ƒ
STRATEGIC PLAN
TO ADDRESS
HOMELESSNESS
NAPA CITY-COUNTY CONTINUUM OF CARE
"Napa in the Fall", by Brocken Inaglory under a Creative Commons License
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1 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................3 Why a Strategic Plan? ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 Five Goals to Address Homelessness: .....................................................................................................4 Methodology ..............................................................................................................................................5 Community Research .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Community Feedback Collection ........................................................................................................................ 5 Napa County’s Homeless System of Care ...............................................................................................7 Defining the System of Care ............................................................................................................................... 7 Governance Structure ......................................................................................................................................... 7 The Napa City and County Continuum of Care .................................................................................................................. 7 Napa County Homelessness and Housing Services Division ............................................................................................. 8 History of Strategic Planning in Napa ................................................................................................................................ 8 Funding for Homeless Services .......................................................................................................................... 9 Programs Provided.............................................................................................................................................. 9 Key Definitions ................................................................................................................................................................ 11 Systems and Information ................................................................................................................................................. 12 Temporary Housing ......................................................................................................................................................... 12 Permanent Housing......................................................................................................................................................... 12 Other Specialized Housing Not Dedicated to People Experiencing Homelessness .......................................................... 12 Overview of Who is Experiencing Homelessness ..................................................................................13 Point-in-Time Data ............................................................................................................................................ 15 Homeless Management Information System Data ........................................................................................... 18 Homeless SystemS Gaps Analysis .........................................................................................................19 Causes of Homelessness ................................................................................................................................. 20 Inflow Into the System ....................................................................................................................................... 21 Shelter and Housing Interventions Provided .................................................................................................... 23 Barriers to Housing............................................................................................................................................ 25 Exits from Homelessness .................................................................................................................................. 26 System Exits to Permanent Housing Destinations by Subpopulation (2021) .................................................................... 28 Returns to Homelessness ................................................................................................................................. 28 Special populations ........................................................................................................................................... 29 Families with Children ..................................................................................................................................................... 29 Older Adults .................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Unaccompanied Youth .................................................................................................................................................... 30 ATTACHMENT 1
2 Race/Ethnicity ................................................................................................................................................................. 31 Limited English Proficiency .............................................................................................................................................. 32 Persons who are Undocumented .................................................................................................................................... 32 Chronic Homelessness ................................................................................................................................................... 33 Domestic Violence .......................................................................................................................................................... 33 Persons who have been Convicted of a Crime ................................................................................................................ 34 Persons with Disabilities .................................................................................................................................................. 35 LGBTQ............................................................................................................................................................................ 36 People Exiting Institutions ................................................................................................................................................ 37 Napa City-County Continuum of Care Strategic Plan: Goals and Strategies ........................................38 Goal 1: Expand access to p ermanent housing, includ ing p ermanent supportive housing, rapid rehousing, and other housing opportunities, for people experiencing or a t risk of homelessness ................................ ................................ ............... 39 Goal 2: Prevent household s from b ecoming homeless for the first time, a nd rapidly rehouse newly homeless household s ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 41 Goal 3: Expand access to a nd quality of servic es for people experienc ing homelessness in Napa County ..................... 42 Goal 4: Build upon cross -sy stem partnership s and collab ora tions to target and serve a ll peop le experiencing homelessness in Napa County ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 43 Goal 5: Ensure that D iversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging are core consid erations in p rogram d evelopment, service d elivery, governanc e, and tha t all mem bers of the community have equa l access to the sy stem care ............. 44
Appendix I: Current Programs in
Napa…………………………..…………………………………………………….………………………..…46
Appendix II: Homeless Housing, Assistance, and Prevention Round 3 Homeless Action Plan Tables……………………………………………………………………………..…………..………………..45
Appendix III: 2022 Napa Community Survey Results……………………………….…..………………...59
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3 INTRODUCTION
Homelessness is a crisis that impacts an entire community. It is an issue that is both highly visible when people are unsheltered in our public spaces, and often hidden for vulnerable groups like families, youth, seniors, and people experiencing or with a history of domestic violence. The Napa community has worked collaboratively and implemented innovative solutions to connect those in need to housing and the supports needed to obtain and maintain it, but there is still much work to be done to ensure homelessness is rare, brief, and non- recurring. Addressing homelessness will require a united front and a focus on proven, evidence-based solutions, considering both short-term and long-term effects.
The Napa Continuum of Care and staff from the City and County of Napa initiated this 2022 Strategic Plan to Address Homelessness. The plan aims to provide the homeless system of care and the greater Napa community with a shared context of how people are experiencing homelessness, detail strengths and gaps in the existing system of care, and recommend goals and strategies to guide improvement efforts at the program, City, County, and community levels. It is meant to address the needs of the entire geography of Napa County, including all cities, incorporated areas, and unincorporated areas, and provide guidance for all stakeholders in the community. It represents input across all sectors and areas within the Napa community, including service providers, business leaders, City and County staff, and people with experiences of homelessness.
Why a Strategic Plan?
Strategic planning is an important process that builds consensus on goals, facilitates group prioritization of key actions, fosters creative and collaborative problem-solving, and provides a platform to consider resource needs and opportunities. Strategic plans are central to qualifying for the funding that sustains large portions of the homeless response system operating throughout Napa. Having an intentional, collective plan for responding to homelessness will better position the entire Napa community and those with a stake in addressing homelessness to pursue funding and other resources to build system capacity to better respond to our current crisis.
This strategic plan will:
• Lay out a research-informed overview of the current landscape of homelessness, and detail demographics and trends
• Describe the system of care, its programs, funding, governing bodies, and provide an analysis of gaps in the system
• Recommend goals and strategies, informed by community leaders and local data, to address identified gaps and guide system improvement
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4 FIVE GOALS TO ADDRESS HOMELESSNESS:
The following goals represent communitywide feedback on how to reach the larger community goal of making homelessness for individuals and families in Napa County rare, brief, and nonrecurring. They are intended to guide the Napa Continuum of Care’s (CoC) planning efforts to work towards a mutual shared interest and represent set of recommendations that will have to be adapted to address a dynamic and complex issue. Achieving these goals will require funding and cross-system alignment.
Through an extensive community feedback process, the community has identified the following key goals meant to anchor community planning efforts:
Expand access to permanent
housing, including permanent
supportive housing, rapid rehousing,
and other housing opportunities, for
people experiencing or at risk of
homelessness
Prevent households from becoming
homeless for the first time, and
rapidly rehouse newly homeless
households
Expand access to and quality of
services for people experiencing
homelessness in Napa County
Build upon cross-system
partnerships and collaborations to
target and serve all people
experiencing homelessness in Napa
County
Ensure that Diversity, Equity,
Inclusion, and Belonging are core
considerations in program
development and that all members of
the community have equitable access
to care
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5 METHODOLOGY
Napa1 began the 2022 strategic planning process by establishing a steering committee of homeless system leaders to guide the planning process. To collect robust data and feedback from the community for this strategic plan, Napa County retained Homebase, a California nonprofit organization with more than 30 years assisting communities in implementing best practices to address homelessness, to assist with feedback collection, data analysis, and plan drafting. To collect meaningful data and feedback, Homebase engaged in a multipart engagement and information collection process.
Community Research
The homeless system of care overlaps with a number of other systems, including medical, behavioral health, housing, and social and economic systems, each of which conduct data analysis and prepare reports.
Homebase performed a review of those existing reports, data, and research about the Napa region and the health and economic well-being of the community, including homelessness and the system of care.
Reports and Community Information Reviewed:
• Adventist Health St. Helena & Vallejo 2019 Community Health Needs Assessment • Napa County Mental Health Services Act Three Year Plan for FY 20-21 to FY 22-23. • 2021 Continuum of Care Collaborative Application
• City of Napa Community Development Department, City of Napa Annual Plan 2021-2022 • City of Napa 2020-2025 Consolidated Plan
• Napa Continuum of Care, “Update of the Napa Plan to End Homelessness,” October 2018. • California Housing Partnership, Napa County 2021 Affordable Housing Needs Report Data Collected and Analyzed:
• Point-In-Time (PIT) data
• Housing Element Annual Performance Reports (APRs)
• Housing Inventory Count (HIC) data
• Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) data
o Includes Longitudinal Systems Analysis (LSA), System Performance Measures (SPM), and Stella data
• Coordinated Entry System data
• State of California’s Homeless Data Information System • Census American Community Survey data
• US Bureau of Labor Statics Consumer Price Index data
• Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) and HCD Annual Progress Report data
Community Feedback Collection
In addition to analyzing existing data and reports, Homebase facilitated surveys, focus groups, and interviews to solicit feedback from people experiencing homelessness, local government and nonprofit leaders, homeless service providers, and community members. The feedback collected included:
1 This plan will refer to the Napa community and community partners who engaged in this planning process or who are partners in the system of care collectively as “Napa”; and refer to specific Napa partners by City of Napa, Napa County, and Napa CoC.
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6 • 347 responses from community members who completed the strategic plan community survey (available in English, Spanish, hard copy and online); • One focus group for people currently experiencing homelessness who have engaged with local homeless outreach, emergency shelter, and/or transitional housing programs;
• One focus group for people with lived experience of homelessness residing in permanent supportive housing and rapid rehousing programs; • Two focus groups for providers and community partners serving people experiencing homelessness; and
• Nine individual and group interviews with key stakeholders and community leaders.
We are grateful for all the people, agencies, organizations, and community who provided feedback though surveys and focus groups. We are also grateful for the leadership and staff at following organizations, who provided diverse input, feedback, and ideas though our feedback processes and steering committee participation:
• Abode Services
• Bay Area Legal Aid
• Buckelew Programs
• Burbank Housing
• CARE Network/ Queen of the Valley
Medical Center
• Catholic Charities
• City of Napa
• Commission on Aging
• Community Health Initiative Napa County
• Cope Family Center
• County of Napa Probation Department
• County of Napa, Housing and Homeless
Services
• Fair Housing Napa Valley
• First 5 Napa
• Housing Authority of the City of Napa
• LGBTQ Connection
• Mentis
• Napa Commission on Aging
• Napa County Adult Protective Services
• Napa County Drug and Alcohol Services
• Napa County Mental Health
• Napa County Office of Education
• Napa County Self Sufficiency Programs
• Napa Police Department
• Napa Valley College
• Napa Valley Community Housing
• Nation’s Finest
• NEWS
• OLE Health
• Progress Foundation
• Puertas Abiertas Community Resource
Center
• San Francisco Veteran Affairs Health Care
System
• Satellite Affordable Housing Associates
• Up Valley Family Center
• VOICES Youth Center
13 Individual and
Group Interviews
347 Survey
Responses
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7 NAPA COUNTY’S HOMELESS SYSTEM OF
CARE
Defining the System of Care
“Homeless system of care” refers to the network of funders, governance structures, providers (services, housing, and shelter), and other community organizations and stakeholders that respond to homelessness in a given area, and the emergency response structures that are put in place to allocate resources and prioritize limited services in the community (e.g., coordinated entry). Napa’s system of care consists of County, City, and community-based resources, and leverages a combination of local, state federal, and private funds. This section provides a high-level overview of the governance structure, funding sources, and programs that comprise the homeless system of care and context for the goals and strategies established by the plan. This overview does not reflect every community effort or funding source that impacts the homeless system.
Governance Structure
The Napa City and County Continuum of Care
The Napa City & County Continuum of Care (CoC) is the key governance structure responsible for making recommendations, aligning funding, and carrying out additional activities related to homelessness across the county. Communities that receive certain types of federal and state homeless assistance funding, including funding through HUD’s Continuum of Care Program, are mandated to create CoCs. The key roles and responsibilities of the CoC are outlined in state and federal regulations. The CoC consists of a Continuum of Care Board and general membership body with representation from housing and homelessness service providers and community representatives, with a focus on individuals and organizations involved in the homeless system of care.
The Napa City and County CoC serves the following purposes:
1. Applies for and prioritizes use of state and federal funding under the purview of the CoC and ensures funding is used effectively and efficiently.
2. Develops systemwide policies for the Coordinated Entry System and the Homeless Management Information System.
3. Makes recommendations on the homeless services system of care and develops goals and strategies for participating agencies, such as local governments, community-based organizations, and health care systems, to consider when implementing programs.
4. Engages in system planning and evaluates system performance.
5. Identifies areas of advocacy and community organization for participating agencies.
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8 CoC membership includes leadership and participation from a variety of regional stakeholders including:
• Affordable Housing
Developers
• Agencies serving
survivors of human
trafficking
• Community and legal
services advocates
• Disability Advocates and
Service Organizations
• Homeless Youth
Organizations
• Hospitals
• Law Enforcement
• LGBTQ Advocates and
Service Organizations
• Local Government Staff
• Local Jails
• Mental Health
Advocates
• Mental Health Providers
• People with lived
experience of
homelessness
• Public Housing
Authorities
• Primary Healthcare
Providers
• School Administrators
• Street Outreach Teams
• Substance Abuse
Service Providers
• Victim Service Providers
• Youth Advocates
• Youth Service Providers
Napa County Homelessness and Housing Services Division
The Napa County Housing & Homeless Services Division coordinates County initiatives and activities with the cities and other jurisdictions within the County. The Division oversees the County’s housing and homeless response systems. Napa County Housing and Homeless Services serves as the designated Collaborative Applicant for the Continuum of Care and is responsible for coordinating and facilitating the Continuum of Care, Continuum of Care Board, and Continuum of Care working groups; coordinating the Point-in-Time Count; coordinating and facilitating strategic planning for the Continuum of Care; and monitoring CoC-funded projects.
The Division is also the designated Lead Agency for HMIS, which collects and reports data on homelessness in Napa County, and is responsible for the administration, management, and operation of HMIS implementation.
History of Strategic Planning in Napa
For the last 17 years, community efforts to reduce homelessness in Napa have been guided by strategic planning processes that identify shared goals, strategies, and action steps that are based on local data, community research, and best practices. These planning efforts have been led by Napa County and the Napa City and County Continuum of Care (CoC). The Napa CoC is a community-based governing structure mandated by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and is responsible for making recommendations, aligning funding, and carrying out additional activities related to homelessness across the county. The CoC promotes communitywide commitment to the goal of ensuring homelessness for individuals and families is rare, brief, and non-recurring.
In 2005, Napa developed its first strategic plan to address homelessness, Napa County’s 10-Year Plan to End Homelessness.2 In 2016, the Napa Continuum of Care (CoC) and City and County of Napa recognized the need to revise the plan to reflect community needs and progress. The Napa CoC and City and County of Napa completed a comprehensive analysis of the homeless system and developed new strategies to meet the needs of the homeless population, and updated those findings and strategies in 2018, resulting in the 2018 “Napa Homeless Plan Update.”
2 This planning process builds on the assessment and planning work of the strategic planning process that culminated in the 2002 report, Reducing Homelessness in Napa County: Needs, Trends, Solutions.
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9 Since 2018, the Napa community has fully implemented many of the objectives set in the Homeless Plan Update. Among other accomplishments, the community has fully implemented the coordinated entry system, increasing capacity to rapidly connect homeless individuals with housing. Napa partners have redesigned the shelter system to be more accessible to the most vulnerable and navigate them to permanent housing. The community has leveraged new funding sources to expand the pool of affordable housing dedicated to people experiencing homeless. In addition, the homeless system of care has evolved in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and effectively deployed new state, federal, and local funding sources dedicated to addressing homelessness. The homeless system of care has also recognized the need to develop community-level strategies and action steps to eliminate inequities for people in underserved communities and people of color experiencing homelessness. In March 2022, due to these changes and the need to set a course for the future, the Napa CoC and City and County of Napa embarked on the process of creating a new Strategic Plan to Address Homelessness.
Funding for Homeless Services
Napa County homeless services are supported by braiding federal, state, local, and private funding streams.
Appendix II provides detailed information on each funding source, the investment it provides, and the inventions and populations it supports. Much of the funding that supports the homeless system is state-level funding administered through California Housing and Community Development (HCD), California Interagency Council on Homelessness, and California Department of Social Services. Napa County also receives a substantial portion of funding from the federal government. The bulk of federal funding received is from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), including funding for 280-plus housing vouchers dedicated to households who are homeless or at risk of homelessness. Additional federal funding is administered by the Department of Veteran Affairs and the Department of Treasury. Finally, additional funds supporting homeless services are contributed directly from City of Napa and Napa County general funds and from private foundations.
Over the past two years, the homeless system of care rapidly adapted and expanded to meet the unprecedented public health and housing needs of people experiencing or at risk of homelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic. The state invested $36.8 million into Napa’s homeless system through programs including Project Homekey, Project Roomkey, Emergency Solutions Grants – CARES, and the California COVID-19 Rent Relief Program (ERAP). The Napa homeless system of care received an investment of $5.5 million in Coronavirus Fiscal Recovery Funds from the federal government. In addition to state and federal funds, Napa County has received additional investments from local private funders. Napa has utilized this funding to meet the increased needs of homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. These funding streams collectively fund diversion and homeless prevention, safe non-congregate emergency shelter and interim housing, emergency shelter improvement and expansion to meet public health needs, rapid rehousing expansion, and permanent housing development. State and federal regulations dictate which governing bodies administer these programs for the Napa community. Programs are generally allocated to and administered by the State, County, City, or Continuum of Care. These governing bodies may provide programs directly or collaborate with other community agencies to braid funding streams and provide a comprehensive range of programs and services tailored to the needs of people experiencing homelessness.
Programs Provided
Local government and community agencies deploy the funding streams described in the paragraph above to provide a comprehensive range of programs and services tailored to the needs of people experiencing homelessness. A non-exhaustive list of Napa community resources and agencies providing services to individuals experiencing homeless or at risk of homelessness is provided in Appendix I. This table provides a high-level overview of key programs and services currently serving the Napa community.
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10 Services available to people experiencing homelessness in Napa include:
• Homeless Prevention and Referral Services
• Housing Navigation
• Outreach and Drop-In Services
• Emergency Shelter
• Transitional Housing
• Permanent Supportive Housing
• Rapid Rehousing
• Housing dedicated to people experiencing
homelessness
• Care Coordination & Case Management
• Healthcare
• Behavioral Healthcare
• Employment Services
• Criminal Justice Diversion and Reentry
Services
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11 Key Definitions
Definitions of key terms are provided below. These definitions are used across the homeless system of care and are consistent with definitions used by HUD.
HOMELESSNESS as defined by HUD includes individuals and families:
• Living in a supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designated to provide temporary living arrangement, or
• With a primary nighttime residence that is a public or private place not designed for or ordinarily used as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings, including a car, park, abandoned building, bus or train station, airport, or camping ground.
CHRONICALLY HOMELESS PERSON is defined as:
1. Is homeless and lives in a place not meant for human habitation, a safe haven, or an emergency shelter;
2. Has been homeless and living or residing in a place not meant for human habitation, a safe haven, or an emergency shelter continuously for at least one year or on at least four separate occasions in the last three years where the combined length of time homeless in those occasions is at least twelve months; and
3. Has a disability.
DISABILITY is defined as an individual with one or more of the following conditions:
1. A physical, mental, or emotional impairment, including an impairment caused by alcohol or drug abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder, or brain injury that:
a. Is expected to be long-continuing or of indefinite duration; b. Substantially impedes the individual's ability to live independently; and c. Could be improved by the provision of more suitable housing conditions.
2. A developmental disability, as defined in section 102 of the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (42 U. S. C. 15002); or
3. The disease of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) or any condition arising from the etiologic agency for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
People experiencing homelessness are identified as either unsheltered or sheltered:
• An UNSHELTERED individual is one whose primary nighttime residence is place not designed for or used as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings, including cars, parks, abandoned buildings, bus and train stations, airports, and camping grounds. • A SHELTERED individual is one living in a supervised shelter designated to provide temporary living arrangements (including congregate shelters, safe havens, transitional housing, and hotels and motels paid for by charitable organizations or by federal, state, or local government programs for low-income individuals).
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12 Systems and Information
Coordinated Entry System (CES) - The community process developed to ensure that all people experiencing a housing crisis have fair and equitable access to housing and that the most vulnerable are quickly identified, assessed for, referred, and connected to housing and assistance based on their strengths and needs.
Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) - A state- and federally mandated local information technology system used to collect client-level data and data on the provision of housing and services to homeless individuals and families and persons at risk of homelessness.
Temporary Housing
Emergency Shelter (ES)- Provides beds for homeless single adults and families, and often includes meals, showers, case management support, and connections to Coordinated Entry System and other services.
Transitional Housing (TH) - Provides temporary housing accommodations and supportive services for up to 24 months, with the goal of the participant moving on to permanent housing after the program concludes.
Rapid Rehousing (RRH) - Provides housing subsidies and supportive services for up for 24 months, with the goal of helping people transition to self-sufficiency and retain their housing unit independently.
Permanent Housing
Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH) - Provides long-term housing with intensive supportive services to persons with disabilities.
Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) Program - The Housing Choice Voucher program (section 8) provides housing subsidies that are not time limited to assist very low-income families, the elderly, and the disabled in affording housing. Many of these vouchers are set aside for people experiencing homelessness through special purpose voucher programs and other initiatives.
Other Specialized Housing Not Dedicated to People Experiencing Homelessness
Affordable Senior Housing – describes a housing complex that is dedicated to serving older adults, and offers reduced or subsidized rent to low-income households.
Board and Care - Licensed residential care facilities for people with special needs that provide intensive support and assistance with daily living.
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13 OVERVIEW OF WHO IS EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) requires communities to collect and report data on homelessness through several means. Each of these data sets and reporting systems provide different insights into people experiencing homelessness in the community. For example, annual Point-in-Time Counts (PIT) provide a snapshot estimate at one point in time, on a per-person level. Comparatively, data collected through the Homeless Management and Information System (HMIS), a database used by all programs administering federal and state funds targeted to people experiencing homelessness, can provide cumulative data that reveals more about the demographics and experiences of people accessing the system over time. System Performance Measures (SPMs), which use both sets of data, can show how the system is doing overall on a variety of performance metrics including how many people are engaging the homeless system of care for the first time, the average amount of time people remain homeless before being connected to housing, and where people are going after they exit programs.
For this report, three principal data sources were used to analyze Napa County’s population of people experiencing homelessness. Key data points can be viewed in the table below.
1. The annual Point-in-Time Count (PIT), which provides a snapshot estimate of the population and general characteristics of people experiencing homelessness during a single 24-hour period in January.
2. Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) data, which is entered by homeless service providers operating emergency shelter, street outreach, transitional housing, rapid rehousing, and permanent supportive housing programs and provides individual level data of people who received shelter or housing services. HMIS data includes the universe of people served by participating programs and can be analyzed over a period of time, allowing for a better understanding of total clients served, rather than providing a snapshot. For this plan, the HMIS data analyzed and discussed was reviewed over a three-year period (from 2018 to 2021) and includes an analysis of HUD-mandated System Performance Measures (SPM) and Longitudinal Systems Analysis (LSA) data, which are sources of information for tracking system performance that come from HMIS data. a. Longitudinal Systems Analysis (LSA) data is household-level data from HMIS and can be displayed through HUD’s data visualization program Stella. It provides an analysis that illustrates how individual households and families move through the homeless system of care, year after year. This data allows the reviewer to view HMIS data at a household level, as opposed to an individual or system level.
b. System Performance Measures (SPM) are systems-level data points from HMIS that can be viewed in standardized reports that are submitted to HUD. SPMs shows how the homeless system of care is performing overall and can reveal larger trends for the entire system, as opposed to the individual or household level.
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14 c. Homeless Data Integration System (HDIS) data, which includes data submitted from all California Continuums of Care (CoCs) to the state, can track trends and service use across and between communities. HDIS captures a year-long count of people experiencing homelessness who have accessed services, including shelter, housing, and other triages and assessments. It can show movement and interactions between local homeless response systems and communities. accessed services, including shelter, housing, and other triages and assessments. It can show movement and interactions between local homeless response systems and communities.
464
Number of people counted as
experiencing homelessness on a
single night during the annual
January Point-in-Time Count on
January 24, 2020
759
Number of unique individuals
served by the homeless system
of care in shelter and housing
projects during FY 2021
65%
Percentage of people during the
annual Point-in-Time Count living
unsheltered (streets, cars,
encampments, etc.)
42%
Percentage of households
interacting with the system of
care for the first time in FY 2021
98%
Percentage of individuals who
resided in Napa or a neighboring
County when they became
homeless
11%
Percentage of Families being
served by the system of care in
FY 2021
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15 Point-in-Time Data
On a single day at the end of January, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) requires each Continuum of Care (CoC) to conduct a census of people who are experiencing sheltered and unsheltered homelessness. Known as the Point-in-Time (PIT) count, this census is used by HUD and the local community to get a snapshot understanding of homelessness. In Napa, City and County staff, law enforcement, volunteers, and other service providers and community leaders conduct this count annually in the early morning across the geographic area of Napa County. The count gives information on the number of and demographics of individuals and families residing in sheltered situations like emergency shelters and transitional housing, as well as in unsheltered places like streets or sidewalks, cars, abandoned buildings, parks, and other areas generally not meant for human habitation.
Although a full count of sheltered and unsheltered people is mandated by HUD only every other year, a full count is conducted in Napa each year. Since PIT counts typically have a consistent and standardized way they are conducted, they provide a year-over-year comparison, including for people who may be living in unsheltered situations that may not be tracked elsewhere. However, due to restrictions caused by the COVID- 19 pandemic in 2021, the most recently available sheltered and unsheltered count information comes from 2020.
In 2018 and 2019, the Napa PIT total remained relatively consistent with only some shifts between demographic groups and subpopulations. Most notably, the number of people reporting a serious mental illness increased 15% between the years and the number of transition-aged youth (those who are ages 18-24) increased to 25 from 16. In 2020, the PIT total increased 44%, in part due to changes in the way Napa conducted its count, which resulted in a more comprehensive and accurate result that more closely aligned with system of care data. In total, 464 people were counted in sheltered and unsheltered living conditions in 2020 as compared to 322 total counted in 2019, with continued increases in the number of people reporting chronically homeless status (40% increase) and serious mental illness (62% increase). In the chart below, a comparison can be seen between the 2018, 2019, and 2020 PIT counts for sheltered, unsheltered, chronically homeless, veterans, and unaccompanied youth.
0 50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
2018 PIT 2019 PIT 2020 PIT
Point-in-Time Comparison in Napa
Chronically Homeless Veterans Unaccompanied Youth
Serious Mental Illness Total Sheltered
Unsheltered
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16 As the chart shows, the primary driver of increases in the 2020 Napa count was the increase of unsheltered individuals, representing a 102% increase in the number of unsheltered individuals counted in 2019. In part, this increase could have been due to significant changes to the PIT methodology which better counted unsheltered individuals, and better aligned PIT data to be reflective of who is served over time in HMIS.
However, data from across California also shows increases in the numbers of people experiencing homelessness.
From 2017 to 2020, the number of people experiencing homelessness across California increased by 22%.
The table below compares Napa to some nearby and similarly sized communities. Note that since some communities such as Marin or Sonoma do not conduct PIT counts each year, they lacked comparable timeframes.
2017
PIT
Total
2020
PIT
Total
Increase Unsheltered
in 2020
2020
Unsheltered
Percentage
Chronically
Homeless
in 2020
2020
Chronically
Homeless
Percentage
Napa3 315 464 47% 303 65% 202 44%
Amador,
Calaveras,
Mariposa,
Tuolumne,
Counties CoC4
367 834 127% 687 82% 252 30%
El Dorado
County CoC5 602 663 10% 480 72% 107 16%
Yolo County
CoC6 459 641 40% 397 62% 175 27%
Stanislaus
County CoC7 1,661 2,107 27% 1,087 52% 336 16%
California8 132,2
78 161,5
48 22% 113,660 70% 51,785 32%
3 2017 CoC Homeless Populations and Subpopulations Report – Napa, HUD Exchange; 2020 CoC Homeless Populations and Subpopulations Report – Napa, HUD Exchange
4 2017 CoC Homeless Populations and Subpopulations Report – Tuolumne, Amador, Calaveras, Mariposa Counties, HUD Exchange; 2020 CoC Homeless Populations and Subpopulations Report – Tuolumne, Amador, Calaveras, Mariposa Counties, HUD Exchange 5 2017 CoC Homeless Populations and Subpopulations Report – El Dorado, HUD Exchange; 2020 CoC Homeless Populations and Subpopulations Report – El Dorado, HUD Exchange
6 2017 CoC Homeless Populations and Subpopulations Report – Yolo, HUD Exchange; 2020 CoC Homeless Populations and Subpopulations Report – Yolo, HUD Exchange
7 2017 CoC Homeless Populations and Subpopulations Report – Stanislaus, HUD Exchange; 2020 CoC Homeless Populations and Subpopulations Report – Stanislaus, HUD Exchange
8 2017 CoC Homeless Populations and Subpopulations Report – California, HUD Exchange; 2020 CoC Homeless Populations and Subpopulations Report – California, HUD Exchange
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17 In addition to the standard demographic and subpopulation information HUD mandates be collected, many communities collect additional information from people experiencing homelessness during PIT counts. In Napa, for example, people are asked about the length of time an individual has been residing in Napa. As in many communities, people experiencing homelessness in Napa have been residing in Napa for a significant amount of time. In 2019, over 50% indicated they were longtime Napa residents having resided in the county for 10+ years. In 2020, 63% of individuals noted a 10+ year residence.
Furthermore, PIT surveys also revealed that 84% of people experiencing homelessness in Napa became homeless while residing in Napa. The 14% who came from another county mainly came from neighboring counties, like Sonoma. State and other community data similarly shows that the vast number of people experiencing homelessness seek services in the place where they lived prior to becoming homeless. In addition, the Homeless Data Integration System (HDIS) shows that 96% of people access housing or services in a single service area,9 rather than traveling to other communities in search of help.
9 Business Consumer Services, and Housing Agency (BCSH) HDIS. 2018-2020.
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
2018 PIT 2019 PIT 2020 PIT
Length of Time in Napa
Less than 1 Year 1-4 Years 5-9 Years 10+ Years
14% 2%
84%
Residency When Becoming Homeless
Other County in CA
Out of State
Napa
ATTACHMENT 1
18 Homeless Management Information System Data
In comparison to Point-in-Time (PIT) data, data from Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) tracks and documents a household’s utilization of programs and services over a period of time, as opposed to the number of people on a single day. As a result, data from an HMIS system can provide a much fuller picture of trends among people who are experiencing homelessness in various sheltered and unsheltered capacities.
In the 2021 reporting period, a total of 759 unique individuals were served in housing and shelter programs by the Napa System of Care, representing 659 households. In comparison to the year prior, this represents a 19% increase from the total number of individuals and 15% increase in the total number of households from the prior reporting year. Notably, 326 households, or 42%, were interacting with the system for the first time. More information on how people entered and exited the homeless system of care is presented in the following homeless systems gaps analysis.
ATTACHMENT 1
19 HOMELESS SYSTEMS GAPS ANALYSIS
An effective homeless system of care works by quickly connecting people experiencing or at risk of experiencing homelessness to the appropriate shelter, rehousing assistance, and/or other services to ensure everyone can have stable housing. Over the past years, the Napa community has worked to build a robust and interconnected homeless system, but there are still many challenges and unmet needs that exist in the community. In 2021, the homeless system of care is serving a greater number of households than in previous years, and those households are more likely to exit into permanent housing destinations.10 However, due to the high number of new households entering the system, substantially more exits to permanent destinations are needed to reduce the overall number of people experiencing homelessness. Unless more households can leave the system or be diverted or prevented from entering it in the first place, the number of people experiencing homelessness will continue to increase.
326 333 148
Number of households engaging
the system for the first time in
FY2021
Number of households returning
or continuously homeless in
FY2021
Number of households exiting to
permanent destinations in
FY2021
The goal of any system of care is to ensure that homelessness is brief, rare, and nonrecurring.
• For homelessness to be rare, Napa must reduce the number of people entering the homeless system. • For homelessness to be brief, Napa must ensure that those who do become homeless are rapidly connected with appropriate resources to resolve their housing crisis. • For homelessness to be nonrecurring, Napa must ensure that once households obtain housing, they have the resources to avoid falling back into homelessness.
This section provides an overview of what is bringing people into the homeless system of care, how people are moving through it, how people exit it, and the barriers that occur along the way. The information in this section is based on feedback from the community survey, data analysis from homeless systems, stakeholder interviews and meetings, and focus groups.
10 HUD defines permanent destinations to include housing placements through the system of care, such as PSH and RRH, and other permanent housing solutions, such as renting a room without assistance or residing with family or friends.
ATTACHMENT 1
20 Causes of Homelessness
When conducting its annual PIT count, Napa asks several additional supplemental questions along with the HUD required demographic and subpopulation data points. These survey questions include data points that provide insight into the causes of homelessness in the community, service gaps in the homelessness system of care, and cracks in the social safety net more broadly. Since homelessness is a dynamic issue involving many intersecting systems, these survey responses do not necessarily give a definitive or fully comprehensive answer to all the causes of homelessness, but rather they provide useful insight and contextual information.
On the 2020 PIT count, when individuals were asked to identify the primary cause or condition that led to their homelessness, the top four responses were alcohol or drug use (29%), job loss (12%), mental health issue (11%), and eviction (10%). It is important to note that people experiencing homeless often lose housing due to a combination of factors, but these specific events or conditions were the ones people identified as precipitating their experience of homelessness.
In comparison to data from nearby Solano, Sonoma, and Marin counties, Napa respondents more frequently reported alcohol or drug use as a cause of homelessness. In Napa, 29% of respondents reported alcohol or drug use as the primary cause of their homelessness, 11% of respondents in Solano, 14% in Marin, and 16% in Sonoma counties respectively reported alcohol or drug use as the primary cause of their homelessness.
This suggests the need for more widely available substance use treatment programs in prevention, diversion, and general service delivery within the system of care. This data aligns with survey and focus group comments from Napa providers indicating the need for additional programs to serve people experiencing homelessness who are seeking treatment for substance use disorders.
Even though alcohol or drug use was noted as the top singular condition leading to an experience of homelessness in the PIT Count surveys, economic hardship such as losing a job, eviction, foreclosure, or a 12%
8%
11%
0%
1%
10%
3%
6%
29%
6%
5%
6%
8%
9%
3%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Lost job
Family/domestic violence
Mental health issues
Hospitalization/treatment
Aging out of foster care
Eviction
Foreclosure
Incaceration
Alcohol or drug use
Illness/medical problem
Divorce/separation/break up
Landlord raised rent
Argument with family or friend
Other
Don't know/decline to state
Primary Condition or Event Leading to Homelessness
ATTACHMENT 1
21 landlord raising rent constituted a combined 31% of responses regarding causes of homelessness. In response, providers noted the need for additional access to prevention and mediation services, which may provide flexible funding for things like utility bills, one-time rent payments, or connections to tenancy, advocacy, and legal aid organizations.
Inflow Into the System
Households who experience homelessness come from a variety of living situations prior to entering the homeless system. These different situations can impact the nature and location of their first interaction with the homeless system of care and dictate how they are prioritized and move through the system. According to the 2020 PIT count, a majority of people (69%) came from a home that was rented or owned by the respondent, a friend, partner, or relative. As shown in the table below, 39% came from a home owned or rented by a friend/relative, and 30% came from one they or their partner owned or rented. National research, echoed by observations by community surveys and provider focus groups, indicate that people will typically exhaust their personal support network before experiencing homelessness. Here, prevention and diversion services like mediation, emergency funding, or other strategies could help prevent people from becoming homeless.
After coming from an owned or rented home, the next most frequent living situation prior to becoming homeless was jail or prison (11%). Law enforcement agencies report that while some people exiting jail or prison into homeless were homeless prior to incarceration, others were housed prior to incarceration, and lost their housing due to inability to pay rent or sustain housing while incarcerated. Strong collaboration between criminal justice and homeless systems are needed to meet the needs of these individuals.
In addition to data from the PIT Count, HMIS data provides insight into how households are moving through the system, and from where. HMIS defines the household’s prior living situation as their living situation immediately prior to enrollment in a shelter or housing program. In contrast to the PIT count, this does not necessarily reflect where the household resided prior to first becoming homeless. For example, in 2021 a majority of households enrolled in rapid-rehousing programs came from a homeless sheltered situation, meaning they were likely connected to the housing program through the shelter system. Very few households in rapid rehousing came from institutions, suggesting a need for more robust alignment between those systems and the homeless system of care. A full picture of prior living situations for households in 2021 can be viewed in the table below.
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
A home owned or rented by you or your partner
Subsidized housing or permanent supportive housing
Hospital or treatment facility
A home owned or rented by friends/relatives
Juvenile Justice Facility
Foster care
Jail or prison
Motel/hotel
Other
Living Situation Prior to Homelessness
ATTACHMENT 1
22 Household Living Situation Prior to Program Entry (2021)
Unsheltered11 Homeless
Sheltered12 Temporary13 Institutional14 Permanent
Housing15 Unknown16
Emergency
Shelter or
Transitional
Housing
106 163 10 59 89 120
Rapid
Rehousing 29 89 2 0 8 0
Permanent
Supportive
Housing
16 25 2 3 14 0
To make homelessness rare and non-recurring, the community must reduce the number of households entering the homeless system. The HMIS homeless system engagement table below provides a breakdown of the housing and service engagement histories of people who entered the homeless system of care in 2021.
For the past three years, HMIS data has shown that about half of the households served are “in the system for the first time,” meaning they have not experienced homelessness for at least two years prior to the reporting period, or have no prior history of homelessness. On the 2020 PIT Count, 30% of households noted they were experiencing homelessness for the first time ever. This mirrors comments from providers like Puertas Abiertas who noted that most of the clients they see falling into homelessness are doing so for the first time, often after environmental emergency (like a fire) or after liquidating their savings in a prior experience.
In 2021, the majority of these first-time-homeless households were single adults (303 of 326 households) with 35 of those being transitional aged youth (TAY), and 23 consisting of families with adults and children. This suggests stronger prevention and diversion efforts, specifically those that consider the unique needs of single adult households, are needed to stem the inflow of first-time homeless households. It is key to note that tenant protections and eviction prevention programs implemented as part of the state response to COVID-19 likely prevented a significant number of households from entering the homeless system of care during the pandemic.
California’s COVID-19 Rent Relief Program received 1,401 applications for rental assistance from Napa households at risk of eviction prior to closing to new applications March 2022. As of May 2022, 814 applicants had received assistance, and an additional 584 were awaiting assistance. Households awaiting assistance are protected from eviction through June 2022. Community experts anticipate the risk of households entering the homeless system of care will increase after these protections expire.
11 Defined in the Stella glossary as street homelessness in a place not meant for habitation 12 Defined in the Stella glossary as sheltered homelessness in an emergency shelter, safe haven, interim housing, or transitional housing for homeless persons
13 Defined in the Stella glossary as a hotel/motel paid for without ES voucher, residential project with no homeless criteria, for example a COVID quarantine or isolation center or crisis
14 Defined in the Stella glossary as foster care or group foster care home, long-term care facility or nursing home, jail, prison or juvenile detention facility, hospital or other residential non-psychiatric medical facility, psychiatric hospital or other psychiatric medical facility, or substance abuse treatment facility or detox center
15 Defined in the Stella glossary as staying or living with friends or family, permanent housing for formerly homeless persons, owned or rented with or without a subsidy (including VASH and GPD TIP) 16 Defined in the Stella glossary as including missing entry, client refusing response, or client not knowing ATTACHMENT 1
23 Shelter and Housing Interventions Provided
To reduce the number of people experiencing homelessness, households must be exiting homelessness at a higher rate than they are entering homelessness. This section provides data demonstrating how Napa’s system of care is helping households exit homelessness by providing emergency shelter, outreach, and permanent housing interventions. While emergency shelter is not permanent housing, the stability and navigation services provided by emergency shelter can play an important role in an individual’s journey from homelessness to housing.
The number of individuals served by the homeless system of care has grown steadily since 2019, largely due to new investments in emergency shelter and housing during the COVID-19 pandemic. The total number of households served across the homeless system of care increased by 33% from 2019 to 2021. While many shelters around the nation were forced to reduce capacity due to COVID-19 and related public health protocols, Napa used new funding sources and innovative partnerships to safely expand emergency shelter capacity, such as Project Roomkey, enabling the community to serve a greater number of households than in previous years.
In 2021, 618 households were served by the homeless system of care, through a combination of emergency shelter, transitional housing, rapid re-housing, and permanent supportive housing programs. Of the households served, 84% had accessed an emergency shelter within the year. Overall, 69% of households were served only by an emergency shelter and did not access other housing programs through the homeless system of care, such as transitional housing, rapid re-housing, or permanent supportive housing. Notably, 28% of households exited from emergency shelter went on to permanent housing destinations,17 which includes those who obtained permanent housing without the assistance of RRH or PSH programs. Permanent housing destinations can include unsubsidized locations, like moving back with family or renting on their own, or a
17 According to HUD’s HMIS data standards, permanent destinations is defined as permanent supportive housing (PSH), permanent housing with a rental or temporary subsidy, renting or owning with or without a subsidy, or living with friends or family on a permanent basis
0 50
100
150
200
250
300
350Number of Households
Household System Engagement
Households Returning from a Perminant Destination
Households Re-engaging from a Temporary Destination
Households Re-engaging from an Unknown Destination
Households Continously Homeless
Households in the System for the First Time
ATTACHMENT 1
24 connection to subsidized, non-supportive housing programs like Emergency Housing Vouchers or Housing Choice Vouchers.
The table below shows the number of enrollments by shelter and supportive housing project type in the reporting period.
FY 2019 FY 2020 FY 2021
Emergency Shelter18 402 448 518
Transitional Housing19 66 58 51
Rapid Re-Housing20 58 69 128
Permanent Supportive
Housing21 14 13 18
Total Households
Served in the
System22
475 532 618
Although the number of people served by the system has been growing, a gaps analysis completed by the County of Napa in 2020, based on 2019 data, suggests ongoing need for subsidized, supportive housing options. As part of the Homeless Housing, Assistance and Prevention Grant (HHAP) a gaps analysis was completed using a combination of Coordinated Entry System data and HMIS Enrollment data. This analysis shows that the number of people who had been identified as needing rental assistance or supportive housing and services exceeded the availability of those resources. In the sections below, additional gaps and barriers for specific subpopulations is explored further.
Total # of Clients
Currently Needing
this Service
Total # of Clients
Currently Receiving
this Service
Remaining Need
Rental Assistance 357 107 250
Supportive Housing
(Permanent) 60 29 40
Outreach 174 129 45
Prevention/Diversion 60 16 44
18 Defined as households who used ES/SH only or ES/SH in combination with any other project type (ES, SH, TH, RRH, PSH) 19 Defined as households who used TH only or TH in combination with any other project type (ES, SH, TH, RRH, PSH) 20 Defined as households who used RRH only or RRH in combination with any other project type (ES, SH, TH, RRH, PSH) 21 Defined as households who used PSH only or PSH in combination with any other project type (ES, SH, TH, RRH, PSH) 22 Total Households served in the homeless system represents the amount of deduplicated households served across the system, meaning it does not include a household who is enrolled in multiple programs up until their point of exit ATTACHMENT 1
25 The vast majority of unhoused people want housing:
93% of people surveyed on the PIT count indicated
they want some form of housing. Additional
information on housing type preference can be view
in the chart below. Unfortunately, people attempting
to exit homelessness face numerous barriers to
securing housing. Emergency shelters are designed
to provide short-term emergency housing and brief,
housing focused support to move residents quickly
to permanent housing solutions. However, shelter
residents in focus groups reported that they often
wait for months before being assigned a housing
navigator, who has resources to help them locate
and secure housing. One shelter participant reported they had been in the shelter for over five months and were still waiting to be assigned a housing navigator. Others reported barriers to connecting with assigned navigators. Focus group members reported that the housing navigators had high caseloads, making it difficult to provide services to all their clients. They noted, “you have to be really proactive and keep asking for help.” Shelter residents and community case workers also reported that residents are often in shelter for extended time periods prior to completing the community assessment required to access RRH and PSH, delaying their connection to housing resources, and potentially extending their length of time homeless.
Barriers to Housing
In 2021, after being enrolled in a program in the homeless system of care, households remained homeless for an average of 364 days. HUD considers a household to be homeless while that household is residing in an emergency shelter or transitional housing project, or while that household is enrolled in a permanent housing program but has not yet moved into housing. For example, if a household is enrolled in any type of permanent housing program, they would be considered homeless up until the day they move into a unit. It is important to note that this average includes households, primarily families with minor children, enrolled in transitional 66%
8%
5%
7%
7%
7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Housing without preconditions (Housing First)
Housing with required services
Clean and sober housing
Move in with family
Other
Not interested in housing now
Housing Type Preference
Project Roomkey was established in March 2020 as
part of the state response to the COVID -19
pandemic. Project Roomkey provide s non-
congregate shelter options for people experiencing
homelessness. Every hotel/motel within Project
Roomkey include s essential wraparound serv ices,
such as custodial, laundry, security and support staff.
Using this funding, Napa sheltered and then
permanently housed 84 participating households in a
12-month period during the COVID-19 pandemic.
ATTACHMENT 1
26 housing projects. While the living arrangements at a transitional housing project can look like permanent housing, and programs can be designed to serve households for up to 24 months, transitional housing is temporary and households continue to be considered homeless. Households in transitional housing spent an average of 526 days homeless.
Households that ultimately secured housing through a rapid rehousing program had varying paths to securing housing. Some households were enrolled in rapid rehousing after entering an emergency shelter. These households typically stayed in emergency shelter for 174 days before they were enrolled in a rapid rehousing program. Once enrolled in rapid rehousing, those households were housed in an average of 47 days. In contrast, households that were not staying in an emergency shelter when they were enrolled in rapid rehousing remained homeless for an average of 3 months before moving into housing.
Many shelter residents who secure permanent housing do so without the ongoing support of a RRH or PSH program. On average, shelter residents who exited to permanent housing did so about two months after entering the shelter.
Even with housing navigation support, program participants and navigators frequently reported that the lack of units within clients’ price range makes it difficult to secure housing. This mirrors responses on the 2020 PIT survey. When respondents were asked what was keeping them from getting permanent housing, 72% said they can’t afford rent, 65% said they don’t have enough income for housing, and 52% said there is no housing available. For those on fixed incomes or where a subsidy requires that the unit rent is at or below fair market rent, there are even fewer available units. Many noted that even for those with income or housing subsidies that could theoretically make rent more affordable, the highly competitive rental market makes it extremely difficult to exit homelessness.
Exits from Homelessness
In 2021, the percentage of people exiting to permanent housing destinations from other programs in the system of care grew to 33%; an increase from 2020, in which 23% exited to permanent housing destinations.
Although this data indicates increasing success, substantially more exits to permanent destinations are needed to reduce the number of people experiencing homelessness overall. In addition, the rate of exits does not 72%
28%
9%
13%
5%
1%
65%
8%
46%
52%
23%
9%
25%
21%
2%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Can't afford rent
Bad credit
Eviction record
Medical/health issues
Child care costs
Immigration issues
No job/not enought income
Restrictions from probation/parole
No money for moving costs
No housing available
Criminal record
No ID/paperwork
Housing process too difficult
No transportation
Other
Issues Preventing Permanent Housing
ATTACHMENT 1
27 match the rate of new households entering the system, so the number of people experiencing homelessness will continue to grow.
Of the households exiting to a permanent destination, a majority, or 104 households, obtained housing while staying at an emergency shelter. These households comprised 28% of total households that exited from emergency shelter. The other 72% of exits from emergency shelter exited to a temporary living situation, or their living situation was unknown, meaning a majority of people leaving emergency shelter don’t move on to a permanent destination.
Systemwide, households exited from RRH projects had the highest proportional rate of moving to a permanent destination, with 72% of households exiting to a permanent housing. Because RRH provides short- to medium- term rental subsidy and supportive services, an exit to permanent housing most typically means that the household successfully transitioned to financial independence in their housing unit or acquired another kind of ongoing housing subsidy. Permanent supportive housing, on the other hand, typically has few exits: In 2021, 96% of people in Napa PSH projects retained their housing or moved into other permanent housing.
Demographic data shows that some subpopulations are less likely than the average household to exit to permanent destinations, suggesting there might be services gaps or additional supports needed for them.
While on average, 33% of households exit to permanent destinations, only 25% households with a disabled household member exited to permanent destinations. This is especially significant as 54% of the households in the system of care include an individual with a disability. In the table below, a comparison can be seen between different types of households exiting to permanent destinations. For the race and ethnicity categories, it is important to note that the figure represents the race and ethnicity of the heads of household and adults, absent children. For households identifying as Hispanic/Latin(a)(o)(x), a higher proportion represent families that have adults and children.
2019 2020 2021
Total Number of Households 479 532 618
Households in the System for
the First Time 209 297 326
Number of Households exited
to PH 88 82 148
0 100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Number of Households
Household Exit Flow
ATTACHMENT 1
28 System Exits to Permanent Housing Destinations by Subpopulation (2021) Percent of
Total
Number of
Households
Permanent Destinations
Percent
All Households 100% 444 33%
Adult Only 55+ 24% 106 37%
Fleeing Domestic Violence 23 3% 12 25%
Households with a disabled member24 54% 240 25%
American Indian, Alaskan Native, or
Indigenous 9% 42 37%
Hispanic/Latin(a)(o)(x) 40% 179 51%
Black 6% 26 12%
White 70% 313 29%
Returns to Homelessness
For the past three years, the proportion of households that return to homelessness from permanent destinations25 has remained relatively stable, even as both the number of people experiencing homelessness and being served by the system has increased. In 2021, 9% of adult-only households returned to the homeless system from permanent housing destinations. Notably, no households that included minor children returned to homelessness between 2019 and 2021. Breaking down returns to homelessness by household characteristic, households with a head of household identifying as American Indian or Alaskan Native (33%) and those fleeing domestic violence (20%) have the highest rates of returns to homelessness, suggesting additional supports might be needed for those populations.
The vast majority of households that return to homelessness after securing permanent destinations had previously come from emergency shelter services. In 2021, 80 of the 86 households who returned to homelessness did so after moving from an emergency shelter to a permanent destination. More data is needed to analyze what kinds of stabilization or prevention services could be offered to help decrease the number of returns to homelessness.
23 Domestic Violence Providers no not enter information on survivors in HMIS due to federal regulations. Survivors may be underrepresented in HMIS data.
24 In the HUD HMIS Data Standards, a disabling condition is defined as, “A physical, mental, or, or emotional impairment, including an impairment caused by alcohol or drug abuse, PTSD, or brain injury that: is expected to be long-continuing or indefinite, substantially impair the ability to live independently, and could be improved by the provision of more suitable housing conditions.”
25 Data includes households that return to homelessness within 12 months prior to the reporting period.
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29 Special populations
Within the population of people experiencing homelessness, there are some subpopulations that experience specific barriers to housing or where there are specific gaps in service. Community survey results indicate that only 39% of service providers and 55% of people with lived experience believe that in the Napa homeless system of care, everyone is treated fairly and have access to homeless services and housing, regardless of who they are. The following section contains some additional information, derived from data sources and existing reports, as well as stakeholder feedback and other resources, on population-specific gaps and barriers.
Families with Children
In 2020, across the state of
California, statewide data
showed that 52% of people
experiencing homelessness were
in a household that had children.
Napa’s percentages of homeless
families are far lower than the
state average. In 2021, families
accounted for roughly 11% of
those served by Napa’s system
of care. On the one-night PIT
Count, the number of Napa
households that had at least one
adult and one child decreased
from 46 households in 2018 to 7
households in 2020. Households
with children disproportionately
identified as both White and
Hispanic/Latin(a)(o()(x)26, with
52% of households identifying as
such. In comparison with adult-
only households, households
with children were less likely to be considered chronically homeless (13% vs. 31%), and over twice as likely to have an experience of domestic violence (43% vs. 19%). Respondents to the strategic plan survey ranked children and families as the top population in need of additional attention in the response to homelessness.
Data shows that Napa County has been successful in doing so: In the 2020 PIT count, 5% of the total homeless population were members of households with minor children, and no unsheltered families with minor children were identified. Of note, however, is the fact that many families who are unstably housed – for example, families sharing the housing of other persons due to loss of housing or economic hardship and families residing in substandard or overcrowded housing – are considered homeless by the US Department of Education, but do not meet the HUD definition of homelessness.
“My family went through a housing crisis, with a 7-year-old girl and a newborn we spent two years without a home, living in precarious situations. Even though my husband worked at a
26 Within the Homeless Data Exchange (HDX) data visualizer, Stella, only households that identify as both White and Hispanic/Latin(a)(o)(x) are shown as opposed to other racial and ethnic combinations or the total universe of people who identify as Hispanic/Latin(a)(o)(x).
90%
2%
6% 3%
Composition of Households Served in 2021
Single Adults
Household of 2+ Adults Without Children
Single Adults with Children
2+ Adults with Children
ATTACHMENT 1
30 winery full time, we couldn't even afford half the rent on an apartment. After a long wait we got a low-income apartment, for which I am very grateful, but the years we spent homeless were very difficult and sad.”
– Survey Respondent
These families are not included in local homeless data, and in accordance with funding regulations, they are not eligible for many state and federally funded homeless programs. These families are often considered a hidden homeless population. Providers working with children and families note that housing instability has a well-established detrimental impact on family well-being, physical health, emotional health, and educational performance.
Community service providers also reported that there are not sufficient shelter beds dedicated to families with minor children and wait lists for family shelter beds exceed wait lists for singles beds. However, while only 11% of the total homeless population seeking services through the system of care are families with minor children, and no unsheltered families were identified in the 2020 PIT count, 25% of the community’s emergency shelter beds captured on the 2021 HIC Count are dedicated to families. Providers report that this may be because many families remain in unstable, unsafe, or overcrowded housing to avoid homelessness, and therefore remain on the cusp of meeting HUD’s homeless definition. More exploration is needed to assess and address gaps in providing emergency housing and other services to homeless families.
Older Adults
On the 2020 PIT Count, roughly 32% of people experiencing sheltered and unsheltered homelessness indicated they were 51 years of age or older, with 13% noting that they were over 61. This proportion is slightly less than that of the general Napa population, in which approximately 40% of Napa residents are over 50 years old, according to the American Community Survey (ACS) 2020 Five-Year Estimates. National research27 shows that people over 50 who are homeless experience the health consequences of premature aging, sometimes causing individuals to age 10 to 20 years beyond their chronological age, and are susceptible to increased disease and morbidity, as well as geriatric syndromes like falls, cognitive impairments, and frailty.
Older adults with who are unstably housed or experiencing homelessness may face additional barriers to securing permanent housing that meets their needs and supports successful aging. Providers report there is a shortage of long-term residential care facilities that are affordable and accessible for aging population of people experiencing homelessness, and even fewer options for those who need dementia care. Providers report they are often unable to secure appropriate placements for clients who require more intensive care than can be provided in a PSH setting. This report aligns with data that shows adults 55+ have one of the higher rates of returning to homelessness, with 25% returning to homelessness after leaving the Napa system of care.
Providers report that many older adults could safely live independently with in-home supportive services and are eligible for Medi-Cal funded services, but such support is often unattainable due to a lack of professional care providers in the community.
Unaccompanied Youth
HUD defines unaccompanied youth as those under the age of 25 who are not in the physical custody of a parent or guardian. The number of unaccompanied youth has been steadily rising since 2018. On the 2018 PIT, there were 14 unaccompanied youth. In 2020, there were 54, representing an increase of almost 200%.
27 See, e.g., https://nhchc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/infocus_september2013-1.pdf.
ATTACHMENT 1
31 Transitional aged youth (TAY) ages 18-24 were also more likely to be engaging the system for the first time, with 73% reporting their first experience of homelessness. Additionally, the majority of TAY served in Napa are people of color, making TAY the most racially and ethnically diverse household type served. Only 27% of TAY identified as White Non-Hispanic/Non-Latin(a)(o)(x).
Providers report that youth who are not connected to the foster care or mental health system may fall through the cracks. Providers report targeted and coordinated outreach is needed to engage homeless youth in the homeless system of care. Providers also report that there is a need to tailor services and programs to meet the unique treatment needs of transitional age youth, which may include a greater focus on education, employment, family reunification, and diversion efforts.
Race/Ethnicity
The chart below shows the race and ethnicity of people accessing or identified in Napa’s homeless system of care as compared to Census information. The race and ethnicity of the heads of households and adults is represented in orange, and the race and ethnicity of all individuals overall in a household is represented in yellow. This shows that households that are Hispanic/Latino and multiple races have substantially larger household sizes than other racial/ethnic groups, signifying that these groups have more families with children, are more likely to be partnered, or a combination of both.
In Napa, people who identify as Native American or Alaskan Native are consistently overrepresented across data sources as experiencing homelessness in comparison to their proportion to the general population.
According to the 2020 American Community Survey (ACS) estimates, close to 0% of the overall population of Napa County identify as Native American or Alaskan Native. Comparatively, they represent 7% of the individuals counted on the PIT, 7% of the heads of households, and 8% of the total overall individuals served by the system.
For people who identify as Hispanic or Latino, understanding the data gets a bit more complicated in part due to the differing ways the data are collected and presented across data sources. Within HUD’s Homeless Data Exchange (HDX) data visualizer, Stella, information about ethnicity is only available for heads of households 19%
4% 1%
7%
2%
75%
10%
14%
6%
1%
7%
2%
69%
3%
34%
2%
7%
0% 0%
77%
4%
54%
3% 0%
8%
1%
57%
20%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Hispanic/Latino Black Asian Native American
or Alaskan Native
Native Hawaiian
or other Pacific
Islander
White Multiple Races
Race/Ethnicity Comparison
2020 PIT 2020 HMIS Household 2020 Census 2020 HMIS Individual ATTACHMENT 1
32 and adults who identify as White and Hispanic/Latino or White non-Hispanic/Latino. This limits the numbers of people who might identify as Hispanic but not White, and also obscures the types and sizes of households being served.
Understanding the differences in how these data are collected and what they include is key. When looking purely at data from a household perspective, it seems that people who identify as Hispanic/Latino are served at a rate higher than their occurrence in the general population. However, when factoring in data about Hispanic/Latino household size and those who identify as multiple races, Hispanic/Latino households may actually be underserved in comparison to their proportion of the general population. Black households served in the system appear to be overrepresented, comprising 2% of the Napa population but 4% of those surveyed on the PIT. Providers identify language access for those with limited English proficiency and barriers for the undocumented community as the key priorities for improving equity for the Latinx community.
Limited English Proficiency
The 2019 American Community Survey indicates that people with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) make up 15% of the Napa population. The vast majority of these individuals (85%) are Spanish speakers. The homeless system does not currently collect data on LEP clients, making it difficult to quantify service disparities impacting the monolingual Spanish-speaking community or speakers of other languages. Provider responses indicate that monolingual Spanish-speaking clients may not successfully progress through the homeless system at the same rate as English-speaking clients. Street outreach staff reported being aware of and engaging with monolingual Spanish speakers, but emergency shelter providers report rarely serving monolingual Spanish speakers. No CoC-funded PSH provider could recall receiving a CES referral for monolingual Spanish- speaking household, and Rapid Rehousing providers were unsure if monolingual Spanish speaking households were referred to or enrolled in their programs.
The community identified several key barriers faced by monolingual Spanish speakers. First, outreach services are not readily available in Spanish. Interviews, surveys, and focus group respondents report that there very few Spanish-speaking outreach staff. Provider survey respondents and focus groups consistently stated that the system should prioritize increasing the number of bilingual outreach staff. At the time of this gaps analysis, there were no bilingual outreach workers. While all outreach staff have access to phone translation services, not having Spanish-speaking staff presents a huge barrier to engagement and relationship building. Second, focus groups and survey responses indicated that the homeless system of care does not provide clear uniform messaging on how to request homeless services, and there is no central phone number or walk-in location that is well known across the community. While this presents a challenge for all households seeking services, focus groups reported this is a significantly greater barrier for households that cannot readily seek guidance from service providers due to language barriers. Focus groups and survey respondents indicated that targeted outreach, collaboration with trusted messengers, and planning efforts are needed to meet the needs of the LEP community.
Persons who are Undocumented
In 2012, 12% of Napa County residents were estimated to be undocumented. Ascertaining the size of the undocumented population is difficult. Estimates vary according to the methodology used. There have been few more recent attempts to determine the size of Napa’s undocumented population. Of note, PEW research estimates that the undocumented population in CA declined by 28% from 2012 to 2017. Just as there are many factors that make it difficult to determine the size of the undocumented population, there are many factors that make it difficult to quantify disparities impacting the undocumented community. The homeless system of care does not collect or record data elements related to immigration status. In addition, providers ATTACHMENT 1
33 report that undocumented residents often live in overcrowded or substandard housing to avoid the visibility and stigma associated with street homelessness.
Community leaders report that undocumented individuals avoid accessing homeless services due to fear of the potential immigration consequences of engaging with public assistance, especially in the context of potential unpredictable changes to immigration policy. Despite these data limitations, providers and community experts reported they have observed a range of barriers impacting the undocumented community. Legal providers report that it is “nearly impossible” for undocumented households to access trustworthy, affordable legal guidance. Homeless providers reported being unaware of which programs and services undocumented households are eligible to access, and which services they can access without risking consequences, meaning they are unable to confidently provide advocacy and support to undocumented clients. One homeless provider noted that people who are undocumented may delay accessing healthcare until their healthcare needs are emergent due to concerns about cost and consequences of accessing medical care. People who are undocumented cannot access the public benefits that allow many low-income individuals to age in place, such as Medicare, Medi-Cal, Social Security, and HUD-subsidized housing for seniors and adults with disabilities, which may make them more likely to fall into homelessness as they age. More exploration is needed to determine how relationships and trust can be built with the undocumented community and how resources can be developed and strengthened to meet the community’s needs.
Chronic Homelessness
Individuals who have a disabling condition and have been homeless for more than 365 days continuously, or over the past three years, are considered chronically homeless. While Napa has a higher proportion of chronically homeless individuals than peer communities, PIT and program enrollment data shows that proportion of people in Napa who are chronically homeless has been decreasing. Interestingly, the number of chronically homeless households served by the system of care dropped 11% between the 2019 and 2020 reporting periods. In 2021, the number of chronically homeless households remained relatively stable, with only 2 additional chronically homeless households being served between 2020 and 2021 (208 vs. 210 households). Additionally, more households who have experienced homelessness for less than a year in 2021 have no reported disabling condition that would qualify them for chronic homeless status.
In the first half of 2022, 20 potential households, or 3% of those in the system, may earn the chronically homeless designation as they will have fulfilled the requirements of having both a disabling condition and the requisite 365 days of homelessness. After that, there are 169 households that could potentially gain the designation within the next year, or 25% of the households served overall. This means that the potential number of chronically homeless households could increase substantially in the next year if they are not connected to permanent housing. Providers report that chronically homeless individuals often have complex medical, mental health, and substance related needs and are best served by permanent supportive housing programs that can provide housing and case management support that is not time limited. However, due to the extremely limited availability of PSH, chronically homeless individuals must often choose between waiting for a long time for services or accepting RRH services that may not provide the long-term support they need to maintain housing.
Domestic Violence
Across California, 18% of those served in the homeless system have experienced domestic violence. In Napa, 24% of those served in the system of care reported having experienced domestic violence. Napa PIT survey data shows that the number of people reporting they are survivors of domestic violence has been increasing over the past three years. Between 2019 and 2020, the number of people who reported being survivors of domestic violence increased by 159%, from 32 to 83 adults. These numbers may be higher than the data indicates, as individuals fleeing domestic violence who seek assistance exclusively from a domestic violence ATTACHMENT 1
34 provider are not reflected in homeless system of care data. These data trends could indicate increasing rates of domestic violence and a need for additional supports and services for survivors. Local domestic violence providers have pointed to an increase in the number and severity of domestic violence reports over the past 2 years, attributed to household stressors and lockdowns during COVID-19. Providers serving survivors of domestic violence and trafficking note specific challenges to serving survivors, including that some sources of federal and state funding are not available to them due to requirements of implementing federally mandated data systems, as well as the need to protect survivor confidentiality while accessing mainstream systems of care.
Looking at additional insights from the 2020 PIT survey, although only 12% of people reported that they were currently experiencing domestic violence or abuse, 48% of reported having experienced physical, emotional, or sexual abuse by someone they stayed with. A chart with additional related survey responses can be viewed below. Given that instances of domestic violence have shown to be increasing during shelter-in-place,28 this could be an important figure to track as data from 2022 becomes available.
Persons who have been Convicted of a Crime
In focus groups and stakeholder interviews, service providers noted that people convicted of a crime often face additional barriers to obtaining housing. Clients with criminal convictions are often denied rental units. Those with violent or drug-related criminal activity within the last two years may be found ineligible for some forms of HUD-subsidized housing. For those who are required to register as sex offenders, there are often no housing options available and even many programs that target those with convictions are inaccessible. For example, the County’s Fresh Start Housing program, which provides housing for adults with severe mental illness who have histories of homelessness, is inaccessible to registered sex offenders since it is next to a preschool.
28 Piquero, Alex R., Wesley G. Jennings, et al. Domestic Violence During COVID-19: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Council on Criminal Justice, March 2021
12%
48%
22%
5%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Are you currently experiencing home/domestic
violence or abuse?
Have you ever been physically, emotionally or
sexually abused by a relative, or another person
you have stayed with (spouse, partner, sibling,
parent)?
Have you ever traded sex for money or a place to
stay?
Have you ever been trafficked (forced
commercial sex)?
2020 PIT Survey Responses
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35 Service providers also reported that many registered sex offenders are unable to reside with family or friends due to concern about the stigma of having their address appear on sex offender registries. Similarly, they are also denied rentals from private landlords. People with lifetime registration requirements are barred from HUD’s Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) Program.
Persons with Disabilities
In 2021, 64% of those served by the Napa system of care had some kind of disabling condition,29 a rate 21% higher than the state average. Specific disabilities and conditions can be broken down further and understood using PIT survey data. Although each self-reported health condition won’t necessarily directly equate to a disability, they can help provide insights into the types of health issues people in the community experience.
The most frequently reported conditions include a psychiatric or emotional condition (73%), drug or alcohol abuse (62%), and post-traumatic stress disorder (51%). A full list of reported health conditions can be seen in the chart below.
As can be seen from the PIT survey, clients reported that these conditions often prevented them from obtaining housing or from being stably housed. In fact, with the exception of those who reported traumatic brain injury, a majority of those who reported a condition also said that condition prevented their housing stability. Providers noted that those with more severe disabilities can often require in-home supportive service to maintain independent housing.
Even though many homeless and formerly homeless individuals are eligible for Medi-Cal funded in-home supportive services (IHSS) that could assist with basic care, there are not enough IHSS workers in Napa to meet community demands. For people with disabilities that prevent them from performing basic self-care tasks, such as bathing and dressing without assistance, there are no emergency housing options available.
29 Defined as one of the following conditions: a physical disability, chronic health condition, mental health problem, and/or substance abuse issue expected to be of long-continued and indefinite duration and substantially impairs ability to live independently; a developmental disability; and/or HIV/AIDS
40.6%
50.5%
72.9%
40.6%
10.0%
62.2%
1.5%
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0%
Any chronic health problem or medical condition
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Any psychiatric or emotional conditions
A physical disability
A traumatic brain injury
Drug or alcohol abuse
An AIDS or an HIV related illness
Reported Health Conditions
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36 Providers report that as Napa’s PSH programs do not typically directly provide clients with sufficient support from licensed mental health professionals, current programs may not meet the needs of participants with serious mental illness (SMI). They also note that many individuals who are homeless and have a SMI may be best served by residential programs that provide more intensive support. However, county-funded residential program beds are assigned through a different process, and clients may benefit from increased system-level coordination to streamline and integrate these processes.
In focus groups and stakeholder interviews, providers noted that clients with high mental health service needs have difficulty being matched to the right level of care and support to help them access and maintain housing.
Community case workers and other providers reported that clients in the emergency medical and shelter systems often have intensive medical, mental health and substance abuse needs, and there are limited on-site or community-based resources to meet these needs. Community caseworkers serving clients in scattered site permanent supportive housing may require more time to travel between scattered site units and develop relationships with multiple landlords.
Shelter staff cannot provide self-care assistance. Although policies allow care providers to come onsite to assist residents, it is extremely difficult to obtain a care provider. Shelter staff and community case managers reported there are not enough community-based mental health clinicians to help high-acuity individuals break down barriers that may cause or exacerbate homelessness. Providers report that existing programs that provide wraparound community-based services do not have capacity or funding to address the needs of all homeless people with disabilities requiring community-based support.
LGBTQ
Although there are few places an individual’s LGBTQ+ identity is collected or consistently collected, it is collected through the community’s PIT survey, with gender identity specifically being tracked across CoC and state programs. According to the 2020 PIT, approximately 11% of people identified as being something other than heterosexual, with 1% of people identifying as something other than cisgender30 (such as transgender or
30 Cisgender typically designates that an individual identifies with the gender that they were assigned at birth. For individuals who identify with a gender other than what they were assigned at birth, they might consider themselves transgender or non-binary depending. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Chronic health problem or medical condition
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Psychiatric or emotional conditions
Physical disability
Traumatic brain injury
Drug or alcohol abuse
AIDS or HIV related illness
Impact of Health Conditions on Obtaining Housing
2020 PIT Survey
Respondent experiences condition and reports it prevents housing Respondent experiences condition and does not report it prevents housing ATTACHMENT 1
37 non-binary). While transgender and gender non-confirming people often make up a small number of the homeless population, LGBTQ+ people are over-represented across homeless systems of care nationwide at increasing rates.31 Studies have shown that nearly one out of three transgender and gender non-conforming people experience homelessness at some point in their lives, and many report experiences of discrimination and denial of services and housing.32 Because of this, they may not be comfortable disclosing their identity and are often not accurately reflected in PIT counts and HMIS data. Community providers point to the need to complete a targeted assessment of program policies, procedures, and client-facing materials and provide staff training to ensure that providers create inclusive spaces for LGBTQ clients.
People Exiting Institutions
HUD defines people exiting institutions as people exiting jail, substance abuse, or mental health treatment facility, hospital, or other similar facilities. Providers across the system of care indicate that many individuals exiting institutionalization settings are medically and mentally stable and sober at the time of discharge, and able to engage around housing goals, but rapidly decompensate when discharged to shelters or the streets.
Providers reported that people exiting institutionalization would often be best served by a transitional housing or treatment setting that provides a supportive environment so they can maintain stability, but it is very rare that placement is readily available at these settings.
Criminal justice and homeless system providers report a need for improved cross-system collaboration to support individuals exiting incarceration. Providers reports that while there are providers in jail that connect inmates with public benefits and provide mental health services and discharge planning, those providers do not have capacity to serve all inmates needing services. Providers report that although many inmates with substance abuse histories obtain sobriety while in jail and would like to exit directly to substance abuse treatment, it is very hard to find available placements for inmates and they often return to homelessness. The California Council on Criminal Justice and Behavioral Health reports key systemic barriers to housing people exiting incarceration, including silos between criminal justice and other systems, lack of data regarding the intersection of homelessness and incarceration, lack of resources and stigma among housing providers, and regulatory barriers to accessing housing.33 In alignment with these findings, local providers report they often encounter parolees who are exited from prison without a housing plan in place.
Federal regulations define those who have been in an institutional setting for more than 90 days as “housed,” and ineligible for homeless services. People who were homeless prior to institutionalization may exit residential settings, such a mental health or substance abuse treatment, prematurely due concerns about becoming ineligible for homeless services if they remain in treatment. Providers report that this may disproportionately impact older adults, who may be more likely to require hospitals or nursing home stays that exceed 90 days.
31 National Alliance to End Homelessness, Trans and Gender Non-Conforming Homelessness. (2017). https://endhomelessness.org/trans-and- gender-non-conforming-homelessness/
32 Sandy E. James and others, The Report of the 2015 US Transgender Survey. National Center for Transgender Equality. 2016. Available at:
https://www.transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/usts/USTS%20Full%20Report%20-%20FINAL%201.6.17.pdf 33 The Council of State Governments, Reducing Homelessness for People with Behavioral Health Needs Leaving Prisons and Jails. February 2021. https://csgjusticecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Reducing-Homelessness-CA_Final.pdf
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38 NAPA CITY-COUNTY CONTINUUM OF
CARE STRATEGIC PLAN: GOALS AND
STRATEGIES
The following goals and strategies represent communitywide feedback on how to reach the community goal of making homelessness for individuals and families in Napa County rare, brief, and nonrecurring. These goals and strategies are intended to guide the Napa Continuum of Care’s (CoC) planning efforts to reach that community goal. A key role of the CoC is to make recommendations for the homeless system of care and other local stakeholders to consider when implementing programs, as well as to identify points of advocacy and community organization needed to effectively address homelessness. These goals and strategies represent best-practice recommendations and ways to address identified needs in Napa County, as suggested by local governments, community-based organizations, healthcare and other service providers, people with lived experience, business leaders, and others in the community.
The goals and strategies presented are not a community mandate, but a set of recommendations that will be adapted to address a dynamic and complex issue. Achieving these goals will require funding and cross-system alignment. These goals and strategies represent the CoC’s recommendations for a three-year period beginning July 2022. The CoC acknowledges that there are funding limitations, and the system may need more than three years to consider and implement each strategy and goal. The CoC intends to regularly review the plan and collaborate with member agencies to provide an annual progress report, and to revisit and update the plan in 2025.
Through an analysis of community feedback, data, and reports, five main goals were established to address homelessness in Napa County:
1. Expand access to permanent housing, including permanent supportive housing, rapid rehousing, and other housing opportunities, for people experiencing or at risk of homelessness
2. Prevent households from becoming homeless for the first time, and rapidly rehouse newly homeless households.
3. Expand access to and quality of services for people experiencing homelessness in Napa County.
4. Build upon cross-system partnerships and collaborations to target and serve all people experiencing homelessness in Napa County.
5. Ensure that Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging are core considerations in program development and that all members of the community have equal access to care.
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39 Goal 1: Expand access to permanent housing,
including permanent supportive housing, rapid
rehousing, and other housing opportunities, for
people experiencing or at risk of homelessness
Strategies for review and possible implementation include:
1) Streamline and help coordinate creation of new units specifically for people experiencing homelessness
a. Explore ways to create opportunities for developers, City and County staff, anchor services providers, and other relevant stakeholders to collaboratively identify ways to expand new housing opportunities for people at risk of or experiencing homelessness
b. Continue to support local policies that require developers to set aside units for people experiencing homelessness at housing projects in development c. Identify tools and methods to support housing developers in applying for construction, renovation, and rehabilitation funds for units that will be dedicated to people experiencing or at risk of homelessness
d. Advocate for the expansion of local, including philanthropic and municipal, funding for housing development to provide additional local matching leverage e. Advocate for local zoning codes that increase affordable housing opportunities f. Identify potential local regulatory barriers to housing development targeted towards people experiencing or at risk of experiencing homelessness 2) Advocate for projects in development to include deed-restricted units for people experiencing homelessness
3) Develop standard operating procedures and strategies for community engagement for new properties that include low-income and homeless units 4) Support opportunities for existing residential units to be affordable and accessible for people experiencing homelessness
a. Seek opportunities to expand the availability of rental subsidies and voucher programs targeted to individuals experiencing homelessness b. Explore ways to increase pool of participating landlords through utilization of landlord engagement and risk mitigation strategies
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40 c. Partner with faith-based and service organizations and community groups to expand network of landlords, increase awareness of homeless programs, highlight successful efforts with landlords, and share information about the cost- savings to the community and positive impact for people who exited homelessness.
d. Engage private partners, such as service agencies and the faith community, to encourage monetary contributions to the Landlord Mitigation and Flexible Housing Funds.
e. Collaborate with local criminal justice system partners to discuss barriers and identify solutions to housing those with felony convictions. f. Expand opportunities to create shared housing programs based on existing successful community models to utilize single family homes, and 2- and 3- bedroom units, coordinating across programs as much as possible g. Explore funding sources to support expanding the Housing Choice Voucher Tenancy Care program to serve all housing programs, while ensuring housing navigation remains available for all housing program clients. 5) Identify properties not used for housing that may be available for conversion to affordable housing for people experiencing homelessness a. Create list of potential Homekey eligible sites to quickly leverage new funding 6) Identify opportunities to expand permanent housing and supportive service options that meet the needs of subpopulations exiting homelessness including aging and older adults, adults with disabilities, and transitional-aged youth
a. Seek funding to develop permanent supportive housing that meets the needs of the highest acuity individuals by partnering with community healthcare and mental healthcare providers to provide comprehensive, intensive, in-home medical and mental health support
b. Explore ways to increase access to community based medical case management and interdisciplinary care
c. Advocate for increased access to in-home caregiving services such as incentive programs and recruitment strategies to increase pool of In-Home Supportive Services workers
d. Identify ways to expand home share programs targeted to seniors and caregivers
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41 Goal 2: Prevent households from becoming homeless
for the first time, and rapidly rehouse newly homeless
households
Strategies for review and possible implementation include:
1) Create and implement a system-wide diversion and homeless prevention program across all homeless programs, with flexible funding and services designed to meet the needs of people risk of experiencing homelessness
2) Provide ongoing education and training on problem-solving conversations and other case management best practices that support diversion and rapid resolution 3) Engage nontraditional community partners in creating and supporting homeless prevention efforts
a. Increase coordination with foster care to prevent homelessness for those aging out of care
b. Increase prevention and legal advocacy resources targeted to undocumented households at risk of losing housing as well as to other at-risk households c. Increase coordination with probation to provide homeless prevention services for those at risk of losing housing during incarceration or exiting into homelessness
d. Explore ways to coordinate discharge procedures for criminal justice involved individuals
e. Engage partners in exploring case management, legal, and advocacy strategies to better implement anti-discrimination and other tenancy rights, including fair housing, reasonable accommodations, and others
4) Investigate and advocate for implementation of best practices in tenant protections.
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42 Goal 3: Expand access to and quality of services for people experiencing homelessness in Napa County
Strategies for review and possible implementation include:
1) Ensure streamlined and equitable access to homeless outreach for the full geography and population of Napa County
a. Diversify outreach strategies to include utilization of trusted messengers through peer support programs, key Facebook pages and groups, and other forms of social media people experiencing homelessness use to receive information and communicate
b. Seek opportunities to fund a peer support program as part of an interdisciplinary outreach approach to utilize peers with lived experience of homelessness for street outreach, system navigation, and leadership and job development c. Ensure all outreach, shelter, and referral agencies have access and training to effectively link people to housing focused resources
d. Develop partnerships to increase outreach and services available to communities outside the City of Napa.
2) Improve access to safe and supportive low-barrier temporary housing options for all families and individuals
a. Explore ways to increase the availability of emergency shelter options for families and individuals
b. Develop a diversion/prevention resource program and identify financial resources to sustain program on an ongoing basis
c. Explore ways to increase on site-services at emergency shelter sites to reduce barriers to admission and improve housing outcomes for residents d. Advocate for the co-location of on-site community and social services at emergency shelter locations.
e. Review shelter policies and strategies to reduce barriers for those clients with pets
f. Evaluate the feasibility of a safe parking program with emphasis on space for RVs, with on-site access to supportive services
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43 3) Deepen integration and coordination of access to shelter services that meet the needs of clients with disabilities
a. Evaluate the need for clinicians to provide documentation of specific disabilities and identify ways to create partnerships to address needs b. Explore emergency housing options for those who cannot currently be safely served in congregate shelter due to medical or mental health needs.
4) Explore ways to strengthen partnerships between fair housing advocacy agencies and homeless service providers to expedite access to legal aid and housing advocacy for people experiencing or at risk of experiencing homelessness.
Goal 4: Build upon cross -system partnerships and
collaborations to target and serve all people
experiencing homelessness in Napa County
Strategies for review and possible implementation include:
1) Utilize and expand upon existing partnerships to expand access to mental health services for people experiencing homelessness
a. Coordinate the use of the county mental health mobile crisis team to reduce hospitalization or incarceration of people experiencing homelessness b. Explore need for geographic expansion of services targeted towards individuals with high service needs
c. Work with local health care systems to support medical respite beds for discharging and medically fragile individuals experiencing homelessness 2) Expand access to substance abuse treatment for people experiencing homelessness ATTACHMENT 1
44 a. Explore ways to streamline pathways and partnerships to increase access to substance abuse treatment and other housing focused services for those exiting criminal justice or institutional settings
b. Explore opportunities to develop partnerships to improve discharge planning for clients that do not have a housing plan upon completion of treatment. 3) Increase coordination of cross-system case management to provide integrated care that promotes successful housing outcomes
a) Develop streamlined processes for providers, and city and county agencies/departments to engage joint outreach and case planning with shared clients
b) Build cross-system partnerships with agencies serving homeless youth to ensure that the families of youth who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence, but do not meet HUD criteria for homelessness, are provided with prevention and diversion resources, and educated on rights and services provided under the McKinney-Vento Act
c) Increase cross system partnerships with agencies servicing aging and older adults to develop innovative solutions to meet the housing needs of the aging population
Goal 5: Ensure that Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and
Belonging are core considerations in program
development, service delivery, governance, and that
all members of the community have equal access to
the system care
Strategies for review and possible implementation include:
1) Establish a Lived Experience Advisory Board to incorporate guidance from those with lived expertise into CoC level decision making impacting the homeless community 2) Explore the establishment a formal system-level Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion workgroup, comprised of cross-system leaders, to develop, implement, and evaluate a strategic DEI plan for the homeless system of care
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45 3) Provide accessible and regular DEI training and resources to homeless system staff, including access to voluntary trainings and materials for self-guided learning a. Provide training for all system of care providers on cultural competency, service eligibility, and considerations when serving the undocumented community 4) Develop and implement a Language Access Plan for city outreach and emergency shelter programs, encompassing standards, policies, procedures, to ensure the Spanish speaking community has equal access to the front door on the system of care
5) Continue efforts to analyze and ensure equal access for Black, Indigenous, and People of Color, and ensure programs are meeting the needs of those communities 6) Develop processes for cross system training, referral, and technical assistance with local LGBTQ organizations to ensure the system of care provides inclusive and equitable care to members of LGBTQ community experiencing homelessness 7) Partner with religious institutions, non-profits, and legal aid organizations serving the Latinx community to develop a comprehensive outreach and engagement plan that meets the needs of the monolingual Spanish speaking and undocumented community 8) Build partnerships with tribal entities and organizations serving Native American communities to increase the reach of the system of care 9) Review current coordinated assessment tool and assessment process to ensure it meets the needs of the Napa community, including people of all ages, races, and ethnicities
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46 Appendix I: 2022 Napa Homeless Resources
The following is a non-exhaustive list of Napa community resources and agencies providing services to individuals experiencing homeless or at risk of homelessness. The table is intended to provide a high-level overview of key programs and services currently serving the Napa community.
Program
Prevention & Referral
Outreach & Drop-In
Services
Shelter & Transitional
Housing
Permanent Supportive
Housing
Rapid-Rehousing
Other Housing
Care Coordination & Case
Management
Healthcare
Behavioral Healthcare
Employment
Criminal Justice
Diversion/Re-Entry
Other (Food,
Transportation)
Abode Services: operates homeless outreach teams covering the County geography, the South Napa Shelter (101 bed emergency shelter), Winter Shelter (seasonal 55 bed emergency shelter), South Napa Day Center, Rapid Re-Housing, and permanent supportive housing
X X X X X X
Buckelew Programs, Supportive Living Program: provides permanent supportive housing to individuals with serious mental illness who are chronically homeless X
Catholic Charities Archdiocese of Santa Rosa: operates Rainbow House family shelter (serves 7 family units), operates 5 permanent supportive housing beds at Red House, and operates Nightingale, an 11-bed medical respite facility for individuals experiencing homelessness or at risk of homelessness exiting the hospital.
X X
Community Action Napa Valley: Operates a culinary training program for homeless and low involve individuals, operates the Kids Development and Family Program to provide early education to homeless and low-income children between 18 months and 5 years old, and operates meals on wheels.
X X
Housing Authority of the City of Napa: administers numerous subsidized housing programs that prioritize individuals experiencing or at risk of homelessness, including Shelter Plus Care, the Mainstream Voucher Program, Emergency Voucher Program, HUD-VASH, and Non-Elderly Disabled programs.
X X
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47 ATTACHMENT 1
48 ATTACHMENT 1
49 ATTACHMENT 1
50 ATTACHMENT 1
51 People Experiencing
Homelessness
Source and
Date Timeframe of Data
TOTAL # OF PEOPLE EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS 464 2020 PIT # of People Who are Sheltered (ES, TH, SH) 161 2020 PIT # of People Who are Unsheltered 303 2020 PIT
# of Households without Children 380 2020 PIT
# of Households with At Least 1 Adult & 1 Child 7 2020 PIT # of Households with Only Children 0 2020 PIT
# of Adults Who are Experiencing Chronic Homelessness 200 2020 PIT # of Adults Who are Experiencing Significant Mental Illness 286 2020 PIT # of Adults Who are Experiencing Substance Abuse Disorders 216 2020 PIT # of Adults Who are Veterans 60 2020 PIT
# of Adults with HIV/AIDS 6 2020 PIT
# of Adults Who are Survivors of Domestic Violence 83 2020 PIT # of Unaccompanied Youth (under 25) 54 2020 PIT
# of Parenting Youth (under 25) 0 2020 PIT
# of People Who are Children of Parenting Youth 0 2020 PIT # of Women/Girls 130 2020 PIT
# of Men/Boys 332 2020 PIT
# of People Who are Transgender 2 2020 PIT
# of People Who are Gender Non-Conforming 0 2020 PIT
# of People Who are Hispanic/Latino 86 2020 PIT
# of People Who are Non-Hispanic/Non-Latino 378 2020 PIT # of People Who are Black or African American 18 2020 PIT # of People Who are Asian 6 2020 PIT
# of People Who are American Indian or Alaska Native 31 2020 PIT # of People Who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 11 2020 PIT # of People Who are White 350 2020 PIT
# of People Who are Multiple Races 48 2020 PIT
Ethnicity and Race Demographics
Table 1. Landscape Analysis of Needs and Demographics
Population and Living Situations
Household Composition
Sub-Populations and Other Characteristics
Gender Demographics
ATTACHMENT 1
52 Permanent
Supportive Housing
(PSH)
Rapid
Rehousing
(RRH)
Transitional
Housing
(TH)
Intermin Housing or
Emergency Shelter
(IH / ES)
Diversion Services
and Assistance
(DIV)
Homelessness
Prevention Services &
Assistance (HP)
Outreach and
Engagement Services
(O/R)
Other: [Identify] Source(s) and Timeframe of Data
Household Composition
# of Households without Children 60 107 51 318 16 130 381 HMIS APRs- 10/1/2020 - 9/30/2021 # of Households with At Least 1 Adult & 1
Child 1 47 0 18 2 91 27
# of Households with Only Children 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Sub-Populations and Other
Characteristics
# of Adults Who are Experiencing
Chronic Homelessness 33 73 5 147 0 1 149
# of Adults Who are Experiencing
Significant Mental Illness 60 85 49 160 0 13 194
# of Adults Who are Experiencing
Substance Abuse Disorders 11 17 14 48 0 1 52
# of Adults Who are Veterans 4 28 2 15 2 7 21
# of Adults with HIV/AIDS 4 0 0 4 0 0 2
# of Adults Who are Survivors of
Domestic Violence 15 59 6 13 0 18 103
# of Unaccompanied Youth (under 25) 0 11 10 19 0 11 14
# of Parenting Youth (under 25) 0 3 0 2 0 2 1
# of People Who are Children of
Parenting Youth 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gender Demographics
# of Women/Girls 25 83 20 118 9 229 163
# of Men/Boys 37 91 31 223 11 141 253
# of People Who are Transgender 0 1 0 2 0 0 0
# of People Who are Gender Non-
Conforming 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Ethnicity and Race Demographics
# of People Who are Hispanic/Latino 11 100 15 121 9 471 150 # of People Who are Non-Hispanic/Non-
Latino 52 151 32 253 15 79 322
# of People Who are Black or African
American 2 18 3 26 0 7 26
# of People Who are Asian 1 2 0 1 0 0 2
# of People Who are American Indian or
Alaska Native 9 12 4 40 3 10 37
# of People Who are Native Hawaiian or
Other Pacific Islander 0 3 0 3 0 4 2
# of People Who are White 50 202 39 289 18 406 384
# of People Who are Multiple Races 1 10 0 15 3 117 17
Table 2. Landscape Analysis of People Being Served
ATTACHMENT 1
53 Funding Program
(choose from drop down options)
Fiscal Year
(select all that apply)
Total Amount
Invested into
Homelessness
Interventions Funding Source*
Brief Description of Programming and
Services Provided
FY 2021-2022 Permanent Supportive and Service-
Enriched Housing
People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) FY 2021-2022 Diversion and Homelessness
Prevention Rental Assistance
FY 2022-2023 People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth X
Other: individuals at risk of
homelessness
FY 2021-2022 Non-Congregate Shelter/ Interim
Housing
People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) FY 2021-2022 Permanent Supportive and Service-
Enriched Housing
People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth X
Other: affordable housing;
farmworker exiting
homelessness; extremely
low income
FY 2021-2022 Non-Congregate Shelter/ Interim
Housing
People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) FY 2021-2022 Diversion and Homelessness
Prevention
Rental Assistance People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth X
Literally Homeless Families in
the CalWorks Program
FY 2021-2022 Outreach and Engagement
FY 2022-2023 Rental Assistance X People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
FY 2023-2024 People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth X
Other: Literally homeless
invididuals eligible for
disability benefits.
FY 2021-2022 Diversion and Homelessness
Prevention
FY 2022-2023 Rental Assistance People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
FY 2023-2024 People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth FY 2024-2025
People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth X
Other Adult Protective
Services (APS) clients who
are experiencing
homelessness or at imminent
risk of homelessness as a
result of elder or
dependent abuse, neglect,
self-neglect, or financial
exploitation, as determined
by the adult protective
services agency.
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Home Safe - via CDSS $ 260,558.00 State Agency
Napa County Adult Protective Services
FY21-22 Allocation. Home Safe offers a
range of strategies to prevent
homelessness and support ongoing
housing stability for APS clients, including
housing-related intensive case
management, short-term housing related
financial assistance, deep cleaning to
maintain safe housing, eviction
prevention, landlord mediation, and
more.
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
$ 435,866.00
HDAP FY20-22 allocation to Napa
County. HHSA contracts with Abode
Services. Services offered through HDAP
include outreach, case management,
disability advocacy, and housing
assistance.
Housing and Disability Advocacy
Program (HDAP) - via CDSS State Agency
Multifamily Housing Program (MHP) - via
HCD State Agency
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Project Roomkey and Rehousing - via
CDSS State Agency
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
CalWORKs Housing Support Program
(HSP) - via CDSS State Agency
X
$646,168
FY2021-2022 HSP allocation to Napa HHSA
Self-Sufficiency Services. Napa's Housing
Support Program (HSP) provides ongoing
case management, housing lcoation
assistance, and payment assistance for
rental application fees, credit reports,
moving expenses, rental payments,
security deposits, and utility deposts.
Program regulations expanded to allow
spending on homeless prevention.
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
$ 77,922.00
FY20/21 Allocation to County of Napa to
provide non-congregate shelter for
individuals experiencing homelessness
who were medically vulnerable and/or
elderly.
$ 12,808,871.00
MHP Round 3 Funding to Burbank Housing
for development of Heratige House &
Valley Verde.
Populations Served
(please "x" the appropriate population[s])
Table 3. Landscape Analysis of State, Federal and Local Funding TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
X
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
Homekey (via HCD) $ 2,100,000.00 State Agency Homekey Round 1 allocation to County
of Napa for captial acquisition of 14-set-
aside unit project for individuals exiting
homelessness.
Intervention Types Supported with Funding
(select all that apply)
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
California COVID-19 Rent Relief Program -
via HCD $ 16,000,000.00 State Agency
ERA1 & ERA2 funds adminstered through
HCD ERAP program reserved for Napa
County. The State Rental Assistance
Program is intended to help eligible
households cover rental and utilities
arrears, to assist with prospective
payments for rent and utilities, and to
provide funding for housing stabilization
services and other housing related
Emergency Solutions Grants - CV (ESG-
CV) - via HUD $ 498,015.00 State Agency Non-congregate shelter hotel rooms for vulnerable individuals. X
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
ATTACHMENT 1
54 FY 2021-2022 Diversion and Homelessness
Prevention
FY 2022-2023 Rental Assistance People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
FY 2023-2024 People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth FY 2024-2025
People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth X
Other (BFH targets families
involved with the child
welfare system who are
experiencing homelessness.
FY 2021-2022 Administrative Activities
Rental Assistance People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
Permanent Supportive and Service-
Enriched Housing
People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth Systems Support Activities People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) FY 2021-2022 Rental Assistance
FY 2022-2023 People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
FY 2023-2024 People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth FY 2024-2025
People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) FY 2021-2022 Rental Assistance
FY 2022-2023 X People Exp Chronic
Homelessness X Veterans Parenting Youth
FY 2023-2024 People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth FY 2024-2025 People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) FY 2022-2023 Rental Assistance
FY 2022-2023 People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
FY 2023-2024 People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth FY 2024-2025 People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth X
Other Children and families
experiencing homelessness
or at risk of homelesness.
FY 2021-2022 Rental Assistance
FY 2022-2023 People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
FY 2023-2024 People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth FY 2024-2025 People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) FY 2021-2022 Rental Assistance
FY 2022-2023 Outreach and Engagement People Exp Chronic Homelessness X Veterans Parenting Youth
Diversion and Homelessness
Prevention
People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) FY 2021-2022 Outreach and Engagement
FY 2022-2023 Diversion and Homelessness
Prevention
People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
FY 2023-2024 Permanent Supportive and Service-
Enriched Housing
People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth FY 2024-2025 People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) FY 2021-2022 Permanent Supportive and Service-
Enriched Housing
People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) FY 2021-2022 Administrative Activities
FY 2022-2023 Systems Support Activities People Exp Chronic Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
Outreach and Engagement People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) FY 2021-2022 Outreach and Engagement
FY 2022-2023 Systems Support Activities People Exp Chronic Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
FY 2023-2024 Administrative Activities People Exp Severe Mental Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth FY 2024-2025 People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here )
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Local General Fund $ 1,000,000.00
City of Napa General Fund, used for
emergency shelter and outreach and
engagement, system supports and
encampment resolution.
X
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Local General Fund $ 3,884,000.00 Local Agency Napa County General Fund
appropriated to the homeless response
system. This amount includes: CES, HMIS,
homeless shelters, outreach activies and
all grant adminstration and compliance
staffing and contracts. The City of Napa
contributes $650 as a cost share of shelter
activities.
X
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Coronavirus Fiscal Recovery Funds (CFRF) -
via Treasury $ 2,000,000.00 Federal Agency Captial Acquisition costs for 54-unit PSH project. X
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Coronavirus Fiscal Recovery Funds (CFRF) -
via Treasury $ 3,500,000.00 Federal Agency City of Napa allocation, for emergency
housing assistance, Project Roomkey
match, supportive services and street
outreach.
X
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Supportive Services for Veteran Families
Program (SSVF) - via VA $8,344,505.00
FY21 regional allocation to Nation's Finest
SSVF grantee, for provision of rapid
rehousing and supportive services to
eligible Veterans in mutiple CA and NV
counties.
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Housing Choice Vouchers (HCVs) - via
HUD 75+ vouchers Federal Agency Vouchers dedicated to CES Units
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Family Unification Program Vouchers
(FUP) - via HUD 134 Vouchers Federal Agency FUP voucher allcoation as of 11/21.
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
HUD-VA Supportive Housing Program
Vouchers (HUD-VASH) - via HUD 27 Vouchers Federal Agency VASH voucher allocation as of 11/21.
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Emergency Housing Vouchers (EHVs) - via
HUD 45+ Vouchers Federal Agency FY21 EHV allocation.
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Continuum of Care Program (CoC) - via
HUD $ 866,307.00 Federal Agency FY 2020 CoC award. Funds HMIS, CE, CoC administration, PSH and RRH projects. X
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Bringing Families Home (BFH) - via CDSS $ 250,000.00 State Agency FY2021-2022 BFH allocation to Napa
County HHSA, Child Welfare Services.
HHSA administers this program, with
collaboration from SSSD and Child
Welfare Services. Provides housing-
related case management and financial
assistance.
ATTACHMENT 1
55 FY 2021-2022 Diversion and Homelessness
Prevention
FY 2022-2023 People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
FY 2023-2024 People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth FY 2024-2025
People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth X
Other: Individuals and
families who are at risk of
homelessness, or
experiencing homelessness.
FY 2021-2022 Permanent Supportive and Service-
Enriched Housing
FY 2022-2023 X People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
FY 2023-2024 People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth FY 2024-2025 People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth X
Other: Transitional Aged
Youth
FY 2021-2022 Rental Assistance
FY 2022-2023 Systems Support Activities People Exp Chronic Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
FY 2023-2024 Diversion and Homelessness
Prevention
People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth FY 2024-2025
People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) Systems Support Activities
FY 2022-2023 Rental Assistance People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
FY 2023-2024 People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth FY 2024-2025 People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) FY 2022-2023 Outreach and Engagement
People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) FY 2021-2022 Systems Support Activities
FY 2022-2023 Outreach and Engagement People Exp Chronic Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
Diversion and Homelessness
Prevention
People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) FY 2021-2022 Outreach and Engagement
FY 2022-2023 People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
FY 2023-2024 People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth FY 2024-2025 People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) FY 2021-2022 Systems Support Activities
FY 2022-2023 People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
FY 2023-2024 People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth FY 2024-2025 People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) FY 2021-2022 Permanent Supportive and Service-
Enriched Housing
People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) FY 2021-2022 Non-Congregate Shelter/ Interim
Housing
FY 2022-2023 People Exp Chronic
Homelessness Veterans Parenting Youth
FY 2023-2024 People Exp Severe Mental
Illness People Exp HIV/ AIDS Children of Parenting Youth FY 2024-2025
People Exp Substance
Abuse Disorders Unaccompanied Youth Other (please enter here ) Other (please enter funding source) $ 1,000,000.00 State Agency One -time housing funds for Whole Person Care Pilot Program. X
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Other (please enter funding source) $ 1,000,000.00 Private Funder(s) Providence St. Joseph's contribution for
Project Homekey (Valley Lodge
Apartments).
X
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Other (please enter funding source) $ 180,000.00 State Agency PLHA County Allocation; tenancy care and housing stabilization services. X
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Other (please enter funding source) $ 150,000.00 State Agency PLHA City Allocation; street outreach and engagement services. X
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Other (please enter funding source) $ 2,000,000.00 State Agency Community Based Transitional Housing
program grant awarded to Napa County
via the CA Dept. of Finance. Provided jail
in-reach diversion and engagement
services, enhanced enforcement-related
in/around the area directly adjacent to
the emergency shelter.
X
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Emergency Solutions Grants (ESG) - via
HCD $ 200,000.00 State Agency City of Napa allocation for street outreach. X
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Homeless Housing, Assistance and
Prevention Program (HHAP) - via Cal ICH $ 410,645.00 State Agency HHAP2 County allocation combined with
CoC re-directed allocation. Funds used
to provide RRH- rental assistance.
X
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Homeless Housing, Assistance and
Prevention Program (HHAP) - via Cal ICH $ 851,410.70 State Agency HHAP1 County allocation combined with
CoC re-directed allocation. Funds used
to provide RRH- rental assistance, and
shelter CIP upgrades as well as Diversion,
Prevention and Landlord Incentives.
X
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
Homekey (via HCD) $ 18,113,600.00 State Agency Homekey Round 2 allocation to City of
Napa for conversion of 54 motel rooms
into permanent supported housing for
chronically homeless, homeless, and
transitional age youth, in partnership with
Burbank Housing.
X
Other (please enter funding source) $811,056 Private Funder(s) Season of Sharing, received in monthly
distributions of $67,588. Provides
emergency financial assistance for
individuals and families who are at risk of
homelessness.
ALL PEOPLE
EXPERIENCING
HOMELESSNESS
TARGETED POPULATIONS (please "x" all that apply )
ATTACHMENT 1
56 ATTACHMENT 1
57 Outcome Goal #4: Reducing the length of time persons remain homeless.
Baseline Data:
Average length of time (in # of days) persons enrolled in street outreach, emergency shelter, transitional housing, safe haven projects and time prior to move-in for persons enrolled in rapid rehousing and permanent housing projects
Outcome Goals July 1, 2021 - June 30, 2024
Decrease in Average # of Days Decrease as % Change from Baseline 77 0 0%
Describe Your Related Goals for
Underserved Populations and Populations Disproportionately Impacted by Homelessness Describe any underserved and/ or disproportionately impacted population(s) that your community will especially focus on related to this Outcome Goal and how this focus has been informed by data in your landscape assessment:
Describe the trackable data goal(s) related to this
Outcome Goal:
Local data shows that while the average person experiencing homelessness in Napa spends 77 days technically homeless, Veterans remain homeless for an average of 128 days.
Reduce the amount of time Veterans spend
homeless by 5%
Outcome Goal #5: Reducing the number of persons who return to homelessness after exiting homelessness to permanent housing.
Baseline Data:
% of people who return to homelessness after having exited homelessness to permanent housing
Outcome Goals July 1, 2021 - June 30, 2024
Decrease in % of People who return to
Homelessness Decrease as % Change from Baseline
10.29% 0% 0%
Describe Your Related Goals for
Underserved Populations and Populations Disproportionately Impacted by Homelessness Describe any underserved and/ or disproportionately impacted population(s) that your community will especially focus on related to this Outcome Goal and how this focus has been informed by data in your landscape assessment:
Describe the trackable data goal(s) related to this
Outcome Goal:
People who identify as American Indian or Alaskan Native have the highest rates of returns to homelessness, returning to homelessness between 30% - 40% of the time after exiting to permanent housing depending on the specific identity.
Reduce the rates households that identify as
American Indian or Alaskan Native return to
homelessness by 5%
Outcome Goal #6: Increasing successful placements from street outreach.
Baseline Data:
Annual # of people served in street outreach projects who exit to emergency shelter, safe haven, transitional housing, or permanent housing destinations.
Outcome Goals July 1, 2021 - June 30, 2024
Increase in # of People Successfully
Placed from Street Outreach Increase as % of Baseline
2 22 1000%
Describe Your Related Goals for
Underserved Populations and Populations Disproportionately Impacted by Homelessness Describe any underserved and/ or disproportionately impacted population(s) that your community will especially focus on related to this Outcome Goal and how this focus has been informed by data in your landscape assessment:
Describe the trackable data goal(s) related to this
Outcome Goal:
Community feedback has reported a lack of bilingual and culturally competent outreach workers could be leading to a lower amount of people served who might be monolingual Spanish speakers and/or Hispanic/Latino.
Increase the number of households exited
from SO identifying as Hispanic/Latino by
30%
ATTACHMENT 1
58 ATTACHMENT 1
59 Strategy #3 Performance Measure to Be Impacted
(Check all that apply)
Description
1. Reducing the number of persons experiencing homelessness.
2. Reducing the number of persons who become homeless for the first time.
3. Increasing the number of people exiting homelessness into permanent housing.
4. Reducing the length of time persons remain homeless.
5. Reducing the number of persons who return to homelessness after exiting homelessness to permanent housing.
6. Increasing successful placements from street outreach.
Focused on equity goals related to underserved populations and populations disproportionately impacted by homelessness.
Reduce returns to homelessness by utilizing HUD Emergency Housing Vouchers (EHVs) to transition homeless families current in RRH who require ongoing subsidies to subsidies that are not time limited.
Timeframe
By November 2021
Entities with Lead Responsibilities
Napa City, Napa City & County Continuum of Care, NEWS, Abode Services
Measurable Targets
Transition 45 clients from RRH programs to HUD Emergency Housing Vouchers (EHVs) by November 2021.
Strategy #4 Performance Measure to Be Impacted
(Check all that apply)
Description
1. Reducing the number of persons experiencing homelessness.
2. Reducing the number of persons who become homeless for the first time.
3. Increasing the number of people exiting homelessness into permanent housing.
4. Reducing the length of time persons remain homeless.
5. Reducing the number of persons who return to homelessness after exiting homelessness to permanent housing.
6. Increasing successful placements from street outreach.
Focused on equity goals related to underserved populations and populations disproportionately impacted by homelessness.
Expand housing placements for homeless households by using Multifamily Housing Program, Whole Person Care Pilot Programs financial assistance, funding to convert the vacant Sunrise Napa Assisted Living Facility into Valle Verde/Heritage House (permanent housing). Project will provide 58 SROs, 8 one-bedroom units, and 24 apartment units.
Timeframe
By end of 2023
Entities with Lead Responsibilities
Gasser Foundation, Burbank Housing, Abode Housing, the City of Napa and Napa County.
Measurable Targets
Start construction by 06/2022. Units to be occupied by end of 2023.
ATTACHMENT 1
60 ATTACHMENT 1
61 ATTACHMENT 1
62 ATTACHMENT 1
63 ATTACHMENT 1
64 2022 Napa Community Survey Results
Demographics of Respondents
0.88%
1.47%
0.59%
77.13%
8.50%
1.47% 9.97%
Where do you live?
Calistoga
St. Helena
Yountville
Napa
American Canyon
Unincorporated County
Other (please specify)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Napa resident/community member
Property owner
Service provider/community-based organization
Renter
City/County employee/elected official
Education sector (student, teacher, administrator, etc.) Community organizer/advocate
Faith-based community group
Business owner
Currently or formerly housing insecure/homeless
Neighborhood group/coalition
Other (please state)
Please select all areas you identify with:
ATTACHMENT 1
65 ATTACHMENT 1
66 ATTACHMENT 1
67 2022 Napa Community Survey Results
Potential Solutions and Areas for Growth
0 50
100
150
200
250
300
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Respondents
Ranking
What other facilities or initiatives would make the biggest impact on people experiencing homelessness?
Permanent Supportive Housing Homeless to work initiatives Women/children’s shelter Day centers
Navigation centers Cooling/heating centers
Safe parking Tiny homes
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
Mental health clinics
Rehab centers
Napa County
City of Napa
State agencies
Landlords
Businesses
Police Department
Foundations
Faith-based organizations
Cities and unincorporated areas
Hospitals
Schools and universities
What stakeholders would you like to see play a larger role in the response to homelessness?
ATTACHMENT 1