Agenda packet, regular meeting, first session — Palmdale City Council, May 1, 2024 (part 4 of 6)

References

Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Study 41
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. 2015. Air Toxics Hot Spots Program Guidance Manual for Preparation of Health Risk Assessments.
https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/2015guidancemanual.pdf (accessed September 2023).

Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). 2020. 2020-2045 Regional Transportation Plan and Sustainable Communities Strategy – Demographics & Regional Growth Forecast Technical Report. September 2020. https://scag.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file- attachments/0903fconnectsocal_demographics-and-growth-forecast.pdf (accessed September 2023).
____. 2020. Connect SoCal: The 2020-2045 Regional Transportation Plan/Sustainable Communities Strategy of the Southern California Association of Governments. Adopted May 7, 2020. https://scag.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file-attachments/0903fconnectsocal- plan_0.pdf?1606001176 (accessed September 2023).

Palmdale, City of. 2022. City of Palmdale General Plan. https://www.palmdale2045.org/general- plan (accessed September 2023).

State of California. 2018. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment Statewide Summary Report. August 27, 2018. https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019- 11/Statewide_Reports-SUM-CCCA4-2018-013_Statewide_Summary_Report_ADA.pdf (accessed September 2023).

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). N.d. Benzene. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/benzene.pdf (accessed September 2023).
____. 2021a. Climate Change Indicators: Atmospheric Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases. Last updated April 2021. https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators- atmospheric-concentrations-greenhouse-gases (accessed September 2023). ____. 2021b. Climate Change Indicators: Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Last updated April 2021. https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-global- greenhouse-gas-emissions (accessed September 2023).
____. 2023. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2021. April 2023. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks- 1990-2021 (accessed September 2023).

World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 2013. A summary of current and climate change findings and figures: a WMO information note. March 2013. https://library.wmo.int/opac/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=15892#.Wt9-Z8gvzIU (accessed September 2023).

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359 Project

42 This page intentionally left blank.

Appendix A
California Emission Estimator Model (CalEEMod) Outputs
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
1 / 50
TTM 83359 Detailed Report
Table of Contents

1. Basic Project Information

1.1. Basic Project Information

1.2. Land Use Types

1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector

2. Emissions Summary

2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds

2.2. Construction Emissions by Y ear, Unmitigated

2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds

2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated

3. Construction Emissions Details

3.1. Site Preparation (2024) - Unmitigated

3.3. Grading (2024) - Unmitigated

3.5. Building Construction (2024) - Unmitigated

3.7. Building Construction (2025) - Unmitigated
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
2 / 50

3.9. Paving (2025) - Unmitigated

3.11. Architectural Coating (2025) - Unmitigated

4. Operations Emissions Details

4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use

4.1.1. Unmitigated

4.2. Energy

4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated

4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated

4.3. Area Emissions by Source

4.3.1. Unmitigated

4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use

4.4.1. Unmitigated

4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use

4.5.1. Unmitigated

4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use

4.6.1. Unmitigated

4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
3 / 50

4.7.1. Unmitigated

4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type

4.8.1. Unmitigated

4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type

4.9.1. Unmitigated

4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type

4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated

4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated

4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated

5. Activity Data

5.1. Construction Schedule

5.2. Off-Road Equipment

5.2.1. Unmitigated

5.3. Construction Vehicles

5.3.1. Unmitigated

5.4. Vehicles

5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
4 / 50

5.5. Architectural Coatings

5.6. Dust Mitigation

5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities

5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies

5.7. Construction Paving

5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors

5.9. Operational Mobile Sources

5.9.1. Unmitigated

5.10. Operational Area Sources

5.10.1. Hearths

5.10.1.1. Unmitigated

5.10.2. Architectural Coatings

5.10.3. Landscape Equipment

5.11. Operational Energy Consumption

5.11.1. Unmitigated

5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption

5.12.1. Unmitigated
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
5 / 50

5.13. Operational Waste Generation

5.13.1. Unmitigated

5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment

5.14.1. Unmitigated

5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment

5.15.1. Unmitigated

5.16. Stationary Sources

5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps

5.16.2. Process Boilers

5.17. User Defined

5.18. Vegetation

5.18.1. Land Use Change

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated

5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated

5.18.2. Sequestration

5.18.2.1. Unmitigated
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
6 / 50

6. Climate Risk Detailed Report

6.1. Climate Risk Summary

6.2. Initial Climate Risk Scores

6.3. Adjusted Climate Risk Scores

6.4. Climate Risk Reduction Measures

7. Health and Equity Details

7.1. CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Scores

7.2. Healthy Places Index Scores

7.3. Overall Health & Equity Scores

7.4. Health & Equity Measures

7.5. Evaluation Scorecard

7.6. Health & Equity Custom Measures

8. User Changes to Default Data
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
7 / 50

1. Basic Project Information

1.1. Basic Project Information
Data Field Value
Project Name TTM 83359
Construction Start Date 1/1/2024
Operational Y ear 2025
Lead Agency —
Land Use Scale Project/site
Analysis Level for Defaults County
Windspeed (m/s) 4.50
Precipitation (days) 13.0
Location 34.578207008203336, -118.0374843667876
County Los Angeles-Mojave Desert
City Palmdale
Air District Antelope Valley AQMD
Air Basin Mojave Desert
TAZ 3637
EDFZ 7
Electric Utility Southern California Edison
Gas Utility Southern California Gas
App Version 2022.1.1.19

1.2. Land Use Types
Land Use Subtype Size Unit Lot Acreage Building Area (sq ft) Landscape Area (sq ft)
Special Landscape
Area (sq ft)
Population Description
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
8 / 50
Single Family
Housing
191 Dwelling Unit 20.0 173,714 749,623 — 657 —
Racquet Club 2.63 1000sqft 0.00 2,630 0.00 — — —
Parking Lot 20.0 Space 0.00 0.00 0.00 — — —
Other Asphalt
Surfaces
360 1000sqft 0.00 360,000 0.00 — — —

1.3. User-Selected Emission Reduction Measures by Emissions Sector No measures selected

2. Emissions Summary

2.1. Construction Emissions Compared Against Thresholds Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Un/Mit. TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Unmit. 5.03 70.2 38.3 52.4 0.08 1.54 5.10 6.64 1.42 0.87 2.01 — 9,861 9,861 0.37 0.50 20.8 10,039 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Unmit. 5.01 4.22 38.3 44.9 0.08 1.54 6.68 7.28 1.42 3.40 3.95 — 9,500 9,500 0.37 0.50 0.54 9,658 Average
Daily
(Max)
——————————————————
Unmit. 3.01 4.93 18.6 29.6 0.04 0.69 2.97 3.66 0.64 0.80 1.43 — 6,233 6,233 0.22 0.28 4.88 6,326 Annual
(Max)
——————————————————
Unmit. 0.55 0.90 3.40 5.40 0.01 0.13 0.54 0.67 0.12 0.15 0.26 — 1,032 1,032 0.04 0.05 0.81 1,047 TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
9 / 50

2.2. Construction Emissions by Y ear, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Ye a r TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily -
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
2024 5.03 4.23 38.3 52.4 0.08 1.54 5.10 6.64 1.42 0.87 2.01 — 9,861 9,861 0.37 0.50 20.8 10,039 2025 4.32 70.2 23.9 50.8 0.06 0.80 3.57 4.37 0.73 0.87 1.60 — 9,758 9,758 0.31 0.48 19.8 9,929 Daily -
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
2024 5.01 4.22 38.3 44.9 0.08 1.54 6.68 7.28 1.42 3.40 3.95 — 9,500 9,500 0.37 0.50 0.54 9,658 2025 4.19 3.60 24.1 43.7 0.06 0.80 3.57 4.37 0.73 0.87 1.60 — 9,405 9,405 0.32 0.48 0.51 9,557 Average
Daily
——————————————————
2024 3.01 2.58 18.6 29.6 0.04 0.69 2.97 3.66 0.64 0.80 1.43 — 6,233 6,233 0.22 0.28 4.88 6,326 2025 1.36 4.93 7.97 14.6 0.02 0.27 1.07 1.34 0.25 0.26 0.51 — 2,969 2,969 0.10 0.14 2.57 3,017 A n n u a l ——————————————————
2024 0.55 0.47 3.40 5.40 0.01 0.13 0.54 0.67 0.12 0.15 0.26 — 1,032 1,032 0.04 0.05 0.81 1,047 2025 0.25 0.90 1.45 2.66 < 0.005 0.05 0.19 0.24 0.05 0.05 0.09 — 492 492 0.02 0.02 0.42 499

2.4. Operations Emissions Compared Against Thresholds
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Un/Mit. TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Unmit. 12.3 15.6 6.08 85.3 0.11 0.12 9.45 9.56 0.10 2.40 2.50 116 13,508 13,624 12.3 0.56 48.1 14,146 TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
10 / 50
——————————————————Daily,
Winter
(Max)
Unmit. 7.48 11.1 6.36 46.4 0.10 0.08 9.45 9.53 0.08 2.40 2.48 116 12,434 12,550 12.3 0.58 2.47 13,034 Average
Daily
(Max)
——————————————————
Unmit. 9.43 12.9 6.63 63.3 0.10 0.10 9.37 9.47 0.09 2.38 2.47 116 12,707 12,823 12.3 0.59 21.5 13,329 Annual
(Max)
——————————————————
Unmit. 1.72 2.36 1.21 11.5 0.02 0.02 1.71 1.73 0.02 0.43 0.45 19.2 2,104 2,123 2.04 0.10 3.55 2,207

2.5. Operations Emissions by Sector, Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Sector TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Mobile 8.46 7.93 5.84 58.7 0.11 0.08 9.45 9.53 0.08 2.40 2.48 — 11,305 11,305 0.52 0.51 46.8 11,517 Area 3.83 7.71 0.24 26.6 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 0.00 93.8 93.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 94.2 Energy 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 1,956 1,956 0.12 0.01 — 1,964 W a t e r ———————————1 3 . 9 1 5 3 1 6 7 1 . 4 4 0 . 0 4 —2 1 3 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 102 0.00 102 10.2 0.00 — 357 R e f r i g . ————————————————1 . 2 6 1 . 2 6
Total 12.3 15.6 6.08 85.3 0.11 0.12 9.45 9.56 0.10 2.40 2.50 116 13,508 13,624 12.3 0.56 48.1 14,146 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Mobile 7.48 6.94 6.36 46.4 0.10 0.08 9.45 9.53 0.08 2.40 2.48 — 10,325 10,325 0.56 0.53 1.21 10,499 Area 0.00 4.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
11 / 50
Energy 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 1,956 1,956 0.12 0.01 — 1,964 W a t e r ———————————1 3 . 9 1 5 3 1 6 7 1 . 4 4 0 . 0 4 —2 1 3 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 102 0.00 102 10.2 0.00 — 357 R e f r i g . ————————————————1 . 2 6 1 . 2 6
Total 7.48 11.1 6.36 46.4 0.10 0.08 9.45 9.53 0.08 2.40 2.48 116 12,434 12,550 12.3 0.58 2.47 13,034 Average
Daily
——————————————————
Mobile 7.54 7.00 6.51 50.2 0.10 0.08 9.37 9.45 0.08 2.38 2.46 — 10,552 10,552 0.56 0.54 20.2 10,747 Area 1.89 5.91 0.12 13.1 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.01 — 0.01 0.00 46.3 46.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 46.4 Energy 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 1,956 1,956 0.12 0.01 — 1,964 W a t e r ———————————1 3 . 9 1 5 3 1 6 7 1 . 4 4 0 . 0 4 —2 1 3 Waste — — — — — — — — — — — 102 0.00 102 10.2 0.00 — 357 R e f r i g . ————————————————1 . 2 6 1 . 2 6
Total 9.43 12.9 6.63 63.3 0.10 0.10 9.37 9.47 0.09 2.38 2.47 116 12,707 12,823 12.3 0.59 21.5 13,329 A n n u a l ——————————————————
Mobile 1.38 1.28 1.19 9.16 0.02 0.02 1.71 1.72 0.01 0.43 0.45 — 1,747 1,747 0.09 0.09 3.35 1,779 Area 0.34 1.08 0.02 2.39 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 0.00 7.66 7.66 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 7.69 Energy 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 324 324 0.02 < 0.005 — 325 W a t e r ———————————2 . 3 1 2 5 . 3 2 7 . 6 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 1 —3 5 . 3 W a s t e ———————————1 6 . 9 0 . 0 0 1 6 . 9 1 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 —5 9 . 1 R e f r i g . ————————————————0 . 2 1 0 . 2 1
Total 1.72 2.36 1.21 11.5 0.02 0.02 1.71 1.73 0.02 0.43 0.45 19.2 2,104 2,123 2.04 0.10 3.55 2,207

3. Construction Emissions Details

3.1. Site Preparation (2024) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
12 / 50
Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e O n s i t e ——————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

1.64 1.38 13.4 12.7 0.02 0.60 — 0.60 0.55 — 0.55 — 2,040 2,040 0.08 0.02 — 2,047 Dust
From
Material
Movement
——————6 . 5 5 6 . 5 5 —3 . 3 7 3 . 3 7 ———————
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

0.13 0.11 1.10 1.04 < 0.005 0.05 — 0.05 0.05 — 0.05 — 168 168 0.01 < 0.005 — 168 Dust
From
Material
Movement
——————0 . 5 4 0 . 5 4 —0 . 2 8 0 . 2 8 ———————
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l ——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

0.02 0.02 0.20 0.19 < 0.005 0.01 — 0.01 0.01 — 0.01 — 27.8 27.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 27.9 Dust
From
Material
Movement
——————0 . 1 0 0 . 1 0 —0 . 0 5 0 . 0 5 ———————
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
13 / 50
Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Worker 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.03 0.03 — 131 131 0.01 < 0.005 0.02 133 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
——————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 11.1 11.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 11.2 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l ——————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.83 1.83 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.86 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.3. Grading (2024) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e O n s i t e ——————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

4.86 4.08 38.1 32.3 0.08 1.54 — 1.54 1.42 — 1.42 — 8,820 8,820 0.36 0.07 — 8,850 TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
14 / 50
———————0.520.52—4.774.77——————Dust
From
Material
Movement
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

4.86 4.08 38.1 32.3 0.08 1.54 — 1.54 1.42 — 1.42 — 8,820 8,820 0.36 0.07 — 8,850 Dust
From
Material
Movement
——————4 . 7 7 4 . 7 7 —0 . 5 2 0 . 5 2 ———————
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

0.51 0.42 3.97 3.36 0.01 0.16 — 0.16 0.15 — 0.15 — 918 918 0.04 0.01 — 921 Dust
From
Material
Movement
——————0 . 5 0 0 . 5 0 —0 . 0 5 0 . 0 5 ———————
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l ——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

0.09 0.08 0.72 0.61 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 152 152 0.01 < 0.005 — 153 Dust
From
Material
Movement
——————0 . 0 9 0 . 0 9 —0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 ———————
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
15 / 50
Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Worker 0.17 0.15 0.15 2.65 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.33 0.00 0.08 0.08 — 369 369 0.02 0.01 1.56 374 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Worker 0.15 0.13 0.17 1.80 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.33 0.00 0.08 0.08 — 327 327 0.02 0.01 0.04 332 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
——————————————————
Worker 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 — 35.1 35.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.07 35.6 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l ——————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.81 5.81 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 5.89 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.5. Building Construction (2024) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e O n s i t e ——————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
16 / 50
Off-Road
Equipment

3.02 2.52 21.2 28.0 0.04 0.87 — 0.87 0.80 — 0.80 — 4,166 4,166 0.17 0.03 — 4,180 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

3.02 2.52 21.2 28.0 0.04 0.87 — 0.87 0.80 — 0.80 — 4,166 4,166 0.17 0.03 — 4,180 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

1.61 1.34 11.3 14.9 0.02 0.46 — 0.46 0.42 — 0.42 — 2,217 2,217 0.09 0.02 — 2,225 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l ——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

0.29 0.24 2.06 2.72 < 0.005 0.08 — 0.08 0.08 — 0.08 — 367 367 0.01 < 0.005 — 368 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Worker 1.52 1.32 1.36 23.4 0.00 0.00 2.89 2.89 0.00 0.68 0.68 — 3,259 3,259 0.14 0.11 13.8 3,309 Vendor 0.09 0.08 2.56 1.00 0.02 0.04 0.68 0.72 0.04 0.19 0.22 — 2,437 2,437 < 0.005 0.36 6.98 2,550 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Worker 1.31 1.19 1.46 15.9 0.00 0.00 2.89 2.89 0.00 0.68 0.68 — 2,895 2,895 0.15 0.11 0.36 2,932 TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
17 / 50
Vendor 0.08 0.08 2.70 1.02 0.02 0.04 0.68 0.72 0.04 0.19 0.22 — 2,439 2,439 < 0.005 0.36 0.18 2,546 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
——————————————————
Worker 0.70 0.64 0.83 9.47 0.00 0.00 1.53 1.53 0.00 0.36 0.36 — 1,586 1,586 0.08 0.06 3.18 1,608 Vendor 0.05 0.04 1.44 0.54 0.01 0.02 0.36 0.38 0.02 0.10 0.12 — 1,298 1,298 < 0.005 0.19 1.60 1,356 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l ——————————————————
Worker 0.13 0.12 0.15 1.73 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.28 0.00 0.07 0.07 — 263 263 0.01 0.01 0.53 266 Vendor 0.01 0.01 0.26 0.10 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.07 0.07 < 0.005 0.02 0.02 — 215 215 < 0.005 0.03 0.26 224 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.7. Building Construction (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e O n s i t e ——————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

2.85 2.37 20.2 27.9 0.04 0.76 — 0.76 0.70 — 0.70 — 4,166 4,166 0.17 0.03 — 4,180 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

2.85 2.37 20.2 27.9 0.04 0.76 — 0.76 0.70 — 0.70 — 4,166 4,166 0.17 0.03 — 4,180 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
18 / 50
Average
Daily
——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

0.82 0.69 5.84 8.08 0.01 0.22 — 0.22 0.20 — 0.20 — 1,207 1,207 0.05 0.01 — 1,211 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l ——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

0.15 0.13 1.07 1.47 < 0.005 0.04 — 0.04 0.04 — 0.04 — 200 200 0.01 < 0.005 — 200 Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Worker 1.38 1.27 1.26 21.9 0.00 0.00 2.89 2.89 0.00 0.68 0.68 — 3,197 3,197 0.13 0.11 12.9 3,246 Vendor 0.09 0.08 2.44 0.94 0.02 0.04 0.68 0.72 0.04 0.19 0.22 — 2,395 2,395 < 0.005 0.34 6.96 2,503 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Worker 1.26 1.15 1.36 14.8 0.00 0.00 2.89 2.89 0.00 0.68 0.68 — 2,841 2,841 0.14 0.11 0.33 2,878 Vendor 0.08 0.08 2.59 0.97 0.02 0.04 0.68 0.72 0.04 0.19 0.22 — 2,398 2,398 < 0.005 0.34 0.18 2,499 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average
Daily
——————————————————
Worker 0.37 0.34 0.42 4.82 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.83 0.00 0.19 0.19 — 847 847 0.04 0.03 1.61 859 Vendor 0.03 0.02 0.75 0.28 0.01 0.01 0.20 0.21 0.01 0.05 0.06 — 694 694 < 0.005 0.10 0.87 724 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l ——————————————————
Worker 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.04 0.04 — 140 140 0.01 0.01 0.27 142 TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
19 / 50
Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 0.14 0.05 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.04 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 — 115 115 < 0.005 0.02 0.14 120 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.9. Paving (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e O n s i t e ——————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

0.76 0.64 7.38 9.68 0.01 0.31 — 0.31 0.28 — 0.28 — 1,514 1,514 0.06 0.01 — 1,519 P a v i n g —0 . 0 0 ————————————————
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Average
Daily
——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

0.04 0.03 0.40 0.53 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 82.9 82.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 83.2 P a v i n g —0 . 0 0 ————————————————
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l ——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

0.01 0.01 0.07 0.10 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 13.7 13.7 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 13.8 P a v i n g —0 . 0 0 ————————————————
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
20 / 50
Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Worker 0.09 0.09 0.09 1.49 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.05 0.05 — 217 217 0.01 0.01 0.87 220 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Average
Daily
——————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 10.9 10.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 11.0 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l ——————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 1.80 1.80 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.83 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.11. Architectural Coating (2025) - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Location TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e O n s i t e ——————————————————
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

1.54 1.28 9.71 11.9 0.02 0.40 — 0.40 0.37 — 0.37 — 1,756 1,756 0.07 0.01 — 1,762 TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
21 / 50
————————————————68.7—Architect
ural
Onsite
truck

0.08 0.07 0.53 0.65 < 0.005 0.02 — 0.02 0.02 — 0.02 — 96.2 96.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 96.5 Architect
ural
Coatings
—3 . 7 7 ————————————————
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l ——————————————————
Off-Road
Equipment

0.02 0.01 0.10 0.12 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 15.9 15.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 16.0 Architect
ural
Coatings
—0 . 6 9 ————————————————
Onsite
truck

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Offsite — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Worker 0.28 0.25 0.25 4.39 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.58 0.00 0.14 0.14 — 639 639 0.03 0.02 2.58 649 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
22 / 50
Average
Daily
——————————————————
Worker 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 — 32.0 32.0 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.06 32.5 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 A n n u a l ——————————————————
Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 5.30 5.30 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 5.38 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4. Operations Emissions Details

4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use

4.1.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Single
Family
Housing

8.46 7.93 5.84 58.7 0.11 0.08 9.45 9.53 0.08 2.40 2.48 — 11,305 11,305 0.52 0.51 46.8 11,517 Racquet
Club

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
23 / 50
Total 8.46 7.93 5.84 58.7 0.11 0.08 9.45 9.53 0.08 2.40 2.48 — 11,305 11,305 0.52 0.51 46.8 11,517 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Single
Family
Housing

7.48 6.94 6.36 46.4 0.10 0.08 9.45 9.53 0.08 2.40 2.48 — 10,325 10,325 0.56 0.53 1.21 10,499 Racquet
Club

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 7.48 6.94 6.36 46.4 0.10 0.08 9.45 9.53 0.08 2.40 2.48 — 10,325 10,325 0.56 0.53 1.21 10,499 A n n u a l ——————————————————
Single
Family
Housing

1.38 1.28 1.19 9.16 0.02 0.02 1.71 1.72 0.01 0.43 0.45 — 1,747 1,747 0.09 0.09 3.35 1,779 Racquet
Club

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 1.38 1.28 1.19 9.16 0.02 0.02 1.71 1.72 0.01 0.43 0.45 — 1,747 1,747 0.09 0.09 3.35 1,779

4.2. Energy

4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
24 / 50
CO2eRN2OCH4CO2TNBCO2BCO2PM2.5TPM2.5DPM2.5EPM10TPM10DPM10ESO2CONOxROGTOGLand Use
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Single
Family
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — — 1,919 1,919 0.12 0.01 — 1,927
Racquet
Club
————————————3 6 . 8 3 6 . 8 < 0 . 0 0 5 < 0 . 0 0 5 —3 6 . 9 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,956 1,956 0.12 0.01 — 1,964 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Single
Family
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — — 1,919 1,919 0.12 0.01 — 1,927
Racquet
Club
————————————3 6 . 8 3 6 . 8 < 0 . 0 0 5 < 0 . 0 0 5 —3 6 . 9 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 1,956 1,956 0.12 0.01 — 1,964 A n n u a l ——————————————————
Single
Family
Housing
— — — — — — — — — — — — 318 318 0.02 < 0.005 — 319
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
25 / 50
Racquet
Club
————————————6 . 0 9 6 . 0 9 < 0 . 0 0 5 < 0 . 0 0 5 —6 . 1 1 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — — 324 324 0.02 < 0.005 — 325

4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Single
Family
Housing

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Racquet
Club

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Single
Family
Housing

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
26 / 50

0.00—0.000.000.000.00—0.00—0.000.00—0.000.000.000.000.000.00Racquet Club
Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 A n n u a l ——————————————————
Single
Family
Housing

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Racquet
Club

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Parking
Lot

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Other
Asphalt
Surfaces

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00

4.3. Area Emissions by Source

4.3.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Source TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Hearths 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Consum
er
Products
—3 . 7 7 ————————————————
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
27 / 50
Architect
Coatings
—0 . 3 8 ————————————————
Landsca
pe
Equipme
nt

3.83 3.56 0.24 26.6 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 — 93.8 93.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 94.2 Total 3.83 7.71 0.24 26.6 < 0.005 0.03 — 0.03 0.03 — 0.03 0.00 93.8 93.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 94.2 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Hearths 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Consum
er
Products
—3 . 7 7 ————————————————
Architect
ural
Coatings
—0 . 3 8 ————————————————
Total 0.00 4.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 A n n u a l ——————————————————
Hearths 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00 Consum
er
Products
—0 . 6 9 ————————————————
Architect
ural
Coatings
—0 . 0 7 ————————————————
Landsca
pe
Equipme
nt

0.34 0.32 0.02 2.39 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 — 7.66 7.66 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 7.69 Total 0.34 1.08 0.02 2.39 < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 < 0.005 — < 0.005 0.00 7.66 7.66 < 0.005 < 0.005 — 7.69

4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
28 / 50

4.4.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Single
Family
Housing
———————————1 3 . 6 1 5 1 1 6 5 1 . 4 1 0 . 0 3 —2 1 0
Racquet
Club
———————————0 . 3 0 1 . 3 1 1 . 6 0 0 . 0 3 < 0 . 0 0 5 —2 . 5 9 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
T o t a l ———————————1 3 . 9 1 5 3 1 6 7 1 . 4 4 0 . 0 4 —2 1 3 Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Single
Family
Housing
———————————1 3 . 6 1 5 1 1 6 5 1 . 4 1 0 . 0 3 —2 1 0
Racquet
Club
———————————0 . 3 0 1 . 3 1 1 . 6 0 0 . 0 3 < 0 . 0 0 5 —2 . 5 9 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
T o t a l ———————————1 3 . 9 1 5 3 1 6 7 1 . 4 4 0 . 0 4 —2 1 3 A n n u a l ——————————————————
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
29 / 50
Single
Family
Housing
———————————2 . 2 6 2 5 . 1 2 7 . 3 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 1 —3 4 . 8 Racquet
Club
———————————0 . 0 5 0 . 2 2 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 1 < 0 . 0 0 5 —0 . 4 3 Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
T o t a l ———————————2 . 3 1 2 5 . 3 2 7 . 6 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 1 —3 5 . 3

4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use

4.5.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Single
Family
Housing
———————————9 3 . 9 0 . 0 0 9 3 . 9 9 . 3 9 0 . 0 0 —3 2 9 Racquet
Club
— — — — — — — — — — — 8.08 0.00 8.08 0.81 0.00 — 28.3
Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 102 0.00 102 10.2 0.00 — 357 TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
30 / 50
——————————————————Daily,
Winter
(Max)
Single
Family
Housing
———————————9 3 . 9 0 . 0 0 9 3 . 9 9 . 3 9 0 . 0 0 —3 2 9 Racquet
Club
— — — — — — — — — — — 8.08 0.00 8.08 0.81 0.00 — 28.3
Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Total — — — — — — — — — — — 102 0.00 102 10.2 0.00 — 357 A n n u a l ——————————————————
Single
Family
Housing
———————————1 5 . 6 0 . 0 0 1 5 . 6 1 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 —5 4 . 4 Racquet
Club
— — — — — — — — — — — 1.34 0.00 1.34 0.13 0.00 — 4.68
Parking
Lot
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
Other
Asphalt
Surfaces
— — — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.00
T o t a l ———————————1 6 . 9 0 . 0 0 1 6 . 9 1 . 6 9 0 . 0 0 —5 9 . 1

4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use

4.6.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
31 / 50
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Single
Family
Housing
————————————————1 . 2 4 1 . 2 4
Racquet
Club
————————————————0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1
T o t a l ————————————————1 . 2 6 1 . 2 6
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Single
Family
Housing
————————————————1 . 2 4 1 . 2 4
Racquet
Club
————————————————0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1
T o t a l ————————————————1 . 2 6 1 . 2 6
A n n u a l ——————————————————
Single
Family
Housing
————————————————0 . 2 1 0 . 2 1
Racquet
Club
————————————————< 0 . 0 0 5 < 0 . 0 0 5
T o t a l ————————————————0 . 2 1 0 . 2 1

4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type

4.7.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipme
nt
Type
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
32 / 50
Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
T o t a l ——————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
T o t a l ——————————————————
A n n u a l ——————————————————
T o t a l ——————————————————

4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type

4.8.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipme
nt
Type
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
T o t a l ——————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
T o t a l ——————————————————
A n n u a l ——————————————————
T o t a l ——————————————————

4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
33 / 50

4.9.1. Unmitigated
Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Equipme
nt
Type
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
T o t a l ——————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
T o t a l ——————————————————
A n n u a l ——————————————————
T o t a l ——————————————————

4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type

4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Vegetatio
n
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
T o t a l ——————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
T o t a l ——————————————————
A n n u a l ——————————————————
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
34 / 50
T o t a l ——————————————————

4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Land
Use
TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
T o t a l ——————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
T o t a l ——————————————————
A n n u a l ——————————————————
T o t a l ——————————————————

4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species - Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Species TOG ROG NOx CO SO2 PM10E PM10D PM10T PM2.5E PM2.5D PM2.5T BCO2 NBCO2 CO2T CH4 N2O R CO2e Daily,
Summer
(Max)
——————————————————
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
S u b t o t a l ——————————————————
Sequest
ered
——————————————————
S u b t o t a l ——————————————————
Remove
d
——————————————————
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
35 / 50
S u b t o t a l ——————————————————
———————————————————
Daily,
Winter
(Max)
——————————————————
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
S u b t o t a l ——————————————————
Sequest
ered
——————————————————
S u b t o t a l ——————————————————
Remove
d
——————————————————
S u b t o t a l ——————————————————
———————————————————
A n n u a l ——————————————————
Avoided — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
S u b t o t a l ——————————————————
Sequest
ered
——————————————————
S u b t o t a l ——————————————————
Remove
d
——————————————————
S u b t o t a l ——————————————————
———————————————————

5. Activity Data

5.1. Construction Schedule
Phase Name Phase Type Start Date End Date Days Per Week Work Days per Phase Phase Description TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
36 / 50
Site Preparation Site Preparation 1/1/2024 2/9/2024 5.00 30.0 — Grading Grading 2/12/2024 4/3/2024 5.00 38.0 —
Building Construction Building Construction 4/4/2024 5/28/2025 5.00 300 — Paving Paving 5/29/2025 6/25/2025 5.00 20.0 —
Architectural Coating Architectural Coating 6/26/2025 7/23/2025 5.00 20.0 —

5.2. Off-Road Equipment

5.2.1. Unmitigated
Phase Name Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor Site Preparation Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 367 0.40 Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 84.0 0.37
Site Preparation Pumps Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 11.0 0.74 Grading Graders Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 148 0.41
Grading Plate Compactors Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 36.0 0.38 Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 84.0 0.37
Grading Rubber Tired Loaders Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 423 0.48 Grading Scrapers Diesel Average 4.00 8.00 367 0.40
Grading Off-Highway Tractors Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 38.0 0.44 Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backh
oes
Diesel Average 3.00 7.00 84.0 0.37
Building Construction Air Compressors Diesel Average 4.00 8.00 37.0 0.48 Building Construction Excavators Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 36.0 0.38 Building Construction Forklifts Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 82.0 0.20 Building Construction Generator Sets Diesel Average 4.00 8.00 14.0 0.74 Building Construction Rubber Tired Loaders Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 150 0.36 TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
37 / 50
Building Construction Skid Steer Loaders Diesel Average 4.00 8.00 71.0 0.37 Building Construction Trenchers Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 40.0 0.50 Paving Pavers Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 81.0 0.42
Paving Paving Equipment Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 89.0 0.36 Paving Surfacing Equipment Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 36.0 0.38 Architectural Coating Air Compressors Diesel Average 4.00 6.00 37.0 0.48 Architectural Coating Forklifts Diesel Average 2.00 8.00 82.0 0.20 Architectural Coating Generator Sets Diesel Average 4.00 8.00 14.0 0.74 Architectural Coating Rubber Tired Loaders Diesel Average 1.00 8.00 150 0.36

5.3. Construction Vehicles

5.3.1. Unmitigated
Phase Name Tr ip Type One-Way Trips per Day Miles per Trip Vehicle Mix Site Preparation — — — —
Site Preparation Worker 10.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Site Preparation Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Site Preparation Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Site Preparation Onsite truck — — HHDT
Grading — — — —
Grading Worker 25.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Grading Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Grading Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Grading Onsite truck — — HHDT
Building Construction — — — —
Building Construction Worker 221 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Building Construction Vendor 79.9 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
38 / 50
Building Construction Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Building Construction Onsite truck — — HHDT
P a v i n g ————
Paving Worker 15.0 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Paving Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Paving Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Paving Onsite truck — — HHDT
Architectural Coating — — — —
Architectural Coating Worker 44.2 18.5 LDA,LDT1,LDT2
Architectural Coating Vendor — 10.2 HHDT,MHDT
Architectural Coating Hauling 0.00 20.0 HHDT
Architectural Coating Onsite truck — — HHDT

5.4. Vehicles

5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies
Non-applicable. No control strategies activated by user.

5.5. Architectural Coatings
Phase Name Residential Interior Area Coated
(sq ft)
Residential Exterior Area Coated
(sq ft)
Non-Residential Interior Area
Coated (sq ft)
Non-Residential Exterior Area
Coated (sq ft)
Parking Area Coated (sq ft)
Architectural Coating 351,771 117,257 3,945 1,315 —

5.6. Dust Mitigation

5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities
Phase Name Material Imported (cy) Material Exported (cy) Acres Graded (acres) Material Demolished (sq. ft.) Acres Paved (acres) Site Preparation — — 15.0 0.00 —
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
39 / 50
Grading — — 171 0.00 —
Paving 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10

5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies
Non-applicable. No control strategies activated by user.

5.7. Construction Paving
Land Use Area Paved (acres) % Asphalt
Single Family Housing 2.10 0%
Racquet Club 0.00 0%
Parking Lot 0.00 100%
Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 100%

5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors kWh per Y ear and Emission Factor (lb/MWh)
Ye a r kWh per Y ear CO2 CH4 N2O
2024 0.00 532 0.03 < 0.005
2025 0.00 532 0.03 < 0.005

5.9. Operational Mobile Sources

5.9.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Type Trips/Weekday Trips/Saturday Trips/Sunday Trips/Y ear VMT/Weekday VMT/Saturday VMT/Sunday VMT/Y ear Single Family
Housing
1,461 1,461 1,461 533,320 13,336 13,336 13,336 4,867,676 Racquet Club 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Parking Lot 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
40 / 50

0.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00Other Asphalt
Surfaces

5.10. Operational Area Sources

5.10.1. Hearths

5.10.1.1. Unmitigated
Hearth Type Unmitigated (number)
Single Family Housing —
Wood Fireplaces 0
Gas Fireplaces 0
Propane Fireplaces 0
Electric Fireplaces 0
No Fireplaces 19
Conventional Wood Stoves 0
Catalytic Wood Stoves 0
Non-Catalytic Wood Stoves 0
Pellet Wood Stoves 0

5.10.2. Architectural Coatings
Residential Interior Area Coated (sq ft) Residential Exterior Area Coated (sq ft) Non-Residential Interior Area Coated (sq ft)
Non-Residential Exterior Area Coated
(sq ft)
Parking Area Coated (sq ft)
351770.85 117,257 3,945 1,315 —

5.10.3. Landscape Equipment
Season Unit Value
Snow Days day/yr 0.00
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
41 / 50
Summer Days day/yr 180

5.11. Operational Energy Consumption

5.11.1. Unmitigated
Electricity (kWh/yr) and CO2 and CH4 and N2O and Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Land Use Electricity (kWh/yr) CO2 CH4 N2O Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Single Family Housing 1,316,973 532 0.0330 0.0040 0.00
Racquet Club 25,229 532 0.0330 0.0040 0.00
Parking Lot 0.00 532 0.0330 0.0040 0.00
Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 532 0.0330 0.0040 0.00

5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption

5.12.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Indoor Water (gal/year) Outdoor Water (gal/year) Single Family Housing 7,119,296 14,828,146
Racquet Club 155,546 0.00
Parking Lot 0.00 0.00
Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 0.00

5.13. Operational Waste Generation

5.13.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Waste (ton/year) Cogeneration (kWh/year)
Single Family Housing 174 —
Racquet Club 15.0 —
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
42 / 50
Parking Lot 0.00 —
Other Asphalt Surfaces 0.00 —

5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment

5.14.1. Unmitigated
Land Use Type Equipment Type Refrigerant GWP Quantity (kg) Operations Leak Rate Service Leak Rate Times Serviced Single Family Housing Average room A/C &
Other residential A/C
and heat pumps
R-410A 2,088 < 0.005 2.50 2.50 10.0
Single Family Housing Household refrigerators
and/or freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.12 0.60 0.00 1.00
Racquet Club Other commercial A/C
and heat pumps
R-410A 2,088 < 0.005 4.00 4.00 18.0
Racquet Club Stand-alone retail
refrigerators and
freezers
R-134a 1,430 0.04 1.00 0.00 1.00

5.15. Operational Off-Road Equipment

5.15.1. Unmitigated
Equipment Type Fuel Type Engine Tier Number per Day Hours Per Day Horsepower Load Factor

5.16. Stationary Sources

5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps
Equipment Type Fuel Type Number per Day Hours per Day Hours per Y ear Horsepower Load Factor

5.16.2. Process Boilers
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
43 / 50
Equipment Type Fuel Type Number Boiler Rating (MMBtu/hr) Daily Heat Input (MMBtu/day) Annual Heat Input (MMBtu/yr)

5.17. User Defined
Equipment Type Fuel Type

5.18. Vegetation

5.18.1. Land Use Change

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Vegetation Land Use Type Vegetation Soil Type Initial Acres Final Acres

5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type

5.18.1.1. Unmitigated
Biomass Cover Type Initial Acres Final Acres

5.18.2. Sequestration

5.18.2.1. Unmitigated
Tree Type Number Electricity Saved (kWh/year) Natural Gas Saved (btu/year)

6. Climate Risk Detailed Report

6.1. Climate Risk Summary
Cal-Adapt midcentury 2040–2059 average projections for four hazards are reported below for your project location. These are under Representation Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 which assumes GHG emissions will continue to rise strongly through 2050 and then plateau around 2100.

TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
44 / 50
Climate Hazard Result for Project Location Unit
Temperature and Extreme Heat 31.1 annual days of extreme heat Extreme Precipitation 1.45 annual days with precipitation above 20 mm Sea Level Rise 0.00 meters of inundation depth
Wildfire 0.00 annual hectares burned
Temperature and Extreme Heat data are for grid cell in which your project are located. The projection is based on the 98th historical percentile of daily maximum/minimum temperatures from observed historical data (32 climate model ensemble from Cal-Adapt, 2040–2059 average under RCP 8.5). Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3.7 miles ( mi) by 3.7 mi.

Extreme Precipitation data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The threshold of 20 mm is equivalent to about ¾ an inch of rain, which would be light to moderate rainfall if received over a full day or heavy rain if received over a period of 2 to 4 hours. Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3.7 miles (mi) by 3.7 mi.

Sea Level Rise data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The projections are from Radke et al. (2017), as reported in Cal-Adapt (2040–2059 average under RCP 8.5), and consider different increments of sea level rise coupled with extreme storm events. Users may select from four model simulations to view the range in potential inundationdepth for the grid cell. The four simulations make different assumptions about expected rainfall and temperature are: Warmer/drier (HadGEM2-ES), Cooler/wetter (CNRM-CM5), Average conditions (CanESM2), Range of different rainfall and temperature possibilities (MIROC5). Each grid cell is 50 meters (m) by 50 m, or about 164 feet (ft) by 164 ft.

Wildfire data are for the grid cell in which your project are located. The projections are from UC Davis, as reported in Cal-Adapt (2040–2059 average under RCP 8.5), and consider historical data of climate, vegetation, population density, and large (> 400 ha) fire history. Users may select from four model simulations to view the range in potential wildfire probabilities for the grid cell. The four simulations make different assumptions about expected rainfall and temperature are: Warmer/drier (HadGEM2-ES), Cooler/wetter (CNRM-CM5), Average conditions (CanESM2), Range of different rainfall and temperature possibilities (MIROC5). Each grid cell is 6 kilometers (km) by 6 km, or 3.7 miles (mi) by 3.7 mi.

6.2. Initial Climate Risk Scores
Climate Hazard Exposure Score Sensitivity Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score Temperature and Extreme Heat 4 0 0 N/A
Extreme Precipitation N/A N/A N/A N/A
Sea Level Rise 1 0 0 N/A
Wildfire 1 0 0 N/A
Flooding N/A N/A N/A N/A
Drought N/A N/A N/A N/A
Snowpack Reduction N/A N/A N/A N/A
Air Quality Degradation 0 0 0 N/A
The sensitivity score reflects the extent to which a project would be adversely affected by exposure to a climate hazard. Exposure is rated on a scale of1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the greatest exposure.

The adaptive capacity of a project refers to its ability to manage and reduce vulnerabilities from projected climate hazards. Adaptive capacity is rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the greatest ability to adapt.

TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
45 / 50
The overall vulnerability scores are calculated based on the potential impacts and adaptive capacity assessments for each hazard. Scores do not include implementation of climate risk reduction measures.

6.3. Adjusted Climate Risk Scores
Climate Hazard Exposure Score Sensitivity Score Adaptive Capacity Score Vulnerability Score Temperature and Extreme Heat 4 1 1 4
Extreme Precipitation N/A N/A N/A N/A
Sea Level Rise 1 1 1 2
Wildfire 1 1 1 2
Flooding N/A N/A N/A N/A
Drought N/A N/A N/A N/A
Snowpack Reduction N/A N/A N/A N/A
Air Quality Degradation 1 1 1 2
The sensitivity score reflects the extent to which a project would be adversely affected by exposure to a climate hazard. Exposure is rated on a scale of1 to 5, with a score of 5 representing the greatest exposure.

The overall vulnerability scores are calculated based on the potential impacts and adaptive capacity assessments for each hazard. Scores include implementation of climate risk reduction measures.

6.4. Climate Risk Reduction Measures

7. Health and Equity Details

7.1. CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Scores
The maximum CalEnviroScreen score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects a higher pollution burden compared to other census tracts in the state.

Indicator Result for Project Census Tract
Exposure Indicators —
AQ-Ozone 88.7
AQ-PM 16.0
AQ-DPM 11.0
Drinking Water 20.4
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
46 / 50
Lead Risk Housing 39.2
Pesticides 0.00
Toxic Releases 88.4
Traffic 22.2
Effect Indicators —
CleanUp Sites 0.00
Groundwater 0.00
Haz Waste Facilities/Generators 46.8
Impaired Water Bodies 0.00
Solid Waste 0.00
Sensitive Population —
Asthma 85.0
Cardio-vascular 83.5
Low Birth Weights 73.3
Socioeconomic Factor Indicators —
Education 80.2
Housing 57.9
Linguistic 83.1
Poverty 65.7
Unemployment 79.0

7.2. Healthy Places Index Scores
The maximum Health Places Index score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects healthier community conditions compared to other census tracts in the state.

Indicator Result for Project Census Tract
Economic —
Above Poverty 15.87321956
Employed 4.196073399
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
47 / 50
Median HI 38.27794174
Education —
Bachelor's or higher 13.93558322
High school enrollment 100
Preschool enrollment 11.61298601
Transportation —
Auto Access 93.63531374
Active commuting 44.07801873
Social —
2-parent households 49.98075196
Voting 23.23880405
Neighborhood —
Alcohol availability 78.19838316
Park access 15.21878609
Retail density 53.27858334
Supermarket access 47.76081098
Tree canopy 16.14269216
Housing —
Homeownership 80.14885153
Housing habitability 18.72192994
Low-inc homeowner severe housing cost burden 4.324393687 Low-inc renter severe housing cost burden 2.45091749
Uncrowded housing 26.21583472
Health Outcomes —
Insured adults 25.31759271
Arthritis 53.0
Asthma ER Admissions 28.7
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
48 / 50
High Blood Pressure 47.4
Cancer (excluding skin) 74.5
Asthma 19.7
Coronary Heart Disease 43.7
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 25.1
Diagnosed Diabetes 21.5
Life Expectancy at Birth 13.5
Cognitively Disabled 25.4
Physically Disabled 38.4
Heart Attack ER Admissions 10.4
Mental Health Not Good 16.4
Chronic Kidney Disease 35.4
Obesity 14.7
Pedestrian Injuries 19.6
Physical Health Not Good 18.1
Stroke 29.9
Health Risk Behaviors —
Binge Drinking 58.7
Current Smoker 16.1
No Leisure Time for Physical Activity 24.4
Climate Change Exposures —
Wildfire Risk 0.0
SLR Inundation Area 0.0
Children 5.3
Elderly 88.9
English Speaking 47.0
Foreign-born 61.0
TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
49 / 50
Outdoor Workers 15.5
Climate Change Adaptive Capacity —
Impervious Surface Cover 74.7
Traffic Density 15.8
Traffic Access 23.0
Other Indices —
Hardship 81.7
Other Decision Support —
2016 Voting 16.6

7.3. Overall Health & Equity Scores
Metric Result for Project Census Tract
CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Score for Project Location (a) 51.0 Healthy Places Index Score for Project Location (b) 18.0 Project Located in a Designated Disadvantaged Community (Senate Bill 535) No Project Located in a Low-Income Community (Assembly Bill 1550) Y es Project Located in a Community Air Protection Program Community (Assembly Bill 617) No a: The maximum CalEnviroScreen score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects a higher pollution burden compared to other census tracts in the state. b: The maximum Health Places Index score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects healthier community conditions compared to other census tracts in the state.

7.4. Health & Equity Measures
No Health & Equity Measures selected.

7.5. Evaluation Scorecard
Health & Equity Evaluation Scorecard not completed.

7.6. Health & Equity Custom Measures
No Health & Equity Custom Measures created.

TTM 83359 Detailed Report, 9/15/2023
50 / 50

8. User Changes to Default Data
Screen Justification
Land Use Based on average SF of each dwelling type. Landscape area calculated using default value for 64 Single Family units. Internal roadways modeled as other asphalt surfaces Construction: Construction Phases Phase durations adjusted to match applicant provided duration of 18 months (total). No demolition required.

Construction: Off-Road Equipment per applicant provided equipment list Operations: Vehicle Data per Traffic Memorandum (GTS 2023) Exhibit 4, Phase I trip generation.

Operations: Hearths All electric; no wood or gas stoves/fireplaces per project description Operations: Energy Use No natural gas; development is all electric

Appendix B
Biological Resources Assessment
Tentative Tract Map 83359
Biological Resources Assessment
prepared for
Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Kevin Harbison
2007 Cedar Avenue
Manhattan Beach, California 90266
Via email: [email protected]
prepared by
Rincon Consultants, Inc.
250 East 1st Street, Suite 1400
Los Angeles, California 90012
September 2023

Tentative Tract Map 83359
Biological Resources Assessment
prepared for
Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Kevin Harbison
2007 Cedar Avenue
Manhattan Beach, California 90266
Via email: [email protected]
prepared by
Rincon Consultants, Inc.
250 East 1st Street, Suite 1400
Los Angeles, California 90012
September 2023

This report prepared on 50% recycled paper with 50% post-consumer content.

Table of Contents

Biological Resources Assessment i
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ 1 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ .................... 2

1.1 Project Location .......................................................................................................... ........ 2

1.2 Project Description ....................................................................................................... ....... 2

1.3 Regulatory Summary ........................................................................................................ ... 2

1.3.1 Definition of Specia l Status Species .................................................................... 5

1.3.2 Environmenta l Statutes ...................................................................................... 5

1.3.3 Guidelines for Determin ing CEQA Significance .................................................. 5 2 Methodology ................................................................................................................. ................. 7

2.1 Biological St udy Area .......................................................................................................... 7

2.2 Literature Review ......................................................................................................... ....... 7

2.3 Field Surveys ............................................................................................................. .......... 9

2.3.1 Reconnaissance Survey ....................................................................................... 9

2.3.2 Western Joshua Tree Survey .............................................................................. 9

2.4 Impact Evaluation ......................................................................................................... ...... 9 3 Existing Conditions ......................................................................................................... ...............11

3.1 Physical Characteristics .................................................................................................. ...11

3.1.1 Topography and Geography .............................................................................11

3.1.2 Watershed and Drainages ................................................................................11

3.1.3 Soils ................................................................................................................... 11

3.2 Vegetation and Other Land Cover ....................................................................................13

3.3 General Wildlife .......................................................................................................... ......13 4 Sensitive Biologic al Resources ......................................................................................................14

4.1 Special Status Species .................................................................................................... ...14

4.1.1 Special Status Plant Species ..............................................................................14

4.1.2 Special Status Wild life Species..........................................................................15

4.2 Sensitive Natural Communities and Critical Habitat .........................................................16

4.3 Jurisdictional Waters and Wetlands .................................................................................16

4.4 Wildlife Movement ......................................................................................................... ..16

4.5 Resources Protected by Local Policies and Ordinances ....................................................16

4.6 Habitat Conservati on Plans ...............................................................................................17 5 Impact Analysis and Mi tigation Measures ....................................................................................19

5.1 Special Status Species .................................................................................................... ...19

5.2 Sensitive Natural Communities and Critical Habitat .........................................................23

5.3 Jurisdictional Waters and Wetlands .................................................................................23

5.4 Wildlife Movement ......................................................................................................... ..24 Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

5.5 Resources Protected by Local Policies and Ordinances ....................................................24

5.6 Habitat Conservati on Plans ...............................................................................................25 6 Limitations, Assumptions, and Use Reliance ................................................................................26 7 References .................................................................................................................. ..................27 8 List of Preparers ........................................................................................................... .................28 Tables
Table 1 Summary of Western Joshua Trees on the Project Site ....................................................16 Figures
Figure 1 Regional Location Map ................................................................................................ ....... 3 Figure 2 Project Location Map ................................................................................................. ......... 4 Figure 3 Biological Study Area .......................................................................................................... 8 Figure 4 Jurisdictional Resources ............................................................................................. .......12 Figure 5 Jurisdictional Resour ces to be Impacted ..........................................................................18 Appendices
Appendix A Regulatory Framework
Appendix B Special Status Species Evaluation Tables
Appendix C Site Photographs
Appendix D Western Joshua Tree Data
Appendix E Protocol Mohave Gr ound Squirrel Trapping Results

Executive Summary

Biological Resources Assessment 1
Executive Summary
This report analyzes potential impacts to biological resources from a proposed single-family residential development project (project) covering 20-gross acres in the city of Palmdale, Los Angeles County, California (Assessor Parcel Number [APN] 3023-002-184). The project includes the development of single story, single-family homes on a total of 66 lots with community amenities.

Prior to construction activities, clearing, brushing, and grubbing of vegetation and trees will occur throughout the project site. Following vegetation removal, the entire project site will be graded. An on-site construction staging area will provide space to store materials, vehicles, waste, and for parking. Drainage improvements for the development will consist of catch basins connected to underground storm drain which outlets into a detention basin located in the northeastern most plot of the TTM.

A biologist conducted a survey of the Biological Study Area (BSA) for the project to document biological resources and assess the potential for sensitive resources to occur. The BSA is defined for this project as the 20-gross acre project site and a 100-foot survey buffer where accessible. One vegetation community, Yucca brevifolia Woodland Alliance (Joshua tree woodland), was identified in the BSA. This community generally occurs in alluvial fans, ridges, and gentle to moderate slopes.

Canopy, shrub layer, and herbaceous layer is open to intermittent with perennial grasses and seasonal annuals.

A query of the California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) and California Native Plant Society (CNPS) Rare Plant Inventory includes 19 special status plant species recorded in the 9-quad search area surrounding the project site. One species, short-joint beavertail (Opuntia basilaris var. brachyclada), has a low potential to occur on the project site. In addition, western Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia), a candidate species for listing under the California Endangered Species Act (CESA), is present on the project site.

The CNDDB query results include 31 special status wildlife species recorded within the 9-quad search area surrounding the project site. The following 5 species have moderate to high potential to occur on the project site: California glossy snake (Arizona elegans occidentalis), coast horned lizard (Phrynosoma blainvillii), burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia), loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), LeConte’s thrasher (Toxostoma lecontei). In addition, desert kit fox (Vulpes macrotis arsipus), a California Fish and Game Code (CFGC) furbearing mammal, was determined to have a moderate potential to occur on the project site.

One shallow, ephemeral drainage intersects the project site and an adjacent parcel to the east. It may generally convey stormwater runoff from the residential development to the south of the project site and from Palmdale Avenue to the north of the project site during significant rain events.

Due to the presence of a defined bed and bank, indicated by the break in slope, the CDFW may assert jurisdiction over this drainage.

Mitigation measures to reduce potential project impacts to special status plants and animals, nesting birds, sensitive natural communities, jurisdictional features, and resources protected by local jurisdictions are included.

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

2 1 Introduction
Rincon Consultants, Inc. (Rincon) prepared this Biological Resources Assessment (BRA) to document the existing biological conditions for a proposed single-family residential development project (project) within Assessor Parcel Number (APN) 3023-002-184 located in the City of Palmdale, Los Angeles County, California. This BRA is prepared with the intent of serving as the basis for suitable analysis of the potential impacts to biological resources pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) environmental review process.

1.1 Project Location
The project site is located on 20-gross acres in the City of Palmdale, Los Angeles County, California (APN 3023-002-184). The site is situated along East Palmdale Boulevard, approximately 4.7 miles east of the intersection of Palmdale Boulevard and Sierra Highway (Figure 1 and Figure 2). The site is depicted within the Palmdale, California United States Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle map and in Township 06N, Range 11W, Section 27, San Bernardino base and meridian.

1.2 Project Description
The project includes the development of single story, single-family homes with community amenities. Prior to construction activities, clearing, brushing, and grubbing of vegetation and trees will occur throughout the project site. Following vegetation removal, the entire project site will be graded. Standard construction equipment for residential development will be utilized, including backhoes, front end loaders, excavators, dump trucks, concrete trucks, water trucks, forklifts, grade- alls, and manlifts. An on-site construction staging area will provide space to store materials, vehicles, waste, and for parking. Drainage improvements for the development will consist of catch basins connected to underground storm drain which outlets into a detention basin located in the northeastern most plot of the TTM. This basin will accept flows from the community and detain from flowing offsite while also infiltrating water back into the groundwater basin.

1.3 Regulatory Summary
Regulated or sensitive resources studied and analyzed herein include special status plant and wildlife species, nesting birds and raptors, sensitive plant communities, jurisdictional waters and wetlands, wildlife movement, regionally protected resources (e.g., from county-wide Habitat Conservation Plans [HCPs] and Natural Community Conservation Plans [NCCPs]), and locally protected resources, such as protected trees. Regulatory authority over biological resources is shared by Federal, State, and local authorities. Primary authority for regulation of general biological resources lies within the land use control and planning authority of local jurisdictions (in this instance, the City of Palmdale).

Introduction

Biological Resources Assessment 3
Figure 1 Regional Location Map

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

4 Figure 2 Project Location Map

Introduction

Biological Resources Assessment 5

1.3.1 Definition of Special Status Species
For the purposes of this report, special status species include:
Species listed as threatened or endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA); including proposed and candidate species
Species listed as candidate, threatened, or endangered under the California Endangered Species Act (CESA)
Species designated as Fully Protected by the California Fish and Game Code (CFGC), and Species of Special Concern (SSC) or Watch List by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) Native Plant Protection Act (NPPA) – State Rare (SR)
California Native Plant Society (CNPS) California Rare Plant Ranks (CRPR) 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B Species designated as locally important by the City of Palmdale and/or otherwise protected through ordinances or the General Plan

1.3.2 Environmental Statutes
For the purpose of this report, the analysis of potential impacts to biological resources was guided by the following statutes (Appendix A):
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)
ESA
CESA
Federal Clean Water Act (CWA)
CFGC
Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA)
The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act
Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act
City of Palmdale Municipal Code
City of Palmdale General Plan

1.3.3 Guidelines for Determining CEQA Significance
The following threshold criteria, as defined by the CEQA Guidelines Appendix G Initial Study Checklist, were used to evaluate potential environmental effects. Based on these criteria, the proposed project would have a significant effect on biological resources if it would:
a) Have substantial adverse effects, either di rectly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
b) Have a substantial adverse effe ct on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, and regulations or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or US Fish and Wildlife Service.

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

6 c) Have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means.
d) Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites.
e) Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance.
f) Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan.

Methodology

Biological Resources Assessment 7
2 Methodology

2.1 Biological Study Area
The Biological Study Area (BSA) is defined for this project as the 20-gross acre project site and a 100- foot survey buffer where accessible (Figure 3).

2.2 Literature Review
Rincon conducted a literature review to characterize the nature and extent of biological resources on and adjacent to the BSA. The literature review included an evaluation of current and historical aerial photographs of the site (Google Earth), regional and site-specific topographic maps, and climatic data.

Queries of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Information for Planning and Consultation system (IPaC; UFWS 2022a), CDFW California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB; CDFW 2022a), and California Native Plant Society (CNPS) online Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants of California (2022) were conducted to obtain comprehensive information regarding State and federally listed species, and other special status species, considered to have potential to occur within the Palmdale, California USGS 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle and the surrounding eight quadrangles (Ritter Ridge, Lancaster West, Lancaster East, Alpine Butte, Littlerock, Juniper Hills, Pacifico Mountains, and Acton). The results of database-queries and lists of special status species were reviewed by Rincon’s regional biological experts for accuracy and completeness. The final list of special status biological resources (species and sensitive natural communities) was evaluated based on documented occurrences within the nine-quadrangle search area and biologist’s expert opinions on species known to occur in the region. The evaluation results and justification were compiled into a table (Appendix B).

The following resources were reviewed for additional information on existing conditions relating to biological resources within the BSA:
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Web Soil Survey (2022)
USFWS Critical Habitat Portal (2022b)
CDFW Biogeographic Information and Observation System (CDFW 2022b) CDFW Special Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, and Lichens List (2022c) CDFW Special Animals List (2022d)
The vegetation community characterizations for this analysis were based on the classification systems presented in A Manual of California Vegetation, Second Edition (MCV2; Sawyer et al. 2009).

A review of the jurisdictional delineation report for the project site and adjacent parcel to the east was conducted (Rincon 2021).

The potential for wildlife movement corridors was evaluated based on the California Essential Habitat Connectivity Project commissioned by the California Department of Transportation and CDFW (Spencer et al. 2010).

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

8 Figure 3 Biological Study Area

Methodology

Biological Resources Assessment 9

2.3 Field Surveys

2.3.1 Reconnaissance Survey
A field reconnaissance survey of the BSA was conducted by Rincon Biologist Amy Leigh Trost on September 21, 2022, to document the existing site conditions and evaluate the potential for presence of sensitive biological resources including special status plant and wildlife species, sensitive plant communities, potentially jurisdictional waters, wildlife corridors and nursery sites, and locally protected resources. Weather conditions during the survey included temperatures of 57 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit, winds of up to three miles per hour, sunny and clear skies. The biologist surveyed the entire BSA on foot where accessible using meandering transects.

The habitat requirements for each regionally occurring special status species were assessed and compared to the type and quality of the habitats observed within the project site during the site visit. The survey was conducted to make an initial determination regarding the presence or absence of terrestrial biological resources including plants, birds, and other wildlife. Site photographs are included in Appendix C.

2.3.2 Western Joshua Tree Survey
Western Joshua trees were documented on the project site during a western Joshua tree assessment conducted by Rincon desert botanist Kipp Marzullo on July 21, 2021. The survey was conducted following the DRAFT Joshua Tree ITP Field Work and Application Guidance (CDFW 2021).

Full coverage pedestrian surveys were conducted and the locations of all western Joshua trees on the site were documented using GPS technology. During the survey, attributes recorded for each individual tree included: single tree or clonal, height/age class; number of branching terminal panicles and phenophase. Each western Joshua tree was assigned a unique identification number, and a physical tag affixed to the north side of the tree at 4.5 feet above natural grade, where feasible/accessible.

2.4 Impact Evaluation
Impacts are defined as project-related activities that destroy, damage, alter, or otherwise affect biological resources. This may include injury or mortality to plant or wildlife species, effects on an animal’s behavior (such as through harassment or frightening off an animal by construction noise), as well as the loss, modification, or disturbance of natural resources or habitats. Impacts are defined as either direct or indirect, and either permanent or temporary. This section includes a brief overview of the types of impacts analyzed in Section 5 (Impact Analysis and Mitigation Measures) of the BRA.

Direct Impacts are generally those that occur during project implementation and at the same time and location as the cause of the impact. Direct impacts for this project may include injury, death, and/or harassment of special status wildlife species, if present in the work areas or vicinity. Direct impacts may also include the destruction of vegetation communities necessary for special status species breeding, feeding, or sheltering. Direct impacts to plants can include crushing of plants, bulbs, or seeds where present in the impact areas.

Indirect Impacts are those that are reasonably foreseeable and caused by a project but occur later in time and/or potentially at locations of some distance from the source of the impact. If a direct Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

10 physical change in the environment in turn causes another change in the environment, then the other change is an indirect impact. Specific examples for this project may include soil compaction that, in the future, following completion of the project, prevents wildlife from digging burrows or allows weedy plant species to thrive. Other examples may include dust that drifts outside of project disturbance areas and covers native plants, thereby decreasing their photosynthetic capacity, and unintentional introduction of invasive species (particularly weedy plant species that outcompete native plant species) that over time negatively affect the local ecology.

Permanent Impacts are those that result in the long-term or irreversible loss of biological resources.

Grading a site to make way for urban development that will be present for years to come is an example of a permanent impact.

Temporary Impacts to biological resources are those that are reversible over time, either inherently or with implementation of Mitigation Measures. Examples include the generation of fugitive dust and noise during project implementation. These temporary impacts are anticipated to last during project implementation and shortly thereafter. However, the biological resources are anticipated to return to baseline conditions after project completion.

Existing Conditions

Biological Resources Assessment 11
3 Existing Conditions

3.1 Physical Characteristics

3.1.1 Topography and Geography
The project site is located in the Antelope Valley, which constitutes the western tip of the Mojave Desert. The Antelope Valley is situated between the Tehachapi, Sierra Pelona, and San Gabriel Mountains. The valley opens up to the Victor Valley and Great Basin to the east and the region is largely composed of mid-elevation desert scrub with areas of residential and industrial development primarily concentrated in the Lancaster and Palmdale areas. Vegetation occurring in the Lancaster and Palmdale areas includes California juniper (Juniperus californica) woodland, Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) woodland, and creosote scrub (Larrea tridentata). The site is relatively flat and gently slopes northward, with elevations ranging from approximately 2,622 to 2,632 feet above mean sea level. The project site is disturbed throughout by off-highway-vehicle (OHV) use and trash dumping.

3.1.2 Watershed and Drainages
The BSA is located in the northeastern section of the Lake Palmdale watershed (HUC-12 180902061501), which is situated within the southern sections of the greater Antelope Valley- Fremont Valley watershed (HUC-8 18090206). The entire Antelope Valley Watershed is a closed basin with a system of Rosamond, Buckhorn, and Rogers dry lakes as the central watershed terminus. Rosamond, Buckhorn, and Rogers Lakes and their tributaries function as an isolated intrastate watershed system, which lacks the presence of a traditionally navigable water (TNW); therefore, not considered jurisdictional with the USACE (SPL-2011-01084-SLP). In past approved jurisdictional determinations by the USACE (SPL-2004-00063-AOA, SPL-2004-00073-KW, 2009- 00634-PHT), however, Lake Palmdale and its tributaries have demonstrated a potential nexus to commerce, and are therefore considered within federal jurisdiction. The waters that may occur within the BSA do not provide surface flow to Lake Palmdale or its tributaries and therefore does not support federally jurisdictional waters.

Within in the BSA, one shallow, ephemeral drainage intersects the project site and adjacent parcel which may generally convey stormwater runoff from the residential development to the south and Palmdale Avenue to the north during significant rain events (Figure 4). This drainage feature is not identified in the NHD or NWI; however, it is identified as a “blue-line stream” in USGS topographic maps. The drainage is isolated and restricted to the extent of the property boundaries within the BSA and therefore does not provide surface flows to adjacent waters, including Rosamond, Buckhorn, Rogers, or Palmdale Lakes (Rincon 2021).

3.1.3 Soils
According to the USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey data for Los Angeles County, California (USDA NRCS 2022), one soil map unit occurs within the BSA: Cajon loamy fine sand (73%), 0 to 2 percent slopes.

This soil type is not considered hydric.

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

12 Figure 4 Jurisdictional Resources

Existing Conditions

Biological Resources Assessment 13
Cajon Series
The Cajon series is a soil series composed of deep, well drained soils that formed in sandy alluvium from granite rocks. The soil type is common in the Antelope Valley and typical in locations with arid climates with hot, dry summers and somewhat moist winters. Average annual precipitation is 2 to 9 inches, mostly in the form of winter rain. Cajon soils excessively drain and have negligible to low runoff, with rapid permeability. Flooding on Cajon soils is none to rare.

3.2 Vegetation and Other Land Cover
Vegetation classification was based on the classification systems provided in A Manual of California Vegetation, Second Edition (MCV2; Sawyer et al. 2009). One vegetation community, Yucca brevifolia Woodland Alliance (Joshua tree woodland), was identified in the BSA. This community generally occurs in alluvial fans, ridges, and gentle to moderate slopes. Canopy, shrub layer, and herbaceous layer is open to intermittent with perennial grasses and seasonal annuals. The BSA was dominated by Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia), with 1 to 5% tree cover and occurrences of Nevada Mormon tea (Ephedra nevadensis), common fiddleneck (Amsinckia intermedia), fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), annual bursage (Ambrosia acanthicarpa), California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), angled stem buckwheat (Eriogonum angulosum), telegraph weed (Heterotheca grandiflora), Acton brittlebush (Encelia actonii), westerm tansymustard (Descurainia pinnata), creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata), jimsonweed (Datura wrightii), Russian thistle (Salsola tragus), California croton (Croton californicus), chia (Salvia columbariae), Cooper’s box thorn (Lycium cooperi), Indian rice grass (Stipa hymenoides), silver cholla (Cylindropuntia echinocarpa), cotton thorn (Tetradymia comosa), and sticky snakeweed (Gutierrezia microcephala).

3.3 General Wildlife
Wildlife detected during the reconnaissance survey were common to the region and areas adjacent to residential developments including California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi), desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus), common raven (Corvus corax), house sparrow (Passer domesticus), song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), Eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto), and northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos).

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

14 4 Sensitive Biological Resources
This section discusses special status species and sensitive biological resources observed in the BSA, and evaluates the potential for the project site to support additional sensitive biological resources.

Assessments for the potential occurrence of special status species are based upon known ranges, habitat preferences for the species, species occurrence records from the CNDDB and other sources, species occurrence records from other sites in the vicinity of the survey area, previous reports for the project site, and the results of surveys of the project site. The potential for each special status species to occur in the BSA was evaluated according to the following criteria:
No Potential. Habitat on and adjacent to the site is clearly unsuitable for the species requirements (foraging, breeding, cover, substrate, elevation, hydrology, plant community, site history, disturbance regime), and species would have been identifiable on the site if present (e.g., oak trees). Protocol surveys (if conducted) did not detect species. Low Potential. Few of the habitat components (foraging, breeding, cover, substrate, elevation, hydrology, plant community, site history, disturbance regime) meeting the species requirements are present, and/or the majority of habitat on and adjacent to the site is unsuitable or of very poor quality. The species is not likely to be found on the site. Protocol surveys (if conducted) did not detect species.
Moderate Potential. Some of the habitat components (foraging, breeding, cover, substrate, elevation, hydrology, plant community, site history, disturbance regime) meeting the species requirements are present, and/or only some of the habitat on or adjacent to the site is unsuitable. The species has a moderate probability of being found on the site. High Potential. All the habitat components (foraging, breeding, cover, substrate, elevation, hydrology, plant community, site history, disturbance regime) meeting the species requirements are present and/or most of the habitat on or adjacent to the site is highly suitable. The species has a high probability of being found on the site.
Present. Species is observed on the site or has been recorded (e.g., CNDDB, other reports) on the site recently (within the last 5 years).

4.1 Special Status Species
Local, state, and federal agencies regulate special status species and may require an assessment of their presence or potential presence to be conducted on site prior to the approval of proposed development on a property. A list of special status plant and wildlife species with potential to occur on site was developed based on a review of a 9-quad search of the CNDDB and the CNPS’ online Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California and can be found in Attachment B.

4.1.1 Special Status Plant Species
The CNDDB/CNPS query results include 19 special status plant species recorded within the 9-quad search area (Appendix B). Special status plant species typically have specialized habitat requirements, including plant community types, soils and elevational ranges. Of the 19 species, 18 are not expected to occur based on the project site’s location and clear lack of suitable habitat (e.g., mountains, forest, elevational ranges). One species, short-joint beavertail (Opuntia basilaris var. brachyclada, CRPR 1B.2), has a low potential to occur on the project site.

Sensitive Biological Resources
Biological Resources Assessment 15
In addition, a total of 181 western Joshua trees (Yucca brevifolia), a candidate species for listing under CESA, were documented throughout the project site (Appendix D).

4.1.2 Special Status Wildlife Species
The CNDDB query results include 31 special status wildlife species within the 9-quad search area (Attachment B). The potential for special status wildlife species to occur on the site was assessed based on known distribution, habitat requirements, and existing site conditions. Of the 31 species, 4 species were determined to have low potential to occur on the project site. The following 5 species have moderate to high potential to occur on the project site:
California glossy snake (Arizona elegans occidentalis); CDFW SSC The project site provides suitable desert habitat with sandy soils. However, the project site is disturbed by trash dumping and OHV use. This species has a moderate potential to occur on the project site.
Coast horned lizard (Phrynosoma blainvillii); CDFW SSC The project site provides suitable desert habitat with sandy soils. However, the project site is disturbed by trash dumping and OHV use. This species has a moderate potential to occur on the project site.
Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia); CDFW SSC
The project site provides suitable desert habitat with suitable burrows made by California ground squirrels and an abundant prey population (insect, lizard, and small mammal species). However, the project site is disturbed by trash dumping and OHV use. In addition, extensive surveys have been conducted on the adjacent parcel which has similar habitat and no owls have been disturbed. The adjacent parcel is currently under construction. This species has a moderate potential to occur on the project site. Extensive surveys of the adjacent site, which has similar habitat, have not documented any burrowing owls. Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus); CDFW SSC
The project site provides suitable Joshua tree woodland habitat with suitable areas for perching, an abundant prey population (lizard and insect species), and shrubs for nesting.

This species has a high potential to occur on the project site. LeConte’s thrasher (Toxostoma lecontei); CDFW SSC
The project site provides suitable desert habitat for foraging and thorny shrubs for nesting.

This species has a high potential to occur on the project site.

In addition, desert kit fox (Vulpes macrotis arsipus), a furbearing mammal protected from take under CDFW regulations (14 CCR §460), was determined to have a moderate potential to occur on the project site. The project site provides suitable desert scrub habitat with an abundant prey population (California ground squirrels) in addition to soils suitable for burrowing. However, the project site is on the western edge of the species range. Mohave ground squirrel protocol surveys were conducted in 2022 and no Mohave ground squirrels were detected. Additionally, all records of the species within the area are more than 20 years old. The results of the 2022 surveys have been included in Appendix E.

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

16 4.2 Sensitive Natural Communities and Critical Habitat The project site is comprised entirely of Joshua tree woodland, a CDFW Rank S3 natural community which is considered sensitive. No USFWS-designated Critical Habitat occurs on the project site.

4.3 Jurisdictional Waters and Wetlands
One shallow, ephemeral drainage intersects the project site and adjacent parcel which may generally convey stormwater runoff from the residential development to the south and from Palmdale Avenue to the north during significant rain events. This drainage feature is not identified in the NHD or NWI; however, it is identified as a dashed “blue-line stream” in USGS topographic maps. Due to the presence of a defined bed and bank, indicated by the break in slope, the CDFW may assert jurisdiction over this drainage (Rincon 2021). As of October 2022, the portion of the drainage in APN 3023-002-016 is under construction and will be filled in pursuant to Streambed Alteration Agreement EPIMS-LAN-23730-R5 and a new temporary 9-foot dirt swale will be constructed to divert flow from the portion of the drainage on APN 3023-002-184 to a stormwater basin south of the project. Grading associated with the project will eliminate the entirety of the remainder of the drainage, as well as the new temporary swale, approximately 0.75 acre (Figure 5), and replace it with underground storm drains which will outlet into an on-site basin. The drainage does not provide surface flows to adjacent waters of the state or waters of the US.

4.4 Wildlife Movement
The project site is surrounded by residential developments on the west, south, and east sides and heavily travelled Palmdale Boulevard to the north. The project site is disturbed by dumping and recreational use, pedestrian and OHVs. Potential wildlife movement on the project site could only occur between the natural habitat block to the north and the surrounding residential developments and does not significantly contribute to a wildlife movement corridor.

4.5 Resources Protected by Local Policies and
Ordinances
Protected Joshua Trees and Native Vegetation
A total of 181 western Joshua tree were recorded within the project site in 2021 (Appendix D).

Attributes recorded for each individual tree included single tree or clonal, height/age class, number of branching terminal panicles, and phenophase (Appendix D). Of the western Joshua trees observed on site, 134 (74%) were characterized as single-growth trees while 47 (26%) were characterized as clonal (Table 1).

Table 1 Summary of Western Joshua Trees on the Project Site Joshua Tree Type Total Number Single Clonal
Mature 108 85 23
Seedling/Juvenile 73 49 24
Total 181 134 47
Sensitive Biological Resources

Biological Resources Assessment 17

4.6 Habitat Conservation Plans
The project site is not located within any HCP, NCCP, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan area.

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

18 Figure 5 Jurisdictional Resources to be Impacted

Impact Analysis and Mitigation Measures

Biological Resources Assessment 19
5 Impact Analysis and Mitigation Measures

5.1 Special Status Species
The proposed project would have a significant effect on biological resources if it would:
a) Have a substantial adverse effect, either dire ctly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

The BSA contains suitable habitat for special status plant species (western Joshua tree and short- joint beavertail cactus), wildlife species (California glossy snake, coast horned lizard, burrowing owl, loggerhead shrike, LeConte’s thrasher), and nesting birds. Direct and potentially indirect impacts to these species may occur as a result of construction activities.

Western Joshua Trees and Short-Joint Beavertail Cacti
Western Joshua tree (State Candidate) has been documented across the project site and short-joint beavertail cactus (CRPR 1B.2) has a moderate potential to occur. Because short-joint beavertail is identifiable at any season but was not observed during the reconnaissance survey, its abundance on the site is expected to be low, if any. Construction of the project will impact these species directly on-site (by permanent removal of 181 western Joshua tree individuals and habitat) and potentially indirectly in the native habitat to the north (through construction dust and other human disturbances that may prevent photosynthesis or degrade habitat). The extensive areas of natural habitat to the north would remain suitable for short-joint beavertail cactus and large enough to support robust populations of this species, and proposed activity at the project site would not substantially affect those regional populations. Absent mitigation, impacts to western Joshua trees would be potentially significant and impacts to short-joint beavertail would be less than significant.

Implementation of mitigation measures BIO-1 and BIO-2 would reduce impacts to western Joshua trees to less than significant and further reduce impacts to short-joint beavertail cacti.

Burrowing Owls
Burrowing owl are a ground-dwelling species that rely on small mammals and large insects for prey.

If owls are present, construction of the project could impact individuals directly (by construction- related injury or mortality and permanent removal of habitat) and potentially indirectly in the native habitat to the north (construction noise, dust, and other human disturbances that may cause a nest to fail). The relatively small project footprint of the site, compared to the amount of available suitable habitat for these species, suggests that site development is unlikely to result in population- level impacts. The presence of extensive areas of natural habitat to the north would remain suitable and large enough to support robust populations of these species, and proposed activity at the project site would not substantially affect those regional populations; therefore, impacts would not be significant. However, implementation of mitigation measures BIO-1, BIO-3, and BIO-4 would ensure compliance with federal and state law by avoiding the take of burrowing owls or destruction of their nests.

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

20 Special Status Reptiles
California glossy snake and coast horned lizard (CDFW SSCs) both have a moderate potential to occur on the project site. If the animals are present, construction of the project would impact these species directly (by permanent removal of habitat) and potentially indirectly (construction noise, dust, and other human disturbances) in the native habitat to the north. The relatively small project footprint of the site, compared to the amount of available suitable habitat for these species, suggests that site development is unlikely to result in population-level impacts. The extensive areas of natural habitat to the north would remain suitable and large enough to support robust populations of these species, and proposed activity at the project site would not substantially affect those regional populations. Therefore, potential impacts to special status reptiles would be less than significant and no further action is recommended.

Special Status and Nesting Birds
Loggerhead shrike and LeConte’s thrasher (CDFW SSCs) as well as migratory or other common nesting birds are protected by the CFGC Sections 3503 and 3503.5, and the federal MBTA and may nest in ornamental trees, grass, bare ground, burrows/cavities, man-made structures and shrubs on or adjacent to the project site. Construction of the project thus has the potential to directly (by destroying a nest) or potentially indirectly (construction noise, dust, and other human disturbances that may cause a nest to fail) impact nesting birds protected under the CFGC and MBTA. Absent mitigation, impacts to special status birds would be potentially significant. Implementation of mitigation measures BIO-1 and BIO-4 would reduce impacts to these species to less than significant and would also ensure compliance with federal and state law by avoiding take of all nesting birds.

Desert Kit Fox
While the desert kit fox is not a special-status species, take of this species is prohibited by CDFW regulations (14 CCR 760) and must be avoided. Desert kit fox has moderate potential to occur on the site due to the presence of suitable habitat, and individuals could be killed or injured by construction equipment if present on the site during construction. Because it is a common species, impacts to the desert kit fox would not rise to the level of significance under CEQA. However, the survey and avoidance measures described in recommended mitigation measure BIO-5 would ensure compliance with CDFW regulations.

BIO-1 Environmental Worker Education Training Program
Before any ground disturbing work (including vegetation clearing and grading) occurs in the construction footprint, a qualified biologist shall conduct a mandatory biological resources awareness training for all construction personnel. Topics to discuss include sensitive species that may be encountered in the project area, photographs to aid in identification of sensitive species that may be encountered, the laws and codes that regulate these species, and the protection measures that must be followed to avoid and minimize impacts. The training shall also include good housekeeping measures and best management practices. If new construction personnel are added to the project, the contractor shall ensure that the new personnel receive the mandatory training before starting work. The subsequent training of personnel may include video of the initial training and/or the use of written materials rather than in-person training by a biologist.

Impact Analysis and Mitigation Measures

Biological Resources Assessment 21
BIO-2 Western Joshua Tree Avoidance and Compensatory Mitigation A Desert Vegetation Preservation Plan shall be developed and submitted to the City of Palmdale. The plan shall include:
à A report and site plan prepared by a desert native plant specialist which depicts the location of each Joshua tree, discusses their age and health, identifies and locates all trees and shrubs which can be saved in place or relocated.
à A site landscaping plan showing the proposed location of those Joshua trees or, and any other native desert vegetation that will remain on-site. à A long-term maintenance program for any desert vegetation preserved on the site. The minimum term of any maintenance program shall be two growing seasons, unless a shorter length of time is determined by the City’s Landscape Architect, or in cases where the trees retained on the site are of such health and vigor after one growing season that their survival is assured.
A desert vegetation removal permit shall be obtained from the City’s Landscape Architect, prior to the removal of any native desert vegetation as defined in this chapter. A Western Joshua Tree Conservation Act Permit shall be obtained prior to the removal of any Joshua trees.
Prior to receiving take authorization from the participating agency, the project proponent shall pay mitigation fees to the participating agency for deposit into the Western Joshua Tree Conservation Fund.

BIO-3 Burrowing Owl Pre-construction Clearance Survey
A qualified wildlife biologist shall conduct a pre-construction survey of proposed impact areas to confirm presence/absence of burrowing owl individuals no more than 14 days prior to construction.

The survey methodology shall be consistent with the methods outlined in the CDFW Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation (2012). If no active breeding or wintering owls are identified, no further mitigation is required.

If burrowing owl is detected on-site, the following mitigation measures shall be implemented in accordance with the CDFW Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation (2012):
The project proponent shall hire a qualified wildlife biologist that should be on-site during initial ground-disturbing activities in potential burrowing owl habitat identified throughout the habitat assessment.
No ground-disturbing activities shall be permitted within a buffer no less than 200 meters (656 feet) from an active burrow, depending on the level of disturbance, unless the qualified biologist determines a reduced buffer would not adversely affect the burrowing owl(s). Occupied burrows shall not be disturbed during the nesting season (February 1 to August 31). During the nonbreeding (winter) season (September 1 to January 31), ground-disturbing work can proceed near active burrows as long as the work occurs no closer than 50 meters (165 feet) from the burrow, depending on whether the level of disturbance is low, and if the active burrow is not directly affected by the project activity. A smaller/larger buffer may be established by the qualified biologist following monitoring and assessments of the project’s effects on the burrowing owls. If active winter burrows are found that would be directly affected by ground- disturbing activities, owls can be excluded from winter burrows according to recommendations Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

22 made in the Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation (2012). Additionally, if burrowing owls are found on-site, a qualified biologist shall prepare and submit a passive relocation program in accordance with Appendix E (i.e., Example Components for Burrowing Owl Artificial Burrow and Exclusion Plans) of the CDFW Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation (2012) for CDFW review and approval prior to the commencement of disturbance activities on-site. Burrowing owls shall not be excluded from burrows until a Burrowing Owl Exclusion Plan is developed based on the recommendations made in Appendix E (i.e., Example Components for Burrowing Owl Artificial Burrow and Exclusion Plans) of the CDFW Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation (2012). The Burrowing Owl Exclusion Plan shall be submitted to CDFW for review and approval prior to the commencement of disturbance activities on-site. Prior to passive relocation, the project proponent shall be responsible for acquiring compensatory mitigation at a ratio of 1:1 for lost breeding and/or wintering habitat. Mitigation shall be implemented on- or off-site including permanent conservation and management of burrowing owl habitat through the recordation of a conservation easement, funding of a non- wasting endowment, and implementation of a Mitigation Land Management Plan based on the CDFW Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation (2012) and CDFW guidance. Mitigation lands shall be identified through coordination with CDFW and on, adjacent, or proximate to the impact site where possible and where habitat is suitable to support burrowing owl. If required, compensatory mitigation shall be completed prior to passive relocation of owls and completion of construction.
When a qualified biologist determines that burrowing owls are no longer occupying the project site and passive relocation is complete, construction activities may begin. A final letter shall be prepared by the qualified biologist documenting the results of the passive relocation. The letter shall be submitted to CDFW.

BIO-4 Pre-construction Nesting Bird Surveys
The following measure is required to maintain compliance with the CFGC Sections 3503 and 3503.5 and the MBTA with respect to nesting birds:
If construction activities take place during the bird nesting season (generally February 1 through August 31, but variable based on seasonal and annual climatic conditions), nesting bird surveys shall be performed by a qualified biologist within three days prior to project activities to determine the presence/absence, location, and status of any active nests on site and within 100 feet of the site.
If nesting birds are found on site, a construction buffer of appropriate size (as determined by the qualified biologist) shall be implemented around the active nests and demarcated with fencing or flagging. If ground/burrow nesting birds are identified, demarcation materials that do not provide perching habitat for predatory bird species shall be used. Nests shall be monitored at a minimum of once per week by the qualified biologist until it has been determined that the nest is no longer being used by either the young or adults. No ground disturbance shall occur within this buffer until the qualified biologist confirms that the breeding/nesting is complete, and all the young have fledged and are capable of surviving independently of the nest. If project activities must occur within the buffer, they shall be conducted at a distance that will prevent project-related disturbances, as determined by the qualified biologist.

If no nesting birds are observed during pre-construction surveys, no further actions are necessary.

Impact Analysis and Mitigation Measures

Biological Resources Assessment 23
BIO-5 Desert Kit Fox
A qualified biologist shall conduct a preconstruction survey for desert kit fox no more than 30 days prior to initiation of construction activities. Inactive dens directly impacted by construction activities shall be excavated by hand and backfilled to prevent reuse. Potentially active dens directly impacted by construction activities shall be monitored for three consecutive nights using a tracking medium such as diatomaceous medium or fire clay and/or infrared camera stations at the entrance. If no tracks are observed in the tracking medium or no photos of the target species are captured after three nights, the den shall be excavated and backfilled by hand. If tracks are observed, dens shall be fitted with the one-way trap doors to encourage animals to move off-site. After 48 hours post installation, the den shall be excavated by hand and collapsed. If an active natal den is detected, construction buffer of appropriate size (as determined by the qualified biologist) shall be implemented around the natal den and demarcated with fencing or flagging.

5.2 Sensitive Natural Communities and Critical Habitat
The proposed project would have a significant effect on biological resources if it would:
b) Have a substantial adverse impact on any ripari an habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations or by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife or US Fish and Wildlife Service.

The proposed project would directly impact 20-gross acres of Joshua tree woodland, as the entire project is subject to clearing and grading. In addition, the proposed project would also indirectly impact the parcel to the north through excessive dust potentially limiting photosynthesis.

Implementation of mitigation measures BIO-1 through BIO-3 would reduce impacts to sensitive natural communities to less than significant.

5.3 Jurisdictional Waters and Wetlands
The proposed project would have a significant effect on biological resources if it would:
c) Have a substantial adverse effect on state or federally protected wetlands (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means.

The drainage discussed in Section 4.3 above is potentially subject to CDFW jurisdiction. The drainage contains a distinct bed and bank and generally conveys surface water flow from stormwater runoff from the southern residential development to the south. Grading associated with project construction will eliminate the entirety of the drainage, approximately 0.75 acre, and replace it with underground storm drains which will outlet into an on-site basin. These impacts to jurisdictional areas would be considered significant but mitigable. Of the 0.75 acres to be impacted, the project proponent has already mitigated 0.49 acres as part of the adjacent project (Streambed Alteration Agreement EPIMS-LAN-23730-R5). As such the remaining 0.26 acres still need to be mitigated as part of the proposed project.

Obtaining a permit from CDFW and potentially providing compensatory mitigation, as required by mitigation measure BIO-6, would reduce potential direct and indirect impacts to this feature to a less than significant level.

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

24 BIO-6 Jurisdictional Waters and Wetlands
Prior to ground disturbance activities, the project proponent shall consult with CDFW. Based on such consultation, if permits are required for the project, appropriate permits shall be obtained prior to disturbance of jurisdictional resources. In addition, compensatory mitigation for impacts to jurisdictional features shall be identified prior to disturbance of the features. A 1:1 mitigation ratio shall be used, unless a higher ratio is required by CDFW. Mitigation may take the form of permittee- responsible on-site or off-site mitigation, or purchasing credits from an approved mitigation bank.

The project proponent shall comply with the compensatory mitigation required and proof of compliance, along with copies of permits obtained from CDFW shall be provided to the City.

5.4 Wildlife Movement
The proposed project would have a significant effect on biological resources if it would:
d) Interfere substantially with the movement of any re sident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of wildlife nursery sites.

The project site is surrounded by residential developments on the west, south, and east sides and heavily travelled Palmdale Boulevard to the north. The project site is disturbed by dumping and recreational use, pedestrian and OHVs. Potential wildlife movement on the project site could only occur between the natural habitat block to the north and the surrounding residential developments and does not significantly contribute to a wildlife movement corridor. Therefore, the project would not interfere with the movement of any native wildlife species. Impacts would be less than significant.

5.5 Resources Protected by Local Policies and
Ordinances
The proposed project would have a significant effect on biological resources if it would:
e) Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance
Implementation of the proposed project would result in permanent direct impacts to all western Joshua trees onsite, as the entire project site is subject to clearing and grading. In addition, the proposed project would also indirectly impact the parcel to the north through excessive dust potentially limiting photosynthesis. As part of compliance with the City of Palmdale Municipal Code, implementation of mitigation measures BIO-1 and BIO-2 would reduce potential impacts to western Joshua trees and native desert vegetation to less than significant. No other tree species would be affected by the project. In addition, the proposed project would be compliant with the City of Palmdale General Plan.

Impact Analysis and Mitigation Measures

Biological Resources Assessment 25

5.6 Habitat Conservation Plans
The proposed project would have a significant effect on biological resources if it would:
f) Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Conservation Community Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan.

The project is not located within any HCP, NCCP, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan area. Therefore, the project would not conflict with any existing conservation plans. No impact would occur.

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

26 6 Limitations, Assumptions, and Use
Reliance
This Biological Resources Assessment has been performed in accordance with professionally accepted biological investigation practices conducted at this time and in this geographic area. The biological investigation is limited by the scope of work performed. Reconnaissance biological surveys for certain taxa may have been conducted as part of this assessment but were not performed during a particular blooming period, nesting period, or particular portion of the season when positive identification would be expected if present, and therefore, cannot be considered definitive. The biological surveys are limited also by the environmental conditions present at the time of the surveys. In addition, general biological (or protocol) surveys do not guarantee that the organisms are not present and will not be discovered in the future within the site. In particular, mobile wildlife species could occupy the site on a transient basis, or re-establish populations in the future. Our field studies were based on current industry practices, which change over time and may not be applicable in the future. No other guarantees or warranties, expressed or implied, are provided. The findings and opinions conveyed in this report are based on findings derived from site reconnaissance, jurisdictional areas, review of CNDDB RareFind5, and specified historical and literature sources. Standard data sources relied upon during the completion of this report, such as the CNDDB, may vary with regard to accuracy and completeness. In particular, the CNDDB is compiled from research and observations reported to CDFW that may or may not have been the result of comprehensive or site-specific field surveys. Although Rincon believes the data sources are reasonably reliable, Rincon cannot and does not guarantee the authenticity or reliability of the data sources it has used. Additionally, pursuant to our contract, the data sources reviewed included only those that are practically reviewable without the need for extraordinary research and analysis.

References

Biological Resources Assessment 27
7 References
California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). 2012. Staff Report on Burrowing Owl Mitigation. _____. 2021. DRAFT Joshua Tree ITP Field Work and Application Guidance. Version date: April 20, 2021.
_____. 2022a. California Natural Diversity Database, Rarefind V5. Accessed September 26, 2022. _____. 2022b. Biogeographic Information and Observation System (BIOS). Retrieved September 26, 2022 from www.wildlife.ca.gov/data/BIOS
_____. 2022c. Special Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, and Lichens List. Biogeographic Data Branch, California Natural Diversity Database. October 2022.
_____. 2022d. Special Animals List. Biogeographic Data Branch, California Natural Diversity Database. October 2022.

California Native Plant Society. 2022. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants. v9-01 1.5. Updated online and accessed via: www.rareplants.cnps.org.

Rincon Consultants, Inc. 2021. TTM 73068 Development Project Jurisdictional Waters and Wetlands Delineation Report. September 2021.

Sawyer, J. O., T. Keeler-Wolf, and J.M. Evens. 2009. A Manual of California Vegetation, Second Edition. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, California.

Spencer, W.D., P. Beier, K. Penrod, K. Winters, C. Paulman, H. Rustigian-Romsos, J. Strittholt, M.

Parisi, and A. Pettler. 2010. California Essential Habitat Connectivity Project: A Strategy for Conserving a Connected California. Prepared for California Department of Transportation, California Department of Fish and Game, and Federal Highways Administration.

United States Department of Agricultural, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2022. Web Soil Survey. Accessed September 26, 2022. Soil Survey Area: Los Angeles County, California.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2022a. Information for Planning and Consultation online project planning tool. Available at: https://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/ _____. 2022b. Critical Habitat Portal. Available at: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/report/table/critical- habitat.html
Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

28 8 List of Preparers
Rincon Consultants, Inc.

Primary Author
Amy Leigh Trost, Biologist
Technical Review
Brenna Vredeveld, MESc, Supervising Biologist/ Program Manager Christopher Julian, Principal Regulatory Specialist
Graphics
Allysen Valencia, GIS Analyst
Publishing
Luis Apolinar, Publishing Specialist
Field Reconnaissance Survey
Amy Leigh Trost, Biologist

Appendix A
Regulatory Framework

Regulatory Framework
Biological Resources Assessment A-1
Regulatory Framework
The following is a brief summary of the regulatory context under which biological resources are managed at the federal, state, and local levels. A number of federal and state statutes provide a regulatory structure that guides the protection of biological resources. Agencies with the responsibility for protection of biological resources within the project site include the following:
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (wetlands and other waters of the United States) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (federally listed species and migratory birds) National Marine Fisheries Service (marine wildlife and anadromous fishes) Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board (waters of the State) California Department Fish and Wildlife (riparian areas, streambeds, and lakes; state-listed species; nesting birds, marine resources)
California Coastal Commission
City of Palmdale
United States Army Corps of Engineers
The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is responsible for administering several federal programs related to ensuring the quality and navigability of the nation’s waters.

Clean Water Act Section 404
Congress enacted the Clean Water Act (CWA) “to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters.” Section 404 of the CWA authorizes the Secretary of the Army, acting through the USACE, to issue permits regulating the discharge of dredged or fill materials into the “navigable waters at specified disposal sites.” Section 502 of the CWA further defines "navigable waters" as “waters of the United States, including the territorial seas.” “Waters of the United States” are broadly defined at 33 CFR Part 328.3 to include navigable waters, perennial and intermittent streams, lakes, rivers, ponds, as well as wetlands, marshes, and wet meadows. In recent years, the USACE and US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) have undertaken several efforts to modernize their regulations defining “waters of the United States” (e.g., the 2015 Clean Water Rule and 2020 Navigable Waters Protection Rule), but these efforts have been frustrated by legal challenges which have invalidated the updated regulations. Thus, the agencies’ longstanding definition of “waters of the United States,” which dates from 1986, remains in effect albeit with supplemental guidance interpreting applicable court decisions as described below.

Waters of the U.S.

In summary, USACE and USEPA regulations define “waters of the United States” as follows:

All waters which are currently used, or were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce, including all waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide;
Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359
A-2
All interstate waters including interstate wetlands;
All other waters such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent streams), mudflats, sandflats, wetlands, sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or natural ponds, the use, degradation or destruction of which could affect interstate or foreign commerce including any such waters:
i. Which are or could be used by interstate or foreign travelers for recreational or other purposes; or
ii. From which fish or shellfish are or could be taken and sold in interstate or foreign commerce; or
iii. Which are used or could be used for indust rial purpose by industries in interstate commerce;
All impoundments of waters otherwise defined as waters of the United States; Tributaries of waters identified in paragraphs (a)(1)-(4) of this section; The territorial sea;
Wetlands adjacent to waters (other than waters that are themselves wetlands) identified in items 1-6 above.

Waters of the United States do not include prior converted cropland. Notwithstanding the determination of an area’s status as prior converted cropland by any other federal agency, for the purposes of the CWA, the final authority regarding CWA jurisdiction remains with the USEPA.

Waste treatment systems, including treatment ponds or lagoons designed to meet the requirements of CWA are not waters of the United States.

The lateral limits of USACE jurisdiction in non-tidal waters is defined by the "ordinary high-water mark" (OHWM) unless adjacent wetlands are present. The OHWM is a line on the shore or edge of a channel established by the fluctuations of water and indicated by physical characteristics such as a clear, natural line impressed upon the bank, shelving, changes in the character of soil, destruction of vegetation, or the presence of debris (33 CFR 328.3(e)). As such, waters are recognized in the field by the presence of a defined watercourse with appropriate physical and topographic features. If wetlands occur within, or adjacent to, waters of the United States, the lateral limits of USACE jurisdiction extend beyond the OHWM to the outer edge of the wetlands (33 CFR 328.4 (c)). The upstream limit of jurisdiction in the absence of adjacent wetlands is the point beyond which the OHWM is no longer perceptible (33 CFR 328.4; see also 51 FR 41217).

Wetlands
The USACE defines wetlands as “those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions” (33 CFR 328.3). The USACE’s delineation procedures identify wetlands in the field based on indicators of three wetland parameters: hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland hydrology. The following is a discussion of each of these parameters.

Hydrophytic Vegetation
Hydrophytic vegetation dominates areas where frequency and duration of inundation or soil saturation exerts a controlling influence on the plant species present. Plant species are assigned Regulatory Framework

Biological Resources Assessment A-3
wetland indicator status according to the probability of their occurring in wetlands. More than fifty percent of the dominant plant species must have a wetland indicator status to meet the hydrophytic vegetation criterion. The USACE published the National Wetland Plant List (USACE 2018), which separates vascular plants into the following four basic categories based on plant species frequency of occurrence in wetlands:
Obligate Wetland (OBL). Almost always occur in wetlands Facultative Wetland (FACW). Usually occur in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands Facultative (FAC). Occur in wetlands or non-wetlands
Facultative Upland (FACU). Usually occur in non-wetlands, but may occur in wetlands Obligate Upland (UPL). Almost never occur in wetlands The USACE considers OBL, FACW and FAC species to be indicators of wetlands. An area is considered to have hydrophytic vegetation when greater than 50 percent of the dominant species in each vegetative stratum (tree, shrub, and herb) fall within these categories. Any species not appearing on the United States Fish and Wildlife Service’s list is assumed to be an upland species, almost never occurring in wetlands. In addition, an area needs to contain at least 5% vegetative cover to be considered as a vegetated wetland.

Hydric Soils
Hydric soils are saturated or inundated for a sufficient duration during the growing season to develop anaerobic or reducing conditions that favor the growth and regeneration of hydrophytic vegetation. Field indicators of wetland soils include observations of ponding, inundation, saturation, dark (low chroma) soil colors, bright mottles (concentrations of oxidized minerals such as iron), gleying (indicates reducing conditions by a blue-grey color), or accumulation of organic material.

Additional supporting information includes documentation of soil as hydric or reference to wet conditions in the local soils survey, both of which must be verified in the field.

Wetland Hydrology
Wetland hydrology is inundation or soil saturation with a frequency and duration long enough to cause the development of hydric soils and plant communities dominated by hydrophytic vegetation.

If direct observation of wetland hydrology is not possible (as in seasonal wetlands), or records of wetland hydrology are not available (such as stream gauges), assessment of wetland hydrology is frequently supported by field indicators, such as water marks, drift lines, sediment deposits, or drainage patterns in wetlands.

Applicable Case Law and Agency Guidance
The USACE’s regulations defining “waters of the United States” have been subject to legal interpretation, and two influential Supreme Court decisions have narrowed the definition to exclude certain classes of waters that bear an insufficient connection to navigable waters. In Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County v. Army Corps of Engineers (2001), the United States Supreme Court stated that the USACE’s CWA jurisdiction does not extend to ponds that “are not adjacent to open water.” In reaching its decision, the Court concluded that the “Migratory Bird Rule,” which served as the basis for the USACE’s asserted jurisdiction, was not supported by the CWA. The Migratory Bird Rule extended CWA jurisdiction to intrastate waters "which are or would be used as habitat by birds protected by Migratory Bird Treaties or which are or would be used as habitat by Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

A-4
other migratory birds which cross state lines…” The Court was concerned that application of the Migratory Bird Rule resulted in "reading the term ‘navigable waters’ out of the statute. Highlighting the language of the CWA to determine the statute’s jurisdictional reach, the Court stated, “the term ‘navigable’ has at least the import of showing us what Congress had in mind as its authority for enacting the CWA: its traditional jurisdiction over waters that were or had been navigable in fact or which could reasonably be so made.” This decision stands for the proposition that non-navigable isolated, intrastate waters are not waters of the United States and thus are not jurisdictional under the CWA.

In 2006 the United States Supreme Court decided Rapanos v. United States and Carabell v. United States (collectively “Rapanos”), which were consolidated cases determining the extent of CWA jurisdiction over waters that carry only an infrequent surface flow. The court issued no majority opinion in Rapanos. Instead, the justices authored five separate opinions including the “plurality” opinion, authored by Justice Scalia (joined by three other justices), and a concurring opinion by Justice Kennedy. To guide implementation of the decision, the USACE and USEPA issued a joint guidance memorandum (“Rapanos Guidance Memorandum”) in 2008 stating that “regulatory jurisdiction under the CWA exists over a water body if either the plurality’s or Justice Kennedy’s standard is satisfied.”
According to the plurality opinion in Rapanos, “the waters of the United States include only relatively permanent, standing or flowing bodies of water” and do not include “ordinarily dry channels through which water occasionally or intermittently flows.” In addition, while all wetlands that meet the USACE definition are considered adjacent wetlands, only those adjacent wetlands that have a continuous surface connection because they directly abut the tributary (e.g., they are not separated by uplands, a berm, dike, or similar feature) are considered jurisdictional under the plurality standard.

Under Justice Kennedy’s opinion, “the USACE’s jurisdiction over wetlands depends upon the existence of a significant nexus between the wetlands in question and navigable waters in the traditional sense. Wetlands possess the requisite nexus, and thus come within the statutory phrase ‘navigable waters,’ if the wetlands, either alone or in combination with similarly situated lands in the region, significantly affect the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of other covered waters more readily understood as ‘navigable.’ When, in contrast, wetlands’ effects on water quality are speculative or insubstantial, they fall outside the zone fairly encompassed by the statutory term ‘navigable waters.’” Justice Kennedy identified "pollutant trapping, flood control, and runoff storage" as some of the critical functions wetlands can perform relative to other waters. He concluded that, given wetlands’ ecological role, ”mere adjacency” to a non-navigable tributary was insufficient to establish CWA jurisdiction, and that “a more specific inquiry, based on the significant nexus standard, is therefore necessary.”
Interpreting these decisions, and according to the Rapanos Guidance Memorandum, the USACE and USEPA will assert jurisdiction over the following waters:
Traditional navigable waters;
Wetlands adjacent to traditional navigable waters;
Non-navigable tributaries of traditional navigable waters that are relatively permanent where the tributaries typically flow year-round or have continuous flow at least seasonally (e.g., typically three months); and,
Wetlands that directly abut such tributaries.

Regulatory Framework

Biological Resources Assessment A-5
The USACE and USEPA will decide jurisdiction over the following waters based on a fact-specific analysis to determine whether they have a significant nexus with a traditional navigable water:
Non-navigable tributaries that are not relatively permanent; Wetlands adjacent to non-navigable tributaries that are not relatively permanent; and, Wetlands adjacent to but that do not directly abut a relatively permanent non-navigable tributary.

Where a significant nexus analysis is required, the USACE and USEPA will apply the significant nexus standard as follows:
A significant nexus analysis will assess the flow characteristics and functions of the tributary itself and the functions performed by all wetlands adjacent to the tributary to determine if they significantly affect the chemical, physical and biological integrity of downstream traditional navigable waters; and,
Significant nexus includes consideration of hydrologic and ecologic factors.

The USACE and USEPA generally will not assert jurisdiction over the following features:
Swales or erosional features (e.g., gullies, small washes characterized by low volume, infrequent, or short duration flow); and,
Ditches (including roadside ditches) excavated wholly in and draining only uplands and that do not carry a relatively permanent flow of water.

Rivers and Harbors Act Section 10
Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 requires authorization from the USACE for the construction of any structure in or over any navigable water of the United States. Structures or work outside the limits defined for navigable waters of the United States require a Section 10 permit if the structure or work affects the course, location, or condition of the water body. The law applies to any dredging or disposal of dredged materials, excavation, filling, re-channelization, or any other modification of a navigable water of the United States, and applies to all structures and work. It further includes, without limitation, any wharf, dolphin, weir, boom breakwater, jetty, groin, bank protection (e.g., riprap, revetment, bulkhead), mooring structures such as pilings, aerial or subaqueous power transmission lines, intake or outfall pipes, permanently moored floating vessel, tunnel, artificial canal, boat ramp, aids to navigation, and any other permanent, or semi-permanent obstacle or obstruction. It is important to note that Section 10 applies only to navigable waters, and thus does not apply to work in non-navigable wetlands or tributaries. In some cases, Section 10 authorization is issued by the USACE concurrently with CWA Section 404 authorization, such as when certain Nationwide Permits are used.

Regional Water Quality Control Board
The State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and nine Regional Water Quality Control Boards (RWQCBs) have jurisdiction over “waters of the State,” which are defined as any surface water or groundwater, including saline waters, within the boundaries of the state (California Water Code sec. 13050(e)). These agencies also have responsibilities for administering portions of the CWA.

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

A-6
Clean Water Act Section 401
Section 401 of the CWA requires an applicant requesting a federal license or permit for an activity that may result in any discharge into navigable waters (such as a Section 404 Permit) to provide state certification that the proposed activity will not violate state and federal water quality standards. In California, CWA Section 401 Water Quality Certification (Section 401 Certification) is issued by the RWQCBs and by the SWRCB for multi-region projects. The process begins when an applicant submits an application to the RWQCB and informs the USACE (or the applicable agency from which a license or permit was requested) that an application has been submitted. The USACE will then determine a “reasonable period of time” for the RWQCB to act on the application; this is typically 60 days for routine projects and longer for complex projects but may not exceed one year.

When the period has elapsed, if the RWQCB has not either issued or denied the application for Section 401 Certification, the USACE may determine that Certification has been waived and issue the requested permit. If a Section 401 Certification is issued it may include binding conditions, imposed either through the Certification itself or through the requested federal license or permit.

Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act
The Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act (Porter-Cologne Act) is the principal law governing water quality regulation in California. It establishes a comprehensive program to protect water quality and the beneficial uses of water. The Porter-Cologne Act applies to surface waters, wetlands, and ground water and to both point and nonpoint sources of pollution. Pursuant to the Porter- Cologne Act (California Water Code section 13000 et seq.), the policy of the State is as follows:
The quality of all the waters of the State shall be protected All activities and factors affecting the quality of water shall be regulated to attain the highest water quality within reason
The State must be prepared to exercise its full power and jurisdiction to protect the quality of water in the State from degradation
The Porter-Cologne Act established nine RWQCBs (based on watershed boundaries) and the SWRCB, which are charged with implementing its provisions and which have primary responsibility for protecting water quality in California. The SWRCB provides program guidance and oversight, allocates funds, and reviews RWQCB decisions. In addition, the SWRCB allocates rights to the use of surface water. The RWQCBs have primary responsibility for individual permitting, inspection, and enforcement actions within each of nine hydrologic regions. The SWRCB and RWQCBs have numerous nonpoint source related responsibilities, including monitoring and assessment, planning, financial assistance, and management.

Section 13260 of the Porter-Cologne Act requires any person discharging or proposing to discharge waste that could affect the quality of waters of the State to file a Report of Waste Discharge with the appropriate RWQCB. The RWQCB may then authorize the discharge, subject to conditions, by issuing Waste Discharge Requirements (WDRs). While this requirement was historically applied primarily to outfalls and similar point source discharges, the SWRCB’s State Wetland Definition and Procedures for Discharges of Dredged or Fill Material to Waters of the State, effective May 2020, make it clear that the agency will apply the Porter-Cologne Act’s requirements to discharges of dredge and fill material as well. The Procedures state that they are to be used in issuing CWA Section 401 Certifications and WDRs, and largely mirror the existing review requirements for CWA Regulatory Framework

Biological Resources Assessment A-7
Section 404 Permits and Section 401 Certifications, incorporating most elements of the USEPA’s Section 404(b)(1) Guidelines. Following issuance of the Procedures, the SWRCB produced a consolidated application form for dredge/fill discharges that can be used to obtain a CWA Section 401 Water Quality Certification, WDRs, or both.

Non-Wetland Waters of the State
The SWRCB and RWQCBs have not established regulations for field determinations of waters of the state except for wetlands currently. In many cases the RWQCBs interpret the limits of waters of the State to be bounded by the OHWM unless isolated conditions or ephemeral waters are present.

However, in the absence of statewide guidance each RWQCB may interpret jurisdictional boundaries within their region and the SWRCB has encouraged applicants to confirm jurisdictional limits with their RWQCB before submitting applications. As determined by the RWQCB, waters of the State may include riparian areas or other locations outside the OHWM, leading to a larger jurisdictional area over a given water body compared to the USACE.

Wetland Waters of the State
Procedures for defining wetland waters of the State pursuant to the SWRCB’s State Wetland Definition and Procedures for Discharges of Dredged or Fill Material to Waters of the State went into effect May 28, 2020. The SWRCB defines an area as wetland if, under normal circumstances:
(i) the area has continuous or recurrent saturation of the upper substrate caused by groundwater, or shallow surface water, or both;
(ii) the duration of such saturation is sufficient to cause anaerobic conditions in the upper substrate; and
(iii) the area’s vegetation is dominated by hydrophytes or the area lacks vegetation.

The SWRCB’s Implementation Guidance for the Wetland Definition and Procedures for Discharges of Dredge and Fill Material to Waters of the State (2020), states that waters of the U.S. and waters of the State should be delineated using the standard USACE delineation procedures, taking into consideration that the methods shall be modified only to allow for the fact that a lack of vegetation does not preclude an area from meeting the definition of a wetland.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service
The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) implements several laws protecting the Nation’s fish and wildlife resources, including the Endangered Species Act (ESA; 16 United States Code [USC] Sections 153 et seq.), the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA; 16 USC Sections 703-711) and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (16 USC Section 668).

Endangered Species Act
The USFWS and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) share responsibility for implementing the ESA. Generally, the USFWS implements the FESA for terrestrial and freshwater species, while the NMFS implements the FESA for marine and anadromous species. Projects that would result in “take” of any threatened or endangered wildlife species, or a threatened or endangered plant species if occurring on federal land, are required to obtain permits from the USFWS or NMFS through either Section 7 (interagency consultation with a federal nexus) or Section 10 (Habitat Conservation Plan) Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359
A-8
of the ESA, depending on the involvement by the federal government in funding, authorizing, or carrying out the project. The permitting process is used to determine if a project would jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species and what measures would be required to avoid jeopardizing the species. “Take” under federal definition means to harass, harm (which includes habitat modification), pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct. Proposed or candidate species do not have the full protection of the ESA; however, the USFWS and NMFS advise project applicants that they could be elevated to listed status at any time.

Migratory Bird Treaty Act
The MBTA of 1918 implements four international conservation treaties that the U.S. entered into with Canada in 1916, Mexico in 1936, Japan in 1972, and Russia in 1976. It is intended to ensure the sustainability of populations of all protected migratory bird species. The law has been amended with the signing of each treaty, as well as when any of the treaties were amended, such as with Mexico in 1976 and Canada in 1995. The MBTA prohibits the take (including killing, capturing, selling, trading, and transport) of protected migratory bird species without prior authorization by the USFWS.

The list of migratory bird species protected by the law, in regulations at 50 CFR Part 10.13, is primarily based on bird families and species included in the four international treaties. A migratory bird species is included on the list if it meets one or more of the following criteria:

It occurs in the United States or U.S. territories as the result of natural biological or ecological processes and is currently, or was previously listed as, a species or part of a family protected by one of the four international treaties or their amendments.

Revised taxonomy results in it being newly split from a species that was previously on the list, and the new species occurs in the United States or U.S. territories as the result of natural biological or ecological processes.

New evidence exists for its natural occurrence in the United States or U.S. territories resulting from natural distributional changes and the species occurs in a protected family.

In 2004, the Migratory Bird Treaty Reform Act limited the scope of the MBTA by stating the MBTA applies only to migratory bird species that are native to the United States or U.S. territories, and that a native migratory bird species is one that is present as a result of natural biological or ecological processes. The MBTRA requires the USFWS to publish a list of all nonnative, human- introduced bird species to which the MBTA does not apply, and an updated list was published in 2020. The 2020 update identifies species belonging to biological families referred to in treaties the MBTA implements but are not protected because their presence in the United States or U.S. territories is solely the result of intentional or unintentional human-assisted introductions.

Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act
The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act prohibits anyone, without a permit issued by the USFWS, from “taking” bald or golden eagles, including their parts (including feathers), nests, or eggs. The Act provides criminal penalties for persons who “take, possess, sell, purchase, barter, offer to sell, purchase or barter, transport, export or import, at any time or any manner, any bald eagle ... [or any golden eagle], alive or dead, or any part, nest, or egg thereof.” The Act defines “take” as “pursue, shoot, shoot at, poison, wound, kill, capture, trap, collect, molest or disturb.” Regulatory Framework

Biological Resources Assessment A-9
“Disturb” means “to agitate or bother a bald or golden eagle to a degree that causes, or is likely to cause, based on the best scientific information available, 1) injury to an eagle, 2) a decrease in its productivity, by substantially interfering with normal breeding, feeding, or sheltering behavior, or 3) nest abandonment, by substantially interfering with normal breeding, feeding, or sheltering behavior.”
In addition to immediate impacts, this definition also covers impacts that result from human- induced alterations initiated around a previously used nest site during a time when eagles are not present, if, upon the eagle’s return, such alterations agitate or bother an eagle to a degree that interferes with or interrupts normal breeding, feeding, or sheltering habits, and causes injury, death or nest abandonment.

California Department of Fish and Wildlife
The California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) derives its authority from the Fish and Game Code of California and administers several State laws protecting fish and wildlife resources and the habitats upon which they depend.

California Endangered Species Act
The California Endangered Species Act (CESA) (Fish and Game Code Section 2050 et. seq.) prohibits take of state listed threatened or endangered. Take under CESA is defined as “Hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill, or attempt to hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill” (Fish and Game Code sec. 86).

This definition does not prohibit indirect harm by way of habitat modification, except where such harm is the proximate cause of death of a listed species. Where incidental take would occur during construction or other lawful activities, CESA allows the CDFW to issue an Incidental Take Permit upon finding, among other requirements, that impacts to the species have been minimized and fully mitigated. Unlike the federal ESA, CESA’s protections extend to candidate species during the period (typically one year) while the California Fish and Game Commission decides whether the species warrants CESA listing.

Native Plant Protection Act
The CDFW also has authority to administer the Native Plant Protection Act (NPPA) (Fish and Game Code Section 1900 et seq.). The NPPA requires the CDFW to establish criteria for determining if a species, subspecies, or variety of native plant is endangered or rare, and prohibits the take of listed plant species. Effective in 2015, CDFW promulgated regulations (14 CCR 786.9) under the authority of the NPPA, establishing that the CESA’s permitting procedures would be applied to plants listed under the NPPA as "Rare." With this change, there is little practical difference for the regulated public between plants listed under CESA and those listed under the NPPA.

Fully Protected Species Laws
The CDFW enforces Sections 3511, 4700, 5050, and 5515 of the Fish and Game Code, which prohibit take of species designated as Fully Protected. The CDFW is not allowed to issue an Incidental Take Permit for Fully Protected species; therefore, impacts to these species must be avoided. The exception is situations where a Natural Community Conservation Plan (NCCP) is in place that authorizes take of the fully protected species.

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

A-10
Avian Protection Laws
California Fish and Game Code sections 3503, 3503.5, and 3513 describe unlawful take, possession, or destruction of native birds, nests, and eggs. Section 3503.5 of the Code protects all birds-of-prey and their eggs and nests against take, possession, or destruction of nests or eggs. Section 3513 makes it a state-level offense to take any bird in violation of the federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act.

Protection of Lakes and Streambeds
California Fish and Game Code section 1602 states that it is unlawful for any person to "substantially divert or obstruct the natural flow of, or substantially change or use any material from the bed, channel, or bank of, any river, stream, or lake" without first notifying the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) of that activity. Thereafter, if CDFW determines and informs the entity that the activity will not substantially adversely affect any existing fish or wildlife resources, the entity may commence the activity. If, however, CDFG determines that the activity may substantially adversely affect an existing fish or wildlife resource, the entity may be required to obtain from CDFW a Streambed Alteration Agreement (SAA), which will include reasonable measures necessary to protect the affected resource(s), before the entity may conduct the activity described in the notification. Upon receiving a complete Notification of Lake/Streambed Alteration, CDFW has 60 days to present the entity with a Draft SAA. Upon review of the Draft SAA by the applicant, any problematic terms are negotiated with CDFW and a final SAA is executed.

The CDFW has not defined the term “stream” for the purposes of implementing its regulatory program under Section 1602, and the agency has not promulgated regulations directing how jurisdictional streambeds may be identified, or how their limits should be delineated. However, four relevant sources of information offer insight as to the appropriate limits of CDFW jurisdiction as discussed below.
The plain language of Section 1602 of CFGC establishes the following general concepts:
à References “river,” “stream,” and “lake”
à References “natural flow”
à References “bed,” “bank,” and “channel”
Applicable court decisions, in particular Rutherford v. State of California (188 Cal App. 3d 1276 (1987), which interpreted Section 1602’s use of “stream” to be as defined in common law. The Court indicated that a “stream” is commonly understood to:
à Have a source and a terminus
à Have banks and a channel
à Convey flow at least periodically, but need not flow continuously and may at times appear outwardly dry
à Represent the depression between the banks worn by the regular and usual flow of the water
à Include the area between the opposing banks measured from the foot of the banks from the top of the water at its ordinary stage, including intervening sand bars à Include the land that is covered by the water in its ordinary low stage à Include lands below the OHWM
Regulatory Framework

Biological Resources Assessment A-11
CDFW regulations defining “stream” for other purposes, including sport fishing (14 CCR 1.72) and streambed alterations associated with cannabis production (14 CCR 722(c)(21)), which indicate that a stream:
à Flows at least periodically or intermittently
à Flows through a bed or channel having banks
à Supports fish or aquatic life
à Can be dry for a period of time
à Includes watercourses where surface or subsurface flow supports or has supported riparian vegetation
Guidance documents, including A Field Guide to Lake and Streambed Alteration Agreements (CDFG 1994) and Methods to Describe and Delineate Episodic Stream Processes on Arid Landscapes for Permitting Utility-Scale Solar Power Plants (Brady and Vyverberg 2013), which suggest the following:
à A stream may flow perennially or episodically
à A stream is defined by the course in which water currently flows, or has flowed during the historic hydrologic course regime (approximately the last 200 years) à Width of a stream course can reasonably be identified by physical or biological indicators à A stream may have one or more channels (single thread vs. compound form) à Features such as braided channels, low-flow channels, active channels, banks associated with secondary channels, floodplains, islands, and stream-associated vegetation, are interconnected parts of the watercourse
à Canals, aqueducts, irrigation ditches, and other means of water conveyance can be considered streams if they support aquatic life, riparian vegetation, or stream-dependent terrestrial wildlife
à Biologic components of a stream may include aquatic and riparian vegetation, all aquatic wildlife including fish, amphibians, reptiles, invertebrates, and terrestrial species which derive benefits from the stream system
à The lateral extent of a stream can be measured in different ways depending on the particular situation and the type of fish or wildlife resource at risk The tenets listed above, among others, are applied to establish the boundaries of streambeds in various environments. Importance of each factor may be weighted based on site-specific considerations and the applicability of the indicators to the streambed at hand.

Local Jurisdiction
City of Palmdale, California
City of Palmdale General Plan
Within the Environmental Resources Element of the City of Palmdale General Plan, the policies applicable to the proposed project include the following:

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

A-12
CON-1.1 Endangered species protection. Ensure local compliance with the CESA and FESA. CON-1.2 Joshua and Juniper trees. Continue enforcing the City’s Native Vegetation Ordinance to protect western Joshua trees and Juniper trees.
CON-1.3 West Mojave Plan. Comply with the required implementation of the West Mojave Plan for protection of desert tortoise and Mohave ground squirrel. CON-1.4 Significant ecological areas. Identify and preserve to the greatest extent feasible significant ecological areas (SEA’s). Areas to consider for open space preservation include, but are not limited to, Tejon Park, Barrel Springs Southern Trailhead, and the Una Lake area. CON-1.5 Preserve ecological resource areas. Preserve natural drainage courses and riparian areas where ecological resources exist in significant concentrations. CON-1.6 Increase conservation areas. Coordinate with state agencies to help achieve the goals of 30x30: to protect 30 percent of California’s land by 2030 by identifying optimal sites for land conservation.
CON-1.7 Wetland and floodplain areas. Solicit and utilize all available sources of local, regional, state, and federal funds to acquire significant wetland areas and floodplains to minimize disturbance and prevent damage from erosion, turbidity, siltation, loss of wildlife and vegetation, or the destruction of the natural habitat.

City of Palmdale Code of Ordinances

14.04.040 Requirements for removal.

A. Desert vegetation shall not be removed, nor caused to be removed, on or from any parcel of land, except as provided by the provisions of this chapter.

B. A native desert vegetation removal permit shall be obtained from the City’s Landscape Architect, or in lieu thereof, the Director of Public Works’ designee, prior to the removal of any native desert vegetation as defined in this chapter.

C. The project proponent or its agent may remove a detached dead western Joshua tree or detached limb of a western Joshua tree. All other removals and all trimming of western Joshua trees authorized by permits issued pursuant to this subsection shall be completed by a desert native plant specialist. A permit may be issued, without payment of mitigation fees, provided that the dead western Joshua tree or the limb(s) to be removed:

1. Has fallen over and is within 30 feet of a structure;

2. Is leaning against an existing structure; or

3. Creates an imminent threat to public health or safety.

D. Census.

1. The project proponent proposing to relocate or remove a western Joshua tree shall cause a census of western Joshua trees to be conducted on the project site. The census shall count all western Joshua trees on the project site and classify them by size class.

2. Prior to receiving take authorization from the participating agency, the project proponent shall submit to the participating agency a census report that shall include the following:
a. The name of the desert native plant specialist who conducted the census and the employer of the desert native plant specialist.
b. The name of the desert native plant specialist who will relocate western Joshua trees, if applicable, and the employer of the desert native plant specialist. c. The date of the census.

Regulatory Framework

Biological Resources Assessment A-13
d. The date or dates of the proposed relocation of western Joshua trees, if applicable. e. A map of the project site that depicts: the location of the proposed single-family residence, accessory structure, or public works project; the number and location of all western Joshua trees on the project site; and the proposed placement of each relocated western Joshua tree.
f. Photographs of each western Joshua tree on the project site, including a visual representation of the scale of the height of each tree.

E. Avoidance. To the maximum extent practicable, the project proponent shall avoid take of western Joshua trees on the project site.

F. Minimization.

1. The project proponent shall avoid all ground-disturbing activities within 10 feet of any western Joshua tree if those activities will disturb the soil to a depth of greater than 12 inches.

2. To the maximum extent feasible, the project proponent shall relocate all western Joshua trees that cannot be avoided to another location on the project site.

3. For purposes of this subsection, relocation of a western Joshua tree shall be determined to be infeasible if either of the following applies:
a. Relocation of the western Joshua tree on the project site would pose a threat to public health or safety.
b. Relocation of the western Joshua tree on the project site would interfere with existing roadways, sidewalks, curbs, gutters, utility lines, sewer lines, drainage improvements, foundations, existing structures, or setbacks to any of those structures or improvements.
c. There is no location on the project site that satisfies the requirements listed above.

4. The project proponent shall ensure that relocation of western Joshua trees pursuant to this section satisfies the following requirements:
a. All western Joshua tree relocations shall be completed by a desert native plant specialist.
b. All western Joshua trees to be relocated shall be placed at least 25 feet from any existing or proposed structure or improvement and at least 10 feet from any other western Joshua tree.
c. Within 30 days of completing the relocation, the project proponent shall provide the participating agency with a map of the project site indicating where each western Joshua tree was relocated.

G. Removal. A project proponent may remove western Joshua trees that cannot feasibly be avoided or relocated.

H. Mitigation. Prior to receiving take authorization from the participating agency, the project proponent shall pay mitigation fees to the participating agency for deposit into the Western Joshua Tree Mitigation Fund as follows:

1. For single-family residential projects undertaken on undeveloped parcels and public works projects to erect or construct a new public structure, building, road, or improvement, the project proponent shall pay mitigation fees.

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

A-14

2. For accessory structure projects undertaken on developed parcels and for public works projects to alter, maintain, or repair an existing public structure, building, road, or improvement, the project proponent shall pay mitigation fees.

I. All projects not identified above will be required to obtain an Incidental Take Permit (2081) from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. (Ord. 1556 § 1, 2020; Ord. 952 § 2, 1992)

14.04.050 Desert vegetation preservation plan requirements.

All development proposal applications for sites containing native desert vegetation shall include a desert vegetation preservation plan, submitted with the development application, containing the following:

A. A written report and a site plan which depicts the location of each Joshua tree and California juniper, discusses their age and health, identifies and locates all trees and shrubs which can be saved in place or relocated. The report shall be prepared by a desert native plant specialist.

B. A site landscaping plan showing the proposed location of those Joshua trees or California junipers, and any other native desert vegetation that will remain on-site.

C. A long-term maintenance program for any desert vegetation preserved on the site. The minimum term of any maintenance program shall be two growing seasons, unless a shorter length of time is determined by the City’s Landscape Architect, or in lieu thereof, the Director of Public Works’ designee in cases where the trees retained on the site are of such health and vigor after one growing season that their survival is assured.

D. Such other and further information as the Director of Planning may deem necessary to fulfill the purposes and intent of this chapter in a particular case. (Ord. 952 § 2, 1992)

14.04.060 Joshua tree relocation methodology.

A. A tree spade shall be used to prepare the transplant site and excavate the Joshua tree and root system. Soil profile can influence Joshua tree root mass and should be taken into consideration when selecting tree spade size. General tree spade sizing guidelines as follows:

1. Forty-two-inch spade for western Joshua trees under one meter in height.

2. Fifty-four-inch spade for western Joshua trees one to two meters in height.

3. Ninety-inch spade for western Joshua trees two to four and one-half +/- meters in height.

B. Joshua trees to be transplanted shall be prepared by creating earthen berms around the perimeter of the tree for pre-soaking operations.

C. The northern face of each tree shall be marked at the base with spray paint to aid in proper orientation during transplanting. The trees shall be orientated at the receiving site in the same direction as the original location.

D. Only trees less than or equal to 15 feet in height, and in good condition are recommended for transplanting. Each western Joshua tree that is transplanted shall have tree inventory data collected according to the tree inventory technical specifications.

E. A water regimen shall be conducted to insure survivability. All trees shall receive a pre-soaking approximately one week prior to transplanting. Each tree shall have an earthen berm built around the perimeter, large enough to accommodate 20 gallons of water to ensure the root ball will hold together and to minimize transplant shock.

F. Each tree shall be placed in the receiving hole in the appropriate geographic orientation and backfilled with native or mineral amended soil. The original soil line on the trunk should be slightly higher than adjacent grade to allow the transplanted tree to settle to the appropriate Regulatory Framework

Biological Resources Assessment A-15
grade. The hole shall be filled with water and the tree will be slightly agitated to dislodge any air bubbles that could create root rot.

G. Earthen berms shall be created around each tree after transplant to ensure western Joshua trees can receive up to five gallons of water per watering event. Each western Joshua tree will be hand watered (top to bottom) every two weeks for up to six weeks following transplanting.

All trees shall be watered for one year: The trees should be watered three times in the spring, one time in the summer, and one time in the fall with three gallons of water per watering event.

The proponent must notify the Landscape Superintendent, City Arborist or appointed designee in advance of each watering event to ensure compliance with the watering regimen maintenance period.

H. A daily pre-transplant operation safety briefing shall be conducted to ensure all applicable safety regulatory requirements have been met. All personnel working in and around equipment shall wear hard hats, reflective safety vests and protective eye wear.

I. Protection of Public and Private Property. The proponent shall be responsible for the protection of all public and private property and improvements within and adjacent to all work areas including but not limited to: plant material, lawns, sprinkler systems, drains, fencing, block walls, brick or masonry work, sidewalks, street paving, street lights, traffic signals, utility pedestals and all other public or private improvements.

J. Restitution for Public or Private Property Damage. Any improvements removed or damaged, other than those scheduled for removal shall be replaced in kind at the proponent’s expense to the absolute satisfaction of the Grounds and Green Spaces Superintendent and/or private property owner. Replacement shall take place no later than five working days from the date of damage, unless otherwise authorized by the Grounds and Green Spaces Superintendent.

K. Underground Service Alert. The proponent shall be responsible for contacting Underground Service Alert, securing a dig-alert ticket, and allowing the time required by law for members to respond and mark their underground infrastructure prior to conducting any western Joshua tree transplanting operations. The proponent shall analyze and respect all utility markings and transplant western Joshua trees with care to avoid contact with any underground infrastructure within the transplant zone. (Ord. 1556 § 1, 2020)

14.04.070 Desert vegetation preservation criteria.

All development proposals for land which contains desert vegetation shall be subject to the following provisions regarding the preservation of native desert vegetation both on- and off-site:

A. The minimum standard of preservation shall be:

1. Two California junipers per gross acre, averaged for the gross site area covered by the development application; or

2. Where soil conditions or conditions of the California juniper prohibit the preservation of two trees per acre, or where the total number of healthy trees per gross acre is not equal to two per acre, the minimum standard of preservation will be determined by a desert native plant specialist and confirmed by the City’s Landscape Architect, or in lieu thereof, the Director of Public Works’ designee, in accordance with the following criteria:
a. Soil characteristics of a proposed area for relocation of vegetation, b. Health of the native desert vegetation, including damage to trunk or root system, c. Size of the Joshua tree and the location to where the tree will be transplanted, d. A suitable top-root ratio;
Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

A-16

3. Where possible, a minimum of two California juniper trees per gross acre shall be retained undisturbed on site. California junipers are valuable components of the native desert vegetation and it is desirable to retain specimens whenever possible. However, California junipers do not transplant well, are large plants which are difficult to incorporate into landscaping and are not readily available as nursery stock;

4. To enhance the likelihood of survival, native desert vegetation that cannot be fenced and left undisturbed will not be left in place while grading. The options for preserving trees on site after grading are the following:
a. Move the vegetation slated to remain on site to a holding area. After grading has been completed, move vegetation once again to a permanent location. b. Grade in Phases. Ready the area to receive vegetation first, then transplant and complete grading.

B. The quantity of California junipers calculated under the minimum standard of preservation as determined above shall be preserved by any combination of the following means:

1. The development proposal shall be prepared in a manner which retains on site those plants that can be incorporated into the design of the development. Development proposals should use native desert vegetation to landscape on-site detention basins, entry statement areas, and other open space sites whenever possible, where xeric landscaping is appropriate;
a. California junipers retained on site shall be credited toward the two trees per gross acre or other minimum standard of preservation,
b. Other methods of preservation as shown in subsection (B)(2) shall not apply to California junipers;

2. Only after all other options are exhausted, proponents may pay an in-lieu fee to the City to fulfill their obligation of preservation of native desert vegetation. The fee will be used to provide partial funding for the maintenance and coordination of the native desert vegetation banks and preserves. The in-lieu fee will be accepted only when preservation of Joshua and/or juniper trees is not possible due to site constraints that preclude the feasible preservation of desert vegetation, and no alternative preservation options remain. When a proponent must pay an in-lieu fee, the fee shall be calculated on the minimum standard of two trees per acre, less any trees preserved by other means. The in-lieu fee amount shall be determined by resolution of the City Council;
a. Where California junipers are retained on site, they shall be credited toward the minimum standard or two trees per acre. However, where they cannot be retained undisturbed on site, no in-lieu fee is required;

3. Any native desert vegetation in excess of the minimum standard for preservation may be removed after the public has had the opportunity to transplant native desert vegetation per subsection (B)(2)(a) of this section, and after the native desert vegetation preservation plan and native desert vegetation removal permit has been approved by the City, or, if applicable, after the payment of the in-lieu fee. (Ord. 1556 § 1, 2020; Ord. 952 § 2, 1992.

Formerly 14.04.060)

Appendix B
Special Status Species Evaluation Tables

Special Status Species Evaluation Tables

Biological Resources Assessment B-1
Special Status Plant and Wildlife Species in the Regional Vicinity of the Project Site Scientific Name
Common Name Status Habitat Requirements
Potential to Occur
in Project Area
Habitat Suitability/
Observations
Plants and Lichens
Arctostaphylos
glandulosa ssp.
gabrielensis
San Gabriel
manzanita
None/None
G5T3/S3
1B.2
Perennial evergreen shrub.

Chaparral. Rocky outcrops; can
be dominant shrub where it
occurs. Elevations: 1950
-4920ft.
(595-1500m.) Blooms Mar.

No Potential No suitable chaparral
habitat occurs on the
project site.

Astragalus hornii
var. hornii
Horn’s milk-vetch
None/None
GUT1/S1
1B.1
Annual herb. Meadows and
seeps, playas. Alkaline, lake
margins. Elevations: 195-2790ft.
(60-850m.) Blooms May-Oct.

No Potential No suitable wetland
habitats occur on the
project site.

Astragalus preussii
var. laxiflorus
Lancaster milk-
vetch
None/None
G4T2/S1
1B.1
Perennial herb. Chenopod scrub.

Alkaline clay flats or gravelly or
sandy washes and along draws in
gullied badlands in California.

Elevations: 2295
-2295ft. (700-
700m.) Blooms Mar-May.

No Potential No suitable chenopod
scrub or alkali soils
occur on the project
site.

Calochortus
palmeri var.
palmeri
Palmer’s
mariposa-lily
None/None
G3T2/S2
1B.2
Perennial bulbiferous herb.

Chaparral, lower montane
coniferous forest, meadows and
seeps. Mesic. Elevations: 2330-
7840ft. (710-2390m.) Blooms
Apr-Jul.

No Potential No chaparral or other
suitable habitat types
occur on the project
site.

Calochortus
striatus
alkali mariposa-lily
None/None
G3?/S2S3
1B.2
Perennial bulbiferous herb.

Chaparral, chenopod scrub,
meadows and seeps, mojavean
desert scrub. Alkaline, mesic.

Elevations: 230-5235ft. (70-
1595m.) Blooms Apr-Jun.

No Potential The project site does
contain mojavean
desert scrub; however,
suitable alkaline or
mesic soils do not occur
on the project site.

Castilleja gleasoni
Mt. Gleason
paintbrush

None/SCR
G2/S2
1B.2
Perennial herb (hemiparasitic).

Chaparral, lower montane
coniferous forest, pinyon and
juniper woodla
nd. Granitic.

Elevations: 3805-7120ft. (1160-
2170m.) Blooms May-Jun(Sep).

No Potential No chaparral or other
suitable habitat types
occur on the project
site.

Chorizanthe parryi
var. parryi
Parry’s
spineflower
None/None
G3T2/S2
1B.1
Annual herb. Chaparral,
cismontane woodland, coastal
scrub, valley and foothill
grassland. Openings, Rocky
(sometimes), sandy (sometimes).

Elevations: 900-4005ft. (275-
1220m.) Blooms Apr-Jun.

No Potential No chaparral or other
suitable habitat types
occur on the project
site.

Claytonia peirsonii
ssp. peirsonii
Peirson’s spring
beauty
None/None
G2G3T2/S2
1B.2
Perennial herb. Subalpine
coniferous forest, upper montane
coniferous forest. Granitic,
metamorphic, scree, talus.

Elevations: 4955-9005ft. (1510-
2745m.) Blooms (Mar)May-Jun.

No Potential No suitable forest
habitat occurs on the
project site.

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

B-2
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Habitat Requirements
Potential to Occur
in Project Area
Habitat Suitability/
Observations
Eriastrum
rosamondense
Rosamond
eriastrum
None/None
G1?/S1?
1B.1
Annual herb. Chenopod scrub,
vernal pools. Alkali pool beds
separated by very low hummocks
with open chenopod scrub. Often
sandy soil. Elevations: 2295-
3855ft. (700-1175m.) Blooms
Apr-May (Jun-Jul).

No Potential No suitable chenopod
scrub or alkali soils
occur on the project
site.

Lilium parryi
lemon lily
None/None
G3/S3

1B.2
Perennial bulbiferous herb.

Lower m
ontane coniferous
forest, meadows and seeps,
riparian forest, upper montane
coniferous forest. Wet,
mountainous terrain; generally in
forested areas; on shady edges of
streams, in open boggy meadows
and seeps. Elevations: 4005
-
9005ft. (1220-2745m.) Blooms
Jul-Aug.

No Potential Wet, mountainous
terrain does not occur
on the project site.

Linanthus
concinnus
San Gabriel
linanthus
None/None
G2/S2
1B.2
Annual herb. Chaparral, lower
montane coniferous forest, upper
montane coniferous forest. Dry
rocky slopes, often in Jeffrey
pine/canyon oak forest.

Elevations: 4985
-9185ft. (1520-
2800m.) Blooms Apr-Jul.

No Potential No suitable forest
habitat occurs on the
project site.

Loeflingia
squarrosa
var.
artemisiarum
sagebrush
loeflingia
None/None
G5T3/S2
2B.2
Annual herb. Desert dunes, great
basin scrub, sonoran desert
scrub. Sandy flats and dunes.

Sandy areas around clay slicks
w/Sarcobatus, Atriplex,
Tetradymia, etc. Elevations:
2295-5300ft. (700-1615m.)
Blooms Apr-May.

No Potential No suitable dune
habitat or clay slicks
occur on the project
site.

Lupinus peirsonii
Peirson’s lupine
None/None
G3/S3
1B.3
Perennial herb. Joshua tree
woodland, lower montane
coniferous forest, pinyon and
juniper woodland, upper
montane coniferous forest.

Decomposed granite slide and
talus, on slopes and ridges.

Elevations: 3280-8205ft. (1000-
2500m.) Blooms Apr-Jun.

No Potential While Joshua tree
woodland is present, no
suitable soils or slopes
occur on the project
site. The project site is
out of the elevation
range for this species.

Nemacladus
secundiflorus var.
robbinsii
Robbins’
nemacladus
None/None
G3T2/S2
1B.2
Annual herb. Chaparral, valley
and foothill grassland. Dry, sandy
or gravelly slopes. Openings.

Elevations: 1150
-5580ft. (350-
1700m.) Blooms Apr-Jun.

No Potential No chaparral or other
suitable habitat types
occur on the project
site.

Special Status Species Evaluation Tables

Biological Resources Assessment B-3
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Habitat Requirements
Potential to Occur
in Project Area
Habitat Suitability/
Observations
Opuntia basilaris
var. brachyclada
short-joint
beavertail
None/None
G5T3/S3
1B.2
Perennial stem. Chaparral, joshua
tree woodland, mojavean desert
scrub, pinyon and juniper
woodland. Sandy soil or coarse,
granitic loam. Elevations: 1395-
5905ft. (425-1800m.) Blooms
Apr-Jun(Aug).

Low Potential The project site
contains suitable Joshua
tree woodland;
however, the closest
occurrence of this
species was
approximately 4 miles
away in 1989.

Oreonana vestita
woolly mountain-
parsley
None/None
G3/S3
1B.3
Perennial herb. Lower montane
coniferous forest, subalpine
coniferous forest, upper montane
coniferous forest. High ridges; on
scree, talus, or gravel. Elevations:
5300-11485ft. (1615-3500m.)
Blooms Mar-Sep.

No Potential No suitable forest
habitat occurs on the
project site.

Stylocline masonii
Mason’s neststraw
None/None
G1/S1
1B.1
Annual herb. Chenopod scrub,
pinyon and juniper woodland.

Sandy washes. Elevations: 330-
3935ft. (100-1200m.) Blooms
Mar-May.

No Potential No suitable chenopod
scrub or pinyon and
juniper woodland
occurs on the project
site.

Symphyotrichum
greatae
Greata’s aster
None/None
G2/S2
1B.3
Perennial rhizomatous herb.

Broadleafed upland forest,
chaparral, cismontane woodland,
lower montane coniferous forest,
riparian woodland. Mesic
ca
nyons. Elevations: 985-6595ft.
(300-2010m.) Blooms Jun-Oct.

No Potential No suitable chaparral or
forest habitat occurs on
the project site.

Thysanocarpus
rigidus
rigid fringepod
None/None
G1G2/S2
1B.2
Annual herb. Pinyon and juniper
woodland. Dry, rocky slopes and
ridges of oak and pine woodland
in arid mountain ranges.

Elevations: 1970-7220ft. (600-
2200m.) Blooms Feb-May.

No Potential No suitable woodland
habitat occurs on the
project site.

Invertebrates
Euphydryas editha
quino
quino checkerspot
butterfly
FE/None
G5T1T2/S1
S2
Sunny openings within chaparral
and coastal sage shrublands in
parts of Riverside and San Diego
counties. Hills and mesas near
the coast. Need high densities of
food plants Plantago erecta, P.
insularis, and Ortho
carpus
purpurescens.

No Potential The project site is
outside of the known
range of this species.

Fish
Catostomus
santaanae
Santa Ana sucker
FT/None
G1/S1
Endemic to Los Angeles Basin
south coastal streams. Habitat
generalists, but prefer sand-
rubble-boulder bottoms, cool,
clear water, and algae.

No Potential No suitable stream
habitat occurs on the
project site.

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

B-4
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Habitat Requirements
Potential to Occur
in Project Area
Habitat Suitability/
Observations
Gasterosteus
aculeatus
williamsoni
unarmored
threespine
stickleback
FE/SE
G5T1/S1
FP
Weedy pools, backwaters, and
among emergent vegetation at
the stream edge in small
Southern California streams. Cool
(<24 C), clear water with
abundant vegetation.

No Potential No suitable stream
habitat occurs on the
project site.

Amphibians
Anaxyrus
californicus

arroyo toad
FE/None
G2G3/S2S3
SSC

Semi-arid regions near washes or
intermittent streams, including
valley
-foothill and desert riparian,
desert wash, etc. Rivers with
sandy banks, willows,
cottonwoods, and sycamores;
loose, gravelly areas of streams in
drier parts of range.

No Potential No suitable washes or
streams occur on the
project site.

Rana draytonii
California red-
legged frog
FT/None
G2G3/S2S3
SSC

Lowlands and foothills in or near
permanent sources of deep water
with dense, shrubby or emergent
riparian vegetation. R
equires 11-
20 weeks of permanent water for
larval development. Must have
access to estivation habitat.

No Potential No suitable deep-water
habitat occurs on or
near the project site.

Rana muscosa
southern
mountain yellow
-
legged frog
FE/SE
G1/S1

WL
Disjunct populations known from
southern Sierras (northern DPS)
and San Gabriel, San Bernardino,
and San Jacinto Mtns (southern
DPS). Found at 1,000 to 12,000 ft
in lakes and creeks that stem
from springs and snowmelt. May
overwinter under frozen lakes.

Often encountered within a few
feet of water. Tadpoles may
require 2
- 4 yrs to complete their
aquatic development.

No Potential No suitable lakes or
creeks occur on or near
the project site.

Reptiles
Anniella pulchra
Northern
California legless
lizard
None/None
G3/S3

SSC
Sandy or loose loamy soils under
sparse vegetation. Soil moisture
is essential. They prefer soils with
a high moisture content.

No Potential No suitable sandy soils
with high moisture
content occur on the
project site.

Anniella spp.

California legless
lizard
None/None
G3G4/S3S4
SSC

Contra Costa County south to San
Diego, within a variety of open
habitats.This element represents
California records of Anniella not
yet assigned to new species
within the Anniella pulchra
complex. Variety of habitats;
generally in moist, loose soil.

They prefer soils with a high
moisture content.

No Potential No suitable sandy soils
with high moisture
content occur
on the
project site.

Special Status Species Evaluation Tables

Biological Resources Assessment B-5
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Habitat Requirements
Potential to Occur
in Project Area
Habitat Suitability/
Observations
Arizona elegans
occidentalis
California glossy
snake
None/None
G5T2/S2
SSC
Patchily distributed from the
eastern portion of San Francisco
Bay, southern San Joaquin Valley,
and the Coast, Transverse, and
Peninsular ranges, south to Baja
California. Generalist reported
from a range of scrub and
grassland habitats, often with
loose or sandy soils.

Moderate
Potential
The project site
contains suitable desert
scrub habitat with
sandy soils; however, it
is frequently disturbed.

Emys marmorata
western pond
turtle
None/None
G3G4/S3
SSC
A thoroughly aquatic turtle of
ponds, marshes, rivers, streams
and irrigation ditches, usually
with aquatic vegetation, below
6000 ft elevation. Needs basking
sites and suitable (sandy banks or
grassy open fields) upland habitat
up to 0.5 km from water for egg-
laying.

No Potential No suitable ponds or
other wetland habitat
occur on the project
site.

Gopherus agassizii
desert tortoise
FT/ST
G3/S2S3
Most common in desert scrub,
desert wash, and Joshua tree
habitats; occurs in almost every
desert habitat. Require friable
soil for burrow and nest
construction. Creosote bush
habitat with large annual
wildflower blooms preferred.

No Potential The project site
contains suitable desert
scrub habitat; however,
the site is disturbed by
trash dumping and OHV
use. N
o tortoises have
been seen in the vicinity
in the last 30 years.

Phrynosoma
blainvillii
coast horned lizard
None/None
G3G4/S3S4
SSC
Frequents a wide variety of
habitats, most common in
lowlands along sandy washes
with scattered low bushes. Open
areas for sunning, bushes for
cover, patches of loose soil for
burial, and abundant supply of
ants and other insects.

Moderate
Potential
The project site
provides suitable sandy
soils with open scrub
habitat; however,
occurrences of this
species in the area are
from more than 10
years ago.

Thamnophis
hammondii
two-striped
gartersnake
None/None
G4/S3S4
SSC
Coastal California from vicinity of
Salinas to northwest Baja
California. From sea to about
7,000 ft elevation. Highly aquatic,
found in or near permanent fresh
water. Often along streams with
rocky beds and riparian growth.

No Potential No suitable freshwater
habitats occur on the
project site.

Birds
Accipiter cooperii
Cooper’s hawk
None/None
G5/S4
WL
Woodland, chiefly of open,
interrupted or marginal type.

Nest sites mainly in riparian
growths of deciduous trees, as in
canyon bottoms on river flood
-
plains; also, live oaks.

No Potential No suitable riparian
habitat or nesting trees
occur on the project
site.

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

B-6
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Habitat Requirements
Potential to Occur
in Project Area
Habitat Suitability/
Observations
Agelaius tricolor
tricolored
blackbird

None/ST
G1G2/S1S2
SSC

Highly colonial species, most
numerous in Central Valley and
vicinity. Largely endemic to
California. Requires open water,
protected nesting substrate, and
foraging area with insect prey
within a few km of the colony.

No Potential No suitable open water
occurs on the project
site.

Aimophila ruficeps
canescens

southern California
rufous
-crowned
sparrow
None/None
G5T3/S3

WL
Resident in Southern California
coastal sage scrub and sparse
mixed chaparral. Frequents
relatively steep, often rocky
hillsides with grass and forb
patches.

No Potential No suitable chaparral or
coastal sage scr
ub
occurs on the project
site.

Aquila chrysaetos
golden eagle
None/None
G5/S3

FP
WL
Rolling foothills, mountain areas,
sage
-juniper flats, and desert.

Cliff-walled canyons provide
nesting habitat in most parts of
range; also, large trees in open
areas.

Low Potential The project site
provides suitable
foraging habitat;
however, it does not
contain suitable cliffs
for nesting.

Artemisiospiza
belli belli
Bell’s sage sparrow
None/None
G5T2T3/S3
WL

Nests in chaparral dominated by
fairly dense stands of chamise.

Found in coastal sage scrub in
south of range. Nest located on
the ground beneath a shrub or in
a shrub 6
-18 inches above
ground. Territories about 50 yds
apart.

No Potential No suitable chaparral or
coastal sage scrub
occurs on the project
site.

Athene cunicularia
burrowing owl
None/None
G4/S3
SSC
Open, dry annual or perennial
grasslands, deserts, and
scrublands characterized by low-
growing vegetation.

Subterranean nester, dependent
upon burrowing mammals, most
notably, the California ground
squir
rel.

Moderate
potential
The project site
contains suitable desert
scrub habitat with
California ground
squirrel burrows;
however, it is frequently
disturbed. This species
was documented
approximately

1.5 miles
from the project site in
2006.

Buteo regalis
ferruginous hawk
None/None
G4/S3S4

WL
Open grasslands, sagebrush flats,
desert scrub, low foothills and
fringes of pinyon and juniper
habitats. Eats mostly lagomorphs,
ground squirrels, and mice.

Population trends may follow
lagomorph population cycles.

Low Potential The project site
provides suitable
foraging habitat;
however, it does not
contain suitable trees
for nesting.

Special Status Species Evaluation Tables

Biological Resources Assessment B-7
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Habitat Requirements
Potential to Occur
in Project Area
Habitat Suitability/
Observations
Buteo swainsoni
Swainson’s hawk
None/ST
G5/S3
Breeds in grasslands with
scattered trees, juniper-sage
flats, riparian areas, savannahs,
and agricultural or ranch lands
with groves or lines of trees.

Requires adjacent suitable
foraging areas such as grasslands,
or alfalfa or grain fields
supporting rodent populations.

No Potential No suitable grasslands
or agricultural areas
occur on the project site
and the project site
does not contain
suitable trees for
nesting.

Charadrius
montanus
mountain plover
None/None
G3/S2S3
SSC
Short grasslands, freshly plowed
fields, newly sprouting grain
fields, and sometimes sod farms.

Short vegetation, bare ground,
and flat topography. Prefers
grazed areas and areas with
burrowing rodents.

No Potential No suitable grassland
habitats occur on the
project site.

Falco columbarius
merlin
None/None
G5/S3S4
WL
Seacoast, tidal estuaries, open
woodlands, savannahs, edges of
grasslands and deserts, farms and
ranches. Clumps of trees or
windbreaks are required for
roosting in open country.

No Potential No suitable habitats
occur on the project site
and the project site
does not contain
suitable trees for
nesting.

Falco mexicanus
prairie falcon
None/None
G5/S4
WL
Inhabits dry, open terrain, either
level or hilly. Breeding sites
located
on cliffs. Forages far
afield, even to marshlands and
ocean shores.

Low Potential The project site
provides a suitable
foraging habitat for this
species; however, it
does not provide
suitable nesting habitat.

Lanius
ludovicianus
loggerhead shrike
None/None
G4/S4
SSC
Broken woodlands, savannah,
pinyon-juniper, Joshua tree, and
riparian woodlands, desert oases,
scrub and washes. Prefers open
country for hunting, with perches
for scanning, and fairly dense
shrubs and brush for nesting.

High Potential The project site, as well
as the parcel to the
north, provide suitable
Joshua tree woodland
for this species.

Toxostoma
lecontei
Le Conte’s
thrasher
None/None
G4/S3
SSC
Desert resident; primarily of open
desert wash, desert scrub, alkali
desert scrub, and
desert
succulent scrub habitats.

Commonly nests in a dense, spiny
shrub or densely branched cactus
in desert wash habitat, usually 2-
8 feet above ground.

High Potential Suitable desert habitat
occurs on the project
site.

Vireo bellii pusillus
least Bell’s vireo
FE/SE
G5T2/S2
Summer resident of Southern
California in low riparian in
vicinity of water or in dry river
bottoms; below 2000 ft. Nests
placed along margins of bushes
or on twigs projecting into
pathways, usually willow,
Baccharis, mesquite.

No Potential No suitable riparian
habitat occurs on the
project site.

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

B-8
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Habitat Requirements
Potential to Occur
in Project Area
Habitat Suitability/
Observations
Mammals
Antrozous pallidus
pallid bat
None/None
G4/S3

SSC
Found in a variety of habitats
including deserts, grasslands,
shrublands, woodlands, and
forests. Most common in open,
dry habitats with rocky areas for
roosting. Roosts in crevices of
rock outcrops, caves, mine
tunnels, buildings, bridges, and
hollows of live and dead trees
which must protect bats from
high temperatures. Very sensitive
to disturbance of roosting sites.

Low Potential Suitable desert habitat
does occur on the
project site. Joshua
trees on site would
provide suitable
roosting habitat;
however, the site is
frequently disturbed.

Chaetodipus fallax
pallidus
pallid San Diego
pocket mouse
None/None
G5T3T4/S3
S4
SSC
Occurs in desert and arid coastal
border areas in eastern San
Diego, Riverside, and San
Bernardino Counties. Habitats
include desert wash, desert
scrub, desert succulent scrub,
and pinyon
-juniper. Prefers sandy
soils, usually with rocks or coarse
gravel.

No Potential The project site is
outside of the known
range of this species.

Corynorhinus
townsendii

Townsend’s big-
eared bat
None/None
G4/S2

SSC
Occurs throughout California in a
wide variety of habitats. Most
common in mesic sites, typically
coniferous or deciduous forests.

Roosts in the open, hanging from
walls & ceilings in caves,
lava tubes, bridges, and buildings.

This species is extremely sensitive
to human disturbance.

No Potential No suitable forests or
roosting
substrates
occur on the project
site.

Xerospermophilus
mohavensis
Mohave ground
squirrel
None/ST
G2G3/S2S3
Open desert scrub, alkali scrub
and Joshua tree woodland. Also
feeds in annual grasslands.

Restricted to Mojave Desert.

Prefers sandy to gravelly soils,
avoids rocky areas. Uses burrows
at base of shrubs for cover. Nests
are in burrows.

No Potential Trapping was conducted
in 2022 and no Mohave
ground squirrels were
detected. All records of
this species within the
area are more than 20
years old.

Sensitive Natural Communities
Mojave Riparian
Forest
None/None
G1/S1.1
Not present
Southern
California
Threespine
Stickleback Stream
None/None

GNR/SNR
Not present
Southern
Cottonwood
Willow Riparian
Forest
None/None
G3/S3.2
Not present
Southern Riparian
Scrub
None/None
G3/S3.2
Not present
Special Status Species Evaluation Tables

Biological Resources Assessment B-9
Scientific Name
Common Name Status Habitat Requirements
Potential to Occur
in Project Area
Habitat Suitability/
Observations
Southern
Sycamore Alder
Riparian
Woodland
None/None
G4/S4
Not present
Regional Vicinity refers to within a 9-quad search of site.

Status (Federal/State)
FE = Federal Endangered
FT = Federal Threatened
FPE = Federal Propos ed Endangered
FPT = Federal Proposed Threatened
FD = Federal Delisted
FC = Federal Candidate
SE = State Endangered
ST = State Threatened
SCE = State Candidate Endangered
SCT = State Candidate Threatened
SR = State Rare
SD = State Delisted
SSC = CDFW Species of Special Concern
FP = CDFW Fully Protected
WL = CDFW Watch List
CRPR (CNPS California Rare Plant Rank)
1A = Presumed extirpated in California, and rare or extinct elsewhere 1B = Rare, Threatened, or Endangered in California and elsewhere 2A = Presumed extirpat ed in California, but common elsewhere 2B= Rare, Threatened, or E ndangered in California, but more common elsewhere 3 = Need more information (Review List)
4 = Limited Distribution (Watch List)
CRPR Threat Code Extension
.1 = Seriously endangered in California (>80% of occurrences threatened/high degree and immediacy of threat)
.2 = Moderately threatened in California (20- 80% of occurrences threatened/moderate degree and immediacy of threat)
.3 = Not very endangered in California (<20% of occurrences threatened/low degree and immediacy of threat)
Other Statuses
G1 or S1 Critically Imperiled Globally or Subnationally (state) G2 or S2 Imperiled Globally or Subnationally (state)
G3 or S3 Vulnerable to extirpation or extinction Globally or Subnationally (state) G4/5 or S4/5 Apparently secure, common and abundant
GH or SH Possibly Extirpated – missing; known from only historical occurrences but still some hope of rediscovery Additional notations may be provided as follows
T – Intraspecific Taxon (subspecies, varieties, and other designations below the level of species) Q – Questionable taxonomy that may reduce conservation priority ? – Inexact numeric rank
Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

B-10

This page intentionally left blank.

Appendix C
Site Photographs
Site Photographs

Biological Resources Assessment C-1

Photograph 1. Southwest corner of project site, facing northeast. September 21, 2022.

Photograph 2. Southeast corner of project site, facing northwest. September 21, 2022.

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

C-2

Photograph 3. Northeast corner of project site, facing southwest. September 21, 2022.

Photograph 4. Northwest corner of project site, facing southeast. September 21, 2022.

Site Photographs

Biological Resources Assessment C-3

Photograph 5. Example of trash dumps throughout the project site. September 21, 2022.

Photograph 6. Example of vehicle tracks present throughout the project site. September 21, 2022.

Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

C-4

This page intentionally left blank.

Appendix D
Western Joshua Tree Survey Data

Western Joshua Tree Survey Data

Biological Resources Assessment D-1
Object
ID*
Height
(meters) Type Age Class
Number of
Branches Phenophase Notes
1 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 0 veg 1 basal sprout.
2 < 1 Clonal young 0 veg part of close spaced stand
3 < 1 Clonal young 0 veg <Null>
4 1 - 5 Clonal mature 1 veg <Null>
5 1 - 5 Clonal mature 2 veg <Null>
6 1 - 5 Clonal mature 1 veg tree is center of clonal group with 4 basal sprouts. in poor shape with two
dead branches and one short live
branch
7 1 - 5 Clonal mature 0 veg <Null>
8 < 1 Clonal young 0 <Null> <Null>
9 1 - 5 Clonal mature 0 <Null> <Null>
10 1 - 5 Clonal mature 3 veg <Null>
11 1 - 5 Clonal mature 2 veg <Null>
12 1 - 5 Clonal mature 2 <Null> <Null>
13 1 - 5 Clonal mature 2 veg <Null>
14 < 1 Clonal young 0 veg <Null>
15 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 5 veg <Null>
16 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 9 <Null> <Null>
17 > 5 Single Tree mature 20 veg two trunks each with dbh approximately 15 inches
18 1 - 5 Single Tree juvenile 5 veg 3 basal sprouts included I. branch count 19 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 4 veg <Null>
20 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 3 veg <Null>
21 1 - 5 Clonal mature 12 veg 4 trunks
22 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 2 <Null> <Null>
23 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 6 <Null> <Null>
24 1 - 5 Clonal mature 0 veg <Null>
25 < 1 Clonal young 0 veg <Null>
26 < 1 Clonal young 2 veg one basal sprout
27 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 5 veg two trunks with several small basal sprouts
28 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 7 veg two trunks arising from an older fallen tree
29 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 0 veg <Null>
30 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 2 veg three trunks.
31 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 3 veg 4 trunks.
32 1 - 5 Clonal mature 2 veg 7 basal sprouts
33 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 7 veg 3 trunks
34 1 - 5 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> dead
35 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 6 veg two trunks
Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

D-2
Object
ID*
Height
(meters) Type Age Class
Number of
Branches Phenophase Notes
36 1 - 5 Single Tree young 0 veg two trunks less than 2m 37 < 1 Clonal young <Null> <Null> 6 sprouts within 2 meter area 38 1 - 5 Clonal mature 2 veg 3 sprouts within two meter area 39 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 8 <Null> 5 live trunks 1 dead trunk 40 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 6 veg 4 trunks
41 > 5 Clonal mature 5 veg two trunks. one with dbh 15 inch another 3 inch dbh. 5 sprouts within 2
meter area
42 1 - 5 Clonal young 0 veg two trees approximately 1.5 meter and a small sprout within 2 meter area
43 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 3 veg 4 trunks
44 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 2 veg 2 live trunks 1 dead trunk. 45 1 - 5 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> dead
46 1 - 5 Single Tree young 0 veg two trunks
47 < 1 Clonal young 0 veg two small trees from fallen canopy of a mostly dead larger tree
48 1 - 5 Clonal mature 11 veg 3 trunks.
49 1 - 5 Clonal mature 2 veg 3 trunks on main tree with 5 sprouts within 2 meter area
50 1 - 5 Clonal young 0 veg one sprout within 1 meter
51 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 6 veg 3 trunks. 4 sprouts near base of tree. 52 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 3 veg 3 trunks
53 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 5 veg 3 trunks.
54 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 4 veg 6 small trunks and one large 55 1 - 5 Single Tree young 0 veg 4 trunks.
56 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 4 veg 1 large trunk and 3 smaller trunks. 57 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 2 veg <Null>
58 1 - 5 Clonal young 0 veg 6 young trees
59 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 2 veg <Null>
60 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 4 veg <Null>
61 1 - 5 Clonal young 0 veg 1 tree 1.5 meter high with 4 small sprouts within 2 meters
62 1 - 5 Single Tree young 0 veg 3 trunks.
63 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 4 veg <Null>
64 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 3 veg 1 trunk sprout
65 1 - 5 Single Tree young 0 veg 2 trunks
66 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 3 veg 3 trunks
67 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 3 <Null> <Null>
68 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 4 veg 5 trunks.
69 1 - 5 Single Tree young 2 veg two trunks.
70 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 2 veg <Null>
Western Joshua Tree Survey Data

Biological Resources Assessment D-3
Object
ID*
Height
(meters) Type Age Class
Number of
Branches Phenophase Notes
71 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 6 veg <Null>
72 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 2 veg 3 sprouts at base
73 1 - 5 Single Tree young 0 veg two trunks from base of older dead trunk.
74 1 - 5 Single Tree young 2 veg two trunks and 2 basal sprouts 75 1 - 5 Single Tree young 2 veg two trunks from base of old dead tree 76 1 - 5 Clonal mature 4 veg 3 sprouts within 1 meter
77 1 - 5 Single Tree young 0 veg two trunks 1 sprout
78 < 1 Clonal young 0 veg <Null>
79 1 - 5 Single Tree young 0 veg <Null>
80 1 - 5 Clonal young 3 veg 7 trunks.
81 1 - 5 Single Tree young 0 veg 2 trunks
82 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 4 veg 3 basal sprouts
83 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 4 veg two trunks two basal sprouts 84 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 3 veg <Null>
85 < 1 Single Tree young 0 veg <Null>
86 1 - 5 Single Tree young 0 veg <Null>
87 1 - 5 Clonal young 2 veg 3 trunks
88 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 4 veg <Null>
89 < 1 Single Tree young 0 veg 3 trunks
90 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 4 veg <Null>
91 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 3 v 2 trunks
92 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 5 v <Null>
93 1 - 5 Single Tree young 0 v 2 trunks and 2 basal sprouts 94 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 3 v <Null>
95 1 - 5 Single Tree young 0 v 2 trunks
96 1 - 5 Single Tree young 2 v from base of old dead tree 97 1 - 5 Single Tree young 2 v <Null>
98 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 4 v 2 trunks
99 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 0 v from base of larger dead tree 100 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 2 v <Null>
101 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 4 v <Null>
102 1 - 5 Single Tree young 0 v 5 trunks from base of old dead tree 103 < 1 Single Tree young 0 v <Null>
104 1 - 5 Single Tree mature 2 v 2 trunks
105 1-5 Single Tree young 0 v from base of old dead tree 106 1-5 Clonal young 2 v 4 sprouts near base
107 1-5 Single Tree young 4 v <Null>
108 1-5 Clonal young 3 v sprouts from trunk of fallen tree 109 1-5 Single Tree young 0 v two trunks with 4 basal sprouts Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

D-4
Object
ID*
Height
(meters) Type Age Class
Number of
Branches Phenophase Notes
110 1-5 Single Tree mature 0 v 3 trunks
111 1-5 Single Tree mature 2 v 1 basal sprout
112 1-5 Clonal young 2 v 7 trunks
113 1-5 Single Tree young 0 v <Null>
114 <1 Clonal young 0 v 5 sprouts from fallen tree
115 1-5 Clonal mature 3 v 2 trunks
116 1-5 Single Tree mature 4 v <Null>
117 1-5 Single Tree young 2 v <Null>
118 1-5 Clonal mature 4 v 3 trunks 1 sprout
119 1-5 Single Tree mature 3 v <Null>
120 <1 Single Tree young 0 v 3 sprouts from fallen tree 121 1-5 Single Tree young 2 v 2 trunks
122 1-5 Single Tree young 0 v 3 trunks
123 1-5 Single Tree mature 3 v <Null>
124 1-5 Single Tree mature 4 <Null> <Null>
125 1-5 Single Tree young 2 v 3 trunks
126 1-5 Single Tree mature 1 v 3 trunks
127 1-5 Single Tree mature 3 v 2 trunks and 6 sprouts nearby 128 1-5 Single Tree young 0 v 2 trunks
129 1-5 Clonal mature 3 v 3 trunks and 3 small sprouts
130 1-5 Single Tree young 3 v sprout within 1 meter
131 1-5 Single Tree mature 4 v 3 trunks
132 1-5 Single Tree mature 2 v 4 trunks 2 sprouts
133 1-5 Single Tree mature 5 v <Null>
134 1-5 Clonal young 2 v 12 trunks >1m 4 sprouts
135 1-5 Single Tree young 2 v 2 trunks
136 1-5 Single Tree mature 4 v two branches leaning over on ground 137 1-5 Single Tree mature 5 v 5 trunks
138 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> dead
139 1-5 Single Tree mature 4 v 2 trunks
140 1-5 Single Tree mature 3 v <Null>
141 1-5 Single Tree mature 3 v <Null>
142 1-5 Single Tree young 1 v <Null>
143 1-5 Clonal young 2 v 3 trunks and 4 sprouts <1m
144 1-5 Single Tree young 0 v 2 trunks
145 1-5 Single Tree young 0 v <Null>
146 1-5 Single Tree young 0 v <Null>
147 1-5 Single Tree mature 3 v <Null>
148 1-5 Single Tree young 1 v <Null>
149 1-5 Single Tree mature 4 v 4 trunks
Western Joshua Tree Survey Data

Biological Resources Assessment D-5
Object
ID*
Height
(meters) Type Age Class
Number of
Branches Phenophase Notes
150 1-5 Single Tree mature 5 v <Null>
151 1-5 Clonal mature 5 v 3 trunks
152 1-5 Single Tree young 0 v 4 trunks
153 1-5 Single Tree young 2 v 4 trunks
154 1-5 Single Tree mature 3 v 4 trunks
155 1-5 Clonal young 2 v 3 sprouts nearby
156 1-5 Single Tree young 0 v <Null>
157 1-5 Single Tree mature 3 v 2 trunks 2 sprouts
159 1-5 Single Tree mature 2 v <Null>
160 1-5 Single Tree mature 8 v 3 trunks
161 1-5 Single Tree mature 8 v <Null>
162 1-5 Single Tree mature 5 v 3 trunks
163 1-5 Single Tree mature 4 v 3 trunks 1 sprout
164 1-5 Single Tree mature 3 v <Null>
165 1-5 Single Tree mature 6 v 2 trunks
166 1-5 Single Tree young 0 v 4 trunks
167 1-5 Single Tree young 0 <Null> <Null>
168 1-5 Single Tree young 0 v <Null>
169 1-5 Clonal young 0 v 6 trunks
170 1-5 Single Tree mature 5 v 2 trunks
171 1-5 Clonal young 0 v 3 trunks
172 1-5 Single Tree young 0 v <Null>
173 1-5 Single Tree mature 2 v <Null>
174 1-5 Single Tree mature 3 v <Null>
175 1-5 Clonal mature 10 v 7 trunks with one long one leaning over with canopy on ground
176 1-5 Single Tree mature 2 v <Null>
177 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> dead
178 1-5 Single Tree mature 4 v 2 trunks
179 <1 Single Tree young 0 v <Null>
180 1-5 Single Tree mature 5 v <Null>
181 <1 Single Tree young 0 v <Null>
182 1-5 Single Tree young 0 v <Null>
183 1-5 Single Tree mature 3 v <Null>
184 1-5 Single Tree mature 5 v 5 sprouts at bas3
185 1-5 Single Tree mature 4 v <Null>
186 1-5 Clonal mature 6 v 2 trees and 5 sprouts
187 <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> <Null> dead
Maison’s Palmdale Boulevard 150, LLC
Tentative Tract Map 83359

D-6

This page intentionally left blank.

Appendix E
Protocol Mohave Ground Squirrel Trapping Results
Rincon Consultants, Inc.
250 East 1st Street, Suite 1400
Los Angeles, California 90012
213 788 4842
[email protected]
www.rinconconsultants.com
Environmental Scientists Planners Engineers
July 19, 2022
Project No: 21-11645
Maison’s Palmdale BŽƵůĞǀĂƌĚ150, LLC
2007 Cedar Avenue
Manhattan Beach, California 90266
Contact: Kevin Harbison
Via email: [email protected]
Subject: Protocol Mohave Ground Squirrel Trapping Results for TTM 83359, Palmdale, Los Angeles County, California
Dear Mr. Harbison:

Rincon Consultants, Inc. (Rincon) is pleased to present the findings of a focused Mohave ground squirrel (MGS, Xerospermophilus mohavensis) live-trapping effort conducted on behalf of Maison’s Palmdale Blvd. 150, LLC for the TTM 83359 Project (project). Rincon completed three sessions of trapping to determine presence/absence of the state listed Mohave ground squirrel. Trapping for the project was completed concurrently with the TTM 73068 Project; therefore, the trapping grid spans across both project sites. The results and methods relevant to the TTM 73068 Project were submitted in a separate report and all results presented herein are relevant only to the TTM 83359 Project. Protocol surveys for MGS were required under the Streambed Alteration Agreement (EPIMS-LAN-23730-R5) Measure 2.14.

Project Location and Description
The project site is located in the eastern portion of Los Angeles County, within the city of Palmdale, California (Attachment A: Figure 1). The approximate center of the trapping grid occurred at 11S 404960m E/3826752m N (UTM coordinate system) and the corner points are as follows:
Northwest 0404801 m E/3826820 m N (labeled A1 in Attachment A: Figure 1) Northeast 0405119 m E/3826823 m N (labeled A10 in Attachment A: Figure 1) Southwest 0404801 m E/3826681 m N (labeled E1 in Attachment A: Figure 1) Southeast 0405120 m E/3826685 m N (labeled E10 in Attachment A:Figure 1) The trapping grid covered both the project and the TTM 73068 Project.

The proposed project includes the development of 171 units of new affordable single-family housing units. Development of the project will occur under approved TTM 83359. The initial study and supporting technical studies will be prepared and submitted to the City of Palmdale Planning Commission for approval prior to development.

Maison’s Palmdale BRXOHYDUG150, LLC
TTM 83359

Page 2 ends

Mohave Ground Squirrel Characteristics and Distribution The MGS is listed as threatened under the California Endangered Species Act. This species has been found in all major desert scrub habitats within the western Mojave Desert in California (Laabs 2006).

MGS have been found between Palmdale and Victorville to the south, Owens Lake to the north, eastern escarpment of the Sierra Nevada Mountain range to the west, and to the Mojave River Valley to the east (Leitner 2008).

The MGS is a medium-sized ground squirrel averaging approximately nine inches from nose to tail and displays only slight size differences between sexes (Laabs 2006). The dorsal surface is light gray or brown with a cream-colored ventral surface (Best 1995). The MGS is easily distinguishable from the white- tailed antelope squirrel (Ammospermophilus leucurus) which has a white dorsal-lateral stripe along each side. The MGS emerge from aestivation in spring, typically between mid-February and March, when they actively forage for vegetation, seeds, arthropods, and fruit. MGS tend to stay close to its burrow while foraging (Best 1995). Burrows are used for aestivation and hibernation, predator avoidance, and thermoregulation. The breeding season occurs soon after emergence, and gestation lasts approximately 30 days (Best 1995). After acquiring fat stores, the MGS typically enters aestivation in July or August.

Habitat conversion due to agricultural development, suburban and urban land development, energy development, and military base development and operations has contributed to a decline in the abundance of the MGS (Laabs 2006). In addition, the species could be impacted where development occurs near the species habitat. Domestic cat (Felis catus) and dog (Canis familiaris) could be introduced predators and the use of pesticides or rodenticides may directly affect the species (Desert Managers Mohave Ground Squirrel Work Group 2011). In addition to introduced predators, endemic avian and terrestrial predators of the MGS include the Mohave green rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus), desert kit fox (Vulpes macrotis arsipus), coyote (Canis latrans), American badger (Taxidea taxis), bobcat (Lynx rufus), prairie falcon (Falco mexicanus), golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), and red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) (Best 1995).

Methodology
The trapping surveys followed the guidelines described in the Mohave Ground Squirrel Survey Guidelines (California Department of Fish and Game [CDFG] 2010). Trapping was conducted by Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) holder Amy Leigh Trost. Three trapping sessions were conducted, the first from March 28 to April 1, 2022, the second from May 12 to May 16, 2022, and the third from June 15 to June 19, 2022. Sherman live traps measuring 3 inches wide, 3.75 inches tall, and 12 inches long were used.

Traps were placed in six-inch cardboard box shades assuring air movement around the traps. Traps were spaced approximately 35 meters apart and the five trapping grid lines were oriented on an east-west axis with 10 traps on each line (totaling 50 traps across the two projects) (Attachment A: Figure 1). Each trap was labeled with a unique identifier (ID). Traps were opened within one hour of sunrise and baited with bait containing sunflower-free birdseed, rolled oats and peanut butter powder or sweet feed as suggested by the Mohave Ground Squirrel Survey Guidelines. Traps were checked every four hours or sooner and were closed beginning one hour before sunset or when temperatures reached 90 degrees Fahrenheit (⁰F) in the shade measured one foot above ground. Weather conditions and start/stop times for each trap check were recorded. The Survey and Trapping Form found within the Mohave Ground Squirrel Guidelines (CDFG 2010) was completed.

Page 3 ends

The trap ID and species were recorded for each animal at first capture. Each animal was marked with a non-toxic marker to denote recapture. All animals were released unharmed at the trap site immediately following processing. In the event an MGS would be captured additional information was recorded including the weight, sex, age, health and reproductive status and a scat sample was taken.

Summary of Findings
The trapping grid is located within Yucca brevifolia Woodland Alliance (Joshua tree woodland). This community generally occurs in alluvial fans, ridges, gentle to moderate slopes. Canopy, shrub layer, and herbaceous layer is open to intermittent with perennial grasses and seasonal annuals. The trapping grid was dominated by Joshua tree, with occurrences of winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata), Nevada Mormon tea (Ephedra nevadensis), common fiddleneck (Amsinckia intermedia), fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), annual bursage (Ambrosia acanthicarpa), California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), angled stem buckwheat (Eriogonum angulosum), telegraph weed (Heterotheca grandiflora), Acton brittlebush (Encelia actonii), westerm tansymustard (Descurainia pinnata), creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), jimsonweed (Datura wrightii), Russian thistle (Salsola tragus), California croton (Croton californicus), chia (Salvia columbariae), Cooper’s box thorn (Lycium cooperi), Indian rice grass (Stipa hymenoides), silver cholla (Cylindropuntia echinocarpa), cotton thorn (Tetradymia comosa), and sticky snakeweed (Gutierrezia microcephala). Vegetation classification was based on the classification systems provided in A Manual of California Vegetation, Second Edition (MCV) (Sawyer et al. 2009).

The topography of the trapping grid is relatively flat. Active burrows and sign of California ground squirrel species (Otospermophilus beecheyi) and kangaroo rat (Dipodomys sp.) were observed within the grid. Disturbance in the form of off-highway vehicle tracks and trash was observed throughout the site.

Photographs are presented in Attachment B.

Dates of and conditions during each trapping session are detailed in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3. Tables 1, 2, and 3 also summarize number of trap checks per day, times traps were opened to the time traps were closed and average weather conditions. High temperatures occurred for most of the May and June sessions resulting trap closures early in the day with less than two trap checks.

Table 1 March 28 – April 1 Session - Timing and Conditions Trapping Date
Time Traps
Open
No. of Trap
Checks Traps Closed
Begin
Temp (F)
End
Temp (F)
Windspeed
(mph) Precipitation
3/28/2022 0635 3 1900 52 58 0-10 No
3/29/2022 0830 3 1858 50 60 0-10 No
3/30/2022 0810 3 1900 52 64 0-5 No
3/31/2022 0725 3 1850 50 64 0-8 No
4/1/2022 0815 3 1845 50 78 0-5 No
Maison’s Palmdale BRXOHYDUG150, LLC
TTM 83359

Page 4 ends

Table 2 May 12 – May 16 Session - Timing and Conditions Trapping Date
Time Traps
Open
No. of Trap
Checks Traps Closed
Begin
Temp (F)
End
Temp (F)
Windspeed
(mph) Precipitation
5/12/2022 0730 3 2000 50 64 0-8 No
5/13/2022 0620 2 1490 50 88 0-3 No
5/14/2022 0558 2 1207 52 90 0-2 No
5/15/2022 0554 2 1138 63 90 0-6 No
5/16/2022 0546 2 1215 64 90 0-10 No
Table 3 June 15 – June 19 Session - Timing and Conditions Trapping Date
Time Traps
Open
No. of Trap
Checks Traps Closed
Begin
Temp (F)
End
Temp (F)
Windspeed
(mph) Precipitation
6/15/2022 0535 2 1130 62 90 0-7 No
6/16/2022 0540 1 1000 69 90 0-3 No
6/17/2022 0535 2 1327 60 89 0-16 No
6/18/2022 0540 4 2000 69 54 0-18 No
6/19/2022 0545 2 1310 53 90 0-8 No
A total of 4 white-tailed antelope squirrels and 268 California ground squirrels were captured over the three trapping sessions. Both juvenile and adult life stages were captured of both species and all individuals were in good health. No MGS individuals were captured or observed within the trapping grid.

In addition, one white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) and two desert spiny lizards (Sceloporus magister) were incidentally captured and released.

Other species observed within the trapping grid moving though the site included, southern desert horned lizard (Phrynosoma platyrhinos calidiarum), Great Basin whiptail (Aspidoscelis tigris tigris), desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), common raven (Corvus corax), western bluebird (Sialia mexicana), northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos), and mourning dove (Zenaida macroura).

Conclusions
No MGS individuals were observed or captured during the protocol trapping event within the project site. A total of 4 white-tailed antelope squirrels, including recaptures, and 269 California ground squirrels were captured and released. Therefore, as outlined in the Mohave Ground Squirrel Survey Guidelines (2003), the project site harbors no MGS. The results of this survey will expire on June 19, 2023.

Maison’s Palmdale BRXOHYDUG150, LLC
TTM 83359

Page 5 ends

Thank you for the opportunity to support with this project. Please do not hesitate to call with any questions.

Sincerely,
Rincon Consultants, Inc.

Amy Leigh Trost Christopher Julian
Biologist Principal/Senior Regulatory Specialist
Attachments
Attachment A Figures
Attachment B Representative Photographs
Maison’s Palmdale BRXOHYDUG150, LLC
TTM 83359

Page 6 ends

References
Best, T. L. 1995. Spermophilus mohavensis. Mammalian Species 509:1-7.

California Department of Fish and Game. 2003 (revised 2010). Mohave ground squirrel survey guidelines.

Sacramento, California. 5 pp.

MGSWG (Desert Managers Mohave Ground Squirrel Work Group). 2011. Draft Mohave Ground Squirrel Conservation Strategy. Accessed March 2, 2011.
http://www.dmg.gov/documents/DFT_MGS_Consv_Strategy_DMG_082906.pdf Laabs, D. 2006. “Mohave ground squirrel.” West Mojave Plan Species Accounts. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. January 2006. Accessed June 2, 2014. http://www.blm.gov/ca/pdfs/cdd_pdfs/Mgs1.pdf.

Leitner, P. 2008. Current Status of the Mohave Ground Squirrel. California State University-Stanislaus, Endangered Species Recovery Program, Fresno.

Sawyer, J. O., T. Keeler-Wolf, and J.M. Evens. 2009. A Manual of California Vegetation, Second Edition (MCV2). California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, California.

Maison’s Palmdale BRXOHYDUG150, LLC
TTM 83359
Attachment 1
Figures
1-1
Figure 1 Project Trapping Location
Maison’s Palmdale BRXOHYDUG150, LLC
TTM 83359
Attachment 2
Representative Photographs
2-1
Photograph 1. Trapping grid facing southeast at trap A1.

Photograph 2. Trapping grid facing southwest at trap A10.

Maison’s Palmdale BRXOHYDUG150, LLC
TTM 83359
2-2
Photograph 3. Trapping grid facing northeast at trap E1.

Photograph 4. Trapping grid facing northwest at trap E10.

Maison’s Palmdale BRXOHYDUG150, LLC
TTM 83359
2-3
Photograph 5. Trap station setup under burrobush.

Maison’s Palmdale BRXOHYDUG150, LLC
TTM 83359

Appendix C1
Cultural Resources Study

(,$
!"!

&&
+,
!"!
!
$&#

#* &$#"
#(!
&*
'

&
## !$"%#,
$+,$) (

$+,!
$&#

#()&

*
!!$$! #
'#
!!

$""$#'$)!
*&) (

"& !!$!
$&#

%$ "#90=1B
-==5>:9 -90=5-9&85?4

#%
$ "
&9A5=:9819?-7&1=A5/1>-#1=1995-7:8;-9D

#:B-D%:-0&@5?1
#:B-D-752:=95-

$
"
$
" ! $%-A177::70593>
9/

)577-31:88:9>:@71A-=0&@5?1

-8-=577:-752:=95-

! "$$!:A18.1=

! "$$
@7?@=-7%1>:@=/1>&?@0D2:=?41''

#=:61/?#-780-71
-752:=95-#!>

'! $%'#4->1
@7?@=-7%1>:@=/1>&?@0D

&$#'18;
45>?:=5/?=->4>/-??1=

!$$#!:91

%"
&1/?5:9
':B9>45;!:=?4%-931

*1>?:2?41&-9
1=9-=059:->17591-90 1=505-9:9?41

859@?1?:;:3=-;45/<@-0=-9371

"
-/=1>3=:>>

' "#=/4-1:7:35/-7>@=A1D45>?:=5/?=->4>/-??1='18; 9:?
17535.712:=?41%%9:58;-/?>?:45>?:=5/-7=1>:@=/1>-> 0125910.D$8:95?:=593:23=-0593=1/:8819010

! !'&( %+&'%' !

!'%"('
"! E

#=:61/?1>/=5;?5:9 E

9A5=:9819?-7&1??593 E

@7?@=-7&1??593 E

E

E

%1>@7?>:2?41=/4-1:7:35/-7%1/:=0>&1-=/4 E

;;75/-.71%13@7-?5:9> E

!
" E

%&%&
! E

&(%)+ E

&@=A1D 1?4:0> E

%1>@7?> E

E

%" !'
"!& E

&'"#%#%%&!"%!
,'
"!&"!'' E

%%!&
' E

;;1905CE%1>@81>:2
1D#1=>:9917
;;1905CE&5?1%1/:=0:=8
;;1905CE=/4-1:7:35/-7%1/:=0>&1-=/4%1>@7?>
;;1905CE!&-/=10-90>571&1-=/4%1>@7?>
;;1905CE:925019?5-7 -;>

53@=1

E
191=-7:/-?5:9 -; E

53@=1

E
#=:61/?:/-?5:9 -;(&& E

53@=1

E
#=:61/?1A17:;819? -; E

53@=1

E
'=->4&/-??1=>#=1A5:@>7D
019?52510.D!:=B::0

E

53@=1

E
@7?@=-7%1>:@=/1:/-?5:9 -; E
53@=1

E
1-?@=1:/-?5:9 -;&5?1'18;
E

#7-?1

E
"A1=A51B:2?41;=:61/?2-/593>:@?41->? E

#7-?1

E
"A1=A51B:2?41;=:61/?2-/593>:@?4 E

#7-?1

E
)51B:2?418:01=9/@7A1=?-901-=?41905?/47:/-?1059?41>:@?41->? /:=91=:2?41;=:61/?2-/593>:@?41->? E

#7-?1

E
)51B:2;@>41005=?-908:01=9.@5705938-?1=5-72:@90?4=:@34:@??41 ;=:61/?2-/5939:=?4B1>? E

#7-?1

E"A1=A51B:2&5?1'18;
2-/593>:@?4B1>? E
#7-?1

E)51B:2?41/19?=-7/:9/19?=-?5:9:28-?1=5-7-?&5?1'18;? 2-/593
>:@?4B1>? E
#7-?1

E)51B:2?415>:7-?10A19?4:714:7159?:;/-92=:8&5?1'18;
E

'-.71

E
@7?@=-7%1>:@=/1>*5?459"91 571:2?41#=:61/? E

4 8+96549+ :5 ' 8+7;+9: ,853 :.+ 6850+): '662/)'4: ' );2:;8'2 8+95;8)+9 9:;*? ='9 )54*;):+* (? # 4</8543+4:'2 #+8</)+9 ' +8+44/'2 536'4? # ,58 :.+ 685659+* $+4:':/<+$8'):
'6$$

850+):25)':+*95;:.+'9:5,:.+/4:+89+):/545,'9: '23*'2+ 5;2+<'8*'4*
#:8++:/4:.+)/:?5, '23*'2+
594-+2+95;4:?'2/,584/'$.+6850+):
/4)2;*+999+9958@9 '8)+2
;3(+8

4:.+%4/:+*#:':+9+525-/)'2#;8<+?
%##
3/4;:+
9)'2+

:565-8'6./) 7;'*8'4-2+ 3'6 :.+
6850+):/99/:;':+*=/:./4#+):/54 $5=49./6

58:."'4-+&+9:5,:.+#'4+84'8*/45
'9+2/4+ '4*
+8/*/'4 9 *+9/-4+* :.+ '662/)'4: 685659+9 :59;(*/</*+ :.+ 6856+8:? ,58 :.+ *+<+2563+4:5,

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
68+</5;98+658:9/4)2;*+:.+9:;*?5,'6685>/3':+2?
')8+9)54*;):+*/49;6658:5,:.+/:?
5, '23*'2+@9'9:9/*++4+8'2 2'43+4*3+4:

58=55*/4/:/'22?45:+*
:.8++:8'9.9)'::+89=/:./4:.+);88+4:6850+):.5=+<+8:.+9)'::+89=+8+45:,583'22?8+)58*+* '4* 542? );8958? /4,583':/54 ='9 )536/2+* '9+* ;654 58=55*@9 '99+993+4: :.+9+ :8'9.
9)'::+89=+8+'995)/':+*=/:.6+8/5*(+:=++4:.+2':+ 9'4*
9$.+"9:;*?
)549/9:95,:.+8',:4</8543+4:'236'):"+658:",58:.++4+8'2 2'43+4*3+4: #')8+*
'4*9 /2+ #
9+'8). ='9 '295 8+7;+9:+* ,853 :.+
':/<+ 3+8/)'4 +8/:'-+
533/99/54
=./).='98+:;84+*=/:.4+-':/<+8+9;2:9
;8/4-:.+9;8<+?'
(?
,55:./9:58/):8'9.9)'::+8$+36='9/*+4:/,/+*=/:./4 :.+458:.+84:./8*5,:.+6850+):'8+':/945:)2+'8/,#/:+$+36)588+9654*9=/:.'4?5,:.+ :.8++ :8'9. 9)'::+89 68+</5;92? 45:+* =/:./4 :.+ 6856+8:? (? 58=55* 5=+<+8 ('9+*
;654'8+</+=5,:.+/*+4:/,/+*9;8,')+9)'::+8#/:+$+368+68+9+4:9'9/4-2++6/95*+5,:8'49/+4: 8+,;9+*/9659'2=./).5));88+*(+:=++4:.+2':+
9'4*
9'9+*;654:.+8+9;2:95,:.+
);88+4: 9:;*? #/:+ $+36 /9 45: )549/*+8+* +2/-/(2+ ,58 :.+ '2/,584/' "+-/9:+8 5, /9:58/)'2 "+95;8)+9""'9:.+9)'::+8*5+945:8+:'/4'4?'**/:/54'28+9+'8).<'2;+-/<+4:.+5(9+8<'(2+ 2')1 5, ' 9;(9;8,')+ )53654+4: '4* :.+ 2/3/:+* /4,583':/54 :.+./9:58/) '8:/,'):9 )'4 685</*+ ;8:.+8:.+/4:+-8/:?5,:.+9/:+.'9(++4/36'):+*(?8+)+4:*/9:;8('4)+9:5:.+6856+8:? 2:.5;-.$+36/945:)549/*+8+*""+2/-/(2+:.+6856+8:?9:/22.'965:+4:/'2:5?/+2*

v
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

1.0–1

&$ ('&%($#
(742D;CDA0;A4B>DA24BBCD3H?A>6A0<5>AC74((!

$A>942CF0B2>=3D2C438=>A34A
C>2><?;HF8C7%0=38CH>5$0;<30;44=E8A>=<4=C0;6D834;8=4B(74 02A46A>BB?A>942C
8B;>20C43B>DC740BC>5C748=C4AB42C8>=>50BC$0;<30;4>D;4E0A30=3 'CA44C8=C7428CH>5
$0;<30;4 >B=64;4B>D=CH0;85>A=8086DA4

L
#=C74)''<8=DC4

B20;4
$%

$
$# ')&#
C>?>6A0?782 @D03A0=6;4 <0? C74 ?A>942C 8B B8CD0C43 8= '42C8>=
(>F=B78?">AC7&0=64

+4BC>5C74'0=4A=0A38=>0B4;8=40=3!4A8380=86DA4
L

(74?A>942C8=2;D34B$"

F78278B2DAA4=C;HE020=CB34B86=43C740??;820=C ?A>?>B4BC>BD138E834C74?A>?4ACH5>AC7434E4;>?<4=C>5 B8=6;450<8;HA4B834=C80;;>CB0;>=6
F8C70BB>280C438=5A0BCAD2CDA486DA4

L
(743428B8>=C>A4@D4BC02D;CDA0;A4B>DA24BBCD3H F0B10B43D?>=C742D;CDA0;A4B>DA24B4=B8C8E8CH>5C74;>20;8CH0BBD664BC431H:=>F=B8C434=B8CH 0=3?A4382C8E4<>34;8=6'4=B8C8E8CH5>A2D;CDA0;A4B>DA24B8=068E4=0A408BDBD0;;H8=3820C431H :=>F=B4CC;4<4=C?0CC4A=BF78278=C74!>90E44B4AC0=3=C4;>?4*0;;4H0A40>5 >B=64;4B >D=CHF4A45>2DB43>=5A4B7F0C4AA4B>DA24BB40B>=0;;H0E08;01;4?;0=CA4B>DA24B0=3<86A0C>AH 50D=0;B?4284B

#*&$#"#(!((#

(74 ?A>942C 8B B8CD0C43 8= =C4;>?4 *0;;4H =>AC740BC >5 C74 '84AA0 $4;>=0 !>D=C08=B *464C0C8>=8=C74?A>942C0A408B2;0BB858430B8=;0=3B064B2AD17018C0C4>;>6820;;HC74?A>942C >E4A;84B;0C4
>;>24=406430;;DE80;50=34?>B8CB 0=20BC4A4C0;

(740;;DE80;50=34?>B8CB
0A4 34B2A8143 0B D=2>=B>;830C43 B8;C B0=3 6A0E4; 2>11;4B 0=3 1>D;34AB >;>24=4 C> ;0C4
$;48BC>24=40643H>D=60;;DE80;50=34?>B8CB0A4<0??438<<4380C4;HF4BC>5C74?A>942CDAC74A C74B?428582B>8;CH?4B5>D=3F8C78=C74?A>?4ACH0A4270A02C4A8I430B209>=;>0<H58=4B0=3 C>
?4A24=CB;>?4B7D<<>2:H2
+41'>8;'DAE4H

(74 BD1942C ?A>?4ACH 8B A4;0C8E4;H 5;0C F8C7 4;4E0C8>=B 0;>=6C74 B>DC74A= 1>D=30AH 0E4A068=6

544C01>E4<40=B40;4E4;!' 0=30=0E4A0644;4E0C8>=>5
544C!'
0;>=6C74B>DC74A=1>D=30AH2D;E4AC5>D=3F8C78=C74B>DC740BC2>A=4A>5C74?A>?4ACH8B38A42CB F0C4A0;>=6C7440BC4A=1>D=30AH>5C74?A>?4ACH145>A43A08=8=68=C>0=>AC7F4BCCA4=38=6F0B7 C70C2DCB0;>=6C74=>AC740BC4A=2>A=4A>5C74?A>942C(74?A>?4ACH8B;>20C43F8C78=0CA0=B8C8>=0; 0A40 14CF44= C74 A4>B>C4 DB7 '2AD1 0=3 C74
>B7D0 (A44 +>>3;0=3 18>C82 2><<D=8C84B
*464C0C8>= 5>D=3 F8C78= C74 BD1942C ?A>?4ACH ?A8<0A8;H 2>=B8BCB >5 !>90E4 4B4AC ?;0=C 2><<D=8C84B 8=2;D38=6 2A4>B>C4 1DB7 B2AD1 0=3
>B7D0 CA44B ><<>= 0=8<0; B?4284B 5>D=3
F8C78=C74?A>942CE828=8CH8=2;D34A0CC;4B=0:4B7>A=43;8I0A3B406;4BA43C08;4370F:B0=C4;>?4 6A>D=3B@D8AA4;B?02:A0CB!4AA80<OB:0=60A>>A0CB20=H>=<824344A<82434B4AC=867C;8I0A3B ;0334A102:F>>3?42:4AB0=3>A8>;4B

1.0–5

)!()&!((#

)"#*+')#
)#'

(74=C4;>?4*0;;4H>22D?84BC74F4BC4A=?>AC8>=>5C74!>90E44B4AC0=38B0=0A40F8C7 ;8<8C43 ?A478BC>A82 BD1B8BC4=24 A4B>DA24B
>F4E4A C78B 0A4070B BD??>AC43 0 ;>=6 0=3
>220B8>=0;;H 34=B4 ?A478BC>A82 "0C8E4 <4A820= ?>?D;0C8>= E834=24 >5 E8;;064B 0=3 20<?B 1DA80;B@D0AA84BA>2:540CDA4B0=3143A>2:<>AC0AB70B144=3>2D<4=C430C0A2704>;>6820;B8C4B 02A>BB C74 34B4AC B><4 >5 F7827 2>=C08= 4E834=24 >5 0 ;4=6C7H?A478BC>A82 C8<4 ?4A8>3 (74 ?A478BC>A822D;CDA0;B4@D4=245>A=C4;>?4*0;;4H8B64=4A0;;H14;84E43C>70E4146D=0CC744=3>5 C74$;48BC>24=4A4?A4B4=C431HC745;DC43?>8=CCA038C8>=;4==0=

;C7>D6740A;H
0A2704>;>6820;A4<08=B0A4=>C5A4@D4=C;H5>D=3F74=C74H0A48C8B64=4A0;;H0;>=6C74<0A68=B >55>A<4A?;DE80;;0:4B>A8=0A40B>53D=4345;0C8>= =2>=CA0BC0AC8502CB>=C7434B4AC5;>>A<0H
14B?0AB4F834;HB20CC4A430=3<8G43F8C7C7434B4AC?0E4<4=CB>AC74A468>=0A2704>;>68BCB 70E4 A402743 0 1A>03 2>=B4=BDB A460A38=6 C74 64=4A0; 2D;CDA0; 27A>=>;>6H (74 834=C85843 B4@D4=24 8=2;D34B C74 $0;4>
=380= $4A8>3 C74 $8=C> $4A8>3 C74 H?BD< $4A8>3 C74 '0A0C>60 '?A8=6B$4A8>30=3C74C7=>78BC>A82$4A8>3

$'&
#
&)#'
+'

)* ')+")*&+
(7440A;84BC3>2D<4=C434E834=24>57D<0=>22D?0C8>=8=C74!>90E44B4AC2><4B5A>< C74$0;4>
=380=$4A8>302D;CDA0;4G?A4BB8>=A454AA43C>0BC74+4BC4A=$;DE80; 0:4B(A038C8>= +$ ((74+$ (>22DAA438=C74F4BC4A=A40C0B8=0=32>E4A430=0A40C70CBCA4C27435A>< C74=>F0A83;0=3B>5B>DC74A=0;85>A=80C>#A46>=2D;CDA0;030?C0C8>=C>?;DE80;2>=38C8>=B !;0:4B<0AB74B0=36A0BB;0=3B5;>DA8B7435>AC7>DB0=3B>5H40AB05C4A0??A>G8<0C4;H 1DC8C38B0??40A438=A4B?>=B4C>C74F0A<8=60=33AH8=6CA4=3B>5C74;C8C74A<0;2;8<0C82 ?4A8>3!>A0CC>

#=4>5C74<>BCF4;;:=>F=4G?A4BB8>=B>5C74+$ (8BC74 0:4!>90E4 ><?;4GF78278BC7>D67CC>70E42>E4A430E0BC0A408=2;D38=6?0ACB>5C74B>DC7F4BC4A=A40C 0B8=0=3C74!>90E44B4AC0=3<0H70E4A4027430B50AB>DC70BC74'0=846>0A40AC8502CB 8=3820C8E4>5C74 0:4!>90E4><?;4G8=2;D345>;80C43?>8=CB0=3:=8E4B 0:4!>90E4?>8=CB '8;E4A 0:4?>8=CB0=35;0:43BC>=42A4B24=CB'8<8;0A0AC8502CB70E4144=BD1B4@D4=C;HA42>A343 0;>=6C74B7>A4;8=4>5<0=H>C74A?;DE80;;0:4B8=C74!>90E44B4AC
#&+')#'

+'

(74 $8=C> $4A8>3 30C4B C> C74 4=3 >5 C74 $;48BC>24=4 F74= C74B4E4A4 0=3 3A0<0C82 4=E8A>=<4=C0;270=645A><?;DE80;C>0A832>=38C8>=B1460=$8=C>$4A8>3B8C4B0A45>D=3<>BC;H =40A 4?74<4A0; ;0:4B 0=3 =>F 3AH BCA40<B 0=3 B?A8=6B BD664BC8=6 0 F4CC4A 2;8<0C4 C70= C74 ?A4B4=C$A>942C8;4?>8=CB0BB>280C43F8C7C74$8=C>$4A8>30A4270A02C4A8I430B;0A64A0C;0C;30AC ?>8=CB 0B >??>B43 C> 0AA>F7403 ?>8=CB F7827 F4A4 8=CA>3D243 ;0C4A (78B ?4A8>3 70B 144= 34B2A81430B07867;H<>18;434B4AC42>=><HF8C70=4<?70B8BD?>=7D=C8=6C70C8BBD??;4<4=C43 1H C74 DB4 >5 ?A>24BB43 B443B !>A0CC>

$8=C> $4A8>3 0AC8502CB 70E4 144= 8=C4A?A4C43 0B 8=3820C8>=B>5C4<?>A0AH>AB40B>=0;>22D?0C8>=B1HB<0;;6A>D?B>5?4>?;4 C8B3DA8=6C74$8=C>

1.0–6
$4A8>3C70CC7450<8;80A<8;;8=6BC>=4540CDA4B1468=C>0??40AA4?A4B4=C431HD=B70?43<0=>B0=3 <4C0C4B+0AA4=0=3A01CA44

L
H0??A>G8<0C4;H
8=2>=9D=2C8>=F8C7
C74 >=B4C >5 C74 M 8CC;4 $;DE80;N 2;8<0C82 4?8B>34
0AA8=6C>=
C74 CA0=B8C8>= 5A>< C74
$8=C>$4A8>38=C>C74H?BD<$4A8>38B0??0A4=C0=3270A02C4A8I431HB4E4A0;3806=>BC82CH?4B>5 <438D<0=3;0A64B8I43?A>942C8;4?>8=CB0<>=60BB4<1;064BC70CB44<C>A45;42C050A6A40C4A A0=64>52D;CDA0;8=5;D4=245A><0A40B>DCB834C74F4BC4A=!>90E44B4AC
.(*,%)#'

+'

(74 ?A4B4=24 >5
D<1>;3C >=20E4 0B4 H?BD< 0E4 ;:> 0A43 >A ;:> >A=4A ">C2743?>8=CB0A414;84E43C>148=3820C8E4>5C74H?BD<$4A8>3A038>20A1>=30C435A><
C>
H40AB06>(74H?BD<$4A8>3A45;42CB0<>A48=C4=B8E434B4AC>22D?0C8>= =3820C8>=B
>5CA034F8C72>0BC0;?>?D;0C8>=B0A44E834=2431HB74;;1403B8=C740A2704>;>6820;A42>A3= 8=2A40B4 8= <8;;8=6 BC>=4B 0=3 <0=>B 70B 144= 5>D=3 8= 0BB>280C8>= F8C7 C78B ?4A8>3 F7827 8=3820C4B0=8=2A40B43DB4>570A3B443B!>A0CC>

'4E4A0;B27>;0AB0BB>280C4C78B?4A8>3
F8C7C7438E8B8>=>5C74)C>IC420=;0=6D0640??A>G8<0C4;H C>
H40AB06>(74<09>A
;0=6D0646A>D?BC70C4<4A6435A><C78B38E8B8>=0A4"D<82B?>:4=1HC740F088BD0=3$8DC4 (0:82B?>:4=1HC748C0=4<D:'4AA0=>01A84;8=>0=3>C74AB>DC74A=0;85>A=80'7>B7>=40= B?40:4AB
>?82B?>:4=8=C74B>DC7F4BC0=3(D10CD;010;82B?>:4=1HC74(D10CD;010;8=C74 B>DC74A='84AA0"4E030!>D=C08=BB785C8=B4CC;4<4=C?0CC4A=BC>F0A30<>A4B434=C0AH;854BCH;4 >22DAA433DA8=6C78B?4A8>3270A02C4A8I431HC744<4A64=24>5;0A64?4A<0=4=C>AB4<8?4A<0=4=C E8;;064B8C4B0=30BB>280C4324<4C4A84B

)
+'!
()#&!*)#'

+'

(74 '0A0C>60 '?A8=6B $4A8>3 8B 270A02C4A8I43 1H 0 CA0=B8C8>= 5A>< ;0A64A 30AC ?>8=CB C> B<0;;4A0AA>F?>8=CB(78B2><18=43F8C74E834=245A><A>2:0AC<>C85B;403BB27>;0ABC>0A6D4 5>A0B785C5A><0C;0C;BC>DB4>5C741>F0=30AA>F48C74A3DA8=6C744=3>5C74H?BD<$4A8>3>A C741468==8=6>5C74'0A0C>60'?A8=6B$4A8>3(78B?4A8>3A4?A4B4=CB0B86=85820=CB785C8=2D;CDA0; 34E4;>?<4=CC70C34<>=BCA0C4B0B44<8=6;H455>AC;4BB030?C8E4A4B?>=B4C>8=2A40B8=6;H0A8334B4AC 2>=38C8>=B8=C74F4BC4A=!>90E44B4AC!09>AE8;;064>22D?0C8>=BF8C78==C4;>?4*0;;4H1460= C> 0??40A 9DBC ?A8>A C> C74 '0A0C>60 '?A8=6B $4A8>3 'DCC>=
&>18=B>=
0C F7827
?>8=C143A>2:<8;;8=6540CDA4B1420<402><<>=4;4<4=C5>AC74?A>24BB8=6>502>A=B0=3>C74A A4B>DA24B0BB>280C43F8C7<>AC0A0=3?4BC;4DB4
B0A4B?>=B4C>8=2A40B8=6;H0A832>=38C8>=B0A40BF8C7508A;HA4;801;45A4B7F0C4AB>DA24B F4A48=C4=B4;H>22D?843>E4AE0BC;4=6C7B>5C8<4(78B030?C0C8>=8B>5<09>AB86=85820=24F74= 033A4BB8=6C74?A478BC>AH>5C74 4>=0*0;;4H0=3B8C4B0;>=6C74'0==3A40B&85C->=4039024=C C>&8CC4A&8364'?A8=6B0=3B44?B0A42><<>=>22DAA4=24B0;>=6C74'0==3A40B50D;C0=3B>8;B >5C74;>F;0=3B8=C74 4>=0*0;;4HBD664BCC70C2>=B834A01;4F0C4AA4B>DA24BF4A4?A4B4=C8=C74 0A40 D=C8; >=;H 508A;H A424=C;H
C 2>D;3 14 4G?42C43 C74= C70C B8C4B 4G7818C8=6 0C ;40BC B><4 4E834=24>5B4<8B434=C0AH7018C0C8>=F>D;314A4?A4B4=C438=C74E828=8CH(78B?4A8>3B0F0=

1.0–7
8=2A40B48=CA034F8C7A8I>=00=3>C74A0A40B>5C74'>DC7F4BCE834=248=C740A2704>;>6820; A42>A3B7>FBC70CA>F=0=3D55F0A4B?>CC4AHBCH;4B270A02C4A8BC82>5A8I>=0<034C748AF0H C>C740;85>A=8034B4AC1H
C8B0;B>14;84E43C70CC74=0B0I8<8=43CDA@D>8B48=C74 40BC4A=0;85>A=8034B4AC01>DCC78BC8<4

+"&'"#*+')#
)#'

+',)'(
&'&+

+
(74 ?A4B4=24 >5 C74 2D;CDA4B 0BB>280C43 F8C7 C74 0C4 $A478BC>A82 $4A8>3 >A 0B 8C 8B B><4C8<4BA454AA43C>C74'7>B7>=40=$4A8>320=142;40A;H38B24A=43C7A>D67C742><?0A8B>=>5 0A2704>;>6820;0=34C7=>78BC>A820;A42>A3BC7=>6A0?78230C08=3820C4BC70CC74=C4;>?4*0;;4H F0B>22D?8431HB?40:4AB>5C74(0:82'7>B7>=40=;0=6D064B(748C0=4<D:A4B83438=<D27 >5C74E0;;4H0=3C74F4BC4A=5>>C78;;0A40BF78;4C74(0C0E80<>22D?843<D27>5C74=>AC75028=6 B;>?4B>5C74'0=01A84;0=3'84AA0$4;>=0<>D=C08=B0BF4;;0BC740A40B0A>D=32C>='0D6DB 0=3"4F70;;$A8>AC>DA>?40=2>=C02CC74B42D;CDA4B2>=B8BC43>5?0CA8;8=40;;H>A60=8I4350<8;H 10=3B>503E0=243B>28>?>;8C820;>A60=8I0C8>=;02:1DA=0=340= <>BC;8:4;HA4;0C43
C>0E4AHF4;;34E4;>?430=3<08=C08=4342>=><82CA034=4CF>A:F74A48=C74B46A>D?BB4AE430B 8=C4A<4380A84B 14CF44= 2>0BC0; 34B4AC 24=CA0; E0;;4H 0=3 B>DC74A= '84AA0 "4E030 6A>D?B &>18=B>=
'DCC>=

(74 ?A>942C 0A40 5>A C78B BCD3H 8B ;>20C43 8= F70C 8B CA038C8>=0;;H C74 7><4;0=3 >5 C74 8C0=4<D:0B<0;;CA814?A8=28?0;;H;>20C43>=C74B>DC74A=0=3F4BC4A=5;0=:B>5C74(470270?8 !>D=C08=B ;02:1DA= 0=3 40=
(74 64=4A0; 42>;>6820; 030?C0C8>= 0=3 BD1B8BC4=24 C427=>;>6H>5C748C0=4<D:38554A43;8CC;45A><C70C>5C748A=48671>ABC>C74=>AC7>AF4BCBD27 0BC74'>DC74A=*0;;4H,>:DCB 8=6D8BC824E834=24BD664BCBC74?A4B4=24>5B><45>A<>5C74 ?0CA8;8=40;BHBC4<5>D=34;B4F74A48=B>DC74A=0;85>A=801DCC74;8=4064BF4A4=>CC>C4<82=>A F0B C74A4 4E834=24 >5 <>84C84B $A428B4 30C0 >= C74 34<>6A0?782 270A02C4A8BC82B 0=3 ?>;8C820; >A60=8I0C8>=>5C748C0=4<D:20==>;>=64A14>1C08=43(748C0=4<D:<0H70E47032>=C02C F8C7C74'?0=8B72>;>=84B0B40A;H0BC74
B1DC;8CC;478BC>A820;8=5>A<0C8>=8B0E08;01;4C>30H >=C78BB<0;;CA814F7827703=><>A4C70= C>
<4<14AB0CC74?40:>58CB?>?D;0C8>=
(74 CA814 F0B 0??0A4=C;H A4?A4B4=C43 0C C74 '0= 4A=0=3> '0= 01A84; 0=3 '0= D4=0E4=CDA0 <8BB8>=B'><48C0=4<D:BF4A45>D=3>=C74(49>=&4B4AE0C8>=8=C74 B0=3;0C4A0CC74
(D;4&8E4A&4B4AE0C8>=F74A4B><4>5C748A34B24=30=CBBC8;;A4B834
#*+')#
)#'

'27>;0AB >5C4= 0CCA81DC4 0C74A A0=28B2> 0A24B 0B C74 58ABC :=>F= DA>?40= C> CA0E4; C7A>D67C74+4BC4A=!>90E48=C74;0C4
B
>F4E4A8C70B144=?A>?>B43C70C$43A>064B
C7458ABC6>E4A=>A>5;C00;85>A=8002CD0;;HCA0E4AB43C74+4BC4A=!>90E4=40A;H H40AB145>A4
0A24B8=?DABD8C>5<8;8C0AH34B4AC4AB'C82:4;4C0; #=4B>DA248=3820C4B064B?0BB43

D674B 0:4=>AC7F4BC>5C742DAA4=CBCD3H0A40F7827F>D;370E4?;0243064BA>DC4C7A>D67 C74 =C4;>?4 *0;;4H
>>E4A 4C 0;
"4E4AC74;4BB ;8CC;4 8B 02CD0;;H :=>F= 01>DC 064BO 4G?438C8>= 02A>BB C74 34B4AC 0=3 0A24B 0
4BD8C ?A84BC 8B C74 58ABC DA>?40= E8B8C>A C> 70E4

1.0–8
3>2D<4=C43E8B8C8=6C7464=4A0;0A40'C82:4;4C0;
0A24B02C430B06D834C>
D0=0DC8BC0
34=I08=

>=0=4G?438C8>=C>4BC01;8B7B7>AC4A0=3@D82:4AA>DC4B5A><C74>;>A03>&8E4A C>C742>0BC0;'?0=8B7<8BB8>=B0A24B5DAC74A4G?;>A43C74!>90E44B4AC8= >=78B>F=
4G?438C8>=D=34AC74>A34AB>5=I0C>14CC4A02@D08=C78<B4;5F8C7C74!>90E44B4AC'C82:4; 4C0;
0A24BCA0E4;435A><?A4B4=C30H"443;4BC7A>D67C74+4BC4A=!>90E4F8C7"0C8E4 <4A820=B 5A>< C74 >;>A03> &8E4A A468>=B 0B 78B 6D834B 4E4=CD0;;H A40278=6 !8BB8>= '0= 01A84;8=!0A27>5
'C82:4;4C0;

$;024A8C00=H>=;>20C43C>C74B>DC7>5C742DAA4=CBCD3H0A401420<4>=4>5 C7458ABC8<?>AC0=C6>;3<8=4B8=B>DC74A=0;85>A=80A44=F>>30=3!2 =CHA4
1DC8CF0B
=>CD=C8;>=;4G0=34A0=3$78=40B0==8=64BC01;8B7430BC064;8=4C7A>D67C74B>DC74A=4364 >5C74=C4;>?4*0;;4H5A>< >B=64;4BC70CC740A401420<414CC4A:=>F= ><4BC4038=60;>=6
C74BDA5024F0C4A34?>B8CB8=C74
B0=3C742>=BCAD2C8>=>5C74'>DC74A=$028582&08;A>03;8=4 C7A>D67=C4;>?4*0;;4H8=
;43C>34E4;>?<4=C8=C74A468>=DAC74AC74BC0C4;468B;0CDA4 ?0BB43C74+A867C2C8=
F782760E4?A8E0C42>A?>A0C8>=B0=3D=8=2>A?>A0C432><<D=8C84B C740DC7>A8CHC>34E4;>?0=3<08=C08=8AA860C8>=F>A:BD<:4

(74+A867C2C0=3A08;
CA0E4;;43C>0=8=5;DG>5;0=3B?42D;0C>ABC>C740A40!0=H50A<4AB9>DA=4H43C>C74=C4;>?4 *0;;4HD=0F0A4>5C74B20A28CH>5F0C4A0=3D=A4;801;40==D0;A08=50;;$0;<30;4>A868=0;;H20;;43 M$0;<=4C70;NF0B5>D=3431H06A>D?>50??A>G8<0C4;H C> 4A<0= DC74A0=50<8;84BC70C 703A4;>20C433DA8=6C74<83
BC>C74=C4;>?4*0;;4HC>4BC01;8B77><4BC403B>=0A3
HC78BC8<4>C74A=40A1H2><<D=8C84BBD270B2C>=0=3 0=20BC4A703144=5>D=343D=34A B8<8;0A28A2D<BC0=24B0=3A08;BC0C8>=BF4A44BC01;8B743$0;<30;48CH 81A0AH

+0C4A0=38AA860C8>=3><8=0C43C7478BC>AH>5C74=C4;>?4*0;;4H8=C>C74<83CF4=C84C7 24=CDAH
>F4E4A C74 34E4;>?<4=C >5 8<?A>E43 6A>D=3 F0C4A 4GCA02C8>= C427=>;>684B ?0AC82D;0A;HC744;42CA823A8E4=F0C4A?D<?8<?A>E4306A82D;CDA48=C74A468>=;4038=6C>0=4F 8=5;DG>550A<4ABC>C74A468>=$03>=0=3A>F=>E4A
6A82D;CDA48=C74A468>=<08=;H
5>2DB43>=?A>3D240=320CC;46A0I8=6
(74=C4;>?4*0;;4HF0BCA0=B5>A<431H+>A;3+0A

0=3C744BC01;8B7<4=C>5!DA>2
A<H8A584;38=

(74?>?D;0C8>=8=5;DG20DB4301>>BCC>C7442>=><H0=30=4435>A<>A4 B4AE824B!DA>2A<H8A584;3F0B?DC>=780CDBB7>AC;H05C4AC74F0AF782720DB430342;8=48= C74;>20;42>=><H
>F4E4AC78BF0B>=;HC4<?>A0AH0B05C4AC74>A40=+0AC7408A584;3F0B A4=0<433F0A38A>A240B4>=0A3
(744BC01;8B7<4=C>53F0A3B8A>A240B4
;43C>C7434E4;>?<4=C>50;0A64B20;404A>B?0248=3DBCAH$0;<30;46A4F>DC>5C74=424BB8CHC> B4AE4C74=443B>5C74<8;8C0AHF7827CA0=B5>A<43C74A468>=2>=E4AC8=65>A<4A06A82D;CDA0;;0=3 8=C> 2><<4A280; 0=3 A4B834=C80; 34E4;>?<4=CB >=0A3 (>30H C74 =C4;>?4 *0;;4H 8B
4G?4A84=28=65DAC74A34E4;>?<4=C0B0BD1DA10=>DC6A>FC7>5C74 >B=64;4B<4CA>?>;8C0=0A40
')!('$
(

&
$!$
!$&'&

=0A2704>;>6820;A42>A3BB40A275>A0>=4<8;4A038DBF0B2>=3D2C431H'C7A>D67 C74'
0C')D;;4AC>=>=#2C>14A

??4=38G(74'
A42>A3BB40A27A4BD;CB

1.0–9
834=C858434867C?A4E8>DB;HA42>A343A4B>DA24B0;;78BC>A82;>20C43F8C78=>=4<8;4>5C74?A>942C =>=4>5F78270A4;>20C43F8C78=C74?A>942COB1>D=30A84B(01;4
L
(74?A4E8>DB;HA42>A343
A4B>DA24B2>=B8BC>558E4CA0B7B20CC4AB>=4B8C42>=C08=8=65>D=30C8>=B0=30CA0B7B20CC4A>=4B8C4 2>=C08=8=60B4?C821>G?8?40=35>D=30C8>=A4<=0=CB0=3C74$0;<30;4C>*82C>AE8;;4&>03
!-
D;CDA0;&4B>DA24B+8C78=#=4!8;4>5C74$A>942C

!"
" !!""

!"

#
"

!
" !!""

!"
!"
%

#
"

"!

!"

"
"
$

(74A42>A3BB40A270;B>834=C85843
?A4E8>DBBCD384B2>=3D2C43F8C78=>=4<8;4>5C74
?A>942C(F>>5C74?A4E8>DBBCD384B8=2;D34C742DAA4=C?A>942C">AF>>3 &

>C7?A4E8>DBBCD384BF4A42>=3D2C438=BD??>AC>5C748CH>5$0;<30;4OB0BCB8344=4A0;$;0= <4=3<4=C$
(74">AF>>3
BCD3H2>=B8BC43>50BDAE4H0=3B8C48=E4=C>AH5>A A4B>DA24B F8C78= C74 4=4A0; $;0= <4=3<4=C 0A40 0??A>G8<0C4;H 02A4B (74 &

BCD3H8BC74
&5>AC744=4A0;$;0=<4=3<4=CF78278=2;D34BC74
">AF>>3
BCD3H0BF4;;0B02D;CDA0;A4B>DA24BD?30C42><?8;431H4AC&034A0=3&8270A30AA82> +74= C74 2DAA4=C ?A>942C F0B BDAE4H43 1H ">AF>>3 8= 74 =>C43 <D;C8?;4 MCA0B7
3D<?BNF8C78=C74
&0A40C7A44>5F7827834=C858430B(4<?>A0AH
(4<?>A0AH

0=3
(4<?>A0AH

F4A4 <0??43 F8C78= C74 2DAA4=C ?A>942C 86DA4
L
">AF>>3 2><?8;43
2DAB>AH 8=5>A<0C8>= 5>A C74 A4B>DA24B F8C7 0= 8=E4=C>AH B744C 5>A C74 C7A44 A4B>DA24B F7827 8=2;D343 <40BDA4<4=CB 0=3 ;>20C8>=0; 8=5>A<0C8>= $A8<0A8;H C74 B8C4B F4A4 =>C43 C> 14 CA0B7 B20CC4AB2>=C08=8=620=B6;0BB0=324A0<820AC8502CB;C7>D67">AF>>3OB<0?B7>FBC74C7A44 A4B>DA24B F8C78= C74 ?A>942C >=;H C74 ;>20C8>=0; 8=5>A<0C8>= ?A4B4=C43 5>A (4<?>A0AH

0=3
(4<?>A0AH

2>AA4B?>=3B C> C74 2DAA4=C ?A>942C ;>20C8>= 8=3820C8=6 C70C (4<?>A0AH F0B
48C74A<8B?;>CC43>AC7434B2A8?C8E4;>20C8>=0;30C02>=C08=B4AA>AB&460A3;4BB">AF>>3
383=>C5>A<0;;HA42>A30=H>5C74B4CA0B7B20CC4AB

(A0B7D<?B"D<4A>DBCA0B73D<?BF4A4>1B4AE43C7A>D67>DCC74BCD3H0A40 $A02C820;;H 4E4AH A>03 70B 0 B20CC4A 0=3 2>=24=CA0C43 CA0B7 34?>B8CB +8C7 C74 4G24?C8>=>5C744G?;>343BC>E4B8C4C74A>03B8343D<?B0;;30C4C>A4;0C8E4;H;0C4 ?4A8>3B(740640=3=0CDA4>5C743D<?B8B0A45;42C8>=>5C74?>?D;0C8>=6A>FC7 >5$0;<30;4F8C7<>BC3D<?B?>BC30C8=6.+>A;3+0A

/(74B43D<?BF4A4=>C
5>A<0;;HA42>A343>A2>=B834A43B86=85820=C8=C4A<B>5%2A8C4A80

1.0–10

)&-
&'
((&'&*$)'!,#(
,$&+$$

1.0–11

=C742D;CDA0;A4B>DA24BD?30C4?A>E8343F8C78=C74
&&034A0=30AA82>@D4BC8>=43
">AF>>3OB<4C7>3B5>A34C4A<8=8=6F7827A4B>DA24BF4A40=3F4A4=>C5>A<0;;HA42>A343
(742A8C4A80DB435>AA42>A38=60A2704>;>6820;B8C4B3DA8=6C74 ">AF>>3<0H
=>C148=022>A30=24F8C7%6D834;8=4B)=34A%6D834;8=4B078BC>A82 A4B>DA24 H40AB?A4

0CC74C8<4>5C748ABDAE4H=443BC>14033A4BB43 ">A<0;;H C74 A4B>DA24 8B A42>A343 0B 0 78BC>A82 0A2704>;>6820;B8C4 0=3 C74= C74 B86=85820=24>5C70CB8C48B2>=B834A43>=020B41H20B410B8B.K/(74CA0B734?>B8CB 0??A>G8<0C4;H C>H40AB>5064F4A4=>C?0AC>5C74">AF>>3 A4?>AC>=
0 20B4 1H 20B4 10B8B (74H F4A4 M=>C43 0=3 8=E4=C>A843 1DC =>C 8=BC8CDC8>=0;;H A42>A343N&

>F4E4A&034A0=30AA82>0;B>383=>CA42>A30=H>5C74CA0B7B20CC4AB834=C858431H">AF>>3 0=3 8=BC403 A42><<4=343 C70C C74H B7>D;3 14 8=E4BC860C43 >= 0 20B41H20B4 10B8B B7>D;3 C74 ?0A24;2>=C08=8=6C74A4B>DA24B14B;0C435>A34E4;>?<4=C&

=0338C8>=10B43D?>=
C74 8=5>A<0C8>= ?A4B4=C43 8= C74 ">AF>>3
A4?>AC =>=4 >5 C74 CA0B7 B20CC4AB F8C78= C74 ?A>942C F>D;3 70E4 <4C C74 H40A 064 C7A4B7>;3 D=34A % 2A8C4A80 0C C74 C8<4 >5 8=8C80; 3>2D<4=C0C8>=

=0338C8>='A4E84F43C745>;;>F8=678BC>A82B>DA24B
•(74"0C8>=0;&468BC4A>5
8BC>A82$;024B
=34G
•(74 #55824 >5
8BC>A82 $A4B4AE0C8>= #
$ A2704>;>6820; 4C4A<8=0C8>=B >5
;86818;8CH
•(74#
$D8;C=E8A>=<4=C&4B>DA24B8A42C>AH
• ! #&42>A3B
•

&

*+)
<8=DC4)''<0?B
•

0=3

)$
&
<8=DC4)''<0?B
•
0=3

$%

$<8=DC4)''<0?B
•4A80;?7>C>6A0?7B

C7A>D67

(74B4B>DA24B383=>C8=3820C4C74?A4B4=24>50=H0338C8>=0;0A2704>;>6820;A4B>DA24BF8C78=C74 ?A>942CDAC74AC7478BC>A82<0?B>A04A80;?7>C>6A0?7BB7>FC70C=>BCAD2CDA4B70E44E4A4G8BC43 F8C78=C74BD1942C?A>?4ACHDAC74A=>38A42CA>030224BBC>C74?A>?4ACH8BE8B81;4>=C74

04A80; ?7>C>6A0?7 7>F4E4A 0 3AH F0B7 C70C 2DCB C7A>D67 C74 =>AC740BC 2>A=4A >5 C74 ?A>942C 8B E8B81;4">AF>>3
?>BCD;0C43C70CC78BF0B72>D;370E4144=DB430B0=0224BBA>03?A8>A C> C74 34E4;>?<4=C >5 >C74A A>03 0;86=<4=CB C7A>D67 C74 0A40 (74

)$
&
<8=DC4
)''<0?3>4BB7>FC740;86=<4=C>50A>03=>AC7>5C74?A>942CF78270??40ABC><0C27C74 0;86=<4=C>5C742DAA4=C0BC$0;<30;4>D;4E0A3H

0BC$0;<30;4>D;4E0A30??40AB
58A<;H 4BC01;8B743 0=3 ?0E43 508=C CA08; 18B42C8=6 C74 ?A>?4ACH 8B E8B81;4 >= C74
04A80;

1.0–12
?7>C>6A0?71DC8C3>4B=>C0??40AC>14F8344=>D67C>70E4144=DB430B0=0224BBA>03H

038ACA>038BE8B81;40;>=6C74F4BC4A=1>D=30AH>5C74?A>?4ACH=039024=CA4B834=C80; 34E4;>?<4=CB>DC7>5C74BD1942C?A>?4ACH0??40ABC>70E4144=2>=BCAD2C4314CF44= 0=3

<?02CBC>C74BD1942C?A>?4ACHC70C0??40AC>70E4144=C843C>C7434E4;>?<4=CC>C74B>DC7 8=2;D3402D;E4AC8=C74B>DC740BC2>A=4A>5C74?A>942C0=0BB>280C4340AC74=270==4;0;>=6C74 B>DC740BC4A=1>D=30AH>5C74?A>?4ACH0=3038AC0224BBA>038=C74B>DC74A=C78A3>5C74?A>942C H

<D;C8?;4 38AC 0224BB A>03B 0A4 E8B81;4 >= C74 ?A>942C F78;4 0=>C74A A4B834=C80; 34E4;>?<4=C039024=CC>C74F4BCF0B2>=BCAD2C4314CF44= 0=3

' 0;B> A4@D4BC43 0 ' B40A27 5A>< C74 "
C> B40A27 5>A C74 ?A4B4=24 >5 0=H
A42>A343"0C8E4<4A820=B02A43B8C4B>A;>20C8>=B>5A4;868>DB>A24A4<>=80;8<?>AC0=24F8C78= >=4<8;4>5C74?A>942CF7827F0BA4CDA=43F8C7=460C8E4A4BD;CB;;2>AA4B?>=34=248B?A>E8343 8=??4=38G

%%!!
)!($#'
&4B>DA248<?>AC0=248B0BB86=43C>38BCA82CBB8C4B1D8;38=6BBCAD2CDA4B0=3>1942CBC70C ?>BB4BB4G24?C8>=0;E0;D4>A@D0;8CH8;;DBCA0C8=6>A8=C4A?A4C8=6C7474A8C064>5 >B=64;4B>D=CH 8=78BC>AH0A278C42CDA40A2704>;>6H4=68=44A8=60=32D;CDA4=D<14A>52A8C4A800A4DB438= 34<>=BCA0C8=6 A4B>DA24 8<?>AC0=24 '?4285820;;H C74 2A8C4A80>DC;8=43 8= % ?A>E834 C74 6D830=245>A<0:8=6BD27034C4A<8=0C8>=(745>;;>F8=6B42C8>=B34C08;C742A8C4A80C70C0A4B>DA24 <DBC<44C8=>A34AC>1434C4A<8=438<?>AC0=C

$# ')&#
&-#)'&%&+
$,
$#+.
+
22>A38=6C>%J

0C74C4A<M78BC>A820;A4B>DA24N8=2;D34BC745>;;>F8=6

A4B>DA24 ;8BC43 8= >A 34C4A<8=43 C> 14 4;8681;4 1H C74 'C0C4 8BC>A820; &4B>DA24B
><<8BB8>= 5>A ;8BC8=6 8= C74 0;85>A=80 &468BC4A >5 8BC>A820; &4B>DA24B &
&
$D1;82&4B>DA24B>34.$&/''

(8C;4

&'42C8>=
4CB4@

A4B>DA24 8=2;D343 8= 0 ;>20; A468BC4A >5 78BC>A820; A4B>DA24B 0B 3458=43 8= '42C8>=

: >5 C74 $& >A 834=C85843 0B B86=85820=C 8= 0= 78BC>A820; A4B>DA24 BDAE4H <44C8=6C74A4@D8A4<4=CB>5'42C8>=

6>5C74$&B70;;14?A4BD<43C>14
78BC>A820;;H>A2D;CDA0;;HB86=85820=C$D1;82064=284B<DBCCA40C0=HBD27A4B>DA240B B86=85820=CD=;4BBC74?A4?>=34A0=24>54E834=2434<>=BCA0C4BC70C8C8B=>C78BC>A820;;H >A2D;CDA0;;HB86=85820=C

=H>1942C1D8;38=6BCAD2CDA4B8C40A40?;024A42>A3>A<0=DB2A8?CF78270;403 064=2H 34C4A<8=4B C> 14 78BC>A820;;H B86=85820=C >A B86=85820=C 8= C74 0A278C42CDA0; 4=68=44A8=6B284=C858242>=><8206A82D;CDA0;43D20C8>=0;B>280;?>;8C820;<8;8C0AH >A2D;CDA0;0==0;B>50;85>A=80<0H142>=B834A43C>140=78BC>A820;A4B>DA24?A>E8343 C74 ;403 064=2HOB 34C4A<8=0C8>= 8B BD??>AC43 1H BD1BC0=C80; 4E834=24 8= ;867C >5 C74 F7>;4 A42>A3 4=4A0;;H 0 A4B>DA24 B70;; 14 2>=B834A43 1H C74 ;403 064=2H C> 14

1.0–13
M78BC>A820;;HB86=85820=CN85C74A4B>DA24<44CBC742A8C4A805>A;8BC8=6>=C74& &$&
''

(8C;4

'42C8>=

8=2;D38=6C745>;;>F8=6

0
B0BB>280C43F8C74E4=CBC70C70E4<0340B86=85820=C2>=CA81DC8>=C>C741A>03 ?0CC4A=B>50;85>A=80OB78BC>AH0=32D;CDA0;74A8C064 1
B0BB>280C43F8C7C74;8E4B>5?4AB>=B8<?>AC0=C8=>DA?0BC 2<1>384BC7438BC8=2C8E4270A02C4A8BC82B>50CH?4?4A8>3A468>=>A<4C7>3>5 2>=BCAD2C8>= >A A4?A4B4=CB C74 F>A: >5 0= 8<?>AC0=C 2A40C8E4 8=38E83D0; >A ?>BB4BB4B78670AC8BC82E0;D4B>A
3
0BH84;343>A<0H14;8:4;HC>H84;38=5>A<0C8>=8<?>AC0=C8=?A478BC>AH>A 78BC>AH

(74502CC70C0A4B>DA248B=>C;8BC43>=>A34C4A<8=434;8681;45>A;8BC8=6>=C74& &
=>C8=2;D3438=0;>20;A468BC4A>578BC>A820;A4B>DA24B?DABD0=CC>'42C8>=
:>5
C74$&>A834=C858438=0=78BC>A820;A4B>DA24BBDAE4H<44C8=6C742A8C4A808='42C8>=

6 >5 C74 $& 3>4B =>C ?A42;D34 0 ;403 064=2H 5A>< 34C4A<8=8=6 C70C C74 A4B>DA24<0H140=78BC>A820;A4B>DA240B3458=438=$&'42C8>=
9>A

22>A38=6 C> % J

1 0 ?A>942C F8C7 0= 45542C C70C <0H 20DB4 0 BD1BC0=C80; 03E4AB4270=648=C74B86=85820=24>50=78BC>A820;A4B>DA248B0?A>942CC70C<0H70E40B86=85820=C 45542C>=C744=E8A>=<4=C%3458=4B0BD1BC0=C80;03E4AB4270=640B

'D1BC0=C80;03E4AB4270=648=C74B86=85820=24>50=78BC>A820;A4B>DA24<40=B?7HB820; 34<>;8C8>= 34BCAD2C8>= A4;>20C8>= >A 0;C4A0C8>= >5 C74 A4B>DA24 >A 8CB 8<<4380C4 BDAA>D=38=6BBD27C70CC74B86=85820=24>50=78BC>A820;A4B>DA24F>D;314<0C4A80;;H 8<?08A43

(74B86=85820=24>50=78BC>A820;A4B>DA248B<0C4A80;;H8<?08A43F74=0?A>942C
04<>;8B74B >A <0C4A80;;H 0;C4AB 8= 0= 03E4AB4 <0==4A C7>B4 ?7HB820; 270A02C4A8BC82B>50=78BC>A820;A4B>DA24C70C2>=E4H8CB78BC>A820;B86=85820=24 0=3C70C9DBC85H8CB8=2;DB8>=>=>A4;86818;8CH5>A8=2;DB8>=>=C74& &>A
14<>;8B74B >A <0C4A80;;H 0;C4AB 8= 0= 03E4AB4 <0==4A C7>B4 ?7HB820; 270A02C4A8BC82B C70C 022>D=C 5>A 8CB 8=2;DB8>= 8= 0 ;>20; A468BC4A >5 78BC>A820; A4B>DA24B?DABD0=CC>'42C8>=

:>5C74$&>A8CB834=C85820C8>=8=0=
78BC>A820;A4B>DA24BBDAE4H<44C8=6C74A4@D8A4<4=CB>5'42C8>=

6>5
C74 $& D=;4BB C74 ?D1;82 064=2H A4E84F8=6 C74 45542CB >5 C74?A>942C 4BC01;8B74B1H0?A4?>=34A0=24>54E834=24C70CC74A4B>DA248B=>C78BC>A820;;H >A2D;CDA0;;HB86=85820=C>A
24<>;8B74B >A <0C4A80;;H 0;C4AB 8= 0= 03E4AB4 <0==4A C7>B4 ?7HB820;

1.0–14
270A02C4A8BC82B>50=78BC>A820;A4B>DA24C70C2>=E4H8CB78BC>A820;B86=85820=24 0=3C70C9DBC85H8CB4;86818;8CH5>A8=2;DB8>=8=C74& &0B34C4A<8=431H0;403
064=2H5>A?DA?>B4B>5%

'42C8>=

2 >5 % 0??;84B C> 45542CB >= 0A2704>;>6820; B8C4B 0=3 2>=C08=B C74 5>;;>F8=60338C8>=0;?A>E8B8>=BA460A38=60A2704>;>6820;B8C4B

+74=0?A>942CF8;;8<?02C0=0A2704>;>6820;B8C40;403064=2HB70;;58ABC34C4A<8=4 F74C74AC74B8C48B0=78BC>A820;A4B>DA240B3458=438=BD1B42C8>=0

50;403064=2H34C4A<8=4BC70CC740A2704>;>6820;B8C48B0=78BC>A820;A4B>DA248CB70;; A454A C> C74 ?A>E8B8>=B >5 '42C8>=

>5 C74 $& '42C8>=

>5 C74
6D834;8=4B0=3C74;8<8CB2>=C08=438='42C8>=

>5C74$&3>=>C0??;H

50=0A2704>;>6820;B8C43>4B=>C<44CC742A8C4A803458=438=BD1B42C8>=01DC3>4B <44CC743458=8C8>=>50D=8@D40A2704>;>6820;A4B>DA248='42C8>=

>5C74$&
C74B8C4B70;;14CA40C438=022>A30=24F8C7C74?A>E8B8>=B>5'42C8>=

(74C8<4
0=32>BC;8<8C0C8>=B34B2A81438=$&'42C8>=

253>=>C0??;HC>BDAE4HB
0=3 B8C4 4E0;D0C8>= 02C8E8C84B 8=C4=343 C> 34C4A<8=4 F74C74A C74 ?A>942C ;>20C8>= 2>=C08=BD=8@D40A2704>;>6820;A4B>DA24B

50=0A2704>;>6820;A4B>DA248B=48C74A0D=8@D40A2704>;>6820;=>A78BC>A820;A4B>DA24 C7445542CB>5C74?A>942C>=C7>B4A4B>DA24BB70;;=>C142>=B834A430B86=85820=C45542C >=C744=E8A>=<4=C
CB70;;14BD558284=CC70C1>C7C74A4B>DA240=3C7445542C>=8C0A4 =>C438=C74
=8C80;'CD3H>A=E8A>=<4=C0;
<?02C&4?>AC85>=48B?A4?0A43C>033A4BB
8<?02CB >= >C74A A4B>DA24B 1DC C74H =443 =>C 14 2>=B834A43 5DAC74A 8= C74 % ?A>24BB

'42C8>=

3 0=3 4 2>=C08= 0338C8>=0; ?A>E8B8>=B A460A38=6 7D<0= A4<08=B &460A38=6"0C8E4<4A820=7D<0=A4<08=B?0A06A0?73?A>E834B
3+74=0=8=8C80;BCD3H834=C8584BC744G8BC4=24>5>AC74?A>101;4;8:4;87>>3>5"0C8E4 <4A820= 7D<0= A4<08=B F8C78= C74 ?A>942C 0 ;403 064=2H B70;;F>A: F8C7 C74 0??A>?A80C4 "0C8E4 <4A820=B 0B 834=C85843 1H C74 " 0B ?A>E8343 8= $&
'' (740??;820=C<0H34E4;>?0=06A44<4=C5>ACA40C8=6>A38B?>B8=6>5F8C7 0??A>?A80C4386=8CHC747D<0=A4<08=B0=30=H8C4<B0BB>280C43F8C7"0C8E4<4A820= 1DA80;B F8C7 C74 0??A>?A80C4 "0C8E4 <4A820=B 0B 834=C85843 1HC74 " 2C8>=
8<?;4<4=C8=6BD270=06A44<4=C8B4G4<?C5A><

(7464=4A0;?A>7818C8>=>=38B8=C4AA8=638BCDA18=6>AA4<>E8=67D<0=A4<08=B 5A>< 0=H ;>20C8>= >C74A C70= 0 343820C43 24<4C4AH 40;C7 0=3 '054CH >34
'42C8>=

1.0–15

(74A4@D8A4<4=CB>5%0=3C74>0BC0;2C

2.0–1

'$ /1(, 18 &. + .% 3'$ 1$2$ 1"' #$2(&- (2 3. 33$,/3 3. 4-#$123 -# 3'$ 6 8 (- 6'("' '4, -2' 5$42$#3'$+ -# -#1$2.41"$26(3'(-3'$/1.)$"33'1.4&'3(,$ 26$++ 23. (#(-3'$ #$3$1,(- 3(.- .% 1$2.41"$ 2(&-(%(" -"$ .1 3'$ "411$-3 /1.)$"3 3'$ 234#8 1$ 4-#$1 (-5$23(& 3(.-(2$ 23$1-.2-&$+$2.4-38
'$2"./$.%6.1*%.13'$"4+341 +1$2.41"$2234#8
".-#4"3$#%.13'$

1.)$"3(-"+4#$#3'$2415$8.%3'$
"1$/1.)$"3(5$-3'$ 1$
(-5.+5$#3'$1$2$ 1"'#$2(&-%.13'(2/1.)$"36 2%."42$#4/.-1$ +(23("234#8./3(.-2 (-"$3'$
, (- .!)$"3(5$ .% 3'$ (-5$23(& 3(.- 6 2 3. (#$-3(%8 3'$ /1$2$-"$ .% -# /.3$-3( + (,/ "32 3. "4+341 +1$2.41"$23'$&. +'$1$(2-.3-$"$22 1(+83. -26$16(#$1$ "'(-&3'$.1($21$& 1#(-&3'$ #$5$+./,$-3.%$ 1+82.43'$1- +(%.1-( !433.(-5$23(& 3$3'$1.+$ -#(,/.13 -"$.%(#$-3(%($# 1$2.41"$2 $5$13'$+$22 3'$ 22$22,$-3 .% 3'$ 2(&-(%(" -"$ .% 1$2.41"$ ,423 3 *$ (-3. ".-2(#$1 3(.- 5 1($38.%"' 1 "3$1(23("2 26$++ 23'$ !(+(38.% 1$2.41"$3. ##1$221$&(.- + 1$2$ 1"'3./("2 -#(224$2
+3'.4&'$+$,$-3 181$2.41"$$5 +4 3(.-/1.&1 ,2 1$+(,(3$#(-3$1,2.%3'$ ,.4-3.% (-%.1, 3(.- 5 (+ !+$2$5$1 +2/$"(%("1$2$ 1"'04$23(.-26$1$#$5$+./$#3' 3".4+#!$42$#3. &4(#$ 3'$ (-(3( + (-5$23(& 3(.-2 .% -8 .!2$15$# "4+341 + 1$2.41"$2 '$ %.++.6(-& 1$2$ 1"'
04$23(.-23 *$(-3. "".4-33'$2(9$ -#+." 3(.-.%3'$/1.)$"3#(2"422$# !.5$

• -+." 3$#"4+341 +1$2.41"$2!$ 22."( 3$#6(3' 2/$"(%("3(,$/$1(.#/./4+ 3(.- .1(-#(5(#4 +
•. 3'$ 38/$2 .% -8 +." 3$# "4+341 + 1$2.41"$2 ++.6 2(3$ "3(5(38%4-"3(.- 3. !$ #$3$1,(-$#%1., /1$+(,(- 18(-5$23(& 3(.-' 3 1$3'$2(3$ "3(5(3($2' 3(2 3'$2(3$%4-"3(.-' 31$2.41"$26$1$$7/+.(3$#
•.6#.+." 3$#2(3$2".,/ 1$3..3'$121$/.13$#%1.,#(%%$1$-32415$82".-#4"3$#(- 3'$ 1$
•.6 #. +." 3$# 2(3$2 %(3 $7(23(-& ,.#$+2 .% 2$33+$,$-3 -# 24!2(23$-"$ %.1 5 ++$8 $-5(1.-,$-32.%3'$1$&(.-

3 3'$ 2415$8 +$5$+ 3'$ /1(-"(/ + 1$2$ 1"' .!)$"3(5$ (2 &$-$1 +(9$# (-5$23(& 3(.- .% "' -&(-& 2$33+$,$-3 / 33$1-2 (- !.3' 3'$ /1$'(23.1(" -# '(23.1(" /$1(.#2 6(3'(- 3'$ 234#8 1$

'$ .5$1 ++ &. + (2 3. 4-#$123 -# 2$33+$,$-3 -# 1$2.41"$ /1."41$,$-3 / 33$1-2 .% 3'$ /1.)$"3 1$ .""4/ -32
'$1$%.1$ #$04 3$(-%.1, 3(.-.-2(3$%4-"3(.-".-3$73 -#"'1.-.+.&8%1., - 1"' $.+.&(" + /$12/$"3(5$ (2 $22$-3( + %.1 3'$ (-5$23(& 3(.- '$ %($+#6.1* -# 1"'(5 +
1$2$ 1"'6$1$4-#$13 *$-6(3'3'$%.++.6(-&/1(, 181$2$ 1"'&. +2(-,(-#

.(#$-3(%8"4+341 +1$2.41"$2.""411(-&6(3'(-3'$/1.)$"3

2.0–2

. #$3$1,(-$ (% /.22(!+$ 2(3$ 38/$ -# %4-"3(.- ".-3$73 .% 3'$ 1$2.41"$2 -# "'1.-.+.&(" +/+ "$,$-3.%$ "'"4+341 +1$2.41"$(#$-3(%($#

./+ "$$ "'"4+341 +1$2.41"$(#$-3(%($#6(3'(- 1$&(.- +/$12/$"3(5$ -#

./1.5(#$1$".,,$-# 3(.-2%.13'$31$ 3,$-3.%$ "'"4+341 +1$2.41"$(#$-3(%($#

3.0–1

$.+);2:;8'28+95;8)+99:;*?5,:.+6850+):)549/9:+*5,'4/49:/:;:/54'28+)58*99+'8).'4* '4/4:+49/<+);2:;8'28+95;8)+9;8<+?5,:.++4:/8+
')8+6850+):$./99:;*?='9)54*;):+*/4
)54,583'4)+=/:.#+):/54

5,:.+'2/,584/' "'4*!#:':;:58?8+7;/8+3+4:95, ! #+):/54

=+8+ ,5225=+* ,58 :.+ /*+4:/,/)':/54 '4* +<'2;':/54 5, 8+95;8)+9 #6+)/,/)*+,/4/:/549,58'8).'+525-/)'28+95;8)+:?6+9;9+*/4:./98+658:'8+:.59++9:'(2/9.+*(? :.+#:':+/9:58/) 8+9+8<':/54,,/)+#

$.+ 9;8<+? 3+:.5*525-? +3625?+* *;8/4- :.+ );88+4: /4<+9:/-':/54 ,5225=+* 9:'4*'8* '8).'+525-/)'2 ,/+2* 685)+*;8+9 '4* ='9 9;,,/)/+4: :5 '))5362/9. ' :.585;-. '99+993+4: 5, :.+ 6850+): 850+):8).'+525-/9:4*8+='88/954'4*/8+):585,/+2*6+8':/5492'8+4)+5,, )54*;):+*:.+/4:+49/<+6+*+9:8/'49;8<+?54):5(+8

$.+,/+2*3+:.5*525-?+3625?+*
,58:.+6850+):/4)2;*+*='21/4-+<+42?96')+*9;8<+?:8'49+):99+:'6685>/3':+2? 3+:+89'6'8: =./2+</9;'22?/496+):/4-:.+-85;4*9;8,')+$.++4:/8+6850+):='9)5<+8+*(?:.+9;8<+?685)+99 '4*6.5:5-8'6.9=+8+:'1+4:5*5);3+4:6850+):)54*/:/549*;8/4-:.+9;8<+?

85;4* </9/(/2/:? *;8/4- :.+ 9;8<+? ='9 -+4+8'22? -55* =/:. '6685>/3':+2? :5
6+8)+4:5,:.+-85;4*9;8,')+</9/(2+ 2':+

A %+-+:':/54,5;4*=/:./4:.+6850+):)549/9:+*
5,)8+595:+)533;4/:?62'4:9'4*

59.;':8++9 2':+

A
$.+*8?='9.=./).);:9:.85;-.
:.+458:.+'9:+84)584+85,:.+6850+):'99++454:.+ '+8/'26.5:5-8'6.='9'295/*+4:/,/+*
*;8/4-:.+9;8<+?
$.+ 9;8<+? /*+4:/,/+* <'8/5;9 /36'):9 :5 :.+ 6856+8:? ;2:/62+ */8: '))+99 85'*9 '8+
25)':+*=/:./4:.+6850+):.5=+<+8:.+8+</+=5,./9:58/)'+8/'26.5:5-8'6.99++#+):/54 5,
:./98+658:/4*/)':+*:.'::.+*/8:'))+9985'*9'8+45:</9/(2+54:.+6856+8:?;4:/2',:+8 9'4* '8+ :.+8+,58+ 45: )549/*+8+* );2:;8'2 8+95;8)+9 8+7;/8/4- 8+)58*':/54 $.+ );2<+8: /4 :.+ 95;:.+'9:+84)584+8'4*'995)/':+*+'8:.+4*/:).'254-:.+95;:.+'9:+84(5;4*'8?'99++454:.+ '+8/'26.5:5-8'6.=+8+'29545:+* 2':+

A
99:':+*68+</5;92?:.+9+,+':;8+9'8+:/+*
:5:.+*+<+2563+4:5,:.+8+9/*+4:/'29;(*/</9/54)549:8;):+*(+:=++4 '4* 0;9:95;:.5, :.+6850+):4'**/:/546/2+95,6;9.+**/8:35*+84(;/2*/4-3':+8/'29'4*35*+84:8'9.=+8+ 45:+*:.85;-.5;::.+6850+):=/:.)54)+4:8':/5495,3':+8/'245:+*'254-:.+95;:.+84'4*+'9:+84 (5;4*'8/+9 2':+

A

3.0–2

"&

$ $%
"
"
!
#"!"

"&

$ $%
"
"
!
#"

3.0–3

"&
%
"

#$ "
"
"
"
"
!
#"!"

"
"
!
#"!"

"&
%
#! "

#

"
#

"
#
#""
"

"%!"

3.0–4

568+./9:58/)'8:/,'):9589/:+9=+8+/*+4:/,/+**;8/4-:.+9;8<+?5,:.+6850+):+96/:+ :.+ 68+</5;9 9:;*? (?
58=55* /4*/)':/4- :.+ 68+9+4)+ 5, :.8++ 65:+4:/'2 ./9:58/) :8'9. 9)'::+89=/:./4:.+6850+)::.+);88+4:9;8<+?/*+4:/,/+*:.+68+9+4)+5,'9/4-2+9)'::+85,./9:58/) 3':+8/'2/-;8+

A /<+4:.+'3(/-;/:?'4*2')15,*+:'/2685</*+*(?:.+ 58=55*
9:;*? /: ='9 45: 6599/(2+ :5 */8+):2? )588+9654* :.+ :8'9. 9)'::+8 /*+4:/,/+* *;8/4- :.+ );88+4: 9;8<+? =/:. '4? 5, :.59+ 68+</5;92? 45:+* (?
58=55* /4 9
58=55* 4+<+8
,583'22? 8+)58*+* '4? 5, :.+ 8+658:+* 8+95;8)+9 :.+ :8'9. 9)'::+8 25)':+* =/:./4 :.+ 9;(0+): 6856+8:?'96'8:5,:.+);88+4:9:;*?='98+)58*+*'9#/:+$+36 '))58*/4-:5:.+ B93'4;'2

;9/4- ",583966+4*/>

#/:+$+36 ='925)':+*/4:.+458:.+84:./8*5,:.+6850+):9/:;':+*

,++:+'9:5,;*954
#:8++:'4*

,++:95;:.5,'9: '23*'2+5;2+<'8*/4
(+:=++4:=5*/8:'))+9985'*9)8+':+*=/:./4:.+6856+8:? (+:=++4 '4*
/-;8+

A
#/:+ $+36
)549/9:95,'
(?
,55:9)'::+85,'6685>/3':+2?
<+4:.52+.52+/4:56'4*9'4/:'8?)'49-2'99'4*)+8'3/) ,8'-3+4:9 2':+9

A
'4*

A
(?
,55:
)54)+4:8':/545,3':+8/'2/945:+*/4:.+3/**2+5,:.+9/:+ '8+'/4*/)':/4-:.+/4/:/'26/2+5,8+,;9+='92/1+2?93'22+8 (;: .'9 (++4 */96+89+* (? =/4*9 +859/54 '4* :.+ +9:'(2/9.3+4: 5, */8: '))+99 85'*9 5<+8 :/3+ )259+ /496+):/545,:.+'8:/,'):9)'::+8'4*:.+9;885;4*/4-95/29 /4*/)':+9 :.': :.+ 9/:+ .'9 45 *+6:. $.+ 9/:+ .'9 )2+'82? (++4.+'</2?/36'):+*'954+/952':+*)'4,853:.+9/:+ ='9 /*+4:/,/+* '6685>/3':+2?
,++: 458:. 5, :.+
)54)+4:8':/540;9:458:.5,'*/8:'))+9985'* 2':+
A
;8:.+8:.+68+9+4)+5,(;22+:.52+9/43;2:/62+)'49 9;--+9::.':,;8:.+8*/96+89/545,:.+9)'::+8.'95));88+* '9'8+9;2:5,8;8'2:'8-+:9.55:/4-'):/</:/+9

3.0–5

3.0–6

3.0–7

%
"
"

" "

" ""

!
#"%!"

"&

$ $%
"

!
#"%!"

3.0–8
$.+ 68/3'8? '8:/,'): :?6+ /*+4:/,/+* ': #/:+ $+36 '8+ 3+:'2 <+4: .52+.52+/4:56 '4* 9'4/:'8?)'49$.+<+4:.52+.52+/4:56953+:/3+98+,+88+*:5'9952*+8*5:583':).9:/)1,/22+8 )'49'225=+*,58+>)+9935/9:;8+:5(+.+':+*5,,,/22+*)54:'/4+89:.85;-.:.+93'22.52+"5)1
2:.5;-.+'82/+8/:+8':/5495,:.+9+)'49(+)'3+656;2'8/4:.+ 9:.+?=+8+;9+*358+ +>:+49/<+2?(? +96+)/'22?,58)54*+49+*3/21"5)1 "+45

+88/::

?

)54*+49+*3/21='9952*'2359:+>)2;9/<+2?/4<+4:.52+.52+/4:56)'49=./).)54:/4;+* :5 (+ ;:/2/@+* :.85;-. :.+ 3/* 9 5=+<+8 (? :.+ 3/* 9 3'4? 3'4;,'):;8+89 .'*
9=/:).+*5<+8:59'4/:'8?)'49"5)1
"+45

+88/::

#'4/:'8?)'49=+8+,/89:
685*;)+* '85;4*
(+)'3+ 68+<'2+4: '85;4* :.+
9 '4* +4:/8+2? 8+62')/4- :.+ <+4:
.52+.52+/4:56 *+9/-4 *;8/4- :.+ 3/*
9 "5)1

+88/::

4 '**/:/54 :5 <+4:
.52+.52+/4:56'4*9'4/:'8?)'49')54+9.'6+*(++8)'4='9'29525)':+*=/:./4:.+9/:+'8+' $.+ )54+9.'6+* (++8 )'49 =+8+ )8+':+* /4

'4* ;:/2/@+* :.85;-. :.+
9 (+,58+ (+/4-
8+62')+*(?6;22:'()'49/4:.+ 9Romeo 2021 /<+4:.+2/3/:+*9/@+5,'99+3(2'-+,5;4*':$+36 /:/9)2+'8:.+8+95;8)+8+68+9+4:9' 9/4-2+ 8;8'2 *;36/4- +6/95*+ '4* 45: '4 +6/95*/) ;9+ 5, :.+ 25)':/54 ,58 :.+ *;36/4- 5, :8'9. 2:.5;-. :.+ -2'99 ,5;4* ': :.+ 9/:+ ='9 ,8'-3+4:+* 45 952'8/@+* -2'99 ='9 /*+4:/,/+* =./). -+4+8'22?)'4(+;9+*'9'-;/*+:5:+3658'22?62')+:8'9.9)'::+8968/58:5&582*&'8$.+:?6+9 5,)'49/*+4:/,/+*'::.+9/:+=+8+;:/2/@+*359:68+<'2+4:2?',:+8:.+ 9'4*
999:':+*
68+</5;92? :.+ 9;(0+): 6856+8:? */* 45: +<+8 )54:'/4 '4? 9:8;):;8+9 '4* :.+ 8+</+= 5, '+8/'2

6.5:5-8'6.9'4*3'699.5=:.':(+:=++4
'4*
:.+'2/-43+4:5,'9: '23*'2+<+4;+
='9)8+':+*'4*(?
:.+'2/-43+4:'66+'89:5.'<+(++46'<+*254-=/:.:.+'**/:/545, 5:.+8'))+9985'*9=/:./4'4*9;885;4*/4-:.+6850+):*;8/4-:.+3/*:52':+:=+4:/+:.)+4:;8? $+36 ='92/1+2?)8+':+*'9'8+9;2:5,/4)8+'9+*'))+99:5:.+6850+):25)':/54;8:.+8-/<+4 :.+68+9+4)+5,')54+:56(++8)'4'::.+9/:+:.+8+95;8)+359:2/1+2?*':+9:5(+:=++4:.+2':+
9'4*
9
'9+*54:.+8+</+=5,:.+./9:58/)3':+8/'29/*+4:/,/+*=/:./4:.+9/:+$+36 8+68+9+4:9 '9/4-2++6/95*+5,*/9659'2(+:=++4:.+2':+
9'4*
9$.+2')15,./9:58/)5));6':/545,
:.+6856+8:?'4*:.+4':;8+5,:8'49/+4:8;8'2*;36/4-/4*/)':+:.'::.+'8:/,'):9)'::+8)'445:(+ */8+):2?'995)/':+*=/:.'4?./9:58/)+<+4:958/4*/</*;'29#/:+$+36 /945:)549/*+8+*+2/-/(2+ ,58:.+""'9:.+9)'::+8*5+945:8+:'/4'4?'**/:/54'28+9+'8).<'2;+-/<+4:.+5(9+8<'(2+2')1 5,'9;(9;8,')+)53654+4::.+5<+8'222')15,/4:+-8/:?*+3549:8':+*(?68+</5/9/36'):9:5:.+ 8+95;8)+'4*:.+2/3/:+*/4,583':/54:.+./9:58/)'8:/,'):9)'4685</*+

4.0–1

'$ "3+230 + 0$1.30"$1 123#7 %.0 2'$

0.)$"2 5 1 ".,/+$2$# (- "".0# -"$
5(2' 2'$ (27 .% +,# +$ $-4(0.-,$-2 + /.+("($1 -# 1(&-(%(" -"$ $4 +3 2(.- "0(2$0( -$'(12.0("20 1'1" 22$0
(2$
$,/5 1(#$-2(%($#5(2'(-2'$/0.)$"2 1$#3/.- 0$4($5 .% 2'$ 130% "$ 11$,!+ &$
(2$
$,/ 0$/0$1$-21 1(-&+$ $/(1.#$ .% #(1/.1 + 5'("' .""300$# !$25$$-2'$+ 2$
1 -#

1
'$1(2$(1-.2".-1(#$0$#$+(&(!+$%.02'$
'.5$4$0
&(4$-2' 22'$, 2$0( +%.3-# 22'$1(2$(1.+#$02' - 7$ 01
' 1/0$/ 0$#2'$ //+(" !+$
%.0,1%.013!,(22 +2.2'$
1$$//$-#(6
'(+$ 2'$ "300$-2 123#7 #(# -.2 (#$-2(%7 -7 1(&-(%(" -2 '(12.0(" + 0$1.30"$1 5(2'(- 2'$ /0.)$"2 2'$ /0./$027 ' 1 !$$- (,/ "2$# !7 /0$4(.31 #$4$+./,$-2 .% #) "$-2 /0./$02($1 2'$ $12 !+(1',$-2 .% #(02 ""$11 0. #1 2'0.3&' 2'$ /0.)$"2 -# #(1/.1 + .% ,.#$0- 20 1' 302'$0 /0$4(.31123#($1(-#(" 2$#2'$/.11(!(+(27.%3/2.2'0$$'(12.0("20 1'1" 22$012' 2, 7' 4$.-"$ !$$ /0$1$-2 5(2'(- 2'$ 13!)$"2 /0./$027 .05..#

(2$
$,/ " --.2 !$
#(0$"2+72($#2. -7.%2'$0$1.30"$1%(012(#$-2(%($#!7.05..# -#(2(1/.11(!+$2' 2(,/ "212. 2'$ /0.)$"2 1(-"$ 2'$

123#7 ' 4$ #(1230!$# .0 .!1"30$# 2'.1$ 0$1.30"$1 - ##(2(.- +2'.3&'2'$0$".0#11$ 0"'#(#-.21'.5 -7/0$'(12.0("0$1.30"$10$".0#$#5(2'(-.-$,(+$.% 2'$/0.)$"22'$13!)$"2/0./$027#.$1".-2 (- #075 1'5'("'0$/0$1$-21 1$ 1.- +1.30"$.% 5 2$0
'$0$%.0$2'$/.2$-2( +%.02'$(-# 4$02$-2#(1".4$07.%/0$'(12.0("0$1.30"$1, 7$6(12

'$ /0./$027 12(++ ' 1 /.2$-2( + 2. 7($+# 0"' $.+.&(" + 0$1.30"$1 2' 2 , 7 ' 4$ !$$- .!1"30$# !7 2'$ /0$4(.31 (,/ "21 2. 2'$ /0./$027 1 0$13+2 (2 (1 0$".,,$-#$# 2' 2 - 0"' $.+.&(" +,.-(2.0!$/0$1$-2#30(-&%3230$&0.3-##(1230! -"$1 11."( 2$#5(2'2'$/0.)$"2

2. .!1$04$ &0 #(-& -# (#$-2(%7 -7 '(12.0(" .0 /0$'(12.0(" 0$1.30"$1 2' 2 , 7 !$ $6/.1$# !7 $ 02'5.0* .-(2.0(-& .% &0 #(-& (1 0$".,,$-#$# 1 ".-#(2(.- .% //0.4 + %.0 2'$ /0.)$"2

'$ ,.-(2.0(-& /0.&0 , 1'.3+# (-"+3#$ 2(4$ ,$0(" - .!1$04$01 .-+7 (- 2'$ $4$-2 2' 2 /0$'(12.0("#$/.1(21 0$#(1".4$0$#"./7.%2'(10$/.025(++!$13!,(22$#2.2'$ 2

3++$02.-

5.0–1

(
%"%
")+(,/&(%
(#
%(*
(% *-)(*/($&"
$,)*
*%( ($
#*

(
%"%
"
"-%(! -)%$+* / (% *
(
%"%
)*$(-
(()%$$
(*%(%

"&(*%$) "($%

(&%(**.*
-) &(&( / $(-
(()%$ $ ($ #*

#"/ %%$
('+)* *
(%()
)(
* *
*
+""(*%$ $ (* *
(&%(*
(&
)
$" *$
$
(&%(*&(%+*%$-)%$+*/ %+(*$/(

5.0–1

7,.6-?<9'3:8,=,9/:A077
:390,9

4>,908?6
9
"####%'
!%
"
"
"&

E
0/4>0/-C%:-0<>
04D0<&84>3=:94,9
9=>4>?>4:9*,=3492>:9

:9,</%0-0..,0>,7
?7>?<,7 %0=:?<.0= ==0==809> &:?>30<9 ,741:<94, ,= :8;,9C #<:;:=0/ 490

:= 92070= ,9/ &,9 0<9,</49: :?9>40= & ==:.4,>0= (9;?-74=30/ <0;:<> :9 1470 ,> >30 &:?>3 09><,7 :,=>,7
91:<8,>4:9 09>0<,> ,741:<94, &>,>0
(94@0<=4>C,>?770<>:9?770<>:9,741:<94,

?8607099&

##! # '

'
&
" #('
%"
#%"
?9>492>:9 4-<,<C #?-74.,>4:9=
&,9 ,<49:,741:<94,

%
<,1> 9@4<:9809>,7
8;,.> %0;:<> ,=>=4/0 090<,7 #7,9 809/809> #

(9;?-74=30/ <0;:<> :9 1470 ,> >30 &:?>3 09><,7 :,=>,7 91:<8,>4:9 09>0< ,>
,741:<94,&>,>0(94@0<=4>C,>?770<>:9?770<>:9,741:<94,
7099,9*4774,8&
:9.,@0-,=0/ ,9.0:7,>0 7?>0/ #<:50.>470 #:49>= 1<:8 ,741:<94, &'%*

@4/09.0 1:< , #,70:0,=>0<9 ?7>?<0 49 >30 &:?>3A0=>0<9 <0,> ,=49 9"' #$
* %
# #

#
'* &
#" $% 0/4>0/ -C %* %:-49=:9
,9.,=>0<

<009A::/%:-0<>,&,9/ 4.3,07
.
9>C<0
?7>?<,7 %0=:?<.0= "@0<@40A ,9/ ,9,20809> #7,9 1:< /A,</= 4< :<.0 ,=0 ,741:<94, ):7?80
"@0<@40A :1 4=>:<4. ?7>?<,7 %0=:?<.0= 9@4<:9809>,7 ,9,20809>"114.04<:<.07423>'0=>09>0</A,</=,741:<94,
,<<492>:9 ,<6%

#49>:&4>0,>4>>70,60,741:<94,#('
)&'(&(!$%& :=92070=

::@0< 47/<0/0<:%09=.3,9/>307%09=.3

&'#%
$#'& #
#%"
<0@40A0/ -C *4774,8 ! -07:0 &>,91:</ (94@0<=4>C #<0==&>,91:</,741:<94,

,9.,=>0<
'
0<9,9/0D*,C/:9',A=:9,9/,C3?<=>

0:7:24.8,;:1$?,>0<9,<C=?<14.4,7/0;:=4>=49=:?>30<9,741:<94,,9.,=>0< FB
F$?,/<,9270,741:<94,0:7:24.,7&?<@0C&;0.4,7%0;:<> #7,>0

5.0–2
0<<4>>3<4=>:;30<*

4=>:<4.<>41,.>?4/0(>,34@4=4:9:1&>,>04=>:<C&,7>,604>C(>,3
:<,>>: 4.3,07

#%"
%
# #
*.,/084.#<0==!0A+:<6

!:<A::/%4.3,</
,=>=4/0#&>?/C?7>?<,7%0=:?<.0=#C<,84/<.3,0:7:2C(9;?-74=30/<0;:<> :91470,>>30&:?>309><,7:,=>,7
91:<8,>4:909>0<,>,741:<94,&>,>0(94@0<=4>C
,>?770<>:9?770<>:9,741:<94,

#,/:90>3,9/&<:A9:@0<
?7>?<,7%0=:?<.0===0==809>%4>>0<%,9.3:=92070=:?9>C&==:.4,>0=

9. (9;?-74=30/ <0;:<> :9 1470 ,> >30 &:?>3 09><,7 :,=>,7 91:<8,>4:9 09>0< ,>
,741:<94,&>,>0(94@0<=4>C,>?770<>:9?770<>:9,741:<94,
#,78/,704>C4-<,<C

9>07:;0),770C4=>:<C70.><:94./:.?809>3>>;AAA;,78/,7074-<,<C:<2 34=>:<C;,<> =3>87,..0==0/<47

%09:%:9

%0@4=0/&48:90=,9,>492
0C
"
'():7 !: !0@,/,<.3,0:7:24.,7
==:.4,>4:9

%:-49=:9%:/20<*0/
#<034=>:<C :1 >30 9>07:;0 ),770C 9 "@0<@40A"' #$ * % # #

#
'*&
#" $%

%:.6
,80='

,9=49>30:?9><C=4/0

&'#%
%
# #
*):7?80

%:80:
0==

9 <.3,0:7:24=>F= ?4/0 >: 00< ,9=

* 70.><:94. /:.?809>
3>>;=/,47C5=>:<:<2,9,<.30:7:24=>=2?4/0>:-00<.,9= ,..0==0/ !:@08-0<

&>,>04=>:<4.#<0=0<@,>4:9"114.0&#"

"&'%('
#"& #% #%
"

&'#%
&#(%& "114.0 :1 4=>:<4. #<0=0<@,>4:9 &,.<,809>:

&>4.607,<C:4=*%:-0<>=,9/<4.*%4>>0<
9 "@0<@40A :1 >30 ?7>?<,7 %0=:?<.0= :1 >30 *0=>0<9 :5,@0 0=0<> ?7>?<,7 %0=:?<.0= #?-74.,>4:9= ?<0,? :1 ,9/ ,9,20809> ,741:<94,0=0<> 4=><4.> %4@0<=4/0,741:<94,

5.0–3
&?>>:9 ,<6$
&:80 =;0.>= :1
4>,908?6 #<034=>:<C
#(%" #
#%"
"
%' &
"
%
# #
*

*,<<097,?/0!,9/%:-0<><,-><00
4=>:<C :1 >30 &:?>3A0=>0<9 <0,
9
"## # '
#%'
!%
"
"
"&
):7?80 <0,>,=49*,<<09FD0@0/:@:70/*4774,8&>?<>0@,9>209 0/*,=3492>:9&84>3=:94,9
9=>4>?>4:9

*0-&:47&?<@0C

9 :97490 =:47 =?<@0C -<:A=0< 70.><:94. /:.?809> 3>>;=A0-=:47=?<@0C=.02:@?=/,2:@;;*0-&:47&?<@0C,=;B,..0==0/ !:@08-0<

BBrian F. Smith, MA
Owner, Principal Investigator
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.
14010 Poway Road Suite A
Phone: (858) 679-8218 Fax: (858) 679-9896 E-Mail: [email protected]

EEducation
Master of Arts, History, University of San Diego, California 1982 Bachelor of Arts, History, and Anthropology, University of San Diego, California 1975 Professional Memberships
Society for California Archaeology
Experience
Principal Investigator 1977–Present Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. Poway, California Brian F. Smith is the owner and principal historical and archaeological consultant for Brian F. Smith and Associates. Over the past 32 years, he has conducted over 2,500 cultural resource studies in California, Arizona, Nevada, Montana, and Texas. These studies include every possible aspect of archaeology from literature searches and large-scale surveys to intensive data recovery excavations. Reports prepared by Mr. Smith have been submitted to all facets of local, state, and federal review agencies, including the US Army Corps of Engineers, the Bureau of Land Management, the Bureau of Reclamation, the Department of Defense, and the Department of Homeland Security. In addition, Mr.

Smith has conducted studies for utility companies (Sempra Energy) and state highway departments (CalTrans).

Professional Accomplishments
These selected major professional accomplishments represent research efforts that have added significantly to the body of knowledge concerning the prehistoric life ways of cultures once present in the southern California area and historic settlement since the late 18th century. Mr. Smith has been principal investigator on the following select projects, except where noted.

Downtown San Diego Mitigation and Monitoring Reporting Programs: Large numbers of downtown San Diego mitigation and monitoring projects, some of which included Broadway Block (2019), 915 Grape Street (2019), 1919 Pacific Highway (2018), Moxy Hotel (2018), Makers Quarter Block D (2017), Ballpark Village (2017), 460 16th Street (2017), Kettner and Ash (2017), Bayside Fire Station (2017), Pinnacle on the Park (2017), IDEA1 (2016), Blue Sky San Diego (2016), Pacific Gate (2016), Pendry Hotel (2015), Cisterra Sempra Office Tower (2014), 15th and Island (2014), Park and G (2014), Comm 22 (2014), 7th and F Street Parking (2013), Ariel Suites (2013), 13th and Marker (2012), Strata (2008), Hotel Indigo (2008), Lofts at 707 10th Avenue Project (2007), Breeza (2007), Bayside at the Embarcadero (2007), Aria (2007), Icon (2007), Vantage Pointe (2007), Aperture (2007), Sapphire Tower (2007), Lofts at 655 Sixth Avenue (2007), Metrowork (2007), The Legend (2006), The Mark (2006), Smart Corner (2006), Lofts at 677 7 th Avenue
(2005), Aloft on Cortez Hill (2005), Front and Beech Apartments (2003), Bella Via Condominiums (2003), Acqua Vista Residential Tower (2003), Northblock Lofts (2003), Westin Park Place Hotel (2001), Parkloft BBrian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 2

Apartment Complex (2001), Renaissance Park (2001), and Laurel Bay Apartments (2001). 1900 and 1912 Spindrift Drive: An extensive data recovery and mitigation monitoring program at the Spindrift Site, an important prehistoric archaeological habitation site stretching across the La Jolla area. The project resulted in the discovery of over 20,000 artifacts and nearly 100,000 grams of bulk faunal remains and marine shell, indicating a substantial occupation area (2013-2014).

San Diego Airport Development Project: An extensive historic assessment of multiple buildings at the San Diego International Airport and included the preparation of Historic American Buildings Survey documentation to preserve significant elements of the airport prior to demolition (2017-2018).

Citracado Parkway Extension: A still-ongoing project in the city of Escondido to mitigate impacts to an important archaeological occupation site. Various archaeological studies have been conducted by BFSA resulting in the identification of a significant cultural deposit within the project area.

Westin Hotel and Timeshare (Grand Pacific Resorts): Data recovery and mitigation monitoring program in the city of Carlsbad consisted of the excavation of 176 one-square-meter archaeological data recovery units which produced thousands of prehistoric artifacts and ecofacts, and resulted in the preservation of a significant prehistoric habitation site. The artifacts recovered from the site presented important new data about the prehistory of the region and Native American occupation in the area (2017).

The Everly Subdivision Project: Data recovery and mitigation monitoring program in the city of El Cajon resulted in the identification of a significant prehistoric occupation site from both the Late Prehistoric and Archaic Periods, as well as producing historic artifacts that correspond to the use of the property since 1886. The project produced an unprecedented quantity of artifacts in comparison to the area encompassed by the site, but lacked characteristics that typically reflect intense occupation, indicating that the site was used intensively for food processing (2014-2015).

Ballpark Village: A mitigation and monitoring program within three city blocks in the East Village area of San Diego resulting in the discovery of a significant historic deposit. Nearly 5,000 historic artifacts and over 500,000 grams of bulk historic building fragments, food waste, and other materials representing an occupation period between 1880 and 1917 were recovered (2015-2017).

Archaeology at the Padres Ballpark: Involved the analysis of historic resources within a seven-block area of the “East Village” area of San Diego, where occupation spanned a period from the 1870s to the 1940s. Over a period of two years, BFSA recovered over 200,000 artifacts and hundreds of pounds of metal, construction debris, unidentified broken glass, and wood. Collectively, the Ballpark Project and the other downtown mitigation and monitoring projects represent the largest historical archaeological program anywhere in the country in the past decade (2000-2007). 4S Ranch Archaeological and Historical Cultural Resources Study: Data recovery program consisted of the excavation of over 2,000 square meters of archaeological deposits that produced over one million artifacts, containing primarily prehistoric materials. The archaeological program at 4S Ranch is the largest archaeological study ever undertaken in the San Diego County area and has produced data that has exceeded expectations regarding the resolution of long-standing research questions and regional prehistoric settlement patterns.

Charles H. Brown Site: Attracted international attention to the discovery of evidence of the antiquity of man in North America. Site located in Mission Valley, in the city of San Diego.

Del Mar Man Site: Study of the now famous Early Man Site in Del Mar, California, for the San Diego Science Foundation and the San Diego Museum of Man, under the direction of Dr. Spencer Rogers and Dr. James R. Moriarty.

BBrian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 3

Old Town State Park Projects: Consulting Historical Archaeologist. Projects completed in the Old Town State Park involved development of individual lots for commercial enterprises. The projects completed in Old Town include Archaeological and Historical Site Assessment for the Great Wall Cafe (1992), Archaeological Study for the Old Town Commercial Project (1991), and Cultural Resources Site Survey at the Old San Diego Inn (1988).

Site W-20, Del Mar, California: A two-year-long investigation of a major prehistoric site in the Del Mar area of the city of San Diego. This research effort documented the earliest practice of religious/ceremonial activities in San Diego County (circa 6,000 years ago), facilitated the projection of major non-material aspects of the La Jolla Complex, and revealed the pattern of civilization at this site over a continuous period of 5,000 years. The report for the investigation included over 600 pages, with nearly 500,000 words of text, illustrations, maps, and photographs documenting this major study.

City of San Diego Reclaimed Water Distribution System: A cultural resource study of nearly 400 miles of pipeline in the city and county of San Diego.

Master Environmental Assessment Project, City of Poway: Conducted for the City of Poway to produce a complete inventory of all recorded historic and prehistoric properties within the city. The information was used in conjunction with the City’s General Plan Update to produce a map matrix of the city showing areas of high, moderate, and low potential for the presence of cultural resources. The effort also included the development of the City’s Cultural Resource Guidelines, which were adopted as City policy.

Draft of the City of Carlsbad Historical and Archaeological Guidelines: Contracted by the City of Carlsbad to produce the draft of the City’s historical and archaeological guidelines for use by the Planning Department of the City.

The Mid-Bayfront Project for the City of Chula Vista: Involved a large expanse of undeveloped agricultural land situated between the railroad and San Diego Bay in the northwestern portion of the city. The study included the analysis of some potentially historic features and numerous prehistoric

Cultural Resources Survey and Test of Sites Within the Proposed Development of the Audie Murphy Ranch, Riverside County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of 1,113.4 acres and 43 sites, both prehistoric and historic—included project coordination; direction of field crews; evaluation of sites for significance based on County of Riverside and CEQA guidelines; assessment of cupule, pictograph, and rock shelter sites, co-authoring of cultural resources project report.

February- September 2002.

Cultural Resources Evaluation of Sites Within the Proposed Development of the Otay Ranch Village 13 Project, San Diego County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of 1,947 acres and 76 sites, both prehistoric and historic—included project coordination and budgeting; direction of field crews; assessment of sites for significance based on County of San Diego and CEQA guidelines; co- authoring of cultural resources project report. May-November 2002.

Cultural Resources Survey for the Remote Video Surveillance Project, El Centro Sector, Imperial County:

Project manager/director for a survey of 29 individual sites near the U.S./Mexico Border for proposed video surveillance camera locations associated with the San Diego Border barrier Project—project coordination and budgeting; direction of field crews; site identification and recordation; assessment of potential impacts to cultural resources; meeting and coordinating with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Border Patrol, and other government agencies involved; co-authoring of cultural resources project report. January, February, and July 2002.

Cultural Resources Survey and Test of Sites Within the Proposed Development of the Menifee West GPA, Riverside County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of nine sites, both prehistoric and historic—included project coordination and budgeting; direction of field crews; assessment of sites BBrian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 4

for significance based on County of Riverside and CEQA guidelines; historic research; co-authoring of cultural resources project report. January-March 2002.

Cultural Resources Survey and Test of Sites Within the Proposed French Valley Specific Plan/EIR, Riverside County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of two prehistoric and three historic sites—included project coordination and budgeting; survey of project area; Native American consultation; direction of field crews; assessment of sites for significance based on CEQA guidelines; cultural resources project report in prep. July-August 2000.

Cultural Resources Survey and Test of Sites Within the Proposed Development of the Menifee Ranch, Riverside County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of one prehistoric and five historic sites—included project coordination and budgeting; direction of field crews; feature recordation; historic structure assessments; assessment of sites for significance based on CEQA guidelines; historic research; co-authoring of cultural resources project report. February-June 2000.

Salvage Mitigation of a Portion of the San Diego Presidio Identified During Water Pipe Construction for the City of San Diego, California: Project archaeologist/director—included direction of field crews; development and completion of data recovery program; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis and authoring of cultural resources project report in prep. April 2000.

Enhanced Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation for the Tyrian 3 Project, La Jolla, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of a single-dwelling parcel—included project coordination; assessment of parcel for potentially buried cultural deposits; authoring of cultural resources project report. April 2000.

Enhanced Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation for the Lamont 5 Project, Pacific Beach, California:

Project manager/director of the investigation of a single-dwelling parcel—included project coordination; assessment of parcel for potentially buried cultural deposits; authoring of cultural resources project report. April 2000.

Enhanced Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation for the Reiss Residence Project, La Jolla, California:

Salvage Mitigation of a Portion of Site SDM-W-95 (CA-SDI-211) for the Poinsettia Shores Santalina Development Project and Caltrans, Carlsbad, California: Project archaeologist/ director—included direction of field crews; development and completion of data recovery program; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis and authoring of cultural resources project report in prep. December 1999-January 2000.

Survey and Testing of Two Prehistoric Cultural Resources for the Airway Truck Parking Project, Otay Mesa, California: Project archaeologist/director—included direction of field crews; development and completion of testing recovery program; assessment of site for significance based on CEQA guidelines; authoring of cultural resources project report, in prep. December 1999-January 2000.

Cultural Resources Phase I and II Investigations for the Tin Can Hill Segment of the Immigration and Naturalization Services Triple Fence Project Along the International Border, San Diego County, California:

Project manager/director for a survey and testing of a prehistoric quarry site along the border—NRHP eligibility assessment; project coordination and budgeting; direction of field crews; feature recordation; meeting and coordinating with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; co-authoring of cultural resources project report. December 1999-January 2000.

BBrian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 5

Mitigation of a Prehistoric Cultural Resource for the Westview High School Project for the City of San Diego, California: Project archaeologist/ director—included direction of field crews; development and completion of data recovery program including collection of material for specialized faunal and botanical analyses; assessment of sites for significance based on CEQA guidelines; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis; co-authoring of cultural resources project report, in prep. October 1999-January 2000.

Mitigation of a Prehistoric Cultural Resource for the Otay Ranch SPA-One West Project for the City of Chula Vista, California: Project archaeologist/director—included direction of field crews; development of data recovery program; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; assessment of site for significance based on CEQA guidelines; data synthesis; authoring of cultural resources project report, in prep. September 1999-January 2000.

Monitoring of Grading for the Herschel Place Project, La Jolla, California: Project archaeologist/ monitor— included monitoring of grading activities associated with the development of a single- dwelling parcel.

September 1999.

Survey and Testing of a Historic Resource for the Osterkamp Development Project, Valley Center, California: Project archaeologist/ director—included direction of field crews; development and completion of data recovery program; budget development; assessment of site for significance based on CEQA guidelines; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis; authoring of cultural resources project report. July-August 1999.

Survey and Testing of a Prehistoric Cultural Resource for the Proposed College Boulevard Alignment Project, Carlsbad, California: Project manager/director —included direction of field crews; development and completion of testing recovery program; assessment of site for significance based on CEQA guidelines; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis; authoring of cultural resources project report, in prep. July-August 1999.

Survey and Evaluation of Cultural Resources for the Palomar Christian Conference Center Project, Palomar Mountain, California: Project archaeologist—included direction of field crews; assessment of sites for significance based on CEQA guidelines; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis; authoring of cultural resources project report. July-August 1999.

Survey and Evaluation of Cultural Resources at the Village 2 High School Site, Otay Ranch, City of Chula Vista, California: Project manager/director —management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; assessment of site for significance based on CEQA guidelines; data synthesis; authoring of cultural resources project report. July 1999.

Cultural Resources Phase I, II, and III Investigations for the Immigration and Naturalization Services Triple Fence Project Along the International Border, San Diego County, California: Project manager/director for the survey, testing, and mitigation of sites along border—supervision of multiple field crews, NRHP eligibility assessments, Native American consultation, contribution to Environmental Assessment document, lithic and marine shell analysis, authoring of cultural resources project report.

August 1997- January 2000.

Phase I, II, and II Investigations for the Scripps Poway Parkway East Project, Poway California: Project archaeologist/project director—included recordation and assessment of multicomponent prehistoric and historic sites; direction of Phase II and III investigations; direction of laboratory analyses including prehistoric and historic collections; curation of collections; data synthesis; coauthorship of final cultural resources report. February 1994; March-September 1994; September-December 1995.

AAndrew J. Garrison, MA, RPA
Project Archaeologist
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.
14010 Poway Road Suite A
Phone: (858) 679-8218 Fax: (858) 679-9896 E-Mail: [email protected]

EEducation
Master of Arts, Public History, University of California, Riverside 2009 Bachelor of Science, Anthropology, University of California, Riverside 2005 Bachelor of Arts, History, University of California, Riverside 2005 Professional Memberships
Register of Professional Archaeologists
Society for California Archaeology
Society for American Archaeology
California Council for the Promotion of History
Society of Primitive Technology
Lithic Studies Society
California Preservation Foundation
Pacific Coast Archaeological Society
Experience
Project Archaeologist June 2017–Present Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. Poway, California Project management of all phases of archaeological investigations for local, state, and federal agencies including National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) level projects interacting with clients, sub-consultants, and lead agencies. Supervise and perform fieldwork including archaeological survey, monitoring, site testing, comprehensive site records checks, and historic building assessments. Perform and oversee technological analysis of prehistoric lithic assemblages. Author or co-author cultural resource management reports submitted to private clients and lead agencies.

Senior Archaeologist and GIS Specialist 2009–2017 Scientific Resource Surveys, Inc. Orange, California Served as Project Archaeologist or Principal Investigator on multiple projects, including archaeological monitoring, cultural resource surveys, test excavations, and historic building assessments. Directed projects from start to finish, including budget and personnel hours proposals, field and laboratory direction, report writing, technical editing, Native American consultation, and final report submittal.

Oversaw all GIS projects including data collection, spatial analysis, and map creation.

Preservation Researcher 2009 City of Riverside Modernism Survey Riverside, California Completed DPR Primary, District, and Building, Structure and Object Forms for five sites for a grant- funded project to survey designated modern architectural resources within the City of Riverside.

BBrian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 2

Information Officer 2005, 2008–2009 Eastern Information Center (EIC), University of California, Riverside Riverside, California Processed and catalogued restricted and unrestricted archaeological and historical site record forms.

Conducted research projects and records searches for government agencies and private cultural resource firms.

Reports/Papers
2019 A Class III Archaeological Study for the Tusc any Valley (TM 33725) Project National Historic Preservation Act Section 106 Compliance, Lake Elsinore, Riverside County, California.

Contributing author. Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.

2019 A Phase I and II Cultural Resources Assessment for the Jack Rabbit Trail Logistics Center Project, City of Beaumont, Riverside County, California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.

2019 A Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment for the 10575 Foothill Boulevard Project, Rancho Cucamonga, California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.

2019 Cultural Resources Study for the County Road and East End Avenue Project, City of Chino, San Bernardino County, California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.

2019 Phase II Cultural Resource Study for the McElwa in Project, City of Murrieta, California.

Contributing author. Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.

2019 A Section 106 (NHPA) Historic Resources Study for the McElwain Project, City of Murrieta, Riverside County, California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.

2018 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Sewe r Group 818 Project, City of San Diego. Brian F.

Smith and Associates, Inc.

2018 Phase I Cultural Resource Survey for the Stone Residence Project, 1525 Buckingham Drive, La Jolla, California 92037. Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.

2018 A Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment for t he Seaton Commerce Center Project, Riverside County, California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.

2017 A Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment for the Marb ella Villa Project, City of Desert Hot Springs, Riverside County, California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.

2017 Phase I Cultural Resources Survey for TTM 37109, Ci ty of Jurupa Valley, County of Riverside. Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.

2017 A Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment for the Winchester Dollar General Store Project, Riverside County, California. Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.

2016 John Wayne Airport Jet Fuel Pipeline and Tank Fa rm Archaeological Monitoring Plan. Scientific Resource Surveys, Inc. On file at the County of Orange, California.

2016 Historic Resource Assessment for 220 South Bata via Street, Orange, CA 92868 Assessor’s Parcel Number 041-064-4. Scientific Resource Surveys, Inc. Submitted to the City of Orange as part of BBrian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 3

Mills Act application.
2015 Historic Resource Report: 807-813 Harvard Boulevard, Los Angeles. Scientific Resource Surveys, Inc. On file at the South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton.

2015 Exploring a Traditional Rock Cairn: Test Excava tion at CA-SDI-13/RBLI-26: The Rincon Indian Reservation, San Diego County, California. Scientific Resource Surveys, Inc.

2014 Archaeological Monitoring Results: The New Lo s Angeles Federal Courthouse. Scientific Resource Surveys, Inc. On file at the South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton.

2012 Bolsa Chica Archaeological Project Volume 7, Te chnological Analysis of Stone Tools, Lithic Technology at Bolsa Chica: Reduction Maintenance and Experimentation. Scientific Resource Surveys, Inc.

Presentations
2017 “Repair and Replace: Lithic Production Behavior as Indicated by the Debitage Assemblage from CA-MRP-283 the Hackney Site.” Presented at the Society for California Archaeology Annual Meeting, Fish Camp, California.

2016 “Bones, Stones, and Shell at Bolsa Chica: A Cere monial Relationship?” Presented at the Society for California Archaeology Annual Meeting, Ontario, California.

2016 “Markers of Time: Exploring Transitions in the Bo lsa Chica Assemblage.” Presented at the Society for California Archaeology Annual Meeting, Ontario, California.

2016 “Dating Duress: Understanding Prehistoric Climat e Change at Bolsa Chica.” Presented at the Society for California Archaeology Annual Meeting, Ontario, California.

2014 “New Discoveries from an Old Collection: Co mparing Recently Identified OGR Beads to Those Previously Analyzed from the Encino Village Site.” Presented at the Society for California Archaeology Annual Meeting, Visalia, California.

2012 Bolsa Chica Archaeology: Part Seven: Cultur e and Chronology. Lithic demonstration of experimental manufacturing techniques at the April meeting of The Pacific Coast Archaeological Society, Irvine, California.

Appendix C2
Paleontological Assessment

) ## "
&"

#!!#"&#( )%('
!% #
#%"

'+#
!

%%

*+
!
#%"

")%#"!"' %)&
%"" #!$"+
#*+#('

#*+
#%"

%$ " %7--(29;1:
$$.6279!*4.76;74702:;*42/7962*
!97/.::276*4.74702:;7

#%
$

"
$6=29765.6;*4$.9=2,.:*!.9.662*4758*6@

!7>*@#7*-$<2;.
!7>*@*42/7962*

! "$$ ,;7+.9

! "$
$
!*4.76;74702,*4::.::5.6;/79;1.%%

!973.,;2;@7/
!*45-*4.
7:60.4.:7<6;@*42/7962*

"!"
#*=.44774-260:6,

'244*0.75576:7<4.=*9-$<2;.
*5*92447*42/7962*

"!" "2;@7/!*45-*4.

$2.99*201>*@
!*45-*4.*42/7962*

"!"(92*6$52;1*6-::7,2*;.:6,

!7>*@#7*-$<2;.
!7>*@*42/7962*

#### ")#
"

%
"

%"
$.,;276
%7>6:12879;1#*60. (.:;7/;1.&$$

"<*-9*604.

$%("8897?25*;.4@
*,9.:

( "# !*4.76;74702,*4*::.::5.6;747,.6.*6-!4.2:;7,.6.*44<=2*4 /*6-.87:2;:5762;792609.,755.6-.-2;@7/!*45-*4.

%# &%
% #&
% #)$%% $$

"

$(

)
'!
%

#$ &#$

$

##

$("
'!
%

$$%'%)

&"&
'

" ##

$"#
$(

####
$ '
&$ $#

% $ '#%% '##$

88.6-2?A"<*42/2,*;276:7/
.@!.9:766.4
88.6-2?A7::24
7,*42;@$.*9,1#.879;

20<9. .6.9*4
7,*;276
*8
20<9.
!973.,;
7,*;276
*8
20<9.
.74702,
*8

?0;4>=C>;>6820;A4B>DA240BB4BB<4=C70B144=2><?;4C435>AC74 )4=C0C8E4)A02C"0? ))"

%A>942C;>20C43B>DC740BC>5C748=C4AB42C8>=>5
(CA44C0BC0=30BC%0;<30;4
>D;4E0A3 8= C74 28CH >5 %0;<30;4 !>B =64;4B >D=CH 0;85>A=80 86DA4B
0=3
)74
0??A>G8<0C4;H

02A4?A>942C2>=B8BCB>5>=4?0A24;834=C858430BBB4BB>AMB%0A24;#D<14A

$= C74 *=8C43 (C0C4B
4>;>6820; (DAE4H <8=DC4

B20;4

C>?>6A0?782@D03A0=6;4<0?C74?A>942C8B;>20C438=(42C8>= )>F=B78?#>AC7
'0=64

,4BC >5 C74 (0= 4A=0A38=> 0B4;8=4 0=3 "4A8380= )74 ?A>942C ?A>?>B4B C74 2>=BCAD2C8>=>50;>CA4B834=C80;BD138E8B8>=F8C7>=4BC>A<F0C4A34C4=C8>=10B8=>=42><<>= ;>C0=30BB>280C438=5A0BCAD2CDA4DAA4=C;HC74?A>?4ACH8BD=34E4;>?43 BC74;403064=2HC748CH>5%0;<30;470BA4@D8A43C74?A4?0A0C8>=>50?0;4>=C>;>6820; 0BB4BB<4=C C> 4E0;D0C4 C74 ?A>942CMB ?>C4=C80; C> H84;3 ?0;4>=C>;>6820; A4B>DA24B )74 ?0;4>=C>;>6820;0BB4BB<4=C>5C74?A>942C8=2;D3430A4E84F>5?0;4>=C>;>6820;;8C4A0CDA40=35>BB8; ;>20;8CH A42>A3B 5>A 0 ?A4E8>DB ?A>942C 8= C74 0A40 0 A4E84F >5 C74 D=34A;H8=6 64>;>6H 0=3 A42><<4=30C8>=BC><8C860C48<?02CBC>?>C4=C80;?0;4>=C>;>6820;A4B>DA24B85=424BB0AH

)740;85>A=80=E8A>=<4=C0;&D0;8CH2C&F78278B?0CC4A=4305C4AC74#0C8>=0; =E8A>=<4=C0;%>;82H2C8BC74>E4AA838=64=E8A>=<4=C0;A46D;0C8>=C70CB4CBC74A4@D8A4<4=C5>A ?A>C42C8=6 0;85>A=80MB ?0;4>=C>;>6820; A4B>DA24B & <0=30C4B C70C 6>E4A=8=6 ?4A<8CC8=6 064=284B ;403 064=284B B4C C748A >F= 6D834;8=4B 5>A C74 ?A>C42C8>= >5 =>=A4=4F01;4 ?0;4>=C>;>6820;A4B>DA24BD=34AC748A9DA8B382C8>=

*=34AK
D834;8=4B5>A<?;4<4=C0C8>=>5C740;85>A=80=E8A>=<4=C0;&D0;8CH2CL0B 0<4=3438=424<14A

0;85>A=80>34>5'46D;0C8>=B-'.)8C;4
8E8B8>=70?C4A

(42C8>=B

4CB4@?A>243DA4B3458=4C74CH?4B>502C8E8C84B?4AB>=B0=3?D1;82064=284B A4@D8A43C>2><?;HF8C7&(42C8>=

>5C74'?A>E834B0?A>24BB1HF78270;403
064=2H <0H A4E84F 0 ?A>942CMB ?>C4=C80; 8<?02C C> C74 4=E8A>=<4=C F74C74A C74 8<?02CB 0A4 B86=85820=C0=3?A>E834A42><<4=30C8>=B85=424BB0AH

4 =&MB=E8A>=<4=C0;742:;8BC
>A<>=4>5C74@D4BC8>=BC>0=BF4A8BK,>D;3C74
?A>942C38A42C;H>A8=38A42C;H34BCA>H0D=8@D4?0;4>=C>;>6820;A4B>DA24>AB8C4>AD=8@D464>;>682 540CDA4L??4=38G
(42C8>=+%0AC5)78B8BC>4=BDA42><?;80=24F8C70;85>A=80%D1;82 '4B>DA24B>34(42C8>=
C74;0FC70C?A>C42CB=>=A4=4F01;4A4B>DA24B8=2;D38=65>BB8;B F78278B?0A0?7A0B4314;>F

0?4AB>=B70;;=>C:=>F8=6;H0=3F8;;5D;;H4G20E0C4D?>=>AA4<>E434BCA>H 8=9DA4>A3450240=H78BC>A82>A?A478BC>A82AD8=B1DA80;6A>D=3B0A2704>;>6820; >A E4AC41A0C4 ?0;4>=C>;>6820; B8C4 8=2;D38=6 5>BB8;8I43 5>>C?A8=CB 8=B2A8?C8>=B <0341H7D<0=064=2HA>2:0AC>A0=H>C74A0A2704>;>6820;?0;4>=C>;>6820; >A 78BC>A820; 540CDA4 B8CD0C43 >= ?D1;82 ;0=3B 4G24?C F8C7 C74 4G?A4BB ?4A<8BB8>=>5C74?D1;82064=2H70E8=69DA8B382C8>=>E4ABD27;0=3B 1B DB43 8= C78B B42C8>= K?D1;82 ;0=3BL <40=B ;0=3B >F=43 1H >A D=34A C74 9DA8B382C8>= >5 C74 BC0C4 >A 0=H 28CH 2>D=CH 38BCA82C 0DC7>A8CH >A ?D1;82 2>A?>A0C8>=>A0=H064=2HC74A4>5
2E8>;0C8>=>5C78BB42C8>=8B0<8B34<40=>A

!

)74 =E8A>=<4=C0; '4B>DA24B ;4<4=C >5 C74
4=4A0; %;0= >5 C748CH >5 %0;<30;4
033A4BB4B C74 A4;0C43 8BBD4B >5 A4B>DA24 2>=B4AE0C8>= 0=3 >?4=B?024 0=3 ?A>E834B 0 10B8B C> 4E0;D0C4 4G8BC8=6 A4B>DA24B 0=3 ?;0= 5>A C748A ?A>C42C8>= 8CH >5 %0;<30;4
= C74
=E8A>=<4=C0;'4B>DA24B;4<4=C%>;82H'

BC0C4B

'4@D8A4 C70C =4F 34E4;>?<4=C ?A>C42C B86=85820=C 78BC>A82 ?0;4>=C>;>6820; >A 0A2704>;>6820; A4B>DA24B >A ?A>E834 5>A >C74A 0??A>?A80C4 <8C860C8>=8CH>5%0;<30;4

'

)748CHF8;;8<?;4<4=CC74?>;82H0B5>;;>FB

)748CHF8;;<0?0;;:=>F=78BC>A820A2704>;>6820;0=3 ?0;4>=C>;>6820;A4B>DA24B0=34=BDA4C74?A>C42C8>=>5C74B4A4B>DA24B)748CH F8;;A4E84F?;0=B5>A34E4;>?<4=C8=?>C4=C80;;HB4=B8C8E40A40B4E4;>?<4=C8= ?0;4>=C>;>6820;;H 0=3 0A2704>;>6820;;H B4=B8C8E4 0A40B F74A4 8<?02CB 20==>C 14 <8C860C43F8;;1438B2>DA06438CH>5%0;<30;4

'

??;820C8>=B>5?0;4>=C>;>6820;A4B>DA24B4=B8C8E8CHC>64>;>6825>A<0C8>=B1HC748CH>5 %0;<30;40A4BD<<0A8I438=(42C8>=+>5C78BA4?>AC
)74 8CH >5 %0;<30;4 A424=C;H ?D1;8B743 0 A05C =E8A>=<4=C0; <?02C '4?>AC C70C 834=C8584B8<?02CBC>?0;4>=C>;>6820;A4B>DA24BF>D;314;4BBC70=B86=85820=CF8C7<8C860C8>=8CH

5 >5%0;<30;4

(8=24C74?>C4=C80;5>A03E4AB48<?02CBC>?0;4>=C>;>6820;A4B>DA24B 3DA8=6 2>=BCAD2C8>=A4;0C43 40AC738BCDA10=24 02C8E8C84B 4G8BCB "8C860C8>= "40BDA4 $

?A4B4=C4314;>F8BA4@D8A43

5 ?0;4>=C>;>6820; A4B>DA24B 0A4 4=2>D=C4A43 3DA8=6 6A>D=338BCDA18=6 02C8E8C84B F>A:F8C78=
544CB70;;1470;C430=3C74?A>942C?0;4>=C>;>68BCB70;;8<<4380C4;H 4E0;D0C4 C74 58=3 5 =424BB0AH C74 4E0;D0C8>= <0H A4@D8A4 ?A4?0A0C8>= >5 0 CA40C<4=C?;0=0=3?0;4>=C>;>6820;C4BC8=65C7438B2>E4AH?A>E4BC>14B86=85820=C D=34A & 0=3 20==>C 14 0E>8343 1H C74 ?A>942C 0338C8>=0; F>A: <0H 14 F0AA0=C43BD270B30C0A42>E4AH4G20E0C8>=C><8C860C40=HB86=85820=C8<?02CBC> 78BC>A820; A4B>DA24B =H A4?>ACB A4@D8A43 C> 3>2D<4=C 0=3 >A4E0;D0C4 D=0=C828?0C4338B2>E4A84BB70;;14BD1<8CC43C>C748CH>5%0;<30;45>AA4E84F0=3 0??A>E0;'42><<4=30C8>=B2>=C08=43C74A48=B70;;148<?;4<4=C43C7A>D67>DC C74A4<08=34A>56A>D=338BCDA10=2402C8E8C84B8CH>5%0;<30;4

BB7>F=>=
86DA4
C74?A>942C>E4A;84B;0C4
>;>24=406430;;DE80;50=34?>B8CB?0;4
6A44=0A40B;014;43K&5L05C4A!0=20BC4A4C0;

)740;;DE80;50=34?>B8CB0A434B2A81430B
D=2>=B>;830C43B8;CB0=36A0E4;2>11;4B0=31>D;34AB >;>24=4C>;0C4%;48BC>24=40643H>D=6
0;;DE80;50=34?>B8CB?0;4H4;;>F0A40B;014;43K&H5L0A4<0??438<<4380C4;HF4BC>5C74?A>942C

%0;4>=C>;>6820;A4B>DA24B0A4C74A4<08=B>5?A478BC>A82;854C70C70E4144=?A4B4AE438= 64>;>682BCA0C0)74B4A4<08=B0A420;;435>BB8;B0=38=2;D341>=4BB74;;BC44C70=3?;0=CA4<08=B 8=2;D38=6C748A8<?A4BB8>=B20BCB0=3<>;3B8=C74B438<4=C0AH<0CA8G0BF4;;0BCA0245>BB8;B BD270B5>>C?A8=CB0=31DAA>FB
>BB8;B0A42>=B834A43>;34AC70=

H40AB>5064(>284CH>5
+4AC41A0C4%0;4>=C>;>6H-(+%.

1DC<0H8=2;D34H>D=64AA4<08=BBD15>BB8;BF74=E84F43 8=C742>=C4GC>5;>20;4GC8=2C8>=>5C74>A60=8B<>A7018C0C5>A4G0<?;4 >BB8;B0A42>=B834A430
=>=A4=4F01;4A4B>DA24D=34ABC0C40=3;>20;6D834;8=4BB44(42C8>=

!

?0;4>=C>;>6820;A42>A3BB40A27F0B?4A5>A<431HC74!>B=64;4B>D=CH"DB4D<>5 #0CDA0;
8BC>AH !" 5>A 0 ?A8>A ?A>942C ;>20C43 =40A %0;<30;4 867 (27>>; 4;;

0CC02743)74A42>A3B40A278=3820C43C742;>B4BC;>20;8CH8B0??A>G8<0C4;HCF>C>C7A44<8;4BC> C74B>DC740BC>5C742DAA4=C?A>942C2>=B8BC8=6>5%;48BC>24=4<82A>E4AC41A0C4BA4?A4B4=C431HC74 5>BB8;8I43 1>=4B >5 A4?C8;4B <0<<0;B 0=3 18A3B !" ;>2B J
)74B4 ;>20;8C84B
A0=643 8= 34?C7 5A>< C74 =40ABDA5024 C> =8=4 544C 1DC 0A4 <0??43 8= 0A40B 834=C85843 0B ;0C4

>;>24=40;;DE80;50=34?>B8CB!0=20BC4A4C0;

8<?;H8=6C70C0C;40BCB><4%;48BC>24=4
064334?>B8CB0A4E4AH=40AC74BDA5024F8C70<8=8<0;2>E4A>5 >;>24=434?>B8CB)74A4<08=8=6
5>BB8;;>20;8C84B;8BC431H4;;

0A4B4E4A0;<8;4B38BC0=C<>BC;H8==>AC74A=!0=20BC4A0=3 14H>=3
'42>A3 B40A274B ?4A5>A<43 1H C74 (0= 4A=0A38=> >D=CH "DB4D< (" 5>A ?A8>A ?A>942CB1HA80=
(<8C70=3BB>280C4B8=3820C4C74=40A4BC5>BB8;;>20;8C84B8=B8<8;0A34?>B8CB 0BC74?A>942C0A4;>20C4314CF44=58E40=3B8G<8;4BC>C74F4BC=>AC7F4BC2>=B8BC8=6>540A;H

>;>24=40=3;0C4%;48BC>24=40643;8I0A3B18A3B0=3<0<<0;B8=2;D38=6A>34=CBA0118CB0=3 D=834=C85801;4<0<<0;80=A4<08=B)74?A4B4AE0C8>=>5C74B?428<4=BA0=645A><D=0;C4A431>=4B C>5>BB8;8I431>=4B34?4=38=6>=C7434?C7>5C74B?428<4=0=3C74064>5C74<0CA8G;B>?A4B4=C F4A45A4B7F0C4A2;0<B0=3B=08;B)7434?C7>5C74B?428<4=BA0=6435A><C74BDA5024C> 544C
344? >22DAA8=6 8= 0A40B <0??43 0B K&5L K&H5L 0=3 0B ;0C4 %;48BC>24=4 >;3 0;;DE0; 34?>B8CB K&>0L(";>2B

J
0=3

J

)74346A44>5?0;4>=C>;>6820;B4=B8C8E8CH>50=H?0AC82D;0A0A408B10B43>=0=D<14A>5 502C>AB8=2;D38=6C743>2D<4=C43?A4B4=24>55>BB8;854A>DBA4B>DA24B>=0B8C4>A8==40A1H0A40B C74?A4B4=24>53>2D<4=C435>BB8;BF8C78=0?0AC82D;0A64>;>6825>A<0C8>=>A;8C7>BCA0C86A0?782D=8C 0=3F74C74A>A=>CC74>A868=0;34?>B8C8>=0;4=E8A>=<4=C>5C74B438<4=CB8B>=4C70C<867C70E4 144=2>=3D28E4C>C74022D<D;0C8>=>5>A60=82A4<08=BC70C<867C70E4142><45>BB8;8I43>E4A C8<4
>;>24=4 0;;DE8D< 8B 64=4A0;;H 2>=B834A43 C> 14 64>;>6820;;H C>> H>D=6 C> 2>=C08= B86=85820=C=>=A4=4F01;4?0;4>=C>;>6820;A4B>DA24B5>BB8;B0=38BC7DBCH?820;;H0BB86=430 ;>F?0;4>=C>;>6820;B4=B8C8E8CH%;48BC>24=4<>A4C70=

H40A>;30;;DE80;0=30;;DE80;50=
34?>B8CB 8= C74 =;0=3 <?8A4 0=3 ">90E4 4B4AC 7>F4E4A >5C4= H84;3 8<?>AC0=C 24 64 C4AA4BCA80;E4AC41A0C45>BB8;BBD270B4GC8=2C<0<<>C7B<0BC>3>=B680=C6A>D=3B;>C7B4GC8=2C B?4284B >5 7>AB4 18B>= 20<4; B014AC>>C743 20CB 0=3 >C74AB 4554AB>=

)74B4
%;48BC>24=4B438<4=CB0A4C7DB022>A3430
867?0;4>=C>;>6820;A4B>DA24B4=B8C8E8CH

)74 (+%

70B 3A05C43 6D834;8=4B C70C 8=2;D34 5>DA 20C46>A84B >5 ?0;4>=C>;>6820; B4=B8C8E8CH5>A64>;>682D=8CB5>A<0C8>=BC70C<867C148<?02C431H0?A>?>B43?A>942C0B;8BC43 14;>F

•

'>2:D=8CB5A><F7827E4AC41A0C4>AB86=85820=C8=E4AC41A0C4?;0=C>A CA0245>BB8;B70E4144=A42>E4A43
•

'>2: D=8CB 5>A F7827 ;8CC;4 8=5>A<0C8>= 8B 0E08;01;4 2>=24A=8=6C748A?0;4>=C>;>6820;2>=C4=C64>;>6820640=334?>B8C8>=0;4=E8A>=<4=C 0=3C70C5DAC74ABCD3H8B=44343C>34C4A<8=4C74?>C4=C80;>5C74A>2:D=8C •

'>2: D=8CB C70C 0A4 ?>>A;H A4?A4B4=C43 1H 5>BB8; B?428<4=B 8= 8=BC8CDC8>=0;2>;;42C8>=B>A10B43>=064=4A0;B284=C85822>=B4=BDBC70C>=;H?A4B4AE4 5>BB8;B8=A0A428A2D<BC0=24B
•

'>2:D=8CBC70C70E4=>?>C4=C80;C>2>=C08=B86=85820=C?0;4>=C>;>6820; A4B>DA24BBD270B78676A034<4C0<>A?782A>2:B0=3?;DC>=8286=4>DBA>2:B
*B8=6C74B42A8C4A80C74?A4B4=24>5=40A1HB86=85820=C5>BB8;;>20;8C84BH84;3431HB8<8;0A 0;;DE80;50=34?>B8CB0BC7>B40CC74?A>942CC74
>;>24=4C>;0C4%;48BC>24=40;;DE80;50=34?>B8CB
<0H142>=B834A43C>70E40=D=34C4A<8=43C>7867?>C4=C80;C>H84;3?0;4>=C>;>6820;A4B>DA24B

!

=C74=E8A>=<4=C0;'4B>DA24B;4<4=C>5C748CHMB
4=4A0;%;0=C74?0;4>=C>;>6820;
B4=B8C8E8CH>564>;>6825>A<0C8>=B<0??43F8C78=C7428CH0A42;0BB85843022>A38=6C>C748A?>C4=C80; C>H84;35>BB8;A4B>DA24B8CH>5%0;<30;4

'=0BB86=<4=C>5KD=:=>F=?>C4=C80;L
0??40AB C> 14 0??;843 C> C74 0;;DE80; 34?>B8CB <0??43 0C C74 ?A>942C BC0C8=6 K-C.74 %;48BC>24=4 0;;DE8D<F78278B>57867?>C4=C80;8B2>E4A431H0C78=;0H4A>5A424=C0;;DE8D<)78B;0H4A70B 0= D=:=>F= ?>C4=C80; 5>A ?A>3D28=6 ?0;4>=C>;>682 A4B>DA24BL 8CH >5 %0;<30;4
)78B
BC0C4<4=C8BA>D67;H8=;8=4F8C7C7438B?>B8C8>=>5C74=40A1H5>BB8;;>20;8C84B38B2DBB438=(42C8>= +>5C78BA4?>AC>AA4B?>=38=6;H%;48BC>24=4;02DBCA8=40=35;DE80;34?>B8CB0A4022>A34307867 ?0;4>=C>;>6820;?>C4=C80; B4=B8C8E8CH8=C74=E8A>=<4=C0;'4B>DA24B;4<4=C )74 0=0;HB8B >5 ?0;4>=C>;>6820; A4B>DA24B 1H C74 =E8A>=<4=C0;'4B>DA24B ;4<4=C 2>=2;D34BK)748CHMB;>F;H8=60A40B2>=B8BC>5&D0C4A=0AH0;;DE8D<F78278B:=>F=C>2>=C08= =D<4A>DBE4AC41A0C45>BB8;B;C7>D67=>>C74A?0;4>=C>;>6820;A4B>DA24B70E4144=A42>A3438= C74%;0==8=6A40C748A4G8BC4=24B7>D;3=>C14?A42;D343>A38B<8BB43L8CH>5%0;<30;4

'<0?>5?0;4>=C>;>6820;B4=B8C8E8CH8=3820C4BC74?A>942C8BF8C78=0=0A4034B86=0C430B 70E8=60=KD=34C4A<8=43L?>C4=C80;5>A?0;4>=C>;>6820;A4B>DA24B8CH>5%0;<30;4
'

'4B40A2770B2>=58A<43C744G8BC4=24>5C78=
>;>24=40;;DE80;34?>B8CB<0??430CC74
BDA5024 >5 C74 ?A>942C )74B4 34?>B8CB >E4A;84 ?>C4=C80;;H 5>BB8;854A>DB >;>24=4 C> ;0C4
%;48BC>24=40643 H>D=6 0;;DE80; 50= 34?>B8CB )74 :=>F= >22DAA4=24 >5 B86=85820=C C4AA4BCA80; E4AC41A0C45>BB8;B0CE4AHB70;;>F34?C7B5A><0;;DE80;34?>B8CB5A><C74">90E44B4AC0=3C74 <>34A0C4C>7867?0;4>=C>;>6820;B4=B8C8E8CHA0C8=60BB86=43C>%;48BC>24=406430;;DE80;34?>B8CB 5>A H84;38=6 ?0;4>=C>;>6820; A4B>DA24B 0;; BD??>AC ?0;4>=C>;>6820; <>=8C>A8=6 14 8<?;4<4=C43 3DA8=6<0BB6A038=60=34G20E0C8>=02C8E8C84B8=D=38BCDA1430;;DE80;34?>B8CB8=>A34AC><8C860C4 0=H 03E4AB4 8<?02CB ;>BB >A 34BCAD2C8>= C> ?>C4=C80; =>=A4=4F01;4 ?0;4>=C>;>6820; A4B>DA24B

D;;C8<4<>=8C>A8=6>5D=38BCDA1430;;DE80;50=34?>B8CB0CC74?A>942C8BF0AA0=C43BC0AC8=60CC74 BDA5024
)74 5>;;>F8=6 %0;4>=C>;>6820; '4B>DA24 <?02C "8C860C8>= %A>6A0< %'"% >DC;8=43 14;>F8B10B43>=C7458=38=6BBC0C4301>E4%'"%F74=BD1<8CC43C>C748CH>5%0;<30;4 B7>D;3 14 0??A>E43 1H C74 8CH ?A8>A C> C74 8BBD0=24 0=3 0??A>E0; >5 6A038=6 ?4A<8CB 5>A C74 ?A>942C )78B BD664BC43 %'"% F74= 8<?;4<4=C43 F>D;3 A43D248<?02CB C> ?>C4=C80; ?0;4>=C>;>6820;A4B>DA24BC>0;4E4;14;>FB86=85820=C

%A8>A C> 8=8C80C8>= >5 0=H 6A038=6 3A8;;8=6 0=3 >A 4G20E0C8>= 02C8E8C84B 0 ?A42>=BCAD2C8>= <44C8=6 F8;; 14 74;3 0=3 0CC4=343 1H C74 ?0;4>=C>;>68BC >5 A42>A3 A4?A4B4=C0C8E4B >5 C74 6A038=6 2>=CA02C>A 0=3 BD12>=CA02C>AB C74 ?A>942C >F=4A >A 34E4;>?4A 0=3 0 A4?A4B4=C0C8E4 >5 C74 ;403 064=2H )74 =0CDA4 >5 ?>C4=C80; ?0;4>=C>;>6820; A4B>DA24B B70;; 14 38B2DBB43 0B F4;; 0B C74 ?A>C>2>; C70C 8B C> 14 8<?;4<4=C435>;;>F8=6C7438B2>E4AH>50=H5>BB8;854A>DB<0C4A80;B

">=8C>A8=6>5<0BB6A038=60=34G20E0C8>=02C8E8C84B8=0A40B834=C858430B;8:4;HC> 2>=C08= ?0;4>=C>;>6820; A4B>DA24B B70;; 14 ?4A5>A<43 1H 0 @D0;85843 ?A>942C ?0;4>=C>;>68BC>A?0;4>=C>;>6820;<>=8C>A">=8C>A8=6B70;;14?4A5>A<43BC0AC8=60C C74BDA5024>=05D;;C8<410B8B
>;>24=40;;DE80;34?>B8CBB7>D;314<>=8C>A43?0AC
C8<4 0C C74 38B2A4C8>= >5 C74 ?A>942C ?0;4>=C>;>68BC )74 C8<8=6 0=3 3DA0C8>= >5 C74 <>=8C>A8=6 >5 4G20E0C8>= 02C8E8C84B F8C78= C74 0;;DE80; 50= 34?>B8CB B70;; 14 0C C74 38B2DBB8>=>5C74?A>942C?0;4>=C>;>68BC10B43>=C7464>;>6820;2>=38C8>=B>1B4AE431H C74?0;4>=C>;>6820;<>=8C>A0=3 >AC74?A>942C?0;4>=C>;>68BC

%0;4>=C>;>6820;<>=8C>ABF8;;144@D8??43C>B0;E0645>BB8;B0BC74H0A4D=40AC743C> 0E>83 2>=BCAD2C8>= 34;0HB )74 <>=8C>A <DBC 14 4<?>F4A43 C> C4<?>A0A8;H 70;C >A 38E4AC4@D8?<4=CC>0;;>FA4<>E0;>501D=30=C>A;0A64B?428<4=B8=0C8<4;H<0==4A ">=8C>A8=6<0H14A43D24385C74?>C4=C80;;H5>BB8;854A>DBD=8CB0A4=>C?A4B4=C8=C74 BD1BDA5024>A85?A4B4=C0A434C4A<8=43D?>=4G?>BDA40=34G0<8=0C8>=1H@D0;85843 ?0;4>=C>;>6820; ?4AB>==4; C> 70E4 ;>F ?>C4=C80; C> 2>=C08= 5>BB8; A4B>DA24B )74 <>=8C>A B70;; =>C85H C74 ?A>942C ?0;4>=C>;>68BC F7> F8;; C74==>C85H C74 2>=24A=43

10 ?0AC84B>5C7438B2>E4AH
%0;4>=C>;>6820; B0;E064 3DA8=6 CA4=278=6 0=3 1>A8=6 02C8E8C84B8B CH?820;;H 5A>< C74 64=4A0C43B?>8;B0=33>4B=>C34;0HC74CA4=278=6>A3A8;;8=602C8E8C84B >BB8;BF8;;14
2>;;42C43 0=3 ?;0243 8= 20A31>0A3 5;0CB >A ?;0BC82 1D2:4CB 0=3834=C85843 1H 584;3 =D<14A 2>;;42C>A 0=3 30C4 2>;;42C43 #>C4B F8;; 14 C0:4= >=C74 <0? ;>20C8>= 0=3 BCA0C86A0?7H>5C74B8C4F78278B?7>C>6A0?743145>A48C8BE020C430=3C745>BB8;B0A4 A4<>E43 C> 0 B054 ?;024 $= <0BB 6A038=6 ?A>942CB 38B2>E4A435>BB8; B8C4B F8;; 14 ?A>C42C431H5;0668=6C>?A4E4=CC74<5A><148=6>E4AAD=1H40AC7<>E4ABB2A0?4AB 145>A4B0;E0641468=B
>BB8;BF8;;142>;;42C438=0B8<8;0A<0==4AF8C7=>C4B0=3 ?7>C>6A0?7B 148=6 C0:4= 145>A4 A4<>E8=6 C74 5>BB8;B %A428B4 ;>20C8>= >5 C74 B8C4 8B 34C4A<8=43F8C7C74DB4>570=374;3
%(D=8CB5C74B8C48=E>;E4BA4<08=B5A><0
;0A64 C4AA4BCA80; E4AC41A0C4 BD27 0B ;0A64 1>=4B >A 0 <0<<>C7 CDB: C70C 8B 0A4 C>> ;0A64C>1440B8;HA4<>E431H0B8=6;4<>=8C>A05>BB8;A42>E4AH2A4FB70;;4G20E0C4 0A>D=3C7458=34=20B4C7458=3F8C78=0?;0BC4A0=31DA;0?902:4C0=3A4<>E48C05C4A C74?;0BC4A8BB4C
>A;0A645>BB8;BDB4>5C742>=CA02C>AMB2>=BCAD2C8>=4@D8?<4=C<0H 14B>;828C43C>74;?A4<>E4C74902:4CC>0B054;>20C8>= B>;0C435>BB8;BF8;;142>;;42C431H70=3FA0??438=?0?4A0=3?;02438=C4<?>A0AH 2>;;42C8=65;0CB>A58E460;;>=1D2:4CB#>C4BF8;;14C0:4=>=C74<0?;>20C8>=0=3 BCA0C86A0?7H>5C74B8C4F78278B?7>C>6A0?743145>A48C8BE020C430=3C745>BB8;B0A4 A4<>E43C>0B054?;024
%0AC82D;0A;H B<0;; 8=E4AC41A0C4 5>BB8;B CH?820;;H A4?A4B4=C <D;C8?;4 B?428<4=B >5 0 ;8<8C43=D<14A>5>A60=8B<B0=30B284=C85820;;HBD8C01;4B0<?;420=14>1C08=435A>< >=4 C> B4E4A0; 58E460;;>= 1D2:4CB >5 5>BB8;854A>DB B438<4=C 5 8C 8B ?>BB81;4 C> 3AH B2A44= C74 B438<4=C 8= C74 584;3 0 2>=24=CA0C43 B0<?;4 <0H 2>=B8BC >5 >=4 >A CF> 1D2:4CB>5<0C4A80;
>AE4AC41A0C45>BB8;BC74C4BC8BDBD0;;HC74>1B4AE43?A4B4=24>5 B<0;;?8424B>51>=4BF8C78=C74B438<4=CB5?A4B4=C<D;C8?;458E460;;>=1D2:4CB>5 B438<4=C20=142>;;42C430=3A4CDA=43C>0B4?0A0C45028;8CHC>F4CB2A44=C74B438<4=C =022>A30=24F8C7C74K"82A>5>BB8;(0;E064LB42C8>=>5C74(+%6D834;8=4B

1D;: B0<?;8=6 0=3 B2A44=8=6 >5 58=46A08=43 B438<4=C0AH 34?>B8CB 8=2;D38=6 20A1>=0C4A827?0;4>B>;B<DBC14?4A5>A<4385C7434?>B8CB0A4834=C85843C>?>BB4BB 8=3820C8>=B>5?A>3D28=65>BB8;K<82A>E4AC41A0C4BLC>C4BCC74540B818;8CH>5C7434?>B8C C>H84;35>BB8;1>=4B0=3C44C7
=C74;01>A0C>AH8=38E83D0;5>BB8;BF8;;142;40=43>54GCA0=4>DB<0CA8G0=H1A40:B F8;; 14 A4?08A43 0=3 C74 B?428<4= 85 =44343 F8;; 14 BC018;8I43 1H B>0:8=6 8= 0= 0A278E0;;H0??A>E4302AH;8270A34=4A0B>;DC8>=>5024C>=40=3%0A0;>83
'42>E4A43 B?428<4=B F8;; 14 ?A4?0A43 C> 0 ?>8=C >5 834=C85820C8>= 0=3 ?4A<0=4=C ?A4B4AE0C8>= =>C 38B?;0H 8=2;D38=6 B2A44=F0B78=6 B438<4=CBC> A42>E4A B<0;; 8=E4AC41A0C4B0=3E4AC41A0C4B%A4?0A0C8>=>58=38E83D0;E4AC41A0C45>BB8;B8B>5C4=<>A4 C8<42>=BD<8=6C70=5>A022D<D;0C8>=B>58=E4AC41A0C45>BB8;B

11 34=C85820C8>=0=32DA0C8>=>5B?428<4=B8=C>0?A>54BB8>=0;022A438C43?D1;82<DB4D< A4?>B8C>AH F8C7 0 2><<8C<4=C C> 0A278E0; 2>=B4AE0C8>= 0=3 ?4A<0=4=C A4CA84E01;4 BC>A064 C74 !" B70;; 14 2>=3D2C43 )74 ?0;4>=C>;>6820; ?A>6A0< B7>D;3 8=2;D340FA8CC4=A4?>B8C>AH06A44<4=C?A8>AC>C748=8C80C8>=>5<8C860C8>=02C8E8C84B %A8>AC>2DA0C8>=C74;403064=2HC748CH>5%0;<30;4F8;;142>=BD;C43>=C74 A4?>B8C>AH <DB4D<C>A4248E4C745>BB8;<0C4A80;

58=0;<>=8C>A8=60=3<8C860C8>=A4?>AC>558=38=6B0=3B86=85820=24F8;;14?A4?0A43 8=2;D38=6;8BCB>50;;5>BB8;BA42>E4A430=3=424BB0AH<0?B0=36A0?782BC>022DA0C4;H A42>A3C748A>A868=0;;>20C8>=B)74A4?>ACF74=BD1<8CC43C>0=30224?C431HC74 0??A>?A80C4;403064=2HF8;;B86=85HB0C8B502C>AH2><?;4C8>=>5C74?A>942C?A>6A0<C> <8C860C48<?02CBC>0=H?>C4=C80;=>=A4=4F01;4?0;4>=C>;>6820;A4B>DA24B5>BB8;B C70C<867C70E4144=;>BC>A>C74AF8B403E4AB4;H05542C43F8C7>DCBD270?A>6A0<8= ?;024

74A41H24AC85HC70CC74BC0C4<4=CB5DA=8B74301>E40=38=C740CC027434G7818CB?A4B4=CC74 30C00=38=5>A<0C8>=A4@D8A435>AC78B?0;4>=C>;>6820;A4?>AC0=3C70CC74502CBBC0C4<4=CB0=3 8=5>A<0C8>=?A4B4=C430A4CAD40=32>AA42CC>C7414BC>5<H:=>F;43640=314;8450=370E4144= 2><?8;438=022>A30=24F8C7&2A8C4A80

#>E4<14A

)>33,8AC7B 0 C 4
(4=8>A%0;4>=C>;>68BC
0;85>A=80%A>54BB8>=0;
4>;>68BC#>

4;;

%0;4>=C>;>6820; A4B>DA24B 5>A C74 4H>=3 "0A:4C 0=3 0A ,0B7 %A>942C *=?D1;8B743 ;4CC4A 5>A A80=
(<8C7 0=3 BB>280C4B =2 %>F0H 0;85>A=80 1H C74 #0CDA0;
8BC>AH"DB4D<>5!>B=64;4B>D=CH!>B=64;4B0;85>A=80
8CH >5 %0;<30;4

=E8A>=<4=C0; A4B>DA24B 4;4<4=C >5 C74 64=4A0; ?;0= 7CC?B 28CH>5?0;<30;4>A6 >2D<4=C4=C4A +84F =E8A>=<4=C0;'4B>DA24B ;4<4=C%

8CH>5%0;<30;4

8CH>5%0;<30;4

4=4A0;%;0=*?30C4A05C=E8A>=<4=C0;<?02C
'4?>AC (

7CC?B 28CH>5?0;<30;4>A6 >2D<4=C4=C4A +84F

%0;<30;4
4=4A0;%;0=%D1;82A05C=E8A>=<4=C0;<?02C'4?>AC%

12 4554AB>=
)

20C0;>6D4 >5 ;0C4 &D0C4A=0AH E4AC41A0C4B 5A>< 0;85>A=80 %0AC CF> <0<<0;B#0CDA0;
8BC>AH"DB4D<>5!>B=64;4B>D=CH)427=820;'4?>ACB=>8E

4554AB>=
)

20C0;>6D4 >5 ;0=20= 0=3 AE8=6C>=80= E4AC41A0C4B 0=3 5;>A0B 5A>< A8I>=0B>DC74A=0;85>A=80#4E030*C070=3=>AC7F4BC4A="4G82>*=?D1;8B7433A05C <0=DB2A8?C>;>A03>4B4AC8BCA82C(C>DC'4B40A274=C4A=I0>AA46>4B4AC(C0C4 %0A:>AA46>(?A8=6B0;85>A=80

!0=20BC4A )
4A=0=34I !
0H3>= , 0FB>= ) 0=3
0H7DABC

4>;>682<0?>5&D0C4A=0AHBDA58280;34?>B8CB8=B>DC74A=0;85>A=80!0=20BC4A MG
M
&D03A0=6;40;85>A=80
4>;>6820;(DAE4H(?4280;'4?>AC

%;0C4

(>284CH >5 +4AC41A0C4 %0;4>=C>;>6H

(C0=30A3 %A>243DA4B 5>A C74 BB4BB<4=C 0=3
"8C860C8>= >5 3E4AB4 <?02CB C> %0;4>=C>;>6820; '4B>DA24B 1HC74 (+% <?02C "8C860C8>=
D834;8=4B '4E8B8>= ><<8CC44 ;42CA>=82 3>2D<4=C 7CC?B E4AC?0;4>>A6 F?2>=C4=C D?;>03B

(+%/<?02C/"8C860C8>=/
D834;8=4B

?35

TTodd A. Wirths, MS, PG No. 7588
Senior Paleontologist
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.
14010 Poway Road Suite A
Phone: (858) 679-8218 Fax: (858) 679-9896 E-Mail: [email protected]

EEducation
Master of Science, Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, California 1995 Bachelor of Arts, Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz 1992 Professional Certifications
California Professional Geologist #7588, 2003
Riverside County Approved Paleontologist
San Diego County Qualified Paleontologist
Orange County Certified Paleontologist
OSHA HAZWOPER 40-hour trained; current 8-hour annual refresher Professional Memberships
Board member, San Diego Geological Society
San Diego Association of Geologists; past President (2012) and Vice President (2011) South Coast Geological Society
Southern California Paleontological Society
Experience
Mr. Wirths has more than a dozen years of professional experience as a senior-level paleontologist throughout southern California. He is also a certified California Professional Geologist. At BFSA, Mr.

Wirths conducts on-site paleontological monitoring, trains and supervises junior staff, and performs all research and reporting duties for locations throughout Los Angeles, Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, San Diego, and Imperial Counties. Mr. Wirths was formerly a senior project manager conducting environmental investigations and remediation projects for petroleum hydrocarbon- impacted sites across southern California.

Selected Recent Reports
3125 #"'# #
&&&&!"'#%'
548:8##'

#( )%%#
'.
',#"
#(!#".
"%"%
"##("',.
#%"
0'&'
%'."$$$
/
$0&%')%$
")'$0
#)
$((%)(/
$0/%,-/"
%'$0

3125 #"'# #
&&&&!"' #% '

#%"
"'%
%(%
' %#
'.

&&
#"

#. %"
#("',.
#%"
/'&'
%'."$$$
0&%')%$
")'$0#)
$((%)(/

$0/%,-/"
%'$0

BBrian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 2
3125 #"'# #

#"
'#%
"$#%'#%'

!
'-%#&&
"%#
'.
',#"
#/'&'

%'%")'34/
0&%')%$
")'$0#)
$((%)(/
$0/%,-/"
%'$0

3125 #"'# #
&#(% !$'

'
'
#"%#%!2
3#%'

'%

#
&'
&
"'% %#
'.
', # (!#"'.
)%&
#("',.
#%"
/'&'
%'
2/

0
&%')%$
")'$0#)
$((%)(/
$0/%,-/"
%'$0

3131 #"'# #

#"
'#%
" $#%' #% '
"&

%#"'&#%' %#
'. "&
. "

#%"
/'&'
%'00
"!$'%&')(0&%')%$
")'$0#)
$((%)(/

$0/%,-/"
%'$0

3131 #"'# #
&#(% !$'

'
'
#"%#%!#%'

&%#
'.
#%&'.%"
#("',. "
#%"
/ '&'
%' "$$
*!%( ((%)(/
$0 &%') %$
" ) '$ 0
#)
$((%)(/
$0/%,-/"
%'$0

3131 #"'# #
&#(% !$'

'
'
#"%#%!#%'
("&'%#&&%#&%#
'.""
".

)%&
#("',0'&'
%'
$$$

$*()'"/

0&%')%$
")'$0#)
$
((%)(/
$0/%,-/"
%'$0

3131 #"'# #
&&&&!"' #% '
%' - %#
'.
&
"#%.
)%&
#("',0
'&'
%' #&' (
$ '%*&0 &%') %$
" ) '$ 0 #)
$ ((%)(/
$0/
%,-/"
%'$0

3131 #"'# #
&#(%#%%
$'#%'
%"
)%"
%#
'.%"
)%
"
$

"440445.
',##%#".
#%"
0'&'
%'()'$"%0&%')
%$
")'$0#)
$((%)(/
$0/%,-/"
%'$0

3131 #"'# #
&&&&!"'#%'
,$%&&1 #)% "(&'%
"'%%#
'.
',##"'"."
%"%
"##("',.
#%"
0'&'
%'."$$$
/
$0&%')%$
")'$0#)

$((%)(/
$0/%,-/"
%'$0

3131 #"'# #

#"
'#%
" $#%' #% '
!$%

"
+$"&
#" %#
' 2
& .
!"'063. !$%
#("',.
#%"
0'&'
%'&*"'+(/
$0&%')%$
")
'$0#)
$((%)(/
$0/%,-/"
%'$0

3132 #"'# #
&&&&!"'#%'

"
'#(#(%'
#
&'
&"'%%#
'.
',#
(%($ ,.

)%&
#("',.
#%"
0'&'
%'
$!
$*()'"0&%')%$
")'$0#)
$
((%)(/
$0/%,-/"
%'$0

3132 #"'# #
&#(% !$'

'
'
#" %#%! #% '
%# 2%' 79;863 %#
'.

"
.
)%&
#("',0 '&'
%' 00 %')%$0 &%') %$
" ) '$ 0 #)
$
((%)(/
$0/%,-/"
%'$0

3132 #"'# #
&&&&!"'#%'
&&"%##%$#%'"'%%#
'2 ""
"&064640
44485<3.
', #
)%&
.
)%&
#("',.
#%"
0 '&'
%'
"(($'%/

0
&%')%$
")'$0#)
$((%)(/
$0/%,-/"
%'$0

3132 #"'# #

#"
'#%
" $#%' #% '
#%* %#
'.

# .
', # "
#0
'&'
%' '% )
$
#$) +(%'(/
$0 &%') %$
") '$ 0 #)
$
((%)(/
$0/%,-/"
%'$0

Research & Collections

e-mail: [email protected]

June 12, 2022

Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.

Attn: Todd Wirths

re: Paleontological resources for the Beyond Market and Car Wash Project (22-195)

Dear Todd:

I have conducted a thorough search of our paleontology collection records for the locality and specimen data for proposed development at the Beyond Market and Car Wash Project area as outlined on the portion of the Palmdale USGS topographic quadrangle map that you sent to me via e-mail on June 6, 2022. We do not have any fossil localities that lie directly within the proposed project area, but we do have fossil localities nearby from the same sedimentary deposits that occur in the proposed project area, either at the surface or at depth.

The following table shows the closest known localities in the collection of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (NHMLA).

Locality
Number Location Formation Taxa Depth

LACM VP CIT
451
Near intersection of
E Barrel Springs Rd
& 47th St E
(Palmdale Quad)
Harold Formation
Mastodon (Mammutidae), horse
family (Equidae) Unknown

LACM VP
5942-5950
Along Avenue S
from Palmdale to
Lake Los Angeles
Unknown formation
(Holocene)
Kingsnake (Lampropeltis), Lizard
(Lacertilia), leopard lizard
(Gambelia); snake (Ophidia),
gopher snake (Pituophis); rabbit
(Lagomorpha), rodent
(Rodentia), Pocket gopher
(Thomomys), pocket mouse
(Chaetodippus), kangaroo rat
(Dipodomys); birds (Aves) 0-9 ft bgs
LACM VP 7884
E of the SE corner of
the intersection of
East 3rd Street &
East Avenue H-13
Unknown formation
(Pleistocene; fluvial
brown clayey silt) Camel (Camelops hesternus) 4 feet bgs LACM VP 7853
Waste Management
of North America
Lancaster Landfill
Unknown formation
(Pleistocene; sandy
loess under a dune
deposit strand,
Rabbit (Sylvagus), camel family
(Camelidae), antelope squirrel
(Ammospermophilus), kangaroo
rat (Dipodymus), pocket mouse
3-11 feet
bgs

sandy siltstone,
siltstone to clayey
siltstone)

(Perognathus), pack rat
(Neotoma), deer mouse
(Peromyscus), vole family
(Microtinae), iguana
(Dipsosaurus), pocket gopher
(Thomomys), spiny lizard
(Sceloporus), side blotched lizard
(Uta), colubrid snakes
(Trimorphodon, Masticophis,
Phyllorhynchus), night lizard
(Xantusia), western alligator
lizard (Elgaria), toothy skinks
(Plestiodon), whiptail lizard
(Aspidocelis), spiny lizards
(Phrynosomatidae), smelt
(Osmeridae)
LACM VP 7891
near the California
Aqueduct between
the Tehachapi
Mountains & the
Rosamond Hills
north of Willow
Springs
Unknown formation
(Pleistocene) Camel (Hemiauchenia)
21 feet
bgs
VP, Vertebrate Paleontology; IP, Invertebrate Paleontology; bgs, below ground surface *Locality is 25 feet below carbon-14 accelerator mass spectrometry date of 43180 +/-710 years

This records search covers only the records of the NHMLA. It is not intended as a paleontological assessment of the project area for the purposes of CEQA or NEPA. Potentially fossil-bearing units are present in the project area, either at the surface or in the subsurface. As such, NHMLA recommends that a full paleontological assessment of the project area be conducted by a paleontologist meeting Bureau of Land Management or Society of Vertebrate Paleontology standards.

Sincerely,

Alyssa Bell, Ph.D.

Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County

enclosure: invoice

Appendix D
Fuel Consumption Calculations
HP: 0 to 100 0.0588 0.0529
Construction Equipment #
Hours per
Day Horsepower
Load
Factor Construction Phase
Fuel Used
(gallons)
Pumps 1 8 84 0.74 Site Preparation Phase 6,137
Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8 247 0.4 Site Preparation Phase 8,774 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2 8 97 0.37 Site Preparation Phase 7,086 Graders 1 8 187 0.41 Grading Phase 1,297
Off-Highway Tractors 1 8 124 0.44 Grading Phase 923
Plate Compactors 1 8 8 0.43 Grading Phase 65
Rubber Tired Dozers 1 8 247 0.4 Grading Phase 1,671
Scrapers 4 8 367 0.48 Grading Phase 11,919
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 8 97 0.37 Grading Phase 2,025 Air Compressors 4 8 78 0.48 Building Construction Phase 12,462 Excavators 2 8 158 0.38 Building Construction Phase 8,988 Forklifts 2 8 89 0.2 Building Construction Phase 2,962
Generator Sets 4 8 84 0.74 Building Construction Phase 20,689 Skid Steer Loaders 4 8 65 0.37 Building Construction Phase 8,005 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 3 7 97 0.37 Building Construction Phase 7,839 Trenchers 1 8 78 0.5 Building Construction Phase 3,245
Pavers 1 8 130 0.42 Paving Phase 577
Paving Equipment 1 8 132 0.36 Paving Phase 502
Surfacing Equipment 1 8 263 0.3 Paving Phase 834
Air Compressors 4 8 78 0.48 Architiectural Coating 1,408 Forklifts 2 8 89 0.2 Architiectural Coating 335
Generator Sets 4 8 84 0.74 Architiectural Coating 2,338 Rubber Tired Loaders 1 8 203 0.36 Architiectural Coating 618 Total Fuel Used 110,699
(Gallons)
Site Preparation Phase
Grading Phase
Building Construction Phase
Paving Phase
Architectural Coating Phase
Total Days
MPG [2] Trips
Fuel Used
(gallons)

24.1 10 941.08

24.1 28 501.91

24.1 248 19671.24

24.1 8 89.63

24.1 50 448.13
Total 21,651.98
Building Construction Phase
Paving Phase

10.8 10.8

10.8 177
Tentative Tract Map
Last Updated: 12/1/2022
Compression-Ignition Engine Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) Factors [1]:

HP: Greater than 100
Values above are expressed in gallons per horsepower-hour/BSFC.

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
Construction Phase Days of Operation
210
40 25
20 WORKER TRIPS
Constuction Phase
Architectural Coating Phase
Site Preparation Phase
Grading Phase
Trip Length (miles)
472

10.8 10.8
1 12/5/2022 8:39 AM
MPG [2] Trips
Fuel Used
(gallons)

7.5 0 0.00

7.5 0 0.00
Total -

7.5 0 0.00

7.5 91 15677.48

7.5 0 0.00

7.5 0 0.00
Total 15,677.48
21,652
126,376
Sources:
[1] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2021. Exhaust and Crankcase Emission Factors for Nonroad Compression-Ignition Engines in MOVES3.0.2 . September. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2021-08/420r21021.pdf. [2] United States Department of Transportation, Bur eau of Transportation Statistics. 2021. National Transportation Statistics . Available at:
https://www.bts.gov/topics/national-transportation-statistics.

Trip Class
Total Gasoline Consumption (gallons)
Total Diesel Consumption (gallons)
Trip Length (miles)

HAULING AND VENDOR TRIPS
Building Construction Phase 20.0
Paving Phase 20.0
Site Preparation Phase

20.0 Paving Phase 7.3
Architectural Coating Phase 7.3

HAULING TRIPS

VENDOR TRIPS
Grading Phase 7.3
Architectural Coating Phase 20.0
Building Construction Phase 7.3
0 7.3
Site Preparation Phase 7.3

20.0 Grading Phase
2 12/5/2022 8:39 AM
OR
Annual VMT: 3,788,152 Daily Vehicle
Trips:

Average Trip
Distance:

Passenger Vehicles 24.1
Light-Med Duty Trucks 17.6
Heavy Trucks/Other 7.5
Motorcycles 44
Vehicle Type Percent Fuel Type
Annual VMT:

VMT Vehicle Trips: VMT
Fuel
Consumption
(Gallons)
Passenger Vehicles 59.29% Gasoline 2,246,048 0.00 93,197 Light-Medium Duty Trucks 31.42% Gasoline 1,190,253 0.00 67,628 Heavy Trucks/Other 6.52% Diesel 246,923 0.00 32,923
Motorcycle 0.05% Gasoline 1,875 0.00 43
160,868
32,923
Sources:
[1] United States Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics. 2021. National Transportation Statistics. Available at: https://www.bts.gov/topics/national-transportation-statistics.

0.000678

0.002501
Fleet Mix
Total Gasoline Consumption (gallons)
Total Diesel Consumption (gallons)
Tentative Tract Map
Last Updated: 12/1/2022

0.006531

0.000495
Light Duty Auto (LDA)
Light Duty Truck 1 (LDT1)
Light Duty Truck 2 (LDT2)
Medium Duty Vehicle (MDV)
Light Heavy Duty 1 (LHD1)
Light Heavy Duty 2 (LHD2)
Medium Heavy Duty (MHD)
Heavy Heavy Duty (HHD)
Other Bus (OBUS)
Urban Bus (UBUS)
School Bus (SBUS)
Motorhome (MH)
Fleet Class
Populate one of the following tables (Leave the other blank):

Fuel Economy (MPG) [1]
Motorcycle (MCY)
Annual VMT Daily Vehicle Trips
Fleet Mix

0.592914

0.051978

0.143358

0.118868

0.026746

0.007323

0.011582

0.009144

0.000678
3 12/5/2022 8:39 AM
Appendix E
Geologic and Geotechnical Engineering Investigation
MDN 22503

GEOLOGIC AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING INVESTIGATION,

PROPOSED SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT,
Tract 83359, East Palmdale Boulevard,
Palmdale, California
for
Ravello Holding, Inc.

October 27, 2021 W.O. 7648
GeoSoils Consultants Inc.

MDN 22503
October 27, 2021
W.O. 7648
RAVELLO HOLDINGS, INC.
2007 Cedar Avenue
Manhattan Beach, CA 90266
Attention: Mr. Kevin Harbison
Subject: Geologic and Geotechnical Engineering Investigation, Proposed Single-Family Residential Development, Tract
83359, East Palmdale Boulevard, Palmdale, California
Dear Mr. Harbison:

As requested, GeoSoils Consultants, Inc. (GSC) has performed a geologic and geotechnical engineering investigation on the subject tract. The purpose of this investigation is to provide geologic and geotechnical engineering recommendations for site grading and foundations. The report presents the results of our research, field mapping, subsurface exploration, laboratory testing, and provides geotechnical engineering recommendations for site grading. Grading of the site is considered feasible from a geologic and geotechnical engineering prospective, provided the recommendations presented herein are incorporated into the design and implemented during grading.

We appreciate this opportunity to be of service to you. If you have any questions regarding this report, or if we may be of further assistance to you, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Very truly yours,
GEOSOILS CONSULTANTS, INC.

RUDY F. RUBERTI KAREN L. MILLER
CEG 1708 GE 2257
cc: (1) Addressee
6634 Valjean Avenue, Van Nuys, California 91406 Phone: (818) 785-2158 Fax: (818) 785-1548
MDN 22503
October 27, 2021
W.O. 7648

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Scope of Se rvices ................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Limitations .............................................................................................................. 2

2.0 SITE DISCRIPTION ................................................................................................ 3

3.0 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................ 3

4.0 PREVIOUS STUDIES AND GRADING ................................................................... 3

4.1 Previous Studies ..................................................................................................... 3

4.2 Previous Grading .................................................................................................... 3

5.0 GEOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................. 3

5.1 Regional Geologic Setting ....................................................................................... 3

5.2 Local Geologic Setting ............................................................................................ 4

5.3 Earth Materials ........................................................................................................ 4

5.4 Geologic Structure .................................................................................................. 4

5.5 Mass Wasting ......................................................................................................... 4

5.6 Groundwa ter ........................................................................................................... 4

5.7 Expansive Soil ........................................................................................................ 5

6.0 FAULTING AN D SEISMICITY ................................................................................ 5

6.1 2019 California Building Code (CBC), Seismic Design Criteria ............................... 6

6.2 Secondary Earthqu ake Effects ................................................................................ 7

6.2.1 Ground R upture ............................................................................................... 7

6.2.2 Landslidi ng ....................................................................................................... 8

6.2.3 Seiches and Tsunamis ..................................................................................... 8

6.2.4 Seismic Settlement ........................................................................................... 9

6.2.5 Liquefaction ...................................................................................................... 9

7.0 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................... 11

GeoSoils Consultants Inc.

MDN 22503
October 27, 2021
W.O. 7648
TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd)

8.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................... 11

8.1 Removals .............................................................................................................. 11

8.2 Grading ................................................................................................................. 1 1

8.2.1 Gener al .......................................................................................................... 11

8.2.2 Site Prepar ation ............................................................................................. 12

8.2.3 Fill Placement ................................................................................................. 13

8.2.4 Construction Considerations .......................................................................... 16

8.3 Earthwork Adjustme nt Factors .............................................................................. 17

8.4 Temporary Excavation .......................................................................................... 17

8.5 Excavation Observation ........................................................................................ 18

8.6 Utility Trenching and Backfill ................................................................................. 18

9.0 FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................ 20

9.1 Conventional Foundation Recommendations ......................................................... 20

9.2 Post-Tensioned Slab Foundation .............................................................................. 21

9.3 General Recommendations ....................................................................................... 23

10. CEMENT TYPE AND CORR OSION POTENTIAL ................................................ 25

11. PRELIMINARY PAVEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................... 25

12.0 CLOSURE ............................................................................................................ 25 Enclosures
References
Plate 1, Geologic Map
Appendix A, Field Procedures and Boring Logs
Plates TP-1 to TP-11, Test Pit Logs
Plates A-1 through A-3, Boring Logs
Appendix B, Laboratory Test Results
Plates C-1 to C-6, Consolidation Test Diagrams
Plate SH-1, Shear Test Diagram
Plate L-1, Chemical Test Results
GeoSoils Consultants Inc.

MDN 22503
October 27, 2021
W.O. 7648

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study is to provide geologic and geotechnical engineering data and recommendations to aid in development of the subject site. The following sections provide a summary of past grading activity on the tract, geologic and geotechnical engineering conditions, and recommendations for site grading, fill placement, and foundations.

This report has been prepared in accordance with generally accepted geotechnical engineering practices in the City of Palmdale and the time it was prepared. The report presents a brief description of the site, the geot echnical engineering characteristics of the area, the seismicity of the area, an engineering analysis of the site characteristics, conclusions, and recommendations to develop the site.

Opinions presented in this report are based on an inspection of the site, geologic mapping, subsurface exploration, a review of the regi onal geologic maps and seismic hazard reports, and our general knowledge of the geologic and soils engineering conditions in the site area.

The opinions presented have been arrived at through the exercise of the generally understood standard of care for our profession and standard of engineering practice for the City of Palmdale, as we understand it.

1.1 Scope of Services
Our scope of services included the following:
x Site reconnaissance.
x Review of regional geologic maps and seismic hazard reports. x Excavating, logging, and sampling of 11 backhoe test pits and 3 exploratory boring. The locations of the test pits and borings are shown on the Plate 1 (Geologic Map) and test pit and boring logs are included in Appendix A. x Preparation of a Geologic Map (Plate 1).

GeoSoils Consultants Inc.

Page 2 ends

Palmdale City CouncilMay 1, 2024

Palmdale City Council
May 1, 2024