5,388 1262 4.95 ($20,541) $32,394 $11,493 >1 >1 $52,936 $32,034 CZ11 PG&E -14,533 2415 8.86 ($25,471) $7,618 $13,295 >1 >1 $33,090 $38,766 CZ12 PG&E -14,764 2309 8.19 ($25,774) $2,210 $10,152 >1 >1 $27,984 $35,926 CZ12-2 SMUD -14,764 2309 8.19 ($25,774) $21,215 $10,152 >1 >1 $46,988 $35,926 CZ13 PG&E -12,069 1983 7.08 ($21,428) $5,647 $8,570 >1 >1 $27,075 $29,998 CZ14 SDG&E -7,950 1672 6.45 ($19,926) $60,412 $16,679 >1 >1 $80,338 $36,605 CZ14-2 SCE -7,950 1672 6.45 ($19,926) $28,631 $16,679 >1 >1 $48,557 $36,605 CZ15 SCE 2,534 518 3.10 ($22,813) $27,271 $17,162 >1 >1 $50,084 $39,976 CZ16 PG&E -36,081 4304 14.26 ($19,041) ($30,111) ($41,181) 0.6 0.5 ($11,070) ($22,140) CZ16-2 LA -36,081 4304 14.26 ($19,041) $45,706 ($41,181) >1 0.5 $64,747 ($22,140) Page H-1.165
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 78 2019-07-15
Figure 67. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail – All-Electric + 3kW PV + 5 kWh Battery CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
$-TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
All-Electric + 3kW PV + 5 kWh Battery
CZ01 PG&E -25,214 3893 14.61 ($14,692) $4,288 ($5,450) >1 2.7 $18,980 $9,242 CZ02 PG&E -17,101 2448 8.40 ($14,692) $859 $5,779 >1 >1 $15,551 $20,472 CZ03 PG&E -9,851 1868 7.18 ($14,692) $15,418 $8,702 >1 >1 $30,110 $23,394 CZ04 PG&E -9,353 1706 6.24 ($14,692) $9,110 $10,394 >1 >1 $23,802 $25,086 CZ04-2 CPAU -9,353 1706 6.24 ($14,692) $24,000 $10,394 >1 >1 $38,693 $25,086 CZ05 PG&E -9,423 1746 6.42 ($14,692) $14,076 $6,351 >1 >1 $28,768 $21,043 CZ06 SCE -2,759 1002 4.24 ($14,692) $29,710 $12,592 >1 >1 $44,402 $27,284 CZ06-2 LA -2,759 1002 4.24 ($14,692) $26,292 $12,592 >1 >1 $40,984 $27,284 CZ07 SDG&E 1,148 522 2.72 ($14,692) $76,810 $12,350 >1 >1 $91,502 $27,042 CZ08 SCE -979 793 3.64 ($14,692) $28,576 $13,185 >1 >1 $43,268 $27,877 CZ08-2 LA -979 793 3.64 ($14,692) $24,475 $13,185 >1 >1 $39,167 $27,877 CZ09 SCE -2,352 970 4.28 ($14,692) $29,776 $13,207 >1 >1 $44,468 $27,899 CZ09-2 LA -2,352 970 4.28 ($14,692) $25,823 $13,207 >1 >1 $40,516 $27,899 CZ10 SDG&E -5,388 1262 4.95 ($14,692) $75,458 $11,493 >1 >1 $90,150 $26,185 CZ10-2 SCE -5,388 1262 4.95 ($14,692) $32,394 $11,493 >1 >1 $47,086 $26,185 CZ11 PG&E -14,533 2415 8.86 ($14,692) $7,618 $13,295 >1 >1 $22,310 $27,987 CZ12 PG&E -14,764 2309 8.19 ($14,692) $2,210 $10,152 >1 >1 $16,902 $24,845 CZ12-2 SMUD -14,764 2309 8.19 ($14,692) $21,215 $10,152 >1 >1 $35,907 $24,845 CZ13 PG&E -12,069 1983 7.08 ($14,692) $5,647 $8,570 >1 >1 $20,339 $23,262 CZ14 SDG&E -7,950 1672 6.45 ($14,692) $60,412 $16,679 >1 >1 $75,104 $31,371 CZ14-2 SCE -7,950 1672 6.45 ($14,692) $28,631 $16,679 >1 >1 $43,323 $31,371 CZ15 SCE 2,534 518 3.10 ($14,692) $27,271 $17,162 >1 >1 $41,963 $31,855 CZ16 PG&E -36,081 4304 14.26 ($14,692) ($30,111) ($41,181) 0.5 0.4 ($15,419) ($26,489) CZ16-2 LA -36,081 4304 14.26 ($14,692) $45,706 ($41,181) >1 0.4 $60,398 ($26,489) Page H-1.166
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 79 2019-07-15
Figure 68. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail – All-Electric + 110kW PV CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
Lifecycle
TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
All-Electric + 110kW PV
CZ01 PG&E 115,344 3893 41.82 $143,932 $454,277 $296,025 3.2 2.1 $310,345 $152,093 CZ02 PG&E 150,004 2448 40.80 $139,516 $470,236 $371,817 3.4 2.7 $330,720 $232,301 CZ03 PG&E 158,951 1868 39.82 $142,869 $544,095 $370,696 3.8 2.6 $401,226 $227,827 CZ04 PG&E 163,043 1706 39.73 $144,084 $488,619 $388,847 3.4 2.7 $344,534 $244,763 CZ04-2 CPAU 163,043 1706 39.73 $144,084 $432,905 $388,847 3.0 2.7 $288,821 $244,763 CZ05 PG&E 165,711 1746 40.30 $141,473 $565,525 $382,760 4.0 2.7 $424,051 $241,287 CZ06 SCE 167,328 1002 37.24 $145,218 $306,670 $395,066 2.1 2.7 $161,452 $249,848 CZ06-2 LA 167,328 1002 37.24 $145,218 $184,797 $395,066 1.3 2.7 $39,579 $249,848 CZ07 SDG&E 178,042 522 37.07 $143,218 $428,332 $406,032 3.0 2.8 $285,114 $262,814 CZ08 SCE 171,149 793 36.94 $140,058 $301,219 $417,635 2.2 3.0 $161,161 $277,577 CZ08-2 LA 171,149 793 36.94 $140,058 $178,419 $417,635 1.3 3.0 $38,361 $277,577 CZ09 SCE 172,027 970 38.50 $134,867 $307,640 $414,075 2.3 3.1 $172,773 $279,208 CZ09-2 LA 172,027 970 38.50 $134,867 $187,813 $414,075 1.4 3.1 $52,946 $279,208 CZ10 SDG&E 171,107 1262 39.40 $139,708 $463,692 $403,505 3.3 2.9 $323,984 $263,796 CZ10-2 SCE 171,107 1262 39.40 $139,708 $311,464 $403,505 2.2 2.9 $171,755 $263,796 CZ11 PG&E 153,732 2415 41.41 $134,778 $467,356 $394,165 3.5 2.9 $332,578 $259,387 CZ12 PG&E 153,126 2309 40.61 $134,476 $467,106 $389,111 3.5 2.9 $332,630 $254,635 CZ12-2 SMUD 153,126 2309 40.61 $134,476 $283,343 $389,111 2.1 2.9 $148,867 $254,635 CZ13 PG&E 157,332 1983 39.97 $138,822 $477,831 $385,947 3.4 2.8 $339,008 $247,124 CZ14 SDG&E 179,582 1672 42.42 $140,324 $437,575 $452,729 3.1 3.2 $297,251 $312,405 CZ14-2 SCE 179,582 1672 42.42 $140,324 $309,064 $452,729 2.2 3.2 $168,740 $312,405 CZ15 SCE 180,751 518 37.26 $137,436 $294,877 $421,612 2.1 3.1 $157,440 $284,176 CZ16 PG&E 154,248 4304 51.20 $141,209 $473,892 $364,016 3.4 2.6 $332,682 $222,807 CZ16-2 LA 154,248 4304 51.20 $141,209 $211,677 $364,016 1.5 2.6 $70,467 $222,807 Page H-1.167
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 80 2019-07-15
Figure 69. Cost Effectiveness for Medium Retail – All-Electric + 110kW PV + 50 kWh Battery CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
Lifecycle
TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
All-Electric + 90kW PV + 50 kWh Battery
CZ01 PG&E 114,356 3893 43.52 $171,832 $451,043 $310,265 2.6 1.8 $279,211 $138,433 CZ02 PG&E 148,793 2448 42.89 $167,416 $475,081 $394,099 2.8 2.4 $307,664 $226,683 CZ03 PG&E 157,707 1868 42.12 $170,769 $541,418 $394,034 3.2 2.3 $370,649 $223,265 CZ04 PG&E 161,769 1706 41.82 $171,984 $523,603 $422,535 3.0 2.5 $351,618 $250,551 CZ04-2 CPAU 161,769 1706 41.82 $171,984 $430,567 $422,535 2.5 2.5 $258,582 $250,551 CZ05 PG&E 164,408 1746 42.68 $169,373 $561,966 $405,087 3.3 2.4 $392,592 $235,714 CZ06 SCE 166,052 1002 39.48 $173,118 $306,697 $414,756 1.8 2.4 $133,579 $241,638 CZ06-2 LA 166,052 1002 39.48 $173,118 $187,941 $414,756 1.1 2.4 $14,823 $241,638 CZ07 SDG&E 176,705 522 39.47 $171,118 $479,038 $428,490 2.8 2.5 $307,920 $257,372 CZ08 SCE 169,825 793 39.14 $167,958 $312,602 $436,709 1.9 2.6 $144,645 $268,751 CZ08-2 LA 169,825 793 39.14 $167,958 $187,142 $436,709 1.1 2.6 $19,185 $268,751 CZ09 SCE 170,747 970 40.23 $162,767 $318,113 $423,370 2.0 2.6 $155,346 $260,604 CZ09-2 LA 170,747 970 40.23 $162,767 $197,006 $423,370 1.2 2.6 $34,240 $260,604 CZ10 SDG&E 169,935 1262 41.08 $167,608 $503,504 $411,284 3.0 2.5 $335,896 $243,675 CZ10-2 SCE 169,935 1262 41.08 $167,608 $317,927 $411,284 1.9 2.5 $150,319 $243,675 CZ11 PG&E 152,559 2415 42.99 $162,678 $491,775 $420,667 3.0 2.6 $329,096 $257,989 CZ12 PG&E 151,956 2309 42.21 $162,376 $494,703 $417,063 3.0 2.6 $332,327 $254,687 CZ12-2 SMUD 151,956 2309 42.21 $162,376 $288,950 $417,063 1.8 2.6 $126,573 $254,687 CZ13 PG&E 156,271 1983 41.25 $166,722 $485,422 $395,770 2.9 2.4 $318,699 $229,047 CZ14 SDG&E 178,505 1672 43.94 $168,224 $452,456 $457,387 2.7 2.7 $284,232 $289,163 CZ14-2 SCE 178,505 1672 43.94 $168,224 $311,520 $457,387 1.9 2.7 $143,296 $289,163 CZ15 SCE 179,840 518 38.23 $165,336 $296,004 $422,293 1.8 2.6 $130,668 $256,957 CZ16 PG&E 152,965 4304 53.53 $169,109 $483,205 $378,299 2.9 2.2 $314,096 $209,190 CZ16-2 LA 152,965 4304 53.53 $169,109 $215,341 $378,299 1.3 2.2 $46,231 $209,190 Page H-1.168
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 81 2019-07-15

6.7.3 Cost Effectiveness Results – Small Hotel
Figure 70 through Figure 77 contain the cost-effectiveness findings for the Small Hotel packages. Notable findings for each package include:
♦ Mixed-Fuel + 3 kW PV: Packages are cost effective and achieve savings for all climate zones for both the On-Bill and TDV approaches. ♦ Mixed-Fuel + 3 kW PV + 5 kWh Battery: The packages are less cost effective as compared to the previous minimal PV only package and not cost effective for LADWP and SMUD service area. The addition of battery reduces the cost effectiveness of packages. ♦ Mixed-Fuel + PV only: Packages are cost effective and achieve savings for the On-Bill approach for all climate zones except for LADWP territory. Packages are cost effective and achieve savings for the TDV approach for all climate zones. ♦ Mixed-Fuel + PV + 50 kWh Battery: Adding battery slightly reduces On-Bill B/C ratios. Packages are not cost effective for LADWP territory, SMUD territory as well as for climate zones 6,8,9 under PG&E service area. ♦ All-Electric + 3 kW PV: All packages are cost effective using the On-Bill approach. All packages are cost effective using the TDV approach but do not achieve positive energy cost savings.
♦ All-Electric + 3 kW PV + 5 kWh Battery: Similar to minimal PV only package, all packages are cost effective using the On-Bill approach. All packages are cost effective using the TDV approach but do not achieve positive energy cost savings. ♦ All-Electric + PV only: All packages are cost effective for both On-Bill and TDV approaches. Packages achieve on-bill savings for all climate zones.
♦ All-Electric + PV + 50 kWh Battery: Adding battery slightly reduces On-Bill B/C ratios but is still cost effective for all climate zones.

Page H-1.169
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 82 2019-07-15
Figure 70. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel – Mixed Fuel + 3kW PV CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
Lifecycle $-
TDV Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV
(On-bill)
NPV
(TDV)
Mixed Fuel + 3kW PV
CZ01 PG&E 3,941 0 0.8 $5,566 $12,616 $8,326 2.3 1.5 $7,050 $2,760 CZ02 PG&E 4,785 0 0.9 $5,566 $12,639 $10,332 2.3 1.9 $7,073 $4,766 CZ03 PG&E 4,733 0 0.9 $5,566 $15,146 $9,991 2.7 1.8 $9,580 $4,425 CZ04 PG&E 4,834 0 1.0 $5,566 $13,266 $10,445 2.4 1.9 $7,700 $4,879 CZ04-2 CPAU 4,834 0 1.0 $5,566 $11,507 $10,445 2.1 1.9 $5,941 $4,879 CZ05 PG&E 5,027 0 1.0 $5,566 $16,048 $10,634 2.9 1.9 $10,482 $5,068 CZ06 SCE 4,769 0 0.9 $5,566 $10,276 $10,559 1.8 1.9 $4,710 $4,993 CZ06-2 LA 4,769 0 0.9 $5,566 $6,307 $10,559 1.1 1.9 $741 $4,993 CZ07 SDG&E 4,960 0 1.0 $5,566 $14,576 $10,861 2.6 2.0 $9,010 $5,295 CZ08 SCE 4,824 0 0.9 $5,566 $10,837 $11,202 1.9 2.0 $5,271 $5,636 CZ08-2 LA 4,824 0 0.9 $5,566 $6,505 $11,202 1.2 2.0 $939 $5,636 CZ09 SCE 4,779 0 0.9 $5,566 $10,298 $10,824 1.9 1.9 $4,732 $5,258 CZ09-2 LA 4,779 0 0.9 $5,566 $6,201 $10,824 1.1 1.9 $635 $5,258 CZ10 SDG&E 4,905 0 1.0 $5,566 $16,302 $10,710 2.9 1.9 $10,736 $5,144 CZ10-2 SCE 4,905 0 1.0 $5,566 $9,468 $10,710 1.7 1.9 $3,902 $5,144 CZ11 PG&E 4,701 0 0.9 $5,566 $14,193 $10,483 2.6 1.9 $8,627 $4,917 CZ12 PG&E 4,770 0 0.9 $5,566 $15,262 $10,596 2.7 1.9 $9,696 $5,030 CZ12-2 SMUD 4,770 0 0.9 $5,566 $7,848 $10,596 1.4 1.9 $2,282 $5,030 CZ13 PG&E 4,633 0 0.9 $5,566 $14,674 $10,105 2.6 1.8 $9,108 $4,539 CZ14 SDG&E 5,377 0 1.1 $5,566 $16,615 $12,375 3.0 2.2 $11,049 $6,809 CZ14-2 SCE 5,377 0 1.1 $5,566 $10,021 $12,375 1.8 2.2 $4,455 $6,809 CZ15 SCE 4,997 0 1.0 $5,566 $9,542 $11,164 1.7 2.0 $3,976 $5,598 CZ16 PG&E 5,240 0 1.0 $5,566 $14,961 $10,975 2.7 2.0 $9,395 $5,409 CZ16-2 LA 5,240 0 1.0 $5,566 $5,670 $10,975 1.0 2.0 $104 $5,409 Page H-1.170
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 83 2019-07-15
Figure 71. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel – Mixed Fuel + 3kW PV + 5 kWh Battery CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
$-TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(On-bill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Mixed Fuel + 3kW PV + 5kWh Battery
CZ01 PG&E 3,941 0 0.8 $9,520 $12,616 $8,326 1.3 0.9 $3,096 ($1,194) CZ02 PG&E 4,785 0 0.9 $9,520 $12,639 $10,332 1.3 1.1 $3,119 $811 CZ03 PG&E 4,733 0 0.9 $9,520 $15,146 $9,991 1.6 1.0 $5,626 $471 CZ04 PG&E 4,834 0 1.0 $9,520 $13,266 $10,445 1.4 1.1 $3,746 $925 CZ04-2 CPAU 4,834 0 1.0 $9,520 $11,507 $10,445 1.2 1.1 $1,987 $925 CZ05 PG&E 5,027 0 1.0 $9,520 $16,048 $10,634 1.7 1.1 $6,528 $1,114 CZ05-2 SCG 5,027 0 1.0 $9,520 $16,048 $10,634 1.7 1.1 $6,528 $1,114 CZ06 SCE 4,769 0 0.9 $9,520 $10,276 $10,559 1.1 1.1 $756 $1,039 CZ06-2 LA 4,769 0 0.9 $9,520 $6,307 $10,559 0.7 1.1 ($3,213) $1,039 CZ07 SDG&E 4,960 0 1.0 $9,520 $14,576 $10,861 1.5 1.1 $5,056 $1,341 CZ08 SCE 4,824 0 0.9 $9,520 $10,837 $11,202 1.1 1.2 $1,317 $1,682 CZ08-2 LA 4,824 0 0.9 $9,520 $6,505 $11,202 0.7 1.2 ($3,015) $1,682 CZ09 SCE 4,779 0 0.9 $9,520 $10,298 $10,824 1.1 1.1 $778 $1,303 CZ09-2 LA 4,779 0 0.9 $9,520 $6,201 $10,824 0.7 1.1 ($3,319) $1,303 CZ10 SDG&E 4,905 0 1.0 $9,520 $16,302 $10,710 1.7 1.1 $6,782 $1,190 CZ10-2 SCE 4,905 0 1.0 $9,520 $9,468 $10,710 0.99 1.1 ($52) $1,190 CZ11 PG&E 4,701 0 0.9 $9,520 $14,193 $10,483 1.5 1.1 $4,673 $963 CZ12 PG&E 4,770 0 0.9 $9,520 $15,262 $10,596 1.6 1.1 $5,742 $1,076 CZ12-2 SMUD 4,770 0 0.9 $9,520 $7,848 $10,596 0.8 1.1 ($1,672) $1,076 CZ13 PG&E 4,633 0 0.9 $9,520 $14,674 $10,105 1.5 1.1 $5,154 $584 CZ14 SDG&E 5,377 0 1.1 $9,520 $16,615 $12,375 1.7 1.3 $7,095 $2,855 CZ14-2 SCE 5,377 0 1.1 $9,520 $10,021 $12,375 1.1 1.3 $501 $2,855 CZ15 SCE 4,997 0 1.0 $9,520 $9,542 $11,164 1.0 1.2 $22 $1,644 CZ16 PG&E 5,240 0 1.0 $9,520 $14,961 $10,975 1.6 1.2 $5,441 $1,455 CZ16-2 LA 5,240 0 1.0 $9,520 $5,670 $10,975 0.6 1.2 ($3,851) $1,455 Page H-1.171
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 84 2019-07-15
Figure 72. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel - Mixed Fuel +80kW PV CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
Lifecycle
TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Mixed Fuel + 80kW PV
CZ01 PG&E 105,090 0 20.6 $179,470 $336,440 $221,883 1.9 1.2 $156,970 $42,413 CZ02 PG&E 127,592 0 25.0 $179,470 $320,009 $275,130 1.8 1.5 $140,539 $95,660 CZ03 PG&E 126,206 0 24.8 $179,470 $403,900 $266,426 2.3 1.5 $224,430 $86,956 CZ04 PG&E 128,894 0 25.4 $179,470 $322,782 $278,536 1.8 1.6 $143,312 $99,066 CZ04-2 CPAU 128,894 0 25.4 $179,470 $306,862 $278,536 1.7 1.6 $127,392 $99,066 CZ05 PG&E 134,041 0 26.5 $179,470 $427,935 $283,834 2.4 1.6 $248,465 $104,364 CZ06 SCE 127,168 0 25.0 $179,470 $200,425 $281,488 1.1 1.6 $20,955 $102,018 CZ06-2 LA 127,168 0 25.0 $179,470 $119,357 $281,488 0.7 1.6 ($60,113) $102,018 CZ07 SDG&E 132,258 0 26.1 $179,470 $247,646 $289,700 1.4 1.6 $68,176 $110,230 CZ08 SCE 128,641 0 25.3 $179,470 $207,993 $298,594 1.2 1.7 $28,523 $119,124 CZ08-2 LA 128,641 0 25.3 $179,470 $122,591 $298,594 0.7 1.7 ($56,879) $119,124 CZ09 SCE 127,447 0 25.3 $179,470 $211,567 $288,830 1.2 1.6 $32,096 $109,360 CZ09-2 LA 127,447 0 25.3 $179,470 $123,486 $288,830 0.7 1.6 ($55,984) $109,360 CZ10 SDG&E 130,792 0 25.8 $179,470 $274,832 $285,386 1.5 1.6 $95,361 $105,916 CZ10-2 SCE 130,792 0 25.8 $179,470 $206,865 $285,386 1.2 1.6 $27,395 $105,916 CZ11 PG&E 125,366 0 24.6 $179,470 $316,781 $279,331 1.8 1.6 $137,311 $99,861 CZ12 PG&E 127,203 0 25.0 $179,470 $406,977 $282,358 2.3 1.6 $227,507 $102,888 CZ12-2 SMUD 127,203 0 25.0 $179,470 $198,254 $282,358 1.1 1.6 $18,784 $102,888 CZ13 PG&E 123,535 0 24.4 $179,470 $317,261 $269,908 1.8 1.5 $137,791 $90,437 CZ14 SDG&E 143,387 0 28.1 $179,470 $309,521 $330,345 1.7 1.8 $130,051 $150,875 CZ14-2 SCE 143,387 0 28.1 $179,470 $225,083 $330,345 1.3 1.8 $45,612 $150,875 CZ15 SCE 133,246 0 25.9 $179,470 $207,277 $297,648 1.2 1.7 $27,807 $118,177 CZ16 PG&E 139,738 0 27.3 $179,470 $341,724 $292,728 1.9 1.6 $162,254 $113,258 CZ16-2 LA 139,738 0 27.3 $179,470 $114,215 $292,728 0.6 1.6 ($65,255) $113,258 Page H-1.172
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 85 2019-07-15
Figure 73. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel – Mixed Fuel + 80kW PV + 50 kWh Battery CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
Lifecycle
TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill)NPV
(TDV)
Mixed Fuel + 80kW PV + 50kWh Battery
CZ01 PG&E 104,026 0 23.2 $207,370 $332,596 $237,740 1.6 1.1 $125,226 $30,370 CZ02 PG&E 126,332 0 28.1 $207,370 $336,179 $296,058 1.6 1.4 $128,809 $88,688 CZ03 PG&E 124,934 0 28.0 $207,370 $399,220 $289,360 1.9 1.4 $191,850 $81,990 CZ04 PG&E 127,602 0 28.5 $207,370 $332,161 $308,887 1.6 1.5 $124,790 $101,517 CZ04-2 CPAU 127,602 0 28.5 $207,370 $303,828 $308,887 1.5 1.5 $96,458 $101,517 CZ05 PG&E 132,725 0 29.8 $207,370 $423,129 $303,627 2.0 1.5 $215,758 $96,257 CZ06 SCE 125,880 0 28.4 $207,370 $193,814 $297,950 0.9 1.4 ($13,556) $90,580 CZ06-2 LA 125,880 0 28.4 $207,370 $123,083 $297,950 0.6 1.4 ($84,287) $90,580 CZ07 SDG&E 130,940 0 29.5 $207,370 $274,313 $309,682 1.3 1.5 $66,943 $102,312 CZ08 SCE 127,332 0 28.5 $207,370 $199,786 $312,899 1.0 1.5 ($7,584) $105,529 CZ08-2 LA 127,332 0 28.5 $207,370 $124,651 $312,899 0.6 1.5 ($82,719) $105,529 CZ09 SCE 126,232 0 28.2 $207,370 $206,706 $292,804 1.0 1.4 ($664) $85,433 CZ09-2 LA 126,232 0 28.2 $207,370 $126,710 $292,804 0.6 1.4 ($80,660) $85,433 CZ10 SDG&E 129,683 0 28.4 $207,370 $292,202 $287,278 1.4 1.4 $84,832 $79,908 CZ10-2 SCE 129,683 0 28.4 $207,370 $206,171 $287,278 1.0 1.4 ($1,199) $79,908 CZ11 PG&E 124,337 0 26.9 $207,370 $315,330 $283,683 1.5 1.4 $107,960 $76,313 CZ12 PG&E 126,013 0 27.8 $207,370 $403,127 $297,118 1.9 1.4 $195,757 $89,748 CZ12-2 SMUD 126,013 0 27.8 $207,370 $198,007 $297,118 1.0 1.4 ($9,363) $89,748 CZ13 PG&E 122,591 0 26.5 $207,370 $315,541 $280,996 1.5 1.4 $108,171 $73,626 CZ14 SDG&E 142,257 0 30.7 $207,370 $317,565 $334,697 1.5 1.6 $110,195 $127,327 CZ14-2 SCE 142,257 0 30.7 $207,370 $224,195 $334,697 1.1 1.6 $16,824 $127,327 CZ15 SCE 132,418 0 27.8 $207,370 $208,044 $299,199 1.0 1.4 $674 $91,829 CZ16 PG&E 138,402 0 30.7 $207,370 $358,582 $315,699 1.7 1.5 $151,212 $108,329 CZ16-2 LA 138,402 0 30.7 $207,370 $118,770 $315,699 0.6 1.5 ($88,600) $108,329 Page H-1.173
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 86 2019-07-15
Figure 74. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel – All-Electric + 3kW PV CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost*
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
Lifecycle
TDV Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill) NPV (TDV)
All-Electric + 3kW PV
CZ01 PG&E -155,861 16917 54.7 ($1,265,139) ($568,892) ($106,835) 2.2 11.8 $696,246 $1,158,304 CZ02 PG&E -113,954 12677 40.9 ($1,266,111) ($229,433) ($41,288) 5.5 30.7 $1,036,679 $1,224,823 CZ03 PG&E -105,862 12322 41.4 ($1,268,383) ($309,874) ($41,175) 4.1 30.8 $958,510 $1,227,208 CZ04 PG&E -108,570 11927 37.5 ($1,268,218) ($208,239) ($42,689) 6.1 29.7 $1,059,980 $1,225,530 CZ04-2 CPAU -108,570 11927 37.5 ($1,268,218) ($6,261) ($42,689) 202.6 29.7 $1,261,958 $1,225,530 CZ05 PG&E -103,579 11960 39.3 ($1,268,272) ($332,879) ($44,051) 3.8 28.8 $935,393 $1,224,221 CZ06 SCE -73,524 8912 30.3 ($1,268,413) $48,898 ($17,484) >1 72.5 $1,317,311 $1,250,929 CZ06-2 LA -64,859 8188 29.0 ($1,266,760) ($120,842) ($12,337) 10.5 102.7 $1,145,918 $1,254,423 CZ07 SDG&E -67,090 8353 29.2 ($1,264,731) ($43,964) ($11,618) 28.8 108.9 $1,220,767 $1,253,113 CZ08 SCE -67,090 8353 29.2 ($1,264,731) $48,736 ($11,618) >1 108.9 $1,313,467 $1,253,113 CZ08-2 LA -67,483 8402 29.3 ($1,266,529) ($35,547) ($11,126) 35.6 113.8 $1,230,982 $1,255,403 CZ09 SCE -67,483 8402 29.3 ($1,266,529) $52,410 ($11,126) >1 113.8 $1,318,939 $1,255,403 CZ09-2 LA -75,157 8418 27.2 ($1,263,531) ($156,973) ($25,469) 8.0 49.6 $1,106,558 $1,238,061 CZ10 SDG&E -75,157 8418 27.2 ($1,263,531) ($54,711) ($25,469) 23.1 49.6 $1,208,820 $1,238,061 CZ10-2 SCE -94,783 10252 31.9 ($1,264,340) ($169,847) ($38,904) 7.4 32.5 $1,094,493 $1,225,436 CZ11 PG&E -94,702 10403 33.0 ($1,265,779) ($324,908) ($34,968) 3.9 36.2 $940,872 $1,230,811 CZ12 PG&E -94,297 10403 33.1 ($1,265,779) $13,603 ($33,757) >1 37.5 $1,279,382 $1,232,022 CZ12-2 SMUD -92,196 10029 31.5 ($1,264,152) ($168,358) ($40,229) 7.5 31.4 $1,095,794 $1,223,923 CZ13 PG&E -96,021 10056 30.7 ($1,264,510) ($308,542) ($44,202) 4.1 28.6 $955,969 $1,220,308 CZ14 SDG&E -96,021 10056 30.7 ($1,264,510) ($110,730) ($44,202) 11.4 28.6 $1,153,780 $1,220,308 CZ14-2 SCE -44,856 5579 19.0 ($1,262,631) $8,996 ($10,256) >1 123.1 $1,271,627 $1,252,375 CZ15 SCE -211,468 17599 42.9 ($1,268,907) ($625,671) ($228,203) 2.0 5.6 $643,236 $1,040,704 CZ16 PG&E -211,468 17599 42.9 ($1,268,907) $37,142 ($228,203) >1 5.6 $1,306,049 $1,040,704 CZ16-2 LA -155,861 16917 54.7 ($1,265,139) ($568,892) ($106,835) 2.2 11.8 $696,246 $1,158,304 Page H-1.174
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 87 2019-07-15
Figure 75. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel – All-Electric + 3kW PV + 5 kWh Battery CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
$-TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill) NPV (TDV)
All-Electric + 3kW PV + 5kWh Battery
CZ01 PG&E -155,861 16917 54.7 ($1,288,428) ($568,892) ($106,835) 2.3 12.1 $719,536 $1,181,593 CZ02 PG&E -113,954 12677 40.9 ($1,288,428) ($229,433) ($41,288) 5.6 31.2 $1,058,996 $1,247,140 CZ03 PG&E -105,862 12322 41.4 ($1,288,428) ($309,874) ($41,175) 4.2 31.3 $978,554 $1,247,253 CZ04 PG&E -108,570 11927 37.5 ($1,288,428) ($208,239) ($42,689) 6.2 30.2 $1,080,190 $1,245,740 CZ04-2 CPAU -108,570 11927 37.5 ($1,288,428) ($6,261) ($42,689) 205.8 30.2 $1,282,167 $1,245,740 CZ05 PG&E -103,579 11960 39.3 ($1,288,428) ($332,879) ($44,051) 3.9 29.2 $955,549 $1,244,377 CZ06 SCE -73,524 8912 30.3 ($1,288,428) ($52,341) ($17,484) 24.6 73.7 $1,236,087 $1,270,944 CZ06-2 LA -73,524 8912 30.3 ($1,288,428) $48,898 ($17,484) >1 73.7 $1,337,326 $1,270,944 CZ07 SDG&E -64,859 8188 29.0 ($1,288,428) ($120,842) ($12,337) 10.7 104.4 $1,167,586 $1,276,091 CZ08 SCE -67,090 8353 29.2 ($1,288,428) ($43,964) ($11,618) 29.3 110.9 $1,244,464 $1,276,810 CZ08-2 LA -67,090 8353 29.2 ($1,288,428) $48,736 ($11,618) >1 110.9 $1,337,164 $1,276,810 CZ09 SCE -67,483 8402 29.3 ($1,288,428) ($35,547) ($11,126) 36.2 115.8 $1,252,881 $1,277,302 CZ09-2 LA -67,483 8402 29.3 ($1,288,428) $52,410 ($11,126) >1 115.8 $1,340,838 $1,277,302 CZ10 SDG&E -75,157 8418 27.2 ($1,288,428) ($156,973) ($25,469) 8.2 50.6 $1,131,455 $1,262,959 CZ10-2 SCE -75,157 8418 27.2 ($1,288,428) ($54,711) ($25,469) 23.5 50.6 $1,233,718 $1,262,959 CZ11 PG&E -94,783 10252 31.9 ($1,288,428) ($169,847) ($38,904) 7.6 33.1 $1,118,582 $1,249,524 CZ12 PG&E -94,702 10403 33.0 ($1,288,428) ($324,908) ($34,968) 4.0 36.8 $963,520 $1,253,460 CZ12-2 SMUD -94,297 10403 33.1 ($1,288,428) $13,603 ($33,757) >1 38.2 $1,302,031 $1,254,671 CZ13 PG&E -92,196 10029 31.5 ($1,288,428) ($168,358) ($40,229) 7.7 32.0 $1,120,071 $1,248,199 CZ14 SDG&E -96,021 10056 30.7 ($1,288,428) ($308,542) ($44,202) 4.2 29.1 $979,887 $1,244,226 CZ14-2 SCE -96,021 10056 30.7 ($1,288,428) ($110,730) ($44,202) 11.6 29.1 $1,177,698 $1,244,226 CZ15 SCE -44,856 5579 19.0 ($1,288,428) $8,996 ($10,256) >1 125.6 $1,297,425 $1,278,172 CZ16 PG&E -211,468 17599 42.9 ($1,288,428) ($625,671) ($228,203) 2.1 5.6 $662,757 $1,060,225 CZ16-2 LA -211,468 17599 42.9 ($1,288,428) $37,142 ($228,203) >1 5.6 $1,325,570 $1,060,225 Page H-1.175
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 88 2019-07-15
Figure 76. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel – All-Electric + 80kW PV CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
$-TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill) NPV (TDV)
All-Electric + 80kW PV
CZ01 PG&E -54,712 16917 74.6 ($1,123,442) ($240,170) $106,722 4.7 >1 $883,272 $1,230,164 CZ02 PG&E 8,853 12677 65.0 ($1,124,415) $128,649 $223,510 >1 >1 $1,253,063 $1,347,925 CZ03 PG&E 15,612 12322 65.3 ($1,126,687) $44,532 $215,260 >1 >1 $1,171,219 $1,341,947 CZ04 PG&E 15,490 11927 62.0 ($1,126,522) $145,778 $225,402 >1 >1 $1,272,300 $1,351,924 CZ04-2 CPAU 15,490 11927 62.0 ($1,126,522) $289,094 $225,402 >1 >1 $1,415,616 $1,351,924 CZ05 PG&E 25,436 11960 64.8 ($1,126,575) $56,019 $229,149 >1 >1 $1,182,594 $1,355,724 CZ06 SCE 48,875 8912 54.4 ($1,126,716) $163,343 $253,445 >1 >1 $1,290,060 $1,380,161 CZ06-2 LA 62,439 8188 54.1 ($1,125,064) $115,822 $266,502 >1 >1 $1,240,886 $1,391,565 CZ07 SDG&E 56,727 8353 53.5 ($1,123,034) $147,987 $275,773 >1 >1 $1,271,022 $1,398,808 CZ08 SCE 56,727 8353 53.5 ($1,123,034) $163,971 $275,773 >1 >1 $1,287,005 $1,398,808 CZ08-2 LA 55,185 8402 53.7 ($1,124,832) $155,101 $266,880 >1 >1 $1,279,933 $1,391,712 CZ09 SCE 55,185 8402 53.7 ($1,124,832) $169,010 $266,880 >1 >1 $1,293,843 $1,391,712 CZ09-2 LA 50,731 8418 52.0 ($1,121,834) $113,936 $249,207 >1 >1 $1,235,770 $1,371,041 CZ10 SDG&E 50,731 8418 52.0 ($1,121,834) $138,265 $249,207 >1 >1 $1,260,099 $1,371,041 CZ10-2 SCE 25,882 10252 55.6 ($1,122,643) $162,626 $229,944 >1 >1 $1,285,269 $1,352,587 CZ11 PG&E 27,731 10403 57.1 ($1,124,083) $12,954 $236,794 >1 >1 $1,137,037 $1,360,876 CZ12 PG&E 28,136 10403 57.2 ($1,124,083) $206,756 $238,005 >1 >1 $1,330,839 $1,362,087 CZ12-2 SMUD 26,706 10029 55.0 ($1,122,455) $165,991 $219,574 >1 >1 $1,288,446 $1,342,030 CZ13 PG&E 41,989 10056 57.8 ($1,122,814) $22,333 $273,768 >1 >1 $1,145,147 $1,396,582 CZ14 SDG&E 41,989 10056 57.8 ($1,122,814) $120,943 $273,768 >1 >1 $1,243,757 $1,396,582 CZ14-2 SCE 83,393 5579 44.0 ($1,120,934) $210,511 $276,228 >1 >1 $1,331,445 $1,397,162 CZ15 SCE -76,971 17599 69.2 ($1,127,210) ($199,308) $53,550 5.7 >1 $927,902 $1,180,760 CZ16 PG&E -76,971 17599 69.2 ($1,127,210) $172,787 $53,550 >1 >1 $1,299,997 $1,180,760 CZ16-2 LA -54,712 16917 74.6 ($1,123,442) ($240,170) $106,722 4.7 >1 $883,272 $1,230,164 Page H-1.176
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 89 2019-07-15
Figure 77. Cost Effectiveness for Small Hotel – All-Electric + 80kW PV + 50 kWh Battery CZ IOU territory
Elec
Savings
(kWh)
Gas
Savings
(therms)
GHG
savings
(tons)
Incremental
Package Cost
Lifecycle
Energy Cost
Savings
$-TDV
Savings
B/C
Ratio
(Onbill)
B/C
Ratio
(TDV)
NPV (Onbill) NPV (TDV)
All-Electric + 80kW PV + 50kWh Battery
CZ01 PG&E -55,323 16917 75.7 ($1,095,542) ($238,351) $118,605 4.6 >1 $857,191 $1,214,147 CZ02 PG&E 7,849 12677 67.4 ($1,096,515) $129,794 $239,632 >1 >1 $1,226,309 $1,336,146 CZ03 PG&E 14,594 12322 67.7 ($1,098,787) $43,166 $235,280 >1 >1 $1,141,953 $1,334,067 CZ04 PG&E 14,459 11927 64.4 ($1,098,622) $148,698 $249,244 >1 >1 $1,247,320 $1,347,866 CZ04-2 CPAU 14,459 11927 64.4 ($1,098,622) $286,573 $249,244 >1 >1 $1,385,195 $1,347,866 CZ05 PG&E 24,292 11960 67.6 ($1,098,675) $53,719 $244,514 >1 >1 $1,152,394 $1,343,189 CZ06 SCE 47,762 8912 57.2 ($1,098,816) $165,763 $267,221 >1 >1 $1,264,579 $1,366,037 CZ06-2 LA 61,252 8188 57.1 ($1,097,164) $138,060 $283,797 >1 >1 $1,235,223 $1,380,960 CZ07 SDG&E 55,588 8353 56.2 ($1,095,134) $138,718 $286,483 >1 >1 $1,233,852 $1,381,618 CZ08 SCE 55,588 8353 56.2 ($1,095,134) $165,932 $286,483 >1 >1 $1,261,066 $1,381,618 CZ08-2 LA 54,162 8402 56.1 ($1,096,932) $149,615 $269,453 >1 >1 $1,246,548 $1,366,386 CZ09 SCE 54,162 8402 56.1 ($1,096,932) $171,168 $269,453 >1 >1 $1,268,101 $1,366,386 CZ09-2 LA 49,832 8418 54.1 ($1,093,934) $120,627 $250,720 >1 >1 $1,214,561 $1,344,654 CZ10 SDG&E 49,832 8418 54.1 ($1,093,934) $136,144 $250,720 >1 >1 $1,230,078 $1,344,654 CZ10-2 SCE 25,148 10252 57.3 ($1,094,743) $160,744 $233,842 >1 >1 $1,255,487 $1,328,585 CZ11 PG&E 26,813 10403 59.2 ($1,096,183) $10,314 $247,504 >1 >1 $1,106,497 $1,343,686 CZ12 PG&E 27,217 10403 59.3 ($1,096,183) $206,749 $248,790 >1 >1 $1,302,931 $1,344,973 CZ12-2 SMUD 26,027 10029 56.5 ($1,094,555) $164,506 $229,300 >1 >1 $1,259,061 $1,323,856 CZ13 PG&E 41,123 10056 59.7 ($1,094,914) $25,707 $276,947 >1 >1 $1,120,621 $1,371,860 CZ14 SDG&E 41,123 10056 59.7 ($1,094,914) $119,382 $276,947 >1 >1 $1,214,296 $1,371,860 CZ14-2 SCE 82,697 5579 45.5 ($1,093,034) $209,837 $277,287 >1 >1 $1,302,871 $1,370,321 CZ15 SCE -77,815 17599 71.1 ($1,099,310) ($193,758) $65,850 5.7 >1 $905,552 $1,165,160 CZ16 PG&E -77,815 17599 71.1 ($1,099,310) $175,872 $65,850 >1 >1 $1,275,182 $1,165,160 CZ16-2 LA -55,323 16917 75.7 ($1,095,542) ($238,351) $118,605 4.6 >1 $857,191 $1,214,147 Page H-1.177
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 90 2019-07-15

6.8 List of Relevant Efficiency Measures Explored
The Reach Code Team started with a potential list of energy efficiency measures proposed for 2022 Title 24 codes and standards enhancement measures, as well as measures from the 2018 International Green Construction Code, which is based on ASHRAE Standard 189.1-2017. The team also developed new measures based on their experience. This original list was over 100 measures long. The measures were filtered based on applicability to the prototypes in this study, ability to model in simulation software, previously demonstrated energy savings potential, and market readiness. The list of 28 measures below represent the list of efficiency measures that meet these criteria and were investigated to some degree.

The column to the far right indicates whether the measure was ultimately included in analysis or not.

Figure 78. List of Relevant Efficiency Measures Explored Building Component Measure Name Measure Description Notes Include? Water Heating Drain water Heat Recovery Add drain water heat recovery in hotel prototype Requires calculations outside of modeling software. Y Envelope High performance fenestration Improved fenestration SHGC (reduce to 0.22). Y Envelope High SHGC for cold climates Raise prescriptive fenestration SHGC (to 0.45) in cold climates where additional heat is beneficial. Y
Envelope Allowable fenestration by
orientation Limit amount of fenestration as a function of orientation Y Envelope High Thermal Mass Buildings
Increase building thermal mass. Thermal mass slows the
change in internal temperature of buildings with respect to the outdoor temperature, allowing the peak cooling
load during summer to be pushed to the evening,
resulting in lower overall cooling loads.

Initial energy modeling results showed marginal
cooling savings, negative heating savings. N
Envelope Opaque Insulation Increases the insulation requirement for opaque envelopes (i.e., roof and above-grade wall).

Initial energy modeling results showed marginal
energy savings at significant costs which would not
meet c/e criteria.

N
Envelope Triple pane windows U-factor of 0.20 for all windows Initial energy modeling results showed only marginal
energy savings and, in some cases, increased energy
use.

N
Page H-1.178
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 91 2019-07-15
Building Component Measure Name Measure Description Notes Include? Envelope Duct Leakage Testing
Expand duct leakage testing requirements based
on ASHRAE Standard 215-2018: Method of Test to
Determine Leakage of Operating HVAC Air Distribution
Systems (ANSI Approved).

More research needs to be done on current duct
leakage and how it can be addressed. N
Envelope Fenestration area Reduce maximum allowable fenestration area to 30%.

Instead of this measure, analyzed measure which
looked at limiting fenestration based on wall
orientation.

N
Envelope Skinny triple pane windows U-factor of 0.20 for all windows, with no changes to existing framing or building structure.

Market not ready. No commercially-available
products for commercial buildings. N
Envelope Permanent projections
Detailed prescriptive requirements for shading based on ASHRAE 189. PF >0.50 for first story and >0.25 for other floors. Many exceptions. Corresponding SHGC multipliers to be used.

Title 24 already allows owner to trade off SHGC with
permanent projections. Also, adding requirements for
permanent projections would raise concerns.

N
Envelope Reduced infiltration Reduce infiltration rates by improving building sealing.

Infiltration rates are a fixed ACM input and cannot be
changed. A workaround attempt would not be
precise, and the practicality of implementation by
developers is low given the modeling capabilities and
the fact that in-field verification is challenging.

Benefits would predominantly be for air quality rather
than energy.

N
Page H-1.179
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 92 2019-07-15
Building Component Measure Name Measure Description Notes Include? HVAC Heat recovery ventilation For the hotel, recover and transfer heat from exhausted air to ventilation air.

For small hotels, the ventilation requirement could be
met by various approaches, and the most common
ones are:
a. Exhaust only system, and ventilation is met by
infiltration or window operation.
b. Through a Z-duct that connects the zone AC
unit’s intake to an outside air intake louver.
c. Centralized ventilation system (DOAS)
The prototype developed for the small hotel is using
Type 2 above. The major consideration is that
currently, HRV + PTACs cannot be modeled at each
guest room, only at the rooftop system. Option 1
would require the same type of HRV implementation
as Option 2. Option 3 may be pursuable, but would
require a significant redesign of the system, with
questionable impacts. Previous studies have found
heat recovery as cost effective in California only in
buildings with high loads or high air exchange rates,
given the relatively mild climate.

N
HVAC Require Economizers in Smaller
Capacity Systems
Lower the capacity trigger for air economizers. Previous studies have shown cost effectiveness for systems as low as 3 tons.

Y
HVAC Reduce VAV minimum flow limit
Current T24 and 90.1 requirements limit VAV minimum
flow rates to no more than 20% of maximum flow.

Proposal based on ASHRAE Guideline 36 which includes
sequences that remove technical barriers that previously existed. Also, most new DDC controllers are now capable of lower limits. The new limit may be as low as the
required ventilation rate. A non-energy benefit of this measure is a reduction in over-cooling, thus improving
comfort.

Y
Page H-1.180
2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 93 2019-07-15
Building Component Measure Name Measure Description Notes Include? HVAC Building Automation System (BAS)
improvements
With adoption of ASHRAE Guideline 36 (GDL-36), there is now a national consensus standard for the description of high-performance sequences of operation. This measure
will update BAS control requirements to improve
usability and enforcement and to increase energy
efficiency. BAS control requirement language will be
improved either by adoption of similar language to GDL36, or reference to GDL-36. Specific T24 BAS control topics that will be addressed include at a minimum: DCV, demand-based reset of SAT, demand-based reset of SP,
dual-maximum zone sequences, and zone groups for
scheduling.

In order to realize any savings in the difference, we
would need a very detailed energy model with spaceby-space load/occupant diversity, etc. We would also need more modeling capability than is currently
available in CBECC-Com.

N
HVAC Fault Detection Devices (FDD)
Expand FDD requirements to a wider range of AHU faults
beyond the economizer. Fault requirements will be based on NIST field research, which has consequently been
integrated into ASHRAE Guideline 36 Best in Class
Sequences of Operations. Costs are solely to develop the sequences, which is likely minimal, and much of the
hardware required for economizer FDD is also used to
detect other faults.

Market not ready. N
HVAC Small circulator pumps ECM, trim
to flow rate Circulator pumps for industry and commercial.

Hot water pump energy use is small already (<1%
building electricity usage) so not much savings
potential. More savings for CHW pumps. Modeling
limitations as well.

N
HVAC High Performance Ducts to
Reduce Static Pressure
Revise requirements for duct sizing to reduce static
pressure.

Preliminary energy modeling results showed only
marginal energy savings compared to measure cost. N
HVAC Parallel fan-powered boxes Use of parallel fan-powered boxes Unable to model PFPB with variable speed fans in modeling software. N
Lighting Daylight Dimming Plus OFF Automatic daylight dimming controls requirements include the OFF step. Y
Lighting Occupant Sensing in Open Plan
Offices
Take the PAF without allowing for increased design
wattage Y
Lighting Institutional tuning Take the PAF without allowing for increased design wattage Y
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2019 Nonresidential New Construction Reach Code Cost Effectiveness Study 94 2019-07-15
Building Component Measure Name Measure Description Notes Include? Lighting Reduced Interior Lighting Power
Density Reduced interior LPD values. Y
Lighting Shift from general to task
illumination
Low levels of general illumination with task and accent lighting added to locations where higher light levels are required. The shift from general to task illumination
measure is based on the assumption that proper lighting of a desk surface with high efficacy lighting can allow for the significant reduction of ambient general lighting.

This is a tough measure to require as the LPDs
decrease. N
Lighting Future-proof lighting controls
Fill any holes in the current code that could lead to the situations where TLEDS or LED fixtures that are not
dimmable or upgradable in the future, or any other issues with code that make it hard to transition to ALCS/IoT
lighting in the future
Major lighting controls already covered in other
measures being considered N
Lighting Integrated control of lighting and
HVAC systems
Formalize the definition of "lighting and HVAC control
integration" by defining the level of data sharing required between systems and the mechanism needed to share
such data. The highest savings potential would likely be generated from VAV HVAC systems by closing the
damper in unoccupied zones based on the occupancy
sensor information from the lighting systems.

Not market ready enough. N
Other NR Plug Load Controls
Energy savings opportunities for plug loads, which may
include: energy efficient equipment, equipment power
management, occupancy sensor control, and occupant
awareness programs. The proposal could be extending
controlled receptacles requirements in Section 130.5(d) to more occupancy types. It would also consider circuitlevel controls.

Office equipment now all have their own standby
power modes that use very little power, making plug
load controls very difficult to be cost-effective.

N
Page H-1.182
Library and Community Services
City of Menlo Park 701 Laurel St., Menlo Park, CA 94025 tel 650-330-6600 menlopark.gov

STAFF REPORT
City Council
Meeting Date:

Staff Report Number:

Regular Business:
11/1/2022
22-213-CC
Adopt a resolution establishing City Council Policy
CC-22-XXX Commemorative Park Amenities Policy
Recommendation
Staff recommends that the City Council adopt a resolution (Attachment A) establishing City Council Policy #CC-22-XXX Commemorative Park Amenities Policy (Exhibit A to resolution) to institute procedures and criteria for evaluating, approving, installing, and maintaining commemorative park amenities (also referred to as “memorials”) in City parks, for example memorial plaques on park benches and similar installations that honor private individuals.

Policy Issues
City Council establishes policies and authorizes the use and prioritization of City resources to serve the community.

Background
On September 28, 2022, the Parks and Recreation Commission reviewed a draft proposed policy, procedure and criteria for evaluating, installing, and maintaining commemorative park amenities in City parks-- for example memorial plaques on park benches and similar installations that honor private individuals-- and assented with the proposed policy, procedure and criteria as presented.

On October 18, 2022, the City Council received an informational item outlining the key considerations for establishing a commemorative park amenities policy.

Analysis
The City of Menlo Park owns and operates 15 public parks of various sizes and featuring a range of outdoor public amenities including benches, tables, shade structures, play structures, walking paths, ponds, public art and heritage trees. Most of the City’s parks contain one or more commemorative park amenities, i.e., plaques or other memorials placed in parks, typically to honor deceased individuals. Memorials are found in most parks in various locations, including park benches, stones, occasionally trees.

Recent practice for installing commemorative park amenities has been request-driven and evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Typically, interested parties requested placement of a commemorative amenity, then City staff coordinated directly with the requesting party on the desired location, verbiage, type and cost of the commemorative amenity. In a typical year, staff receives between 6-10 unsolicited commemorative amenity requests from private individuals. The requesting party typically donated the cost to install a memorial – approximately $5,000 to $7,000 for a bench with commemorative plaque. This practice has resulted in several dozen memorial installations in City-owned parks (Attachment B.) AGENDA ITEM H-2 Page H-2.1
Staff Report #: 22-213-CC
City of Menlo Park 701 Laurel St., Menlo Park, CA 94025 tel 650-330-6600 menlopark.gov Recently, as the number of existing commemorative amenities has accumulated, additional new requests received, and older amenities fallen into disrepair, staff has identified a need for process improvements for reviewing, evaluating, approving, and maintaining commemorative park amenities in City parks. For example, the City lacks written objective criteria for evaluating memorial requests. The City also lacks a written policy for repairing, replacing or removing memorials. Additionally, no written policy is in place to define the quantity and types of memorials a given park can and should have. No established process exists for funding memorial requests from individuals who lack financial resources to donate the cost of installation. And, there currently is no public visibility into the process for reviewing, approving and installing memorials to private individuals in public spaces.

Criteria
The proposed policy in prioritizes memorials that meet the following criteria:
• Honoree has been deceased at least one year at the time of the request • Honoree had a significant impact to the Menlo Park community, e.g.:
• Served on an elected or appointed body in Menlo Park
• Made significant volunteer contributions to Menlo Park • Was a longtime employee of the City of Menlo Park
• Was a recognized Menlo Park community leader
• Contributed meaningfully to the civic health and progress of Menlo Park • Other notable contributions to the community above and beyond the ordinary.

Approval procedures
The proposed policy, if adopted by City Council, will require one or more of the following steps before installing a memorial to a private individual in a City park:

1. A City Council proclamation in memory of the departed individual that includes direction to install a memorial in their memory

2. A recommendation by the Parks and Recreation Commission to install a memorial to the departed individual (installation remains subject to approval by the City Council and/or City Manager)

3. A formal written request (application) submitted to and approved by the City Manager or their designee.

Repair, maintenance and removal procedures
The proposed policy would establish procedures for the ongoing maintenance, repair, removal and/or replacement of commemorative park amenities, as follows:
• The City will maintain any commemorative amenity until it deteriorates beyond its usable life span or is damaged beyond reasonable repair
• The City reserves the right to remove any memorial that has been evaluated and deemed beyond reasonable repair
• Once removed, the City will not replace any memorial unless the approval process is completed again • The City shall maintain an inventory of all memorials on City property and shall evaluate their condition at least every four years or as needed in response to reports of damage or loss. • Honoree’s family may take possession of any amenity that is removed by the City.

Cost of installation and maintenance
The proposed policy, if authorized by City Council, will establish options for offsetting the cost of installing commemorative park amenities:
• Community members are welcome and encouraged to donate toward the cost of installing memorials • Memorials made by proclamation of the City Council shall be installed at the City’s expense • Selection and placement of commemorative amenities shall not be influenced by the ability or inability of Page H-2.2
Staff Report #: 22-213-CC
City of Menlo Park 701 Laurel St., Menlo Park, CA 94025 tel 650-330-6600 menlopark.gov interested parties to financially contribute or donate toward the cost of the memorial.

Impact on City Resources
The total cost to produce and install one bench with commemorative plaque in a City-owned park is approximately $5,000 to $7,000. If City Council adopts the resolution in Attachment A, then memorials made by proclamation of the City Council would be installed at the City’s expense, and selection and placement of commemorative amenities would not be influenced by the ability or inability of interested parties to financially contribute or donate toward the cost of the memorial. Staff receives between 6-10 unsolicited commemorative amenity requests from private individuals in a typical year. The estimated cost to the City to install 10 commemorative park amenities would be up to approximately $70,000, however any donations received from private individuals would offset these costs to some extent. There is sufficient funding available in the general fund operating budget to accommodate this cost in the current fiscal year. If City Council adopts the resolution in Attachment A establishing the commemorative park amenities policy, then staff will track the volume of memorial requests and their costs starting from the time of policy adoption and report back to City Council with any recommendations in the context of the fiscal year 2023-24 budget deliberations.

Environmental Review
This informational item is not a project within the meaning of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines §§ 15378 and 15061(b)(3) as it will not result in any direct or indirect physical change in the environment.

Public Notice
Public notification was achieved by posting the agenda, with the agenda items being listed, at least 72 hours prior to the meeting.

Attachments
A. Resolution and Exhibit A
B. Inventory of commemorative park amenities in City-owned parks Report prepared by:

Sean Reinhart, Library and Community Services Director
Page H-2.3
RESOLUTION NO. XXXX

RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF MENLO PARK ESTABLISHING CITY COUNCIL POLICY CC-22-XXX COMMEMORATIVE

PARK AMENITIES POLICY REGARDING INSTALLATION OF MEMORIALS IN

CITY-OWNED PARKS
WHEREAS, the City of Menlo Park owns and operates public parks of various sizes and featuring a range of outdoor public amenities including benches, tables, shade structures, play structures, walking paths, ponds, public art, and heritage trees; and WHEREAS, some City-owned parks contain one or more commemorative park amenities (also referred to as “memorials”); and
WHEREAS, the City Council desires to establish a procedure and criteria for evaluating, approving, installing, and maintaining commemorative park amenities in City parks, for example memorial plaques on park benches and similar installations that honor private individuals.

NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS RESOLVED, that City Council Policy CC-22-XXX Commemorative Park Amenities Policy is hereby established as set forth in Exhibit A.

I, Judi A. Herren, City Clerk of Menlo Park, do hereby certify that the above and foregoing City Council Resolution was duly and regularly passed and adopted at a meeting by said City Council on the first day of November, 2022, by the following votes:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the Official Seal of said City on this __ day of November, 2022.

Judi A. Herren, City Clerk
Exhibit:

A. City Council Policy CC-22-xxx Commemorative Park Amenities Policy Page H-2.4 ATTACHMENT A

COMMEMORATIVE PARK AMENITIES POLICY
City Council Policy #CC-22-XXX
Adopted _____, 2022
Resolution No. XXXX
Purpose
This policy establishes the procedure and criteria for evaluating, approving, installing, and maintaining commemorative park amenities (also referred to as “memorials”) in City parks, for example memorial plaques on park benches and similar installations that honor private individuals.

Background
The City of Menlo Park owns and operates public parks of various sizes and featuring a range of outdoor public amenities including benches, tables, shade structures, play structures, walking paths, ponds, public art, and heritage trees. Some City parks contain one or more commemorative park amenities, i.e., plaques or other memorials placed in parks, typically to honor deceased individuals. Memorials are found in most parks in various locations, including park benches, stones, occasionally trees.

Criteria
The City prioritizes commemorative park amenities and other memorials that meet the following criteria:
• Honoree has been deceased at least one year at the time of the request • Honoree had a significant impact to the Menlo Park community, e.g.:
• Served on an elected or appointed body in Menlo Park
• Made significant volunteer contributions to Menlo Park • Was a longtime employee of the City of Menlo Park
• Was a recognized Menlo Park community leader
• Contributed meaningfully to the civic health and progress of Menlo Park • Other notable contributions to the community above and beyond the ordinary.

Approval procedures
One or more of the following steps shall be completed prior to installing a memorial to a private individual in a City park:
• A City Council proclamation in memory of the departed individual that includes direction to install a memorial in their memory
• A recommendation by the Parks and Recreation Commission to install a memorial to the departed individual (installation remains subject to approval by the City Council and/or City Manager) • A formal written request (application) submitted to and approved by the City Manager or their designee.

Repair, maintenance, and removal procedures
The ongoing maintenance, repair, removal and/or replacement of commemorative park amenities shall proceed as follows:
• The City will maintain any commemorative amenity until it deteriorates beyond its usable life span or is damaged beyond reasonable repair
• The City reserves the right to remove any memorial that has been evaluated and deemed beyond reasonable repair
• Once removed, the City will not replace any memorial unless the approval process is completed again • The City shall maintain an inventory of all memorials on City property and shall evaluate their condition at least every four years or as needed in response to reports of damage or loss. • Honoree’s family may take possession of any amenity that is removed by the City.

Cost of installation and maintenance
Options for offsetting the cost of installing commemorative park amenities shall include:
• Memorials made by proclamation of the City Council shall be installed at the City’s expense • Community members are welcome and encouraged to donate toward the cost of installing memorials • Selection and placement of commemorative park amenities shall not be influenced by the ability or inability of interested parties to financially contribute or donate toward the cost of the memorial.

Resolution No. XXXX