Agenda, regular meeting — Monterey Park City Council, April 17, 2024 (part 4 of 5)

City of Monterey Park
Monterey Park Sustainability Plan

ii
Table 5 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Electricity T&D Loss ................. 11 Table 6 Community Electricity T&D Loss GHG Emissions Calculations ................................ ......11 Table 7 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Natural Gas Use BE.1.1 ............ 12 Table 8 Community Residential and Nonresidential Natural Gas GHG Emissions Calculations ...13 Table 9 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Natural Gas Leaks .................... 14 Table 10 Community Natural Gas Methane Leaks GHG Emissions Calculations .......................... 14 Table 11 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community On-road Transportation TR.1.A and TR.2.B ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 16 Table 12 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community On-road Transportation EV ......17 Table 13 Community On-road EV Activity Data Calculations ................................ ...................... 18 Table 14 Community On-road Transportation GHG Emissions Calculations ................................ 18 Table 15 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Off-Road Equipment TR.8......... 19 Table 16 Community Off-road Equipment Sector Attributions................................ ................... 20 Table 17 Community Off-road GHG Emissions Calculations ................................ ....................... 21 Table 18 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Solid Waste SW.4.1.................. 22 Table 19 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Solid Waste SW.5 .................... 23 Table 20 Community Solid Waste Tonnage Allocation ................................ .............................. 23 Table 21 Community Solid Waste Tonnage Allocation ................................ .............................. 23 Table 22 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Water WW.14 ......................... 24 Table 23 Community Water Activity Data ................................ ................................ ................ 25 Table 24 Community Water Energy Intensities Per Water District ................................ ............. 25 Table 25 Community Water Emissions Factors Per Water District ................................ ............. 25 Table 26 Community Water GHG Emissions and Inclusions ................................ ....................... 26 Table 27 Wastewater Population Served Allocation Per WWTP................................ ................. 27 Table 28 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Wastewater WW.1.(alt) ........... 28 Table 29 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Wastewater WW.2.(alt) ........... 29 Table 30 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Wastewater WW.7 .................. 30 Table 31 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Wastewater WW.8 .................. 31 Table 32 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Wastewater WW.12.(alt) ......... 32 Table 33 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Wastewater WW.15 ................ 33 Table 34 Wastewater Electricity Use Activity Data Allocation Per WWTP ................................ ...34 Table 35 Community Wastewater GHG Emissions Calculations ................................ ................. 35 Table 36 2021 Community GHG Emissions Inventory................................ ................................ 38

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report iii Table 37 Municipal Buildings and Facilities Sector Natural Gas GHG Emissions Calculations ........ 42 Table 38 Municipal Buildings and Facilities Sector Electricity GHG Emission Calculations ............ 43 Table 39 Municipal Streetlights and Traffic Signals Sector Electricity GHG Emission Calculations .43 Table 40 Municipal Water Consumption GHG Emissions Calculations ................................ ........ 44 Table 41 Municipal Vehicle Fleet Sector GHG Emission Calculations ................................ ......... 45 Table 42 Municipal Transit Fleet Sector GHG Emission Calculations................................ ........... 45 Table 43 Municipal Solid Waste GHG Emission Calculations ................................ ...................... 46 Table 44 Municipal Wastewater GHG Emissions................................ ................................ .......47 Table 45 Municipal Employee Commute GHG Emissions................................ ........................... 48 Table 46 BAU Forecast Demographic and Projection Metrics by Forecast Year .......................... 50 Table 47 GHG Emission Sources and Growth Factors for BAU Scenario Forecast........................ 50 Table 48 BAU Forecast Results Summary by Emission Sector ................................ .................... 51 Table 49 Southern California Edison Forecasted RPS and Electricity Emission Factor ................. 55 Table 50 Legislative Adjusted Scenario Forecast Results................................ ........................... 56 Table 51 Summary of Legislative GHG Emission Reductions ................................ ..................... 57 Table 52 1990 Back-cast Calculations................................ ................................ ...................... 58 Table 53 GHG Emissions Reduction Targets and Gap Analysis ................................ .................. 60 Figures
Figure 1 Updated Inventory GHG Emissions by Sector................................ .............................. 36 Figure 2 Updated Inventory GHG Emissions by Sub-Sector ................................ ....................... 37 Figure 3 GHG Emissions Forecast and Provisional Target Pathways (Mass Emissions) ................ 60

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City of Monterey Park
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4 1 Introduction
This document presents the data, methods, and results for the 2021 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory, forecast, and targets for the City of Monterey Park (the City). The 2021 GHG emissions inventory will be used to update the City’s GHG emission reduction targets in support of the development of the City’s Sustainability plan (SP).

California (the State) has set statewide GHG emissions reduction goals to mitigate negative climate change impacts and transition the State to a low-carbon economy. In particular, the State has established goals to reduce statewide GHG emissions 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030, as established by Senate Bill (SB) 32 and achieve net zero GHG emissions as soon as possible, but no later than 2045, as established by Assembly Bill (AB) 1279.1The California Air Resources Board (CARB) is the agency responsible for addressing these goals and developing strategies to achieve them. Many local jurisdictions are completing their own GHG inventories, forecasts, and Climate Action Plans (CAPs) to align with SB 32 and AB 1279.

Local governments play a fundamental role in reducing local GHG emissions and preparing for a more resilient future. Local government policies can influence high-emissions behavior and mitigate climate change effects.2 To this end, the City is developing a SP to align with SB 32 and AB 1279 goals, increase resilience and climate change preparedness, maintain healthy air and water resources, and improve community health and the local economy. The forthcoming SP will include the 2021 GHG inventory for the community (2021 Community GHG Inventory) and the associated GHG emissions forecast, in addition to the municipal operations inventory (2021 Municipal GHG Inventory). Municipal GHG emissions are a subset of community GHG emissions and are therefore already accounted for within the community GHG inventory and associated forecast.

The 2021 Community GHG Inventory completed for the City includes GHG emissions from activities within the City’s jurisdictional boundaries during 2021. Based on the inventory, Rincon developed a back-cast of the City’s GHG emissions to 1990 to set emissions targets in alignment with the State’s goals as well as a forecasted emission levels in 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2045. The emissions forecast provides an up-to-date projection of how GHG emissions are expected to change for the City in the future based on changes in population and employment, as well as existing State and federal legislation aimed at reducing GHG emissions through 2045. This document also presents provisional GHG targets and a gap analysis, which identifies the level of GHG emissions reduction that will need to be achieved through local action to meet the GHG emissions reduction targets. The analysis in this document relies on the best available data and calculation methodologies currently available.

1 AB 1279 defines net zero GHG emissions as reducing GHG emissions at least 85 percent below 1990 levels. California also set a goal to reach 1990 levels by 2020, as established by AB 32, The 2020 goal set by AB 32 was achieved by the State in 2016. CARB. Frequently As ked Questions – California’s 2022 Climate Scoping Plan. Accessed November 14, 2022 at: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022 - 06/2022_Scoping_Plan_FAQ_6.21.22.pdf
2 CARB. California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan. Accessed November 14, 2022 at:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 5 2 Background

2.1 Legislative Context
The State has developed statewide legislative goals and programs to reduce GHG emissions. CARB has issued guidance concerning the establishment of GHG emissions reduction targets for local CAPs so communities can contribute their fair share towards the State’s achievement of the GHG emissions reduction goals. In the first Climate Change Scoping Plan (referred to as the 2008 Scoping Plan), CARB encouraged local governments to adopt a reduction target for their own community emissions that parallels the State commitment to reduce GHG emissions.3 In 2017, CARB published the 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan (referred to as the 2017 Scoping Plan Update) outlining the strategies the State will employ to reach the additional State targets set by SB 32.4 On May 10th, 2022, the Draft 2022 California Climate Change Scoping Plan Update was published for public comment and includes recommendations for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality by 2045 codified by AB 1279.5
The State of California has adopted legislation and policies to address climate change, the most relevant of which are summarized below.
▪ Executive Order S-3-05, signed in 2005, establishes statewide GHG emissions reduction goals to achieve long-term climate stabilization as follows: by 2020, reduce GHG emissions to 1990 levels and by 2050, reduce GHG emissions to 80 percent below 1990 levels. The 2050 goal was accelerated by the 2045 carbon neutral goal established by EO B-55-18 and AB 1279, as discussed below.
▪ Assembly Bill 32, known as the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, requires California’s GHG emissions be reduced to 1990 levels by the year 2020 (approximately a 15 percent reduction from 2005 to 2008 levels). The 2008 Scoping Plan identifies mandatory and voluntary measures to achieve the statewide 2020 GHG emissions limit.
▪ Senate Bill 32, signed in 2016, establishes a statewide mid-term GHG emissions reduction goal of 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. CARB formally adopted the 2017 Scoping Plan Update in December 2017, laying the roadmap to achieve 2030 goals and giving guidance to achieve substantial progress toward the 2050 State goals. The Draft 2022 Scoping Plan Update provides further guidance for reaching the State’s SB 32 goal.
▪ Executive Order B-55-18, signed in 2018, expanded upon EO S-3-05 by creating a statewide GHG emissions goal of carbon neutrality by 2045. EO S-55-18 identifies CARB as the lead agency to develop a framework for implementation and progress tracking toward this goal in the 2022 Climate Change Scoping Plan Update.

3 CARB. Climate Change Scoping Plan: A Framework for Change. Dec. 2008. Accessed November 14, 2022 at:
ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic//cc/scopingplan/document/adopted_scoping_plan.pdf 4 CARB. California’s 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan. Accessed November 14, 2022 at:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/classic/cc/scopingplan/scoping_plan_2017.pdf 5 CARB. Draft 2022 Scoping Plan Update. Accessed November 14, 2022 at:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2022 -05/2022 -draft-sp.pdf

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6 ▪ Assembly Bill 1279, known as the California Climate Crisis Act, signed by the governor in 2022, codifies the GHG emissions reduction goals of achieving carbon neutrality by 2045 and expands upon this goal to define carbon neutrality as reducing direct emissions 85 percent below 1990 levels and removing the remaining 15 percent of emissions via other technologies and practices, like carbon sequestration. The 2022 Scoping Plan Update November 2022 provides the pathway for reaching the State’s AB 1279 goal.

2.2 Climate Science Context
Greenhouse Gases
GHGs are chemical compounds found in the earth’s atmosphere which affect climate conditions by trapping infrared radiation from sunlight which can serve to raise global temperatures. Emissions can occur from natural processes as well as human activities which release excess GHGs into the atmosphere. Table 1 presents the six internationally recognized GHGs commonly quantified in GHG inventories. The City’s 2021 inventories focus on the three GHGs most relevant to the City’s operations: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH 4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The other gases (hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluorides) are emitted primarily in private sector manufacturing and electricity transmission and are therefore omitted from the inventory.

This approach is consistent with typical community and municipal inventory approaches, as industrial emissions are typically outside of the City’s jurisdictional control. Table 1 also includes the global warming potentials (GWP) for each gas. The 2021 inventories used 100-year GWPs for each gas that are consistent with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report, 6 which were also used by the State in the latest State-wide GHG emissions inventory. The GWP refers to the ability of each gas to trap heat in the atmosphere. For example, one pound of methane gas has 25 times more heat capturing potential than one pound of carbon dioxide gas. GHG emissions are reported in metric tons of CO2 equivalent (MT CO2e).

Table 1 2021 Inventory GHGs and GWPs
Greenhouse Gas Primary Source
100-year
GWP
Carbon dioxide (CO2) Combustion 1
Methane (CH4) Combustion, anaerobic decomposition of organic waste (e.g., in landfills, wastewater treatment plants)
25 Nitrous Oxide (N 2O) Leaking refrigerants and fire suppressants 298 Hydrofluorocarbons Leaking refrigerants and fire suppressants 4 - 12,400 Perfluorocarbons Aluminum production, semiconductor manufacturing, HVAC equipment manufacturing
6,630 -
11,100
Sulfur Hexafluoride
(SH6)
Transmission and distribution of power 23,500
Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2007 . AR4 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2007 . Available at:
https://www.ipcc.ch/assessment -report/ar4/

6 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2014. AR5 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2014. Accessed January 5, 2023 at:
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 7 3 GHG Emissions Inventory - Community
Conducting a GHG emissions inventory provides a comprehensive understanding of a jurisdiction’s GHG emissions, and may be developed to serve the following purposes:
▪ Establishes perspective of GHG emissions conditions in the applicable inventory year. ▪ Provide an understanding of where the highest sources of GHG emissions in the jurisdiction originate and where the greatest opportunities for emissions reduction exist. ▪ Create a GHG emissions baseline from which the jurisdiction can establish a forecast, reduction targets, and track progress over time.

GHG inventories are developed by identifying the sources and sinks (sectors) for GHGs within the geographic or system boundary of interest (e.g., City), collecting activity data for each sector, and applying an emissions factor to determine the carbon dioxide equivalence (CO2e). On the level of cities or counties, there are often many potential sectors contributing to the jurisdiction’s GHG emissions. However only a select few sectors are typically considered the major contributors to the jurisdiction’s GHG inventory. The GHG emissions sectors used for the City’s GHG inventory are identified in Section 3.

3.1 Methodology
Protocol
The City’s 2021 Community GHG Inventory was developed in alignment with accounting protocols provided by the Local Governments for Sustainability International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) as recommended by the Association of Environmental Professionals (AEP) and the California Office of Planning and Research (OPR).7 ICLEI protocols are designed for local-scale accounting of GHG emissions that contribute to climate change and provide authoritative guidance to account for GHG emissions accurately and consistently. The ICLEI U.S. Community Protocol for Accounting and Reporting Greenhouse Gas Emissions Version 1.2 (Community Protocol) serves to guide the measurement and reporting of GHG emissions in a standardized way and is used by other jurisdictions to support their own inventory, forecast, and climate action planning efforts. The Community Protocol also includes steps to evaluate the relevance, completeness, consistency, transparency, and accuracy of data used in the GHG inventory.

GHG emissions were calculated by multiplying the activity data in each GHG emissions sector (e.g., transportation, energy, waste, water and wastewater) by an associated emission factor. Activity data refer to the relevant measured or estimated level of GHG-generating activity (e.g., energy consumption, miles traveled). Emission factors are observation-based conversion factors used to equate activity data to generated GHG emissions. The 2021 Community GHG Inventory leverages the latest available models and best available data in accordance with the Community Protocol. The inventory serves to provide a comprehensive understanding of the community’s current GHG

7 Association of Environmental Professionals (AEP). 2013. AEP Climate Change Committee’s “The California Supplement to the United States Community -Wide Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Protocol”. Available at:
https://califaep.org/docs/California_Supplement_to_the_National_Protocol.pdf

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8 emissions. The following sections contain further information on the inventory approach, calculation methodologies, data used, and results.

Emissions Boundary
The City’s community inventory covers the relevant emissions sources within the boundary of the City. The inventory thereby reflects emissions sectors over which the City has jurisdictional control and influence. Sectors where the jurisdiction has limited influence are generally excluded from the 2021 GHG Community Inventory as the City does not have the power to develop measures to impact associated emissions. The emissions boundary set forth in the analysis herein aligns with general GHG inventory accounting principles as well as methods set forth by the Community Protocol.

Scope
The Community Protocol recommends reporting GHG emissions from five basic reporting activities in a community inventory, which include:
▪ Use of electricity by the community
▪ Use of fuel in residential and commercial stationary combustion equipment ▪ On-road passenger and freight motor vehicle travel
▪ Use of energy in potable water and wastewater treatment and distribution ▪ Generation of solid waste by the community
The Community Protocol also provides recommendations for additional GHG emissions source reporting for activities that can be influenced by the accounting agency. Based on reporting practices in California, it is recommended that GHG emissions from off-road equipment fuel combustion and wastewater treatment processes are also included in community GHG emissions inventories. GHG emissions sources can be categorized more generally into the following five activity sectors:
▪ Electricity
▪ Natural Gas
▪ Transportation
▪ Water and Wastewater
▪ Solid Waste
The City’s 2021 Community GHG Inventory includes an assessment of the community-wide GHG emissions associated with these five sectors which serve as the basis for the GHG emissions forecast and target setting.

3.2 2021 Community GHG Emissions Inventory

3.2.1 Energy
Energy: Residential and Nonresidential Electricity
The community’s residential and nonresidential sectors source electricity solely from Southern California Edison (SCE). SCE provided the activity data through electricity usage reports for the residential sector and nonresidential sector (including commercial, industrial, and agricultural

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 9 sectors), though agricultural energy use for SCE did not pass the 15/15 Rule8 and is aggregated in the reported industrial energy use. The State’s Cap and Trade program regulates industrial GHG emissions. Because a jurisdiction has little control and influence over such emissions, industrial electricity reported by SCE was excluded from the 2021 Community GHG Inventory.

Emissions from residential and nonresidential electricity were calculated using Community Protocol Equation BE.2.1. To account for only electricity only consumed in the built environment, equation

3.1 subtracts electricity consumed by electric vehicles (EVs) from total purchased electricity by removing passenger car EV electricity use from residential electricity consumption and commercial and bus EV electricity consumption from nonresidential consumption. Electricity use from passenger, commercial, and bus EVs are instead accounted for under the transportation sector of the inventory to provide a more thorough differentiation between building and transportation sector emissions. More information regarding EV energy use can be found in Section 3.2.2. Equation

3.1 and Table 2 provide the equation, associated parameters, and data sources used to quantify GHG emissions associated with community electricity consumption.

EQUATION 3.1
BE.2.1 RESIDENTIAL/NONRESIDENTIAL ELECTRICITY SECTOR EMISSIONS 𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦,𝑗 = ∑(𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑖,𝑗 − 𝐸𝑉𝑖,𝑗) × 𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑖,𝑗
𝑖

3.1 Table 2 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Electricity Use BE.2.1 Definition Parameter Value Unit Data Source
Annual GHG emissions from
electricity consumption per
building type
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡 𝑦,𝑗 See Table 4 MT CO2e/year Calculated
Electricity consumption per
building type per energy
provider
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑖,𝑗 See Table 3

kWh/year SCE Electricity Report1
Attributed electric vehicle
electricity consumption
𝐸𝑉𝑖,𝑗 See Table 3 kWh/year EMFAC20212
Electricity emission factor
based on energy provider
𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑖,𝑗 See Table 4 MT CO2e/kWh SCE 2021 Power Content Label3
Energy Providers 𝑖 SCE Categorical
Building type 𝑗 Residential
Nonresidential4
Categorical
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; MWh = megawatt hour

1. Southern California Edison (SCE) Electricity Report provided by the City via SharePoint on June 30, 2023

2. California Air and Resources Board (CARB). 2023. Emission FACtor (EMFAC2021 v1.0.2) Model. Available at:
https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/emissions -inventory/5e0cb7d6006cc10661f4b3ffb9c120a486d46ea6

3. California Energy Commission (CEC). 2023. 2021 Power Content Label submitted by Southern California Edison. Available at:
https://www.energy.ca.gov/filebrowser/download/4676

4. Nonresidential includes kWh consumption from commercial sources and excludes energy consumption from industrial and agricultural sources.

8 The 15/15 Rule is a policy put in place by the California Public Utilities Commission which protects the privacy of energy us ers.

Aggregated energy information must have more than 15 customers, with no one customer representing 15 percent of the aggregate d energy consumption. SCE reports kWh usage for the agricultural sector to be between 8,000,000 – 9,000,000 kWh annually.

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10 Table 3 below shows the SCE provided electricity activity data, allocated EV electricity use data, and subsequent building activity data used to determine GHG emissions for the community’s electricity consumption in the built environment.

Table 3 Community Residential and Nonresidential Electricity Activity Data Adjustment Sector Provider
Provided Activity Data
[kWh]
Attributed EV1
[kWh]
Building Activity Data
[kWh]
Residential SCE 108,960,575 4,462,398 104,498,177
Nonresidential2 SCE 108,159,810 4,486 108,155,324
Notes: kWh = kilowatt hour; MT CO 2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent ; EV = electric vehicles

1. Attributed EV allocates electric vehicle kWh consumption to each provider based on the vehicle type, electricity sector, and proportion of electricity provided by each provider per sector. EV kWh usage from passenger vehicles is removed from residential electricity, while commercial and bus EV kWh usage is removed from nonresidential electricity.

2. Nonresidential includes kWh consumption from commercial sources and excludes energy consumption from industrial and agricultural sources.

Resulting activity data, emissions factors, and GHG emissions per building type and provider is summarized in Table 4.

Table 4 Community Residential and Nonresidential Electricity GHG Emissions Calculations
Sector Provider
Building Activity Data
[kWh]
Emission Factor
[MT CO2e/kWh]
GHG Emissions
[MT CO2e]
Residential SCE 104,498,177 0.000263 27,492
Nonresidential SCE 108,155,324 0.000263 28,454
Notes: kWh = kilowatt hour; MT CO 2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent Energy: Electricity Transmission and Distribution Losses Electricity Transmission and Distribution (T&D) losses arise from electricity lost during delivery to the buildings and associated end-uses in the City. Electricity T&D losses occur in the electricity transmission and distribution system and are therefore upstream of the delivery endpoints located within the City’s jurisdictional boundaries. This means this electricity is lost before it is counted.

However, T&D losses are estimated and included in the 2021 Community GHG Inventory as they are associated with energy usage in the City and thereby directly impacted by the community’s electricity consumption. Additionally, emissions from T&D losses are recommended for inclusions in community GHG inventories by the Community Protocol. Equation 3.2 and Table 5 provide the calculation method, associated parameters, and data sources used to quantify GHG emissions associated with community T&D losses from electricity consumption. T&D losses associated with EV electricity use are considered negligible and therefore are included in the quantification of residential and nonresidential electricity T&D.

EQUATION 3.2
BE.4 ELECTRICITY T&D LOSS SECTOR EMISSIONS
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑇&𝐷,𝑗 = ∑ 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑖,𝑗 × 𝐿𝑇&𝐷 × 𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑖,𝑗
𝑖

3.2

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 11 Table 5 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Electricity T&D Loss Definition Parameter Value Unit Data Source
Annual GHG emissions from
transmission and distribution
losses per building type
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑇&𝐷,𝑖 See Table 6 MT CO2e/year Calculated
Electricity consumption per
energy provider and building
type
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑖,𝑗 See Table 6 kWh/year SCE invoice request1
Electricity emission s factor per
energy provider and building
type
𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑖,𝑗 See Table 6 MT CO2e/kWh SCE 2021 Power Content Label2 Electricity loss factor 𝐿𝑇&𝐷 4.40% Percent EPA eGRID3
Energy Providers 𝑖 SCE Categorical
Building type 𝑗 Residential
Nonresidential4
Categorical
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; MWh = megawatt hour

1. Southern California Edison (SCE) Electricity Report provided by the City via SharePoint on June 30, 2023

2. California Energy Commission (CEC). 2023. 2021 Power Content Label submitted by Southern California Edison. Available at:
https://www.energy.ca.gov/filebrowser/download/4676

3. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2023. eGRID Data Explorer 2021 Western Energy Grid. Available at:
https://www.epa.gov/egrid/data -explorer

4. Nonresidential includes kWh consumption from commercial sources and excludes energy consumption from industrial and agricultural sources.

The activity data, emissions factors, and GHG emissions associated with electricity T&D losses is summarized in Table 4 per building type and provider.

Table 6 Community Electricity T&D Loss GHG Emissions Calculations Sector Provider
Activity Data
[kWh]
T&D Losses
[kWh]1
Emission Factor
[MT CO2e/kWh]2
GHG Emissions
[MT CO2e]
Residential SCE 108,960,575 4,794,265 0.000263 1,261
Nonresidential SCE 108,159,810 4,759,032 0.000263 1,252 Notes: kWh = kilowatt hour; MT CO 2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

1. T&D losses include the kWh consumption associated with EV charging.

Energy: Residential and Nonresidential Natural Gas
GHG emissions from natural gas result from the stationary combustion of natural gas in both the residential and nonresidential building sectors. The City’s natural gas is supplied by Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas) which provided activity data through natural gas usage reports.

GHG emission calculations are based on natural gas used in residential and nonresidential buildings (i.e., commercial, and industrial). Like industrial electricity use, industrial use of natural gas is excluded from the GHG inventories as these emissions are regulated by the Cap-and-Trade program.

Emissions from residential and nonresidential natural gas use were calculated using Community Protocol Equation BE.1.1. Though the majority of GHG emissions result from the combustion of natural gas, not all the natural gas purchased is combusted. Natural gas that leaks from pipes and processing plants has a larger GHG impact compared to combusted natural gas due to the higher global warming potential of methane. Some natural gas also leaks from fittings and appliances

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12 within a building, after the natural gas meter which is used to quantify total gas usage. Therefore, Community Protocol has been adjusted to remove this small percentage of “behind the meter” natural gas from the combustion calculation, and instead count it as leakage. More information regarding emissions associated with natural gas leaks can be found under “Energy: Natural Gas Methane Leaks” subsection below. Equation 3.3 and Table 7 provide the equation used, associated parameters, and data sources used to quantify GHG emissions associated with community natural gas consumption in residential and nonresidential buildings.

EQUATION 3.3
BE.1.1 RESIDENTIAL/NONRESIDENTIAL NATURAL GAS SECTOR EMISSIONS 𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑁𝑎𝑡𝐺𝑎𝑠,𝑖 = (𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑁𝐺,𝑖 − [1 − 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑠𝑒])
× [(𝐸𝐹𝑁𝐺,𝐶𝑂2 × 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝐶𝑂2) + (𝐸𝐹𝑁𝐺,𝐶𝐻4 × 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝐶𝐻4 )
+ (𝐸𝐹𝑁𝐺,𝑁2𝑂 × 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝑁2𝑂)] × 10−1 × 10−3

3.3 Table 7 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Natural Gas Use BE.1.1 Definition Parameter Value Unit Data Source
Annual GHG emissions from
stationary combustion of
natural gas per building type
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑁𝑎𝑡𝐺𝑎𝑠,𝑖 See Table 8 MT CO2e/year Calculated
Natural gas consumed per
building type
𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑁𝐺,𝑖 See Table 8 therms/year SCG Natural Gas Report 1 Percent natural gas lost during
consumer end-use
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑠𝑒 0.50% Percent Environmental Defense Fund2
Carbon dioxide emission factor
for natural gas combustion
𝐸𝐹𝑁𝐺,𝐶𝑂2 53.06 kg CO2/MMBtu
natural gas
EPA Emission Factors Hub 3
Methane emission factor for
natural gas combustion
𝐸𝐹𝑁𝐺,𝐶𝐻4 0.001 kg CH4/MMBtu
natural gas
EPA Emission Factors Hub
Nitrous oxide emission factor
for natural gas combustion
𝐸𝐹𝑁𝐺,𝑁2𝑂 0.0001 kg N2O/mmBTU
natural gas
EPA Emission Factors Hub
Global warming potential of
carbon dioxide
𝐺𝑊𝑃𝐶𝑂2 1 IPCC Fourth Assessment
Report4
Global warming potential of
methane
𝐺𝑊𝑃𝐶𝐻4 25 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
Global warming potential of
nitrous oxide
𝐺𝑊𝑃𝑁2𝑂 298 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
Conversion factor 10−1 0.1 MMBtu/therm
Conversion factor 10−3 0.001 MT/kg
Building type (i.e. residential
or nonresidential)
𝑖 Residential
Nonresidential
Categorical
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; therms = thermal unit; MMBtu = metric million British thermal unit; kg = kilograms

1. Southern California Gas (SCG) Natural Gas Report provided by the City via SharePoint on June 30, 2023

2. Environmental Defense Fund USER GUIDE FOR NATURAL GAS LEAKAGE RATE MODELING TOOL. Available at:
https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/US -Natural-Gas-Leakage-Model-User-Guide.pdf

3. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2022. GHG Emission Factors Hub (April, 2022). Available at:
https://www.epa.gov/climateleadership/ghg -emission -factors-hub

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 13 Definition Parameter Value Unit Data Source

4. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2007. AR4 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2007. Available at:
https://www.ipcc.ch/assessment -report/ar4/

5. Nonresidential includes natural gas use from commercial sources and excludes energy consumption from industrial and sources.

The total natural gas consumption, combusted natural gas activity data, emissions factors, and GHG emissions associated with community natural gas use is summarized in Table 8 per building type and provider.

Table 8 Community Residential and Nonresidential Natural Gas GHG Emissions Calculations
Sector
Provided Activity
Data
[therms]
End-use Leakage
[therms]
Combustion
Activity Data
[therms]
Emissions Factor
[MT CO2e/therm]
GHG Emissions
[MT CO2e]
Residential 5,992,889 29,964 5,962,925 0.005311 31,672
Nonresidential 2,818,116 14,091 2,804,025 0.005311 14,894 Notes: MT CO 2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent Energy: Natural Gas Methane Leaks
Natural gas methane leaks occur during delivery to the buildings and during associated end-uses in the community. Gas methane leaks from delivery occur in the pipeline distribution system and are therefore upstream of the delivery endpoints located in the City and not reflected in reported total natural gas purchased. While natural gas pipeline distribution leakage is technically outside of the City’s jurisdictional boundaries, the leakage is directly impacted by natural gas consumption in the community. As leakage is directly connected to the community’s natural gas consumption, it is best practice to include leakage as an emissions sector and is therefore included in the City’s 2021 Community GHG Inventory. Methane leaks from end-use discussed previously occur at the point of use in the City and therefore occur within the City’s jurisdictional boundaries. Though a recommended source of emissions, the Community Protocol does not provide a specific calculation methodology for determining GHG emissions from natural gas leakage. Therefore, emissions from natural gas leaks were calculated using Equation 3.4 which aligns with energy calculation principles set forth by the Community Protocol and the guidance provided under Community Protocol Section BE.5 Upstream Emissions from Energy Use. Table 9 shows the parameters and data sources associated with Equation 3.4 which were used to quantify GHG emissions from natural gas distribution and end-use leakage.

EQUATION 3.4

NATURAL GAS LEAKAGE SECTOR EMISSIONS
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑘,𝑖 = 𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑁𝐺,𝑖 × 𝐸𝐹𝑁𝐺 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑘 × (𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑠𝑒 + 𝐿𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡) 3.4

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14 Table 9 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Natural Gas Leaks Definition Parameter Value Unit Data Source
Annual GHG emissions from
natural gas distribution
leakage per building type
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑘,𝑖 See Table 10 MT CO2e/year Calculated
Natural gas consumed per
building type
𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑁𝐺,𝑖 See Table 10 therms/year SCG Natural Gas Report 1 Emission factor for natural gas
leakage
𝐸𝐹𝑁𝐺 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑘 0.047381 MT
CO2e/therm
Calculated2
Percent natural gas lost during
distribution
𝐿𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡 2.3% Percent Alvarez, Ramón et al. (2018) 3
Percent natural gas lost during
consumer end-use
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑠𝑒 0.5% Percent Environmental Defense Fund4
Building type (i.e. residential
or nonresidential)
𝑖 Residential
Nonresidential5
Categorical
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; therms = thermal unit

1. Southern California Gas (SCG) Natural Gas Report provided by the City via SharePoint on June 30, 2023

2. Emission factor is calculated using the following equation :

2.85 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚 ∗ 95% 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 ∗ 0.7 𝑘𝑔
𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 ∗ 25 𝐶𝑂2𝑒
𝐶 𝐻4
∗ 0.001𝑀𝑇
𝑘𝑔

3. Alvarez, Ramón et al. (2018). Assessment of methane emissions from the U.S. oil and gas supply chain. Science. 361. Access ed January 12, 2023 at: https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.aar7204

4. Environmental Defense Fund USER GUIDE FOR NATURAL GAS LEAKAGE RATE MODELING TOOL. Accessed January 12,2023 at:
https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/US -Natural-Gas-Leakage-Model-User-Guide.pdf

5. Nonresidential includes natural gas use from commercial sources and excludes energy consumption from industrial and sources.

The total natural gas use and resulting leakage activity data, emissions factors, and GHG emissions per building type is summarized in Table 10.

Table 10 Community Natural Gas Methane Leaks GHG Emissions Calculations Natural Gas Sector
Provided
Activity Data
[therms] Leakage Source
Methane
Leakage
[therms]
Emissions Factor
[MT
CO2e/therm]
GHG Emissions
[MT CO2e]
Residential 5,992,889
Distribution 137,836 0.047381
7,951
End-use 29,964 0.047381
Nonresidential 2,818,116
Distribution 64,817 0.047381
3,739
End-use 14,091 0.047381
Notes: MT CO 2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

3.2.2 Transportation
Transportation: On -road
On-road vehicles in the community produce GHG emissions from the mobile combustion of fossil fuels (i.e., internal combustion engines) and up-stream from the production of electricity (i.e., electric vehicles). GHG emissions from the on-road transportation sector were calculated in accordance with Community Protocol TR.1.A and TR.2.B. The methodology leverages on-road transportation emissions factor and EV penetration data from CARB’s 2021 EMission FACtor

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 15 (EMFAC2021) model.9 EMFAC2021 provides data on the county-wide data level and does not differentiate data according to cities. This assessment assumes county-wide data reported by EMFAC2021 is representative of city-level on-road transportation emissions factors and EV penetration.

The Community Protocol recommends use of regional travel demand models to differentiate passenger, commercial, and bus vehicle miles travelled activity data attributed to the community.

This assessment utilizes data provided by Iteris, Inc.10 The study provided by Iteris is based on data pulled from the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Regional Transportation Model,11 an origin-destination model which generates attributable daily average vehicle miles travelled (VMT) for participating counties and cities in Southern California. The model provides VMT data from trips occurring within City limits (internal-internal), traversing City limits (internal- external), and trips which are entirely outside City limits (external-external). Daily VMT provided by Iteris accounted for 100 percent of internal-internal trips and 50 percent of internal-external trips and was annualized12 to determine 2021 VMT activity data for the City. Equation 3.5 and Table 11 define the equations, parameters, and data sources used to convert resulting Replica VMT activity data to GHG emissions from on-road transportation fuel combustion.

EQUATION 3.5
TR.1.A & TR.2.B ON-ROAD TRANSPORTATION COMBUSTION EMISSIONS 𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑜𝑛𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑑,𝑖 = (𝑇𝑖 + 1
2 𝑇𝑂,𝑖 + 1
2 𝑇𝐷,𝑖) × 𝐸𝐹𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑜,𝑖 3.5

9 California Air and Resources Board. 2023. Emission FACtor (EMFAC2021 v1.0.1) Model. Available at:
https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/emissions -inventory/5e0cb7d6006cc10661f4b3ffb9c120a486d46ea6 10 https://www.iteris.com/
11 https://scag.ca.gov/activity -based-model
12 Daily VMT is scaled based on a 347 days per year conversion as specified by Iteris and the SCAG Regional Transportation Model. The conversion factor accounts for difference between weekend vs weekday transportation activities.

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16 Table 11 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community On-road Transportation TR.1.A and TR.2.B
Definition Parameter Value Unit Data Source
Total annual community on-
road GHG emissions per
vehicle class
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑂𝑛𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑑,𝑖 See Table 14 MT CO2e/year Calculated
VMT occurring within
jurisdictional boundaries per
vehicle class
𝑇𝑖 See Table 14 miles SCAG Regional Transportation
Model (Iteris)1
VMT originating within and
terminating outside of
jurisdictional boundaries per
vehicle class
𝑇𝑂,𝑖 See Table 14 miles SCAG Regional Transportation
Model (Iteris)
VMT originating outside of and
terminating within
jurisdictional boundaries per
vehicle class
𝑇𝐷,𝑖 See Table 14 miles SCAG Regional Transportation
Model (Iteris)
Emissions factor for on-road
vehicles per vehicle class
𝐸𝐹𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑜,𝑖 See Table 14 MT CO2e/mile EMFAC2021 v1.0.12
Vehicle class 𝑖 Passenger
Commercial
Bus
Categorical
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; VMT = vehicle miles travelled

1. Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Regional Transportation Model activity data provided by Iteris, Inc. via ema il on June 26, 2023. Further information regarding the regional transportation model is available at: https://scag.ca.gov/activity -based- model

2. California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2023. EMission FACtor (EMFAC2021 v1.0.1 ) Model. Available at:
https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/emissions -inventory/5e0cb7d6006cc10661f4b3ffb9c120a486d46ea6 In addition to mobile combustion emissions accounted under Community Protocol Equations TR.1.A and TR.2.B, GHG emissions from electric vehicles were included in the City’s 2021 Community GHG Inventory for more accurate accounting of on-road transportation trends. This was achieved through modifying Equation 3.5 to account for EV modeshare estimates based on total VMT.

EMFAC2021 emissions factors attribute GHG emissions to be zero for EV activity, therefore application of the emission factor to total VMT data do not result in double counting of emissions associated with EVs. The equation, parameters, and data sources used to estimate GHG emissions attributable to on-road EV activity is provided in Equation 3.6 and Table 12 below.

EQUATION 3.6

ON-ROAD TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIC VEHICLE EMISSIONS
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑜𝑛𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑑,𝐸𝑉,𝑖 = (𝑇𝑖 + 1
2 𝑇𝑂,𝑖 + 1
2 𝑇𝐷,𝑖) × 𝐸𝑉𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒,𝑖 × 𝐸𝑃𝑀𝑖 × 𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑗 3.6

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 17 Table 12 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community On-road Transportation EV
Definition Parameter Value Unit Data Source
Total annual community on-
road EV GHG emissions per
vehicle class
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑂𝑛𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑑,𝐸𝑉,𝑖 See Table 14 MT CO2e/year Calculated
VMT occurring within
jurisdictional boundaries per
vehicle class
𝑇𝑖 See Table 13 miles SCAG Regional Transportation
Model (Iteris)1
VMT originating within and
terminating outside of
jurisdictional boundaries per
vehicle class
𝑇𝑂,𝑖 See Table 13 miles SCAG Regional Transportation
Model (Iteris)
Vehicle miles travelled
originating outside of and
terminating within
jurisdictional boundaries per
vehicle class
𝑇𝐷,𝑖 See Table 13 miles SCAG Regional Transportation
Model (Iteris)
Percent share of VMT
attributable to EVs
𝐸𝑉𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒,𝑖 See Table 13 % EMFAC2021 v1.0.12
Average rate of electricity
consumption per EV-mile per
vehicle class
𝐸𝑃𝑀𝑖 See Table 13 kWh/mile EMFAC2021 v1.0.1
Weighted average e lectricity
emissions factor per building
type
𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑗 See Table 13 MT CO2e/kWh SCE 2021 Power Content Label3 Vehicle class 𝑖 Passenger
Commercial
Bus
Categorical
Building type 𝑗 Residential
Nonresidential
Categorical
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; EV = electric vehicles; VMT = vehicle miles travelled; kWh = kilowatt hour

1. SCAG Regional Transportation Model activity data provided by Iteris, Inc. via email on June 26, 2023. Further information regarding the regional transportation model is available at: https://scag.ca.gov/activity -based-model

2. California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2023. EMission FACtor (EMFAC2021 v1.0.1) Model. Available at:
https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/emissions -inventory/5e0cb7d6006cc10661f4b3ffb9c120a486d46ea6

3. California Energy Commission. 2023. 2021 Power Content Label submitted by Southern California Edison. Available at:
https://www.energy.ca.gov/filebrowser/download/4676
Table 13 shows the VMT activity data for community vehicles per vehicle class as well as the EV share of VMT and EVMT used to determine EV activity data expressed as electricity consumption.

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18 Table 13 Community On-road EV Activity Data Calculations Vehicle Class
VMT Activity
Data [miles] EV Share [%] EVMT [miles] EPM [kWh/mile]
EV Activity Data
[kWh]
Passenger 483,695,445 2.54% 12,285,864 0.36 4,462,398
Commercial 16,519,282 0.00% 0 0.00 0
Bus 416,380 0.51% 2,124 2.11 4,486
Notes: VMT = vehicle miles travelled; EV = electric vehicle; EPM = electricity per mile; EVMT = electric vehicle miles traveled; kWh = kilowatt hour
The activity data, emissions factors, and resulting GHG emissions from on-road transportation quantified in accordance with Equation 3.5 and Equation 3.6 is summarized in Table 14 below.

Table 14 Community On-road Transportation GHG Emissions Calculations Sector Activity Data1 Emission Factor
GHG Emissions
[MT CO2e]
Passenger VMT 483,695,445 VMT 0.000354 MT CO2e/mile 171,228 Commercial VMT 16,519,282 VMT 0.001198 MT CO2e/mile 19,790 Bus VMT 416,380 VMT 0.002123 MT CO2e/mile 884
Passenger EVMT 1 4,462,398 kWh 0.000263 MT CO2e/kWh 1,174 Commercial EVMT 2 0 kWh 0.000263 MT CO2e/kWh 0
Bus EVMT 2 4,486 kWh 0.000263 MT CO2e/kWh 1
Total 193,077
Notes: VMT = vehicle miles traveled; EVMT = electric vehicle miles traveled; kWh = kilowatt hour; MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

1. EV activity data does not include kWh associated with T&D losses as these emissions are considered negligible and are included under energy sector emissions .

2. Emissions factor for on-road passenger EV electricity use is weighted according to the portion of electricity supplied per provider in the residential electricity sector (see Table 4)

3. Emissions factor for on-road commercial and bus EV electricity use is weighted according to the portion of electricity supplied per provider in the residential electricity sector (see Table 4) Transportation: Off -road
Off-road equipment and vehicles in the community generate GHG emissions from the mobile combustion of fossil fuels. Off-road fuel usage results from equipment operation for sectors such as agricultural, construction, lawn and garden, or recreational equipment. Community Protocol Equation TR.8 was used to quantify GHG emissions from off-road equipment fuel consumption and is shown under Equation 3.7 below. Table 15 lists the parameters, values, and data sources used to quantify emissions in according with the Community Protocol.

EQUATION 3.7
TR.8 OFF-ROAD EQUIPMENT SECTOR EMISSIONS
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑑,𝑗 = 𝐸𝐹𝑗 × ∑𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑑,𝑖,𝑗
𝑖
× 𝐴𝐹𝑖 3.7

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 19 Table 15 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Off-Road Equipment TR.8 Definition Parameter Value Unit Data Source
Annual GHG emissions from
offroad equipment
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑎 𝑑,𝑗 See Table 17 MT CO2e/year Calculated
Annual fuel consumption in
the County per sector per fuel
type
𝐹𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑑,𝑖,𝑗 See Table 17 Gallons/year OFFROAD2021 1 Fuel attribution factor per
equipment type
𝐴𝐹𝑖 See Table 16 Percent SCAG Growth Forecast 2
Emission factor per fuel type 𝐸𝐹𝑗 See Table 17 MT CO2e/gallon EPA Emission Factor s Hub3 Equipment Type 𝑖 See Table 16 Categorical OFFROAD2021
Fuel type 𝑗 Gasoline
Diesel
Natural Gas
Categorical OFFROAD2021
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

1. California Air Resource Board (CARB). 2023. Mobile Source Emissions Inventory Off -road (OFFROAD2021). Available at:
https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/emissions -inventory/5e0cb7d6006cc10661f4b3ffb9c120a486d46ea6

2. Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). 2023. 2016‐2040 RTP/SCS Final Growth Forecast by Jurisdiction. Available at: https://scag.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file -attachments/2016_2040rtpscs_finalgrowthforecastbyjurisdiction.pdf?1605576071

3. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2022. GHG Emission Factors Hub. Available at:
https://www.epa.gov/climateleadership/ghg -emission -factors-hub Locally applicable activity data in alignment with ICLEI protocol standards reports off-road equipment fuel consumption on a county-wide basis. Attribution factors per equipment type used to allocate City off-road fuel usage were determined based on demographic data and land use data relating to population size, number of jobs, and agricultural acreage where applicable. The demographic attribution metrics and percent attribution used for each off-road equipment type is shown in Table 16.

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20 Table 16 Community Off-road Equipment Sector Attributions Equipment Type Attribution Metric Attribution Data Source Agricultural Excluded – Other1 0.00% Not Applicable
Airport Ground Support Excluded – Not Under Jurisdictional Control

0.00% Not Applicable
Cargo Handling Equipment Excluded – Not Under Jurisdictional Control

0.00% Not Applicable
Commercial Harbor Craft Excluded – Not Under Jurisdictional Control

0.00% Not Applicable
Construction and Mining Employment 0.73% SCAG Growth Forecast 2 Industrial Employment 0.73% SCAG Growth Forecast
Lawn and Garden Population 0.60% SCAG Growth Forecast
Light Commercial Employment 0.73% SCAG Growth Forecast
Locomotive Excluded – Not Under Jurisdictional
Control

0.00% Not Applicable
Ocean Going Vessel Excluded – Not Under Jurisdictional Control

0.00% Not Applicable
Oil Drilling Excluded – Not Under Jurisdictional
Control

0.00% Not Applicable
Outboard Marine Tanks Excluded – Not Under Jurisdictional Control

0.00% Not Applicable
Pleasure Craft Population 0.60% SCAG Growth Forecast
Portable Equipment Employment 0.73% SCAG Growth Forecast Transport Refrigeration Unit Employment 0.73% SCAG Growth Forecast Recreational Population 0.60% SCAG Growth Forecast
Military Tactical Support Excluded – Not Under Jurisdictional Control

0.00% Not Applicable
Forestry Excluded – Other3 0.00% Not Applicable
Notes:

1. Agricultural off-road equipment was excluded to remain consistent with the scope of the City’s 2021 Community Inventory which excludes agricultural electricity and natural gas sector GHG emissions due to aggregation rules.

3. Though forestry occurs withing the County of Los Angeles, there appears to be minimal opportunity for forestry within the City’s boundaries. Therefore, it is assumed that offroad fuel consumption for forestry activities is negligible and thereby exclude d.

The allocated and aggregated activity data by fuel type, emission factors, and emissions results for the inventory’s off -road equipment sector are provided in Table 17.

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 21 Table 17 Community Off-road GHG Emissions Calculations
Fuel Type
Activity Data
(gallons)
Emission Factor
(MT CO2e/gallon)1
GHG Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Diesel 605,302 0.010496 6,353
Gasoline 621,263 0.009199 5,715
Natural Gas 392,276 0.005882 2,307
TOTAL 14,376
Notes: MT CO 2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent ; Values may not add due to rounding

1. Emission factors per fuel type represent a weighted average based on the emissions factor and fuel consumption per offroad equipment type as determined according to EPA’s Emissions Factor Hub available at: https://www.epa.gov/climateleadership/ghg - emission -factors-hub

3.2.3 Solid Waste
GHG emissions associated with the waste sector result from the decomposition of waste at a landfill as well as landfill operation processes. City solid waste is collected by Athens Services which contracts with San Bernadino County landfills. GHG emissions from waste decomposition were calculated using Community Protocol Method SW.4. Equation 3.8 and Table 18 provide the calculation method, associated parameters, and data sources used to quantify GHG emissions in accordance with Community Protocol SW.4.

EQUATION 3.8
SW.4.1 SOLID WASTE FUGITIVE EMISSIONS
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑊𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒,𝑓𝑢𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 = 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝐶𝐻4 × (1 − 𝐶𝐸) × (1 − 𝑂𝑋) × 𝑀 × ∑ 𝑃𝑖 × 𝐸𝐹𝑖 𝑖

3.8

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22 Table 18 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Solid Waste SW.4.1 Definition Parameter Value Unit Data Source
Annual community generated
waste GHG emissions
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑊𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒,𝑓𝑢𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑣𝑒 17,770 MT CO2e/year Calculated
Methane global warming
potential
𝐺𝑊𝑃𝐶𝐻4 28 IPCC Fourth Assessment
Report1
Default LFG collection
efficiency
𝐶𝐸 0.75 Fraction ICLEI Community Protocol
Oxidation rate 𝑂𝑋 0.10 Fraction ICLEI Community Protocol Total mass of waste entering
landfill
𝑀 See Table 20 Wet short
tons

1. CalRecycle2

2. SCAG3
Proportion of total waste
material per material type
𝑃𝑖 1 Fraction
Emission factor per material
type4 𝐸𝐹𝑖

0.060 MT CH4/wet
short ton
ICLEI Community Protocol
Material type 𝑖 Multiple Categorical
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

1. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2007. AR4 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2007. Available at:
https://www.ipcc.ch/assessment -report/ar4/

2. California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle). 2019. Multi-year Countywide Origin Summary. Available at: https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/LGCentral/DisposalReporting/

3. Southern California Association of Governments. 2023. 2016‐2040 RTP/SCS Final Growth Forecast by Jurisdiction. Available at:
https://scag.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file -attachments/2016_2040rtpscs_finalgrowthforecastbyjurisdiction.pdf?1605576071

4. For mixed municipal waste streams where the proportion of material type is unknown, ICLEI specifies a default value of 0.060 MT CH4 per wet short ton may be used.

Landfill process emissions were quantified according to Equation SW.5 of the Community Protocol.

Equation 3.9 and Table 19 provide the calculation method, associated parameters, and data sources used to quantify GHG emissions from landfill operations.

EQUATION 3.9
SW.5 SOLID WASTE PROCESS EMISSIONS
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑊𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 𝑀 × 𝐸𝐹𝑝 3.9

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 23 Table 19 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Solid Waste SW.5 Definition Parameter Value Unit Data Source
Annual landfill process GHG
emissions
𝐶𝑂2 𝑒𝑊𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 561 MT CO2e/year Calculated
Total mass of solid waste that
enters the landfill in the
inventory year
𝑀 See Table 20 Wet short
tons/year

1. CalRecycle1

2. SCAG2
Emissions factor for landfill
process emissions
𝐸𝐹𝑝 0.011 MT CO2e/wet
short ton
ICLEI Community Protocol
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

1. California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle). 2019. Multi-year Countywide Origin Summary. Available at: https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/LGCentral/DisposalReporting/

2. Southern California Association of Governments. 2023. 2016‐2040 RTP/SCS Final Growth Forecast by Jurisdiction. Available at:
https://scag.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file -attachments/2016_2040rtpscs_finalgrowthforecastbyjurisdiction.pdf?1605576071 As CalRecycle tonnage data by jurisdiction is currently only available up through the year 2019, the tonnage activity data for Equations 3.8 and 3.9 was determined based on a per capita tonnage factor and the City’s 2021 population. The calculation method used to estimate 2021 solid waste tonnage for the City is provided in Table 20 below.

Table 20 Community Solid Waste Tonnage Allocation
Sector
2019 Activity
Data
[wet short ton]
Population
(2019)
Allocation
[wet short
ton/capita]
Population
(2021)
2021 Activity
Data
[wet short ton]
Solid Waste 49,654 61,057 0.81 62,700 50,990
Notes: MT CO 2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

1. Emissions factor provided by the EPA AP-42 –EPA Emission Factor Database, Chapter 2.4 Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (1998) WARM—Exhibit 6 of http://epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/warm/pdfs/Landfilling.pdf, February 2012.

The total GHG emissions from solid waste emissions sources is summarized in Table 21.

Table 21 Community Solid Waste Tonnage Allocation
Emissions Source GHG Emissions [MT CO 2e/year]
Landfill Fugitive Emissions 17,209
Landfill Process Emissions 561
Total 17,770
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

3.2.4 Water
Water consumption generates GHG emissions from the electricity used to deliver water to the community, as well as the energy used to treat and convey the water prior to delivery. Monterey Park’s water sources include City-pumped groundwater and purchased local groundwater from San Gabriel Valley Water Company (SGVWC). The City is the primary water service provider and sources all of its water from groundwater wells within the Main Basin. Emissions from electricity used for City-supplied water is anticipated to be accounted under the non-residential electricity sector and is therefore excluded from the inventory to avoid double counting. However, GHG emissions associated with City water production is quantified and presented below for information purposes.

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24 Table 22 shows the parameters and data sources associated with Equation 3.10 which were used to quantify GHG emissions from local and imported water sources.

EQUATION 3.10
WW.14 WATER SECTOR EMISSIONS
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟,𝑖 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑖 × ∑ 𝐸𝐼𝑖,𝑗 × 𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑖,𝑗
𝑗

3.10 Table 22 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Water WW.14 Definition Parameter Value Unit Data Source
Annual GHG emissions from
water consumption per water
district
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟,𝑖 See Table 26 MT CO2e/year Calculated
Volume of water supplied to
the community per water
district
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑖 See Table 23 AF 2021 Water Production Report
provided by the City via email
on August 23, 2023
Energy intensity of water
distribution per water district
𝐸𝐼𝑖,𝑗 See Table 24 kWh/AF 1. City of Monterey Park 2020 UWMP1

2. San Gabriel Valley Water
Company 2020 UWMP2
Electricity emission s factor per
water process stage per source
type
𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑖,𝑗 See Table 25 MT CO2e/kWh 1. SCE 2021 Power Content Label3

2. EPA eGRID4
Water district 𝑖 See Table 23 Categorical
Water process stage 𝑗 Extraction
Conveyance
Treatment
Distribution
Categorical
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; AF = acre-feet; kWh = kilowatt hour; UWMP = Urban Water Management Plan

1. City of Monterey Park. 2021. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan. Available at:
https://www.montereypark.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/12162/FINAL -City-of-Monterey -Park-2020 -UWMP?bidId=

2. San Gabriel Valley Water Company. 2021. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan. Available at: https://www.sgvwater.com/wp - content/uploads/2021/07/FINAL -San-Gabriel -Valley-Water-Company-2020 -UWMP.pdf

3. California Energy Commission. 2023. 2021 Power Content Label submitted by Southern California Edison. Available at:
https://www.energy.ca.gov/filebrowser/download/4676

4. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2023. eGRID Data Explorer 2021 Western Energy Grid. Available at:
https://www.epa.gov/egrid/data -explorer
Table 23 shows the total water supplied to the City by each water district or provider and classifies the activity data as local vs imported sources of water.

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 25 Table 23 Community Water Activity Data
Water Districts Activity Data [AF]
Local Water Supply
City of Monterey Park 7,305.95
Imported Water Supply
San Gabriel Valley Water Company 27.53
Notes: AF = acre -feet
The energy intensities and emissions factors per water district or provider are summarized in Table 24 and Table 25, respectively. As SGVWC’s operations occur outside of the City’s jurisdictional boundaries and is anticipated to be supplied by multiple electricity providers, the CAMX grid mix emissions factor provided by eGRID was used to estimate emissions.

Table 24 Community Water Energy Intensities Per Water District Energy Intensities [kWh/AF]
Water District Extraction Conveyance Treatment Distribution (Purveyor)
Distribution
(Consumer) All Stages
Local Water Supply
City of Monterey
Park1 — — — — — 1,071
Imported Water Supply
San Gabriel Valley
Water Company2 — — — — — 1,127
Notes: kWh = kilowatt hour; AF = acre -feet

1. Energy Intensity information for the City of Monterey Park was sourced from the City’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan available at: https://www.montereypark.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/12162/FINAL-City-of-Monterey -Park-2020 -UWMP?bidId=

2. Energy Intensity information for San Gabriel Valley Water Company was sourced from the company’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan available at: https://www.sgvwater.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/FINAL-San-Gabriel-Valley-Water-Company- 2020 -UWMP.pdf
Table 25 Community Water Emissions Factors Per Water District Emissions Factors [MT CO 2e/kWh]
Water District Extraction Conveyance Treatment
Distribution
(Purveyor)
Distribution
(Consumer) All Stages
Local Water Supply
City of Monterey
Park1 — — — — — 0.000263
Imported Water Supply
San Gabriel Valley
Water Company2 — — — — — 0.000242
Notes: kWh = kilowatt hour; AF = acre -feet

1. Emissions factors are sourced from the City’s electricity provider (SCE) power label information a vailable at:
https://www.energy.ca.gov/filebrowser/download/4676

2. As San Gabirel Valley Water Company’s operation are outside of City boundaries, the CAMX grid mix emissions factor provided by eGRID was used to estimate emissions. Information on CAMX emissions factor for 2021 is a vailable at:
https://www.epa.gov/egrid/data -explorer

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26 Table 26 shows the City’s water sector GHG emissions and total GHG emissions added to the City’s 2021 Community GHG Inventory.

Table 26 Community Water GHG Emissions and Inclusions
Emissions [MT CO 2e/year]
Water District

Extraction Conveyance Treatment
Distribution
(Purveyor)
Distribution
(Consumer)
All
Stages
Local Water Supply
City of Monterey
Park
Emissions — — — — — 2,059
Inclusion — — — — — No
Imported Water Supply
San Gabriel
Valley Water
Company
Emissions — — — — — 8
Inclusion — — — — — Yes
Total Water Supply
Inventory Total 8
Notes: kWh = kilowatt hour; AF = acre -feet

3.2.5 Wastewater
Management of wastewater produces emissions through every stage of the process from collection to final use or discharge. The City's wastewater is treated by the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County (LACSD) and is not processed or disposed of within the City's boundaries. The City's wastewater is sent to either LACSD's Whittier Narrows Water Reclamation Plant (WNWRP) or the Joint Water Pollution Control Plant (JWPCP). It is unknown how much of the City's water is processed by each wastewater treatment plant. LACSD estimates approximately 69 gallons per person per day of wastewater is generated within LACSD’s service area.13 WNWRP has a 15 MGD capacity and serves a population of 150,000 people. The plant provides primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment using anoxic and aerobic processes without digester systems. Treated wastewater produced at the plant meets sanitation requirements of the Regional Water Quality Control Board for recycled water and is ultimately reused as recycled water for industrial, commercial, agricultural, and recreational activities.14 JWPCP has a treatment capacity of 300 MGD and serves a population of 3.5 million people. Solids are treated in a primary and secondary treatment system before being sent to anaerobic digester tanks. Biogas produced by the anaerobic digesters is collected and used for energy production to power the facility and is also sold to Southern California Edison. Disinfected wastewater from JWPCP is ultimately discharged to the Pacific Ocean.15

13 City of Monterey Park. 2020. Urban Water Management Plan. Available at:
https://www.montereypark.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/12162/FINAL -City-of-Monterey -Park-2020 -UWMP?bidId= 14 Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts. 2023. Whittier Narrows Water Reclamation Plant. Available at:
https://www.lacsd.org/services/wastewater -sewage/facilities/whittier -narrows-water-reclamation -plant 15 Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts. 2023. Wastewater Treatment Process at JWPCP. Available at:
https://www.lacsd.org/services/wastewater-sewage/facilities/joint-water-pollution -control -plant/wastewater -treatment -process-at- jwpcp

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 27 GHG emissions from JWPCP operations are a result of stationary combustion, process emissions which occur without nitrification/denitrification, effluent discharge into the Pacific Ocean, and electricity use. WNWRP emissions are the result of process emissions with nitrification/denitrification and electricity use. Community protocol methods used to quantify GHG emissions from stationary combustion, process emissions, and effluent discharge rely on population served by the wastewater facility as activity data. As information is not available regarding how much of the City’s wastewater is processed by WNWRP or JWPCP, activity data was estimated by apportioning the City’s population served based on each facility’s wastewater treatment capacity.

The method and calculations used to determine wastewater activity data is provided in Table 27 below.

Table 27 Wastewater Population Served Allocation Per WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant
(WWTP)
Total Activity Data
[population served] Capacity [MGD] Allocation [%]
Allocated Activity
Data
[population served]
Whittier Narrows Water
Reclamation Plant (WNWRP)
97,093
15 4.76% 4,623
Joint Water Pollution Control
Plant (JWPCP) 300 95.24% 92,470
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

1. Serviced Population = the combined total number of employees and residents in the City The set of methods used to quantify stationary combustion emissions is outlined in Equation 3.11 and Table 28 as well as Equation 3.12 and Table 29 below.

EQUATION 3.11
WW.1. (ALT) WASTEWATER DIGESTER GAS STATIONARY COMBUSTION EMISSIONS (CH4) 𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑊𝑊,𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡,𝐶𝐻4,𝑖
= (𝑃𝑖 × 𝐷𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐺𝑎𝑠 × 𝑓𝐶𝐻4 × 𝐵𝑇𝑈𝐶𝐻4 × 10−6 × 𝐸𝐹𝐶𝐻4
× 365.25 × 10−3) × 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝐶𝐻4

3.11

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28 Table 28 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Wastewater WW.1.(alt) Definition Parameter Value Unit Data Source
Total annual GHG emitted by
devices designed to combust
digester gas
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑊𝑊,𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡,𝐶𝐻4 See Table 35 MT CO2e/year Calculated
Population served1 𝑃𝑖 See Table 27 People 1. SCAG Growth Forecast 2

2. City of Monterey 2020
UWMP3
Rate of digester gas volume
production
𝐷𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐺𝑎𝑠 1.00 std
ft3/person/day
ICLEI Community Protocol
Fraction of methane in
digester gas
𝑓𝐶𝐻4 0.65 Fraction ICLEI Community Protocol
Default higher heating value
of methane
𝐵𝑇𝑈𝐶𝐻4 1,028 BTU/ft 3 ICLEI Community Protocol
Conversion factor 10−6 0.000001 MMBtu/BTU
Methane emissions factor 𝐸𝐹𝐶𝐻4 0.0032 kg CH4/MMBtu ICLEI Community Protocol Conversion factor 365.25 365.25 Days/year ICLEI Community Protocol Conversion factor 10−3 0.001 MT/kg
Global warming potential of
methane
𝐺𝑊𝑃𝐶𝐻4 25 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
Wastewater treatment plant
(WWTP)
𝑖 WNWRP
JWPCP
Categorical
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; std ft3 = standard cubic feet; BTU = British thermal unit; MMBtu = one million British thermal units; kg = kilograms;

1. Population serviced (or service population) is the sum of population and employment

3. City of Monterey Park. 2021. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan. Available at:
https://www.montereypark.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/12162/FINAL -City-of-Monterey -Park-2020 -UWMP?bidId= EQUATION 3.12
WW.2.(ALT) WASTEWATER DIGESTER GAS STATIONARY COMBUSTION EMISSIONS (N2O) 𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑊𝑊,𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡,𝑁2𝑂,𝑖
= (𝑃𝑖 × 𝐷𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐺𝑎𝑠 × 𝑓𝐶𝐻4 × 𝐵𝑇𝑈𝐶𝐻4 × 10−6 × 𝐸𝐹𝑁2𝑂
× 365.25 × 10−3) × 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝑁2𝑂

3.12

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 29 Table 29 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Wastewater WW.2.(alt) Definition Parameter Value Unit Data Source
Total annual GHG emitted by
devices designed to combust
digester gas
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑊𝑊,𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡,𝑁2𝑂 See Table 35 MT CO2e/year Calculated
Population served1 𝑃𝑖 See Table 27 People 1. SCAG Growth Forecast 2

2. City of Monterey 2020
UWMP3
Rate of digester gas volume
production
𝐷𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐺𝑎𝑠 1.00 std
ft3/person/day
ICLEI Community Protocol
Fraction of methane in
digester gas
𝑓𝐶𝐻4 0.65 Fraction ICLEI Community Protocol
Default higher heating value
of methane
𝐵𝑇𝑈𝐶𝐻4 1,028 BTU/ft 3 ICLEI Community Protocol
Conversion factor 10−6 0.000001 MMBtu/BTU
Nitrous Oxide emissions factor 𝐸𝐹𝑁2𝑂 0.0006 kg N2O/MMBtu ICLEI Community Protocol Conversion factor 365.25 365.25 Days/year ICLEI Community Protocol Conversion factor 10−3 0.001 MT/kg
Global warming potential of
nitrous oxide
𝐺𝑊𝑃𝑁2𝑂 298 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
Wastewater treatment plant
(WWTP)
𝑖 WNWRP
JWPCP
Categorical
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; std ft3 = standard cubic feet; BTU = British thermal unit; MMBtu = one million British thermal units; kg = kilograms;

1. Population serviced (or service population) is the sum of population and employment

3. City of Monterey Park. 2021. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan. Available at:
https://www.montereypark.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/12162/FINAL -City-of-Monterey -Park-2020 -UWMP?bidId= Equation 3.13 shows the calculation method use to quantify process emissions with nitrification/denitrification in accordance with Community Protocol WW.7. Table 30 show the parameter definitions, default factors, and data sources used.

EQUATION 3.13
WW.7 CENTRALIZED WWTP W/ NITRIFICATION/DENITRIFICATION
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑊𝑊,𝑛𝑖𝑡/𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡,𝑖 = 𝑃𝑖 × 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑−𝑐𝑜𝑚 × 𝐸𝐹𝑛𝑖𝑡/𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡 × 10−6 × 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝑁2𝑂 3.13

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30 Table 30 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Wastewater WW.7 Definition Parameter Value Unit Data Source
Total annual GHG emitted by
WWTP processes
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑊𝑊,𝑛𝑖𝑡/𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡,𝑖 See Table 35 MT CO2e/year Calculated Population served1 𝑃𝑖 See Table 27 People 1. SCAG Growth Forecast 2

2. City of Monterey 2020
UWMP3
Factor for insignificant
industrial or commercial
discharge
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑−𝑐𝑜𝑚 1.00 ICLEI Community Protocol
Emissions factor for a WWTP
without nitrification or
denitrification
𝐸𝐹𝑤/𝑜 𝑛𝑖𝑡/𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡 7.00 g
N2O/person/year
ICLEI Community Protocol
Conversion factor 10−6 0.000001 MMBtu/BTU
Global warming potential of
nitrous oxide
𝐺𝑊𝑃𝑁2𝑂 298 IPCC Fourth Assessment
Report
Wastewater treatment plant
(WWTP)
𝑖 WNWRP
JWPCP
Categorical
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; std ft3 = standard cubic feet; BTU = British thermal unit; MMBtu = one million British thermal units; kg = kilograms;

1. Population serviced (or service population) is the sum of population and employment

3. City of Monterey Park. 2021. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan. Available at:
https://www.montereypark.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/12162/FINAL -City-of-Monterey -Park-2020 -UWMP?bidId= Equation 3.14 shows the calculation method use to quantify process emissions without nitrification/denitrification in accordance with Community Protocol WW.8. Table 31 show the parameter definitions, default factors, and data sources used.

EQUATION 3.14
WW.8 CENTRALIZED WWTP W/O NITRIFICATION/DENITRIFICATION 𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑊𝑊,𝑤/𝑜 𝑛𝑖𝑡/𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡,𝑖 = 𝑃𝑖 × 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑−𝑐𝑜𝑚 × 𝐸𝐹𝑤/𝑜 𝑛𝑖𝑡/𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡 × 10−6 × 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝑁2𝑂 3.14

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 31 Table 31 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Wastewater WW.8 Definition Parameter Value Unit Data Source
Total annual GHG emitted
by WWTP processes
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑊𝑊,𝑤/𝑜 𝑛𝑖𝑡/𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡,𝑖 See Table
35 MT CO2e/year Calculated
Population served1 𝑃𝑖 See Table
27 People 1. SCAG Growth Forecast 2

2. City of Monterey 2020
UWMP3
Factor for insignificant
industrial or commercial
discharge
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑−𝑐𝑜𝑚 1.00 ICLEI Community Protocol
Emissions factor for a
WWTP without nitrification
or denitrification
𝐸𝐹𝑤/𝑜 𝑛𝑖𝑡/𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡 3.20 g N2O/person/year ICLEI Community Protocol Conversion factor 10−6 0.000001 MMBtu/BTU
Global warming potential
of nitrous oxide
𝐺𝑊𝑃𝑁2𝑂 298 IPCC Fourth Assessment
Report
Wastewater treatment
plant (WWTP)
𝑖 WNWRP
JWPCP
Categorical
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; std ft3 = standard cubic feet; BTU = British thermal unit; MMBtu = one million British thermal units; kg = kilograms;

1. Population serviced (or service population) is the sum of population and employment

3. City of Monterey Park. 2021. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan. Available at:
https://www.montereypark.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/12162/FINAL -City-of-Monterey -Park-2020 -UWMP?bidId= Community Protocol Equation WW.12.(alt) was used to quantify GHG emissions associated with treated wastewater effluent discharge into natural water bodies. Equation 3.15 shows the calculation method use to quantify process emissions without nitrification/denitrification in accordance with the Community Protocol while Table 32 shows the parameter definitions, default factors, and data sources used.

EQUATION 3.15
WW.12.(ALT) NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM EFFLUENT DISCHARGE 𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑊𝑊,𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡,𝑖
= 𝑃𝑖 × 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑−𝑐𝑜𝑚
× (𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑁 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 − 𝑁 𝑈𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑖 × 𝐵𝑂𝐷5 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑) × 𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡,𝑖 × 44
28 × (1 − 𝐹𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡,𝑖) × 365.25 × 10−3 × 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝑁2𝑂

3.15

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32 Table 32 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Wastewater WW.12.(alt) Definition Parameter Value Unit Data Source
Total annual GHG emitted
by WWTP processes
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑊𝑊,𝑤/𝑜 𝑛𝑖𝑡/𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑡,𝑖 See Table 35 MT CO2e/year Calculated Population served1 𝑃𝑖 See Table 27 People 1. SCAG Growth Forecast 2

2. City of Monterey 2020
UWMP3
Factor for industrial or
commercial discharge
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑−𝑐𝑜𝑚 1.00 ICLEI Community Protocol
Average total nitrogen per
day
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑁 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 0.026 kg N/person/day ICLEI Community Protocol Nitrogen uptake for cell
growth per system type
(aerobic vs anaerobic)
𝑁 𝑈𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑖 0.005 kg N/kg BOD 5 ICLEI Community Protocol
Rate of BOD5 produced

𝐵𝑂𝐷5 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 0.09 kg
BOD5/person/day
ICLEI Community Protocol
Emissions factor of
discharge to water body
type (ocean)
𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡,𝑖 0.003 kg N2O-N/kg
sewage -N
discharged
ICLEI Community Protocol
Molecular weight ratio of
N2O to N2
44 28

1.57 Fraction
Fraction of nitrogen
removed from the WWTP
per system type (w/ or w/o
nit/denit)
𝐹𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡,𝑖 0.00 Fraction ICLEI Community Protocol
Conversion factor 365.25 365.25 Days/year
Conversion factor 10−3 0.001 MT/kg
Global warming potential
of nitrous oxide
𝐺𝑊𝑃𝑁2𝑂 298 IPCC Fourth Assessment
Report
Wastewater treatment
plant (WWTP)
𝑖 WNWRP
JWPCP
Categorical
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; std ft3 = standard cubic feet; kg = kilograms; BOD5 = five-day biochemical oxygen demand

1. Population serviced (or service population) is the sum of population and employment

3. City of Monterey Park. 2021. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan. Available at:
https://www.montereypark.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/12162/FINAL -City-of-Monterey -Park-2020 -UWMP?bidId= Wastewater electricity use occurs from the collection and treatment of wastewater. Electricity use from City wastewater treatment at WNWRP and JWPCP were quantified in alignment with Community Protocol Equation WW.15. However, the City’s utility expenses includes wastewater infrastructure used for wastewater collection within the City’s boundaries and is therefore anticipated to be included under nonresidential energy sector activity data. To avoid double counting, electricity consumption associated with wastewater collection is excluded from the inventory. The inventory does include emissions associated with electricity use for wastewater treatment occuring outside the City’s boundary. Community Protocol Equation WW.15 has been updated to account for T&D losses to remain consistent with electricity consumption in other sectors of the City’s 2021 Community GHG Inventory. Equation 3.16 and Table 33 outline the

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 33 method, parameters, and data sources used to determine GHG emissions attributable to wastewater facility electricity use.

EQUATION 3.16
WW.15 ENERGY-RELATED EMISSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND TREATMENT 𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑊𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑖 = (∑ 𝐸𝐼𝑊𝑊,𝑖,𝑗
𝑗
) × 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑖 × (1 + 𝐿𝑇&𝐷) × 𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑖

3.16 Table 33 Emissions Parameters and Data Sources – Community Wastewater WW.15 Definition Parameter Value Unit Data Source
Total annual GHG emitted
by WWTP electricity use
𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑊𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑖 See Table 35 MT CO2e/year Calculated
Energy intensity per WWTP
and wastewater
management stage
𝐸𝐼𝑊𝑊,𝑖,𝑗 See Table 34 kWh/MG ICLEI Community Protocol
Volume of community
wastewater production
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑖 See Table 34 MG 1. SCAG Growth Forecast 1

2. City of Monterey 2020
UWMP2
Electricity loss factor 𝐿𝑇&𝐷 4.40% Percent EPA eGRID3
Electricity emission factor
per WWTP
𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐,𝑖 0.000242 MT CO2e/kWh EPA eGRID
Wastewater treatment
plant or (WWTP)
𝑖 WNWRP
JWPCP
Categorical
Wastewater management
stage
𝑗 Collection
Treatment
Categorical
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; MG = million gallons; kWh = kilowatt hour

1. Southern California Association of Governments. 2023. 2016‐2040 RTP/SCS Final Growth Forecast by Jurisdiction. Available at:
https://scag.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file -attachments/2016_2040rtpscs_finalgrowthforecastbyjurisdiction.pdf?1605576071

2. City of Monterey Park. 2021. 2020 Urban Water Management Plan. Available at:
https://www.montereypark.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/12162/FINAL -City-of-Monterey -Park-2020 -UWMP?bidId=

3. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2023. eGRID Data Explorer 2021 Western Energy Grid. Available at:
https://www.epa.gov/egrid/data -explorer
As information regarding the volume of the City’s wastewater production is not tracked by the City, activity data for the volume of wastewater and resulting kWh consumption attributable to the City is estimated using a per person wastewater production factor according to method shown in Table

34.

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34 Table 34 Wastewater Electricity Use Activity Data Allocation Per WWTP Wastewater
Treatment Plant
(WWTP)
Population
Served1
[people]
Volume Rate2
[gal/person/
day]
Allocation3
[%]
City
Production4
[MG]
EI
[kWh/MG]
Electricity
Use [kWh]
WNWRP
97,093 69

4.76% 117 3,000 349,567
JWPCP 95.24% 2,330 1,400 3,262,627
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

1. Serviced Population = the combined total number of employees and residents in the City as provided by SCAG Growth Forecast data

2. Volume of wastewater production per person per day based on the average rate of LACSD production as reported in the City o f Monterey Park’s 2020 UWMP

3. See Table 27

4. MGD converted to MG using a day per year conversion factor of 365.25 Table 35 summarizes the City’s wastewater sector activity data, emissions factors, and GHG emissions per WWTP.

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 35 Table 35 Community Wastewater GHG Emissions Calculations Emissions Source
Protocol
Equation Activity Data Emissions Factor1
GHG
Emissions
[MT
CO2e/year]
WNWRP
Stationary
Combustion — — — —
Process N2O WW.7 4,623 people 0.002086 MT
CO2e/person 9.64
Effluent Discharge — — — —
Electricity Use WW.15 349,567 kWh 0.0002421 MT
CO2e/kWh 84.62
Electricity Use T&D WW.15 15,381 kWh 0.0002421 MT
CO2e/kWh 3.72
JWPCP
Stationary
Combustion
WW.1.(alt)
WW.2.(alt) 92,470 people 0.000065 MT
CO2e/person 6.04
Process N2O WW.8 92,470 people 0.000954 MT
CO2e/person 88.18
Effluent Discharge WW.12.(alt) 92,470 people 0.010915 MT CO2e/person 1,009.34
Electricity Use WW.15 3,262,627 kWh 0.0002421 MT
CO2e/kWh 789.82
Electricity Use T&D WW.15 143,556 kWh 0.0002421 MT
CO2e/kWh 34.75
All WWTP
Stationary
Combustion
97,093 people 0.000062 MT
CO2e/person 6.04
Process N2O1 97,093 people 0.001008 MT
CO2e/person 97.82
Effluent Discharge 97,093 people 0.010396 MT
CO2e/person 1,009.34
Electricity Use 3,612,194 kWh 0.0002421 MT
CO2e/kWh 874.44
Electricity Use T&D 158,937 kWh 0.0002421 MT
CO2e/kWh 38.48
Total 2,026.13
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

1. Emissions Factors for “All WWTP” are weighted based on each WWTP’s the activity data and emissions factors per emissions source category.

3.3 2021 Community GHG Emissions Inventory Results
The inventory provides the City with current GHG emissions estimates that follow the Community Protocol and current best practices for GHG accounting. The results of the GHG inventory are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 2 summarized in detail in Table 36.

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36 Figure 1 Updated Inventory GHG Emissions by Sector

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 37 Figure 2 Updated Inventory GHG Emissions by Sub-Sector

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38 Table 36 2021 Community GHG Emissions Inventory
GHG
Emissions
Sector
GHG Emissions
Subsector Activity Data Emission Factor
GHG Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Energy Residential
Electricity
104,498,177 kWh 0.000263 MT CO2e/kWh 27,492
Residential
Electricity T&D
4,794,265 kWh 0.000263 MT CO2e/kWh 1,261
Nonresidential
Electricity
108,155,324 kWh 0.000263 MT CO2e/kWh 28,454
Nonresidential
Electricity T&D
4,759,032 kWh 0.000263 MT CO2e/kWh 1,252
Residential
Natural Gas
5,962,925 therms 0.005311 MT
CO2e/therm
31,672
Residential
Natural Gas Leaks
167,801 therms 0.047381 MT
CO2e/therm
7,951
Nonresidential
Natural Gas
2,804,025 therms 0.005311 MT
CO2e/therm
14,894
Nonresidential
Natural Gas Leaks
78,907 therms 0.047381 MT
CO2e/therm
3,739
Transportation Passenger VMT 483,695,445 VMT 0.000354 MT CO2e/mile 171,228 Commercial VMT 16,519,282 VMT 0.001198 MT CO2e/mile 19,790 Bus VMT 416,380 VMT 0.002123 MT CO2e/mile 884
Passenger EVMT 4,462,398 kWh 0.000263 MT CO2e/kWh 1,174 Commercial EVMT 0 kWh 0.000263 MT CO2e/kWh 0
Bus EVMT 4,486 kWh 0.000263 MT CO2e/kWh 1
Off-road Diesel 605,302 Gallons 0.010496 MT CO2e/gal 6,353 Off-road Gasoline 621,263 Gallons 0.009199 MT CO2e/gal 5,715 Off-road Natural
Gas
392,276 Gallons 0.005882 MT CO2e/gal 2,307
Solid Waste Landfill Methane 50,990 Wet short
tons

0.337500 MT CO2e/ton 17,209
Process Emissions 50,990 Wet short
tons

0.011000 MT CO2e/ton 561
Water Local - kWh - MT CO2e/kWh -
Imported 31,026 kWh 0.000242 MT CO2e/kWh 8
Wastewater Stationary
Combustion
97,093 people 0.000062 MT
CO2e/person
6 Process N2O
Emissions
97,093 people 0.001008 MT
CO2e/person
98 Effluent Discharge
Fugitive N2O
97,093 people 0.010396 MT
CO2e/person
1,009

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 39 GHG
Emissions
Sector
GHG Emissions
Subsector Activity Data Emission Factor
GHG Emissions
(MT CO2e)
Electricity Use 3,612,194 kWh 0.000242 MT
CO2e/kWh
874
Electricity Use
T&D
158,937 kWh 0.000242 MT
CO2e/kWh
38 Total 343,970
Notes: VMT = vehicle miles traveled; EVMT = electric vehicle miles traveled; kWh = kilowatt hour; MT CO 2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent ; gal = gallons

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40 4 GHG Emissions Inventory - Municipal

4.1 Methodology
The City’s municipal GHG inventory (2021 Municipal Inventory) was competed using the Local Government Operations Protocol16 (LGOP) developed by ICLEI, CARB, California Climate Action Registry, and The Climate Registry (TCR). The LGOP methodology includes the calculation of GHG emissions which can be attributed directly to the City’s operations in the given inventory year. The municipal inventory allows the City to track its GHG emissions resulting from the municipally owned facilities, vehicles, and equipment over which it can exert control with GHG reduction policies and ultimately lead by example.

The results of GHG emission calculations are presented by emissions scope, relating to the degree of control the City has over emissions sources, and the specific sources that the emissions are associated with. Emissions sources are categorized as direct (i.e., Scope 1) or indirect (i.e., Scope 2 or Scope 3), in accordance with the World Resources Institute and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development’s Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Standard, w hich are summarized below:
▪ Scope 1: Direct GHG emissions from sources within a local government’s operations that it owns and/or controls. This includes stationary combustion to produce electricity, steam, heat, and power equipment; mobile combustion of fuels; process emissions from physical or chemical processing; fugitive emissions that result from production, processing, transmission, storage, and use of fuels; and other sources.
▪ Scope 2: Indirect GHG emissions associated with the consumption of electricity, steam, heating, or cooling that are purchased from a utility provider that also provides energy to other jurisdictions and/or is located outside City boundaries. ▪ Scope 3: All other indirect GHG emissions not covered in Scope 2, such as emissions resulting from the extraction and production of purchased materials and fuels, transport-related activities in vehicles not owned or controlled by the City (e.g., employee commuting and business travel) outsourced activities, waste disposal, etc.

Scope
Similar to the community inventory, the GHG emissions sources and sectors for the municipal operations inventory are categorized into various sectors and subsectors to match the GHG emissions reporting of the community GHG emissions inventory, with the granularity required by the LGOP. The primary sectors of GHG emissions sources include:
▪ Electricity
▪ Natural Gas
▪ Transportation
▪ Water and Wastewater
▪ Solid Waste

16 ICLEI. May 2010. Local Government Operations Protocol for the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions inventories.

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 41 Further granularity can be achieved by also reporting GHG emissions sources by the following subsectors when possible:17
▪ Buildings and other facilities
▪ Streetlights and traffic signals
▪ Water delivery facilities
▪ Vehicle fleet
▪ Transit fleet
▪ Wastewater facilities
▪ Employee commute
▪ Employee business travel
▪ Water consumption
▪ Solid waste generation
The City’s 2021 Municipal Inventory includes an assessment of the City’s operational GHG emissions according to the above subsectors and categorized to reflect the City’s municipal Scope 1-3 emissions.

Emissions Boundary
The 2021 Municipal GHG Emissions Inventory includes all emissions occurring within the City’s direct jurisdictional authority (i.e., sources of emissions resulting from facilities that the City owns and/or operates).

4.2 2021 Municipal GHG Emissions Inventory

4.2.1 Buildings and Other Facilities
Buildings and facilities generate Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions that relate to the stationary combustion of natural gas (i.e., Scope 1) and the use of electricity (i.e., Scope 2) in the City’s facilities.

Natural gas which is used for heating and cooling of buildings and facilities is provided to the City by SoCalGas. However, similar to the community natural gas used, not all the natural gas used is combusted, some fraction is leaked during distribution and at end-uses.18,19,20 The activity data provided by SoCalGas is adjusted to remove end-use leakage and an emission factor from the EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories report is applied to calculate GHG emissions from

17 The LGO Protocol recommends additional subsector reporting; however, the following have been excluded due to inapplicability to the City of Camarillo’s operations: port facilities, airport facilities, and solid waste facilities. 18 See Section 3.2.1 , Energy: Natural Gas Methane Leaks for more information 19 Alvarez, Ramón et al. (2018). Assessment of methane emissions from the U.S. oil and gas supply chain. Science. 361. https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.aar7204 20 Environmental Defense Fund USER GUIDE FOR NATURAL GAS LEAKAGE RATE MODELING TOOL. Available at:
https://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/US -Natural-Gas-Leakage-Model-User-Guide.pdf

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42 natural gas combustion.21 Emissions from distribution and end-use methane leaks are calculated separately using the attributed activity data and a calculated natural gas methane leak emission factor. The GHG emission calculation details associated with the buildings and other facilities sector’s natural gas usage and leakage are provided in Table 37.

Table 37 Municipal Buildings and Facilities Sector Natural Gas GHG Emissions Calculations
GHG Emissions Source
Total Activity
Data
[therms]
Source
Activity Data1
[therms]
Emissions Factor
[MT CO2e/therm]
Emissions
[MT CO2e] Scope
Natural Gas
Combustion
123,243
122,627 0.005311 651 Scope 1
Natural Gas Methane
Leaks2 3,451 0.047381 164 Scope 1
Total 815 Scope 1
Notes: MT CO 2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

1. See Equations 3.3 and 3.4 as well as Table 7 and Table 9 for more information on how natural gas activity da ta is attributed between combustion and leakage emissions sources

2. Emission factor is calculated using the following equation:

2.85 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚 ∗ 95% 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 ∗ 0.7 𝑘𝑔
𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 ∗ 28 𝐶𝑂2𝑒
𝐶𝐻4
∗ 0.001 𝑀𝑇
𝑘𝑔

Electricity used to light and power municipal buildings and facilities is provided to the City by SCE and is considered Scope 2 emissions. An annual electricity consumption utility data summary report was provided by the City for all municipal buildings and operations. Buildings and facilities activity data was identified from the annual summary and applied to SCE’s 2021 power label emissions factor as reported to CEC to quantify GHG emissions.22 Additionally, T&D electricity losses are included in the City’s 2021 Municipal GHG Inventory to align with sector inclusions of the City’s 2021 GHG Community Inventory. The GHG emission calculation details associated with buildings and other facilities sector’s electricity usage are provided in Table 38.

21 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2022. GHG Emission Factors Hub. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/climateleadership/ghg- emission -factors-hub
22 California Energy Commission (CEC). 2023. 2021 Power Content Label submitted by Southern California Edison. Available at:
https://www.energy.ca.gov/filebrowser/download/4676

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 43 Table 38 Municipal Buildings and Facilities Sector Electricity GHG Emission Calculations GHG Emissions Source
Utility
Provider
Activity Data 1
[kWh]
Emissions Factor2
[MT CO2e/kWh]
Emissions
[MT CO2e] Scope
Electricity Consumption SCE 2,152,933 0.000263 566 Scope 2 Electricity Consumption
T&D3 SCE 94,729 0.000263 25 Scope 2
Total 591 Scope 2
Notes: kWh = kilowatt hour; MT CO 2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

1. See Equation 3.1 and Table 2 for calculation methodology and data sources

2. See Equation 3.2 and Table 5 for calculation methodology and data sources

3. Electricity consumption T&D includes the T&D associated with electric vehicle charging at City buildings and facilities.

4.2.2 Streetlights and Traffic Signals
The City’s streetlights and traffic signals generate Scope 2 emissions related to the use of electricity and resulting T&D losses. Activity data was reported in the City’s annual electricity consumption utility data report and emissions factors for SCE and T&D losses were determined according to Table

5. The GHG emission calculation details associated with buildings and other facilities sector’s electricity usage are provided in Table 39.

Table 39 Municipal Streetlights and Traffic Signals Sector Electricity GHG Emission Calculations
GHG Emissions Source
Utility
Provider
Activity Data 1
[kWh]
Emissions Factor2
[MT CO2e/kWh]
Emissions
[MT CO2e] Scope
Streetlights & Traffic Signals SCE 2,229,759 0.000263 587 Scope 2 Streetlights & Traffic Signals
T&D SCE 98,109 0.000263 26 Scope 2
Total 612 Scope 2
Notes: kWh = kilowatt hour; MT CO 2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

1. See Equation 3.1 and Table 2 for calculation methodology and data sources

2. See Equation 3.2 and Table 5 for calculation methodology and data sources

4.2.3 Water Delivery Facilities
Water consumption typically generates Scope 3 GHG emissions from the electricity used to deliver water to the City facilities, as well as the energy used to treat and convey the water prior to delivery. A portion of the City’s water which is purchased from SGVWC is considered Scope 3 as the City does not control the electricity used to extract, convey, treat, and transport SGVWC’s water prior to delivery. However, the portion of water provided by SGVWC is considered negligible and therefore excluded from th e 2021 Municipal GHG Inventory.

City produced water is considered a Scope 2 emissions source as the facility and distribution infrastructure are owned and operated by the City. The City’s annual electricity consumption utility data report provided aggregated activity data for water supply and irrigation systems which is assumed to include municipal building water consumption.

T&D losses associated with the City’s water supply and irrigation systems was quantified to maintain consistency with the community inventory and the buildings and facilities emissions sectors. The GHG emission calculations details are provided in Table 40.

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44 Table 40 Municipal Water Consumption GHG Emissions Calculations GHG Emissions Source
Activity Data1
[kWh]
Emissions Factor2
[MT CO2e/kWh]
Emissions
[MT CO2e] Scope
Water Supply Infrastructure 6,250,401 0.000263 1,644 Scope 2 Water Supply Infrastructure T&D 275,018 0.000263 72 Scope 2 Total 1,717 Scope 2
Notes: kWh = kilowatt hour; MT CO 2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent ; Values may not add due to rounding

1. For T&D loss activity data, see Equation 3.2 and Table 5 for calculation methodology and data sources

2. See Equation 3.10 and Table 22 for calculation methodology and data sources

4.2.4 Vehicle Fleet
Vehicle fleet emissions include Scope 1 sources that relate to the combustion of fossil fuels in the City’s on-road and off-road fleet vehicles as well as Scope 2 emissions from the charging of EVs. On- road fleet vehicles include light and medium-duty vehicles and trucks as well as the use of personal vehicles for work. The employee commute sector accounts for emissions generated by City employees’ trips to and from work and is treated as separate from the use of personal vehicles for work and is discussed in the section below. The City tracks data regarding vehicle make, model and model year, vehicle identification numbers (VIN), vehicle type, and odometer readings from the beginning and end of each fiscal year. Data regarding public transit and Dial-A-Ride vehicles were identified in the City’s municipal vehicle mileage report and excluded from vehicle fleet emissions as they are included under the transit fleet sector. Due to the small amount of EVs currently owned by the City23, electricity emissions from City-owned EVs were considered negligible and therefore not calculated as part of the 2021 Municipal GHG Inventory. However, electricity emissions from these vehicles are assumed to already be captured in building electricity usage.

Annual mileage, or hours of use in the case of off-road equipment, were determined by comparing 2020 and 2021 vehicle fleet based on VIN information and subtracting odometer readings. Type of fuel used (i.e., gasoline, diesel, or natural gas) was identified based on type of vehicle identification.

Total GHG emissions were quantified for on-road vehicles using emissions factors obtained from the EPA Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories report. 24 EPA per gallon emissions factors were applied to fuel efficiency standards identified using the U.S. Department of Energy’s Fuel Economy database25 to determine the GHG emissions per mile. Miles travelled was aggregated based on vehicle fuel type and GHG emissions were quantified using a weighted average per mile emissions factor.

Off-road equipment emissions were calculated by applying annual hours of operation activity data to horsepower designations, load factors, and per horsepower-hour emissions factors provided by

23 The City currently owns and operates 2 electric cars and 2 electric scooters. 24 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2022. GHG Emission Factors Hub (April, 2022). Available at:
https://www.epa.gov/climateleadership/ghg -emission -factors-hub 25 U.S. Department of Energy. 2023. www.fueleconomy.gov, the official U.S. government source for fuel economy information. Available at: https://fueleconomy.gov/

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 45 the California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod).26 The GHG emission calculation results associated with vehicle fleet sector sources are provided in Table 41.

Table 41 Municipal Vehicle Fleet Sector GHG Emission Calculations GHG Emission Source Activity Data Emissions Factor
Emissions
[MT CO2e] Scope
On-road vehicles
Diesel 196,821 miles 0.00101 MT CO2e/mile 199 Scope 1
Gasoline 588,404 miles 0.00044 MT CO2e/mile 258 Scope 1 Natural Gas 0 miles — MT CO2e/mile — Scope 1
Off-road Equipment1
Diesel 1,029 hours 0.03 MT CO2e/hour 26 Scope 1
Gasoline 839 hours 0.01 MT CO2e/hour 6 Scope 1
Natural Gas 11 hours 0.02 MT CO2e/hour 0.2 Scope 1
Total 505 Scope 1
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; gal = gallons; kWh = kilowatt hour; Values may not add due to rounding

1. Emission factor for off-road equipment is calculated using the following equation :
ℎ𝑝 × 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 × ( 𝑔 𝐶𝑂2
ℎ𝑝 − ℎ𝑟 + [ 𝑔 𝐶𝐻4
ℎ𝑝 − ℎ𝑟 × 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝐶𝐻4] + [ 𝑔 𝑁2𝑂
ℎ𝑝 − ℎ𝑟 × 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝑁2𝑂])

4.2.5 Transit Fleet
Transit fleet emissions include Scope 1 sources that relate to the mobile combustion of fossil fuels in the City’s public transit fleet (e.g., buses and Dial-A-Ride). Activity data was obtained from the City’s annual municipal vehicle milage report which tracks data regarding vehicle make, model and model year, vehicle identification numbers (VIN), vehicle type, and odometer readings from the beginning and end of each fiscal year. The quantification process to determine activity data and emissions factors for transit fleet vehicles follows the same procedure used for the City’s vehicle fleet (see Section 4.2.4 above). The GHG emission calculation details associated with transit fleet sector sources are provided in Table 42.

Table 42 Municipal Transit Fleet Sector GHG Emission Calculations GHG Emission Source Activity Data Emissions Factor
Emissions
[MT CO2e] Scope
Natural Gas 2,367 miles 0.00230 MT CO2e/mile 5 Scope 1 Gasoline 18,751 miles 0.00064 MT CO2e/mile 12 Scope 1
Total 17 Scope 1
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent ; gal = gallons; Values may not add due to rounding

4.2.6 Solid Waste Facilities
Solid waste generated at municipal buildings and facilities produces Scope 3 GHG emissions from process emission and the decomposition of waste at a landfill. The City’s solid waste is collected by

26 California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod). 2022. User Guide for CalEEMod Version 2022.1, Appendix G, Default Data Tables.

Available at: https://www.caleemod.com/user -guide

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46 Athens Services which contracts with San Bernadino County landfills. For consistency in GHG emissions accounting, municipal solid waste GHG emissions were quantified consistent with the methodology applied to the City’s 2021 Community GHG Inventory. The GHG emissions calculations for municipal solid waste are summarized in Table 43.

Table 43 Municipal Solid Waste GHG Emission Calculations Sector
Activity Data
[wet short ton]
Emission Factor
[MT CO2e/wet
short ton]
GHG Emissions
[MT CO2e]
Emission Source
Scope
Landfill Decomposition1 1,445 0.3375 488 Scope 3
Landfill Process 1,445 0.0110 16 Scope 3
Total 504 Scope 3
Note: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent

1. For information regarding methodology, default factors, and data sources used to quantify emissions from solid waste decomposition see Equation 3.8 and Table 18

2. For information regarding methodology, default factors, and data sources used to quantify emissions from landfill processes see Equation 3.9 and Table 19

4.2.7 Wastewater Facilities
Wastewater management produces emissions through every stage of the collection and treatment process and falls under Scope 3 emissions as the City’s wastewater is treated by the LACSD whose WNWRP and JWPCP facilities exist outside of the City and are not under the City’s jurisdictional control. However, the wastewater collection and conveyance infrastructure is managed by the City, therefore Scope 2 emissions from electricity used by wastewater collection infrastructure within the City are also included. Electricity consumption activity data for wastewater collection infrastructure was reported in the City’s annual electricity consumption utility data summary report. Additionally, the inventory for wastewater facilities includes T&D losses associated with the City’s wastewater collection infrastructure to maintain consistency with the community inventory and the buildings and facilities emissions sectors.

Except for electricity use, activity data for emissions associated with wastewater treatment at WNWRP and JWPCP are based on the number of full time City employees as provided by the City.

The total number of employees is apportioned between wastewater treatment plants according to the methodology specified in Table 27. Activity data for wastewater treatment electricity use was determined using the same methodology applied in Table 34 based on the number of City employees. T&D losses associated with electricity used for wastewater facility treatment processes are excluded from the municipal wastewater inventory as they are considered to be negligible.

Default emission factors applicable to each wastewater treatment plant were applied to the activity data consistent with methods used in the City’s 2021 Community GHG Inventory.27 The total GHG emissions generated by the City produced wastewater and wastewater infrastructure can be found in Table 44.

27 See Community Protocol wastewater sector methods (Section 3.2.5) for all default inputs including emissions factors used to calculate wastewater emissions.

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 47 Table 44 Municipal Wastewater GHG Emissions
GHG Emission Source Activity Data Emissions Factor1
Emissions
[MT CO2e] Scope
Wastewater Collection
Wastewater Collection
Infrastructure2 1,387,154 kWh 0.000263 MT CO2e/kWh 365 Scope 2 Wastewater Collection
Infrastructure T&D2 61,035 kWh 0.000263 MT CO2e/kWh 16 Scope 2 Wastewater Treatment
Stationary Combustion3 443 employees 0.000062 MT
CO2e/employee 0 Scope 3
Effluent Discharge
Fugitive N2O 4 443 employees 0.010396 MT
CO2e/employee 5 Scope 3
Process N2O Emissions 5 443 employees 0.001008 MT
CO2e/employee 0 Scope 3
Electricity Use 6 16,481 kWh 0.000242 MT CO2e/kWh 4 Scope 3 Total 381 Scope 2
Total 9 Scope 3
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; kg = kilogram; kWh = kilowatt hour; Values may not add due to rounding

1. See Table 35 for a summary of emissions factors calculated according to methods detailed in Section 3.2.5

2. See Equation 3.16 and Table 33; this only includes electricity emissions from wastewater collection infrastructure

3. See Equation 3.11 and Table 28 as well as Equation 3.12 and Table 29

4. See Equation 3.15 and Table 32

5. See Equation 3.13 and Table 30 as well as Equation 3.14 and Table 31

6. See Equation 3.16 and Table 33; this includes electricity emissions from wastewater treatment processing

4.2.8 Employee Commute
Emissions from employee commute include Scope 3 GHG emissions sources from the mobile combustion of fossil fuels generated by the City’s employee vehicles due to employees commute to and from work. The annual commute miles travelled per year were estimated based on number of full time employee data provided by the City, the average commute miles per one way trip as reported by a study published by SCAG,28 and a 260 work days per year conversion factor. The passenger vehicle emissions factor provided by EMFAC202129 was applied to activity data to determine GHG emissions from employee commute. The GHG emissions associated with the employee commute sector are provided in Table 45.

28 Southern California Association of Governments. 2021. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Jobs-Housing Fit in Southern California (ID: P21 - 20281). Available at: https://scag.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file -attachments/ej_jhfit_scag_2021trb.pdf?1612993870 29 California Air and Resources Board. 2023. Emission FACtor (EMFAC2021 v1.0.1) Model. Available at:
https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/emissions -inventory/5e0cb7d6006cc10661f4b3ffb9c120a486d46ea6

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48 Table 45 Municipal Employee Commute GHG Emissions
GHG Emission
Source
City
Employees
Avg One-way
Distance
[mi/trip]
Work Days
per Year
Emissions
Factor
[MT CO2e/mi]
Emissions
[MT CO2e]
Emission
Source Scope
Employee
Commute 443 9.10 260.00 0.00035 742 Scope 3
Notes: MT CO 2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent ; mi = miles; Values may not add due to rounding

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 49 5 GHG Emissions Forecast
A GHG emissions inventory sets a reference point for a single year; however, annual GHG emissions change over time due to factors such as population and job growth as well as new technologies and policies. A GHG emissions forecast estimates future GHG emission changes by accounting for projected community growth. Calculating the difference between the GHG emissions forecast and GHG emissions reduction targets set by a jurisdiction determines the gap in GHG emissions that needs to be closed through the implementation of local GHG reduction policies. This section includes an estimate of the future emissions for the City in the years 2030, 2035, 2040 and 2045 in a business-as-usual scenario (BAU) forecast and a legislative adjusted scenario (adjusted) forecast, which are defined as follows:
• Business-as-usual scenario- Provides a forecast of how future GHG emissions would change if consumption trends continue as they did in 20 21 and growth were to occur as projected in Southern California Association of Government’s (SCAG) 2016 -2040 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy (RTP/SCS) Final Growth Forecast, absent any regulations that would reduce local emissions.
• Legislative adjusted scenario- Provides a forecast of how currently adopted legislation would reduce GHG emissions from the business-as-usual scenario. The legislative adjusted scenario represents the State’s contribution to reducing local GHG emissions to meet state goals.

Because the adjusted forecast incorporates the impact of State regulations that provide GHG emission reduction potential to offer a more accurate picture of future GHG emission growth and the responsibility of the City for GHG reductions.

5.1 Business-as-usual Scenario GHG Emissions Forecast
For the BAU forecast, future GHG emissions were calculated by multiplying projected activity data with the baseline emission factors utilized in the 2021 community GHG emissions inventory. Several indicator growth rates were developed from 2021 activity data and applied to demographic projections to project future activity data.

Demographics applied to the growth factors use SCAG’s RTP/SCS 2016-2040 Final Growth Forecast estimates of population, employment, and households. 30 Household based growth factors from SCAG’s RTP/SCS forecast are adjusted to account for the 6th Cycle Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) allocation of housing needs for the City between 2021 and 2029. As such, the number of households in the City is expected to grow by 5,257 units between 2020 and 202931, with steady growth after 2030 at a rate of about 36 households per year. On-road transportation VMT projections and off-road fuel use projections utilize data obtained from Iteris, Inc. and the CARB EMFAC OFFROAD2021 model, respectively, as described in the Community Inventory section. A summary of the demographics and projection metrics for each forecast year in the BAU forecast are provided in Table 46.

30 Southern California Association of Governments. 2023. 2016 ‐2040 RTP/SCS Final Growth Forecast by Jurisdiction. Available at:
https://scag.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file -attachments/2016_2040rtpscs_finalgrowthforecastbyjurisdiction.pdf?1605576071 . 31 City of Monterey Park. 2023. 2023 Housing Element. Available at:
https://www.montereypark.ca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/14974/Housing-Element-2023?bidId=

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50 Table 46 BAU Forecast Demographic and Projection Metrics by Forecast Year Metric Data Source 2021 2030 2035 2040 2045
Population SCAG 2016-
2040 RTP/SCS 62,700 63,600 64,100 65,000 65,900
Employment SCAG 2020
RTP/SCS 34,393 35,391 35,700 36,500 37,300
Service Population SCAG 2020
RTP/SCS 97,093 98,991 99,800 101,500 103,200
Households
SCAG 2020
RTP/SCS and
SCAG 6th Cycle
RHNA
Allocation
20,833 26,406 26,557 26,757 26,957
Passenger Annual
VMT
Iteris, Inc. 483,695,445 492,860,756 497,952,634 503,044,859 508,137,084 Commercial Annual
VMT
Iteris, Inc. 16,519,282 17,834,759 18,566,235 19,297,364 20,028,493 Bus Annual VMT1 Iteris, Inc. 416,380 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Off-road gasoline
usage (gallons)
CARB
OFFROAD2021 621,263 673,143 691,873 709,122 726,981
Off-road diesel
usage (gallons)
CARB
OFFROAD2021 605,302 642,586 673,444 704,153 739,068
Off-road natural gas
usage (gallons)
CARB
OFFROAD2021 392,276 429,606 451,568 474,690 474,690
Notes: VMT = vehicle miles traveled; RHNA = Regional Housing Needs Allocation; Demographics for 2030 and 2045 are quantified assuming growth rate remains consistent between the years of 2035 -2045

1. Bus VMT for 2021 is obtained from Iteris Inc.’s VMT analysis and growth factor is applied for forecast years, as seen in Table 2 below.

A description of the demographic metrics used to project activity data and associated growth factors for each forecasted GHG emission source in the 2021 community GHG emissions inventory are provided in Table 47.

Table 47 GHG Emission Sources and Growth Factors for BAU Scenario Forecast GHG Emissions Source
Demographic
Projection
Metric Growth Factor Value Units
Energy1
Residential Natural Gas
Consumption Households Natural Gas Consumption per
Household 286 therms
Non-residential Natural
Gas Consumption Employment Natural Gas Consumption per Job 82 therms Residential Electricity
Consumption Households Electricity Consumption per
Household 5,016 kWh
Non-residential Electricity
Consumption Employment Electricity Consumption per Job 3,145 kWh Residential Natural Gas
Leaks Households Natural Gas Leakage per Household 8 therms

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 51 Non-residential Natural
Gas Leaks Employment Natural Gas Leakage per Job 2 therms Transportation
On-Road Passenger
Vehicles2 N/A N/A N/A N/A
On-Road Commercial
Vehicles3 N/A N/A N/A N/A
On-Road Buses Service
Population
Annual Bus Service per Service
Person 4 VMT
Off-Road Equipment4 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Water & Wastewater 5
Imported Water Supply
Electricity Consumption
Service
Population
Imported Potable Water Supply
Electricity Consumption per Service
Person

0.32 kWh
Wastewater Electricity
Consumption
Service
Population
Wastewater Electricity Consumption
per Service Person 37 kWh
Wastewater Process and
Fugitive Emissions
Service
Population
Wastewater Process and Fugitive
Emissions per Service Person 0.01 MT CO2e
Solid Waste
Solid Waste Disposal Service
Population
Solid Waste Disposed per Service
Person 0.18 tons
Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; kWh = kilowatt-hour; VMT = vehicle miles traveled; N/A = Not Applicable; SP = Service Population – the combined total number of employees and residents in the City

1. Electricity T&D growth factor is not included as GHG emissions from electricity T&D is added to each forecasted year’s total electricity amount.

2. Annual Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) for each forecast year are obtained from Iteris Inc.’s VMT analysis.

3. VMT for each forecast year are obtained from Iteris Inc.’s VMT analysis.

4. Fuel consumption for each forecasted year are obtained from the CARB OFFROAD2021 Model, available at:
https://arb.ca.gov/emfac/emissions -inventory/5e0cb7d6006cc10661f4b3ffb9c120a486d46ea6

5. Electricity emissions associated with local water consumption use are captured within the energy sector, as previously described in the Community Inventory section of this technical report. GHG emissions from wastewater electricity T&D is added to each forecasted years’ wastewater electricity amount.

Using the above demographic and projection metrics in Table 46, multiplied by the growth factors in Table 47 and the 2021 community GHG inventory emission factors, the BAU forecast can be calculated. In the BAU forecast, GHG emissions are expected to increase through 2045. A summary of the BAU forecast results by GHG emission sector is provided in Table 48.

Table 48 BAU Forecast Results Summary by Emission Sector GHG Emissions Source 2021 2030 2035 2040 2045
Energy 116,714 136,394 137,323 139,104 140,885
Residential Electricity + T&D 28,753 36,432 36,640 36,916 37,192 Nonresidential Electricity + T&D 29,706 30,568 30,835 31,526 32,216 Residential Natural Gas 31,672 40,144 40,373 40,677 40,981 Residential Natural Gas Leaks 7,951 10,077 10,135 10,211 10,288 Nonresidential Natural Gas 14,894 15,326 15,459 15,806 16,152 Nonresidential Natural Gas Leaks 3,739 3,847 3,881 3,968 4,055 Transportation 207,453 213,401 216,725 220,048 223,286

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52 On-road Passenger Vehicles 172,402 175,669 177,484 179,299 181,114 On-road Commercial Vehicles 19,790 21,366 22,242 23,118 23,994 On-road Buses 885 902 910 925 941
Off-road Equipment 14,376 15,464 16,089 16,706 17,237
Water and Wastewater 2,034 2,073 2,090 2,126 2,162
Imported Water Supply 8 8 8 8 8
Wastewater Process and Fugitive
Emissions 1,113 1,135 1,144 1,164 1,183
Wastewater Electricity + T&D 913 931 938 954 970
Solid Waste 17,770 18,117 18,265 18,576 18,888
Solid Waste Disposal 17,770 18,117 18,265 18,576 18,888 Total GHG Emissions 343,970 369,985 374,404 379,855 385,219 Notes: All values are presented in metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MT CO2e)

5.2 Legislative Adjusted Scenario GHG Emissions
Forecast
Several federal and state regulations have been enacted that would reduce the City’s GHG emissions below the BAU forecasted levels in 2030, 2035, 2040 and 2045. The impact of these regulations was quantified and incorporated into the adjusted forecast to provide a more accurate depiction of future emissions growth and the GHG emission reduction responsibility of the City. The state legislation included in the adjusted forecast reduce GHG emissions associated with transportation, building efficiency and renewable electricity. A brief description of each regulation and the methodology used to calculate associated reductions is provided in the following, as well as a description of why specific legislation was excluded from the analysis.

5.2.1 Legislative Reduction Programs
Additional legislative programs are expected to reduce GHG emissions in specific sectors throughout California, as identified in the 2017 Scoping Plan Update. Many of these programs were incorporated into the forecast analysis and are summarized in the subsections below.

Transportation Legislation
Advanced Clean Cars Programs
Prior to 2012, mobile emissions regulations were implemented on a case-by-case basis for GHG and criteria pollutant emissions separately. In January 2012, CARB approved a new emissions-control program (the Advanced Clean Cars program) combining the control of smog, soot causing pollutants, and GHG emissions into a single coordinated package of requirements for passenger cars and light trucks model years 2017 through 2025. The Advanced Clean Cars program coordinates the goals of the Low Emissions Vehicles, Zero Emissions Vehicles, and Clean Fuels Outlet programs, and is more stringent than the federal Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards. The new

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 53 standards will reduce California’s GHG emissions by 34 percent in 2025 which is modeled under the CARB EMission FACtor (EMFAC) Model and included in the GHG forecast.32 Advanced Clean Cars II was approved by CARB in August 2022 and expands the program’s roadmap so that by 2035 all new cars and passenger trucks will be zero-emission vehicles (ZEV). This regulation effectively binds the State to EO N-79-20. The executive order was passed by the governor in 2020 and requires all new cars and passenger trucks sold in California be ZEV by 2035.

While these legislations will lead to an expedited timeline for ZEV adoption in California, modeling data is not yet available in CARB’s EMFAC Model, and emissions reductions attributable to the Advanced Clean Cars II program were therefore, excluded from the GHG forecast.

Advanced Clean Trucks was approved by CARB in June 2020 sets a zero emission vehicle (ZEV) percent-of-sales requirement on medium- and heavy- duty vehicle manufacturers to promote increased truck ZEV sale from 2024 to 2035. The standard is intended to reduce NOx pollution and GHG emissions, which are disproportionately high in medium- and heavy-duty vehicle classes compared to passenger vehicles, as well as promote first-wave ZEV truck technology penetration in the market.33 EMFAC models the effect of the Advanced Clean Trucks regulation on ZEV truck penetration and associated GHG emissions and in included in the forecast.

Assembly Bill 1493
Signed into law in 2002, AB 1493 (Pavley Standards) required vehicle manufacturers to reduce GHG emissions from new passenger vehicles and light trucks from 2009 through 2016. Regulations were adopted by CARB in 2004 and took effect in 2009 when the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued a waiver confirming California’s right to implement the bill. CARB anticipates that the Pavley I standard will reduce GHG emissions from new California passenger vehicles by about 30 percent in 2016, while simultaneously improving fuel efficiency and reducing motorists’ costs.34The impacts of the Pavley Standards on zero emission vehicle market penetration was incorporated into the EMFAC model starting in 2014 and is included in the forecast assessment.

Innovative Clean Transit
Public transit GHG emissions will be reduced in the future through the Innovative Clean Transit (ICT) regulation, which was adopted in December 2018. It requires all public transit agencies to gradually transition to a 100-percent zero-emission bus fleet by 2040. Under ICT, large transit agencies are expected to adopt Zero-Emission Bus Rollout Plans to establish a roadmap towards zero emission public transit buses.35 The effects of the ICT regulation on GHG emissions are modeled in EMFAC2021 and is therefore included in the forecast.

32 California Air and Resource Board (CARB). 2019. Advanced Clean Cars Summary.. Available at:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019 -12/acc%20summary -final_ac.pdf 33 California Air and Resource Board (CARB). 2023. Advanced Clean Trucks. Available at: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our - work/programs/advanced -clean -trucks/about
34 CARB. Clean Car Standards – Pavley, Assembly Bill 1493. May 2013. Accessed November 14, 2022 at:
http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ccms/ccms.htm
35 Innovative Clean Transit. Approved August 13, 2019. Accessed November 14, 2022 at:
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019 -10/ictfro -Clean-Final_0.pdf?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery

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54 Energy Legislation
Title 24
Although it was not originally intended to reduce GHG emissions, California Code of Regulations Title 24, Part 6: California’s Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings, was adopted in 1978 in response to a legislative mandate to reduce California’s energy consumption, which in turn reduces fossil fuel consumption and associated GHG emissions. The standards are updated triennially to allow consideration and possible incorporation of new energy- efficient technologies and methods. Starting in 2020, new residential developments had to include on-site solar generation and near-zero net energy use. For projects implemented after January 1, 2020, the California Energy Commission (CEC) estimates that the 2019 standards will reduce electricity consumption by 53 percent for residential buildings and 30 percent for non-residential buildings, relative to the 2016 standards. The CEC further estimates residential natural gas efficiency increases of 7 percent for residential end uses.36 No efficiency increases were estimated for commercial natural gas end uses, based on lack of requirements in this sector in the 2019 standards.

These percentage savings relate to heating, cooling, lighting, and water heating only and do not include other appliances, outdoor lighting not attached to buildings, plug loads, or other energy uses. In December 2022 the CEC published the new Title 24 2022 Building Efficiency Standards.37 Due to the complexity of the new code there is currently no available model establishing projected efficiency increase as a result of the standard. Therefore, the updated 2022 code was not included to provide a conservative estimate of forecasted GHG emissions reductions resulting from efficiency increases.

Renewables Portfolio Standard, Senate Bill 100, & Senate Bill 1020 Established in 2002 under SB 1078, enhanced in 2015 by SB 350, and accelerated for the first time in 2018 under SB 100, California’s Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is one of the most ambitious renewable energy standards in the country. The RPS program requires investor-owned utilities, publicly owned utilities, electric service providers, and community choice aggregators to increase procurement from eligible renewable energy resources to 50 percent of total procurement by 2026 and 60 percent of total procurement by 2030. The RPS program further requires that by 2045 that 100 percent of total energy procured be a combination of eligible renewable energy resources and zero-carbon resources.

California’s RPS was further accelerated in 2022 by SB 1020 which established additional requirements that procurement from eligible renewable energy resources and zero-carbon resources increase to 90 percent of total procurement by 2035 and 95 percent of total procurement by 2040. The requirements of SB 1020 do not affect those previously set forth and are to be considered additional to the existing RPS requirements. The RPS program and SB 1020 were incorporated into the GHG forecast by adjusting the electricity emissions factors for future years, as discussed in Section 4.4.

Southern California Edison (SCE) currently provides electricity to the City and is subject to the RPS requirements. SCE’s emission factors adjusted for RPS requirements were used to project emissions

36 California Energy Commission. 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards Frequently Asked Questions. January 1, 2020. Accessed November 8, 2022 at: https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2020 -03/Title_24_2019_Building_Standards_FAQ_ada.pdf 37 California Energy Commission (CEC). 2023. 2022 Building Energy Efficiency Standards. Available at:
https://www.energy.ca.gov/programs -and-topics/programs/building -energy -efficiency -standards/2022 -building -energy -efficiency

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 55 through 2045. Table 49 provides the estimated electricity emission factors that would result from SB 100.

Table 49 Southern California Edison Forecasted RPS and Electricity Emission Factor Metric 2021 2030 2035 2040 2045
Renewables Portfolio Standard Percentage 31% 60% 90% 95% 100% Electricity Emission Factor (MT CO 2e/kWh) 0.00026 0.00015 0.000038 0.000019 0 Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent; kWh = kilowatt -hour Waste Legislation
Assembly Bill 939 & Assembly Bill 341
In 2011, AB 341 set the target of 75 percent recycling, composting, or source reduction of solid waste by 2020 calling for the California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (also known as CalRecycle) to take a statewide approach to decreasing California’s reliance on landfills.

This target was an update to the former target of 50 percent waste diversion set by AB 939.

As actions under AB 341 are not assigned to specific local jurisdictions, potential future reductions from the bill were conservatively not included in the GHG forecast analysis.

Assembly Bill 1826
In 2014, AB 1826 set regulations in place requiring California businesses to recycle all of their organic waste starting in April 2016. The bill also required jurisdictions across the State to provide organic waste recycling programs to accommodate diverted waste from local businesses. As the City has already implemented an organics collection program, implementation of AB 1826 compliance is reflected in the City’s community inventory solid waste activity data and is thereby included in the BAU and adjusted forecast.

Senate Bill 1383
SB 1383 established a methane emission reduction target for short-lived climate pollutants in various sectors of the economy, including waste. Specifically, SB 1383 establishes targets to achieve a 50 percent reduction in the level of the statewide disposal of organic waste from the 2014 level by 2020 and a 75 percent reduction by 2025.38 Additionally, SB 1383 requires a 20 percent reduction in “current”39 edible food disposal by 2025. Although SB 1383 has been signed into law, compliance with this Senate Bill must occur at the jurisdiction-level rather than the state-level. Due to current limitations in local jurisdiction’s ability to comply with organic waste targets set by SB 1383, anticipated emissions reductions attributable to the bill are conservatively excluded from the forecast. However, estimated impacts associated with SB 1383 will be included in the GHG reduction measures in the SP.

38 CalRecycle. California’s Short -Lived Climate Pollutant Reduction Strategy. https://calrecycle.ca.gov/organics/slcp/ 39 SB 1383 does not specify a baseline year for the 20 percent food recovery target, however, CalRecycle’s 2018 statewide waste characterization studies will be used to help measure the baseline for the State to meet its SB 1383 goals. See CalRecycle FAQ accessed November 14, 2022 for more
information:https://calrecycle.ca.gov/organics/slcp/faq/foodrecovery/#:~:text=SB%201383%20requires%20the%20state,for%20individua l%20jurisdictions%20to%20achieve .

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56 5.2.2 Legislative Adjusted Scenario Forecast Results In the adjusted emissions forecast, the electricity and water sectors all experience a strong downward trend, approaching near-zero in 2045 due to stringent RPS requirements from SB 100/1020. Natural gas emissions are expected to continue an upward trajectory until 2045 due to population and employment growth projections. This trend is partially offset due to the increasingly stringent efficiency requirements for new construction in the upcoming Title 24 code cycles.

Transportation emissions are expected to decrease sharply in the next 10 to 15 years due to existing fuel efficiency requirements , fleet turnover rates, and increased electric vehicle penetration. As most current regulations expire in 2025 or 2030, emissions standards will experience diminishing returns while VMT continues to increase, leading to lower rates of emissions reduction in the transportation sector as 2045 is approached. A detailed summary of the City’s projected GHG emissions under the adjusted forecast by sector and year through 2045 can be found in Table 50.

Table 50 Legislative Adjusted Scenario Forecast Results GHG Emissions Source 2021 2030 2035 2040 2045
Energy 116,714 105,261 78,288 74,522 70,661
Residential Electricity + T&D 28,753 18,927 4,750 2,386 0 Nonresidential Electricity + T&D 29,706 17,682 4,451 2,263 0 Residential Natural Gas 31,672 39,551 39,764 40,047 40,330 Residential Natural Gas Leaks 7,951 9,928 9,982 10,053 10,124 Nonresidential Natural Gas 14,894 15,326 15,459 15,806 16,152 Nonresidential Natural Gas Leaks 3,739 3,847 3,881 3,968 4,055 Transportation 207,453 180,915 171,627 168,002 167,629
On-road Passenger Vehicles 172,402 147,380 139,526 136,651 136,181 On-road Commercial Vehicles 19,790 17,358 15,513 14,335 14,040 On-road Buses 885 713 499 310 172
Off-road Equipment 14,376 15,464 16,089 16,706 17,237
Water and Wastewater 2,034 1,510 1,239 1,212 1,183
Imported Water Supply 8 3 1 <1 0
Wastewater Process and Fugitive
Emissions 1,113 1,135 1,144 1,164 1,183
Wastewater Electricity + T&D 913 372 94 48 0
Solid Waste 17,770 18,117 18,265 18,576 18,888
Solid Waste Disposal 17,770 18,117 18,265 18,576 18,888 Total GHG Emissions 343,970 305,803 269,419 262,312 258,361 Notes: All values are presented in metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MT CO2e)

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Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 57

5.2.3 Legislative GHG Emission Reduction Contribution
A summary of the reductions from the BAU forecast that can be expected under the adjusted forecast are provided in Table 51.

Table 51 Summary of Legislative GHG Emission Reductions Metric 2030 2035 2040 2045
California Renewable Portfolio Standards 28,236 58,866 65,251 71,517 Title 24 5,026 5,301 5,695 6,094
Transportation (Pavley, Innovative Clean Transit,
etc.)
30,920 40,818 46,597 49,248
Total 64,182 104,985 117,542 126,858
Notes: All values are presented in metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MT CO2e)

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58 6 Provisional GHG Emissions Targets
GHG reduction targets are used in climate action planning to establish metrics that guide the community’s commitment to achieve GHG emissions reductions and help gauge progress reducing emissions over time. California has established statewide GHG reduction goals for 2030 and 2045, relative to a baseline emissions level. CARB’s 2022 Scoping Plan encourages local agencies to take ambitious, coordinated climate action that is consistent with and supportive of the state’s climate goals40. Thus, local agencies are recommended to establish equivalent reduction targets at the local level by establishing community wide GHG reduction goals for climate action that will help California achieve its 2030 and 2045 goals. CARB has issued several guidance documents concerning the establishment of GHG emission reduction targets for CAPs or SPs, to comply with California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines § 15183.5(b). Even if a plan is not CEQA-qualified, CARB has long recommended that local targets be a part of the process of developing, monitoring, and updating a CAP or SP.

6.1 1990 Level GHG Emissions Back -cast
The City does not have a 1990 GHG emissions inventory from which to develop GHG reduction targets consistent with SB 32, however, 1990 GHG emissions can be estimated for the community relative to the City’s updated 2021 inventory using a state-level emissions change metric.

The City’s 1990 GHG emissions have been calculated using the State’s 2020 GHG emissions inventory as compared to the State’s GHG emissions inventory in 1990 to calculate approximate percent reduction in the City between 2021 and 1990. The State’s 2020 GHG emissions inventory was used as this is the most recently available statewide inventory from CARB. It is assumed that the 1990-2020 Statewide GHG emissions change is similar to the 1990-2021 Statewide GHG emissions change, therefore it can be used to estimate 1990 level GHG emissions for Monterey Park based on the 2021 community GHG emissions inventory. This approach assumes that the City’s community GHG emissions have generally remained consistent with the State’s GHG emissions. The calculation is developed using the published State-wide emissions results from CARB,41 after removing emissions from sectors not included in the City’s inventory (e.g., agriculture, aviation, non-specified, industrial). The 1990 back-cast for the City is shown in Table 52.

Table 52 1990 Back-cast Calculations
1990 Back-cast Calculations
2020 Statewide GHG Emissions (MMT CO 2e) 254.30
1990 Statewide GHG Emissions (MMT CO 2e) 306.65
2020 to 1990 Statewide GHG Emissions Change (%) 20.59% 2021 Monterey Park GHG Emissions (MT CO 2e) 343,970

40 California Air Resources Board. 2022. California’s Climate Change Scoping Plan, p.268. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2023 -04/2022 -sp.pdf 41 California Air Resources Board. 2023. California GHG Emission Inventory Program. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2023 - 04/2022 -sp.pdf

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Provisional GHG Emissions Targets

Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 59

6.2 GHG Emissions Reduction Target Setting
The purpose of target setting is to develop the trajectory toward achieving the State’s 2030 goal (SB 32) and prepare for the deep decarbonization needed by 2045 in a cost-effective manner by setting an incremental path toward achieving AB 1279 targets. CARB guidance is for jurisdictions to first strive to exceed the SB 32 targets of reducing GHG emissions 40% below 1990 levels, while establishing a policy framework to achieve the long-term target of carbon neutrality by 2045.

Target setting is an iterative process which must be informed by the reductions that can realistically be achieved through the development of feasible GHG reduction measures. While the provisional mitigation measures and actions outlined in the City’s SP have a high level of probability to achieve GHG emissions reductions in line with SB 32, uncertainty increases over time. If the City determines that implementation of specific strategies is not achieving the anticipated emissions reductions, the strategy and/or targets may have to be revised or replaced to establish a path forward to align with the State’s GHG emissions targets.

According to the Association of Environmental Professionals (AEP), the feasibility of achieving substantial reductions through local action only is questionable given limitations on local municipality authority. The AEP also states that no city or county is completely autonomous in matters of energy and transportation systems; and notes that a municipality can influence certain matters; however, many decisions about the electricity and transportation systems are under the control of the State and federal government, and/or are controlled by market determinations.

Achieving the established target will require major shifts in how communities within California obtain and use energy, transport themselves and goods, and how the population lives and builds.

These transformations would require implementation across all levels of the economy, not just what local jurisdictions have authority over. As such, placing the burden predominantly on local jurisdictions would thus be highly disproportional, costly, and potentially subject to litigation42.

To maintain consistency with State targets, the City’s provisional GHG emissions reduction targets are:
• Reduce GHG emissions to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 (SB 32 target year) • Make substantial progress towards carbon neutrality by 2045 (AB 1279 target year) With GHG emission reduction targets in place, the reduction gap that the City will be responsible for through local action can be calculated. The City’s GHG emissions reduction gap is based on the difference between the adjusted forecast, discussed previously, and the established GHG emission reduction targets. Table 53 provides a summary of the GHG emission reduction targets.

42 Association of Environmental Professionals. Beyond Newhall and 2020: A Field Guide to New CEQA Greenhouse Gas Thresholds and Climate Action Plan Targets in California. October 2016.

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60 Table 53 GHG Emissions Reduction Targets and Gap Analysis Emissions Forecast or Pathway 2021 2030 2035 2040 2045
Mass Emissions Target Pathway Scenario (MT CO2e)
Adjusted Forecast 343,970 305,803 269,419 262,312 258,361 SB 32 Mass Emissions Target Pathway 1 343,970 248,868 165,912 82,956 - Remaining Emissions Gap 0 56,936 103,507 179,356 258,361 Notes: MT CO2e = Metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent Emissions have been rounded to the nearest whole number and therefore sums may not match.

1. The target pathway is calculated by reducing 1990 mass emissions by 40% in 2030 and to 0 in 2045. This provisional target pathway is consistent with both SB 32 and a trajectory set forth to achieve AB 1279.

Figure 3 provides a visual representation of future GHG emissions, with the impacts of State legislation and the remaining gap the City will be responsible for to meet the GHG emission reduction targets set by the State.

Figure 3 GHG Emissions Forecast and Provisional Target Pathways (Mass Emissions)

248,868
MT CO2e
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
2021 2030 2035 2040 2045
GHG Emissions (MT CO2e)
BAU Forecast Adjusted Forecast SB 32 Mass Emissions Pathway

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Provisional GHG Emissions Targets

Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Forecast, and Targets Report 61

6.3 Meeting the Targets
The 2030, 2035, and 2045 targets identified above will be achieved through a combination of existing state measures and the implementation of local measures that are identified in the Monterey Park Sustainability Plan. Local measures were identified through a comprehensive assessment of existing local and regional policies, programs, and actions and by assessing any gaps and identifying additional opportunities. Additional measures were developed from best practices of other similar and neighboring jurisdictions, as well as those recommended by organizations and agencies, such as the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA), the Office of Planning and Research, CARB’s 2022 Scoping Plan, and Association of Environmental Professionals (AEP).

Sincerely,
Rincon Consultants, Inc.

Ryan Gardner, MESM, LEED AP, ENV-SP Hannah Mize
Sustainability Program Manager Project Manager

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Staff Report
April 17, 2024

ATTACHMENT 2
Implementation Program

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Pride in the Past • Faith in the Future
Last Updated: February 13, 2024
Implementation and Monitoring Plan
The Sustainability Plan (the Plan) outlines specific measures and actions to achieve greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions to meet the City’s established targets. Implementation of the Plan is anticipated to occur between 2024 and 2045. However, a key purpose of this Plan is to identify and prioritize key measures and actions to be implemented in the near term (2024 – 2029) that are most impactful at meeting the City’s 2030 target. The development of an implementation plan and monitoring schedule will aid the City in tracking progress over time and modifying the Plan as needed to meet their GHG reduction targets.

This document details the implementation plan, including timelines, high-level cost of implementation, responsible parties (i.e., which City Department will oversee the specific tasks), and establishes a monitoring and reporting process. Implementation of the Plan is based on the best available data and current best practices in climate action and adaptation planning. Due to the long implementation time- period of the Plan, measures and actions may evolve over time as the City tracks progress, new technologies and legislation emerge, and funding opportunities for additional GHG emissions reduction and climate adaptation opportunities are identified.

Implementation
Building on Past Success
Monterey Park’s 2012 Climate Action Plan (CAP) set targets to achieve GHG emission reductions in line with the 2020 State target (Assembly Bill 32 [AB 32]). Since that time, the State of California has exceeded AB 32 targets returning to 1990 emissions levels in 2016, four years ahead of the AB 32 target.

The City also adopted a new Healthy and Sustainable Community Element in the City’s General Plan, retrofit City facilities with solar panels and LED lighting, added three full service compressed natural gas (CNG) buses to the public transit fleet, and adopted a water conservation ordinance. The Plan builds upon these initiatives from the 2012 CAP and includes a broad range of new initiatives that extend beyond climate mitigation efforts, such as incorporating adaptation and social equity strategies, increasing community connectivity, and improving GHG emissions reduction tracking mechanisms. The Plan also fosters long-lasting and meaningful partnerships between the City, local partners, community leaders, and the larger community to confront climate change. Implementation of the Plan will significantly reduce GHG emissions, improve adaptation, and spark innovation and collaboration, all while engaging the community.

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2 Looking Towards the Future
When implemented, measures and actions outlined in the Plan (see Chapters 3-7, and Table 4 - Table 7, below) will help the City make progress towards their GHG emission reduction and climate equity goals.

The Plan builds on the foundation established in the 2012 CAP by identifying a suite of impactful measures and establishing a clear implementation plan which will transform measures into on-the- ground polices, programs, and projects with real GHG reduction and climate resilience impacts. Further, the Plan promotes interdepartmental accountability and collaboration by identifying the lead departments in the City that are responsible for implementation of each action. The measures focus on deep decarbonization within the built environment and transportation sector, promoting and advancing equitable development, and building adaptation to climate change impacts like extreme heat. Notable measures in the Plan include rapidly transitioning City electricity consumption to renewable or carbon- free energy sources, greatly expanding electric vehicle infrastructure, establishing a community garden program, increasing the capacity of cooling centers, installing backup power sources, and creating educational programs/resources regarding climate change. Alongside each of these measures are SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound) actions that increase the likelihood of implementation of each measure, and ultimately the Plan.

Phasing
To make ongoing progress toward the State’s emission reduction goals, Monterey Park will continue implementing the measures and actions as efficiently as possible, in a stepwise process that results in real change. As depicted in Figure 1, the Plan takes a phased approach to implementation:
 Phase 1: Actions which will occur in the short-term, over the next three years (2024-2027)  Phase 2: Actions which will occur in the mid-term, over the next five years (2028-2030)  Phase 3: Actions which will occur in the long-term, over the next 10+ years (2031 and beyond)  Ongoing: Actions which are currently underway and will continue to occur across the phases Figure 1 Plan Phasing

Some actions such as adopting ordinances or resolutions to purchase more renewable and carbon-free energy can be done on a short timetable; while others, such as the preparation and implementation of an Active Transportation Plan will require longer timelines for both rollout of the infrastructure and use by the community. Chapters 3-7 of the Sustainability Plan and Table 4 - Table 5 below identify the timeline for each measure and action. If the actions identified to meet the 2030 GHG emissions reduction milestone targets are not implemented according to the identified timelines, it is likely additional actions will need to be developed. In many cases, when actions are delayed, more significant actions would need to be taken to achieve the longer-term GHG emissions reduction targets.

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3 The Team
To successfully reach ambitious GHG emission reduction targets and climate adaptation goals, everyone in the community must be involved. The City can introduce new services and technologies, from organic waste diversion pathways and EV (electric vehicle) charging infrastructure to implementing public transit programs and coordinating environmental justice outreach, but success depends on community adoption and collaboration. Achieving meaningful progress towards reducing our GHG emissions and furthering adaptation practices starts with City leadership, through policies, education, and investments that act as catalysts for change throughout the broader community. Valued partners in the community, including San Gabriel Valley Council of Governments (SGVCOG), Southern California Edison, other local utilities, and various agencies, such as Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), also support these policies with programs and incentives. Partnerships can more effectively help businesses and residents leverage programs and incentives to work together to reduce environmental impacts, adapt quicker to climate change, and decrease GHG emissions. As policies and programs evolve, City staff will continue to engage the community, provide progress updates, and create ongoing opportunities to solicit community feedback.

Ongoing Community Outreach and Education
As policies and programs are developed and infrastructure is constructed, ongoing community outreach and education will be imperative to meet the community’s needs. Listed below are the roles in which Monterey Park, City partners, and the community can catalyze behavioral change and monitor progress.  City of Monterey Park. The City will create educational campaigns to communicate Plan goals, progress, and incentives for implementation. Education is delivered via City Departments including Public Works, Community Development, Economic Development, the Police and Fire Departments, and Recreation and Community Services.
 Community-Based Organizations and Trusted Local Stakeholders. Local and regional organizations will help institute adoption and behavioral changes, as well as provide input to the City on community priorities and needs. Partners could potentially include organizations like Active San Gabriel Valley, Tree People, Los Angeles Unified School District, Monterey Park Chamber of Commerce, Federally Qualified Health Centers, Crescent Gateway Association, Asian Youth Center, Club Cultural Cubano, Boys & Girls Club of West San Gabriel Valley, and non-governmental organizations like the Sierra Club and the US Green Building Council-Los Angeles.  Local Businesses, Utilities, and Transit Providers. External entities and local businesses will help to develop and build new services and update skills in the marketplace to address new technologies and communicate updates and benefits to the wider community. Partners could include San Gabriel Valley Water Company, Southern California Edison, Southern California Gas, Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority, waste haulers, local developers, local businesses, and major employers.
 Monterey Park Residents. The broader community will adopt new technologies and behaviors, utilize programs and incentives, and benefit from a cleaner environment. Monterey Park residents will also communicate benefits out to friends, family, and colleagues, maximizing the “ripple effect.”

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4 City Leadership
Implementation and monitoring is central to achieving GHG reduction targets and increasing adaptation to climate change. Implementation planning involves identifying responsible parties for implementation.

Several departments within the City of Monterey Park will play a key role in the Plan’s implementation and monitoring. Responsible parties are listed and described below.

City Manager’s Office
The City Manager’s Office serves as the chief executive officer of the City under the direction of the City Council. In this capacity, the City Manager’s Office provides and oversees overall direction and coordination of City operations, continual monitoring, and evaluation of services and programming to ensure their relevance with community needs, procurement of available grant funds to achieve special projects, and new commercial and industrial development.

Community Development
The Community Development Department is comprised of the Building and Safety, Planning, and Economic Development divisions. This Department maintains the City’s physical environment through the effective and efficient use of the City’s legislative mandates, including maintaining the General Plan, zoning, and building, which provide a solid foundation for an excellent quality of life for the community.

Additionally, this Department is responsible for encouraging business investment opportunities and job creation, expanding the City’s tax base, supporting business attraction and retention activities, and assisting business building efforts through innovative and implementable approaches that advance inclusion, diversity, and accessibility.

This Department will play a key role in developing energy ordinances, efforts to update or adopt climate-friendly building codes, efforts to equitably distribute costs and benefits of climate action in the procurement of grants for GHG emissions reduction projects, and tracking and monitoring progress of the Plan.

Recreation and Community Services
The Recreation and Community Services Department is responsible for the development, implementation, coordination, and delivery of recreational and leisure time activities. The programs promote the well-being and enjoyment of life for the City’s residents through the fulfillment of their recreational, cultural, social, and educational needs. This Department will play a key role in community education and outreach, as well as partnering with community-based organizations and local utilities to ensure equitable transition to clean energy and other low emission opportunities. The Recreation and Community Services Department will also play a key role in assessing the effectiveness of current City cooling centers in serving the needs of vulnerable populations.

Public Works
The Public Works Department is responsible for providing and maintaining the City’s infrastructure in a manner that protects the health, safety, and welfare of the City’s residents and visitors. This includes the planning, design, construction, repair, and maintenance of City vehicles and equipment, and operations of public land in parks, roadways, sidewalks, public buildings, and sewer systems. This Department will play a key role in developing active transportation infrastructure, nature-based solutions to climate change (e.g., Tree Master Plan, green stormwater infrastructure), and implementing programs like the Urban Water Management Plan’s water conservation program.

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5 Finance
The Finance Department works to preserve a strong financial condition by creating responsible financial strategies, effectively managing the City’s resources, and providing analysis and recommendations that ensure optimal economic outcomes. The Finance Department also oversees and maintains the City’s information systems and communication systems. Additionally, the Housing Division of this Department administers affordable housing. The Finance Department will play a key role in identifying funding and pathways for projects outlined in the Plan’s measures and actions.

Human Resources
The Human Resources Department is responsible for personnel matters affecting all City departments.

Human Resources serves as an internal consultant helping other City departments recruit and retain the best possible workforce, onboarding, and training new employees, protecting a fair and equitable system of personnel management, and resolving employee relations problems. This Department will play a key role in community engagement training for City staff, understanding the liability of specific projects outlined in the Plan’s measures and actions and updating and monitoring the City’s rideshare policy to increase active and public transit mode share.

Library
The Library Department provides informational, educational, and recreational materials and resources in a variety of formats to meet the needs of the community. The Library Department also collects and preserves historical documents, papers, photographs, and other memorabilia. The Library additionally partners with community-based organizations to provide valuable services to members of the Monterey Park community including career resources, health programing, and legal assistance. This Department will play a key role in helping provide information for adaptation and resilience, including ways to adapt to or cope with extreme heat and other climate change education programs.

Fire
The Fire Department is responsible for providing quality emergency, preventative, and risk reduction activities to the community. Personnel are also responsible for risk identification, community specific safety education, code enforcement, increased Community Emergency Response Teams (CERT) training, and fire investigation activities. Additionally, the Fire Department is responsible for developing the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. This Department will play a key role in working with Public Works to confirm that electrification strategies are safe and equitably dispersed, as well as increasing the community’s capacity to respond effectively to emergencies and prepare for unavoidable disasters.

Police
The Police Department has the primary responsibility of providing the maintenance of social order within carefully prescribed ethical, legal, and constitutional restrictions. Its objective is the prevention of crime, detection and investigation of criminal conduct, and the apprehension of violators. This Department, in tandem with the Fire Department, will also play a key role in increasing the community’s capacity to respond effectively to emergencies and prepare for unavoidable disasters, and help to enforce safety guidelines as part of active transportation plans.

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City of Monterey Park
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6 Cost of Implementation
Anticipated cost estimates for each goal are provided as a range in The Strategy, Measure, Action matrices below. For each goal, the cost estimate focuses on both internal costs (municipal-focused) and external costs (community-focused) and provides insight into the variability of these costs. The primary variables that may affect cost effectiveness include upfront versus lifecycle costs and the cost of inaction, which are discussed further below in more detail.

Upfront versus Lifetime Costs
When evaluating how much specific initiatives cost, it is important to differentiate between the upfront costs, such as purchasing an electric vehicle, versus the lifecycle costs which include purchasing, operating, maintaining, and ultimately disposing of that vehicle. Purchasing an electric vehicle could cost more than a comparable fossil fuel powered vehicle up-front. However, the lifecycle costs of owning an electric vehicle are lower than the lifecycle costs of owning an internal combustion engine vehicle. While electric vehicles are more expensive upfront, their operating and maintenance costs are lower since they do not have fluids to replace, have fewer moving parts like transmissions, and experience less brake wear. Over 200,000 miles, operating an EV is over $8,000 cheaper than a gas vehicle. 1 This
example demonstrates the importance of considering the lifecycle costs for each goal rather than just the upfront costs.

The Cost of Inaction
One immediate example demonstrating the cost of inaction is installing conduit and panel capacity for electric vehicle chargers for all new construction. While this action increases upfront costs, the lack of such infrastructure can result in costs that are an order of magnitude higher (~$3,000). Given the move towards electric vehicles, the cost of not installing EV infrastructure today could cost the community significantly more in the future. In a similar vein, adaptation goals will cost the City and the community today. Planting trees, installing microgrids, and setting up cooling centers all have upfront costs.

However, it is important to weigh these costs against the costs of a future without these adaptive goals given what we know about the impacts from a changing climate. Research published in the journal Nature predicts the global cost of not decreasing emissions to reach carbon neutrality by mid-century could range between $149.78 trillion to $791.98 trillion by the end of the century. 2 That same study
found that if we mitigate climate change and achieve carbon neutrality by mid-century, the world could see a $127 to $616 trillion economic benefit after considering the cost of mitigation. The humanitarian impact is also significant. The Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies estimate that the number of people in need of humanitarian aid each year could double to 200 million annually by 2050 due to climate change, costing approximately $20 billion per year.
3 Furthermore, the World Resources Institute has
cited that investing in adaptation and resilience provides a benefit-cost ratio ranging from 2:1 to 10:1, meaning that for every dollar invested in resilience and adaptation, it can equate to $2 to $10 dollars’ worth of benefits.
4 1
https://thehill.com/changing-america/sustainability/energy/559971-finally-heres-the-exact-cost-of-owning-an-electric-car/ 2 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-15453-z
3 https://reliefweb.int/report/world/cost-doing-nothing-humanitarian-price-climate-change-and-how-it-can-be-avoided 4 https://www.wri.org/news/release-global-leaders-call-urgent-action-climate-adaptation-commission-finds-adaptation-can

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7 Prioritization of Funding
In general, five main principles guide how measures and future sustainability initiatives should be prioritized, which include:

1. Equity. The costs of implemen�ng policies should be equitably spread amongst the community, taking extra care to limit new costs being placed upon segments of the popula�on that are least able to shoulder them (i.e., disadvantaged and vulnerable communi�es). Where certain segments of the community will beneﬁt dispropor�onately from an ac�on, the costs should be spread accordingly.

2. Cost-Eﬀec�veness. Measure implementa�on should priori�ze cost-eﬀec�ve ac�ons, which can generate cost savings that will oﬀset the costs to those who are required to pay for its implementa�on. While some ac�ons may require some ini�al capital outlay, whenever possible, these ac�ons should generate long-term cost savings that will repay and even generate a return on investment.

3. Ability to Leverage Local Resources. Leveraging will involve using outside sources of funding to augment local resources to fund implementa�on of the Plan whenever possible. The City will seek grants, matching funds, in-kind contribu�ons, and other resources from State, Federal, and philanthropic sources to help pay for ac�ons and limit the cost to the City, residents, and businesses.

4. Mandates. As the climate change mi�ga�on and adapta�on space evolves, so will the State regulatory framework. State mandates o�en set the legal and regulatory framework within which local governments must operate. The City will priori�ze measures that align with State-based requirements for GHG emission reduc�ons, renewable energy targets, energy eﬃciency standards, and other climate-related policies.

5. Community Interests. Measures and ac�ons outlined in the Plan were informed by community interests and concerns gathered through extensive community engagement, including the City’s Going Green surveys and workshops. Monterey Park relies on community feedback to dra� and implement climate policies that are both eﬀec�ve and acceptable to residents. Addi�onally, the City understands that climate ac�on planning must consider the diﬀerent impacts climate change can have on various segments of the popula�on, especially vulnerable communi�es. Addressing these concerns can result in more equitable and just climate ini�a�ves.

These components were identified and analyzed for each of the goals during the development phase to establish a plan that can be successfully implemented over time, with the smallest burden on the community.

Implementation Cost Tiers
Making progress on the City’s 2030 GHG reduction target and 2045 reduction target will require strategic investments in infrastructure, technology systems, and policies and programs to influence behavioral change. To develop transparency around the prioritization of these investments, this technical analysis has been prepared, which details the estimated cost tiers (i.e., no-cost, low cost, moderate cost, or high cost) associated with the implementation of each of the 22 identified measures in the Sustainability Plan.

Climate action and sustainability plans exhibit variability in implementation costs depending on the measures identified, their level of specificity, and the accompanying funding and financing strategies.

For example, costs may vary from capital-intensive investments like the installation of bike infrastructure to encourage alternative means of transportation to less capital-intensive but more staff- intensive investments to conduct outreach and educational campaigns. The intent of this analysis is to

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City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
8 distill these variable considerations into a document that provides a clear understanding of the potential cost tiers and the primary variables that drive cost for each measure to help the City prioritize measure implementation.

Cost Considerations
This document considers several types of costs when assessing each measure. First, internal and external costs are considered. Internal costs are those experienced by the City (i.e., municipal costs) while external costs are those felt by the community (e.g., residents and businesses). Cost tiers for each measure are assessed separately for the City and the community. Second, the analysis considers upfront and lifecycle costs. Upfront costs include the costs associated with purchasing and installing an item.

Lifecycle costs include the costs associated with operating, maintaining, and disposing of that item, as well as the costs associated with purchasing and installing the item.

The assumptions associated with the four different cost tiers are presented in Table 1. These costs tiers are representative of current (Q1 2024) for each of the key project components. For example, policy updates and community outreach can generally be completed by City staff for a relatively low cost, while completing feasibility studies, providing incentives, and developing pilot projects will require a greater investment and will likely require time from consultants, contractors, engineers, and others as appropriate. Installing major infrastructure like bike lanes, energy storage systems, and upgrades to the EV charging network, for example, would be developed based on the findings of the feasibility studies and success of pilot projects and would likely require more significant investments in both time and money to complete. Although infrastructure upgrades and refinements often have the greatest monetary cost, they also have the greatest emissions reduction benefits by connecting gaps in networks, improving accessibility to resources and infrastructure, and creating a resilient community.

Table 1 Cost Tiers and Assumptions
Cost Tier City Cost Assumptions Community Cost Assumptions No-Cost Measures are assigned to this cost tier when they are associated with operational changes that do
not include upfront costs or lifecycle costs. An
example could include:
• Partnering with local community-based
organiza�ons to promote new ini�a�ves.

Measures are assigned to this cost tier when they
are associated with changes that do not include
upfront costs or lifecycle costs. An example could
include:
• Switching transporta�on modes from single
occupancy vehicles to ac�ve transporta�on.

Low-Cost
City: <$25,000
5 Measures associated with low upfront costs and
will only require staff time to implement, such as:
• Policy Updates
• Community Outreach
Measures associated with low upfront costs
compared to existing alternatives, such as:
• Addi�onal energy bill costs for renewable
energy compared to fossil fuel-based energy
Moderate-Cost
City: $25,001 –
750,000
Measures associated with moderate upfront costs
to the City and require moderate capital costs or
consultant time along with staff time, such as:
• Feasibility Studies
• Incen�ve and Compliance Programs
• Pilot Projects
Measures associated with moderate upfront costs
that are not comparable to existing costs nor are
offset over lifetime, such as:
• New fees
• Upfront costs par�ally oﬀset by rebate
opportuni�es
High-Cost
City:
$750,001+
Measures associated with high upfront costs and
require substantial investments into infrastructure
and technology system upgrades, such as:
• Bike Lanes
• Energy Storage Systems
Measures associated with high upfront costs that
are not comparable to existing cost nor are offset
over lifetime, such as:
• New electric vehicle purchases prior to exis�ng
vehicle replacement

5 Assuming average $100/hr City staff hourly rate and no higher than 250 hours total.

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9 • EV Charging Networks
The cost analysis and cost category for the City and community for each of the 22 measures in the Sustainability Plan are summarized in Table 4- Table 7 below.

Monitoring Timeframe and Tools
The planning process is iterative, as shown in Figure 2. As measures and actions are implemented, it is imperative to assess success by tracking emissions reductions and variables such as cost and additional benefits, as described previously in the Plan, to understand the overall impact of each measure. While the mitigation and adaptation measures outlined in this Plan have a may achieve the 2030 target, consistent with SB 32, and increase resilience to climate change, uncertainty increases over time. If Monterey Park determines that implementation of specific measures is not achieving the anticipated emissions reductions or adaptation improvements, the measure may have to be revised or replaced in order to establish a path forward to align with the State’s target of carbon neutrality by 2045.

Figure 2 Plan Implementation and Monitoring Process

To track emissions and emissions reductions, the City will complete an annual progress report using the Climate Action Planning Dashboard (CAPDash) as well as review and update the Plan every five - ten years. The City will also appoint dedicated staff responsible for monitoring and reporting on the implementation of the Plan, which will occur annually, as discussed further below under Monitoring Tool - CAPDash. This team will collaborate with stakeholders to collect data and information on the effectiveness of implemented measures and report the progress to the City Council and the public. The City Council will in turn provide oversight and guidance regarding the implementation of the Plan.

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10 Monitoring Tool – CAPDash
CAPDash is a web-based dashboard developed by Rincon Consultants, Inc. that allows Monterey Park to monitor the annual emission reductions achieved through the implementation of each measure. Clicking on the link below Figure 3 will direct you to Monterey Park’s CAPDash page, where a summary of the Plan and GHG inventory and targets can be viewed. The City will conduct annual implementation monitoring of the GHG emissions reduction measures by tracking and quantifying measure implementation status. These statuses rely on specific target metrics identified for each of the quantifiable sustainability measures and actions. By committing to annual monitoring of implementation progress and adjusting as needed, Monterey Park will effectively respond to the local and global imperative of reducing GHG emissions. In pursuing this challenge, the City will also reap the additional public health, economic growth, and other co-benefits stemming from the GHG emissions reduction measures. This strategic plan represents another significant step in the City’s dedication to a sustainable future.

Figure 3 Monterey Park’s CAPDash Dashboard

Click here to visit Monterey Park’s CAPDash
Adaptive Management
Adaptive management is an approach used in various fields, including environmental and natural resource management, that emphasizes continuous learning and flexibility. As depicted previously in Figure 2 planning involves a cyclical process of decision-making, action, monitoring, and adjustment.

This approach is crucial because it recognizes the inherent complexity and uncertainty associated with a constantly evolving field, like climate policy. By regularly evaluating outcomes and making necessary adjustments, Monterey Park can improve the effectiveness of their measures, engage stakeholders, and promote sustainable resource management. Adaptive management provides a structured framework for addressing complex issues and achieving better outcomes over time. Described in more detail below, Monterey Park will instill adaptative management into their implementation and monitoring of the Plan.

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11 Evaluating and Adjusting
To keep adaptation and mitigation progress tracking in sync, the City of Monterey Park will update the public on progress of measures and actions on the same timeline as annual updates to City Council. As mentioned above, every five to ten years, the Plan will be updated to incorporate new climate science data and projections, shifting community priorities and regulatory mandates, implementation hurdles, changes in best practice, and advances in technology. Each update to the Plan will involve engagement with the Monterey Park community. The measures and actions will be adjusted or the plan for implementation will change when the following findings are made by the City as part of their annual review. These findings use the framework from the U.S. EPA Regional Resilience Toolkit, which is a guidebook for local governments on how to increase adaptation to natural disasters:
 The measures were successfully implemented, and new priorities are needed.  Implementation is not achieving the results expected.  The measure has unintended consequences.
 Funding has changed.
 Political and/or public priorities have changed.
 New climate science data is available.
 Other significant changes in the environment or circumstances.

Adjustments do not necessarily need to be extensive, requiring a full rewrite of the Plan. For example, Measure L3-3 (Electrify existing residential buildings and implement energy efficiency improvements to reduce residential natural gas usage 15% by 2030 and 100% by 2045) promotes the retrofit of existing buildings. If the rate of retrofits, and thus GHG mitigation potential, was not keeping pace with the 2030 reduction target, the City could consider moving towards more aggressive measures for retrofit promotion and make it a requirement through building code revisions.

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12 Low Emission Development Pathway
Table 2 Strategy L1. Reduce Passenger Car Vehicle Miles Travelled (VMT) and Increase Active/Shared Transportation ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
L1-1 Develop and implement an Active Transportation Plan to achieve a 5% active transportation mode share by 2030 and 8% by 2045, prioritizing investments in disadvantaged communities.

KPI: % active transportation mode share
Sustainability Plan Policy: Promote active transportation with investments in disadvantaged communities.

L1-1a Continue to coordinate with the San Gabriel Valley Bike Plan Partner Cities to establish a target timeline and funding strategy that addresses each of the proposed projects for Monterey Park in the San Gabriel Valley Regional Bicycle Master Plan. The timeline shall outline a path that confirms a focus on improvement projects that will benefit residents living in disadvantaged communities and cost burdened households.

Ongoing Public Works Feasibility, Funding High • Consultant and staﬀ �me to conduct a feasibility
study, develop a �meline,
and prepare a funding
strategy for the San
Gabriel Valley Regional
Bicycle Master Plan
(moderate)
• Capital costs and staﬀ
�me to implement
recommenda�ons for
City’s Complete Street’s
Policy (high)
• Staﬀ �me to obtain
grants, update codes,
develop partnerships,
and perform educa�on,
engagement, and
community events (low)
• Staﬀ and consultant �me
to update the Downtown
Mixed-Use and
Pedestrian Linkages Plan,
and complete the Vision
Zero Plan (moderate)
• Infrastructure
investments to install
bikeways (high)
• Staﬀ �me to develop
new minimums for
bicycle lockers and
parking in new
developments (low)
• Staﬀ �me to complete
annual pedestrian access
audit (low)
No-cost • Cost savings of
reducing single
occupancy vehicle
use (no-cost)
• Short-term
disrup�on of
construc�on but
long-term increase
in revenue for small
business owners
(low)
L1-1b Continue implementing the City's Complete Street's Policy in all new development projects and/or require traffic calming measures in new construction and complete streets.

Ongoing Public Works Structural Change
L1-1c Coordinate with Active San Gabriel Valley (ActiveSGV) to promote the Regional Electric Bike Share Program to Monterey Park residents to increase the availability of affordable electric bicycles in the City with a focus on disadvantaged communities and cost burdened households. Research recent projects local jurisdictions and private rideshare companies (e.g., GoSGV Regional Bikeshare Program, Lime Micromobility) have implemented to increase bicycle mode share and provide last-mile mobility options for transit users. Based on the information and lessons learned from these projects, design and implement an electric bike share pilot project with SGV Transit, Metrolink, or other public or private transit providers to provide last-mile mobility options for transit users of the new transit hub.

Ongoing Community
Development
Partnerships, Structural
Change, Equity
L1-1d Continue to complete annual analysis of sidewalks in the City and aim to build new Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) -compliant sidewalks and ramps that bridge gaps, prioritizing low-income communities and areas connecting transit to services.

Ongoing Public Works Feasibility, Equity
L1-1e Conduct a survey of core transportation partners (e.g. Metro, East Los Angeles College) to determine existing Transportation Demand Management (TDM) projects and identify obstacles and opportunities to improve and expand the project.

Short Community
Development
Feasibility
L1-1f Partner with Monterey Park schools, employers, the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro), and community-based organizations such as ActiveSGV and the League of American Bicyclists to teach bicycle and pedestrian safety in schools and workplaces and to educate residents and businesses about safe route availability and the health and environmental benefits of walking, bicycling, and using public transit.

Short Community
Development,
Recreation &
Community
Services, Police,
Library
Partnership, Education
L1-1g Complete the Vision Zero Plan, which will include a Safe Routes to School Plan and Complete Streets Guideline. Short Public Works Partnerships, Structural Change
L1-1h Join ActiveSGV’s inaugural 626 Golden Streets event to promote active transportation and support Monterey Park local businesses by closing Monterey Park streets to cars for the event.

Short Public Works,
Police, Recreation &
Community Services
Partnerships,
Education
L1-1i Require the creation of plazas, outdoor dining areas, and other community gathering places in mixed use areas to support use by pedestrians
Short Community
Development
Structural Change
L1-1j Update the Downtown Mixed-Use and Pedestrian Linkages Plan. The plan update should include:
• Reevalua�on of exis�ng condi�ons, issues, opportuni�es, and constraints • Equity mobility analysis to understand barriers to accessing ac�ve transporta�on op�ons by disadvantaged and vulnerable communi�es
• Evalua�on of progress made on implemen�ng the original plan’s public and private realm recommenda�ons • Updated recommenda�ons to align with the goal to achieve an 5% ac�ve transporta�on mode share by 2030 and 8% by 2045
• An implementa�on plan including �meline, funding strategy, and outreach to implement private and public realm recommenda�ons.

Mid Community
Development
Feasibility

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City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
13 ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
L1-1k Establish bicycle lockers and bicycle parking minimums for new developments by land use type and increase safe, accessible, and convenient bicycle parking and lockers at City facilities and designated bus stops along transit corridors with a focus on areas around East Los Angeles College, as well as the proposed new transit hub.

Mid Public Works,
Community
Development
Structural Change
L1-1l Dedicate City staff time to track and apply for grant funding to complete active transportation projects in the community.

Mid Community
Development
Funding
L1-1m Identify streets and complete the required traffic studies, environmental analysis, and economic analysis to potentially close the identified streets to through traffic using bollards at regular intervals to prioritize safe walking and biking.

Mid Public Works,
Community
Development
Feasibility
L1-1n Implement the proposed Class I, Class II, and Class III bikeways for Monterey Park in the San Gabriel Valley Regional Bicycle Master Plan as funding is made available.

Mid – Long Public Works Structural Change
L1-2 Implement public and shared transit programs to achieve a 10% public transit mode share by 2030 and 15% by 2045.

KPI: % public transportation mode share
Sustainability Plan Policy: Explore the implementation of public and shared transit programs to support increased public transit usage.

L1-2a Continue working with the San Gabriel Valley Council of Governments, in partnership with Los Angeles Metro, to complete the San Gabriel Valley Transit Feasibility Study to identify feasible transit solutions that provide equitable and accessible transit services, reduce travel times, manage roadway congestion, and enhance connections to the regional/local transit networks (e.g., Cal State Los Angeles Metrolink station).

Ongoing Public Works,
Community
Development
Partnerships Moderate • Staﬀ �me to complete
the SGV Transit
Feasibility Study and
complete updates to the
Spirit Bus and Dial-A-Ride
services (high)
• Staﬀ �me to update
codes and perform
engagement (low)
• Staﬀ �me to develop
partnerships and hold
community engagement
events (low)
• Capital costs and staﬀ
�me to provide beter
bus stops (high)
Moderate • Employee cost
savings from transit
incen�ves (no-cost)
• Business costs of
implemen�ng
transit incen�ves
(moderate)
• Poten�al costs of
disincen�ve-based
policies (moderate)
• Cost savings of
reducing single
occupancy vehicle
use (no-cost)
L1-2b Continue working with transit providers to identify opportunities to collaborate on stoplight timing, transit stops, and funding opportunities.

Ongoing Public Works Partnership, Structural
Change
L1-2c Continue working with transit providers and other stakeholders to provide better bus stops with shade and seats at a minimum to help prepare for increased temperatures.

Ongoing Public Works Equity
L1-2d Conduct engagement efforts in the community with direct outreach to disadvantaged communities, cost burdened households, and residents with disabilities to understand the community’s concerns around or barriers to using public and/or shared transit.

Short Community
Development,
Public Works,
Recreation &
Community Services
Feasibility
L1-2e Establish minimums for carpool/vanpool, shuttle, and electric vehicle only parking spaces in new nonresidential development and major nonresidential redevelopment projects.

Short Community
Development
Structural Change
L1-2f Complete updates to the Spirit Bus and Dial-A-Ride services to help close the first-last mile gap and increase senior and disabled residents’ access to the on-demand micro transit service.

Mid Public Works Structural Change
L1-3 Increase mixed-use and residential densities in neighborhoods with access to transit or well-connected active transportation networks.

KPI: # of transit-adjacent, Below Market Rate (BMR) dwelling units Sustainability Plan Policy: Consider increasing mixed-use and residential densities in neighborhoods with access to transit or well-connected active transportation networks.

L1-3a Offer incentives and concessions through the density bonus ordinance for developers who incorporate affordable housing and mixed-use elements in their projects near transit.

Ongoing Community
Development
Structural Change Moderate • Staﬀ �me to develop
policies and incen�ves as
well as explore funding
opportuni�es (moderate)
• Staﬀ �me to update
codes (low)
No-cost • Increased access to
grocery stores,
services, and other
resources (no- cost)
• Cost savings of
reducing single
occupancy vehicle
use (no-cost)
• Rising housing costs
and risk of
displacement will be
oﬀset by aﬀordable
housing bonuses for
developers
(moderate)
L1-3b Explore funding opportunities for transit-oriented development (TOD) Planning, such as the Department of Transportation (DOT) Pilot Program
Ongoing Community
Development
Funding
L1-3c Revise zoning codes to encourage mixed-use development and higher residential densities in areas near transit hubs and active transportation networks to prioritize TOD.

Short Community
Development
Structural Change
L1-3d Provide incentives for developers to build denser, mixed-use projects close to public transportation nodes. Mid Community Development
Structural Change
L1-3e Identify and promote development of grocery stores in areas with limited access to healthy food (e.g., food deserts) to reduce VMT.

Mid Community
Development
Equity

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City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
14 ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
L1-4 Adjust parking standards in transit-rich and walkable neighborhoods to reduce reliance on single-occupancy vehicles.

KPI: # of parking standards/adjustments that result in reduced single-occupancy vehicle use Sustainability Plan Policy: Review parking standards in transit-rich and walkable neighborhoods to potentially reduce reliance on single-occupancy vehicles.

L1-4a Encourage shared parking arrangements among neighboring developments, where parking spaces can be used by multiple businesses or residential units at different times of the day.

Ongoing Community
Development
Structural Change Moderate • Staﬀ �me to update
standard parking
requirements and zoning
codes (low)
• Staﬀ and consultant �me
to complete analysis of
exis�ng parking
requirements (moderate)
• Staﬀ �me and cost to
launch Mul�-Modal
Mobility Ini�a�ve
(moderate)
No-cost • Long-term cost
savings by switching
to public
transporta�on (no
cost)
• Reduced cost of
housing as parking
requirements for
developers decrease
(no cost)
L1-4b Conduct a thorough review of existing parking requirements in transit-rich and walkable neighborhoods to identify areas where adjustments can be made.

Short Community
Development
Feasibility
L1-4c Analyze the specific needs and characteristics of each neighborhood to determine appropriate parking standards based on factors such as transit accessibility, nearby amenities, and existing parking demand.

Mid Community
Development
Feasibility, Equity
L1-4d Collaboratively launch a “Multi-Modal Mobility Initiative” that is led by the City and includes community members, community-based organizations, and other interested parties to study transit accessibility and prepare parking standards in transit-rich and walkable neighborhoods.

Mid Community
Development,
Public Works
Partnership
L1-4e Implement reduced parking ratios for residential and commercial developments in transit rich and walkable neighborhoods, reflecting the lower need for parking due to alternative transportation options.

Mid Community
Development
Structural Change
L1-4f Modify zoning codes to allow developers to provide low or no parking if they can demonstrate that alternative transportation options are available, provide electric car share, or increase affordable housing.

Mid Community
Development
Structural Change
L1-4g Consider implementing paid parking for off street and City-owned parking that reflects demand, such as higher rates during peak hours or discounted rates for carpools and electric vehicles. Use revenues for active transportation and transit projects.

Long Community
Development
Funding
L1-5 Reduce City employee commutes by encouraging use of alternative transportation options and teleworking opportunities.

KPI: % of City employees that commute using active, public, or shared transportation Sustainability Plan Policy: Encourage City Employees to explore alternative transportation options and teleworking opportunities to potentially reduce their commutes.

L1-5a Continue to revise and promote the City’s Rideshare Policy to provide enhanced incentives (e.g., discounted transit passes, discounted bike-sharing memberships) for City staff to carpool, use public transit, and actively commute to work.

Ongoing Public Works,
Finance, Human
Resources
Funding Moderate • Staﬀ �me and cost to
revise and promote
rideshare incen�ves
(low)
• Staﬀ �me and materials
to provide educa�onal
materials, build
partnerships, and
develop ﬁnancial
incen�ves (moderate)
• Staﬀ �me to develop the
comprehensive
teleworking policies,
update the performance
metrics, and evaluate
need for increased
bicycle storage (low)
• Staﬀ �me and capital
cost to install bicycle
ameni�es, including bike
storage and lockers
(moderate)
• Infrastructure costs to
install public electric
vehicle chargers (high)
No-cost N/A – measure
relates to municipal
operations and does
not have a community
cost.

L1-5b Partner with an entity such as the Broadband Consortium of the Pacific Coast (BCPC) and or surrounding jurisdictions to prepare a Broadband Plan that includes the following to support remote work and hybrid work schedules:
• A robust inventory of current broadband assets (e.g., conduit, ﬁbers, antennas, poles, towers, abandoned or ac�ve facili�es, and other relevant infrastructure) in the public right-of-way. • Though�ul community engagement
• A conceptual network design, ﬁnancial assessment, organiza�onal structure, and program details Short Public Works,
Human Resources,
Finance
Feasibility, Partnership
L1-5c Implement flexible work hours for eligible employees to allow them to avoid peak traffic times and utilize less congested travel periods.

Short Human Resources Structural Change
L1-5d Establish performance metrics and track employee commuting behaviors and teleworking rates through the City’s teleworking policy to enable the City to monitor progress and make necessary adjustments.

Short Finance, Human
Resources
Structural Change
L1-5e Review and update the comprehensive teleworking policies that enable eligible employees to work from home or remote locations, reducing the need for daily commuting.

Short Human Resources Structural Change
L1-5f Evaluate the demand for increased bicycle storage, showers, and changing rooms at City buildings and facilities to support employees who cycle to work. Based on results of the evaluation, install bicycle amenities in City buildings and facilities, where needed, to support employees who cycle to work.

Mid Public Works Structural Change

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City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
15 Table 3 Strategy L2. Increase the Adoption of Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEVs) ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
L2-1 Expand electric vehicle infrastructure equitably to increase passenger ZEV adoption to 25% by 2030 and 100% by 2045.

KPI: % passenger ZEV adoption
Sustainability Plan Policy: Consider expanding electric vehicle infrastructure to encourage greater passenger ZEV adoption, with a focus on disadvantaged communities.

L2-1a Allow for the granting of ZEVs access to preferred parking spaces in new private parking lots, where it is logical, feasible, and not cost-prohibitive.

Ongoing Community
Development
Structural Change High • Staﬀ �me to update
policy accordance with
AB 1236 (low)
• Upfront cost to purchase
a ZEV instead of internal
combus�on engine
vehicle and oﬀ-road
equipment with lifecycle
cost savings (moderate)
• Infrastructure
investments to install
chargers (high)
• Staﬀ �me to develop the
Electric Vehicle (EV)
Readiness Plan, perform
engagement and
educa�on, and develop
partnerships (moderate)
• Staﬀ �me to assess
feasibility of and prepare
ordinance (low)
Low Upfront cost of zero-
emission vehicle
ownership compared to
internal combustion
engine ownership (i.e.,
potential higher purchase
price) with lower
operating costs)
(moderate)
L2-1b Maintain a streamlined permitting processes for EV charging infrastructure in accordance with AB 1236. Ongoing Community Development
Structural Change
L2-1c Work with the CPA to incentivize Level 2 EV charger installations in multi-family properties through their partnership with California Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Project (CALeVIP). Promote incentives through direct outreach to multi- family property owners.

Short Community
Development
Funding
L2-1d Develop an Electric Vehicle (EV) Readiness Plan to increase publicly accessible EV charging infrastructure in the community and support the transition to ZEVs. The plan should include:
• An EV feasibility study to assess charging infrastructure needs, including poten�al access issues for residents and visitors who may lack access to overnight charging.
• A priori�zed list of loca�ons for 365 new publicly accessible Level 2 and Level 3 (DC Fast Charging) EV charging sta�ons with considera�on for equitable distribu�on of chargers to renters, residents of mul�-family homes, cost burdened households, and disadvantaged communi�es. Include loca�ons for Level 2 charging where residents make extended stops and loca�ons for Level 3 charging (DC Fast Charging) for residents without access to overnight charging and for highway travelers.
• A �meline and funding strategy (including public-private partnership approach) to install the 365 new publicly accessible chargers by 2030.

Short Community
Development,
Public Works
Feasibility
L2-1e Work with SCE to promote their Pre-Owned Electric Vehicle Rebate program to Monterey Park residents, including members of disadvantaged communities and cost burdened households to support the purchase of EVs. Include information on the benefits of pre-owned EVs and steps to determining current battery range.

Short Community
Development
Funding, Equity
L2-1f Coordinate with community-based organizations, local agencies, and non-profits to conduct ZEV education events for residents and targeted events for members of disadvantaged communities and cost burdened households that would engage the community to evaluate the barriers to ZEV adoption, promote information on the costs and benefits of owning ZEVs, and promote steps on how to receive incentives for ZEVs (including those offered by SCE and CPA along with the California Electric vehicle Rebate Project and South Coast Air Quality Management District [SCAQMD]).

Short Community
Development

Education
L2-1g Develop culturally appropriate, multi-lingual outreach and education materials and distribute to local businesses, property owners, and developers on the financial (e.g., new funding streams), environmental, and health and safety benefits of ZEVs. Provide information on available funding opportunities.

Mid Community
Development
Education
L2-1h Become a supporting partner for the Los Angeles Cleantech Incubator’s (LACI) Transportation Electrification Partnership to accelerate ZEV adoption through regional collaboration and public-private partnerships. Work with the Transportation Electrification Partnership to fund an EV charging pilot in a multi-family affordable housing site and/or disadvantaged community.

Long Community
Development
Partnerships
Funding
L2-1i Consider adopting an EV reach code requiring new commercial and multi-family construction to meet or exceed Tier 2 CalGreen EV charging requirements.

Long Community
Development
Feasibility
L2-1j Consider adopting an ordinance that requires any parking lot upgrades including adding parking spaces or modifying lighting to add EV charging infrastructure.

Long Community
Development
Structural Change
L2-2 Increase commercial ZEV adoption to 25% by 2030 and 100% by 2045.

KPI: % commercial ZEV adoption
Sustainability Plan Policy: Explore options to increase commercial ZEV adoption over time.

L2-2a Identify commercial fleets belonging to small and minority-owned businesses that will need assistance to transition to ZEVs. Work with organizations such as LACI and SCE to provide technical assistance and funding.

Mid Community
Development
Equity, Partnership Moderate Low Upfront cost of zero-
emission vehicle

Page 401 of 525 ends

City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
16 ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
L2-2b Provide commercial vehicle fleet operators educational material on the benefits of ZEVs (e.g., fuel cost savings through networked charging and current availability of ZEVs ahead of State mandates), steps to the City’s streamlined permitting process, and compiled information on potential funding opportunities.

Mid Community
Development
Education • Staﬀ �me to evaluate
licensing fee and
perform educa�on (low)
• Capital costs to install
ZEV chargers (moderate)
• Staﬀ �me to engage ﬂeet
operators and provide
support (low)
• Staﬀ �me to perform
engagement and
educa�on and develop
partnerships (low)
ownership compared to
internal combustion
engine ownership (i.e.,
higher upfront costs but
lower operating costs)
(moderate)
L2-2c Partner with the CPA or similar agency to support incentives for Level 2 EV charger installations in business and commercial properties through their partnership with CALeVIP or similar programs. Promote incentives through direct outreach to property owners, including property owners renting to small and minority-owned businesses.

Mid Community
Development
Funding, Education.

Partnership
L2-2d Work with large fleet operators like LA County, SoCal Gas, SCE, and the Community College to identify opportunities to electrify their fleets and see where the City can provide support.

Mid Community
Development
Partnership
L2-3 Convert 100% of the City’s on-road vehicle fleet to ZEV by 2030.

KPI: % of City’s on-road vehicle fleet that is fully electrified Sustainability Plan Policy: Consider electrifying a significant portion of the City’s on-road vehicle fleet and off-road equipment in the coming years.

L2-3a Develop a replacement schedule and EV charging infrastructure plan to electrify 100% of the City’s on-road vehicles by 2030. The schedule should be based on an assessment of the City’s current fleet, available ZEV alternatives, and Advanced Clean Fleet requirements. The EV charging infrastructure plan should consider capacity needs of both the City ZEV fleet and employee ZEVs used for commuting.

Short Public Works Feasibility High • Staﬀ �me to conduct feasibility study,
formulate a schedule,
develop transi�on plan,
and obtain funding
(moderate)
• Staﬀ �me to update
policy (low)
• Infrastructure costs to
install chargers and
transi�on ﬂeets (high)
No cost N/A – measure relates to
municipal operations and
does not have a
community cost.

L2-3b Pursue funding from programs such as the Clean Vehicle Rebate Project and the Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Program to increase procurement of ZEVs and installation of EV charging infrastructure. Additionally, explore opportunities for Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) credit generation from use of low-carbon fuels/electricity for fleet vehicles.

Short Public Works Funding
L2-3c Utilize municipal fleet electrification to promote ZEVs to the community, including the commercial sector. Highlight steps for planning and procurement as well as any cost-savings and noise benefits experienced.

Short Community
Development
Education
L2-3d Consider adopting an electrification first policy that would require all new City vehicles to be all-electric unless a technological or life cycle cost hurdle is identified.

Mid Community
Development,
Public Works
Structural Change
L2-3e Develop educational materials that are shared on the City website and included in flyers as appropriate to advertise the zero-emission characteristics of public transit vehicles that highlight the GHG emission reduction benefits and versatility of electric and zero-emission vehicles.

Mid Public Works Education
L2-4 Transition 10% of off-road equipment to zero-emission alternatives by 2030 and 100% by 2045.

KPI: % of community off-road equipment that produce zero emissions Sustainability Plan Policy: Investigate the transition of a portion of off-road equipment to zero-emission alternatives, with a gradual approach toward full adoption.

L2-4a Develop and enforce small off-road equipment (SORE) guidelines in alignment with California Air Resources Board’s (CARB) goals encouraging that at time of replacement, zero-emission landscape equipment be used starting in 2025 and portable generators be zero-emissions by 2029.

Short Community
Development, Fire
Structural Change Moderate • Staﬀ �me to develop
guidelines and perform
outreach (low)
• Consultant and staﬀ �me
to conduct a commercial
ﬂeet inves�ga�on and
iden�fy opportuni�es for
adop�ng municipal
policy for contractor
priori�za�on (moderate)
• Capital costs and staﬀ
�me to develop SORE
guidelines (moderate)
Low Upfront cost of
equipment (i.e., higher
upfront costs but lower
operating costs)
(moderate)
L2-4b Identify major commercial off-road equipment fleets in Monterey Park, fleets with highest decarbonization potential, fleets in disadvantaged communities, and fleets belonging to small- and minority-owned businesses that will need targeted support to transition.

Short Community
Development
Feasibility, Equity
L2-4c Partner with SCAQMD to identify funding opportunities to encourage residents to replace gas- and diesel-powered off-road equipment with zero-emission equipment (i.e., electric alternatives or renewable diesel use) with a focus on procedural equity.

Short Community
Development
Funding, Partnership
L2-4d Develop an off-road Equipment Replacement Outreach Campaign that provides information to contractors, residents, and fleet operators in Monterey Park on off-road equipment decarbonization. Information should include equivalent zero-emission alternatives to fossil-fueled off-road equipment, public health and safety benefits of zero-emission off- road equipment, and funding opportunities available (i.e., SCAQMD funding, Clean Off-Road Equipment Voucher Incentive Program [CORE]).

Mid Community
Development
Education

Page 402 of 525 ends

City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
17 ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
L2-4e Consider adopting a municipal policy to prioritize contractors who use electric or zero carbon equipment in their contracts.

Mid Public Works,
Finance, City
Manager’s Office
Structural Change
L2-4f Require all off-road equipment replacements be all-electric by 2030. Where not technologically or financially feasible, evaluate the opportunity to use renewable biodiesel as a drop-in fuel for traditionally diesel-powered equipment.

Long Community
Development
Structural Change

Page 403 of 525 ends

City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
18 Table 4 Strategy L3. Decarbonize Community and Municipal Building Energy ID Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
L3-1 Transition 100% of Citywide electricity consumption to renewable or carbon-free energy sources by 2025 and maintain through 2045.

KPI: % of Citywide electricity consumption that is from renewable or carbon-free energy Sustainability Plan Policy: Explore the transition of a significant portion of City electricity consumption to renewable or carbon-free energy sources.

L3-1a Adopt an ordinance by 2025 approving the Joint Powers Agreement for Clean Power Alliance of Southern California (CPA), authorizing the implementation of a Community Choice Aggregation Program, and making 100% Green Power the default choice for community accounts in the City by automatic enrollment.

Short Community
Development
Structural Change Low • Consultant and staﬀ �me
to prepare and adopt
ordinance (low)
• Staﬀ �me to build
partnerships and
perform outreach,
engagement, and
educa�on (low)
Low Upfront cost of slightly
higher utility bills for all
household; however, SCE
rebates are available to
assist cost burdened
households
L3-1b Support an equitable transition to renewables by partnering with community-based organizations (CBO) to provide equitable, culturally appropriate information to cost burdened households about special rates and programs such as the California Alternate Rates for Energy and Family Electric Rate Assistance (CARE/FERA) Program discounts and the CPA’s Power Share, Medical Baseline, Level Pay, and Summer Discounts programs.

Short Community
Development
Partnership, Equity,
Education, Funding
L3-1c Partner with the CPA to implement existing educational campaigns, including tabling at community events, establishing informational resources on the City’s website, regularly posting on social media, and developing energy bill inserts, to highlight the benefits and cost-competitiveness of 100% renewable energy.

Short Community
Development
Education
L3-1d Work with the CPA to maintain an opt-out rate of 3% or less by conducting an annual analysis of opt-out rates in the City and analyzing why residents and businesses opt out of the CPA. Include targeted outreach to cost-burdened households to identify barriers to remaining with the CPA.

Short Community
Development,
Structural Change,
Equity, Feasibility
L3-2 Electrify or otherwise decarbonize 100% of new buildings by 2025.

KPI: % of new buildings that are fully electrified or decarbonized Sustainability Plan Policy: Consider options for electrifying or decarbonizing new buildings.

L3-2a Conduct a cost effectiveness and feasibility study to analyze the impact of adopting an electrification ordinance for all-new construction to inform future consideration of an ordinance.

Short Community
Development
Feasibility Moderate • Consultant and staﬀ �me
to conduct cost-
eﬀec�veness and
feasibility study
(moderate)
• Staﬀ �me to develop
partnerships and
perform outreach,
engagement, and
educa�on (low)
• Staﬀ �me to prepare
standards and permit
requirements, and any
future ordinances (low)
No-cost • Upfront cost savings of
building all-electric
homes and buildings
(no-cost)
• Long-term energy bill
savings (no-cost)
L3-2b Establish and streamline standards and permit requirements for electrification-related installations and battery storage systems to allow for easier implementation of these technologies in Monterey Park. Include targeted outreach to disadvantaged communities and cost-burdened households to identify barriers related to electrification.

Short Community
Development
Structural
Change, Equity
L3-2c Partner with SCE to offer educational sessions on cooking with electric appliances during community events like the Farmers' Market, or other public events that have the infrastructure to support these demonstrations.

Short Recreation &
Community
Services,
Community
Development
Education, Partnership
L3-2d Work with partners to connect developers with zero-carbon building designers, incentives, and other support. Short Community Development
Funding
L3-2e Identify and partner with local community-based organizations, such as Maravilla Foundation, with connections to disadvantaged communities and cost burdened households to conduct culturally appropriate, multi-lingual outreach to identify and analyze equity concerns with an electrification ordinance for all-new construction to inform future consideration of an ordinance.

Short Finance Partnerships, Education,
Equity
L3-2f Establish partnerships with organizations such as the Building Decarbonization Coalition, CPA, Southern California Regional Energy Network (SoCalREN), the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, and the Los Angeles Cleantech Incubator (LACI) to engage with local interested parties from the building industry to evaluate the feasibility of adopting an electrification ordinance for all-new construction and inform future consideration of an ordinance.

Mid Community
Development
Partnership, Feasibility
L3-2g Consider adopting a zero-carbon preferred ordinance which requires new construction which utilizes natural gas to meet higher efficiency and design standards than zero carbon buildings.

Mid Community
Development
Structural Change

Page 404 of 525 ends

City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
19 ID Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
L3-3 Electrify existing residential buildings and implement energy efficiency improvements to reduce residential natural gas usage 15% by 2030 and 100% by 2045.

KPI: % reduction of existing residential building natural gas usage Sustainability Plan Policy: Investigate electrifying existing residential buildings and implementing energy efficiency improvements to reduce residential and natural gas usage.

L3-3a Partner with stakeholders such as SoCal Gas, SCE, CPA, and SoCal REN to establish and promote funding pathways to ease community costs for electric appliances and tools, electrification retrofits, and panel upgrades through:
▪ Federal and state grants/subsidies (e.g., High-Efficiency Electric Home Rebate program for cost burdened households)
▪ Inflation Reduction Act rebates and tax credits
▪ Linking electrification to existing weatherization programs ▪ Regularly review funding pathways for procedural equity and work with interested parties to improve the distribution of the funding to household cost burdens.

Short Community
Development
Partnership, Funding,
Equity
Moderate Consultant and staﬀ �me to
conduct cost analysis and
develop a residen�al
building electriﬁca�on
strategy (moderate)
Staﬀ �me to develop
partnerships and perform
outreach, engagement, and
educa�on (low)
Staﬀ �me to adopt air
condi�oning unit ordinance
and develop incen�ve
program (moderate)
Staﬀ �me to partner and
develop electriﬁca�on
concierge service (moderate)
Capital costs and staﬀ �me
for complete neighborhood
electriﬁca�on pilot (high)
Staﬀ �me to create and
maintain water heater loan
program (high)
Staﬀ �me to prepare any
future ordinances and/or
renova�on checklists (low)
Moderate Long-term energy bill
savings (no-cost)
Addi�onal cost from
installa�on of electric
appliance compared to
installa�on of natural gas-
powered appliance
(moderate)
L3-3b Partner with an organization such as SCE or SoCalREN to provide free electrification assessments to rental and multi-family properties to provide recommendations for electric upgrades and funding opportunities.

Short Fire Partnerships, Equity,
Education, Funding
L3-3c Conduct targeted outreach to rental and multi-family property owners to distribute information about available electrification assessments, retrofit incentives, and long-term benefits associated with electrification and weatherization.

Short Fire Education
L3-3d Partner with a local business to create and manage a water heater loan program where residents who are replacing their natural gas-powered water heaters with electric-powered water heaters can borrow or rent a working natural gas water heater for a specified period of time (e.g., three weeks) to use during any electrical panel upgrades that may be required to install an electric water heater. Residents’ participation in this program could signify the initiation of the permit request process and serve as a mechanism to support thoughtful residential transition.

Consider expanding the loan program to induction stoves as well.

Short Community
Development
Partnership
L3-3e Utilize the City’s existing program, Accela, to track permits for existing building electrification. Short Community Development
Structural Change
L3-3f Explore a partnership with non-profit organizations to implement a solar installation program for cost burdened households.

Short Community
Development
Partnership, Funding,
Equity
L3-3g Develop a residential building electrification strategy with a detailed existing building analysis and electrification costs analysis to understand cost implications and identify potential equity concerns/impacts. Develop equitable strategies and recommended standards for residential building electrification such as those that increase energy efficiency and tenant protections. Identify and partner with local community-based organizations with connections to disadvantaged communities and cost burdened households to conduct intentional, thoughtful, and specific culturally appropriate and multi-lingual outreach during development of the electrification strategy to understand the community’s concerns and needs around electrification. During the electrification strategy development process, engage the community to evaluate the feasibility of adopting a time of replacement electrification ordinance in the future for HVAC and water heaters.

Mid Community
Development
Feasibility, Equity
L3-3h Organize workshops or webinars in collaboration with SCE and local community-based organizations to offer homeowners and rental property owners’ clear explanations of electrification benefits, covering topics such as energy efficiency, reduced carbon footprint, cost savings, and improved indoor air quality. Showcase real-life examples of Monterey Park homeowners and multi-family properties who have successfully transitioned to partially or fully electrified residences. These case studies could emphasize energy savings, increased comfort, and positive experiences with electric appliances like heat pumps and induction stoves.

Mid Community
Development
Partnership, Education
L3-3i Consider adopting an ordinance that requires all new air conditioning units to be “two-way” air conditioners (heat pumps) which efficiently provide both heating and cooling.

Mid Community
Development
Structural Change
L3-3j Consider adopting a renovation checklist which encourages all new major renovations (e.g., 50% or more of the property area renovated) to complete energy efficiency, electrification, or weatherization measures which have been demonstrated to be cost effective.

Mid Community
Development
Structural Change
L3-3k Work with the Monterey Park Housing Authority and private parties to identify an affordable housing electrification pilot project leveraging the Inflation Reduction Act and other funding sources and act as a guide to other existing buildings.

Mid Finance Partnership, Funding

Page 405 of 525 ends

City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
20 ID Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
L3-3l Work with stakeholders in the region to develop and promote a decarbonization concierge service which connects residents and building owners to technical expertise and incentives to accelerate zero carbon retrofits.

Mid Community
Development
Partnership, Funding
L3-3m Develop an incentive program to allow for equitable electrification of buildings. Identify and implement a pilot project for electrification of a complete neighborhood composed of cost burdened households and affordable housing.

Long Community
Development
Partnership, Funding,
Equity
L3-4 Electrify existing commercial buildings and implement energy efficiency improvements to reduce commercial natural gas usage by 10% by 2030 and 100% by 2045.

KPI: % reduction of commercial residential building natural gas usage Sustainability Plan Policy: Evaluate electrifying existing commercial buildings and implementing energy efficiency improvements to reduce commercial natural gas usage.

L3-4a Use municipal electrification efforts to promote the benefits and feasibility of electrification to the commercial sector. Promote municipal building electrification efforts on the City’s website and at City permit counters with information on costs, timescale, and utility bill savings for each project.

Short Community
Development
Education Moderate Staﬀ �me to develop
partnerships, and perform
engagement, outreach, and
educa�on (low)
Create ini�a�ves and
recommended standards for
retroﬁ�ng commercial
buildings (low)
Staﬀ �me to assess
feasibility of a building
performance standard
(moderate)
Capital costs and staﬀ �me
to develop the incen�ve
program (moderate)
Moderate Long-term energy bill
savings (no-cost)
Addi�onal cost from
installa�on of electric
appliance compared to
installa�on of natural gas-
powered appliance
(moderate)
L3-4b Develop a strategy to support commercial building electrification, including initiatives and recommended standards for retrofitting commercial buildings, prioritizing appliance replacements, and avoiding expansion of natural gas infrastructure.

Mid Community
Development
Structural Change
L3-4c Conduct engagement efforts for the commercial sector during development of the building electrification strategy to understand potential concerns and barriers to commercial electrification and educate commercial property owners on the potential cost savings and other benefits of electrification. Include targeted outreach to small businesses and minority-owned businesses to understand potential equity concerns with commercial electrification during the strategy development process.

Mid Community
Development
Feasibility
L3-4d Conduct focused interviews with commercial property owners to evaluate the feasibility of adopting a commercial building electrification ordinance to ban the expansion of natural gas infrastructure and require appliance replacements to be all-electric, where technologically feasible. Include interviews specifically with small and minority-owned businesses.

Mid Community
Development
Feasibility
L3-4e Track annual progress on commercial building electrification through Accela, the City’s permit tracking program. Mid Community Development
Structural Change
L3-4f Work with organizations such as CPA, SCE, and SoCalREN to implement and promote commercial electrification rebates and financing opportunities. Regularly review the incentives for procedural equity and promote them to small and minority-owned businesses through targeted outreach.

Mid Community
Development
Partnerships
Funding
Equity
L3-4g Partner with the chamber of commerce, or similar entity, to inform and facilitate electrification for commercial business owners.

Mid Community
Development
Partnerships
L3-4h Monitor opportunities to develop a regional building performance standard similar to those required by the State of California and the Los Angeles Existing Buildings Energy and Water Efficiency Program to benchmark buildings over 25,000 square feet.

Mid-Long Community
Development
Structural Change
L3-4i Require retro-commissioning of covered buildings in the building performance standard program after three years of reporting.

Mid-Long Community
Development
Structural Change
L3-4j Work with the local community college to pilot commercial decarbonization strategies including replacement of rooftop package units, boilers, pool heaters, and other gas appliances with zero carbon alternatives.

Long Community
Development
Education
L3-4k Provide tax breaks, transfer tax rebates, or other incentives for commercial buildings which fully decarbonize. Long Community Development
Funding
Measure L3-5: Increase local renewable energy generation and storage to increase resilience during power shutoffs and from climate hazards.

KPI: New renewable energy generation and storage capacity (MW) Sustainability Plan Policy: Examine the possibility of increasing local renewable energy generation and storage to enhance resilience during power shutoffs and climate hazards.

L3-5a Coordinate with SCE, CPA, and/or other community partners to support and incentivize local, on-site energy generation and storage. This could include:

Connec�ng home and business owners, par�cularly those in disadvantaged and vulnerable communi�es and cost burdened households, to incen�ves for renewable energy and storage projects.

Promo�ng installa�on of storage technology in concert with renewable energy infrastructure through mul�-lingual educa�on programs, outreach, and informa�on provided via City pla�orms.

Short Community
Development
Partnership, Equity Moderate Staﬀ �me to update
standards and permit
requirements (low)
Staﬀ �me to assess
feasibility of ordinance
(moderate)
Moderate to
High
Long-term energy bill
savings of renewable
energy genera�on (no-
cost)
Infrastructure costs of
batery installa�on (i.e.,

Page 406 of 525 ends

City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
21 ID Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
Working with the CPA to bring community solar to disadvantaged communi�es in the City.

Working with SCE to promote the self-genera�on credit and other ﬁnancial assistance programs Capital costs and staﬀ �me
to develop the incen�ve
program (moderate)
Staﬀ �me to prepare any
future ordinances (low)
costs not covered by
funding opportuni�es)
(high)
L3-5b Conduct engagement efforts to the commercial sector to identify ways the City can support commercial battery storage installations.

Mid Community
Development,
Public Works
Feasibility
L3-5c Provide educational materials and workshops to large commercial developers and large business property owners on the benefits of microgrids and energy resilience. Provide resources to identify opportunities for solar installations and/or battery storage on site.

Mid Community
Development
Education
L3-5d Conduct a study to develop pre-approved plans and guidelines to streamline permitting for battery storage installations within the City by pre-approving certain design standards.

Mid Community
Development,
Public Works
City Attorney
Structural Change
L3-5e Consider adopting a PV (photovoltaic, i.e., solar) Ordinance incentivizing newly constructed and majorly renovated (e.g., 50% or more of the property area renovated) multi-family and commercial buildings to install PV systems and storage that meet minimum requirements of Tier 2 Voluntary Standards under CalGreen.

Mid Community
Development
Structural Change
L3-6 Electrify or otherwise decarbonize all municipal buildings and facilities by 2035.

KPI: # of fully electrified or decarbonized municipal buildings Sustainability Plan Policy: Consider electrifying or decarbonizing all municipal buildings and facilities.

L3-6a By 2025, develop a plan to electrify or otherwise decarbonize all municipal buildings which will include:

An inventory of exis�ng fossil fuel-powered building equipment, available electric or zero/low-carbon alterna�ves for replacing each, and relevant costs and beneﬁts of replacing each (e.g., lifespan, equipment costs, opera�onal quality).

A schedule for comple�on based on poten�al to reduce natural gas and propane usage.

Short Community
Development
Feasibility High Consultant and staﬀ �me to
conduct an electriﬁca�on
feasibility study for
municipally owned facili�es
as well as a replacement
schedule (moderate)
Consultant and staﬀ �me to
develop an electriﬁca�on
ﬁrst policy (moderate)
Staﬀ �me to develop
partnerships (no cost)
Staﬀ �me to evaluate and
implement Public Energy
Performance program and
iden�fy/install an all-electric
municipal pilot project
(moderate)
Capital costs associated with
increased Clean Power
Alliance par�cipa�on
(moderate)
Infrastructure investments
to install energy storage
systems and pilot project
(high)
No-cost N/A – measure relates to
municipal operations and
does not have a
community cost.

L3-6b Develop and adopt an electrification or alternative fuel first policy for all new municipal buildings and facilities starting in 2025.

Short Public Works Structural Change
L3-6c Develop and adopt an electrification first policy for Capital Improvement Projects (CIP) whenever feasible to electrify existing municipal buildings and facilities.

Short Public Works Structural Change
L3-6d Opt-up 100% of municipal accounts to CPA’s 100% Green Power energy option by 2025. Short Public Works Structural Change L3-6e Identify a municipal building to pilot an all-electric retrofit and energy efficiency improvement project. Partner with CLEAResults, or a similar entity, to track the change in energy usage and utility bill costs before and after the retrofit through their Public Energy Performance (PEP) program. Use the retrofit results as an electrification case study for commercial sector electrification.

Mid Public Works Feasibility, Education
L3-6f Partner with SCE or a similar entity to evaluate the on-site energy generation and storage capacity needs at City buildings and facilities to back up critical loads during an outage as the City’s fleet and employee’s vehicles are electrified.

Mid Public Works Partnerships
L3-6g Review the potential to adopt a zero-carbon requirement for all new municipal buildings which requires new municipal buildings to be all-electric or otherwise zero carbon.

Mid Public Works Structural Change
L3-6h Implement the building electrification plan (Action L3-6a) to electrify or otherwise decarbonize all municipal buildings by 2035.

Mid - Long Public Works Structural Change

Page 407 of 525 ends

City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
22 Nature Based Development Pathway
Table 5 Strategy N1. Water Conservation
ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
N1-1 Reduce per capita water consumption by 10% by 2030 and 20% by 2045 compared to the 2020 baseline.

KPI: % reduction of per capita water consumption
Sustainability Plan Policy: Consider reducing per capita water consumption with the aim of achieving long-term reductions compared to the 2020 baseline.

N1-1a Continue to implement the Urban Water Management Plan water conservation programs and enforce the Water Conservation Regulations Ordinance.

Ongoing P ublic Works Structural Change Low Staﬀ �me to con�nue partnerships and educa�on
(low)
Water bill savings from
conserva�on (no-cost)
Capital costs and staﬀ �me
to implement water
conserva�on strategies at
City facili�es, enforce
ordinances, and create
incen�ves (high)
No-cost Water bill savings from
conservation (no-cost)
N1-1b Analyze the current irrigation control systems used at parks and City-owned land and modernize at least three irrigation controllers each year, as needed, to reduce water usage and maximize watering efficiencies, upgrading systems throughout the entire City by 2030.

Ongoing Public Works Feasibility, Structural
Change
N1-1c Implement a culturally appropriate and multi-lingual public education campaign that highlights water conservation practices and provides demonstrations of graywater and rainwater systems. Educational materials should include technical and financial resources for water-wise gardening practices, including steps to landscape with plants and trees that are drought tolerant or water-efficient, provide habitat for wildlife, produce food, treat stormwater, and/or offer shade, as well as low-flow appliances and leakage repairs. Partner with community-based organizations to distribute resources to cost burdened households and rental property owners.

Short Public Works Education, Equity
N1-1d Install a new Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) system in the next four years that will include easy-to-use web- based tools that allow customers to track and monitor water use. Promote the availability of Home Water Reports and provide materials on how to utilize the available information.

Short Public Works Structural Change
N1-1e Consider adopting an ordinance to require new developments to use onsite water reuse systems – like greywater and blackwater systems – for non-potable uses like toilet flushing and irrigation.

Mid Community
Development
Structural Change
N1-1f Explore funding opportunities to provide residents with turf replacement rebates to incentivize drought tolerant landscaping and water conservation efforts
Mid Community
Development
Funding
N1-1g Review the building and plumbing code requirements for multi-faucet showers and update the design standards to incorporate water-saving measures, aligning with or exceeding the latest regulations and standards in new construction projects or major upgrades.

Mid Community
Development
Structural Change
N1-1h Review City’s water efficient landscaping ordinance to ensure consistency with state requirements. Short Community Development
Structural Change
N1-2 Reduce municipal water consumption by 30% 2030 and 40% by 2045.

KPI: % reduction of municipal water consumption
Sustainability Plan Policy: Explore options to gradually reduce municipal water consumption over time.

N1-2a Track utility bill savings from these water conservation actions and dedicate budget saved to water conservation efforts in disadvantaged communities and for cost burdened households.

Ongoing Community
Development
Funding, Equity High Staﬀ �me to track u�lity bill
savings (low)
Capital cost for turf and
lawn removal and
installa�on of smart
irriga�on systems in City
parks (high)
Staﬀ �me to build
partnerships (low)
Staﬀ �me to complete a
water use audit, evaluate
City facility runoﬀ, and
educate the community
(moderate)
No-cost N/A – measure relates to
municipal operations and
does not have a
community cost.

N1-2b Remove non-functional turf and ornamental lawns at City-owned facilities, along City-owned roadways, and in medians, and replace with native and drought tolerant landscaping with enough coverage to provide shade and reduce heat absorption.

Ongoing Public Works Structural Change
N1-2c Install smart irrigation systems in all City parks and track water use by location quarterly to understand trends and identify opportunities to further reduce water use.

Short Public Works Structural Change
N1-2d Complete a water use audit by 2026 to identify areas of high-water use and potential leaks in City buildings and facilities along with opportunities to install low-flow fixtures.

Short Public Works Feasibility
N1-2e Evaluating City facility runoff to be diverted from City roof drains into planters and landscaped items. Short Public Works Structural Change N1-2f Partner with surrounding jurisdictions and local water providers to identify and implement innovative solutions to saving water in City buildings and facilities that have been successful in similar jurisdictions and can be implemented at City Hall to be used as a demonstration project for commercial and/or residential building owners.

Short Community
Development,
Public Works
Partnership
N1-2g Utilize the City’s native and drought tolerant landscaping and rain barrels to educate the community on ways to reduce water consumption through signage at these features and community events at these locations.

Mid Community
Development
Education

Page 408 of 525 ends

City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
23 ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
N1-3 Increase resilience to drought-induced water shortages or changes in utility rate structure.

KPI: Completion of a feasibility study for a local recycled water system Sustainability Plan Policy: Investigate strategies to enhance resilience to potential drought-induced water shortages or fluctuations in utility rate structures.

N1-3a Support the San Gabriel Valley Municipal Water District to seek funding to bring recycled water lines and infrastructure to the City.

Short Public Works Funding Moderate Materials and supplies to engage the community (low)
Staﬀ �me to secure funding
(low)
Staﬀ �me to conduct a
feasibility study and a risk
evalua�on (moderate)
No-cost N/A
N1-3b Conduct a feasibility study for developing a local recycled water system to diversify water supply. Short Public Works Feasibility N1-3c Upon the next update to the Urban Water Management Plan, review the historical record to identify the longest recorded drought and consider a similar drought length in the UWMP analysis. To avoid inequitable outcomes, engage directly with low-income households with high utility burdens during water rate structure changes processes.

Mid Finance Structural Change, Equity
N1-3d In collaboration with SCE, conduct a study evaluating the risk of power outages impacting the City’s water treatment facilities and pump stations. Determine if the City has adequate backup water supply in case of regional water supply disruptions and share the results of the analysis with the project team, community, and interested parties.

Mid Public Works Partnership, Education

Page 409 of 525 ends

City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
24 Table 6 Strategy N2. Urban Greening
ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
N2-1 Increase number of trees in Monterey Park by planting 50 annually through 2045.

KPI: # of trees planted
Sustainability Plan Policy: Consider gradually increasing the number of trees in MPK, with annual tree planting initiatives.

N2-1a Continue to develop a Tree Master Plan to identify City's potential capacity for new tree planting, identify a timeframe for implementation and provide a management plan for existing trees. The Tree Master Plan should consider carbon sequestration potential and extreme heat and how tree canopy can reduce the urban heat island effect. It should also identify opportunities for placing vegetative barriers between busy roadways and developments to reduce exposure to air pollutants from traffic.

Ongoing Public Works Feasibility, Funding Moderate Staﬀ �me to develop a Tree Master Plan (moderate)
Staﬀ �me to educate the
community and build
partnerships to promote
tree-plan�ng (moderate)
Staﬀ �me and cost to adopt
a Greenscaping Ordinance
(moderate)
Capital cost of plan�ng trees
(moderate)
Lifecycle cost of tree
maintenance (low)
No-cost Property value
apprecia�on from
increased tree canopy
(no-cost)
Poten�al energy bill
savings from tree shade
(no-cost)
N2-1b Promote tree-planting in disadvantaged communities through City-led initiatives to educate the community on the benefits of urban canopy and improve local air quality and reduce heat impacts using shade trees and drought- tolerant plants.

Short Public Works Structural Change, Equity,
Education
N2-1c Partner with a community-based organization or entity such as California State University, Los Angeles (Cal State LA) to create a map of locations in the City that are managed as open space or park land and establish a prioritized list of areas needing upgrades or enhancements with focus disadvantaged communities and areas with lower-than- average tree canopy coverage
Short Public Works Feasibility, Equity,
Partnership
N2-1d Consider adopting a Greenscaping Ordinance that has a street tree requirement for all zoning districts; has a shade tree requirement for new development; requires greening of parking lots with appropriate sized tree wells; and increases permeable surfaces in new developments.

Mid Community
Development,
Public Works
Structural Change
N2-1e Identify and map additional public spaces that can be converted into greenspace, including underutilized parking, vertical walls, and available rooftops.

Mid Public Works Feasibility
N2-2 Increase green infrastructure to augment stormwater capacity during peak rain events.

KPI: Completion of a green infrastructure pilot project Sustainability Plan Policy: Explore options to enhance green infrastructure with the aim of improving stormwater capacity during peak rain events.

N2-2a Continue providing educational programing for the community at City events on stormwater pollution reduction efforts.

Ongoing Public Works Education High Enhanced staﬀ �me to manage new development
(moderate)
Capital costs to expand
permeable surfaces,
bioswales, or other
stormwater management
strategies (high)
Staﬀ �me to amend the
City’s ordinance, prepare a
Stormwater Master Plan,
and evaluate code
requirements (moderate)
No-cost Water bill savings from
reduced losses (no-cost)
N2-2b Evaluate the Monterey Park Municipal Code requirements regarding hillside development and consider recommending changes to further reduce landslide risk, including managing peak stormwater runoff flows, impacts from increased runoff volumes associated with projected climate change conditions, and site design development standards.

Short Community
Development
Equity
N2-2c Continue to regularly inspect most at risk locations, directly following major storm or atmospheric river events. Ongoing Public Works Feasibility N2-2d Distribute educational materials to tenants and homeowners at highest risk of stormwater flooding that includes technical and financial resources to retrofit their properties for flooding.

Short Community
Development
Partnership
N2-2e Revise the City's stormwater ordinance to prioritize low-impact stormwater best practices for private development, with a specific emphasis on incorporating native plants and habitat restoration measures.

Short Community
Development, Public
Works
Funding
N2-2f Continue to prepare a Stormwater Master Plan to identify grey and green infrastructure improvements to the stormwater system considering precipitation rates projections based on climate change. Update the Stormwater Master Plan as needed.

Mid Community
Development, Public
Works
Structural Change
N2-2g Continue to identify funding and explore developing a pilot project using permeable surfaces for street gutters and City-owned parking lot, incorporating vegetation, soil, and engineered systems to slow, filter, and cleanse stormwater runoff
Mid Public Works Education

Page 410 of 525 ends

City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
25 Table 7 Strategy N3. Experiences in Nature
ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar City Cost Tier City Cost Variables Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
N3-1 Foster positive opportunities for the Monterey Park community to engage with the natural world.

KPI: Development of multi-lingual educational programs that encourage residents to visit local natural ecosystems and utilize local hiking trails Sustainability Plan Policy: Foster positive opportunities for the Monterey Park community to engage with the natural world.

N3-1a Review and identify funding opportunities to update and maintain a tracking mechanism to regularly evaluate biodiversity in the City.

Ongoing Community
Development
Funding Low Staﬀ �me to build
partnerships (no cost)
Staﬀ �me to review and
iden�fy funding
opportuni�es (low)
No-cost Improved experience of
existing green spaces
(no-cost)
N3-1b Work with Trails LA County and to design and implement a multi-lingual and educational program that invites all residents to visit the local natural ecosystems and utilize the local hiking trails, with an emphasis on targeting cost burdened households and disadvantaged community members.

Short Recreation &
Community
Services
Education, Equity
N3-1c Partner with researchers and students at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to utilize the Biodiversity Atlas of Los Angeles to understand best practices on how to track, interpret, update, and maintain data associated with biodiversity throughout the City.

Short Community
Development
Partnership, Education
N3-1d Provide a direct link on the City’s website to the Biodiversity Atlas of Los Angeles in addition to any updated biodiversity inventories, which should be completed regularly. Establish a portal that provides citizen scientists the ability to participate in reporting and tracking species.

Short Community
Development
Education
N3-1e Partner with local school districts (Alhambra, Garvey Ranch, Montebello, La County), community-based organizations, and other interested parties to create and implement an educational campaign to ignite the curiosity of elementary school-aged children and introduce them to the benefits of the urban forest. As part of this program, work with a local nursery to identify and provide free or discounted appropriate and cost-effective California native plants/trees that can be both planted in the ground or remain potted for students living in rental/multi-family homes.

Mid Community
Development
Partnership, Structural
Change

Page 411 of 525 ends

City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
26 Circular Development Pathway
Table 8 Strategy C1. Promote Reuse, Repair, and Recovery ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
C-1 Align with SB 1383 requirements by procuring recovered organic waste products annually in alignment with the CalRecycle requirements for use in the City.6 KPI: Tons of recovered organic waste products procured
Sustainability Plan Policy: Explore the procurement of recovered organic waste products for potential use in the City, consistent with SB 1383 (2016).

C1-1a Establish a new program to deliver compost to local schools and community organizations. Expand free compost giveaways to residents, local urban farmers, and other organizations. Track the success of the program based on tons of compost given away and promote the program on the City’s website and through the City’s social media channels.

Short Public Works Structural Change Low Staﬀ �me and cost to expand the community
educa�on program (low)
Staﬀ �me to update City
website and adjust park
hours (low)
Staﬀ �me to update the
zoning ordinance and City
educa�on programs (low)
Low Community time to
participate in outreach
programs (low)
C1-1b Using established education materials from RecycleMore and other organizations, provide outreach and education to resident groups, community gardens, and commercial landscapers in Monterey Park on the benefits of using recovered organic waste products.

Short Public Works Education
C1-1c Partner with large composting operations in close proximity to the City, to provide recovered organic waste products to the community at cost-effective rates.

Short Public Works, City
Manager’s Office
Partnership
C1-1d Investigate the opportunity to participate in a regional compost trading program to help meet organic waste procurement goals. Consider collaborating and exploring options through the California Compost Coalition.

Mid Public Works,
Community
Development
Feasibility,
Partnerships
C1-1e Use financial grants and assistance from CalRecycle to fund the purchase of organic end products. Focus effort on projects in disadvantaged communities or for cost burdened households.

Mid Public Works Funding, Equity
C1-2 Reduce community waste generation by increasing repair and reuse by residents and businesses in the community.

KPI: # of community-based repair and reuse workshops
Sustainability Plan Policy: Promote the reduction of community waste generation by encouraging residents and businesses to participate in repair and reuse practices.

C1-2a Continue digitizing City processes by increasing online document formats to reduce paper use. Ongoing A ll City Departments
Structural Change Moderate Staﬀ �me to partner with
organiza�ons and develop a
City cooling center
assessment, energy grid
protocols, and tree canopy
evalua�on (moderate)
Staﬀ �me and cost to
expand community
educa�on programs and SCE
or CPA programs to subsidize
costs (low)
Staﬀ �me and cost to
support microgrids
(moderate)
Staﬀ �me and cost to assess
cool pavement applica�on
(moderate)
Staﬀ �me to update
ordinance (low)
No-cost Long-term cooling
benefits for vulnerable
communities (no-cost)
C1-2b Continue providing educational recycling programming to Monterey Park schools through EcoHero. Ongoing P ublic Works Funding C1-2c Provide sustainable purchasing trainings for department purchasing representatives to enforce Admin Policy 20-02 of the General Plan.

Short Public Works Structural Change,
Education
C1-2d Partner with local businesses nonprofits, East Los Angeles College, and community-based organizations to organize regular workshops where local experts teach residents hands-on repair skills for common items like clothing, bicycles, small appliances, and electronics.

Short Community
Development,
Recreation &
Community
Services
Education, Partnership
C1-2e Develop an online directory listing local repair businesses and relevant professionals, making it easier for residents to find repair services.

Short Community
Development
Education
C1-2f Organize annual upcycling challenges where participants creatively repurpose discarded materials into new, functional items, or local artists and designers create functional art pieces using reclaimed materials.

Short Public Works,
Recreation &
Community
Services
Partnership

6 The current requirements are for 4,830 tons of recovered organic waste products annually, and it is anticipated that that will increase during the 2025 CalRecycle update.

Page 412 of 525 ends

City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
27 Table 9 Strategy C2. Reduced Landfilled Waste
ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
C2-1 Meet SB 1383 organics and recycling requirements, reducing landfilled organic waste 75% by 2025 and 100% by 2045.

KPI: % reduction of landfilled organic waste
Sustainability Plan Policy: Consider aligning with SB 1383 (2016) organics and recycling requirements, aiming to progressively reduce landfilled organic waste.

C2-1a Work with the approved waste hauler to provide adequate and frequent assessments of customers’ landfill, recycling, and organics containers to reduce contamination in compliance with SB 1383. Expand assessments as needed to meet SB 183 goals.

Ongoing Public Works Partnership Moderate Staﬀ �me to update municipal procurement policies, support the
County, establish educa�on and
outreach programs, and develop
partnerships (low)
Capital costs and staﬀ �me to
provide compost bins, monitor bill
increases, and develop incen�ve
programs (moderate)
Low cost Fee on single-use
items (low)
Cost savings from
increase in repair and
reuse (no-cost)
C2-1b Continue and enhance educational campaigns to ensure all residents are separating landscaping waste, food scraps, and 100% fiber based, food-soiled paper into their green organics container per Monterey Park’s recent mandatory organics recycling program. Circulate multi-lingual food scrap collection flyers to residents.

Ongoing Public Works Education
C2-1c Provide free compost bins and kitchen-top food waste containers to members of disadvantaged communities, cost burdened households, and senior citizens to increase participation in organics recycling program.

Short Community
Development
Equity
C2-1d Develop zero-waste educational programs and workshops for residents that include how to:

Reduce food waste at the source through meal planning, por�on control, and beter food storage prac�ces Compost at home with widely accessible tools and vessels Troubleshoot common compos�ng issues, such as poten�al odors or pests Eﬃciently apply and incorporate compost into soil
Mid Public Works,
Recreation &
Community
Services
Education
C2-1e Partner with LA Compost or a similar organization to provide a compost collection booth at the weekly Farmer's Market.

Mid Public Works Partnership
C2-2 Align with the SB 1383 requirement to divert 20% of edible food from the landfill by 2025 and provide to food insecure community members.

KPI: % reduction of diverted edible food from landfill
Sustainability Plan Policy: Strive to meet or surpass the SB 1383 requirements of diverting edible food from the landfill to support food-insecure community members.

C2-2a Complete an audit of commercial edible food generators to ensure the maximum amount of edible food that would otherwise be disposed of is being recovered, and that proper contracts or written agreements with food recovery organizations and services are in place, using CalRecycle’s model edible food recovery agreement as a guide.

Ongoing Public Works Feasibility Moderate Staﬀ �me to complete an audit of commercial edible food generators
and implement tracking system
(moderate)
Staﬀ �me to build partnerships
expand food recovery
infrastructure (moderate)
Capital costs for adding bins in
public areas (moderate)
Staﬀ �me and materials to launch
campaigns (low)
No-cost N/A
C2-2b Implement systems to track and document food recovery efforts, including the amount of food diverted and the beneficiaries reached; regularly measure progress and outcomes, and adjust strategies as needed to achieve or exceed the SB 1383 target.

Ongoing Public Works Structural Change
C2-2c Continue partnership with San Gabriel Valley Council of Governments (SGVCOG) Regional Food Recovery Program and work to expand food recovery hubs and increase Monterey Park’s food recovery capacity and infrastructure.

Ongoing Public Works Partnerships
C2-2d Launch public awareness campaigns to educate residents, businesses, and food producers about the environmental and social benefits of reducing food waste and diverting surplus food to those in need. Promote the currently available food donation resources (FoodDrop, FoodOasis, FoodFinders, etc.).

Mid Public Works,
Community
Development
Education
C2-3 Reduce residential and commercial inorganic sent to landfills by 5% by 2030 and 10% by 2045.

KPI: % reduction of landfilled residential and commercial inorganic waste Sustainability Plan Policy: Closely assess ways to reduce residential and commercial inorganic waste sent to landfills over time, with an aim to achieve gradual reductions.

C2-3a Promote and circulate free bulky item and e-waste collection guidelines to residents from approved waste haulers via virtual flyers or social media campaigns. Similarly, promote the free monthly household hazardous and e-waste collection events held in conjunction the County of Los Angeles.

Ongoing Public Works Education Moderate Staﬀ �me to develop and adopt new ordinances related to waste
reduc�on and promote e-waste
collec�on guidelines (moderate)
Staﬀ �me to con�nue partnerships
and prepare educa�on (low)
Low Additional cost of
product replacement
with sustainable
alternatives (low)
C2-3b Consider adopting an ordinance banning the use, distribution, and sale of polystyrene food service ware within the City.

Mid Public Works,
Community
Development
Structural Change
C2-3c Consider adopting an ordinance that requires any regulated entity in the City to only sell or distribute utensils, stirring sticks, or straws made from materials which are acceptable by the City's organics collection program and only upon a customer's request for any of those items.

Mid Public Works,
Community
Development
Structural Change

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City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
28 ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
C2-3d Consider adopting an ordinance that requires food or beverages served for consumption on the premises of any regulated entity to only be served on or in food service ware that is reusable.

Long Public Works,
Community
Development
Structural Change

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City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
29 Resilient Development Pathway
Table 10 Strategy R1. Extreme Heat Resilience
ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
R1-1 Educate the community about the dangers of heat exposure and identify financial and technical resources to reduce impacts of extreme heat on the community.

KPI: # of climate change related community education programs and campaigns Sustainability Plan Policy: Educate the community about the dangers of heat exposure and identify financial and technical resources to reduce impacts of extreme heat on the community.

R1-1a Expand the community education program related to low-cost mechanisms to reduce the impact of extreme heat on the community, especially on the most vulnerable members of society (i.e., children, older adults, disadvantaged communities, and those with chronic health conditions made worse by heat exposure), and review grant opportunities to fund and implement.

Ongoing Public Works,
Community
Development,
Recreation &
Community
Services, Library
Funding, Equity,
Education
Low Staﬀ �me and cost to
expand the community
educa�on program (low)
Staﬀ �me to update City
website and adjust park
hours (low)
Staﬀ �me to update the
zoning ordinance and City
educa�on programs (low)
Low Community time to
participate in outreach
programs (low)
R1-1b Incorporate links and multi-lingual references on the City website and incorporate interpretive signage at transit facilities, parks, and community centers providing education on heat related illness and personal care steps.

Short Recreation &
Community
Services, Public
Works
Structural Change, Equity
R1-1c Update existing City-run educational programs and campaigns to incorporate information regarding potential health effects of climate change, particularly associated with worsening air quality and extreme heat days, and personal care steps and financial resources.

Short Community
Development
Education
R1-1d Analyze and adjust Parks and Recreation Program hours to discourage outdoor programming during peak warm periods and program outdoor activities in shady areas.

Short Recreation &
Community
Services
Feasibility, Structural
Change
R1-1e Update Monterey Park’s design guidelines for mixed use zoning districts to allow awnings, canopies, arcades and/or colonnades that can encroach into required setbacks and public sidewalk areas to create shade for pedestrians.

Mid Community
Development
Structural Change
R1-2 Reduce exposure of the community to extreme heat through a combination of cooling centers, low-cost cooling resources, building weatherization, and increased energy resilience.

KPI: # of cooling centers in the community; # of buildings in the community with enhanced building envelopes (e.g., cool roofs, cool walls) Sustainability Plan Policy: Reduce exposure of the community to extreme heat through a combination of cooling centers, low-cost cooling resources, building weatherization, and increased energy resilience.

R1-2a In partnership with community-based organizations, conduct an assessment on the effectiveness of current City cooling centers in serving the needs of vulnerable populations by evaluating ease of access, current amenities, and resources available at the cooling centers, and number of visitors.

Ongoing Library, Recreation
& Community
Services
Partnership Moderate Staﬀ �me to partner with
organiza�ons and develop a
City cooling center
assessment, energy grid
protocols, and tree canopy
evalua�on (moderate)
Staﬀ �me and cost to
expand community
educa�on programs and SCE
or CPA programs to subsidize
costs (low)
Staﬀ �me and cost to
support microgrids
(moderate)
Staﬀ �me and cost to assess
cool pavement applica�on
(moderate)
Staﬀ �me to update
ordinance (low)
No-cost Long-term cooling
benefits for vulnerable
communities (no-cost)
R1-2b Continue to partner with CPA, SCE, and emergency management services to establish backup power and energy grid shutdown protocols that protect the most vulnerable populations (e.g., older adults, individuals with chronic health conditions, children, individuals with disabilities).

Ongoing Fire, Public Works Partnership
R1-2c Assess all City park and recreational facilities to evaluate availability of tree canopy, shade structures and materials with low solar gain to evaluate usability on high heat days and ability to reduce heat retention.

Short Public Works Feasibility
R1-2d Build on the existing City of Los Angeles cool pavement pilot projects, as well as other cool pavement projects and determine if and where it would be viable in Monterey Park.

Short Public Works Feasibility
R1-2e Conduct a pilot project of cool pavement application at one location in a neighborhood with a high number of socially vulnerable populations, those with less resources to deal with stressors like extreme heat, as identified in the Climate Vulnerability Assessment.

Short Public Works Structural Change,
Education, Equity
R1-2f Increase outreach and education around SCE or CPA programs that subsidize cooling costs and back-up power devices for low-income households.

Short City Manager’s
Office
Education
R1-2g Update zoning ordinance to include density bonuses, expedited permitting, or reduced fees for multi-family and mixed-use developments to install cool roofs or cool walls. Provide under-resourced populations with incentives such as expedited permitting or reduced fees to decrease barriers associated with installing cool roofs.

Mid Community
Development
Structural Change
R1-2h Install on-site battery storage at City’s cooling centers to mitigate service disruptions and provide redundancy in the event of a power outage. Regularly replace air filters.

Mid Public Works Structural Change

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City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
30 ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
R1-2i Support development of community-serving microgrids and prioritize areas with high social vulnerability. Mid Community Development
Structural Change

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City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
31 Table 11 Strategy R2. Climate Change Preparedness
ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
R-2 Increase capacity to respond effectively to emergencies and prepare for unavoidable disasters.

KPI: # of targeted outreach education programs or campaigns regarding the Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program Sustainability Plan Policy: Evaluate capacity to respond effectively to emergencies and prepare for unavoidable disasters.

R2-1a Regularly reevaluate existing plans, policies, and procedures regarding response to large-scale hazardous materials emergencies, including the potential for spill during transport within and through the City, and identify necessary steps to improve City preparedness.

Ongoing Fire, Police, Public Works Structural Change Moderate Staﬀ and/or consultant �me to evaluate hazardous materials
emergencies plans, develop
emergency early warnings
system, and update the Garvey
Reservoir Emergency Ac�on Plan
(moderate)
Staﬀ �me and material to build
partnerships and educa�on
materials to raise awareness on
CERT program (low)
Staﬀ �me to work with local and
small businesses (low)
Low Community time
to participate in
outreach
programs (low)
R2-1b Continue to partner with the Los Angeles County Health Department and Office of Emergency Management to develop and enhance disaster and emergency early warning systems to incorporate objective data and information for potential health threats such as heat-illness, and illnesses complicated by low air quality due to climate change hazards.

Ongoing Fire Partnership
R2-1c Continue to inform residents about the Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program and the Neighborhood Watch program by disseminating information in English, Spanish, and Traditional Chinese.

Ongoing Fire, Police Education
R2-1d Continue to coordinate with local utility providers, including electricity, water, internet, and phone service providers, to confirm service reliability is consistent during emergencies.

Ongoing Public Works Feasibility
R2-1e Coordinate with Metropolitan Water District to maintain and regularly update the Garvey Reservoir Emergency Action Plan which details procedures to be implemented in the unlikely event of a dam failure.7 Short Fire, Public Works Equity
R2-1f Assist local and small businesses in planning for continuity of operations and emergency preparedness. Short Fire, Community Development
Partnership
R2-ig Implement a multi-lingual early warning mass notification system by conducting a comprehensive assessment of communication infrastructure, selecting an appropriate notification platform, and establishing clear protocols for disseminating timely and accurate information during emergencies. Integrate seamless integration with various communication channels and regularly conduct drills to test the effectiveness of the early warning system to enhance overall preparedness and response capabilities.

Short Fire, Community
Development
Structural Change
R2-2 Increase the ability of the City and its residents to adapt to climate change impacts.

KPI: Development of virtual adaptation hub on City website; # of adaptation hub webpage views and shares Sustainability Plan Policy: Evaluate the ability of the City and its residents to adapt to climate change impacts.

R2-2a On the City’s website, develop a virtual resilience hub that provides residents with education information on Monterey Park specific projected climate impacts, community vulnerabilities, and adaptation programming and resources including resilience hub locations and preparedness guides and trainings.

Ongoing Fire, Community
Development
Education Moderate Staﬀ �me to develop a virtual
hub, update educa�on programs,
and host community workshops
(moderate)
Staﬀ �me to implement City’s
Climate Change Vulnerability
Assessment (moderate)
Staﬀ �me to develop a clean air
program (moderate)
Low Community time
to participate in
outreach programs
(low)
R2-2b Update existing City-run educational programs and campaigns to incorporate information regarding potential health effects of climate change, particularly associated with worsening air quality and extreme heat days, and personal care steps.

Ongoing Public Works, Recreation
& Community Services,
Library, City Manager’s
Office
Education
R2-2c Host a community workshop focused on identifying and addressing key climate-related issues impacting disadvantaged communities.

Short Community
Development, Recreation
& Community Services
Education, Equity
R2-2d Implement the City’s Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment and work with the Environmental Commission to steer the implementation in a direction that continues to make an equitable impact in the community.

Short Fire Structural Change,
Equity
R2-2e Complete and implement the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) to minimize the impact from disasters. Short Fire, Sustainability Staff Structural Change R2-2f Complete an evaluation of areas to invest in sustainable backup power sources to provide redundancy and continued services for critical facilities during periods of high demand during extreme heat events or possible outages because of safety power shut offs and power outages from extreme precipitation events and include future projects as part of the capital improvement program.

Mid Public Works, Fire Structural Change
R2-2g Utilize the development review process to require that new large-scale projects incorporate best practices to mitigate the impacts of climate change through conditions of approval.

Mid Planning Structural Change
R2-2h Work with the South Coast Air Quality Management District to provide information on existing clean air programs Mid Community Development, Public
Works
Education

7 https://www.mwdh2o.com/media/5kdobnnv/garvey-reservoir-rehabilitation-project-initial-study.pdf

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City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
32 ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
R2-2i Utilize the complete streets checklist for project design considerations for capital projects to incorporate consideration of climate change impacts as part of planning and operation.

Mid Public Works Structural Change

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City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
33 Equitable Development Pathway
Table 12 Strategy E1. Foster Community Engagement
ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar City Cost Tier City Cost Variables Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
E1-1 Conduct meaningful community engagement on implementation of sustainable development projects and foster community-led decision-making.

KPI: # of participants in City workshops and meetings. Specifically, members of disadvantaged communities, people who live in cost-burdened households, people of color, limited English-speaking persons, residents with children, and those without access to private vehicles Sustainability Plan Policy: Conduct meaningful community engagement on implementation of sustainable development projects and foster community-led decision-making.

E1-.1a Increase participation of members of disadvantaged communities, people who live in cost-burdened households, people of color, limited English-speaking persons, residents with children, and those without access to private vehicles in City workshops and meetings. Strategies to accommodate these community members could include providing virtual attendance opportunities for all events, locating events in targeted communities, timing events outside of work hours, and providing child-friendly options at the events.

Ongoing Community
Development
Structural Change Moderate Staﬀ �me to conduct
outreach with local schools
and other stakeholders and
provide educa�on on
incen�ves (low)
Materials and supplies for
outreach and educa�on
(low)
Staﬀ �me to develop
partnerships with tribes
and develop sustainable
project scopes (low)
Capital costs to provide
new or expanded incen�ves
(moderate)
No-cost Community members
would invest time in
participating in
community engagement
workshops (No-cost)
E1-1b Incorporate community outreach plans into grant applications to secure funding for meaningful community engagement.

Ongoing Community
Development
Funding
E1-1c Establish a formal consultation policy with local tribes, such as Gabrieleno Band of Mission Indians - Kizh Nation and Gabrielino Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council, to increase tribal involvement in the scoping, development, adoption, and implementation of sustainable projects above and beyond the requirements of Assembly Bill 52.

Short Community
Development
Structural Change
E1-1d Train City staff that engage directly with the community on the process of continual learning, how to identify and improve community power dynamics, and meeting people where they are.

Short Community
Development, Human
Resources
Education
E1-1e Track community participation in City sustainability workshops and meetings by key demographic factors (e.g., income, race, language spoken, private vehicle access, children) and use results to monitor progress and update the guidelines and policies as needed.

Short Community
Development
Structural Change
E1-1f Partner with local school districts (Alhambra, Garvey Ranch, Montebello, LA County) and youth groups (e.g. Junior Friends, Boys & Girls Club) to keep the Youth Advisor positions on the City’s Environmental Commission filled with active young leaders.

Short Public Works Partnership
E1-1g Establish community engagement guidelines, or a set of principles and strategies, to facilitate effective and respectful communication and collaboration with community members. Key aspects of community engagement guidelines could include transparency, inclusivity, and responsiveness, with an aim to build trust and actively involve all community members in decision-making processes.

Mid Community
Development, City
Manager’s Office
Structural Change, Equity
E1-2 Increase access to technical, financial, and educational resources to facilitate community implementation of sustainable practices.

KPI: Development of sustainability resource center on City webpage; # of resource webpage views and shares Sustainability Plan Policy: Consider increasing access to technical, financial, and educational resources to facilitate community implementation of sustainable practices.

E1-2a Strive to produce all sustainability-related engagement, outreach, and promotional materials in multi-lingual and culturally appropriate formats to reach all Monterey Park community members more effectively.

Ongoing Community
Development
Structural Change High Staﬀ �me to develop
partnerships (no cost)
Staﬀ �me and capital costs
to construct a sustainability
resource center, create a
webpage, track results, and
secure funding (high)
No-cost Increased access to
sustainability resources
(no-cost)
E1-2b Partner with the ELAC and local community-based organizations (e.g. Chinatown Service Center, Asian and Pacific Islander Forward Movement [APIFM]) to support translation of engagement, outreach, and promotion material.

Short Community
Development
Partnerships
E1-2c Create a sustainability resource center that connects community members to building electrification, ZEV, energy efficiency, water efficiency, waste reduction/diversion information, building weatherization information, contractors, and financial rebates and resources. Create a webpage on the City’s website for the resource center and a hotline to respond to community members’ inquiries.

Short Community
Development
Structural Change,
Education
E1-2d Pursue funding for the sustainability resource center from community partners and private partners (e.g., SCE). Short City Manager’s Office Funding E1-2e Track use of the sustainability resource center by key demographic factors (e.g., income, race, language spoken, private vehicle access, number of children) and use results to monitor progress and update resources as needed to reach the most vulnerable members of the community.

Mid Community
Development
Feasibility, Equity

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City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
34 Table 13 Strategy E2. Promote and Activate Equitable Spaces ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
E-2 Increase affordable housing opportunities that connect residents to community services and improve quality of life.

KPI: % of cost-burdened households
Sustainability Plan Policy: Promote affordable housing opportunities that connect residents to community services and improve quality of life.

E2-1a Increase cost burdened households’ access to healthy foods by continuing to partner with community-based organizations (e.g., Young Women’s Christian Association), schools, and regional governments to bring food pantries, food pick-up sites, community kitchens, and farmers markets to areas with vulnerable community members and areas with limited access to affordable, healthy food (e.g., food deserts).

Ongoing Recreation &
Community
Services
Structural Change Moderate Staﬀ �me to develop
partnerships with tribes and
develop sustainable project
scopes (low)
Time allocated to training
staﬀ on community
educa�on and workshop
facilita�on (moderate)
Capital costs and staﬀ �me
to develop principles and
strategies to facilitate
communica�on between
community members and
local partners such as
schools (moderate)
Low cost Community members
would invest time in
participating in
community engagement
workshops (no-cost)
E2-1b Continue to partner with local community-based organizations (e.g. Maravilla Foundation) to educate and provide funding to cost burdened and overcrowded households to reduce indoor exposure to pollutants, toxins, and safety hazards including mold, toxic gases, air pollutants, and fall hazards.

Ongoing Community
Development
Partnerships, Funding
E2-1c Update local codes to streamline the approval process for affordable housing sites in higher-density and transit-rich areas consistent with the Housing Element implementation strategies. Updates could include allowing affordable housing on property zoned for public facilities, or adopting up-zoning policies that permit multiple dwelling units on property zoned for single-family only housing.

Short Community
Development
Structural Change
E2-1d Work with affordable housing advocacy groups to conduct a general educational campaign to increase the community’s understanding of affordable housing and promote the positive impacts it has on the community.

Short Community
Development
Education
E2-1e Connect developers to organizations such as the Southern California Association of Non-Profit Housing (SCANPH) that provide networking, education, and funding for affordable housing development in the region.

Short Community
Development
Education
E2-1f Consider joining the Los Angeles County Affordable Housing Solutions Agency (LACAHSA) to work on regional affordable housing planning and action.

Short Community
Development
Partnerships, Equity
E2-2 Improve health outcomes by providing residents with equitable access to public spaces and health services.

KPI: Acres of parkland per 1,000 residents
Sustainability Plan Policy: Evaluate health outcomes by providing residents with equitable access to public spaces and health services.

E2-2a Promote the inclusion of recreation facilities, gardens, and usable open spaces in multi-unit housing and rehabilitation projects to developers.

Ongoing Community
Development
Equity High Capital costs and staﬀ �me
to create a sustainability
center and webpage for
resources (high)
Staﬀ �me to develop
partnerships and perform
mul�-lingual educa�on,
engagement, and
community events (low)
Low cost Community members
would invest time in
participating in
community engagement
workshops (no-cost)
E2-2b Continue to promote the use of City parks and facilities for physical activity, through organized activities as well as spontaneous opportunities, and provide recreation programs in a variety of locations to increase participation by different segments of the community.

Ongoing Recreation &
Community Services
Structural Change,
Education
E2-2c Incorporate access to healthcare services as a factor in public and shared transit program studies and improvements to Metro’s, Spirit Bus’, and Dial-A-Ride’s transit services (see Strategy L1-2). Support the efforts of health providers to reach residents with limited access to health care due to lack of insurance, financial difficulty, mobility limitations, language barriers, or lack of familiarity with the health care system.

Ongoing Public Works,
Recreation &
Community
Services, Recreation
& Community
Services, Library
Feasibility, Partnership
E2-2d Coordinate with health providers and schools to organize neighborhood events offering free or low-cost health screening, mobile services, and other resources for community members with limited access to healthcare.

Ongoing Recreation &
Community
Services, Library
Partnership
E2-2e As part of the upcoming Parks Master Plan, provide an easily accessible inventory of all open space in Monterey Park (e.g., parks and public lands, forested areas, playgrounds, community gardens, etc.) to help enhance stewardship of open space.

Short Public Works Education
E2-2f Study opportunities to create new natural areas in existing open spaces, parklands, and fields with native species, biodiverse ecology, and improved recreational connectivity for the community.

Mid Public Works Feasibility
E2-2g Explore funding opportunities for equitable access to outdoor spaces, such as grants from CA Department of Parks & Recreation or the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

Mid Recreation &
Community Services
Funding

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City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
35 ID # Action Time Frame Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
E2-3 Encourage community garden programs at schools, non-profit organizations, and religious entities to increase urban access to local food and greenspaces.

KPI: # of community garden programs
Sustainability Plan Policy: Encourage community garden programs at schools, non-profit organizations, and religious entities to increase urban access to local food and greenspaces.

E2-3a Identify potential sites for community gardens by assessing vacant privately-owned property. Work with the County tax assessor’s office to gather private landowner information and initiate discussions around using proposed site as a space for community gardens. Identify community partners to maintain and manage garden sites.

Short Community
Development
Feasibility Low Staff time to support an
off-site community garden
program (low)
Low –
moderate
Community resources and
�me to establish,
maintain, and support
community garden
program (moderate)
Long-term savings for
disadvantaged
communi�es and greater
access to food-secure
areas (no-cost)
E2-2b Consider implementing a program to enable community groups to utilize and maintain privately owned lots and transform them into community-serving public spaces, such as community gardens.

Mid Community
Development
Structural Change
E2-3c Provide resources on the City website to assist interested groups in developing gardens. Provide information on nonprofit organizations that support community gardens by shouldering responsibilities such as providing basic insurance, access to water, outreach and educational programs for gardeners.

Mid Recreation &
Community
Services
Structural Change
Partnerships, Education
E2-3d Evaluate zoning code and consider amendments to allow community gardens. Mid Community Development
Structural Change
E2-3e Help identify locations for community gardens in disadvantaged communities and areas with limited access to greenspaces or healthy food (e.g., food deserts).

Long Recreation &
Community
Services
Equity

Page 421 of 525 ends

City of Monterey Park
Sustainability Plan – Implementation Program
36 Table 14 Strategy 3. Build a Strong, Connected Community ID # Action Timeframe Lead Department Pillar
City Cost
Tier City Cost Variables
Community
Cost Tier
Community Cost
Variables
E3-1 Increase capacity for the City and community to implement climate action and better withstand climate shocks and stresses.

KPI: # of sustainability coordinator roles within each of the City’s main departments Sustainability Plan Policy: Evaluate capacity for the City and community to implement climate action and better withstand climate shocks and stresses.

E3-1a Identify a Sustainability Coordinator from each of the City’s main departments and divisions. The Sustainability Coordinators will meet for quarterly sustainability peer-to-peer information sharing sessions, to discuss challenges, brainstorm solutions, and track progress towards reaching the City’s climate and sustainability related key performance indicators. This team will serve as the key organizers for cross-departmental collaboration needed to implement sustainability goals, as well as community contacts, and key researchers for emerging technologies, and best practices in sustainability.

Ongoing All City Departments Structural Change Moderate Staﬀ �me for a Sustainability Coordinator and to secure
funding to develop a
fellowship/internship
program (moderate)
Secure funding to establish a
new posi�on for the
oversight of the
Sustainability Plan
(moderate)
Staﬀ �me to incorporate the
Cool Block Program (low)
No-cost Greater access to
community-based
organizations (no-cost)
E3-1b Apply for sustainability staffing assistance through fellowship/internship programs including the Climate Corps Fellowship, East Los Angeles College, and CivicSpark, increasing internal staff capacity to implement sustainability goals and bring in innovative ideas.

Ongoing Community Development Funding
E3-1c Provide and encourage community events, such as Lunar New Year Festival, Cherry Blossom Festival, Cinco de Mayo, Hispanic Heritage Month, PRIDE, AAPI Heritage Month, that promote cultural understanding and a shared sense of pride in Monterey Park and incorporate these factors into existing community events hosted by the City.

Ongoing Recreation & Community
Services
Education
E3-1d Develop a community-based organization partnership program that includes criteria for partnership participation, funding for compensation, and a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to establish a network of locally trusted community-based organization that the City can partner with to implement projects and conduct community engagement. Prioritize partnerships with community-based organizations that work in and have connections to disadvantaged communities and cost burdened households.

Ongoing Recreation & Community
Services, Community
Development
Partnership, Equity
E3-1e Continue to work with the community-based organization partnership program to identify and assess ways to increase community capacity to respond to climate hazards.

Ongoing Fire, Recreation &
Community Services
Feasibility
E3-1f Create and fund a new position that will oversee the implementation and future updates of the Sustainability Plan. Short City Manager’s Office Funding, Structural Change
E3-1g Through the Cool Block Program, Neighborhood Water, and Town Hall Meeting, or similar programs, encourage residents to get to know their neighbors and to organize neighborhood associations through which they can collectively address issues such as safety and climate hazards, and methods to improve quality of life.

Mid C ommunity Development Education

Page 422 of 525 ends

Monterey Park City CouncilApril 17, 2024

Monterey Park City Council
April 17, 2024