RK19739.2.doc
JN: 1742-2024-03
BRADSHAW COLLECTION (TTM 37858)
SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROJECT
AIR QUALITY, GREENHOUSE GAS, AND ENERGY
IMPACT STUDY
City of Moreno Valley, California
Prepared for:
Mr. Roger Hobbs
RC HOBBS COMPANY
1428 East Chapman Avenue
Orange, CA 92866
Prepared by:
RK ENGINEERING GROUP, INC.
1401 Dove Street, Ste. 540
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Bryan Estrada, AICP
Becca Morrison
Claire Stokes
September 22, 2025
um
engineering
groun,inc.
traffic engineering & design
transportation planning
parking
acoustical engineering
air quality & ghg
1401 dove street, ste. 540
newport beach, ca 92660
0 (949)474-0809
l'b rkengineer.com
Table of Contents
Section Page
1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................ 1-1
1.1 Site Location ....................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Project Description .............................................................................................. 1-1
1.3 Sensitive Receptors ............................................................................................. 1-2
1.4 Summary of Analysis Results ............................................................................... 1-3
1.5 Project Design Features (DF) ................................................................................ 1-4
2.0 Air Quality Setting .............................................................................................. 2-1
2.1 Description of Air Pollutants ................................................................................ 2-1
2.2 Federal and State Ambient Air Quality Standards ................................................ 2-4
2.3 Attainment Status .............................................................................................. 2-6
2.4 South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) .................................... 2-7
2.4.1 SCAQMD Rules and Regulations .............................................................. 2-8
2.5 Local Climate and Meteorology ........................................................................... 2-9
2.6 Local Air Quality ................................................................................................. 2-9
3.0 Global Climate Change Setting ............................................................................. 1
3.1 Greenhouse Gases ................................................................................................. 1
3.2 GHG Regulatory Setting – State of California .......................................................... 4
3.3 GHG Emissions Inventory ....................................................................................... 4
4.0 Modeling Parameters and Assumptions ............................................................. 4-1
4.1 Construction Assumptions .................................................................................. 4-1
4.2 Localized Construction Analysis Modeling Parameters ......................................... 4-2
4.3 Operational Assumptions .................................................................................... 4-3
4.3.1 Mobile Source Emissions ......................................................................... 4-3
4.3.2 Energy Source Emissions ......................................................................... 4-4
4.3.3 Area Source Emissions ............................................................................. 4-5
4.3.4 Other Sources of Operational Emissions .................................................. 4-5 r:,-n engine~ring
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Table of Contents
Section Page
5.0 Significance Thresholds ...................................................................................... 5-1
5.1 Air Quality Regional Significance Thresholds ........................................................ 5-1
5.2 Air Quality Localized Significance Thresholds ....................................................... 5-1
5.3 GHG Significance Thresholds .............................................................................. 5-2
5.3.1 SCAQMD GHG Interim Significance Thresholds ........................................ 5-2
6.0 Air Quality Impact Analysis ................................................................................. 6-1
6.1 Short-Term Air Quality Impacts – Construction .................................................... 6-1
6.1.1 Regional Emissions – Construction ........................................................... 6-1
6.1.2 Localized Emissions – Construction .......................................................... 6-2
6.1.3 Fugitive Dust – Construction .................................................................... 6-1
6.1.4 Odors – Construction .............................................................................. 6-2
6.1.5 Asbestos – Construction .......................................................................... 6-2
6.1.6 Diesel Particulate Matter – Construction .................................................. 6-3
6.2 Long-Term Air Quality Impacts – Operation ......................................................... 6-4
6.2.1 Regional Emissions – Operation ............................................................... 6-4
6.2.2 Localized Emissions – Operations ............................................................ 6-4
6.2.3 Odors – Operation .................................................................................. 6-5
6.2.4 Toxic Air Contaminants – Operations ....................................................... 6-5
7.0 Greenhouse Gas Impact Analysis ........................................................................ 7-1
7.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions – Construction .......................................................... 7-1
7.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions – Operations ............................................................. 7-2
8.0 Energy Impact Analysis ....................................................................................... 8-1
8.1 Study Objectives ................................................................................................. 8-1
8.2 Utility Providers ................................................................................................... 8-1
8.3 Project Energy Consumption ............................................................................... 8-1
8.3.1 Electricity Consumption ........................................................................... 8-1 r:,-n engine~ring
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Table of Contents
Section Page
8.3.2 Natural Gas Consumption ....................................................................... 8-2
8.3.3 Petroleum Consumption .......................................................................... 8-3
8.4 Summary of Project Energy Consumption ............................................................ 8-8
8.5 Energy Impacts ................................................................................................... 8-8
8.5.1 Energy Impact – A ................................................................................... 8-8
8.5.2 Energy Impact – B ................................................................................... 8-9
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List of Exhibits
Exhibits
Location Map ...................................................................................................................... A Site Plan .............................................................................................................................. B r:,-n engine~ring
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List of Tables
Tables
Project Land Use Summary ................................................................................................. 1 CEQA Air Quality Impact Criteria ......................................................................................... 2 CEQA GHG Impact Criteria ................................................................................................. 3 CEQA Energy Impact Criteria ............................................................................................... 4 Federal and State Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS) ..................................................... 5 South Coast Air Basin Attainment Status ............................................................................. 6 Meteorological Summary .................................................................................................... 7 Local Air Quality ................................................................................................................. 8 Global Warming Potential of Greenhouse Gases .................................................................. 9 GHG Emissions Inventory .................................................................................................... 10 Construction Equipment Assumptions ................................................................................. 11 Operational Vehicle Miles Traveled ...................................................................................... 12 Operational Vehicle Mix ..................................................................................................... 13 Operational Water Usage and Waste Generation ................................................................. 14 SCAQMD Regional Significance Thresholds ......................................................................... 15 SCAQMD Localized Significance Thresholds (LST) ................................................................. 16 Regional Construction Emissions ........................................................................................ 17 Localized Construction Emissions ........................................................................................ 18 Regional Operational Emissions .......................................................................................... 19 Localized Operational Emissions ......................................................................................... 20 Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions ............................................................................. 21 r:,-n engine~ring
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List of Tables
Tables
Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions .............................................................................. 22 Utility Providers .................................................................................................................. 23 Project Electricity Consumption ........................................................................................... 24 Project Natural Gas Consumption ........................................................................................ 25 Construction Off-Road Equipment Energy Consumption ...................................................... 26 Construction On-Road Trips Energy Consumption ................................................................ 27 Operational Trips Energy Consumption – Annual ................................................................ 28 Annual Energy Consumption ............................................................................................... 29
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List of Appendices
Appendices
Emissions Calculations Outputs (CalEEMod) ......................................................................... A EMFAC2021 Vehicle Fuel Consumption Data ....................................................................... B
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1.0 Introduction
The purpose of this air quality , greenhouse gas (GHG) , and energy impact study is to determine whether the estimated energy usage and criteria air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions generated from the construction and operation of the TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project (hereinafter referred to as “project”) would cause significant impacts to air resources.
This assessment was conducted within the context of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA, California Public Resources Code Sections 21000, et seq.). The methodology follows the California Air Resources Board (CARB), the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), and City of Moreno Valley recommendations for quantification of emissions and evaluation of potential impacts.
The study also evaluates the potential impact on energy conservation pursuant to CEQA Guidelines, Appendix F, Energy Conservation Analysis, and the use of renewable energy sources.
1.1 Site Location
The proposed project is located at the northeast corner of Cactus Avenue and Bradshaw Circle, in the City of Moreno Valley. The proposed project site is 4.81 gross acres and is currently vacant.
The project site is bounded by residential land uses to the north, vacant land to the east, vacant land and Bradshaw Circle to the west, and Cactus Avenue to the south.
A project location map is provided in Exhibit A.
1.2 Project Description
The proposed project consists of constructing thirty -seven (37) single-family detached homes with a density of 7.90 dwelling units per acre. Access to the project is proposed via two (2) unsignalized driveways located along Bradshaw Circle.
Construction activities are expected to consist of site preparation, grading, building construction, paving, and architectural coating. No demolition is expected to be required during construction.
The project will require the export of approximately 8,000 cubic yards of earthwork material for grading purposes.
The site plan used for this analysis, provided by RC HOBBS COMPANY, INC., is illustrated in Exhibit B. Table 1 summarizes the land use assumptions used for this analysis. r:,-n engine~ring
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Table 1
Project Land Use Summary
Project Land Use CalEEMod Land Use Category Quantity Metric1 Single-Family Housing Single Family Housing 37 DU
On-Site Paved Surfaces Parking Lot 58.8 TSF
1 DU = Dwelling Unit
TSF = Thousand Square Feet
1.3 Sensitive Receptors
Sensitive receptors are considered land uses or other types of population groups that are more sensitive to air pollution exposure. Sensitive population groups include children, the elderly, the acutely and chronically ill, and those with cardio-respiratory diseases.
For CEQA purposes, the SCAQMD considers a sensitive receptor to be a location where a sensitive individual could remain for 24 hours or longer, such as residences, hospitals, and schools (etc), as described in the Localized Significance Threshold Methodology (SCAQMD 2008a, page 3-2). There are several sensitive land uses adjacent to the project site, including the following:
Northern Receptors Existing residential land uses located along the northern boundary of the project site, approximately 663 feet north of the centerline of Cactus Avenue.
Eastern Receptors Existing residential land uses located approximately 661 feet (~202 meters) east of the project site’s eastern boundary, approximately 54 feet north of the centerline of Cactus Avenue.
Southern Receptors Existing residential land uses located approximately 90 feet (~27 meters) south of the project site’s southern boundary, approximately 58 feet south of the centerline of Cactus Avenue.
Western Receptors Existing residential land uses located approximately 50 feet (~16 meters) west of the project site’s western boundary, approximately 44 feet north of the centerline of Cactus Avenue.
For the purposes of this analysis, sensitive receptors are conservatively assumed to be less than 25 meters from the project site. A project site location map, including sensitive receptor locations, is provided in Exhibit A.
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1.4 Summary of Analysis Results
Table 2 provides a summary of the CEQA air quality impact analysis results.
Table 2
CEQA Air Quality Impact Criteria
Air Quality Impact Criteria Potentially
Significant
Potentially
Significant
Unless
Mitigated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
Would the project:
a) Conflict with, or obstruct implementation of, the
applicable air quality plan?
X
c) Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is
in non -attainment under an applicable Federal or
State ambient air quality standard?
X
d) Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant
concentrations?
X
e)
Result in other emissions (such as those leading to
odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of
people?
X
Table 3 provides a summary of the CEQA GHG impact criteria analysis results.
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Table 3
CEQA GHG Impact Criteria
GHG Impact Criteria Potentially
Significant
Potentially
Significant
Unless
Mitigated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
Would the project:
a) Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly
or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on
the environment?
X
b) Conflict with an applicable plan, policy, or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing emissions of
greenhouse gases?
X
Table 4 provides a summary of the CEQA energy impact criteria analysis results.
Table 4
CEQA Energy Impact Criteria
Energy Impact Criteria Potentially
Significant
Potentially
Significant
Unless
Mitigated
Less Than
Significant
Impact
No
Impact
Would the project:
a) Result in a potentially significant environmental
impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary
consumption of energy?
X
b) Conflict with or obstruct a State and/or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency? X
1.5 Project Design Features (DF)
The following design features include several standard rules and requirements, best practices and building code requirements for reducing air quality and GHG emissions. Design features are assumed to be integrated into the project design and required as part of the conditions of approval of the project. Design features are not considered to be mitigation under CEQA.
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Construction Design Features:
DF-1 The project will follow the SCAQMD rules and requirements for fugitive dust control, which includes, but are not limited to the following:
1. All active construction areas shall be watered two (2) times daily.
2. Speed on unpaved roads shall be reduced to less than 15 mph.
3. Any visible dirt deposition on any public roadway shall be swept or washed at the site access points within 30 minutes.
4. Any on-site stockpiles of debris, dirt or other dusty material shall be covered or watered twice daily.
5. All operations on any unpaved surface shall be suspended if winds exceed 15 mph.
6. Access points shall be washed or swept daily.
7. Construction sites shall be sandbagged for erosion control.
8. Apply nontoxic chemical soil stabilizers according to manufacturers’ specifications to all inactive construction areas (previously graded areas inactive for 10 days or more).
9. Cover all trucks hauling dirt, sand, soil, or other loose materials, and maintain at least 2 feet of freeboard space in accordance with the requirements of California Vehicle Code (CVC) section 23114.
10. Pave or gravel construction access roads at least 100 feet onto the site from the main road and use gravel aprons at truck exits.
11. Replace the ground cover of disturbed areas as quickly possible.
DF-2 Construction equipment shall be maintained in proper tune.
DF-3 All construction vehicles shall be prohibited from excessive idling. Excessive idling is defined as five (5) minutes or longer.
DF-4 Establish staging areas for the construction equipment that are as distant as possible from adjacent residential homes.
Operational Design Features:
DF-5 The project will comply with the mandatory requirements of the California Building Standards Code, Title 24, Part 6 (Energy Code) and Part 11 (CALGreen), including, but not limited to:
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• Install low flow fixtures and toilets, water efficient irrigation systems, drought tolerant/native landscaping, on-site storm water capture, and reduce the amount of turf.
• Provide the necessary infrastructure to support electric vehicle charging. • Provide solar installations per the prescribed Energy Design Ratings.
DF-6 Participate in the local waste management recycling and composting programs.
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2.0 Air Quality Setting
The Federal Clean Air Act (§ 7602) defines air pollution as any agent or combination of such agents, including any physical, chemical, biological, or radioactive substance which is emitted into or otherwise enters the ambient air. Household combustion devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities and forest fires are common sources of air pollution. Air pollution can cause disease, allergies and death. It affects soil, water, crops, vegetation, manmade materials, animals, wildlife, weather, visibility, and climate. It can also cause damage to and deterioration of property, present hazards to transportation, and negatively impact the economy.
This section provides background information on criteria air pollutants, the applicable federal, state and local regulations concerning air pollution, and the existing physical setting of the project within the context of local air quality.
2.1 Description of Air Pollutants
The following section describes the air pollutants of concern related to the project. Criteria air pollutants are defined as those pollutants for which the federal and state governments have established air quality standards for outdoor or ambient concentrations to protect public health.
The following descriptions of criteria air pollutants have been provided by the SCAQMD. • Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, toxic gas produced by incomplete combustion of carbon -containing fuels (e.g., gasoline, diesel fuel, and biomass). Sources include motor vehicle exhaust, industrial processes (metals processing and chemical manufacturing), residential wood burning, and natural sources. CO is somewhat soluble in water; therefore, rainfall and fog can suppress CO conditions. CO enters the body through the lungs, dissolves in the blood, and competes with oxygen, often replacing it in the blood, thus reducing the blood's ability to transport oxygen to vital organs in the body. The ambient air quality standard for carbon monoxide is intended to protect persons whose medical condition already compromises their circulatory system's ability to deliver oxygen. These medical conditions include certain heart ailments, chronic lung diseases, and anemia. Persons with these conditions have reduced exercise capacity even when exposed to relatively low levels of CO. Fetuses are at risk because their blood has an even greater affinity to bind with CO. Smokers are also at risk from ambient CO levels because smoking increases the background level of CO in their blood. The South Coast basin has recently achieved attainment status for carbon monoxide by both USEPA and CARB.
• Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) is a byproduct of fuel combustion. The principal form of nitrogen oxide produced by combustion is nitric oxide (NO), but NO reacts quickly to form NO 2, creating the mixture of NO and NO 2 commonly called NOx. NO2 acts as an acute irritant and, r:,-n engine~ring
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in equal concentrations, is more injurious than NO. At atmospheric concentrations, however, NO2 is only potentially irritating. There is some indication of a relationship between NO 2 and chronic pulmonary fibrosis. Some increase in bronchitis in young children has also been observed at concentrations below 0.3 parts per million (ppm). NO 2 absorbs blue light which results in a brownish red cast to the atmosphere and reduced visibility. Although NO 2 concentrations have not exceeded national standards since 1991 and the state hourly standard since 1993, NO x emissions remain of concern because of their contribution to the formation of O3 and particulate matter.
• Ozone (O3) is one of a number of substances called photochemical oxidants that are formed when volatile organic compounds (VOC) and NO x react in the presence of ultraviolet sunlight. O 3 concentrations in the South Coast basin are typically among the highest in the nation, and the damaging effects of photochemical smog, which is a popular name for a number of oxidants in combination, are generally related to the concentrations of O 3.
Individuals exercising outdoors, children, and people with preexisting lung disease, such as asthma and chronic pulmonary lung disease, are considered to be the subgroups most susceptible to O 3 effects. Short -term exposures (lasting for a few hours) to O 3 at levels typically observed in southern California can result in breathing pattern changes, reduction of breathing capacity, increased susceptibility to infections, inflammation of the lung tissue, and some immunological changes. In recent years, a correlation between elevated ambient O 3 levels and increases in daily hospital admission rates, as well as mortality, has also been reported. The South Coast Air Basin is designated by the USEPA as an extreme non - attainment area for ozone. Although O 3 concentrations have declined substantially since the early 1990s, the South Coast basin continues to have peak O 3 levels that exceed both state and federal standards.
• Fine Particulate Matter (PM 10) consists of extremely small suspended particles or droplets 10 microns or smaller in diameter that can lodge in the lungs, contributing to respiratory problems. PM10 arises from such sources as re -entrained road dust, diesel soot, combustion products, tire and brake abrasion, construction operations, and fires. It is also formed in the atmosphere from NO x and SO2 reactions with ammonia. PM 10 scatters light and significantly reduces visibility. Inhalable particulates pose a serious health hazard, alone or in combination with other pollutants. More than half of the smallest particles inhaled will be deposited in the lungs and can cause permanent lung damage. Inhalable particulates can also have a damaging effect on health by interfering with the body’s mechanism for clearing the respiratory tract or by acting as a carrier of an absorbed toxic substance. The South Coast basin has recently achieved federal attainment status for PM 10, but is non -attainment based on state requirements.
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• Ultra-Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) is defined as particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 microns and is a subset of PM 10. PM2.5 consists mostly of products from the reaction of NOx and SO2 with ammonia, secondary organics, finer dust particles, and the combustion of fuels, including diesel soot. PM 2.5 can cause exacerbation of symptoms in sensitive patients with respiratory or cardiovascular disease, declines in pulmonary function growth in children, and increased risk of premature death from heart or lung diseases in the elderly. Daily fluctuations in PM 2.5 levels have been related to hospital admissions for acute respiratory conditions, school absences, and increased medication use in children and adults with asthma. The South Coast basin is designated as non-attainment for PM2.5 by both federal and state standards.
• Sulfur dioxide (SO 2) is a colorless, pungent gas formed primarily by the combustion of sulfur-containing fossil fuels. Health effects include acute respiratory symptoms and difficulty in breathing for children. Individuals with asthma may experience constriction of airways with exposure to SO 2. Though SO 2 concentrations have been reduced to levels well below state and federal standards, further reductions in SO 2 emissions are needed because SO 2 is a precursor to sulfate and PM 10. The South Coast basin is considered a SO 2 attainment area by USEPA and CARB.
• Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal that can be emitted into the air through some industrial processes, burning of leaded gasoline and past use of lead-based consumer products. Lead is a neurotoxin that accumulates in soft tissues and bones, damages the nervous system, and causes blood disorders. It is particularly problematic in children, in that permanent brain damage may result, even if blood levels are promptly normalized with treatment.
Concentrations of lead once exceeded the state and federal air quality standards by a wide margin, but a s a result of the removal of lead from motor vehicle gasoline, ambient air quality standards for lead have not been exceeded since 1982 . Though special monitoring sites immediately downwind of lead sources recorded localized violations of the state standard in 1994, no violations have been recorded since. Consequently, the South Coast basin is designated as an attainment area for lead by both the USEPA and CARB. This report does not analyze lead emissions from the project, as it is not expected to emit lead in any significant measurable quantity.
• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), although not actually a criteria air pollutant, VOCs are regulated by the SCAQMD because they cause chemical reactions which contribute to the formation of ozone. VOCs are also transformed into organic aerosols in the atmosphere, contributing to higher PM 10 and lower visibility levels. S ources of VOCs include combustion engines, and evaporative emissions associated with fuel, paints and solvents, asphalt paving, and the use of household consumer products such as aerosols. Although health -based standards have not been established for VOCs, health effects can occur from exposures to r:,-n enuine~ring
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high concentrations of VOC. Some hydrocarbon components classified as VOC emissions are hazardous air pollutants. Benzene, for example, is a hydrocarbon component of VOC emissions that are known to be a human carcinogen. The term reactive organic gases (ROG) are often used interchangeably with VOC.
• Toxic Air Contaminants (TACs) are defined as air pollutants which may cause or contribute to an increase in mortality or serious illness, or which may pose a hazard to human health, and for which there is no concentration that does not present some risk. This contrasts with the criteria pollutants, in that there is no threshold level for TAC exposure below which adverse health impacts are not expected to occur. The majority of the estimated health risk from TACs can be attributed to a relatively few compounds, the most common being diesel particulate matter (DPM) from diesel engine exhaust. In addition to DPM, benzene and 1,3 -butadiene are also significant contributors to overall ambient public health risk in California.
2.2 Federal and State Ambient Air Quality Standards
The Federal Clean Air Act, which was last amended in 1990, requires the EPA to set National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for criteria pollutants considered harmful to public health and the environment. The State of California has also established additional and more stringent California Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) in addition to the seven criteria pollutants designated by the federal government.
AAQS are designed to protect the health and welfare of the populace with a reasonable margin of safety. The standards are divided into two categories, primary standards and secondary standards.
Primary standards are implemented to provide protection for the “sensitive” populations such as those with asthma, or the children and elderly. Secondary standards are to provide protection against visible pollution as well as damage to the surrounding environment, including animals, crops, and buildings.
Table 5 shows the Federal and State Ambient Air Quality Standards.
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Table 5
Federal and State Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS)1 Air Pollutant Averaging Time 2 Federal Standard
(NAAQS)2
California Standard
(CAAQS)2
Ozone
1 Hour -- 0.09 ppm
8 Hour 8 Hour 0.070 ppm
Carbon Monoxide
(CO)
1 Hour 35 ppm 20 ppm
8 Hour 9 ppm 9 ppm
Nitrogen Dioxide
(NO2)
1 Hour 0.100 ppm 0.18 ppm
Annual 0.053 ppm 0.030 ppm
Sulfur Dioxide
(SO2)
1 Hour 0.075 ppm 0.25 ppm
3 Hour 0.5 ppm3 --
24 Hour -- 0.04 ppm
Particulate Matter
(PM10)
24 Hour 150 µg/m³ 50 µg/m³
Mean -- 20 µg/m³
Particulate Matter
(PM2.5)
24 Hour 35 µg/m³ --
Annual 12 µg/m³ 12 µg/m³
Lead
30-day -- 1.5 µg/m
Quarter 1.5 µg/m --
3-month average 0.15 µg/m --
Visibility reducing
particles 8 Hour -- 0.23/km extinction coefficient. (10- mile visibility standard)
Sulfates 24 Hour -- 25 µg/m
Vinyl chloride 24 Hour -- 0.01 ppm
Hydrogen sulfide 24 Hour -- 0.03 ppm
1 Source: USEPA: https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants/naaqs-table and CARB: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/california-ambient-air-quality-standards 2 ppm = parts per million of air, by volume; μg/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter; Annual = Annual Arithmetic Mean; 30-day = 30-day average; Quarter = Calendar quarter. 3 Secondary standards
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Several pollutants listed in Table 5 are not addressed in this analysis. Lead is not included because the project is not anticipated to emit lead. Visibility -reducing particles are not explicitly addressed in this analysis because particulate matter is addressed. The project is not expected to generate or be exposed to vinyl chloride because proposed project uses do not utilize the chemical processes that create this pollutant and there are no such uses in the project vicinity. The proposed project is not expected to cause exposure to hydrogen sulfide because it would not generate hydrogen sulfide in any substantial quantity.
2.3 Attainment Status
The Clean Air Act requires states to prepare a State Implementation Plan (SIP) to ensure air quality meets the NAAQS. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) provides designations of attainment for air basins where AAQS are either met or exceeded. If the AAQS are met, the area is designated as being in “attainment”, if the air pollutant concentrations exceed the AAQS, than the area is designated as being “nonattainment”. If there is inadequate or inconclusive data to make a definitive attainment designation, the area is considered “unclassified.” National nonattainment areas are further designated as marginal, moderate, serious, severe, or extreme as a function of deviation from standards. Each standard has a different definition, or ‘form’ of what constitutes attainment, based on specific air quality statistics. For example, the Federal 8-hour CO standard is not to be exceeded more than once per year; therefore, an area is in attainment of the CO standard if no more than one 8 -hour ambient air monitoring values exceeds the threshold per year. In contrast, the federal annual PM 2.5 standard is met if the three - year average of the annual average PM2.5 concentration is less than or equal to the standard.
When a state submits a request to the EPA to re -designate a nonattainment area to attainment, the Clean Air Act (CAA) section 175A(a) requires that the state (or states, if the area is a multi - state area) submit a maintenance plan ensuring the area can maintain the air quality standard for which the area is to be re -designated for at least 10 years following the effective date of re - designation. Table 6 lists the attainment status for the criteria pollutants in the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB).
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Table 6
South Coast Air Basin Attainment Status1
Pollutant State Status National Status
Ozone Nonattainment Nonattainment (Extreme)2
Carbon monoxide Attainment Attainment
(Maintenance)
Nitrogen dioxide Attainment Attainment
(Maintenance)
PM10 Nonattainment Attainment
(Maintenance)
PM2.5 Nonattainment Nonattainment
Lead Attainment Nonattainment (Partial)3
1 Source: California Air Resources Board. http://www.arb.ca.gov/desig/adm/adm.htm 2 8-Hour Ozone.
3 Partial Nonattainment designation – Los Angeles County portion of Basin only.
2.4 South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) The agency responsible for air pollution control for the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) is the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). SCAQMD is responsible for controlling emissions primarily from stationary sources. SCAQMD maintains air quality monitoring stations throughout the SCAB. SCAQMD, in coordination with the Southern California Association of Governments, is also responsible for developing, updating, and implementing the Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) for the SCAB. An AQMP is a plan prepared and implemented by an air pollution district for a county or region designated as nonattainment of the federal and/or California ambient air quality standards. The term nonattainment area is used to refer to an air basin where one or more ambient air quality standards are exceeded.
The latest version is the 2022 AQMP, adopted in December 2022. The 2022 AQMP is a regional blueprint for achieving the federal air quality standards and healthful air. While air quality has dramatically improved over the years, the SCAB still exceeds federal public health standards for both ozone and particulate matter (PM) and experiences some of the worst air pollution in the nation. The 2022 AQMP includes both stationary and mobile source strategies to ensure that rapidly approaching attainment deadlines are met, that public health is protected to the maximum extent feasible, and that the region is not faced with burdensome sanctions if the Plan is not approved or if the NAAQS are not met on time.
According to the 2022 AQMP, the most significant air quality challenge in the SCAB is to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions sufficiently to meet the upcoming ozone standard deadlines.
Based on the inventory and modeling results, the 2022 AQMP projects that 184 tons per day (tpd) r:,-n engine~ring
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of NOx will be emitted in the year 2037 as a result of continued implementation of already adopted regulatory actions (“baseline emissions”). The analysis suggests that in order to meet the ozone standard of 60 tpd, NOx emissions need to be reduced about 67 percent beyond the projected 2037 baseline emissions and about 83 percent below current levels1.
2.4.1 SCAQMD Rules and Regulations
The SCAQMD establishes a program of rules and regulations to obtain attainment of the state and federal standards in conjunction with the AQMP. Several of the rules and regulations that may be applicable to this project include, but are not limited to, the following:
• SCAQMD Rule 402 prohibits a person from discharging from any source whatsoever such quantities of air contaminants or other material which cause injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to any considerable number of persons or to the public, or which endanger the comfort, repose, health or safety of any such persons or the public, or which cause, or have a natural tendency to cause, injury or damage to business or property.
• SCAQMD Rule 403 governs emissions of fugitive dust during construction and operation activities. Compliance with this rule is achieved through application of standard Best Management Practices, such as application of water or chemical stabilizers to disturbed soils, covering haul vehicles, restricting vehicle speeds on unpaved roads to 15 miles per hour, sweeping loose dirt from paved site access roadways, cessation of construction activity when winds exceed 25 mph, and establishing a permanent ground cover on finished sites.
• SCAQMD Rule 445 restricts wood burning devices from being installed into any new development and is intended to reduce the emissions of particulate matter for wood burning devices.
• SCAQMD Rule 1113 governs the sale, use, and manufacturing of architectural coating and limits the VOC content in paints and paint solvents. This rule regulates the VOC content of paints available during construction. Therefore, all paints and solvents used during construction and operation of project must comply with Rule 1113.
• SCAQMD Rule 1143 governs the manufacture, sale, and use of paint thinners and solvents used in thinning of coating materials, cleaning of coating application equipment,
1 Source: 2022 Air Quality Management Plan, South Coast Air Quality Management District, Adopted December 2, 2022.
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and other solvent cleaning operations by limiting their VOC content. This rule regulates the VOC content of solvents used during construction. Solvents used during the construction phase must comply with this rule.
• SCAQMD Rule 1186 limits the presence of fugitive dust on paved and unpaved roads and sets certification protocols and requirements for street sweepers that are under contract to provide sweeping services to any federal, state, county, agency or special district such as water, air, sanitation, transit, or school district.
2.5 Local Climate and Meteorology
The weather station closest to the project site is a National Weather Service Cooperative weather station located at Riverside Fire Station 3 , California (047470). Climatological data from the National Weather Service at this station is summarized in Table 7.
Table 7
Meteorological Summary1
Month
Temperature (˚F) Mean Precipitation
(inches) Max. Min. Mean
January 66.8 39.1 53.0 2.01
February 68.3 41.1 54.7 2.20
March 71.3 43.2 57.3 1.84
Total 75.6 46.7 61.2 0.77
May 80.0 51.1 65.6 0.23
June 87.0 54.8 70.9 0.05
July 94.2 59.5 76.9 0.04
August 94.4 59.6 77.0 0.13
September 90.9 56.2 73.6 0.19
October 82.9 50.0 66.5 0.44
November 74.5 42.8 58.7 0.84
December 67.8 39.2 53.5 1.46
Annual 79.5 48.6 64.1 10.21
1 Source: Western Regional Climate Center. Averages derived from measurements recorded between 1893 and 2016 at Riverside Fire Sta. 3, CA (047470).
2.6 Local Air Quality
The air quality at any site is dependent on the regional air quality and local pollutant sources.
Regional air quality is determined by the release of pollutants throughout the air basin. r:,-n engine~ring
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The SCAQMD has divided the SCAB into fourteen general forecasting areas and thirty eight Source Receptor Areas (SRA) for monitoring and reporting local air quality. The SCAQMD provides daily reports of the current air quality conditions in each general forecast area and SRA. The monitoring areas provide a general representation of the local meteorological, terrain, and air quality conditions within the SCAB.
The project is located within the Hemet/Elsinore Area general forecasting area and Perris Valley air monitoring area (SRA-24). Table 8 summarizes the published air quality monitoring data for SRA - 24 for the most recent 3 -year period available. For pollutant data that is not available in SRA -24, air quality data is derived from the nearest adjacent stations available, including Lake Elsinore (SRA-25) and Metropolitan Riverside (SRA-23).
The data provided in the table below is used to comprise a “background” for the proposed project location and existing local air quality.
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Table 8
Local Air Quality
Air Pollutant
Location
Averaging
Time Item 2022 2023 2024
Carbon
Monoxide
--
Lake Elsinore
1 Hour
Max 1-Hour (ppm) 0.9 1.3 1.8
Exceeded State Standard (20 ppm) No No No
Exceeded National Standard (35 ppm) No No No
8 Hour
Max 8 Hour (ppm) 0.6 0.7 1.0
Days > State Standard (9 ppm) No No No
Days >National Standard (9 ppm) No No No
Ozone
--
Perris Valley
1 Hour
Max 1-Hour (ppm) 0.121 0.120 0.117
Days > State Standard (0.09 ppm) 17.0 10.0 21.0
8 Hour
Max 8 Hour (ppm) 0.091 0.103 0.099
Days > State Standard (0.070 ppm) 37 35 51
Days >National Standard (0.070 ppm) 37 31 49
Nitrogen Dioxide
--
Lake Elsinore
1 Hour
Max 1-Hour (ppm) 0.037 0.042 0.045
Exceeded State Standard (0.18 ppm) No No No
Annual
Annual Average (ppm) 0.007 0.007 0.007
Exceeded State Standard (0.030 ppm) No No No
Exceeded National Standard (0.053 ppm) No No No
Sulfur Dioxide
--
Metropolitan
Riverside County 1
1 Hour
Max 1 Hour (ppm) 0.0067 0.0031 0.0020
Exceeded State Standard (0.25 ppm) No No No
Exceeded National Standard (0.075 ppm) No No No
Suspended
Particles (PM10)
--
Lake Elsinore
24 Hour
Max 24-Hour (µg/m³) 91 186 81
Days > State Standard (50 µg/m³) 1 5 16
Days >National Standard (150 µg/m³) 0 1 0 (0%)
Annual
Annual Average (µg/m³) 19.80 20.80 25.50
Exceeded State Standard (20 µg/m³) No Yes Yes
Fine Particulates
(PM2.5)
--
Metropolitan
Riverside County 1
24 Hour
Max 24-Hour (µg/m³) 38.50 48.70 63.50
Days >National Standard (35 µg/m³) 1 1 5
Annual
Annual Average (µg/m³) 10.80 10.47 12.09
Exceeded State Standard (12 µg/m³) No No Yes
Exceeded National Standard (15 µg/m³) No No No
Source: https://www.aqmd.gov/home/air-quality/historical-air-quality-data/historical-data-by-year µg/m³ = micrograms per cubic meter
ppm = part per million
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3.0 Global Climate Change Setting
Global climate change is the change in the average weather of the earth that is measured by such things as alterations in temperature, wind patterns, storms, and precipitation.
Current data shows that the recent period of warming is occurring more rapidly than past geological events. The average global surface temperature has increased by approximately
1.4° Fahrenheit since the early 20 th Century. 1.4° Fahrenheit may seem like a small change, but it's an unusual event in Earth's recent history, and as we are seeing, even small changes in temperature can cause enormous changes in the environment.
The planet’s climate record, preserved in tree rings, ice cores, and coral reefs, shows that the global average temperature has been stable over long periods of time. For example, at the end of the last ice age, when the Northeast United States was covered by more than 3,000 feet of ice, average global temperatures were only 5° to 9° Fahrenheit cooler than today. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which includes more than 1,300 scientists from the United States and other countries, forecasts a temperature rise of
2.5° to 10 ° Fahrenheit over the next century. Therefore, significant changes to the environment are expected in the near future.
The consequences of global climate change include more frequent and severe weather, worsening air pollution by increasing ground level ozone, higher rates of plant and animal extinction, more acidic and oxygen depleted oceans, strain on food and water resources, and threats to densely populated coastal and low lying areas from sea level rise.
The impacts of climate change are already visible in the Southwest United States. In California, the consequences of climate change include; • A rise in sea levels resulting in the displacement of coastal businesses and residencies
• A reduction in the quality and supply of water from the Sierra snowpack • Increased risk of large wildfires
• Exacerbation of air quality problems
• Reductions in the quality and quantity of agricultural products • An increased temperature and extreme weather events
• A decrease in the health and productivity of California’s forests
3.1 Greenhouse Gases
GHGs comprise less than 0.1 percent of the total atmospheric composition, yet they play an essential role in influencing climate. Greenhouse gases include naturally occurring r::,-r.:a engineering
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compounds such as carbon dioxide ( CO2), methane (CH 4), water vapor (H 2O), and nitrous oxide (N 2O), while others are synthetic. Man -made GHGs include the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), as well as sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6). Different GHGs have different effects on the Earth's warming. GHGs differ from each other in their ability to absorb energy (their "radiative efficiency") and how long they stay in the atmosphere, also known as the "lifetime".
The Global Warming Potential (GWP) was developed to allow comparisons of the global warming impacts of different gases. Specifically, it is a measure of how much energy the emissions of 1 ton of a gas will absorb over a given period of time, relative to the emissions of 1 ton of CO2. The larger the GWP, the more that a given gas warms the Earth compared to CO 2 over that time period. The time period usually used for GWPs is 100 years. GWPs provide a common unit of measure, which allows analysts to add up emissions estimates of different gases and allows policymakers to compare emissions reduction opportunities across sectors and gases.
Table 9 lists the 100 -year GWP of GHGs from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) fifth assessment report (AR5) and IPCC sixth (6th) assessment report (AR6).
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Table 9
Global Warming Potential of Greenhouse Gases1, 2
Gas Name Formula Lifetime (years) GWP
Carbon Dioxide CO2 1
Methane
CH4 (Fossil Origin)
12 29.8
CH4 (Non-Fossil Origin) 27.2
Nitrous Oxide N2O 114 273
Sulphur Hexafluoride SF6 3200 23,500
Nitrogen Trifluoride NF3 740 16,100
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC-11) CFC-11 52 8,321
Hexafluoroethane (PFC-116) C2F6 10,000 11,100
Octafluoropropane (PFC-218) C3F8 2,600 8,900
Octafluorocyclobutane (PFC-318) C4F8 3,200 9,540
Tetrafluoromethane (PFC-14) CF4 50,000 5,301
Hydrofluorocarbon 125 HFC-125 29 3,170
Hydrofluorocarbon 134a HFC-134a 14 1,526
Hydrofluorocarbon 143a HFC-143a 52 4,800
Hydrofluorocarbon 152a HFC-152a 1 138
Hydrofluorocarbon 227ea HFC-227ea 34 3,350
Hydrofluorocarbon 23 HFC-23 270 12,400
Hydrofluorocarbon 236fa HFC-236fa 240 8,060
Hydrofluorocarbon 245fa HFC-245fa 8 858
Hydrofluorocarbon 32 HFC-32 5 771
Hydrofluorocarbon 365mfc HFC-365mfc 9 804
Hydrofluorocarbon 43-10mee HFC-43-10mee 16 1,650
1Source: IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6),
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf & https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter08_FINAL.pdf 2 GWPs are used to convert GHG emission values to "carbon dioxide equivalent" (CO 2e) units
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3.2 GHG Regulatory Setting – State of California
The State of California has been a leader in climate change legislation and has passed numerous bills to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across all sectors of the economy.
Some of the key climate legislation and regulation in the State include the following:
• Assembly Bill (AB) 32, California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006. AB 32 set the stage for the State’s transition to a sustainable, low -carbon future. AB 32 was the first program in the country to take a comprehensive, long -term approach to addressing climate change.2
• Senate Bill (SB) 375, Sustainable Communities & Climate Protection Act of 2008. SB 375 requires the Air Resources Board to develop regional greenhouse gas emission reduction targets for passenger vehicles GHG reduction targets for 2020 and 2035 for each region covered by the State's 18 metropolitan planning organizations.3
• Senate Bill (SB) 100, California Renewables Portfolio Standard Program. SB 100 established a landmark policy requiring renewable energy and zero -carbon resources supply 100 percent of electric retail sales to end-use customers by 2045.4
• California Building Standards Code – Title 24. The California Building Standards Code Title 24 Part 6 (Energy Code) and Title 24 Part 11 (CALGreen) requires multiple building provisions to reduce energy usage and GHG emissions and is updated on a triennial basis.
3.3 GHG Emissions Inventory
Table 10 shows the latest GHG emission inventories at the national, state, regional and local levels.
2 California Air Resources Board. AB 32 Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/fact-sheets/ab-32-global-warming-solutions-act-2006 3 California Air Resources Board. Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Program. https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/sustainable-communities-climate-protection-program/about 4 California Energy Commission. SB 100 Joint Agency Report. https://www.energy.ca.gov/sb100 r::,-r.:a engineering
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Table 10
GHG Emissions Inventory1
United States
(2019)2
State of California
(2019)3
SCAG
(2020)4
City of Moreno Valley
(2018)5
6,558 MMTCO2e 418 MMTCO2e 216.4 MMTCO2e 0.866 MMTCO2e
1 MMTCO2e = Million Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent 2 https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks 3 https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/pubs/reports/2000_2019/ghg_inventory_trends_00 -19.pdf 4 http://www.scag.ca.gov/programs/Pages/GreenhouseGases.aspx. Projected Emission from S CAG - Regional GHG Inventory and Reference Case Projections, 1990-2035, dated May 30, 2012. 5 Source: City of Moreno Valley Climate Action Plan, dated 2021. https://www.moval.org/city_hall/general- plan2040/MV-CAP.pdf.
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4.0 Modeling Parameters and Assumptions
The California Emissions Estimator Model Version 2022.1.1 (CalEEMod) was used to calculate criteria air pollutants and GHG emissions from the construction and operation of the project.
CalEEMod is a statewide land use emissions computer model designed to provide a uniform platform for government agencies, land use planners, and environmental professionals to quantify criteria air pollutant and GHG emissions.
The model quantifies direct emissions from construction and operation activities (including vehicle use), as well as indirect emissions, such as GHG emissions from off -site energy generation, solid waste disposal, vegetation planting and/or removal, and water use. The model also identifies design features to reduce criteria pollutant and GHG emissions. The model was developed for the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA) in collaboration with the California air districts.
4.1 Construction Assumptions
Construction of the project is estimated to begin in the year 202 5 or 2026 and to consist of site preparation, grading, building construction, paving, and architectural coating. For the purposes of this analysis, construction phases are not expected to overlap.
No demolition is expected to be required during construction. The project will require the export of approximately 8,000 cubic yards of earthwork material for grading purposes.
The CalEEMod default construction equipment list is based on survey data and the size of the site.
The parameters used to estimate construction emissions, such as the worker and vendor trips and trip lengths, utilize the CalEEMod defaults. The construction equipment list is shown in Table 11.
The project will be required to comply with several standard fugitive dust control measures, per SCAQMD Rule 403. The following key inputs are utilized in CalEEMod and are based upon data provided from SCAQMD5:
• Water exposed area – 61% PM10 and PM2.5 reduction.
• Water demolished area – 36% PM10 and PM2.5 reduction. • Water unpaved roads twice daily – 55% PM10 and PM2.5 reduction. • Limit vehicle speeds on unpaved roads to 25 mph – 44% PM10 and PM2.5 reduction. • Sweep paved roads once per month – 9% PM10 and PM2.5 reduction.
5 SCAQMD. Fugitive Dust Mitigation Measures. http://www.aqmd.gov/home/rules-compliance/ceqa/air-quality- analysis-handbook/mitigation-measures-and-control-efficiencies/fugitive-dust r::Tr.l engineering
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Table 11
Construction Equipment Assumptions1
Phase Equipment Number
Hours
Per
Day
Soil
Disturbance
Rate
(Acres/
8hr-Day)
Off-Road
Equipment
Daily
Disturbance
Footprint
(Acres)
Total Daily
Disturbance
Footprint
(Acres)
Site
Preparation
Rubber Tired Dozers 3 8 0.50 1.50
3.50 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 4 8 0.50 2.00
Grading
Graders 1 8 0.50 0.50
3.00 Excavators 1 8 0.50 0.50
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 8 0.50 1.50
Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8 0.50 0.50
Building
Construction
Cranes 1 7 0.00 0.00
1.31 Forklifts 3 8 0.00 0.00
Generator Sets 1 8 0.00 0.00
Welders 1 8 0.00 0.00
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 7 0.50 1.31
Paving
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 8 0.50 0.50
0.50 Cement and Mortar
Mixers 2 6 0.00 0.00
Pavers 1 8 0.00 0.00
Paving Equipment 2 6 0.00 0.00
Rollers 2 6 0.00 0.00
Architectural
Coating Air Compressors 1 6 0.00 0.00 0.00
1 CalEEMod Defaults
It should be noted that this air quality analysis was originally prepared in April 2024 and assumed that construction would start in the year 2024. Since then, the anticipated construction schedule has shifted, and project construction is now expected to begin in September 2026 with the project opening in 2027.
4.2 Localized Construction Analysis Modeling Parameters CalEEMod calculates construction emissions based on the number of equipment hours and the maximum daily disturbance activity possible for each piece of equipment. This report identifies the following parameters in the project design or applicable mitigation measures in order to compare CalEEMod reported emissions against the localized significance threshold lookup tables:
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1) The off -road equipment list (including type of equipment, horsepower, and hours of operation) assumed for the day of construction activity with maximum emissions. 2) The maximum number of acres disturbed on the peak day. 3) Any emission control devices added onto off-road equipment. 4) Specific dust suppression techniques used on the day of construction activity with maximum emissions.
4.3 Operational Assumptions
Operational emissions occur over the life of the project and are considered “long -term” sources of emissions. Operational emissions include both direct and indirect sources. This section briefly describes the operational sources of emissions analyzed for the project.
4.3.1 Mobile Source Emissions
Mobile source emissions are the largest source of long -term air pollutants from the operation of the project. Mobile sources are direct sources of project emissions that are primarily attributed to tailpipe exhaust and road dust (tire, brake, clutch, and road surface wear) from motor vehicles traveling to and from the site.
Estimates of mobile source emissions require information on four parameters: trip generation, trip length, vehicle/fleet mix, and emission factors (quantity of emission for each mile traveled or time spent idling by each vehicle).
The trip generation rates used for this analysis are based on the Cactus Avenue and Bradshaw Circle Residential Project Trip Generation and VMT Screening Analysis, City of Moreno Vally , prepared by RK. For trip lengths, the CalEEMod defaults are used.
The Emission Factors 2021 (EMFAC2021) model and off-model adjustments factors to account for the SAFE Vehicle Rule are used to estimate the mobile source emissions embedded in the CalEEMod emissions model. No adjustments have been made to default emission factors.
The project’s total vehicle miles traveled is shown in Table 12.
Table 12
Operational Vehicle Miles Traveled1
Land Use Annual Home-Based Vehicle Miles Traveled
(VMT)
Single Family Residential 1,136,007
1 CalEEMod defaults.
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To be conservative, this analysis has assumed that 2% of the total trips associated with the project will be heavy trucks with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 10,000 pounds or greater. This includes LHD2, MHD, HHD, OBUS, UBUS, and SBUS vehicles. The adjusted vehicle mix is proportioned according to the default CalEEMod vehicle mix.
Table 13 summarizes adjusted vehicle mix used for the project.
Table 13
Operational Vehicle Mix1
YUY Vehicle Mix (%)
Light Duty Automobile (LDA) 51.11%
Light Duty Truck (LDTI) 4.02%
Light Duty Truck (LDT2) 20.72%
Medium Duty Truck (MDV) 16.44%
Light Heavy Truck (LHD1) 3.30%
Light Heavy Truck (LHD2) 0.38%
Medium Heavy Truck (MHD) 0.60%
Heavy Heavy Truck (HHD) 0.66%
Other Bus (OBUS) 0.03%
Urban Bus (UBUS) 0.02%
Motorcycle (MCY) 2.41%
School Bus (SBUS) 0.06%
Motor Home (MH) 0.27%
Total 100%
1 Adjusted fleet mix to include 2% total trucks over 10,000 lbs. GVWR. (LHD2, MHD, HHD, OBUS, UBUS, SBUS, MH).
4.3.2 Energy Source Emissions
Energy usage includes both direct and indirect sources of emissions. Direct sources of emissions include on -site natural gas usage (non -hearth) for heating, while indirect emissions include electricity generated by offsite power plants. Natural gas use is measured in units of thousand British Thermal Units (kBTU) per size metric for each land use subtype and electricity use is measured in kilowatt hours (kWh) per size metric for each land use subtype.
CalEEMod divides building electricity and natural gas use into uses that are subject to Title 24 standards and those that are not. Lighting electricity usage is also calculated as a separate category in CalEEMod. For electricity, Title 24 uses include the major building envelope systems r::Tr.l engineering
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covered by Part 6 (California Energy Code) of Title 24, such as space heating, space cooling, water heating, and ventilation. Non -Title 24 uses include all other end uses, such as appliances, electronics, and other miscellaneous plug-in uses. Because some lighting is not considered as part of the building envelope energy budget, and since a separate mitigation measure is applicable to this end use, CalEEMod makes lighting a separate category.
For natural gas, uses are likewise categorized as Title 24 or Non -Title 24. Title 24 uses include building heating and hot water end uses. Non -Title 24 natural gas uses include cooking and appliances (including pool/spa heaters).
The baseline values are based on the California Energy Commission (CEC) sponsored California Commercial End Use Survey (CEUS) and Residential Appliance Saturation Survey (RASS) studies.
The project will be required to provide on -site renewable energy photovoltaic installations (solar panels), as prescribed by the 2022 Building Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings.
In order to assess the project’s future energy usage, RK has performed a quantitative energy impact analysis using CEQA energy impact criteria. The energy impact analysis is provided in Section 8.0 of this report.
4.3.3 Area Source Emissions
Area source emissions are direct sources of emissions that fall under four categories: hearths, consumer products, architectural coatings, and landscaping equipment. Per SCAQMD rule 445, no wood burning devices are allowed in new developments; therefore, no wood hearths are included in this project.
Consumer products are various solvents used in non -industrial applications which emit ROGs during their product use. These typically include cleaning supplies, kitchen aerosols, cosmetics, and toiletries.
4.3.4 Other Sources of Operational Emissions
Water. Greenhouse gas emissions are generated from the upstream energy required to supply and treat the water used on the project site. Indirect emissions from water usage are counted as part of the project’s overall impact.
Waste. CalEEMod calculates the indirect GHG emissions associated with waste that is disposed of at a landfill. The program uses annual waste disposal rates from the California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) data for individual land uses. The program r::Tr.l engineering
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quantifies the GHG emissions associated with the decomposition of the waste which generates methane based on the total amount of degradable organic carbon.
The project’s estimated water usage and waste generation is reported in Table 14, and an analysis of the associated energy usage is provided in Section 8.0 of this report.
Table 14
Operational Water Usage and Waste Generation1
Land Use
Water Usage
(gallons/year) Waste Generation
(tons/year)1
Indoor Outdoor Total
Single Family Housing 1,504,929.68 443,531.80 1,948,461.48 34.02 Parking Lot -- -- -- --
Total 1,504,929.68 443,531.80 1,948,461.48 34.02
1 CalEEMod default estimates.
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5.0 Significance Thresholds
5.1 Air Quality Regional Significance Thresholds
The SCAQMD has established air quality emissions thresholds for criteria air pollutants for the purposes of determining whether a project may have a significant effect on the environment per Section 15002(g) of the Guidelines for implementing CEQA. By complying with the thresholds of significance, the project would be in compliance with the SCAQMD Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) and the federal and state air quality standards.
Table 15 lists the air quality significance thresholds for the six air pollutants analyzed in this report.
Lead is not included as part of this analysis as the project is not expected to emit lead in any significant measurable quantity.
Table 15
SCAQMD Regional Significance Thresholds
Pollutant Construction (lbs/day) Operation (lbs/day)
NOX 100 55
VOC 75 55
PM10 150 150
PM2.5 55 55
SOX 150 150
CO 550 550
1Source: http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/ceqa/handbook/scaqmd-air-quality-significance-thresholds.pdf
5.2 Air Quality Localized Significance Thresholds
Air quality emissions were analyzed using the SCAQMD’s Mass Rate Localized Significant Threshold (LST) Look-up Tables.
Table 16 lists the Localized Significance Thresholds (LST) used to determine whether a project may generate significant adverse localized air quality impacts. LSTs represent the maximum emissions from a project that are not expected to cause or contribute to an exceedance of the most stringent applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard. LSTs are developed based on the ambient concentrations of four applicable air pollutants for source receptor area (SRA -24) – Perris Valley.
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The nearest existing sensitive receptors are located along the northern boundary of the project site, less than 25 meters from potential areas of on -site construction and operational activity.
Although receptors are located closer than 25 meters to the site, SCAQMD LST methodology states that projects with boundaries located closer than 25 meters to the nearest receptor should use the LSTs for receptors located at 25 meters.
The daily disturbance area is calculated to be 3.5 acres, hence the LSTs for 5-acre sites are used.
Table 16
SCAQMD Localized Significance Thresholds1 (LST)
Pollutant Construction (lbs/day) Operational (lbs/day)
NOX 216.8 216.8
CO 1,221.4 1,221.4
PM10 9.8 2.9
PM2.5 6.1 1.6
1 Source: SCAQMD Mass Rate Localized Significance Thresholds for 3.5 acres/day in SRA-24 at 25 meters.
5.3 GHG Significance Thresholds
5.3.1 SCAQMD GHG Interim Significance Thresholds
The SCAQMD has published the Interim CEQA Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Significance Thresholds, December 2008, to assist local agencies with determining the impact of a project’s GHG emissions. SCAQMD’s objective in providing the GHG guidelines is to establish a performance standard that will ultimately contribute to reducing GHG emissions below 1990 levels, and thus achieve the requirements of the California Global Warming Solutions Act (AB 32).
In the absence of a formal threshold established by the State, SCAQMD’s interim GHG threshold has been established for use by lead agencies in determining significance of GHG emissions in CEQA. SCAQMD guidance describes a five -tiered approach for determining significance. Tier 3 is the primary method used for development projects of this size and is the approach used in this analysis. The Tier 3 approach limits the amount of GHG emissions from residential and commercial development projects to 3,000 metric tons of CO2 equivalents per year (MTCO2e/yr).
The City of Moreno Valley utilizes the SCAQMD GHG Interim Significance Threshold for CEQA purposes. Therefore, i f the project exceeds 3,000 MTCO 2e/yr, then the impact is considered significant, and mitigation measures would be required to reduce emissions below the threshold.
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6.0 Air Quality Impact Analysis
6.1 Short-Term Air Quality Impacts – Construction
6.1.1 Regional Emissions – Construction
Regional air quality emissions include both on -site and off -site emissions associated with construction of the project. As shown in Table 17, regional daily emissions of criteria pollutants are expected to be below the allowable thresholds of significance.
CalEEMod emissions outputs are provided in Appendix A.
Table 17
Regional Construction Emissions
Maximum Daily Emissions (lbs/day)1
Activity VOC NOx CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5
Site Preparation 3.73 36.05 34.03 0.05 9.49 5.47
Grading 2.10 28.64 22.20 0.09 6.25 2.96
Building Construction 1.27 11.44 14.11 0.02 0.71 0.51
Paving 1.00 6.61 10.39 0.01 0.55 0.32
Architectural Coating 26.14 0.90 1.30 0.00 0.06 0.03
Maximum1 26.14 36.05 34.03 0.09 9.49 5.47
SCAQMD Threshold 75 100 550 150 150 55
Exceeds Threshold (?) No No No No No No
1 Maximum daily emission during summer or winter; includes both on-site and off-site project emissions.
The project must follow mandatory SCAQMD rules and requirements with regards to fugitive dust control, as described in Section 6.1.3. Compliance with the standard dust control measures is considered to be part of the conditions of approval for the project and built into the design features.
Table 17 shows that the project’s daily construction emissions will be below the applicable SCAQMD air quality standards and thresholds of significance. As a result, the project would not contribute substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation.
Furthermore, by complying with the SCAQMD standards, the project would not contribute to a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non- r:,-n engine~ring
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attainment under an applicable Federal or State ambient air quality standard (including releasing emissions which exceed quantitative thresholds for ozone precursors).
The project’s short-term construction impact on regional air resources will be less than significant.
6.1.2 Localized Emissions – Construction
Table 18 illustrates the construction -related localized emissions and compares the results to SCAQMD LST thresholds. T he project must follow all standard SCAQMD rules and requirements with regards to fugitive dust control, as described in Section 6.1.3. Compliance with the dust control is considered a standard requirement and included as part of the project’s design features.
Table 18
Localized Construction Emissions
Maximum Daily Emissions (lbs/day)1
Activity NOx CO PM10 PM2.5
On-site Emissions 35.95 32.93 9.27 5.41
SCAQMD Construction Threshold2 216.8 1,221.4 9.8 6.1
Exceeds Threshold (?) No No No No
1 Maximum daily emission during summer or winter; includes on-site project emissions only. 2 Source: SCAQMD Mass Rate Localized Significance Thresholds for 3.5 acres/day in SRA-24 at 25 meters.
As shown in Table 18, the emissions will be below the SCAQMD thresholds of significance for localized construction emissions. Therefore, the project’s localized construction emissions impact is considered less than significant.
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6.1.3 Fugitive Dust – Construction
The Project is required to comply with standard SCAQMD rules that assist in reducing short -term air pollutant emissions associated with suspended particulate matter, also known as fugitive dust.
Fugitive dust emissions are commonly associated with land clearing activities, cut -and-fill grading operations, and exposure of soils to the air and wind. SCAQMD Rule 403 requires that fugitive dust is controlled with best-available control measures so that the presence of such dust does not remain visible in the atmosphere beyond the property line of the emission source. In addition, SCAQMD Rules 402 and 403 require implementation of dust suppression techniques to prevent fugitive dust from creating a nuisance off site.
To ensure full compliance with the fugitive dust control measures and to reduce potential exposure of sensitive receptors to substantial pollution concentrations, the following design feature will be implemented during construction:
DF-1 Follow the standard SCAQMD rules and requirements with regards to fugitive dust control, which includes, but are not limited to the following:
1. All active construction areas shall be watered two (2) times daily.
2. Speed on unpaved roads shall be reduced to less than 15 mph.
3. Any visible dirt deposition on any public roadway shall be swept or washed at the site access points within 30 minutes.
4. Any on-site stockpiles of debris, dirt or other dusty material shall be covered or watered twice daily.
5. All operations on any unpaved surface shall be suspended if winds exceed 15 mph.
6. Access points shall be washed or swept daily.
7. Construction sites shall be sandbagged for erosion control.
8. Apply nontoxic chemical soil stabilizers according to manufacturers’ specifications to all inactive construction areas (previously graded areas inactive for 10 days or more).
9. Cover all trucks hauling dirt, sand, soil, or other loose materials, and maintain at least 2 feet of freeboard space in accordance with the requirements of California Vehicle Code (CVC) section 23114.
10. Pave or gravel construction access roads at least 100 feet onto the site from the main road and use gravel aprons at truck exits.
11. Replace the ground cover of disturbed areas as quickly possible. r:,-n enuine~ring
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6.1.4 Odors – Construction
Heavy-duty equipment in the project area during construction will emit odors; however, the construction activity would cease to occur after individual construction is completed. The project is required to comply with Rule 402 during construction, which states that a person shall not discharge from any source whatsoever such quantities of air contaminants or other material which cause injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to any considerable number of persons or to the public, or which endanger the comfort, repose, health or safety of any such persons or the public, or which cause, or have a natural tendency to cause, injury or damage to business or property. No other sources of objectionable odors have been identified for the proposed Project.
Therefore, the project impact from odor emissions will be less than significant.
6.1.5 Asbestos – Construction
Asbestos is a carcinogen and is categorized as a hazardous air pollutant by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and regulated through the National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP). Asbestos fibers imbedded within construction materials become a health hazard once they are disturbed and rendered airborne, such as through physical contact like building renovation and demolition activities.
SCAQMD is the local enforcement authority for asbestos. SCAQMD Rule 1403 establishes the survey requirements, notification, and work practices to prevent asbestos emissions from emanating during building renovation and demolition activities. Since the project does not require the demolition of any existing structures, the impact from asbestos contained in building products is considered less than significant.
Asbestos also occurs naturally in serpentine and ultramafic rock. Based on the California Division of Mines and Geology General Location Guide for Ultramafic Rocks in California - Areas More Likely to Contain Naturally Occurring Asbestos, naturally occurring asbestos has not been shown to occur within in the vicinity of the project site. Therefore, the potential risk for naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) during project construction is small. However, in the event NOA is found on the site, the project will be required to comply with SCAQMD and NESHAP standards.
By following the required asbestos abatement protocols, the project impact will be less than significant.
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6.1.6 Diesel Particulate Matter – Construction
The project will generate diesel particulate matter (DPM) during construction from off -road diesel equipment and trucks. The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) adopted the Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments (HRA Guidelines) to provide procedures for use in the Air Toxics Hot Spots Program or for the permitting of existing, new, or modified stationary sources.6
The HRA Guidelines provide risk factors based on exposure to toxic substances over a 30 -year lifetime span. The proposed project’s construction activity is not expected to be a long -term (i.e., 30 years) source of toxic air contaminant emissions and short -term risk factors have not been developed. Due to the significantly reduced risk from short -term exposure, SCAQMD does not typically require the evaluation of long -term cancer risk or chronic health impacts for construction operations from a project such as the one being proposed.
The following design features will reduce diesel exhaust emissions and are recommended to be included as part of the conditions of approval . With the recommended project design features, the potential DPM exposure to adjacent sensitive receptors is considered less than significant.
DF-2 Require all construction equipment to have Tier 4 low emission “clean diesel” engines (OEM or retrofit) that include diesel oxidation catalysts and diesel particulate filters that meet the latest CARB best available control technology.
DF-3 Construction equipment shall be maintained in proper tune.
DF-4 All construction vehicles shall be prohibited from excessive idling. Excessive idling is defined as five (5) minutes or longer).
DF-5 Minimize the simultaneous operation of multiple construction equipment units, to the maximum extent feasible.
DF-6 The use of heavy construction equipment and earthmoving activity shall be suspended during Air Alerts when the Air Quality Index reaches the “Unhealthy” level.
DF-7 Establish an electricity supply to the construction site and use electric -powered equipment instead of diesel-powered equipment or generators, where feasible.
6 OEHHA. Air Toxics Hot Spots Program. Risk Assessment Guidelines. Guidance for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments. February 2015.
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DF-8 Establish staging areas for the construction equipment that are as distant as possible from adjacent residential homes.
6.2 Long-Term Air Quality Impacts – Operation
6.2.1 Regional Emissions – Operation
Long-term operational air pollutant impacts from the project are shown in Table 19. CalEEMod emissions outputs are provided in Appendix A.
The project’s daily operational emissions will be below the applicable SCAQMD regional air quality standards and thresholds of significance, and the project would not contribute substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation. Furthermore, by complying with the SCAQMD standards, the project would not contribute to a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non -attainment under an applicable Federal or State ambient air quality standard (including releasing emissions which exceed quantitative thresholds for ozone precursors).
The project related long-term regional air quality impacts will be less than significant.
Table 19
Regional Operational Emissions
Maximum Daily Emissions (lbs/day)1,2
Activity VOC NOx CO SO2 PM10 PM2.5
Mobile Sources 1.24 0.90 10.15 0.02 2.21 0.57
Area Sources 1.86 0.02 2.10 0.00 0.00 0.00
Energy Sources 0.02 0.33 0.14 0.00 0.03 0.03
Total 3.12 1.25 12.39 0.02 2.24 0.60
SCAQMD Threshold 55 55 550 150 150 55
Exceeds Threshold (?) No No No No No No
1 Maximum daily emission during summer or winter; includes both on-site and off-site project emissions.
6.2.2 Localized Emissions – Operations
Table 2 0 shows the localized operational emissions and compares the results to SCAQMD LST thresholds of significance. As shown in Table 2 0, the emissions will be below the SCAQMD r:,-n engine~ring
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thresholds of significance for localized operational emissions. Therefore, the project will result in less than significant localized operational emissions impacts.
Table 20
Localized Operational Emissions
Maximum Daily Emissions (lbs/day)1
LST Pollutants
NOx CO PM10 PM2.5
(lbs/day) (lbs/day) (lbs/day) (lbs/day)
On-site Emissions2 0.40 2.75 0.14 0.06
SCAQMD Operation Threshold3 216.8 1,221.4 2.9 1.6
Exceeds Threshold (?) No No No No
1 Maximum daily emission in summer or winter.
2 Mobile source emissions include on -site vehicle emissions only. It is estimated that approximately 5% of mobile emissions will occur on the project site.
3 Source: SCAQMD Mass Rate Localized Significance Thresholds for 5 acres/day in SRA -24 at 25 meters.
6.2.3 Odors – Operation
Land uses that commonly receive odor complaints include agricultural uses (farming and livestock), chemical plants, composting operations, dairies, fiberglass molding facilities, food processing plants, landfills, refineries, rail yards, and wastewater treatment plants. The proposed project does not contain land uses that would typically be associated with significant odor emissions.
The project will be required to comply with standard building code requirements related to exhaust ventilation, as well as comply with SCAQMD Rule 402. Rule 402 requires that a person may not discharge from any source whatsoever such quantities of air contaminants or other material which cause injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to any considerable number of persons or to the public, or which endanger the comfort, repose, health or safety of any such persons or the public, or which cause, or have a natural tendency to cause, injury or damage to business or property. Project related odors are not expected to meet the criteria of being a nuisance. The project’s operation would result in less than significant odor impacts.
6.2.4 Toxic Air Contaminants – Operations
The proposed project consists of residential land use and does not include major sources of toxic air contaminants (TAC) emissions that would result in significant exposure of sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations. Examples of land uses that are major sources of TACs include r:,-n engine~ring
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distribution centers with heavy truck traffic, rail yards, ports, refineries, chrome plating facilities, dry cleaners, and gasoline dispensing stations. The project does not include any of these uses, hence the project impact is considered less than significant.
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7.0 Greenhouse Gas Impact Analysis
7.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions – Construction
Greenhouse gas emissions are estimated for on -site and off -site construction activity using CalEEMod. Table 21 shows the construction greenhouse gas emissions, including equipment and worker vehicle emissions for all phases of construction. Construction emissions are averaged over 30 years and added to the long -term operational emissions, pursuant to SCAQMD recommendations.
CalEEMod GHG output calculations are provided in Appendix A.
Table 21
Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Activity
Emissions (MTC02e)1
On-site Off-site Total
Site Preparation 12.05 0.54 12.59
Grading 10.77 34.08 44.86
Building Construction 251.00 31.85 282.85
Paving 11.06 2.17 13.24
Architectural Coating 1.09 0.29 1.38
Total 285.97 68.93 354.92
Amortized over 30 years2 9.53 2.30 11.83
1 MTCO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (includes carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and/or hydrofluorocarbon).
2 GHG emissions are amortized over 30 years and added to the operational emissions, pursuant to SCAQMD recommendations.
Because impacts from construction activities occur over a relatively short period of time, they contribute a relatively small portion of the overall lifetime project GHG emissions. However, SCAQMD recommends that construction emissions be amortized over a 30 -year project lifetime and added to the overall project operational emissions. In doing so, construction GHG emissions are included in the overall contribution of the project, as further discussed in the following section.
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7.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions – Operations
Greenhouse gas emissions are estimated for on -site and off -site operational activity using CalEEMod. Greenhouse gas emissions from mobile sources, area sources and energy sources are shown in Table 22. CalEEMod GHG output calculations are provided in Appendix A.
Table 22
Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Emission Source GHG Emissions (MTCO2e)1
Mobile Source 377.25
Area Source 0.64
Energy Source 114.91
Water 4.65
Waste 10.62
Refrigerant 0.09
Construction (30-year amortization) 11.83
Total Annual Emissions 519.99
SCAQMD Tier 3 Significance Threshold 3,000 MTCO2e/year
Exceeds Threshold? No
1 MTCO2e = metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents.
As shown in Table 2 2, the proposed project’s GHG emissions are not expected to exceed the SCAQMD GHG emissions threshold of 3,000 MTCO 2e. Therefore, the proposed project’s impact from GHG emissions will be less than significant. r:,-n engine~ring
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8.0 Energy Impact Analysis
8.1 Study Objectives
The purpose of this energy conservation analysis is to review the energy implications of the proposed project and provide recommendations to reduce wasteful, inefficient, and unnecessary consumption of energy during the operation of the project. This analysis has been prepared within the context of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA, California Public Resources Code Sections 21000, et seq.).
CEQA Guidelines, Appendix F, Energy Conservation, describes the framework within which energy conservation should be analyzed. Conserving energy implies the wise and efficient use of energy through decreasing overall per capita energy consumption, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels (such as coal, natural gas, and oil), and increasing reliance on renewable energy sources.
8.2 Utility Providers
The proposed project would be served by the following utility providers, as shown in Table 23.
Table 23
Utility Providers
Utility Provider
Electricity Moreno Valley Utility
Natural Gas Southern California Gas Company
8.3 Project Energy Consumption
The three (3) main types of energy expected to be consumed by the project include electricity, natural gas, and petroleum products in the form of gasoline and diesel fuel.
CalEEMod is used to calculate energy usage associated with the construction and operation of the project. The CalEEMod calculation sheets for the project are provided in Appendix A.
8.3.1 Electricity Consumption
The project will use electricity for operational activities including, but not limited to, building heating and cooling, lighting, appliances, electronics, mechanical equipment, and parking lot lighting. Indirect electricity usage will also be required to supply, distribute, and treat water and wastewater. Electricity will be provided to the site by Southern California Edison. r:,-n engine~ring
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Temporary electricity usage for construction activities may include lighting, electric equipment, and mobile office uses. However, CalEEMod does not calculate electricity usage during construction. Electricity usage during construction is expected to be short -term and relatively minor compared to the operational demand. Therefore, construction -related electricity usage is not included in this analysis.
Table 24 shows the project’s estimated operational electricity consumption in kilowatt -hours per year (kWh/yr) and millions of BTU per year (MBTU/yr).
Table 24
Project Electricity Consumption1
Land Use/Activity
Electricity Consumption
(kWh/yr)2 (MBTU/yr)3
Single Family Housing 165,912.64 566.09
Parking Lot 51,508.80 175.75
Water Supply and Treatment 13,263.18 45.25
Total 230,684.62 787.09
1 Source: CalEEMod defaults.
2 kWh/yr = Kilowatt hours per year
MBTU/yr = Million British Thermal Units per year
8.3.2 Natural Gas Consumption
The project will use natural gas for such things as building heating and cooling and gas water heaters. Natural gas is not expected to be used during construction in any significant quantities and is not included in the overall calculation of the project’s natural gas consumption.
Table 25 shows the project’s estimated operational natural gas consumption in MBTU/yr.
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Table 25
Project Natural Gas Consumption1
Land Use/Activity Natural Gas Consumption
(MBTU/yr)2
Single Family Housing 1,315.88
Parking Lot -
Total 1,315.88
1 Source: CalEEMod Defaults.
2 MBTU/yr = Million British Thermal Units per year
8.3.3 Petroleum Consumption
The project’s energy consumption from petroleum products is primarily associated with transportation-related activities. This includes gasoline and diesel fuel usage for auto and truck trips during construction and operation and off-road equipment usage during construction.
Petroleum Consumption – Construction
Construction of the project is expected to consist of site preparation, grading, building construction, paving, and architectural coating phases. Construction activities will consume energy in the form of motor vehicle fuel (gasoline and diesel) for off -road construction equipment and on-road vehicle trips. Vehicle trips include workers and vendors traveling to and from the project site.
Tables 26 and 27 show the project’s energy consumption for all off -road and on-road equipment during construction, respectively. For the purposes of this analysis, all off -road equipment is assumed to run on diesel fuel.
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Phase1
Phase
Duration
(Days)1
Equipment1 Amount1 Hours/
Day1
Horspower
(HP)1
Load
Factor1 HP-hrs2
Fuel
Consumption
Rate3
(hp-hr/gal)
Diesel Fuel
Consumption
(gal.)
Diesel Fuel
Consumption
by Phase
(gal.)
MBtu4
Rubber Tired Dozers 3 8 367 0.40 17,616.0 952.2
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 4 8 84 0.37 4,972.8 268.8
Graders 1 8 148 0.41 3,883.5 209.9
Excavators 1 8 36 0.38 875.5 47.3
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 8 84 0.37 5,967.4 322.6
Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8 367 0.40 9,395.2 507.8
Cranes 1 7 367 0.29 171,352.3 9,262.3
Forklifts 3 8 82 0.20 90,528.0 4,893.4
Generator Sets 1 8 14 0.74 19,062.4 1,030.4
Welders 1 8 46 0.45 38,088.0 2,058.8
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 7 84 0.37 150,116.4 8,114.4 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1 8 84 0.37 4,475.5 241.9
Cement and Mortar Mixers 2 6 10 0.56 1,209.6 65.4
Pavers 1 8 81 0.42 4,898.9 264.8
Paving Equipment 2 6 89 0.36 6,920.6 374.1
Rollers 2 6 36 0.38 2,954.9 159.7
Architectural Coating 18 Air Compressors 1 6 37 0.48 1,918.1 103.7 103.68 14.24 28,877.57 3,967.22
1 Source: CalEEMod Defaults (CalEEMod v.2022.1.1)
2 HP-hrs = Horsepower Hours.
3 Source: Carl Moyer Program Guidelines. 2017 Revisions. Table D-21. https://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/moyer/guidelines/current.htm 4 Mbtu = Millions of Btu; assuming 1 gallon of diesel fuel = 137,381 Btu. 25,359.30
Table 26
Construction Off-Road Equipment Energy Consumption
167.74
1,087.65 149.42
3,483.89
1,105.92 151.93
Total Energy Requirements
18.5 Site Preparation 5 1,221.02
Grading 8
Building Construction
Paving 18
230
Fuel Split2
Fuel
Consumption
by Veh. Class
(gal.)
Fuel
Consumption
by Phase
(gal.) Fuel Split 2
Fuel
Consumption
by Veh. Class
(gal.)
Fuel
Consumption
by Phase
LDA 0.50 26.25 0.9987 0.00 0.0013 0.00
LDT1 0.25 22.26 0.9998 0.00 0.0002 0.00
LDT2 0.25 22.37 0.9987 0.00 0.0013 0.00
LDA 0.50 26.25 0.9987 31.67 0.0013 0.04
LDT1 0.25 22.26 0.9998 18.69 0.0002 0.00
LDT2 0.25 22.37 0.9987 18.58 0.0013 0.02
LDA 0.50 26.25 0.9987 42.23 0.0013 0.05
LDT1 0.25 22.26 0.9998 24.93 0.0002 0.00
LDT2 0.25 22.37 0.9987 24.77 0.0013 0.03
LDA 0.50 26.25 0.9987 1,133.23 0.0013 1.46 LDT1 0.25 22.26 0.9998 668.83 0.0002 0.11
LDT2 0.25 22.37 0.9987 664.79 0.0013 0.86
LDA 0.50 26.25 0.9987 126.70 0.0013 0.16
LDT1 0.25 22.26 0.9998 7 74.78 0.0002 0.01
LDT2 0.25 22.37 0.9987 74 74.32 0.0013 0.10
LDA 0.50 26.25 0.9987 19.00 0.0013 0.02
LDT1 0.25 22.26 0.9998 1 11.22 0.0002 0.00 LDT2 0.25 22.37 0.9987 11.15 0.0013 0.01 2,944.90 2.89 355.04
MHDT 0.50 7.62 0.3562 219.81 0.6438 396.48
HHDT 0.50 6.39 0.0006 0.41 0.9994 733.91
219.81 1,130.39 181.77
Grading 8 125 20.0 20000 HHDT 1.00 6.39 0.0006 1.76 1.76 0.9994 3,128.35 3,128.35 429.99
1.76 3,128.35 429.99
3,166.47 4,261.63 966.80
1 Source: CalEEMod Defaults (CalEEMod v.2022.1.1)
2 Source: EMFAC2021 Web Database. https://www.arb.ca.gov/emfac/2021/. (See Appendix C for more details.) 3 Mbtu = Millions of Btu; assuming 1 gallon of gasoline fuel = 120,429 Btu and 1 gallon of diesel fuel = 137,381 Btu Sub-Total Hauling Trips Energy Consumption Gasoline (gal.) Diesel (gal.) Table 27
Construction On-Road Trips Energy Consumption
Total On-Road Construction Trips Energy Consumption Gasoline (gal.) Diesel (gal.) 1,130.39 181.77
Hauling Trips
Vendor Trips
Worker Trips
Building
Construction 230 4 10.2
Gasoline (gal.)Sub-Total Worker Trips Energy Consumption Architectural
Coating 18 3 18.5 999
0.27 33.25.
4.99 Diesel (gal.)
41.37 0.04
11.08 Building
Construction 230 14 18.5 59,570 2,466.85
18.5 2.42 297.41
Phase
Duration
(Days)1
Gasoline Diesel
Construction
Phase1
Grading 8 15
Trips /Day1
Demolition 0 0
Site Preparation 5 18
0.09 0.00
Phase VMTTrip Length1
0.07 8.31
0.00 0.00
Total MBtu3
Average Fuel
Economy
(MPG)2
Vehicle
Mix1Vehicle Class1
Sub-Total Vendor Trips Energy Consumption Gasoline (gal.) Diesel (gal.) 0 0
18.5 1,665 68.95
2,220 91.93
Paving 18 20 18.5 6,660 275.80
9,384 219.81
I I I I
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Petroleum Consumption – Operation
The project is expected to consume energy from auto and truck trips generated by the proposed land uses. Operational vehicle trips are associated with workers, customers, and vendors/non - workers (i.e., delivery, service, maintenance, etc.) traveling to and from the site.
Table 28 shows the project’s annual petroleum energy consumption for all operational trips. r:,-n enuine~ring
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Fuel Split
Fuel
Consumption
(gal.) Fuel Split
Fuel
Consumption
(gal.)
LDA 26.25 0.0013 28.36
LDT1 22.26 0.0002 0.33
LDT2 22.37 0.0013 13.57
MDV 18.35 0.0251 255.69
LHD1 15.69
9 0.2487 594.11
LHD2 16.25 0.6259 165.78
MHD 7.62 0.6438 576.88
HHD 6.39 0.9994 1,168.22
OBUS 6.14 0.4294 20.24
2,664.14
247.17
1,267.22
1,230.26
297.75
34.71 117.70
160.57
6.02 UBUS 5.11 0.0153 0.55
MCY 39.10 0.0000 0.00
SBUS 8.50 0.3776 28.19
MH
51.11%
4.02%
20.72%
16.44%
3.30%
0.38%
0.60%
0.66%
0.03%
0.02%
2.41%
0.06%
0.27% 5.72
0.9987 22,089.75
0.9998 2,052.02
0.9987 10,507.08
0.9749 9,923.99
0.7513 1,794.71
0.3741 99.10
0.3562 319.22
0.0006 0.66
0.5406 26.89
0.9847 35.58
1.0000 700.99
0.6224 46.45
0.8345 439.50 0.1655 87.19
4.36 84.42
9.47 64.91
Gasoline
Consumption
(gal.)
48,035.94
Diesel
Consumption
(gal.)
2,939.11 6,188.70
Table 28
Operational Trips Energy Consumption - Annual
Total Operational Trips Energy Usage
Diesel
MBtu
Annual
VMT
Vehicle
Class Vehicle Mix
Average
Fuel
Economy
(MPG)
Gasoline
1,136,007
8-8
8.4 Summary of Project Energy Consumption
Table 29 provides a summary of the project’s annual operational energy consumption.
Table 29
Annual Energy Consumption
Activity Energy Consumption
(MBTU/yr)1
Electricity 787.09
Natural Gas 1,315.88
Petroleum 6,134.89
Total 8,237.86
1 MBTU/yr = Million British Thermal Units per year.
8.5 Energy Impacts
This analysis has been prepared within the context of the CEQA Guidelines, Appendix F, Energy Conservation, and Appendix G, Environmental Checklist Form. According to CEQA, the goal of conserving energy includes the wise and efficient use of energy through decreasing overall per capita energy consumption, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels (such as coal, natural gas, and oil), and increasing reliance on renewable energy sources.
A significant environmental impact would result if the project would:
a) Result in potentially significant environmental impacts due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources during project construction or operation, or;
b) Conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency.
8.5.1 Energy Impact – A
Would the project result in potentially significant environmental impacts due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources during project construction or operation?
The project will implement the mandatory requirements of California’s Building Efficiency Standards (Title 24, Part 6) to reduce energy consumption. California’s building standards are some of the strictest in the nation and the project’s compliance with the Building Code would r:,-n engine~ring
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8-9
ensure that wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy is minimized. The California Building Code is designed to reduce the amount of energy needed to heat or cool a building, reduce energy usage for lighting and appliances, and promote usage of energy from renewable sources.
In particular, the project will provide solar installations (or other sources of on -site renewable energy) to satisfy the prescribed Energy Design Ratings from the Energy Code.
By providing renewable sources of energy, the project satisfies recent court rulings which indicate that when determining if a project would have a potentially significant impact to energy conservation, the analysis should discuss whether any renewable energy features could be incorporated into the project 7. Furthermore, by including rooftop solar panels, the proposed project ensures that wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy is minimized.
Therefore, the project impact is considered less than significant under Criterion A.
8.5.2 Energy Impact – B
Would the project conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency?
The project is not expected to conflict with or obstruct a state or local plan for renewable energy or energy efficiency. The project will purchase electricity through Southern California Edison which is subject to the requirements of California Senate Bill 100 (SB 100). SB 100 is the most stringent and current energy legislation in California, requiring that renewable energy resources and zero - carbon resources supply 100% of retail sales of electricity to California end -use customers and 100% of electricity procured to serve all state agencies by December 31, 20458.
The project will also comply with the mandatory requirements of California’s Green Building and Building Energy Efficiency standards that promote renewable energy and energy efficiency. Hence, the project impact is considered less than significant under Criterion B.
7 League to Save Lake Tahoe Mountain Area Preservation Foundation, et al. v. County of Placer, et al. 8 SB-100 California Renewables Portfolio Standard Program. http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB100 r:,-n engine~ring
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Exhibits
engineeringgroup, inc.TTM 37858 SINGLE GAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROJECT AIR QUALITY, GREENHOUSE GAS, AND ENERGY IMPACT STUDY, City of Moreno Valley, CA1742-2024-03engineering Location MapExhibit A
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Site Plan
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Appendices
Appendix A
Emissions Calculations Outputs
(CalEEMod)
TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 1 / 39
TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report Table of Contents
1. Basic Project Information
1.1. Basic Project Information
1.2. Land Use Types
1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector
2. Emissions Summary
2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds
2.2. Construction Emissions by Y ear, Unmitigated
2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds
2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated
3. Construction Emissions Details
3.1. Site Preparation (2024) - Unmitigated
3.3. Grading (2024) - Unmitigated
3.5. Building Construction (2024) - Unmitigated
3.7. Building Construction (2025) - Unmitigated
3.9. Paving (2025) - Unmitigated
TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 2 / 39
3.11. Architectural Coating (2025) - Unmitigated
4. Operations Emissions Details
4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use
4.1.1. Unmitigated
4.2. Energy
4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
4.3. Area Emissions by Source
4.3.1. Unmitigated
4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use
4.4.1. Unmitigated
4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use
4.5.1. Unmitigated
4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use
4.6.1. Unmitigated
4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type
4.7.1. Unmitigated
4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type
TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 3 / 39
4.8.1. Unmitigated
4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type
4.9.1. Unmitigated
4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type
4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated
4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated
4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated
5. Activity Data
5.1. Construction Schedule
5.2. Off-Road Equipment
5.2.1. Unmitigated
5.3. Construction Vehicles
5.3.1. Unmitigated
5.4. Vehicles
5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies
5.5. Architectural Coatings
5.6. Dust Mitigation
5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities
TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 4 / 39
5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies
5.7. Construction Paving
5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors
5.9. Operational Mobile Sources
5.9.1. Unmitigated
5.10. Operational Area Sources
5.10.1. Hearths
5.10.1.1. Unmitigated
5.10.2. Architectural Coatings
5.10.3. Landscape Equipment
5.11. Operational Energy Consumption
5.11.1. Unmitigated
5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption
5.12.1. Unmitigated
5.13. Operational Waste Generation
5.13.1. Unmitigated
5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment
5.14.1. Unmitigated
TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 5 / 39
5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment
5.15.1. Unmitigated
5.16. Stationary Sources
5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps
5.16.2. Process Boilers
5.17. User Defined
5.18. Vegetation
5.18.1. Land Use Change
5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type
5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
5.18.2. Sequestration
5.18.2.1. Unmitigated
8. User Changes to Default Data
TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 6 / 39
1. Basic Project Information
1.1. Basic Project Information
Data Field Value
Project Name TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Construction Start Date 9/1/2026
Operational Y ear 2027
Lead Agency City of Moreno Valley
Land Use Scale Project/site
Analysis Level for Defaults County
Windspeed (m/s) 2.50
Precipitation (days) 24.0
Location 33.91120365283811, -117.1704668389395
County Riverside-South Coast
City Moreno Valley
Air District South Coast AQMD
Air Basin South Coast
TAZ 5583
EDFZ 11
Electric Utility Moreno Valley Utility
Gas Utility Southern California Gas
App Version 2022.1.1.30
1.2. Land Use Types
Land Use Subtype Size Unit Lot Acreage Building Area (sq ft) Landscape Area (sq ft)
Special Landscape
Area
(sq ft)
Population Description
Single Family
Housing
37.0 Dwelling Unit 3.46 72,150 22,887 0.00 120 —
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Parking Lot 58.8 1000sqft 1.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 — —
1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector No measures selected
2. Emissions Summary
2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Un/Mit. TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 1.42 1.19 10.6 14.1 0.02 0.43 0.26 0.64 0.40 0.06 0.45 — 2,706 2,706 0.11 0.04 1.04 2,723 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 26.2 26.1 36.1 34.0 0.09 1.60 7.89 9.49 1.47 3.99 5.47 — 11,916 11,916 0.29 1.44 0.50 12,354 Average
Daily
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 2.03 1.91 5.52 7.28 0.01 0.23 0.25 0.37 0.21 0.11 0.23 — 1,390 1,390 0.06 0.04 0.26 1,398 Annual
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 0.37 0.35 1.01 1.33 < 0.005 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.04 — 230 230 0.01 0.01 0.04 231
2.2. Construction Emissions by Y ear, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Y ear TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily -
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
-------------------
-------------------
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2025 1.42 1.19 10.6 14.1 0.02 0.43 0.26 0.64 0.40 0.06 0.45 — 2,706 2,706 0.11 0.04 1.04 2,723 Daily -
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2024 4.43 3.73 36.1 34.0 0.09 1.60 7.89 9.49 1.47 3.99 5.47 — 11,916 11,916 0.29 1.44 0.50 12,354 2025 26.2 26.1 10.6 13.9 0.02 0.43 0.21 0.64 0.40 0.05 0.45 — 2,691 2,691 0.11 0.04 0.03 2,707 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2024 0.34 0.28 2.80 3.02 0.01 0.12 0.25 0.37 0.11 0.11 0.21 — 733 733 0.03 0.04 0.26 746 2025 2.03 1.91 5.52 7.28 0.01 0.23 0.11 0.34 0.21 0.03 0.23 — 1,390 1,390 0.06 0.02 0.24 1,398 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
2024 0.06 0.05 0.51 0.55 < 0.005 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.04 — 121 121 < 0.005 0.01 0.04 123 2025 0.37 0.35 1.01 1.33 < 0.005 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.04 < 0.005 0.04 — 230 230 0.01 < 0.005 0.04 231
2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Un/Mit. TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 3.24 3.12 1.19 12.4 0.03 0.04 2.19 2.23 0.04 0.56 0.60 21.2 3,094 3,115 2.28 0.10 8.18 3,209 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 2.98 2.87 1.24 8.76 0.02 0.04 2.19 2.23 0.04 0.56 0.60 21.2 2,930 2,951 2.29 0.10 0.72 3,039 Average
Daily
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 3.10 2.98 1.27 10.5 0.02 0.04 2.16 2.20 0.04 0.55 0.59 21.2 2,957 2,978 2.29 0.10 3.83 3,069 Annual
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Unmit. 0.57 0.54 0.23 1.92 < 0.005 0.01 0.39 0.40 0.01 0.10 0.11 3.51 490 493 0.38 0.02 0.63 508 -------------------
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2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Sector TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 1.33 1.24 0.84 10.1 0.02 0.01 2.19 2.21 0.01 0.56 0.57 — 2,381 2,381 0.09 0.09 7.66 2,417 Area 1.87 1.86 0.02 2.10 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 0.00 5.61 5.61 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.63 Energy 0.04 0.02 0.33 0.14 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 692 692 0.06 < 0.005 — 694 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 2.88 15.6 18.5 0.30 0.01 — 28.1 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 18.3 0.00 18.3 1.83 0.00 — 64.1 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.52 0.52
Total 3.24 3.12 1.19 12.4 0.03 0.04 2.19 2.23 0.04 0.56 0.60 21.2 3,094 3,115 2.28 0.10 8.18 3,209 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 1.26 1.17 0.90 8.62 0.02 0.01 2.19 2.21 0.01 0.56 0.57 — 2,223 2,223 0.10 0.09 0.20 2,252 Area 1.68 1.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Energy 0.04 0.02 0.33 0.14 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 692 692 0.06 < 0.005 — 694 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 2.88 15.6 18.5 0.30 0.01 — 28.1 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 18.3 0.00 18.3 1.83 0.00 — 64.1 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.52 0.52
Total 2.98 2.87 1.24 8.76 0.02 0.04 2.19 2.23 0.04 0.56 0.60 21.2 2,930 2,951 2.29 0.10 0.72 3,039 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 1.25 1.16 0.92 8.92 0.02 0.01 2.16 2.17 0.01 0.55 0.56 — 2,246 2,246 0.10 0.09 3.31 2,279 Area 1.81 1.80 0.01 1.44 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 0.00 3.84 3.84 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 3.86 Energy 0.04 0.02 0.33 0.14 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 692 692 0.06 < 0.005 — 694 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 2.88 15.6 18.5 0.30 0.01 — 28.1 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 18.3 0.00 18.3 1.83 0.00 — 64.1 -------------------
TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 10 / 39
Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.52 0.52
Total 3.10 2.98 1.27 10.5 0.02 0.04 2.16 2.20 0.04 0.55 0.59 21.2 2,957 2,978 2.29 0.10 3.83 3,069 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Mobile 0.23 0.21 0.17 1.63 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.39 0.40 < 0.005 0.10 0.10 — 372 372 0.02 0.02 0.55 377 Area 0.33 0.33 < 0.005 0.26 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 0.00 0.64 0.64 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.64 Energy 0.01 < 0.005 0.06 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 115 115 0.01 < 0.005 — 115 Water — — — — — — — — — — — 0.48 2.59 3.07 0.05 < 0.005 — 4.65 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 3.04 0.00 3.04 0.30 0.00 — 10.6 Refrig. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.09 0.09
Total 0.57 0.54 0.23 1.92 < 0.005 0.01 0.39 0.40 0.01 0.10 0.11 3.51 490 493 0.38 0.02 0.63 508
3. Construction Emissions Details
3.1. Site Preparation (2024) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
4.34 3.65 36.0 32.9 0.05 1.60 — 1.60 1.47 — 1.47 — 5,296 5,296 0.21 0.04 — 5,314 Dust
F
rom
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 7.67 7.67 — 3.94 3.94 — — — — — — —
-------------------
TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 11 / 39
0.000.000.000.000.000.00—0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00Onsite truck
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.06 0.05 0.49 0.45 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 72.5 72.5 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 72.8 Dust
F
rom
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.11 0.11 — 0.05 0.05 — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.01 0.01 0.09 0.08 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 12.0 12.0 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 12.1 Dust
F
rom
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.02 0.02 — 0.01 0.01 — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.09 0.08 0.10 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.23 0.00 0.05 0.05 — 231 231 0.01 0.01 0.03 234 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 12 / 39
——————————————————Average
Daily
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 3.21 3.21 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 3.26 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.53 0.53 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.54 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.3. Grading (2024) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
2.26 1.90 18.2 18.8 0.03 0.84 — 0.84 0.77 — 0.77 — 2,958 2,958 0.12 0.02 — 2,969 Dust
F
rom
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 2.78 2.78 — 1.34 1.34 — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
-------------------
TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 13 / 39
65.1—< 0.005< 0.00564.864.8—0.02—0.020.02—0.02< 0.0050.410.400.040.05Off-Roa d
Dust
F
rom
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.06 0.06 — 0.03 0.03 — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.01 0.01 0.07 0.08 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 10.7 10.7 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 10.8 Dust
F
rom
Material
Movement
— — — — — — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.05 0.05 — 198 198 0.01 0.01 0.02 201 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.35 0.13 10.3 2.43 0.06 0.17 2.26 2.43 0.17 0.63 0.80 — 8,759 8,759 0.16 1.41 0.48 9,184 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 4.40 4.40 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 4.47 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.01 < 0.005 0.23 0.05 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.05 0.05 < 0.005 0.01 0.02 — 192 192 < 0.005 0.03 0.17 201 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 14 / 39
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.73 0.73 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.74 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 31.8 31.8 < 0.005 0.01 0.03 33.3
3.5. Building Construction (2024) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
1.44 1.20 11.2 13.1 0.02 0.50 — 0.50 0.46 — 0.46 — 2,398 2,398 0.10 0.02 — 2,406 Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.21 0.18 1.65 1.92 < 0.005 0.07 — 0.07 0.07 — 0.07 — 352 352 0.01 < 0.005 — 353 Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.04 0.03 0.30 0.35 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 58.3 58.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 58.5 -------------------
TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 15 / 39
0.000.000.000.000.000.00—0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00Onsite truck
Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.17 0.00 0.04 0.04 — 176 176 0.01 0.01 0.02 178 Vendor 0.01 < 0.005 0.15 0.04 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.04 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 123 123 < 0.005 0.02 0.01 128 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 — 26.2 26.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.05 26.6 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 18.0 18.0 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 18.9 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 4.34 4.34 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 4.40 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 2.98 2.98 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 3.12 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.7. Building Construction (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
-------------------
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2,406—0.020.102,3982,398—0.40—0.400.43—0.430.0213.010.41.131.35Off-Roa d
Equipm
ent
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
1.35 1.13 10.4 13.0 0.02 0.43 — 0.43 0.40 — 0.40 — 2,398 2,398 0.10 0.02 — 2,406 Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.65 0.54 5.05 6.30 0.01 0.21 — 0.21 0.19 — 0.19 — 1,159 1,159 0.05 0.01 — 1,163 Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.12 0.10 0.92 1.15 < 0.005 0.04 — 0.04 0.04 — 0.04 — 192 192 0.01 < 0.005 — 193 Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.07 0.06 0.06 1.03 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.17 0.00 0.04 0.04 — 188 188 0.01 0.01 0.69 191 Vendor 0.01 < 0.005 0.13 0.04 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.04 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 121 121 < 0.005 0.02 0.34 127 TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 17 / 39
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.17 0.00 0.04 0.04 — 173 173 0.01 0.01 0.02 175 Vendor 0.01 < 0.005 0.14 0.04 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.04 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 121 121 < 0.005 0.02 0.01 127 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.02 — 84.5 84.5 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.14 85.7 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.07 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 — 58.5 58.5 < 0.005 0.01 0.07 61.3 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.01 < 0.005 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 14.0 14.0 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 14.2 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 9.69 9.69 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 10.1 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.9. Paving (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.85 0.71 6.52 8.84 0.01 0.29 — 0.29 0.26 — 0.26 — 1,351 1,351 0.05 0.01 — 1,355 Paving 0.20 0.20 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -------------------
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Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.04 0.04 0.32 0.44 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 66.6 66.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 66.8 Paving 0.01 0.01 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.01 0.01 0.06 0.08 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 11.0 11.0 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 11.1 Paving < 0.005 < 0.005 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.11 0.09 0.09 1.54 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.26 0.00 0.06 0.06 — 282 282 0.01 0.01 1.04 286 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 12.9 12.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 13.1 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 19 / 39
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 2.14 2.14 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 2.17 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.11. Architectural Coating (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Onsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.15 0.13 0.88 1.14 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 134 134 0.01 < 0.005 — 134 Architect
ur
al
Coating
s
26.0 26.0 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
0.01 0.01 0.04 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 6.58 6.58 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 6.61 -------------------
TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 20 / 39
————————————————1.281.28Architect
ur
al
Coating
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Off-Roa
d
Equipm
ent
< 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 1.09 1.09 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.09 Architect
ur
al
Coating
s
0.23 0.23 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Onsite
tr
uck
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 — 34.5 34.5 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 35.0 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.72 1.72 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.75 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.29 0.29 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.29 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 21 / 39
Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4. Operations Emissions Details
4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use
4.1.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
1.33 1.24 0.84 10.1 0.02 0.01 2.19 2.21 0.01 0.56 0.57 — 2,381 2,381 0.09 0.09 7.66 2,417 Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 1.33 1.24 0.84 10.1 0.02 0.01 2.19 2.21 0.01 0.56 0.57 — 2,381 2,381 0.09 0.09 7.66 2,417 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
1.26 1.17 0.90 8.62 0.02 0.01 2.19 2.21 0.01 0.56 0.57 — 2,223 2,223 0.10 0.09 0.20 2,252 Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 1.26 1.17 0.90 8.62 0.02 0.01 2.19 2.21 0.01 0.56 0.57 — 2,223 2,223 0.10 0.09 0.20 2,252 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
0.23 0.21 0.17 1.63 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.39 0.40 < 0.005 0.10 0.10 — 372 372 0.02 0.02 0.55 377 Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 22 / 39
Total 0.23 0.21 0.17 1.63 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.39 0.40 < 0.005 0.10 0.10 — 372 372 0.02 0.02 0.55 377
4.2. Energy
4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — — 206 206 0.02 < 0.005 — 207
Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — — 64.0 64.0 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 64.2 Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 270 270 0.02 < 0.005 — 271 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — — 206 206 0.02 < 0.005 — 207
Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — — 64.0 64.0 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 64.2 Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 270 270 0.02 < 0.005 — 271 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — — 34.1 34.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 34.3 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — — 10.6 10.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 10.6 Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 44.7 44.7 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 44.9 TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 23 / 39
4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
0.04 0.02 0.33 0.14 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 422 422 0.04 < 0.005 — 423 Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 0.04 0.02 0.33 0.14 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 422 422 0.04 < 0.005 — 423 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
0.04 0.02 0.33 0.14 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 422 422 0.04 < 0.005 — 423 Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 0.04 0.02 0.33 0.14 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 422 422 0.04 < 0.005 — 423 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
0.01 < 0.005 0.06 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 69.8 69.8 0.01 < 0.005 — 70.0 Parking
Lot
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 0.01 < 0.005 0.06 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 69.8 69.8 0.01 < 0.005 — 70.0
4.3. Area Emissions by Source
4.3.1. Unmitigated
TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 24 / 39
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Source TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hearths 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Consum
er
Product
s
1.55 1.55 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Architect
ur
al
Coating
s
0.13 0.13 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Landsca
pe
Equipm
ent
0.19 0.18 0.02 2.10 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 5.61 5.61 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.63 Total 1.87 1.86 0.02 2.10 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 0.00 5.61 5.61 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.63 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hearths 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Consum
er
Product
s
1.55 1.55 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Architect
ur
al
Coating
s
0.13 0.13 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total 1.68 1.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Hearths 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 -------------------
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————————————————0.280.28Consum
er
Product
Architect
ur
al
Coating
s
0.02 0.02 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Landsca
pe
Equipm
ent
0.02 0.02 < 0.005 0.26 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 0.64 0.64 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.64 Total 0.33 0.33 < 0.005 0.26 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 0.00 0.64 0.64 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 0.64
4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use
4.4.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — 2.88 15.6 18.5 0.30 0.01 — 28.1
Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 2.88 15.6 18.5 0.30 0.01 — 28.1 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — 2.88 15.6 18.5 0.30 0.01 — 28.1
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0.00—0.000.000.000.000.00———————————Parking
Lot
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 2.88 15.6 18.5 0.30 0.01 — 28.1 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.48 2.59 3.07 0.05 < 0.005 — 4.65 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 0.48 2.59 3.07 0.05 < 0.005 — 4.65
4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use
4.5.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — 18.3 0.00 18.3 1.83 0.00 — 64.1
Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 18.3 0.00 18.3 1.83 0.00 — 64.1 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — 18.3 0.00 18.3 1.83 0.00 — 64.1
Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
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Total — — — — — — — — — — — 18.3 0.00 18.3 1.83 0.00 — 64.1 Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — 3.04 0.00 3.04 0.30 0.00 — 10.6
Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 3.04 0.00 3.04 0.30 0.00 — 10.6
4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use
4.6.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.52 0.52
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.52 0.52
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.52 0.52
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.52 0.52
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Single
F
amily
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.09 0.09
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.09 0.09
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4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type
4.7.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipm
ent
T
ype
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type
4.8.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipm
ent
T
ype
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
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Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type
4.9.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipm
ent
T
ype
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type
4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Vegetati
on
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
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——————————————————Daily,
Winter
(Max)
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Species TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Sequest
ered
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
-------------------
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Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Remove
d
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Sequest
ered
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Remove
d
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Annual — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Sequest
ered
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Remove
d
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Subtotal — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
5. Activity Data
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5.1. Construction Schedule
Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Days Per Week Work Days per Phase Phase Description Site Preparation Site Preparation 10/1/2024 10/7/2024 5.00 5.00 — Grading Grading 10/8/2024 10/17/2024 5.00 8.00 —
Building Construction Building Construction 10/18/2024 9/4/2025 5.00 230 — Paving Paving 9/5/2025 9/30/2025 5.00 18.0 —
Architectural Coating Architectural Coating 10/1/2025 10/24/2025 5.00 18.0 —
5.2. Off-Road Equipment
5.2.1. Unmitigated
Phase Name Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor Site Preparation Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Average 3.00 8.00 367 0.40 Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Back
hoes
Diesel Average 4.00 8.00 84.0 0.37
Grading Graders Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 148 0.41
Grading Excavators Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 36.0 0.38
Grading Tractors/Loaders/Back
hoes
Diesel Average 3.00 8.00 84.0 0.37
Grading Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 367 0.40 Building Construction Cranes Diesel Average 1.00 7.00 367 0.29 Building Construction Forklifts Diesel Average 3.00 8.00 82.0 0.20 Building Construction Generator Sets Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 14.0 0.74 Building Construction Welders Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 46.0 0.45 Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Back
hoes
Diesel Average 3.00 7.00 84.0 0.37
Paving Tractors/Loaders/Back
hoes
Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 84.0 0.37
TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 33 / 39
0.5610.06.002.00AverageDieselPaving Cement and Mortar
Mixers
Paving Pavers Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 81.0 0.42
Paving Paving Equipment Diesel Average 2.00 6.00 89.0 0.36 Paving Rollers Diesel Average 2.00 6.00 36.0 0.38
Architectural Coating Air Compressors Diesel Average 1.00 6.00 37.0 0.48
5.3. Construction Vehicles
5.3.1. Unmitigated
Phase Name Trip Type One-Way Trips per Day Miles per Trip Vehicle Mix Site Preparation — — — —
Site Preparation Worker 17.5 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Site Preparation Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Site Preparation Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Site Preparation Onsite truck — — HHDT
Grading — — — —
Grading Worker 15.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Grading Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Grading Hauling 125 20.0 HHDT
Grading Onsite truck — — HHDT
Building Construction — — — —
Building Construction Worker 13.3 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Building Construction Vendor 3.96 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Building Construction Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Building Construction Onsite truck — — HHDT
Paving — — — —
Paving Worker 20.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Paving Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
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Paving Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Paving Onsite truck — — HHDT
Architectural Coating — — — —
Architectural Coating Worker 2.66 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Architectural Coating Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Architectural Coating Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Architectural Coating Onsite truck — — HHDT
5.4. Vehicles
5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies
Control Strategies Applied PM10 Reduction PM2.5 Reduction Water unpaved roads twice daily 55% 55%
Limit vehicle speeds on unpaved roads to 25 mph 44% 44% Sweep paved roads once per month 9% 9%
5.5. Architectural Coatings
Phase Name Residential Interior Area
Coated
(sq ft)
Residential Exterior Area
Coated
(sq ft)
Non-Residential Interior Area
Coated
(sq ft)
Non-Residential Exterior Area
Coated
(sq ft)
Parking Area Coated (sq ft)
Architectural Coating 146,104 48,701 0.00 0.00 3,528
5.6. Dust Mitigation
5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities
Phase Name Material Imported (Cubic
Y
ards)
Material Exported (Cubic
Y
ards)
Acres Graded (acres) Material Demolished (sq. ft.) Acres Paved (acres) Site Preparation 0.00 0.00 7.50 0.00 —
Grading 0.00 8,000 8.00 0.00 —
TTM 37858 Single Family Residential Project Custom Report, 9/19/2025 35 / 39
Paving 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.76
5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies
Control Strategies Applied Frequency (per day) PM10 Reduction PM2.5 Reduction Water Exposed Area 2 61% 61%
5.7. Construction Paving
Land Use Area Paved (acres) % Asphalt
Single Family Housing 0.41 0%
Parking Lot 1.35 100%
5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors kWh per Y ear and Emission Factor (lb/MWh)
Y ear kWh per Y ear CO2 CH4 N2O
2024 0.00 453 0.03 < 0.005
2025 0.00 453 0.03 < 0.005
5.9. Operational Mobile Sources
5.9.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Type Trips/Weekday Trips/Saturday Trips/Sunday Trips/Y ear VMT/Weekday VMT/Saturday VMT/Sunday VMT/Y ear Single Family
Housing
349 349 349 127,352 3,112 3,112 3,112 1,136,007
Parking Lot 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
5.10. Operational Area Sources
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5.10.1. Hearths
5.10.1.1. Unmitigated
Hearth Type Unmitigated (number)
Single Family Housing —
Wood Fireplaces 0
Gas Fireplaces 0
Propane Fireplaces 0
Electric Fireplaces 0
No Fireplaces 37
Conventional Wood Stoves 0
Catalytic Wood Stoves 0
Non-Catalytic Wood Stoves 0
Pellet Wood Stoves 0
5.10.2. Architectural Coatings
Residential Interior Area Coated (sq
ft)
Residential Exterior Area Coated (sq
ft)
Non-Residential Interior Area Coated
(sq
ft)
Non-Residential Exterior Area
Coated
(sq ft)
Parking Area Coated (sq ft)
146103.75 48,701 0.00 0.00 3,528
5.10.3. Landscape Equipment
Season Unit Value
Snow Days day/yr 0.00
Summer Days day/yr 250
5.11. Operational Energy Consumption
5.11.1. Unmitigated
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Electricity (kWh/yr) and CO2 and CH4 and N2O and Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Land Use Electricity (kWh/yr) CO2 CH4 N2O Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Single Family Housing 165,913 453 0.0330 0.0040 1,315,880 Parking Lot 51,509 453 0.0330 0.0040 0.00
5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption
5.12.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Indoor Water (gal/year) Outdoor Water (gal/year) Single Family Housing 1,504,930 443,532
Parking Lot 0.00 0.00
5.13. Operational Waste Generation
5.13.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Waste (ton/year) Cogeneration (kWh/year)
Single Family Housing 34.0 —
Parking Lot 0.00 —
5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment
5.14.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Type Equipment Type Refrigerant GWP Quantity (kg) Operations Leak Rate Service Leak Rate Times Serviced Single Family Housing Average room A/C &
Other
residential A/C
and heat pumps
R-410A 2,088 < 0.005 2.50 2.50 10.0
Single Family Housing Household
refr
igerators and/or
freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.12 0.60 0.00 1.00
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5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment
5.15.1. Unmitigated
Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor
5.16. Stationary Sources
5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps
Equipment Type Fuel Type Number per Day Hours per Day Hours per Y ear Horsepower Load Factor
5.16.2. Process Boilers
Equipment Type Fuel Type Number Boiler Rating (MMBtu/hr) Daily Heat Input (MMBtu/day) Annual Heat Input (MMBtu/yr)
5.17. User Defined
Equipment Type Fuel Type
5.18. Vegetation
5.18.1. Land Use Change
5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Vegetation Land Use Type Vegetation Soil Type Initial Acres Final Acres
5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type
5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Biomass Cover Type Initial Acres Final Acres
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5.18.2. Sequestration
5.18.2.1. Unmitigated
Tree Type Number Electricity Saved (kWh/year) Natural Gas Saved (btu/year)
8. User Changes to Default Data
Screen Justification
Land Use Project consists of 37 single-family detached homes and approximately 58.8 TSF of paved surf
aces on a total site of approximately 4.81 acres.
Construction: Construction Phases The project site is currently vacant, and no demolition will be required.
Operations: Vehicle Data Trip generation rates are adjusted to reflect 349 daily trips, based on the Cactus Avenue and Br
adshaw Circle Residential Project Trip Generation and VMT Screening Analysis, City of Moreno Valley, prepared by RK.
Operations: Fleet Mix Fleet mix is adjusted to reflect a total of 2% heavy trucks (GVWR > 10,000 lbs.).
Operations: Hearths Per SCAQMD Rule 445, no wood-burning devices shall be allowed. The project will not include an
y gas fireplaces.
Operations: Energy Use Energy usage is adjusted to account for electricity generated by onsite solar panels.
Construction: Off-Road Equipment Project will utilize Tier 4 low emission engines (OEM or retrofit) that include diesel oxidation catalysts
and diesel particulate filters that meet the latest CARB best available control technology.
Appendix B
EMFAC2021 Vehicle Fuel Consumption Data
Source: EMFAC2025 (v2.0.0) Emissions Inventory
Region Type: Air District
Region: South Coast AQMD
Calendar Year: 2027
Season: Annual
Vehicle Classification: EMFAC2007 Categories
Units: miles/day for Combustion VMT and Electric VMT, trips/day for Trips, tons/day for Emissions, 1000 gallons/day for Fuel Consumption, kWh/day for Energy Consumption, kg/day for Hydrogen Consumption Region Calendar Year Vehicle Category Model Year Speed Fuel Population Total VMT Fuel Consumption Fuel Split
(Gas:Diesel)
MPG,
by Fuel Type
MPG,
Average
South Coast AQMD 2027 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 119.9786149 5039.865379 1.292650238 0.000563395 3.898862376 6.389554723 South Coast AQMD 2027 HHDT Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 104694.0021 14655111.19 2293.100573 0.999436605 6.390958758 South Coast AQMD 2027 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 4365511.132 122279941.4 4660.5255 0.998717608 26.23737203 26.24952527 South Coast AQMD 2027 LDA Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 9374.916105 213725.4271 5.984296501 0.001282392 35.71437796 South Coast AQMD 2027 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 459882.6443 13188498.87 592.399392 0.999836848 22.2628501 22.2628013 South Coast AQMD 2027 LDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 100.2449672 2123.159791 0.096666669 0.000163152 21.96372153 South Coast AQMD 2027 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 2600590.744 87049580.58 3892.623714 0.998710425 22.36270109 22.37298592 South Coast AQMD 2027 LDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 4676.709905 152488.5502 5.026311659 0.001289575 30.33806111 South Coast AQMD 2027 LHDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 191914.015 6082376.492 432.8421995 0.751295699 14.05217999 15.68707413 South Coast AQMD 2027 LHDT1 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 90403.37187 2955380.11 143.2854155 0.248704301 20.62582643 South Coast AQMD 2027 LHDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 39728.80291 1417530.56 108.3207185 0.374131726 13.08642133 16.2498921 South Coast AQMD 2027 LHDT2 Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 78414.06531 3287229.466 181.2048979 0.625868274 18.14095261 South Coast AQMD 2027 MCY Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 254728.5887 1430122.847 36.57939924 1 39.09640062 39.09640062 South Coast AQMD 2027 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 1618820.697 53179824.35 2922.694912 0.974882352 18.19547574 18.34514026 South Coast AQMD 2027 MDV Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 47020.27838 1818861.373 75.30264779 0.025117648 24.15401618 South Coast AQMD 2027 MH Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 33466.17076 288683.0254 59.46696905 0.834461628 4.854510495 5.719692219 South Coast AQMD 2027 MH Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 13701.47309 118924.4054 11.79690586 0.165538372 10.08098283 South Coast AQMD 2027 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 32148.25779 1407853.777 264.8952811 0.356230844 5.314755971 7.61846648 South Coast AQMD 2027 MHDT Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 116061.9004 4257281.212 478.7104043 0.643769156 8.893228919 South Coast AQMD 2027 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 5068.871427 139612.4062 27.61773216 0.570608264 5.05517272 6.138127489 South Coast AQMD 2027 OBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 2755.436213 157476.1075 20.78277992 0.429391736 7.577239816 South Coast AQMD 2027 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 2717.237286 100365.3766 10.92072148 0.622377463 9.190361344 8.495522141 South Coast AQMD 2027 SBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 2489.694284 48703.69586 6.626060217 0.377622537 7.35032497 South Coast AQMD 2027 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Gasoline 822.035363 51797.79747 10.18350243 0.984652985 5.086442293 5.106599397 South Coast AQMD 2027 UBUS Aggregate Aggregate Diesel 13.70031546 1015.80099 0.158722274 0.015347015 6.399864133