Town Center at Moreno
Valley Specific Plan
ENERGY ANALYSIS
CITY OF MORENO VALLEY
P
REPARED BY:
Haseeb Qureshi
[email protected]
Shannon Wong
[email protected]
Ali Dadabhoy
[email protected]
FEBRUARY 3, 2025
14556-11 EA Report
Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan Energy Analysis 14556-11 EA Report
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................. I APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................................... II LIST OF EXHIBITS .................................................................................................................................. II LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................... II LIST OF ABBREVIATED TERMS ............................................................................................................. III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 1 ES.1 Summary of Findings ..................................................................................................................... 1 ES.2 Project Requirements ................................................................................................................... 1 ES.3 Mitigation Measures ..................................................................................................................... 2 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Site Location .................................................................................................................................. 6
1.2 Project Description ........................................................................................................................ 6 2 EXISTING CONDITIONS .............................................................................................................. 11
2.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Electricity ..................................................................................................................................... 14
2.3 Natural Gas ................................................................................................................................. 15
2.4 Transportation Energy Resources ............................................................................................... 19 3 REGULATORY BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... 21
3.1 Federal Regulations ..................................................................................................................... 21
3.2 California Regulations ................................................................................................................. 21 4 PROJECT ENERGY DEMANDS AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES ........................................... 28
4.1 Evaluation Criteria ....................................................................................................................... 28
4.2 Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 28
4.3 Construction Energy Demands ................................................................................................... 29
4.4 Operational Energy Demands ..................................................................................................... 38
4.5 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 40 5 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................... 43 6 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 48 7 CERTIFICATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 51
Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan Energy Analysis 14556-11 EA Report
ii
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 4.1: CALEEMOD PROJECT EMISSIONS MODEL OUTPUTS APPENDIX 4.2: EMFAC2021
LIST OF EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT 1-A: SITE LOCATION ............................................................................................................... 8 EXHIBIT 1-B: CONCEPTUAL LAND USE PLAN ......................................................................................... 9
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE ES-1: SUMMARY OF CEQA SIGNIFICANCE FINDINGS .................................................................. 1 TABLE 2-1: TOTAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM POWER (CALIFORNIA 2023) .................................................. 13 TABLE 2-2: MVU 2022 POWER CONTENT MIX ..................................................................................... 15 TABLE 4-1: CONSTRUCTION DURATION .............................................................................................. 29 TABLE 4-2: CONSTRUCTION POWER COST .......................................................................................... 30 TABLE 4-3: CONSTRUCTION ELECTRICITY USAGE ................................................................................ 31 TABLE 4-4: CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT ASSUMPTIONS .................................................................... 31 TABLE 4-5: CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT FUEL CONSUMPTION ESTIMATES ........................................ 33 TABLE 4-6: CONSTRUCTION TRIPS AND VMT ...................................................................................... 34 TABLE 4-7: CONSTRUCTION WORKER FUEL CONSUMPTION ESTIMATES ............................................. 35 TABLE 4-8: CONSTRUCTION VENDOR FUEL CONSUMPTION ESTIMATES .............................................. 36 TABLE 4-9: TOTAL PROJECT-GENERATED TRAFFIC ANNUAL FUEL CONSUMPTION (ALL VEHICLES) ....... 38 TABLE 4-10: PROJECT ANNUAL ENERGY DEMAND SUMMARY ............................................................ 39
Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan Energy Analysis 14556-11 EA Report
iii
LIST OF ABBREVIATED TERMS
% Percent
(1) Reference
AQIA Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan Air Quality Impact Analysis
BACM Best Available Control Measures
BTU British Thermal Units
CalEEMod California Emissions Estimator Model
CAPCOA California Air Pollution Control Officers Association CARB California Air Resources Board
CCR California Code of Regulations
CEC California Energy Commission
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
City City of Moreno Valley
CPUC California Public Utilities Commission
DMV Department of Motor Vehicles
EIA Energy Information Administration
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EMFAC EMissions FACtor
FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
GHG Greenhouse Gas
GWh Gigawatt Hour
HHDT Heavy-Heavy Duty Trucks
I-215 Interstate 215
IEPR Integrated Energy Policy Report
ISO Independent Service Operator
ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers
kBTU Thousand-British Thermal Units
kWh Kilowatt Hour
LDA Light Duty Auto
LDT1/LDT2 Light-Duty Trucks
LHDT1/LHDT2 Light-Heavy Duty Trucks
MCY Motorcycles
MDV Medium Duty Trucks
MH Motor Homes
MHDT Medium-Heavy Duty Trucks
Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan Energy Analysis 14556-11 EA Report
iv
MMcfd Million Cubic Feet Per Day
mpg Miles Per Gallon
MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization
MVU Moreno Valley Utility
OBUS Other Buses
PG&E Pacific Gas and Electric
Project Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan
SBUS School Buses
SCAB Southern California Air Basin
SDAB San Diego Air Basin
SoCalGas Southern California Gas
sf Square Feet
TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century
U.S. United States
VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled
14556-11 EA Report
v
This page intentionally left blank
14556-11 EA Report
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES.1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The results of this Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan Energy Analysis is summarized below based on the significance criteria in Section 3 of this report consistent with Appendix G of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Statute and Guidelines (CEQA Guidelines) (1).
Table ES-1 shows the findings of significance for potential energy impacts under CEQA.
TABLE ES-1: SUMMARY OF CEQA SIGNIFICANCE FINDINGS
Analysis Report
Section
Significance Findings
Unmitigated Mitigated
Energy Impact #1: Would the Project result in
potentially significant environmental impact due
to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary
consumption of energy resources, during project
construction or operation?
5.0 Less Than Significant n/a
Energy Impact #2: Would the Project conflict
with or obstruct a state or local plan for
renewable energy or energy efficiency?
5.0 Less Than Significant n/a
ES.2 PROJECT REQUIREMENTS
The Project would be required to comply with regulations imposed by the federal and state agencies that regulate energy use and consumption through various means and programs. Those that are directly and indirectly applicable to the Project and that would assist in the reduction of energy usage include:
• Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) • The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) • Integrated Energy Policy Report (IEPR)
• State of California Energy Plan
• California Code Title 24, Part 6, Energy Efficiency Standards • California Code Title 24 24, Part 11 (CALGreen)
• AB 1493 Pavley Regulations and Fuel Efficiency Standards • California’s Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS)
• Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act of 2015 (SB 350) Consistency with the above regulations is discussed in detail in section 5 of this EA.
14556-11 EA Report
2 ES.3 MITIGATION MEASURES
Because the proposed Project does not result in a potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation nor does it conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency, impacts would be less than significant, and no mitigation is required.
The following measures were identified in the Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan Air Quality Impact Analysis ( AQIA) report (2) and the Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan Greenhouse Gas Analysis ( GHGA) report (3) . Although these measures are designed to reduce Project air quality and greenhouse gas emissions, they would also assist in the reduction of fuel and energy usage.
MM
2 Legible, durable, weather -proof signs shall be placed at commercial loading docks and truck parking areas that identify applicable CARB anti-idling regulations. At a minimum, each sign shall include: 1) instructions for truck drivers to shut off engines when not in use; 2) instructions for drivers of diesel trucks to restrict idling to no more than five (5) minutes once the vehicle is stopped, the transmission is set to "neutral" or "park," and the parking brake is engaged; and 3) telephone numbers of the building facilities manager and the CARB to report violations. Prior to the issuance of an occupancy permit, the City shall conduct a site inspection to ensure that the signs are in place.
MM
3 Prior to the issuing of each building permit, the Project proponent and its contractors shall provide plans and specifications to the City that demonstrate that electrical service is provided to each of the areas in the vicinity of the buildings that are to be landscaped in order that electrical equipment may be used for landscape maintenance.
MM
4 Once constructed, the Project proponent shall ensure that all commercial tenants shall utilize only electric or natural gas pallet jacks and forklifts in the loading areas.
MM
5 Upon occupancy and annually thereafter, the operators of the commercial space shall provide information to all delivery truck drivers, regarding:
• Building energy efficiency, solid waste reduction, recycling, and water conservation. • Vehicle GHG emissions, electric vehicle charging availability, and alternate transportation opportunities for commuting.
• Participation in the Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Solutions (VICS) “Empty Miles” program to improve goods trucking efficiencies.
• Health effects of diesel particulates, State regulations limiting truck idling time, and the benefits of minimized idling.
14556-11 EA Report
3 • The importance of minimizing traffic, noise, and air pollutant impacts to any residences in the Project vicinity.
MM 6
Prior to issuance of a building permit, the Project proponent shall provide the City with an onsite signage program that clearly identifies the required onsite circulation system. This shall be accomplished through posted signs and painting on driveways and internal roadways.
GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION MEASURES
The following mitigation measures are recommended to further reduce GHG emissions.
MM GHG-1
The project applicant shall design and build future non-residential development to meet/include the following:
• The project will utilize on-site renewable energy sources such as solar, to reduce electrical demand as per Division A5.211, Renewable Energy, of Appendix A5, Nonresidential Voluntary Measures, of the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code. • The project will incorporate measures to reduce the overall use of potable water within the building by 12 percent as per Division A5.3, Water Efficiency and Conservation, as outlined under Section A5.303.2.3.1 of Appendix A5, Nonresidential Voluntary Measures, of the 2022 California Green Building Standards Code.
Prior to the issuance of building permits for new development projects within the project site, the project applicant shall provide documentation (e.g., building plans, site plans) to the City of Moreno Valley Planning Division to verify implementation of the applicable design requirements specified in this mitigation measure. Prior to the issuance of the certificate of occupancy, the City shall verify implementation of these design requirements.
MM
GHG-2
The project applicant shall design and build future residential development to meet/include the following:
• No wood-burning fireplaces shall be installed in any of the dwelling units. • All buildings shall be electric, to the extent feasible, meaning that electricity is the primary source of energy for water heating; heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) within the building, excluding pool heating.
• All major appliances provided/installed shall be EnergyStar- certified or of equivalent energy efficiency, where applicable.
Prior to the issuance of building permits for new development projects within the project site, the project applicant shall provide documentation (e.g., building plans, site plans) to the City of
14556-11 EA Report
4 Moreno Valley Planning Division to verify implementation of the applicable design requirements specified in this mitigation measure. Prior to the issuance of the certificate of occupancy, the City shall verify implementation of these design requirements.
MM
GHG-3
Exterior electric receptacles on nonresidential buildings shall be provided for charging or powering electric landscaping equipment.
MM
GHG-4
The project shall use light-color roofing and building materials to minimize the heat island effect and reduce lighting, heating, and cooling needs.
14556-11 EA Report
5 This page intentionally left blank
14556-11 EA Report
6 1 INTRODUCTION
This report presents the results of the energy analysis prepared by Urban Crossroads, Inc., for the proposed Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan Project (Project). The purpose of this report is to ensure that energy implication is considered by the City of Moreno Valley, as the lead agency, and to quantify anticipated energy usage associated with construction and operation of the proposed Project, determine if the usage amounts are efficient, typical, or wasteful for the land use type, and to emphasize avoiding or reducing inefficient, wasteful, and unnecessary consumption of energy.
1.1 SITE LOCATION
The Project site is generally bound by Cottonwood Avenue to the north, Nason Street to the east, Alessandro Boulevard to the south, and vacant land and a residential subdivision to the west. The Project site is currently undeveloped. There is a vacant parc el northeast of the Project site (southwest of the Nason Street and Cottonwood Avenue intersection), and an Eastern Municipal Water District booster station northwest of the Project site (southeast corner of Cottonwood Avenue and Letterman Street) that are not part of the Project. Exhibit 1-A depicts the location of the Project.
1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Project includes a proposed Specific Plan and TTM to allow for the development of residential, commercial, and park uses, as shown on the conceptual site plan provided on Figure
3. Access to the Project site would be provided from Cottonwood Avenue, Na son Street, Bay Avenue, and Alessandro Boulevard. Because the proposed Specific Plan is designed to provide flexibility for development within the Specific Plan area, the actual type and amount of uses that would be developed at buildout of the Specific Pl an is unknown. Therefore, a reasonable potential buildout development scenario has been developed for purposes of analysis; the following uses are anticipated in the respective land use areas shown in Exhibit 1-B. • 800 single family detached1 residential dwelling units (DU) • 4.8 acres of parks
• 106-room hotel
• 15,000 square feet (sf) of office use
• 30,000 sf civic use
• 16,660 sf of high turnover (sit-down) restaurant use
• 3,500 sf of fast-food restaurant with drive-thru window • 60,890 sf of commercial retail use
1 The Project could include the development of multifamily residential uses, however, for purposes of analysis, and consistent with the Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan (PEN21-0034, -0035, -0036) Traffic Analysis, this GHGA analyzes 800 single family detached residential DUs.
14556-11 EA Report
7 • 45,000 sf of supermarket use
The existing 2006 Moreno Valley General Plan land use designation and zoning for the site is Public Facilities. Therefore, the proposed Project also involves a General Plan amendment and zone change. The proposed General Plan land use designation is Specific Plan. The proposed change of zone would amend the Public Facilities zoning to the Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan (SP 222) zoning classification for the subject property. However, the City of Moreno Valley is currently in the process of updat ing the General Plan and zoning; the General Plan land use designation and zoning proposed by the City is Downtown Center (DC) District. The proposed Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan is consistent with the City’s proposed Downtown Center (DC) District land use and zoning designations.
A preliminary land use plan for the proposed Project is shown on Exhibit 1 -B. For the purposes of this analysis, it is assumed that the Project would be developed in a single phase with an anticipated Opening Year of 2028.
14556-11 EA Report
8 EXHIBIT 1-A: SITE LOCATION
l
J
.:l
f
J
AhUfoH Ctff~ Drnrt
fCap,,S.yCourt
l/
~
Capa Mendoc>no Court
COl1onWOOd A~
l
J
l
I
l
i
8.i'YAYll!nUI!
--Mesundro Boulevard
___ CactLtSAvenue
LEGEND:
,~
i Cononwood A'lfflt.le
P11!91f!iUS'W'f
[=] Site Boundary
M,rr,Son
Pa,
Mortno
[ltmtnrary
School
Euc.atyp1usAve-nue
p
C~Dr~
l
ii
!
E
i f l 1
,':
1 " C•mpus Point 0..111e
.--~~, Afffll.HI
r' I
t
Vollty hr t.ian
M.O<Jtrrry
I
I
Site
Counrry
Squirt
Mobllt
Estorts
Imegrattti
i
[
ii
Cort Communivu +
p
0 ___ Cactus AYE"nuf'
Vlnll!WOOdPLac:I!
i.
Oak~Ro.td
C~r'COUft
IJesS"indro.Bo.ul~ar<f
~
f
:,;
l
~ f 1 9
j
I ..
, .. ,,,. .......
i
Srobdl,H Avenu@
© OpenStreetMa~{qf}d} contributors, CC-BY-SA ..,,
14556-11 EA Report
9 EXHIBIT 1-B: CONCEPTUAL LAND USE PLAN
l!f1mwif1m
f!i!lillJ(jlili
tI!m'I)
LEGEND:
[] Site Boundary ■ Residential (Up to 30 du/ac) ■ Open Space ■ Commerc ial/Civic
14556-11 EA Report
10 This page intentionally left blank
14556-11 EA Report
11 2 EXISTING CONDITIONS
This section provides an overview of the existing energy conditions in the Project region.
2.1 OVERVIEW
The most recent data for California’s estimated total energy consumption and natural gas consumption is from 2022, released by the United States (U.S.) Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) California State Profile and Energy Estimates and includes (4):
• As of 2022, approximately 6,882 trillion British Thermal Unit (BTU) of energy • As of 2022, approximately 628 million barrels of petroleum • As of 2022, approximately 2,059 billion cubic feet of natural gas • As of 2022, approximately 1,322 thousand short tons of coal According to the EIA, in 2022 the U.S. petroleum consumption comprised about 90% of all transportation energy use, excluding fuel consumed for aviation and most marine vessels (5). In 2023, about 253,289 million gallons (or about 6.031 million barrels) of finished petroleum products were consumed in the U.S., an average of about 694 million gallons per day (or about 16.5 million barrels per day) (6) . In 2021, California consumed approximately 12,157 million gallons in motor gasoline (33.31 million per day) and approximately 3,541 million gallons of diesel fuel (9.7 million per day) (7).
The most recent data provided by the EIA for energy use in California is reported from 2022 which shows approximate energy usage by each of the following sectors:
• 42.6% for transportation uses
• 22.5% for industrial uses
• 17.6% for residential uses
• 17.4% for commercial uses (8)
According to the EIA, California used approximately 251,869 gigawatt hours of electricity in 2022 (9). By sector in 2023, residential uses utilized 35.6% of the state’s electricity, followed by 45.3% for commercial uses, 18.9% for industrial uses, and 0.3% for transportation. Electricity usage in California for differing land uses varies substantially by the type of uses in a building, type of construction materials used in a building, and the efficiency of all electricity -consuming devices within a building (9).
According to the EIA, California used approximately 200,871 million therms of natural gas in 2023 (10). In 2022 (the most recent year for which data is available), by sector, industrial uses utilized 31% of the state’s natural gas, followed by 32% used as fuel in the electric power sector, 23% from residential, 13% from commercial, 1% from transportation uses and the remaining 3% was utilized for the operations, processing and production of natural gas itself (10). While the supply of natural gas in the United States and production in the lower 48 states has increased greatly since 2008, California produces little, and imports 90% of its supply of natural gas (10).
14556-11 EA Report
12 In 2023 , total system electric generation for California was 28 1,140 gigawatt hours (GWh).
California’s massive electricity in -state generation system generated approximately 2 15,623 GWh which accounted for approximately 7 6% of the electricity it uses; the rest was imported from the Pacific Northwest (6%) and the U.S. Southwest (18%) (11). Natural gas is the main source for electricity generation at 4 3.68% of the total in- state electric generation system power as shown in Table 2-1.
An updated summary of, and context for energy consumption and energy demands within the State is presented in “U.S. Energy Information Administration, California State Profile and Energy Estimates, Quick Facts” excerpted below (12):
• In 2023, California was the seventh -largest producer of crude oil among the 50 states, and the state ranked third in crude oil refining capacity.
• California is the largest consumer of jet fuel and second-largest consumer of motor gasoline among the 50 states.
• California is the second- largest total energy consumer among the states, after Texas, but its per capita energy consumption is the fourth-lowest in the nation. • In 2023, renewable resources, including hydroelectric power and small -scale solar power, supplied 54% of California's in-state electricity generation. Natural gas fueled another 39% and nuclear power provided almost all the rest.
• In 2023, California was the fourth-largest electricity producer in the nation. It is also the nation’s third-largest electricity consumer and imports more electricity than any other state.
As indicated below, California is one of the nation’s leading energy -producing states, and California’s per capita energy use is among the nation’s most efficient. Given the nature of the Project, the remainder of this discussion will focus on the three sources of energy th at are most relevant to the Project—namely, electricity, natural gas, and transportation fuel for vehicle trips associated with the uses planned for the Project.
14556-11 EA Report
13 TABLE 2-1: TOTAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM POWER (CALIFORNIA 2023) Fuel Type
California In-State
Generation
(GWh)
% of California
In-State
Generation
Northwest
Imports
(GWh)
Southwest
Imports
(GWh)
Total
Imports
(GWh)
Total
California
Energy Mix
(GWh)
Total
California
Power Mix
Coal 257 0.12% 163 4,561 4,724 4,981 1.77%
Natural Gas 94,192 43.68% 52 8,530 8,582 102,774 36.56% Oil 36 0.02% 0 0 0 36 0.01%
Other (Waste
Heat/Petroleum Coke) 206 0.10% 0 0 0 206 0.07%
Unspecified 0 0.00% 100 10,273 10,373 10,373 3.69%
Total Thermal and
Unspecified 94,690 43.91% 316 23,363 23,679 118,370 42.10% Nuclear 17,714 8.22% 196 8,361 8,558 26,272 9.34%
Large Hydro 27,066 12.55% 4,712 1,109 5,821 32,886 11.70% Biomass 5,037 2.34% 753 - 753 5,790 2.06%
Geothermal 10,999 5.10% 221 2,347 2,569 13,567 4.83%
Small Hydro 4,853 2.25% 133 2 135 4,988 1.77%
Solar 41,344 19.17% 417 6,108 6,525 47,869 17.03%
Wind 13,920 6.46% 9,177 8,302 17,479 31,399 11.17%
Total Non-GHG and
Renewable Resources 120,932 56.09% 15,609 26,229 41,838 162,771 57.90% SYSTEM TOTALS 215,623 100.00% 15,925 49,593 65,518 281,140 100.00% Source: California Energy Commission’s 2023 Total System Electric Generation
14556-11 EA Report
14 2.2 ELECTRICITY
The usage associated with electricity use were calculated using CalEEMod Version 2022. The Southern California region’s electricity reliability has been of concern for the past several years due to the planned retirement of aging facilities that depend upon once -through cooling technologies, as well as the June 2013 retirement of the San O nofre Nuclear Generating Station (San Onofre). While the once -through cooling phase-out has been ongoing since the May 2010 adoption of the State Water Resources Control B oard’s once -through cooling policy, the retirement of San Onofre complicated the situation. California Independent Service Operator (ISO) studies revealed the extent to which the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) and the San Diego Air Basin (SDAB) region were vulnerable to low -voltage and post- transient voltage instability concerns. A preliminary plan to address these issues was detailed in the 2013 Integrative Energy Policy Report (IEPR) after a collaborative process with other energy agencies, utilities, and air districts (13). Similarly, the subsequent 2023 IEPR’s provides information and policy recommendations on advancing a clean, reliable, and affordable energy system.
California’s electricity industry is an organization of traditional utilities, private generating companies, and state agencies, each with a variety of roles and responsibilities to ensure that electrical power is provided to consumers. The California ISO is a nonprofit public benefit corporation and is the impartial operator of the State’s wholesale power grid and is charged with maintaining grid reliability, and to direct uninterrupted electrical energy supplies to California’s homes and communities. Whil e utilities still own transmission assets, the ISO routes electrical power along these assets, maximizing the use of the transmission system and its power generation resources. The ISO matches buyers and sellers of electricity to ensure that enough power is available to meet demand. To these ends, every five minutes the ISO forecasts electrical demands, accounts for operating reserves, and assigns the lowest cost power plant unit to meet demands while ensuring adequate system transmission capacities and capabilities (14).
Part of the ISO’s charge is to plan and coordinate grid enhancements to ensure that electrical power is provided to California consumers. To this end, utilities file annual transmission expansion/modification plans to accommodate the State’s growing electrical needs . The ISO reviews and either approves or denies the proposed additions. In addition, and perhaps most importantly, the ISO works with other areas in the western United States electrical grid to ensure that adequate power supplies are available to the State. In this manner, continuing reliable and affordable electrical power is assured to existing and new consumers throughout the State.
Electricity is currently provided to the Project area by Moreno Valley Utility (MVU). MVU provides electric power to more than 6,500 customers within its service area. MVU provides customer service, meter reading, billing, emergency response and other services to new commercial and residential developments. Based on MVU’s 2022 Power Content Label Mix, MVU derives electricity from varied energy resources including: fossil fuels, hydroelectric generators, nuclear power plants, geothermal power plants, solar power generation, and wind farms. MVU also purchases from independent power producers and utilities, including out-of-state suppliers (15).
Tables 2-2 identifies MVU’s specific proportional shares of electricity sources in 2022 (16).
14556-11 EA Report
15 TABLE 2-2: MVU 2022 POWER CONTENT MIX
Energy Resources 2022 MVU Power Mix
Eligible Renewable 33.4%
Biomass & Waste 0%
Geothermal 0%
Eligible Hydroelectric 0%
Solar 33.4%
Wind 0%
Coal 0.0%
Large Hydroelectric 0.0%
Natural Gas 0.0%
Nuclear 0.0%
Other 0.0%
Unspecified Sources of power* 66.6%
Total 100%
* "Unspecified sources of power" means electricity from transactions that are not traceable to specific generation sources
2.3 NATURAL GAS
The following summary of natural gas customers and volumes, supplies, delivery of supplies, storage, service options, and operations is excerpted from information provided by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC).
“The CPUC regulates natural gas utility service for approximately 10.8 million customers that receive natural gas from Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E), Southern California Gas (SoCalGas), San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E), Southwest Gas, and several smaller natural gas utilities. The CPUC also regulates independent storage operators: Lodi Gas Storage, Wild Goose Storage, Central Valley Storage and Gill Ranch Storage.
California's natural gas utilities provide service to over 11 million gas meters. SoCalGas and PG&E provide service to about 5.9 million and 4.3 million customers, respectively, while SDG&E provides service to over 800, 000 customers. In 2018, California gas utilities forecasted that they would deliver about 4740 million cubic feet per day (MMcfd) of gas to their customers, on average, under normal weather conditions.
The overwhelming majority of natural gas utility customers in California are residential and small commercials customers, referred to as "core" customers. Larger volume gas customers, like electric generators and industrial customers, are called "noncore" customers. Although very small in number relative to core customers, noncore customers consume about 65% of the natural gas delivered by the state's natural gas utilities, while core customers consume about 35%.
14556-11 EA Report
16 A significant amount of gas (about 19%, or 1131 MMcfd, of the total forecasted California consumption in 2018) is also directly delivered to some California large volume consumers, without being transported over the regulated utility pipeline system. Those customers, referred to as "bypass" customers, take service directly from interstate pipelines or directly from California producers.
SDG&E and Southwest Gas' southern division are wholesale customers of SoCalGas, i.e. they receive deliveries of gas from SoCalGas and in turn deliver that gas to their own customers. (Southwest Gas also provides natural gas distribution service in the Lak e Tahoe area.) Similarly, West Coast Gas, a small gas utility, is a wholesale customer of PG&E. Some other wholesale customers are municipalities like the cities of Palo Alto, Long Beach, and Vernon, which are not regulated by the CPUC.
Natural gas from out -of-state production basins is delivered into California via the interstate natural gas pipeline system. The major interstate pipelines that deliver out-of- state natural gas to California gas utilities are Gas Transmission Northwest Pipeline, Kern River Pipeline, Transwestern Pipeline, El Paso Pipeline, Ruby Pipeline, Mojave Pipeline, and Tuscarora. Another pipeline, the North Baja - Baja Norte Pipeline takes gas off the El Paso Pipeline at the California/Arizona border, and delivers that gas through California into Mexico. While the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) regulates the transportation of natural gas on the interstate pipelines, and authorizes rates for that service, the California Public Utilities Commission may participate in FERC regulatory proceedings to represent the interests of California natural gas consumers.
The gas transported to California gas utilities via the interstate pipelines, as well as some of the California-produced gas, is delivered into the PG&E and SoCalGas intrastate natural gas transmission pipelines systems (commonly referred to as California' s "backbone" pipeline system). Natural gas on the utilities' backbone pipeline systems is then delivered to the local transmission and distribution pipeline systems, or to natural gas storage fields. Some large volume noncore customers take natural gas de livery directly off the high-pressure backbone and local transmission pipeline systems, while core customers and other noncore customers take delivery off the utilities' distribution pipeline systems. The state's natural gas utilities operate over 100,000 miles of transmission and distribution pipelines, and thousands more miles of service lines.
Bypass customers take most of their deliveries directly off the Kern/Mojave pipeline system, but they also take a significant amount of gas from California production.
PG&E and SoCalGas own and operate several natural gas storage fields that are located within their service territories in northern and southern California, respectively. These storage fields, and four independently owned storage utilities - Lodi Gas Stor age, Wild Goose Storage, Central Valley Storage, and Gill Ranch Storage - help meet peak seasonal and daily natural gas demand and allow California natural gas customers to secure natural gas supplies more efficiently. PG&E is a 25% owner of the Gill Ranch Storage field.
These storage fields provide a significant amount of infrastructure capacity to help meet
14556-11 EA Report
17 California's natural gas requirements, and without these storage fields, California would need much more pipeline capacity in order to meet peak gas requirements.
Prior to the late 1980s, California regulated utilities provided virtually all natural gas services to all their customers. Since then, the Commission has gradually restructured the California gas industry in order to give customers more options while assuring regulatory protections for those customers that wish to, or are required to, continue receiving utility- provided services.
The option to purchase natural gas from independent suppliers is one of the results of this restructuring process. Although the regulated utilities procure natural gas supplies for most core customers, core customers have the option to purchase natural gas from independent natural gas marketers, called "core transport agents" (CTA). Contact information for core transport agents can be found on the utilities' web sites. Noncore customers, on the other hand, make natural gas supply arrangements directly wit h producers or with marketers.
Another option resulting from the restructuring process occurred in 1993, when the Commission removed the utilities' storage service responsibility for noncore customers, along with the cost of this service from noncore customers' transportation rates. The Commission also encouraged the development of independent storage fields, and in subsequent years, all the independent storage fields in California were established. Noncore customers and marketers may now take storage service from the utility or from an independent storage provider (if available), and pay for that service, or may opt to take no storage service at all. For core customers, the Commission assures that the utility has adequate storage capacity set aside to meet core requirements, and core customers pay for that service.
In a 1997 decision, the Commission adopted PG&E's "Gas Accord", which unbundled PG&E's backbone transmission costs from noncore transportation rates. This decision gave customers and marketers the opportunity to obtain pipeline capacity rights on PG&E's backbone transmission pipeline system, if desired, and pay for that service at rates authorized by the Commission. The Gas Accord also required PG&E to set aside a certain amount of backbone transmission capacity in order to deliver gas to its core customers. Subsequent Commission decisions modified and extended the initial terms of the Gas Accord. The "Gas Accord" framework is still in place today for PG&E's backbone and storage rates and services and is now simply referred to as PG&E Gas Transmission and Storage (GT&S).
In a 2006 decision, the Commission adopted a similar gas transmission framework for Southern California, called the "firm access rights" system. SoCalGas and SDG&E implemented the firm access rights (FAR) system in 2008, and it is now referred to as the backbone transmission system (BTS) framework. As under the PG&E backbone transmission system, SoCalGas backbone transmission costs are unbundled from noncore transportation rates. Noncore customers and marketers may obtain, and pay for, firm backbone transmission capacity at various receipt points on the SoCalGas system. A
14556-11 EA Report
18 certain amount of backbone transmission capacity is obtained for core customers to assure meeting their requirements.
Many if not most noncore customers now use a marketer to provide for several of the services formerly provided by the utility. That is, a noncore customer may simply arrange for a marketer to procure its supplies, and obtain any needed storage and backbone transmission capacity, in order to assure that it will receive its needed deliveries of natural gas supplies. Core customers still mainly rely on the utilities for procurement service, but they have the option to take procurement service from a CTA. Backbone transmission and storage capacity is either set aside or obtained for core customers in amounts to assure very high levels of service.
In order properly operate their natural gas transmission pipeline and storage systems, PG&E and SoCalGas must balance the amount of gas received into the pipeline system and delivered to customers or to storage fields. Some of these utilities’ storage capacity is dedicated to this service, and under most circumstances, customers do not need to precisely match their deliveries with their consumption. However, when too much or too little gas is expected to be delivered into the utilities’ systems, relative to the amount being consumed, the utilities require customers to more precisely match up their deliveries with their consumption. And, if customers do not meet certain delivery requirements, they could face financial penalties. The utilities do not profit from these financial penalties - the amounts are then returned to customers as a whole. If the utilities find that they are unable to deliver all the gas that is expected to be consumed, they may even call for a curtailment of some gas deliveries. These curtailments are typically required for just the largest, noncore customers. It has been many years since there has been a significant curtailment of core customers in California.” (17)
As indicated in the preceding discussions, natural gas is available from a variety of in -state and out-of-state sources and is provided throughout the state in response to market supply and demand. Complementing available natural gas resources, biogas may soon be available via existing delivery systems, thereby increasing the availability and reliability of resources in total.
The CPUC oversees utility purchases and transmission of natural gas to ensure reliable and affordable natural gas deliveries to existing and new consumers throughout the State.
California accounts for less than 1% of total U.S. natural gas reserves and production. As with crude oil, California's natural gas production has experienced a gradual decline since 1985. In 2023, about 32% of the natural gas delivered to consumers went to the State’s industrial sector, and about 31% was delivered to the electric power sector. Natural gas fueled more than two- fifths of the State’s utility-scale electricity generation in 2023. The residential sector, where three-fifths of California households use natural gas for home heating, accounted for 23% of natural gas deliveries. The commercial sector received 13% of the deliveries to end users and the transportation sector consumed the remaining 1% (18).
14556-11 EA Report
19 2.4 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY RESOURCES
The Project would generate additional vehicle trips with resulting consumption of energy resources, predominantly gasoline and diesel fuel. The Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) identified 36.2 million registered vehicles in California (8) , and those vehicles consume an estimated 17. 2 billion gallons of fuel each year 2. Gasoline (and other vehicle fuels) are commercially provided commodities and would be available to the Project patrons and employees via commercial outlets.
California’s on-road transportation system includes 396,616 lane miles, more than 26.6 million passenger vehicles and light trucks, and almost 9.0 million medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (8).
While gasoline consumption has been declining since 2008 it is still by far the dominant fuel.
California is the second -largest consumer of petroleum products, after Texas, and accounts for 8% of the nation's total consumption. The State is the largest U.S. consumer of motor gasoline and jet fuel, and 83% of the petroleum consumed in California is used in the transportation sector (18).
2 Fuel consumptions estimated utilizing information from EMFAC2021.
14556-11 EA Report
20 This page intentionally left blank
14556-11 EA Report
21 3 REGULATORY BACKGROUND
Federal and state agencies regulate energy use and consumption through various means and programs. On the federal level, the United States Department of Transportation, the United States Department of Energy, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are three federal agencies with substantial influence over energy policies and programs. On the state level, the C PUC and the C EC are two agencies with authority over different aspects of energy.
Relevant federal and state energy-related laws and plans are summarized below.
3.1 FEDERAL REGULATIONS
3.1.1 INTERMODAL SURFACE TRANSPORTATION EFFICIENCY ACT OF 1991 (ISTEA) The ISTEA promoted the development of inter -modal transportation systems to maximize mobility as well as address national and local interests in air quality and energy. ISTEA contained factors that Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) were to address in developing transportation plans and programs, including some energy -related factors. To meet the new ISTEA requirements, MPOs adopted explicit po licies defining the social, economic, energy, and environmental values guiding transportation decisions.
3.1.2 THE TRANSPORTATION EQUITY ACT FOR THE 21ST CENTURY (TEA-21) The TEA-21 was signed into law in 1998 and builds upon the initiatives established in the ISTEA legislation, discussed above. TEA -21 authorizes highway, highway safety, transit, and other efficient surface transportation programs. TEA -21 continues the program structure established for highways and transit under ISTEA, such as flexibility in the use of funds, emphasis on measures to improve the environment, and focus on a strong planning process as the foundation of good transportation decisions. TEA-21 also provides for investment in research and its application to maximize the performance of the transportation system through, for example, deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems, to help improve operations and management of transportation systems and vehicle safety
.
3.2 CALIFORNIA REGULATIONS
3.2.1 INTEGRATED ENERGY POLICY REPORT (IEPR)
Senate Bill 1389 (Bowen, Chapter 568, Statutes of 2002) requires the CEC to prepare a biennial integrated energy policy report that assesses major energy trends and issues facing the state’s electricity, natural gas, and transportation fuel sectors and provides policy recommendations to conserve resources; protect the environm ent; ensure reliable, secure, and diverse energy supplies; enhance the state’s economy; and protect public health and safety (Public Resources Code § 25301[a]). The CEC prepares these assessments and associated policy recommendations every two years, with updates in alternate years, as part of the Integrated Energy Policy Report.
The 2023 IEPR was adopted February 2024, and continues to work towards improving electricity, natural gas, and transportation fuel energy use in California. The 2023 IEPR builds on the 2022
14556-11 EA Report
22 IEPR’s framework for embedding equity and environmental justice at the CEC and the California Energy Planning Library which allows for easier access to energy data and analytics for a wide range of users. Additionally, energy reliability, western electricity int egration, gasoline cost factors and price spikes, the role of hydrogen in California’s clean energy future, fossil gas transition and distributed energy resources are topics discussed within the 2023 IEPR (19).
3.2.2 STATE OF CALIFORNIA ENERGY PLAN
The CEC is responsible for preparing the State Energy Plan, which identifies emerging trends related to energy supply, demand, conservation, public health and safety, and the maintenance of a healthy economy. The Plan calls for the state to assist in the transformation of the transportation system to improve air quality, reduce congestion, and increase the efficient use of fuel supplies with the least environmental and energy costs. To further this policy, the plan identifies several strategies, including assistance to public agencies and fleet operators and encouragement of urban designs that reduce vehicle miles traveled ( VMT) and accommodate pedestrian and bicycle access.
3.2.3 T
ITLE 24 ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS AND CALIFORNIA GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 24 Part 6: The California Energy Code was first adopted in 1978 in response to a legislative mandate to reduce California’s energy consumption.
The standards are updated periodically to allow consideration and possible incorporation of new energy efficient technologies and methods. CCR, Title 24, Part 11: California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen) is a comprehensive and uniform regulatory code for all residential, commercial, and school buildings that went in effect on August 1, 2009, and is administered by the California Building Standards Commission.
CALGreen is updated on a regular basis, with the most recent approved update consisting of the 2022 California Green Building Code Standards that became effective on January 1, 20233. The CEC anticipates that the 2022 energy code will provide $1.5 billion in consumer benefits and reduce GHG emissions by 10 million metric tons (20) . The Project would be required to comply with the applicable standards in place at the time building permit document submittals are made.
Current CALGreen standards require, among other items (21):
R
ESIDENTIAL MANDATORY MEASURES
• Electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. New construction shall comply with Section 4.106.4.1,
4.106.4.2, 4.106.4.3, to facilitate future installation and use of EV chargers. Electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) shall be installed in accordance with the California Electrical Code, Article 625. (4.106.4).
o New one- and two-family dwellings and town-houses with attached private garages. For each dwelling unit, install a listed raceway to accommodate a dedicated 208/240 -volt
3 The 2022 California Energy and Green Building Standard Code became effective on January 1, 2023, however; it has since been amended on July 1, 2024 with the Intervening Code Cycle Update which is reflected in this report. Additionally, i t should be noted that the Energy Code and CALGreen provisions are currently being updated, with the most recent draft update consisting of the 2025 California Energy and Green Building Code Standards that will be effective on January 1, 2025. As construction of the Project is anticipated to be completed in 2028, it is presumed that the Project would be required to comply with the Title 24 standards in place at that time.
14556-11 EA Report
23 branch circuit. The raceway shall not be less than trade size 1 (nominal 1 -inch inside diameter). The raceway shall originate at the main service or subpanel and shall terminate into a listed cabinet, box or other enclosure in close proximity to the propos ed location of an EV charger. Raceways are required to be continuous at enclosed, inaccessible or concealed areas and spaces. The service panel and/or subpanel shall provide capacity to install a 40 -ampere 208/240-volt minimum dedicated branch circuit and space(s) reserved to permit installation of a branch circuit overcurrent protective device. o New hotels and motels. All newly constructed hotels and motels shall provide EV spaces capable of supporting future installation of EVSE. The construction documents shall identify the location of the EV spaces. The number of required EV spaces shall be bas ed on the total number of parking spaces provided for all types of parking facilities in accordance with Table 4.106.4.3.1.
• Water conserving plumbing fixtures and fittings. Plumbing fixtures (water closets and urinals) and fittings (faucets and showerheads) shall comply with Sections 4.303.1.1, 4.303.1.2, 4.303.1.3, and
4.303.1.4.
• Outdoor potable water use in landscape areas. Residential developments shall comply with a local water efficient landscape ordinance or the current California Department of Water Resource ‘ Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO), whichever is more stringent. • Operation and maintenance manual. At the time of final inspection, a manual, compact disc, web- based reference or other media acceptable to the enforcing agency which includes all of the following shall be placed in the building:
o Directions to the owner or occupant that the manual shall remain with the building throughout the life cycle of the structure.
o Operations and maintenance instructions for the following:
Equipment and appliances, including water -saving devices and systems, HVAC systems, photovoltaic systems, EV chargers, water -heating systems and other major appliances and equipment.
Roof and yard drainage, including gutter and downspouts. Space conditioning systems, including condensers and air filters. Landscape irrigation systems.
Water reuse systems.
o Information from local utility, water and waste recovery providers on methods to future reduce resource consumption, including recycle programs and locations. o Public transportation and/or carpool options available in the area. o Educational material on the positive impacts of an interior relative humidity between 30- 60% and what methods an occupants may use to maintain the relative humidity level in that range.
o Information about water -conserving landscape and irrigation design and controllers which conserve water.
o Instructions for maintaining gutters and downspouts and the importance of diverting water at least 5 feet away from the foundation.
o Information about state solar energy and incentive programs available.
14556-11 EA Report
24 o A copy of all special inspection verifications required by the enforcing agency of this code. o Information from CALFIRE on maintenance of defensible space around residential structures.
• Any installed gas fireplace shall be direct -vent sealed-combustion type. Any installed woodstove or pellet stove shall comply with U.S. EPA New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) emission limits as applicable, and shall have a permanent label indicating t hey are certified to meet the emission limits. Woodstoves, pellet stoves and fireplaces shall also comply with applicable local ordinances.
• Paints and coatings. Architectural paints and coatings shall comply with VOC limits in Table 1 of the CARB Architectural Suggested Control Measure, as shown in Table 4.504.3, unless more stringent local limits apply. The VOC content limit for coatings that do not meet the definitions for the specialty coatings categories listed in Table 4.504.3 shall be determined by classifying the coating as a Flat, Nonflat, or Nonflat -high Gloss coating, based on its glass, as defined in subsections 4.21, 4.36, and 4.37 of the 2007 CARB, Suggested Control Measure, and the corresponding Flat, Nonflat, Nonflat-high Gloss VOC limit in Table 4.504.3 shall apply.
NONRESIDENTIAL MANDATORY MEASURES
• Short-term bicycle parking. If the new project or an additional alteration is anticipated to generate visitor traffic, provide permanently anchored bicycle racks within 200 feet of the visitors’ entrance, readily visible to passers-by, for 5% of new visitor motorized vehicle parking spaces being added, with a minimum of one two-bike capacity rack (5.106.4.1.1).
• Long-term bicycle parking. For new buildings with tenant spaces that have 10 or more tenant-occupants, provide secure bicycle parking for 5% of the tenant-occupant vehicular parking spaces with a minimum of one bicycle parking facility (5.106.4.1.2). • EV charging stations. New construction shall facilitate the future installation of EV supply equipment. The compliance requires empty raceways for future conduit and documentation that the electrical system has adequate capacity for the future load. The number of spaces to be provided for is contained in Table 5.106. 5.3.1 (5.106.5.3). Alternatively, the power allocation method may be used as an alternative to the requirements mentioned in Section
5.106.5.1, and associated Table 5.106.5.3. Use of Table 5.106.5.3.6 to can be used to determine the total power in kVA required based on the total number of actual parking spaces.
Additionally, Table 5.106.5.5.1 specifies requirements for the installation of raceway conduit and panel power requirements for medium- and heavy -duty EV supply equipment for warehouses, grocery stores, and retail stores.
• Outdoor light pollution reduction. Outdoor lighting systems shall be designed to meet the backlight, uplight and glare ratings per Table 5.106.8 (5.106.8). • Construction waste management. Recycle and/or salvage for reuse a minimum of 65% of the nonhazardous construction and demolition waste in accordance with Section
5.408.1.1. 5.405.1.2, or 5.408.1.3; or meet a local construction and demolition waste management ordinance, whichever is more stringent (5.408.1).
14556-11 EA Report
25 • Excavated soil and land clearing debris. 100% of trees, stumps, rocks and associated vegetation and soils resulting primarily from land clearing shall be reused or recycled. For a phased project, such material may be stockpiled on site until the storage site is developed (5.408.3).
• Recycling by Occupants. Provide readily accessible areas that serve the entire building and are identified for the depositing, storage, and collection of non-hazardous materials for recycling, including (at a minimum) paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics, organic waste, and metals or meet a lawfully enacted local recycling ordinance, if more restrictive (5.410.1).
• Water conserving plumbing fixtures and fittings. Plumbing fixtures (water closets and urinals) and fittings (faucets and showerheads) shall comply with the following:
o Water Closets. The effective flush volume of all water closets shall not exceed 1.28 gallons per flush (5.303.3.1).
o Urinals. The effective flush volume of wall-mounted urinals shall not exceed 0.125 gallons per flush (5.303.3.2.1). The effective flush volume of floor- mounted or other urinals shall not exceed 0.5 gallons per flush (5.303.3.2.2). o Showerheads. Single showerheads shall have a minimum flow rate of not more than 1.8 gallons per minute and 80 psi (5.303.3.3.1). When a shower is served by more than one showerhead, the combined flow rate of all showerheads and/or other shower outlets controlled by a single valve shall not exceed 1.8 gallons per minute at 80 psi (5.303.3.3.2). o Faucets and fountains. Nonresidential lavatory faucets shall have a maximum flow rate of not more than 0.5 gallons per minute at 60 psi (5.303.3.4.1). Kitchen faucets shall have a maximum flow rate of not more than 1.8 gallons per minute of 60 psi (5.303.3.4.2). Wash fountains shall have a maximum flow rate of not more than 1.8 gallons per minute (5.303.3.4.3). Metering faucets shall not deliver more than 0.20 gallons per cycle (5.303.3.4.4). Metering faucets for wash fountains shall have a maximum flow rate not more than 0.20 gallons per cycle (5.303.3.4.5). • Outdoor potable water uses in landscaped areas. Nonresidential developments shall comply with a local water efficient landscape ordinance or the current California Department of Water Resources’ Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO), whichever is more stringent (5.304.1).
• Water meters. Separate submeters or metering devices shall be installed for new buildings or additions in excess of 50,000 sf or for excess consumption where any tenant within a new building or within an addition that is projected to consume more than 1,000 gallons per day (GPD) (5.303.1.1 and 5.303.1.2).
• Outdoor water uses in rehabilitated landscape projects equal or greater than 2,500 sf.
Rehabilitated landscape projects with an aggregate landscape area equal to or greater than 2,500 sf requiring a building or landscape permit (5.304.3). • Commissioning. For new buildings 10,000 sf and over, building commissioning shall be included in the design and construction processes of the building project to verify that the building systems and components meet the owner’s or owner representative’s project requirements (5.410.2).
14556-11 EA Report
26 3.2.4 AB 1493 PAVLEY REGULATIONS AND FUEL EFFICIENCY STANDARDS California AB 1493, enacted on July 22, 2002, required C ARB to develop and adopt regulations that reduce GHGs emitted by passenger vehicles and light duty trucks. Under this legislation, CARB adopted regulations to reduce GH G emissions from non -commercial passenger vehicles (cars and light-duty trucks). Although aimed at reducing GHG emissions, specifically, a co-benefit of the Pavley standards is an improvement in fuel efficiency and consequently a reduction in fuel consumption.
3.2.5 C
ALIFORNIA’S RENEWABLES PORTFOLIO STANDARD (RPS)
First established in 2002 under Senate Bill (SB) 1078, California’s Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) requires retail sellers of electric services to increase procurement from eligible renewable resources to 44% of total retail sales by 2024 (22).
3.2.6 CLEAN ENERGY AND POLLUTION REDUCTION ACT OF 2015 (SB 350) In October 2015, the legislature approved, and the Governor signed SB 350, which reaffirms California’s commitment to reducing its GHG emissions and addressing climate change. Key provisions include an increase in the RPS discussed above, higher energy efficiency requirements for buildings, initial strategies towards a regional electricity grid, and improved infrastructure for electric vehicle charging stations. Specifically, SB 350 requires the following to reduce statewide GHG emissions:
• Increase the amount of electricity procured from renewable energy sources from 33 % to 50% by 2030, with interim targets of 40% by 2024, and 45% by 2027. • Double the energy efficiency in existing buildings by 2030. This target will be achieved through the CPUC, the CEC, and local publicly owned utilities.
• Reorganize the ISO to develop more regional electricity transmission markets and to improve accessibility in these markets, which will facilitate the growth of renewable energy markets in the western United States (California Leginfo 2015).
14556-11 EA Report
27 This page intentionally left blank
Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan Energy Analysis 14556-11 EA Report
28 4 PROJECT ENERGY DEMANDS AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
4.1 EVALUATION CRITERIA
Appendix F of the State CEQA Guidelines (23) states that the means of achieving the goal of energy conservation include the following:
• Decreasing overall per capita energy consumption;
• Decreasing reliance on fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and oil; and • Increasing reliance on renewable energy sources.
In compliance with Appendix G of the State CEQA Guidelines (1), this report analyzes the Project’s anticipated energy use during construction and operations to determine if the Project would:
• Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation; or • Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency
4.2 METHODOLOGY
Information from the CalEEMod Version 2022 outputs for the Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan Air Quality Impact Analysis (Urban Crossroads, Inc.) (AQIA) (2) was utilized in this analysis, detailing Project-related construction equipment, transportation energy demands, and facility energy demands.
4.2.1 CALEEMOD
In May 2022, t he SCAQMD, in conjunction with the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA) and other California air districts, released the latest version of the CalEEMod Version 2022.1. The purpose of this model is to calculate construction -source and operational-source criteria pollutants and GHG emissions from direct and indirect sources as well as energy usage (24). Accordingly, the latest version of CalEEMod has been used to determine the proposed Project’s anticipated transportation and facility energy demands. Outputs from the annual construction and operational model runs are provided in Appendix 4.1.
4.2.2 EMISSION FACTORS MODEL
On May 2, 2022, the EPA approved the 2021 version of the EMissions FACtor model (EMFAC2021) web database for use in State Implementation Plan and transportation conformity analyses.
EMFAC2021 is a mathematical model that was developed to calculate emission rates, fuel consumption, VMT from motor vehicles that operate on highways, freeways, and local roads in California and is commonly used by the CARB to project changes in future emissions from on- road mobile sources (25). This energy study utilizes the different fuel types for each vehicle class from the annual EMFAC2021 emission inventory in order to derive the average vehicle fuel economy which is then used to determine the estimated annual fuel consumption associated with vehicle usage during Project construction and operational activities . For purposes of Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan Energy Analysis 14556-11 EA Report
29 analysis, the 202 5 through 2028 analysis years were utilized to determine the average vehicle fuel economy used throughout the duration of the Project. Outputs from the EMFAC2021 model run is provided in Appendix 4.2.
4.3 CONSTRUCTION ENERGY DEMANDS
The focus within this section is the energy implications of the construction process, specifically the power cost from on-site electricity consumption during construction of the proposed Project.
4.3.1 CONSTRUCTION POWER COST
The total Project construction power costs is the summation of the products of the area (sf) by the construction duration and the typical power cost.
CONSTRUCTION DURATION
For purposes of analysis, c onstruction is expected to commence in November 2025 and to be complete in November 2028. The construction schedule utilized in the analysis, shown in Table 4-1, represents a “conservative” analysis scenario. Should construction occur any time after the respective dates, impacts would be reduced since emission factors for construction decrease as time passes due to emission regulations becoming more stringent4. The duration of construction activity and associated equipment represents a reasonable approximation of the expected construction fleet as required per CEQA Guidelines (26).
TABLE 4-1: CONSTRUCTION DURATION
Construction Activity Start Date End Date Days
Site Preparation 11/5/2025 11/26/2025 16
Grading 11/26/2025 03/23/2026 84
Building Construction 03/23/2026 11/6/2028 686
Paving 07/23/2026 11/6/2026 77
Architectural Coating 08/23/2028 11/6/2028 54
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION POWER COST
The 2024 National Construction Estimator identifies a typical power cost per 1,000 sf of construction per month of $2. 66, which was used to calculate the Project’s total construction power cost (27). For purposes of analysis, the development scenario anticipated with implementation of the proposed Town Center Specific Plan includes 800 residential DU, 4.8 acres of parks, 106-room hotel, 15,000 sf of office use, 30,000 sf civic use , 16,660 sf of high turnover (sit-down) restaurant, 3,500 sf of fast -food restaurant with drive-thru, 60,890 sf of commercial retail use, 45,000 sf of supermarket use, and associated parking and other asphalt surfaces. Based
4 As shown in the CalEEMod User’s Guide Version 2022, Appendix G “Table G-11. Statewide Average Annual Offroad Equipment Emission Factors” as the analysis year increases, emission factors for the same equipment pieces decrease due to the natural turnover of older equipment being replaced by newer less polluting equipment and new regulatory requirements.
Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan Energy Analysis 14556-11 EA Report
30 on information provided in the AQIA, construction activities are anticipated to occur over the course of 36 months (2). Based on Table 4-2, the total power cost of the on-site electricity usage during the construction of the Project is estimated to be approximately $234,273.68.
TABLE 4-2: CONSTRUCTION POWER COST
Land Use
Power Cost
(per 1,000 SF
of
construction
per month)
Size
(1,000 SF)
Construction
Duration
(months)
Project Construction
Power Cost
Single Family Detached Residential $2.66 1,440.000 36 $137,894.40 Park $2.66 209.088 36 $20,022.27
Hotel $2.66 58.409 36 $5,593.25
General Office $2.66 15.000 36 $1,436.40
City Library $2.66 30.000 36 $2,872.80
High Turnover (Sit-Down)
Restaurant $2.66 16.660 36 $1,595.36
Fast-Food Restaurants w/ Drive-
Thru Window $2.66 3.500 36 $335.16
Commercial Retail $2.66 60.890 36 $5,830.83
Supermarket $2.66 45.000 36 $4,309.20
Parking $2.66 133.920 36 $12,824.18
Other Asphalt Surfaces $2.66 434.000 36 $41,559.84
CONSTRUCTION POWER COST $234,273.68
4.3.2 CONSTRUCTION ELECTRICITY USAGE
The total Project construction electricity usage is the summation of the products of the power cost (estimated in Table 4-3) by the utility provider cost per kilowatt hour (kWh) of electricity.
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION ELECTRICITY USAGE
The MVU’s general service rate schedule was used to determine the Project’s electrical usage. As of December 19, 2023, MVU’s general service rate is $0.15 per kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity for general services and $0.43 per kWh for residential uses (28). As shown on Table 4-3, the total electricity usage from on -site Project construction related activities is estimated to be approximately 943,894.98 kWh.
Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan Energy Analysis 14556-11 EA Report
31 TABLE 4-3: CONSTRUCTION ELECTRICITY USAGE
Land Use Cost per kWh Project Construction
Electricity Usage (kWh)
Single Family Detached Residential $0.43 319,535
Park $0.15 129,707
Hotel $0.15 36,234
General Office $0.15 9,305
City Library $0.15 18,610
High Turnover (Sit-Down) Restaurant $0.15 10,335
Fast-Food Restaurants w/ Drive-Thru Window $0.15 2,171
Commercial Retail $0.15 37,773
Supermarket $0.15 27,916
Parking $0.15 83,077
Other Asphalt Surfaces $0.15 269,231
CONSTRUCTION ELECTRICTY USAGE (kWh) 943,894.98
4.3.3 C ONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT FUEL ESTIMATES
Fuel consumed by construction equipment would be the primary energy resource expended over the course of Project construction.
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
Site specific construction fleet may vary due to specific project needs at the time of construction.
A detailed summary of construction equipment assumptions by phase is provided at Table 4-4.
The Municipal Code limits construction activities in two parts of the code: Sections 8.14.040(E) and 11.80.030(D)(7). Section 8.14.040(E) states that construction within the city shall only occur from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. from Monday through Friday excluding holidays and from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. on Saturdays. Section 11.80.030(D)(7) states that no person shall operate or cause the operation of any tools or equipment used in construction, drilling, repair, alteration , or demolition work between the hours of 8:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. such that the sound creates a noise disturbance. Consistent with industry standards and typical construction practices, and for purposes of analysis, each piece of equipment listed in Table 4-4 is estimated to operate up to a total of eight (8) hours per day, or approximately two -thirds of the period during which construction activities are allowed pursuant to the code. It should be noted that most pieces of equipment would likely operate for fewer hours per day.
TABLE 4-4: CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT ASSUMPTIONS
Construction Activity Equipment Amount Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor Site Preparation
Crawler Tractors 4 8 87 0.43
Rubber Tired Dozers 3 8 367 0.40 I I I I I
Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan Energy Analysis 14556-11 EA Report
32 Grading
Crawler Tractors 2 8 87 0.43
Excavators 2 8 36 0.38
Graders 1 8 148 0.41
Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8 367 0.40
Scrapers 2 8 423 0.48
Building Construction
Cranes 2 8 367 0.29
Forklifts 5 8 82 0.20
Generator Sets 2 8 14 0.74
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 5 8 84 0.37
Welders 2 8 46 0.45
Paving
Pavers 2 8 81 0.42
Paving Equipment 2 8 89 0.36
Rollers 2 8 36 0.38
Architectural Coating Air Compressors 1 8 37 0.48
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT FUEL CONSUMPTION
Project construction activity timeline estimates, construction equipment schedules, equipment power ratings, load factors, and associated fuel consumption estimates are presented in Table 4-
5. Eight-hour daily use of all equipment is assumed. The aggregate fuel consumption rate for all equipment is estimated at 18.5 horsepower hour per gallon (hp -hr-gal.), obtained from CARB 2018 Emissions Factors Tables and cited fuel consumption rate factors presented in Table D- 24 of the Moyer guidelines (29). For the purposes of this analysis, the calculations are based on all construction equipment being diesel-powered which is consistent with industry standards. Diesel fuel would be supplied by existing residential/ commercial fuel providers serving the region 5. As presented in Table 4 -5, Project construction activities would consume an estimated 187,803 gallons of diesel fuel. Project construction would represent a “single -event” diesel fuel demand and would not require on- going or permanent commitment of diesel fuel resources for this purpose.
5 Based on Appendix A of the CalEEMod User’s Guide, Construction consists of several types of off-road equipment. Since the majority of the off-road construction equipment used for construction projects are diesel fueled, CalEEMod assumes all of the equipment operates on diesel fuel.
14556-11 EA Report
33 TABLE 4-5: CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT FUEL CONSUMPTION ESTIMATES Construction Activity Duration
(Days) Equipment HP Rating Quantity Usage
Hours
Load
Factor
HP-
hrs/day
Total Fuel
Consumption
Site Preparation 16
Crawler Tractors 87 4 8 0.43 1,197 1,035
Rubber Tired Dozers 367 3 8 0.40 3,523 3,047
Grading 84
Crawler Tractors 87 2 8 0.43 599 2,718
Excavators 36 2 8 0.38 219 994
Graders 148 1 8 0.41 485 2,204
Rubber Tired Dozers 367 1 8 0.40 1,174 5,332
Scrapers 423 2 8 0.48 3,249 14,751
Building Construction 686
Cranes 367 2 8 0.29 1,703 63,145
Forklifts 82 5 8 0.20 656 24,325
Generator Sets 14 2 8 0.74 166 6,147
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 84 5 8 0.37 1,243 46,099
Welders 46 2 8 0.45 331 12,281
Paving 77
Pavers 81 2 8 0.42 544 2,266
Paving Equipment 89 2 8 0.36 513 2,134
Rollers 36 2 8 0.38 219 911
Architectural Coating 54 Air Compressors 37 1 8 0.48 142 415 CONSTRUCTION FUEL DEMAND (GALLONS DIESEL FUEL) 187,803
14556-11 EA Report
34 4.3.4 CONSTRUCTION TRIPS AND VMT
Construction generates on-road vehicle emissions from vehicle usage for workers, hauling, and vendors commuting to and from the site. The number of worker and vendor trips are presented below in Table 4-6.
TABLE 4-6: CONSTRUCTION TRIPS AND VMT
Construction Activity Worker Trips
Per Day
Vendor Trips
Per Day
Site Preparation 18 3
Grading 20 13
Building Construction 372 107
Paving 15 0
Architectural Coating 74 0
4.3.5 CONSTRUCTION WORKER FUEL ESTIMATES
With respect to estimated VMT for the Project, the construction worker trips would generate an estimated 4,855,473 VMT during the 36 months of construction (2). Based on CalEEMod methodology, it is assumed that 50% of all worker trips are from light-duty-auto vehicles (LDA), 25% are from light -duty-trucks (LDT1 6), and 25% are from light -duty-trucks (LDT2 7). Data regarding Project related construction worker trips were based on CalEEMod defaults utilized within the AQIA.
Vehicle fuel efficiencies for LDA, LDT1, and LDT2 were estimated using information generated within the 2021 version of the EMFAC developed by CARB. EMFAC2021 is a mathematical model that was developed to calculate emission rates, fuel consumption, and VMT from motor vehicles that operate on highways, freeways, and local roads in California and is commonly used by the CARB to project changes in future emissions from on-road mobile sources (25). EMFAC2021 was run for the LDA, LDT1, and LDT2 vehicle class within the California sub-area for the 2025 through 2028 calendar years. Data from EMFAC2021 is shown in Appendix 4.2.
Table 4 -7 provides the estimated annual fuel consumption from Project construction worker trips. Based on Table 4-7, it is estimated that 162,654 gallons of fuel will be consumed related to construction worker trips during full construction of the Project. It should be noted that construction worker trips would represent a “single-event” gasoline fuel demand and would not require on-going or permanent commitment of fuel resources for this purpose.
6 Vehicles under the LDT1 category have a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of less than 6,000 lbs. and equivalent test weight (ETW) of less than or equal to 3,750 lbs.
7 Vehicles under the LDT2 category have a GVWR of less than 6,000 lbs. and ETW between 3,751 lbs. and 5,750 lbs.
14556-11 EA Report
35 TABLE 4-7: CONSTRUCTION WORKER FUEL CONSUMPTION ESTIMATES Year Construction Activity Duration
(Days)
Worker
Trips/Day
Trip
Length
(miles)
VMT
Average Vehicle
Fuel Economy
(mpg)
Estimated Fuel
Consumption
(gallons)
2025
LDA
Site Preparation 16 9 18.5 2,664 32.49 82
Grading 26 10 18.5 4,810 32.49 148
LDT1
Site Preparation 16 5 18.5 1,480 25.14 59
Grading 26 5 18.5 2,405 25.14 96
LDT2
Site Preparation 16 5 18.5 1,480 25.29 59
Grading 26 5 18.5 2,405 25.29 95
2026
LDA
Grading 58 10 18.5 10,730 33.43 321
Building Construction 204 186 18.5 701,964 33.43 20,996 Paving 77 8 18.5 11,396 33.43 341
LDT1
Grading 58 5 18.5 5,365 25.70 209
Building Construction 204 93 18.5 350,982 25.70 13,656
Paving 77 4 18.5 5,698 25.70 222
LDT2
Grading 58 5 18.5 5,365 26.01 206
Building Construction 204 93 18.5 350,982 26.01 13,495
Paving 77 4 18.5 5,698 26.01 219
2027
LDA
Building Construction 261 186 18.5 898,101 34.29 26,194 LDT1
Building Construction 261 93 18.5 449,051 26.22 17,127
LDT2
Building Construction 261 93 18.5 449,051 26.63 16,864
2028
LDA
Building Construction 221 186 18.5 760,461 35.14 21,639 Architectural Coating 54 37 18.5 36,963 35.14 1,052
LDT1
14556-11 EA Report
36 Year Construction Activity Duration
(Days)
Worker
Trips/Day
Trip
Length
(miles)
VMT
Average Vehicle
Fuel Economy
(mpg)
Estimated Fuel
Consumption
(gallons)
Building Construction 221 93 18.5 380,231 26.76 14,206
Architectural Coating 54 19 18.5 18,981 26.76 709
LDT2
Building Construction 221 93 18.5 380,231 27.23 13,963
Architectural Coating 54 19 18.5 18,981 27.23 697
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION WORKER FUEL CONSUMPTION 162,654
4.3.6 CONSTRUCTION VENDOR FUEL ESTIMATES
With respect to estimated VMT, the construction vendor trips (vehicles that deliver materials to the site during construction) would generate an estimated 768,346 VMT along area roadways for the Project over the duration of construction activity (2). It is assumed that 50% of all vendor trips are from medium-heavy duty trucks (MHDT) and 50% are from heavy-heavy duty trucks (HHDT).
These assumptions are consistent with the CalEEMod defaults utilized within the within the AQIA (2). Vehicle fuel efficiencies for MHDTs and HHDTs were estimated using information generated within EMFAC2021. EMFAC2021 was run for the MHDT and HHDT vehicle classes within the California sub-area for the 2025 through 2028 calendar years. Data from EMFAC2021 is shown in Appendix 4.2.
Based on Table 4 -8, it is estimated that 102,705 gallons of fuel will be consumed related to construction vendor trips (MHDTs and HHDTs) during full construction of the Project. It should be noted that Project construction vendor trips would represent a “single -event” diesel fuel demand and would not require on-going or permanent commitment of diesel fuel resources for this purpose.
TABLE 4-8: CONSTRUCTION VENDOR FUEL CONSUMPTION ESTIMATES Year Construction Activity Duration
(Days)
Vendor
Trips/Day
Trip
Length
(miles)
VMT
Average Vehicle
Fuel Economy
(mpg)
Estimated Fuel
Consumption
(gallons)
2025
MHDT
Site Preparation 16 2 10.2 326 8.60 38
Grading 26 7 10.2 1,856 8.60 216
HHDT
Site Preparation 16 2 10.2 326 6.22 52
Grading 26 7 10.2 1,856 6.22 299
2026
MHDT
Grading 58 7 10.2 4,141 8.72 475
Building Construction 204 54 10.2 112,363 8.72 12,878
14556-11 EA Report
37 Year Construction Activity Duration
(Days)
Vendor
Trips/Day
Trip
Length
(miles)
VMT
Average Vehicle
Fuel Economy
(mpg)
Estimated Fuel
Consumption
(gallons)
HHDT
Grading 58 7 10.2 4,141 6.33 655
Building Construction 204 54 10.2 112,363 6.33 17,762
2027
MHDT
Building Construction 261 54 10.2 143,759 8.87 16,200
HHDT
Building Construction 261 54 10.2 143,759 6.45 22,285
2028
MHDT
Building Construction 220 49 10.2 109,956 8.60 12,784
HHDT
Building Construction 221 54 10.2 121,727 6.60 18,448
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION VENDOR FUEL CONSUMPTION 102,705
4.3.7 CONSTRUCTION ENERGY EFFICIENCY/CONSERVATION MEASURES Starting in 2014, CARB adopted the nation's first regulation aimed at cleaning up off- road construction equipment such as bulldozers, graders, and backhoes . These requirements ensure fleets gradually turnover the oldest and dirtiest equipment to newer, cleaner models and prevent fleets from adding older, dirtier equipment. As such, the equipment used for Project construction would conform to CARB regulations and C alifornia emissions standards. It should also be noted that there are no unusual Project characteristics or construct ion processes that would require the use of equipment that would be more energy intensive than is used for comparable activities; or equipment that would not conform to current emissions standards (and related fuel efficiencies). Equipment employed in construction of the Project would therefore not result in inefficient wasteful, or unnecessary consumption of fuel.
Construction contractors would be required to comply with applicable CARB regulation regarding retrofitting, repowering, or replacement of diesel off-road construction equipment. Additionally, CARB has adopted the Airborne Toxic Control Measure to limit heavy -duty diesel motor vehicle idling in order to reduce public exposure to diesel particulate matter and other Toxic Air Contaminants. Compliance with anti -idling and emissions regulations would result in a more efficient use of construction- related energy and the minimization or elimination of wasteful or unnecessary consumption of energy. Idling restrictions and the use of newer engines and equipment would result in less fuel combustion and energy consumption.
Additional construction-source energy efficiencies would occur due to required California regulations and best available control measures (BACM). For example , CCR Title 13, Motor Vehicles, section 2449(d)(2 ) Idling, limits idling times of construction vehicles to no more than five minutes, thereby precluding unnecessary and wasteful consumption of fuel due to unproductive idling of construction equipment. Section 2449(d)(2 ) requires medium and large
14556-11 EA Report
38 fleets adopt a written idling policy informing operators that idling is limited to 5 consecutive minutes or less . Equipment rental agreements must also inform renters/lessees of this idling restriction. In this manner, construction equipment operators are required to be informed that engines are to be turned off at or prior to five minutes of idling. Enforcement of idling limitations is realized through periodic site inspections conducted by City building officials, and/or in response to citizen complaints.
A full analysis related to the energy needed to form construction materials is not included in this analysis due to a lack of detailed Project -specific information on construction materials. At this time, an analysis of the energy needed to create Project-related construction materials would be extremely speculative and thus has not been prepared.
In general, the construction processes promote conservation and efficient use of energy by reducing raw materials demands, with related reduction in energy demands associated with raw materials extraction, transportation, processing, and refinement. Use of materials in bulk reduces energy demands associated with preparation and transport of construction materials as well as the transport and disposal of construction waste and solid waste in general, with corollary reduced demands on area landfill capacities and energy consumed by waste transport and landfill operations.
4.4 OPERATIONAL ENERGY DEMANDS
Energy consumption in support of or related to Project operations would include transportation energy demands (energy consumed by passenger car vehicles accessing the Project site), and facilities energy demands (energy consumed by building operations and site maintenance activities).
4.4.1 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DEMANDS
Energy that would be consumed by Project -generated traffic is a function of total VMT and estimated vehicle fuel economies of vehicles accessing the Project site. The VMT per vehicle class can be determined by evaluated in the vehicle fleet mix and the total VMT. As with worker and vendors trips, operational vehicle fuel efficiencies were estimated using information generated within EMFAC2021 developed by CARB (25) . EMFAC2021 was run for the Riverside County (SC) area for the 2028 calendar year. Data from EMFAC2021 is shown in Appendix 4.2.
As summarized on Table 4 -9, the Project will result in an annual VMT of 48,830,915 and an estimated annual fuel consumption of 1,882,112 gallons of fuel.
TABLE 4-9: TOTAL PROJECT-GENERATED TRAFFIC ANNUAL FUEL CONSUMPTION (ALL VEHICLES) Vehicle Type Average Vehicle Fuel
Economy (mpg) Annual VMT Estimated Annual Fuel
Consumption (gallons)
LDA 35.14 24,169,454 687,739
LDT1 26.76 1,762,970 65,869
LDT2 27.23 10,351,872 380,149
14556-11 EA Report
39 Vehicle Type Average Vehicle Fuel
Economy (mpg) Annual VMT Estimated Annual Fuel
Consumption (gallons)
MDV 21.91 7,614,119 347,471
LHDT1 17.78 1,483,849 83,479
LHDT2 16.65 424,801 25,513
MHDT 9.09 736,936 81,101
HHDT 6.60 813,029 123,218
OBUS 7.04 28,482 4,045
UBUS 6.13 18,544 3,027
MCY 42.30 1,099,136 25,985
SBUS 6.50 64,826 9,980
MH 5.90 262,896 44,537
TOTAL (ALL VEHICLES) 48,830,915 1,882,112
4.4.2 FACILITY ENERGY DEMANDS
Project building operations activities would result in the consumption of natural gas and electricity. Natural gas would be supplied to the Project by SoCalGas; electricity would be supplied to the Project by MVU. Annual natural gas and electricity demands of the Project are summarized in Tables 4-10.
TABLE 4-10: PROJECT ANNUAL ENERGY DEMAND SUMMARY
Land Use Natural Gas Demand
(kBTU/year)
Electricity Demand
(kWh/year)
Single Family Detached Residential 28,451,450 7,471,395 Hotel 1,745,474 940,998
General Office 413,800 261,648
City Library 1,288,510 287,072
High Turnover (Sit-Down) Restaurant 1,900,220 585,014
Fast-Food Restaurants w/ Drive-Thru Window 399,206 122,902 Commercial Retail 360,601 594,189
Supermarket 755,314 1,443,587
Parking 0 117,147
TOTAL PROJECT ENERGY DEMAND 35,314,575 11,823,952
4.4.3 OPERATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY/CONSERVATION MEASURES Energy efficiency/energy conservation attributes of the Project would be complemented by increasingly stringent state and federal regulatory actions addressing vehicle fuel economies and vehicle emissions standards; and enhanced building/utilities energy efficiencies mandated under California building codes (e.g., Title 24, California Green Building Standards Code).
14556-11 EA Report
40 ENHANCED VEHICLE FUEL EFFICIENCIES
Project annual fuel consumption estimates presented previously in Table 4 -9 represent likely potential maximums that would occur for the Project. Under subsequent future conditions, average fuel economies of vehicles accessing the Project site can be expected to improve as older, less fuel-efficient vehicles are removed from circulation, and in response to fuel economy and emissions standards imposed on newer vehicles entering the circulation system.
Enhanced fuel economies realized pursuant to federal and state regulatory actions, and related transition of vehicles to alternative energy sources (e.g., electricity, natural gas, biofuels, hydrogen cells) would likely decrease future gasoline fuel demands per VMT. Location of the Project proximate to regional and local roadway systems tends to reduce VMT within the region, acting to reduce regional vehicle energy demands.
4.5 SUMMARY
4.5.1 CONSTRUCTION ENERGY DEMANDS
The estimated power cost of on- site electricity usage during the construction of the Project is assumed to be approximately $234,273.68. Additionally, based on the assumed power cost, it is estimated that the total electricity usage during construction, after full Project build-out, is calculated to be approximately 943,894.98 kWh.
Construction equipment used by the Project would result in single event consumption of approximately 187,803 gallons of diesel fuel. Construction equipment use of fuel would not be atypical for the type of construction proposed because there are no aspects of the Project ’s proposed construction process that are unusual or energy -intensive, and Project construction equipment would conform to the applicable CARB emissions standards, acting to promote equipment fuel efficiencies.
CCR Title 13, Title 13, Motor Vehicles, section 2449(d)(2) Idling, limits idling times of construction vehicles to no more than 5 minutes, thereby precluding unnecessary and wasteful consumption of fuel due to unproductive idling of construction equipment. BACMs inform construction equipment operators of this requirement. Enforcement of idling limitations is realized through periodic site inspections conducted by City building officials, and/or in response to citizen complaints.
Construction worker trips for full construction of the Project would result in the estimated fuel consumption of 162,654 gallons of fuel. Additionally, fuel consumption from construction vendor trips ( MHDTs and HHDTs ) would total approximately 102,705 gallons. Diesel fuel would be supplied by regional residential/commercial vendors. Indirectly, construction energy efficiencies and energy conservation would be achieved using bulk purchases, transport, and use of construction materials. The 2023 IEPR released by the CEC has shown that fuel efficiencies are getting better within on and off- road vehicle engines due to more stringent government requirements (30). As supported by the preceding discussions, Project construction energy consumption would not be considered inefficient, wasteful, or otherwise unnecessary.
14556-11 EA Report
41 4.5.2 OPERATIONAL ENERGY DEMANDS
TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DEMANDS
Annual vehicular trips and related VMT generated by the operation of the Project would result in an estimated 1,882,112 gallons of fuel.
Fuel would be provided by current and future residential/ commercial vendors. Trip generation and VMT generated by the Project are consistent with other residential/commercial uses of similar scale and configuration, as reflected respectively in the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation Manual ( 11th Ed., 2021); and CalEEMod. As such , Project operations would not result in excessive and wasteful vehicle trips and VMT, nor excess and wasteful vehicle energy consumption compared to other residential/commercial land uses.
Enhanced fuel economies realized pursuant to federal and state regulatory actions, and related transition of vehicles to alternative energy sources (e.g., electricity, natural gas, biofuels, hydrogen cells) would likely decrease future gasoline fuel demands per VMT. Location of the Project proximate to regional and local roadway systems tends to reduce VMT within the region, acting to reduce regional vehicle energy demands. The Project would implement sidewalks, facilitating and encouraging pedestrian acces s. Facilitating pedestrian and bicycle access would reduce VMT and associated energy consumption. In compliance with the California Green Building Standards Code and C ity requirements, the Project would promote the use of bicycles as an alternative mean of transportation by providing short- term and/or long -term bicycle parking accommodations. Pursuant to CALGreen, the Project would provide conduits for EV charging stations. As supported by the preceding discussions, Project transportation energy consumption would not be considered inefficient, wasteful, or otherwise unnecessary.
F
ACILITY ENERGY DEMANDS
Project facility operational energy demands are estimated at: 35,314,575 kBTU/year of natural gas; and 11,823,952 kWh/year of electricity . The Project proposes conventional residential/commercial uses reflecting contemporary energy efficient/energy conserving designs and operational programs. The Project does not propose uses that are inherently energy intensive and the energy demands in total would be comparable to other residential/commercial land use projects of similar scale and configuration.
Lastly, the Project would comply with the applicable Title 24 standards. Pursuant to CALGreen, the Project would provide solar panels. Compliance itself with applicable Title 24 standards would ensure that the Project energy demands would not be inefficient, wasteful, or otherwise unnecessary.
14556-11 EA Report
42 This page intentionally left blank
14556-11 EA Report
43 5 CONCLUSIONS
5.1 ENERGY IMPACT 1
Result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation.
As supported by the preceding analyses, Project construction and operations would not result in the inefficient, wasteful, or unnecessary consumption of energy. The Project would therefore not cause or result in the need for additional energy producing or transmission facilities. Additionally, pursuant to CALGreen, the Project would provide conduits for EV charging stations and solar. The Project would not engage in wasteful or inefficient uses of energy and aims to achieve energy conservations goals within the State of California.
5.2 ENERGY IMPACT 2
Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency.
The Project’s consistency with the applicable state and local plans is discussed below.
CONSISTENCY WITH ISTEA
Transportation and access to the Project site is provided by the local and regional roadway systems. The Project would not interfere with, nor otherwise obstruct intermodal transportation plans or projects that may be realized pursuant to the ISTEA because SCAG is not planning for intermodal facilities on or through the Project site.
Consistency with ISTEA supports decreasing overall per capita energy consumption and decreased reliance on fossil fuels, consistent with State CEQA Guidelines Appendix F as residents, workers and customers traveling to and from the site can use public transportation which would decrease fuel and overall VMT.
CONSISTENCY WITH TEA-21
The Project site is located along major transportation corridors with proximate access to the Interstate freeway system. The site selected for the Project facilitates access, acts to reduce vehicle miles traveled, takes advantage of existing infrastructure systems, and promotes land use compatibilities through collocation of similar uses. The Project supports the strong planning processes emphasized under TEA -21. The Project is therefore consistent with, and would not otherwise interfere with, nor obstruct implementation of TEA-21.
Consistency with TEA -21 supports decreasing overall per capita energy consumption and decreased reliance on fossil fuels, consistent with State CEQA Guidelines Appendix F as residents, workers and customers traveling to and from the site can use public transportation which would decrease fuel and overall VMT.
C
ONSISTENCY WITH IEPR
14556-11 EA Report
44 Electricity would be provided to the Project by MVU. MVU’s Energy Efficiency Programs builds on existing state programs and policies. As such, the Project is consistent with, and would not otherwise interfere with, nor obstruct implementation the goals presented in the 2023 IEPR.
Additionally, the Project will comply with the applicable Title 24 standards which would ensure that the Project energy demands would not be inefficient, wasteful, or otherwise unnecessary.
As such, development of the proposed Project would support the goals presented in the 2023 IEPR.
Consistency with IEPR supports decreasing overall per capita energy consumption , decreased reliance on fossil fuels and increased reliance on renewable energy sources, consistent with State CEQA Guidelines Appendix F.
C
ONSISTENCY WITH STATE OF CALIFORNIA ENERGY PLAN
The Project site is located along major transportation corridors with proximate access to the Interstate freeway system. The site selected for the Project facilitates access, takes advantage of existing infrastructure systems, and promotes land use compatibilities . The Project therefore supports urban design and planning processes identified under the State of California Energy Plan, is consistent with, and would not otherwise interfere with, nor obstruct implementation of the State of California Energy Plan.
Consistency with the State of California Energy Plan IEPR supports decreasing overall per capita energy consumption and reliance on fossil fuels, consistent with State CEQA Guidelines Appendix F as residents, workers and customers traveling to and from the site can use public transportation which would decrease fuel and overall VMT.
CONSISTENCY WITH CALIFORNIA CODE TITLE 24, PART 6, ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS The Project would be subject to applicable Title 24 standards at the time of construction.
Therefore, the Project is would not result in a significant impact on energy resources (31).
Consistency with Title 24 standards support decreasing overall per capita energy consumption , decreased reliance on fossil fuels and increased reliance on renewable energy sources consistent with State CEQA Guidelines Appendix F as the Project would need to incorporate energy efficiency standards as discussed in Section 3.2.3 of this report.
CONSISTENCY WITH CALIFORNIA CODE TITLE 24, PART 11, CALGREEN As previously stated, CCR, Title 24, Part 11: CALGreen is a comprehensive and uniform regulatory code for all residential, commercial, and school buildings that went in effect on January 1, 2009, and is administered by the California Building Standards Commission. CALGreen is updated on a regular basis, with the most recent approved update consisting of the 2022 California Green Building Code Standards that were published on July 1, 2022 and became effective on January 1,
14556-11 EA Report
45 20238. The Project would be required to comply with the applicable standards in place at the time building permit document submittals are made.
Consistency with Title 24 standards support decreasing overall per capita energy consumption, decreased reliance on fossil fuels and increased reliance on renewable energy sources consistent with State CEQA Guidelines Appendix F as the Project would need to incorporate energy efficiency standards as discussed in Section 3.2.3 of this report.
C
ONSISTENCY WITH AB 1493
AB 1493 is not applicable to the Project as it is a statewide measure establishing vehicle emissions standards. No feature of the Project would interfere with implementation of the requirements under AB 1493.
This would also ensure consistency with State CEQA Guidelines Appendix F as the project would interfere with implementation of AB 1493, therefore, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels.
C
ONSISTENCY WITH RPS
California’s Renewable Portfolio Standard is not applicable to the Project as it is a statewide measure that establishes a renewable energy mix. No feature of the Project would interfere with implementation of the requirements under RPS.
This would also ensure consistency with State CEQA Guidelines Appendix F as the project would not interfere with implementation of the RPS, therefore, increasing reliance on renewable energy sources.
C
ONSISTENCY WITH SB 350
The proposed Project would use energy from MVU, which has committed to diversify its portfolio of energy sources by increasing energy from wind and solar sources. No feature of the Project would interfere with implementation of SB 350. Additionally, the Project would be designed and constructed to implement the energy efficiency measures for new residential/commercial developments and would include several measures designed to reduce energy consumption.
This would also ensure consistency with State CEQA Guidelines Appendix F as the project would not interfere with implementation of SB350, therefore, increasing reliance on renewable energy sources.
As shown above, the Project would not conflict with any of the state or local plans. As such, a less than significant impact is expected.
8 The 2022 California Energy and Green Building Standard Code became effective on January 1, 2023, however; it has since been amended on July 1, 2024 with the Intervening Code Cycle Update which is reflected in this report. Additionally, i t should be noted that the Energy Code and CALGreen provisions are currently being updated, with the most recent draft update consisting of the 2025 California Energy and Green Building Code Standards that will be effective on January 1, 2025. As construction of the Project is anticipated to be completed in 2028, it is presumed that the Project would be required to comply with the Title 24 standards in place at that time.
14556-11 EA Report
46 CONSISTENCY WITH CEQA APPENDIX F
As supported in the preceding sections, the Project would achieve the goals of energy conservation as identified in Appendix F of the State CEQA Guidelines. The Project would decrease overall per capita energy consumption by being consistent with the ISTEA, TEA-21, 2023 IEPR, State of California Energy Plan, and Title 24 Standards. The Project would decrease reliance on fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and oil by being consistent with the ISTEA, TEA -21, 2023 IEPR, State of California Energy Plan, Title 24 Standards and AB 1493. The Project would increase reliance on renewable energy sources by being consistent with the 2023 IEPR, Title 24 Standards, RPS and SB 350.
Additionally, pursuant to MMs 2 – AQ-6, the Project would further decrease overall per capita energy consumption, decrease reliance on fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and oil and increase reliance on renewable energy source s. Specifically, MM 2, MM 5 , and MM 6 revolve around reductions in VMT by increasing efficiency of on- site circulation through signs and paintings, weatherproof signs that identify applicable CARB anti -idling regulations, and building energy efficiency, solid waste reduction, recycling, and water conservation. MM 3 and MM 4 address the utilization of electric equipment, and MM 4 would decrease reliance on fossil fuels.
Additionally, pursuant to MMs GHG - 1 – GHG - 4, the Project would further decrease overall per capita energy consumption, decrease reliance on fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and oil and increase reliance on renewable energy sources. MM GHG - 1 requires the non-residential portion of the Project to incorporate energy efficiency requirements, utilize renewable energy sources such as solar and incorporate measures meant to reduce potable water within the building by 12%. MM GHG – 2 supports for the r esidential portion of the Project, no wood fire places , primarily electric buildings where electricity is the primary source of energy for water heating, heating, ventilation and air conditioning as well as all major appliance shall be electric powered and energy star rated. MM GHG – 3 supports electric charging for electric landscaping equipment and MM GHG – 4 supports light color roofing and building materials to minimize heat island effect.
As such, based on the preceding discussion and supporting evidence, a less than significant impact is expected with respect to CEQA Guidelines Appendix F criteria.
14556-11 EA Report
47 This page intentionally left blank
14556-11 EA Report
48 6 REFERENCES
1. Association of Environmental Professionals. 2020 CEQA California Environmental Quality Act. 2020.
2. Urban Crossroads, Inc. Moreno Valley Town Center Specific Plan Air Quality Impact Analysis. 2024.
3. —. Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan Greenhouse Gas Analysis. 2024.
4. Administration, U.S. Energy Information. California State Profile and Energy Estimates. [Online] https://www.eia.gov/state/data.php?sid=CA#ConsumptionExpenditures.
5. U.S. Energy Information Administration. Use of Energy in the United States Explained Energy Use for Transportation. [Online] https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-of-energy/transportation.php.
6. —. Use of Energy in the United States Explained Energy Use for Transportation. [Online] https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=MTPUPUS1&f=A.
7. —. Prime Supplier Sales Volume, California, Annual. [Online] 2021. https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_prim_dcu_SCA_a.htm.
8. —. California Energy Consumption by End -Use Sector. California State Profile and Energy Estimates. [Online] https://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=CA#tabs-2.
9. —. California State Profile and Energy Estimates. [Online] https://www.eia.gov/state/seds/sep_fuel/html/pdf/fuel_use_es.pdf.
10. —. California State Profile and Energy Estimates. [Online] https://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/ng_cons_sum_dcu_SCA_a.htm.
11. California Energy Commission. 2023 Total System Electric Generation. CA.gov. [Online] https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/california-electricity-data/2023-total- system-electric-generation.
12. U.S. Energy Information Administration. California State Profile and Energy Estimates. [Online] https://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=CA.
13. California Energy Commission. 2013 Integrated Energy Policy Report. 2013.
14. California ISO. Understanding the ISO. [Online]
http://www.caiso.com/about/Pages/OurBusiness/UnderstandingtheISO/default.aspx.
15. California Energy Commission. California Energy Almanac. Utility Energy Supply Plans . [Online] https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac.
16. Moreno Valley Electric Utility. 2022 Power Content Label. [Online] https://www.moval.org/mvu/pdfs/power-content2022.pdf.
17. California Public Utilities Commission. Natural Gas and California. [Online] http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/general.aspx?id=4802.
18. U.S. Energy Information Administration. California Analysis. Energy Information Administration. [Online] https://www.eia.gov/beta/states/states/ca/analysis.
19. California Energy Commission Staff. 2022 Integrated Energy Policy Report Update. [Online] 2022. https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2023-
02/Adopted_2022_IEPR_Update_with_errata_ada.pdf.
20. California Energy Commission. Energy Commission Adopts Updated Building Standards to Improve Efficiency, Reduce Emissions from Homes and Businesses. [Online] August 11, 2021.
14556-11 EA Report
49 https://www.energy.ca.gov/news/2021-08/energy-commission-adopts-updated-building-standards- improve-efficiency-reduce-0.
21. California Department of General Services. 2022 CALGreen Code. CALGreen. [Online] https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/CAGBC2022P1.
22. California Energy Commission. Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS). [Online] 2002. http://www.energy.ca.gov/portfolio/.
23. State of California. California Environmental Quality Act Guideline, California Public Resources Code, Title 14, Division 6, Chapter 3,.
24. California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA). California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod). [Online] May 2022. www.caleemod.com.
25. California Department of Transportation. EMFAC Software. [Online] http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/env/air/pages/emfac.htm.
26. State of California. 2019 CEQA California Environmental Quality Act. 2019.
27. Pray, Richard. 2024 National Construction Estimator. Carlsbad : Craftsman Book Company, 2024.
28. Moreno Valley Utility. Electric Rates. [Online] https://www.moval.org/mvu/pdfs/MVU_Rates.pdf.
29. California Air Resources Board. Methods to Find the Cost-Effectiveness of Funding Air Quality Projects For Evaluating Motor Vehicle Registration Fee Projects And Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) Projects, Emission Factor Tables. 2018.
30. California Energy Commission Staff. 2024 Integrated Energy Policy Report Update. [Online] 2024. https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/reports/integrated-energy-policy-report/2024-integrated- energy-policy-report-update.
31. The California Energy Commission. 2022 Building Energy Efficiency Standards. California Energy Commission. [Online] 2022. https://www.energy.ca.gov/programs -and-topics/programs/building- energy-efficiency-standards/2022-building-energy-efficiency.
14556-11 EA Report
50 This page intentionally left blank
14556-11 EA Report
51 7 CERTIFICATIONS
The contents of this energy analysis report represent an accurate depiction of the environmental impacts associated with the proposed Town Center at Moreno Valley Specific Plan . The information contained in this energy analysis report is based on the best available data at the time of preparation. If you have any questions, please contact me directly at [email protected].
Haseeb Qureshi
Associate Principal
URBAN CROSSROADS, INC.
[email protected]
EDUCATION
Master of Science in Environmental Studies
California State University, Fullerton • May 2010
Bachelor of Arts in Environmental Analysis and Design
University of California, Irvine • June 2006
P
ROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS
AEP – Association of Environmental Planners
AWMA – Air and Waste Management Association
ASTM – American Society for Testing and Materials
P
ROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATIONS
Planned Communities and Urban Infill – Urban Land Institute • June 2011 Indoor Air Quality and Industrial Hygiene – EMSL Analytical • April 2008 Principles of Ambient Air Monitoring – California Air Resources Board • August 2007 AB2588 Regulatory Standards – Trinity Consultants • November 2006 Air Dispersion Modeling – Lakes Environmental • June 2006
14556-11 EA Report
52 This page intentionally left blank
14556-11 EA Report
53 APPENDIX 4.1:
CALEEMOD PROJECT EMISSIONS MODEL OUTPUTS
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 1 / 68
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report Table of Contents
1. Basic Project Information
1.1. Basic Project Information
1.2. Land Use Types
1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector
2. Emissions Summary
2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds
2.2. Construction Emissions by Y ear, Unmitigated
2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds
2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated
3. Construction Emissions Details
3.1. Site Preparation (2025) - Unmitigated
3.3. Grading (2025) - Unmitigated
3.5. Grading (2026) - Unmitigated
3.7. Building Construction (2026) - Unmitigated
3.9. Building Construction (2027) - Unmitigated
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 2 / 68
3.11. Building Construction (2028) - Unmitigated
3.13. Paving (2026) - Unmitigated
3.15. Architectural Coating (2028) - Unmitigated
4. Operations Emissions Details
4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use
4.1.1. Unmitigated
4.2. Energy
4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
4.3. Area Emissions by Source
4.3.1. Unmitigated
4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use
4.4.1. Unmitigated
4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use
4.5.1. Unmitigated
4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use
4.6.1. Unmitigated
4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 3 / 68
4.7.1. Unmitigated
4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type
4.8.1. Unmitigated
4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type
4.9.1. Unmitigated
4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type
4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated
4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated
4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated
5. Activity Data
5.1. Construction Schedule
5.2. Off-Road Equipment
5.2.1. Unmitigated
5.3. Construction Vehicles
5.3.1. Unmitigated
5.4. Vehicles
5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies
5.5. Architectural Coatings
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 4 / 68
5.6. Dust Mitigation
5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities
5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies
5.7. Construction Paving
5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors
5.9. Operational Mobile Sources
5.9.1. Unmitigated
5.10. Operational Area Sources
5.10.1. Hearths
5.10.1.1. Unmitigated
5.10.2. Architectural Coatings
5.10.3. Landscape Equipment
5.11. Operational Energy Consumption
5.11.1. Unmitigated
5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption
5.12.1. Unmitigated
5.13. Operational Waste Generation
5.13.1. Unmitigated
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 5 / 68
5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment
5.14.1. Unmitigated
5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment
5.15.1. Unmitigated
5.16. Stationary Sources
5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps
5.16.2. Process Boilers
5.17. User Defined
5.18. Vegetation
5.18.1. Land Use Change
5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type
5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
5.18.2. Sequestration
5.18.2.1. Unmitigated
6. Climate Risk Detailed Report
6.1. Climate Risk Summary
6.2. Initial Climate Risk Scores
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 6 / 68
6.3. Adjusted Climate Risk Scores
6.4. Climate Risk Reduction Measures
7. Health and Equity Details
7.1. CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Scores
7.2. Healthy Places Index Scores
7.3. Overall Health & Equity Scores
7.4. Health & Equity Measures
7.5. Evaluation Scorecard
7.6. Health & Equity Custom Measures
8. User Changes to Default Data
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 7 / 68
1. Basic Project Information
1.1. Basic Project Information
Data Field Value
Project Name 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Construction Start Date 11/5/2025
Operational Y ear 2028
Lead Agency —
Land Use Scale Plan/community
Analysis Level for Defaults County
Windspeed (m/s) 2.50
Precipitation (days) 24.0
Location 33.920986394588446, -117.193682312174
County Riverside-South Coast
City Moreno Valley
Air District South Coast AQMD
Air Basin South Coast
TAZ 5592
EDFZ 11
Electric Utility Moreno Valley Utility
Gas Utility Southern California Gas
App Version 2022.1.1.29
1.2. Land Use Types
Land Use Subtype Size Unit Lot Acreage Building Area (sq ft) Landscape Area (sq ft)
Special Landscape
Area
(sq ft)
Population Description
Single Family
Housing
800 Dwelling Unit 33.1 1,440,000 9,370,286 — 2,584 —
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 8 / 68
City Park 4.80 Acre 4.80 0.00 209,088 0.00 — —
Hotel 106 Room 1.34 58,409 0.00 — — —
General Office
Building
15.0 1000sqft 0.34 15,000 0.00 — — —
Library 30.0 1000sqft 0.69 30,000 0.00 — — —
High Turnover (Sit
Do
wn Restaurant)
16.7 1000sqft 0.38 16,660 0.00 — — —
Fast Food
Restaur
ant with
Drive Thru
3.50 1000sqft 0.08 3,500 0.00 — — —
Regional Shopping
Center
60.9 1000sqft 1.40 60,890 0.00 — — —
Supermarket 45.0 1000sqft 1.03 45,000 0.00 — — —
Parking Lot 930 Space 3.07 0.00 0.00 — — —
Other Asphalt
Surf
aces
434 1000sqft 9.97 0.00 0.00 — — —
1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector No measures selected
2. Emissions Summary
2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Un/Mit. TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 194 193 31.7 64.0 0.09 1.12 6.75 7.43 1.03 1.62 2.47 — 14,890 14,890 0.55 0.73 26.9 15,149 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
-------------------
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 9 / 68
Unmit. 194 193 70.8 76.4 0.14 3.46 8.96 12.4 3.18 3.82 7.00 — 20,122 20,122 0.63 0.85 0.73 20,391 Average
Daily
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 30.5 30.2 20.3 33.5 0.05 0.73 4.07 4.58 0.68 0.98 1.62 — 9,052 9,052 0.25 0.49 7.31 9,212 Annual
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 5.56 5.51 3.71 6.11 0.01 0.13 0.74 0.84 0.12 0.18 0.30 — 1,499 1,499 0.04 0.08 1.21 1,525
2.2. Construction Emissions by Y ear, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Y ear TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily -
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2026 5.88 5.05 31.7 64.0 0.09 1.12 5.98 7.10 1.03 1.44 2.47 — 14,890 14,890 0.55 0.73 26.9 15,149 2027 4.28 3.62 23.3 50.9 0.07 0.72 5.78 6.50 0.67 1.39 2.06 — 13,018 13,018 0.33 0.69 23.7 13,255 2028 194 193 23.5 55.3 0.07 0.67 6.75 7.43 0.62 1.62 2.24 — 14,020 14,020 0.32 0.73 24.2 14,269 Daily -
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2025 9.26 7.79 70.8 64.2 0.12 3.46 8.96 12.4 3.18 3.82 7.00 — 13,219 13,219 0.53 0.19 0.09 13,290 2026 8.51 7.16 55.3 76.4 0.14 2.19 8.82 11.0 2.02 2.47 4.48 — 20,122 20,122 0.63 0.85 0.73 20,391 2027 4.20 3.53 23.6 44.9 0.07 0.72 5.78 6.50 0.67 1.39 2.06 — 12,616 12,616 0.33 0.69 0.62 12,830 2028 194 193 23.9 48.6 0.07 0.67 6.75 7.43 0.62 1.62 2.24 — 13,547 13,547 0.33 0.73 0.63 13,772 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2025 0.52 0.44 3.99 3.64 0.01 0.19 0.47 0.67 0.18 0.20 0.37 — 776 776 0.03 0.01 0.09 780 2026 3.39 2.87 20.3 33.5 0.05 0.73 3.69 4.43 0.68 0.94 1.62 — 8,666 8,666 0.25 0.43 6.48 8,805 2027 3.00 2.53 17.0 32.7 0.05 0.51 4.07 4.58 0.48 0.98 1.46 — 9,052 9,052 0.24 0.49 7.31 9,212 2028 30.5 30.2 13.9 27.9 0.04 0.40 3.61 4.01 0.37 0.87 1.24 — 7,779 7,779 0.19 0.42 5.79 7,917 -------------------
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 10 / 68
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2025 0.10 0.08 0.73 0.66 < 0.005 0.04 0.09 0.12 0.03 0.04 0.07 — 128 128 0.01 < 0.005 0.01 129 2026 0.62 0.52 3.71 6.11 0.01 0.13 0.67 0.81 0.12 0.17 0.30 — 1,435 1,435 0.04 0.07 1.07 1,458 2027 0.55 0.46 3.10 5.97 0.01 0.09 0.74 0.84 0.09 0.18 0.27 — 1,499 1,499 0.04 0.08 1.21 1,525 2028 5.56 5.51 2.54 5.08 0.01 0.07 0.66 0.73 0.07 0.16 0.23 — 1,288 1,288 0.03 0.07 0.96 1,311
2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Un/Mit. TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 138 131 78.1 567 1.34 2.69 106 109 2.63 27.0 29.6 854 166,802 167,656 94.1 6.42 755 172,675 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 127 120 81.4 451 1.26 2.65 106 109 2.60 27.0 29.6 854 159,398 160,252 94.4 6.61 419 165,000 Average
Daily
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 119 113 63.5 446 1.07 1.58 93.3 94.8 1.53 23.7 25.2 854 132,173 133,027 93.4 5.93 543 137,672 Annual
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 21.7 20.6 11.6 81.4 0.20 0.29 17.0 17.3 0.28 4.32 4.60 141 21,883 22,024 15.5 0.98 89.9 22,793
2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Sector TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
-------------------
-------------------
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 11 / 68
Mobile 91.2 85.8 55.3 501 1.19 0.86 106 107 0.80 27.0 27.8 — 122,112 122,112 5.92 5.96 344 124,381 Area 46.2 45.1 13.8 61.1 0.09 1.11 — 1.11 1.10 — 1.10 0.00 17,007 17,007 0.32 0.03 — 17,025 Energy 1.04 0.52 9.03 4.61 0.06 0.72 — 0.72 0.72 — 0.72 — 25,999 25,999 2.07 0.15 — 26,096 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 105 1,683 1,789 10.9 0.27 — 2,143 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 748 0.00 748 74.8 0.00 — 2,619 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 410 410
Total 138 131 78.1 567 1.34 2.69 106 109 2.63 27.0 29.6 854 166,802 167,656 94.1 6.42 755 172,675 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 85.7 80.2 59.1 441 1.12 0.86 106 107 0.80 27.0 27.8 — 114,871 114,871 6.28 6.15 8.93 116,870 Area 40.2 39.5 13.3 5.65 0.08 1.07 — 1.07 1.07 — 1.07 0.00 16,845 16,845 0.32 0.03 — 16,862 Energy 1.04 0.52 9.03 4.61 0.06 0.72 — 0.72 0.72 — 0.72 — 25,999 25,999 2.07 0.15 — 26,096 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 105 1,683 1,789 10.9 0.27 — 2,143 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 748 0.00 748 74.8 0.00 — 2,619 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 410 410
Total 127 120 81.4 451 1.26 2.65 106 109 2.60 27.0 29.6 854 159,398 160,252 94.4 6.61 419 165,000 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 74.8 70.0 53.2 403 1.01 0.76 93.3 94.0 0.72 23.7 24.4 — 103,225 103,225 5.57 5.51 132 105,137 Area 42.9 42.6 1.26 38.4 0.01 0.10 — 0.10 0.09 — 0.09 0.00 1,265 1,265 0.03 < 0.005 — 1,267 Energy 1.04 0.52 9.03 4.61 0.06 0.72 — 0.72 0.72 — 0.72 — 25,999 25,999 2.07 0.15 — 26,096 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 105 1,683 1,789 10.9 0.27 — 2,143 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 748 0.00 748 74.8 0.00 — 2,619 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 410 410
Total 119 113 63.5 446 1.07 1.58 93.3 94.8 1.53 23.7 25.2 854 132,173 133,027 93.4 5.93 543 137,672 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 13.7 12.8 9.70 73.6 0.18 0.14 17.0 17.2 0.13 4.32 4.45 — 17,090 17,090 0.92 0.91 21.9 17,407 Area 7.83 7.77 0.23 7.00 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 0.00 209 209 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 210 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 12 / 68
Energy 0.19 0.10 1.65 0.84 0.01 0.13 — 0.13 0.13 — 0.13 — 4,304 4,304 0.34 0.02 — 4,320 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 17.5 279 296 1.81 0.04 — 355 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 124 0.00 124 12.4 0.00 — 434 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 68.0 68.0
Total 21.7 20.6 11.6 81.4 0.20 0.29 17.0 17.3 0.28 4.32 4.60 141 21,883 22,024 15.5 0.98 89.9 22,793
3. Construction Emissions Details
3.1. Site Preparation (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
4.82 4.05 37.5 32.4 0.05 1.93 — 1.93 1.78 — 1.78 — 5,528 5,528 0.22 0.04 — 5,547 Dust
F
rom
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 5.66 5.66 — 2.69 2.69 — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.21 0.18 1.64 1.42 < 0.005 0.08 — 0.08 0.08 — 0.08 — 242 242 0.01 < 0.005 — 243 -------------------
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 13 / 68
Dust
F
rom
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.25 0.25 — 0.12 0.12 — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.04 0.03 0.30 0.26 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.01 — 0.01 — 40.1 40.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 40.3 Dust
F
rom
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.05 0.05 — 0.02 0.02 — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.08 0.07 0.08 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.23 0.00 0.05 0.05 — 227 227 0.01 0.01 0.02 230 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.11 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 91.8 91.8 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 96.1 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 10.1 10.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 10.2 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 4.02 4.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 4.21 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.67 1.67 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.69 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 14 / 68
Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.67 0.67 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.70 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.3. Grading (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
4.24 3.57 32.6 29.4 0.06 1.52 — 1.52 1.40 — 1.40 — 6,715 6,715 0.27 0.05 — 6,738 Dust
F
rom
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 2.67 2.67 — 0.98 0.98 — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.30 0.25 2.30 2.07 < 0.005 0.11 — 0.11 0.10 — 0.10 — 473 473 0.02 < 0.005 — 475 Dust
F
rom
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.19 0.19 — 0.07 0.07 — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -------------------
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 15 / 68
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.05 0.05 0.42 0.38 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 78.3 78.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 78.6 Dust
F
rom
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.03 0.03 — 0.01 0.01 — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.09 0.08 0.10 1.17 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.26 0.00 0.06 0.06 — 259 259 0.01 0.01 0.03 262 Vendor 0.02 0.01 0.46 0.14 < 0.005 0.01 0.11 0.12 0.01 0.03 0.04 — 398 398 0.01 0.06 0.03 416 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 18.5 18.5 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 18.7 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 28.0 28.0 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 29.3 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 3.06 3.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 3.10 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 4.64 4.64 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 4.86 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.5. Grading (2026) - Unmitigated
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 16 / 68
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
4.03 3.39 30.0 28.7 0.06 1.38 — 1.38 1.27 — 1.27 — 6,715 6,715 0.27 0.05 — 6,738 Dust
F
rom
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 2.67 2.67 — 0.98 0.98 — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.65 0.54 4.81 4.60 0.01 0.22 — 0.22 0.20 — 0.20 — 1,078 1,078 0.04 0.01 — 1,081 Dust
F
rom
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.43 0.43 — 0.16 0.16 — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.12 0.10 0.88 0.84 < 0.005 0.04 — 0.04 0.04 — 0.04 — 178 178 0.01 < 0.005 — 179 -------------------
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 17 / 68
———————0.030.03—0.080.08——————Dust
From
Mater
ial
Movement
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.09 0.08 0.09 1.09 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.26 0.00 0.06 0.06 — 254 254 < 0.005 0.01 0.02 257 Vendor 0.02 0.01 0.44 0.13 < 0.005 0.01 0.11 0.12 0.01 0.03 0.04 — 392 392 0.01 0.06 0.03 410 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 — 41.2 41.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.06 41.8 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.07 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 — 62.8 62.8 < 0.005 0.01 0.07 65.8 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 6.82 6.82 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 6.92 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 10.4 10.4 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 10.9 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.7. Building Construction (2026) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —------------------- 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 18 / 68
——————————————————Daily,
Summer
(Max)
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
2.56 2.14 19.6 25.2 0.05 0.75 — 0.75 0.69 — 0.69 — 4,817 4,817 0.20 0.04 — 4,833 Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
2.56 2.14 19.6 25.2 0.05 0.75 — 0.75 0.69 — 0.69 — 4,817 4,817 0.20 0.04 — 4,833 Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
1.42 1.19 10.9 14.0 0.03 0.42 — 0.42 0.38 — 0.38 — 2,677 2,677 0.11 0.02 — 2,686 Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.26 0.22 1.99 2.55 < 0.005 0.08 — 0.08 0.07 — 0.07 — 443 443 0.02 < 0.005 — 445 Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 19 / 68
Worker 1.75 1.58 1.46 26.7 0.00 0.00 4.87 4.87 0.00 1.14 1.14 — 5,134 5,134 0.22 0.18 17.4 5,210 Vendor 0.15 0.07 3.44 1.07 0.02 0.05 0.92 0.96 0.05 0.25 0.30 — 3,221 3,221 0.07 0.50 8.81 3,380 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 1.67 1.49 1.63 20.3 0.00 0.00 4.87 4.87 0.00 1.14 1.14 — 4,721 4,721 0.07 0.18 0.45 4,778 Vendor 0.14 0.06 3.59 1.10 0.02 0.05 0.92 0.96 0.05 0.25 0.30 — 3,223 3,223 0.07 0.50 0.23 3,374 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.92 0.82 0.99 11.8 0.00 0.00 2.66 2.66 0.00 0.62 0.62 — 2,657 2,657 0.04 0.10 4.18 2,693 Vendor 0.08 0.04 2.00 0.60 0.01 0.03 0.50 0.53 0.03 0.14 0.17 — 1,791 1,791 0.04 0.28 2.10 1,876 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.17 0.15 0.18 2.15 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.49 0.00 0.11 0.11 — 440 440 0.01 0.02 0.69 446 Vendor 0.01 0.01 0.37 0.11 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.09 0.10 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 — 296 296 0.01 0.05 0.35 311 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.9. Building Construction (2027) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
2.46 2.06 18.7 25.1 0.05 0.67 — 0.67 0.62 — 0.62 — 4,817 4,817 0.20 0.04 — 4,833 -------------------
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 20 / 68
0.000.000.000.000.000.00—0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00Onsite truck
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
2.46 2.06 18.7 25.1 0.05 0.67 — 0.67 0.62 — 0.62 — 4,817 4,817 0.20 0.04 — 4,833 Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
1.76 1.47 13.4 18.0 0.03 0.48 — 0.48 0.44 — 0.44 — 3,440 3,440 0.14 0.03 — 3,452 Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.32 0.27 2.44 3.28 0.01 0.09 — 0.09 0.08 — 0.08 — 570 570 0.02 < 0.005 — 572 Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 1.68 1.49 1.29 24.7 0.00 0.00 4.87 4.87 0.00 1.14 1.14 — 5,039 5,039 0.06 0.18 15.7 5,109 Vendor 0.14 0.07 3.31 1.04 0.02 0.05 0.92 0.96 0.05 0.25 0.30 — 3,162 3,162 0.07 0.47 8.05 3,313 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 21 / 68
Worker 1.60 1.41 1.46 18.7 0.00 0.00 4.87 4.87 0.00 1.14 1.14 — 4,635 4,635 0.07 0.18 0.41 4,689 Vendor 0.14 0.06 3.46 1.07 0.02 0.05 0.92 0.96 0.05 0.25 0.30 — 3,164 3,164 0.07 0.47 0.21 3,308 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 1.14 1.01 1.15 14.0 0.00 0.00 3.42 3.42 0.00 0.80 0.80 — 3,352 3,352 0.05 0.13 4.82 3,396 Vendor 0.10 0.05 2.46 0.75 0.02 0.03 0.65 0.68 0.03 0.18 0.21 — 2,259 2,259 0.05 0.34 2.48 2,364 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.21 0.18 0.21 2.56 0.00 0.00 0.62 0.62 0.00 0.15 0.15 — 555 555 0.01 0.02 0.80 562 Vendor 0.02 0.01 0.45 0.14 < 0.005 0.01 0.12 0.12 0.01 0.03 0.04 — 374 374 0.01 0.06 0.41 391 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.11. Building Construction (2028) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
2.37 1.98 17.8 25.1 0.05 0.60 — 0.60 0.55 — 0.55 — 4,818 4,818 0.20 0.04 — 4,834 Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
-------------------
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 22 / 68
4,834—0.040.204,8184,818—0.55—0.550.60—0.600.0525.117.81.982.37Off-Roa d
Equipm
ent
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
1.44 1.21 10.8 15.3 0.03 0.37 — 0.37 0.34 — 0.34 — 2,932 2,932 0.12 0.02 — 2,942 Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.26 0.22 1.97 2.79 0.01 0.07 — 0.07 0.06 — 0.06 — 485 485 0.02 < 0.005 — 487 Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 1.62 1.44 1.28 23.0 0.00 0.00 4.87 4.87 0.00 1.14 1.14 — 4,945 4,945 0.06 0.18 14.0 5,013 Vendor 0.14 0.07 3.15 1.01 0.02 0.05 0.92 0.96 0.05 0.25 0.30 — 3,090 3,090 0.05 0.47 7.33 3,240 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 1.40 1.36 1.45 17.4 0.00 0.00 4.87 4.87 0.00 1.14 1.14 — 4,549 4,549 0.07 0.18 0.36 4,603 Vendor 0.14 0.06 3.29 1.04 0.02 0.05 0.92 0.96 0.05 0.25 0.30 — 3,093 3,093 0.05 0.47 0.19 3,235 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 23 / 68
——————————————————Average
Daily
Worker 0.84 0.82 0.88 11.2 0.00 0.00 2.92 2.92 0.00 0.68 0.68 — 2,803 2,803 0.04 0.11 3.69 2,840 Vendor 0.09 0.04 2.02 0.63 0.01 0.03 0.55 0.58 0.03 0.15 0.18 — 1,881 1,881 0.03 0.29 1.92 1,970 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.15 0.15 0.16 2.04 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.53 0.00 0.12 0.12 — 464 464 0.01 0.02 0.61 470 Vendor 0.02 0.01 0.37 0.11 < 0.005 0.01 0.10 0.11 0.01 0.03 0.03 — 312 312 0.01 0.05 0.32 326 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.13. Paving (2026) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.91 0.76 7.12 9.94 0.01 0.32 — 0.32 0.29 — 0.29 — 1,511 1,511 0.06 0.01 — 1,516 Paving 0.44 0.44 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.91 0.76 7.12 9.94 0.01 0.32 — 0.32 0.29 — 0.29 — 1,511 1,511 0.06 0.01 — 1,516 Paving 0.44 0.44 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
-------------------
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 24 / 68
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.19 0.16 1.50 2.10 < 0.005 0.07 — 0.07 0.06 — 0.06 — 319 319 0.01 < 0.005 — 320 Paving 0.09 0.09 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.03 0.03 0.27 0.38 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 52.8 52.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 52.9 Paving 0.02 0.02 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.07 0.06 0.06 1.08 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.05 0.05 — 207 207 0.01 0.01 0.70 210 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.05 0.05 — 190 190 < 0.005 0.01 0.02 193 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 25 / 68
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 — 40.6 40.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.06 41.2 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 6.73 6.73 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 6.82 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.15. Architectural Coating (2028) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.17 0.14 1.08 1.49 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 178 178 0.01 < 0.005 — 179 Architect
ur
al
Coating
s
190 190 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.17 0.14 1.08 1.49 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 178 178 0.01 < 0.005 — 179 -------------------
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 26 / 68
————————————————190190Architect
ur
al
Coating
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.03 0.02 0.16 0.22 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 26.3 26.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 26.4 Architect
ur
al
Coating
s
28.0 28.0 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
< 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.04 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 4.36 4.36 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 4.38 Architect
ur
al
Coating
s
5.12 5.12 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.32 0.29 0.26 4.61 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.97 0.00 0.23 0.23 — 989 989 0.01 0.04 2.81 1,003 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 27 / 68
——————————————————Daily,
Winter
(Max)
Worker 0.28 0.27 0.29 3.49 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.97 0.00 0.23 0.23 — 910 910 0.01 0.04 0.07 921 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.14 0.00 0.03 0.03 — 136 136 < 0.005 0.01 0.18 138 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 — 22.6 22.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 22.9 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4. Operations Emissions Details
4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use
4.1.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
27.6 25.8 17.7 162 0.40 0.28 35.4 35.7 0.26 8.98 9.25 — 40,487 40,487 1.86 1.92 115 41,221 City
P
ark
0.04 0.04 0.04 0.40 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.10 0.10 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 — 111 111 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.32 113 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 28 / 68
Hotel 3.14 2.94 2.07 19.1 0.05 0.03 4.23 4.26 0.03 1.07 1.11 — 4,830 4,830 0.22 0.23 13.7 4,917 General
Office
Building
0.82 0.75 0.75 7.30 0.02 0.01 1.80 1.81 0.01 0.46 0.47 — 2,026 2,026 0.07 0.09 5.83 2,059 Library 9.59 8.83 7.70 73.7 0.19 0.13 17.5 17.7 0.13 4.45 4.58 — 19,812 19,812 0.75 0.86 56.8 20,145 High
T
urnover
(Sit
Down
Restaurant)
7.68 7.39 3.23 26.3 0.05 0.04 4.13 4.17 0.04 1.05 1.09 — 4,993 4,993 0.40 0.32 13.4 5,113 Fast
F
ood
Restaurant
with
Drive
Thru
7.24 6.90 3.58 30.8 0.07 0.05 5.70 5.75 0.05 1.45 1.49 — 6,686 6,686 0.41 0.37 18.5 6,826 Regiona
l
Shoppin
g
Center
16.9 16.1 9.00 79.0 0.18 0.13 15.5 15.6 0.12 3.93 4.05 — 17,999 17,999 1.01 0.95 50.2 18,358 Superm
ar
ket
18.2 17.1 11.3 102 0.25 0.18 21.9 22.1 0.17 5.57 5.73 — 25,167 25,167 1.20 1.22 71.1 25,631 Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surf
aces
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 91.2 85.8 55.3 501 1.19 0.86 106 107 0.80 27.0 27.8 — 122,112 122,112 5.92 5.96 344 124,381 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
25.9 24.2 18.9 141 0.37 0.28 35.4 35.7 0.26 8.98 9.25 — 38,074 38,074 1.96 1.98 2.97 38,717 City
P
ark
0.04 0.04 0.04 0.33 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.10 0.10 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 — 104 104 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 106 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 29 / 68
Hotel 2.96 2.75 2.22 16.6 0.04 0.03 4.23 4.26 0.03 1.07 1.11 — 4,542 4,542 0.23 0.23 0.36 4,617 General
Office
Building
0.78 0.70 0.80 6.06 0.02 0.01 1.80 1.81 0.01 0.46 0.47 — 1,902 1,902 0.07 0.09 0.15 1,931 Library 9.06 8.29 8.25 62.1 0.18 0.13 17.5 17.7 0.13 4.45 4.58 — 18,614 18,614 0.78 0.89 1.47 18,900 High
T
urnover
(Sit
Down
Restaurant)
7.18 6.88 3.44 25.1 0.05 0.04 4.13 4.17 0.04 1.05 1.09 — 4,715 4,715 0.43 0.33 0.35 4,826 Fast
F
ood
Restaurant
with
Drive
Thru
6.78 6.44 3.82 28.2 0.06 0.05 5.70 5.75 0.05 1.45 1.49 — 6,300 6,300 0.44 0.38 0.48 6,426 Regiona
l
Shoppin
g
Center
15.8 15.0 9.61 71.2 0.17 0.13 15.5 15.6 0.12 3.93 4.05 — 16,948 16,948 1.08 0.98 1.30 17,268 Superm
ar
ket
17.1 16.0 12.0 89.7 0.23 0.18 21.9 22.1 0.17 5.57 5.73 — 23,672 23,672 1.27 1.26 1.84 24,080 Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surf
aces
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 85.7 80.2 59.1 441 1.12 0.86 106 107 0.80 27.0 27.8 — 114,871 114,871 6.28 6.15 8.93 116,870 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
4.60 4.28 3.44 26.1 0.07 0.05 6.24 6.29 0.05 1.58 1.63 — 6,242 6,242 0.32 0.32 8.04 6,354 City
P
ark
< 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 9.44 9.44 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 9.59 Hotel 0.51 0.47 0.39 2.99 0.01 0.01 0.73 0.73 0.01 0.18 0.19 — 726 726 0.04 0.04 0.94 738 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 30 / 68
2410.310.010.01237237—0.060.06< 0.0050.240.24< 0.005< 0.0050.860.110.090.11General Office
Building
Library 1.41 1.29 1.32 10.1 0.03 0.02 2.71 2.73 0.02 0.69 0.71 — 2,677 2,677 0.11 0.13 3.49 2,722 High
T
urnover
(Sit
Down
Restaurant)
1.04 1.00 0.51 3.77 0.01 0.01 0.60 0.60 0.01 0.15 0.16 — 632 632 0.06 0.04 0.77 647 Fast
F
ood
Restaurant
with
Drive
Thru
0.97 0.92 0.56 4.20 0.01 0.01 0.81 0.82 0.01 0.21 0.21 — 836 836 0.06 0.05 1.05 854 Regiona
l
Shoppin
g
Center
2.33 2.20 1.44 10.9 0.02 0.02 2.26 2.28 0.02 0.57 0.59 — 2,302 2,302 0.15 0.13 2.92 2,348 Superm
ar
ket
2.68 2.51 1.93 14.7 0.04 0.03 3.42 3.45 0.03 0.87 0.89 — 3,430 3,430 0.18 0.18 4.41 3,493 Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surf
aces
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 13.7 12.8 9.70 73.6 0.18 0.14 17.0 17.2 0.13 4.32 4.45 — 17,090 17,090 0.92 0.91 21.9 17,407
4.2. Energy
4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 31 / 68
——————————————————Daily,
Summer
(Max)
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — — 9,277 9,277 0.68 0.08 — 9,318
City
P
ark
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,168 1,168 0.09 0.01 — 1,174 General
Office
Building
— — — — — — — — — — — — 325 325 0.02 < 0.005 — 326
Library — — — — — — — — — — — — 356 356 0.03 < 0.005 — 358 High
T
urnover
(Sit
Down
Restaurant)
— — — — — — — — — — — — 726 726 0.05 0.01 — 730
Fast
F
ood
Restaurant
with
Drive
Thru
— — — — — — — — — — — — 153 153 0.01 < 0.005 — 153
Regiona
l
Shoppin
g
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — — 738 738 0.05 0.01 — 741
Superm
ar
ket
— — — — — — — — — — — — 1,792 1,792 0.13 0.02 — 1,800
Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — — 145 145 0.01 < 0.005 — 146
Other
Asphalt
Surf
aces
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 14,681 14,681 1.07 0.13 — 14,747 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 32 / 68
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — — 9,277 9,277 0.68 0.08 — 9,318
City
P
ark
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,168 1,168 0.09 0.01 — 1,174 General
Office
Building
— — — — — — — — — — — — 325 325 0.02 < 0.005 — 326
Library — — — — — — — — — — — — 356 356 0.03 < 0.005 — 358 High
T
urnover
(Sit
Down
Restaurant)
— — — — — — — — — — — — 726 726 0.05 0.01 — 730
Fast
F
ood
Restaurant
with
Drive
Thru
— — — — — — — — — — — — 153 153 0.01 < 0.005 — 153
Regiona
l
Shoppin
g
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — — 738 738 0.05 0.01 — 741
Superm
ar
ket
— — — — — — — — — — — — 1,792 1,792 0.13 0.02 — 1,800
Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — — 145 145 0.01 < 0.005 — 146
Other
Asphalt
Surf
aces
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 14,681 14,681 1.07 0.13 — 14,747 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 33 / 68
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — — 1,536 1,536 0.11 0.01 — 1,543
City
P
ark
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — — 193 193 0.01 < 0.005 — 194 General
Office
Building
— — — — — — — — — — — — 53.8 53.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 54.0 Library — — — — — — — — — — — — 59.0 59.0 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 59.3 High
T
urnover
(Sit
Down
Restaurant)
— — — — — — — — — — — — 120 120 0.01 < 0.005 — 121
Fast
F
ood
Restaurant
with
Drive
Thru
— — — — — — — — — — — — 25.3 25.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 25.4 Regiona
l
Shoppin
g
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — — 122 122 0.01 < 0.005 — 123
Superm
ar
ket
— — — — — — — — — — — — 297 297 0.02 < 0.005 — 298
Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — — 24.1 24.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 24.2 Other
Asphalt
Surf
aces
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 2,431 2,431 0.18 0.02 — 2,441 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 34 / 68
4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
0.84 0.42 7.18 3.06 0.05 0.58 — 0.58 0.58 — 0.58 — 9,118 9,118 0.81 0.02 — 9,144 City
P
ark
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Hotel 0.05 0.03 0.47 0.39 < 0.005 0.04 — 0.04 0.04 — 0.04 — 559 559 0.05 < 0.005 — 561 General
Office
Building
0.01 0.01 0.11 0.09 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 133 133 0.01 < 0.005 — 133 Library 0.04 0.02 0.35 0.29 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 413 413 0.04 < 0.005 — 414 High
T
urnover
(Sit
Down
Restaurant)
0.06 0.03 0.51 0.43 < 0.005 0.04 — 0.04 0.04 — 0.04 — 609 609 0.05 < 0.005 — 611 Fast
F
ood
Restaurant
with
Drive
Thru
0.01 0.01 0.11 0.09 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 128 128 0.01 < 0.005 — 128 Regiona
l
Shoppin
g
Center
0.01 0.01 0.10 0.08 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 116 116 0.01 < 0.005 — 116 Superm
ar
ket
0.02 0.01 0.20 0.17 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 242 242 0.02 < 0.005 — 243 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 35 / 68
0.00—0.000.000.000.00—0.00—0.000.00—0.000.000.000.000.000.00Parking Lot
Other
Asphalt
Surf
aces
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 1.04 0.52 9.03 4.61 0.06 0.72 — 0.72 0.72 — 0.72 — 11,318 11,318 1.00 0.02 — 11,349 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
0.84 0.42 7.18 3.06 0.05 0.58 — 0.58 0.58 — 0.58 — 9,118 9,118 0.81 0.02 — 9,144 City
P
ark
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Hotel 0.05 0.03 0.47 0.39 < 0.005 0.04 — 0.04 0.04 — 0.04 — 559 559 0.05 < 0.005 — 561 General
Office
Building
0.01 0.01 0.11 0.09 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 133 133 0.01 < 0.005 — 133 Library 0.04 0.02 0.35 0.29 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 413 413 0.04 < 0.005 — 414 High
T
urnover
(Sit
Down
Restaurant)
0.06 0.03 0.51 0.43 < 0.005 0.04 — 0.04 0.04 — 0.04 — 609 609 0.05 < 0.005 — 611 Fast
F
ood
Restaurant
with
Drive
Thru
0.01 0.01 0.11 0.09 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 128 128 0.01 < 0.005 — 128 Regiona
l
Shoppin
g
Center
0.01 0.01 0.10 0.08 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 116 116 0.01 < 0.005 — 116 Superm
ar
ket
0.02 0.01 0.20 0.17 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 242 242 0.02 < 0.005 — 243 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 36 / 68
Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surf
aces
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 1.04 0.52 9.03 4.61 0.06 0.72 — 0.72 0.72 — 0.72 — 11,318 11,318 1.00 0.02 — 11,349 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
0.15 0.08 1.31 0.56 0.01 0.11 — 0.11 0.11 — 0.11 — 1,510 1,510 0.13 < 0.005 — 1,514 City
P
ark
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Hotel 0.01 < 0.005 0.09 0.07 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 92.6 92.6 0.01 < 0.005 — 92.9 General
Office
Building
< 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 22.0 22.0 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 22.0 Library 0.01 < 0.005 0.06 0.05 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 68.4 68.4 0.01 < 0.005 — 68.6 High
T
urnover
(Sit
Down
Restaurant)
0.01 0.01 0.09 0.08 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 101 101 0.01 < 0.005 — 101 Fast
F
ood
Restaurant
with
Drive
Thru
< 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 21.2 21.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 21.2 Regiona
l
Shoppin
g
Center
< 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 19.1 19.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 19.2 Superm
ar
ket
< 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 40.1 40.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 40.2 Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 37 / 68
Other
Asphalt
Surf
aces
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 0.19 0.10 1.65 0.84 0.01 0.13 — 0.13 0.13 — 0.13 — 1,874 1,874 0.17 < 0.005 — 1,879
4.3. Area Emissions by Source
4.3.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Source TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hearths 1.55 0.78 13.3 5.65 0.08 1.07 — 1.07 1.07 — 1.07 0.00 16,845 16,845 0.32 0.03 — 16,862 Consum
er
Product
s
35.9 35.9 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Architect
ur
al
Coating
s
2.80 2.80 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Landsca
pe
Equipm
ent
5.95 5.59 0.51 55.4 < 0.005 0.04 — 0.04 0.03 — 0.03 — 162 162 0.01 < 0.005 — 163 Total 46.2 45.1 13.8 61.1 0.09 1.11 — 1.11 1.10 — 1.10 0.00 17,007 17,007 0.32 0.03 — 17,025 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hearths 1.55 0.78 13.3 5.65 0.08 1.07 — 1.07 1.07 — 1.07 0.00 16,845 16,845 0.32 0.03 — 16,862 Consum
er
Product
s
35.9 35.9 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
-------------------
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 38 / 68
Architect
Coatings
2.80 2.80 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total 40.2 39.5 13.3 5.65 0.08 1.07 — 1.07 1.07 — 1.07 0.00 16,845 16,845 0.32 0.03 — 16,862 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hearths 0.02 0.01 0.17 0.07 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 0.00 191 191 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 191 Consum
er
Product
s
6.55 6.55 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Architect
ur
al
Coating
s
0.51 0.51 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Landsca
pe
Equipm
ent
0.74 0.70 0.06 6.93 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 18.4 18.4 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 18.5 Total 7.83 7.77 0.23 7.00 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 0.00 209 209 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 210
4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use
4.4.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — 62.4 1,472 1,534 6.50 0.16 — 1,746 City
P
ark
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 21.8 21.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 21.9 Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — 5.15 22.7 27.9 0.53 0.01 — 44.9 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 39 / 68
General
Office
Building
— — — — — — — — — — — 5.11 22.5 27.6 0.53 0.01 — 44.5
Library — — — — — — — — — — — 1.80 7.93 9.73 0.19 < 0.005 — 15.7 High
T
urnover
(Sit
Down
Restaurant)
— — — — — — — — — — — 9.69 42.7 52.4 1.00 0.02 — 84.5
Fast
F
ood
Restaurant
with
Drive
Thru
— — — — — — — — — — — 2.04 8.98 11.0 0.21 0.01 — 17.8
Regiona
l
Shoppin
g
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — 8.64 38.1 46.8 0.89 0.02 — 75.4
Superm
ar
ket
— — — — — — — — — — — 10.6 46.9 57.5 1.09 0.03 — 92.7
Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surf
aces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 105 1,683 1,789 10.9 0.27 — 2,143 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — 62.4 1,472 1,534 6.50 0.16 — 1,746 City
P
ark
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 21.8 21.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 21.9 Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — 5.15 22.7 27.9 0.53 0.01 — 44.9 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 40 / 68
General
Office
Building
— — — — — — — — — — — 5.11 22.5 27.6 0.53 0.01 — 44.5
Library — — — — — — — — — — — 1.80 7.93 9.73 0.19 < 0.005 — 15.7 High
T
urnover
(Sit
Down
Restaurant)
— — — — — — — — — — — 9.69 42.7 52.4 1.00 0.02 — 84.5
Fast
F
ood
Restaurant
with
Drive
Thru
— — — — — — — — — — — 2.04 8.98 11.0 0.21 0.01 — 17.8
Regiona
l
Shoppin
g
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — 8.64 38.1 46.8 0.89 0.02 — 75.4
Superm
ar
ket
— — — — — — — — — — — 10.6 46.9 57.5 1.09 0.03 — 92.7
Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surf
aces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 105 1,683 1,789 10.9 0.27 — 2,143 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — 10.3 244 254 1.08 0.03 — 289
City
P
ark
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 3.62 3.62 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 3.63 Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — 0.85 3.76 4.62 0.09 < 0.005 — 7.44 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 41 / 68
7.38—< 0.0050.094.583.730.85———————————General
Office
Building
Library — — — — — — — — — — — 0.30 1.31 1.61 0.03 < 0.005 — 2.60 High
T
urnover
(Sit
Down
Restaurant)
— — — — — — — — — — — 1.60 7.08 8.68 0.17 < 0.005 — 14.0 Fast
F
ood
Restaurant
with
Drive
Thru
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.34 1.49 1.82 0.03 < 0.005 — 2.94 Regiona
l
Shoppin
g
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — 1.43 6.31 7.74 0.15 < 0.005 — 12.5 Superm
ar
ket
— — — — — — — — — — — 1.76 7.76 9.52 0.18 < 0.005 — 15.3 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surf
aces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 17.5 279 296 1.81 0.04 — 355
4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use
4.5.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 42 / 68
——————————————————Daily,
Summer
(Max)
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — 395 0.00 395 39.5 0.00 — 1,381
City
P
ark
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.22 0.00 0.22 0.02 0.00 — 0.78
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — 31.3 0.00 31.3 3.13 0.00 — 109 General
Office
Building
— — — — — — — — — — — 7.52 0.00 7.52 0.75 0.00 — 26.3
Library — — — — — — — — — — — 14.9 0.00 14.9 1.49 0.00 — 52.1 High
T
urnover
(Sit
Down
Restaurant)
— — — — — — — — — — — 107 0.00 107 10.7 0.00 — 374
Fast
F
ood
Restaurant
with
Drive
Thru
— — — — — — — — — — — 21.7 0.00 21.7 2.17 0.00 — 76.0
Regiona
l
Shoppin
g
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — 34.5 0.00 34.5 3.44 0.00 — 121
Superm
ar
ket
— — — — — — — — — — — 137 0.00 137 13.7 0.00 — 479
Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surf
aces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 748 0.00 748 74.8 0.00 — 2,619 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 43 / 68
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — 395 0.00 395 39.5 0.00 — 1,381
City
P
ark
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.22 0.00 0.22 0.02 0.00 — 0.78
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — 31.3 0.00 31.3 3.13 0.00 — 109 General
Office
Building
— — — — — — — — — — — 7.52 0.00 7.52 0.75 0.00 — 26.3
Library — — — — — — — — — — — 14.9 0.00 14.9 1.49 0.00 — 52.1 High
T
urnover
(Sit
Down
Restaurant)
— — — — — — — — — — — 107 0.00 107 10.7 0.00 — 374
Fast
F
ood
Restaurant
with
Drive
Thru
— — — — — — — — — — — 21.7 0.00 21.7 2.17 0.00 — 76.0
Regiona
l
Shoppin
g
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — 34.5 0.00 34.5 3.44 0.00 — 121
Superm
ar
ket
— — — — — — — — — — — 137 0.00 137 13.7 0.00 — 479
Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surf
aces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 748 0.00 748 74.8 0.00 — 2,619 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 44 / 68
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — 65.4 0.00 65.4 6.53 0.00 — 229
City
P
ark
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.04 0.00 0.04 < 0.005 0.00 — 0.13 Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — 5.18 0.00 5.18 0.52 0.00 — 18.1 General
Office
Building
— — — — — — — — — — — 1.24 0.00 1.24 0.12 0.00 — 4.35
Library — — — — — — — — — — — 2.47 0.00 2.47 0.25 0.00 — 8.62 High
T
urnover
(Sit
Down
Restaurant)
— — — — — — — — — — — 17.7 0.00 17.7 1.77 0.00 — 61.9
Fast
F
ood
Restaurant
with
Drive
Thru
— — — — — — — — — — — 3.60 0.00 3.60 0.36 0.00 — 12.6
Regiona
l
Shoppin
g
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — 5.70 0.00 5.70 0.57 0.00 — 20.0
Superm
ar
ket
— — — — — — — — — — — 22.6 0.00 22.6 2.26 0.00 — 79.2
Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surf
aces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 124 0.00 124 12.4 0.00 — 434 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 45 / 68
4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use
4.6.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 9.22 9.22
City
P
ark
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 32.8 32.8
General
Office
Building
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.02 0.02
Library — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.04 0.04
High
T
urnover
(Sit
Down
Restaurant)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 9.35 9.35
Fast
F
ood
Restaurant
with
Drive
Thru
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.96 1.96
Regiona
l
Shoppin
g
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.23 0.23
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 46 / 68
357357————————————————Superm
arket
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 410 410
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 9.22 9.22
City
P
ark
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 32.8 32.8
General
Office
Building
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.02 0.02
Library — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.04 0.04
High
T
urnover
(Sit
Down
Restaurant)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 9.35 9.35
Fast
F
ood
Restaurant
with
Drive
Thru
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.96 1.96
Regiona
l
Shoppin
g
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.23 0.23
Superm
ar
ket
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 357 357
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 410 410
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 47 / 68
1.531.53————————————————Single
Family
Housing
City
P
ark
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00
Hotel — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 5.43 5.43
General
Office
Building
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — < 0.005 < 0.005
Library — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.01 0.01
High
T
urnover
(Sit
Down
Restaurant)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.55 1.55
Fast
F
ood
Restaurant
with
Drive
Thru
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.33 0.33
Regiona
l
Shoppin
g
Center
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.04 0.04
Superm
ar
ket
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 59.1 59.1
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 68.0 68.0
4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type
4.7.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 48 / 68
CO2eRN2OCH4CO2TNBCO2BCO2PM2.5TPM2.5DPM2.5EPM10TPM10DPM10ESO2CONOxROGTOGEquipm ent
Type
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type
4.8.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipm
ent
T
ype
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 49 / 68
4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type
4.9.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipm
ent
T
ype
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type
4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Vegetati
on
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 50 / 68
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Species TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Sequest
ered
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Remove
d
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
-------------------
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 51 / 68
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Sequest
ered
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Remove
d
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Sequest
ered
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Remove
d
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
5. Activity Data
5.1. Construction Schedule
Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Days Per Week Work Days per Phase Phase Description Site Preparation Site Preparation 11/5/2025 11/26/2025 5.00 16.0 — 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 52 / 68
Grading Grading 11/26/2025 03/23/2026 5.00 84.0 —
Building Construction Building Construction 03/23/2026 11/6/2028 5.00 686 — Paving Paving 07/23/2026 11/6/2026 5.00 77.0 —
Architectural Coating Architectural Coating 08/23/2028 11/6/2028 5.00 54.0 —
5.2. Off-Road Equipment
5.2.1. Unmitigated
Phase Name Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor Site Preparation Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Average 3.00 8.00 367 0.40 Site Preparation Crawler Tractors Diesel Average 4.00 8.00 87.0 0.43 Grading Excavators Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 36.0 0.38
Grading Graders Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 148 0.41
Grading Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 367 0.40 Grading Scrapers Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 423 0.48
Grading Crawler Tractors Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 87.0 0.43 Building Construction Cranes Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 367 0.29 Building Construction Forklifts Diesel Average 5.00 8.00 82.0 0.20 Building Construction Generator Sets Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 14.0 0.74 Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Back
hoes
Diesel Average 5.00 8.00 84.0 0.37
Building Construction Welders Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 46.0 0.45 Paving Pavers Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 81.0 0.42
Paving Paving Equipment Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 89.0 0.36 Paving Rollers Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 36.0 0.38
Architectural Coating Air Compressors Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 37.0 0.48
5.3. Construction Vehicles
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 53 / 68
5.3.1. Unmitigated
Phase Name Trip Type One-Way Trips per Day Miles per Trip Vehicle Mix Site Preparation — — — —
Site Preparation Worker 17.5 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Site Preparation Vendor 3.00 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Site Preparation Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Site Preparation Onsite truck — — HHDT
Grading — — — —
Grading Worker 20.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Grading Vendor 13.0 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Grading Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Grading Onsite truck — — HHDT
Building Construction — — — —
Building Construction Worker 372 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Building Construction Vendor 107 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Building Construction Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Building Construction Onsite truck — — HHDT
Paving — — — —
Paving Worker 15.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Paving Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Paving Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Paving Onsite truck — — HHDT
Architectural Coating — — — —
Architectural Coating Worker 74.5 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Architectural Coating Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Architectural Coating Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Architectural Coating Onsite truck — — HHDT
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 54 / 68
5.4. Vehicles
5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies
Non-applicable. No control strategies activated by user.
5.5. Architectural Coatings
Phase Name Residential Interior Area
Coated
(sq ft)
Residential Exterior Area
Coated
(sq ft)
Non-Residential Interior Area
Coated
(sq ft)
Non-Residential Exterior Area
Coated
(sq ft)
Parking Area Coated (sq ft)
Architectural Coating 2,916,000 972,000 344,189 114,730 34,081
5.6. Dust Mitigation
5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities
Phase Name Material Imported (cy) Material Exported (cy) Acres Graded (acres) Material Demolished (sq. ft.) Acres Paved (acres) Site Preparation — — 320 0.00 —
Grading — — 1,680 0.00 —
Paving 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.9
5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies
Control Strategies Applied Frequency (per day) PM10 Reduction PM2.5 Reduction Water Exposed Area 3 74% 74%
5.7. Construction Paving
Land Use Area Paved (acres) % Asphalt
Single Family Housing 8.82 0%
City Park 0.00 0%
Hotel 0.00 0%
General Office Building 0.00 0%
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 55 / 68
Library 0.00 0%
High Turnover (Sit Down Restaurant) 0.00 0%
Fast Food Restaurant with Drive Thru 0.00 0%
Regional Shopping Center 0.00 0%
Supermarket 0.00 0%
Parking Lot 3.07 100%
Other Asphalt Surfaces 9.97 100%
5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors kWh per Y ear and Emission Factor (lb/MWh)
Y ear kWh per Y ear CO2 CH4 N2O
2025 0.00 453 0.03 < 0.005
2026 0.00 453 0.03 < 0.005
2027 0.00 453 0.03 < 0.005
2028 0.00 453 0.03 < 0.005
5.9. Operational Mobile Sources
5.9.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Type Trips/Weekday Trips/Saturday Trips/Sunday Trips/Y ear VMT/Weekday VMT/Saturday VMT/Sunday VMT/Y ear Single Family
Housing
7,544 7,584 6,784 2,716,017 49,727 49,990 44,717 17,902,768 City Park 4.00 9.41 10.5 2,082 53.0 125 139 27,578
Hotel 848 855 630 298,521 5,923 5,975 4,398 2,085,156
General Office
Building
192 33.1 10.5 52,333 2,544 439 139 693,376
Library 2,162 2,403 1,263 754,815 22,281 24,760 13,012 7,778,475 High Turnover (Sit
Do
wn Restaurant)
1,786 2,039 2,376 695,863 4,387 5,009 5,837 1,709,283
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 56 / 68
Fast Food
Restaur
ant with
Drive Thru
1,636 2,156 1,654 625,218 6,107 8,050 6,175 2,334,026
Regional Shopping
Center
4,112 4,936 2,599 1,464,935 18,216 21,868 11,513 6,489,740 Supermarket 4,224 5,074 4,609 1,606,201 25,801 30,993 28,151 9,810,512 Parking Lot 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Other Asphalt
Surf
aces
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5.10. Operational Area Sources
5.10.1. Hearths
5.10.1.1. Unmitigated
Hearth Type Unmitigated (number)
Single Family Housing —
Wood Fireplaces 0
Gas Fireplaces 800
Propane Fireplaces 0
Electric Fireplaces 0
No Fireplaces 0
Conventional Wood Stoves 0
Catalytic Wood Stoves 0
Non-Catalytic Wood Stoves 0
Pellet Wood Stoves 0
5.10.2. Architectural Coatings
Residential Interior Area Coated (sq
ft)
Residential Exterior Area Coated (sq
ft)
Non-Residential Interior Area Coated
(sq
ft)
Non-Residential Exterior Area
Coated
(sq ft)
Parking Area Coated (sq ft)
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 57 / 68
2916000 972,000 344,189 114,730 34,081
5.10.3. Landscape Equipment
Season Unit Value
Snow Days day/yr 0.00
Summer Days day/yr 250
5.11. Operational Energy Consumption
5.11.1. Unmitigated
Electricity (kWh/yr) and CO2 and CH4 and N2O and Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Land Use Electricity (kWh/yr) CO2 CH4 N2O Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Single Family Housing 7,471,395 453 0.0330 0.0040 28,451,451 City Park 0.00 453 0.0330 0.0040 0.00
Hotel 940,998 453 0.0330 0.0040 1,745,474
General Office Building 261,648 453 0.0330 0.0040 413,800 Library 287,072 453 0.0330 0.0040 1,288,510
High Turnover (Sit Down
Restaur
ant)
585,014 453 0.0330 0.0040 1,900,220
Fast Food Restaurant with
Dr
ive Thru
122,902 453 0.0330 0.0040 399,206
Regional Shopping Center 594,189 453 0.0330 0.0040 360,601 Supermarket 1,443,587 453 0.0330 0.0040 755,314
Parking Lot 117,147 453 0.0330 0.0040 0.00
Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 453 0.0330 0.0040 0.00
5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption
5.12.1. Unmitigated
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 58 / 68
Land Use Indoor Water (gal/year) Outdoor Water (gal/year) Single Family Housing 32,539,020 181,588,668
City Park 0.00 3,315,245
Hotel 2,688,878 0.00
General Office Building 2,666,006 0.00
Library 938,667 0.00
High Turnover (Sit Down Restaurant) 5,056,872 0.00
Fast Food Restaurant with Drive Thru 1,062,368 0.00
Regional Shopping Center 4,510,276 0.00
Supermarket 5,547,070 0.00
Parking Lot 0.00 0.00
Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 0.00
5.13. Operational Waste Generation
5.13.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Waste (ton/year) Cogeneration (kWh/year)
Single Family Housing 732 —
City Park 0.41 —
Hotel 58.0 —
General Office Building 14.0 —
Library 27.6 —
High Turnover (Sit Down Restaurant) 198 —
Fast Food Restaurant with Drive Thru 40.3 —
Regional Shopping Center 63.9 —
Supermarket 254 —
Parking Lot 0.00 —
Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 —
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 59 / 68
5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment
5.14.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Type Equipment Type Refrigerant GWP Quantity (kg) Operations Leak Rate Service Leak Rate Times Serviced Single Family Housing Average room A/C &
Other
residential A/C
and heat pumps
User Defined 750 < 0.005 2.50 2.50 10.0
Single Family Housing Household
refr
igerators and/or
freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.12 0.60 0.00 1.00
City Park Other commercial A/C
and
heat pumps
User Defined 750 < 0.005 4.00 4.00 18.0
City Park Stand-alone retail
refr
igerators and
freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.04 1.00 0.00 1.00
Hotel Household
refr
igerators and/or
freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.00 0.60 0.00 1.00
Hotel Other commercial A/C
and
heat pumps
User Defined 750 1.80 4.00 4.00 18.0
Hotel Walk-in refrigerators
and
freezers
User Defined 150 < 0.005 7.50 7.50 20.0
General Office
Building
Household
refr
igerators and/or
freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.02 0.60 0.00 1.00
General Office
Building
Other commercial A/C
and
heat pumps
User Defined 750 < 0.005 4.00 4.00 18.0
Library Household
refr
igerators and/or
freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.02 0.60 0.00 1.00
Library Other commercial A/C
and
heat pumps
User Defined 750 < 0.005 4.00 4.00 18.0
Library Stand-alone retail
refr
igerators and
freezers
R-134a 1,430 < 0.005 1.00 0.00 1.00
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 60 / 68
Library Walk-in refrigerators
and
freezers
User Defined 150 < 0.005 7.50 7.50 20.0
High Turnover (Sit
Do
wn Restaurant)
Household
refr
igerators and/or
freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.00 0.60 0.00 1.00
High Turnover (Sit
Do
wn Restaurant)
Other commercial A/C
and
heat pumps
User Defined 750 1.80 4.00 4.00 18.0
High Turnover (Sit
Do
wn Restaurant)
Walk-in refrigerators
and
freezers
User Defined 150 < 0.005 7.50 7.50 20.0
Fast Food Restaurant
with
Drive Thru
Household
refr
igerators and/or
freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.00 0.60 0.00 1.00
Fast Food Restaurant
with
Drive Thru
Other commercial A/C
and
heat pumps
User Defined 750 1.80 4.00 4.00 18.0
Fast Food Restaurant
with
Drive Thru
Walk-in refrigerators
and
freezers
User Defined 150 < 0.005 7.50 7.50 20.0
Regional Shopping
Center
Other commercial A/C
and
heat pumps
User Defined 750 < 0.005 4.00 4.00 18.0
Regional Shopping
Center
Stand-alone retail
refr
igerators and
freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.04 1.00 0.00 1.00
Supermarket Other commercial A/C
and
heat pumps
User Defined 750 < 0.005 4.00 4.00 18.0
Supermarket Supermarket
refr
igeration and
condensing units
User Defined 150 26.5 16.5 16.5 18.0
5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment
5.15.1. Unmitigated
Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor
5.16. Stationary Sources
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 61 / 68
5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps
Equipment Type Fuel Type Number per Day Hours per Day Hours per Y ear Horsepower Load Factor
5.16.2. Process Boilers
Equipment Type Fuel Type Number Boiler Rating (MMBtu/hr) Daily Heat Input (MMBtu/day) Annual Heat Input (MMBtu/yr)
5.17. User Defined
Equipment Type Fuel Type
5.18. Vegetation
5.18.1. Land Use Change
5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Vegetation Land Use Type Vegetation Soil Type Initial Acres Final Acres
5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type
5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Biomass Cover Type Initial Acres Final Acres
5.18.2. Sequestration
5.18.2.1. Unmitigated
Tree Type Number Electricity Saved (kWh/year) Natural Gas Saved (btu/year) 14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 62 / 68
6. Climate Risk Detailed Report
6.1. Climate Risk Summary
Cal-Adapt midcentury 2040–2059 average projections for four hazards are reported below for your project location. These are under Representation Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 which assumes
GHG emissions will continue to rise strongly through 2050 and then plateau around 2100.
Climate Hazard Result for Project Location Unit
Temperature and Extreme Heat 28.0 annual days of extreme heat Extreme Precipitation 2.05 annual days with precipitation above 20 mm Sea Level Rise — meters of inundation depth
Wildfire 7.76 annual hectares burned
Temperature and Extreme Heat data are for grid cell in which your project are located. The projection is based on the 98th historical percentile of daily maximum/minimum temperatures from obser
ved historical data (32 climate model ensemble from Cal-Adapt, 2040–2059 average under RCP 8.5). Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3.7 miles (mi) by 3.7 mi.
Extreme Precipitation data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The threshold of 20 mm is equivalent to about ¾ an inch of rain, which would be light to moderate rainfall if receiv
ed over a full day or heavy rain if received over a period of 2 to 4 hours. Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3.7 miles (mi) by 3.7 mi.
Sea Level Rise data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The projections are from Radke et al. (2017), as reported in Cal-Adapt (Radke et al., 2017, CEC-500-2017-008), and consider
inundation location and depth for the San Francisco Bay, the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta and California coast resulting different increments of sea level rise coupled with extreme storm events. Users may select from four scenarios to view the range in potential inundation depth for the grid cell. The four scenarios are: No rise, 0.5 meter, 1.0 meter, 1.41 meters Wildfire data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The projections are from UC Davis, as reported in Cal-Adapt (2040–2059 average under RCP 8.5), and consider historical data of
climate, vegetation, population density, and large (> 400 ha) fire history. Users may select from four model simulations to view the range in potential wildfire probabilities for the grid cell. The four simulations make different assumptions about expected rainfall and temperature are: Warmer/drier (HadGEM2-ES), Cooler/wetter (CNRM-CM5), Average conditions (CanESM2), Range of different rainfall and temperature possibilities (MIROC5). Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3.7 miles (mi) by 3.7 mi.
6.2. Initial Climate Risk Scores
Climate Hazard Exposure Score Sensitivity Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score Temperature and Extreme Heat 3 0 0 N/A
Extreme Precipitation N/A N/A N/A N/A
Sea Level Rise 1 0 0 N/A
Wildfire 1 0 0 N/A
Flooding N/A N/A N/A N/A
Drought N/A N/A N/A N/A
Snowpack Reduction N/A N/A N/A N/A
Air Quality Degradation 0 0 0 N/A
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 63 / 68
The sensitivity score reflects the extent to which a project would be adversely affected by exposure to a climate hazard. Exposure is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the g
reatest exposure.
The adaptive capacity of a project refers to its ability to manage and reduce vulnerabilities from projected climate hazards. Adaptive capacity is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing
the greatest ability to adapt.
The overall vulnerability scores are calculated based on the potential impacts and adaptive capacity assessments for each hazard. Scores do not include implementation of climate risk reduction measures
.
6.3. Adjusted Climate Risk Scores
Climate Hazard Exposure Score Sensitivity Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score Temperature and Extreme Heat 3 1 1 3
Extreme Precipitation N/A N/A N/A N/A
Sea Level Rise 1 1 1 2
Wildfire 1 1 1 2
Flooding N/A N/A N/A N/A
Drought N/A N/A N/A N/A
Snowpack Reduction N/A N/A N/A N/A
Air Quality Degradation 1 1 1 2
The sensitivity score reflects the extent to which a project would be adversely affected by exposure to a climate hazard. Exposure is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the g
reatest exposure.
The adaptive capacity of a project refers to its ability to manage and reduce vulnerabilities from projected climate hazards. Adaptive capacity is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing
the greatest ability to adapt.
The overall vulnerability scores are calculated based on the potential impacts and adaptive capacity assessments for each hazard. Scores include implementation of climate risk reduction measures
.
6.4. Climate Risk Reduction Measures
7. Health and Equity Details
7.1. CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Scores
The maximum CalEnviroScreen score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects a higher pollution burden compared to other census tracts in the state.
Indicator Result for Project Census Tract
Exposure Indicators —
AQ-Ozone 99.1
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 64 / 68
AQ-PM 56.1
AQ-DPM 64.1
Drinking Water 10.2
Lead Risk Housing 19.2
Pesticides 62.3
Toxic Releases 54.3
Traffic 43.8
Effect Indicators —
CleanUp Sites 17.1
Groundwater 0.00
Haz Waste Facilities/Generators 40.9
Impaired Water Bodies 0.00
Solid Waste 0.00
Sensitive Population —
Asthma 72.0
Cardio-vascular 93.5
Low Birth Weights 68.4
Socioeconomic Factor Indicators —
Education 49.4
Housing 62.4
Linguistic 56.3
Poverty 60.6
Unemployment 58.4
7.2. Healthy Places Index Scores
The maximum Health Places Index score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects healthier community conditions compared to other census tracts in the state.
Indicator Result for Project Census Tract
Economic —
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 65 / 68
Above Poverty 46.40061594
Employed 68.38188118
Median HI 54.09983318
Education —
Bachelor's or higher 45.52803798
High school enrollment 100
Preschool enrollment 16.32234056
Transportation —
Auto Access 70.20402926
Active commuting 11.88245862
Social —
2-parent households 45.51520595
Voting 16.7842936
Neighborhood —
Alcohol availability 82.6767612
Park access 53.93301681
Retail density 39.66380085
Supermarket access 38.16245348
Tree canopy 0.898242012
Housing —
Homeownership 49.23649429
Housing habitability 68.70268189
Low-inc homeowner severe housing cost burden 15.42409855 Low-inc renter severe housing cost burden 85.268831
Uncrowded housing 85.268831
Health Outcomes —
Insured adults 21.95560118
Arthritis 90.5
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 66 / 68
Asthma ER Admissions 30.2
High Blood Pressure 79.9
Cancer (excluding skin) 85.3
Asthma 49.0
Coronary Heart Disease 94.7
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 86.1
Diagnosed Diabetes 80.8
Life Expectancy at Birth 17.2
Cognitively Disabled 33.5
Physically Disabled 52.4
Heart Attack ER Admissions 3.3
Mental Health Not Good 51.7
Chronic Kidney Disease 90.3
Obesity 37.0
Pedestrian Injuries 19.6
Physical Health Not Good 69.2
Stroke 88.3
Health Risk Behaviors —
Binge Drinking 20.5
Current Smoker 45.9
No Leisure Time for Physical Activity 52.7
Climate Change Exposures —
Wildfire Risk 18.6
SLR Inundation Area 0.0
Children 35.2
Elderly 94.0
English Speaking 77.1
Foreign-born 60.7
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 67 / 68
Outdoor Workers 46.4
Climate Change Adaptive Capacity —
Impervious Surface Cover 84.1
Traffic Density 36.6
Traffic Access 23.0
Other Indices —
Hardship 35.1
Other Decision Support —
2016 Voting 26.1
7.3. Overall Health & Equity Scores
Metric Result for Project Census Tract
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Score for Project Location (a) 63.0 Healthy Places Index Score for Project Location (b) 42.0 Project Located in a Designated Disadvantaged Community (Senate Bill 535) No Project Located in a Low-Income Community (Assembly Bill 1550) No Project Located in a Community Air Protection Program Community (Assembly Bill 617) No a: The maximum CalEnviroScreen score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects a higher pollution burden compared to other census tracts in the state. b: The maximum Health Places Index score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects healthier community conditions compared to other census tracts in the state.
7.4. Health & Equity Measures
No Health & Equity Measures selected.
7.5. Evaluation Scorecard
Health & Equity Evaluation Scorecard not completed.
7.6. Health & Equity Custom Measures
No Health & Equity Custom Measures created.
8. User Changes to Default Data
14556-Moreno Valley Towne Center (Unmitigated) Detailed Report, 12/13/2024 68 / 68
Screen Justification
Land Use Land uses modeled consistent with information provided in Traffic and on Site Plan Construction: Construction Phases Taken from latest provided construction schedule Construction: Off-Road Equipment Construction equipment based on consultation with the Project Team Construction: Dust From Material Movement Analysis conservatively assumes that up to 20 acres can be disturbed per day As
such, the “Total Acres Graded” field in CalEEMod has been revised to 320 acres for site preparation (20 acres disturbed per day x 16 working days) and 1680 acres for grading activities (20 acres disturbed per day x 84 working days) Construction: Trips and VMT Vendor Trips adjusted based on CalEEMod defaults for Building Construction and number of da
ys for Site Preparation, Grading, and Building Construction Construction: Architectural Coatings SCAQMD Rule 1113
Operations: Vehicle Data Trip characteristics based on information provided in the Traffic analysis P
ass-by and internal capture was accounted for in the "Pass By Trip" category.
Operations: Hearths SCAQMD Rule 445
Characteristics: Project Details —
Operations: Architectural Coatings SCAQMD Rule 1113
Operations: Refrigerants As of 1 January 2022, new commercial refrigeration equipment may not use refrigerants with a GWP
of 150 or greater. Further, R-404A (the CalEEMod default) is unacceptable for new supermarket and cold storage systems as of 1 January 2019 and 2023, respectively.
Beginning 1 January 2025, all new air conditioning equipment may not use refrigerants with a GWP of 750 or greater.
14556-11 EA Report
54 This page intentionally left blank
14556-11 EA Report
55 APPENDIX 4.2:
EMFAC2021
Source: EMFAC2021 (v1.0.2) Emissions Inventory
Region Type: Sub-Area
Region: Riverside (SC)
Calendar Year: 2025
Season: Annual
Vehicle Classification: EMFAC2007 Categories
Units: miles/day for CVMT and EVMT, trips/day for Trips, kWh/day for Energy Consumption, tons/day for Emissions, 1000 gallons/day for Fuel Consumption Region CalYr VehClass MdlYr Speed Fuel Population VMT Fuel_Consumption Fuel_Consumption Total Fuel VMT Total VMT Miles per Gallon Vehicle Class Riverside (SC) 2025 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 6.232252524 303.889871 0.078875502 78.87550173 324061.9332 303.889871 2014903.459 6.22 HHDT Riverside (SC) 2025 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 15281.49903 1950611.476 315.5182536 315518.2536 1950611.476 Riverside (SC) 2025 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 103.9487733 11894.93596 0 0 11894.93596 Riverside (SC) 2025 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 781.6601067 52093.15724 8.464804133 8464.804133 52093.15724 Riverside (SC) 2025 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 469318.5342 20373765.83 673.3165394 673316.5394 685799.5767 20373765.83 22281991.59 32.49 LDA Riverside (SC) 2025 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 1383.809245 49996.02059 1.157204906 1157.204906 49996.02059 Riverside (SC) 2025 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 23756.17576 1153396.904 0 0 1153396.904 Riverside (SC) 2025 LDA Aggregate Aggregate
Plug-in Hybrid 14087.23202 704832.8394 11.32583244 11325.83244 704832.8394 Riverside (SC) 2025 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 39844.42885 1499609.575 59.92078241 59920.78241 59994.79347 1499609.575 1508277.871 25.14 LDT1 Riverside (SC) 2025 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 16.26032827 298.1728862 0.012131898 12.13189805 298.1728862 Riverside (SC) 2025 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 84.57619148 4089.475353 0 0 4089.475353 Riverside (SC) 2025 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Plug-in Hybrid 76.19034646 4280.647946 0.061879155 61.87915548 4280.647946 Riverside (SC) 2025 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 201900.7772 8973973.952 360.0165635 360016.5635 362521.4419 8973973.952 9168424.554 25.29 LDT2 Riverside (SC) 2025 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 648.0824816 30519.42791 0.906087045 906.0870448 30519.42791 Riverside (SC) 2025 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 1658.408696 58637.73041 0 0 58637.73041 Riverside (SC) 2025 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Plug-in Hybrid 1963.286623 105293.4446 1.598791388 1598.791388 105293.4446 Riverside (SC) 2025 LHDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 17598.36242 652458.21 46.82732866 46827.32866 73403.79877 652458.21 1212550.7 16.52 LHDT1 Riverside (SC) 2025 LHDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 15075.59282 549831.8274 26.5764701 26576.4701 549831.8274 Riverside (SC) 2025 LHDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 149.6982853 10260.66293 0 0 10260.66293 Riverside (SC) 2025 LHDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 2462.303572 88408.90183 7.133200743 7133.200743 21661.35468 88408.90183 341190.0394 15.75 LHDT2 Riverside (SC) 2025 LHDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 6820.445818 250292.8301 14.52815394 14528.15394 250292.8301 Riverside (SC) 2025 LHDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 38.18158868 2488.307475 0 0 2488.307475 Riverside (SC) 2025 MCY Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 24005.46384 138549.7935 3.307549619 3307.549619 3307.549619 138549.7935 138549.7935 41.89 MCY Riverside (SC) 2025 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 157992.5704 6448292.677 323.4938203 323493.8203 328676.5122 6448292.677 6678432.543 20.32 MDV Riverside (SC) 2025 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 2427.253752 99526.12558 4.137752355 4137.752355 99526.12558 Riverside (SC) 2025 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 1830.142844 64565.5975 0 0 64565.5975 Riverside (SC) 2025 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Plug-in Hybrid 1324.504282 66048.14278 1.044939643 1044.939643 66048.14278 Riverside (SC) 2025 MH Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 4508.467531 38795.29207 7.939175542 7939.175542 9582.26868 38795.29207 55815.16631 5.82 MH Riverside (SC) 2025 MH Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 2015.081247 17019.87424 1.643093138 1643.093138 17019.87424 Riverside (SC) 2025 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 1219.56756 49718.98291 9.418016992 9418.016992 73843.62953 49718.98291 635118.1523 8.60 MHDT Riverside (SC) 2025 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 13275.74248 571359.1019 63.53271272 63532.71272 571359.1019 Riverside (SC) 2025 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 118.7135177 6143.919124 0 0 6143.919124 Riverside (SC) 2025 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 169.7860028 7896.148358 0.892899818 892.8998181 7896.148358 Riverside (SC) 2025 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 362.5102847 12151.28279 2.347950658 2347.950658 4510.758842 12151.28279 29688.04546 6.58 OBUS Riverside (SC) 2025 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 224.9321911 15183.67961 1.940769719 1940.769719 15183.67961 Riverside (SC) 2025 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 2.021694394 134.2617193 0 0 134.2617193 Riverside (SC) 2025 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 36.9521167 2218.821339 0.222038465 222.0384652 2218.821339 Riverside (SC) 2025 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 426.2067312 16859.59503 1.92304347 1923.04347 5926.536182 16859.59503 38036.5897 6.42 SBUS Riverside (SC) 2025 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 483.8964136 9931.139032 1.352394432 1352.394432 9931.139032 Riverside (SC) 2025 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 5.22909553 143.1587763 0 0 143.1587763 Riverside (SC) 2025 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 457.8096259 11102.69686 2.65109828 2651.09828 11102.69686 Riverside (SC) 2025 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 146.4959788 18545.85863 3.288543187 3288.543187 10964.44655 18545.85863 49731.99827 4.54 UBUS Riverside (SC) 2025 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 0.3117338 30.10971099 0.002675115 2.675115035 30.10971099 Riverside (SC) 2025 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 0.20926462 33.75780976 0 0 33.75780976 Riverside (SC) 2025 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 252.5418031 31122.27213 7.673228246 7673.228246 31122.27213 Source: EMFAC2021 (v1.0.2) Emissions Inventory
Region Type: Sub-Area
Region: Riverside (SC)
Calendar Year: 2026
Season: Annual
Vehicle Classification: EMFAC2007 Categories
Units: miles/day for CVMT and EVMT, trips/day for Trips, kWh/day for Energy Consumption, tons/day for Emissions, 1000 gallons/day for Fuel Consumption Region CalYr VehClass MdlYr Speed Fuel Population VMT Fuel_Consumption Fuel_Consumption Total Fuel VMT Total VMT Miles per Gallon Vehicle Class Riverside (SC) 2026 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 5.301713201 269.8155783 0.068469804 68.46980429 326183.3321 269.8155783 2063431.007 6.33 HHDT Riverside (SC) 2026 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 15687.78827 1988453.103 317.4311809 317431.1809 1988453.103 Riverside (SC) 2026 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 181.0556624 20854.79688 0 0 20854.79688 Riverside (SC) 2026 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 822.9858358 53853.29132 8.683681391 8683.681391 53853.29132 Riverside (SC) 2026 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 470220.2179 20338993.18 657.9019755 657901.9755 670683.7214 20338993.18 22423581.77 33.43 LDA Riverside (SC) 2026 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 1278.903087 45656.81459 1.04446634 1044.46634 45656.81459 Riverside (SC) 2026 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 27110.24505 1294343.513 0 0 1294343.513 Riverside (SC) 2026 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Plug-in Hybrid 15111.22646 744588.2646 11.73727955 11737.27955 744588.2646 Riverside (SC) 2026 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 39097.73904 1475770.596 57.77065353 57770.65353 57860.51954 1475770.596 1487146.031 25.70 LDT1 Riverside (SC) 2026 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 13.62192751 246.3725383 0.009960174 9.960173709 246.3725383 Riverside (SC) 2026 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 113.2552136 5510.233656 0 0 5510.233656 Riverside (SC) 2026 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Plug-in Hybrid 101.686721 5618.828531 0.079905828 79.90582849 5618.828531 Riverside (SC) 2026 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 207104.2919 9189016.153 359.2463978 359246.3978 361967.9264 9189016.153 9414279.735 26.01 LDT2 Riverside (SC) 2026 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 682.5626595 31821.71127 0.923868936 923.8689364 31821.71127 Riverside (SC) 2026 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 2094.273367 72949.08151 0 0 72949.08151 Riverside (SC) 2026 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Plug-in Hybrid 2291.195555 120492.7893 1.797659677 1797.659677 120492.7893 Riverside (SC) 2026 LHDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 17398.34216 648258.6134 45.43230342 45432.30342 71378.10447 648258.6134 1205852.586 16.89 LHDT1 Riverside (SC) 2026 LHDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 14868.32038 538771.2685 25.94580105 25945.80105 538771.2685 Riverside (SC) 2026 LHDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 286.9935654 18822.70429 0 0 18822.70429 Riverside (SC) 2026 LHDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 2430.034218 87077.56554 6.894650038 6894.650038 21104.05262 87077.56554 337819.1023 16.01 LHDT2 Riverside (SC) 2026 LHDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 6777.719033 246178.6334 14.20940258 14209.40258 246178.6334 Riverside (SC) 2026 LHDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 73.06243174 4562.903373 0 0 4562.903373 Riverside (SC) 2026 MCY Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 23937.33086 137142.5787 3.259850983 3259.850983 3259.850983 137142.5787 137142.5787 42.07 MCY Riverside (SC) 2026 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 157654.7501 6425602.492 314.7102388 314710.2388 319841.9429 6425602.492 6678197.896 20.88 MDV Riverside (SC) 2026 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 2395.180805 96875.32958 3.958815392 3958.815392 96875.32958 Riverside (SC) 2026 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 2298.450518 79855.22944 0 0 79855.22944 Riverside (SC) 2026 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Plug-in Hybrid 1539.714974 75864.84529 1.172888712 1172.888712 75864.84529 Riverside (SC) 2026 MH Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 4250.734566 36312.00617 7.425870006 7425.870006 9021.53348 36312.00617 52833.22222 5.86 MH Riverside (SC) 2026 MH Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 1981.725027 16521.21606 1.595663475 1595.663475 16521.21606 Riverside (SC) 2026 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 1204.155669 49534.83957 9.263997368 9263.997368 74067.74937 49534.83957 646239.7348 8.72 MHDT Riverside (SC) 2026 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 13571.64646 577213.7586 63.87135704 63871.35704 577213.7586 Riverside (SC) 2026 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 219.063018 11241.81607 0 0 11241.81607 Riverside (SC) 2026 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 180.8134913 8249.320573 0.932394966 932.394966 8249.320573 Riverside (SC) 2026 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 350.9276772 11597.74291 2.216471452 2216.471452 4375.818964 11597.74291 29375.18585 6.71 OBUS Riverside (SC) 2026 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 230.0918445 15233.6578 1.930307181 1930.307181 15233.6578 Riverside (SC) 2026 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 3.398598414 222.0634986 0 0 222.0634986 Riverside (SC) 2026 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 39.09901647 2321.721637 0.229040331 229.0403313 2321.721637 Riverside (SC) 2026 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 428.6165302 16957.83533 1.930418011 1930.418011 5931.110106 16957.83533 38160.16985 6.43 SBUS Riverside (SC) 2026 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 474.8674611 9627.108018 1.308586985 1308.586985 9627.108018 Riverside (SC) 2026 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 8.960082283 245.5300912 0 0 245.5300912 Riverside (SC) 2026 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 472.4302591 11329.69641 2.69210511 2692.10511 11329.69641 Riverside (SC) 2026 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 146.7792196 18580.60009 3.25315693 3253.15693 10939.25606 18580.60009 49832.17645 4.56 UBUS Riverside (SC) 2026 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 0.3117338 30.10971099 0.002675115 2.675114958 30.10971099 Riverside (SC) 2026 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 0.298524289 49.15190367 0 0 49.15190367 Riverside (SC) 2026 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 252.9741581 31172.31474 7.683424013 7683.424013 31172.31474 Source: EMFAC2021 (v1.0.2) Emissions Inventory
Region Type: Sub-Area
Region: Riverside (SC)
Calendar Year: 2027
Season: Annual
Vehicle Classification: EMFAC2007 Categories
Units: miles/day for CVMT and EVMT, trips/day for Trips, kWh/day for Energy Consumption, tons/day for Emissions, 1000 gallons/day for Fuel Consumption Region CalYr VehClass MdlYr Speed Fuel Population VMT Fuel_Consumption Fuel_Consumption Total Fuel VMT Total VMT Miles per Gallon Vehicle Class Riverside (SC) 2027 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 4.417589037 240.8696114 0.059741457 59.74145741 327553.1219 240.8696114 2112996.232 6.45 HHDT Riverside (SC) 2027 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 16021.09962 2023648.424 318.6419902 318641.9902 2023648.424 Riverside (SC) 2027 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 291.1277388 33695.26576 0 0 33695.26576 Riverside (SC) 2027 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 859.7365707 55411.6726 8.851390205 8851.390205 55411.6726 Riverside (SC) 2027 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 471235.7168 20354484.89 646.3182298 646318.2298 659332.1669 20354484.89 22605957.54 34.29 LDA Riverside (SC) 2027 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 1176.545459 41562.34596 0.941772786 941.772786 41562.34596 Riverside (SC) 2027 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 30348.88532 1428770.722 0 0 1428770.722 Riverside (SC) 2027 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Plug-in Hybrid 16056.71591 781139.586 12.07216427 12072.16427 781139.586 Riverside (SC) 2027 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 38425.04641 1456606.871 56.00411545 56004.11545 56110.21758 1456606.871 1471112.371 26.22 LDT1 Riverside (SC) 2027 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 8.182997029 149.5948697 0.005861932 5.861931679 149.5948697 Riverside (SC) 2027 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 147.7776311 7209.101259 0 0 7209.101259 Riverside (SC) 2027 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Plug-in Hybrid 130.963565 7146.803489 0.100240199 100.2401989 7146.803489 Riverside (SC) 2027 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 212339.9735 9414153.484 360.272054 360272.054 363211.8816 9414153.484 9671400.198 26.63 LDT2 Riverside (SC) 2027 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 713.6192887 33073.61643 0.942826085 942.8260853 33073.61643 Riverside (SC) 2027 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 2564.171691 88062.50525 0 0 88062.50525 Riverside (SC) 2027 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Plug-in Hybrid 2628.969244 136110.5925 1.997001514 1997.001514 136110.5925 Riverside (SC) 2027 LHDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 17212.0897 642894.8546 44.12357644 44123.57644 69419.14823 642894.8546 1201022.641 17.30 LHDT1 Riverside (SC) 2027 LHDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 14633.12771 526713.4197 25.29557179 25295.57179 526713.4197 Riverside (SC) 2027 LHDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 492.5286755 31414.36647 0 0 31414.36647 Riverside (SC) 2027 LHDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 2393.256129 85530.68603 6.657949773 6657.949773 20539.98243 85530.68603 334771.945 16.30 LHDT2 Riverside (SC) 2027 LHDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 6722.419556 241624.1987 13.88203265 13882.03265 241624.1987 Riverside (SC) 2027 LHDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 125.2869519 7617.060264 0 0 7617.060264 Riverside (SC) 2027 MCY Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 23872.84416 135933.3741 3.223711537 3223.711537 3223.711537 135933.3741 135933.3741 42.17 MCY Riverside (SC) 2027 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 157494.1298 6421344.406 307.9749594 307974.9594 313073.5241 6421344.406 6696600.902 21.39 MDV Riverside (SC) 2027 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 2354.829343 94400.81381 3.800171132 3800.171132 94400.81381 Riverside (SC) 2027 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 2779.433972 95116.63714 0 0 95116.63714 Riverside (SC) 2027 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Plug-in Hybrid 1757.393907 85739.04462 1.298393545 1298.393545 85739.04462 Riverside (SC) 2027 MH Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 4014.402617 34124.53465 6.984241305 6984.241305 8533.923074 34124.53465 50163.52077 5.88 MH Riverside (SC) 2027 MH Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 1945.315043 16038.98612 1.549681769 1549.681769 16038.98612 Riverside (SC) 2027 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 1187.040113 49189.22554 9.102215369 9102.215369 74108.25298 49189.22554 657629.6251 8.87 MHDT Riverside (SC) 2027 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 13823.92114 580928.627 64.04015234 64040.15234 580928.627 Riverside (SC) 2027 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 371.8319942 18951.18768 0 0 18951.18768 Riverside (SC) 2027 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 191.1860259 8560.584881 0.965885278 965.8852775 8560.584881 Riverside (SC) 2027 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 338.9861834 11067.86494 2.084603884 2084.603884 4234.382771 11067.86494 29125.06177 6.88 OBUS Riverside (SC) 2027 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 234.5197906 15307.11304 1.914675461 1914.675461 15307.11304 Riverside (SC) 2027 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 5.428935287 350.8664874 0 0 350.8664874 Riverside (SC) 2027 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 40.94802157 2399.217305 0.235103425 235.1034253 2399.217305 Riverside (SC) 2027 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 430.4295714 17027.29145 1.934694955 1934.694955 5925.808471 17027.29145 38269.32872 6.46 SBUS Riverside (SC) 2027 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 464.1146803 9303.444431 1.262004708 1262.004708 9303.444431 Riverside (SC) 2027 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 14.63497518 401.3400131 0 0 401.3400131 Riverside (SC) 2027 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 486.6196132 11537.25282 2.729108808 2729.108808 11537.25282 Riverside (SC) 2027 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 147.0093126 18606.89257 3.253359958 3253.359958 10959.60845 18606.89257 49932.35462 4.56 UBUS Riverside (SC) 2027 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 0.3117338 30.10971099 0.002674823 2.674822746 30.10971099 Riverside (SC) 2027 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 0.589513765 89.99316283 0 0 89.99316283 Riverside (SC) 2027 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 253.257931 31205.35917 7.703573673 7703.573673 31205.35917 Source: EMFAC2021 (v1.0.2) Emissions Inventory
Region Type: Sub-Area
Region: Riverside (SC)
Calendar Year: 2028
Season: Annual
Vehicle Classification: EMFAC2007 Categories
Units: miles/day for CVMT and EVMT, trips/day for Trips, kWh/day for Energy Consumption, tons/day for Emissions, 1000 gallons/day for Fuel Consumption Region endar Yehicle Catego Model Year Speed Fuel Population Total VMT Fuel_Consumption Fuel_Consumption Total Fuel VMT Total VMT Miles per Gallon Vehicle Class Riverside (SC) 2028 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 3.988581574 220.2375349 0.053426587 53.42658706 327968.5957 220.2375349 2164028.305 6.60 HHDT Riverside (SC) 2028 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 16286.45202 2055799.739 318.9296757 318929.6757 2055799.739 Riverside (SC) 2028 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 443.1127679 51388.26161 0 0 51388.26161 Riverside (SC) 2028 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 889.8391393 56620.06678 8.985493411 8985.493411 56620.06678 Riverside (SC) 2028 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 472360.9133 20372156.29 634.9783189 634978.3189 648196.1926 20372156.29 22779784.76 35.14 LDA Riverside (SC) 2028 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 1078.826078 37726.31375 0.844929589 844.9295888 37726.31375 Riverside (SC) 2028 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 33534.15965 1556851.62 0 0 1556851.62 Riverside (SC) 2028 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Plug-in Hybrid 16928.42831 813050.5364 12.37294411 12372.94411 813050.5364 Riverside (SC) 2028 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 37855.87026 1440444.902 54.36871858 54368.71858 54496.07482 1440444.902 1458584.787 26.76 LDT1 Riverside (SC) 2028 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 6.076587483 111.1215276 0.004270552 4.270551517 111.1215276 Riverside (SC) 2028 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 188.4728547 9182.136055 0 0 9182.136055 Riverside (SC) 2028 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Plug-in Hybrid 164.1063254 8846.627488 0.123085684 123.0856837 8846.627488 Riverside (SC) 2028 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 217588.1473 9627227.084 361.0416912 361041.6912 364204.6139 9627227.084 9917690.621 27.23 LDT2 Riverside (SC) 2028 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 743.8336965 34234.83166 0.959155323 959.1553231 34234.83166 Riverside (SC) 2028 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 3077.663905 104270.8577 0 0 104270.8577 Riverside (SC) 2028 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Plug-in Hybrid 2979.785378 151957.8474 2.203767446 2203.767446 151957.8474 Riverside (SC) 2028 LHDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 17013.08285 635719.8804 42.78386012 42783.86012 67372.46896 635719.8804 1197558.473 17.78 LHDT1 Riverside (SC) 2028 LHDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 14375.59914 513629.3418 24.58860884 24588.60884 513629.3418 Riverside (SC) 2028 LHDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 775.5486666 48209.25082 0 0 48209.25082 Riverside (SC) 2028 LHDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 2353.812331 83781.03596 6.417908056 6417.908056 19945.38855 83781.03596 332098.5234 16.65 LHDT2 Riverside (SC) 2028 LHDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 6657.214497 236631.625 13.52748049 13527.48049 236631.625 Riverside (SC) 2028 LHDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 197.0476771 11685.86241 0 0 11685.86241 Riverside (SC) 2028 MCY Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 23825.11116 134879.6959 3.188684508 3188.684508 3188.684508 134879.6959 134879.6959 42.30 MCY Riverside (SC) 2028 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 157471.3828 6419753.084 301.5064704 301506.4704 306577.6338 6419753.084 6718020.856 21.91 MDV Riverside (SC) 2028 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 2313.319617 92055.03155 3.64472254 3644.72254 92055.03155 Riverside (SC) 2028 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 3280.614214 110611.1646 0 0 110611.1646 Riverside (SC) 2028 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Plug-in Hybrid 1979.988786 95601.57573 1.426440918 1426.440918 95601.57573 Riverside (SC) 2028 MH Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 3792.760048 32136.12659 6.576552774 6576.552774 8080.877903 32136.12659 47700.74841 5.90 MH Riverside (SC) 2028 MH Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 1905.838717 15564.62182 1.50432513 1504.32513 15564.62182 Riverside (SC) 2028 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 1167.514336 48564.31923 8.892465984 8892.465984 73657.11404 48564.31923 669292.9757 9.09 MHDT Riverside (SC) 2028 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 14002.28475 581224.0545 63.77307861 63773.07861 581224.0545 Riverside (SC) 2028 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 604.2282857 30714.98313 0 0 30714.98313 Riverside (SC) 2028 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 199.9675247 8789.618879 0.991569449 991.5694486 8789.618879 Riverside (SC) 2028 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 327.7078639 10548.10232 1.966652018 1966.652018 4110.66287 10548.10232 28947.37014 7.04 OBUS Riverside (SC) 2028 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 238.556013 15389.24479 1.90528198 1905.28198 15389.24479 Riverside (SC) 2028 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 8.51445928 545.8268781 0 0 545.8268781 Riverside (SC) 2028 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 42.59688326 2464.196156 0.238728872 238.7288719 2464.196156 Riverside (SC) 2028 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 431.0753654 17042.56634 1.933025708 1933.025708 5903.130779 17042.56634 38344.63518 6.50 SBUS Riverside (SC) 2028 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 451.0585439 8951.328084 1.211406554 1211.406554 8951.328084 Riverside (SC) 2028 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 23.22081025 641.5412948 0 0 641.5412948 Riverside (SC) 2028 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 499.8225406 11709.19947 2.758698517 2758.698517 11709.19947 Riverside (SC) 2028 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 132.0967345 16779.39189 2.792318822 2792.318822 8165.960945 16779.39189 50032.53279 6.13 UBUS Riverside (SC) 2028 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Electricity 56.86515729 8885.94529 0 0 8885.94529 Riverside (SC) 2028 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Natural Gas 213.0114547 24367.19561 5.373642123 5373.642123 24367.19561
14556-11 EA Report
56 This page intentionally left blank