ATT 5 WQMP — Murrieta City Council, May 20, 2025 (part 2 of 2)

3712910 3712920 3712930 3712940 3712950 3712960 3712970 3712980 3712990 3713000 3713010 3713020 3713030 3713040 3713050 3712910 3712920 3712930 3712940 3712950 3712960 3712970 3712980 3712990 3713000 3713010 3713020 3713030 3713040 3713050 481050 481060 481070 481080 481090 481 100 481 1 10 481 120 481 130 481 140 481 150 481 160 481050 481060 481070 481080 481090 481 100 481 1 10 481 120 481 130 481 140 481 150 33° 33' 25'' N
117° 12' 15'' W
33° 33' 25'' N
117° 12' 10'' W
33° 33' 20'' N
117° 12' 15'' W
33° 33' 20'' N
117° 12' 10'' W
N
Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 11N WGS84 0 35 70 140 210
Feet
0 10 20 40 60
Meters
Map Scale: 1:735 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.

Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.

MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest (AOI)
Area of Interest (AOI)
Soils
Soil Rating Polygons
A
A/D
B
B/D
C
C/D
D
Not rated or not available
Soil Rating Lines
A
A/D
B
B/D
C
C/D
D
Not rated or not available
Soil Rating Points
A
A/D
B
B/D
C
C/D
D
Not rated or not available
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
Rails
Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Background
Aerial Photography
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
1:15,800.

Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.

Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale.

Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.

Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL:

Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required.

This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below.

Soil Survey Area: Western Riverside Area, California
Survey Area Data: Version 14, Sep 13, 2021
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger.

Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jan 7, 2021—Jan 14, 2021
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.

Hydrologic Soil Group—Western Riverside Area, California Natural Resources
Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey
National Cooperative Soil Survey
1/14/2022

Page 2 of 4 ends

Hydrologic Soil Group
Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI GyC2 Greenfield sandy loam,
2 to 8 percent slopes,
eroded
A 0.2 18.2%
MaB2 Madera fine sandy loam,
2 to 5 percent slopes,
eroded
D 0.2 15.1%
RaB2 Ramona sandy loam, 2
to 5 percent slopes,
eroded
C 0.8 66.7%
Totals for Area of Interest 1.1 100.0%
Hydrologic Soil Group—Western Riverside Area, California Natural Resources
Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey
National Cooperative Soil Survey
1/14/2022

Page 3 of 4 ends

Description
Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four groups according to the rate of water infiltration when the soils are not protected by vegetation, are thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from long-duration storms.

The soils in the United States are assigned to four groups (A, B, C, and D) and three dual classes (A/D, B/D, and C/D). The groups are defined as follows:

Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission.

Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture.

These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission.

Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water transmission.

Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission.

If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D, B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for drained areas and the second is for undrained areas. Only the soils that in their natural condition are in group D are assigned to dual classes.

Rating Options
Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition
Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified
Tie-break Rule: Higher
Hydrologic Soil Group—Western Riverside Area, California Natural Resources
Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey
National Cooperative Soil Survey
1/14/2022

Page 4 of 4 ends

Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP)
U-Haul of Murrieta

- 55 -

Appendix 4: Historical Site
Conditions
Phase I Environmental Site Assessment or Other Information on Past Site Use

Examples of material to provide in Appendix 4 may include but are not limited to the following:
• Environmental Site Assessments conducted for the project, • Other information on Past Site Use that impacts the feasibility of LID BMP implementation on the site.

This information should support the Full Infiltration Applicability, and Biofiltration Applicability sections of this Template. Refer to Section 2.3 of the SMR WQMP and Sections D of this Template.

Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP)
U-Haul of Murrieta

- 56 -

N/A
Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP)
U-Haul of Murrieta

- 57 -

Appendix 5: LID Feasibility
Supplemental Information
Information that supports or supplements the determination of LID technical feasibility documented in Section D

Examples of material to provide in Appendix 5 may include but are not limited to the following:
• Technical feasibility criteria for DMAs
• Site specific analysis of technical infeasibility of all LID BMPs (if Alternative Compliance is needed)
• Documentation of Approval criteria for Proprietary Biofiltration BMPs

This information should support the Full Infiltration Applicability, and Biofiltration Applicability sections of this Template. Refer to Section 2.3 of the SMR WQMP and Sections D of this Template.

Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP)
U-Haul of Murrieta

- 58 -

N/A
Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP)
U-Haul of Murrieta

- 59 -

Appendix 6: LID BMP Design
Details
BMP Sizing, Design Details and other Supporting Documentation to supplement Section D

Examples of material to provide in Appendix 6 may include but are not limited to the following:
• DCV calculations,
• LID BMP sizing calculations from Exhibit C of the SMR WQMP • Design details/drawings from manufacturers for proprietary BMPs This information should support the Full Infiltration Applicability, and Biofiltration Applicability sections of this Template. Refer to Section 3.4 of the SMR WQMP and Sections D.4 of this Template.

Company Name: Date:

Enter the area tributary to this feature A
T= 0.23 acres
Enter VBMP determines from Section 2.1 of this Handbook V BMP= 276 ft3 Reservoir Layer Depth, bTH bTH= 9 inches
AS= 920 ft2
4,195 ft2
(A) 1.5 in
(B) 0 in
(C) 5 in
(D) 9 in

15.5 in
2 %
Sediment Control Provided? (Use pulldown) Yes
Geotechnical report attached? (Use pulldown) Yes
Describe Surrounding Vegetation:

Notes:

If the permeable pavement has been designed correctly, there should be no error messages on the spreadsheet.

Permeable Pavement Cross Section
Per the Geotechnical
Engineer's
Recommendations
Reservoir Layer
Total Permeable Pavement Section
Slope of Permeable Pavement

Enter the area tributary to this feature A
T= 0.05 acres
Enter VBMP determines from Section 2.1 of this Handbook V BMP= 51 ft3 Reservoir Layer Depth, bTH bTH= 9 inches
AS= 170 ft2
1,227 ft2
(A) 1.5 in
(B) 0 in
(C) 5 in
(D) 9 in

15.5 in
1 %
Sediment Control Provided? (Use pulldown) Yes
Geotechnical report attached? (Use pulldown) Yes
Describe Surrounding Vegetation:

Notes:

If the permeable pavement has been designed correctly, there should be no error messages on the spreadsheet.

Permeable Pavement Cross Section
Per the Geotechnical
Engineer's
Recommendations
Reservoir Layer
Total Permeable Pavement Section
Slope of Permeable Pavement

Minimum Surface Area Required, A
S
AS (ft) = VBMP (ft3)
(0.4 x bTH (in)) / 12(in/ft) Proposed Surface Area =
Permeable Pavement Surface Area
Permeable Pavement - Design Procedure BMP ID Legend: Required Entries DMA 7/11 Calculated Cells
IESE 5/6/2024
ARP
Design Volume
Riverside County Best Management Practice Design Handbook JUNE 2010
Date
Enter the Area Tributary to this Feature AT = 0.23 acres Site Location Township
Range
Section
D85 = 0.81
If = 0.60
Use the following equation based on the WEF/ASCE Method C = 0.858I f
3 - 0.78I f
2 + 0.774I f + 0.04 C = 0.41
Vu = 0.33
VBMP (ft 3)= VBMP = 276 ft 3
Determine the Effective Impervious Fraction
Type of post-development surface cover
(use pull down menu)
Mixed Surface Types
Effective Impervious Fraction
85 th Percentile, 24-hour Rainfall Depth, from the Isohyetal Map in Handbook Appendix E Notes:
(Note this worksheet shall only be used in conjunction with BMP designs from the LID BMP Design Handbook ) Calculate the design storage volume of the BMP, V BMP . 12 (in/ft)
Calculate V U, the 85% Unit Storage Volume V U= D 85 x C V U (in-ac/ac) x A T (ac) x 43,560 (ft 2/ac)
Enter the 85 th Percentile, 24-hour Rainfall Depth
DMA 2, 8, & 9
Calculate the composite Runoff Coefficient, C for the BMP Tributary Area Determine Design Storage Volume, V BMP
(in*ac)/ac
5/6/2024
Designed by ARP County/City Case No
Company Project Number/Name 20002 UHAUL
Drainage Area Number/Name
Calculated Cells
Company Name IESE
Santa Margarita Watershed
BMP Design Volume, V BMP (Rev. 03-2012)
Legend: Required Entries
Date
Enter the Area Tributary to this Feature AT = 0.05 acres Site Location Township
Range
Section
D85 = 0.81
If = 0.51
Use the following equation based on the WEF/ASCE Method C = 0.858I f
3 - 0.78I f
2 + 0.774I f + 0.04 C = 0.35
Vu = 0.28
VBMP (ft 3)= VBMP = 51 ft 3
Determine the Effective Impervious Fraction
Type of post-development surface cover
(use pull down menu)
Mixed Surface Types
Effective Impervious Fraction
85 th Percentile, 24-hour Rainfall Depth, from the Isohyetal Map in Handbook Appendix E Notes:
(Note this worksheet shall only be used in conjunction with BMP designs from the LID BMP Design Handbook ) Calculate the design storage volume of the BMP, V BMP . 12 (in/ft)
Calculate V U, the 85% Unit Storage Volume V U= D 85 x C V U (in-ac/ac) x A T (ac) x 43,560 (ft 2/ac)
Enter the 85 th Percentile, 24-hour Rainfall Depth
DMA 7 & 11
Calculate the composite Runoff Coefficient, C for the BMP Tributary Area Determine Design Storage Volume, V BMP
(in*ac)/ac
5/6/2024
Designed by ARP County/City Case No
Company Project Number/Name 20002 UHAUL
Drainage Area Number/Name
Calculated Cells
Company Name IESE
Santa Margarita Watershed
BMP Design Volume, V BMP (Rev. 03-2012)
Legend: Required Entries
Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP)
U-Haul of Murrieta

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Appendix 7:

Hydromodification
Supporting Detail Relating to compliance with the Hydromodification Performance Standards

Examples of material to provide in Appendix 7 may include but are not limited to the following:
• Hydromodification Exemption Exhibit,
• Potential Critical Coarse Sediment Yield Area Mapping • Hydromodification BMP sizing calculations,
• SMRHM report files,
• Site-Specific Critical Coarse Sediment Analysis,
• Design details/drawings from manufacturers for proprietary BMPs This information should support the hydromodification exemption (if applicable) and hydrologic control BMP and Sediment Supply BMP sections of this Template. Refer to Section 2.4 and 3.6 of the SMR WQMP and Sections E of this Template.

Development Project Number(s): Rain Gauge
Latitude (decimal format): BMP Type (per WQMP):

Longitude (decimal format): BMP Number (Sequential):

DRAINAGE AREA (ACRES) - 10 acre max1 2-YEAR, 1-HOUR INTENSITY (IN/HR) - Plate D-4.3 LONGEST WATERCOURSE (FT) - 1,000' max1 10-YEAR, 1-HOUR INTENSITY (IN/HR) - Plate D-4.1 UPSTREAM ELEVATION OF WATERCOURSE (FT) SLOPE OF THE INTENSITY DURATION - Plate D-4.6 DOWNSTREAM ELEV. OF WATERCOURSE (FT) CLOSEST IMPERVIOUS PERCENTAGE (%) EXISTING IMPERVIOUS PERCENTAGE (%)
LOW LOSS RATE (%) calc'd: 90.00 Over-ride:

Use 10% of Q2 to avoid Field Screening requirements
*Attach Field Screen report with photos, and field measurements. SCCWRP Field Screening Tool available at: http://www.sccwrp.org/Data/DataTools/HydromodScreening.aspx *SCCWRP Tech. Report #606 for Field Screening available at: CCWRP Field Screening Tool available at: http://www.sccwrp.org/Data/DataTools/HydromodScreening.aspx **Calculator output shall be attached. Calculator can be found at: http://www.projectcleanwater.org/attachments/article/137/Channel%20Vulnerability%20Calculator.xlsx?1361c1 18 0.83 Ac. Weighted Average RI Numbers = 76.0 89.0
Per Dr. Luis Parra, the AMC condition is based on the rainfall record. Applying NEH-4 (1964) for the non-freezing conditions in Riverside County the AMC conditions are:

AMC-I for less than 0.5" of rain the previous 5 days; AMC-II for between 0.5" to 1.1" of rain the previous 5 days; or AMC-III for more than 1.1" for the previous 5 days.

Ex. 10-year Flowrate
1 = 0.694 cfs Flowrate1 = cfs
Ex. 10-year Flowrate (Attach Study) = cfs Ex. 2-year Flowrate (Attach Study) = cfs 1The equations used to determine the 10-year and 10% of the 2-yr are limited to 10-acres and 1,000'. Flowrates from a separate study can be used to over-ride the calculated values so that larger areas (up to 20 acres) and longer watercourse lengths can be used. All values still need to be filled out, even when there is a user-defined discharge value entered.

DRAINAGE AREA (ACRES)

LONGEST WATERCOURSE (FT)
DIFFERENCE IN ELEV (FT) - along watercourse
PROPOSED IMPERVIOUS PERCENTAGE (%)
18 0.83 Ac. Weighted Average RI Numbers = 43.0 63.0
Per Dr. Luis Parra, the AMC condition is based on the rainfall record. Applying NEH-4 (1964) for the non-freezing conditions in Riverside County the AMC conditions are:

AMC-I for less than 0.5" of rain the previous 5 days; AMC-II for between 0.5" to 1.1" of rain the previous 5 days; or AMC-III for more than 1.1" for the previous 5 days. --- --- Responsible-in-charge: Alex R. Paulsen, PE Date:

Signature: Spreadsheet Developed by: Benjie Cho, P.E.

Post-Project
370
1 41

0.83 Go to "BMP Design" tab to design your BMP, then check results below.

Print both this "HydroMod" Sheet and the "BMP Design" sheet for your submittal.

Vegetative Cover
RI Index
AMC II
89 Soil A % Soil C % Cover Type #
76 96
Soil D %
Cover -
Cover Type
Barren
Subarea Acreage
Pre-Development - Calculated Range of Flow Rates analyzed for Hydromod (Suceptible Range of Flows)

0.10 feet
0 Ex. 10% of the 2-year
Soil D %
RI Index
AMC I
RI Index
AMC II
Urban Landscaping Cover Good
Post-Project - Hydrograph Information
Post-Project - Soils Information
First result out of compliance in the rainfall record
Yes, this is acceptable
Proposed
0 0

12.62 hours
---
Requirement
---
---
---
0 0

80.0 Pre-Development
Calculated Upper Flow-rate limit Calculated Lower Flow-rate limit 0% Undeveloped - Good Cover
It is expressly agreed and understood by the USER of this Excel Spreadsheet file (file) released hereby (whether released in digital or hard copy form) that Riverside County (County) makes no representation as to its accuracy. Further, it is the intent of the parties hereto that the USER shall review and verify calculations, analyze results, and/or independently determine the accuracy thereof prior to placing any reliance whatsoever on the information. Further, the USER shall hold the County, together with the officers, agents and employees of each, free and harmless from any liability whatsoever, including wrongful death, based or asserted upon any act or omission of the District or County, their officers, agents, employees or subcontractors, relating to or in any way connected with the unauthorized use of these files or information; and USER agrees to protect and defend, including all attorney fees and other expenses, each of the foregoing bodies and persons in any legal action based or asserted upon any such acts or omissions. USER also agrees not to sell, reproduce or release these files to others for any purpose whatsoever, except those incidental uses for which the files were acquired, verified and combined with USER’S own work product. Reasonable effort was made to fully comply with the San Diego MS4 Permit requirements using the methods found in the Riverside County Hydrology Manual. If the user finds an error in any way, please contact the County so that the error can be corrected. Any direct tampering of the equations in this spreadsheet would be considered extremely inappropriate, and potentially fraudulent. 0 0 0
Temecula Valley
0 0.622

1.01 96.0
Pre-Development - Soils Information
RI Index
AMC I
RI Index

AMC III
Santa Margarita Region - County HydroMod Iterative Spreadsheet Model Only for use the unincorporated portions of Riverside County, unless otherwise approved by the Co-Permittee Pre-Development - Hydrology Information
Yes
Pre-Development Pre-Development
Soil B %
1 0.83 Ac.

0.45 0.83
171
1107
1102
0 0.1Q2 No
Issue @ Stage =
Issue @ Stage =
67 67 15
43 63
0 Soil B % Soil C %
0 15
RI Index

AMC III

0.076
0 Mitigated Q < 110% of Pre-Dev. Q?
Mitigated Duration < 110% of Pre-Dev?*
Cover Type # Subarea Acreage Cover Type Vegetative Cover Soil A % 22 0.83 Ac.
(Co-Permitte Approval is required) User-Defined Discharge Values with accompanying Hydrology Study 1 Post-Project
80 Uhaul Murrieta
Results
See below for the Height
in the Basin (Stage) that is
causing a non-compliant result ---
---
---
---
---
---
---
Yes, this is acceptable
Yes, this is acceptable
---
Hydromod Ponded depth
Hydromod Drain Time (unclogged)
Is the HydroMod BMP properly sized?
DMA 1-2 - HydroMod Spreadsheet (Temecula) v.4.xlsx
BMP Design Fill in blue shaded areas
feet, Stage Intervals Larger intervals may incr. the Q at the bottom stg.

STEP1 : Size the BMP, so that the Total Volume > Max HydroMod Vol. (Deeper is ok, it will be refined in the Design Geometry) Is the BMP a Tank shape? 2 1 for yes; 2 for no. 0 0 0 0 Is the BMP Arched shape? 2 1 for yes; 2 for no. 0.10 0.049 2132 0.02 How many cells together? 2 0.20 0.098 4263 0.09
Diameter (Hortz. for arch) = 48 IN 0.30 0.147 6395 0.19 Length = 160 FT 0.40 0.196 8526 0.32

0.50 0.245 10658 0.46

0.60 0.294 12790 0.58
Bottom Stage H= 1.0' SS= 0 :1 0.70 0.343 14921 0.66

0.80 0.391 17053 0.72
Width 146 FT 0.90 0.440 19184 0.79
Length 146 FT 1.00 0.489 21316 0.85
area = area = 21316
Top Stage H= 0.0' SS= :1
Top Area
Width FT
Length FT
area = area = 0
FT3
FT3
FT3
FT3
FT2
FT
1Does not include forebay, or low flow trench
2Does not account for freeboard or access roads
3Does not consider Increased Runoff
STEP3 : Delete outlets, then propose the largest lowest orifice that does not, exceed the ex. Q or Duration. If the Q is acceptable, but the duration is exceeded, try decreasing orifice, then adding a weir slightly below the stage that has an issue.

OUTLETS (for Stage-Discharge) Hydromod Depth =
+ 1' Freeboard =
Top Surface Area
Based on HydroMod Depth +1' of Freeboard
0 6.00

0.5 12.00 FT
FT 0.489 21,316
FT
FT
STEP4 : Complete an increased runoff analysis, if the project can impact downstream properties. Incorporate these designs into the WQMP site plan.

Add emergency overflow weir, for flows that exceed the Hydromod volumes, sized to the 100-year peak flow rate. Add access roads (< 10% longitudnal slope) with enough width & turn around access for equipment that would be needed to scarify the bottom or remove Bioretention soil media.

Yes Consider Infiltration (Yes or No)?

3.78 Infiltration rate (in/hr) 3 ft3/sec, Infiltration (over entire bottom) 3 Factor of Safety (3 or greater) 3 ft3/sec, Infiltration / Factor of Safety 300 mins, Max. Time represented by tests
3Per the RC LID Manual, Appendix A.

Top Stage
It is expressly agreed and understood by the USER of this Excel Spreadsheet file (file) released hereby (whether released in digital or hard copy form) that Riverside County (County) makes no representation as to its accuracy. Further, it is the intent of the parties hereto that the USER shall review and verify calculations, analyze results, and/or independently determine the accuracy thereof prior to placing any reliance whatsoever on the information. Further, the USER shall hold the County, together with the officers, agents and employees of each, free and harmless from any liability whatsoever, including wrongful death, based or asserted upon any act or omission of the District or County, their officers, agents, employees or subcontractors, relating to or in any way connected with the unauthorized use of these files or information; and USER agrees to protect and defend, including all attorney fees and other expenses, each of the foregoing bodies and persons in any legal action based or asserted upon any such acts or omissions. USER also agrees not to sell, reproduce or release these files to others for any purpose whatsoever, except those incidental uses for which the files were acquired, verified and combined with USER’S own work product. Reasonable effort was made to fully comply with the San Diego MS4 Permit requirements using the methods found in the Riverside County Hydrology Manual. If the user finds an error in any way, please contact the County so that the error can be corrected. Any direct tampering of the equations in this spreadsheet would be considered extremely inappropriate, and potentially fraudulent.

Bottom Area
Width
Add Infiltration
Max HydroMod Volume =
BMP % of Site =
146
Width
Length
0 0.10 FT

1.10 FT
No. of Orifices
Orifice Outlets
1 Bottom Stage
Enter information from actual infiltration tests
Total Prop. Volume 1 =
Total Acreage 2 =
Top Area
146
Prop. Top Stg. Vol. =

0.10 0
0 21316
0 Prop Bottom Stg Vol =
Max HydroMod Depth 3 =

MINIMUM DESIGN GEOMETRY
Length

0.1 Storage
(FT3)
Stage-Storage-Discharge *
-
21,316

58.96%
1,073
Bottom Area
Width
Length

0.6217
Crest
Width
(ft)
Crest
Height
(ft)
21,316
No. of
Weirs

1.8652
146
0:1
Width
Length
Weir Outlets
21,316

PROPOSED BMP DIMENSIONS
Basin Shaped BMP (Bottom Stage 1st)
BMP Geometry & Detention Calculations
Tank
BMP
1 Diameter
(inches)
Invert
Height
(ft)
146
Stage
(FT)
Storage
(AC-FT)
Q
(CFS)
0 0.1

0.2 0.3

0.4 0.5

0.6 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
Storage (ac-ft.)
Stage (ft.)
Stage-Storage Curve
0 0.1

0.2 0.3

0.4 0.5

0.6 0.7

0.8 0.9

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0
Discharge (cfs)
Stage (ft.)
Stage-Discharge Curve
Only if allowed by the Co-
Permittee, these infiltration inputs
can be used to simulate
Bioretention/Biofiltration rates with
Backup Calcs and Data.
"Tank Shaped" "Basin Shaped"
Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP)
U-Haul of Murrieta

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Appendix 8: Source Control
Pollutant Sources/Source Control Checklist

Include a copy of the completed Pollutant Sources/Source Control Checklist used to document Source Control BMPs in Section H of this Template.

Appendix 8

S T O R M W A T E R P O L L U T A N T S O U R C E S / S O U R C E C O N T R O L C H E C K L I S T 2018 SMR WQMP TEMPLATE Appendix 8 – Page 1 of 10
How to use this worksheet (also see instructions in Section H of the 2018 SMR WQMP Template):

1. Review Column 1 and identify which of these potential sources of stormwater pollutants apply to your site. Check each box that applies.

2. Review Column 2 and incorporate all of the corresponding applicable BMPs in your WQMP Exhibit.

3. Review Columns 3 and 4 and incorporate all of the corresponding applicable permanent controls and operational BMPs in your WQMP. Use the format shown in Table H.1 of this WQMP Template. Describe your specific BMPs in an accompanying narrative, and explain any special conditions or situations that required omitting BMPs or substituting alternative BMPs for those shown here.

Appendix 8

S T O R M W A T E R P O L L U T A N T S O U R C E S / S O U R C E C O N T R O L C H E C K L I S T 2018 SMR WQMP TEMPLATE Appendix 8 – Page 2 of 10

State t hat final landscape plans will
accomplish all of the following.
 Preserve existing native trees,
shrubs, and ground cover to the
maximum extent possible.
 Design landscaping to minimize
irrigation and runoff, to promote
surface infiltration where
appropriate, and to minimize the
use of fertilizers and pesticides that
can contribute to stormwater
pollution.
 Where landscaped areas are used to
retain or detain stormwater, specify
plants that are tolerant of sa turated
soil conditions.
 Consider using pest-resistant plants,
especially adjacent to hardscape. To
insure successful establishment,
select plants appropriate to site soils,
slopes, climate, sun, wind, rain, land
use, air movement, ecological
consistency, and plant interactions.
 Maintain landscaping using minimum
or no pesticides.
See applicable operational BMPs in
“What you should know
for…..Landscape and Gardening” at:
http://www.rcwatershed.org/about/
materials-library/#1450469138395-bb76dd39-
d810
 Provide IPM information to new
owners, lessees and operators.

Appendix 8

S T O R M W A T E R P O L L U T A N T S O U R C E S / S O U R C E C O N T R O L C H E C K L I S T 2018 SMR WQMP TEMPLATE Appendix 8 – Page 3 of 10

IF THESE SOURCES WILL BE
ON THE PROJECT SITE … … THEN YOUR WQMP SHOULD INCLUDE THESE SOURCE CONTROL BM Ps, AS APPLICABLE 1 Potential Sources of
Runoff Pollutants
2 Permanent Controls—Show on
WQMP Drawings
3 Permanent Controls—List in WQMP
Table and Narrative
4 Operational BMPs—Include in WQMP
Table and Narrative
 E. Pools, spas, ponds,
decorative fountains,
and other water
features.
 Show location of water feature and
a sanitary sewer cleanout in an
accessible area within 10 feet.
(Exception: Public pools must be
plumbed according to County
Department of Environmental
Health Guidelines.)
If the Co-Permittee requires pools
to be plumbed to the sanitary
sewer, place a note on the plans
and state in the narrative that this
connection will be made according
to local requirements.

See applicable operational BMPs in
“Guidelines for Maintaining Your
Swimming
Pool, Jacuzzi and
Garden Fountain”
at: http://
www.rcwatershed.org/about/materials-
library/#1450469201433-f5f358c9-6008
 F. Food service  For restaurants, grocery stores, and other food service operations, show
location (indoors or in a covered
area outdoors) of a floor sink or
other area for cleaning floor mats,
containers, and equipment.
 On the drawing, show a note that
this drain will be connected to a
grease interceptor before
discharging to the sanitary sewer.
 Describe the location and features
of the designated cleaning area.
 Describe the items to be cleaned in
this facility and how it has been
sized to insure that the largest
items can be accommodated.
See the brochure, “The Food Service
Industry Best Management Practices
for: Restaurants, Grocery Stores,
Delicatessens and Bakeries” at http://
www.rcwatershed.org/about/materials-
library/#1450389926766-61e8af0b-53a9
Provide this brochure to new site
owners, lessees, and operators.
 G. Refuse areas  Show where site refuse and
recycled materials will be handled
and stored for pickup. See local
municipal requirements for sizes
and other details of refuse areas.
 If dumpsters or other receptacles
are outdoors, show how the
designated area will be covered,
graded, and paved to prevent run-
on and show locations of berms to
prevent runoff from the area.
 Any drains from dumpsters,
compactors, and tallow bin areas
shall be connected to a grease
removal device before discharge to
sanitary sewer.
 State how site refuse will be
handled and provide supporting
detail to what is shown on plans.
 State that sign s will be post ed on or
near dumpsters with the wo rds “Do
not dump hazardous materials
here” or similar.
 State how the following will be
implemented:

Provide adequate number of
receptacles. Inspect receptacles
regularly; repair or replace leaky
receptacles. Keep receptacles covered.

Prohibit/prevent dumping of liquid or
hazardous wastes. Post “no hazardous
materials” signs. Inspect and pick up
litter daily and clean up spills
immediately. Keep spill control
materials available on-site. See Fact
Sheet SC-34, “Waste Handling and
Disposal” in the CASQA Stormwater
Quality Handbooks at
www.cabmphandbooks.com

Appendix 8

S T O R M W A T E R P O L L U T A N T S O U R C E S / S O U R C E C O N T R O L C H E C K L I S T 2018 SMR WQMP TEMPLATE Appendix 8 – Page 4 of 10

No processes to drain to exterior or
to storm drain system.”
 See Fact Sheet SC-10, “Non-
Stormwater Discharges” in the
CASQA Stormwater Quality
Handbooks at
www.cabmphandbooks.com
See the brochure “Industrial &
Commercial Facilities Best Management
Practices for: Industrial, Commercial
Facilities” at: http://www.rcwatershed.org/
about/materials-library/
#1450389926766-61e8af0b-53a9
 I. Outdoor storage of
equipment or materials.
(See rows J and K for
source control
measures for vehicle
cleaning, rep air, and
maintenance.)
 Show any outdoor storage areas,
including how materials will be
covered. Show how areas will be
graded and bermed to prevent run-
on or run-off from area.
 Storage of non-hazardous liquids
shall be covered by a roof and/or
drain to the sanitary sewer system,
and be contained by berms, dikes,
liners, or vaults.
 Storage of hazardous materials and
wastes must be in compliance with
the local hazardous materials
ordinance and a Hazardous
Materials Management Plan for the
site.
 Include a detailed description of
materials to be stored, storage
areas, and structural features to
prevent pollutants from entering
storm drains.

Where appropriate, reference
documentation of compliance with
the requirements of Hazardous
Materials Programs for:
 Hazardous Waste Generation
 Hazardous Materials Release
Response and Inventory
 California Accidental Release
(CalARP)
 Aboveground Storage Tank
 Uniform Fire Code Article 80
Section 103(b) & (c) 1991
 Underground Storage Tank
www.cchealth.org/groups/hazmat
/
 See the Fact Sheets SC-31, “Outdoor
Liquid Container Storage” and SC-33,
“Outdoor Storage of Raw Materials ”
in the CASQA Stormwater Quality
Handbooks at
www.cabmphandbooks.com
Appendix 8

S T O R M W A T E R P O L L U T A N T S O U R C E S / S O U R C E C O N T R O L C H E C K L I S T 2018 SMR WQMP TEMPLATE Appendix 8 – Page 5 of 10

Describe operational measures to
implement the following (if
applicable):

Washwater from vehicle and
equipment washing operations sha ll
not be dis cha rged to the storm drain
system. Refer to “Outdoor Cleaning
Activities and Professional Mobile
Service Providers” for many of the
P
otential Sources of Runoff Pollutants
categories below. Brochure can be
found at: http://www.rcwatershed.org/
about/materials-library/
#1450389926766-61e8af0b-53a9
 Car dealerships and similar may
rinse cars with water only.

Appendix 8

S T O R M W A T E R P O L L U T A N T S O U R C E S / S O U R C E C O N T R O L C H E C K L I S T 2018 SMR WQMP TEMPLATE Appendix 8 – Page 6 of 10

In the Stormwater Control Plan, note
that all of the following restrictions
apply to use the site:
 No person shall dispose of, nor permit
the disposal, directly or indirectly of
vehicle fluids, hazardous materials, or
rinsewater from parts cleaning into
storm drains.
 No vehicle fluid removal shall be
performed outside a building, nor on
asphalt or ground surfaces, whether
inside or outside a building, except in
such a manner as to ensure that any
spilled fluid will be in an area of
secondary containment. Leaking
vehicle fluids shall be contained or
drained from the vehicle immediately.
 No person shall leave unattended drip
parts or other open containers
containing vehicle fluid, unless such
containers are in use or in an area of
secondary containment.

Refer to “Automotive Maint enance &
Car Care Bes t Management Practices
for Aut o Body Shops , Auto Repair
Shops, Car Dealers hips, Gas Stations
and Fleet Serv ice Operations ;
"Outdoor Cleaning Activities;" and
"Professional Mobile Service
Providers" for many of the Potential
Sources of Runoff Pollutants.

Brochures can be found at: http://
www.rcwatershed.org/about/materials-
library/
#1450389926766-61e8af0b-53a9
Appendix 8

S T O R M W A T E R P O L L U T A N T S O U R C E S / S O U R C E C O N T R O L C H E C K L I S T 2018 SMR WQMP TEMPLATE Appendix 8 – Page 7 of 10

1.] The canopy [or
cover] shall not drain onto the
fueling area.
 The property owner shall dry sweep
the fueling area routinely.
 See the Fact Sheet SD-30 , “Fueling
Areas” in the CASQA Stormwater
Quality Handbooks at
www.cabmphandbooks.com
6 The fueling area shall be defined as the area extending a minimum of 6.5 feet from the corner of each fuel dispenser or the length at which the hose and nozzle assembly may be operated plus a minimum of one foot, whichever is greater.

Appendix 8

S T O R M W A T E R P O L L U T A N T S O U R C E S / S O U R C E C O N T R O L C H E C K L I S T 2018 SMR WQMP TEMPLATE Appendix 8 – Page 8 of 10

Appendix 8

S T O R M W A T E R P O L L U T A N T S O U R C E S / S O U R C E C O N T R O L C H E C K L I S T 2018 SMR WQMP TEMPLATE Appendix 8 – Page 9 of 10

Appendix 8

S T O R M W A T E R P O L L U T A N T S O U R C E S / S O U R C E C O N T R O L C H E C K L I S T 2018 SMR WQMP TEMPLATE Appendix 8 – Page 10 of 10

Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP)
U-Haul of Murrieta

- 62 -

Appendix 9: O&M
Operation and Maintenance Plan and Documentation of Finance, Maintenance and Recording Mechanisms

Include the completed Operation and Maintenance Plan in this Appendix along with additional documentation of Finance and Maintenance Recording Mechanisms for the site. Refer to Sections 3.10 and 5 of the SMR WQMP and Section J of this Template.

Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Plan

Water Quality Management Plan
for
U Haul of Murrieta
41450 Los Alamos Road
APN 949-220-013/014

Exhibit A, Operations and Maintenance Plan

BMP
Applicable?
Yes/No
BMP Name
and BMP Implementation, Maintenance, and Inspection Procedures Implementation, Maintenance,
and Inspection Frequency
and Schedule
Person or Entity with
Operation & Maintenance
Responsibility
Non-Structural Source Control BMPs
Y N N1. Education for Property Owners, Tenants and Occupants Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.1 of the Project WQMP.

Annually/As Needed Property owner shall become
familiar with the WQMP design
for the property, understand
good housekeeping practices,
and understand that they are
responsible for maintaining all
WQMP features on the property.

Y N N2. Activity Restriction
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.1 of the Project WQMP.

Y N N3. Common Area Landscape Management
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.1 of the Project WQMP.

Y N N4. BMP Maintenance
Homeowner is responsible for the maintenance of the BMPs. Homeowner must ensure that the BMPs are working as designed and are functioning properly.

Before & after wet season/after
significant storm events
Property owner/Tenants
Y N N5. Title 22 CCR Compliance
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.1 of the Project WQMP.

Y N N7. Spill Contingency Plan
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.1 of the Project WQMP.

Y N N8. Underground Storage Tank Compliance
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.1 of the Project WQMP.

Y N N9. Hazardous Materials Disclosure Compliance
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.1 of the Project WQMP.

Y N N10. Uniform Fire Code Implementation
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.1 of the Project WQMP.

Y N N11. Common Area Litter Control
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.1 of the Project WQMP.

Exhibit A, Operations and Maintenance Plan

Page 2 of 8 ends

BMP
Applicable?
Yes/No
BMP Name
and BMP Implementation, Maintenance, and Inspection Procedures Implementation, Maintenance,
and Inspection Frequency
and Schedule
Person or Entity with
Operation & Maintenance
Responsibility
Y N N12. Employee Training
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.1 of the Project WQMP.

Annually Owner shall prepare and implement
a BMP maintenance and cleaning
program. All new
employees to be educated on their
role in keeping BMPs in proper
working order and
cleaning up litter/trash.

Y N N13. Housekeeping of Loading Docks
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.1 of the Project WQMP.

Every day Industrial facility docks should
be kept in a clean and orderly
condition through
a regular program of sweeping
and litter control and immediate
cleanup of
spills and broken containers.

Cleanup procedures should
minimize or eliminate
the use of water. If wash water
is used, it must be disposed of in
an approved
manner and not discharged to
the storm drain system. If there
are no other
alternatives, discharge of non-
stormwater flow to the sanitary
sewer may be
considered only if allowed by
the local sewerage agency
through a permitted
connection.

Y N N14. Common Area Catch Basin Inspection
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.1 of the Project WQMP.

Exhibit A, Operations and Maintenance Plan

Page 3 of 8 ends

BMP
Applicable?
Yes/No
BMP Name
and BMP Implementation, Maintenance, and Inspection Procedures Implementation, Maintenance,
and Inspection Frequency
and Schedule
Person or Entity with
Operation & Maintenance
Responsibility
Y N N15. Street Sweeping Private Streets and Parking Lots Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.1 of the Project WQMP.

Y N N17. Retail Gasoline Outlets
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.1 of the Project WQMP.

Structural Source Control BMPs
Y N Provide Storm Drain System Stenciling and Signage Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.2 of the Project WQMP.

Y N Design and Construct Outdoor Material Storage Areas to Reduce Pollutant Introduction
I Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.2 of the Project WQMP.

Y N Design and Construct Trash and Waste Storage Areas to Reduce Pollutant Introduction
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.2 of the Project WQMP.

Y N Use Efficient Irrigation Systems & Landscape Design Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.2 of the Project WQMP.

Maintain irrigation system as
needed to ensure proper use.

Property owner/Tenants
Y N Protect Slopes and Channels and Provide Energy Dissipation Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.2 of the Project WQMP.

Y N Loading Docks
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.2 of the Project WQMP.

Ensure dock areas are clean
from oil/grease and any
trash/refuse.

Property owner/Tenants
Y N Maintenance Bays
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.2 of the Project WQMP.

Y N Vehicle Wash Areas
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.2 of the Project WQMP.

Y N Outdoor Processing Areas
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.2 of the Project WQMP.

Exhibit A, Operations and Maintenance Plan

Page 4 of 8 ends

BMP
Applicable?
Yes/No
BMP Name
and BMP Implementation, Maintenance, and Inspection Procedures Implementation, Maintenance,
and Inspection Frequency
and Schedule
Person or Entity with
Operation & Maintenance
Responsibility
Y N Equipment Wash Areas
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.2 of the Project WQMP.

Y N Fueling Areas
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.2 of the Project WQMP.

Y N Hillside Landscaping
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.2 of the Project WQMP.

Y N Wash Water Controls for Food Preparation Areas
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.2 of the Project WQMP.

Y N Community Car Wash Racks
Insert BMP narrative from Section IV.2.2 of the Project WQMP.

Treatment Control BMPs
Y N Treatment Control BMP # 1
Insert Text and/or include attachments

Y N Treatment Control BMP #2
Insert Text and/or include attachments

Exhibit A, Operations and Maintenance Plan

Page 5 of 8 ends

Required Permits
CUP, Grading Permit, Building Permit.

Forms to Record BMP Implementation, Maintenance, and Inspection The form that will be used to record implementation, maintenance, and inspection of BMPs is attached.

Recordkeeping
All records must be maintained for at least five (5) years and must be made available for review upon request.

Exhibit A, Operations and Maintenance Plan Attachments

RECORD OF BMP IMPLEMENTATION, MAINTENANCE, AND INSPECTION

Today’s Date:

Name of Person Performing Activity
(Printed):

Signature:

BMP Name
(As Shown in O&M Plan)
Brief Description of Implementation, Maintenance, and
Inspection Activity Performed

Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP)
U-Haul of Murrieta

-43-

Appendix 10: Educational
Materials
BMP Fact Sheets, Maintenance Guidelines and Other End-User BMP Information Examples of material to provide in Appendix 10 may include but are not limited to the following:
• BMP Fact Sheets for proposed BMPs form Exhibit C: LID BMP Design Handbook of the

SMR WQMP,
• Source control information and training material for site owners and operators, • O&M training material,
• Other educational/training material related to site drainage and BMPs.

What is stormwater runoff?
Why is stormwater runoff
a problem?
The effects of pollution
Stormwater runoff occurs when precipitation
from rain or snowmelt flows over the ground.

Impervious surfaces like driveways, sidewalks,
and streets prevent stormwater from
naturally soaking into the ground.

Stormwater can pick up debris, chemicals, dirt, and other pollutants and flow into a storm sewer system or directly to a lake, stream, river, wetland, or coastal water. Anything that enters a storm sewer system is discharged untreated into the waterbodies we use for swimming, fishing, and providing drinking water.

Polluted stormwater runoff can have
many adverse effects on plants, fish,
animals, and people.

Sediment can cloud the water
and make it difficult or
impossible for aquatic plants to
grow . Sediment also can
.
/c183
destroy aquatic habitats
Excess nutrients can cause
algae blooms. When algae die,
they sink to the bottom and decompose
in a process that removes oxygen from
the water. Fish and other aquatic
organisms can’t exist in water with low
dissolved oxygen levels.

Bacteria and other pathogens can wash
into swimming areas and create health
hazards, often making beach closures
necessary .

Debris—plastic bags, six-pack rings, bottles, and
cigarette butts—washed into waterbodies can choke, suffocate, or disable aquatic life like ducks, fish, turtles, and birds.

Household hazardous wastes like insecticides, pesticides, paint, solvents, used motor oil, and other auto fluids can poison aquatic life.

Land animals and people can become sick or die from eating diseased fish and shellfish or ingesting polluted water.

Polluted stormwater often
affects drinking water
sources. This, in turn, can
affect human health and
increase drinking water
treatment costs.
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After the Storm
EPA 833-B-03-002
January 2003
For more information contact:
or visit
www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater
www.epa.gov/nps
A Citizen’s Guide to
Understanding Stormwater

WHEN IT RAINS

IT DRAINS

WHEN IT RAINS

IT DRAINS
Internet Address (URL) HTTP://www.epa.gov
Recycled/Recyclable Printed With Vegetable
Oil Based Inks on 100% Postconsumer,
Process Chlorine Free Recycled Paper
●
●
Auto care
Washing your car and
degreasing auto parts at home
can send detergents and other
contaminants through the
storm sewer system. Dumping
automotive fluids into storm
drains has the same result as
dumping the materials directly
into a waterbody .

Pet waste
Pet waste can be
a major source of
bacteria and
excess nutrients
in local waters.
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When walking
your pet,
remember to pick up the
waste and dispose of it
properly . Flushing pet
waste is the best disposal
method. Leaving pet waste
on the ground increases
public health risks by
allowing harmful bacteria
and nutrients to wash into
the storm drain and
eventually into local
waterbodies.

Septic
systems
Leaking and
poorly
maintained
septic
systems release nutrients and
pathogens (bacteria and
viruses) that can be picked up
by stormwater and discharged
into nearby waterbodies.

Pathogens can cause public
health problems and
environmental concerns.

Lawn care
Excess fertilizers
and pesticides
applied to lawns
and gardens wash
off and pollute
streams. In
addition, yard
clippings and
leaves can wash
into storm drains and contribute
nutrients and organic matter to streams.

Education is essential to changing people's behavior.

Signs and markers near storm drains warn residents
that pollutants entering the drains will be carried
untreated into a local waterbody.

Recycle or properly dispose of household products that
contain chemicals, such as insecticides, pesticides, paint, solvents, and used motor oil and other auto fluids.

Don’t pour them onto the ground or into storm drains.
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Use a commercial car wash that treats or
recycles its wastewater, or wash your car on
your yard so the water infiltrates into the
ground.

Repair leaks and dispose of used auto fluids
and batteries at designated drop-off or
recycling locations.
/c183
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Don’t overwater your lawn. Consider
using a soaker hose instead of a
sprinkler.

Use pesticides and fertilizers
sparingly . When use is necessary , use
these chemicals in the recommended
amounts. Use organic mulch or safer
pest control methods whenever
possible.

Compost or mulch yard waste. Don’t
leave it in the street or sweep it into
storm drains or streams.

Cover piles of dirt or mulch being
used in landscaping projects.
/c183
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Inspect your system every
3 years and pump your
tank as necessary (every 3
to 5 years).

Don't dispose of
household hazardous
waste in sinks or toilets.

Dirt, oil, and debris that collect in
parking lots and paved areas can be
washed into the storm sewer system
and eventually enter local
waterbodies.
/c183
/c183
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Sweep up litter and debris from
sidewalks, driveways and parking lots,
especially around storm drains.

Cover grease storage and dumpsters
and keep them clean to avoid leaks.

Report any chemical spill to the local
hazardous waste cleanup team.

They’ll know the best way to keep
spills from harming the environment.

Erosion controls that aren’t maintained can cause
excessive amounts of sediment and debris to be
carried into the stormwater system. Construction
vehicles can leak fuel, oil, and other harmful fluids
that can be picked up by stormwater and
deposited into local waterbodies.
/c183
/c183
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Divert stormwater away from disturbed or
exposed areas of the construction site.

Install silt fences, vehicle mud removal areas,
vegetative cover, and other sediment and
erosion controls and properly maintain them,
especially after rainstorms.

Prevent soil erosion by minimizing disturbed
areas during construction projects, and seed
and mulch bare areas as soon as possible.

Uncovered fueling stations allow spills to be
washed into storm drains. Cars waiting to be
repaired can leak fuel, oil, and other harmful
fluids that can be picked up by stormwater.
/c183
/c183
/c183
/c183
Clean up spills immediately and properly
dispose of cleanup materials.

Provide cover over fueling stations and
design or retrofit facilities for spill
containment.

Properly maintain fleet vehicles to prevent
oil, gas, and other discharges from being
washed into local waterbodies.

Install and maintain oil/water separators.

Lack of vegetation on streambanks can lead to erosion. Overgrazed pastures can also contribute excessive amounts of sediment to local waterbodies. Excess fertilizers and pesticides can poison aquatic animals and lead to destructive algae blooms. Livestock in streams can contaminate waterways with bacteria, making them unsafe for human contact. /c183
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Keep livestock away from streambanks and provide
them a water source away from waterbodies.

Store and apply manure away from waterbodies and in
accordance with a nutrient management plan.

Vegetate riparian areas along waterways.

Rotate animal grazing to prevent soil erosion in fields.

Apply fertilizers and pesticides according to label
instructions to save money and minimize pollution.

Permeable Pavement
Rain Barrels
Rain Gardens and
Grassy Swales
Vegetated Filter Strips
—Traditional concrete and
asphalt don’t allow water to soak into the ground.

Instead these surfaces rely on storm drains to
divert unwanted water. Permeable pavement
systems allow rain and snowmelt to soak through,
decreasing stormwater runoff.
—You can
collect rainwater from
rooftops in mosquito-
proof containers. The
water can be used later on
lawn or garden areas.
—Specially
designed areas planted
with native plants can provide natural places for
rainwater to collect
and soak into the
ground. Rain from
rooftop areas or paved
areas can be diverted
into these areas rather
than into storm drains.
—Filter strips are areas of
native grass or plants created along roadways or
streams. They trap the pollutants stormwater
picks up as it flows across driveways and streets.

Residential landscaping
Improperly managed logging operations can result in erosion and sedimentation.
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Conduct preharvest planning to prevent erosion and lower costs.

Use logging methods and equipment that minimize soil disturbance.

Plan and design skid trails, yard areas, and truck access roads to minimize stream crossings and avoid disturbing the forest floor.

Construct stream crossings so that they minimize erosion and physical changes to streams.

Expedite revegetation of cleared areas.

Commercial
Stormwater Pollution Solutions
Construction
Agriculture
Automotive
Facilities
Forestry

IRRIGATION RUNOFF

STORMWATER FACT SHEET

OVERWATERING
Overwatering causes irrigation runoff that may contain pollutants such as pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, pet waste, yard waste, and sediments which can be hazardous to residents and harmful to our environment. Runoff can also serve as a transport mechanism for other pollutants already on the ground or in the curb gutter. Irrigation runoff entering the storm drain system is an illicit discharge.

BEST PRACTICES

PROTECT OUR WATERSHED
Urban runoff begins when yards and landscaped areas are over-irrigated. Irrigation systems require regular maintenance and visual inspection of the system should be performed to prevent over-spray, leaks, and other problems that result in runoff to storm drains, curbs and gutters.

You can prevent pollution by conserving water on your
property. Water during cooler times of the day (before 10am and after 6pm).
- Adjust sprinklers to stop overspray and runoff.
- Make needed repairs immediately.
- Use drip irrigation, soaker hoses, or micro-spray systems. - Use an irrigation timer to pre-set watering times.
- Use a control nozzle or similar mechanism when watering by hand.
- Switch to a water-wise landscape - native plants need less fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides and water.

Many people think that when water flows into a storm drain it is treated, but the storm drain system and the sanitary sewer system are not connected. Everything that enters storm drains flows untreated directly into our creeks, rivers, lakes, beaches and ultimately the ocean. Storm water often contains
pollutants, including chemicals, trash, and automobile fluids, all of which pollute our watershed and harm fish and wildlife.

Whether at home or work, you can help reduce pollution and improve water quality by using the above Best Management Practices (BMP’s) as part of your daily clean up and
maintenance routine.

Report Irrigation Runoff or Stormwater Pollution:
800.506.2555

Non-Stormwater Discharges S C-10
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 11 Mun icipal
www.cabmphandbooks.com
Description
Non-stormwater discharges are those flows that do not consist entirely of stormwater. For municipalities non-stormwater discharges present themselves in two situations. One is from fixed facilities owned and/or operated by the municipality. The other situation is non-stormwater discharges that are discovered during the normal operation of a field program. Some non- stormwater discharges do not include pollutants and may be discharged to the storm drain. These include uncontaminated groundwater and natural springs. There are also some non- stormwater discharges that typically do not contain pollutants and may be discharged to the storm drain with conditions. These include car washing, and surface cleaning. However, there are certain non-stormwater discharges that pose environmental concern. These discharges may originate from illegal dumping or from internal floor drains, appliances, industrial processes, sinks, and toilets that are connected to the nearby storm drainage system. These discharges (which may include: process waste waters, cooling waters, wash waters, and sanitary wastewater) can carry substances (such as paint, oil, fuel and other automotive fluids, chemicals and other pollutants) into storm drains. The ultimate goal is to effectively eliminate non- stormwater discharges to the stormwater drainage system through implementation of measures to detect, correct, and enforce against illicit connections and illegal discharges.

Approach
The municipality must address non-stormwater discharges from its fixed facilities by assessing the types of non-stormwater discharges and implementing BMPs for the discharges
determined to pose environmental concern. For field programs Objectives
Contain
Educate
Reduce/Minimize
Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients
Trash
Metals
Bacteria
Oil and Grease
Organics
Oxygen Demanding

Graphic by: Margie Winter
SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges
2 of 11 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Januar y 2003 Mun icipal
www.cabmphandbooks.com
the field staff must be trained to now what to look for regarding non-stormwater discharges and the procedures to follow in investigating the detected discharges.

Suggested Protocols
Fixed Facility
General
Post “No Dumping” signs with a phone number for reporting dumping and disposal. Signs should also indicate fines and penalties for illegal dumping.

Stencil storm drains, where applicable, to prevent illegal disposal of pollutants. Storm drain inlets should have messages such as “Dump No Waste Drains to Stream” stenciled next to them to warn against ignorant or intentional dumping of pollutants into the storm drainage system.

Landscaping and beautification efforts of hot spots might also discourage future dumping, as well as provide open space and increase property values.

Lighting or barriers may also be needed to discourage future dumping.

Illicit Connections
Locate discharges from the fixed facility drainage system to the municipal storm drain system through review of “as-built” piping schematics.

Use techniques such as smoke testing, dye testing and television camera inspection (as noted below) to verify physical connections.

Isolate problem areas and plug illicit discharge points.

Visual Inspection and Inventory
Inventory and inspect each discharge point during dry weather.

Keep in mind that drainage from a storm event can continue for several days following the end of a storm and groundwater may infiltrate the underground stormwater collection system. Also, non-stormwater discharges are often intermittent and may require periodic inspections.

Review Infield Piping
Review the “as-built” piping schematic as a way to determine if there are any connections to the stormwater collection system.

Inspect the path of floor drains in older buildings.

Smoke Testing
Smoke testing of wastewater and stormwater collection systems is used to detect connections between the two systems.

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During dry weather the stormwater collection system is filled with smoke and then traced to sources. The appearance of smoke at the base of a toilet indicates that there may be a connection between the sanitary and the stormwater system.

Dye Testing
A dye test can be performed by simply releasing a dye into either your sanitary or process wastewater system and examining the discharge points from the stormwater collection system for discoloration.

TV Inspection of Storm Sewer
TV Cameras can be employed to visually identify illicit connections to the fixed facility storm drain system.

Illegal Dumping
Regularly inspect and clean up hot spots and other storm drainage areas where illegal dumping and disposal occurs.

Clean up spills on paved surfaces with as little water as possible. Use a rag for small spills, a damp mop for general cleanup, and absorbent material for larger spills. If the spilled material is hazardous, then the used cleanup materials are also hazardous and must be sent to a certified laundry (rags) or disposed of as hazardous waste.

Never hose down or bury dry material spills. Sweep up the material and dispose of properly.

Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down the spill. Remove the adsorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly.

For larger spills, a private spill cleanup company or Hazmat team may be necessary.

See fact sheet SC-11 Spill Prevention, Control, and Clean Up.

Field Program
General
Develop clear protocols and lines of communication for effectively prohibiting non- stormwater discharges, especially ones that involve more than one jurisdiction and those that are not classified as hazardous, which are often not responded to as effectively as they need to be.

See SC-74 Stormwater Drainage System Maintenance for additional information.

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Field Inspection
Regularly inspect and clean up hot spots and other storm drainage areas where illegal dumping and disposal occurs.

During routine field program maintenance field staff should look for evidence of illegal discharges or illicit connection:

Is there evidence of spills such as paints, discoloring, etc.

Are there any odors associated with the drainage system Record locations of apparent illegal discharges/illicit connections and notify appropriate investigating agency.

If trained, conduct field investigation of non-stormwater discharges to determine whether they pose a threat to water quality.

Recommended Complaint Investigation Equipment
Field Screening Analysis
pH paper or meter
Commercial stormwater pollutant screening kit that can detect for reactive phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, specific conductance, and turbidity Sample jars
Sample collection pole
A tool to remove access hole covers
Laboratory Analysis
Sample cooler
Ice
Sample jars and labels
Chain of custody forms.

Documentation
Camera
Notebook
Pens
Notice of Violation forms
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Educational materials
Reporting
A database is useful for defining and tracking the magnitude and location of the problem.

Report prohibited non-stormwater discharges observed during the course of normal daily activities so they can be investigated, contained and cleaned up or eliminated.

Document that non-stormwater discharges have been eliminated by recording tests performed, methods used, dates of testing, and any onsite drainage points observed.

Maintain documentation of illicit connection and illegal dumping incidents, including significant conditionally exempt discharges that are not properly managed.

Enforcement
Educate the responsible party if identified on the impacts of their actions, explain the stormwater requirements, and provide information regarding Best Management Practices (BMP), as appropriate. Initiate follow-up and/or enforcement procedures.

If an illegal discharge is traced to a commercial, residential or industrial source, conduct the following activities or coordinate the following activities with the appropriate agency:

Contact the responsible party to discuss methods of eliminating the non-stormwater discharge, including disposal options, recycling, and possible discharge to the sanitary sewer (if within POTW limits).

Provide information regarding BMPs to the responsible party, where appropriate.

Begin enforcement procedures, if appropriate.

Continue inspection and follow-up activities until the illicit discharge activity has ceased.

If an illegal discharge is traced to a commercial or industrial activity, coordinate information on the discharge with the jurisdiction's commercial and industrial facility inspection program.

Training
Train technical staff to identify and document illegal dumping incidents.

Well-trained employees can reduce human errors that lead to accidental releases or spills.

The employee should have the tools and knowledge to immediately begin cleaning up a spill if one should occur. Employees should be familiar with the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan.

Train employees to identify non-stormwater discharges and report them to the appropriate departments.

Train staff who have the authority to conduct surveillance and inspections, and write citations for those caught illegally dumping.

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Train municipal staff responsible for surveillance and inspection in the following:

OSHA-required Health and Safety Training (29 CFR 1910.120) plus annual refresher training (as needed).

OSHA Confined Space Entry training (Cal-OSHA Confined Space, Title 8 and federal OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146).

Procedural training (field screening, sampling, smoke/dye testing, TV inspection).

Educate the identified responsible party on the impacts of his or her actions.

Spill Response and Prevention
See SC-11 Spill Prevention Control and Clean Up
Other Considerations
The elimination of illegal dumping is dependent on the availability, convenience, and cost of alternative means of disposal. The cost of fees for dumping at a proper waste disposal facility are often more than the fine for an illegal dumping offense, thereby discouraging people from complying with the law. The absence of routine or affordable pickup service for trash and recyclables in some communities also encourages illegal dumping. A lack of understanding regarding applicable laws or the inadequacy of existing laws may also contribute to the problem.

Municipal codes should include sections prohibiting the discharge of soil, debris, refuse, hazardous wastes, and other pollutants into the storm drain system.

Many facilities do not have accurate, up-to-date schematic drawings.

Can be difficult to locate illicit connections especially if there is groundwater infiltration.

Requirements
Costs
Eliminating illicit connections can be expensive especially if structural modifications are required such re-plumbing cross connections under an existing slab.

Minor cost to train field crews regarding the identification of non-stormwater discharges.

The primary cost is for a fully integrated program to identify and eliminate illicit connections and illegal dumping. However, by combining with other municipal programs (i.e. pretreatment program) cost may be lowered.

Municipal cost for containment and disposal may be borne by the discharger.

Maintenance
Not applicable
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Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
What constitutes a “non-stormwater” discharge?
Non-stormwater discharges are discharges not made up entirely of stormwater and include water used directly in the manufacturing process (process wastewater), air conditioning condensate and coolant, non-contact cooling water, cooling equipment condensate, outdoor secondary containment water, vehicle and equipment wash water, landscape irrigation, sink and drinking fountain wastewater, sanitary wastes, or other wastewaters.

Permit Requirements
Current municipal NPDES permits require municipalities to effectively prohibit non- stormwater discharges unless authorized by a separate NPDES permit or allowed in accordance with the current NPDES permit conditions. Typically the current permits allow certain non-stormwater discharges in the storm drain system as long as the discharges are not significant sources of pollutants. In this context the following non-stormwater discharges are typically allowed:

Diverted stream flows;
Rising found waters;
Uncontaminated ground water infiltration (as defined at 40 CFR 35.2005(20)); Uncontaminated pumped ground water;
Foundation drains;
Springs;
Water from crawl space pumps;
Footing drains;
Air conditioning condensation;
Flows from riparian habitats and wetlands;
Water line and hydrant flushing ;
Landscape irrigation;
Planned and unplanned discharges from potable water sources; Irrigation water;
Individual residential car washing; and
Lawn watering.

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Municipal facilities subject to industrial general permit requirements must include a certification that the stormwater collection system has been tested or evaluated for the presence of non-stormwater discharges. The state’s General Industrial Stormwater Permit requires that non-stormwater discharges be eliminated prior to implementation of the facility’s SWPPP.

Illegal Dumping
Establish a system for tracking incidents. The system should be designed to identify the following:

Illegal dumping hot spots
Types and quantities (in some cases) of wastes
Patterns in time of occurrence (time of day/night, month, or year) Mode of dumping (abandoned containers, “midnight dumping” from moving vehicles, direct dumping of materials, accidents/spills)
Responsible parties
Outreach
One of the keys to success of reducing or eliminating illegal dumping is increasing the number of people on the street who are aware of the problem and who have the tools to at least identify the incident, if not correct it. There we a number of ways of accomplishing this:

Train municipal staff from all departments (public works, utilities, street cleaning, parks and recreation, industrial waste inspection, hazardous waste inspection, sewer maintenance) to recognize and report the incidents.

Deputize municipal staff who may come into contact with illegal dumping with the authority to write illegal dumping tickets for offenders caught in the act (see below).

Educate the public. As many as 3 out of 4 people do not understand that in most communities the storm drain does not go to the wastewater treatment plant. Unfortunately, with the heavy emphasis in recent years on public education about solid waste management, including recycling and household hazardous waste, the sewer system (both storm and sanitary) has been the likely recipient of cross-media transfers of waste.

Provide the public with a mechanism for reporting incidents such as a hot line and/or door hanger (see below).

Help areas where incidents occur more frequently set up environmental watch programs (like crime watch programs).

Train volunteers to notice and report the presence and suspected source of an observed pollutant to the appropriate public agency.

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What constitutes a “non-stormwater” discharge?
Non-stormwater discharges are discharges not made up entirely of stormwater and include water used directly in the manufacturing process (process wastewater), air conditioning condensate and coolant, non-contact cooling water, cooling equipment condensate, outdoor secondary containment water, vehicle and equipment wash water, landscape irrigation, sink and drinking fountain wastewater, sanitary wastes, or other wastewaters.

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of non-stormwater discharges. The state’s General Industrial Stormwater Permit requires that non-stormwater discharges be eliminated prior to implementation of the facility’s SWPPP.

Storm Drain Stenciling
Stencil storm drain inlets with a message to prohibit illegal dumpings, especially in areas with waste handling facilities.

Encourage public reporting of improper waste disposal by a HOTLINE number stenciled onto the storm drain inlet.

See Supplemental Information section of this fact sheet for further detail on stenciling program approach.

Oil Recycling
Contract collection and hauling of used oil to a private licensed used oil hauler/recycler.

Comply with all applicable state and federal regulations regarding storage, handling, and transport of petroleum products.

Create procedures for collection such as; collection locations and schedule, acceptable containers, and maximum amounts accepted.

The California Integrated Waste Management Board has a Recycling Hotline, (800) 553- 2962, that provides information and recycling locations for used oil.

Household Hazardous Waste
Provide household hazardous waste (HHW) collection facilities. Several types of collection approaches are available including permanent, periodic, or mobile centers, curbside collection, or a combination of these systems.

Training
Train municipal employees and contractors in proper and consistent methods for waste disposal.

Train municipal employees to recognize and report illegal dumping.

Train employees and subcontractors in proper hazardous waste management.

Spill Response and Prevention
Refer to SC-11, Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup
Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location.

Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible.

Properly dispose of spill cleanup material.

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Other Considerations
Federal Regulations (RCRA, SARA, CERCLA) and state regulations exist regarding the disposal of hazardous waste.

Municipalities are required to have a used oil recycling element and a HHW element within their integrated waste management plan.

Significant liability issues are involved with the collection, handling, and disposal of HHW.

Examples
The City of Palo Alto has developed a public participation program for reporting dumping violations. When a concerned citizen or public employee encounters evidence of illegal dumping, a door hanger (similar in format to hotel “Do Not Disturb” signs) is placed on the front doors in the neighborhood. The door hanger notes that a violation has occurred in the neighborhood, informs the reader why illegal dumping is a problem, and notes that illegal dumping carries a significant financial penalty. Information is also provided on what citizens can do as well as contact numbers for more information or to report a violation.

The Port of Long Beach has a state of the art database incorporating storm drain infrastructure, potential pollutant sources, facility management practices, and a pollutant tracking system.

The State Department of Fish and Game has a hotline for reporting violations called CalTIP (1- 800-952-5400). The phone number may be used to report any violation of a Fish and Game code (illegal dumping, poaching, etc.).

The California Department of Toxic Substances Control’s Waste Alert Hotline, 1-800-69TOXIC, can be used to report hazardous waste violations.

References and Resources
http://www.stormwatercenter.net/
California’s Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf King County Stormwater Pollution Control Manual - http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm Orange County Stormwater Program,
http://www.ocwatersheds.com/stormwater/swp_introduction.asp San Diego Stormwater Co-permittees Jurisdictional Urban Runoff Management Program (http://www.projectcleanwater.org)
Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp-w2k.com/pdf%20documents/PS_ICID.PDF Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup SC-11
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Description
Spills and leaks, if not properly controlled, can adversely impact the storm drain system and receiving waters. Due to the type of work or the materials involved, many activities that occur either at a municipal facility or as a part of municipal field programs have the potential for accidental spills and leaks. Proper spill response planning and preparation can enable municipal
employees to effectively respond to problems when they occur and minimize the discharge of pollutants to the environment.

Approach
An effective spill response and control plan should include:

Spill/leak prevention measures;
Spill response procedures;
Spill cleanup procedures;
Reporting; and
Training
A well thought out and implemented plan can prevent
pollutants from entering the storm drainage system and can be used as a tool for training personnel to prevent and control future spills as well.

Pollution Prevention
Develop and implement a Spill Prevention Control and
Response Plan. The plan should include:

Objectives
Cover
Contain
Educate
Reduce/Minimize
Product Substitution

Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients
Trash
Metals
Bacteria
Oil and Grease
Organics
Oxygen Demanding

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A description of the facility, the address, activities and materials involved Identification of key spill response personnel
Identification of the potential spill areas or operations prone to spills/leaks Identification of which areas should be or are bermed to contain spills/leaks Facility map identifying the key locations of areas, activities, materials, structural BMPs, etc.

Material handling procedures
Spill response procedures including:

Assessment of the site and potential impacts
Containment of the material
Notification of the proper personnel and evacuation procedures Clean up of the site
Disposal of the waste material and
Proper record keeping
Product substitution – use less toxic materials (i.e. use water based paints instead of oil based paints)
Recycle, reclaim, or reuse materials whenever possible. This will reduce the amount of materials that are brought into the facility or into the field.

Suggested Protocols
Spill/Leak Prevention Measures
If possible, move material handling indoors, under cover, or away from storm drains or sensitive water bodies.

Properly label all containers so that the contents are easily identifiable.

Berm storage areas so that if a spill or leak occurs, the material is contained.

Cover outside storage areas either with a permanent structure or with a seasonal one such as a tarp so that rain can not come into contact with the materials.

Check containers (and any containment sumps) often for leaks and spills. Replace containers that are leaking, corroded, or otherwise deteriorating with containers in good condition. Collect all spilled liquids and properly dispose of them.

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Store, contain and transfer liquid materials in such a manner that if the container is ruptured or the contents spilled, they will not discharge, flow or be washed into the storm drainage system, surface waters, or groundwater.

Place drip pans or absorbent materials beneath all mounted taps and at all potential drip and spill locations during the filling and unloading of containers. Any collected liquids or soiled absorbent materials should be reused/recycled or properly disposed of.

For field programs, only transport the minimum amount of material needed for the daily activities and transfer materials between containers at a municipal yard where leaks and spill are easier to control.

If paved, sweep and clean storage areas monthly, do not use water to hose down the area unless all of the water will be collected and disposed of properly.

Install a spill control device (such as a tee section) in any catch basins that collect runoff from any storage areas if the materials stored are oil, gas, or other materials that separate from and float on water. This will allow for easier cleanup if a spill occurs.

If necessary, protect catch basins while conducting field activities so that if a spill occurs, the material will be contained.

Training
Educate employees about spill prevention, spill response and cleanup on a routine basis.

Well-trained employees can reduce human errors that lead to accidental releases or spills:

The employees should have the tools and knowledge to immediately begin cleaning up a spill if one should occur.

Employees should be familiar with the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan if one is available.

Training of staff from all municipal departments should focus on recognizing and reporting potential or current spills/leaks and who they should contact.

Employees responsible for aboveground storage tanks and liquid transfers for large bulk containers should be thoroughly familiar with the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan and the plan should be readily available.

Spill Response and Prevention
Identify key spill response personnel and train employees on who they are.

Store and maintain appropriate spill cleanup materials in a clearly marked location near storage areas; and train employees to ensure familiarity with the site’s spill control plan and/or proper spill cleanup procedures.

Locate spill cleanup materials, such as absorbents, where they will be readily accessible (e.g. near storage and maintenance areas, on field trucks).

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Follow the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan if one is available.

If a spill occurs, notify the key spill response personnel immediately. If the material is unknown or hazardous, the local fire department may also need to be contacted.

If safe to do so, attempt to contain the material and block the nearby storm drains so that the area impacted is minimized. If the material is unknown or hazardous wait for properly trained personnel to contain the materials.

Perform an assessment of the area where the spill occurred and the downstream area that it could impact. Relay this information to the key spill response and clean up personnel.

Spill Cleanup Procedures
Small non-hazardous spills
Use a rag, damp cloth or absorbent materials for general clean up of liquids Use brooms or shovels for the general clean up of dry materials If water is used, it must be collected and properly disposed of. The wash water can not be allowed to enter the storm drain.

Dispose of any waste materials properly
Clean or dispose of any equipment used to clean up the spill properly Large non-hazardous spills
Use absorbent materials for general clean up of liquids Use brooms, shovels or street sweepers for the general clean up of dry materials If water is used, it must be collected and properly disposed of. The wash water can not be allowed to enter the storm drain.

Dispose of any waste materials properly
Clean or dispose of any equipment used to clean up the spill properly For hazardous or very large spills, a private cleanup company or Hazmat team may need to be contacted to assess the situation and conduct the cleanup and disposal of the materials.

Chemical cleanups of material can be achieved with the use of absorbents, gels, and foams.

Remove the adsorbent materials promptly and dispose of according to regulations.

If the spilled material is hazardous, then the used cleanup materials are also hazardous and must be sent to a certified laundry (rags) or disposed of as hazardous waste.

Reporting
Report any spills immediately to the identified key municipal spill response personnel.

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Report spills in accordance with applicable reporting laws. Spills that pose an immediate threat to human health or the environment must be reported immediately to the Office of Emergency Service (OES)
Spills that pose an immediate threat to human health or the environment may also need to be reported within 24 hours to the Regional Water Quality Control Board.

Federal regulations require that any oil spill into a water body or onto an adjoining shoreline be reported to the National Response Center (NRC) at 800-424-8802 (24 hour) After the spill has been contained and cleaned up, a detailed report about the incident should be generated and kept on file (see the section on Reporting below). The incident may also be used in briefing staff about proper procedures
Other Considerations
State regulations exist for facilities with a storage capacity of 10,000 gallons or more of petroleum to prepare a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan (SPCC) Plan (Health & Safety Code Chapter 6.67).

State regulations also exist for storage of hazardous materials (Health & Safety Code Chapter

6.95), including the preparation of area and business plans for emergency response to the releases or threatened releases.

Consider requiring smaller secondary containment areas (less than 200 sq. ft.) to be connected to the sanitary sewer, if permitted to do so, prohibiting any hard connections to the storm drain.

Requirements
Costs
Will vary depending on the size of the facility and the necessary controls.

Prevention of leaks and spills is inexpensive. Treatment and/or disposal of wastes, contaminated soil and water is very expensive
Maintenance
This BMP has no major administrative or staffing requirements. However, extra time is needed to properly handle and dispose of spills, which results in increased labor costs Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Reporting
Record keeping and internal reporting represent good operating practices because they can increase the efficiency of the response and containment of a spill. A good record keeping system helps the municipality minimize incident recurrence, correctly respond with appropriate containment and cleanup activities, and comply with legal requirements.

A record keeping and reporting system should be set up for documenting spills, leaks, and other discharges, including discharges of hazardous substances in reportable quantities. Incident records describe the quality and quantity of non-stormwater discharges to the storm drain.

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These records should contain the following information:

Date and time of the incident
Weather conditions
Duration of the spill/leak/discharge
Cause of the spill/leak/discharge
Response procedures implemented
Persons notified
Environmental problems associated with the spill/leak/discharge Separate record keeping systems should be established to document housekeeping and preventive maintenance inspections, and training activities. All housekeeping and preventive maintenance inspections should be documented. Inspection documentation should contain the following information:

The date and time the inspection was performed
Name of the inspector
Items inspected
Problems noted
Corrective action required
Date corrective action was taken
Other means to document and record inspection results are field notes, timed and dated photographs, videotapes, and drawings and maps.

Examples
The City of Palo Alto includes spill prevention and control as a major element of its highly effective program for municipal vehicle maintenance shops.

References and Resources
King County Stormwater Pollution Control Manual - http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm Orange County Stormwater Program
http://www.ocwatersheds.com/stormwater/swp_introduction.asp San Diego Stormwater Co-permittees Jurisdictional Urban Runoff Management Program (URMP)
http://www.projectcleanwater.org/pdf/Model%20Program%20Municipal%20Facilities.pdf Outdoor Loading/Unloading S C-30
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Description
The loading/unloading of materials usually takes place outside on docks or terminals; therefore, materials spilled, leaked, or lost during loading/unloading may collect in the soil or on other surfaces and have the potential to be carried away by stormwater runoff or when the area is cleaned. Additionally, rainfall may wash pollutants from machinery used to unload or move
materials. Loading and unloading of material may include package products, barrels, and bulk products. Implementation of the following protocols will prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to stormwater from outdoor loading/unloading of materials.

Approach
Pollution Prevention
Keep accurate maintenance logs to evaluate materials
removed and improvements made.

Park tank trucks or delivery vehicles in designated areas so that spills or leaks can be contained.

Limit exposure of materials with the potential to contaminate stormwater.

Prevent stormwater runon.

Regularly check equipment for leaks.

Objectives
Cover
Contain
Educate
Reduce/Minimize
Product Substitution

Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients
Trash
Metals
Bacteria
Oil and Grease
Organics
Oxygen Demanding

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Suggested Protocols
Loading and Unloading – General Guidelines
Develop an operations plan that describes procedures for loading and/or unloading.

Do not conduct loading and unloading during wet weather, whenever possible.

Cover designated loading/unloading areas to reduce exposure of materials to rain.

A seal or door skirt between delivery vehicles and building can reduce or prevent exposure to rain.

Design loading/unloading area to prevent stormwater runon which would include grading or berming the area, and positioning roof downspouts so they direct stormwater away from the loading/unloading areas.

If feasible, load and unload all materials and equipment in covered areas such as building overhangs at loading docks.

Load/unload only at designated loading areas.

Use drip pans underneath hose and pipe connections and other leak-prone spots during liquid transfer operations, and when making and breaking connections. Several drip pans should be stored in a covered location near the liquid transfer area so that they are always available, yet protected from precipitation when not in use. Drip pans can be made specifically for railroad tracks. Drip pans must be cleaned periodically, and drip collected materials must be disposed of properly.

Pave loading areas with concrete instead of asphalt.

Avoid placing storm drains in the area.

Grade and/or berm he loading/ unloading area to a drain that is connected to a dead-end sump.

Inspection
Check loading and unloading equipment regularly for leaks, including valves, pumps, flanges and connections.

Look for dust or fumes during loading or unloading operations.

Training
Train employees (e.g. fork lift operators) and contractors on proper spill containment and cleanup.

Employees trained in spill containment and cleanup should be present during the loading/unloading.

Train employees in proper handling techniques during liquid transfers to avoid spills.

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Make sure forklift operators are properly trained on loading and unloading procedures.

Spill Response and Prevention
Refer to SC-11, Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup
Keep your spill prevention Control and countermeasure (SPCC) Plan up-to-date, and implement accordingly.

Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location.

Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible.

Properly dispose of spill cleanup material.

Other Considerations
Space, material characteristics and/or time limitations may preclude all transfers from being performed indoors or under cover.

Requirements
Costs
Should be low except when covering a large loading/unloading area.

Maintenance
Conduct regular inspections and make repairs as necessary. The frequency of repairs will depend on the age of the facility.

Check loading and unloading equipment regularly for leaks.

Regular broom dry-sweeping of area.

Conduct major clean-out of loading and unloading area and sump prior to October 1 of each year.

Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Special Circumstances for Indoor Loading/Unloading of Materials As appropriate loading or unloading of liquids should occur indoors so that any spills that are not completely retained can be discharged to the sanitary sewer, treatment plant, or treated in a manner consistent with local sewer authorities and permit requirements.

For loading and unloading tank trucks to above and below ground storage tanks, the following procedures should be used:

The area where the transfer takes place should be paved. If the liquid is reactive with the asphalt, Portland cement should be used to pave the area.

Transfer area should be designed to prevent runon of stormwater from adjacent areas.

Sloping the pad and using a curb, like a speed bump, around the uphill side of the transfer area should reduce run-on.

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Transfer area should be designed to prevent runoff of spilled liquids from the area.

Sloping the area to a drain should prevent runoff. The drain should be connected to a dead-end sump or to the sanitary sewer (if allowed). A positive control valve should be installed on the drain.

For transfer from rail cars to storage tanks that must occur outside, use the following procedures:

Drip pans should be placed at locations where spillage may occur, such as hose connections, hose reels, and filler nozzles, Use drip pans when making and breaking connections.

Drip pan systems should be installed between the rails to collect spillage from tank cars.

References and Resources
http://www.stormwatercenter.net/
King County - ftp://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm/Chapter%203.PDF Orange County Stormwater Program
http://www.ocwatersheds.com/StormWater/swp_introduction.asp San Diego Stormwater Co-permittees Jurisdictional Urban Runoff Management Program (URMP) -
http://www.projectcleanwater.org/pdf/Model%20Program%20Municipal%20Facilities.pdf Outdoor Container Storage S C-31
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Description
Accidental releases of materials from above ground liquid storage tanks, drums, and dumpsters present the potential for contaminating stormwaters with many different pollutants.

Tanks may store many potential stormwater runoff pollutants, such as gasoline, aviation gas, diesel fuel, ammonia, solvents, syrups, etc. Materials spilled, leaked, or lost from storage tanks may accumulate in soils or on other surfaces and be carried away by rainfall runoff. These source controls apply to containers located outside of a building used to temporarily store liquid materials and include installing safeguards against accidental releases, installing secondary containment, conducting regular inspections, and training employees in standard operating procedures and spill cleanup techniques.

Approach
Pollution Prevention
Educate employees about pollution prevention measures and goals
Keep an accurate, up-to-date inventory of the materials delivered and stored on-site. Re-evaluate inventory needs and consider purchasing alternative products. Properly dispose of outdated products.

Try to keep chemicals in their original containers, and keep them well labeled.

Objectives
Cover
Contain
Educate
Reduce/Minimize
Product Substitution
Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients
Trash
Metals
Bacteria
Oil and Grease
Organics
Oxygen Demanding

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Suggested Protocols
General
Develop an operations plan that describes procedures for loading and/or unloading. Refer to SC-30 Outdoor Loading/Unloading for more detailed BMP information pertaining to loading and unloading of liquids.

Protect materials from rainfall, runon, runoff, and wind dispersal:

Cover the storage area with a roof.

Minimize stormwater runon by enclosing the area or building a berm around it.

Use a “doghouse” structure for storage of liquid containers.

Use covered dumpsters for waste product containers.

Employ safeguards against accidental releases:

Provide overflow protection devices to warn operator or automatic shut down transfer pumps.

Provide protection guards (bollards) around tanks and piping to prevent vehicle or forklift damage, and
Provide clear tagging or labeling, and restricting access to valves to reduce human error.

Berm or surround tank or container with secondary containment system using dikes, liners, vaults, or double walled tanks.

Contact the appropriate regulatory agency regarding environmental compliance for facilities with “spill ponds” designed to intercept, treat, and/or divert spills.

Have registered and specifically trained professional engineers can identify and correct potential problems such as loose fittings, poor welding, and improper or poorly fitted gaskets for newly installed tank systems.

Storage Areas
Provide storage tank piping located below product level with a shut-off valve at the tank; ideally this valve should be an automatic shear valve with the shut-off located inside the tank.

Provide barriers such as posts or guard rails, where tanks are exposed, to prevent collision damage with vehicles.

Provide secure storage to prevent vandalism.

Place tight-fitting lids on all containers.

Enclose or cover the containers where they are stored.

Outdoor Container Storage S C-31
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Raise the containers off the ground by use of pallet or similar method, with provisions for spill control and secondary containment.

Contain the material in such a manner that if the container leaks or spills, the contents will not discharge, flow, or be washed into the storm drainage system, surface waters or groundwater.

Place drip pans or absorbent materials beneath all mounted container taps, and at all potential drip and spill locations during filling and unloading of containers. Drip pans must be cleaned periodically, and all collected liquids and soiled absorbent materials must be reused/recycled or properly disposed.

Ensure that any underground or aboveground storage tanks shall be designed and managed in accordance with applicable regulations, be identified as a potential pollution source, have secondary containment, such as a berm or dike with an impervious surface.

Rainfall collected in secondary containment system must not contain pollutants for discharge to storm drain system.

Container Management
Keep containers in good condition without corrosion or leaky seams.

Place containers in a lean-to structure or otherwise covered to keep rainfall from reaching the drums.

Replace containers if they are deteriorating to the point where leakage is occurring. Keep all containers undercover to prevent the entry of stormwater. Employees should be made aware of the importance of keeping the containers free from leaks.

Keep waste container drums in an area such as a service bay. Drums stored outside must be stored in a lean-to type structure, shed or walk-in container.

Storage of Hazardous Materials
Storage of reactive, ignitable, or flammable liquids must comply with the fire and hazardous waste codes.

Place containers in a designated area that is paved, free of cracks and gaps, and impervious in order to contain leaks and spills. The area should also be covered.

Surround stored hazardous materials and waste with a curb or dike to provide the volume to contain 10 percent of the volume of all of the containers or 110 percent of the volume of the largest container, whichever is greater. The area inside the curb should slope to a drain and a dead-end sump should be installed in the drain.

Inspection
Provide regular inspections:

Inspect storage areas regularly for leaks or spills.

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Conduct routine inspections and check for external corrosion of material containers.

Also check for structural failure, spills and overfills due to operator error, failure of piping system.

Check for leaks or spills during pumping of liquids or gases from truck or rail car to a storage facility or vice versa.

Visually inspect new tank or container installations for loose fittings, poor welding, and improper or poorly fitted gaskets.

Inspect tank foundations, connections, coatings, and tank walls and piping system. Look for corrosion, leaks, cracks, scratches, and other physical damage that may weaken the tank or container system.

Replace containers that are leaking, corroded, or otherwise deteriorating with ones in good condition. If the liquid chemicals are corrosive, containers made of compatible materials must be used instead of metal drums.

Label new or secondary containers with the product name and hazards.

Training
Train employees (e.g. fork lift operators) and contractors in proper spill containment and cleanup. The employee should have the tools and knowledge to immediately begin cleaning up a spill if one should occur.

Train employees in proper storage measures.

Use a training log or similar method to document training.

Spill Response and Prevention
Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan up-to-date, and implement accordingly.

Have an emergency plan, equipment and trained personnel ready at all times to deal immediately with major spills.

Collect all spilled liquids and properly dispose of them.

Employees trained in emergency spill cleanup procedures should be present when dangerous waste, liquid chemicals, or other wastes are delivered.

Operator errors can be prevented by using engineering safe guards and thus reducing accidental releases of pollutant.

Store and maintain appropriate spill cleanup materials in a location known to all near the tank storage area.

See Aboveground Tank Leak and Spill Control section of the Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup fact sheet (SC-11) for additional information.

Outdoor Container Storage S C-31
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Other Considerations
Storage sheds often must meet building and fire code requirements.

The local fire district must be consulted for limitations on clearance of roof covers over containers used to store flammable materials.

All specific standards set by federal and state laws concerning the storage of oil and hazardous materials must be met.

Storage of reactive, ignitable, or flammable liquids should comply with the Uniform Fire Code and the National Electric Code.

Storage of oil and hazardous materials must meet specific federal and state standards including:

Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan (SPCC) Plan Secondary containment
Integrity and leak detection monitoring
Emergency preparedness plans
Requirements
Costs
Will vary depending on the size of the facility and the necessary controls, such as berms or safeguards against accidental controls.

Maintenance
Conduct weekly inspection.

Sweep and clean the storage area regularly if it is paved, do not hose down the area to a storm drain.

Supplemental Information
The most common causes of unintentional releases are:

Installation problems,
Failure of piping systems (pipes, pumps, flanges, couplings, hoses, and valves), External corrosion and structural failure,
Spills and overfills due to operator error, and
Leaks during pumping of liquids or gases from truck or rail car to a storage tank or vice versa
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Further Detail of the BMP
Dikes
One of the best protective measures against contamination of stormwater is diking.

Containment dikes are berms or retaining walls that are designed to hold spills. Diking is an effective pollution prevention measure for above ground storage tanks and railcar or tank truck loading and unloading areas. The dike surrounds the area of concern and holds the spill, keeping spill materials separated from the stormwater side of the dike area. Diking can be used in any industrial or municipal facility, but it is most commonly used for controlling large spills or releases from liquid storage areas and liquid transfer areas.

For single-wall tanks, containment dikes should be large enough to hold the contents of the storage tank for the facility plus rain water.

For trucks, diked areas should be capable of holding an amount equal to the volume of the tank truck compartment. Diked construction material should be strong enough to safely hold spilled materials.

Dike materials can consist of earth, concrete, synthetic materials, metal, or other impervious materials.

Strong acids or bases may react with metal containers, concrete, and some plastics.

Where strong acids or bases or stored, alternative dike materials should be considered. More active organic chemicals may need certain special liners for dikes.

Dikes may also be designed with impermeable materials to increase containment capabilities.

Dikes should be inspected during or after significant storms or spills to check for washouts or overflows.

Regular checks of containment dikes to insure the dikes are capable of holding spills should be conducted.

Inability of a structure to retain stormwater, dike erosion, soggy areas, or changes in vegetation indicate problems with dike structures. Damaged areas should be patched and stabilized immediately.

Accumulated stormwater in the containment are should be analyzed for pollutants before it is released to surface waters. If pollutants are found or if stormwater quality is not determined, then methods other than discharging to surface waters should be employed (e.g., discharge to sanitary sewer if allowed).

Earthen dikes may require special maintenance of vegetation such as mulching and irrigation.

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Curbing
Curbing is a barrier that surrounds an area of concern. Curbing is similar to containment diking in the way that it prevents spills and leaks from being released into the environment. The curbing is usually small scaled and does not contain large spills like diking. Curbing is common at many facilities in small areas where handling and transfer liquid materials occur. Curbing can redirect stormwater away from the storage area. It is useful in areas where liquid materials are transferred from one container to another. Asphalt is a common material used for curbing; however, curbing materials include earth, concrete, synthetic materials, metal, or other impenetrable materials.

Spilled materials should be removed immediately from curbed areas to allow space for future spills.

Curbs should have manually-controlled pump systems rather than common drainage systems for collection of spilled materials.

The curbed area should be inspected regularly to clear clogging debris.

Maintenance should also be conducted frequently to prevent overflow of any spilled materials as curbed areas are designed only for smaller spills.

Curbing has the following advantages:

Excellent runon control,
Inexpensive,
Ease of installment,
Provides option to recycle materials spilled in curb areas, and Common industry practice.

Examples
The “doghouse” design has been used to store small liquid containers. The roof and flooring design prevent contact with direct rain or runoff. The doghouse has two solid structural walls and two canvas covered walls. The flooring is wire mesh about secondary containment. The unit has been used successfully at Lockheed Missile and Space Company in Sunnyvale.

References and Resources
British Columbia Lake Stewardship Society. Best Management Practices to Protect Water Quality from Non-Point Source Pollution. March 2000
http://www.nalms.org/bclss/storage.html
King County Stormwater Pollution Control Manual –
http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm
SC-31 Outdoor Container Storage
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San Diego Stormwater Co-permittees Jurisdictional Urban Runoff Management Program (URMP) -
http://www.projectcleanwater.org/pdf/Model%20Program%20Municipal%20Facilities.pdf Outdoor Equipment Maintenance S C-32
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Description
Outside process equipment operations and maintenance can contaminate stormwater runoff. Activities, such as grinding, painting, coating, sanding, degreasing or parts cleaning, landfills and waste piles, solid waste treatment and disposal, are examples of process operations that can lead to contamination of stormwater runoff. Source controls for outdoor process equip- ment operations and maintenance include reducing the amount of waste created, enclosing or covering all or some of the equipment, installing secondary containment, and training employees.

Approach
Pollution Prevention
Perform the activity during dry periods.

Use non-toxic chemicals for maintenance and minimize or eliminate the use of solvents.

Suggested Protocols
Consider enclosing the activity in a building and connecting the floor drains to the sanitary sewer.

Cover the work area with a permanent roof.

Minimize contact of stormwater with outside process
equipment operations through berming and drainage routing (runon prevention). If allowed, connect process equipment area to public sewer.

Dry clean the work area regularly.

Training
Train employees to perform the activity during dry periods only and to use less or non-toxic materials.

Train employee and contractors in proper techniques for spill containment and cleanup. The employee should have the
tools and knowledge to immediately begin cleaning up a spill if one should occur.

Objectives
Cover
Contain
Educate
Reduce/Minimize
Product Substitution
Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients
Trash
Metals
Bacteria
Oil and Grease
Organics
Oxygen Demanding

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Spill Response and Prevention
Refer to SC-11, Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup
Keep your spill prevention control and countermeasure (SPCC) plan up-date, and implement accordingly.

Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location.

Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible.

Properly dispose of spill cleanup material.

Other Considerations
Space limitations may preclude enclosing some equipment.

Storage sheds often must meet building and fire code requirements.

Requirements
Costs
Costs vary depending on the complexity of the operation and the amount of control necessary for stormwater pollution control.

Providing cover may be expensive.

Maintenance
Conduct routine preventive maintenance, including checking process equipment for leaks.

Clean the storm drain system regularly.

Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Hydraulic/Treatment Modifications
In some cases it may be necessary to capture and treat polluted stormwater. If the municipality does not have its own process wastewater treatment system, consider discharging to the public sewer system. Use of the public sewer might be allowed under the following conditions:

If the activity area is very small (less than a few hundred square feet), the local sewer authority may be willing to allow the area to remain uncovered with the drain connected to the public sewer.

It may be possible under unusual circumstances to connect a much larger area to the public sewer, as long as the rate of stormwater discharges does not exceed the capacity of the wastewater treatment plant. The stormwater could be stored during the storm and then transferred to the public sewer when the normal flow is low, such as at night.

References and Resources
California’s Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html Outdoor Equipment Maintenance S C-32
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Clark County Stormwater Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf
King County Stormwater Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp.org The Stormwater Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net/ Waste Handling & Disposal S C-34
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 5
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Description
Improper storage and handling of solid wastes can allow toxic compounds, oils and greases, heavy metals, nutrients, suspended solids, and other pollutants to enter stormwater runoff. The discharge of pollutants to stormwater from waste handling and disposal can be prevented and reduced by tracking waste generation, storage, and disposal; reducing waste generation and disposal through source reduction, re-use, and recycling; and preventing runon and runoff.

Approach
Pollution Prevention
Reduction in the amount of waste generated can be
accomplished using the following source controls such as:

Production planning and sequencing
Process or equipment modification
Raw material substitution or elimination
Loss prevention and housekeeping
Waste segregation and separation
Close loop recycling
Establish a material tracking system to increase awareness about material usage. This may reduce spills and minimize contamination, thus reducing the amount of waste produced.

Recycle materials whenever possible.

Objectives
Cover
Contain
Educate
Reduce/Minimize
Product Substitution

Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients
Trash
Metals
Bacteria
Oil and Grease
Organics
Oxygen Demanding

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Suggested Protocols
General
Cover storage containers with leak proof lids or some other means. If waste is not in containers, cover all waste piles (plastic tarps are acceptable coverage) and prevent stormwater runon and runoff with a berm. The waste containers or piles must be covered except when in use.

Use drip pans or absorbent materials whenever grease containers are emptied by vacuum trucks or other means. Grease cannot be left on the ground. Collected grease must be properly disposed of as garbage.

Check storage containers weekly for leaks and to ensure that lids are on tightly. Replace any that are leaking, corroded, or otherwise deteriorating.

Sweep and clean the storage area regularly. If it is paved, do not hose down the area to a storm drain.

Dispose of rinse and wash water from cleaning waste containers into a sanitary sewer if allowed by the local sewer authority. Do not discharge wash water to the street or storm drain.

Transfer waste from damaged containers into safe containers.

Take special care when loading or unloading wastes to minimize losses. Loading systems can be used to minimize spills and fugitive emission losses such as dust or mist. Vacuum transfer systems can minimize waste loss.

Controlling Litter
Post “No Littering” signs and enforce anti-litter laws.

Provide a sufficient number of litter receptacles for the facility.

Clean out and cover litter receptacles frequently to prevent spillage.

Waste Collection
Keep waste collection areas clean.

Inspect solid waste containers for structural damage or leaks regularly. Repair or replace damaged containers as necessary.

Secure solid waste containers; containers must be closed tightly when not in use.

Place waste containers under cover if possible.

Do not fill waste containers with washout water or any other liquid.

Ensure that only appropriate solid wastes are added to the solid waste container. Certain wastes such as hazardous wastes, appliances, fluorescent lamps, pesticides, etc. may not be Waste Handling & Disposal S C-34
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disposed of in solid waste containers (see chemical/ hazardous waste collection section below).

Do not mix wastes; this can cause chemical reactions, make recycling impossible, and complicate disposal.

Good Housekeeping
Use all of the product before disposing of the container.

Keep the waste management area clean at all times by sweeping and cleaning up spills immediately.

Use dry methods when possible (e.g. sweeping, use of absorbents) when cleaning around restaurant/food handling dumpster areas. If water must be used after sweeping/using absorbents, collect water and discharge through grease interceptor to the sewer.

Stencil storm drains on the facility’s property with prohibitive message regarding waste disposal.

Chemical/Hazardous Wastes
Select designated hazardous waste collection areas on-site.

Store hazardous materials and wastes in covered containers protected from vandalism, and in compliance with fire and hazardous waste codes.

Place hazardous waste containers in secondary containment.

Make sure that hazardous waste is collected, removed, and disposed of only at authorized disposal areas.

Runon/Runoff Prevention
Prevent stormwater runon from entering the waste management area by enclosing the area or building a berm around the area.

Prevent the waste materials from directly contacting rain.

Cover waste piles with temporary covering material such as reinforced tarpaulin, polyethylene, polyurethane, polypropyleneor hypalon.

Cover the area with a permanent roof if feasible.

Cover dumpsters to prevent rain from washing waste out of holes or cracks in the bottom of the dumpster.

Move the activity indoor after ensuring all safety concerns such as fire hazard and ventilation are addressed.

Inspection
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Inspect and replace faulty pumps or hoses regularly to minimize the potential of releases and spills.

Check waste management areas for leaking containers or spills.

Repair leaking equipment including valves, lines, seals, or pumps promptly.

Training
Train staff pollution prevention measures and proper disposal methods.

Train employees and contractors proper spill containment and cleanup. The employee should have the tools and knowledge to immediately begin cleaning up a spill if one should occur.

Train employees and subcontractors in proper hazardous waste management.

Spill Response and Prevention
Refer to SC-11, Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup.

Keep your Spill Prevention Control and countermeasure (SPCC) plan up-to-date, and implement accordingly.

Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location.

Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible.

Properly dispose of spill cleanup material.

Vehicles transporting waste should have spill prevention equipment that can prevent spills during transport. The spill prevention equipment includes:

Vehicles equipped with baffles for liquid waste
Trucks with sealed gates and spill guards for solid waste Other Considerations
Hazardous waste cannot be re-used or recycled; it must be disposed of by a licensed hazardous waste hauler.

Requirements
Costs
Capital and operation and maintenance costs will vary substantially depending on the size of the facility and the types of waste handled. Costs should be low if there is an inventory program in place.

Maintenance
None except for maintaining equipment for material tracking program.

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Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Land Treatment System
Minimize the runoff of polluted stormwater from land application of municipal waste on-site by:

Choosing a site where slopes are under 6%, the soil is permeable, there is a low water table, it is located away from wetlands or marshes, there is a closed drainage system.

Avoiding application of waste to the site when it is raining or when the ground is saturated with water.

Growing vegetation on land disposal areas to stabilize soils and reduce the volume of surface water runoff from the site.

Maintaining adequate barriers between the land application site and the receiving waters. Planted strips are particularly good.

Using erosion control techniques such as mulching and matting, filter fences, straw bales, diversion terracing, and sediment basins.

Performing routine maintenance to ensure the erosion control or site stabilization measures are working.

References and Resources
King County Stormwater Pollution Control Manual - http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm Orange County Stormwater Program
http://www.ocwatersheds.com/StormWater/swp_introduction.asp Pollution from Surface Cleaning Folder. 1996. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Associations (BASMAA). On-line: http://www.basmaa.org
Building & Grounds Maintenance S C-41
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Description
Stormwater runoff from building and grounds maintenance activities can be contaminated with toxic hydrocarbons in solvents, fertilizers and pesticides, suspended solids, heavy metals, and abnormal pH. Utilizing the following protocols will prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to stormwater from building and grounds maintenance activities by washing and cleaning up with as little water as possible, following good landscape management practices, preventing and cleaning up spills immediately, keeping debris from entering the storm drains, and maintaining the stormwater collection system.

Approach
Pollution Prevention
Switch to non-toxic chemicals for maintenance when
possible.

Choose cleaning agents that can be recycled.

Encourage proper lawn management and landscaping,
including use of native vegetation.

Encourage use of Integrated Pest Management techniques for pest control.

Encourage proper onsite recycling of yard trimmings.

Recycle residual paints, solvents, lumber, and other material as much as possible.

Objectives
Cover
Contain
Educate
Reduce/Minimize
Product Substitution

Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients
Trash
Metals
Bacteria
Oil and Grease
Organics
Oxygen Demanding

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Suggested Protocols
Pressure Washing of Buildings, Rooftops, and Other Large Objects In situations where soaps or detergents are used and the surrounding area is paved, pressure washers must use a waste water collection device that enables collection of wash water and associated solids. A sump pump, wet vacuum or similarly effective device must be used to collect the runoff and loose materials. The collected runoff and solids must be disposed of properly.

If soaps or detergents are not used, and the surrounding area is paved, wash water runoff does not have to be collected but must be screened. Pressure washers must use filter fabric or some other type of screen on the ground and/or in he catch basin to trap the particles in wash water runoff.

If you are pressure washing on a grassed area (with or without soap), runoff must be dispersed as sheet flow as much as possible, rather than as a concentrated stream. The wash runoff must remain on the grass and not drain to pavement. Ensure that this practice does not kill grass.

Landscaping Activities
Do not apply any chemicals (insecticide, herbicide, or fertilizer) directly to surface waters, unless the application is approved and permitted by the state.

Dispose of grass clippings, leaves, sticks, or other collected vegetation as garbage, or by composting. Do not dispose of collected vegetation into waterways or storm drainage systems.

Use mulch or other erosion control measures on exposed soils.

Check irrigation schedules so pesticides will not be washed away and to minimize non- stormwater discharge.

Building Repair, Remodeling, and Construction
Do not dump any toxic substance or liquid waste on the pavement, the ground, or toward a storm drain.

Use ground or drop cloths underneath outdoor painting, scraping, and sandblasting work, and properly dispose of collected material daily.

Use a ground cloth or oversized tub for activities such as paint mixing and tool cleaning.

Clean paint brushes and tools covered with water-based paints in sinks connected to sanitary sewers or in portable containers that can be dumped into a sanitary sewer drain.

Brushes and tools covered with non-water-based paints, finishes, or other materials must be cleaned in a manner that enables collection of used solvents (e.g., paint thinner, turpentine, etc.) for recycling or proper disposal.

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Use a storm drain cover, filter fabric, or similarly effective runoff control mechanism if dust, grit, wash water, or other pollutants may escape the work area and enter a catch basin. The containment device(s) must be in place at the beginning of the work day, and accumulated dirty runoff and solids must be collected and disposed of before removing the containment device(s) at the end of the work day.

If you need to de-water an excavation site, you may need to filter the water before discharging to a catch basin or off-site. In which case you should direct the water through hay bales and filter fabric or use other sediment filters or traps.

Store toxic material under cover with secondary containment during precipitation events and when not in use. A cover would include tarps or other temporary cover material.

Mowing, Trimming, and Planting
Dispose of leaves, sticks, or other collected vegetation as garbage, by composting or at a permitted landfill. Do not dispose of collected vegetation into waterways or storm drainage systems.

Use mulch or other erosion control measures when soils are exposed.

Place temporarily stockpiled material away from watercourses and drain inlets, and berm or cover stockpiles to prevent material releases to the storm drain system.

Consider an alternative approach when bailing out muddy water; do not put it in the storm drain, pour over landscaped areas.

Use hand or mechanical weeding where practical.

Fertilizer and Pesticide Management
Follow all federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing the use, storage, and disposal of fertilizers and pesticides and training of applicators and pest control advisors.

Follow manufacturers’ recommendations and label directions. Pesticides must never be applied if precipitation is occuring or predicted. Do not apply insecticides within 100 feet of surface waters such as lakes, ponds, wetlands, and streams.

Use less toxic pesticides that will do the job, whenever possible. Avoid use of copper-based pesticides if possible.

Do not use pesticides if rain is expected.

Do not mix or prepare pesticides for application near storm drains.

Use the minimum amount needed for the job.

Calibrate fertilizer distributors to avoid excessive application.

Employ techniques to minimize off-target application (e.g. spray drift) of pesticides, including consideration of alternative application techniques.

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Apply pesticides only when wind speeds are low.

Work fertilizers into the soil rather than dumping or broadcasting them onto the surface.

Irrigate slowly to prevent runoff and then only as much as is needed.

Clean pavement and sidewalk if fertilizer is spilled on these surfaces before applying irrigation water.

Dispose of empty pesticide containers according to the instructions on the container label.

Use up the pesticides. Rinse containers, and use rinse water as product. Dispose of unused pesticide as hazardous waste.

Implement storage requirements for pesticide products with guidance from the local fire department and County Agricultural Commissioner. Provide secondary containment for pesticides.

Inspection
Inspect irrigation system periodically to ensure that the right amount of water is being applied and that excessive runoff is not occurring. Minimize excess watering, and repair leaks in the irrigation system as soon as they are observed.

Training
Educate and train employees on use of pesticides and in pesticide application techniques to prevent pollution.

Train employees and contractors in proper techniques for spill containment and cleanup.

Be sure the frequency of training takes into account the complexity of the operations and the nature of the staff.

Spill Response and Prevention
Refer to SC-11, Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup
Keep your Spill Prevention Control and countermeasure (SPCC) plan up-to-date, and implement accordingly.

Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location.

Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible.

Properly dispose of spill cleanup material.

Other Considerations
Alternative pest/weed controls may not be available, suitable, or effective in many cases.

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Requirements
Costs
Overall costs should be low in comparison to other BMPs.

Maintenance
Sweep paved areas regularly to collect loose particles, and wipe up spills with rags and other absorbent material immediately, do not hose down the area to a storm drain.

Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Fire Sprinkler Line Flushing
Building fire sprinkler line flushing may be a source of non-stormwater runoff pollution. The water entering the system is usually potable water though in some areas it may be non-potable reclaimed wastewater. There are subsequent factors that may drastically reduce the quality of the water in such systems. Black iron pipe is usually used since it is cheaper than potable piping but it is subject to rusting and results in lower quality water. Initially the black iron pipe has an oil coating to protect it from rusting between manufacture and installation; this will contaminate the water from the first flush but not from subsequent flushes. Nitrates, poly- phosphates and other corrosion inhibitors, as well as fire suppressants and antifreeze may be added to the sprinkler water system. Water generally remains in the sprinkler system a long time, typically a year, between flushes and may accumulate iron, manganese, lead, copper, nickel and zinc. The water generally becomes anoxic and contains living and dead bacteria and breakdown products from chlorination. This may result in a significant BOD problem and the water often smells. Consequently dispose fire sprinkler line flush water into the sanitary sewer.

Do not allow discharge to storm drain or infiltration due to potential high levels of pollutants in fire sprinkler line water.

References and Resources
California’s Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html King County - ftp://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm/Chapter%203.PDF Orange County Stormwater Program
http://www.ocwatersheds.com/StormWater/swp_introduction.asp Mobile Cleaners Pilot Program: Final Report. 1997. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association (BASSMA) http://www.basmaa.org/
Pollution from Surface Cleaning Folder. 1996. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association (BASMAA) http://www.basmaa.org/
San Diego Stormwater Co-permittees Jurisdictional Urban Runoff Management Program (URMP) -
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Description
Landscape maintenance activities include vegetation removal; herbicide and insecticide application; fertilizer application; watering; and other gardening and lawn care practices.

Vegetation control typically involves a combination of chemical (herbicide) application and mechanical methods. All of these maintenance practices have the potential to contribute pollutants to the storm drain system. The major objectives of this BMP are to minimize the discharge of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers to the storm drain system and receiving waters; prevent the disposal of landscape waste into the storm drain system by collecting and properly disposing of clippings and cuttings, and educating employees and the public.

Approach
Pollution Prevention
Implement an integrated pest management (IPM) program.

IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by
combining biological, cultural, physical, and chemical tools.

Choose low water using flowers, trees, shrubs, and
groundcover.

Consider alternative landscaping techniques such as
naturescaping and xeriscaping.

Conduct appropriate maintenance (i.e. properly timed
fertilizing, weeding, pest control, and pruning) to help preserve the landscapes water efficiency.

Objectives
Contain
Educate
Reduce/Minimize
Product Substitution

Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients
Trash
Metals
Bacteria
Oil and Grease
Organics
Oxygen Demanding

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Consider grass cycling (grass cycling is the natural recycling of grass by leaving the clippings on the lawn when mowing. Grass clippings decompose quickly and release valuable nutrients back into the lawn).

Suggested Protocols
Mowing, Trimming, and Weeding
Whenever possible use mechanical methods of vegetation removal (e.g mowing with tractor- type or push mowers, hand cutting with gas or electric powered weed trimmers) rather than applying herbicides. Use hand weeding where practical.

Avoid loosening the soil when conducting mechanical or manual weed control, this could lead to erosion. Use mulch or other erosion control measures when soils are exposed.

Performing mowing at optimal times. Mowing should not be performed if significant rain events are predicted.

Mulching mowers may be recommended for certain flat areas. Other techniques may be employed to minimize mowing such as selective vegetative planting using low maintenance grasses and shrubs.

Collect lawn and garden clippings, pruning waste, tree trimmings, and weeds. Chip if necessary, and compost or dispose of at a landfill (see waste management section of this fact sheet).

Place temporarily stockpiled material away from watercourses, and berm or cover stockpiles to prevent material releases to storm drains.

Planting
Determine existing native vegetation features (location, species, size, function, importance) and consider the feasibility of protecting them. Consider elements such as their effect on drainage and erosion, hardiness, maintenance requirements, and possible conflicts between preserving vegetation and the resulting maintenance needs.

Retain and/or plant selected native vegetation whose features are determined to be beneficial, where feasible. Native vegetation usually requires less maintenance (e.g., irrigation, fertilizer) than planting new vegetation.

Consider using low water use groundcovers when planting or replanting.

Waste Management
Compost leaves, sticks, or other collected vegetation or dispose of at a permitted landfill. Do not dispose of collected vegetation into waterways or storm drainage systems.

Place temporarily stockpiled material away from watercourses and storm drain inlets, and berm or cover stockpiles to prevent material releases to the storm drain system.

Reduce the use of high nitrogen fertilizers that produce excess growth requiring more frequent mowing or trimming.

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Avoid landscape wastes in and around storm drain inlets by either using bagging equipment or by manually picking up the material.

Irrigation
Where practical, use automatic timers to minimize runoff.

Use popup sprinkler heads in areas with a lot of activity or where there is a chance the pipes may be broken. Consider the use of mechanisms that reduce water flow to sprinkler heads if broken.

Ensure that there is no runoff from the landscaped area(s) if re-claimed water is used for irrigation.

If bailing of muddy water is required (e.g. when repairing a water line leak), do not put it in the storm drain; pour over landscaped areas.

Irrigate slowly or pulse irrigate to prevent runoff and then only irrigate as much as is needed.

Apply water at rates that do not exceed the infiltration rate of the soil.

Fertilizer and Pesticide Management
Utilize a comprehensive management system that incorporates integrated pest management (IPM) techniques. There are many methods and types of IPM, including the following:

Mulching can be used to prevent weeds where turf is absent, fencing installed to keep rodents out, and netting used to keep birds and insects away from leaves and fruit.

Visible insects can be removed by hand (with gloves or tweezers) and placed in soapy water or vegetable oil. Alternatively, insects can be sprayed off the plant with water or in some cases vacuumed off of larger plants.

Store-bought traps, such as species-specific, pheromone-based traps or colored sticky cards, can be used.

Slugs can be trapped in small cups filled with beer that are set in the ground so the slugs can get in easily.

In cases where microscopic parasites, such as bacteria and fungi, are causing damage to plants, the affected plant material can be removed and disposed of (pruning equipment should be disinfected with bleach to prevent spreading the disease organism).

Small mammals and birds can be excluded using fences, netting, tree trunk guards.

Beneficial organisms, such as bats, birds, green lacewings, ladybugs, praying mantis, ground beetles, parasitic nematodes, trichogramma wasps, seed head weevils, and spiders that prey on detrimental pest species can be promoted.

Follow all federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing the use, storage, and disposal of fertilizers and pesticides and training of applicators and pest control advisors.

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Use pesticides only if there is an actual pest problem (not on a regular preventative schedule).

Do not use pesticides if rain is expected. Apply pesticides only when wind speeds are low (less than 5 mph).

Do not mix or prepare pesticides for application near storm drains.

Prepare the minimum amount of pesticide needed for the job and use the lowest rate that will effectively control the pest.

Employ techniques to minimize off-target application (e.g. spray drift) of pesticides, including consideration of alternative application techniques.

Fertilizers should be worked into the soil rather than dumped or broadcast onto the surface.

Calibrate fertilizer and pesticide application equipment to avoid excessive application.

Periodically test soils for determining proper fertilizer use.

Sweep pavement and sidewalk if fertilizer is spilled on these surfaces before applying irrigation water.

Purchase only the amount of pesticide that you can reasonably use in a given time period (month or year depending on the product).

Triple rinse containers, and use rinse water as product. Dispose of unused pesticide as hazardous waste.

Dispose of empty pesticide containers according to the instructions on the container label.

Inspect pesticide/fertilizer equipment and transportation vehicles daily.

Training
Educate and train employees on use of pesticides and in pesticide application techniques to prevent pollution. Pesticide application must be under the supervision of a California qualified pesticide applicator.

Train/encourage municipal maintenance crews to use IPM techniques for managing public green areas.

Annually train employees within departments responsible for pesticide application on the appropriate portions of the agency’s IPM Policy, SOPs, and BMPs, and the latest IPM techniques.

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Employees who are not authorized and trained to apply pesticides should be periodically (at least annually) informed that they cannot use over-the-counter pesticides in or around the workplace.

Use a training log or similar method to document training.

Spill Response and Prevention
Refer to SC-11, Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup
Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a know in location Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible.

Properly dispose of spill cleanup material.

Other Considerations
The Federal Pesticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act and California Title 3, Division 6, Pesticides and Pest Control Operations place strict controls over pesticide application and handling and specify training, annual refresher, and testing requirements. The regulations generally cover: a list of approved pesticides and selected uses, updated regularly; general application information; equipment use and maintenance procedures; and record keeping.

The California Department of Pesticide Regulations and the County Agricultural Commission coordinate and maintain the licensing and certification programs. All public agency employees who apply pesticides and herbicides in “agricultural use” areas such as parks, golf courses, rights-of-way and recreation areas should be properly certified in accordance with state regulations. Contracts for landscape maintenance should include similar requirements.

All employees who handle pesticides should be familiar with the most recent material safety data sheet (MSDS) files.

Municipalities do not have the authority to regulate the use of pesticides by school districts, however the California Healthy Schools Act of 2000 (AB 2260) has imposed requirements on California school districts regarding pesticide use in schools. Posting of notification prior to the application of pesticides is now required, and IPM is stated as the preferred approach to pest management in schools.

Requirements
Costs
Additional training of municipal employees will be required to address IPM techniques and BMPs. IPM methods will likely increase labor cost for pest control which may be offset by lower chemical costs.

Maintenance
Not applicable
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Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Waste Management
Composting is one of the better disposal alternatives if locally available. Most municipalities either have or are planning yard waste composting facilities as a means of reducing the amount of waste going to the landfill. Lawn clippings from municipal maintenance programs as well as private sources would probably be compatible with most composting facilities Contractors and Other Pesticide Users
Municipal agencies should develop and implement a process to ensure that any contractor employed to conduct pest control and pesticide application on municipal property engages in pest control methods consistent with the IPM Policy adopted by the agency. Specifically, municipalities should require contractors to follow the agency’s IPM policy, SOPs, and BMPs; provide evidence to the agency of having received training on current IPM techniques when feasible; provide documentation of pesticide use on agency property to the agency in a timely manner.

References and Resources
King County Stormwater Pollution Control Manual. Best Management Practices for Businesses. 1995. King County Surface Water Management. July. On-line:
http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm
Los Angeles County Stormwater Quality Model Programs. Public Agency Activities http://ladpw.org/wmd/npdes/model_links.cfm
Model Urban Runoff Program: A How-To Guide for Developing Urban Runoff Programs for Small Municipalities. Prepared by City of Monterey, City of Santa Cruz, California Coastal Commission, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, Woodward-Clyde, Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. July. 1998.

Orange County Stormwater Program
http://www.ocwatersheds.com/StormWater/swp_introduction.asp Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 1997 Urban Runoff Management Plan. September 1997, updated October 2000.

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations Landscaping and Lawn Care. Office of Water. Office of Wastewater Management. On-line: http://www.epa.gov/npdes/menuofbmps/poll_8.htm Drainage System Maintenance SC-74
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Description
As a consequence of its function, the stormwater conveyance system collects and transports urban runoff that may contain certain pollutants. Maintaining catch basins, stormwater inlets, and other stormwater conveyance structures on a regular basis will remove pollutants, prevent clogging of the downstream conveyance system, restore catch basins’ sediment trapping capacity, and ensure the system functions properly hydraulically to avoid flooding.

Approach
Suggested Protocols
Catch Basins/Inlet Structures
Municipal staff should regularly inspect facilities to ensure the following:

Immediate repair of any deterioration threatening
structural integrity.

Cleaning before the sump is 40% full. Catch basins
should be cleaned as frequently as needed to meet this
standard.

Stenciling of catch basins and inlets (see SC-75 Waste
Handling and Disposal).

Clean catch basins, storm drain inlets, and other conveyance structures in high pollutant load areas just before the wet season to remove sediments and debris accumulated during the summer.

Objectives
Contain
Educate
Reduce/Minimize

Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients
Trash
Metals
Bacteria
Oil and Grease
Organics
Oxygen Demanding

Photo Credit: Geoff Brosseau
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Conduct inspections more frequently during the wet season for problem areas where sediment or trash accumulates more often. Clean and repair as needed.

Keep accurate logs of the number of catch basins cleaned.

Record the amount of waste collected.

Store wastes collected from cleaning activities of the drainage system in appropriate containers or temporary storage sites in a manner that prevents discharge to the storm drain.

Dewater the wastes with outflow into the sanitary sewer if permitted. Water should be treated with an appropriate filtering device prior to discharge to the sanitary sewer. If discharge to the sanitary sewer is not allowed, water should be pumped or vacuumed to a tank and properly disposed of. Do not dewater near a storm drain or stream.

Except for small communities with relatively few catch basins that may be cleaned manually, most municipalities will require mechanical cleaners such as eductors, vacuums, or bucket loaders.

Storm Drain Conveyance System
Locate reaches of storm drain with deposit problems and develop a flushing schedule that keeps the pipe clear of excessive buildup.

Collect flushed effluent and pump to the sanitary sewer for treatment.

Pump Stations
Clean all storm drain pump stations prior to the wet season to remove silt and trash.

Do not allow discharge from cleaning a storm drain pump station or other facility to reach the storm drain system.

Conduct quarterly routine maintenance at each pump station.

Inspect, clean, and repair as necessary all outlet structures prior to the wet season.

Sample collected sediments to determine if landfill disposal is possible, or illegal discharges in the watershed are occurring.

Open Channel
Consider modification of storm channel characteristics to improve channel hydraulics, to increase pollutant removals, and to enhance channel/creek aesthetic and habitat value.

Conduct channel modification/improvement in accordance with existing laws. Any person, government agency, or public utility proposing an activity that will change the natural (emphasis added) state of any river, stream, or lake in California, must enter into a steam or Lake Alteration Agreement with the Department of Fish and Game. The developer-applicant should also contact local governments (city, county, special districts), other state agencies Drainage System Maintenance SC-74
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(SWRCB, RWQCB, Department of Forestry, Department of Water Resources), and Federal Corps of Engineers and USFWS
Illicit Connections and Discharges
During routine maintenance of conveyance system and drainage structures field staff should look for evidence of illegal discharges or illicit connections:

Is there evidence of spills such as paints, discoloring, etc.

Are there any odors associated with the drainage system Record locations of apparent illegal discharges/illicit connections Track flows back to potential dischargers and conduct aboveground inspections. This can be done through visual inspection of up gradient manholes or alternate techniques including zinc chloride smoke testing, fluorometric dye testing, physical inspection testing, or television camera inspection.

Once the origin of flow is established, require illicit discharger to eliminate the discharge.

Refer to fact sheet SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges.

Illegal Dumping
Regularly inspect and clean up hot spots and other storm drainage areas where illegal dumping and disposal occurs.

Establish a system for tracking incidents. The system should be designed to identify the following:

Illegal dumping hot spots
Types and quantities (in some cases) of wastes
Patterns in time of occurrence (time of day/night, month, or year) Mode of dumping (abandoned containers, “midnight dumping” from moving vehicles, direct dumping of materials, accidents/spills)
Responsible parties
Post “No Dumping” signs in problem areas with a phone number for reporting dumping and disposal. Signs should also indicate fines and penalties for illegal dumping.

Refer to fact sheet SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges.

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The State Department of Fish and Game has a hotline for reporting violations called Cal TIP (1-800-952-5400). The phone number may be used to report any violation of a Fish and Game code (illegal dumping, poaching, etc.).

The California Department of Toxic Substances Control’s Waste Alert Hotline, 1-800- 69TOXIC, can be used to report hazardous waste violations.

Training
Train crews in proper maintenance activities, including record keeping and disposal.

Only properly trained individuals are allowed to handle hazardous materials/wastes.

Train municipal employees from all departments (public works, utilities, street cleaning, parks and recreation, industrial waste inspection, hazardous waste inspection, sewer maintenance) to recognize and report illegal dumping.

Train municipal employees and educate businesses, contractors, and the general public in proper and consistent methods for disposal.

Train municipal staff regarding non-stormwater discharges (See SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges).

Spill Response and Prevention
Refer to SC-11, Prevention, Control & Cleanup
Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location.

Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible.

Properly dispose of spill cleanup material.

Other Considerations
Cleanup activities may create a slight disturbance for local aquatic species. Access to items and material on private property may be limited. Trade-offs may exist between channel hydraulics and water quality/riparian habitat. If storm channels or basins are recognized as wetlands, many activities, including maintenance, may be subject to regulation and permitting.

Storm drain flushing is most effective in small diameter pipes (36-inch diameter pipe or less, depending on water supply and sediment collection capacity). Other considerations associated with storm drain flushing may include the availability of a water source, finding a downstream area to collect sediments, liquid/sediment disposal, and disposal of flushed effluent to sanitary sewer may be prohibited in some areas.

Regulations may include adoption of substantial penalties for illegal dumping and disposal.

Municipal codes should include sections prohibiting the discharge of soil, debris, refuse, hazardous wastes, and other pollutants into the storm drain system.

Private property access rights may be needed to track illegal discharges up gradient.

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Requirements of municipal ordinance authority for suspected source verification testing for illicit connections necessary for guaranteed rights of entry.

Requirements
Costs
An aggressive catch basin cleaning program could require a significant capital and O&M budget. A careful study of cleaning effectiveness should be undertaken before increased cleaning is implemented. Catch basin cleaning costs are less expensive if vacuum street sweepers are available; cleaning catch basins manually can cost approximately twice as much as cleaning the basins with a vacuum attached to a sweeper.

Methods used for illicit connection detection (smoke testing, dye testing, visual inspection, and flow monitoring) can be costly and time-consuming. Site-specific factors, such as the level of impervious area, the density and ages of buildings, and type of land use will determine the level of investigation necessary. Encouraging reporting of illicit discharges by employees can offset costs by saving expense on inspectors and directing resources more efficiently. Some programs have used funds available from “environmental fees” or special assessment districts to fund their illicit connection elimination programs.

Maintenance
Two-person teams may be required to clean catch basins with vactor trucks.

Identifying illicit discharges requires teams of at least two people (volunteers can be used), plus administrative personnel, depending on the complexity of the storm sewer system.

Arrangements must be made for proper disposal of collected wastes.

Requires technical staff to detect and investigate illegal dumping violations, and to coordinate public education.

Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Storm Drain flushing
Sanitary sewer flushing is a common maintenance activity used to improve pipe hydraulics and to remove pollutants in sanitary sewer systems. The same principles that make sanitary sewer flushing effective can be used to flush storm drains. Flushing may be designed to hydraulically convey accumulated material to strategic locations, such as to an open channel, to another point where flushing will be initiated, or over to the sanitary sewer and on to the treatment facilities, thus preventing re-suspension and overflow of a portion of the solids during storm events.

Flushing prevents “plug flow” discharges of concentrated pollutant loadings and sediments. The deposits can hinder the designed conveyance capacity of the storm drain system and potentially cause backwater conditions in severe cases of clogging.

Storm drain flushing usually takes place along segments of pipe with grades that are too flat to maintain adequate velocity to keep particles in suspension. An upstream manhole is selected to place an inflatable device that temporarily plugs the pipe. Further upstream, water is pumped into the line to create a flushing wave. When the upstream reach of pipe is sufficiently full to SC-74 Drainage System Maintenance
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cause a flushing wave, the inflated device is rapidly deflated with the assistance of a vacuum pump, releasing the backed up water and resulting in the cleaning of the storm drain segment.

To further reduce the impacts of stormwater pollution, a second inflatable device, placed well downstream, may be used to re-collect the water after the force of the flushing wave has dissipated. A pump may then be used to transfer the water and accumulated material to the sanitary sewer for treatment. In some cases, an interceptor structure may be more practical or required to re-collect the flushed waters.

It has been found that cleansing efficiency of periodic flush waves is dependent upon flush volume, flush discharge rate, sewer slope, sewer length, sewer flow rate, sewer diameter, and population density. As a rule of thumb, the length of line to be flushed should not exceed 700 feet. At this maximum recommended length, the percent removal efficiency ranges between 65- 75 percent for organics and 55-65 percent for dry weather grit/inorganic material. The percent removal efficiency drops rapidly beyond that. Water is commonly supplied by a water truck, but fire hydrants can also supply water. To make the best use of water, it is recommended that reclaimed water be used or that fire hydrant line flushing coincide with storm drain flushing.

Flow Management
Flow management has been one of the principal motivations for designing urban stream corridors in the past. Such needs may or may not be compatible with the stormwater quality goals in the stream corridor.

Downstream flood peaks can be suppressed by reducing through flow velocity. This can be accomplished by reducing gradient with grade control structures or increasing roughness with boulders, dense vegetation, or complex banks forms. Reducing velocity correspondingly increases flood height, so all such measures have a natural association with floodplain open space. Flood elevations laterally adjacent to the stream can be lowered by increasing through flow velocity.

However, increasing velocity increases flooding downstream and inherently conflicts with channel stability and human safety. Where topography permits, another way to lower flood elevation is to lower the level of the floodway with drop structures into a large but subtly excavated bowl where flood flows we allowed to spread out.

Stream Corridor Planning
Urban streams receive and convey stormwater flows from developed or developing watersheds.

Planning of stream corridors thus interacts with urban stormwater management programs. If local programs are intended to control or protect downstream environments by managing flows delivered to the channels, then it is logical that such programs should be supplemented by management of the materials, forms, and uses of the downstream riparian corridor. Any proposal for steam alteration or management should be investigated for its potential flow and stability effects on upstream, downstream, and laterally adjacent areas. The timing and rate of flow from various tributaries can combine in complex ways to alter flood hazards. Each section of channel is unique, influenced by its own distribution of roughness elements, management activities, and stream responses.

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Flexibility to adapt to stream features and behaviors as they evolve must be included in stream reclamation planning. The amenity and ecology of streams may be enhanced through the landscape design options of 1) corridor reservation, 2) bank treatment, 3) geomorphic restoration, and 4) grade control.

Corridor reservation - Reserving stream corridors and valleys to accommodate natural stream meandering, aggradation, degradation, and over bank flows allows streams to find their own form and generate less ongoing erosion. In California, open stream corridors in recent urban developments have produced recreational open space, irrigation of streamside plantings, and the aesthetic amenity of flowing water.

Bank treatment - The use of armoring, vegetative cover, and flow deflection may be used to influence a channel’s form, stability, and biotic habitat. To prevent bank erosion, armoring can be done with rigid construction materials, such as concrete, masonry, wood planks and logs, riprap, and gabions. Concrete linings have been criticized because of their lack of provision of biotic habitat. In contrast, riprap and gabions make relatively porous and flexible linings.

Boulders, placed in the bed reduce velocity and erosive power.

Riparian vegetation can stabilize the banks of streams that are at or near a condition of equilibrium. Binding networks of roots increase bank shear strength. During flood flows, resilient vegetation is forced into erosion-inhibiting mats. The roughness of vegetation leads to lower velocity, further reducing erosive effects. Structural flow deflection can protect banks from erosion or alter fish habitat. By concentrating flow, a deflector causes a pool to be scoured in the bed.

Geomorphic restoration – Restoration refers to alteration of disturbed streams so their form and behavior emulate those of undisturbed streams. Natural meanders are retained, with grading to gentle slopes on the inside of curves to allow point bars and riffle-pool sequences to develop. Trees are retained to provide scenic quality, biotic productivity, and roots for bank stabilization, supplemented by plantings where necessary.

A restorative approach can be successful where the stream is already approaching equilibrium.

However, if upstream urbanization continues new flow regimes will be generated that could disrupt the equilibrium of the treated system.

Grade Control - A grade control structure is a level shelf of a permanent material, such as stone, masonry, or concrete, over which stream water flows. A grade control structure is called a sill, weir, or drop structure, depending on the relation of its invert elevation to upstream and downstream channels.

A sill is installed at the preexisting channel bed elevation to prevent upstream migration of nick points. It establishes a firm base level below which the upstream channel can not erode.

A weir or check dam is installed with invert above the preexisting bed elevation. A weir raises the local base level of the stream and causes aggradation upstream. The gradient, velocity, and erosive potential of the stream channel are reduced. A drop structure lowers the downstream invert below its preexisting elevation, reducing downstream gradient and velocity. Weirs and drop structure control erosion by dissipating energy and reducing slope velocity.

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When carefully applied, grade control structures can be highly versatile in establishing human and environmental benefits in stabilized channels. To be successful, application of grade control structures should be guided by analysis of the stream system both upstream and downstream from the area to he reclaimed.

Examples
The California Department of Water Resources began the Urban Stream Restoration Program in 1985. The program provides grant funds to municipalities and community groups to implement stream restoration projects. The projects reduce damages from streambank aid watershed instability arid floods while restoring streams’ aesthetic, recreational, and fish and wildlife values.

In Buena Vista Park, upper floodway slopes are gentle and grassed to achieve continuity of usable park land across the channel of small boulders at the base of the slopes.

The San Diego River is a large, vegetative lined channel, which was planted in a variety of species to support riparian wildlife while stabilizing the steep banks of the floodway.

References and Resources
Ferguson, B.K. 1991. Urban Stream Reclamation, p. 324-322, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation.

Los Angeles County Stormwater Quality. Public Agency Activities Model Program. On-line:
http://ladpw.org/wmd/npdes/public_TC.cfm
Model Urban Runoff Program: A How-To Guide for Developing Urban Runoff Programs for Small Municipalities. Prepared by City of Monterey, City of Santa Cruz, California Coastal Commission, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, Woodward-Clyde, Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. July. 1998.

San Diego Stormwater Co-permittees Jurisdictional Urban Runoff Management Program (URMP) Municipal Activities Model Program Guidance. 2001. Project Clean Water.

November.

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1999. Stormwater Management Fact Sheet Non-stormwater Discharges to Storm Sewers. EPA 832-F-99-022. Office of Water, Washington, D.C. September.

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1999. Stormwater O&M Fact Sheet Catch Basin Cleaning. EPA 832-F-99-011. Office of Water, Washington, D.C. September.

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United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations Illegal Dumping Control. On line:
http://www.epa.gov/npdes/menuofbmps/poll_7.htm
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations Storm Drain System Cleaning. On line:
http://www.epa.gov/npdes/menuofbmps/poll_16.htm
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Description
It is important to control litter to eliminate trash and other materials in stormwater runoff. Waste reduction is a major component of waste management and should be encouraged
through training and public outreach. Management of waste once it is collected may involve reuse, recycling, or proper disposal.

Approach
Pollution Prevention
Reuse products when possible.

Encourage recycling programs with recycling bins, used oil collection, etc.

Suggested Protocols
Solid Waste Collection
Implement procedures, where applicable, to collect,
transport, and dispose of solid waste at appropriate disposal facilities in accordance with applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations.

Include properly designed trash storage areas. If feasible provide cover over trash storage areas.

Regularly inspect solid waste containers for structural damage. Repair or replace damaged containers as necessary.

Objectives
Cover
Contain
Educate
Reduce/Reuse

Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients
Trash
Metals
Bacteria
Oil and Grease
Organics
Oxygen Demanding

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Secure solid waste containers; containers must be closed tightly when not in use.

Do not fill waste containers with washout water or any other liquid.

Do not mix wastes; this can cause chemical reactions, make recycling impossible, and complicate disposal.

Refer to SC-34 Waste Handling and Disposal for more information regarding solid waste facilities.

Waste Reduction and Recycling
Recycle wastes whenever possible. Many types of waste can be recycled, recycling options for each waste type are limited. All gasoline, antifreeze, waste oil, and lead-acid batteries can be recycled. Latex and oil-based paint can be reused, as well as recycled. Materials that cannot be reused or recycled should either be incinerated or disposed of at a properly permitted landfill.

Recycling is always preferable to disposal of unwanted materials.

Recycling bins for glass, metal, newspaper, plastic bottles and other recyclable household solid wastes should be provided at public facilities and/or for residential curbside collection.

Controlling Litter
Post “No Littering” signs and enforce anti-litter laws.

Provide litter receptacles in busy, high pedestrian traffic areas of the community, at recreational facilities, and at community events.

Clean out and cover litter receptacles frequently to prevent spillage.

Illegal Dumping
Substances illegally dumped on streets and into the storm drain system and creeks include paints, used oil and other automotive fluids, construction debris, chemicals, fresh concrete, leaves, grass clipping, and pet wastes.

Post “No Dumping” signs with a phone number for reporting dumping and disposal. Signs should also indicate fines and penalties for illegal dumping.

Landscaping and beautification efforts of hot spots might also discourage future dumping.

See SC-74 Drainage System Maintenance, and SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges.

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Requirements
Costs
The costs for a solid waste source control program vary depending on the type of method.

The cost of a community education program or a plan to increase the number of trash receptacles can be very minimal. Costs for structural controls such as trash racks, bar screens, and silt traps can be quite costly ranging from $250,000 to $900,000.

A collection facility or curbside collection for used oil may result in significant costs.

Commercial locations (automobile service stations, quick oil change centers, etc.) as collection points eliminate hauling and recycling costs.

Collection and disposal of hazardous waste can be very expensive and requires trained operators; laboratory and detection equipment; and extensive record keeping including dates, types, and quantities.

Use of volunteer work forces can lower storm drain stenciling program costs. Stenciling kits require procurement of durable/disposable items. The stenciling program can aid in the cataloging of the storm drain system. One municipality from the state of Washington has estimated that stenciling kits cost approximately $50 each. Stencils may cost about $8 each including the die cost on an order of 1,000. Re-orders cost about $1/stencil. Stencil designs may be available from other communities. Stencil kits should be provided on a loan basis to volunteer groups free of charge with the understanding that kit remnants are to be returned.

Maintenance
The primary staff demand for stenciling programs is for program setup to provide marketing and training. Ongoing/follow-up staff time is minimal because of volunteer services.

Staffing requirements are minimal for oil recycling programs if collection/recycling is contracted out to a used oil hauler/recycler or required at commercial locations.

Staff requirements for maintaining good housekeeping BMPs at waste handling sites is minimal.

Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Waste Reduction
An approach to reduce stormwater pollution from waste handling and disposal is to assess activities and reduce waste generation. The assessment is designed to find situations where waste can be eliminated or reduced and emissions and environmental damage can be minimized. The assessment involves collecting process specific information, setting pollution prevention targets, and developing, screening and selecting waste reduction options for further study. Starting a waste reduction program is economically beneficial because of reduced raw material purchases and lower waste disposal fees.

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References and Resources
Best Management Practices Program for Pollution Prevention, City and County of San Francisco, Uribe & Associates, Oakland, California, 1990.

Harvard University. 2002. Solid Waste Container Best Management Practices – Fact Sheet On- Line Resources – Environmental Health and Safety.

Model Urban Runoff Program: A How-To-Guide for Developing Urban Runoff Programs for Small Municipalities. Prepared by City of Monterey, City of Santa Cruz, California Coastal Commission, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, Woodward-Clyde, Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. July 1998. (Revised February 2002 by the California Coastal Commission).

Orange County Stormwater Program
http://www.ocwatersheds.com/StormWater/swp_introduction.asp.

Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 1997 Urban Runoff Management Plan. September 1997, updated October 2000.

Water & Sewer Utility Maintenance SC-76
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Description
Although the operation and maintenance of public utilities are not considered chronic sources of stormwater pollution, some activities and accidents can result in the discharge of pollutants that can pose a threat to both human health and the quality of receiving waters if they enter the storm drain system. Sewage incident response and investigation may involve a coordinated effort between staff from a number of different
departments/agencies. Cities that do not provide maintenance of water and sewer utilities must coordinate with the contracting agency responsible for these activities and ensure that these model procedures are followed.

Approach
Pollution Prevention
Inspect potential non-stormwater discharge flow paths and clear/cleanup any debris or pollutants found (i.e. remove trash, leaves, sediment, and wipe up liquids, including oil spills).

Suggested Protocols
Water Line Maintenance and Cleaning
Procedures can be employed to reduce pollutants from
discharges associated with water utility operation and
maintenance activities. Planned discharges may include fire hydrant testing, flushing water supply mains after new
construction, flushing lines due to complaints of taste and odor, dewatering mains for maintenance work. Unplanned discharges from treated, recycled water, raw water, and groundwater systems operation and maintenance activities can occur from water main Objectives
Contain
Educate
Reduce/Minimize

Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients
Trash
Metals
Bacteria

Oil and Grease
Organics
Oxygen Demanding

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breaks, sheared fire hydrants, equipment malfunction, and operator error.

Planned discharges
Identify a suitable discharge option in the following order of preference:

Apply to the land.

Reuse water for dust suppression, irrigation, or construction compaction.

Discharge to a sanitary sewer system with approval.

Discharge to the storm drain system using applicable pollution control measures. (Only available to clean water discharges such as water main/ water storage tank/water hydrant flushing).

If water is discharged to a storm drain, control measures must be put in place to control potential pollutants (i.e. sediment, chlorine, etc.). Examples of some storm drain protection options include:

Silt fence – appropriate where the inlet drains a relatively flat area.

Gravel and wire mesh sediment filter – Appropriate where concentrated flows are expected.

Wooden weir and fabric – use at curb inlets where a compact installation is desired.

Prior to discharge, inspect discharge flow path and clear/cleanup any debris or pollutants found (i.e. remove trash, leaves, sediment, and wipe up liquids, including oil spills).

General Design considerations for inlet protection devices include the following:

The device should be constructed such that cleaning and disposal of trapped sediment is made easy, while minimizing interference with discharge activities.

Devices should be constructed so that any standing water resulting from the discharge will not cause excessive inconvenience or flooding/damage to adjacent land or structures.

The effectiveness of control devices must be monitored during the discharge period and any necessary repairs or modifications made.

Unplanned Discharges
Stop the discharge as quickly as possible.

Inspect flow path of the discharged water:

Identify erodible areas which may need to be repaired or protected during subsequent repairs or corrective actions
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Identify the potential for pollutants to be washed into the waterway If repairs or corrective action will cause additional discharges of water, select the appropriate procedures for erosion control, chlorine residual, turbidity, and chemical additives. Prevent potential pollutants from entering the flow path.

Sanitary Sewer Maintenance
Applicable to municipalities who own and operated a sewage collection system. Facilities that are covered under this program include sanitary sewer pipes and pump stations owned and operated by a municipality. The owner of the sanitary sewer facilities is the entity responsible for carrying out this prevention and response program.

Clean sewer lines on a regular basis to remove grease, grit, and other debris that may lead to sewer backups.

Establish routine maintenance program. Cleaning should be conducted at an established minimum frequency and more frequently for problem areas such as restaurants that are identified
Cleaning activities may require removal of tree roots and other identified obstructions.

During routine maintenance and inspection note the condition of sanitary sewer structures and identify areas that need repair or maintenance. Items to note may include the following:

Cracked/deteriorating pipes
Leaking joints/seals at manhole
Frequent line plugs
Line generally flows at or near capacity
Suspected infiltration or exfiltration.

Prioritize repairs based on the nature and severity of the problem. Immediate clearing of blockage or repair is required where an overflow is currently occurring or for urgent problems that may cause an imminent overflow (e.g. pump station failures, sewer line ruptures, sewer line blockages). These repairs may be temporary until scheduled or capital improvements can be completed.

Review previous sewer maintenance records to help identify “hot spots” or areas with frequent maintenance problems and locations of potential system failure.

Spills and Overflows
Identify and track sanitary sewer discharges. Identify dry weather infiltration and inflow first. Wet weather overflow connections are very difficult to locate.

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Locate wet weather overflows and leaking sanitary sewers using conventional source identification techniques such as monitoring and field screening. Techniques used to identify other illicit connection sources can also be used for sewer system evaluation surveys (see SC74 Drainage System Operation and Maintenance).

Implement community awareness programs for monitoring sanitary sewer wet weather overflows. A citizen’s hotline for reporting observed overflow conditions should be established to supplement field screening efforts.

Establish lead department/agency responsible for spill response and containment. Provide coordination within departments.

When a spill, leak, and/or overflow occurs and when disinfecting a sewage contaminated area, take every effort to ensure that the sewage, disinfectant and/or sewage treated with the disinfectant is not discharged to the storm drain system or receiving waters. Methods may include:

Blocking storm drain inlets and catch basins
Containing and diverting sewage and disinfectant away from open channels and other storm drain fixtures (using sandbags, inflatable dams, etc.) Removing the material with vacuum equipment
Record required information at the spill site.

Perform field tests as necessary to determine the source of the spill.

Develop notification procedures regarding spill reporting.

Septic Systems
Ensure that homeowners, installers, and inspectors are educated in proper maintenance of septic systems. This may require coordination with staff from other departments. Outreach to homeowners should include inspection reminders informing then that inspection and perhaps maintenance is due for their systems. Recommend that the system be inspected annually and pumped-out regularly.

Programs which seek to address failing septic systems should consider using field screening to pinpoint areas where more detailed onsite inspection surveys are warranted.

Training
Conduct annual training of water utility personnel and service contractors. (field screening, sampling, smoke/dye testing, TV inspection).

OSHA-required Health and Safety Training 29 CFR 1910.120 plus annual Refresher Training (as needed).

OSHA Confined Space Entry training (Cal-OSHA Confined Space, Title 8 and federal OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146).

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Spill Response and Prevention
See previous section regarding spills and overflows.

Refer to SC-11, Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup.

Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location.

Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible.

Properly dispose of spill cleanup material.

Other Considerations
Enact ordinance granting “right-of-entry” to locate potentially responsible parties for sewer overflows.

Reliance on individual onsite inspection to detect failed septic systems can be a major limitation. The individual onsite inspection is very labor-intensive and requires access to private property to pinpoint the exact location of the failing system.

A significant limitation to correcting failing septic systems is the lack of techniques available for detecting individual failed septic systems.

Requirements
Costs
Departmental cooperation recommended for sharing or borrowing staff resources and equipment from municipal wastewater department.

Infiltration, inflow, and wet weather overflows from sanitary sewers are very labor and equipment intensive to locate.

The costs associated with detecting and correcting septic system failures are subject to a number of factors, including availability of trained personnel, cost of materials, and the level of follow-up required to fix the system problems.

Maintenance
Minimum 2-person teams to perform field screening and associated sampling.

Larger teams required for implementing other techniques (i.e. zinc chloride smoke testing, fluorometric dye testing, television camera inspection and physical inspection with confined space entry) to identify sewer system leaks.

Program coordination required for handling emergencies, record keeping, etc.

Many of the problems associated with improper use of septic systems may be attributed to lack of user knowledge on operation and maintenance. Educational materials for homeowners and training courses for installers and inspectors can reduce the incidence of pollution from these widespread and commonly used pollution control devices.

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Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Onsite Sewage Disposal Systems
New onsite sewage disposal systems should be designed, located, and installed away from open waterbodies and sensitive resources such as wetlands and floodplains. A protective separation between the OSDS and groundwater should also be established. OSDSs should be operated and maintained to prevent surface water discharges and reduce pollutant loadings to groundwater.

Inspection of OSDSs should occur regularly and repairs made immediately. New or replacement plumbing fixtures should be of the high efficiency type.

Typical Sanitary Sewer Problems
Old and deteriorated main and lateral pipes - Sewers range in age from 30 to 100 years with an average age of 50 years.

Cracked sewer pipes - Existing sewers are mostly clay pipes which can crack as they deteriorate with age and also by earth movement.

Misaligned and open pipe joints - Most of the mortar used to seal the joints between sections of clay pipe has deteriorated.

Undersized sewer pipe - The existing sewer system is overloaded due to new sewer hook- ups, underground water infiltration, and illegal roof and/or yard drain connections.

Defective manholes - Old manholes are made of bricks. Typical problems associated with brick manholes are loose bricks, missing bricks, and misaligned manholes.

Missing and/or unrecorded sewer pipes and manholes - This problem is typical in the easement/backline sewer. Sewer pipe locations shown on the sewer record map are different from the actual sewer location.

Sewer main under houses and other improvements - Complaints of sewer main alignment crossing the house and other improvements. A solution to this problem requires an agreement with the property owner for a new sewer easement at a relocated line.

Causes of Sanitary Sewer Backups
Root infiltration - Tree roots are a major cause of backups.

Water inflow/infiltration - Rain water entering the sewer pipe causes overflows.

Solids - Typical solids that buildup in the pipe and cause backups are grease, dirt, bones, tampons, paper towels, diapers, broken dishware, garbage, concrete, and debris.

Structural defects in pipes and manholes - Sags in the line, cracks, holes, protruding laterals, misaligned pipe, offset joints are all possible causes of backups.

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Design Considerations
Sanitary sewer overflows can often be reduced or eliminated by a number of practices, in addition to sewer system cleaning and maintenance, including the following:

Reducing infiltration and inflow through rehabilitation and repair of broken or leaking sewer lines.

Enlarging or upgrading the capacity of sewer lines, pump stations, or sewage treatment plants.

Constructing wet weather storage and treatment facilities to treat excess flows.

Addressing SSOs during sewer system master planning and facilities planning.

Septic Systems
Two field screening techniques that have been used with success at identifying possible locations of failing septic systems are the brightener test and color infrared (CIR) aerial photography. The first involves the use of specific phosphorus-based elements found in many laundry products, often called brighteners, as an indicator of the presence of failing onsite wastewater systems.

The second technique uses color infrared (CIR) aerial photography to characterize the performance of septic systems. This method has been found to be a quick and cost-effective method for assessing the potential impacts of failing systems and uses variations in vegetative growth or stress patterns over septic system field lines to identify those systems that may potentially be malfunctioning. Then a more detailed onsite visual and physical inspection will confirm whether the system has truly failed and the extent of the repairs needed. These inspections may be carried out by county health departments or other authorized personnel.

References and Resources
Alameda Countywide Clean Water Program on-line
http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/pw/Storm/stormala.html
Los Angeles County Stormwater Quality. Public Agency Activities Model Program. On-line:
http://ladpw.org/wmd/npdes/public_TC.cfm
Orange County Stormwater Program
http://www.ocwatersheds.com/StormWater/swp_introduction.asp Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 1997 Urban Runoff Management Plan. September 1997, updated October 2000.

Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 1998. Water Utility Operation and Maintenance Discharge Pollution Prevention Plan. June United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2001. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination. On-line: http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/illi_1.cfm SC-76 Water & Sewer Utility Maintenance
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United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2001. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operators Septic System Controls. On-line:
http://www.epa.gov/npdes/menuofbmps/poll_14.htm

Murrieta City CouncilMay 20, 2025

Murrieta City Council
May 20, 2025