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Assumptions
• Rincon has budgeted for receipt of one set of consolidated City departmental and CAAP task force comments on the draft measures and action list. Any additional revisions will be completed on a time and materials basis in accordance with our standard fee schedule (attached). • The City will select measures and actions that can be supported by substantial evidence to achieve their goals.
• Rincon has budgeted for the time it takes to incorporate edits from one round of community feedback, including input from the Beautification and Natural Resources Commission, on the draft measures and actions, which would be received via workshops associated with Task 2 of the Focused General Plan Update.
• Rincon anticipates that the targets will be consistent with current state recommendations, including SB 32 and AB 1279.
• City interdepartmental meetings to solicit input from City departments will be held virtually and be up to one hour each
• Rincon will attend the Beautification and Natural Resources Commission remotely, assuming the meeting will be up to two hours in length
Deliverables
• Analysis of CAAP Strategies/Measures Scenarios
• Measure Quantification Spreadsheet
• Draft List of CAAP Strategies
• Public Draft CAAP Strategies
• Final List of CAAP Strategies
• Attendance of CAAP Task Lead at two City interdepartmental meetings • Attendance of CAAP Task Lead at one Beautification and Natural Resources Commission meeting
7.5 Measure Technical Appendix
The CEQA Guidelines Section 15183.5(b) establishes criteria to guide the preparation of a “plan for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.” Subsection (D) notes that a CEQA Guideline-consistent GHG reduction plan must include, “measures or a group of measures, including performance standards, that substantial evidence demonstrates, if implemented on a project-by-project basis, would collectively achieve the specified emissions level.” Thus, the primary distinction between a qualified CAAP and one that isn’t considered qualified is the level of substantial evidence that clearly demonstrates that the GHG reduction claimed in the CAAP is achievable. This technical appendix would clearly detail all the evidence to demonstrate that the measures and actions included in the Pacific Grove CAAP can achieve the City’s emission reduction targets for 2030. The GHG reductions from the specific measures would be calculated using published third-party evidence provided through controlled investigations, studies, and articles carried out by qualified experts that establish the effectiveness for measures and actions. The appendix will clearly display the estimates and work through the underlying calculations that would be provided in this report would include the substantial evidence and a transparent approach to achieving the City’s GHG emissions reduction target. Rincon would complete the draft and provide it to the City for review and then address one set of consolidated comments on the document. After the comments are addressed, a finalized version would be provided to the City for inclusion in the Final CAAP.
Assumptions
• Rincon has budgeted for receipt of one set of consolidated comments on each deliverable. Any additional revisions will be completed on a time and materials basis in accordance with our standard fee schedule (Section 4).
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Deliverables
• Draft and Final Qualified CAAP Technical Appendix
7.6 Implementation and Monitoring Plan
To facilitate implementation and monitoring of the CAAP, Rincon will develop an Implementation Plan that provides a summary of each of the measures, implementation timeframe, KPIs, and lead department, in a tabular format. In addition, the Implementation Plan will provide a column for the lead department to take notes and track progress over time. Designing a comprehensive, yet succinct Implementation Plan in the CAAP will provide the City with a tracking mechanism that can be used overtime as progress is made on individual measures and be updated in future iterations of the CAAP, as necessary, to help guide the City on the way to achieving the long-term goals. It is anticipated that the Implementation Plan will be completed in either Microsoft Word or Excel, depending on the preference of the City, and will integrate all the GHG emissions reduction and adaptation measures.
Assumptions
• Upon finalization of the GHG emissions reduction and adaptation measures, Rincon will complete an Implementation Plan that can be used by the City to track progress implementing measures over time.
• Implementation Plan will be included in the CAAP.
• Rincon has budgeted for receipt of one set of consolidated comments on each deliverable. Any additional revisions will be completed on a time and materials basis in accordance with our standard fee schedule
Deliverables
• Draft and Final Implementation Plan (Excel)
7.7 Develop Draft and Final Climate Action and Adaptation Plan Once a complete list of measures is reviewed and approved and community and stakeholder feedback has been incorporated, Rincon will begin work on a draft CAAP. Rincon proposes to develop a user friendly and readable CAAP which leverages infographics, photos, and other visuals whenever possible and leaves all technical documentation to the appendix. To maintain cost efficiencies, the CAAP will be prepared in word format, and will be appended to the Focused General Plan Update. The CAAP will include both near-term and long-term reduction measures. The CAAP will also set key performance indicators (KPI) which will help define a successful implementation of the CAAP strategy as well as measure progress over time.
One of the greatest challenges of designing a climate action and adaptation planning document format is the simultaneous need for both clarity and complexity. The document needs to be easily accessible to a wide range of stakeholders, while also containing detailed
analysis, data, and specific actions. To solve this problem, the consultant team proposes to:
• Create a virtual Executive Summary which will
contain interactive elements as well as infographics,
photos, and high-level goals and projects associated
with the CAAP.
• The main CAAP document will also be visually driven,
but also include the robust text necessary for a clear, implementable, and defensible CAAP.
• The third document is the technical appendix which
will include a highly transparent review of the data,
Throughout the CAAP development
process Rincon will work to find
synergies between adaptation and
mitigation measures. Many actions
including electrification, urban
greening, and local energy and
water use can help reduce GHG
emissions and make Pacific Grove
more resilient to climate impacts.
Within the CAAP we will work to tie
these benefits together to provide
an integrated plan that maximizes
co-benefits
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methodologies, and assumptions that went into the development of the forecast and measure quantification.
Together, these documents will provide actionable next steps and a long-term strategic framework for the City of Pacific Grove to reach their GHG reduction targets and climate resilience goals.
The team will prepare a comprehensive plan that will be consistent with the State Attorney General’s recommendations and the CEQA Guidelines’ definition of a “Qualified Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategy” (Section 15183.5). The CAAP will also align with the City’s existing policies. The plan will provide a framework that reimagines the current systems – built, natural, and behavioral – as ones that are interconnected and mutually beneficial. The plan will also integrate measures that improve quality of life, build prosperity, and enhance community resilience. Specifically, the CAAP will:
• Clearly explain the community’s climate challenges, and the challenges and opportunities it faces in meeting more ambitious climate adaptation and GHG reduction goals • Serve as a mechanism to tie together the City’s existing and developing sustainability initiatives, strategies, and plans with the community’s goals
• Establish a set of cohesive and specific sustainability strategies, implementation plans, and metrics for regional and state strategies and initiatives
• Activate and engage residents, businesses, and institutions with positive actions and tangible benefit
• Be optimized for online viewing on the City’s website In accordance with current requirements for public agencies, the CAAP will also be Section 508 compliant. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) Title II and California Government Code 7405 require all government public entities to make their digital content accessible prior to posting content online for public viewing. Essentially, any local body that is offering public services on behalf of the government must make their digital content accessible to people with disabilities.
Rincon understands the accessibility requirements and the impact such requirements have on governmental entities. While immediate overall compliance of an entity’s web- based materials may be cost prohibitive, step-by-step progression towards compliance is viewed affirmatively by the California Department of Justice and the California Governor’s Office.
Assumptions
• Edits to the draft measures and actions after they have been approved by the City requires substantive edits to the measures calculations, technical appendix and CAAP document. Therefore, if edits are requested after the measures calculations, technical appendix and CAAP document have been initiated, revisions will be completed on a time and materials basis in accordance with our standard fee schedule.
• All comments on the First Administrative Draft CAAP will be provided to Rincon in one consolidated set from the City and CAAP Task Force.
• Response to comment of up to five substantive public comment letters and emails on the Public Draft CAAP.
• No hard copies will be provided.
Deliverables
• First Administrative Draft CAAP (Word)
• Second Administrative Draft CAAP (Word)
• Public Draft CAAP (PDF)
• Final CAAP (PDF)
• Draft Website/Executive Summary
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• Final Website/Executive Summary
7.8 CEQA GHG Streamlining Checklist
Rincon will create a project-streamlining CEQA GHG Checklist that will allow project-level developments within the City to tier from the programmatic CAAP CEQA analysis (prepared under Task 8) for project/planlevel GHG emissions analyses in order to demonstrate consistency with the State reduction targets and CEQA Guidelines. Rincon has completed some of the first GHG checklists in California, and we will leverage our deep bench of in-house environmental planners to ensure consistency with CEQA Guidelines Section 15183.5. Upon receipt of one set of consolidated vetted comments on the Draft CEQA GHG Checklist from the City, Rincon will address comments and prepare and submit tracked and clean versions of the Final CEQA GHG Checklist to the City.
Assumptions
• Rincon has budgeted for receipt of one set of consolidated comments on each deliverable. Any additional revisions will be completed on a time and materials basis in accordance with our standard fee schedule (Section 4).
Deliverables
• Draft City CEQA GHG Checklist (one electronic copy)
• Final City CEQA GHG Checklist (one electronic copy)
7.9 CEQA GHG Thresholds
In addition, if the City proceeds with development of CEQA GHG thresholds, we would include assessment of the thresholds as part of the programmatic EIR to confirm that appropriate CEQA review of the updated thresholds occurs as part of the process and in an efficient manner. This would be done in conjunction with preparation of the programmatic CAAP CEQA analysis (prepared under Task 8, CEQA Analysis). While it is anticipated that the CEQA GHG thresholds would result in minimal environmental impacts, inclusion as part of the programmatic CAP CEQA analysis means that the thresholds are adequately analyzed under CEQA and adopted via a public review process.
Overall, development of CEQA GHG thresholds would specifically assist with defensibility of future CEQA GHG analyses consistent with CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.7(b) by:
1. Providing a basis of scientific and factual data (e.g., City GHG inventory, forecast, and targets);
2. Providing a threshold under which a project or plan’s impacts would be considered less than significant;
3. Being supported by substantial evidence; and
4. Being developed and adopted via a public review process.
The locally appropriate CEQA GHG efficiency threshold will also be created to comply with the State CEQA Guidelines and interpretative GHG case law such as Center for Biological Diversity v. California Department of Fish and Wildlife and Newhall Land and Farming (2015) 224 Cal.App.4th 1105, Save Cuyama Valley v. County of Santa Barbara (2013) 213 Cal. App.4th 1059, 1068, and Golden Door Properties, LLC v. County of San Diego/Sierra Club, LLC v. County of San Diego (2018) 27 Cal.App.5th 892, regarding the correlation between State and local conditions.
After developing the CEQA GHG thresholds, Rincon will prepare a concise guidance document for use by City staff in evaluating submitted CEQA GHG emissions analyses and by applicants in preparing CEQA GHG emissions analyses. The guidance document will detail a defensible approach for evaluating GHG emissions impacts in analyses prepared pursuant to CEQA. The document will also provide substantial evidence of the methodology’s consideration of Statewide GHG direction provided by the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA), CARB, and OPR as well as recent relevant case law.
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The guidance document will include the following sections:
1. Regulatory setting
2. Summary of the City CAP Update
3. Detailed expectations of GHG analyses for use in CEQA documents
4. Methodologies for quantifying GHG emissions from land use development projects and how to include GHG emission reductions associated with the CAP and from State legislation
5. Calculation of a locally appropriate service population threshold that aligns with the State
6. 2030 target, the CARB 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan, recent court rulings, and land uses within the City
7. List of potential measures and design features that can reduce GHG emissions from land use projects and how to calculate their effects on project or plan emissions Deliverables
• Draft CEQA GHG Thresholds and Guidance Report (one electronic copy) • Final CEQA GHG Thresholds and Guidance Report (one electronic copy) • Adding assessment of the CEQA GHG Thresholds to the overall EIR (see Task 8, CEQA Analysis) Task 8 CEQA Analysis (EIR Addendum)
Phase 2 of the GPU will include preparation of the Circulation Element, Safety Element, and, if the optional task is selected, the Climate Action and Adaptation Plan (CAAP). The Circulation Element is not anticipated to identify new transportation improvements that would result in a physical effect. In addition, Safety Elements and CAAPs typically do not generate significant environmental impacts, which primarily arise from land use development. Because land use development, which is facilitated by the Land Use Element prepared under Phase 1, will be analyzed in the Phase 1 GPU EIR, Rincon proposes to prepare an EIR Addendum for the Phase 2 GPU. An EIR Addendum is appropriate when there are minor changes or additions to a project that do not result in significant new impacts. It is used when the changes are within the scope of the original analysis, the new information was not available during the original EIR, and major revisions to mitigation measures are not required.
In accordance with Section 15164 of the CEQA Guidelines, a lead agency may prepare an addendum to a previously certified EIR if some changes or additions are necessary but none of the conditions described in Section 15162 calling for preparation of a subsequent EIR have occurred. The conditions described in Section 15162 include the following:
(1) Substantial changes are proposed in the project which will require major revisions of the previous EIR or negative declaration due to the involvement of new significant environmental effects or a substantial increase in the severity of previously identified significant effects; (2) Substantial changes occur with respect to the circumstances under which the project is undertaken which will require major revisions of the previous EIR or Negative Declaration due to the involvement of new significant environmental effects or a substantial increase in the severity of previously identified significant effects; or
(3) New information of substantial importance, which was not known and could not have been known with the exercise of reasonable diligence at the time the previous EIR was certified as complete or the Negative Declaration was adopted, shows any of the following:
a) The project will have one or more significant effects not discussed in the previous EIR or negative declaration;
b) Significant effects previously examined will be substantially more severe than shown in the previous EIR;
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c) Mitigation measures or alternatives previously found not to be feasible would in fact be feasible, and would substantially reduce one or more significant effects of the project, but the project proponents decline to adopt the mitigation measure or alternative; or d) Mitigation measures or alternatives which are considerably different from those analyzed in the previous EIR would substantially reduce one or more significant effects on the environment, but the project proponents decline to adopt the mitigation measure or alternative.
Because the Phase 2 GPU will not facilitate land use development, this scope of work assumes that the Phase 2 GPU would not result in new or substantially increased significant impacts compared to those disclosed in the Phase 1 GPU Program EIR, and that, pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15164, an EIR Addendum would be the appropriate level of supplemental CEQA review for the project. If additional land use changes are incorporated into Phase 2, or if a new impact or increase in magnitude of a previous impact or other significant new information is identified during the analysis, Rincon will notify the City immediately to determine the appropriate course of action. This could include preparation of a Supplemental or Subsequent EIR, which would require preparation of a new scope, schedule, and cost estimate for the more involved process.
Key tasks associated with an EIR Addendum are outlined below.
8.1 Phase 2 CEQA Kickoff Meeting
Rincon will facilitate a Phase 2 CEQA kickoff meeting with City staff. This meeting will serve as a forum to review and confirm study objectives and finalize the EIR Addendum scope and schedule. Rincon’s principal in charge and project manager will attend the meeting virtually, which is anticipated to last up to 1.5 hours.
8.2 Draft EIR Addendum
Rincon will prepare a Draft EIR Addendum pursuant to the requirements set forth in Section 15164 of the CEQA guidelines. The Draft EIR Addendum will include the following content:
• Introduction. The EIR Addendum will include introductory information, including a brief description of the project history and an explanation of the relationship of this document to Phase 1 GPU EIR, as well as a description of the required contents and applicability of preparing an Addendum. • Environmental Impact Evaluation. The EIR Addendum will evaluate whether the Phase 2 GPU would have different environmental impacts or a different degree of impact than those identified in the Phase 1 GPU EIR. The Addendum will describe policies within the Circulation and Safety Elements, as well as within the CAAP (if this optional task is selected), that would be expected to reduce physical impacts identified by land use development in the Phase 1 GPU. Issue areas anticipated to see a reduction include energy, greenhouse gas emissions, hazards and hazardous materials, transportation, and wildfire. The impact evaluation will briefly and qualitatively address all issue areas discussed in the Phase 1 EIR.
The Draft EIR Addendum will be in the format of a stand-alone report. Rincon will submit an electronic copy of the Draft IS-MND Addendum in Microsoft Word for City review and comment.
8.3 Screencheck Draft EIR Addendum
Rincon will address one round of City comments on the EIR Addendum and prepare a Screencheck Draft EIR Addendum. All comments from the City will be provided as a consolidated set of comments in editable electronic format (i.e., as tracked changes in Microsoft Word). If there are multiple reviewers, the City will be responsible for reconciling conflicting comments prior to sending to Rincon. To maintain momentum in the project schedule and provide cost efficiency, we assume City comments will focus on any new content in the previous version of the Addendum, and new comments on previously submitted content will be minimal. The Screencheck Addendum will be submitted to the City in Microsoft Word with track changes retained.
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8.4 Final EIR Addendum
Once the City approves the Screencheck Addendum, Rincon will prepare the Final EIR Addendum. Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15164(c), an Addendum need not be circulated for public review. However, for increased transparency, the City may elect to circulate the document to the public pursuant to Optional Task
8.7 below.
Rincon will prepare a Notice of Determination (NOD) for City review. Rincon will address one round of comments on the NOD. Rincon will be responsible for filing the NOD with the Monterey County Clerk’s office, with a copy of the City’s CDFW filing receipt from the Phase 1 GPU EIR; payment of CDFW fees is not required for an Addendum.
The Final IS-MND Addendum will be provided in digital (PDF) format. The PDF will not be formatted for ADA Section 508 accessibility unless requested by the City for an additional fee.
8.5 Phase 2 Administrative Record
Rincon will maintain the Administrative Record for the Phase 2 GPU EIR Addendum, as described under Task
5.13. 8.6 Phase 2 Legal Review
This scope includes legal review of the Draft EIR Addendum and Final EIR Addendum, to be conducted prior to City review of each deliverable. A total of 10 staff hours is included in this task for legal review. Additional legal review can be provided on a time and materials basis to provide a more thorough review of specific topic areas as requested by the City.
8.7 EIR Addendum Public Review and Responses to Comments (Optional) Although not required by CEQA, as an optional task, Rincon can circulate the Draft EIR Addendum for public review. Rincon would prepare an NOC and NOA, and circulate the document as described under Task 5.8 Public Draft EIR. If this task is selected, Rincon recommends a 45-day public review period.
Upon receipt of public comments on the EIR Addendum, Rincon would prepare draft responses to comments and an Administrative Final EIR Addendum for review by the City. This scope of work assumes up to 15 comment letters containing comments on the content of the CEQA document will be received, including two lengthy (over five pages) and/or substantive letters, all of which can be adequately responded to in a maximum of 100 professional staff hours.
Comment letters that solely express support or opposition to the Phase 1 GPU would not count against the 15-letter estimate. The actual level of effort required to respond will depend on the length, detail, and sophistication of the comments, in addition to the number of letters received. We reserve the right to reevaluate the effort level and request a scope amendment upon close of the public comment period. If the number of comment letters and the effort to prepare responses is greater than anticipated, Rincon will notify City staff immediately and discuss options to amend our scope of work and budget as necessary.
Rincon will address one round of consolidated City comments, to be provided in editable format, on the draft Responses to Comments and prepare a Screencheck Responses to Comments, in Microsoft Word with edits shown in track changes. Upon City review and approval of the Screencheck, Rincon will submit the Final EIR Addendum for hearing.
This optional task includes attendance by Rincon’s environmental lead at one virtual Planning Commission hearing and one in-person City Council hearing to support staff when these bodies consider the EIR Addendum. This hearing attendance is in addition to the meetings identified in Task 9, Public Hearings.
Phase 2 Deliverables
Administrative/working drafts will be provided in Microsoft Word. Revised documents will be provided in Microsoft Word with edits shown in track changes. Adobe PDF documents will be provided for public draft PGCC 8-2-2023
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and final documents and shared via email and through the SharePoint site as part of the final administrative record. Unless authorized as an additional task, documents will not be formatted for ADA compliance. • Draft EIR Addendum (Microsoft Word)
• Screencheck Draft EIR Addendum (Microsoft Word with track changes retained) • Final EIR Addendum (Adobe PDF copy with user-friendly cross-reference hyperlinks) • Draft and Final NOP (Adobe PDF)
• Notice of Determination (Adobe PDF)
Task 9 Public Hearings
9.1 Public Hearings
This task provides a budgeted allowance for the Rincon team to attend public hearings for Phase II. For purposes of this proposal, we have assumed the following participation:
• Two Planning Commission Hearings (virtual)
• Three City Council Hearings (two in-person, one virtual)
9.2 Final Documents
Based on final direction and comments provided by the City Council, the Rincon team will prepare the final documents. This task assumes minor editorial edits necessary to finalize the documents.
Assumptions
• This task assumes attendance by 2 Rincon team members at each hearing, attendance by 2 WRT team members at 1 meeting, and attendance by 2 Kimley-Horn team members at 2 meetings • This task assumes hearings are no more than 4 hours each (plus travel time) Deliverables
• Presentation and attendance at public hearings
• Final Architectural Objective Design and Development Standards • Final General Plan
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3 Schedule (Revised)
The proposed project workplan is generally organized in the following key phases:
Workplan Phases Estimated Start Estimated Completion
Phase I – Rezoning, Objective
Design and Development Standards,
Land Use Element, Program EIR
September 2023 December 2024
Phase II – Health and Safety
Element, Transportation Element,
CAAP (optional), Community
Character/Architectural Objective
Design and Development Standards,
EIR Addendum
March/April 2024 July 2026
Note: *the estimated start and completion dates are based on estimates made at the time this proposal was prepared and in consideration of fiscal year funding constraints. A refined schedule will be provided after the project kick off meeting and once the community engagement plan is finalized. ** some plan preparation tasks associated with zoning are anticipated to occur earlier in the process A more detailed schedule is provided in Table 1. Please note that the schedule, particularly for Phase I, is aggressive. Rincon has an excellent reputation for adhering to schedules and meeting milestones. Though aggressive, by streamlining certain tasks and initiating environmental review concurrent with Phase I planning efforts, we believe the portions of the timeline within Rincon’s control to be achievable.
The ability to meet this schedule depends on City staff commitment to expedited review times and other factors outside of Rincon’s control. If additional community engagement, rounds of review, or extended public review periods are requested, if substantive revisions are required in response to City comments, or if decision-maker guidance changes, the Draft General Plan or EIR release date may extend. In addition, if a substantial number of public comment letters are received on the Public Draft Zoning Ordinance amendments, General Plan, or Phase I Draft EIR, or if the technical and legal sophistication of comments exceed assumptions made herein, additional time to prepare responses to comments may be required.
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Table 1 Estimated Project Schedule by Subtask
PHASE I
Task Estimated Timeline Key Deliverables
Task 1 Project Initiation and Coordination
1.1 Kick Off Meeting and City Tour September 2023 -Attendance at Kick Off Meeting
1.2 Document Gathering September 2023 – October 2023 -Request additional data/documents
1.3 Scope of Work and Schedule Refinement September 2023 – October 2023 -Detailed Schedule in consideration of Fiscal Year
funding constraints
1.4 Document Set Up October 2023 – November 2023 -Template Package
1.5 Project Coordination Ongoing – allowance for up to 30 biweekly meetings during active
project periods
-Monthly invoice/progress
reporting during active months
-Biweekly meeting agendas and
notes
Task 2 Targeted Community Engagement
2.1 Community Engagement Plan September 2023 – November 2023
-Draft and Final Community
Engagement Plan
2.2 Online Engagement November 2023 (start) -Website content -Draft and Final Micro Surveys (2)
2.3 Virtual Focus Group Meetings January 2024 (start) -Consultant team to participate in 3 Focus Group meetings
during Phase I
2.4 Virtual Stakeholder Interviews November 2023 (start) -Interviews (organized per Community Engagement Plan)
2.5 Workshops November 2023 (start) -Three community workshops at key milestones during Phase I
2.6 Study Sessions/Public Meetings October 2023 (start) -Consultant team to participate in 2 virtual study sessions
Task 3 Zoning Ordinance Amendments
3.1 Zoning Map Amendments October 2023 – January 2024 -Screencheck, Administrative, Public Review, Public Hearing
Drafts of Zoning Map
3.2 Zoning Text Amendments October 2023 – March 2024 -Zoning Ordinance Amendments Matrix
-Two Fit-test Studies
-Screencheck, Administrative,
Public Review, Public Hearing
Drafts of Zoning Text
Amendments
3.3 Existing Land Use Conditions Memo January 2024 – February 2024 -Draft and Final Land Use Conditions Memo
3.4 Land Use Element Updates March 2024 - May 2024 -Screencheck, Administrative, Public Review, Public Hearing
Drafts of Land Use Element
Update
Task 4 Environmental Compliance
9.1 Phase 1 CEQA Kick Off Meeting January 2024 -Meeting with City staff
9.2 EIR Notice of Preparation Early February 2024 -NOP
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9.3 EIR Project Description February – Early March 2024 -Project Description
9.4 Scoping Meeting March 2024 -Attendance at Scoping Meeting
9.5 AB 52 and SB 18 Consultation March - June 2024 -Tribal Consultation
9.6 ADEIR Early March – Early May 2024 -ADEIR
9.7 Screencheck Draft EIR Late May 2024 -Screencheck DEIR
9.8 Public Draft EIR June 2024 -Draft for Public Review
9.9 Response to Comments and Admin FEIR Mid-August – End September 2024
-Response to Comments and
Admin FEIR
9.10 MMRP October 2024 -MMRP
9.11 Final EIR October 2024 -Final EIR
9.12 CEQA Findings and Statement of
Overriding Considerations
October 2024 -CEQA findings
9.13 Phase 1 Administrative Record October 2024 -Admin Record
9.14 Phase 1 Legal Review May - July 2024
6.1 Public Hearings November-December 2024 - Public Hearing attendance Phase II
Task 1 Project Initiation and Coordination
1.1 Project Coordination Ongoing – allowance for up to 60 biweekly meetings during active
project periods
-Monthly invoice/progress
reporting during active months
-Biweekly meeting agendas and
notes
Task 2 Community Engagement
2.1 Community Engagement Plan March 2024 – May 2024 -Draft and Final Engagement Plan
2.2 Online Engagement May 2024 (start) -Website content -Draft and Final Micro Surveys (3)
-Educational Videos (2)
2.3 Community Workshops July 2024 (start) -3 in-person and 5 virtual workshops at key milestones
during Phase II
2.4 General Plan Technical Advisory Group August 2024 (start) - Consultant team to participate in 6 meetings
2.5 Virtual Stakeholder Interviews July 2024 (start) -Interviews (organized per Community Engagement Plan)
2.6 Study Sessions August 2024 (start) -Consultant team to participate in 2 virtual and 1 in-person study
sessions
2.7 Walking Tour September 2024 -Consultant team to organize and facilitate
Task 3 Existing Conditions and Issues and Opportunities
3.1 General Plan Audit June 2024 -General Plan Audit Matrix
3.2 Existing Conditions Background and
Technical Memorandums
July 2024 - November 2024 -Draft and Final Existing
Conditions Background and
Technical Memorandums
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Task 4 Architectural Objective Design and Development Standards
4.1 Architectural ODDS June 2024 – February 2025 -Provisions Catalogue, Place Type Map, and Summary Memo
-Admin Draft Architectural ODDS
Standards and Narrative
-Public Draft Architectural ODDS
Standards
Task 5 General Plan Updates
5.1 First Administrative Draft March 2025 – July 2025 -First Administrative Draft
5.2 Second and Public Draft August 2025 – November 2025 -Second Administrative Draft -Public Review Draft
-Public Hearing Draft
Task 6 CEQA Analysis (EIR Addendum)
6.1 Phase 2 CEQA Kick Off Meeting November 2025 -Meeting with City staff
6.2 Draft EIR Addendum December 2025 - January 2026 -Draft Addendum
6.3 Screencheck Draft EIR Addendum February 2026 -Screencheck Addendum
6.4 Final EIR Addendum March 2026 -Final Addendum
6.5 Phase 2 Administrative Record March 2026 -Admin Record
6.6 Phase 2 Legal Review January - March 2026
Task 7 Public Hearings
7.1 Planning Commission and City Council
Meetings
April-May 2026 - Public Hearing attendance
7.2 Final General Plan June 2026 -Final General Plan documents PGCC 8-2-2023
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4 Cost Estimate (Revised)
4.1 Cost Assumptions
Rincon has provided an itemized budget below inclusive of anticipated costs associated with the project, broken down by task and person per hour. This budget includes labor categories, hourly rate, estimated hours per task and total number of hours and costs, along with subconsultant labor and direct costs. This budget has been prepared with the objective of providing an honest assessment of fees and expenses, and we have identified assumptions aimed at ensuring clear expectations.
Rincon assumed the following in developing our scope of work and cost estimate. • All deliverables will be provided electronically in PDF and/or Word format. Comments from the City will be provided as a single, consolidated set of comments in editable electronic format (i.e., as track changes in MS Word). Following review, each deliverable will be finalized and submitted in electronic (PDF and/or Word) format. The City will be responsible for printing all hard copy documents.
• Assumptions related to outreach materials have been included in Section 1 under each relevant task.
Materials and printing costs will be established through the Community Engagement Plan in accordance with the allotted budget.
• Costs have been allocated to tasks based upon Rincon’s proposed approach. Rincon may re-allocate costs among tasks and/or direct costs as circumstances warrant so long as the adjustments maintain the total price within its authorized amount.
• The fees associated with this project are our best estimates based upon our experience and the information provided. Unexpected or unanticipated circumstances may arise that cause additional work to be necessary or which may affect the proposed scope and budget. Rincon recommends including a 10% contingency to cover these potential circumstances. Use of the contingency would only be used upon mutual agreement with City staff.
• Rincon included the meeting assumptions provided in Table 2 in developing our scope of work and cost estimate.
• Other Direct Costs. Costs associated with the execution of a project, that are not included in the hourly rates above, are billed at cost plus 16%. These may include, but are not limited to, laboratory and drilling services, subcontractor services, authorized travel expenses, permit charges and filing fees, mailings and postage, performance bonds, sample handling and shipment, rental equipment, and vehicles other than covered by the above charges.
• Annual Escalation. Rincon’s standard rates are subject to an annual escalation. Rincon will meet with City staff annually to adjust scope, fee and schedules to accommodate these changes. The contingency budget is anticipated to be used to support increased fees that resulting from annual fee schedule escalation.
• Payment Terms. All fees will be billed to Client monthly and shall be due and payable upon receipt or as indicated in the contract provisions for the assignment. Invoices are delinquent if not paid within ten (10) days from receipt or per the contractually required payment terms.
PGCC 8-2-2023
City of Pacific Grove
Focused General Plan Revised Proposal July 2023
4.2 Focused General Plan Update Cost Summary
The estimated budget for the Focused General Plan Update would be:
Phase I $990,810
Phase II $1,094,911
Phase I + Phase II $2,085,721
Phase I + Phase II + Contingency $2,294,293
Phase I + Phase II + Optional Tasks $2,419,749
Phase I + Phase II + Contingency + Optional Tasks $2,628,321 A more detailed cost breakdown by task is provided in Table 3. We are prepared to initiate work immediately upon execution of a contract and receipt of a notice to proceed.
4.3 Optional Tasks
The proposal includes the following optional tasks:
Optional Tasks Budget Estimate
Phase I
2.7 As Needed Engagement $30,800
Phase II
2.8 As Needed Engagement $30,800
3.2.6 Transportation and Parking Analysis $24,908
6 Economic Analysis $88,392
7 Climate Action and Adaptation Plan $132,554
8.7 EIR Addendum Public Review and Responses to Comments $26,574 Total Optional $334,028
PGCC 8-2-2023
City of Pacific Grove
Focused General Plan Revised Proposal July 2023
Table 2 Meeting Cost Assumptions
Rincon WRT Kimley-Horn
PHASE I
Kickoff Meeting and City Tour Attendees 4 attendees in-person, 3 attendees virtual
2 attendees in-person 2 attendees, in-person
Estimated Duration 2 hour Kick Off + 4 hour City Tour 2 hour Kick Off + 4 hour City Tour 2 hour Kick Off Travel 13 hours, 200 miles round trip, 2 flight round-trip (combined)
4 hours, 230 miles round-trip 1 hour round-trip
Biweekly Check-in Calls Attendees Avg 1.5 attendees As needed As needed Estimated Duration 30 mins, 30 total mtgs 30 mins
Virtual Focus Group Meetings Attendees 2 attendees 2 attendees Estimated Duration 2 hours, 3 total mtgs 2 hours, 1 meeting Attendees 2 attendees 2 attendee2
Virtual Stakeholder Interviews Estimated Duration 1 hour, 10 meetings 1 hour, 3 meetings Attendees 2 attendees 2 attendees
Workshops Estimated Duration 2 hours setup + tear-down, 2 hours hosting
2 hours setup + tear-down,
2 hours hosting
Travel 13 hours, 200 miles round-trip, 1 flight round trip 4 hours, 230 miles round-trip Study Sessions/Public Meetings Attendees 2 attendees 1 attendee Estimated Duration 4 hours, 2 meetings 4 hours, 1 meeting Attendees 2 attendees
Virtual CEQA Kickoff Meeting Estimated Duration 1.5 hours Attendees 2 attendees
Scoping Meeting Estimated Duration 1 hour
Travel 30 minutes, 10 miles round-trip
6 hours, 380 miles round-trip
Public Hearings Attendees 2 attendees 2 attendees 2 attendees Estimated Duration 12 hours, 3 virtual and 1 in-person meetings 4 hours, 1 meeting 4 hours, 2 meetings Travel 4 hours, 200 miles round trip 4 hours, 230 miles round-trip 30 minutes round trip PGCC 8-2-2023
City of Pacific Grove
Focused General Plan Revised Proposal July 2023
Rincon WRT Kimley-Horn
PHASE II
Kickoff Meeting Attendees 4 attendees 2 attendees 1 attendee Estimated Duration 2 hours 2 hours 2 hours
Biweekly Check-in Calls Attendees Avg 1.5 attendees As needed As needed Estimated Duration 30 mins, 60 total mtgs 30 mins 30 mins Workshops Attendees 2 attendees 2 attendees 2 attendees Estimated Duration 2 hours setup + tear-down,
2 hours hosting
2 hours setup + tear-down,
2 hours hosting
2 hours setup + tear-down,
2 hours hosting
Travel 13 hours, 200 miles round-trip, 1 flight round trip 4 hours, 230 miles round-trip 1 hour round-trip GPTAG Attendees 2 attendees 1 attendee
Estimated Duration 2 hours, 6 mtgs 2 hours, 3 meetings
Virtual Stakeholder Interviews Attendees 2 attendees 1 attendee Estimated Duration 1 hour, 10 meetings 1 hour, 1 meeting Study Sessions/Public Meetings Attendees 2 attendees 1 attendee Estimated Duration 4 hours, 2 virtual and 1 in-person meetings 4 hours, 1 in-person meeting 13 hours, 200 miles round-trip, 1 flight round trip 4 hours, 230 miles round-trip Walking Tour Attendees 1 attendee 2 attendees
Estimated Duration 4 hours 2 hours
Travel 4 hours, 200 miles round-trip 4 hours, 230 miles round-trip Virtual CEQA Kickoff Meeting Attendees 2 attendees
Estimated Duration 1.5 hours
Public Hearings Attendees 2 attendees 1 attendee 2 attendees Estimated Duration 12 hours, 3 virtual and 1 in-person meetings 8 hours, 2 virtual meetings 4 hours, 2 meetings Travel 4 hours, 200 miles round trip 30 minutes round trip PGCC 8-2-2023
Cost Estimate (Revised)
Rincon Consultants, Inc. Page 75
PGCC 8-2-2023
City of Pacific Grove
Focused General Plan Revised Proposal July 2023
Table 3 Focused General Plan Update Cost Proposal
RINCON CONSULTANTS, INC.
22-13730 City of Pacific Grove General
Plan, Zoning Code and CEQA
Cost Estimate
22-13730 City of Pacific Grove General Plan, Zoning Code and CEQA Hours Labor Budget Direct
Expenses Total Budget
Phase I Focused GPU
Task 1: Project Initiation and Coordination 461.00 109,871.00 44,393.20 154,264.20
1.1 Kickoff Meeting and City Tour 106.00 26,818.00 9,222.00 36,040.00
1.2 Document Review and Gathering 28.00 5,352.00 14,244.80 19,596.80
1.3 Scope of Work and Schedule Refinement 7.00 1,875.00 3,097.20 4,972.20
1.4 Document Set Up 20.00 4,316.00 0.00 4,316.00
1.5 Project Coordination 300.00 71,510.00 17,829.20 89,339.20 Task 2: Targeted Community Engagement 590.00 123,420.00 23,377.40 146,797.40
2.1 Community Engagement Plan 66.00 13,560.00 464.00 14,024.00
2.2 Online Engagement 102.00 18,542.00 0.00 18,542.00
2.3 Virtual Focus Group Meetings (3) 82.00 17,784.00 2,436.00 20,220.00
2.4 Virtual Stakeholder Interviews (10) 46.00 9,548.00 3,190.00 12,738.00
2.5 Workshops (1 virtual, 2 in person) 222.00 47,942.00 13,517.40 61,459.40
2.6 Study Sessions/Public Meetings (2 virtual) 72.00 16,044.00 3,770.00 19,814.00 Task 3: Zoning Ordinance Amendments 353.00 76,869.00 86,513.96 163,382.96
3.1 Zoning Map Updates 30.00 6,130.00 4,245.60 10,375.60
3.2 Zoning Text Amendments 323.00 70,739.00 82,268.36 153,007.36 Task 4: Land Use Consistency Updates 295.00 60,965.00 0.00 58,065.00
4.1 Existing Land Use Conditions and Future
Development Memorandum 137.00 28,253.00 0.00 28,253.00
4.2 Land Use Element Updates 138.00 29,812.00 0.00 29,812.00 GIS/CADD Specialist I 20.00 2,900.00
Task 5: Environmental Compliance (Program EIR) 1,439.00 304,849.00 84,613.65 389,462.65
5.1 Phase 1 CEQA Kickoff Meeting 11.00 2,731.00 0.00 2,731.00
5.2 EIR Notice of Preparation 12.00 2,522.00 0.00 2,522.00
5.3 EIR Project Description 25.00 4,821.00 0.00 4,821.00
5.4 Scoping Meeting 25.00 6,159.00 825.45 6,984.45
5.5 AB 52 and SB 18 Consultation Assistance 18.00 4,134.00 0.00 4,134.00
5.6 Administrative Draft EIR 923.00 193,065.00 73,126.40 266,191.40
5.7 Screencheck Draft EIR 66.00 13,682.00 0.00 13,682.00
5.8 Public Draft EIR 53.00 9,881.00 674.00 10,555.00
5.9 Response to Comments and Administrative Final EIR 150.00 33,400.00 9,871.60 43,271.60
5.10 Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program 19.00 3,954.00 0.00 3,954.00
5.11 Final EIR 40.00 8,343.00 116.20 8,459.20
5.12 CEQA Findings, Statement of Overriding
Considerations, and Resolution 47.00 9,806.00 0.00 9,806.00
5.13 Phase 1 Administrative Record 30.00 6,711.00 0.00 6,711.00
5.14 Phase 1 Legal Review 20.00 5,640.00 0.00 5,640.00
Task 6: Public Hearings and Final Documents 230.00 58,180.00 20,657.75 78,837.75
6.1 Public Hearings 188.00 49,188.00 20,657.75 69,845.75
6.2 Final Documents 42.00 8,992.00 0.00 8,992.00
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Cost Estimate (Revised)
Rincon Consultants, Inc. Page 77
Phase I Total 3,368.00 734,154.00 259,555.96 990,809.96 Phase I Contingency (10%) 99,081.00
Phase II Focused GPU
Task 1: Project Initiation and Coordination 427.00 100,503.00 43,395.60 143,898.60
1.1 Kickoff Meeting 10.00 2,518.00 4,466.00 6,984.00
1.2 Document Gathering 8.00 1,842.00 9,222.00 11,064.00
1.3 Scope of Work and Schedule Refinement 7.00 1,875.00 2,169.20 4,044.20
1.4 Document Set Up 12.00 2,348.00 0.00 2,348.00
1.5 Project Coordination 390.00 91,920.00 27,538.40 119,458.40 Task 2: Community Engagement 1,051.00 219,761.00 90,443.80 310,204.80
2.1 Community Engagement Plan 66.00 13,560.00 0.00 13,560.00
2.2 Online Engagement 213.00 40,139.00 0.00 40,139.00
2.3 Workshops (3 in-person, 5 virtual) 470.00 100,894.00 51,966.60 152,860.60
2.4 GPTAC (6 virtual) 164.00 35,568.00 16,332.80 51,900.80
2.5 Virtual Stakeholder (10) 46.00 9,548.00 3,596.00 13,144.00
2.6 Study Sessions/Public Meetings (2 virtual) 72.00 16,044.00 8,932.00 24,976.00
2.7 Walking Tour 20.00 4,008.00 9,616.40 13,624.40
76,182.00 93,496.60 169,678.60
Task 3: Existing Conditions and Issues and
Opportunities 370.00 76,182.00 93,496.60 169,678.60
3.1 General Plan Audit 48.00 9,630.00 0.00 9,630.00
3.2. Existing Conditions Background and Technical
Memorandums 322.00 66,552.00 93,496.60 160,048.60
Task 4: Architectural/Comm Character Objective
Design and Development Standards 24.00 6,516.00 131,033.60 137,549.60
4.1 Catalogue Existing Objectives vs. Subjective Provisions 2.00 543.00 11,808.80 12,351.80
4.2 Place Types and Building Types 4.00 1,086.00 25,311.20 26,397.20
4.3 Recent Precedents 2.00 543.00 9,256.80 9,799.80
4.4 Organization of Standards 2.00 543.00 8,189.60 8,732.60
4.5 Initial Drafts 4.00 1,086.00 43,616.00 44,702.00
4.6 Administrative Draft 4.00 1,086.00 21,413.60 22,499.60
4.7 City Clarifications and Final Direction 4.00 1,086.00 3,944.00 5,030.00
4.8 Public Review Draft 2.00 543.00 7,493.60 8,036.60
Task 5: General Plan Update 689.00 145,273.00 57,582.40 202,855.40
5.1 First Administrative Draft General Plan 472.00 96,702.00 47,652.80 144,354.80
5.2 Second Administrative Draft and Public Draft General Plans 217.00 48,571.00 9,929.60 58,500.60
Task 8: Environmental Compliance (EIR Addendum) 173.00 35,739.00 15,892.00 51,631.00
8.1 Phase 2 CEQA Kickoff Meeting 8.00 1,974.00 0.00 1,974.00
8.2 Draft EIR Addendum 102.00 20,272.00 15,892.00 36,164.00
8.3 Screencheck Draft EIR Addendum 26.00 5,246.00 0.00 5,246.00
8.4 Final EIR Addendum 16.00 2,986.00 0.00 2,986.00
8.5 Phase 2 Administrative Record 11.00 2,441.00 0.00 2,441.00
8.6 Phase 2 Legal Review 10.00 2,820.00 0.00 2,820.00
Task 9: Public Hearings and Final Documents 230.00 58,180.00 20,913.00 79,093.00
9.1 Public Hearings 188.00 49,188.00 20,913.00 70,101.00
9.2 Final Documents 42.00 8,992.00 0.00 8,992.00
Phase II Total 2,964.00 642,154.00 452,757.00 1,094,911.00 Phase II Contingency (10%) 109,491.10
Direct Expenses Summary Amount
PGCC 8-2-2023
City of Pacific Grove
Focused General Plan Revised Proposal July 2023
Digital Production - Flash Drive 40.00
Per Diem - job chargeable 8,062.00
Per Diem- Lodging 300.00
Photocopies - Black and White 250.00
Photocopies - Color 62.00
Postage, Shipping, Delivery 232.00
Travel - Mileage 1,100.40
Travel (airfare, ground trans, lodging) 1,714.00
Vehicle Day Rate 630.00
WRT 381,977.56
Kimley-Horn 317,698.00
Direct Expenses Subtotal 712,065.96
Optional Task Summary Amount
Phase 1 Task 2.7 As Need Engagement 30,800.00
Phase 2 Task 2.8 As Needed Engagement 30,800.00
Phase 2 Task 3.2.6 Transportation and Parking Analysis 24,908.00 Phase 2 Task 6 Economic Analysis 88,392.00
Phase 2 Task 7 Climate Action and Adaptation Plan 132,554.00 Phase 2 Task 8.7 Addendum Public Review and RTCs 26,574.00 Optional Task Subtotal 334,028.00
Phase I + Phase II 2,085,720.96
Phase I + Phase II + Contingency 2,294,293.06
Phase I + Phase II + Optional Tasks 2,419,748.96
Phase I + Phase II + Contingency + Optional Tasks 2,628,321.06 PGCC 8-2-2023
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PGCC 8-2-2023
Agenda No. 12 B
CITY OF PACIFIC GROVE
300 Forest Avenue, Pacific Grove, California 93950
TO: Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
FROM: Susan Myers, Beautification and Natural Resources Commission MEETING DATE: August 02, 2023
SUBJECT: Concept review of proposed updates to Pacific Grove Municipal Code Chapter
11.98 Reduction of Single-Use Plastics.
CEQA: Does not constitute a “Project” per California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines Section 15378
RECOMMENDATION
Receive presentation and provide direction to incorporate the proposed modifications to Pacific Grove Municipal Code Chapter 11.98 Reduction of Single-Use Plastics.
DISCUSSION
Council adopted Chapters 11.98 of the municipal code entitled “Reduction of Single-Use Plastics” (the “Ordinance”) on November 7, 2019. The Ordinance was to become enforceable in April, 2020.
Unfortunately, COVID-19 public health measures such as stay at home orders and guidance to avoid potentially contaminated surfaces along with supply chain constraints caused enforcement efforts to be postponed and relaxed.
On October 2nd 2022, the Beautification and Natural Resources Commission (“BNRC”) presented to Council proposed modifications to the Ordinance recommended by BNRC based upon current conditions, trends and recent changes to state law. Council asked the BNRC to engage with local businesses to discuss the Ordinance (and proposed modifications) and then to return to Council for further consideration. On February 6th 2023, the BNRC, Chamber of Commerce, Sustainable Pacific Grove and City Staff hosted a workshop for local businesses to discuss the current Ordinance and proposed modifications.
BNRC hereby proposes the following modifications to the current Ordinance:
11.98.020 Definitions
1. “Compostable” or “Certified Compostable” should be defined as including only materials that meet the standard designated or accepted by the local waste hauler and ReGen Monterey, as modified from time to time.
2. “Reusable bags” should be defined as including any plastic bag that is at least 2.25 mils thick that can be cleaned or disinfected a minimum of 125 times.
11.98.030 Ban on single-use plastics and plastic bags and charge for paper carryout bags
1. Change the minimum recycled content requirement for carryout paper bags from 100% to 75% PGCC 8-2-2023
recycled material.
2. Offer only paper bags at checkout. (Cost will remain $0.10.)
3.All reusable plastic bags, such as the type currently offered at checkout by local grocery stores as an alternative to paper bags, are to be sold separately and priced at not less than $1.00.
4. In addition to allowing Compostable bags for carryout of wet items, produce, pharmacy, cards, etc., also allow compliant paper bags.
5. Prohibit balloons, confetti and glitter from being used at public parks or on public lands, whether for permitted events or allowed unpermitted use. The prohibitions should be made highly visible on permit applications and the City website.
11.98.035 Ban on single-use disposable food service ware
1. Require that all disposable food service ware is limited to those products that are either (i) “certified compostable” or (ii) recyclable non-plastic products, such as aluminum and glass. Non-plastic single-use products shall be allowed only if they are accepted for composting or recycling by the local waste hauler and ReGen Monterey.
2. Food service providers WILL charge a $0.25 fee per for each to go cup to cover the difference in cost from SUDs. (Current language in ordinance makes this charge optional.) BNRC recommends that the Ordinance should be reviewed by the City Attorney for general updating in recognition of new State Laws that have been enacted since the adoption of the Ordinance.
OPTIONS
Do nothing and keep the code as is.
FINANCIAL IMPACT:
There is no fiscal impact by receiving the report. Implementation of proposed changes would impact businesses and customers.
FOCUSED PRIORITY AREA: Environmental Stewardship
PGCC 8-2-2023
Agenda No. 14 A
CITY OF PACIFIC GROVE
300 Forest Avenue, Pacific Grove, California 93950
TO: Honorable Mayor and Members of the City Council
FROM: Sandra Kandell, City Clerk/DEI Coordinator
MEETING DATE: August 02, 2023
SUBJECT: Pay A Visit to the Monterey Pine Forest, by Nicole "Nikki" Nedeff, Consulting Ecologist
CEQA: Does not constitute a “Project” per California Environmental Quality Act Guidelines Section 15378
RECOMMENDATION
Receive presentation.
Attachments
PPT
PGCC 8-2-2023
Nicole Nedeff, Consulting Ecologist
August 2, 2023
Pay a Visit to the
Monterey Pine Forest
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Poppy Hills Golf Course
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Doug Steakley …think about pine forests in a different way PGCC 8-2-2023
BIODIVERSITY RESULTS FROM:
Climate - seasonal patterns of precipitation and temperature, often reflecting latitudinal variability, elevation or
proximity to the coast
Physiography – physical features and patterns, variation of the landscape, topography, elevation
Geology - structure and minerology of rocks, variable soil (edaphic) conditions like chemistry, texture,
porosity, nutrients
Evolutionary History – slow or quick change over time, or relatively no change - “refugia” where species persist, plasticity, adaptation to changing conditions
Weirdness – unexplainable things, mutations
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BIODIVERSITY…
- Climate
- Physiography
- Geology
- Evolutionary History
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Richard & Ann Pettit
Pinus radiata
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Serotiny is an
ecological adaptation
exhibited by some seed
plants. Seed release
occurs in response to an
environmental trigger,
rather than
spontaneously at seed
maturation. The most
common and best
studied trigger is fire.
“CLOSED CONES” = SEROTINOUS CONES
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Virdette Brumm & Robertson Parkman
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• Unique, disjunct plant communities… small,
isolated populations (patches) of trees.
• Located in three “arboreal islands” along the
Central California’s coast and on 2 Baja islands.
• Influenced by soil (edaphic) conditions.
• Many associated endemic species.
• SEROTINOUS cones with adaptations to fire.
• Relict species, or soil ecotypes (or both)??
• The fossil record tells us Monterey pines were
once far-ranging in California.
MONTEREY PINE FORESTS =
“ARBOREAL ISLAND” ECOSYSTEMS
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Acreage in 2018
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Monterey pine plantation in New Zealand
New Zealand Forestry
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Each population is genetically distinct
Cambria
Año Nuevo
Monterey
Cedros
Guadalupe
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Robin Way
FOG… maritime influence in Mediterranean climate =
supplemental moisture during dry summer months
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Robin Way
- Acidic, nutrient-poor soils
- Shallow soil layer with hardpan within a few feet
- Perched watertables
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2018
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pine rose Hickman’s cinquefoil Hickman’s onion
Yadon’s
rein-orchid
sandmat manzanita
Hooker’s manzanita
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Monterey cypress Gowen cypress
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Tom Moss
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Pygmy Nuthatch Purple Finch Ringneck Snake
Monterey Dusky-footed Woodrat
Steller’s Jay
Scrub Jay
Red-shouldered Hawk Great Horned Owl
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Mari Kloeppel - Courtesy of Julia Foster-Bates
Resource, as well as inspiration
Ocean Avenue, Carmel
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Then are these pioneers great; they stand
Self-authorizing, unshifting,
From the lone verge of sea and land
Their sunlit spires uplifting.
They live so hard, they fare so ill,
Their prosperous noontide finds them still
Austere and unsubduable.
Robinson Jeffers, A Westward Beach
George Sterling
Robert Louis Stevenson
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Diseases Invasives
Fragmentation
Urbanization
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Robin Way
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