Agenda packet — Orange City Council, June 9, 2026 (part 4 of 7)

Vacancy Report by Bargaining Group & Classification

City of Orange Police Association

City of Orange Police Association (COPA)
# of Vacant Budgeted FT Positions
PPositionVacancies Homeless Outreach Specialist 1

Parking Control Officer II 3
Pol
Police Administrative Assistant 1
Police Dispatcher 2
Police Jailer 1
Police Officer 7
Police Records Clerk 4
Senior Police Clerk 1
Total 20

City of Orange Police Management Association # of Vacant Budgeted FT Positions Police Sergeant 1
Total 1

IBEW – Maintenance & Crafts
Local 47 Maintenance and Crafts
# of Vacant Budgeted FT Positions
Equipment Operator 1
Maintenance Worker 1
Public Works Maintenance Worker II 1
Skilled Maintenance Worker – Parks 1
Skilled Maintenance Leadworker 1
Total 5

IBEW – Water # of Vacant Budgeted FT Positions
Skilled Maintenance Worker – Water 3
Water Maintenance Leadworker 1
Water Plant Operator I 1
Total 5

Orange City Firefighters, Inc. Local 2384 # of Vacant Budgeted FT Positions Firefighter 1
Total 1

Orange City Fire Management Association # of Vacant Budgeted FT Positions

N/A N/A
Total 0

469

Page 2 of 2 ends

Orange Management Association # of Vacant Budgeted FT Positions Finance Supervisor 1
Recreation Services Supervisor 1
Senior Planner 1
Senior Water Quality Inspector 1
Water Maintenance Supervisor 1
Total 5

Orange Municipal Employees’ Association # of Vacant Budgeted FT Positions Accountant 1
Assistant Engineer

1 A
Assistant Planner

1 Associate Planner

1 Librarian III 2
Plan Check Engineer
Associate Planner
1 Recreation Services Coordinator

1 Senior Finance Clerk 1
Total 9

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Agenda Item
Orange City Council
Item #: 8.2. 6/9/2026 File #: 26-0153
TO: Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
THRU: Jarad Hildenbrand, City Manager
FROM: Christopher Cash, Public Works Director

1. SUBJECT
Public Hearing to consider adoption of the City of Orange 2025 Urban Water Management Plan and 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan and Introduction and First Reading of Ordinance No. 10-26 updating regulations to prohibit potable water from being used to irrigate non-functional turf areas

2. SUMMARY
The City’sUrban Water Management Plan was initially adopted in 1985 and must be updated every five years to satisfy the Urban Water Management Plan Act of 1983 and the California Water Code requirements (Sections 10610 - 10656). The comprehensive Urban Water Management Plan assesses the City’scurrent and future water consumption demands, availability and reliability of its water supplies, various water demand management measures to facilitate customer water use efficiency, water supply contingency plan, and future water supply programs. Additionally, the 2025 Urban Water Management Plan also includes the 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan designed to prepare for and respond to water shortages.

3. RECOMMENDED ACTION

1. Conduct and close the Public Hearing.

2. Adopt Resolution No. 11692. A Resolution of the City Council of the City of Orange adopting the City of Orange 2025 Urban Water Management Plan and 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan.

3. Introduce and conduct First Reading of Ordinance No. 10-26. An Ordinance of the City Council of the City of Orange prohibiting potable water from being used to irrigate areas of non-functional turf.

4. FISCAL IMPACT
None.

5. STRATEGIC PLAN GOALS
Goal 5: Improve Infrastructure, Mobility, and Technology

6. DISCUSSION AND BACKGROUND
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Item #: 8.2. 6/9/2026 File #: 26-0153
Resolution No. 11692
Water Code Sections 10610 through 10656 and the Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) Act require every urban water supplier providing drinking water to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet (AF) of water annually to prepare, adopt, and file an UWMP with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) every five years.

UWMP is a comprehensive document that presents an evaluation of a water supplier’slong-term reliability. The 2025 UWMP provides an assessment of the present and future water supply sources and demands within the City’sservice area. It presents an update of the City’swater resource needs, water-use efficiency programs, water reliability assessment, and strategies to mitigate water shortage conditions. It also presents an updated 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) designed to prepare for, and respond to, water shortages. The 2025 UWMP contains all elements to meet compliance with the new requirements of the UWMP Act as amended since 2020.

The WSCP is a strategic planning document designed to prepare for and respond to water supply shortages. The WSCP has prescriptive elements, including:
· An analysis of water supply reliability
· The water shortage response actions for each of the six standard water shortage levels · Potential solutions to close water supply gaps
· Protocols and procedures to communicate identified actions for any current or predicted water shortage conditions
· Procedures for an Annual Assessment
· Monitoring and reporting requirements to determine customer compliance; and · Reevaluation and improvement procedures for evaluating the WSCP.

This level of detailed planning and preparation is intended to help maintain reliable supplies and reduce the impacts of supply interruptions. Although the WSCP is an appendix to the UWMP, DWR requires the WSCP to be treated as a stand-alone document.

Ordinance No. 10-26
California Assembly Bill 1572 (AB 1572), signed into law on October 13, 2023, prohibits the use of potable water to irrigate non-functional turf located on local government, commercial, industrial, institutional properties, and HOA common areas throughout the State of California. To meet the State’s requirements, it is necessary for the City to update its regulations to enforce the State- mandated prohibitions by adopting Ordinance No. 10-26 amending Section 7.02.030 and adding Section 7.02.160 to the Orange Municipal Code.

7. ATTACHMENTS
· Attachment 1 Resolution No. 11692
· Attachment 2 Ordinance No. 10-26
· Attachment 3 City of Orange 2025 UWMP
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Item #: 8.2. 6/9/2026 File #: 26-0153
· Attachment 4 City of Orange 2025 WSCP
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Agenda Item
Orange City Council
Item #: 8.2. 6/9/2026 File #: 26-0153
TO: Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
THRU: Jarad Hildenbrand, City Manager
FROM: Christopher Cash, Public Works Director

3. RECOMMENDED ACTION

1. Conduct and close the Public Hearing.

2. Adopt Resolution No. 11692. A Resolution of the City Council of the City of Orange adopting the City of Orange 2025 Urban Water Management Plan and 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan.

4. FISCAL IMPACT
None.

5. STRATEGIC PLAN GOALS
Goal 5: Improve Infrastructure, Mobility, and Technology

6. DISCUSSION AND BACKGROUND
City of Orange Printed on 6/4/2026Page 1 of 3
powered by Legistar™
474
Item #: 8.2. 6/9/2026 File #: 26-0153
Resolution No. 11692
Water Code Sections 10610 through 10656 and the Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) Act require every urban water supplier providing drinking water to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet (AF) of water annually to prepare, adopt, and file an UWMP with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) every five years.

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF

THE CITY OF ORANGE ADOPTING THE
CITY OF ORANGE 2025 URBAN WATER
MANAGEMENT PLAN AND 2025 WATER

SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN
WHEREAS, the City of Orange (the “City”) is a municipal corporation which exercises governmental functions and powers and is organized and existing under the laws of the State of California; and
WHEREAS, the City is an “urban retail water supplier” under the meaning of that term set forth in Section 10608.12 of the Water Code of the State of California; and WHEREAS, the Urban Water Management Planning Act (commencing with Sections 10610 - 10656 of the Water Code requirements of the State of California; herein referred to as the “Law”) was enacted in 1984 to require every urban water supplier to prepare and adopt the Urban Water Management Plan and Water Shortage Contingency Plan, the primary objective of which is to plan for the conservation and efficient use of water; and WHEREAS, the City has heretofore prepared and adopted an Urban Water Management Plan and Water Shortage Contingency Plan pursuant to the Law; and WHEREAS, the Law requires each urban water supplier to review and update its Urban Water Management Plan and Water Shortage Contingency Plan at least every five (5) years; and WHEREAS, the City has on June 9, 2026, adopted the update to its Urban Water Management Plan and Water Shortage Contingency Plan in the form of the “City of Orange 2025 Urban Water Management Plan” and “City of Orange 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan” (the “Plans”) in accordance with the Law, which, among other things, required each urban water supplier to make the proposed Plans available for public inspection and to hold a noticed public hearing thereon; and
WHEREAS, there has been made available in the office of the City Clerk for at least two weeks prior to such public hearing for public inspection and copying, at a cost not to exceed the cost of duplication, the proposed updated Plans; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 10642 of the Law, after notice duly published in accordance with the Law, the Agency held a public hearing on this date with respect to the proposed updated Plans.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Orange, on the basis of the facts set forth in the agenda report presented to it and any testimony received at the meeting at which this matter was considered, as follows:
477
2 1. The foregoing recitals are true and correct.

2. The Plans in the form presented at this meeting, together with such amendments or changes therein as the City Council has determined necessary and appropriate, is adopted.

3. The City Clerk is authorized and directed to file the Plans with the California Department of Water Resources within thirty (30) days after the date of this Resolution.

ADOPTED this 9th day of June 2026.

Daniel R. Slater, Mayor, City of Orange
ATTEST:

Pamela Coleman, City Clerk, City of Orange
APPROVED AS TO FORM:

Nathalie Adourian, City Attorney

STATE OF CALIFORNIA )
COUNTY OF ORANGE ) ss.

CITY OF ORANGE )
I, PAMELA COLEMAN, City Clerk of the City of Orange, California, do hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution was duly and regularly adopted by the City Council of the City of Orange at a regular meeting thereof held on the day of 2026 by the following vote:

AYES: COUNCILMEMBERS:

NOES: COUNCILMEMBERS:

ABSENT: COUNCILMEMBERS:

Pamela Coleman, City Clerk, City of Orange
478
ORDINANCE NO. 10-26

AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF ORANGE AMENDING CHAPTER 7.02 OF

THE ORANGE MUNICIPAL CODE PROHIBITING

POTABLE WATER FROM BEING USED TO
IRRIGATE AREAS OF NON-FUNCTIONAL TURF.

WHEREAS, the City of Orange (the “City”) is a municipal corporation which exercises governmental functions and powers and is organized and existing under the laws of the State of California; and

WHEREAS, the City has long recognized the importance of water conversation due to the State of California’ s frequent drought conditions, continued demand for water, unpredictable weather and precipitation rates; and

WHEREAS, California Assembly Bill 1572 (AB 1572), signed into law on October 13, 2023, prohibits the use of potable water to irrigate Non -Functional Turf located on Local Government, Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Properties, and HOA Common Areas throughout the State of California and requires the City to update its regulations to enforce the State-mandated prohibitions; and

WHEREAS the changes proposed update the Code to conform with proposed State mandated prohibitions.

NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ORANGE DOES HEREBY ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:

SECTION I:

The subject Ordinance is exempt from the provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) per State CEQA Guidelines (Guidelines) Sections 15060(c)(2) and 15060(c)(3) because review and evaluation of potential impact of the Ordinance demonstrate that it will not result in a direct or reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment, and it is not a "project" as defined in Guideline 15378 and the Ordinance regulates conduct and enforcement procedures and does not authorize or re sult in any physical development or change to the environment; any resulting enforcement activity is indirect, speculative, and not a reasonably foreseeable physical change.

SECTION II:

Section 7.02.030 of the Orange Municipal Code, “Environment – Water Shortage Contingency Response – Definitions,” is hereby amended to read as follows:

7.02.030 Definitions.

The following words and phrases, as used in this chapter, are defined as follows:
479
2 “AB 1572” Assembly Bill 1572, Friedman. Potable Water: Non-Functional Turf. The legislation that prohibits the watering of Non -Functional turf for th e certain customer classes and requires water suppliers to implement regulations, ordinances, or policies supporting the prohibition.

“Commercial Properties” Application of business, such as a hotel, restaurant, or office building, that utilizes water . These facilities are generally categorized within, but not limited to, construction, retail/wholesale trade, transportation, information, professional activities and other similar entities.

“Domestic Water” Water supplied by a water supplier to domestic customers, and used for purposes including indoor activities, such as drinking, cooking, and bathing as well as outdoor uses such as landscaping irrigation and lawn watering.

“Functional Turf ” Existing turf grass area s that have a clear, dedicated function, are used regularly, provide a recreational benefit to the community/property , are an essential part of a commercial service or operation, provide reasonable space and safe access, have a history of programmed events past , present, and future, or they are future turf installations planned for a property which meet the requirements of Functional Turf.

“Government Property” A Water User that is a government agency owning or operating a property, w hich is a permanent or semi -Permanent organization within a state and local government responsive for overseeing or administering specific functions.

“Industrial Property” A Water User that is primarily a manufacturer or Processor of materials, and /or an entity that is a Water User primarily engaged in research and development.

“Institutional Property” A Water User dedicated to public service. This type of user includes but is not limited to; higher education institutions, schools, courts, churches, hospitals, and nonprofit research institutions.

“Non-Functional Turf” Turf areas that do not meet the required conditions and criteria, as identified in the Functional Turf definition within this Ordinance. Non- Functional Turf areas are turf areas with no functional purpose other than being aesthetic, ornamental, or passive landscaping. Excludes cemeteries from this definition.

SECTION III:

Section 7.02.160 “ Environment – Water Shortage Contingency Response –Prohibiting Potable Water from Being Used to Irrigate Areas of Non-Functional Turf” is hereby added to the Orange Municipal Code to read as follows:

Section 7.02.160 Prohibiting Potable Water from Being Used to Irrigate Areas of Non-Functional Turf

A. The following prohibitions on the Use of Potable Water to Irrigate Non-Functional Turf are in effect, regardless of whether any declared shortage conditions are in effect. 480
3 1. No person shall use potable water to irrigate non -functional turf on Government Property/publicly owned property beginning January 1, 2027.

2. No person shall use potable water to irrigate non-functional turf on commercial, industrial, and institutionally owned property beginning January 1, 2028.

3. No person shall use potable water to irrigate non -functional turf on homeowners’ associations common area , common interest developments, and community service organizations, or similar entities, beginning January 1, 2029.

4. No person shall use potable water to irrigate non -functional turf on Government Property/publicly owned property located within disadvantaged communities (DAC) beginning January 1, 2031, or upon the date state funding for turf conversion to climate appropriate landscapes within DACs becomes available.

B. Requires comme rcial, industrial, municipal, Government Property/publicly owned, and institutional property owners with more than 5,000 square feet of irrigated areas to self-certify to the State Water Board compliance with this bill beginning June 30, 2029, and every three years thereafter through 2038.

C. Requires homeowners’ association common area, common interest development, or community service organization, or similar entity property owners with more than 5,000 square feet of irrigated areas to self -certify to the State Water B oard compliance with this bill beginning June 30, 2031, and every three years thereafter through 2039.

D. Self-certification requirements shall begin six (6) months prior to the applicable compliance deadline. All Affected Water Customers identified as self-certifying must clearly designate Functional and Non-Functional Turf areas on their property by June 30 of the year prior to the relevant deadlines . Affected Water Customers shall submit a self -certification form and requested documents, including, but not limited to, a map identifying all Functional and Non- Functional Turf areas. If an Affected Water Customer has no Functional Turf to report, a parcel map is not required, however, self-certification is still necessary.

E. Permits the State Water Resources Control B oard (State Water Board) to extend compliance dates outlined above, by up to three years through regulation.

F. Requires public water systems to update their r egulations, ordinances, or policies governing water use no later than January 1, 2027, to incorp orate the prohibition on the use of potable water on nonfunctional turf established by this bill.

G. Authorizes a water system, city, county, or city and county to enforce the provisions of this bill.

H. The use of potable water is not prohibited to the extent necessary to ensure the health of trees and perennial non -turfing plants or as necessary to address an immediate health and safety need.
481
4 I. Functional Turf landscaping not subject to this Ordinance, and therefore may be irrigated with Potable Water included but are not limited to:

1. Government Functional Turf : Turf areas on Government Properties/publicly owned land that offer a gathering benefit to the community, provide a dedicated function as a Recreational Use Area that improves the quality of life for the Public, or have a justifiable operational requirement. Specific examples include public parks Recreational Use Areas, and sports fields.

2. Commercial, Industrial and Institutional Functional Turf : Turf areas on Commercial properties which have an exclusive use, and are inherently required to sustain an essential function, service, or operation. Some examples include pet relief areas for veterinary and pet shelters, daycare centers, youth centers, agricultural applications, sports stadiums, and regularly programmed events in areas with temporary occupancy.

3. HOA Common Area Functional Turf: Turf areas in a Homeowners Association’s Common Area, or a similar entity, if it has a history of programmed community events such as charity drives, weddings, concerts; or Recreational use Areas with specific functions such as a children’s playground, sports field, or dedicated pet areas.

4. Single-family homes, cemeteries, golf courses and turf areas irrigated with Recycled Water are excluded from the requirements of AB 1572 and are not required to comply with this Ordinance; this applies to Potable Domestic Water Service only.

SECTION IV:

If any section, subdivision, paragraph, sentence, clause or phrase of this Ordinance is for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this Ordinance. The City Council hereby declares that it would have passed this Ordinance, and each section, subdivision, paragraph, sentence, clause and phrase thereof, irrespective of the fact that anyone (or more) section, subdivision, paragraph, sentence, clause or phrase had been declared invalid or unconstitutional.

SECTION V:

The City Clerk is hereby directed to certify the adoption of this Ordinance and cause the same to be published as required by law. This Ordinance shall take effect thirty (30) days from and after the date of its final passage.

ADOPTED this day of , 2026.

Daniel R. Slater, Mayor, City of Orange

482
5 ATTEST:

Pamela Coleman, City Clerk, City of Orange

APPROVED AS TO FORM:

Nathalie Adourian, City Attorney, City of Orange

STATE OF CALIFORNIA )

COUNTY OF ORANGE )

CITY OF ORANGE )

I, PAMELA COLEMAN, City Clerk of the City of Orange, California, do hereby certify that the foregoing Ordinance was introduced at the regular meeting of the City Council held on the day of , 2026, and thereafter at the regular meeting of said City Council duly held on the _____ day of _______________, 2026 was duly passed and adopted by the following vote, to wit:

AYES: COUNCILMEMBERS:

NOES: COUNCILMEMBERS:

ABSENT: COUNCILMEMBERS:

ABSTAIN: COUNCILMEMBERS:

Pamela Coleman, City Clerk, City of Orange

483
2025 Urban Water
Management Plan
FINAL DRAFT / May 2026
in collaboration with and
484

2025 Urban Water Management Plan

May 2026 / FINAL DRAFT

Prepared By: Prepared For:

Carollo Engineers, Inc. City of Orange
707 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 3920 189 S. Water Street
Los Angeles, California 90017 Orange, California 92866
Phone: 213.489.1587 Phone: 714.288.2475
https://www.carollo.com https://www.cityoforange.org

In collaboration with:

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2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
MAY 2026 / FINAL DRAFT / CAROLLO
CITY OF ORANGE i
pw://Carollo/CA/MWDOC/204447-000000/03 Reports and Studies/02 Deliverables/Grp2_Orange UWMP/_Cover_TOC_Abbrevs_AppxCovers.docx

Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES.1 Introduction and UWMP Overview ES-1
ES.2 UWMP Preparation ES-1
ES.3 System Description ES-1
ES.4 Water Use Characterization ES-2
ES.4.1 Water Use in the Last Five Years ES-2
ES.4.2 Projected Water Use ES-2
ES.5 Conservation Target Compliance ES-2
ES.6 Water Supply Characterization ES-2
ES.7 Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment ES-3 ES.8 Water Shortage Contingency Planning ES-3
ES.9 Demand Management Measures ES-3
ES.10 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation ES-4 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND UWMP OVERVIEW

1.1 Overview of UWMP Requirements 1-1

1.2 UWMP Organization 1-2
CHAPTER 2 UWMP PREPARATION

2.1 Individual Planning and Compliance 2-2

2.2 Coordination and Outreach 2-3

2.2.1 Integration with Other Planning Efforts 2-3

2.2.2 Wholesale and Retail Coordination 2-5

2.2.3 Public Participation 2-5
CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

3.1 Agency Overview 3-1

3.1.1 Formation and Purpose 3-1

3.1.2 City Council 3-1

3.1.3 Relationship to MWDOC 3-2

3.2 Water Service Area and Facilities 3-1

3.2.1 Water Service Area 3-1

3.2.2 Water Facilities 3-3

3.3 Climate 3-5

3.4 Population, Demographics, and Socioeconomics 3-5

3.4.1 Service Area Population 3-5

3.4.2 Demographics and Socioeconomics 3-6

3.4.3 Demographic Projection Methodology 3-6

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3.5 Land Uses 3-7

3.5.1 Current Land Uses 3-7

3.5.2 Projected Land Uses 3-8
CHAPTER 4 WATER USE CHARACTERIZATION

4.1 Water Use in the Last Five Years 4-4

4.2 Projected Water Use 4-5

4.2.1 Water Use Projections for 2026-2030 4-5

4.2.2 Water Use Projections for 2030-2050 4-5

4.3 Water Demand Projection Methodology 4-7

4.3.1 Econometric Approach, Data Acquisition, and Model Development 4-8

4.3.2 Forecasted Demands 4-10

4.4 Water Loss 4-11
CHAPTER 5 CONSERVATION TARGET COMPLIANCE

5.1 Reporting Requirements 5-1
CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY CHARACTERIZATION

6.1 Water Supply Overview 6-1

6.2 Imported Water 6-5

6.2.1 Metropolitan Water District of Southern California 6-5

6.2.2 Colorado River Aqueduct 6-9

6.2.3 State Water Project 6-12

6.2.4 Storage, Transfers, and Conveyance Programs 6-15

6.2.5 Potential Future Water Projects 6-17

6.2.6 Supply Reliability Within MET 6-18

6.3 Local Groundwater 6-24

6.3.1 Orange County Groundwater Basin 6-24

6.3.2 Planned Future Groundwater Sources 6-32

6.4 Surface Water 6-33

6.4.1 Existing Surface Water Sources 6-33

6.5 Stormwater 6-33

6.5.1 Existing Stormwater Sources 6-33

6.5.2 Planned Future Stormwater Sources 6-33

6.6 Wastewater and Recycled Water 6-33

6.6.1 Agency Coordination 6-34

6.6.2 Wastewater 6-36

6.6.3 Current Recycled Water Uses 6-36

6.6.4 Projected Recycled Water Uses 6-36

6.6.5 Potential Recycled Water Uses 6-37

6.6.6 Optimization Plan 6-37
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6.7 Desalination Opportunities 6-38

6.7.1 Ocean Water Desalination 6-38

6.7.2 Groundwater Desalination 6-38

6.8 Water Exchanges and Transfers 6-38

6.8.1 Existing Exchanges and Transfers 6-38

6.8.2 Planned and Potential Exchanges and Transfers 6-39

6.9 Future Water Projects 6-40

6.10 Energy Intensity 6-41

6.10.1 Water Supply Energy Intensity 6-41

6.10.2 Wastewater and Recycled Water Energy Intensity 6-43

6.10.3 Key Findings and Next Steps 6-43
CHAPTER 7 WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY AND DROUGHT RISK

ASSESSMENT

7.1 Water Service Reliability Overview 7-1

7.2 Factors Affecting Water Supply Reliability 7-2

7.2.1 Climate Change and the Environment 7-2

7.2.2 Regulatory and Legal 7-3

7.2.3 Water Quality 7-4

7.2.4 Locally Applicable Criteria 7-7

7.3 Water Service Reliability Assessment 7-7

7.3.1 Normal Year Reliability 7-8

7.3.2 Single Dry Year Reliability 7-8

7.3.3 Multiple Dry Years Reliability 7-9

7.4 Management Tools and Options 7-10

7.5 Drought Risk Assessment 7-11

7.5.1 Methodology 7-12

7.5.2 Water Source Reliability 7-14
CHAPTER 8 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLANNING

8.1 Background 8-1

8.2 Overview of the Water Shortage Contingency Plan 8-1

8.3 Summary of Water Shortage Response Strategy and Required DWR Tables 8-2 CHAPTER 9 DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES

9.1 City of Orange Demand Management Measures 9-2

9.1.1 Operations Practices 9-3

9.1.2 Public Education and Outreach 9-6

9.1.3 Residential Indoor Rebate Programs 9-8

9.1.4 CII Programs 9-8

9.1.5 Landscape Programs 9-9

9.2 City of Orange DMM Implementation (2020-2025) 9-10
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9.3 MWDOC Demand Management Implementation Assistance Programs 9-11

9.3.1 State Water Conservation Compliance Assistance 9-11

9.3.2 Regional Rebate Programs and Local Program Assistance 9-12

9.3.3 Research and Evaluation 9-12

9.4 Urban Water Use Objective and CII Performance Measure Compliance 9-13

9.4.1 UWUO Components 9-13

9.4.2 CII Performance Measures 9-15
CHAPTER 10 PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AND IMPLEMENTATION

10.1 Overview 10-1

10.2 Agency Coordination 10-2

10.3 Public Participation 10-3

10.4 UWMP Submittal 10-3

10.5 Amending the Adopted UWMP or WSCP 10-3
CHAPTER 11 REFERENCES
Appendices

APPENDIX A UWMP WATER CODE CHECKLIST

APPENDIX B DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES (DWR) STANDARDIZED TABLES

APPENDIX C REDUCED DELTA RELIANCE

APPENDIX D AWWA WATER LOSS AUDITS
APPENDIX E 2022 BASIN 8-1 ALTERNATIVE UPDATE

APPENDIX F WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN

APPENDIX G WATER USE EFFICIENCY IMPLEMENTATION REPORT
APPENDIX H 2025 ORANGE COUNTY WATER DEMAND MODEL TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM

APPENDIX I NOTIFICATION OF PUBLIC AND SERVICE AREA PROVIDERS

APPENDIX J ADOPTED UWMP RESOLUTIONS
Tables
Table 2.1 Retail Only: Public Water Systems 2-2
Table 2.2 Submittal Table 2-2: Plan Identification 2-2
Table 2.3 Submittal Table 2-3: Supplier Identification 2-3 Table 2.4 Submittal Table 2-4 Retail: Water Supplier Information Exchange 2-5 Table 3.1 Submittal 3-1 Retail: Population - Current and Projected 3-5 Table 3.2 City of Orange Service Area Dwelling Units by Type 3-6 Table 4.1 Submittal Table 4-1 Retail: Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water - Actual 4-4
Table 4.2 City of Orange's Service Area Total Potable Demand for 2026-2030 4-5 Table 4.3 Submittal Table 4-2 Retail: Total Uses of Potable, and Non-Potable Water - Projected 4-6
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Table 4.4 Submittal Table 4-3 Retail: Inclusion in Water Use Projections 4-6 Table 4.5 Optional Submittal Table 4-4 Retail: Passive Water Savings Projections 4-7 Table 4.6 Summary of Demand Sectors 4-8
Table 4.7 Summary of Historical Data Collected for Model Development 4-9 Table 4.8 Future Model Parameters 4-11
Table 4.9 Submittal Table 4-5 Retail: Water Loss Audit Reporting 4-12 Table 4.10 Submittal Table 4-6 Retail: Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard 4-13 Table 5.1 Submittal Table 5-1 Retail: SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress 5-2 Table 6.1 Submittal Table 6-8 Retail: Water Supplies – 2025 Actual 6-2 Table 6.2 Submittal Table 6-9 Retail: Water Supplies – Projected 6-4 Table 6.3 MET SWP Program Capabilities 6-13
Table 6.4 MET's Projected Supply Capability and Demands through 2050 for a Normal Year 6-20
Table 6.5 MET's Projected Supply Capability and Demands through 2050 for a Single Dry Year 6-21
Table 6.6 MET's Projected Supply Capability and Demands through 2050 for a Drought (5 Consecutive Water Years) 6-22
Table 6.7 MET's Water Use, Supply, and Drought Risk Assessment for 2026-2030 6-23 Table 6.8 Submittal Table 6-1 Retail: Groundwater Pumped in the Past 5 Years Within the City's Service Area (AF) 6-24
Table 6.9 Management Actions Based on Changes in Groundwater Storage 6-29 Table 6.10 Submittal Table 6-2 Retail: Wastewater Collected within the City's Service Area in 2025 6-36
Table 6.11 Submittal Table 6-7 Retail: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs 6-41
Table 6.12 Optional Submittal Table O-1A: Energy Intensity Reporting 6-42 Table 7.1 Optional Submittal Table 7-1 Retail: Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) 7-2
Table 7.2 Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison 7-8 Table 7.3 Submittal Table 7-3 Retail: Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison 7-9 Table 7.4 Submittal Table 7-4 Retail: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison 7-10
Table 7.5 Submittal Table 7-5 Retail: Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment 7-13 Table 8.1 Submittal Table 8-1: Cross-Reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels 8-3
Table 8.2 Submittal Table 8-2 Retail: Supply Augmentation and Other Actions 8-4 Table 8.3 Submittal Table 8-3 Retail: Demand Reduction Actions 8-5 Table 9.1 DMM Implementation Responsibility and Regional Programs in Orange County 9-2
Table 9.2 City of Orange Water Rates 9-4
Table 9.3 City of Orange Water Use Efficiency Program Participation 9-10 Table 9.4 MWDOC Programs to Help OC Retail Agencies Meet their Urban Water Use Objectives 9-14

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Table 9.5 City of Orange CII BMP and Water Efficiency Programs and Incentives 9-15 Table 10.1 External Coordination and Outreach 10-1
Table 10.2 Submittal Table 10-1 Retail: Notification to Cities and Counties 10-2 Figures
Figure 3.1 Regional Location of City of Orange and Other MWDOC Member Agencies 3-1 Figure 3.2 City of Orange Water Service Area 3-2
Figure 3.3 City of Orange Water System Facilities 3-4
Figure 4.1 Historical Water Use and Population in Orange County 4-2 Figure 4.2 Projected Water Use Across All Orange County Water Agencies 4-3 Figure 4.3 Econometric Demand Forecast Development Process 4-10 Figure 6.1 City's Projected Water Supply 6-3
Figure 6.2 Major Aqueducts that Supply Imported Water to Southern California (MET, 2025) 6-7
Figure 6.3 MET Feeders and Transmission Mains that Serve Orange County 6-8 Figure 6.4 Map of the OC Basin (OCWD, 2022) 6-26
Figure 6.5 Basin 8-1 Management Areas (OCWD, 2023) 6-27 Figure 6.6 MWDOC Imported Water Sales for Groundwater Replenishment 6-32 Figure 8.1 Purpose and Relationships of the UWMP, WSCP, and Water Shortage Response Ordinance 8-1
Figure 9.1 City of Orange Water Camp 9-6

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Abbreviations
AB Assembly Bill
ACS American Community Survey
ADU accessory dwelling unit
AF acre-feet
AFY acre-feet per year
AMI Advanced Metering Infrastructure
AMP East Allen-McColloch Pipeline
AVEK Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency
AWWA American Water Works Association
BEA Basin Equity Assessment
BiOps Biological Opinions
BPP Basin Production Percentage
BSA Boy Scouts of America
CAMP4W Climate Adaptation Master Plan for Water
CDR Center for Demographic Research at California State University, Fullerton CEE Consortium for Energy Efficiency
cfs cubic feet per second
CII Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional
City The City of Orange
CPTP Coastal Pumping Transfer Program
CRA Colorado River Aqueduct
CRSS Colorado River Simulation System
CUP conjunctive use program
CUWCC California Urban Water Conservation Council
CVP Central Valley Project
CY Calendar Year
DCP Drought Contingency Plan
DCP Delta Conveyance Project
DIMs dedicated irrigation meters
DMM Demand Management Measures
DOF State Department of Finance
DVL Diamond Valley Lake
DWR Department of Water Resources
EIR Environmental Impact Report
EO Executive Order
EOCF #2 East Orange County Feeder Number 2
EOCWD East Orange County Water District
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EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ESA Endangered Species Act
FIRO Forecast Informed Reservoir Operations
FY Fiscal Years
GAC granular activated carbon
GAP Green Acres Project
GDP gross domestic product
GHG greenhouse gas
GIS geographic information system
gpcd gallons per capita per day
gpf gallons per flush
GPSCD Gallons per Service Connection per Day
GRP Groundwater Resilience Plan
GSWC Golden State Water Company
HDI hot-dry index
HECW High Efficiency Clothes Washer
HET High Efficiency Toilet
ICS Intentionally Created Surplus
IRP Integrated Water Resources Plan
IRWD Irvine Ranch Water District
IWCM Interim Water Control Manual change
IX ion-exchange
JADUs Junior ADUs
kWh kilowatt-hour
LRP Local Resources Program
LVL Leo J. Vander Lans Advanced Water Treatment Facility M&I municipal and industrial
MAF million acre-feet
MCLs Maximum Contaminant Levels
MET Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
MG million gallons
mgd million gallons of water per day
MUMs mixed-use CII meters
MWDOC Municipal Water District of Orange County
ND non-detect
NDMA N-nitrosodimethylamine
ng/L nanograms per liter
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
OC Orange County
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OC Basin Orange County Groundwater Basin
OC San Orange County Sanitation District
OCF Orange County Feeder
OCSD Orange County Sanitation District
OCWD Orange County Water District
PFAS per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
PFOA Perfluorooctanoic Acid
PFOS Perfluorooctane Sulfonate
PPCP pharmaceuticals and personal care products
ppt parts per trillion
PRISM Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model QSA Quantification Settlement Agreement
QWEL Qualified Water Efficient Landscaper
R&I retail and municipal
RA Replenishment Assessment
R-GPCD Residential Gallons Per Capita Per Day
RHNA Regional Housing Needs Assessment
RUWMP Regional Urban Water Management Plan
SARCCUP Santa Ana River Conservation and Conjunctive Use Program SB Senate Bill
SCAB South Coast Air Basin
SCAG Southern California Association of Governments
SDCWA San Diego County Water Authority
SF square foot
SGMA Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
SNWA Southern Nevada Water Authority
STEM science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
Supplier urban water supplier
SWD Serrano Water District
SWP State water Project
TAP Technical Assistance Program
TAZ traffic analysis zones
TDS Total Dissolved Solids
TM Technical Memorandum
USACE US Army Corps of Engineers
USBR The United States Bureau of Reclamation
USBR United States Department of Interior Bureau of Reclamation UV ultraviolet
UWMP Urban Water Management Plan
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UWMP Act or Acts UWMP Act of 1983
UWUO Urban Water Use Objective
Valley San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District
Water Code California Water Code
WCM Water Control Manual
WEEA Water Energy Education Alliance
WRD Water Replenishment District of Southern California’s WSAP Water Supply Allocation Plan
WSAP Water Savings Action Plan
WSCP Water Shortage Contingency Plan
WSIP Water Savings Incentive Program
WUE Water Use Efficiency
WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES.1 Introduction and UWMP Overview
The City of Orange (City) prepared this 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) to submit to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to satisfy the UWMP Act of 1983 (UWMP Act or Act) and subsequent California Water Code (Water Code) requirements. UWMPs are comprehensive documents that present an evaluation of a water supplier’s reliability over a long-term (20- to 25-year) horizon. This 2025 UWMP provides an assessment of the present and future water supply sources and demands within the City’s service area. It presents an update to the 2020 UWMP on the City’s water resource needs, water use efficiency programs, water reliability assessment, and strategies to mitigate water shortage conditions. It also presents the City’s updated 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP), designed to prepare for and respond to water shortages. This 2025 UWMP contains all elements required by the UWMP Act.

ES.2 UWMP Preparation
The City coordinated the preparation of this 2025 UWMP with other key entities, the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC), the regional wholesaler of imported water for Orange County, and the Orange County Water District (OCWD), Orange County Groundwater Basin (OC Basin) manager and provider of recycled water in north Orange County. The City also coordinated with the East Orange County Water District (EOCWD) for the purchase of imported water. In addition, the City coordinated with other entities that provided valuable, regionally consistent data for the analyses prepared in this UWMP, including population projections from the Center for Demographic Research (CDR) at California State University, Fullerton, and the Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum (TM).

ES.3 System Description
The City was incorporated in 1888 and is located in the north-central portion of Orange County, adjacent to the cities of Anaheim, Tustin, and Santa Ana. The 24.3 square mile water service area of the City does not follow the same boundary as the City limits. The service area extends outside of City limits and excludes several small areas inside City limits, which are served by other water purveyors. The City’s Water Division operates 10 groundwater wells, 8 imported water connections, 15 pressure reducing stations, 5 flow control valves, 15 pump stations, 15 water reservoirs with 41 million gallons (MG) of storage capacity and manages 462-mile water mains system with about 33,099 service connections. 496
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ES.4 Water Use Characterization
ES.4.1 Water Use in the Last Five Years
Total water use within the City’s service area has fluctuated over the past five years (fiscal year [FY] 2021-25), with an annual average of approximately 25,050 acre-feet (AF). FY 2020-21 through FY 2021-22 saw the highest water use over the last five years due to region-wide drought conditions. FY 2022-23 proved to be one of the wettest years on record in the State and the City saw a general decrease in water demand following this wet year, as precipitation offsets landscape irrigation demands. These year-to-year fluctuations in precipitation will continue to influence the City’s annual demands. In general, the City saw a decrease in demand of 9.6 percent over the 5-year reporting period.

ES.4.2 Projected Water Use
The water use projection for this UWMP is based on the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum (TM). This demand projection represents the City’s total water demand and considers factors such as weather, water price, regional economic conditions, and housing density through a regression, or econometric, model.

Over the next 25 years, the City’s total water demands are projected to decrease by about 10 percent from 25,213 AF in 2025 to approximately 24,460 AF by 2050. The Orange County Groundwater Basin is expected to continue meeting a notable share of total water demand between 2025 and 2050 (with a Basin Pumping Percentage [BPP] of 85 percent forecasted through 2050).

ES.5 Conservation Target Compliance
The City participated in the Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance along with all other Orange County water agencies. The alliance was created by MWDOC in collaboration with all its retail member agencies as well as the Cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana, to assist Orange County retail agencies in complying with the requirements of the Water Conservation Act of 2009, also known as SB X7-7 (Senate Bill 7 as part of the Seventh Extraordinary Session). Signed into law on February 3, 2010, it required the State of California to reduce urban water use by 20 percent by 2020.

Retail water suppliers are required to comply with SBx7-7 individually or as a region in collaboration with other retail water suppliers, to be eligible for water-related state grants and loans. Orange County, as a region, achieved its 2020 target water use of 159 gallons per capita per day (GPCD) prior to 2020, indicative of the collective efforts in reducing water use in the region. All Orange County water retailers, achieved individual compliance prior to 2020. By 2020, the City achieved a per capita per day water use of 129 GPCD (compared to its 181 GPCD target) and continues to implement water use efficiency measures.

ES.6 Water Supply Characterization
The City’s main source of water supply is groundwater from the OC Basin. Imported water makes up the rest of the City’s water supply portfolio. In FY 2024-25, the City relied on approximately 78 percent groundwater, 19 percent imported water, and 3 percent surface water. It is projected that by 2030, the City’s water portfolio will shift to approximately 85 percent groundwater and 15 percent imported with the BPP of 85 percent forecasted through 2050.
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ES.7 Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment Every urban water supplier is required to assess the reliability of their water service to its customers under a normal year, a single dry year, and multiple dry years. The water service reliability assessment compares projected supply to projected demand for three long-term hydrological conditions. The City’s water sources are local groundwater from the OC Basin and imported water purchased from MWDOC/MET.

The OC Basin manager, OCWD, has developed programs and projects to improve groundwater recharge and augment groundwater through recycled water, conjunctive use, and water transfers. OCWD assesses groundwater conditions and sets its BPP, which determines how much water will be pumped from the basin year, and the Basin Equity Assessment (BEA), which is a surcharge for exceeding the BPP. The BPP is set at 85 percent and is forecasted to remain so through 2050.

MET, the Southern California regional wholesaler of imported water, has also invested in numerous programs and projects to augment its direct deliveries of imported water, such as water transfers, groundwater banking, and use of its reservoir storage. MET’s 2025 UWMP demonstrates that MET will be able to meet its projected water demands for its entire service area for the next 25 years under normal, dry, and five consecutive dry year conditions.

Overall, the City’s service area is projected to meet full-service demands from 2026 through 2050 under normal years, single dry year, and five consecutive dry year conditions.

ES.8 Water Shortage Contingency Planning
The Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) is a standalone document adopted by the City serving as the guidance document used to prepare for and respond to water shortages and service disruptions of the City’s water supplies through proactive mitigation measures. A water shortage, when water supply available is insufficient to meet the normally expected customer water use at a given point in time, may occur due to a number of reasons, such as water supply quality changes, climate change, drought, and catastrophic events (e.g., earthquake). The City’s WSCP provides a water supply availability assessment and structured steps designed to respond to actual conditions. This level of detailed planning and preparation will help maintain reliable supplies and reduce the impacts of supply interruptions.

The WSCP contains the processes and procedures that will be deployed when shortage conditions arise so that the City’s governing body and its staff can easily identify and efficiently implement pre-determined steps to mitigate a water shortage to the level appropriate to the degree of water shortfall anticipated.

ES.9 Demand Management Measures
The City has demonstrated its commitment to water use efficiency through multi-faceted and holistic water use efficiency programs. The City’s water use efficiency implementation can be described broadly under five categories: Operations Practices (e.g., conservation pricing, water waste prevention, water loss control, and metering with commodity rates), Education and Outreach (e.g., public outreach programs, K-12 school programs, Water Awareness Poster Contest, Qualified Water Efficiency Landscaper Training Program), Residential Indoor Program (e.g. various rebates), Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Program (e.g., rebates, Water Savings Incentive Program, On-site Retrofit Program), and Landscape Programs (e.g., turf replacement, spray-to-drip irrigation rebate, residential landscape design assistance). 498
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ES.10 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation
The Water Code requires both the UWMP and the WSCP to be adopted by the Supplier’s governing body.

Before the adoption of the UWMP, the City notified the public and the cities and counties within its service area that MWDOC was in the process of preparing an UWMP and WSCP per the Water Code. The City circulated the final draft of the UWMP and WSCP to facilitate public review and held a public hearing to receive input from the public on the UWMP and WSCP. Upon completion of the public hearing, the City moved to adopt both the UWMP and WSCP. Post adoption, the City submitted the UWMP to DWR and other key agencies and made the document available for public review within 30 days after filing with DWR.

The UWMP serves as a legal and technical water management foundation for the City and can be referenced as needed, until its next required update cycle in 2030. With approval from DWR, the City shall implement this plan into its public resources, providing City staff, the public, and elected officials with an understanding of past, current, and future water conditions and management. Furthermore, the WSCP serves as a strategic planning document designed to prepare for and respond to water shortages and service disruptions of the City’s water supplies.
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND UWMP OVERVIEW
The City of Orange (City) prepared this 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) to submit to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to satisfy the UWMP Act of 1983 (UWMP Act or Act) and subsequent California Water Code (Water Code) requirements.

The City is a retail water supplier that provides water to its residents and other customers using the imported potable water supply obtained from its regional wholesaler, the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC) and local groundwater from the Orange County Groundwater Basin (OC Basin), which is managed by the Orange County Water District (OCWD), and local surface water from Serrano Water District (SWD). The City, as one of MWDOC's 27 member agencies, prepared this 2025 UWMP in collaboration with MWDOC, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET), OCWD, and other key agencies.

UWMPs are comprehensive documents that present an evaluation of a water supplier's reliability over a long-term (20- to 25-year) horizon. In response to the changing climatic conditions since the 2020 UWMP, MWDOC has been assisting its member agencies and surrounding communities to manage both their water supplies and demands. The water loss audit program, water conservation measures, public outreach and education on conservation and efforts for increased self-reliance to reduce dependency on imported water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the "Delta") are some of the water management actions that the City has taken to maintain the reliability of water supply for its service area. In addition, the City has been maintaining and improving their water system through the installation of new wells and rehabilitation of existing wells, among other projects.

This UWMP provides an assessment of the present and future water supply sources and demands within the City's service area. It presents an update to the 2020 UWMP on the City's water resource needs, water use efficiency programs, water reliability assessment, and strategies to mitigate water shortage conditions.

It also includes the City's updated 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) designed to prepare for and respond to water shortages. This 2025 UWMP contains all elements required by the Act.

1.1 Overview of UWMP Requirements
The UWMP Act enacted by California legislature requires every urban water supplier (Supplier) providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet (AF) of water annually to prepare, adopt, and file an UWMP with the DWR every five years in the years ending in six and one.

For this 2025 UWMP cycle, DWR continues to place emphasis on achieving improvements for long term reliability and resilience to drought and climate change in California. Despite there being no new statutory requirements, Suppliers must now report progress on meeting their 2028 Water Loss Standards and continue to state their compliance with Senate Bill (SB) X7-7 2020 Targets. Additional guidance on stored water accounting and recommendations on identifying the need for future or proposed water supply projects are provided by DWR as well.
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1.2 UWMP Organization
This UWMP is organized into 10 chapters aligned with the DWR Guidebook recommendations. The sections within each chapter are customized to include the City's water supply reliability and future projections as well as plans to overcome any water shortages over a planning horizon of the next 25 years. The chapters for this UWMP are listed below:

Chapter 1 Introduction and UWMP Overview gives an overview of the UWMP fundamentals and requirements for the 2025 UWMP.

Chapter 2 UWMP Preparation identifies this UWMP as an individual planning effort of the City, lists the type of year and units of measure used and introduces the coordination and outreach activities conducted by the City to develop this UWMP.

Chapter 3 System Description gives a background on the City's water system and its climate characteristics, population projections, demographics, socioeconomics, and predominant current and projected land uses of its service area.

Chapter 4 Water Use Characterization provides historical, current, and projected water use by customer category for the next 25 years for the City and the projection methodology used by the City to develop the 25-year projections.

Chapter 5 Conservation Target Compliance restates that the City's 2020 per capita water use in gallons per capita per day (gpcd) met the compliance target defined by SB X7-7.

Chapter 6 Water Supply Characterization describes the current water supply portfolio of the City as well as the planned and potential water supply projects and water exchange and transfer opportunities.

Chapter 7 Water Service Reliability and Drought Risk Assessment describes the assessment of the reliability of the City's water supply service to its customers for a normal year, single dry year and five consecutive dry years scenarios. This section also includes a Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) of all the supply sources for a consecutive five-year drought period beginning 2026.

Chapter 8 Water Shortage Contingency Planning is a brief summary of the standalone WSCP document which provides a structured guide for the City to deal with water shortages, incorporating prescriptive information and standardized action levels, lists the appropriate actions and water use efficiency measures to be taken to ensure water supply reliability in times of water shortage conditions, along with implementation actions in the event of a catastrophic supply interruption.

Chapter 9 Demand Management Measures provides a description of the City's current and planned measures and programs to help the retail customers in its service area be water efficient and comply with the City's urban water use reduction targets.

Chapter 10 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation provides a record of the process the City followed to adopt and implement its UWMP.
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CHAPTER 2 UWMP PREPARATION
The City of Orange's (City) 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) is prepared to meet the California Water Code (Water Code) compliance as a retail water supplier to its customers. The development of this UWMP involved close coordination with its wholesale supplier, the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC), along with other key entities within the region.

2.1 Individual Planning and Compliance
As described in Chapter 1, every urban water supplier providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet (AF) of water annually must prepare, adopt, and file an UWMP with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) every five years to meet the compliance requirements of the UWMP Act. As shown in Table 2.1. The City meets this requirement as it has 33,099 municipal connections and supplied 25,213 AF in fiscal year (FY) 2025.

Table 2.1 Retail Only: Public Water Systems
Submittal Table 2-1 Retail: Public Water Systems
Public Water System
Number
Public Water System
Name
Number of Municipal
Connections 2025
Volume of
Water Supplied 2025
(AF)
Add additional rows as needed
CA3010027 City of Orange 33,099 25,213
Total 33,099 25,213
DWR NOTES:

Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3.

This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Table 2-3.

The City opted to prepare its own UWMP (Table 2.2) and comply with the Water Code individually, while closely coordinating with MWDOC and various key entities as discussed in Chapter 2.2 to streamline regional integration. The UWMP Checklist was completed to confirm the compliance of this UWMP with the Water Code (Appendix A). All DWR standardized tables are provided in Appendix B. The City has selected to report demands and supplies using fiscal year as the basis (Table 2.3).

Table 2.2 Submittal Table 2-2: Plan Identification
Submittal Table 2-2: Plan Identification
Select One
or Both Type of Plan Name of Regional Alliance or RUWMP (Drop Down List)
Individual UWMP
If Water Supplier is also a member of a SB X7-7
Regional Alliance, select name from the drop-down. Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance Regional Urban Water Management Plan (RUWMP)

If Supplier selected RUWMP, select name from the
drop-down.
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Table 2.3 Submittal Table 2-3: Supplier Identification
Submittal Table 2-3: Supplier Identification
Type of Supplier (select one or both)
Supplier is a wholesale supplier
Supplier is a retail supplier
Fiscal or Calendar Year (select one)
UWMP Tables are in calendar years
UWMP Tables are in fiscal years
If using fiscal years provide month and date that the fiscal year begins (mm/dd) 07/01
Units of measure used in UWMP
(Select from the drop-down list).

Unit AF
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3.

NOTES:

2.2 Coordination and Outreach

2.2.1 Integration with Other Planning Efforts
The City as the retail supplier to its customers, coordinated the preparation of this UWMP with its water supplier wholesaler MWDOC, the Orange County Water District (OCWD) as the manager of the Orange County Groundwater Basin (OC Basin), and its regional wastewater management agency, Orange County Sanitation District (OC San). The City also developed this Plan in conjunction with other regionally consistent efforts such as population projections from the Center for Demographic Research at California State University, Fullerton (CDR), and the Orange County Water Deland Projection Model Technical Memorandum.

Key planning and reporting documents that were used to develop this UWMP are listed below:
 Metropolitan Water District of Southern California's (MET) 2025 UWMP uses assumptions that fall within the plausible futures contemplated in MET's Integrated Water Resources Plan to evaluate MET's future imported water supply reliability.
 MET's 2020 Integrated Water Resources Plan (IRP) Regional Needs Assessment is a long-term, scenario-based planning document that guides Metropolitan's programs and investments to ensure reliable water supplies in Southern California and provides a basis for water supply reliability in Orange County.
 MET's Climate Adaptation Master Plan for Water (CAMP4W) is an ongoing planning and decision-making tool that accounts for the complexities and uncertainties of climate change. Part of the second phase of MET's long-term IRP planning process, CAMP4W incorporates the results and findings of MET's 2020 IRP Regional Needs Assessment into a collaborative process to identify and evaluate integrated regional solutions.
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 MET's 2025 Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) provides a water supply availability assessment and guide for MET's intended actions during water shortage conditions.  MWDOC's 2025 WSCP provides a water supply availability assessment and structured steps designed to respond to actual conditions that will help maintain reliable supplies and reduce the impacts of supply interruptions.
 MWDOC's 2023 Orange County Water Reliability Study is a planning document to help guide planning for future water supply reliability for water providers in Orange County and provide input on regional water supply issues for MET.
 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum is a collaborative effort amongst MWDOC, OCWD, and all retail water suppliers in Orange County that developed water demand projections to produce regionally consistent forecasts across all Orange County water agencies.
 OCWD's Groundwater Resilience Plan (GRP - February 2025) is an adaptive strategies management plan outlining strategic projects to secure reliable future water supplies in the OC Basin.  OCWD's 2023-24 Engineer's Report provides information on the groundwater conditions, water supply, and basin utilization of the OC Basin.
 2022 Basin 8-1 Alternative is an alternative to the Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) for the OC Basin, provides significant information related to sustainable management of the basin in the past and hydrogeology of the basin, including groundwater quality and basin characteristics, and addresses DWR's recommendations to ensure long-term basin sustainability.  City of Orange Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (2025) provides the basis for the seismic and other natural and natural disaster risk analysis of the water system facilities.  Capital Improvement Plan of the City's service area provides information on water infrastructure planning projects and plans to address any required water system improvements.

2.2.1.1 Statewide Water Planning
In addition to regional coordination with the various agencies described above, the City as a MWDOC member agency is currently a part of MET's statewide planning effort to reduce reliance on the water imported from the Delta.

It is the policy of the State of California to reduce reliance on the Delta in meeting California's future water supply needs through a statewide strategy of investing in improved regional supplies, conservation, technology innovation, partner collaborations, and water use efficiency measures. This policy is codified through the Delta Stewardship Council's Delta Plan Policy WR P1 (WR P1) and is measured through Supplier reporting in each Urban Water Management Planning cycle. WR P1 is relevant to water suppliers that plan to participate in multi-year water transfers, conveyance facilities, or new diversions in the Delta.

Additionally, with the recent amendments to the Bay Delta Plan, tributary flow objectives to the Delta are being updated to account for quality and habitat improvements for local environmental resources. This results in reduced reliance on Delta water supplies. Since 2022, the Bay-Delta Plan Amendment update has been in development. This effort considers additional tributaries from the southern San Joaquin Valley, triggering a re-evaluation of Delta flow requirements and conservation objectives, which ultimately may impact available supply to the State Water Project (SWP). 504
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Through significant local investment, collaboration at both a local and regional scale and integration with MWDOC's water use efficiency strategies and conservation programs, the City has demonstrated a reduction in Delta reliance. For member agencies of MWDOC that receive imported water from MET, these agencies have passively demonstrated a reduction in Delta reliance and a subsequent improvement in regional self-reliance by participating in MWDOC led regional strategies. A detailed description and documentation of City's consistency with Delta Plan Policy WR P1 is included in Chapter 7.4 and Appendix C.

2.2.2 Wholesale and Retail Coordination
The City developed its UWMP in conjunction with MWDOC's 2025 UWMP. As a retail water supplier, City provided its historical water use and water use projections data to MWDOC (Table 2.4).

Table 2.4 Submittal Table 2-4 Retail: Water Supplier Information Exchange Submittal Table 2-4 Retail: Water Supplier Information Exchange Water Code Section 10631(h)
The retail Supplier has informed the following wholesale supplier(s) of projected water use.

Wholesale Water Supplier Name
Add additional rows as needed
Municipal Water District of Orange County
Orange County Water District
The City has also been taking part in multiple regional programs administered by MWDOC to assist retail agencies in meeting various State compliance, such as the OC Regional Alliance for Senate Bill (SB) X7-7 compliance, regional water loss program or SB 555 compliance, and regional water use efficiency programs. Chapters 5 and 9 provide detailed information on these programs.

2.2.3 Public Participation
For further coordination with other key agencies, and to encourage public participation in the review and update of this Plan, the City held a public hearing on June 9, 2026, and notified key entities and the public per the Water Code requirements. Chapters 10.2 and 10.3 describe these efforts in detail. 505
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CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The City of Orange (City) was incorporated in 1888 and is located in the north-central portion of Orange County, adjacent to the cities of Anaheim, Tustin, and Santa Ana. The 24.3-square mile water service area of the City does not follow the same boundary as the City limits. The service area extends outside of City limits and excludes several small areas inside City limits, which are served by other water purveyors. The City's Water Division operates 10 groundwater wells, 8 imported water connections, 15 pressure reducing stations, 5 flow control valves, 15 pump stations, 15 water reservoirs with 41 million gallons (MG) of storage capacity, and manages a 462-mile water mains system with approximately 33,099 service connections.

Lying in the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB), its climate is characterized by Southern California's "Mediterranean" climate with mild winters, warm summers, and moderate rainfall. In terms of land use, the City is almost built out with predominantly single and multi-family residential units and commercial establishments. Recent developments include additions of several residential units, commercial buildings, and industrial warehouses. Moving forward, the City will continue planning for its Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) allocation. The current population (2025) of 142,325 is projected to decrease by 3.7 percent over the next 25 years to 137,071. This equates to an annual decline of 0.15 percent.

3.1 Agency Overview
This section provides information on the formation and history of the City, its organizational structure, roles, and relationship to the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC).

3.1.1 Formation and Purpose
Incorporated in 1888, under the general laws of the State of California, the City of Orange is located in the north-central portion of Orange County, adjacent to the cities of Anaheim, Tustin, and Santa Ana. The City consists of a wide range of neighborhoods, with each neighborhood having a distinctive character and personality ranging from the Eichler homes built in the 1960s, to El Modena's Latino essence and Old Towne's Historic District, displaying an abundance of late 19th and early 20th century architectural styles.

The preparation of this UWMP was led by the Water Division of the City Public Works Department. The Water Division provides reliable service to the City's service area through the water distribution system that dates to the nineteenth century.

3.1.2 City Council
The City is governed by a seven-member City Council. The City Council provides policy direction for the City and enacts all municipal legislation. The City Council serves in a quasi-judicial role on certain administrative appeals and directs the administration of its policy decisions through the City Manager for delegation to appropriate City staff. The current members of the City Council are:
 Dan Slater, Mayor.
 Denis Bilodeau, District 4, Mayor Pro Tem.
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 Arianna Barrios, District 1.
 Jon Dumitru, District 2.
 Kathy Tavoularis, District 3.
 Ana Gutierrez, District 5.
 John Gyllenhammer, District 6.

3.1.3 Relationship to MWDOC
The City is one of MWDOC's 27 member agencies purchasing imported water from MWDOC, Orange County's wholesale water supplier, and a member agency of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET). The City's location within MWDOC's service area is shown on Figure 3.1.

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Figure 3.1 Regional Location of City of Orange and Other MWDOC Member Agencies 508
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3.2 Water Service Area and Facilities

3.2.1 Water Service Area
The City's 61.9-square mile sphere of influence extends east to the Cleveland National Forest. Within the sphere of influence is the City's 37.2-square mile planning area and the Water Division's 24.3-square mile water service area lying within the planning area, as shown on Figure 3.2. The 24.3-square mile Water Division's service area does not follow the same boundary as the City limits. The Water Division service area extends outside of City limits and excludes several small areas inside City limits, which are served by other water purveyors, as described below:

Areas serviced by the Water Division outside the City limits include:
 Some County Islands.
 Small area in the City of Anaheim (Along Imperial Highway north of Via Escola).  Irvine Regional Park.

Areas served by other water purveyors inside the City limits include:
 Irvine Ranch Water District (IRWD).
 Serrano Water District (SWD).
 East Orange County Water District (EOCWD).
 Golden State Water Company (GSWC).
 City of Santa Ana.

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Figure 3.2 City of Orange Water Service Area
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3.2.2 Water Facilities
The City has a water system with origins dating back to the nineteenth century. As the City has grown and developed, the Water Division has correspondingly increased its number of customer service connections, installed more wells, built a series of reservoirs, and greatly expanded the transmission and distribution pipeline systems to meet customer water service demands. The water system now includes 19 Water Division-owned groundwater wells, 8 imported water connections, 15 pressure-reducing stations, 5 flow control valves, 15 pump stations, 15 active water reservoirs with 41 MG of storage capacity, approximately 462 miles of pipelines, and about 33,099 service connections. The City currently operates 11 wells, including Well 28, which was recently completed in December 2025. Out of the 19 groundwater wells, wells 20, 21, and 22 are currently inactive due to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) impacts, but these three wells are expected to reactivate by Spring 2026. Well 8 has been decommissioned and will be replaced by Well 29 that is expected to be completed by December 2027. Well 15 is permanently inactive, and the Water Division is planning to destroy the well.

The eight turnout connections have a total allocated capacity of 60.7 cubic feet per second (cfs). Five turnout connections import water from MET, operated by MWDOC, via three MET transmission mains, including the East Allen-McColloch Pipeline (AMP), Orange County Feeder (OCF), and East Orange County Feeder Number 2 (EOCF #2). The remaining three turnout connections import water from SWD and EOCWD. The Water Division also maintains 17 inter-agency emergency connections with neighboring water purveyors. The City's existing water system facilities are shown in Figure 3.3.

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Figure 3.3 City of Orange Water System Facilities
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3.3 Climate
The City's service area is located within the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) that encompasses all of Orange County, and the urban areas of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and Riverside counties. The climate in the SCAB area is characterized by Southern California's "Mediterranean" climate: a semi-arid environment with mild winters, warm summers, and moderate rainfall.

Local rainfall has a limited impact on reducing water demand in the City, except for landscape irrigation demand. For example, in August 2023, Orange County as a region experienced the lowest seasonal water demand due to significant summer precipitation events from Tropical Storm Hilary. The increase in precipitation allowed landscape irrigation systems to be turned off; however, other municipal and industrial uses (e.g., consumption, processing, and washing) remained the same.

Water that infiltrates into the soil may enter groundwater supplies depending on the local geography.

However, due to the large extent of impervious cover in Southern California, rainfall runoff quickly flows to a system of concrete storm drains and channels that lead directly to the ocean. OCWD has successfully captured stormwater along the Santa Ana River and in recharge basins for years and used it as an additional source of supply for groundwater recharge. Based on the 2022 Basin 8-1 Alternative Plan Update, OCWD captured an average annual stormwater volume of approximately 54,000 AF over the period of five years, from Water Year 2016-17 to 2020-21.

MET's water supplies that come from the State Water Project (SWP) and the Colorado River Aqueduct (CRA) are influenced by climate conditions in Northern California and the Colorado River Basin, respectively. Both regions have variable hydrologic conditions that can significantly affect MET's supplies from year to year. This past decade has seen dramatic swings in annual precipitation, especially in the form of snowpack, which directly affects SWP supply allocations. Similarly, the Colorado River Basin also experienced year-to-year swings in hydrology, and due to the prolonged drought conditions since 2000, storage within the Colorado River system has declined to less than half of its reservoir capacity and has been fluctuating at that level (MET, 2025).

3.4 Population, Demographics, and Socioeconomics

3.4.1 Service Area Population
The City serves a 2025 population of 142,325 according to the Center for Demographic Research at California State University, Fullerton (CDR). Overall, the population is projected to decrease by 3.7 percent by 2050. Table 3.1 shows the population projections in five-year increments out to the year 2050 within the City's service area.

Table 3.1 Submittal 3-1 Retail: Population - Current and Projected Submittal Table 3-1 Retail: Population - Current and Projected Water Code Section 10631(a)
Population
Served
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050(opt)
142,325 141,093 140,112 140,188 138,777 137,071
NOTES:

Source: Center for Demographic Research at California State University, Fullerton, 2025 513
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3.4.2 Demographics and Socioeconomics
As shown below in Table 3.2, the total number of dwelling units in the City service area is expected to increase by 5.5 percent in the next 25 years, from 48,785 in 2025 to 51,444 in 2050.

Table 3.2 City of Orange Service Area Dwelling Units by Type Dwelling Units 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Single Family 26,161 26,250 26,309 26,395 26,442 26,485 All Other(1) 22,624 24,008 24,177 24,530 24,694 24,959
Total 48,785 50,258 50,486 50,925 51,136 51,444
Notes:
(1) Includes duplex, triplex, apartment, condo, townhouse, mobile home, etc. Yachts, houseboats, recreational vehicles, vans, etc., are included if it is the primary place of residence. Does not include group quartered units, cars, railroad box cars, etc.

Source: Center for Demographic Research at California State University, Fullerton, 2025.

In addition to the types and proportions of dwelling units, various socio-economic factors such as age distribution, education levels, general health status, income, and poverty levels affect the City's water management and planning. Based on the U.S. Census Bureau's 2023 American Community Survey, the City has about 14 percent of population of 65 years and over, 63 percent between the ages of 18 and 64 years, and 22 percent under the age of 18 years. Of the City's population over 25 years of age, 87 percent is at minimum a high school graduate, with 39.8 percent of this age group having at least a bachelor's degree.

3.4.3 Demographic Projection Methodology
CDR is a collaborative research center established in 1996 to provide accurate and timely demographic data on population, housing, and employment in Orange County. CDR serves as Orange County's authoritative source for demographic information. The City obtains its service area population and dwelling unit data from MWDOC via CDR. MWDOC contracts with CDR to update the 2010 population estimates through the current year and to provide an annual estimate of population served by each of its retail water suppliers within its service area. CDR uses geographic information system (GIS) mapping and data from the 2000, 2010, and 2020 U.S. Decennial Censuses, State Department of Finance (DOF) population estimates, and the CDR annual population estimates and Housing Inventory System (HIS).

These annual estimates incorporate annual revisions to the DOF annual population estimates, often for every year back to the most recent Decennial Census. As a result, all previous estimates are set aside and replaced with the most current set of annual estimates. Annexations and boundary changes for water suppliers are incorporated into these annual estimates. It should be noted that the CDR population forecast accounts for both the RHNA allocations and the projected increase in accessory dwelling units (ADUs).

Demographic projections used for this UWMP reflect the most recently available set of projections developed by CDR based on its 2022 Orange County Projections. Demographic projections for Orange County are updated every 4 years, with the next set of projections expected in the late fall of 2026. The 2022 Orange County Projections accounted for Draft RHNA rezone sites with jurisdictions, including the number of dwelling units that are most likely to occur/get built by the end of 2050 under assumptions and trends existing at the time of the forecasting effort, including a parcel-level inventory of additional housing capacity from sites that were to be rezoned to accommodate the 6th RHNA cycle. In the summer 514
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of 2025, projections by the water supplier for population and dwelling units by type were estimated using the 2022 Orange County Projections dataset. Growth for each of the five-year increments was allocated using GIS and a review of the traffic analysis zones (TAZ) data with a 2023 aerial photo. The growth was added to the 2025 estimates for each respective water supplier.

3.5 Land Uses

3.5.1 Current Land Uses
The City's service area can best be described as a predominantly single and multi-family residential community located in central Orange County. Based on the zoning designation collected and aggregated by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) in 2018, the current land use within the City's service area can be categorized as follows:
 Single-family residential - 56.0 percent.
 Multi-family residential - 12.0 percent.
 Agriculture - 0.8 percent.
 Commercial - 6.1 percent.
 Industrial - 8.9 percent.
 Institutional/Governmental - 5.6 percent.
 Open space and parks - 8.9 percent.
 Other - 1.8 percent (e.g., Undevelopable or Protected Land, Water, and Vacant).  No land use designations – 0.04 percent.

The City has identified the following projects that were completed over the past five years that add significantly to the total water demand of the City:
 Orange Corp Yard Workforce Housing - This project involves the development of a new 62-unit workforce housing multifamily apartment community. The site subdivides approximately 2.75 acres of the City of Orange Corporate Yard.
 St. Joseph Medical Office Building - This project includes a 4-story building with up to 137,500 square feet (SF) of medical office space and up to 5 levels of subterranean parking on an approximately 1.14-acre site.
 Ronald McDonald House Expansion - This project expands the existing Ronald McDonald House with a 3-story, 20,483-SF addition with 23 additional bedrooms and supporting facilities. The building will be 33,063 SF with 44 bedrooms.
 Plaza Memory Care - A 2-story residential building in place of an existing restaurant, consisting of 32 units containing 36 beds in all, with a site area of 0.917 acres and lot coverage of 40 percent.  The Orion - This project involves construction of 166 senior affordable rental units on a 3.85-acre site with an 80 percent density bonus.
 The Trails at Santiago Creek - This project includes a residential neighborhood spanning 40.2 acres (of the 109-acre site), consisting of 129 single-family detached lots. 515
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 Katella Terrace Senior Housing - Construction of 74 affordable apartment units on a site of

1.54 acres located at 1249 E. Katella Avenue.
 Valencia Garden - Constructed 62 workforce units in a new multi-family complex. The total project area is 2.75 acres. This project was completed in 2024.  IDI Orange - Located at 759 N Eckhoff Street, the project proposed two warehouse buildings.

Building 1 would include 178,966 SF warehouse and 10,600 SF of 2-story office space, and 25 dock doors. Building 2 would include a 91,696-SF warehouse and 11,500 SF of 2-story office space, and 11 dock doors. Total site area is 12.69 acres.
 Batavia Self-Storage Facility - Located at 630 N Batavia Street on a 3.1-acre site. The project proposes 3 self-storage buildings totaling 133,372 SF, including a parking lot, ornamental landscaping, and associated infrastructure.
 2390 N. American Way - A proposal to demolish all existing on-site development and construct two industrial buildings (97,000 SF) and related site improvements on a 4-acre site.  Orange Collins Logistics Center - Located at 500 W Collins Avenue on a 6.0-acre site, the project included a 128,953-SF tilt-up warehouse facility with 17 loading docks. Additional site improvements include 89 off-street parking stalls, a new trash enclosure, and ornamental landscaping along the site perimeter.
 Toyota of Orange Service Building - This project includes the construction of 32 new automobile service bays, a new demising wall between the existing storage area and new service area, and installation of a new shade structure at the rear of the property for vehicle detailing in support of an existing automobile dealership at 1400 N Tustin Street. The total lot size is 4.15 acres.  MSI Office Building - A proposal to construct a new 40,510-SF three-story office building, interior tenant improvements to an existing warehouse building, including converting 3,300 SF to office/assembly area located at 845 W. Grove Avenue, demolish an existing 1,526-SF office building at 2011 N Batavia Street, demolish an existing 6,530-SF warehouse building located at 715 W Grove Avenue, and related site improvements. The total lot size is 3.5 acres.

3.5.2 Projected Land Uses
The City has identified the following major development projects that will change the City's total water demand in the future. It is possible that not every proposed project will get built in the next decade.  Marriott Duel Hotel - This project, which is in the planning stage, involves developing a 300-guest room, 5-story, 193,590-SF hotel on a 4.555-acre site with on-grade parking (278 stalls). This development will replace an existing motel and restaurant.  Chapman - Yorba VIII - SB 330 - A new multi-family project including 11 3-story buildings with a total of 138 apartment units, a separate garage structure, an apartment management office, and a recreation area. Twenty-eight of these units shall be low-income housing. The project also includes a 92,206-SF 3-story storage building with 298 parking spaces on a vacant 8.20-acre site located at the northwest corner of Chapman Avenue and north Loretta Drive.  Street Lights Apartments - A proposal to demolish an existing 12,923-SF multi-tenant retail building to construct a new 6-story, 225-unit vertical mixed-use development with 9,000 SF of retail/restaurant space and 3 levels of basement parking. The project also includes the construction of a new two-story 516
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open parking structure to replace surface parking displaced by the project. The project address is 840 The City Drive South, and the total area is 5.86 acres.  Creekside Village SB 330 - Located at 6118 E Santiago Canyon Road, this residential development project proposes 231 residential units, including 62 single-family residences, 121 townhomes, 48 low-income rental apartments, and 705 parking spaces on a 16.7-acre site.  Mara Brandman Area Site SB 330 - Located at 6142 E Santiago Canyon Road, the project consists of 118 residential units, including 24 low-income rental apartments, and 266 parking spaces on a

7.4-acre site.
 The Village District at Orange - A residential development on 14.29 acres within the existing Village at Orange mall that will include 297 for-sale condominiums, 75 below-market-rate ADUs with kitchenette (for a total of 372 units), a 28,000-SF recreation center, and a 1,500-SF restroom and community meeting room. The project address is 2200 N Tustin Street.  515 N Rancho Santiago Boulevard - Proposed 59 single-family homes on a 13.6-acre site.  Rancho Ridge Subdivision – This project subdivides the existing lot into 11 parcels; each improved with a single-family residence. Additionally, the project includes 3 common-area lots on a 1.93-acre site. The project address is 647 N Rancho Santiago Boulevard.  Watermarke Orange Apartments - The proposed project site is approximately 6.84 acres located at the southeast corner of Garden Grove Freeway 22 and The City Drive South. The project includes 401 dwelling units with a mix of studios, 1-bedroom, and 2-bedroom units, recreation spaces, and 717 parking stalls.
 164 S Marks Way - Proposes a 50-unit, 3-story affordable senior apartments and parking spaces under AB 2162 on a 0.9-acre site.
 Melia Homes - Located at 2375 N Tustin Street, the project proposes 71 3-story single, paired, and detached small lot family homes, an open space recreation area, and guest parking on a 4.23-acre site.
 715 W Fletcher SB 330 - This subdivision includes 15 new 3-story detached single-family homes on a

0.72-acre site. One unit will be set aside for a very low-income household, which allows for a density bonus.
 Wayfield-Chapman Townhomes Project - This project is a combination of two smaller projects located at 1935 E Chapman Avenue and 175 Wayfield Street. The projects propose 46 3-story townhomes with 3 affordable to very-low-income households.  The Irvine Company Orange Heights (formerly Santiago Hills II Planned Community) - Proposed 1,058 units, 200 acres of open space, parks, and landscaping, and 2.7 miles of walking, biking, and equestrian trails. The project total area is 400 acres and is located south of Chapman Avenue and east of Jamboree Road.
 Prologis Warehouse Project - Located at 534 W Struck Avenue, this project includes the construction of a new 52,900-SF warehouse building, 5,000 SF of office space, and 5,400 SF of maintenance building on a 9.98-acre site.
 Orange Westside Linear Park - The proposed park will be developed on an approximately 1.8-acre portion of a parcel along the west bank of the Santa Ana River. The proposed project would include the development of a new park adjacent to the bike trail. 517
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 County of Orange Workforce Reentry Center - Located at 561 The City Drive South, this proposed project would provide transitional housing and vocational training for adult individuals involved in the criminal justice system or other county systems of care to facilitate their transition into the workforce.

The project will include 37,200 SF office/vocational building, 16,166 SF retail/culinary building, and a 26,998-SF supportive housing and services building.
 Katella Skyline Project - Construction of 49 paired and detached single-family units on a 2.71-acre site located at 901 E Katella Avenue. Each home has a two-car garage and a side yard that can accommodate three standard CR&R trash carts. This project is under construction.  La Linda Plaza Senior Apartments - The project is repurposing current office buildings to create 52 affordable apartment units, an administrative office, and a small gym on a 2.35-acre site located at 1914-1940 W Orangewood Avenue. This project is under construction.  Mabury Development - Constructed 22 single-family residential homes with lot sizes ranging from 8,315 to 18,821 SF on 10.9 acres and an open space dedication of 4.5 acres along the Santiago Creek corridor (south of Mabury Avenue, between Orange Park Boulevard and Cannon Street, north of Santiago Creek).
 2411 N Glassell Street - The project's scope of work included demolition of the three existing buildings on the site to redevelop the site with a one-story (plus mezzanine), 298,988-SF industrial building with manufacturing and warehousing uses. Additional improvements would include landscaping, utility connections, stormwater facilities, and fencing, as well as pavement of parking areas, loading areas, and driveways. The project also includes an 18,800-SF office space and a 20,000-SF manufacturing space on a 12.3-acre site.

It should be noted that the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model discussed in Chapter 4 was based on CDR's 2022 Orange County projections. The developments listed above may have been added or modified since. As a result, the future demands associated with these developments may increase the City's water demand beyond what is presented in this UWMP.

In addition to the above developments, the City will continue planning for the RHNA allocation imposed by the State. Additionally, new developments may potentially include ADUs, while it is also anticipated that policy changes will make it easier for homeowners to add ADUs to existing residential properties.

The following requirements and changes in laws will impact the City's future land use moving forward:
 Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) - State law requires jurisdictions to provide their share of the RHNA allocation. SCAG determines the housing growth needs by income for local jurisdictions through RHNA. The City's RHNA allocation for 2021-2029 is 3,936 dwelling units. This includes 1,067 units for very low-income households, 604 units for low-income households, 677 units for moderate-income households, and 1,588 units for above-moderate-income households. The City's 2022 6th Cycle Housing Element Update sets forth an 8-year strategy to address the City's identified RHNA housing needs, including specific implementing programs and activities. 518
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 Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) - ADUs are separate small dwellings embedded within residential properties. There has been an increase in the construction of ADUs in California in response to the rise in interest in providing an affordable housing supply. Since 2020, several landmark laws were passed by State Legislature, updating ADU law to simplify the construction, rental, and sale of ADUs in California. The most significant laws that have recently come into effect include:
» AB-1033 Accessory dwelling units: local ordinances: separate sale or conveyance which authorizes local governments to adopt ordinances permitting the sale of ADUs separately from the primary residence as condominiums.
» AB-976 Accessory dwelling units: owner-occupancy requirements that prohibit a local agency from requiring owner-occupancy for property owners to build and rent an ADU. » AB-1154 Junior accessory dwelling units which no longer requires owner-occupancy for Junior ADUs (JADUs) as long as they have their own bathroom.
» AB-1332 Accessory dwelling units: preapproved plans that require local agencies to develop a program for pre-approved ADU plans, with projects using these plans having to be approved or denied within 30 days.
» SB-543 Accessory dwelling units and junior accessory dwelling units require local agencies to determine if an ADU/JADU application is complete within 15 business days of submittal, revise ADU size to now be measured by "interior livable space," and redefine a JADU to be no more than 500 SF of interior livable space.
» SB-1211 Land use: accessory dwelling units: ministerial approval which authorizes multi-family property owners to build up to eight detached ADUs on a single lot, provided that the number of ADUs does not exceed the number of existing primary units. » AB-2533 Accessory dwelling units: junior accessory dwelling units: unpermitted developments, which prohibit local agencies from denying permits for unpermitted ADUs/JADUs constructed before January 1, 2020, based on code violations unless the structure is a health or safety hazard.

In 2024, a total of 6,162 new residential units were permitted in Orange County, including those for ADUs (CDR, 2025). CDR projects that by 2050, approximately 13,000 more ADUs will be built in Orange County, with 224 ADUs expected within the City's service area. The increase in ADUs is likely to result in an increase in the number of people per lot of land. Depending on whether the addition of ADUs results in a net replacement of irrigated area (or other high water use features such as swimming pools), ADUs could increase or decrease water demands.
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CHAPTER 4 WATER USE CHARACTERIZATION
One of the main objectives of an Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) is to provide an insight into the projected future water demands and supplies. This chapter describes the City of Orange's (City) current and future water demands for their service area, factors that influence demands, and the methodology used to forecast future water demands over the next 25 years. For the 2025 UWMPs, water demand projections will span from planning year 2025 through planning year 2050.

Known for its suburban coastal communities and densely populated inland areas, Orange County has evolved greatly from its beginnings as an agricultural region. As some of the earliest cities in Orange County, from 1928 to 1931 the Cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana all joined with 10 other southern California cities to form the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET) with the ambitious dream to bring Colorado River water across the Mojave Desert. The Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC) later joined MET as a member agency in 1951, and with the merger with Coastal Municipal Water District in 2001, now represents the remainder of Orange County to provide and manage the imported water supplies within its service area. Orange County is now mostly comprised of residential, mixed-use, and commercial developments, with less industry in the region. Agriculture in the region has also greatly reduced as Orange County has grown more suburban. Thus, modern-day water use within Orange County can be largely summarized by the following four demand sectors:
 Single-family Residential.
 Multifamily Residential.
 Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional (CII).
 Dedicated Irrigation (potable, recycled, and raw water).

Figure 4.1 shows Orange County's overall historical water usage compared to population since 1990, when local water conservation programs were first established. As shown, from the early 1990s through the mid-2000s, Orange County's water usage increased as the population increased. Population figures slowed significantly in 2018 and began to decrease during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020-2021. Since 2007, retail, municipal, and industrial water use in Orange County has declined due to multiple contributing factors. Decades of sustained investments in water-use efficiency and public education have led to significant adoption of water-efficient appliances and fixtures, and increased public awareness of the need to use water wisely. Furthermore, in response to recurring droughts, growing urban demand, and increasingly limited water supplies, multiple regulatory requirements to promote water conservation have evolved and been implemented over the past several years throughout California and Orange County.
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Figure 4.1 Historical Water Use and Population in Orange County Orange County's trending decline in water usage can most notably be attributed to Orange County water agencies' past efforts to achieve regional and individual compliance with Senate Bill (SB) X7-7, the Water Conservation Act of 2009, through the Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance and compliance with Executive Order (EO) B-29-15. EO B-29-15 mandated 25 percent reduction in potable water use in response to the 2013-2014 drought. Furthermore, Orange County water agencies' ongoing progress towards achieving SB 606 and Assembly Bill (AB) 1668, the "Making Conservation a California Way of Life" legislation, water use objectives continue to exemplify Orange County water agencies' commitment to water conservation, water use efficiency, and overall reduction in potable water usage in recent decades.

In 2025, MWDOC and Orange County Water District (OCWD), in collaboration with MWDOC's member agencies and the Cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana, led the effort to develop the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model. The Orange County Water Demand Projection Model (MWDOC, 2025) was used to project long-term water demand under three hydrologic conditions (normal year, single dry year, and five consecutive dry years) over a 25-year horizon in 5-year increments, consistent with the 2025 UWMP requirements.

Although Orange County demands are forecast to be relatively flat into the future, with water use efficiency efforts counterbalancing new growth, Figure 4.2 shows that annual variations in weather could cause high fluctuations. Some examples of this are described below:
 Single-family consumption is highly seasonal, and the model correlates well with seasonality and temperature by capturing fluctuations in single-family outdoor irrigation.  Multi-family use is generally less responsive to weather than single-family demands, as much of multi-family outdoor irrigation has been shifted into the irrigation-specific water use sector 521
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(dedicated irrigation meters), and generally newer multi-family dwellings in Orange County have comparatively less landscaped area than generally older single-family dwellings due to Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinances (MWELO) mandated since 1993. Seasonal price elasticity varies the least between months for the multi-family sector.
 Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional use is positively correlated to each job proportion as well as gross domestic product throughout Orange County, which means a higher amount of CII jobs and production value trend in an increase in water demands.  Irrigation is the most responsive to temperature and precipitation compared to the other sectors.

Figure 4.2 Projected Water Use Across All Orange County Water Agencies In terms of future development, North Orange County is substantially built out, with a majority residential land uses with some mixed-use areas dedicated to commercial, institutional, and governmental uses.

Future developments planned in North Orange County are mainly redevelopment and infill projects. As for the City's service area specifically, future developments include a number of infill projects, potential accessory dwelling units (ADUs), and additional residential units to meet the City's Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) allocation, which will all shape the City's future water use.

Water use within the City's service area has been relatively constant in the past five years, with an annual average total water use of approximately 25,050 acre-feet (AF). Following one of the worst droughts in California history between 2017 and 2022, the significant wet year in 2023 saw a decrease in overall water use from FY 2021-22 to FY 2022-23 in the City's entire service area.

Water use in FY 2024-25 included 25,213 AF potable water. The City's water use is primarily residential.

The projected water use in 2050 is 24,460 for potable water. 522
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4.1 Water Use in the Last Five Years
The five-year average water use within the City's service area is approximately 25,050 AF provided by potable sources. Demand trends have regionally remained flat due to water-use efficiency efforts and increased precipitation in recent wet years, such as FY 2023. As mentioned in Chapter 3, the City is almost completely built out. Total demands have remained relatively stable due to ongoing water conservation programs and improved water use efficiency efforts.

FY 2020-21 through FY 2021-22 saw the highest water uses over the last five years due to region-wide drought conditions. FY 2022-23 proved to be one of the wettest years on record in the State and the City saw a general decrease in water demand following this wet year, as precipitation offsets landscape irrigation demands. These year-to-year fluctuations in precipitation will continue to influence the City's annual demands. In general, the City saw a decrease in demands of 9.6 percent over the 5-year reporting period.

Table 4.1 presents the City's service area existing water use by source for direct uses. There are no indirect uses within the City's service area. The City's service area total water usage in FY 2024-25 was 25,213 AF.

The total usage was met through a combination of potable sources, including groundwater, imported water, and surface water. In FY 2024-25, about 78.3 percent of the total demand was met through Orange County Groundwater Basin (OC Basin).

Table 4.1 Submittal Table 4-1 Retail: Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water - Actual Submittal Table 4-1 Retail: Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water – Actual Water Code Section 10631(d)(1)
Use Type
Additional Description
(as needed)
2025 Actual Water Use
Drop down list
May select each use multiple times
These are the only use types that will be
recognized by the WUEdata online
submittal tool
Potable or
Non-Potable
(OPTIONAL)
Drop down list
Volume (AF)
Add additional rows as needed
Agricultural Potable 123
Commercial Includes both Commercial and Industrial Potable 7,432 Landscape Potable 545
Multi-Family Potable 4,046
Single Family Potable 11,439
Distribution System Water Loss Potable 1,361
Subtotal Potable 25,213
Subtotal Non-Potable 0
Total 25,213
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3.

NOTES: Distribution System Water Loss is calculated as the difference between total potable production and use for FY 2025.
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Table 4.1 summarizes the City's potable water demand for FY 2024-25; a total of 25,213 AF of potable water was used. The City has a mix of single and multi- family residential water use which account for

61.4 percent of their total potable water demand. Combined commercial and industrial use accounts for

29.5 percent of total potable demand. Landscape irrigation accounts for 2.2 percent of total potable demand while agricultural uses account for 0.5 percent of total potable demand. Distribution system water loss was 6.5 percent in FY 2024-25.

4.2 Projected Water Use
The water use projection for this UWMP is separated into a near-term period covering the next five years (2026-2030) and a long-term period extending from 2030 through 2050.

The water use projection is based on the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum (TM), which is included in Appendix H of this UWMP. The methodology used in this demand forecast links water use statistically to a set of explanatory variables through a regression, or econometric, model. Section 4.3 offers a description of the methodology used to calculate the City's demand projections.

4.2.1 Water Use Projections for 2026-2030
Total demands (direct) are met through imported water (treated) and groundwater. The City utilizes the projected total demands to incorporate the best available planning information when projecting the imported water demands of its service area. The City's total water demand projection for the next five years is shown in Table 4.2. As shown, the City's total service area water demands are expected to decrease over the next five years (2026 to 2030). The City does not project any non-potable demands for its service area in the next five years.

Table 4.2 City of Orange's Service Area Total Potable Demand for 2026-2030 Total Water Demand
Fiscal Year Ending 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Total Water Demand (AF) 24,897 24,795 24,752 24,593 24,529

4.2.2 Water Use Projections for 2030-2050
The City's service area's total water demands (by use type) for 2030-2050 are shown in Table 4.3. By 2050, total water demand is projected to be 24,460 AF, a 2.3 percent decrease from the 2025 demand of 25,213 AF. Table 4.4 indicates additional information for both future conservation efforts and low-income water demands included in the projections, while Table 4.5 presents the passive water savings included in Table 4.3 projections for 2030-2050.
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Table 4.3 Submittal Table 4-2 Retail: Total Uses of Potable, and Non-Potable Water - Projected Submittal Table 4-2 Retail: Total Uses of Potable, and Non-Potable Water - Projected Water Code Section 10631(d)(1)
Use Type
Additional Description
(as needed)
Projected Water Use
(Report To the Extent that Records are Available)
Drop down list
May select each use
multiple times
These are the only Use
Types that will be
recognized by the WUEdata
online submittal tool
Potable or
Non-Potable
(OPTIONAL)
Drop down list
2030
(AF)
2035
(AF)
2040
(AF)
2045
(AF)
2050 (opt)
(AF)
Add additional rows as needed.

Single Family Potable 10,057 10,023 10,034 9,977 9,928 Multi-Family Potable 7,794 7,804 7,864 7,831 7,816
Commercial Includes Institutional
and Industrial uses
Potable 5,202 5,246 5,293 5,356 5,415
Landscape Includes Agriculture use Potable 180 180 181 180 180 Distribution System
Water Loss
Includes Other uses Potable 1,296 1,297 1,303 1,302 1,301 Subtotal Potable 24,529 24,550 24,675 24,646 24,640
Subtotal Non-Potable 0 0 0 0 0
Total 24,529 24,550 24,675 24,646 24,640
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3.

NOTES: Source - 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Forecast for the City of Orange.

Table 4.4 Submittal Table 4-3 Retail: Inclusion in Water Use Projections Submittal Table 4-3 Retail: Inclusion in Water Use Projections Water Code Section 10631 (a), 10631 (d)(4)(A), and 10631 (d)(4)(B) Are Future Water Savings Included in Projections?
Drop down list (y/n) Yes
If "Yes" to above, state the section or page number, in the cell to the right, where citations of the codes, ordinances, or otherwise are utilized in demand projections are found.

Optional Suppliers may complete Optional Submittal Table 4-4 R to quantify the expected savings.

NOTES: Future water savings include passive conservation (defined as water savings that occur without incentives).

Active conservation (defined as water savings that occur with incentives) is not included in the projections.

The demand projection methodology accounted for the entire population of the service area (i.e. all income levels). 525
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Table 4.5 Optional Submittal Table 4-4 Retail: Passive Water Savings Projections OPTIONAL Submittal Table 4-4 Retail: Passive Water Savings Projections Water Code Section 10631(d)(4)(A)
Description
(Codes, Standards, Ordinances, or Plans)
Passive savings
2030 (AF) 2035 (AF) 2040 (AF) 2045 (AF) 2050 (opt)
(AF)
Add additional rows as needed
341 340 342 340 339
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3.

NOTES: Passive conservation here is defined as water savings that occur without incentives. Based on the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model, passive conservation is assumed to equal a 1.9% decrease in residential demand due to conservation by 2030 (linearly extrapolated), then remains constant in subsequent years.

Total potable water demands are projected to increase to 24,460 AF by the year 2050, an increase of about 0.5 percent between 2030 and 2050 (Table 4.3). It is projected that combined single- and multi-family residential water use will account for 72 percent of total potable water demand. Combined commercial, institutional, and industrial water use is expected to account for 22 percent, and landscape irrigation water use will account for 0.7 percent of total potable water use in the City by 2050. Distribution system water loss and other uses will account for 5.3 percent of total potable water demands.

4.3 Water Demand Projection Methodology
In 2025, MWDOC and OCWD, in collaboration with MWDOC's member agencies and the Cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana, led the effort to develop the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model, (MWDOC, 2025). This effort developed a demand model by regressing historical water consumption data provided by each Orange County water agency against several explanatory variables known to influence water demand (including weather, water price, regional economic conditions, and housing density). The water demand projections were for the Orange County region as a whole and provided retail agency specific demands, spanning the years of 2025-2050. The full TM can be found in Appendix H.

The demand projections created four econometric, or regression, demand models representing the following four water billing sectors for each Orange County retail agency:
 Single-family Residential.
 Multifamily Residential.
 CII.
 Dedicated Irrigation (potable, recycled, and raw water).

Prior to developing the forecasts, model calibration and fine tuning for each of the four demand sectors occurred at the individual retail agency level. The demand across all four models, plus other uses for each agency, is summed to a total forecast for each agency, the MWDOC service area, the OCWD service area, and total Orange County.
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The demand projection methodology accounted for the entire population of each individual retail agency's service area (i.e., all income levels), thus accounting for the water demand projections for lower income households within the City's service area.

4.3.1 Econometric Approach, Data Acquisition, and Model Development A regression, or econometric, approach to demand forecasting statistically links retail level water use to weather, economic, and socioeconomic factors (explanatory variables). The model relies on a comprehensive dataset of historical water-use data for almost 40 different billing sectors collected from Orange County retail agencies. MWDOC obtained explanatory variables from reputable sources, including weather databases and Census-based reports. The explanatory variables used in the regression were based on industry experience regarding what factors affect water use nationwide and in Southern California.

By statistically linking water use to explanatory variables, the econometric models provide a robust foundation for understanding variability and projecting future consumption patterns. Modeled water use is the product of the driver count (e.g., number of accounts), and the rate of water use per driver:

𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑊𝑊 = 𝐷𝐷𝑊𝑊𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑊𝑊 × 𝑅𝑅𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 𝐶𝐶𝑜𝑜 𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑊𝑊 𝑝𝑝𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 𝐷𝐷𝑊𝑊𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 Each of the four demand sectors modeled (single family, multifamily, CII, and irrigation) has a separate equation. Driver units change into the future based on housing, employment, and population projections.

The rate of water use per driver is based on the historical response of the use rate to explanatory variables (measured by coefficients) and the future values of those same explanatory variables.

Linear regression produces the coefficients for each explanatory variable to closely reproduce the historical rate of use per driver unit. The coefficients explain how (both in terms of magnitude and sign) water use responds to changes to explanatory variables.

MWDOC identified driver units based on data provided by agencies and the Center for Demographic Research at Cal State Fullerton (CDR) that can be easily projected into the future. The rate of water use per driver is based on agency provided billing sector uses from 2010 through 2024. Table 4.6 shows the driver units and rate of use for each of the four models.

Table 4.6 Summary of Demand Sectors
Sector Driver Units Rate of Use Definition
Single-family Residential Accounts Gallons/account/day
Multifamily Residential Accounts Gallons/account/day
CII Jobs Gallons/job/day
Dedicated Irrigation (potable, recycled, and raw water) Accounts Gallons/account/day The rates of water use for each sector model are based on the historical responses to explanatory variables, and the future values of those explanatory variables. Addressing multiple influences on demand improves the accuracy and precision of all estimated parameters, and the modeling team identified a large range of explanatory variables based on past experience with demand modeling and available data.

Table 4.7 displays the explanatory variables.
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Table 4.7 Summary of Historical Data Collected for Model Development Dataset Data Source(s)
Observed weather (monthly precipitation,
monthly maximum temperature)
PRISM
Water Price Retail agency provided (2010 – 2024)
Drought Restrictions State Water Resources Control Board GDP Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Real Gross Domestic Product: All Industries in Orange County, California
Median Income US Census ACS
Housing Density US Census ACS, CDR, SCAG land use data
Persons Per Household US Census ACS, CDR, SCAG land use data Relative Sectoral Economic Activity US Census LODES, CDR Passive Efficiency Estimates Analysis of trend indicators and MWDOC/FLUME insight COVID Binary Indicator Assumed active from March 2020 – May 2023 Notes:

ACS - American Community Survey; PRISM - Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model The MWDOC Water Use Efficiency Group provided annual water savings achieved by various active conservation measures. To avoid potential errors in the classification of historical conservation data, total historical conservation was modeled in each sectoral regression model using a linear trend to capture steady change over time. While historical conservation is captured in a linear trend, projected passive conservation is based on the best available data from 2021 Orange County Residential Water Efficiency Potential and Opportunities Study and assumes a 1.9 percent decrease in annual residential demand from 2025 to 2030, at which point passive conservation is projected to remain constant. Future active conservation is not accounted for in baseline demand forecast, as water savings from active programs (programs that require customers to change behavior) are highly specific to retail agencies and to the formulation and timing of their implementation.

The process of identifying the explanatory variables to include in the regression equation and developing coefficients that accurately measure the response of water use to changes in these variables is the most time-intensive part of the demand forecasting process.

Prior to developing the forecasts, model calibration and fine tuning for each of the four demand sectors occurred at the individual retail agency level. The modeling team worked with each retail agency to calibrate sectoral model equations and quantify other uses (those not included in the single-family, multifamily, irrigation, or CII demand sectors).
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Figure 4.3 presents the iterative process undergone to develop the econometric demand forecasts.

Figure 4.3 Econometric Demand Forecast Development Process

4.3.2 Forecasted Demands
Forecasted demand is a function of both the change in driver units into the future as well as the change in explanatory variables. Table 4.8 summarizes the future drivers and variables and assumptions for the baseline forecast. It should be noted that the CDR demographic forecast accounts for both the RHNA allocations and projected increase in Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs). The 2022 Orange County Projections accounted for Draft RHNA rezone sites1 with jurisdictions including the number of dwelling units that are most likely to occur/get built by the end of 2050 under assumptions and trends existing at the time of the forecasting effort.

1 For the 2022 Orange County Projections, CDR collected initial draft input from local jurisdictions in September 2021 on their anticipated jurisdiction-level housing growth for each projection year. In December 2021-February 2022, CDR reviewed and extracted data from jurisdictions' draft housing elements to create a parcel-level inventory of additional housing capacity from sites that were to be rezoned to accommodate the 6th RHNA cycle. These were reviewed by jurisdictions in spring 2022.

Jurisdictions completed the rezoning of the final sites after their housing elements were certified by the State Housing and Community Development Department starting in 2022. The final adopted rezone sites will feed into CDR's 2026 Orange County Projections.
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Table 4.8 Future Model Parameters
Data Category Variable Source Assumptions
Driver Units Single-family and
multifamily accounts
CDR Historical households per account; averages are
multiplied by households projected by CDR
Irrigation accounts Agency Billing Data Accounts are assumed to be constant into the future Sectoral Employment CDR Proportion of jobs within CII sectors projected by CDR
Explanatory
Variables
Monthly Maximum
Temperature and Total
Precipitation
PRISM 30-year historical normal weather
Water Price Retail Agencies Prices increase by 3% per year above inflation for 2025-2030 and keeps pace with inflation thereafter
(zero difference from inflation trend)
Water Use Restrictions State and Local
Restrictions
None
Seasonality Sine/cosine functions to capture monthly pattern Median Income US Census Constant income at 2022 value (real dollars) Housing Density CDR Derived from CDR housing unit projections, assuming residential area remains at 2024 levels
Persons Per Household CDR CDR projected demographics
Gross Domestic Product Federal Reserve Long-term GDP trend Relative Sectoral
Employment
CDR Calculated based on CDR projections
Passive Efficiency
Estimates
Flume Insight Assumes a 2% decrease in residential demand due to conservation by 2030 (linearly extrapolated), then
no change
COVID Binary Indicator None (occurred between March 2020 and May 2023) The normal year scenario was provided by the baseline forecast. In this model, the single dry year scenario used a hot-dry index (HDI) to identify the year with the most weather-sensitive demand, with 2014 selected for most agencies. The multiple dry year was developed to describe the potential impact of consecutive dry years. The forecasts for individual agencies, including the City's, was then summed to the regional level, providing regionally consistent forecasts for all of Orange County.

4.4 Water Loss
The City has conducted annual water loss audits since 2015 per the American Water Works Association (AWWA) methodology per SB 555 to understand the relationship between water loss, operating costs, and revenue losses. Non-revenue water for Calendar Year (CY) 2020-2024 consists of three components: real losses (e.g., leakage in mains and service lines, and storage tank overflows), apparent losses (unauthorized consumption, customer metering inaccuracies, and systematic data handling errors), and unbilled water (e.g., hydrant flushing, firefighting, and blow-off water from well start-ups). Table 4.9 summarizes the status of the last five years of water loss audit reporting for the water system. Reports can be found online at WUEdata - Water Audit Plans. Understanding and controlling water loss from a distribution system is an effective way for the City to achieve regulatory standards and manage their existing resources. 530
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Table 4.9 Submittal Table 4-5 Retail: Water Loss Audit Reporting Submittal Table 4-5 Retail: Water Loss Audit Reporting
Water Code Section 10631(d)(3)(A)
Public Water System ID # Reported in
Table 2-1 R Reporting Period Submitted to DWR Water Loss Audit Program (yes/no)
Report submittal status for all five years for each Public Water System as available.

Add rows as needed
CA3010027
2020 Yes
2021 Yes
2022 Yes
2023 Yes
2024 Yes
DWR NOTES: Suppliers will provide a link to the WUEdata submittals of their Water Loss Audit Reports.

NOTES: Water Loss Audits reported in CY.

Signed in 2018 and adopted in 2024, the "Making Conservation a California Way of Life" legislation (SB 606 and Assembly Bill 1668) establishes a new framework for long-term improvements in urban water use efficiency and drought planning as California adapts to climate change impacts. Under the regulation, Suppliers must annually calculate Urban Water Use Objectives based on standards applied at the service area scale, including the Water Loss Performance Standard developed by the State Water Resources Control Board to minimize water waste through system leaks. The Water Loss Performance Standard requires that Suppliers must meet the real water loss standard and apparent water loss standard by 2028.

Table 4.10 presents the City's progress towards compliance with the 2028 Water Loss Standard, as of the time of writing this UWMP. The most recent AWWA Water Loss Audit for CY 2024 was utilized for the calculations presented.

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Table 4.10 Submittal Table 4-6 Retail: Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard Submittal Table 4-6 Retail: Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard Water Code Section 10631(d)(3)(C)
Public Water
System ID #
Reported in
Submittal
Table 2-1 R
Did the Water Board
Calculate a Water
Loss Standard for
this Public Water
System? (y/n)
If no, Supplier will
not complete this
row.

Real Water Loss Apparent Water Loss
State Water Board
Standard
Most Recent AWWA
Water Loss Audit
Real
Water
Loss Per
Unit per
Day
State Water Board
Standard
Most Recent AWWA
Water Loss Audit
Apparent
Water
Loss Per
Unit per
Day
2028 Real
Water Loss
Standard
per Unit
per day
Units for
Real Water
Loss
Drop down
list
Number of
Units
(Connections
or Miles
corresponding
with units
selected)
Volume of
Total Real
Loss
(from
AWWA
Water
Loss
Audit)
2028
Apparent
Water Loss
Standard
per Unit
per Day
Units for
Apparent
Water Loss
Number of
Connections
Volume of
Total
Apparent
Loss
(from
AWWA
Water Loss
Audit)
(AF) (AF)
Add additional rows as needed.

CA3010027 Yes 27.1
Gallons per
Service
Connection
per Day
(GPSCD)
36,570 559.14 13.6 20.0
Gallons
per Service
Connection
per Day
(GPSCD)
36,570 658.56 16.1
Water Board's Calculated Water Loss Standards
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) for Water Loss MUST remain consistent with units reported in Submittal Table 2-3. The units reported in Submittal Table 2-3 are used in this table's calculations.

NOTES: Uses the Water Board's calculated water loss standards updated as of 01/30/2026 and AWWA Water Loss Audit for CY 2024. Connection count may differ from what is reported in Table 2-1 R for FY 2025.

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CHAPTER 5 CONSERVATION TARGET COMPLIANCE
The Water Conservation Act of 2009, also known as Senate Bill (SB) X7-7, mandated a 20 percent reduction in urban per capita water use across California by 2020. To achieve this goal, the Act required each retail water supplier to establish an urban water-use target, contributing to the State’s collective efforts. The Legislature stated that the combined reductions from all retail suppliers would fulfill the statewide legislative mandate.

The goal of this chapter is to allow the retail water supplier to report on their progress toward meeting their urban water-use targets in their UWMP, pursuant to Water Code Section 10608.40. Suppliers that did not meet their 2020 target in 2020 are required to compare their 2025 water use to the 2020 target.

Retail water suppliers are required to comply with SB X7-7 individually or as a region in collaboration with other retail water suppliers or demonstrate they have a plan or have secured funding to be in compliance, in order to be eligible for water related state grants and loans.

When determining water use in an UWMP, two terms are often used interchangeably:
 Daily Per Capita Water Use. The amount of water used per person per day. In the UWMP calculations, this is total water use within a service area, divided by population, and it is measured in gallons.
 Gallons Per Capita Per Day (GPCD). This is the “daily per capita water use” measured in gallons.

Therefore, the term commonly used when referring to “daily per capita water use” is “gallons per capita per day” or GPCD.1

5.1 Reporting Requirements
MWDOC’s Water Use Efficiency (WUE) programs helped Orange County meet the state’s 20x2020 mandate by coordinating conservation efforts across its member agencies, funding and implementing regionally cost-effective efficiency programs, and enabling compliance through the Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance. By aligning its WUE portfolio directly with SB X7-7 requirements, supporting high-impact measures (especially outdoor water savings), documenting eligible indirect potable reuse credits, and centrally handling regional target calculations and reporting, MWDOC allowed participating retailers to comply collectively rather than individually resulting in regional per capita water use well below the required 2020 target.

1 It is important to distinguish GPCD (as used in UWMPs) from the Residential Gallons Per Capita Per Day (R-GPCD) that is used in some reporting to the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).

GPCD is the total water use from all sectors within a service area (residential, commercial, institutional, and any others) minus allowable exclusions (as defined in SB X7-7), then divided by the population. This is used in UWMPs. R-GPCD is only a part of the GPCD; it is the estimated residential water use in a service area divided by population.
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As a result of MWDOC’s WUE program, all Orange County water retailers, including all MWDOC’s member agencies and the participating cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana, achieved compliance prior to 2020. The following table with information taken from the 2020 UWMP verifies that City of Orange met their SB X7-7 requirement. A discussion of programs implemented to support the achievement of the agency’s per capita water reduction goals is covered in Section 9 - Demand Management Measures of this UWMP.

Table 5.1 Submittal Table 5-1 Retail: SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress

Actual 2025 GPCD
(From SB X7-7
Compliance Form)
Did Supplier meet
the 2020 Target in
2025?
No Individual Target 181 129 Yes NA
Submittal Table 5-1 Retail: SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress Water Code Section 10608.40
NOTES: Supplier met the 2020 target, actual 2025 GPCD not required.

Did Supplier
Achieve Targeted
Reduction for
2020?
Actual 2020 GPCD2020 Target
Regional Alliance
Target or
Individual
Target?
Drop down list
DWR NOTES:

Suppliers calculating a 2025 GPCD will need to complete and submit SB X 7-7 Compliance Tables to verify the use of SB X7-7 Methodologies.

Suppliers that were part of a merger or consolidation since 2020 see Chapter 5 and Appendix P for guidance.

NA=Not Applicable
Check the box if the Supplier was not an Urban Water Supplier during or before the 2020 UWMP reporting cycle.

Proceed to the next table.

Only for suppliers that did not meet the
Target in 2020
See DWR NOTES below.

Was Supplier part of
a merger or
consolidation since
2020?
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CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY CHARACTERIZATION
Orange County has a water supply portfolio made up from a variety of local and imported sources.

Groundwater is produced from the Orange County Groundwater Basin (OC Basin), which is managed by the Orange County Water District (OCWD). To enhance the reliability of groundwater, OCWD has implemented projects and programs over the years that include: (1) the Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS), which is the world's largest water purification system for indirect potable reuse; (2) increased stormwater capture for groundwater recharge; and (3) participation in the Santa Ana River Conservation and Conjunctive Use Program (SARCCUP), a collaborative, watershed-scale approach for groundwater basin management, replenishment, and water transfers.

Imported water is provided by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET), the wholesale water provider to 26 member agencies in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura Counties. MET's imported water sources are delivered through its own Colorado River Aqueduct (CRA) and the California Aqueduct, under contract with the State Water Project (SWP). To enhance its reliability of its imported water, MET has implemented many programs such as canal lining and transfers of agricultural water, land fallowing programs with irrigation districts, water banking programs, and use of its storage reservoirs.

Local and imported water sources in Orange County are managed in such a way that they complement each other. For example, during wet and normal years additional MET water is purchased for groundwater replenishment in the OC Basin. During dry and drought years, when imported water is more limited, more groundwater can be produced to meet Orange County water demands. This coordinated management of water supplies has resulted in reliable water service even during multi-year droughts. Based on the water supply assessment described in this chapter and in Chapter 7, the Orange County region will continue to receive a reliable water supply through the next 25 years.

Specifically, this chapter includes: (1) descriptions of each water supply source and their management; (2) quantification of water supply sources through 2050 under normal, dry, and multi-dry weather conditions; (3) opportunities for exchanges and transfers; and (4) discussion regarding any planned or potential future water supply projects. This chapter also includes the energy intensity of the water service.

6.1 Water Supply Overview
The City meets all of its demands with a combination of imported water, local groundwater, and local surface water to meet its water needs. The City works together with two primary agencies, Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC) and OCWD, to deliver a safe and reliable water supply that will continue to serve the community in periods of drought and shortage. MWDOC is the Orange County wholesaler of imported water purchased from MET, which is delivered from the SWP and MET's CRA to Southern California. The City purchases imported water through MWDOC and East Orange County Water District (EOCWD) to supplement their local supplies.

Local sources presently account for 78 percent of the City's water supplies, whereby groundwater is the major source of local supply. The primary source of groundwater originates from the OC Basin, which is located in the middle portion of MWDOC's service area and is managed by OCWD. The GWRS is a joint 535
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project between OCWD and the Orange County Sanitation District (OC San). Using advanced treatment, recycled wastewater is transformed into a high-quality water supply for groundwater replenishment. The City's main source of water supply is groundwater from the OC Basin. Imported water makes up the rest of the City's water supply portfolio. In FY 2024-25, the City relied on approximately 78 percent groundwater and 19 percent imported water, and 3 percent surface water (Table 6.1).

Table 6.1 Submittal Table 6-8 Retail: Water Supplies – 2025 Actual Submittal Table 6-8 Retail: Water Supplies — 2025 Actual Water Code Section 10631(b)
Water Supply
Additional Description
2025
Actual Volume
(AF)
Groundwater (not desalinated) Orange County Groundwater Basin 19,737 Purchased or Imported Water MWDOC 4,569
Purchased or Imported Water EOCWD 169
Surface Water (not desalinated) Surface Water 738
Total 25,213
NOTES: Source – City of Orange, 2025
In 2025, MWDOC developed a water demand forecast model for its participating water agencies that statistically correlates municipal and industrial (M&I) water use with demographic, socioeconomic, conservation and weather variables—as reported in the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model TM (MWDOC, 2025). Because the model isolates weather, future water demand projects can be estimated under single and multiple-year droughts and under future climate change scenarios.

It is projected that by 2050, the City's water portfolio will change to approximately 85 percent groundwater and 15 percent imported water (Table 6.2 and Figure 6.1). It should be noted that these representations of supply match the projected demand. However, the City can purchase more MET imported water through MWDOC, should the need arise. Note that GWRS supplies are included as part of groundwater pumping numbers.

The following subsections provide a detailed discussion of the City's water sources as well as the future water supply portfolio for the next 25 years.
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Figure 6.1 City's Projected Water Supply

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Table 6.2 Submittal Table 6-9 Retail: Water Supplies – Projected Submittal Table 6-9 Retail: Water Supplies — Projected
Water Code Section 10631 (b)
Water Supply Additional Detail on
Water Supply
Projected Water Supply
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (opt)
Reasonably
Available Volume
Reasonably
Available Volume
Reasonably
Available Volume
Reasonably
Available Volume
Reasonably
Available Volume
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Purchased or Imported Water MWDOC 3,679 3,683 3,701 3,697 3,696 Groundwater (not desalinated) OCWD 20,849 20,868 20,974 20,949 20,944 Total 24,528 24,551 24,675 24,646 24,640
NOTES: Source - MWDOC, 2025.

Groundwater volumes assume OCWD's basin production percentage (BPP) to be 85% starting in 2025. Volumes of groundwater and imported water may vary depending on OCWD's actual BPP projections, which are established annually. 538
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6.2 Imported Water
The City supplements its water supply with imported water purchased from MET through MWDOC. In FY 2024-25, the City relied on approximately 4,569 acre-feet per year (AFY)—approximately 18 percent of the City's water supply portfolio for FY 2024-25—of imported water from MET/MWDOC to meet its demands.

MET's two principal sources of water are the Colorado River and the SWP. MET receives water from the Colorado River through the CRA and from the SWP through the California Aqueduct. For Orange County, the water obtained from these sources is treated at the Robert B. Diemer Filtration Plant located in the City of Yorba Linda. Typically, the Diemer Filtration Plant receives a blend of Colorado River water from Lake Mathews through the MET Lower Feeder and SWP water through the Yorba Linda Feeder.

The City owns specified capacity rights for the delivery of water from the Allen-McColloch Pipeline (AMP).

MET currently owns and operates the AMP. The City owns 22.7 cubic feet per second (cfs) of capacity within the AMP, which is used as a supplemental source of domestic water. The City owns 14 cfs of capacity within the East Orange County Feeder #2 (EOCF #2). The EOCF #2 is a pipeline jointly owned by several local agencies and MET. The City also has a connection capacity of 10 cfs within the Orange County Feeder.

A portion of the City lies within the boundaries of EOCWD. This part of the City is entitled to the capacity rights of the EOCWD, which is supplied with imported water via the AMP and the EOCF #2 from MET sources. In FY 2024-25, the City relied on approximately 169 AFY—approximately 1 percent of the City's water supply portfolio for FY 2024-25—of imported water from EOCWD.

The City imported a total of approximately 4,737 AFY in FY 2024-25—approximately 19 percent of the City's water supply portfolio for FY 2024-25—from MET/MWDOC and EOCWD.

6.2.1 Metropolitan Water District of Southern California MET is the largest water wholesaler in California, serving approximately 19 million customers in a 5,200-square mile service area. MET wholesales imported water supplies to 26 member agencies located in the six southern California counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura.

MET is governed by a Board of Directors comprised of 38 appointed individuals with a minimum of one representative from each of MET's 26 member agencies. The allocation of directors and voting rights is determined by each agency's assessed valuation. Each member of the Board is entitled to cast one vote for each ten million dollars of assessed valuation of property taxable for district purposes, in accordance with Section 55 of the Metropolitan Water District Act. Directors may be appointed by the chief executive officer of the member agency or by a majority vote of the agency's governing board. Directors are not compensated by MET for their service (The Metropolitan Water District Act, 1969).

MET is responsible for importing water into the region through its operation of the CRA, which brings Colorado River supply to its service area, and its SWP contract, which brings water from northern California via the California Aqueduct. MET supplements its direct deliveries of imported supplies with its storage reservoirs, water transfers, agricultural irrigation water conservation, and water banking programs.

Major imported water aqueducts bringing water to Southern California are shown in Figure 6.2. It should 539
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be noted that the Los Angeles Aqueduct is owned and operated by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power and is not part of MET's imported water supplies. Member agencies receive water from MET through various delivery points and pay for service through a rate structure comprising volumetric rates, capacity charges, and readiness-to-serve charges. Member agencies provide MET with estimates of imported water demand in April each year, indicating the amount of water they anticipate they will need to meet their demands over the next five years.

In Orange County, MWDOC and the cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana are MET member agencies that purchase imported water directly from MET. MWDOC purchases both treated potable and untreated water from MET to supplement its retail agencies' local water supplies and for groundwater replenishment. Figure 6.3 illustrates the MET feeders and major transmission pipelines that deliver water within Orange County.
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Figure 6.2 Major Aqueducts that Supply Imported Water to Southern California (MET, 2025) 541
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Figure 6.3 MET Feeders and Transmission Mains that Serve Orange County 542
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6.2.2 Colorado River Aqueduct

6.2.2.1 Background
The Colorado River was MET's original source of water after MET's establishment in 1928. The original founding members created MET with the goal to build the Colorado River Aqueduct (CRA) to bring water to Southern California. The CRA, which is owned and operated by MET, transports water from the Colorado River to its terminus Lake Mathews, in Riverside County. The actual amount of water per year that may be conveyed through the CRA to MET's member agencies is subject to the availability of Colorado River water. Approximately 40 million people rely on the Colorado River and its tributaries for potable water with 5.5 million acres of land using Colorado River water for irrigation. The CRA includes supplies from the implementation of the Quantification Settlement Agreement (QSA) and its related agreements to transfer water from agricultural agencies to urban uses. The 2003 QSA enabled California to implement major Colorado River water conservation and transfer programs to stabilize water supplies and reduce the state's demand on the river to its 4.4 million acre-feet (MAF) entitlement. Colorado River transactions are potentially available to supply additional water up to the CRA capacity of 1.25 MAF on an as-needed basis. Water from the Colorado River or its tributaries is available to users in California, Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming, and Mexico. California is apportioned the use of 4.4 MAF of water from the Colorado River each year plus one-half of any surplus that may be available for use collectively in Arizona, California, and Nevada. In addition, California has historically been allowed to use Colorado River water apportioned to, but not used by, Arizona or Nevada. MET has fourth-priority rights, with a basic entitlement of 550,000 AFY of Colorado River water, plus surplus water up to an additional 662,000 AFY when the following conditions exist (MET, 2025):
 Water is unused by the California holders of priorities 1 through 3.  Water is saved by the Palo Verde land management, crop rotation, and water supply program.  When the US Secretary of the Interior makes available either one or both of the following:
» Surplus water.
» Colorado River water that is apportioned to but unused by Arizona and/or Nevada.

6.2.2.2 Current Conditions and Supply
The Colorado River supply faces current and future imbalances between water supply and demand in the Colorado River Basin due to reductions in snowpack, long-term drought conditions, and climate change.

The last 25-year period has been called a megadrought, with Lake Mead's elevation dropping from a high of 1,215 feet in 2000 to its lowest level of 1,040 feet in July 2022. While extreme wet conditions resulted in lake levels exceeding 1,077 feet in February 2024, levels have been persistently hovering around 1,057 feet since May of 2025. The United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) projects that there is a 53 percent likelihood that Lake Mead elevation could fall below 1,035 feet, which would trigger water shortages for MET under the current operating guidelines. As of August 2025, Lake Mead storage was approximately 31 percent of capacity per USBR's 24-Month Study, which also projected continued Lower Basin shortage conditions in 2026 (MET, 2025).

The current operating guidelines for the Colorado River expire at the end of 2026, and a new, long-term operating plan must be in place by November 2026 to manage the river's water supply. The ongoing Colorado River allocation negotiations are focused on creating a post-2026 operating plan, with states 543
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and the federal government aiming for consensus on how to manage the river's declining water supply due to the severe, prolonged drought in the Colorado River Basin. The drought on the Colorado River began around 2000 and has continued, in various degrees of severity, for over two decades, making it a historic megadrought that has significantly reduced water flow into the river and lowered water levels in reservoirs like Lake Powell and Lake Mead. Although some periods, like the wet winter of 2023, brought temporary relief with increased snowfall, they were not enough to fully replenish the system or overcome the prolonged lack of water and effects of climate change, such as aridification and increased evaporation according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS, 2024). Under the 2007 Interim Guidelines, together with the Lower Basin Drought Contingency Plan (2019), the Intentionally Created Surplus (ICS) program has allowed MET to store conserved water in Lake Mead for subsequent recovery; these frameworks sunset with the Guidelines at the end of 2026 and are expected to be addressed in the post-2026 rules (MET, 2025).

The USBR, which is part of the US Department of the Interior, is the federal agency leading the negotiations and responsible for managing the river system. The ongoing Colorado River negotiations aim to find a fair and sustainable way to allocate the available water, which is significantly less than in the past. Talks are centering on a "natural flow" proposal that divides water based on current river conditions, rather than historical allocations. However, states remain at odds over how much water to allocate to the Upper and Lower Basins, with the federal government planning to impose its own plan if an agreement is not reached by the November 2026 deadline. Some key challenges that remain to be resolved are the different interests of the Upper Basin states (Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, New Mexico) and the Lower Basin states (California, Arizona, Nevada) to reach consensus on how much water the Upper Basin should send downstream. In addition, Tribal nations are also seeking recognition of their rights and a role in the future management of the river. Given MET's junior priority status within California's Colorado River priority system, reductions to MET's supplies are a possibility under future operating criteria; MET's planning reflects this risk (MET, 2025).

Consistent with MET's 2025 UWMP, supply capability planning uses USBR's August 2023 Colorado River Simulation System (CRSS) assumptions, including a climate adjusted flow reduction factor of approximately 9.3 percent per 1 degree Celsius of warming over the planning horizon (2025–2050). MET continues to utilize supply, storage, transfer, and conservation programs, including ICS participation under the current Guidelines, to manage risk and buffer shortages. In addition, conserved QSA related transfer water delivered at Lake Havasu (including Imperial Irrigation District and canal-lining exchanges) is categorized in MET's 2025 UWMP as Colorado River imported supply (previously treated as local supply), aligning accounting with current practice (MET, 2025).

6.2.2.3 MET Colorado River Current Programs
Over the years, MET has helped fund and implement various programs to improve Colorado River supply reliability and help resolve the imbalance between supply and demand. Implementation of such programs has contributed to achievements such as a record-low diversion of the Colorado River in 2019, a level not seen since the 1950s. Colorado River water management programs include:
 Lower Colorado Water Supply Projects – Authorized in 1980s, this project provides up to 10,000 AFY of water to certain entities that do not have or have insufficient rights to use Colorado River water. A contract executed in 2007 allowed MET to receive project water left unused by the 544
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project contractors along the River; nearly 10,000 acre-feet (AF) were received in recent years when unused supplies were available.
 Imperial Irrigation District / MET Conservation Program - Under agreements executed in 1988 and 1989, this program allows MET to fund water efficiency improvements within Imperial Irrigation District's service area in return for the right to divert the water conserved by those investments. An average of 105,000 AFY of water has been conserved since the program's implementation.  Management of MET-Owned Land in Palo Verde - Since 2001, MET has acquired approximately 21,000 acres of irrigable farmland that are leased to growers, with incentives to grow low water-using crops and experiment with low water-consumption practices. MET continues to evaluate opportunities to formally account for verified long-term water savings associated with these lands as part of its Colorado River supply reliability strategy.
 Palo Verde Land Management, Crop Rotation, and Water Supply Program - Authorized in 2004, this 35-year program allows MET to pay participating farmers to reduce their water use, and for MET to receive the saved water. Over the life of the program, an average of 84,500 AFY has been saved and made available to MET.
 Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) and MET Storage and Interstate Release Agreement - Entered in 2004, this agreement allows SNWA to store its unused, conserved water with MET, in exchange for MET to receive additional Colorado River water supply. MET has relied on the additional water during dry years, especially during the 2011-2016 California drought, and SNWA is not expected to call upon MET to return water until after 2026.  Lake Mead Storage Program - Executed in 2006 and subsequently integrated with Lower Basin Drought Contingency Plan (DCP) operations, MET may intentionally leave conserved water in Lake Mead for exclusive future use. MET has significantly expanded its use of intentionally created surplus (ICS) storage in recent years, including record storage creation (450,000 AF) in 2023 under DCP‑related conservation programs.
 Quagga Mussel Control Program - Developed in 2007, this program introduced surveillance activities and control measures to combat quagga mussels, an invasive species that impact the Colorado River's water quality.
 Bard Seasonal Fallowing Program - Authorized in 2019, and subsequently expanded, this program allows MET to pay participating farmers in Bard to reduce their water use between the late spring and summer months of selected year. Under expanded program authorizations through 2026 (Quechan Seasonal Fallowing Program), this program can provide up to approximately 12,000 AFY in certain years.
 Lower Basin Drought Contingency Plan - Signed in 2019, this agreement incentivizes storage in Lake Mead through 2026 and overall, it increases MET's flexibility to fill the CRA as needed (MET, 2025).
 Lower Basin Conservation and System Efficiency Programs - In recent years, MET has participated in new, multi-agency conservation and system efficiency programs implemented between 2023 and 2026. These programs incentivize agricultural conservation, system efficiency improvements, urban conservation, and groundwater storage in the Lower Colorado River Basin, with the goal of reducing 545
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system demands and increasing storage in Lake Mead during critically dry conditions. This includes programs such as the Quechan Diversion Forbearance program.  Exchange Programs - MET is involved in separate exchange programs with the USBR, which takes place at the Colorado River Intake and with San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA), which exchanges conserved Colorado River water.

The Colorado River faces long-term challenges of water demands exceeding available supply with additional uncertainties due to climate change. Climate change impacts expected in the Colorado River Basin include the following:
 More frequent, more intense, and longer lasting droughts, which will result in water deficits.  Continued dryness in the Colorado River Basin, which will increase the likelihood of triggering a first-ever shortage in the Lower Basin.
 Increased temperatures, which will affect the percentage of precipitation that falls as rain or snow, as well as the amount and timing of mountain snowpack (MET, 2025).

Given these uncertainties, MET plans to continue implementing and expanding Colorado River conservation, storage, exchange, and transfer programs, while also supporting increased water recycling and system efficiency improvements within the Colorado River Basin. MET continues to evaluate additional transfer and conservation opportunities to further enhance regional supply reliability through the 2025 UWMP planning horizon.

6.2.3 State Water Project

6.2.3.1 Background
The SWP consists of a series of pump stations, reservoirs, aqueducts, tunnels, and power plants operated by California Department of Water Resources (DWR) and is an integral part of the effort to ensure that business and industry, urban and suburban residents, and farmers throughout much of California have sufficient water. Water from the SWP originates at Lake Oroville, which is located on the Feather River in Northern California. Much of the SWP water supply passes through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta ("Delta"). The SWP is the largest state-built, multipurpose, user-financed water project in the United States. Nearly two-thirds of residents in California receive at least part of their water from the SWP, with approximately 70 percent of SWP's contracted water supply going to urban users and 30 percent to agricultural users. The primary purpose of the SWP is to divert and store water during wet periods in Northern and Central California and distribute it to areas of need in Northern California, the San Francisco Bay area, the San Joaquin Valley, the Central Coast, and Southern California (MET, 2025).

The Delta is key to the SWP's ability to deliver water to its agricultural and urban contractors. All but five of the 29 SWP contractors receive water deliveries below the Delta (pumped via the Harvey O. Banks or Barker Slough pumping plants). However, the Delta faces many challenges concerning its long-term sustainability such as climate change posing a threat of increased variability in floods and droughts. Sea level rise complicates efforts in managing salinity levels and preserving water quality in the Delta to ensure a suitable water supply for urban and agricultural use. Furthermore, other challenges include continued subsidence of Delta islands, many of which are already below sea level, and the related threat of catastrophic levee failure as water pressure increases or following a major seismic event. 546
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In May 2019, DWR withdrew its permit for the two-tunnel WaterFix project in favor of a smaller one-tunnel project alternative. In July 2022, the draft Environmental Impact Report (EIR) for the recommended Delta Conveyance Project alternative was issued, with the project potentially operational by 2045 (Delta Conveyance Design and Construction Authority, 2024), though its implementation faces strong opposition by environmental organizations and other interests in the Delta. The maximum value of the Delta Conveyance Project, when coupled with 250,000 AF of new regional storage, is estimated to be 367,000 AFY for MET, with 63,000 AFY of that amount for Orange County. The Delta Conveyance Project also reduces the probability that any shortage occurs by about 10 percent, meaning a doubling of the time between shortage conditions from once every 5 years to once every decade (MWDOC OC Water Reliability Study, 2023).

6.2.3.2 Current Conditions and Supply
Just like the Colorado River, the amount of water that can be delivered from the SWP to its 29 contractors varies annually based on hydrology and reservoir storage along the SWP. The DWR publishes the maximum entitlement of SWP water for each water contracting agency in "Table A." DWR sets these allocations to balance the needs for human health and safety, agricultural, and municipal water, considering factors like reservoir storage, runoff forecasts, and Endangered Species Act (ESA) requirements. The primary drivers that influence allocations are hydrologic conditions (precipitation and snowmelt) along with storage levels, especially in Lake Oroville. Actual deliveries typically average less than 50 percent of Table A due to hydrologic and regulatory constraints (MET, 2025). MET's actual annual allocations based on springtime Table A values for the past UWMP cycles are summarized in Table 6.3.

Table 6.3 MET SWP Program Capabilities
Year Average Annual Table A Spring Allocation (MAF)
2015 0.38
2020 0.38
2025 0.96
Percent Change(1) +252.6%
Notes:
(1) Percent change is between the years 2020 and 2025.

Source: SWP Allocations 1996-2026.

SWP contractors may additionally receive Article 21 water on a short-term basis in addition to Table A water if requested. Article 21 of SWP contracts allows contractors to receive additional water deliveries only under specific conditions, generally during wet months of the year (December through March).

Because a SWP contractor must have an immediate use for Article 21 supply or a place to store it outside of the SWP, there are few contractors like MET that can access such supplies (MET, 2025).

Carryover water is SWP water allocated to an SWP contractor and approved for delivery to the contractor in a given year but not used by the end of the year. The unused water is stored in the SWP's share of San Luis Reservoir, when space is available, for the contractor to use in the following year (MET, 2025).

Turnback pool water is Table A water that has been allocated to SWP contractors who have exceeded their demands. This water can then be purchased by another contractor depending on its availability (MET, 2025).
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The following factors affect the ability to estimate existing and future water delivery reliability:
 Water availability at the source: Availability can be highly variable and depends on the amount and timing of rain and snow that fall in any given year. Generally, during a single dry year or two, surface and groundwater storage can supply most water deliveries, but multiple dry years can result in critically low water reserves. Fisheries issues can also restrict the operations of the export pumps even when water supplies are available.
 Water rights with priority over the SWP: Water users with prior water rights are assigned higher priority in DWR's modeling of the SWP's water delivery reliability, even ahead of SWP Table A water.  Climate change: Mean temperatures are predicted to vary more significantly than previously expected. This change in climate is anticipated to bring warmer winter storms that result in less snowfall at lower elevations, reducing total snowpack. From historical data, DWR projects that by 2050, the Sierra snowpack will be reduced from its historical average by 25 to 40 percent. Increased precipitation as rain could result in a larger number of "rain-on-snow" events, causing snow to melt earlier in the year and over fewer days than historically, affecting the availability of water for pumping by the SWP during summer. Furthermore, water quality may be adversely affected due to the anticipated increase in wildfires. Rising sea levels may result in potential pumping cutbacks on the SWP and CVP. DWR's recent planning documents and the Draft 2025 DCR describe climate-adjusted "existing conditions" baselines and future scenarios used by agencies for UWMPs.  Regulatory restrictions on SWP Delta exports: The BiOps protect special-status species such as delta smelt and spring- and winter-run Chinook salmon and imposed substantial constraints on Delta water supply operations through requirements for Delta inflow and outflow and export pumping restrictions. Restrictions on SWP operations imposed by state and federal agencies contribute substantially to the challenge of accurately determining the SWP's water delivery reliability in any given year (DWR, 2020b).
 Ongoing environmental and policy planning efforts: Following the 2019 withdrawal of WaterFix, DWR certified the Delta Conveyance Project Final EIR and approved the Bethany alignment in December 2023, a key modernization initiative for the SWP. EcoRestore and related habitat efforts continue to advance.
 Delta levee failure: The levees are vulnerable to failure because most original levees were simply built with soils dredged from nearby channels and were not engineered. A breach of one or more levees and island flooding could affect Delta water quality and SWP operations for several months.

When islands are flooded, DWR may need to drastically decrease or even cease SWP Delta exports to evaluate damage caused by salinity in the Delta.

It can be concluded that the federal regulatory framework affecting the Bay-Delta's ecosystem, species, and water supply are constantly evolving by adapting to new scientific information, changing climate conditions, and legal challenges. This dynamic and complex regulatory landscape, along with hydrologic and storage conditions along the SWP, continues to result in water supply uncertainties that impact all SWP contractors, including MET, MWDOC, and its member agencies (MET, 2025). 548
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6.2.3.3 SWP Programs/Plans
In the past five years, MET has updated and implemented planning, regulatory, infrastructure, and operational programs to improve the reliability of the SWP supplies while addressing environmental, seismic, and climate-related risks in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta and along the California Aqueduct.

Key SWP programs and planning efforts include:
 SWP Biological Opinions and California Incidental Take Permit - Updated federal Biological Opinions and a California ITP issued in 2024 provide a new operating framework intended to improve flexibility and species protection. The 2025 MET UWMP characterizes the net reliability benefit at approximately +60,000 AFY relative to prior permits, subject to hydrologic and regulatory conditions.  Healthy Rivers and Landscapes (HRL) Voluntary Agreements - MET supports the State's proposed Healthy Rivers and Landscapes program, which establishes a voluntary framework for improving Delta ecosystem conditions through coordinated flow contributions and habitat restoration projects. The HRL approach is intended to provide regulatory stability while supporting environmental objectives consistent with SWP operations.

6.2.4 Storage, Transfers, and Conveyance Programs
Storage is a major component of MET's dry year resource management strategy. MET's likelihood of having adequate supply capability to meet projected demands, without implementing its Water Supply Allocation Plan (WSAP) depends on its storage resources. Following a significant drawdown during the 2020–2022 drought, MET rebuilt storage as hydrologic conditions improved. By the end of 2023, MET had approximately 3.4 MAF of regional dry-year storage. Storage increased to 3.8 MAF by the end of 2024, with levels projected to reach approximately 3.9 MAF by the end of 2025. MET also maintains approximately 750 TAF of emergency storage dedicated to catastrophic supply interruption conditions, including a major seismic failure of the Delta levees.

In its 2025 UWMP, MET evaluates storage based on median starting storage at the beginning of each -five-year increment, representing a 50 percent probability that actual storage will be higher or lower. This approach differs from earlier UWMPs, which relied on average storage assumptions, and provides a more conservative and realistic representation of storage availability. All storage capability values incorporate conveyance and recovery constraints associated with SWP terminal reservoirs, the CRA, and MET's in-region and out-of-region groundwater banking programs.

Lake Oroville continues to serve as the SWP's largest storage facility with a capacity of approximately

3.5 MAF. Water released from Oroville moves to the Feather River and then to the Sacramento River before being pumped south at the Harvey O. Banks pumping plant into the California Aqueduct. MET's storage portfolio includes surface reservoirs such as Diamond Valley Lake, Lake Mathews, and Lake Skinner; SWP terminal storage in San Luis Reservoir; groundwater banking programs including Semitropic, Arvin-Edison, the High Desert Water Bank, Kern Delta, and Mojave; and ICS storage in Lake Mead. These storage assets provide operational flexibility during dry years and help maintain supplies during extended droughts or emergency events.
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MET endeavors to increase the reliability of water supplies through the development of flexible storage and transfer programs including groundwater storage (MET, 2025). These include:
 Antelope Valley-East Kern (AVEK) Water Agency Exchange and Storage Program: Under the exchange program, for every 2 AF MET receives, MET returns 1 AF back to AVEK, and MET will also be able to store up to 30,000 AF in the AVEK's groundwater basin, with a dry-year return capability of 10,000 AF.
 Arvin-Edison Storage Program: The storage program is estimated to deliver 75,000 AF, and the specific amount of water MET can expect to store in and subsequently receive from the program depends on hydrologic conditions and any regulatory requirements restricting MET's ability to export water for storage. During wet years, MET has the discretion to use to program to store portions of its SWP supplies which are in excess, and during dry years, the Arvin-Edison Water Storage District returns MET's previously stored water to MET by direct groundwater pump-in or by exchange of surface water supplies.
 Diamond Valley Lake to Rialto Pipeline: Planned for completion in 2028, this project creates new conveyance that improves the ability to move non-SWP supplies (120 cubic feet per second (cfs), including CRA and banked water) into areas historically dependent on SWP deliveries, increasing drought and seismic resilience.
 High Desert Water Bank Program: Developed in partnership with AVEK, this regional groundwater banking program allows MET to store up to 280,000 AF of SWP Table A or other available supplies in the Antelope Valley groundwater basin. The program provides a put-and-take capability of up to approximately 70,000 AFY, with infrastructure including monitoring and production wells, California Aqueduct turnouts, pipelines, recharge basins, and pump facilities. Phase 1 became operational in 2023, with full build-out expected by approximately 2030.  Kern-Delta Water District Storage Program: This groundwater storage program has 250,000 AF of storage capacity, and water for storage can either be directly recharged into the groundwater basin or delivered to Kern-Delta Water District farmers in lieu of pumping groundwater. During dry years, the Kern-Delta Water District returns MET's previously stored water to MET by direct groundwater pump-in return or by exchange of surface water supplies.  Mojave Storage Program: MET entered into a groundwater banking and exchange transfer agreement with Mojave Water Agency that allows for the cumulative storage of up to 390,000 AF. The agreement allows for MET to store water in an exchange account for later return.  Richvale & Western Canal Water Transfers: These multi-year transfer options will provide supplemental dry-year supplies when available, with volumes up to approximately 54,000 AF (2025-2027).
 San Bernardino Valley MWD Surplus SWP Program: Programmatic access to surplus SWP supplies (approximately 13 TAF) will be available from SBVMWD under certain hydrologic and operational conditions.
 Semitropic Storage Program: The maximum storage capacity of the program is 350,000 AF, and the minimum and maximum annual yields available to MET are 34,700 AF and 236,200 AF, respectively.

The specific amount of water MET can expect to store in and subsequently receive from the program depends on hydrologic conditions, any regulatory requirements restricting MET's ability to export water for storage and demands placed by other program participants. During wet years, MET has the 550
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discretion to use the program to store portions of its SWP supplies which are in excess, and during dry years, the Semitropic Water Storage District returns MET's previously stored water to MET by direct groundwater pump-in or by exchange of surface water supplies.  Sepulveda Feeder Pump Stations (Stage 1): This program includes pumping improvements that expand westward movement of CRA/SWP/banked supplies across service areas to address localized system constraints. Pumping capacity is expected to be 30 cfs upon completion of Stage 1 in 2027.  Yuba Accord Extension: This project is a continuation of an established dry-year transfer program from the Yuba watershed that can be accessed subject to hydrologic and regulatory conditions. As of 2025, the extension is under negotiation for approximately 250,000 AFY in supply.

6.2.5 Potential Future Water Projects

6.2.5.1 Climate Adaptation Master Plan for Water
In February 2023, the MET's Board directed its staff to integrate water resources planning, climate resilience planning, and financial planning into a Climate Adaptation Master Plan for Water (CAMP4W).

Then a Joint Task Force of Board Members and Member Agency Managers was convened to facilitate the development of CAMP4W in a timely and transparent process. The main elements of CAMP4W include:

1. Identify climate and growth scenarios, building from analyses conducted for MET's Integrated Resources Plan (IRP).

2. Develop time-bound targets for new regional water supplies and system improvements.

3. Establish a framework for decision-making and annual reporting.

4. Form policies, initiatives, and partnerships.

5. Evaluate business models and funding strategies.

Because investments required for regional supply reliability and system resilience are significant, it is important that decisions are made through an adaptive management process to avoid the risks associated with over-investment or under-performance. Tracking signposts and progress towards time-bound targets is therefore critical for CAMP4's annual reporting. Currently, regional projects being explored by MET include Pure Water Southern California, new reservoir storage in Southern California of up to 155,000 AFY, regional seawater desalination, and participation in California's Delta Conveyance Project.

These projects will be scored against the following CAMP4W criteria: (1) reliability; (2) resilience; (3) financial; (4) adaptability/flexibility; (5) equity; and (6) environmental co-benefits.

Pure Water Southern California - The potential Pure Water Southern California program, a partnership with the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County, would purify wastewater treatment effluent that currently flows to the ocean to produce high quality recycled water. The purified water would be delivered to Metropolitan's member agencies to meet their groundwater replenishment and storage requirements.

It should be noted that the 2025 MET UWMP does not include Pure Water yield in projected supplies (MET, 2025).

Sites Reservoir - This potential project includes a water storage reservoir of 1.5 MAF and would require the construction of two large dams up to 310 feet high and 9 smaller saddle dams. The water stored in the reservoir, located north of Sacramento, would be diverted from the Sacramento River during high flow events and returned to the Sacramento River during dry and critical years, thereby providing additional 551
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dry-year water for environmental flows and project partners including SWP agencies south of the Delta.

The current operations model estimates the annual water yield of the Sites Reservoir Project at approximately 270,000 AFY by 2032, when the Sites Reservoir Project is scheduled to be operational (MET, 2025). It should be noted that the 2025 MET UWMP does not include Sites Reservoir in projected supplies (MET, 2025).

Delta Conveyance Project - Following DWR's withdrawal and subsequent termination of the California WaterFix project, the State advanced a new single-tunnel Delta Conveyance Project to address seismic risk, sea-level rise, extreme weather, and regulatory uncertainty while improving long-term SWP delivery reliability. The environmental review was completed in 2023 and DWR has approved the project. Potential yield used in planning analyses is on the order of approximately 400,000 AFY. It should be noted that the 2025 MET UWMP does not include Delta Conveyance Project yield in projected supplies pending future milestones and contracting decisions (MET, 2025).

6.2.6 Supply Reliability Within MET
MET's 2025 UWMP reports on its water reliability and identifies projected supplies to meet the long-term demand within its service area. The MET 2025 UWMP discusses the current water supply conditions and long-term plans for supply implementation and continued development of a diversified resource mix. It describes the programs being implemented, such as the CRA, SWP, Central Valley storage/transfer programs, water use efficiency programs, local resource projects, and in-region storage that will enable the region to meet its water supply needs. MET's 2025 UWMP also presents MET's supply capacities from 2025 through 2050 for average year, single dry year, five consecutive dry years, and more frequent and severe droughts, as specified in the UWMP Act.

Information concerning MET's UWMP, including the background, associated challenges, and long-term development of programs for each of MET's supply sources and capacities have been summarized and included in the following subsections. Additional information on MET can be found directly in MET's 2025 UWMP.

6.2.6.1 MET's Water Service Reliability Assessment Results In MET's 2025 UWMP, MET evaluated supply reliability by projecting supply and demand under a normal year, single-dry year, and five-year consecutive dry years, based on conditions affecting the SWP (MET's largest and most variable supply). For this supply source, the average of 100 historical years 1922-2021 most closely represents water supply conditions in a normal water year, the single driest year was 1977 and the five-year dry period was 1988-1992. The analyses also include Colorado River supplies under the same hydrological variations.

MET also incorporated the SWP and Colorado River's reliability factors, such as water quality objectives set by the SWRCB, BiOps, and amendments to the Coordinated Operations Agreement for the SWP and Quantification Settlement Agreements for the Colorado River into their assessment.

MET has concluded that the region can provide reliable water supplies under normal, single-dry, and five-year consecutive dry conditions as presented in Table 6.4, Table 6.5, and Table 6.6, respectively. 552
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In each of the following tables, "Current Programs" supplies include:
 In-Region Supplies and Programs:
» Metropolitan Surface Storage (Diamond Valley Lake, Lake Mathews, Lake Skinner). » Flexible Storage in Castaic Lake and Perris Lake.
» Groundwater Storage for Conjunctive Use.
 California Aqueduct (SWP), including Central Valley transfers and storage program supplies conveyed by the aqueduct.
 Colorado River Aqueduct, including deliveries, programs, and exchanges with SDCWA.

These supplies are impacted—typically reduced—by the single dry year and multiple dry year scenarios.

Though demands increase in these drought conditions, MET projects reliable supply, even surplus, through 2050. MWDOC is a MET member agency, and MET's projections take into account the imported demands from Orange County. As such, MET's water reliability assessments are used to determine that demands within MWDOC can be met for all three hydrological conditions. 553
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Table 6.4 MET's Projected Supply Capability and Demands through 2050 for a Normal Year

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Table 6.5 MET's Projected Supply Capability and Demands through 2050 for a Single Dry Year

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Table 6.6 MET's Projected Supply Capability and Demands through 2050 for a Drought (5 Consecutive Water Years)

6.2.6.2 MET's Drought Risk Assessment Results
For its Drought Risk Assessment (DRA), MET assessed the reliability of each individual water supply source over the five-consecutive-year drought through a modeling method using the same historical hydrologic conditions as the water service reliability assessment: 1922 to 2021. MET used the five consecutive years of 1988 to 1992 to complete its DRA, because this represents the driest five-consecutive year historical sequence for MET's supply. The results, shown in Table 6.7, indicate that MET's SWP and CRA supplies alone cannot meet demands during this five‑year drought period without additional actions. MET's 2025 UWMP therefore identifies Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) actions as necessary tools to close 556
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the deficit and maintain service through the modeled drought sequence. Supply augmentation is anticipated to provide the additional water needed to meet projected demands without requiring demand reduction actions. Supply augmentation actions are comprised of MET's portfolio of water storage reserves and flexible supply sources that are available on an as-needed basis, such as water from its storage facilities and from transfer and exchange programs. Therefore, MET's water supply from the SWP and CRA combined with supply augmentation strategies can reliably meet the demands of a five-year drought from FY 2025-26 through FY 2029-30 (Table 6.7).

Table 6.7 MET's Water Use, Supply, and Drought Risk Assessment for 2026-2030

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6.3 Local Groundwater
Among all local supplies available to the City's service area, groundwater supplies make up the majority, with the primary supply from the OC Basin. The water supply resources within the City's service area are enhanced by the existence of groundwater basins, which provide a reliable local source and, additionally, are used as reservoirs to store water during wet years and draw from storage during dry years. Table 6.8 shows a breakdown of historical groundwater production by the City.

This section describes the groundwater basin(s) used by the City and provides a 25-year projection of the service area's groundwater supply.

Table 6.8 Submittal Table 6-1 Retail: Groundwater Pumped in the Past 5 Years Within the City's Service Area (AF) Submittal Table 6-1 Retail: Groundwater Volume Pumped
Water Code Section 10631(4) and 10631(4)(c)
Groundwater Type Location or Basin Name 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Alluvial Basin Orange County Groundwater Basin 20,963 14,137 18,341 19,934 19,737 Total 20,963 14,137 18,341 19,934 19,737
NOTES: Source - City of Orange Water Production Summary

6.3.1 Orange County Groundwater Basin
This section describes the OC Basin and the management measures taken by OCWD, the basin manager and member agency of MWDOC, to optimize local supply and minimize overdraft.

The OCWD was formed in 1933 by a special legislative act of the California State Legislature to protect and manage the County's vast, natural, groundwater supply using the best available technology and defend its water rights to the OC Basin. This legislation is found in the State of California Statutes, Water – Uncodified Acts, Act 5683, as amended. The OC Basin is managed by OCWD under the Act, which functions as a statutorily-imposed physical solution. The OCWD Management Area includes approximately 89 percent of the land area of the OC Basin, and 98 percent of all groundwater production occurs within the area. Approximately 2.5 million residents live within OCWD's boundaries and rely upon the basin for their primary water supply. OCWD manages water resource monitoring programs, land use elements related to basin management, groundwater elevation, groundwater quality, and coastal area monitoring through a number of monitoring programs. OCWD monitors the basin by collecting groundwater elevation and quality data from approximately 400 District-owned wells and manages an electronic database that stores water elevation, water quality, production, recharge, and other data on over 2,000 wells and facilities within and outside OCWD boundaries (OCWD, 2023). For detailed monitoring programs and management information, refer to the 2017 Basin 8-1 Alternative (Appendix D).

Groundwater levels are managed within a safe basin operating range to protect the long-term sustainability of the OC Basin and to protect against land subsidence. OCWD, a member of agency of MWDOC, purchases untreated water from MET for basin recharge, as needed. In addition, OCWD regulates groundwater levels in the OC Basin by regulating the annual amount of pumping and setting the Basin Production Percentage (BPP) for the water year. As defined in the District Act, the BPP is the ratio of water produced from groundwater supplies within the OCWD service area to all water produced 558
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within the area from both supplemental sources and groundwater within the OCWD (OCWD, 2020a).

More information regarding the BPP is discussed in Section 6.3.1.2.

6.3.1.1 Basin Characteristics
The OC Basin underlies the northern half of Orange County beneath broad lowlands. The OC Basin, managed by OCWD, covers an area of approximately 350 square miles, bordered by the Coyote and Chino Hills to the north, the Santa Ana Mountains to the northeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. The OC Basin boundary extends to the Orange County-Los Angeles Line to the northwest, where groundwater flows across the county line into the Central Groundwater Basin of Los Angeles County. A map of the OC Basin is shown on Figure 6.4. The total thickness of sedimentary rocks in the OC Basin is over 20,000 feet, with only the upper 2,000 to 4,000 feet containing fresh water. The OC Basin's estimated full storage volume is approximately 66 MAF.

There are three major aquifer systems that have been subdivided by OCWD, the Shallow Aquifer System, the Principal Aquifer System, and the Deep Aquifer System. These three aquifer systems are hydraulically connected as groundwater can flow between each other through intervening aquitards or discontinuities in the aquitards. The Shallow Aquifer system occurs from the surface to approximately 250 feet below ground surface. Most of the groundwater from this aquifer system is pumped by small water systems for industrial and agricultural use. The Principal Aquifer system occurs at depths between 200 and 1,300 feet below ground surface. Over 90 percent of groundwater production is from wells that are screened within the Principal Aquifer system. Only a minor amount of groundwater is pumped from the Deep Aquifer system, which underlies the Principal Aquifer system and is up to 2,000 feet deep in the center of the OC Basin.
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Figure 6.4 Map of the OC Basin (OCWD, 2022)
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6.3.1.2 Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
In 2014, the State of California adopted the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) to promote sustainable groundwater management and limit "undesirable results", including significant groundwater-level declines, land subsidence, and water quality degradation. SGMA requires all high- and medium-priority basins, as designated by DWR, to be sustainably managed. DWR designated the Coastal Plain of the OC Basin (Basin 8-1) as a medium-priority basin, primarily due to heavy reliance groundwater as a water supply source.

Compliance with SGMA can be achieved in one of the following two ways (OCWD, 2023):

1. Formation of a Groundwater Sustainability Agency (GSA) and adoption of a Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP).

2. Preparation and submittal of an Alternative to a GSP by eligible agencies, including special act districts such as OCWD.

Agencies within Basin 8-1, including OCWD, the City of La Habra, and the Irvine Ranch Water District (IRWD), collaborated to submit the original Alternative to a GSP in 2017, titled the "Basin 8-1 Alternative" to demonstrate compliance with SGMA . Under SGMA, alternatives and GSPs must be updated and submitted every 5-years. OCWD prepared its first periodic update in 2022.

For the remainder of this report, when the term "OC Basin" is used, it refers to the portion of Basin 8-1 that is within OCWD's service area (see Figure 6.5).

Figure 6.5 Basin 8-1 Management Areas (OCWD, 2023)
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6.3.1.3 Basin Production Percentage
Background
The OC Basin is not adjudicated; therefore, groundwater production is managed through a framework that uses financial incentives to encourage sustainable pumping. The framework is based on the BPP, which represents the percentage of each Producer's total water supply that comes from groundwater pumped from the OC Basin. Groundwater production at or below the BPP is assessed by the Replenishment Assessment (RA). While there is no legal limit as to how much an agency pumps from the OC Basin, there is a financial impact to pump above the BPP. The BPP is set uniformly for all Producers by OCWD on an annual basis. Agencies that pump above the BPP are charged the RA plus the Basin Equity Assessment (BEA). The BEA is calculated so that the cost of groundwater production above the BPP is equivalent to the cost of importing potable water supplies. This approach ensures there is no financial advantage for production above the BPP. The BEA can be increased to discourage production above the BPP if necessary.

The BPP is set annually by OCWD based on groundwater conditions, availability of imported water supplies, and OC Basin management objectives. The supplies available for recharge must be estimated for a given year. The estimated supplies of recharge water include: (1) stormflow from the Santa Ana River and Santiago Creek; (2) natural incidental recharge; (3) Santa Ana River baseflow; (4) GWRS supplies; and (5) other supplies such as imported water and recycled water purchased for the Alamitos Barrier.

The BPP is a major factor in determining the cost of groundwater production from the OC Basin. For the 2026–27 water year, OCWD maintained a BPP of 85 percent. Under normal hydrologic conditions, groundwater production could reach approximately 315,000 AFY. However, actual production in FY 2026-27 is expected to be approximately 299,000 AFY due to PFAS-related impacts that continue to limit groundwater availability among several producers.

BPP Adjustments for Basin Management
OCWD has established management guidelines that are used to establish future BPPs, as seen in Table 6.9. Raising or lowering the BPP allows OCWD to manage the amount of pumping from the basin.

OCWD has a policy to manage the groundwater basin within a sustainable range to avoid adverse impacts to the basin. OCWD seeks to maintain some available storage space in the basin to maximize surface water recharge when such supplies are available, especially in relatively wet years. By keeping the basin relatively full during wet years, and for as long as possible in years with near-normal recharge, the maximum amount of groundwater could be maintained in storage to support pumping in future drought conditions. During dry hydrologic years, when less water is available for recharge, the BPP could be lowered to maintain groundwater storage levels. A component of OCWD's BPP policy is to manage the groundwater basin so that the BPP will not fluctuate more than 5 percent from year to year.

The OCWD's GWRS came online in 2008 with a capacity of approximately 70 million gallons per day (mgd) and was expanded to 100 mgd in 2015. In 2023, it was expanded again to a final capacity of 130 mgd. The GWRS provides a resilient local water supply that recharges the OC Basin with advanced treated wastewater. The additional yield supported OCWD's move to raise the BPP from the long-standing ~77 percent level prior to 2023 to 85 percent beginning in February 2023. Monthly water-resources reports show agencies achieving 86 percent-88 percent pumping shares after the final expansion in 562
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late-2024 to early-2025, which reflects increased reliance on local groundwater supplies enabled by GWRS production along with the reduced water demands of approximately 400,000 AFY.

Modeling and forecasts generate estimates based on historical averages. Consequently, forecasts use average hydrologic conditions, which smooth the dynamic and unpredictable local hydrology. Variations in local hydrology are the most significant impact to supplies of water available to recharge the groundwater basin. The current BPP of 85 percent is based on modeling of average annual rainfall weather patterns and estimated groundwater recharge volumes. If OCWD were to experience a relatively dry period, the BPP could be reduced to maintain water storage levels, along with other management actions shown in Table 6.9.

Table 6.9 Management Actions Based on Changes in Groundwater Storage Available Storage Space(1) Basin Management Action to Consider Less than 100,000 AF Raise BPP
100,000 to 300,000 AF Maintain and/or raise BPP towards 85% goal 300,000 to 350,000 AF Seek additional supplies to refill basin and/or lower the BPP Greater than 350,000 AF Seek additional supplies to refill basin and lower the BPP Notes:
(1) Amount below full basin condition.

Basin Equity Assessment Exemptions
In some cases, OCWD encourages treating and pumping groundwater that does not meet drinking water standards to protect water quality. This is achieved by using a financial incentive called the BEA Exemption. A BEA Exemption is used to promote beneficial uses of poor-quality groundwater and reduce or prevent the spread of poor-quality groundwater into non-degraded aquifer zones. OCWD uses a partial or total exemption of the BEA to compensate a qualified participating agency or Producer for the costs of treating poor quality groundwater, which typically include capital, interest and operations and maintenance costs for treatment facilities (City of La Habra et al., 2017). Similarly, for proactive water quality management, OCWD occasionally exempts a portion of the BEA for their Coastal Pumping Transfer Program (CPTP). The CPTP encourages inland groundwater producers to increase pumping and coastal producers to decrease pumping to reduce the groundwater basin drawdown at the coast and protect against seawater intrusion. Inland pumpers can pump above the BPP without having to pay the full BEA for the amount pumped above the BPP (OCWD, 2015). Coastal pumpers receive BEA revenue from OCWD to assist in offsetting their additional water supply cost from taking less groundwater.

OCWD Resilience Plan
To address evolving conditions within OCWD's service area, it is important to anticipate potential challenges and proactively plan for strategies that sustain and enhance water supply reliability, water quality, and overall system resilience. The OCWD Resilience Plan is an adaptive management plan that evaluates future water demands and available supplies, while also identifying potential projects and response strategies to address risks to key District assets, including the groundwater basin, Santa Ana River, groundwater replenishment facilities, and natural resources. 563
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The plan builds on OCWD's historical planning efforts and provides a flexible, project-based framework to maintain sustainable basin conditions and strengthen the long-term resilience of the District's water resources over a 5- to 25-year planning horizon.

The Resilience Plan also supports evaluation of future water supply projects, recharge strategies, and operational improvements to guide management of the OC Basin under changing hydrologic, regulatory, and demand conditions.

The Basin 8-1 Alternative submitted to DWR in 2017 showed that Basin 8-1 had been sustainably managed for the prior 10 years, which was a SGMA requirement. Based on avoiding undesirable results as defined in SGMA, the OC Basin has been sustainably managed since the construction of the Talbert Seawater Intrusion Barrier in the mid-1970s. Required annual reports and periodic updates submitted to DWR show that Basin 8-1 continues to be sustainably managed.

Current water demand projections show a relatively slow increase over the 25-year planning horizon, which is generally of similar magnitude as the additional production from the GWRS since its final expansion in early 2023 to 130 mgd. This locally controlled, drought proof supply of water reduces the region's dependance on imported water.

Historically, the Santa Ana River has served as the primary source of water to recharge the OC Basin. To determine the availability of future Santa Ana River flows, OCWD utilized surface water flow modeling of the upper watershed. Modeling was developed to predict the impacts future stormwater capture and wastewater recycling projects in the upper watershed would have on future Santa Ana River flow rates at Prado Dam. Santa Ana River base flows are expected to decrease as more water recycling projects are built in the upper watershed. OCWD continues to work closely with the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to temporarily impound and slowly release up to approximately 20,000 AF of stormwater in the Prado Dam Conservation Pool. The amount of water that can be temporarily impounded in the conservation pool has grown over time and in 2025, it was increased to over 25,000 AF. To some extent, the losses in baseflow are partially offset through the capture of additional stormwater held in the Prado Dam Conservation Pool. When available, OCWD will continue to augment groundwater recharge through the purchase of imported water through MET. OCWD will diligently monitor and evaluate future water supply projects to sustainably manage and protect the OC Basin for future generations.

OCWD Engineer's Report
The OCWD Engineer's Report documents groundwater conditions and evaluates water supply and basin utilization within OCWD's service area. The most recent report is the 2024–25 Engineer's Report filed in March 2026. As reported, the basin production percentage (BPP) for the 2024–25 water year was maintained at 85 percent by the OCWD Board of Directors. The overall BPP achieved within OCWD for non‑irrigation use was 83.8 percent, with the reduced achievement attributed primarily to PFAS‑related well shutdowns. Groundwater stored in the OC Basin decreased by 50,000 AF for the 2024–25 water year, and the annual overdraft was 165,300 AF, which reflects the amount by which natural replenishment was exceeded. The decrease in storage was reflected by a relatively dry year and the total groundwater recharge was 252,214 AF, which included contributions from supplemental water recharged by the GWRS. 564
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For the 2026–27 water year, OCWD is proposing to maintain a BPP of 85 percent. Under normal hydrologic conditions, groundwater production could reach approximately 315,000 AF; however, OCWD anticipates groundwater production during 2026–27 will be approximately 299,000 AF due to PFAS-related impacts that continue to limit groundwater availability among several producers.

It is estimated that approximately 13,500 AF of additional production above the BPP will be undertaken by the City of Tustin, City of Huntington Beach, Mesa Water District, and Irvine Ranch Water District to support groundwater quality improvement projects. As in prior years, groundwater produced above the BPP for these water‑quality projects will be partially or fully exempt from the Basin Equity Assessment (BEA) due to the basin‑wide benefit of pumping and treating poor‑quality groundwater.

During the 2024–25 water year and current 2025-26 water year, MET untreated full‑service water supplies were available for groundwater replenishment; however, OCWD did not purchase replenishment water due to favorable basin storage conditions. OCWD likewise does not plan to purchase untreated full‑service water for replenishment in 2026–27.

6.3.1.4 Recharge Management
Recharging water into the OC Basin through natural and artificial means is essential to support pumping from the OC Basin. Active recharge of groundwater began in 1936, in response to increasing drawdown of the OC Basin and, consequently, the threat of seawater intrusion. The OC Basin's primary source of recharge is supplied from the Santa Ana River, which is diverted into recharge basins and its main Orange County tributary, Santiago Creek. Other sources of recharge water include natural infiltration, recycled water, and imported water. Natural recharge consists of subsurface inflow from local hills and mountains, infiltration of precipitation and irrigation water, recharge in small flood control channels, and groundwater underflow to and from Los Angeles County and the ocean.

Recycled water for OC Basin recharge is from two sources. The main source is the Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS), which completed its final expansion in 2023 and now produces up to 130 mgd of advanced‑purified water for recharge at the Talbert Seawater Barrier and in the Kraemer, Miller, Miraloma, and La Palma basins. The second source is recycled water purified at the Water Replenishment District of Southern California's (WRD) Leo J. Vander Lans Advanced Water Treatment Facility (LVL), which provides up to 8 mgd for injection at the Alamitos Seawater Barrier (owned and operated by the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works). In recent years, WRD's upgrades and operations have increased the use of recycled water at the Alamitos Barrier and reduced reliance on imported supplies. Injection of recycled water into these barriers is an ongoing effort by OCWD (in coordination with WRD and Los Angeles County) to control seawater intrusion into the OC Basin; operation of the injection wells forms a hydraulic barrier to seawater intrusion.

OCWD also purchases imported water for recharge through MWDOC. Untreated imported water can be used to recharge the OC Basin through the surface recharge system at multiple locations, such as Anaheim Lake, the Santa Ana River, Irvine Lake, and San Antonio Creek, while treated imported water may be used for in‑lieu recharge when appropriate. For current planning context and detailed recharge management strategies, refer to OCWD's most recent planning documents, including the 2024 OCWD Resilience Plan, in addition to prior foundational documents (Appendix E). 565
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6.3.1.5 MET Imported Water for Groundwater Replenishment In the past, OCWD, MWDOC, and MET have coordinated water management to increase storage in the OC Basin when imported supplies are available for this purpose. MET's groundwater replenishment program was discontinued on January 1, 2013, and currently MET via MWDOC sells replenishment water to OCWD at the full-service untreated MET rate. Figure 6.6 shows MWDOC's imported water sales to OCWD since FY 1990-91, which averages approximately 27,888 AF per year. In three of the past five water years, OCWD did not need to purchase more imported water to replenish groundwater.

Figure 6.6 MWDOC Imported Water Sales for Groundwater Replenishment

6.3.2 Planned Future Groundwater Sources
The City is constructing two new wells, Well 28 and Well 29, to increase local water supply and ensure local groundwater and continued drinking water safety. These well construction projects are further described in Section 6.9.

On a regional scale, OCWD regularly evaluates potential projects and conducts studies to review the feasibility of new projects or sources. Groundwater basin-related projects that are planned or in progress are described below:

Forecast Informed Reservoir Operations (FIRO) at Prado Dam: Stormwater represents a significant source of water used by OCWD to recharge the OC Basin. Much of this recharge is made possible by the capture of Santa Ana River stormflows behind Prado Dam in the Conservation Pool. FIRO represents the next generation of operating water reservoirs using the best available technology. Advances in weather and stormwater runoff forecasting hold promise to allow USACE to safely impound more stormwater 566
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while maintaining equivalent flood risk management capability behind Prado Dam. Analyses indicate that FIRO would increase average annual recharge by approximately 4,000–6,000 AFY, and up to 23,000 AF in very wet years, consistent with earlier preliminary analyses. Federal and local partners have indicated FIRO at Prado Dam is moving from technical assessment toward implementation via Water Control Manual (WCM) updates.

6.4 Surface Water

6.4.1 Existing Surface Water Sources
The City purchases local water from Serrano Water District. The source of local water is the Irvine Lake. In FY 2024-25, the City used 738 AFY of surface water to supplement its supply portfolio and it is projected that 1,200 AFY of supply will be available through 2050.

With a capacity of nearly 28,000 AF, Santiago Reservoir, or Irvine Lake, is the largest surface water reservoir in Orange County. Irvine Lake was built in 1931 and captures runoff from the upper Santiago Creek Watershed, as well as stores imported water (Orange County Local Agency Formation Commission, [2020]). The 700-acre Irvine Lake is co-owned by IRWD and Serrano Water District (Serrano). The lake holds more than 9 billion gallons of water and is contained by the 810-foot-tall Santiago Dam. IRWD uses water from Irvine Lake as a source of water for non-drinking purposes such as irrigation and as a source of water for the Baker Treatment Plant. Serrano Water District (SWD) also uses Irvine Lake to provide treated drinking water to its customers in the City of Villa Park and parts of the City of Orange. Both agencies balance the benefits of storing water in Irvine Lake by minimizing evaporation and preserving the ability to capture rainwater from the surrounding hills. During years with less rainfall, IRWD and Serrano also add imported water from MET to the lake (IRWD, 2021a). Planned Future Surface Water Sources As of 2025, there are no planned surface water uses in the City's service area.

6.5 Stormwater

6.5.1 Existing Stormwater Sources
There are, currently, no direct stormwater uses in the City's Service area.

6.5.2 Planned Future Stormwater Sources
As of 2025, there are no planned stormwater uses in the City's service area.

6.6 Wastewater and Recycled Water
The City is directly involved in wastewater services through its ownership and operation of the wastewater collection system in its service area. However, the City does not own or operate wastewater treatment facilities. The sewer system service area includes approximately 308 miles of sewer main that connect to OC San's trunk system to convey wastewater to OC San's treatment plants. The wastewater system serves about 136,000 customers (City of Orange's Sewer Master Plan, 2012). For additional details on the City's wastewater services, refer to the 2012 City of Orange Sewer Master Plan. 567
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Recycled water is wastewater that is treated through primary, secondary, and tertiary processes and is acceptable for most non-potable water purposes such as irrigation, and commercial and industrial process water per Title 22 requirements. Recycled water opportunities have continued to grow in Southern California as public acceptance and the need to expand local water resources continues to be a priority.

Recycled water also provides a degree of flexibility and added reliability during drought conditions when imported water supplies are restricted. The City is indirectly involved in recycled water production, through its supply of wastewater for IPR. The following sections expand on the existing agency collaboration involved in these efforts as well as the City's projected recycled water use over the next 25 years.

6.6.1 Agency Coordination
The City does not own or operate wastewater treatment facilities and sends all collected wastewater to OC San for treatment and disposal. OC San provides treated water to OCWD, the manager of the OC Basin. OCWD is the manager of the Orange County Groundwater Basin and strives to maintain and increase the reliability of the Orange County Groundwater Basin through replenishment with imported water, stormwater, and advanced treated wastewater. A full description of the Orange County Groundwater Basin is available in Section 6.3.1. OCWD and OC San have jointly constructed and expanded two water recycling projects to meet this goal that include: (1) OCWD Green Acres Project (GAP); and (2) OCWD GWRS.

6.6.1.1 Orange County Sanitation District
OC San collects wastewater from residential, commercial, and industrial customers in 20 cities, four special districts, and portions of unincorporated Orange County, totaling 479 square miles that serves more than

2.6 million residents in northwest and central Orange County (OC San, 2025). These flows include dry weather urban runoff collected from 15 diversion points and discharged into the sewer system for treatment and Santa Ana River Interceptor flows from the upper Santa Ana watershed (OC San, 2017).

OC San operates and maintains two treatment plants: Reclamation Plant No. 1, located in Fountain Valley with a capacity of 320 mgd, and Reclamation Plant No. 2 located in Huntington Beach with a capacity of 312 mgd. OC San also operates 572 miles of collection system pipelines along with 15 offsite pump stations. Approximately 150 mgd of secondary effluent undergoes advanced treatment at the GWRS facility operated by the OCWD and 7 mgd undergoes tertiary treatment at OCWD's GAP facility. Treated wastewater is discharged to the Pacific Ocean via an ocean outfall in compliance with state and federal requirements as set forth in OC San's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit.

OC San's ocean outfall is
120-inch diameter and extends four miles off the coast of Huntington Beach. A 78-inch diameter emergency outfall also exists that extends 1.3 miles off the coast (OC San, 2017).

OC San Reclamation Plant No. 1: Reclamation Plant No. 1 treats raw wastewater and has a maximum treatment capacity of 320 mgd. The plant provides primary and secondary treatment and supplies secondary effluent to OCWD for further tertiary treatment at their GAP facility and advanced treatment at their GWRS. Reclamation Plant No. 1 is the only plant that provides water to OCWD for additional treatment and recycling. An interplant pipeline allows flows to be conveyed to Treatment Plant No. 2. 568
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OC San Treatment Plant No. 2: Treatment Plant No. 2 provides primary and secondary treatment to raw wastewater and has a maximum treatment capacity of 312 mgd. All secondary effluent from their plant is discharged to the ocean through the ocean outfall.

6.6.1.2 Orange County Water District
OCWD is the manager of the OC Basin and provides water to 19 municipal water agencies and special districts. A full description of the OC Basin is available in Section 6.3.1. OCWD and OC San have jointly constructed and expanded two water recycling projects that include: 1) OCWD GAP and 2) OCWD GWRS.

OCWD GAP
OCWD owns and operates the GAP, a water recycling system that treats up to 7.5 mgd and provides 8,400 AFY of recycled water for irrigation and industrial uses. GAP provides an alternate source of water that is mainly delivered to parks, golf courses, greenbelts, cemeteries, and nurseries in the cities of Costa Mesa, Fountain Valley, Newport Beach, and Santa Ana. Approximately 100 customer sites use GAP water, current recycled water users include Mile Square Park and Golf Courses in Fountain Valley, Costa Mesa Country Club, Chroma Systems carpet dyeing, Kaiser Permanente, and Caltrans.

OCWD GWRS
OCWD's GWRS allows southern California to decrease its dependency on imported water and creates a local and reliable source of water. OCWD's GWRS purifies secondary treated wastewater from OC San to levels that meet and exceed all state and federal drinking water standards. The GWRS Phase 1 plant has been operational since January 2008 and uses a three-step advanced treatment process consisting of MF, RO, and ultraviolet (UV) light with hydrogen peroxide. A portion of the treated water is injected into the seawater barrier to prevent seawater intrusion into the groundwater basin. The other portion of the water is pumped to ponds where the water percolates into deep aquifers and becomes part of Orange County's water supply. The treatment process is described on OCWD's website. (OCWD, GWRS, 2020).

The GWRS first began operating in 2008 producing 70 million gallons of water per day and in 2015, it underwent a 30 mgd expansion. Approximately 39,200 AFY of the highly purified water is pumped into the injection wells and 72,900 AFY is pumped to the percolation ponds in the City of Anaheim where the water is naturally filtered through sand and gravel to deep aquifers of the groundwater basin. The OC Basin provides approximately 77 percent of the potable water supply for north and central Orange County. The design and construction of the first phase (78,500 AFY) of the GWRS project was jointly funded by OCWD and OC San; Phase 2 expansion (33,600 AFY) was funded solely by OCWD.

The Final Expansion of the GWRS is the third and final phase of the project and was completed in 2023.

The plant now produces 130 mgd and requires additional treated wastewater from OC San. This additional water comes from OC San's Treatment Plant 2, which is in the City of Huntington Beach approximately 3.5 miles south of the GWRS. The Final Expansion project included expanding the existing GWRS treatment facilities, constructing new conveyance facilities at OC San Plant 2, and rehabilitating an existing pipeline between OC San Plant 2 and the GWRS. Following completion, the GWRS plant now recycles 100 percent of OC San's reclaimable sources and produces enough water to meet the needs of over one million people.
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6.6.2 Wastewater
The City operates and maintains 308 miles of local sewer collection pipes that feed into the OC San's trunk sewer system to OC San's extensive system of gravity flow sewers, pump stations, and pressurized sewers. Ultimately, the wastewater is treated at OC San treatment plants in Fountain Valley (Plant No. 1) and Huntington Beach (Plant No. 2). Plant No. 1 has a total rated primary capacity of 108 mgd and a secondary treatment capacity of 80 mgd. Plant No. 2 has a rated primary capacity of 168 mgd and secondary treatment capacity of 90 mgd. Both plants share a common ocean outfall, but Plant No. 1 currently provides all its secondary treated wastewater to OCWD's GWRS for beneficial reuse. The 120-inch diameter ocean outfall extends 4 miles off the coast of Huntington Beach. A 78-inch diameter emergency outfall also extends 1.3 miles off the coast. Table 6.10 summarizes the wastewater collected by the City and transported to OC San's system in 2025.

Table 6.10 Submittal Table 6-2 Retail: Wastewater Collected within the City's Service Area in 2025 Submittal Table 6-2 Retail: Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2025 Water Code Section 10633(a)
Wastewater Collection Recipient of Collected Wastewater Name of
Wastewater
Collection Agency
Wastewater Volume
Metered or
Estimated?
Volume of Wastewater
Collected from UWMP
Service Area 2025
Name of Wastewater Treatment
Plant (WWTP) and Place ID
Number
Is WWTP
Located Within
UWMP Area? (AF)
City of Orange Estimated 19,885 OCSD Plant 1, Place ID 758392 No OCSD Plant 2, Place ID 259158 No
Total Wastewater Received from
UWMP Service Area in 2025: 19,885
NOTES: Assumed a return rate of 79% (City of Orange, 2012)

6.6.3 Current Recycled Water Uses
There are currently no direct recycled water uses within the City's service area. For indirect use, the City also benefits from OCWD's GWRS system that provides IPR through replenishment of OC Basin with water that meets state and federal drinking water standards.

6.6.4 Projected Recycled Water Uses
As of April 2019, the State of California amended its recycled water policy to expand its numeric goal of recycled water use to 2.5 million AFY by 2030 and added annual required reporting requirements for wastewater and recycled water. The City does not have any direct non-potable uses within their service area and does not currently have the potential for non-potable reuse because of non-existent or planned recycled water infrastructure. The City will continue to supply wastewater to support the region's IPR via GWRS.
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6.6.5 Potential Recycled Water Uses
While the City recognizes the potential for beneficial reuse in their service area, there is no source of recycled water supply in proximity to the City. The City's wastewater is conveyed to OC San's regional treatment facilities where the wastewater is treated, recycled, or discharged to the ocean. Recycled water analyses performed over the years have shown that local treatment and reuse facilities are not feasible.

The City supports the continued development of recycled water and potential uses throughout the region with OCWD's GWRS.

6.6.6 Optimization Plan
Studies of water recycling opportunities within Southern California provide a context for promoting the development of water recycling plans. It is recognized that broad public acceptance of recycled water requires continued education and public involvement. Currently, most of the recycled water available being directed toward replenishment of the groundwater basin and improvements in groundwater quality. As a user of groundwater, the City supports the efforts of OCWD and OC San to use recycled water as a primary resource for groundwater recharge in Orange County.

6.6.6.1 Public Education
The City participates in the MWDOC public education and school education programs, which include information on water recycling. MWDOC's water use efficiency public information programs are a partnership with agencies throughout the county. Through a variety of public information programs, MWDOC reaches the public, including those in the City, with information regarding present and future water supplies, the demands for a suitable quantity and quality of water, including recycled water, and the importance of implementing water efficiency techniques and behaviors. Through MWDOC, water education programs have reached thousands of students in the City with grade-specific programs that include information on recycled water.

6.6.6.2 Financial Incentives
The implementation of recycled water projects involves a substantial upfront capital investment for planning studies, Environmental Impact Reports (EIRs), engineering design, and construction before recycled water is available to the market. The establishment of new supplemental funding sources through federal, state, and regional programs now provides significant financial incentives for water agencies to develop and make use of recycled water locally. Potential sources of funding include federal, state, and local funding opportunities. These funding sources include the United States Department of Interior Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), California Proposition 13 Water Bond, Proposition 84 and MET Local Resources Program (LRP). These funding opportunities may be sought by the City or possibly more appropriately by regional agencies. The City will continue to support seeking funding for regional water recycling projects and programs.

6.6.6.3 Optimization Plan
The City does not use recycled water, therefore, there is no need for a recycled water optimization plan. In other areas of Orange County, recycled water is used for irrigating golf courses, parks, schools, businesses, and communal landscaping, as well as for groundwater recharge. Analyses have indicated that present 571
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worth costs to incorporate recycled water within the City are not cost effective as compared to purchasing imported water from MWDOC or using groundwater. The City will continue to conduct feasibility studies for recycled water and seek out creative solutions such as funding, regulatory requirements, institutional arrangement, and public acceptance for recycled water use with MWDOC, OCWD, MET, and other cooperative agencies.

6.7 Desalination Opportunities

6.7.1 Ocean Water Desalination
There are currently no ocean desalination opportunities within the City's service area.

6.7.2 Groundwater Desalination
There are currently no brackish groundwater opportunities within the City's service area.

6.8 Water Exchanges and Transfers

6.8.1 Existing Exchanges and Transfers
Interconnections with other agencies result in the ability to share water supplies during short term emergency situations or planned shutdowns of major imported water systems. Transfers of water can help with short-term outages but can also be involved with longer term water exchanges to deal with droughts or long-term emergency situations. The City maintains emergency interconnections with neighboring agencies at the locations as follows:
 City of Anaheim (5):
» Roxbury Street (Orange) and Londerry Lane (Anaheim) (two ways). » 3733 E Mandeville Place.
» Nohl Canyon Road and Nohl Ranch Road.
» Reservoir #3 (two ways).
» Altaview Drive and Sky Gate Lane (two ways).
 EOCWD (2):
» Chandler Ranch Rd and La Cumbre Drive (two ways).
» McPherson Road and Pearl Avenue.
 GSWC (1):
» Notre Dame Street and Kings Crown Road (two ways).
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 IRWD (Orange Park Acres) (7):
» Randall Street and Meads Avenue.
» Santiago Canyon Road and Sandberg Lane.
» 20612 E Amapola Avenue.
» 20021 E Chapman Avenue.
» Cannon Street and Patria Court.
» Jamboree Road and Canyon View Avenue (two ways).
» 678 N Gravier Street.
 Serrano Water District (2):
» Reservoir #6 (two ways).
» Wanda Road and Santiago Boulevard.

6.8.2 Planned and Potential Exchanges and Transfers
The City does not currently have plans to introduce new exchanges and transfers. However, MWDOC continues to help its retail agencies develop transfer and exchange opportunities that promote reliability within their systems. Therefore, MWDOC will look to help its retail agencies navigate the operational and administrative issues of transfers within the MET distribution system.

Santa Ana River Conservation and Conjunctive Use Project (SARCCUP) - The Santa Ana River Conservation and Conjunctive Use Project (SARCCUP) is a joint project established by five regional water agencies within the Santa Ana River Watershed (Eastern Municipal Water District, Inland Empire Utilities Agency, Western Municipal Water District, Orange County Water District, and San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District). In September 2021, the participating agencies, in coordination with MET, executed a regional agreement framework establishing SARCCUP as a watershed-scale groundwater banking program to improve drought reliability across Orange, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties.

In 2016, SARCCUP received $55 million in Proposition 84 funding from DWR; however, implementation has since advanced with the 2021 agreements and subsequent program updates. The overall SARCCUP program consists of three main elements: (1) Watershed-Scale Cooperative Water Banking Program; (2) Water Use Efficiency—landscape design/irrigation improvements and water budget assistance; and (3) Habitat creation and Arundo donax removal within the Santa Ana River.

The Watershed-Scale Cooperative Water Banking Program is the largest component of SARCCUP. Under MET's arrangement with San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District (Valley), when Valley declares surplus SWP water and offers it to MET, MET offers at least 50 percent of an equivalent amount to SARCCUP member agencies for storage and later use in the Santa Ana River watershed, consistent with MET policy. This structure formalizes the purchase and storage pathway that had been under development and aligns with MET's extraordinary supply policy during allocations.

Program capacity planning identifies up to ~137,000 AF of storage across six basins, including up to 36,000 AF in the OC Basin for use in dry years. Stored SARCCUP supplies may be designated "extraordinary supplies" during a MET allocation if managed consistent with MET's Water Supply Allocation Plan, thereby enhancing participating agencies' drought reliability.

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is assigned and delivered locally. Program implementation and participation details continue to be refined among OCWD, retail agencies, and MWDOC.

6.9 Future Water Projects
The City has identified the following future water supply projects, which are further summarized in Table 6.11:

Well 28 Construction - The site for Well 28 is located at 225 W Maple Avenue in the Old Towne area of the City of Orange. The property is vacant/devoid of structures and paved with asphalt. It is located in a portion of the Historic District characterized by historic industrial and residential structures, as well as more recent infill development associated with Chapman University academic facilities and a City of Orange/Metrolink parking structure that was recently completed.

The new Well 28 is situated in the northeast corner of the site. The remainder of the site will be a pocket public park which will be constructed in association with well construction. Well 28 will pump water to 370 Zone and is expected to produce approximately 3,000 gallons per minute flow capacity. Construction of the well and pocket public park will involve removal of existing surface asphalt and drilling of the well head in close proximity to structures documented as historic "contributing" structures to both the local and National Register historic districts. The structure for the well will include a sound enclosure around the well head, a transformer, and a building containing a motor control room, chlorine storage, and electrical meters. Additional discharge piping onto adjacent streets will be necessary. Well 28 is anticipated to be online in May 2026.

Well 29 Construction - The proposed site for Well 29 is located at 1715 W Struck Avenue in the west side of the City of Orange. Currently, the site previously housed the City's existing Well 8 and its supporting appurtenances. The property is mostly unpaved except for small areas of asphalt around the existing well head and equipment. The trapezoidal shaped lot is approximately 0.25 acres between Katella and Struck Avenue. Existing block wall surrounds the site's perimeter, and entrance gate is facing Struck Avenue.

The City destroyed Well 8 to construct the new Well 29 and treatment systems. Well 29 will pump water to 370 Zone and will be expected to produce approximately 3,000 gallons per minute flow capacity.

Construction of the well and treatment systems will involve removal of the existing submersible pump and motor, sand separator, supporting structures, surface asphalt, and drilling of the new well head in the westerly portion of the site. The structure for the well will include a sound enclosure around the well head, a transformer, and a building containing a motor control room, chlorine storage, and electrical meters. In addition, final paving, fencing, building design (including drawings and materials), and landscaping for the site are also part of the scope of work and shall be included on provided project plans.

Construction for the well drilling phase is expected to begin in late 2025 and construction for well equipping phase and treatment systems will begin immediately thereafter. Well 29 is anticipated to be online in December 2027.
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Table 6.11 Submittal Table 6-7 Retail: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs Submittal Table 6-7 Retail: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs Water Code Section 10631 (f)
Name of
Future
Projects or
Programs
Joint Project with other
suppliers?
Additional
Description
(as needed)
Water Type
(after
treatment if
treated)
(OPTIONAL)
Planned
Implementation
Year
Planned for
Use in Year
Type
Expected
Increase in
Water Supply
to Supplier
(This may be
a range) (yes/no)
If Yes,
Supplier
Name
(AF)
New Well
(Well 28) No N/A Construction of
a new well Potable CY 2028 All Year
Types 4,842
New Well
(Well 29) No N/A Construction of
a new well Potable CY 2028 All Year
Types 4,842
NOTES: Source – City of Orange

6.10 Energy Intensity
The City owns and operates a water distribution system and a wastewater collection system. This section reports the energy intensity for each system using data from CY 2024. Water and energy resources are inextricably connected. Known as the "water-energy nexus", the California Energy Commission estimates the transport and treatment of water, treatment and disposal of wastewater, and the energy used to heat and consume water account for nearly 20 percent of the total electricity and 30 percent of non-power plant related natural gas consumed in California. In 2015, California issued new rules requiring 50 percent of its power to come from renewables, along with a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. Consistent with energy and water conservation, renewable energy production, and GHG mitigation initiatives, the City reports the energy intensity of its water and wastewater operations.

The methodology for calculating water energy intensity outlined in Appendix O of the UWMP Guidebook was adapted from the California Institute for Energy Efficiency exploratory research study titled "Methodology for Analysis of the Energy Intensity of California's Water Systems" (Wilkinson 2000).

The study defines water energy intensity as the total amount of energy, calculated on a whole-system basis, required for the use of a given amount of water in a specific location. UWMP reporting is limited to available energy intensity information associated with water processes occurring within an urban water supplier's direct operational control. Operational control is defined as authority over normal business operations at the operational level. Any energy embedded in water supplies imparted by an upstream water supplier (e.g., water wholesaler) or consequently by a downstream water purveyor (e.g., retail water provider) is not included in the UWMP energy intensity tables. The City's calculations conform to methodologies outlined in the UWMP Guidebook and Wilkinson study.

6.10.1 Water Supply Energy Intensity
In CY 2024, the City consumed 724 kilowatt-hour (kWh) per AF, or 2223 kWh per million gallons (MG), for water extraction and delivery (Table 6.12). The basis for calculations is provided in more detail in the following subsections.
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Table 6.12 Optional Submittal Table O-1A: Energy Intensity Reporting Optional Submittal Table O-1A: Recommended Energy Reporting - SINGLE DELIVERY PRODUCT - WATER SUPPLY PROCESS APPROACH Water Delivery Product
Retail Potable
Deliveries Only for Water Delivery Products Under the Urban Water Supplier's Operational Control Start Date of Reporting Period 1/1/2024
Water Management Process
Non-Con-
sequential
Hydropower
End Date of Reporting Period 12/31/2024
Is upstream embedded energy
included in the values reported? No

Units for
Water
Volume
Extract and
Divert
Place into
Storage Conveyance Treatment Distribution Total Utility Hydropower Net Utility Volume of Water Entering Process AF 19,598 0 0 0 22,178 22,178 0 22,178 Energy Consumed (kWh) N/A 14,694,098 0 0 0 1,370,597 16,064,695 0 16,064,695 Energy Intensity (kWh/vol. converted to MG) N/A 2,301 0.0 0.0 0.0 189.7 2,223 0.0 2,223 Quantity of Self-Generated Renewable Energy
0 kWh
Data Quality (Estimate, Metered Data, Combination of
Estimates and Metered Data)
Combination of Estimates and Metered Data
Data Quality Narrative:

Volume of Water Entering Process: Extraction data based on MWDOC Compiled Water Audits "Volume from Own Sources" and Distribution data based on MWDOC Compiled Water Audits "Authorized-Consumption." Non-Revenue Water is not considered in this calculation - the energy efficiency is based on water delivered to customers.

Energy Consumed: Based on metered data.

Narrative:

The City of Orange relies on imported water, local groundwater, and recycled water to meet its customers' water needs. Operational control is limited to groundwater wells and potable water booster stations.
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6.10.1.1 Operational Control and Reporting Period
As described throughout the report, the City is a retail agency that relies on groundwater and imported water. Water supply energy intensity was calculated for the 2024 calendar year. This is a standard for energy and GHG reporting to the Climate Registry, California Air Resources Board, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Calendar year reporting provides consistency when assessing direct and indirect energy consumption within a larger geographical context, as fiscal year starting dates can vary between utilities and organizations.

6.10.1.2 Volume of Water Entering Processes
According to the MWDOC Compiled Water Audits, the City extracted 19,598 AF of groundwater from the OC Basin and distributed 22,178 AF of both groundwater and imported water. Water volume is based on water audit data. The Extracted volume is based on the "Volume from Own Sources" data point while water deliveries are based on "Authorized Consumption." This calculation excludes water losses so that the final energy intensity is based on the water that is actually delivered to customers.

6.10.1.3 Energy Consumption and Generation
According to Southern California Edison Electricity Bills, groundwater wells consumed 14,694,098 kWh of electricity and pump stations along the distribution system consumed 1,370,597 kWh of electricity.

Currently, the City does not generate renewable energy. Energy consumption is based on metered data.

6.10.2 Wastewater and Recycled Water Energy Intensity
The City does not have energy data for the wastewater system readily available and has therefore chosen not to calculate an energy intensity for the wastewater system.

6.10.3 Key Findings and Next Steps
Calculating and disclosing direct operationally controlled energy intensities is another step towards understanding the water-energy nexus. However, much work is still needed to better understand upstream and downstream (indirect) water-energy impacts. When assessing water supply energy intensities or comparing intensities between providers, it is important to consider reporting boundaries as they do not convey the upstream embedded energy or impacts energy intensity has on downstream users. Engaging one's upstream and downstream supply chain can guide more informed decisions that holistically benefit the environment and are mutually beneficial to engaged parties. Suggestions for further study include:
 Supply-chain engagement - The City relies on a variety of water sources for their customers. While some studies have used life cycle assessment tools to estimate energy intensities, there is a need to confirm this data. The 2025 UWMP requirement for all agencies to calculate energy intensity will help the City and neighboring agencies make more informed decisions that would benefit the region as a whole regarding the energy and water nexus. A similar analysis could be performed with upstream supply chain energy, for example, with State Project Water.  Internal benchmarking and goal setting - With a focus on energy conservation and a projected increase in water demand despite energy conservation efforts, the City's energy intensities will likely 577
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decrease with time. Conceivably, in a case where water demand decreases, energy intensities may rise as the energy required to pump or treat is not always proportional to water delivered. In the course of exploring the water-energy nexus and pursuing renewable energy goals, there is a need to assess whether energy intensity is a meaningful indicator or if it makes sense to use a different indicator to reflect the City's commitment to energy and water conservation. Current efforts could be expanded with the addition of a wastewater energy intensity evaluation.  Regional sustainability - Water and energy efficiency are two components of a sustainable future.

Efforts to conserve water and energy, however, may impact the social, environmental, and economic livelihood of the region. In addition to the relationship between water and energy, over time, it may also be important to consider and assess the connection these resources have on other aspects of a sustainable future.
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CHAPTER 7 WATER SERVICE RELIABILITY AND DROUGHT

RISK ASSESSMENT
This chapter of the Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) describes the City of Orange's (City) water service reliability assessment for three long-term hydrological conditions: a normal year, a single dry year, and a drought period lasting five consecutive years. The Drought Risk Assessment (DRA) assesses water supply reliability during a severe drought lasting the next five consecutive years, from 2026 to 2030.

Factors affecting reliability, such as water quality, regulations, and climate change, are also summarized in this assessment of reliability.

7.1 Water Service Reliability Overview
As part of the UWMP, every urban water supplier is required to assess the reliability of their water service to its customers under a normal year, a single dry year, and multiple dry years. The City's water sources are from local groundwater and imported water purchased from the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC). MWDOC is one of 26 member agencies of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET), which imports water from the Colorado River through its own Colorado River Aqueduct (CRA) and from Northern California through the California Aqueduct managed by the State Water Project (SWP).

MET has also invested in numerous programs and projects to augment its direct deliveries of imported water such as water transfers, groundwater banking, and use of its reservoir storage as summarized in Chapter 6.

Local groundwater in the Orange County Groundwater Basin (OC Basin) is managed by the Orange County Water District (OCWD). As summarized in Chapter 6, OCWD has developed programs and projects to improve groundwater recharge and augment groundwater through recycled water, conjunctive use, and water transfers. OCWD assesses groundwater conditions and sets its basin production percentage (BPP), which determines how much water will be pumped from the basin year, and the Basin Equity Assessment (BEA), which is a surcharge for exceeding the BPP. Currently, the BPP is set at 85 percent.

Likewise, MET has also invested in numerous programs and projects to augment its direct deliveries of imported water such as water transfers, groundwater banking, and use of its reservoir storage as summarized in Chapter 6. MET's draft 2025 UWMP demonstrates that MET will be able to meet its projected water demands for the next 25 years under normal, dry, and multiple dry year conditions (MET, 2025).

In 2025, all water agencies in Orange County, in collaboration with their wholesalers, MWDOC and OCWD, developed a water demand forecast model for their service areas that estimated water demand at the individual retail water agency level. The demand model statistically correlates municipal and industrial (M&I) water use with demographic, socioeconomic, conservation, and weather variables as reported in the 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model TM (MWDOC, 2025). Because the model isolates weather, future water demand can be estimated under single and multiple-year droughts and under future climate change scenarios. The model used a 33-year dataset (1991-2024) to estimate demand

under average (normal), single-dry year, and five consecutive dry years hydrologic conditions. Correlation 579
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coefficients between demand, temperature, and precipitation were applied to the hottest and driest historical sequences to calculate high-demand scenarios, which were expressed as scaling factors relative to the 33-year average demand.

Table 7.1 Optional Submittal Table 7-1 Retail: Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) OPTIONAL Submittal Table 7-1 Retail: Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) Year Type
Base Year
If not using a
calendar year, type
in the last year of
the fiscal, water
year, or range of
years, for example,
water year
2024-2025, use
2025
Available Supplies if
Year Type Repeats

Check the box if quantification of available supplies
is not compatible with this table and is provided
elsewhere in the UWMP.

Location: [insert location from UWMP]
Quantification of available supplies is provided in this table as either volume only, percent only, or both.

Volume Available % of Average Supply
Average Year 1991-2024 100%
Single-Dry Year 2014 107%
Consecutive Dry Years 1st Year 1991-2024 107%
Consecutive Dry Years 2nd Year 1991-2024 112%
Consecutive Dry Years 3rd Year 1991-2024 113%
Consecutive Dry Years 4th Year 1991-2024 115%
Consecutive Dry Years 5th Year 1991-2024 117%
NOTES:

7.2 Factors Affecting Water Supply Reliability
To prepare realistic water supply reliability assessments, various factors affecting reliability were considered. These include climate change and environmental requirements, regulatory changes, water quality impacts, and locally applicable criteria. In May 2025, DWR published a technical addendum to the 2023 State Water Project Delivery Capability Report (DCR) describing the impact of subsidence to future SWP deliveries. The study showed that SWP deliveries could be reduced by future subsidence. DWR recommends using the 2025 DCR to support long-term planning efforts because DWR has planned near-term fixes and is committed to restoring the conveyance capacity of the California Aqueduct. MET will continue to stay informed and incorporate any suitable subsidence modeling in the future.

7.2.1 Climate Change and the Environment
Changing climate patterns are expected to shift precipitation patterns and affect water supply availability.

Unpredictable weather patterns will make water supply planning more challenging. Although climate change impacts are associated with exact timing, magnitude, and regional impacts of these temperature and precipitation changes, researchers have identified several areas of concern for California water planners (CAMP4W, 2025). These areas include:
 A reduction in Sierra Nevada Mountain snowpack.
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 Extreme heat threatens both infrastructure and the health and safety of human lives.  Prolonged drought periods.
 Water quality issues associated with an increase in wildfires.  Rising sea levels resulting in:
» Impacts to coastal groundwater basins due to seawater intrusion. » Increased risk of damage from storms, high-tide events, and the erosion of levees. » Potential pumping cutbacks to the SWP and Central Valley Project (CVP).

Other important issues of concern due to global climate change include:
 Effects on local supplies such as groundwater.
 Changes in urban and agricultural demand levels and patterns.  Alterations to power generation and pumping regime.
 Increases in ocean algal blooms affected seawater desalination supplies.

Without additional surface storage, earlier and heavier runoff will flow to the ocean instead of being held as mountain snowpack, causing California to lose more water. California, therefore, needs to place a strong emphasis on expanding storage. As described in Chapter 6, the Colorado River Basin supplies have been inconsistent since about the year 2000, with precipitation near normal while runoff has been less than average in two out of every three years. Climate models are predicting a continuation of this pattern, whereby hotter and drier weather conditions will result in continuing lower runoff, pushing the system toward a drying trend that is often characterized as long-term drought.

Dramatic swings in annual hydrologic conditions have affected water supplies available from the SWP over the last decade. The declining ecosystem in the Delta has also led to a reduction in water supply deliveries, and operational constraints will likely continue until a long-term solution to these problems is identified and implemented (MET, 2025).

Climate change is also projected to impact future water demands. The 2025 Orange County Water Demand Model TM developed a sensitivity for the water demand forecast based on using future climate variables from a subset of 15 downscaled global climate models (GCMs) from the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Future weather variables under two climate scenarios were substituted for baseline historical average weather, with the results indicating that projected water demands under one to five consecutive dry years could be 5 percent to 17 percent greater than baseline demands (MWDOC, 2025).

7.2.2 Regulatory and Legal
Ongoing regulatory restrictions, such as those imposed by the Biological Opinions (BiOps) on the effects of SWP and the federal CVP operations on certain marine life, also contribute to the challenge of determining water delivery reliability. Endangered species protection and conveyance needs in the Delta have resulted in operational constraints that are particularly important because pumping restrictions impact many water resources programs—SWP supplies and additional voluntary transfers, Central Valley storage and transfers, and in-region groundwater and surface water storage. BiOps protect special-status species listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and impose 581
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substantial constraints on Delta water supply operations through requirements for Delta inflow and outflow and export pumping restrictions.

In addition, the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) has set water quality objectives that must be met by the SWP, including minimum Delta outflows, limits on SWP and CVP Delta exports, and maximum allowable salinity level. SWRCB has implemented the new Lower San Joaquin River flow objectives from the Phase 1 Delta Plan amendments through adjudicatory (water rights) and regulatory (water quality) processes. The Lower San Joaquin River flow objectives are estimated to reduce water available for municipal water use. New litigation, listings of additional species under the ESA, or regulatory requirements imposed by the SWRCB could further adversely affect SWP operations in the future by requiring additional export reductions, releases of additional water from storage, or other operational changes impacting water supply operations.

The Colorado River 2007 Interim Guidelines governing the Lower Basin water supply shortages and the operations of Lakes Mead and Powell are set to expire in 2026, and new operating guidelines will need to be developed for 2027 and beyond. At the time of this 2025 UWMP, negotiations over the successor post-2026 guidelines are ongoing and the outcome is highly uncertain. It is anticipated that California will likely be required to reduce its supplies from the Colorado River, on average, under the new guidelines, and that, as the junior priority, MET is at risk. A final EIS with a Selected Alternative is expected in the summer of 2026, with a record of decision to follow.

The difficulty and implications of environmental review, documentation, and permitting pose challenges for multi-year transfer agreements, recycled water projects, and seawater desalination plants. The timeline and roadmap for getting a permit for recycled water projects are challenging and inconsistently implemented in different regions of the state. Indirect Potable Reuse (IPR) projects face regulatory restraints such as treatment, blended water, retention time, and Basin Plan Objectives, which may limit how much recycled water can feasibly be recharged into the groundwater basins. New regulations and permitting uncertainty are also barriers to seawater desalination supplies, including updated Ocean Plan Regulations, Marine Life Protected Areas, and Once-Through Cooling Regulations (MET, 2025).

7.2.3 Water Quality
The following sub-section describes the water quality of the region's water supplies and the measures being taken to continue delivering high-quality drinking water that meets federal and state regulations.

7.2.3.1 Imported Water
MET is responsible for providing high quality potable water throughout its service area. Over 250,000 water quality tests are performed per year on MET's water to test for regulated contaminants and additional contaminants of concern to monitor the safety of its waters (MET, 2025). MET's supplies originate primarily from the CRA and from the SWP. A blend of these two sources, proportional to each year's availability of the source, is then delivered throughout MET's service area.

Although the CRA and SWP have different water quality characteristics, MET has implemented effective treatment and management strategies to maintain high-quality water. The CRA water source contains higher total dissolved solids (TDS), and the SWP contains higher levels of naturally occurring organic matter, lending to the formation of disinfection byproducts. To remediate the CRA's high level of salinity and the SWP's high level of organic matter, MET blends CRA and SWP supplies and has upgraded all its 582
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treatment facilities to include ozone treatment processes. In addition, MET has been engaged in efforts to protect its Colorado River supplies from threats of uranium, perchlorate, and chromium VI while also investigating the potential water quality impact of the following emerging contaminants:

N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP), microplastics, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and 1,4-dioxane (MET, 2025).

PFAS is a group of widely used man-made "forever chemicals" that include both perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). MET has voluntarily monitored PFAS in its source and treated waters since 2017. Most samples have shown non-detect (ND) for all tested PFAS, including PFOA and PFOS. A limited number of other PFAS—such as PFHxA, PFBA, PFPeA, PFDoA, PFTA, and PFBS- have been detected only at trace levels below their method detection limits. PFOA and PFOS have not been detected in Metropolitan's imported or treated water supplies. However, some member agencies have detected these compounds in local groundwater wells, which may require treatment or source management to comply with emerging Division of Drinking Water (DDW) regulations. As DDW and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) establish enforceable maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for PFOA and PFOS, some agencies may supplement their local supplies with increased purchases of Metropolitan water (MET, 2025).

The EPA finalized the first national drinking water standards for six PFAS compounds in April 2024. These standards include enforceable MCLs for PFOA and PFOS set at 4 parts per trillion (ppt). In May 2025, the EPA announced that it would extend the compliance deadline for PFOA and PFOS from 2029 to 2031 to provide additional time for testing, planning, and installation of treatment technologies. While MET and its member agencies continue to monitor and test PFAS in imported and local sources, the delay in the federal compliance date allows additional time to evaluate treatment options, coordinate funding, and plan system upgrades necessary to meet forthcoming federal PFAS standards.

The presence of quagga mussels in water sources is a water quality concern. Quagga mussels are an invasive species that was first discovered in 2007 at Lake Mead, on the Colorado River. This species of mussels forms massive colonies in short periods of time, disrupting ecosystems and blocking water intakes. They can cause significant disruption and damage to water distribution systems. MET has had success in controlling the spread and impacts of the quagga mussels within the CRA; however, the future could require more extensive maintenance and reduced operational flexibility than current operations allow. It also resulted in MET eliminating deliveries of CRA water into Diamond Valley Lake (DVL) to keep the reservoir free from quagga mussels (MET, 2025).

In addition, Golden Mussels, another invasive species capable of disrupting pipelines and altering ecosystems, were detected in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta in October 2024 and are now spreading through the SWP. These mussels pose similar concerns due to their ability to obstruct raw water conveyance facilities and negatively affect aquatic environments. Although their presence does not typically result in violations of drinking water standards, unmanaged infestations can degrade habitats, clog infrastructure, and reduce the aesthetic and recreational value of lakes and reservoirs. State and regional agencies continue to monitor golden mussel movement and evaluate appropriate response strategies to limit their spread (MET, 2025).

7.2.3.2 Groundwater
Groundwater is a reliable component of the water supply for Orange County, and the OCWD manages the basin to provide long-term quality and sustainability. The basin supports a significant portion of the 583
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region's water demands and is monitored through an extensive network of production, monitoring, and recharge wells that provide data on water levels and water quality conditions across the aquifer system.

Orange County Groundwater Basin
OCWD is responsible for managing the OC Basin. To maintain groundwater quality, OCWD conducts an extensive monitoring program that serves to manage the OC Basin's groundwater production, control groundwater contamination, and comply with all required laws and regulations. A network of nearly 700 groundwater wells provides OCWD with a source for samples, which are tested for a variety of purposes. OCWD collects samples each month to monitor basin water quality. The total number of water samples analyzed varies year-to-year due to regulatory requirements, conditions in the basin, and applied research and/or special study demands. These samples are collected and tested according to approved federal and state procedures as well as industry-recognized quality assurance and control protocols (City of La Habra et al., 2017). OCWD routinely tests for hundreds of regulated constituents, but the parameters discussed, PFAS, TDS, and nitrate, are of focus because they represent the most relevant regional and regulatory considerations that influence groundwater management and long-term supply planning. These issues do not indicate that the groundwater basin is unsafe; rather, they are discussed because they are key focus areas for state agencies and water suppliers throughout Southern California.

PFAS are of particular concern for groundwater quality, and since the summer of 2019, the DDW requires testing for PFAS compounds in some groundwater production wells in the OCWD area. According to the EPA, the established federal Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for certain PFAS compounds in drinking water include 4 nanograms per liter (ng/L), or parts per trillion (ppt), for PFOA and PFOS. In addition, the California State Water Resources Control Board has established health-based notification levels (NLs) and response levels (RLs) for several PFAS compounds. The current NLs are 4 ng/L for PFOA and 4 ng/L for PFOS, while the RLs are 10 ng/L for PFOA and 40 ng/L for PFOS. If PFAS concentrations exceed the NL, water systems must notify their governing body; if concentrations exceed the RL, water systems are expected to take corrective actions such as removing the source from service or implementing treatment.

PFAS have been detected in the OC Basin in very tiny amounts (parts per trillion), entering primarily via the Santa Ana River, whose flows infiltrate into the basin. Despite playing no role in releasing PFAS into the environment, OCWD is working with its cities and retail water districts to remove them from local water supplies in order to comply with new state and federal regulations. More than 100 wells have been impacted due to various state and federal regulations. Fifteen impacted agencies will have to temporarily purchase more costly imported water to replace PFAS contaminated supplies. As of 2025, 53 impacted wells are back online due to close to a billion dollars being spent on state-of-the-art testing, research, and piloting of different treatment systems, and design and construction of treatment plants that are now operational.

By 2025, OCWD had restored 49 wells to service with operational treatment systems, with an additional 57 wells in planning, design, or construction stages (ACWA, 2025). These systems continue to rely primarily on granular activated carbon (GAC) and ion exchange (IX) media, operated in a lead–lag configuration to achieve non‑detect PFAS levels consistent with evolving state and federal regulatory standards (Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board and Orange County Water District, 2023).

Groundwater production in FY 2023–24 totaled 280,420 acre-feet (AF), with slight increases projected over the next two years as additional treatment systems come online, showing continued reductions associated 584
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with PFAS‑impacted wells that remain offline across several agencies. Salinity is a significant water quality problem in many parts of southern California, including Orange County. Salinity is a measure of the dissolved minerals in water, including both TDS and nitrates. OCWD continuously monitors the levels of TDS in wells throughout the OC Basin. TDS currently has a California Secondary MCL of 500 milligrams per liter (mg/L). The portions of the OC Basin with the highest levels are generally located in the cities of Irvine, Tustin, Yorba Linda, Anaheim, and Fullerton. There is also a broad area in the central portion of the OC Basin where TDS ranges from 500 to 700 mg/L. Sources of TDS include the water supplies used to recharge the OC Basin and from onsite wastewater treatment systems, also known as septic systems. The TDS concentration in the OC Basin increased on average from 415 mg/L in FY 2022-23 to 432 mg/L in FY 2023-24 (OCWD, 2025).

Nitrates are one of the most common and widespread contaminants in groundwater supplies, originating from fertilizer use, animal feedlots, wastewater disposal systems, and other sources. The MCL for nitrate in drinking water is set at 10 mg/L. OCWD regularly monitors nitrate levels in groundwater and works with producers to treat wells that have exceeded safe levels of nitrate concentrations. OCWD manages the nitrate concentration of water recharged by its facilities to reduce nitrate concentrations in groundwater.

This includes the operation of the Prado Wetlands, which was designed to remove nitrogen and other pollutants from the Santa Ana River before the water is diverted to be percolated into OCWD's surface water recharge system. Although water from the deep aquifer system is of very high quality, it is amber-colored and contains a sulfuric odor due to buried natural organic material, requiring treatment before use as drinking water. The principal aquifer, which supplies most basin pumping, occurs at depths of roughly 300 to 1,200 feet below ground surface (OCWD, 2025). The total volume of amber-colored groundwater in the deep system is estimated at approximately 1 MAF.

7.2.4 Locally Applicable Criteria
Within Orange County, there are no significant local applicable criteria that directly affect reliability. Over the years, the water agencies in Orange County have made tremendous efforts to integrate their systems to provide flexibility for interchanging with different sources of supply. There are emergency agreements in place to provide an adequate supply of water in all parts of the County. In the northern part of the County, agencies can meet most of their demands from groundwater with very little limitation, except for the OCWD BPP. For the agencies in South Orange County, most of their demands are met with imported water, and their limitations are based on the capacity of their systems, which are very robust. However, if a major earthquake on the San Andreas Fault occurs, it can potentially be damaging to key water aqueducts and disrupt imported supplies to the entire Southern California for up to six months. The MET region would likely require a water-use reduction of 10 25 percent until the system is repaired. However, MET has taken proactive steps to handle such disruption, such as constructing DVL, which mitigates potential impacts. DVL, along with other local reservoirs, can store a six to twelve-month supply of emergency water (MET, 2025).

7.3 Water Service Reliability Assessment
This section assesses the reliability of the City's water service to its customers. This is completed by comparing the projected long-term water demand (Chapter 4) to the projected water supply sources available to the City (Chapter 6), in five-year increments, for a normal water year, a single dry water year, and a drought lasting five consecutive water years.
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7.3.1 Normal Year Reliability
In 2025, MWDOC and OCWD, in collaboration with Orange County retail agencies, developed water demand forecast models for individual retail water agencies in Orange County, as described in detail in Chapter 4. This 25-year demand forecast uses statistical models to account for demographic, socioeconomic, conservation, and weather variables (MWDOC, 2025). For normal year reliability, the demand forecast represents average weather conditions. The City is 100 percent reliable for normal year demands from 2025 through 2050. The City receives imported water from MWDOC via connection to MET's regional distribution system. Although pipeline and connection capacity rights do not guarantee the availability of water, they do guarantee the ability to convey water into the local system when it is available to the MET distribution system.

A comparison between the supply and demand for projected years between 2025 and 2050 is shown in Table 7.2. The table demonstrates that projected supplies and demands are equal in every planning year, with no anticipated surpluses or shortfalls. As stated above, the available supply will meet projected demands due to a diversified supply and conservation measures limiting and reducing imported demands in the later years. The City's supplies are provided by MWDOC and OC Basin. In MWDOC's 2025 Urban Water Management Plan, they identify their wholesale supplies as 100 percent reliable under normal-year conditions (Submittal Table 7‑2; MWDOC, 2025).

Table 7.2 Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison Water Code Section 10635 (a)

2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (Opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Supply totals
(autofill from Submittal Table 6-9 R) 24,529 24,550 24,675 24,646 24,640 Use totals
(autofill from Submittal Table 4-2 R) 24,529 24,550 24,675 24,646 24,640 Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
NOTES: This table compares the projected demand and supply volumes determined in Sections 4.3.2 and 6.1, respectively.

7.3.2 Single Dry Year Reliability
A single dry year is defined as a single year of minimal to no rainfall within a period where average precipitation is expected to occur. Orange County's water demand projection model (described in Chapter 4) isolated the impacts that weather and future climate can have on water demand through the use of a statistical model. The impacts of hot/dry weather conditions are reflected as a percentage increase in water demands from the normal year condition. For a single dry-year condition (FY 2013-14), the model projects a seven percent increase in demand for the City's service area (MWDOC, 2025).

Detailed information about the model is included in Appendix E.

The City has documented that it is 100 percent reliable for single dry year demands from 2025 through 2050. As shown in Table 7.3, projected single dry year supplies and demands are equal from 2030 to 2050, resulting in no anticipated shortages. This assessment incorporates a seven percent increase in demand 586
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above normal-year levels and shows the significant reserves and conservation measures available within MET.

Table 7.3 Submittal Table 7-3 Retail: Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison Submittal Table 7-3 Retail: Single Dry Year Supply and Use Comparison Water Code Section 10635(a)
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (Opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
Supply totals 26,296 26,319 26,453 26,422 26,415
Use totals 26,296 26,319 26,453 26,422 26,415
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
NOTES: The single dry year projections estimate a 7% increase on imported M&I demand.

7.3.3 Multiple Dry Years Reliability
Multiple dry years are defined as five or more consecutive dry years with minimal rainfall within a period of average precipitation. Orange County water demand projection model (described in Chapter 4) isolated the impacts that weather and future climate can have on water demand through the use of a statistical model. The impacts of hot/dry weather conditions are reflected as a percentage increase in water demands from the normal year condition. During multiple dry years, the UWMP applies dry-year adjustment factors to reflect future climate conditions and retail level water demand. These increase 7 percent in single-dry and first multiple-dry years, going up to 12, 13, 15, and 17 percent in subsequent drought years, relative to average-year demand (see Table 7.1) (MWDOC, 2025). Rather than repeating the single-dry-year factor for all five years, the five-year multi-dry-year scenario applies the year-specific dry-year adjustment factors for each consecutive year, reflecting the increasing impacts of extended drought. The City has demonstrated that its water supplies remain fully reliable throughout a five- consecutive- year dry period from 2025 through 2050. Even assuming a conservative demand increase of 7 to 17 percent per year over five consecutive years, the City is capable of meeting all customers' demands from 2025 through 2050 (Table 7.5), with significant reserves held by MET and conservation.

The table includes treated water from MET for M&I and non-M&I demands. The multiple dry-year projections estimate a seven percent increase on imported M&I demand. The 2030 column assesses supply and demand for FY 2025-26 through FY 2029-30; the 2035 column assesses FY 2030-31 through FY 2034-35 and so forth, to end the water service reliability assessment in FY 2045-50. 587
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Table 7.4 Submittal Table 7-4 Retail: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison Submittal Table 7-4 Retail: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison Water Code Section 10635(a)
2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 (Opt)
(AF) (AF) (AF) (AF) (AF)
First year
Supply totals 26,296 26,319 26,453 26,422 26,415
Use totals 26,296 26,319 26,453 26,422 26,415
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Second year
Supply totals 27,460 27,484 27,623 27,591 27,584
Use totals 27,460 27,484 27,623 27,591 27,584
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Third year
Supply totals 27,631 27,655 27,795 27,763 27,756
Use totals 27,631 27,655 27,795 27,763 27,756
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Fourth year
Supply totals 28,154 28,178 28,321 28,289 28,281
Use totals 28,154 28,178 28,321 28,289 28,281
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Fifth year
Supply totals 28,632 28,657 28,802 28,769 28,762
Use totals 28,632 28,657 28,802 28,769 28,762
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
NOTES: The 2030 column assesses supply and demand for FY 2025-26 through FY 2029-30; the 2035 column assesses FY 2030-31 through FY 2034-35 and so forth, to end the water service reliability assessment in FY 2049-50.

7.4 Management Tools and Options
Existing and planned water management tools and options that seek to maximize local resources and results in minimizing the need to import water are described below:
 Reduced Delta Reliance: Both MWDOC and MET have demonstrated consistency with Reduced Reliance on the Delta Through Improved Regional Water Self-Reliance (Delta Plan policy WR P1) by reporting the expected outcomes for measurable reductions in supplies from the Delta. MET has improved its self-reliance through methods including water use efficiency, water recycling, stormwater capture and reuse, advanced water technologies, conjunctive use projects, local and regional water supply and storage programs, and other programs and projects. Similarly, Orange County water agencies have further invested in water use efficiency, local water supply projects, and advanced water technologies to increase regional self-reliance. In the near term (2030), regional self-reliance during a normal water year for the entire MET service area is projected to increase by approximately 601 MAF compared to the 2010 baseline, an improvement equal to nearly 20 percent of projected 2030 retail demands. Looking ahead to 2050, normal year regional self-reliance is expected to grow by more than 1.0 MAF above the 2010 baseline, representing an increase of roughly 20 percent of projected 2050 retail demands (MET, 2025).
 The continued and planned use of groundwater: The water supply resources within the City's service area are enhanced by the existence of groundwater basins that account for the majority of 588
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local supplies available. As described in Chapter 4, the OC Basin is also used as a reservoir to store water during wet years and draw from storage during dry years, subsequently minimizing the MWDOC service area's reliance on imported water. Groundwater basins are managed within a safe basin operating range so that groundwater wells are only pumped as needed to meet water use.

Although Buena Park does not manage any of the service area's groundwater basins, as a groundwater producer, Buena Park supports the efforts to maintain the health of the local basins through local groundwater recharge efforts such as OCWD's GWRS Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS) program.
 Groundwater storage and transfer programs: OCWD's involvement in the Santa Ana River Conservation and Conjunctive Use Program (SARCCUP) includes participation in a conjunctive use program that improves water supply resiliency and increases available dry-year yield from local groundwater basins. The groundwater bank has 137,000 AF of storage (Inland Empire Utilities Agency, 2021). MET has numerous groundwater storage and transfer programs in which MET endeavors to increase the reliability of water supplies, including the Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency (AVEK) Waste Agency Exchange and Storage Program and the High Desert Water Bank Program. In addition, MET has encouraged storage through its cyclic and conjunctive use programs that allow MET to deliver water into a groundwater basin in advance of agency demands, such as the Cyclic Storage Agreements under the Main San Gabriel Basin Judgment.
 MWDOC Water Loss Program: The water loss audit program reduces the City's dependency on imported water from the Delta by implementing water loss control technologies after assessing audit data and leak detection.
 Increased use of recycled water: OCWD's GWRS and Green Acres Project (GAP) help southern California reduce its reliance on imported water by providing a local, reliable water supply that meets or exceeds all federal and state drinking water standards. OCWD is currently expanding the GWRS to increase production to 130 MGD, further strengthening regional water self-sufficiency.  Implementation of demand management measures during dry periods: During dry periods, water reduction methods to be applied to the public through the retail agencies, which will in turn reduce the City's overall demands on local and imported water. The City met its conservation target of 20 percent by 2020 as part of the Orange County Regional Alliance, as well as individually.

7.5 Drought Risk Assessment
California Water Code (CWC) Section 10635(b) requires every urban water supplier to include a DRA for its water service as part of the information considered in developing its demand management measures and water supply projects and programs. The DRA is a specific planning action that assumes the City is experiencing a drought over the next five years and addresses water supply reliability in the context of presumed drought conditions. Together, the water service reliability assessment, DRA, and water shortage contingency planning (WSCP) allow the City to have a comprehensive picture of its short- and long-term water service reliability and to identify the tools to address any perceived or actual shortage conditions.

CWC Section 10612 requires the DRA to be based on the driest five-year historical sequence for the City's water supply. However, CWC Section 10635 also requires that the analysis consider plausible changes on projected supplies and demands due to climate change, anticipated regulatory changes, and other locally applicable criteria.
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The following sections describe the methodology and results from the City's DRA.

7.5.1 Methodology
As described in more detail in Chapter 4, the water demand forecasting model prepared for the City isolated the impacts that weather and future climate can have on water demand through the use of an econometric model. In addition to weather related factors, the model incorporates explanatory variables that influence both historical and projected water use, including water price, gross domestic product (GDP), median household income, housing density, persons per household, households per account, sectoral employment mix (for CII demand), seasonal patterns, historical conservation trends, drought restrictions, and COVID-19 behavioral effects. These variables allow the model to separately quantify how economic conditions, demographic shifts, land use characteristics, and institutional constraints affect demand across residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, and irrigation sectors (MWDOC, 2025).

The impacts of hot/dry weather conditions are reflected as a percentage increase in water demands from the average condition. For a single dry year condition (FY 2013-14), the model projects a seven percent increase in demand for the City's service area (MWDOC, 2025). The model used a 33-year dataset (1991-2024) to estimate demand under average (normal), single-dry year, and five consecutive dry years hydrologic conditions. Correlation coefficients between demand, temperature, and precipitation were applied to the hottest and driest historical sequences to calculate high-demand scenarios, which were expressed as scaling factors relative to the 33-year average demand.

For the City, the five consecutive dry year demand scenario is based on the demand model's multiple dry year methodology. In accordance with the econometric demand model approach used to develop UWMP demand projections, a single hot/dry year was first identified based on weather conditions that produced the greatest demand response. Consecutive dry years were then represented by applying incremental scaling factors to this single hot/dry year demand to account for the compounding effects of persistent warm and dry conditions over time. These scaling factors show long‑term relationships between regional water use and multi‑year temperature and precipitation deficits and are applied sequentially to simulate second through fifth consecutive dry years. This approach is consistent with the demand modeling framework summarized in Tables 7.1 and 7.5.

7.5.1.1 Water Demand Characterization
The City's water supplies consist of groundwater from the OC Basin and purchased water from MWDOC, regardless of hydrologic conditions. As described in Chapter 6, MET's supplies are from the Colorado River, SWP, and in-region storage. In MET's 2025 UWMP, the DRA concluded that even without activating WSCP actions. Beyond this, MET's DRA indicated a surplus of supplies that would be available to all of its member agencies, including MWDOC, should the need arise. Therefore, any increase in demand that is experienced in MWDOC's service area is assumed to be met by MET's water supplies. Based on the water demand projection model discussed in more detail in Chapter 4, in a single dry year, demand is expected to increase by 7 percent above a normal year (see Table 7.1). The City's DRA conservatively assumes that a drought from FY 2025-26 through FY 2029-30 is based on the FY 2025 normal year supply with the five-year consecutive dry year hydrology (from Table 7.1) (MWDOC, 2025). 590
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7.5.1.2 Water Supply Characterization
The City's assumptions for its supply capabilities are discussed and presented in 5-year increments under its water reliability assessment in Section 7.3. For Buena Park's DRA, these supply capabilities are further refined and presented annually for the years 2026 to 2030, which the Orange County Demand Model (2025) applied a historical dry-year sequence from within the 1991-2024 dataset as an analog for five consecutive dry years. Groundwater is sustainably managed through the BPP and robust management measures (Section 6.3.4 and Appendix G), direct and indirect recycled water uses provide additional local supply (Section 6.6), and based on MET's and MWDOC's UWMP, imported water is available to close any local water supply gap (Section 7.5.1). For its DRA, the model assessed the reliability of supplies available to Orange County through MET using historical supply availability under dry-year conditions. MET's supply sources under the CR, SWP, and in-region supply categories are individually listed and discussed in detail in MET's UWMP. Future supply capabilities for each of these supply sources are also individually tabulated in Appendix 3 of MET's UWMP, with consideration for plausible changes on projected supplies under climate change conditions, anticipated regulatory changes, and other factors. Total Water Supply and Use Comparison
The City's anticipated total water use and supply under a five-year drought from FY 2025-26 through FY 2029-30 are compared in Table 7.5. The City's assessment reveals that its supply capabilities are expected to balance with its projected water use for the next five years, from 2026 to 2030.

Table 7.5 Submittal Table 7-5 Retail: Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment Submittal Table 7-5 Retail: Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment Water Code Section 10635(b)(3)
2026 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 27,029
Total Supplies (AF) 27,029
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
2027 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 28,225
Total Supplies (AF) 28,225
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
2028 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 28,401
Total Supplies (AF) 28,401
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
2029 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 28,939
Total Supplies (AF) 28,939
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
2030 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 29,430
Total Supplies (AF) 29,430
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
NOTES:
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7.5.2 Water Source Reliability
The City's water supply portfolio is predominantly supported by the OC Basin, which provides roughly 85 percent of the City's water under the FY 2025–26 BPP and is expected to remain a reliable source through FY 2029–30. OCWD's active basin management, such as adjusting the BPP and securing supplemental recharge supplies, helps maintain long-term groundwater reliability. Local supply is further strengthened by the City's use of indirect potable reuse water from OCWD's Groundwater Replenishment System, which enhances drought resilience. While emergency interconnections with neighboring agencies are not part of the normal supply mix, they offer additional backup capacity if ever needed. The City's DRA concludes that available supplies meet projected demands during a modeled five-year drought, with the ability to increase MET purchases if necessary.

As detailed in Chapter 8, the City has in place a robust WSCP and comprehensive shortage response planning efforts that include demand reduction measures and supply augmentation actions. However, since the City's DRA shows a balance, no water service reliability concern is anticipated, and no shortfall mitigation measures are expected to be exercised over the next five years. The City and its wholesale, MWDOC, will periodically revisit its representation of the supply sources and of the gross water use estimated for each year, and will revise the DRA if needed. 592
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CHAPTER 8 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY

PLANNING

8.1 Background
Water shortage contingency planning is a strategic planning process that the City of Orange (City) engages to prepare for and respond to water shortages. A water shortage is defined when water supply available is insufficient to meet the customer demand at a given point in time. This may occur due to water supply availability changes, water quality changes, and/or catastrophic events (e.g., earthquake). The Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP), included in Appendix F and summarized in this chapter, provides a water supply availability assessment and structured steps designed to respond to actual conditions. This level of detailed planning and preparation is intended to help maintain reliable supplies and reduce the impacts of supply interruptions.

The Water Code Section 10632 requires that every urban water supplier that serves more than 3,000 acre-feet (AF) per year or has more than 3,000 connections prepared adopt a standalone WSCP as part of its UWMP. The WSCP is required to plan for a greater than 50 percent supply shortage. The WSCP may require updating based on new DWR requirements every five years and will be adopted as a current update for submission to DWR by July 1, 2026.

8.2 Overview of the Water Shortage Contingency Plan
The WSCP serves as the operating manual that the City will use to prevent catastrophic service disruptions through proactive, rather than reactive, mitigation of water shortages. The WSCP defines the processes and procedures that would be deployed when shortage conditions arise so that the City’s governing body, its staff, and the public can easily identify and efficiently implement pre-determined steps to mitigate a water shortage to the level appropriate for the degree of water shortfall anticipated. The relationship between the three procedural documents related to planning for and responding to water shortages is graphically depicted in Figure 8.1.
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Figure 8.1 Purpose and Relationships of the UWMP, WSCP, and Water Shortage Response Ordinance
A complete version of the City’s WSCP is provided in Appendix F and includes the steps to assess if a water shortage is occurring, and what level of demand reduction actions to trigger the most appropriate response to the water shortage conditions. The WSCP has prescriptive elements, including an analysis of water supply reliability; the drought shortage actions that align with water shortage levels that correspond to water shortage percentages ranging from 10 percent to greater than 50 percent; an estimate of potential to close supply gap for each measure; protocols and procedures to communicate identified actions for any current or predicted water shortage conditions; procedures for an annual water supply and demand assessment; monitoring and reporting requirements to determine customer compliance; and reevaluation and improvement procedures for evaluating the WSCP.

8.3 Summary of Water Shortage Response Strategy and Required DWR Tables
The WSCP is organized into the following three main sections with Section 3 aligned with the California Water Code Section 16032 requirements.
 Section 1 Introduction and WSCP Overview gives an overview of the WSCP fundamentals.  Section 2 Background Information provides a background on the City’s water service area.  Section 3 Water Shortage Contingency Preparedness and Response Planning. » Section 3.1 Water Supply Reliability Analysis provides a summary of the water supply analysis and water reliability findings from the 2025 UWMP.
» Section 3.2 Annual Water Supply and Demand Assessment Procedures provides a description of procedures to conduct and approve the Annual Assessment. » Section 3.3 Six Standard Water Shortage Stages explains WSCP’s six standard water shortage levels corresponding to progressive ranges of up to 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and more than 50 percent shortages.
» Section 3.4 Shortage Response Actions describes WSCP’s shortage response actions that align with the defined shortage levels.
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» Section 3.5 Communication Protocols addresses communication protocols and procedures to inform customers, the public, interested parties, and local, regional, and state governments, regarding any current or predicted shortages and any resulting shortage response actions. » Section 3.6 Compliance and Enforcement describe customer compliance, enforcement, appeal, and exemption procedures for triggered shortage response actions. » Section 3.7 Legal Authorities describes the legal authorities that enable the City to implement and enforce its shortage response actions.
» Section 3.8 Financial Consequences of the WSCP provides a description of the financial consequences of and responses for drought conditions.
» Section 3.9 Monitoring and Reporting describes monitoring and reporting requirements and procedures that ensure appropriate data is collected, tracked, and analyzed for purposes of monitoring customer compliance and to meet state reporting requirements. » Section 3.10 WSCP Refinement Procedures addresses reevaluation and improvement procedures for monitoring and evaluating the functionality of the WSCP. » Section 3.11 Special Water Feature Distinction provides a required definition for inclusion in a WSCP per the Water Code.
» Section 3.12 Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Availability describes the process the City followed to adopt its WSCP.

The WSCP is based on adequate details of demand reduction and supply augmentation measures that are structured to match varying degrees of shortage will aim to make the relevant stakeholders understand what to expect during a water shortage situation. City adopted water shortage levels consistent with the requirements identified in Water Code Section 10632 (a)(3)(A) (Table 8.1).

The six shortage levels the City uses in their water shortage planning and documented in their WSCP are the same as DWR’s six standard shortage levels, as indicated in Table 8.1. The water supply augmentation measures that align with each agency shortage level are described in Table 8.2 This table also estimates the extent to which that action will augment supplies to reduce the gap between supplies and demands.

The demand reduction action measures that align with each shortage level and how each measure will reduce the shortage gap between expected supplies and the shortage level is summarized in Table 8.3.

The purpose of Table 8.2 and 8.3 are to demonstrate the results the City can expect once shortage level actions are implemented. to deliver the expected outcomes necessary to meet the requirements of a given shortage level.
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Table 8.1 Submittal Table 8-1: Cross-Reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels Submittal Table 8-1: Cross-reference for Standard vs Supplier Shortage Levels Water Code Section 10632(a)(3)(B)

Check the box if the Supplier uses the Standard six levels of water shortage.

Proceed to the next table.

Standard Shortage
Levels
Percent Shortage
Range
Suppliers Shortage
Levels
Percent Shortage
Range
1 Up to 10%
2 Up to 20%
3 Up to 30%
4 Up to 40%
5 Up to 50%
6 >50%
NOTES:

Table 8.2 Submittal Table 8-2 Retail: Supply Augmentation and Other Actions Submittal Table 8-2 Retail: Supply Augmentation and Other Actions Water Code Section 10632(a)(4)(A),(C) and (E)
Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Supply Augmentation Methods and
Other Actions by Water Supplier
Drop down list
These are the only categories that
will be accepted by the WUEdata
online submittal tool
How much is this going to reduce
the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or
Reference
(OPTIONAL)
Volume or
Percentage
Drop down
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value
(May be a
range)
(AF)
Add additional rows as needed
1 through 6 Other Purchases Percentage 0 - 100% Additional imported water purchases through MWDOC
1 through 6 Other Purchases Percentage 0 - 100%
Additional groundwater
pumping in the Orange County
Groundwater Basin
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3.

NOTES: Additional imported water purchases and groundwater pumping may be subject to rate penalties from MWDOC and OCWD, respectively.
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Table 8.3 Submittal Table 8-3 Retail: Demand Reduction Actions Submittal Table 8-3 Retail: Demand Reduction Actions
Water Code Section 10632(a)(4)(B) and (E)
Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction Actions
Drop down list
These are the only categories that will be
accepted by the WUEdata online submittal
tool. Select those that apply.

How much is this going to reduce the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference
(OPTIONAL)
Penalty, Charge, or
Other Enforcement?
For Retail Suppliers
Only
Drop Down List
Volume or
Percentage
Drop down
Shortage Gap Reduction Value
(May be a range)
(AF)
Add additional rows as needed
0 Landscape - Prohibit certain types of
landscape irrigation
Statewide Prohibition is Required Limit on watering nonfunctional turf: Watering or irrigation of nonfunctional turf (NFT) on State and local government properties, commercial, industrial and institutional owned landscapes, homeowners' associations common area landscapes, and local government facilities in disadvantaged communities (DAC) is prohibited. See Note 1 below.

No
0 Landscape - Limit landscape irrigation to
specific times
On-going Long-Term Conservation Savings
Measure. Not applicable to Water Shortage
Contingency Plan quantifiable savings.

Limits of watering hours: Watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape or other vegetated area with potable water is prohibited between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. Pacific Standard Time on any day, except by use of a hand-held bucket or similar container, a hand-held hose equipped with a positive self-closing water shut-off nozzle or device, or for very short periods of time for the express purpose of adjusting or repairing an irrigation system.

Yes
0 Landscape - Prohibit all landscape irrigation On-going Long-Term Conservation Savings Measure. Not applicable to Water Shortage
Contingency Plan quantifiable savings.

Limit on watering duration: Watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape or other vegetated area with potable water using a landscape irrigation system or a watering device that is not continuously attended is limited to no more than 15 minutes watering per day per station. This subsection does not apply to landscape irrigation systems that exclusively use very low-flow drip type irrigation systems when no emitter produces more than two gallons water per hour, and weather based controllers or stream rotor sprinklers that meet a 70 percent efficiency standard.

Yes
0 Landscape - Restrict or prohibit runoff from
landscape irrigation
Statewide Prohibition is Required No excessive water flow or runoff: Watering or irrigating of any lawn, landscape or other vegetated area in a manner that causes or allows excessive water flow or runoff onto an adjoining sidewalk, driveway, street, alley, gutter or ditch is prohibited 0 Other - Prohibit use of potable water for
washing hard surfaces
Statewide Prohibition is Required No washing down hard or paved surfaces: Washing down hard or paved surfaces, including but not limited to sidewalks, walkways, driveways, parking areas, tennis courts, patios or alleys, is prohibited except when necessary to alleviate safety or sanitary hazards, and then only by use of a hand held bucket or similar container, a hand-held hose equipped with a positive self-closing water shut-off device or a low-volume, high-pressure cleaning machine equipped to recycle any water used.

Yes
0 Other - Customers must repair leaks, breaks,
and malfunctions in a timely manner
On-going Long-Term Conservation Savings
Measure. Not applicable to Water Shortage
Contingency Plan quantifiable savings.

Obligation to fix leaks, breaks or malfunctions: Excessive use, loss or escape of water through breaks, leaks or other malfunctions, in the water user's plumbing or distribution system for any period of time after such escape of water should have been discovered and corrected and in no event more than seven days of receiving a notice from the City is prohibited.

Yes
0 Water Features - Restrict water use for
decorative water features, such as fountains
Statewide Prohibition is Required Re-circulating water required for water fountains and decorative water features: Operating a water fountain or other decorative water feature that does not use re-circulated water is prohibited.

No
0 CII - Other CII restriction or prohibition On-going Long-Term Conservation Savings Measure. Not applicable to Water Shortage
Contingency Plan quantifiable savings.

No installation of single pass cooling systems: Installation of single pass cooling systems is prohibited in buildings requesting new water service.

No
0 CII - Other CII restriction or prohibition On-going Long-Term Conservation Savings Measure. Not applicable to Water Shortage
Contingency Plan quantifiable savings.

No installation of non-re-circulating in commercial car wash and laundry systems: Installation of non-re-circulating water systems is prohibited in new commercial conveyor car wash and new commercial laundry systems.

No
0 Other - Require automatic shut of hoses On-going Long-Term Conservation Savings Measure. Not applicable to Water Shortage
Contingency Plan quantifiable savings.

Limits on washing vehicles: Using water to wash or clean a vehicle, including but not limited to any automobile, truck, van, bus, motorcycle, boat or trailer, whether motorized or not is prohibited, except by use of a hand-held bucket or similar container or a hand-held hose equipped with a positive self-closing water shut-off nozzle or device. This subsection does not apply to any commercial car washing facility.

Yes
1 Expand Public Information Campaign Percentage 5% Community Outreach and Messaging (Expand Public Information Campaign to Shortage Level 1 Protocols) No 1 Other - Customers must repair leaks, breaks,
and malfunctions in a timely manner
Percentage 2% Obligation to fix leaks, breaks or malfunctions: All leaks, breaks, or other malfunctions in the water user's plumbing or distribution system must be repaired within 72 hours of notification by the City unless other arrangements are made with the City.

Yes
1 CII - Lodging establishment must offer opt
out of linen service
Percentage 1% Commercial lodging establishments must provide option to not launder linen daily: Hotels, motels and other commercial lodging establishments must provide customers the option of not having towels and linen laundered daily. Commercial lodging establishments must prominently display notice of this option in each bathroom using clear and easily understood language.

No
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Submittal Table 8-3 Retail: Demand Reduction Actions
Water Code Section 10632(a)(4)(B) and (E)
Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction Actions
Drop down list
These are the only categories that will be
accepted by the WUEdata online submittal
tool. Select those that apply.

How much is this going to reduce the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference
(OPTIONAL)
Penalty, Charge, or
Other Enforcement?
For Retail Suppliers
Only
Drop Down List
Volume or
Percentage
Drop down
Shortage Gap Reduction Value
(May be a range)
(AF)
Add additional rows as needed
1 CII - Commercial kitchens required to use
pre-rinse spray valves
Percentage 1% Restaurants required to use water conserving dish wash spray valves: Food preparation establishments, such as restaurants or cafes, are prohibited from using non-water conserving dish wash spray valves.

No
1 CII - Restaurants may only serve water upon
request
Percentage 1% Drinking water served upon request only: Eating or drinking establishments, including, but not limited to, a restaurant, hotel, café, cafeteria, bar, club or other public place where food or drinks are sold, served, or offered for sale, are prohibited from providing drinking water to any person unless expressly requested.

Yes
1 Other Percentage Other prohibited uses: The City may implement other prohibited water uses as determined by the Director of Public Works, or his designee, after notice to customers.

Yes
2 Expand Public Information Campaign Percentage 5% Community Outreach and Messaging (Expand Public Information Campaign to Shortage Level 2 Protocols) No 2 Water Features - Restrict water use for
decorative water features, such as fountains
Percentage 1% Limits on filling ornamental lakes or ponds: Filling or re-filling ornamental lakes or ponds is prohibited, except to the extent needed to sustain aquatic life, provided that such animals are of significant value and have been actively managed within the water feature prior to declaration of a supply shortage level under this chapter.

No
2 Other water feature or swimming pool
restriction
Percentage 2% Limits on filling residential swimming pools and spas: Re-filling of more than 1 foot and initial filling of residential swimming pools or outdoor spas with potable water is prohibited.

Yes
2 Landscape - Limit landscape irrigation to
specific days
Percentage 10% Limits on watering days: Watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape or other vegetated area with potable water is limited to three days per week during the months of April through October. During the months of November through March, watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape or other vegetated area with potable water is limited to no more than two days per week. This provision does not apply to landscape irrigation zones that exclusively use very low flow drip type irrigation systems when no emitter produces more than two gallons of water per hour. This provision also does not apply to watering or irrigating by use of a hand-held bucket or similar container, a hand-held hose equipped with a positive self-closing water shut-off nozzle or device, or for very short periods of time for the express purpose of adjusting or repairing an irrigation system.

Yes
2 Other - Customers must repair leaks, breaks,
and malfunctions in a timely manner
Percentage 2% Obligation to fix leaks, breaks or malfunctions: All leaks, breaks, or other malfunctions in the water user's plumbing or distribution system must be repaired within 48 hours of notification by the City unless other arrangements are made with the City.

Yes
2 Other Percentage Other prohibited uses: The City may implement other prohibited water uses as determined by the City, after notice to customers. Yes 3 Expand Public Information Campaign Percentage 5% Community Outreach and Messaging (Expand Public Information Campaign to Shortage Level 3 Protocols) No 3 Other Percentage 5% Reporting mechanism—hotline: The City may establish a water waste hotline for residents to report violations of this chapter. Yes 3 Landscape - Other landscape restriction or
prohibition
Percentage 3% Large landscape areas—rain sensors: Large landscape areas, such as parks, cemeteries, golf courses, school grounds, and playing fields, that use landscape irrigation systems to water or irrigate, must use landscape irrigation systems with rain sensors that automatically shut off such systems during periods of rain or irrigation timers which automatically use information such as evapotranspiration sensors to set an efficient water use schedule.

No
3 Landscape - Limit landscape irrigation to
specific days
Percentage 10% Limits on watering days: Watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape or other vegetated area with potable water is limited to 2 days per week during the months of April through October. During the months of November through March, watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape or other vegetated area with potable water is limited to no more than 1 day per week. This provision does not apply to landscape irrigation zones that exclusively use very low flow drip type irrigation systems when no emitter produces more than 2 gallons of water per hour. This provision also does not apply to watering or irrigating by use of a hand-held bucket or similar container, a hand-held hose equipped with a positive self-closing water shut-off nozzle or device, or for very short periods of time for the express purpose of adjusting or repairing an irrigation system.

Yes
3 Other - Customers must repair leaks, breaks,
and malfunctions in a timely manner
Percentage 2% Obligation to fix leaks, breaks or malfunctions: All leaks, breaks, or other malfunctions in the water user's plumbing or distribution system must be repaired immediately upon notification by the City unless other arrangements are made with the City.

Yes
3 Other Percentage Other prohibited uses: The City may implement other prohibited water uses as determined by the City, after notice to customers. Yes 598
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Submittal Table 8-3 Retail: Demand Reduction Actions
Water Code Section 10632(a)(4)(B) and (E)
Yes Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) Shortage
Level
Demand Reduction Actions
Drop down list
These are the only categories that will be
accepted by the WUEdata online submittal
tool. Select those that apply.

How much is this going to reduce the shortage gap?
Additional Explanation or Reference
(OPTIONAL)
Penalty, Charge, or
Other Enforcement?
For Retail Suppliers
Only
Drop Down List
Volume or
Percentage
Drop down
Shortage Gap Reduction Value
(May be a range)
(AF)
Add additional rows as needed
4 Expand Public Information Campaign Percentage 5% Community Outreach and Messaging (Expand Public Information Campaign to Shortage Level 4 Protocols) No 4 Other Percentage 1% Retrofits upon sale or transfer: No structure shall be sold or transferred unless all existing plumbing fixtures in the structure are retrofitted exclusively with water-conserving plumbing fixtures.

No
4 Other Percentage 3% Water recycling required if alternative available: The use of potable water, other than recycled water, is prohibited for specified uses after the City has provided to the customer an analysis showing that recycled water is a cost-effective alternative to potable water for such uses and the customer has had a reasonable time, as determined by the City Manager, to make the conversion to recycled water.

No
4 Other Percentage 1% Change in service: Upon the establishment of new water service or a change in water service from one person to another non-family member, all existing plumbing fixtures are required to be retrofitted exclusively with water-conserving plumbing fixtures.

No
4 Other Percentage 1% Limits of building permits: The City may limit or withhold the issuance of building permits which require new or expanded water service, except to protect the public health, safety and welfare.

No
4 Landscape - Limit landscape irrigation to
specific days
Percentage 10% Watering days: Watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape or other vegetated area with potable water is limited to one day per week during the months of April through October. During the months of November through March, watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape or other vegetated area with potable water is limited to no more than one day per week. This provision does not apply to landscape irrigation zones that exclusively use very low flow drip type irrigation systems when no emitter produces more than 2 gallons of water per hour. This provision also does not apply to watering or irrigating by use of a hand-held bucket or similar container, a hand-held hose equipped with a positive self-closing water shut-off nozzle or device, or for very short periods of time for the express purpose of adjusting or repairing an irrigation system.

Yes
5 Expand Public Information Campaign Percentage 5% Community Outreach and Messaging (Expand Public Information Campaign to Shortage Level 5 Protocols) No 5 Other Percentage 2% City conservation reports: Upon request of the City Manager, City Departments must prepare and submit quarterly reports on their water conservation efforts. The reports will be consolidated by the City Manager and reported to the City Council at a minimum of once a year.

Yes
5 Landscape - Prohibit all landscape irrigation Percentage 10% No watering or irrigating: Watering or irrigating of lawn, landscape or other vegetated area with potable water is prohibited. Yes 5 Moratorium or Net Zero Demand Increase on
New Connections
Percentage 5% No new potable water service: No new potable water service will be provided, no new temporary meters or permanent meters will be provided, and no statement of immediate ability to serve or provide potable water service (such as, will serve letters, certificates, or letters of availability) will be issued, except under the following circumstances:

No
5 Other Percentage 5% Customer water conservation reports: The City may, by written request, require all commercial, residential and industrial customers using 25,000 or more billing units per year to submit a water conservation plan and to submit quarterly progress reports on such plan. The conservation plan must include recommendations for increased water savings, including increased water recycling based on feasibility, and the reports must include progress to date on implementation of such recommendations.

No
5 Other Percentage 1% Discontinue service: The City, in its sole discretion, may discontinue service to customers who willfully violate provisions of this section. No 6 Expand Public Information Campaign Percentage 5% Community Outreach and Messaging (Expand Public Information Campaign to Shortage Level 6 Protocols) Yes 6 Other Percentage 20% Water use for public health and safety purposes only. Yes 6 Other Percentage Other prohibited uses: The City may implement other prohibited water uses as determined by the City, after notice to customers. Yes DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3.

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CHAPTER 9 DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES
Over the past several decades, water use efficiency and conservation have evolved from voluntary best practices into core regulatory requirements shaping urban water management throughout California and Orange County. In response to recurring droughts, growing urban demand, and increasing competition for limited water supplies, the California Urban Water Conservation Council (CUWCC) was formed in 1991 to promote statewide cooperation on urban water conservation. Through the development and implementation of the CUWCC Best Management Practices (BMPs), water agencies established a consistent, voluntary framework for improving efficiency through locally tailored programs. This early foundation was later strengthened by legislative actions, most notably Senate Bill (SB) X7-7, the Water Conservation Act of 2009, which set enforceable urban water use reduction targets to cut per capita use by 20 percent by 2020 and required retail water suppliers to actively manage demand as part of long-term water planning. All Orange County water agencies came together to create the Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance and met compliance as a region. The City of Orange (City) also met compliance individually. These efforts reflected a growing recognition that efficient water use is essential to ensuring reliability amid population growth, limited supplies, and increasing climate variability.

Recurring drought conditions have further accelerated the pace and scale of conservation efforts in the last decade. The 2013–2014 drought prompted a statewide emergency response, culminating in an executive order mandating a 25 percent reduction in urban water use across California. All Orange County Water Agencies, including The City, met this reduction target as reported in Chapter 5 of this 2025 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP). More recently, the 2021–2022 drought reinforced the need for sustained efficiency gains and durable demand management strategies beyond temporary emergency actions. These regulatory and hydrologic drivers ultimately led to the passing and adoption of SB 606 and Assembly Bill (AB) 1668, the "Making Conservation a California Way of Life" legislation (passed in 2018 and adopted in 2024). The legislation establishes long-term water use objectives for individual water suppliers and reinforces conservation as a permanent element of water management. Together, these milestones underscore the necessity for the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC) and the City to implement comprehensive demand management measures and meet established urban water use reduction targets to ensure regional water supply resilience.

The goal of the Demand Management Measures (DMM) chapter is to provide a comprehensive description of the water use efficiency programs that the City has implemented in the most recent five years, is currently implementing, and plans to implement to meet its urban water use reduction targets.

Per the "Making California a Conservation Way of Life" Framework (Conservation Framework), each Urban Water Supplier is required to calculate and report their Urban Water Use Objective (UWUO) and to stay within their calculated annual water budget. The UWUO is an aggregate efficient water use of:
 Indoor Residential Use (population x gallons per capita per day [GPCD] standard).  Outdoor Residential Use (measurements of irrigated/irrigable area, local weather data, and a landscape efficiency factor).
 Outdoor Use with Dedicated Irrigation Meters (measurements of irrigated area, local weather data, and a landscape efficiency factor).
 Distribution System Water Losses.
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 Approved Variances.
 Potable Reuse Bonus.

Additionally, the Conservation Framework includes commercial, industrial, and institutional (CII) non-volumetric Performance Measures, including CII customer account classifications, thresholds for converting CII mixed-use meters (MUMs) irrigating over half an acre of landscape to dedicated irrigation meters (DIMs) or in lieu technologies, CII BMPs, and identification of and information sharing with disclosable buildings.

One of the City's top priorities since the adoption of the "Making California a Conservation Way of Life" Framework has been to make progress toward compliance with the Conservation Framework. This chapter will describe the City's DMM activities, including those administered by its wholesaler and supplemental programs administered locally at the retail level.

9.1 City of Orange Demand Management Measures
This section describes the specific DMMs performed by the City, including DMMS offered in partnership with MWDOC, its wholesale supplier, to encourage water conservation within its service area. Table 9.1 summarizes DMM implementation by the City as well as the responsibilities of MWDOC.

Table 9.1 DMM Implementation Responsibility and Regional Programs in Orange County Efficiency Measure Responsibility of: MWDOC Regional
Program and
Activities Retailer MWDOC as a
Wholesaler
Operations Practices
Wholesale Agency Assistance Programs -  
Conservation Pricing   
Conservation Coordinator   
Water Waste Prevention  - 
Water Loss Control
(System Water Audits, Leak Detection and Repair)
 (1) 
Metering with Commodity Rates  (1) (1)
Education and Outreach
Public Outreach Programs   
K-20 Water Education Initiatives and K-12 School Programs    OC Scouts Boy Scouts of America (BSA) and OC Girl Scouts Programs
  
Water Awareness Poster Contest   
Water Energy Education Alliance   
Qualified Water Efficient Landscaper (QWEL) Training Program    Residential Indoor Implementation
Residential Indoor Rebates  - 
Flow Monitor Device Rebates  - 
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Efficiency Measure Responsibility of: MWDOC Regional
Program and
Activities Retailer MWDOC as a
Wholesaler
Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Implementation Water Savings Incentive Program  - 
On-site Retrofit Program  - 
CII Indoor Rebates
(High Efficiency Toilets and Urinals, Plumbing Flow Control Valves, Connectionless Food Steamers, Air-cooled Ice
Machines, Food Defrosters, Cooling Tower Conductivity
Controllers and pH Controllers, Dry Vacuum Pumps, Laminar Flow Restrictors)
 - 
Landscape Programs
Turf Replacement Program (including Tree Rebate)  - 
Spray-to-Drip Irrigation Rebate Program  - 
Landscape Rebates
(Smart Timers, High Efficiency Sprinkler Nozzles, Large Rotary Nozzles, In-stem Flow Regulators)
 - 
Residential Landscape Design Assistance Program  - 
Notes:
(1) MWDOC does not own or operate a distribution system; water wholesaled by MWDOC is delivered through the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET) distribution system and meters.

9.1.1 Operations Practices

9.1.1.1 Wholesale Agency Assistance Programs
MWDOC's Assistance Programs are described in Section 9.3.

9.1.1.2 Conservation Pricing
The entirety of the City is metered, and this method is used to determine consumption per connection.

The City promotes conservation through a three-tiered increasing block pricing structure, which became effective in 2001. The water rate structure contains a fixed service capacity charge based on meter size and promotes water conservation via an increasing tiered block commodity rate structure. The water structure includes three rate tiers for residential and commercial customers. The current rates became effective January 1, 2025, with tier allocations shown in Table 9.2. 602
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Table 9.2 City of Orange Water Rates
Water Rates Effective January 1, 2025
Tier Units of Water (1 Unit = 100 cubic feet) Unit Rate Single Family Dwellings
1 0-23 $3.53
2 24-42 $3.67
3 43+ $3.85
Multi-Unit Family Dwellings
1 0-15 $3.52
2 16-19 $3.60
3 20+ $3.67
Other
Agricultural $3.78
Commercial $3.67
Construction $3.78

9.1.1.3 Conservation Coordinator
The City does not directly employ a water conservation coordinator. MWDOC provides this service on behalf of the City on an as-needed basis. Communication regarding regional water use efficiency programs and policies is directed to the Water Manager, who assigns appropriate resources based upon staffing and budgetary opportunities. The City's Engineering Staff also shares in the water conservation program responsibilities. Funding for these activities is included in the City's operations and maintenance (O&M) budget.

9.1.1.4 Water Waste Prevention Ordinances
The City Council adopted the Water Conservation and Supply Shortage Program Ordinance No. 5-14 in 2014. Ordinance No. 5-14 establishes permanent water conservation requirements and prohibitions against waste that are effective at all times and are not dependent upon a water shortage for implementation, as follows:
 Limits on watering hours.
 Limit on watering duration.
 No excessive water flow or runoff.
 No washing down hard or paved surfaces.
 Obligation to fix leaks, breaks, or malfunctions.
 Re-circulating water required for water fountains and decorative water features.  No installation of single pass cooling systems.
 No installation of non-recirculating water systems in commercial car wash and laundry systems.  Limits on washing vehicles.
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On October 13, 2021, the City Council introduced and conducted First Reading of Ordinance No. 16-21, an Ordinance of the City Council of the City of Orange removing Chapter 7.02 of the Orange Municipal Code (the Water Conservation and Water Supply Shortage Program) and adopting new Chapter 7.02 (the Water Shortage Contingency Response Ordinance). In the event of a water supply shortage, the ordinance further establishes six levels of water supply shortage response actions to be implemented during times of declared water shortage or declared water shortage emergency, with increasing restrictions on water use in response to worsening drought or emergency conditions and decreasing supplies. The provisions and water conservation measures to be implemented in response to each shortage level are described in the City's Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP).

In May 2022, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 11392 declaring a Level 2 water supply shortage as defined in the City's WSCP due to the statewide drought conditions. Once water supply conditions improved, the City rescinded Resolution No. 11392, effective May 1, 2023.

9.1.1.5 Water Loss Control
SB 555, signed into law in 2015, requires urban water suppliers to submit annual, validated water loss audit reports to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR). Water auditing is the basis for effective water loss control. DWR's UWMP Guidebook includes a water audit manual intended to help water utilities complete the AWWA Water Audit on an annual basis. Audits must be validated by a certified water auditor to ensure accuracy.

A Water Loss Audit was completed for the City, which identified areas for improvement and quantified total loss. Based on the data presented, the three priority areas identified were customer metering inaccuracies, billed metered, and water imported. Multiple criteria are a part of each validity score, and a system-wide approach will need to be implemented for the City's improvement. The City completes a system water audit to calculate water losses on an annual basis. Expressing water loss audit results in terms of Real Losses per Service Connection per Day allows for standardized comparison across MWDOC retailer agencies and is a metric consistent with the Water Board's forthcoming economic model. The City responds to leaks, hydrant knockoffs, and other emergencies on a 24-hour basis. Standby crews repair all leaks quickly and efficiently to minimize losses. From time to time, the City surveys specific neighborhoods for leak detection. Additionally, the City is part of the MWDOC leak detection program and has an ongoing program to replace deteriorated and substandard pipelines and service lines. The City also has a valve and hydrant program where all valves in the system are exercised and maintained at regular intervals. This facilitates prompt shut-offs for repairs when necessary and minimizes water losses.

9.1.1.6 Metering
The City understands that meters are an important component of effective water measurement and management. The City does not have any unmetered service connections, and all new service connections are metered and billed by volume of use. The City has a meter replacement and calibration program to replace small meters as they are identified for repair. The City is in the process of replacing all meters with Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), with over 35 percent of meters changed over as of December 2025.
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9.1.2 Public Education and Outreach
The City implements several public education and outreach measures, including the programs administered by MWDOC, its wholesale supplier. The City develops, coordinates, and delivers a substantial amount of public information, education, and outreach programs aimed at elevating water agency and consumer awareness and understanding of current water issues, as well as efficient water use and water-saving practices, sound policy, and water reliability investments that are in the best interest of the region. These efforts encourage good water stewardship that benefits all of the City's residents, businesses, and industries across all demographics. An outline of the City's public education initiatives is below.

9.1.2.1 K-20 Water Education Initiatives and K-12 School Programs Over the past several years, MWDOC's investment in K-20 water education has significantly grown, evolving to include programs and activities that support environmental literacy for all Orange County students. The effort has expanded beyond K-12 water education programs to include career and workforce development initiatives in higher education through the Water Energy Education Alliance (WEEA), described in more detail in Section 9.1.2.4.

MWDOC's K-12 Water Education School Programs bring standards-aligned, engaging water lessons directly into classrooms and connect water to every part of students' lives. All elementary, middle, and high school programs meet California State Standards and Next Generation Science Standards, providing students with high-quality, relevant learning experiences that build both academic and real-world understanding. This includes a Grab-and-Go Water Activities program, developed in partnership with the Orange County Department of Education, that provides free, self-guided water activities for K-12 teachers, parents, and students.

Figure 9.1 City of Orange Water Camp
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9.1.2.2 OC Scouts Boy Scouts of America (BSA) and OC Girl Scouts Programs The City, in partnership with MWDOC, hosts multiple water education workshops each year to help Scouts BSA earn the Soil & Water Conservation Merit Badge and Girl Scouts earn the MWDOC Water Resources & Conservation Patch. These hands-on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) clinics teach children of all ages where their water comes from, how to use water more efficiently, and how all life depends on the health and security of our natural resources, fostering water awareness and responsibility through fun, activity-based learning.

9.1.2.3 Water Awareness Poster Contest
The City participates in MWDOC's annual Water Awareness Poster Contest, offered for students in grades K-12. The Poster Contest presents children with an opportunity to use their artistic talents to express the importance and value of water through artwork. Each year, hundreds of entries are collected from students and classrooms across the county, and from these entries, 40 winners are selected.

9.1.2.4 Water Energy Education Alliance (WEEA)
The Water Energy Education Alliance (WEEA) unites over 260 water, energy, and education leaders across the state to build and strengthen career pathways for all California students. Administered and led by the MWDOC, WEEA is comprised of a powerful statewide coalition of education leaders, workforce advocates, and industry experts to raise student awareness, forge strong partnerships, and cultivate a diverse, highly skilled talent pipeline. By connecting students with high-impact opportunities, WEEA is shaping a workforce that fuels industry success, enhances worker well-being, and ensures a resilient, thriving California.

9.1.2.5 Qualified Water Efficient Landscaper (QWEL) Training Program Since 2018, MWDOC, along with the City, has offered free Qualified Water Efficient Landscaper (QWEL) certification classes designed for landscape professionals. Classes are open to any city staff, professional landscaper, water district employee, or maintenance personnel who would like to become a Qualified Water Efficient Landscaper. The QWEL certification program provides 20 hours of instruction on water efficient areas of expertise such as local water supply, sustainable landscaping, soil types, irrigation systems, and maintenance, as well as irrigation controller scheduling and programming. QWEL has received recognition from EPA WaterSense for continued promotion of water use efficiency. To earn the QWEL certification, class participants must demonstrate their ability to perform an irrigation audit as well as pass the QWEL exam. Successful graduates will be listed as a Certified Professional on the WaterSense website as well as on MWDOC's landscape resources page, to encourage Turf Removal participants or those making any landscape improvements to hire a QWEL-certified professional.

Started in December 2020, a hybrid version of QWEL is available in conjunction with the California Landscape Contractors Association's Water Management Certification Program. This joint effort allows the landscape industry an opportunity to obtain two nationally recognized EPA WaterSense Professional Certifications with one course and one written test. This option is offered through MET. 606
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9.1.3 Residential Indoor Rebate Programs
The City partners with MWDOC to implement residential measures that target indoor water use efficiency for single-family and multifamily residential customers.

9.1.3.1 High Efficiency Clothes Washer and Toilet Rebate Programs The High Efficiency Clothes Washer (HECW) Rebate Program provides residential customers with rebates starting at $85 for purchasing and installing HECWs that use 35 to 50 percent less water than standard washer models. Devices must meet or exceed the Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) Tier 1 Standard, and a listing of qualified products can be found at ocwatersmart.com. There is a maximum of one rebate per home.

The Premium High Efficiency Toilet (HET) Rebate Program offers residential customers rebates starting at $40 for replacing their toilets using 1.6 gallons per flush (gpf) with Premium HETs. Premium HETs use just

1.1 gallons of water or less per flush, which is 20 percent less water than WaterSense standard toilets.

9.1.3.2 Flow Monitor Device Pilot
This pilot program provides rebates starting at $100, or more in select areas, per flow monitor device installed. These devices monitor a home's water use and can help detect leaks, making them a proactive tool for preventing expensive water bills and water damage due to unforeseen leaks. A list of residential rebate-eligible flow monitoring devices is provided.

9.1.4 CII Programs
The City provides a variety of financial incentives, in partnership with MWDOC, to help businesses, restaurants, institutions, hotels, hospitals, industrial facilities, and public sector sites achieve their efficiency goals. Water users in these sectors have options to choose from a standardized list of water-efficient equipment/devices or may complete customized projects through a pay-for-performance model, where the incentive is proportional to the amount of water saved. Such projects include high-efficiency commercial equipment installation and manufacturing process improvements.

9.1.4.1 Water Savings Incentive Program
The Water Savings Incentive Program (WSIP) is designed for non-residential customers to improve their water efficiency through upgraded equipment or services that do not qualify for standard rebates. WSIP is unique because it provides an incentive based on the actual amount of water saved by the customers.

This "pay-for-performance" design lets customers implement custom projects for their sites. The City partners with MWDOC and MET to offer this program.

Projects must save at least 10 MG of water to qualify for the Program, and incentives are paid by MET based on the amount of water saved. Payment amount is up to $0.60 per 1,000 gallons saved per year over the project life, up to a maximum of 10 years. Payments are limited to 50 percent of the eligible project costs while funding is available. Additional funding may be available through MWDOC, but it is limited. Examples of successful projects include, but are not limited to, changing industrial process system water to capture and reuse process wastewater, capturing condensation, and using it to supplement cooling tower water supply, and replacing water-using equipment with more efficient products. 607
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9.1.4.2 Recycled Water On-site Retrofit Program
Through the Recycled Water On-site Retrofit Program, the City, in partnership with MWDOC and MET, offers incentives for CII properties to convert potable water irrigation or industrial systems to recycled water. Financial incentives of up to $1,950 per acre-foot of potable water saved are available for the customer-side on the meter retrofits. Projects may also be eligible for up to an additional $325 per acre-foot of annual water savings from MWDOC. Recycled water conversion projects can help to ensure a more reliable water future for Orange County.

9.1.4.3 CII Rebates
The City offers additional financial incentives under the SoCal Water$mart Rebate Program, which offers rebates for various water-efficient devices to CII customers. Core funding is provided by MET, and supplemental funding is sourced from MWDOC via grant funds and/or retail water agencies. Devices include High Efficiency Toilets and Urinals, Plumbing Flow Control Valves, Connectionless Food Steamers, Air-cooled Ice Machines, Food Defrosters, Cooling Tower Conductivity Controllers and pH Controllers, Dry Vacuum Pumps, and Laminar Flow Restrictors.

9.1.5 Landscape Programs
Some of the most active and effective water use efficiency programs the City provides are those that target the reduction of outdoor water use. With a large proportion of water consumed outdoors via landscape demands, this sector has been and will continue to be a focus for MWDOC and the City.

9.1.5.1 Turf Replacement Program
The Orange County Turf Replacement Program offers incentives to replace existing turf grass with California-native, drought-tolerant plants and landscaping. Residential, commercial, and public properties in the City's service area are all eligible for this program. The goals of this program are to increase water use efficiency through sustainable landscaping practices that result in multi-benefit projects across Orange County. Participants are encouraged to utilize smart irrigation timers, and furthermore, projects are required to include a stormwater capture feature, such as a rain garden or dry stream bed, and have a minimum of three plants per 100 square feet to increase plant density and promote healthy soils. These projects save water and reduce dry and wet weather runoff, increase urban biomass, and sequester more carbon than turf landscapes.

Additionally, MWDOC is piloting a tree program that allows eligible trees to qualify as a sustainability feature in Turf Replacement projects. Beginning March 4, 2024, Turf Replacement Program participants became eligible for an additional incentive for planting trees as part of their Turf Replacement project.

Participants can receive up to $100 per tree, for up to 5 trees ($500), in addition to the Turf Replacement rebate. The pilot goals include increasing the presence of trees in Turf Replacement projects and breaking down barriers to participation. It is anticipated that the pilot will be evaluated in 2026.

9.1.5.2 Spray-to-Drip Rebate Program
The Spray to Drip Rebate Program offers residential, commercial, and public agency customers rebates for converting areas irrigated by traditional high-precipitation rate spray heads to low-precipitation rate drip irrigation. Drip irrigation systems are extremely water-efficient. Rather than spraying wide areas subject to 608
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wind drift, overspray, and runoff, drip systems use point emitters to deliver water to specific locations at or near plant root zones. Water drips slowly from the emitters either onto the soil surface or belowground. As a result, less water is lost to wind, evaporation, overspray, saving water, and reducing irrigation runoff and non-point source pollution. The City partners with MWDOC to provide $1 per square foot of conversion area when replaced with eligible drip irrigation products.

9.1.5.3 SoCal Water$mart Rebate Program for Landscape
The City also offers financial incentives under the SoCal Water$mart Rebate Program for a variety of water-efficient landscape devices, such as Smart Irrigation Timers and Central Computer Irrigation Controllers, large rotary nozzles and rotating sprinkler nozzles, soil moisture sensors, irrigation master valves, and in-stem flow regulators.

9.1.5.4 Landscape Design Assistance Rebate
This program is offered for residential customers who are participating in the turf replacement program and are seeking professional design services. Participants must hire a landscape design professional to provide a design that meets the rebate eligible design requirements. Participants will receive up to $1,000 upon completion of their turf replacement project if they have used a professional designer.

9.2 City of Orange DMM Implementation (2020-2025)
During the past five years, FY 2020-21 to 2024-25, the City, with the assistance of MWDOC, has continued water use efficiency programs for its residential, CII, and landscape customers, with the participation shown in Table 9-3. The City will continue to implement all applicable programs in the next five years.

Table 9.3 City of Orange Water Use Efficiency Program Participation Program FY 20/21 FY 21/22 FY 22/23 FY 23/24 FY 24/25
High Efficiency Clothes Washer (HECW) 90 49 45 42 26
High Efficiency Toilets (HETs) 6 2 1 24 3
Flow Monitoring Devices (FMD) -- 3 7 5 9
Commercial Plumbing Fixtures (CII) 2 0 359 151 0
Water Savings Incentives Projects (WSIP) 0 0 0 0 0
Turf Replacement (Res.) 15,343 22,783 50,016 41,474 12,794 Turf Replacement (Comm.) 0 2,816 102,170 8,807 66,221
Landscape Design Rebate Program (LDAP) 16 22 22 10 0
Landscape Design Rebate Program (LMAP) 3 3 6 6 0
Spray-to-Drip (Res.) 1,927 6,426 27,414 42,171 9,702
Spray-to-Drip (Comm.) 0 72,290 28,224 0 43,373
Rotating Nozzles (Small Res.) 30 0 184 96 38
Rotating Nozzles (Small Comm.) 0 0 0 0 0
Rotating Nozzles (Large Comm.) 0 0 0 0 0
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Program FY 20/21 FY 21/22 FY 22/23 FY 23/24 FY 24/25
Smart Timers (Res.) 95 39 47 53 28
Smart Timers (Comm.) 2 12 0 16 0
Rain Barrels 2 6 5 11 3
Recycled Water Onsite Retrofits 0 0 0 0 0

9.3 MWDOC Demand Management Implementation Assistance
Programs
To help facilitate implementation of DMMs throughout Orange County, MWDOC's wholesale efforts focus on the following three areas: (1) State Water Conservation Compliance Assistance (e.g., Conservation Framework and Non-Functional Turf); (2) Regional Rebate Programs and Local Program Assistance; and (3) Research and Evaluation. This both complies with and goes beyond the Foundational BMPs of Utility Operations Programs requirements.

9.3.1 State Water Conservation Compliance Assistance
To support Orange County retailers with compliance of SB 606 and AB 1668, MWDOC is providing multi-level support to assist agencies in meeting the primary goals of the legislation, including to use water more wisely and to eliminate water waste. Beginning in 2023, urban water suppliers were required to calculate and report their annual UWUO, submit validated water audits annually, and implement and report BMP CII performance measures.

MWDOC offers Orange County water suppliers a "Conservation Framework Technical Assistance Program (TAP)" and "Meter Area Measurements Program" to assist them with compliance with the Conservation Framework.

9.3.1.1 Conservation Framework Technical Assistance Program (TAP) This program provides Orange County water suppliers with support on tasks that are required as part of the Conservation Framework. An agency may opt in to receive support with any of the following:
 Readiness Assessment - perform a retailer-specific readiness assessment, including task recommendations and pricing to help retail agencies understand what areas need to be addressed.  Conservation Framework Compliance Plan - create a customized Framework Compliance Plan that outlines (1) what the retailer needs to do to prepare for compliance; and (2) what needs to be implemented to achieve the water savings necessary to comply with the Urban Water Use Objective.  Annual Report Compilation and Data Management - support the retailer with Annual Report preparation and assistance; and organize and manage data needed to comply with the reporting requirements of the Regulation.
 CII Account Classification - classify CII customer accounts according to the Regulation requirements and create a guidance plan to keep classifications at 95 percent (or higher).  CII BMPs and In-Lieu Technologies Implementation Plan - create a customized implementation plan mapping compliance with the Conservation Framework regulation, including the CII BMP 610
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requirements of §974, the in-lieu technologies and accompanying BMP requirements in §973, and disclosable buildings requirements in §974a.
 Miscellaneous Framework Technical Assistance - various activities such as:
» Development of Development of metrics and annual targets to demonstrate progress. » Additional training or technical support.
» Workshop or webinar facilitation to spur cross-team collaborations. » Develop outreach and engagement plans and implement meetings to support engagement of internal and external collaborators.

9.3.1.2 Meter Area Measurements Program
The Program assists Orange County water supplier in providing (1) landscape area measurements (LAM) associated with dedicated irrigation meters (DIMs), which may include the creation of water efficiency budgets for dedicated landscape meter customers; (2) identification of mixed-use CII meters (MUMs) irrigating landscapes greater than half acre and subject to the regulation; and (3) reconciliation of DIM and residential LAMs where areas may overlap.

9.3.2 Regional Rebate Programs and Local Program Assistance MWDOC develops, obtains funding for, and implements regional water savings rebate programs on behalf of all retail water agencies in Orange County, such as the Turf Replacement Program. This approach minimizes confusion for consumers by providing the same programs with the same participation guidelines, maintains a consistent message to the public to use water efficiently, and provides support to retail water agencies by acting as program administrators for the region. As a leader of water efficiency in Orange County, MWDOC provides a holistic suite of programs that are accessible to all consumer groups in the region. When requested, MWDOC also assists retail agencies in developing and implementing local programs within their service areas. This assistance includes collaboration with each retail agency to design a program that fits that agency's local needs, including providing staffing, targeting customer classes, acquiring grant funding from a variety of sources, and implementing, marketing, reporting, and evaluating the program.

On behalf of its member agencies, MWDOC also organizes and provides the following:
 Monthly coordinator meetings.
 Marketing materials.
 Public speaking.
 Community events.

9.3.3 Research and Evaluation
An essential part of MWDOC's regional water use efficiency program is the ongoing research and evaluation of both existing and potential initiatives. Research allows an agency to measure the water savings benefits of a specific program and compare those benefits to the costs of implementing the program. This allows the agency to evaluate the economic feasibility of the program when compared to other efficiency projects or existing or potential sources of supply, before investing in new initiatives or 611
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continuing to implement existing programs. MWDOC routinely conducts statistical water savings (impact) evaluations and process evaluations to guide strategic investment and ensure the effective management of its regional water use efficiency programs.

From 2021 to 2025, MWDOC conducted several research initiatives to support informed decision-making.

In partnership with Flume Data Labs, MWDOC completed its Residential End Use Study in 2021, with subsequent updates in 2022 and 2024. This study provided detailed insights into disaggregated residential indoor and outdoor water use, significantly enhancing the understanding of water use patterns across Orange County. In 2023, MWDOC released its Potential and Opportunities study, which quantified the remaining water savings potential in the Orange County residential market, identified the most promising and cost-effective methods for reducing residential demand, and made recommendations on how best to direct financial and technical assistance to Retail Agencies and consumers for implementing residential water efficiency upgrades.

To assess the economic impact of the Conservation Framework, MWDOC worked with M.Cubed and, in 2023, published the Draft Water Use Efficiency Standards Economic Analysis: Impact Assessment of State-Mandated Urban Water Use Objectives. MWDOC continues to evaluate the impact of the regulation and Orange County retailer compliance.

Additionally, MWDOC is piloting a tree program that allows eligible trees to qualify as a sustainability feature in Turf Replacement projects. Pilot goals include increasing the presence of trees in Turf Replacement projects and breaking down barriers to participation. It is anticipated that the pilot will be evaluated in 2026. A pilot research program investigating water savings associated with the replacement of broken pressure regulating valves at residential homes wrapped up in 2025. The results of this study are expected in 2027.

9.4 Urban Water Use Objective and CII Performance Measure Compliance
A large focus for the City is to implement DMMs that will help them to meet the requirements of the Conservation Framework. DMMs described in this chapter may help to support member agencies with meeting their required UWUO and achieving CII Performance Measure Compliance. In addition, MWDOC provides support to agencies to assist with the calculation of UWUOs and compliance with CII Performance measures via the Meter Area Measurement and TAP Programs, as described in Section 9.3.

9.4.1 UWUO Components
Table 9.4 describes MWDOC's programs that will assist agencies in meeting their UWUO, through both direct measures (programs/activities that result in directly quantifiable water savings) and indirect measures (programs that provide resources promoting water efficiencies to the public that are impactful but not directly measurable). Additionally, MWDOC provides technical assistance to support water suppliers with compliance.
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Table 9.4 MWDOC Programs to Help OC Retail Agencies Meet their Urban Water Use Objectives UWUO Component Calculation Program Impact
Indoor Residential Population and GPCD
standard
Direct Impact:
 High efficiency indoor fixtures
and appliance rebates.

Direct Impact:
 Increased indoor residential
efficiencies and reductions of
GPCD use.

Outdoor
Residential
Irrigated/irrigable area
measurement and a
landscape efficiency
factor of local ETo and
effective precipitation
Direct Impact:
 Turf Replacement.
 High efficiency irrigation
rebates.

Indirect Impact:
 Online resources such as OC
Friendly Gardens Webpage.
 Educational classes.

Direct Impact:
 Increase outdoor residential
efficiencies and reductions of
gallons per square foot of
irrigated/ irrigable area used.

Indirect Impact:
 Provide information, resources,
and education to promote
efficiencies in the landscape.

Outdoor Dedicated
Irrigation Meters
Irrigated area
measurement and a
landscape efficiency
factor of local ETo and
effective precipitation
Technical Assistance:
 DIM landscape classification
and measurement.

Direct Impact:
 Turf Replacement.
 High efficiency irrigation
rebates.

Indirect Impact:
 OC Friendly Gardens
Webpage.
 Educational training and
resources.

Technical Assistance:
 Classification and measurement
of landscapes associated with
DIMs are required to complete
the calculation.

Direct Impact:
 Increase outdoor residential
efficiencies and reductions of
gallons per square foot
of
irrigated/ irrigable area used.

Indirect Impact:
 Provide information, resources,
and education to promote
landscape efficiencies.

Water Loss Agency-specific loss
factor and number of
connections
Technical Assistance:
 Water Balance Validation.
 Customer Meter Accuracy
Testing.
 Distribution System Pressure
Surveys.

Direct Impact:
 Distribution System Leak
Detection.

Technical Assistance:
 The accuracy of the water loss
audit is validated for submission
to the State.

Direct Impact:
 Identify areas of the distribution
system that need repair,
replacement, or other actions to
limit water loss.

Bonus Incentives Volume of indirect
potable reuse water
applied to residential
and DIM irrigation uses;
not to exceed 15% of
UWUO
Direct Impact:
 Groundwater replenishment
system (GWRS).

Direct Impact:
 The GWRS (run by OCWD)
recharges the groundwater basin
with purified, highly treated
wastewater, allowing OCWD-
member agencies to access
indirect potable reuse.
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9.4.2 CII Performance Measures
Urban water supplies are required to report BMPs for CII customers. The City, in partnership with MWDOC, offers a wide variety of programs and incentives to help CII customers implement BMPs and increase their water efficiencies (Table 9.5).

Table 9.5 City of Orange CII BMP and Water Efficiency Programs and Incentives Component Requirement Program Offered Impact
CII Customer Account
Classifications
Classify each CII water user,
based on the end-use of
water for the water user, in
accordance with Energy Star
Portfolio Manager's 18 broad
categories, in addition to 4
other categories.

Technical Assistance:
 CII Customer Account
Classification.

Technical Assistance:
 Classify customer
accounts according to the
specified categories to
comply with the
regulation.

Large Landscape
Identification
Identify all CII water users
associated with large
landscapes – landscapes
irrigated with a mixed-use
meter greater than half an
acre
Technical Assistance:
 Large Landscape
identification.

Technical Assistance:
 Identify and map
landscapes associated
with MUM landscapes
that are greater than half
an acre to comply with
the regulation.

Best Management
Practices (BMPs)
Offer CII BMPs for customers
that exceed the
recommended size, volume of
water use, or another
threshold
Technical Assistance:
 BMP Implementation
Plan.

Technical Assistance:
 Provide a BMP
Implementation Plan to
guide water suppliers with
a roadmap to compliance
with the regulation.

Disclosable Buildings Identify disclosable buildings
in the service area according
to the list provided by the
California Energy
Commission
Technical Assistance:
 Disclosable buildings list.

Technical Assistance:
 Provide the California
Energy Commission list of
disclosable buildings by
water supplier to comply
with the regulation.

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CHAPTER 10 PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, AND

IMPLEMENTATION
The Water Code requires the Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) to be adopted by the City of Orange's (City) governing body. Before the adoption, the City must hold a public hearing allowing members of the public to provide input on the UWMP. Prior to the public hearing, the City must notify the public and surrounding cities, counties, and water agencies within its service area of the scheduled public hearing. Upon completion of the public hearing, the City's governing body shall vote to adopt the UWMP.

Post adoption, the City submits the UWMP to the Department of Water Resources (DWR) while also making it available for public access.

This section provides a record of the process the City followed to adopt and implement its UWMP.

10.1 Overview
Recognizing that close coordination among other relevant public agencies is key to the success of its UWMP. The City also encouraged public involvement through its public review and hearing process, which provided residents with an opportunity to learn and ask questions about their water supply management and reliability. Through the public hearing, the public has an opportunity to comment and put forward any suggestions for revisions of the Plan.

Table 10.1 summarizes external coordination and outreach activities carried out by the City and their corresponding dates. The UWMP checklist to confirm compliance with the Water Code is provided in Appendix A.

Table 10.1 External Coordination and Outreach
External Coordination and Outreach Date Reference
Notified city or county within supplier's service area that water supplier is preparing an updated UWMP (at least 60 days prior to public hearing) 2/13/2026 Appendix I
Public Hearing Notice 5/26/2026 &
6/2/2026
Appendix I
Held Public Hearing 6/9/2026
Adopted UWMP and WSCP 6/9/2026 Appendix J
Submitted UWMP to DWR (no later than 30 days after adoption) 7/1/2026 Submitted UWMP to the California State Library (no later than 30 days after adoption)
7/1/2026
Submitted UWMP to the cities and county within the supplier's service area (no later than 30 days after adoption)
7/1/2026
Notes:

UWMP - Urban Water Management Plan; WSCP - Water Shortage Contingency Plan This UWMP was adopted by the City Council on June 9, 2026. A copy of the adopted resolution is provided in Appendix J.
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10.2 Agency Coordination
The Water Code requires the Suppliers preparing UWMPs to notify any city or county within their service area at least 60 days prior to the public hearing. As shown in Table 10.2, the City sent a Letter of Notification to the County of Orange and the cities within its service area on February 13, 2026, to state that it was in the process of preparing an updated UWMP. This notice of preparation is included in Appendix I.

Table 10.2 Submittal Table 10-1 Retail: Notification to Cities and Counties Submittal Table 10-1 Retail: Notification to Cities and Counties Water Code Section 10621(b) and 10642
City Name 60 Day Notice
Drop Down (yes/no)
Notice of Public Hearing
Drop Down (yes/no)
Add additional rows as needed
Anaheim Yes Yes
Garden Grove Yes Yes
Santa Ana Yes Yes
Tustin Yes Yes
Villa Park Yes Yes
EOCWD Yes Yes
IRWD Yes Yes
Serano WD Yes Yes
OCWD Yes Yes
MWDOC Yes Yes
County Name
Drop Down List
60 Day Notice
Drop Down (yes/no)
Notice of Public Hearing
Drop Down (yes/no)
Add additional rows as needed
Orange County Yes Yes
The City's water supply planning relates to the policies, rules, and regulations of its regional and local water providers. The City is dependent on imported water from Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET) through Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC), its regional wholesaler.

The City is also dependent on groundwater from Orange County Water District (OCWD), the agency that manages the Orange County Basin, and local surface water purchased from Serrano Water District (SWD).

As such, the City involved the relevant agencies in this 2025 UWMP at various levels of contribution as described below.

The City's 2025 UWMP leveraged data and regionally consistent analyses supplied by MWDOC, such as population projections from the California State University, Fullerton Center for Demographic Research, and the information quantifying water availability to meet the City's projected demands for the next 25 years, in 5-year increments. This 2025 UWMP was developed in collaboration with MWDOC's 2025 UWMP to ensure consistency between the two documents.

As a groundwater producer who relies on supplies from the OCWD-managed Orange County Basin, the City coordinated the preparation of this 2025 UWMP with OCWD. Several OCWD documents, such as the 616
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Groundwater Reliability Plan, Engineer's Report, and Basin 8-1 Alternative were used to retrieve the required relevant information, including the projections of the amount of groundwater the City is allowed to extract in the 25-year planning horizon.

The various planning documents of the key agencies that were used to develop this UWMP are listed in Chapter 2.2.1.

10.3 Public Participation
The City encouraged community and public interest involvement in the Plan update through a public hearing and inspection of the draft document on June 9, 2026. As part of the public hearing, the City discussed adoption of the UWMP, key components of the UWMP, and the conclusions that served as the basis of the UWMP. Copies of the draft 2025 UWMP were placed for public review at the City Clerk's and Public Works Department offices.

Notices of the public meeting were posted inside City Hall. Legal public notices for the meeting were published in the local newspaper and posted at City facilities. A copy of the Notice of Public Hearing is included in Appendix I.

The hearing was conducted during a regularly scheduled meeting of the City Council.

10.4 UWMP Submittal
The City Council reviewed and approved the 2025 UWMP at its June 9, 2026, meeting after the public hearing. See Appendix J for the resolution approving the Plan.

By July 1, 2026, the City's adopted 2025 UWMP was filed with DWR and sent directly to the California State Library, the County of Orange, and the cities within its service area. The submission to DWR was done electronically through the online submittal tool – WUE Data Portal. The City will make the Plan available for public review on its website no later than 30 days after filing with DWR.

10.5 Amending the Adopted UWMP or WSCP
Based on DWR's review of the UWMP, the City will make any amendments in its adopted UWMP, as required and directed by DWR and will follow each of the steps for notification, public hearing, adoption, and submittal for amending the adopted UWMP.

If the City revises its Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) after UWMP is approved by DWR, then an electronic copy of the revised WSCP will be submitted to DWR within 30 days of its adoption. 617
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CHAPTER 11 REFERENCES
California Department of Water Resources (DWR). (2026, January). Final Urban Water Management Plan Guidebook 2025. https://cwc.ca.gov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Programs/Water-Use- And-Efficiency/Urban-Water-Use-Efficiency/Urban-Water-Management-Plans/Final-2025-UWMP- Guidebook/Final-2025-UWMP-Guidebook-Accessible.pdf
Center for Demographic Research (CDR). (2025, July). Orange County Progress Report 2025 Volume 54.

City of Orange (2025, December). Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. https://onedrive.live.com/?redeem=aHR0cHM6Ly8xZHJ2Lm1zL2IvYy82ZmYwYmI3ZTM1NGIyNzFiL 0lRQnhNYkdmd2VaOVJhSTFOcWZIeURsRUFhaEtQZVFZZ055b0tDc25KcENQWExrP2U9UU1GWXYx &cid=6FF0BB7E354B271B&id=6FF0BB7E354B271B%21s9fb13171e6c1457da23536a7c7c83944&p arId=6FF0BB7E354B271B%21s56a2a8e0315242628f5f6680f390cb6b&o=OneUp City of Orange (2021, June). 2020 Urban Water Management Plan. https://www.mwdoc.com/wp- content/uploads/2025/06/MWDOC-2020-UWMP_2021.06.02.pdf
City of Orange. (2010, March). City of General Plan. https://www.cityoforange.org/our- city/departments/community-development/general-plan
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET). (2025, December). 2025 Urban Water Management Plan Draft. https://www-admin.mwdh2o.com/media/5ralzxit/public-review-draft- february-2026-uwmp.pdf.

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET). (2020, April). 2020 Integrated Water Resources Plan – Regional Needs Assessment.
https://d1q0afiq12ywwq.cloudfront.net/media/sgvlkith/2020_irp_needs_assessment.pdf Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MET). (2025, April). CAMP4W Climate Adaptation Master Plan for Water. https://cawaterlibrary.net/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/CAMP4W-Climate- Adaptation-Management-Plan-for-Water.pdf
Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC). (2023, July). Orange County Water Reliability Study. https://www.mwdoc.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/MWDOC_2023-OC-Water-Reliability- Study-Final.pdf
Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC), Orange County Water District (OCWD), Hazen & Sawer. (2025, December). 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Technical Memorandum. https://www.mwdoc.com/your-water/water-reliability-planning/ Orange County Water District (OCWD). (2025, February). OCWD Resilience Plan – Adaptive Strategies for Securing Abundant and Reliable Water Supplies. https://www.ocwd.com/wp- content/uploads/OCWD-Resilience-Plan.pdf
Orange County Water District (OCWD). (2025, February). Engineer’s Report on Groundwater Conditions, Water Supply and Basin Utilization in The Orange County Water District. https://www.ocwd.com/wp-content/uploads/2023-24-Engineers-Report_Final.pdf 618
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Orange County Water District (OCWD), City of La Habra, Irvine Ranch Water District. (2022, February).

Basin 8-1 Alternative 2022 Update. https://www.ocwd.com/wp-content/uploads/05cbasin-8-1- alternative-2022-update.pdf
Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). (2024, April). Connect SoCal 2024. https://scag.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2024-05/23-2987-connect-socal-2024-final-complete- 040424.pdf
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APPENDIX A UWMP WATER CODE CHECKLIST

620
Retail
(x = required)
Wholesale
(x = required) Order 2025 Guidebook
Location
Water Code
Section Summary as Applies to UWMP Subject Relevant Submittal Table 2025 UWMP Location x x 1 Chapter 1 10615
A plan shall describe and evaluate sources of
supply, reasonable and practical efficient uses,
reclamation and demand management
activities.

Introduction and overview n/a Section 1.2
x x 1 Chapter 1 10630.5
Each plan shall include a simple description of
the Supplier’s plan including water availability,
future requirements, a strategy for meeting
needs, and other pertinent information.

Additionally, a Supplier may also choose to
include a simple description at the beginning
of each chapter.

Plan preparation n/a Executive Summary, Chapters 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
x x 2.1 Section 2.1 10620(b)
Every person that becomes a Supplier shall
adopt UWMP within one year after it has
become a Supplier.

Plan preparation n/a Chapter 1 and Section 2.1
x n/a 2.5 Section 2.5 10644
Supplier shall report the Public Water Systems
number, volume of delivered water, and
number of connections that are included in
this UWMP.

Plan preparation 2-1 Section 2.1
x x 2.5 Section 2.5 10644
Supplier shall report if this UWMP is an
individual UWMP and whether the Supplier
belongs to a regional UWMP or regional
alliance.

Plan preparation 2-2 Section 2.1
x x 2.5 Section 2.5 10644
Supplier shall report whether the data is in
fiscal or calendar years and the units of
measure used for reporting water volumes.

Plan preparation 2-3 Section 2.1
x x 2.4 Section 2.4 10642
Provide supporting documentation that the
Supplier has encouraged active involvement of
diverse social, cultural, and economic elements
of the population within the service area prior
to and during the preparation of the plan and
contingency plan.

Plan preparation n/a Sections 2.2.3, 10.1 and 10.3,
Appendix I
x x 2.4 Section 2.4.2 10620(d)(3)
Coordinate the preparation of its plan with
other appropriate agencies in the area,
including other Suppliers that share a common
source, water management agencies, and
relevant public agencies, to the extent
practicable.

Plan preparation n/a Sections 2.2.1 and 10.2
x n/a 2.4 Section 2.4.1 10631(h)
Retail Suppliers will include documentation
that they have provided their Wholesale
Supplier(s)—if any—with water use projections
from that source.

Plan preparation 2-4 R Sections 2.2.2 and 4.2
n/a x 2.4 Section 2.4.1 10631(h)
Wholesale Suppliers will provide their Suppliers
with identification and quantification of the
existing and planned sources of water
available from the Wholesale Supplier to the
Supplier during various water year types.

Plan preparation 2-4 W N/A for Retailers
x x 3 Chapter 3.0 10631(a) Describe the Supplier service area. System description n/a Section 3.2 x x 3.3 Section 3.3 10631(a) Describe the climate of the Supplier’s service area. System description n/a Section 3.3
x x 3.4 Section 3.4.1 10631(a)
Provide the current and projected service area
populations for 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045 and
optionally 2050.

System description 3-1 Section 3.4
x x 3.4 Section 3.4.2 10631(a)
Describe other social, economic, and
demographic factors affecting the Supplier’s
water management planning.

System description n/a Section 3.4.2
x x 3.5 Section 3.5 10631(a)
Describe the land uses within the service
area… include the current and projected land
uses within the existing or anticipated service
area affecting the Supplier’s water
management planning. Describe the land uses
within the service area.

System description and baselines n/a Section 3.5
x Optional 4.2 Sections 4.2.3 and

4.2.4 10631(d)(1)
Quantify past, current, and projected water
use, identifying the uses among water use
sectors.

System water use 4-1 and 4-2 Sections 4.1 and 4.2
x Optional 4.3 Section 4.3.1 10631(d)(3)(A
)
Report the distribution system water loss for
each of the five years preceding the plan
update.

System water use 4-5 Section 4.4 and Appendix D
x n/a 4.3 Section 4.3.2 10631(d)(3)(C
)
Retail Suppliers shall provide data to show the
distribution loss standards were met. System water use 4-6 Section 4.4 621
x n/a 4.2 Section 4.2.5.4 10631.1(a)
Include projected water use needed for lower
income housing projected in the service area
of the Supplier.

System water use 4-3 Section 4.3
x n/a 4.2 Section 4.2.5.3 10631(d)(4)(A
)
In projected water use, include estimates of
water savings from adopted codes, plans, and
other policies or laws.

System water use 4-3 Section 4.2
x n/a 4.2 Section 4.2.5.3 10631(d)(4)(B
)
Provide citations of codes, standards,
ordinances, or plans used to make water use
projections.

System water use 4-3 Section 4.3 and Appendix H
x n/a 4.2 Section 4.2.5.3 10631(d)(4)(B
)(ii)
To the extent that a Supplier reports the
information described in subparagraph (A), an
urban water Supplier shall… Indicate the
extent that the water use projections consider
savings from codes, standards, ordinances, or
transportation and land use plans. Water use
projections that do not account for these
water savings shall be noted of that fact.

System water use 4-3 Section 4.3.1
x x 4.2 Section 4.2.5.6 10635(b)
Demands under climate change considerations
must be included as part of the drought risk
assessment.

System water use n/a Section 4.3.2 and Appendix H
n/a x 5.1 Section 5.1 10608.36
Wholesale Suppliers shall include an
assessment of present and proposed future
measures, programs, and policies to help their
Retail Suppliers achieve targeted water use
reductions.

Baselines and targets n/a N/A for Retailers
x n/a 5.2 Section 5.2 10608.4
Retail Suppliers shall report on their compliance
in meeting their water use targets. Reporting
requirements will vary depending on whether
the Supplier:
-    Was considered an urban retail water
supplier in 2020,
-    Met its 2020 target in 2020, or
-    Was part of a merger or consolidation since
2020.

Chapter 5 Subsections 5.2.1, 5.2.2, and 5.2.3
address each of these situations.

Baselines and targets 5-1 Section 5.1
x x 6.1 Section 6.1 10631(b)(2)
When multiple sources of water supply are
identified, describe the management of each
supply in relationship to other identified
supplies.

System supplies n/a Sections 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.6, and

6.8 x x 6.1 Sections 6.1 and

6.2 10631(b)(1)
Provide a discussion of anticipated supply
availability under a normal, single dry year,
and a drought lasting five years, as well as
more frequent and severe periods of drought,
including changes in supply due to climate
change.

System supplies n/a Sections 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, and 7.5
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(C
)
Indicate whether groundwater is an existing or
planned source of water available to the
Supplier. If groundwater is identified as an
existing or planned source of water… (include)
a detailed description and analysis of the
location, amount and sufficiency of
groundwater pumped by the Supplier for the
past five years.

Water supplies and recycled
water 6-1 Section 6.3
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(A
)
Indicate whether a groundwater sustainability
plan or groundwater management plan has
been adopted by the Supplier or if there is any
other specific authorization for groundwater
management. Include a copy of the plan or
authorization.

System supplies n/a Section 6.3.1.2 and Appendix E
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B
) Describe the groundwater basin. System supplies n/a Section 6.3.1.1 x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B
)
Indicate if the basin has been adjudicated and
include a copy of the court order or decree and
a description of the amount of water the
Supplier has the legal right to pump.

System supplies n/a Sections 6.3.1.2 and 6.3.1.3
622
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B
)
For unadjudicated basins… (include)
information as to whether DWR has identified
the basin as a high- or medium-priority basin
in the most current official departmental
bulletin…
Water supplies and recycled
water n/a Section 6.3.1.2
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(B
)
For unadjudicated basins… describe efforts by
the Supplier to coordinate with sustainability
or groundwater agencies to achieve
sustainable groundwater conditions.

Water supplies and recycled
water n/a Sections 6.3.1.2, 6.3.1.3, 6.3.1.4,
and 6.3.1.5
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2. 10631(b)(4)(C
)
If groundwater is identified as an existing or
planned source of water… (include) a detailed
description and analysis of the location,
amount and sufficiency of groundwater
pumped by the Supplier for the past five
years.

System supplies n/a Sections 6.3 and 6.3.1
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.2 10631(b)(4)(D
)
Provide a detailed description and analysis of
the amount and location of groundwater that
is projected to be pumped.

System supplies 6-9 Sections 6.1, 6.3.1.1, 6.3.2
x x 6.1 Section 6.1 10631(b)
Identify and quantify the existing and planned
sources of water available for 2025, 2030,
2035, 2040, 2045 and optionally 2050.

System supplies 6-8 and 6-9 Sections 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.6, and

6.8 x x 6.2 Section 6.2.7 10631(c)
Describe the opportunities for exchanges or
transfers of water on a short-term or long-
term basis.

System supplies n/a Section 6.8
x n/a 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(a)
Describe the wastewater collection and
treatment systems in the Supplier’s service
area with quantified amount of collection and
treatment and the disposal methods.

System supplies (recycled water) 6-2 Section 6.6.2
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(b)
Describe the quantity of treated wastewater
that meets recycled water standards, is being
discharged, and is otherwise available for use
in a recycled water project.

System supplies (recycled water) 6-3 Section 6.6.2
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(c) Describe the recycled water currently being used in the Supplier's service area. System supplies (recycled water) 6-4 Section 6.6.3 x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(d)
Describe and quantify the potential uses of
recycled water and provide a determination of
the technical and economic feasibility of those
uses.

System supplies (recycled water) 6-4 Section 6.6.5
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(e)
Describe the projected use of recycled water
within the Supplier's service area at the end of
5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and describe the
actual use of recycled water in comparison to
uses previously projected.

System supplies (recycled water) 6-4 and 6-5 Section 6.6.4 x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(f)
Describe the actions that may be taken to
encourage the use of recycled water and the
projected results of these actions in terms of
acre-feet of recycled water used per year.

System supplies (recycled water) 6-6 Section 6.6.4
x x 6.2 Section 6.2.5 10633(g) Provide a plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the Supplier's service area. System supplies (recycled water) n/a Section 6.6.6 x x 6.2 Section 6.2.6 10631(g) Describe desalinated water project opportunities for long-term supply. System supplies 6-7 Section 6.7 x x 6.2 Section 6.2.10 10631(f)
Describe the expected future water supply
projects and programs that may be
undertaken by the water Supplier to address
water supply reliability in average, single-dry,
and for a period of drought lasting five
consecutive water years.

System supplies 6-7 Sections 6.2.5, 6.3.2, 6.6.4, 6.8.2,

6.9 x x 6.3 Section 6.3 and
Appendix O 10631.2(a)
The UWMP must include energy information,
as stated in the code, that a Supplier can
readily obtain.

System suppliers, energy
intensity O-1A, O-1B, O-1C, and O-2 Section 6.10
x 7.1 Section 7.1 10634
Provide information on the quality of existing
sources of water available to the Supplier and
the manner in which water quality affects
water management strategies and supply
reliability.

Water supply reliability
assessment n/a Section 7.2.3
623
x x 7.2 Section 7.2 10635(a)
Service Reliability Assessment: Assess the
water supply reliability during normal, dry, and
a drought lasting five consecutive water years
by comparing the total water supply sources
available to the Supplier with the total
projected water use over the next 20 years.

Water supply reliability
assessment 7-2, 7-3, and 7-4 Section 7.3
x x 7.2 Section 7.2.3 10620(f)
Describe water management tools and options
to maximize resources and minimize the need
to import water from other regions.

Water supply reliability
assessment n/a Section 7.4
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)
Provide a drought risk assessment as part of
information considered in developing the
demand management measures and water
supply projects.

Water supply reliability
assessment n/a Section 7.5
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(1)
Include a description of the data,
methodology, and basis for one or more
supply shortage conditions that are necessary
to conduct a drought risk assessment for a
drought period that lasts five consecutive
years.

Water supply reliability
assessment n/a Section 7.5.1
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(2)
Include a determination of the reliability of
each source of supply under a variety of water
shortage conditions.

Water supply reliability
assessment n/a Sections 7.3, 7.5.2, 7.5.3
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(3)
Include a comparison of the total water supply
sources available to the Supplier with the total
projected water use for the drought period.

Water supply reliability
assessment 7-5 Section 7.5.2
x x 7.3 Section 7.3 10635(b)(4)
Include considerations of the historical drought
hydrology, plausible changes on projected
supplies and demands under climate change
conditions, anticipated regulatory changes,
and other locally applicable criteria.

Water supply reliability
assessment n/a Sections 7.2 and 7.5.1
x x 8 Chapter 8 10632(a) Provide a water shortage contingency plan (WSCP) with specified elements below.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
x x 8 Chapter 8 10632(a)(1) Provide an analysis of water supply reliability (from Guidebook Chapter 7) in the WSCP.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.1)
x x 8.2 Section 8.2 10632(a)(2)(A
)
Provide the written decision-making process
and other methods that the Supplier will use
each year to determine its water reliability.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.2.1)
x x 8.2 Section 8.2 10632(a)(2)(B
)
Provide data and methodology to evaluate the
Supplier’s water reliability for the current year
and one dry year pursuant to factors in the
code.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.2.2)
x x 8.3 Section 8.3 10632(a)(3)(A
)
Define six standard water shortage levels of
10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% shortage, and
greater than 50% shortage. These levels shall
be based on supply conditions, including
percent reductions in supply, changes in
groundwater levels, changes in surface
elevation, or other conditions. The shortage
levels shall also apply to a catastrophic
interruption of supply.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.3)
x x 8.3 Section 8.3 10632(a)(3)(B
)
Suppliers with an existing WSCP that uses
different water shortage levels must cross
reference their categories with the six
standard categories.

Water shortage contingency
planning 8-1 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.3)
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(A
)
Suppliers with WSCPs that align with the
defined shortage levels must specify locally
appropriate supply augmentation actions.

Water shortage contingency
planning 8-2 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.4)
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(B
)
Specify locally appropriate demand reduction
actions to adequately respond to shortages.

Water shortage contingency
planning 8-3 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.4.2)
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(C
)
Specify locally appropriate operational
changes.

Water shortage contingency
planning 8-2 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.4.3)
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(D
)
Specify additional mandatory prohibitions
against specific water use practices that are in
addition to State-mandated prohibitions are
appropriate to local conditions.

Water shortage contingency
planning Table 8-3 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.4.4)
624
x x 8.4 Section 8.4 10632(a)(4)(E
)
Estimate the extent to which the gap between
supplies and demand will be reduced by
implementation of the action.

Water shortage contingency
planning 8-2 and 8-3 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Appendix A)
x x 8.4 Section 8.4.6 10632.5 The UWMP shall include a seismic risk assessment and mitigation plan. Water shortage contingency plan n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP (Section 3.4.6)
x x 8.5 Section 8.5 10632(a)(5)(A
)
Suppliers must describe that they will inform
customers, the public and others regarding
any current or predicted water shortages.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.5)
x x 8.5 Section 8.5
10632(a)(5)(B
),
10632(a)(5)(C
)
Suppliers must describe that they will inform
customers, the public and others regarding
any shortage response actions triggered or
anticipated to be triggered and other relevant
communications.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.6)
x n/a 8.6 Section 8.6 10632(a)(6)
Retail Supplier must describe how it will
ensure compliance with and enforce provisions
of the WSCP.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.6)
x x 8.7 Section 8.7 10632(a)(7)(A
)
Describe the legal authority that empowers the
Supplier to enforce shortage response actions.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.7)
x x 8.7 Section 8.7 10632(a)(7)(B
)
Provide a statement that the Supplier will
declare a water shortage emergency per Water
Code Chapter 3. Water Shortage Emergencies .

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.7)
x x 8.7 Section 8.7 10632(a)(7)(C
)
Provide a statement that the Supplier will
coordinate with any city or county within
which it provides water for the possible
proclamation of a local emergency.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.7)
x x 8.8 Section 8.8 10632(a)(8)(A
)
Describe the potential revenue reductions and
expense increases associated with activated
shortage response actions.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.8)
x x 8.8 Section 8.8 10632(a)(8)(B
)
Provide a description of mitigation actions
needed to address revenue reductions and
expense increases associated with activated
shortage response actions.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.8)
x n/a 8.8 Section 8.8 10632(a)(8)(C
)
Retail Suppliers must describe the cost of
compliance with Water Code Chapter 3.3,
Excessive Residential Water Use During
Drought .

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.8)
x n/a 8.9 Section 8.9 10632(a)(9)
Retail Suppliers must describe the monitoring
and reporting requirements and procedures
that ensure appropriate data are collected,
tracked, and analyzed for purposes of
monitoring customer compliance.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.9)
x x 8.10 Section 8.10 10632(a)(10)
Describe reevaluation and improvement
procedures for monitoring and evaluation the
WSCP to ensure risk tolerance is adequate and
appropriate water shortage mitigation
strategies are implemented.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.10)
x n/a 8.11 Section 8.11 10632(b)
Analyze and define water features that are
artificially supplied with water, including
ponds, lakes, waterfalls, and fountains,
separately from swimming pools and spas.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.11)
x x 8.12 Section 8.12 10632(c)
Make available the WSCP to customers and
any city or county where it provides water
within 30 days after adoption of the plan.

Water shortage contingency
planning n/a 2025 UWMP Appendix F - WSCP
(Section 3.12)
x n/a 9.1 Sections 9.1 10631(e)(1)
Retail Suppliers shall provide a description of
the nature and extent of each demand
management measure implemented over the
past five years. The description will address
specific measures listed in code.

Demand management measures n/a Section 9.2
n/a x 9.2 Sections 9.2 10631(e)(2)
Wholesale Suppliers shall describe specific
demand management measures listed in code,
their distribution system asset management
program, and Supplier assistance program.

Demand management measures n/a N/A for Retailers
x n/a 10 Chapter 10 10608.26(a)
Retail Suppliers shall conduct a public hearing
to discuss adoption, implementation, and
economic impact of water use targets
(recommended to discuss compliance).

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a Sections 2.2.3, 10.1, and 10.3
625
x x 10.2 Section 10.2.1 10621(b)
Notify, at least 60 days prior to the public
hearing, any city or county within which the
Supplier provides water that the Supplier will
be reviewing the UWMP and considering
amendments or changes to the plan.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation 10-1 Sections 10.1 and 10.2, Appendix I
x x 10.4 Section 10.4 10621(f)
Each urban water Supplier shall update and
submit its 2025 plan to DWR by July 1,
202 6.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a Sections 10.1 and 10.4
x x 10.2 Sections 10.2.2,

10.3, and 10.5 10642
Provide supporting documentation that the
Supplier made the UWMP and WSCP available
for public inspection, published notice of the
public hearing, and held a public hearing about
the UWMP and WSCP.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a Sections 2.2.3, 10.1 and 10.3,
Appendix I
x x 10.2 Section 10.2.2 10642
The Supplier is to provide the time and place
of the hearing to any city or county within
which the Supplier provides water.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation 10-1 Appendix I
x x 10.3 Section 10.3.2 10642
Provide supporting documentation that the
UWMP and WSCP has been adopted as
prepared or modified.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a Appendix J of UWMP and Appendix
D of WSCP
x x 10.4 Section 10.4 10644(a)
Provide supporting documentation that the
Supplier has submitted their UWMP to the
California State Library.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a Sections 10.1 and 10.4
x x 10.4 Section 10.4 10644(a)(1)
Provide supporting documentation that the
Supplier has submitted their UWMP to any city
or county within which the Supplier provides
water no later than 30 days after adoption.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a Sections 10.1 and 10.4
x x 10.4 Sections 10.4.1
and 10.4.2 10644(a)(2)
The UWMP, or amendments to the UWMP,
submitted to DWR shall be submitted
electronically.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a Section 10.5
x x 10.7 Section 10.7.2 10644(b) If revised, submit a copy of the WSCP to DWR within 30 days of adoption.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a Section 10.5 of UWMP and Section

3.12 of WSCP
x x 10.5 Section 10.5 10645(a)
Provide supporting documentation that, not
later than 30 days after filing a copy of its
UWMP with DWR, the Supplier has or will
make the plan available for public review
during normal business hours.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a Sections 10.1 and 10.4
x x 10.5 Section 10.5 10645(b)
Provide supporting documentation that, not
later than 30 days after filing a copy of its
WSCP with DWR, the Supplier has or will make
the plan available for public review during
normal business hours.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a Sections 10.1 and 10.4, Appendix F
x x 10.6 Section 10.6 10621(c)
If Supplier is regulated by the Public Utilities
Commission, include its plan and contingency
plan as part of its general rate case filings.

Plan adoption, submittal, and
implementation n/a N/A - Supplier is not regulated by
the Public Utilities Commission
626
2025 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
MAY 2026 / FINAL DRAFT / CAROLLO

CITY OF ORANGE

APPENDIX B DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES
(DWR) STANDARDIZED TABLES

627
CA3010027 City of Orange 33,099 25,213
33,099 25,213
Submittal Table 2-1 Retail: Public Water Systems
Add additional rows as needed
NOTES:

Volume of Water
Supplied 2025 (AF)
DWR NOTES:

Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3.

Total
Public Water System
Number
Public Water System
Name
Number of Municipal
Connections 2025
628
Select One Name of Regional Alliance or
RUWMP (Drop Down List)
Orange County 20x2020 Regional
Alliance
NOTES:

Submittal Table 2-2: Plan Identification
Type of Plan
Individual UWMP
If Water Supplier is also a member of a SB X7-7
Regional Alliance, select name from the drop-down.

Regional Urban Water Management Plan (RUWMP)
If Supplier selected RUWMP, select name from the
drop-down.
629
Supplier is a wholesale supplier
Supplier is a retail supplier
UWMP Tables are in calendar years
UWMP Tables are in fiscal years
Unit AF
Submittal Table 2-3: Supplier Identification
Type of Supplier (select one or both)
Fiscal or Calendar Year (select one)
If using fiscal years provide month and date that the fiscal year begins (mm/dd)
Units of measure used in UWMP
(Select from the drop down list).
7/1
DWR NOTES:

Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent
throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3.

NOTES:
630
Submittal Table 2-4 Retail: Water Supplier Information Exchange Water Code Section 10631(h)
The retail Supplier has informed the following wholesale supplier(s) of projected water use.

Wholesale Water Supplier Name
Add additional rows as needed
Municipal Water District of Orange County
Orange County Water District
NOTES:
631
2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050(opt)
142,325 141,093 140,112 140,188 138,777 137,071
Submittal Table 3-1 Retail: Population - Current and Projected Water Code Section 10631(a)
Population
Served
NOTES:

Source: Center for Demographic Research at California State University, Fullerton, 2025 632
Use Type
Drop down list
May select each use multiple times
These are the only use types that will be recognized by the WUEdata online submittal tool
Potable or Non-Potable
(OPTIONAL)
Drop down list
Volume (AF)
Agricultural Potable 123
Commercial Includes both Commercial and
Industrial Potable 7,432
Landscape Potable 545
Multi-Family Potable 4,046
Single Family Potable 11,439
Distribution System Water Loss Potable 1,627
25,213
0 25,213Total
Submittal Table 4-1 Retail: Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water — Actual Water Code Section 10631(d)(1)
NOTES: Distribution System Water Loss is calculated as the difference between total potable production and use for FY 2025.

DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-

3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3. 2025 Actual Water Use
Add additional rows as needed
Subtotal Potable
Subtotal Non-Potable
Additional Description
(as needed)
633
Use Type
Drop down list
May select each use multiple times
These are the only Use Types that will be recognized by the WUEdata online submittal tool
Potable or Non-Potable
(OPTIONAL)
Drop down list
2030 (AF) 2035 (AF) 2040 (AF) 2045 (AF) 2050 opt (AF)
Single Family Potable 10,057 10,023 10,034 9,977 9,928
Multi-Family Potable 7,794 7,804 7,864 7,831 7,816
Commercial Includes Institutional and
Industrial uses Potable 5,202 5,246 5,293 5,356 5,415
Landscape Includes Agriculture use Potable 180 180 181 180 180 Distribution System Water Loss Includes Other uses Potable 1,296 1,297 1,303 1,302 1,301 24,529 24,550 24,675 24,646 24,640
0 0 0 0 0
24,529 24,550 24,675 24,646 24,640
Submittal Table 4-2 Retail: Total Uses for Potable, and Non-Potable Water — Projected Water Code Section 10631(d)(1)
Projected Water Use
(Report To the Extent that Records are Available)
Additional Description
(as needed)
NOTES: Source – 2025 Orange County Water Demand Projection Model Forecast for the City of Orange Total
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3.

Subtotal Non-Potable
Subtotal Potable
Add additional rows as needed.
634
Are Future Water Savings Included in Projections?
Drop down list (y/n) Yes
If "Yes" to above, state the section or page number, in the cell to the right, where citations of the codes, ordinances, or otherwise are utilized in demand projections are found.

Optional Suppliers may complete Optional Submittal Table 4-4 R to quantify the expected savings.

Chapter 4.3
Are Lower Income Residential Demands Included In Projections? Drop down list (y/n) Yes
Optional If the method for accounting Lower Income Residential Demands has been included, provide page number where this accounting can be found. Chapter 4.3 Submittal Table 4-3 Retail: Inclusion in Water Use Projections Water Code Section 10631 (a), 10631 (d)(4)(A), and 10631 (d)(4)(B) NOTES: Future water savings include passive conservation (defined as water savings that occur without incentives). Active conservation (defined as water savings that occur with incentives) is not included in the projections.

The demand projection methodology accounted for the entire population of the service area (i.e. all income levels).

DWR NOTES: Additional guidance is provided in Appendix K. 635
2030 (AF) 2035 (AF) 2040 (AF) 2045 (AF) 2050 opt (AF)
341 340 342 340 339
NOTES: Passive conservation here is defined as water savings that occur without incentives. Based on the Demand Projection TM, passive conservation is assumed to equal a 1.9% decrease in residential demand due to conservation by 2030 (linearly extrapolated), then remains constant in subsequent years.

Optional Submittal Table 4-4 Retail: Passive Water Savings Projections Water Code Section 10631(d)(4)(A)
Passive savings
Add additional rows as needed
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3.

Description
(Codes, Standards, Ordinances, or Plans)
636
Public Water System ID # Reported
in Table 2-1 R Reporting Period Submitted to DWR Water
Loss Audit Program (yes/no)
2020 Yes
2021 Yes
2022 Yes
2023 Yes
2024 Yes
Submittal Table 4-5 Retail: Water Loss Audit Reporting
Water Code Section 10631(d)(3)(A)
CA3010027
DWR NOTES: Suppliers will provide a link to the WUEdata submittals of their Water Loss Audit Reports.

NOTES: Water Loss Audits reported in Calendar Years (CY).

Report submittal status for all five years for each Public Water System as available.

Add rows as needed
637
2028 Real Water Loss
Standard per Unit per
day
Units for Real
Water Loss
Drop down list
Number of Units
(Connections or Miles
corresponding with
units selected)
Volume of Total Real
Loss
(from AWWA Water
Loss Audit)
(AF)
2028 Apparent Water
Loss Standard per
Unit per Day
Units for
Apparent Water
Loss
Number of
Connections
Volume of Total
Apparent Loss
(from AWWA Water
Loss Audit)
(AF)
CA3010027 Yes 27.1
Gallons per
Service
Connection per
Day (GPSCD)
36,570 559.14

13.6 20.0
Gallons per
Service
Connection per
Day (GPSCD)
36,570 658.56

16.1 Submittal Table 4-6 Retail: Progress Towards 2028 Water Loss Standard Water Code Section 10631(d)(3)(C)
NOTES:

Uses the Water Board’s calculated water loss standards updated as of 01/30/2026 and AWWA Water Loss Audit for CY 2024. Connection count may differ from what is reported in Table 2-1 R for FY 2025.

Apparent Water Loss
Did the Water Board Calculate a
Water Loss Standard for this
Public Water System? (y/n)
If no, Supplier will not complete
this row.

Real Water Loss
Water Board's Calculated Water Loss Standards
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) for Water Loss MUST remain consistent with units reported in Submittal Table 2-3. The units reported in Submittal Table 2-3 are used in this table's calculations.

Public Water
System ID #
Reported in
Submittal Table 2-1
R
Add additional rows as needed.

Most Recent AWWA Water Loss Audit
Real Water
Loss Per Unit
per Day
Most Recent AWWA Water Loss Audit
Apparent Water
Loss Per Unit per
Day
State Water Board Standard State Water Board Standard
638
Actual 2025 GPCD
(From SB X7-7
Compliance Form)
Did Supplier meet the
2020 Target in 2025?
No Individual Target 181 129 Yes NA
Submittal Table 5-1 Retail: SB X7-7 2020 Target Progress Water Code Section 10608.40
NOTES: Supplier met the 2020 target, actual 2025 GPCD not required.

Did Supplier
Achieve Targeted
Reduction for
2020?
Actual 2020 GPCD 2020 Target
Regional Alliance
Target or
Individual Target?
Drop down list
DWR NOTES:

Suppliers calculating a 2025 GPCD will need to complete and submit SB X 7-7 Compliance Tables to verify the use of SB X7-7 Methodologies.

Suppliers that were part of a merger or consolidation since 2020 see Chapter 5 and Appendix P for guidance.

NA=Not Applicable
Check the box if the Supplier was not an Urban Water Supplier during or before the 2020 UWMP reporting cycle. Proceed to the next table.

Only for suppliers that did not meet the
Target in 2020
See DWR NOTES below.

Was Supplier part of a
merger or
consolidation since
2020?
639
Groundwater Type
Drop Down List
May use each category
multiple times
Potable or
Non-Potable
(OPTIONAL)
Drop down list
Location or Basin Name 2021 (AF) 2022 (AF) 2023 (AF) 2024 (AF) 2025 (AF) Alluvial Basin Orange County Groundwater
Basin 20,963 14,137 18,341 19,934 19,737 20,963 14,137 18,341 19,934 19,737
Add additional rows as needed
Submittal Table 6-1 Retail: Groundwater Volume Pumped
Water Code Section 10631(4) and 10631(4)(c)
DWR NOTES:

Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3.

NOTES: Source - City of Orange Water Production Summary Total
Check the box if the Supplier does not pump groundwater.

Proceed to the next table.

Check the box if all or part of the groundwater described below is desalinated. (OPTIONAL) 640
Name of Wastewater
Collection Agency
Wastewater
Volume Metered
or Estimated?

OPTIONAL
Drop Down List
Volume of Wastewater
Collected from UWMP
Service Area 2025 (AF)
Name of Wastewater
Treatment Plant (WWTP) and
Place ID Number
Drop down list
Is WWTP Located
Within UWMP
Area?
Drop Down List
City of Orange Estimated OCSD Plant 1, Place ID 75839 2 No City of Orange Estimated OCSD Plant 2, Place ID 25915 8 No 19,885
Check the box if there is no wastewater collection system.

Proceed to the next table.

NOTES: Assumed a return rate of 79% (City of Orange, 2012) Submittal Table 6-2 Retail: Wastewater Collected Within Service Area Water Code Section 10633(a)
Percentage of 2025 service area population served by wastewater collection system (OPTIONAL)
Percentage of 2025 service area served by wastewater collection system (OPTIONAL) DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3.

Additional Guidance : See Appendix M, Section M.21 for detailed guidance on this table.

Wastewater Collection Recipient of Collected Wastewa ter Total Wastewater Received from UWMP
Service Area in 2025:

Add additional rows as needed
19,885
641
Treatment Level
Drop down list
Volume
(AF)
Treatment Level
Drop down list
Volume
(AF)
Treatment Level
Drop down list
Volume
(AF)
Treatment Level
Drop down list
Volume
(AF)
Treatment Level
Drop down list
Volume
(AF)
Name of other
entity
0 - 0 0 0 0 0
Submittal Table 6-3 Retail: Wastewater Treatment and Outcomes Within UWMP Service Area Water Code Section 10633(b)
DWR NOTES:

Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3.

IPR: Indirect Potable Reuse would have the treatment level of its end use requirement in the Level of Treatment drop-down.

Additional Guidance: See Appendix M, Section M.21 for detailed guidance on this table.

Water Recycled Outside of
UWMP Service Area
(enter data as applicable)
Effluent Discharge that is
not a Permitted Recycled
Water Use
(enter data as applicable)
Required Discharge for
Instream Flow
(enter data as applicable)
Delivered to Another Entity for Additional
Treatment
(enter data as applicable)
Add additional rows as needed
2025 Outcomes of Treated Wastewater
Check the box if no wastewater is treated or disposed of within the UWMP service area.

Proceed to the next table.

Does This Plant
Treat
Wastewater
Generated
Outside the
UWMP Service
Area?
(OPTIONAL)
Drop down list
Wastewater Treatment
Plant Name and Place ID
Number
Drop down list
Total 2025
Volume of
Water
Treated (AF)
NOTES:

Total
2025 Volume of
Wastewater
Received from
UWMP Service
Area
(As Reported in
Submittal Table
6-2 R) (AF)
Water Recycled Within
UWMP Service Area
(enter data as applicable)
642
Volume Narrative page number
(OPTIONAL)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total
Use Type
Drop down list
Potable or Non-Potable
(after treatment if treated)
(OPTIONAL)
Drop down list
Additional Information
(as needed)
Add additional rows as needed
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3.

Additional Guidance: See Appendix M, Section M.21 for detailed guidance on this table.

Potential recycled water use: a description of the feasibility of these uses must be included in the narrative.

Multiple Producers: If you have multiple recycled water producers, submit a separate table for each.

NOTES:
2050 (AF) 2025 (AF) 2030 (AF) 2035 (AF) 2040 (AF) 2045 (AF) Subtotal Potable
Subtotal Non-Potable
Check box if recycled water is not used and is not planned for use within the service area of the supplier. The supplier will only complete the column on "Potential Recycled Water Use" and submit an accompanying narrative on the feasibility of that potential recycled water use.

Submittal Table 6-4 Retail: Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area Water Code Section 10633 (c),(d),(e)
Potential Recycled Water Use
Name(s) of Facility/ies Producing (Treating) the Recycled Water (OPTIONAL) :

Name of Supplier Operating the Recycled Water Distribution System (OPTIONAL) :

Volume of Supplemental Water Added in 2025 (OPTIONAL) :

Source of 2025 Supplemental Water (OPTIONAL) :
643
2020 Projection
for 2025 (AF)
2025 Actual
Use (AF)
0 0
NOTES:

Total
DWR NOTES:

Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure reported in Submittal Table 2-3 Additional Guidance: See Appendix M, Section M.21 for detailed guidance on this table.

Use Type
Drop Down list
Submittal Table 6-5 Retail: 2020 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2025 Actual
Water Code Section 10633(e)
Check the box if recycled water was not used in 2025 nor previously projected for use in 2020.

Proceed to the next table.

Add additional rows as needed
644
Name of Action Description Expected Increase in Recycled Water Use (AF)
0 0
Total (AF)
DWR NOTES:

Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) MUST remain consistent with units reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3.

The unit conversion to Acre Feet addresses the Water Code's requirement that this value be provided in acre-feet.

NOTES:

Submittal Table 6-6 Retail: Methods to Encourage Future Recycled Water Use Water Code Section 10633(f)
Check the box if the Supplier does not plan to expand recycled water use in the future. Supplier will not complete the table below but will provide narrative explanation.

Provide page location of narrative in the UWMP
Add additional rows as needed
Unit Conversion to AF
Planned Implementation Year
645
Drop Down
List
(yes/no)
If Yes, Supplier Name
New Well (Well 29) No N/A Construction of a new
well Potable CY 2028 All Year Types 4,842
New Well (Well 28) No N/A
Construction of a new
well Potable CY 2026 All Year Types 4,842
Planned for Use in
Year Type
Drop Down List
NOTES:

Submittal Table 6-7 Retail: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs Water Code Section 10631(f)
DWR NOTES:

Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure reported in Submittal Table 2-3.

Check the box if some or all of the supplier's future water supply projects or programs are not compatible with this table and are described in a narrative format.

Check the box if there are no expected future water supply projects or programs that provide a quantifiable increase to the agency's water supply.

Proceed to the next table.

Planned
Implementation
Year
Add additional rows as needed
Joint Project with other suppliers? Expected
Increase in
Water Supply
to Supplier
(This may be a
range) (AF)
Provide page location of narrative in the UWMP
Name of Future Projects
or Programs
Additional Description
(as needed)
Potable or Non-Potable
(after treatment if treated)
(OPTIONAL)
Drop Down list
646
Water Supply
Drop down list
May use each category multiple times.

These are the only water supply
categories that will be recognized by the
WUEdata online submittal tool
Potable or Non-Potable
(after treatment if treated)
(OPTIONAL)
Drop Down list
Actual Volume
(AF)
Total Entitlement
(OPTIONAL)
See 'DWR Notes' below
(AF)
Groundwater (not desalinated) Orange County Groundwater Basin 19,737 Purchased or Imported Water MWDOC 4,569
Purchased or Imported Water EOCWD 169
Surface water (not desalinated) Surface Water 738
0 0
0 0
25,213 0
Submittal Table 6-8 Retail: Water Supplies — Actual
Water Code Section 10631(b)
2025
NOTES: City of Orange, 2025
DWR NOTES:

Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table identifies the unit of measure selected in Submittal Table 2-3.

Total Entitlement: e.g. Water Right, Groundwater Allocation, Contracted Amount.

Add additional rows as needed
Total
Subtotal Potable
Subtotal Non-Potable
Additional Description
(as needed)
647
Water Supply
Reasonably
Available
Volume (AF)
Total Entitlement
(OPTIONAL)
See 'DWR Notes'
below (AF)
Reasonably
Available
Volume (AF)
Total Entitlement
(OPTIONAL)
See 'DWR Notes'
below (AF)
Reasonably
Available
Volume (AF)
Total Entitlement
(OPTIONAL)
See 'DWR Notes'
below (AF)
Reasonably
Available
Volume (AF)
Total Entitlement
(OPTIONAL)
See 'DWR Notes'
below (AF)
Reasonably
Available
Volume (AF)
Total Entitlement
(OPTIONAL)
See 'DWR Notes'
below (AF)
Purchased or Imported Water Potable 3,679 3,683 3,701 3,697 3,696 Groundwater (not
desalinated) Potable 20,849 20,868 20,974 20,949 20,944 24,528 0 24,551 0 24,675 0 24,646 0 24,640 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
24,528 0 24,551 0 24,675 0 24,646 0 24,640 0
Submittal Table 6-9 Retail: Water Supplies — Projected
Water Code Section 10631 (b)
Projected Water Supply (Report to the Extent Practicable) Drop down list
May use each category multiple
times. These are the only water
supply categories that will be
recognized by the WUEdata online
submittal tool
Additional
Detail on
Water Supply
Potable or Non-Potable
(after treatment if treated)
(OPTIONAL)
Drop Down list
2050 (opt)
Add additional rows as needed
Total
NOTES: Source - MWDOC, 2025.

Groundwater volumes assume OCWD’s basin production percentage (BPP) to be 85% starting in 2025. Volumes of groundwater and imported water may vary depending on OCWD's actual BPP projections, which are established annually. 2030 2035 2040 2045
Subtotal Non-Potable
Subtotal Potable
DWR NOTES:

Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3.

Total Entitlement: e.g. Water Right, Groundwater Allocation, Contracted Amount. 648
Retail Potable
Deliveries
1/1/2024
12/31/2024
No
Units for
Water
Volume
Extract and
Divert
Place
into
Storage
Conveyance Treatment Distribution Total Utility
See DWR NOTES Hydropower Net Utility
AF 19,598 22,178 22,178 22,178
N/A 14,694,098 1,370,597 16,064,695 16,064,695
N/A 2,301 0 0 0 190 2,223 0 2,223
Quantity of Self-Generated Renewable Energy
0 kWh
Data Quality (Estimate, Metered Data, Combination of Estimates and Metered Data) Combination of Estimates and
Metered Data
Data Quality Narrative:

Narrative:

Optional Submittal Table O-1A: Recommended Energy Reporting - SINGLE DELIVERY PRODUCT - WATER SUPPLY PROCESS APPROACH Water Delivery Product
drop down list
(If delivering more than one type of product recommend using Table O- 1C)
Only for Water Delivery Products Under the Urban Water Supplier's Operational Control Start Date of Reporting Period
Water Management Process Non-Consequential Hydropower
(if applicable)
End Date of Reporting Period
Is upstream embedded energy included in the values reported? `
Volume of Water Entering Process
Energy Consumed (kWh)
Energy Intensity (kWh/vol. converted to MG)
DWR NOTES: Total Utility:The volume of water entered in the “Total Utility” column should equal the volume of water entering the distribution system (excluding recycled water); in most cases, this is the total volume calculated in UWMP Table 4-1: 2025 Actual Total Uses for Potable and Non-Potable Water. Note if recycled water is included in your Submittal Table 4-1, you must exclude it from your volume in this table.

Volume of Water Entering Process:

Extraction data based on MWDOC Compiled Water Audits "Volume from Own Sources" and Distribution data based on MWDOC Compiled Water Audits "Authorized-Consumption." Non-Revenue Water is not considered in this calculation - the energy efficiency is based on water delivered to customers.

Energy Consumed:

Based on metered data.

NOTES:
649
% of Average Supply
Average Year 1991-2024 100%
Single-Dry Year 2014 107%
Consecutive Dry Years 1st Year 1991-2024
107%
Consecutive Dry Years 2nd Year 1991-2024 112%
Consecutive Dry Years 3rd Year 1991-2024 113%
Consecutive Dry Years 4th Year 1991-2024 115%
Consecutive Dry Years 5th Year 1991-2024 117%
Year Type
Base Year
If not using a calendar
year, type in the last
year of the fiscal,
water year, or range
of years, for example,
water year 2024-
2025, use 2025
Optional Submittal Table 7-1 Retail: Basis of Water Year Data (Reliability Assessment) Available Supplies if
Year Type Repeats
Check the box if quantification of available supplies is not compatible with this table and is provided elsewhere in the UWMP.

Location: [insert location from UWMP]
Volume Available (AF)
Quantification of available supplies is provided in this table as either volume only, percent only, or both.

NOTES:

DWR NOTES: Supplier may use multiple versions of Submittal Table 7-1 R if different water sources have different base years and the supplier chooses to report the base years for each water source separately. If a Supplier uses multiple versions of Submittal Table 7-1 R, in the "Note" section of each submittal table, state that multiple versions of Submittal Table 7-1 R are being used and identify the particular water source that is being reported in each submittal table.

Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG ) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3. This table reports the units of measure reported in Submittal Table 2-3. 650
2030 (AF) 2035 (AF) 2040 (AF) 2045 (AF) 2050 (AF)
Supply totals
(autofill from Submittal Table
6-9 R)
24,529 24,550 24,675 24,646 24,640 2030 (AF) 2035 (AF) 2040 (AF) 2045 (AF) 2050 (AF) 2030 (AF) 2035 (AF) 2040 (AF) 2045 (AF) 2050 (AF) Use totals
(autofill from Submittal Table
4-2 R)
24,529 24,550 24,675 24,646 24,640
Supply totals
(autofill from Submittal
Table 6-9 R)
24,529 24,550 24,675 24,646 24,640
Supply totals
(autofill from Submittal
Table 6-9 R)
0 0 0 0 0
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
Use totals
(autofill from Submittal
Table 4-2 R)
24,529 24,550 24,675 24,646 24,640
Use totals
(autofill from Submittal
Table 4-2 R)
0 0 0 0 0
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0 Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0 WSCP - supply augmentation
benefit
WSCP - use reduction savings
benefit
WSCP - supply augmentation
benefit
WSCP - supply augmentation
benefit
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) WSCP - use reduction
savings benefit
WSCP - use reduction
savings benefit
Revised Surplus/(shortfall) Revised Surplus/(shortfall) If you choose to fill these optional tables, please paste the combined information in the submittal table to the left.

OPTIONAL Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison -

POTABLE
OPTIONAL Planned WSCP Actions
NOTES:

OPTIONAL Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison -

NON-POTABLE
OPTIONAL Planned WSCP Actions
NOTES:

OPTIONAL Planned WSCP Actions
Submittal Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Use Comparison Water Code Section 10635 (a)
NOTES: This table compares the projected demand and supply volumes determined in Sections

4.3.2 and 6.1, respectively.

DWR NOTES : Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3.
651
Supply totals 26,296 26,319 26,453 26,422 26,415
Use totals 26,296 26,319 26,453 26,422 26,415
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
WSCP - supply
augmentation benefit
WSCP - use reduction
savings benefit
Revised Surplus/(shortfall)
2050 (AF)
DWR NOTES : Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3.

NOTES: It is conservatively assumed that a single dry year demand is 7% greater than each respective year's normally projected total water demand.

Submittal Table 7-3 Retail: Single Dry Year Supply and Use Comparison Water Code Section 10635(a)OPTIONAL Planned WSCP Actions 2030 (AF) 2035 (AF) 2040 (AF) 2045 (AF)
652
2030 (AF) 2035 (AF) 2040 (AF) 2045 (AF) 2050 (AF)
Supply totals 26,296 26,319 26,453 26,422 26,415
Use totals 26,296 26,319 26,453 26,422 26,415
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit
Revised Surplus/(shortfall)
Supply totals 27,460 27,484 27,623 27,591 27,584
Use totals 27,460 27,484 27,623 27,591 27,584
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit
Revised Surplus/(shortfall)
Supply totals 27,631 27,655 27,795 27,763 27,756
Use totals 27,631 27,655 27,795 27,763 27,756
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit
Revised Surplus/(shortfall)
Supply totals 28,154 28,178 28,321 28,289 28,281
Use totals 28,154 28,178 28,321 28,289 28,281
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit
Revised Surplus/(shortfall)
Supply totals 28,632 28,657 28,802 28,769 28,762
Use totals 28,632 28,657 28,802 28,769 28,762
Surplus/(shortfall) 0 0 0 0 0
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit
Revised Surplus/(shortfall)
Submittal Table 7-4 Retail: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Use Comparison Water Code Section 10635(a)
OPTIONAL Planned WSCP Actions
Third year
Fifth year
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3.

OPTIONAL Planned WSCP Actions
OPTIONAL Planned WSCP Actions
OPTIONAL Planned WSCP Actions
Fourth year
NOTES: The 2030 column assesses supply and demand for FY 2025-26 through FY 2029-30; the 2035 column assesses FY 2030-31 through FY 2034-35 and so forth, in order to end the water service reliability assessment in FY 2049-50.

First year
OPTIONAL WSCP Actions Second year
653
2026 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 27,029
Total Supplies (AF) 27,029
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (AF)
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (AF)
Revised Surplus/(shortfall)
2027 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 28,225
Total Supplies (AF) 28,225
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (AF)
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (AF)
Revised Surplus/(shortfall)
2028 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 28,401
Total Supplies (AF) 28,401
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (AF)
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (AF)
Revised Surplus/(shortfall)
2029 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 28,939
Total Supplies (AF) 28,939
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (AF)
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (AF)
Revised Surplus/(shortfall)
2030 Total
Total Water Use (AF) 29,430
Total Supplies (AF) 29,430
Surplus/Shortfall w/o WSCP Action 0
WSCP - supply augmentation benefit (AF)
WSCP - use reduction savings benefit (AF)
Revised Surplus/(shortfall)
NOTES:

DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3.

Submittal Table 7-5 Retail: Five-Year Drought Risk Assessment Water Code Section 10635(b)(3)
OPTIONAL Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augmentation)
OPTIONAL Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augmentation)
OPTIONAL Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augmentation)
OPTIONAL Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augmentation)
OPTIONAL Planned WSCP Actions (use reduction and supply augmentation)
654
Standard
Shortage
Levels
Percent Shortage
Range
Suppliers
Shortage
Levels
Percent
Shortage Range
1 Up to 10%
2 Up to 20%
3 Up to 30%
4 Up to 40%
5 Up to 50%
6 >50%
Submittal Table 8-1: Cross-reference for Standard vs
Supplier Shortage Levels
Water Code Section 10632(a)(3)(B)
Check the box if the Supplier uses the Standard
six levels of water shortage.

Proceed to the next table.

NOTES:
655
Shortage Gap Reduction
Value
(May be a range)
(AF)
1 through 6 Other Purchases Percentage 0 - 100% Additional imported water purchases through MWDOC
1 through 6 Other Purchases Percentage 0 - 100% Additional groundwater pumping in the Orange County Groundwater Basin
Submittal Table 8-2 Retail: Supply Augmentation and Other Actions Water Code Section 10632(a)(4)(A),(C) and (E)
Is the Supplier completing this table using the standard six levels? (yes/no) How much is this going to reduce the
shortage gap?
Shortage
Level
Supply Augmentation Methods and
Other Actions by Water Supplier
Drop down list
These are the only categories that will be
accepted by the WUEdata online submittal tool
Additional Explanation or Reference
(OPTIONAL)Volume or
Percentage
Drop down
Add additional rows as needed
DWR NOTES: Units of measure (AF, CCF, MG) must remain consistent throughout the UWMP as reported in Submittal Table 2-3.

NOTES:
656
Yes
Shortage Gap
Reduction Value
(May be a range)
(AF)
0 Landscape - Prohibit certain types of
landscape irrigation
Statewide
Prohibition is
Required
Watering or irrigation of nonfunctional turf (NFT) on
State and local government properties,
commercial, industrial and institutional owned
landscapes, homeowners' associations common
area landscapes, and local government facilities in
disadvantaged communities (DAC) is prohibited.

See Note 1 below
No
0 Landscape - Limit landscape irrigation
to specific times
On-going Long
Term-
Conservation
Savings Measure.