Organizational & Operational Analysis Napa Fire Department 195
Are there services the department is providing that you think should be discontinued or done differently?
• No, I believe the department is providing its services well. • Greatest consistency in patient care comes from the FD EMS personnel. • The FD paramedics need to maintain a lead role in patient care. • None that I’m aware of.
• No.
When you dial 911 to report an emergency, how long should it take for help to arrive? • Within 5 to 7 minutes.
• Within 5 to 8 minutes is a perfect number.
• As quick as possible.
• In the city, it should be less than 5 minutes.
• Every situation is unique and therefore it is hard to put a time on how long it should take. I truly feel confident that the Napa Fire Department will do their due diligence and react appropriately!
Does that expectation change depending on where in the community you are located? • Yes, you’re not going to get the same level of response that you would in downtown Napa.
• Outside the city and beyond, it will logically be longer. • Yes, if you live out in the rural area you may be waiting longer for them to arrive. • Most definitely it depends on the location but more importantly it depends on the situation. If it is a community disaster a different set of expectations exists. I have full confidence the Napa Fire Department will be at full force to address any emergency that they are faced with and in a timely manner whether it be near or far.
Do you believe the first arriving response units should be staffed and equipped to take appropriate actions given the emergency?
• Yes, at all levels of emergency response.
• Absolutely/100%.
• Experience matters a great deal, and properly trained/equipped paramedics provide the best care.
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Organizational & Operational Analysis Napa Fire Department 196
• Equipped, trained, and professional.
• Yes, indeed, in any situation all First Responders should be fully equipped to fully handle whatever the impending issue is. All of the staff should be fully trained and have full access to the equipment needed.
Additional Comments:
• I am totally enamored by how Chief Curren and his department have welcomed the CERT Team. They are a stellar group that show confidence, kindness. and an incredible professional demeanor. Our City of Napa CERT Team couldn't ask for better. And yes, they have definitely injected enthusiasm into our group after a long two years of Covid! We are so fortunate and look forward to a long alliance with these wonderful mentors!
Chief Officers, Labor Leaders, Rank & File, Administrative Staff Representatives What strengths contribute to the success of the department? What do you do well? • Our team is dialed. Good communication.
• We’re a family and we take care of one another.
• The department is very community focused.
• Technology (new website, electronic forms).
• Extremely efficient.
• The community is very supportive, and we have a very good relationship with them. • Healthy understanding of departments’ roles, responsibilities, and work life. • Our culture, based on our hiring process reflects our personnel’s strengths. • Engaged with helping the community.
• Going above and beyond in regard to service delivery. • Very proud of their EMS program.
• We have really a good recruiting system that brings in good people. • Collaborative relationship with the ambulance provider. • We do our job well with what we have.
• For a small department we offer several valuable services to the community.
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Organizational & Operational Analysis Napa Fire Department 197
What are some areas in which you think the department could make improvements? • Understanding various aspects of the entire department. • Add staffing.
• Enhance work-life balance.
• Recruitment-retention concerns for Prevention Bureau. • Aligning administrative support functions/hierarchy.
• Increase support staffing.
• The budget for the FD is too small to support all of the required services and specialized teams.
• Adding a Public Education Educator.
• We need to be involved in the development process earlier, so we can ensure FD needs are being considered.
• Many of the Fire Department’s facilities are old, not seismically sound, and in need of repair/total replacement. The City’s Information Technology Division does not have enough staff to support the growing IT needs.
• Diversity of apparatus response.
• Implement an emergency management.
• Getting more involvement from the provider medical director in conjunction with the local Medical Director.
• Co-locate admin and FP staff.
• Deployment of resources.
• Being able to cover all areas of response.
What do you see as the top critical issues facing the department today? • Staffing, and communication department-wide.
• Retention of prevention personnel.
• Greater support for information technology.
• FD budget has not increased or kept pace with rising costs. • Increased specialized training for prevention personnel. • Recruitment of personnel.
• Public expectations regarding response versus costs.
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Organizational & Operational Analysis Napa Fire Department 198
• Apparatus placement.
• Infrastructure/facilities.
• Department-wide communication (transparency/accountability/consistency).
What opportunities, in your view, are available to improve the service and capabilities of the region?
• Position-shadowing with other agencies to get different perspectives. • Conduct county-wide training (network opportunities). • Entire county should provide ALS care.
• Re-engage standardization of response processes.
• Implement boundary drops.
• Participation on regional incident management teams.
• Allow specialty teams to deploy outside the county.
• Single-point dispatching for all fire agencies (except for Cal Fire). • Standardize guidelines for aerial apparatus response and training throughout the county.
• Opportunities to use telehealth, bringing doctors to the pre-hospital setting. • Grant opportunities.
• Deployment of mutual-aid resources.
• Reengage inter-county TRT.
What challenges do you see to enacting those opportunities? • Scheduling availability and coordination of shadowing/networking. • The FD budget has not kept pace with the cost of doing business. • Partners willing to participate and support regional sharing opportunities. • Determining the best way to establish processes based on autonomy, legal requirements, and public expectations.
• Funding and staffing availability.
• Support from elected officials.
• Dedicated program funding.
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Organizational & Operational Analysis Napa Fire Department 199
If you could change one thing in the fire department, what would it be? • Additional staffing.
• Enhancing communication department-wide.
• Understanding the various divisions within the department. • Appropriately fund the department.
• Invest more in training.
• Engine 1 back in service.
• Working in partnership with the ambulance provider on responses (all are paramedics) and joint training with both agencies.
• Identify specific funding mechanisms.
How would you describe the level of emergency services provided by the fire department? • From what I’ve heard, we are an 8! A lot of community engagement. • For a smaller department, we provide excellent service. • Personnel commitment is very high, but we the lack funding necessary to be as good as we could be.
• Department gets a rating of 7.5, out of 10. Would be an 8.5 if we had sufficient funding/resources.
• Current EMS/ALS model is meeting the needs, but there’s a trend toward, “Letting AMR handle it.”
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Organizational & Operational Analysis Napa Fire Department 200
APPENDIX B: RISK CLASSIFICATIONS
Fire
Low Risk
These incidents are considered low in risk and are minor in scope and intensity. It requires a single fire apparatus and crew to manage fires involving passenger vehicles, fences, trash or dumpster, downed power lines, residential or commercial alarm investigations, or an odor investigation.
Moderate Risk
These are the first alarm response needed to manage a moderate fire risk incident. These incidents include smoke in a building, small outside building fires, commercial vehicle fires, a single-family residence, a lightning strike on a building, an automatic fire alarm at a high- risk occupancy, or a hazardous materials pipeline fire.
High Risk
These are a second alarm response needed to manage a high fire risk incident. These incidents include smoke in a high-life hazard property (school, skilled nursing, etc.), single- family residence with injured or trapped victims, multifamily residential building, or a moderate-sized commercial/industrial occupancy.
Maximum Risk
A third alarm response is needed to manage a maximum fire risk incident. These incidents include a hospital, assisted living facility, fire in an apartment building, high-rise building fire, a large commercial or industrial occupancy, hazardous materials railcar, or storage occupancy. Incident assignments include additional command staff, recalling off-duty personnel, mutual aid assistance for other critical tasking needs.
EMS Risks
Low Risk
A single EMS unit can manage a low-risk EMS incident involving an assessment of a single patient with a critical injury or illness, no-life threatening medical call, lift assist, or standby.
Moderate Risk
A two-unit response is required to control or mitigate a moderate risk EMS incident. It involves assessing and treating one or two patients with critical injuries or illnesses or a motor vehicle crash with one-two patients.
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Organizational & Operational Analysis Napa Fire Department 201
High Risk
A multiple-unit response is required to control or mitigate a high-risk EMS incident. It involves three-eight patients with injuries ranging from minor to critical. Patient care will involve triage, BLS, ALS treatment, and a coordinated transport of patients.
Maximum Risk
A multiple-unit response is required to control or mitigate a maximum risk EMS incident. It involves more than nine patients with injuries ranging from minor to critical. Patient care involves triage, BLS, ALS treatment, and a coordinated transport of patients. If this is an active shooter incident, the response may require a casualty collection area unit to treat patients, not in the hot zone.
Technical Rescue
Low Risk
A single fire unit can manage a low-risk technical rescue incident involving minor rescues, such as a child locked in a vehicle, elevator entrapment, or minor mechanical entrapment.
Moderate Risk
This type of incident involves a motor vehicle crash that requires patient extrication, removal of a patient entangled in machinery or other equipment, or a person trapped by downed power lines. A two-unit response is required to control or mitigate a moderate technical rescue risk incident. Support is not usually required from a technical rescue team.
High Risk
A multiple-unit response is required to control or mitigate a high-risk technical rescue incident. This type of incident may involve full-scale technical rescue operations ranging from structural collapse to swift-water rescues. It may involve multiple motor vehicles that require extrication, commercial passenger carriers, or a vehicle impacting a building.
Support is usually needed from a technical rescue team. This incident may require multiple alarms.
Maximum Risk
A multiple-unit response is required to control or mitigate a maximum risk technical rescue incident. Support is required from a specialized technical rescue team and may have multiple operations locations. This type of incident will involve full-scale technical rescue operations such as victims endangered or trapped by structural collapse, swift water, or earth cave-ins.
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Organizational & Operational Analysis Napa Fire Department 202
This incident will require multiple alarms and may expand beyond the identified critical tasking. Recall of off-duty personnel or assistance from auto or mutual aid may occur during a disaster or when additional alarms and command staff are needed.
Hazardous Materials
Low Risk
A single fire unit can manage a low-risk hazardous materials incident involving carbon monoxide alarms and other unknown hazmat investigations without symptomatic victims, less than 20 gallons of fuel, natural gas meter incident, downed power lines, equipment, or electrical problems, or attempted burning. Automatic alarms that may originate from a hazardous material.
Moderate Risk
A two-unit response is required to control or mitigate a moderate risk hazardous materials incident. Direct support is not usually required from a hazardous materials team. This type of incident involves a carbon monoxide alarm with symptomatic patients, a fuel spill of 20–55 gallons, or a gas or petroleum products pipeline break not threatening any exposures.
High Risk
A multiple-unit response with a hazmat team is required to control or mitigate a high-risk hazardous materials incident. This response includes a release with three-eight victims, gas leaks in a structure, hazmat alarm releases with victims, flammable gas or liquid pipeline breaks with exposures, fuel spills greater than 55 gallons, fuel spills in underground drainage or sewer systems, transportation or industrial chemical releases, or radiological incidents.
Support is needed for a Level 2 hazmat incident that involves establishing operational zones (hot/warm/cold) and assigning multiple support divisions and groups. Additional assistance may be required to expand operations past the identified critical tasks.
Maximum Risk
A multiple-unit response is required to control or mitigate a maximum risk hazardous materials incident. Support is required from an on-duty hazmat team and their specialized equipment. This type of incident involves establishing operational zones (hot/warm/cold) and assigning multiple support divisions and groups. Examples include nine or more contaminated or exposed victims, a large storage tank failure, hazmat railcar failure, or a weapon of mass destruction incident. This incident will require multiple alarms and may expand beyond the identified critical tasking. Recall of off-duty personnel or assistance from auto or mutual aid may occur during a disaster or when additional alarms and command staff are needed.
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Organizational & Operational Analysis Napa Fire Department 203
Wildland Urban Interface
Low Risk
A single fire unit can manage a low-risk wildland firefighting incident involving a fire minor in scope, structures not threatened, and Red Flag conditions that do not exist. These include low-risk wildland or grass fires, an outside smoke investigation, illegal or controlled burns, or small vegetation fires.
Moderate Risk
Multiple units are needed to manage a moderate risk wildland firefighting incident involving a significant fire in the brush, brush pile at a chipping site, grass, or cultivated vegetation. Red Flag conditions do not exist, and structures may or may not be threatened.
High Risk
Multiple units or alarms are needed to manage a high-risk wildland firefighting incident. The level is associated with Red Flag warnings with structures that may or may not be threatened. This fire involves a significant wildfire in brush, grasses, cultivated vegetation and woodland areas. Additional alarm assignment, command staff, recall of off-duty personnel, and mutual aid assistance may require the operations to extend beyond the identified critical tasks.
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Organizational & Operational Analysis Napa Fire Department 204
APPENDIX C: TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: NFD in the Early Days ........................................................................................................ 2 Figure 2: Napa Fire Department Organization Chart ................................................................... 3 Figure 3: Study Area ......................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 4: Mutual Aid Resources Available to NFD ......................................................................... 5 Figure 5: Area with Mutual Aid Stations .......................................................................................... 6 Figure 6: Critical Issues Identified .................................................................................................... 8 Figure 7: Communication Methods Used by NFD ......................................................................... 9 Figure 8: Regulatory Documents ................................................................................................... 11 Figure 9: Reporting & Recordkeeping .......................................................................................... 12 Figure 10: City of Napa Historical General Fund Activity (000) .................................................. 14 Figure 11: Historical Revenues Attributable to the NFD .............................................................. 16 Figure 12: Napa Fire Department Historical Expenditures .......................................................... 17 Figure 13: Personnel Expenditures (FY 2017–FY 2021) .................................................................. 18 Figure 14: NFD Required Support from the City’s General Fund ............................................... 19 Figure 15: Estimated City of Napa Projected General Fund Revenues (000) .......................... 20 Figure 16: Estimated City of Napa General Fund Expenditures (000) ....................................... 21 Figure 17: Impact of Budget Decisions on GFD Reserves (000) ................................................. 22 Figure 18: NFD Revenue & Expenditure Projections .................................................................... 23 Figure 19: Uniformed/Non-Uniformed Administrative & Support Staff ...................................... 25 Figure 20: Non-Uniformed Administrative & Support Staff .......................................................... 25 Figure 21: Emergency Response Career Staffing by Position* ................................................... 26 Figure 22: Theoretical Relief Factor Calculation (2021) .............................................................. 27 Figure 23: NFD Calculated Operational Staff Shortage/Overage (2021) ................................ 27 Figure 24: NFD Hiring Process Components ................................................................................. 27 Figure 25: Napa County Race & Ethnicity Percentage ............................................................. 28 Figure 26: Health, Safety, & Counseling Services ........................................................................ 29 Figure 27: Criteria Utilized to Determine Fire Station Condition ................................................. 32 Figure 28: NFD Fire Station 1 ........................................................................................................... 33 Figure 29: NFD Fire Station 2 ........................................................................................................... 34 Figure 30: NFD Fire Station 3 ........................................................................................................... 35 Figure 31: NFD Fire Station 4 ........................................................................................................... 36 ATTACHMENT 1
Organizational & Operational Analysis Napa Fire Department 205
Figure 32: NFD Fire Station 5 ........................................................................................................... 37 Figure 33: Napa Fire Department Administration ........................................................................ 38 Figure 34: Napa Fire Department Fire Prevention ....................................................................... 39 Figure 35: Summary of NFD Fire Station Features ........................................................................ 40 Figure 36: Criteria Used to Determine Apparatus & Vehicle Condition ................................... 44 Figure 37: NFD Frontline Apparatus Inventory (2022) .................................................................. 45 Figure 38: NFD Response Workload History .................................................................................. 47 Figure 39: Responses by Incident Type ......................................................................................... 47 Figure 40: Monthly Response Workload ....................................................................................... 48 Figure 41: Daily Response Workload ............................................................................................. 49 Figure 42: Incidents by Day and Month ....................................................................................... 50 Figure 43: Hourly Workload ............................................................................................................ 50 Figure 44: Incidents by Hour and Day of the Week .................................................................... 51 Figure 45: Response Unit Workload ............................................................................................... 52 Figure 46: Average Unit Incident Commit Time ........................................................................... 53 Figure 47: Incident Density ............................................................................................................. 54 Figure 48: EMS Incident Density ..................................................................................................... 55 Figure 49: Structure Fires by Hour of Day ...................................................................................... 56 Figure 50: Structure Fires by Hour .................................................................................................. 57 Figure 51: Frequent Response Addresses ..................................................................................... 57 Figure 52: Utilization Rate ............................................................................................................... 58 Figure 53: Population Projections .................................................................................................. 59 Figure 54: Workload Projections .................................................................................................... 59 Figure 55: 4-Minute Travel Time ..................................................................................................... 60 Figure 56: Current 4-Minute Drive Time Without Bridge .............................................................. 61 Figure 57: 4-Minute Response with Bridge Over Napa Creek .................................................... 63 Figure 58: Mutual Aid Stations ....................................................................................................... 65 Figure 59: Mutual Aid Agency Capabilities ................................................................................. 66 Figure 60: Effective Firefighting Force Response Performance ................................................. 66 Figure 61: 8-Minute ERF Arrival Area by Apparatus ..................................................................... 67 Figure 62: 8-Minute ERF Arrival Area by Staffing .......................................................................... 68 Figure 63: Unit Hour Utilization ........................................................................................................ 69 Figure 64: Concurrent Incident Percentage ................................................................................ 70 ATTACHMENT 1
Organizational & Operational Analysis Napa Fire Department 206
Figure 65: Unit Concurrency .......................................................................................................... 70 Figure 66: Reliability by Zone Percentage .................................................................................... 71 Figure 67: Summary of Performance Goals ................................................................................. 72 Figure 68: Call Processing by Incident Type................................................................................. 75 Figure 69: Call Processing by Hour ................................................................................................ 75 Figure 70: Turnout Time by Incident Type ..................................................................................... 76 Figure 71: Turnout Time by Hour .................................................................................................... 77 Figure 72: Turnout Time by Unit (Day/Night)................................................................................. 77 Figure 73: Travel Time by Incident Type ........................................................................................ 78 Figure 74: Travel Time by Hour of Day .......................................................................................... 79 Figure 75: Response Time—Dispatch to Arrival by Incident Type .............................................. 80 Figure 76: Response Time—Dispatch to Arrival by Hour of Day ................................................. 80 Figure 77: Response Time—Received to Arrival by Incident Type ............................................. 81 Figure 78: Response Time—Received to Arrival by Hour ............................................................ 81 Figure 79: NFD Percentage of Fire & EMS Calls (2019–2021) ...................................................... 84 Figure 80: NFD EMS Service Demand (2021) ................................................................................ 85 Figure 81: Napa Fire Department EMS Mutual Aid Resources ................................................... 86 Figure 82: Leading Causes of Death in California (2017) ........................................................... 87 Figure 83: Staffing/Equipment/Medication Cost-Benefit Analysis Process ............................... 88 Figure 84: Data Set & Quality Assurance Criteria ........................................................................ 90 Figure 85: General Training Competencies by NFD .................................................................... 91 Figure 86: Individual Training Analysis (2021) ............................................................................... 92 Figure 87: NFD Training Emphasis (July 2019–June 2021) ............................................................ 93 Figure 88: Medication/Procedure Ratio per Paramedic (2021) ................................................ 94 Figure 89: Balanced Training Program ......................................................................................... 95 Figure 90: Methodologies Utilized in Training ............................................................................... 97 Figure 91: Training Facilities & Resources ...................................................................................... 98 Figure 92: NFPA 1730 Inspection Frequency .............................................................................. 101 Figure 93: Occupancy Classifications ........................................................................................ 102 Figure 94: The Community Risk Assessment Process ................................................................. 105 Figure 95: Special Team Response (2019–2021) ........................................................................ 106 Figure 96: Special Team Response (2019–2021) ........................................................................ 107 Figure 97: Regional Special Team Response by Time of Day (2019–2021) ............................. 108 ATTACHMENT 1
Organizational & Operational Analysis Napa Fire Department 207
Figure 98: Required Apparatus for Specific Special Team Response (2021) ......................... 108 Figure 99: Total Response Time for Special Team Response (2019–2021) ............................... 109 Figure 100: NFD Special Team Units ............................................................................................ 109 Figure 101: NFD Wildfire OES Deployment (2021) ...................................................................... 110 Figure 102: Population Estimates (2010–2020) ........................................................................... 113 Figure 103: Population Density .................................................................................................... 114 Figure 104: At-Risk Populations .................................................................................................... 116 Figure 105: Percentage of the Population with a Disability ..................................................... 116 Figure 106: Language Other Than English Spoken at Home ................................................... 117 Figure 107: Percentage of the Population in Poverty ............................................................... 118 Figure 108: Percentage of People without Health Insurance .................................................. 119 Figure 109: Education Levels ....................................................................................................... 120 Figure 110: Race & Ethnicity ........................................................................................................ 120 Figure 111: Housing Ownership. .................................................................................................. 121 Figure 112: Age of Housing by Decade ..................................................................................... 122 Figure 113: Percentage of Housing Units per Building .............................................................. 122 Figure 114: Probability or Likelihood of Occurrence ................................................................. 124 Figure 115: Consequence to the Community ........................................................................... 124 Figure 116: Impact on Operational Forces ................................................................................ 125 Figure 117: Fire Response Risk Assessment ................................................................................. 126 Figure 118: Fire Risk Classifications .............................................................................................. 126 Figure 119: EMS Response Risk Assessment ................................................................................ 127 Figure 120: EMS Risk Classifications ............................................................................................. 127 Figure 121: Technical Rescue Response Risk Assessment ......................................................... 128 Figure 122: Technical Rescue Risk Classification ....................................................................... 128 Figure 123: Hazardous Materials Response Risk Assessment .................................................... 129 Figure 124: Hazardous Materials Risk Assessment ...................................................................... 129 Figure 125: Wildland Fires Response Risk Assessment ................................................................ 130 Figure 126: Wildland Fires Risk Assessment ................................................................................. 130 Figure 127: Educational Occupancies ....................................................................................... 133 Figure 128: Daycare Facilities ...................................................................................................... 134 Figure 129: Medical & Congregate Care Facilities ................................................................... 136 Figure 130: Multi-family Occupancies ........................................................................................ 137 ATTACHMENT 1
Organizational & Operational Analysis Napa Fire Department 208
Figure 131: Buildings Three or More Stories in Height ................................................................. 138 Figure 132: Buildings Greater than 100,000 Square Feet .......................................................... 140 Figure 133: Fire Flows Greater than 2,000 Gallons per Minute ................................................. 141 Figure 134: 2020 Average Annual Daily Traffic Counts ............................................................. 143 Figure 135: Rail Lines with Crossings ............................................................................................ 144 Figure 136: Energy Systems .......................................................................................................... 146 Figure 137: Water Treatment Plants Capacity ........................................................................... 147 Figure 138: Hydrant Locations ..................................................................................................... 148 Figure 139: Cellular Communication Facilities ........................................................................... 149 Figure 140: Government Buildings .............................................................................................. 150 Figure 141: Average Daily High Temperature ............................................................................ 151 Figure 142: Average Daily Low Temperatures ........................................................................... 152 Figure 143: Average Monthly Precipitation 2010–2021 ............................................................. 153 Figure 144: Drought Conditions (September 2022) ................................................................... 154 Figure 145: Monthly Wind Speeds ............................................................................................... 155 Figure 146: Prevailing Winds ......................................................................................................... 156 Figure 147: Earthquake Risk ......................................................................................................... 158 Figure 148: Wildfire Risks ............................................................................................................... 160 Figure 149: Flood Risk .................................................................................................................... 162 Figure 151: Current 4- & 8-Minute Southern Response Performance ...................................... 185 Figure 152: 4- & 8-Minute Example with a Southeast Station ................................................... 186 Figure 153: 4- & 8-Minute Example of a Southwest Station ...................................................... 187
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Organizational & Operational Analysis Napa Fire Department 209
APPENDIX D: REFERENCES
1 Napa County Historical Society.
2 QuickFacts, U.S. Census Bureau.
3 Data table completed by the Napa Fire Department.
4 QuickFacts, U.S. Census Bureau.
5 Ibid.
6 QuickFacts, U.S. Census Bureau.
7 City of Napa CAFR Report FYE June 30, 2021.
8 City of Napa 2022 Long-Term Financial Forecast.
9 Firefighters and Cancer, (2018). https://www.nfpa.org/News-and- Research/Resources/Emergency-Responders/Health-and-Wellness/Firefighters-and-cancer. 10 Kales SN, Elpidoforos S, et al. Firefighters and on-duty deaths from coronary heart disease:
a case control study. Environ Health. 2003; 2:14.
11 2016–2040 RTP/SCS Final Growth Forecast by Jurisdiction. 12 napacity.legistar.com/Calendar.aspx (6/5/2018 City of Napa Meeting Minutes). 13 Napa OES/EMS (acidremap.com).
14 American Journal of Disaster Medicine, Active Shooter Training. 15 FireEMS, Training for Success.
16 Gordon Graham, http://www.gordongraham.com/about.html. 17 NFPA Journal, Ghost Effect, January February 2018.
18 NFPA 1730, Standard on Organization and Deployment of Fire Prevention Inspection and Code Enforcement, Plan Review, Investigation, and Public Education Operations. 19 Vision 20/20, Community Risk Assessment guide.
20 Contra Costa Government, Wildfire.
21 City of Napa website.
22 U.S. Census Bureau.
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Organizational & Operational Analysis Napa Fire Department 210
23 National Fire Protection Association, 2007; Urban Fire Safety Project, Emmitsburg, MD. 24 U.S. Fire Administration website.
25 Quality Improvement for the Fire and Emergency Services. 26 Napa Valley Register website, August 25, 2022.
27 Community Development Department, Planning Division Staff Report, February 20, 2020. 28 Queen of the Valley Medical Center website.
29 Topical Fire Report Series, Multifamily Residential Building Fires (2013–2015), June 2017. 30 Infrastructure Security, Department of Homeland Security. 31 PG&E website.
32 City of Napa 2020 Urban Water Management Pan.
33 Iowa Environmental Menoset website.
34 USGS website.
35 City of Napa Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2021.
36 Napa City Code, Chapter 8.24, Weed and Rubbish Abatement. 37 City of Napa (11/18/2021). Hazard Mitigation Plan Update. (Pg. 29).
38 FEMA Flood Map Service Center website.
39 The Dangers of Sleep Deprivation, Firehouse.
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