Paradise City Council
March 12, 2024

Town of Paradise
Town Council Meeting Agenda
6:00 PM – March 12, 2024
Town of Paradise Council Chamber – 5555 Skyway, Paradise, CA

Meeting Procedures
I. The Mayor is the Presiding Chair and is responsible for maintaining an orderly meeting. The Mayor calls the meeting to order and introduces each item on the agenda.

II. The Town staff then provides a report to Council and answers questions from the Council.

III. Citizens are encouraged to participate in the meeting process and are provided several opportunities to address Council. Any speaker addressing the Council is limited to three minutes per speaker - fifteen minutes per agenda item A. If you wish to address the Council regarding a specific agenda item, please complete a “Request to Address Council” card and give it to the Town Clerk prior to the beginning of the meeting. This process is voluntary and allows for citizens to be called to the speaker podium in alphabetical order.

Comments and questions from the public must be directed to the Presiding Chair and Town Council Members (please do not address staff.) Town staff is available to address citizen concerns Monday through Thursday at Town Hall between the hours of 8am and 5pm.

B. If you wish to address Council regarding an item not on the agenda, you may do so under Item 4, “Public Communication.” Again, please fill out a card and give it to the Town Clerk before the meeting. State Law prohibits Council action on items not listed on a public agenda.

In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Compliance, persons who need special accommodations to participate in the Town Council meeting may contact the Town Clerk at least three business days prior to the date of the meeting to provide time for any such accommodation.

Town Manager, Jim Goodwin
Town Attorney, Scott E. Huber
Town Clerk/Elections Official, Dina Volenski
CDD, Planning & Onsite, Susan Hartman
CDD, Building & Code Enforcement, Tony Lindsey
Finance Director/Town Treasurer, Aimee Beleu
Public Works Director/Town Engineer, Marc Mattox
Division Chief, CAL FIRE/Paradise Fire, Garrett Needles Chief of Police, Eric Reinbold
Recovery & Economic Development Director, Colette Curtis Human Resources & Risk Management Director, Crystal Peters Information Systems Director, Luis Marquez
Mayor, Ron Lassonde
Vice Mayor, Greg Bolin
Council Member, Steve Crowder
Council Member, Steve “Woody” Culleton
Council Member, Rose Tryon
1 1. OPENING
1a. Call to Order
1b. Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America 1c. Invocation
1d. Roll Call
1e. Paradise Moose Lodge presentation of Tommy and Rosie Moose dolls for first responders, presented by Cal Turner and Jerry Lundberg. 1f. Paradise Fire Department 2023 Year in Review - Garrett Needles, Paradise Fire Chief
1g. Camp Fire Recovery Updates - Written reports are included in the agenda packet.
p6 Colette Curtis, Recovery and Economic Development Director - Recovery Projects, Advocacy, Economic Recovery and Development, Communications and Emergency Operations.
p9 Marc Mattox, Public Works Director/Town Engineer - Infrastructure and Sewer Update.
p11 Tony Lindsey, CDD-Building and Code Enforcement-Code Enforcement Update.
p15 Kate Anderson, Business and Housing Manager-Business and Housing Update.

2. CONSENT CALENDAR
One roll call vote is taken for all items. Consent items are considered to be routine business that does not call for discussion.
2a. p16 Approve minutes of the February 13, 2024 Regular and Special Town Council meetings and February 16, 2024 Special Town Council meeting. 2b. p25 Approve February 2024 Cash Disbursements in the amount of $2,350,480.36.
2c. p33 Acknowledge receipt of and file the Planning Commission’s annual report concerning implementation status of the 1994 Paradise General Plan and Housing Element for the 2023 calendar year.
2d. p60 Approve write-off of uncollectible miscellaneous invoices and citations which are attached as Exhibit A.
2e. p80 Approve and authorize Town staff to implement the Hazardous Fuels Reduction Project. Project would include the hiring of three (3) full-time, limited term staff members to facilitate the 36-month program that will increase capacity for hazardous fuels along all Town Right-of-Ways. 2f. p81 1. Re-appoint two Planning Commissioners, Charles Holman and Zeb Reynolds, whose terms will expire on June 30, 2024 for one 4-year term effective July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2028; or,
2 3

2. Approve a Notice of Vacancy and application and authorize staff to advertise the upcoming vacancies on the Planning Commission and designate two (2) Town Council members to serve as an interview panel.

3. ITEMS REMOVED FROM CONSENT CALENDAR

4. PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
For matters that are not on the Council business agenda, speakers are allowed three (3) minutes to address the Council. The Town Council is prohibited from taking action on matters that are not listed on the public agenda. The Council may briefly respond for clarification and may refer the matter to the Town staff.

5. PUBLIC HEARINGS
For items that require a published legal notice and/or a mailed notice.

Public Hearing Procedure:

A. Staff Report
B. Mayor opens the hearing for public comment in the following order:
i. Project proponents (in favor of proposal)
ii. Project opponents (against proposal)
iii. Rebuttals – if requested
C. Mayor closes the hearing
D. Council discussion and vote
5a. p82 1. Consider concurring with the recommended actions adopted by the Planning Commission of February 27, 2024, and embodied within Planning Commission Resolution No. 2024-01; and, 2. Concur that the final draft Safety Element is within the scope of the previously adopted Negative Declaration; and, 3. Adopt Town of Paradise Resolution No. 2024-______, “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Adopting an Amendment to the Safety Element of the 1994 Paradise General Plan and Finding the Amendment Within the Scope of the Certified Negative Declaration Prepared for the Town of Paradise Housing and Safety Element Updates: Town of Paradise Safety Element 2024 Update”; or, 4. Provide alternative direction to town staff. (ROLL CALL VOTE)

6. COUNCIL CONSIDERATION
Action items are presented by staff and the vote of each Council Member must be announced. A roll call vote is taken for each item on the action calendar. Citizens are allowed three (3) minutes to comment on agenda items.
6a. p219 1. Consider concurring with staff’s recommendation for awarding the contract for Progressive Design Build Services for the Paradise Sewer Project to the Mountain Cascade-Carollo team; and, 2. Authorize the Town Manager to enter into a Progressive Design Build Contract (2023-005) with the recommended firm, contingent upon approval by the Town Attorney; and, 3. Adopt Resolution No. 2024-__, “A Resolution Designating Authority to the Paradise Town Manager to Execute Individual Contract Amendments Under the Resultant Progressive Design Build Contract for RFQ 2023-005 Progressive Design Build Services with Mountain Cascade/Carollo Engineers for the Paradise Sewer Project up to the maximum contract aggregate amount of $17,000,000 to complete the initial design and 3 progressive design build process for the Paradise Sewer Project.” (ROLL

CALL VOTE)
6b. p558 1. Consider directing staff to enter into an agreement with the City of Chico to provide an investment of $75,000 to the Chico Airport Revenue Guarantee Fund; and, 2. Direct staff to enter into an agreement with Adventist Health Feather River Foundation to accept $75,000 in matching funds, contingent upon approval by Adventist Health Feather River Foundation; and, 3. Direct Staff to transmit a total investment of $150,000, contingent on matching funds approval, to the City of Chico Airport Revenue Guarantee Fund; or, 4. Provide alternate direction. (ROLL CALL VOTE) 6c. p561 1. Discuss and consider concurring with staff recommendation to approve the Intergovernmental Subrecipient Agreement for the Town of Paradise to assist Paradise Irrigation District in utilizing CDBG-DR funds; and, 2. Adopt Resolution No. 2024-__, A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise authorizing the Town Manager, or his designee, to sign the Intergovernmental Subrecipient Agreement to allow the Town of Paradise to administer and support in the utilization of CDBG-DR funds allocated to PID by HCD via the CDBG-DR program. (ROLL CALL VOTE) 6d. p721 1. Consider adopting Resolution No. 2024-____, “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Adopting the California Uniform Public Construction Cost Accounting Act Policy and Procedure” and, 2.

Consider waiving the first reading of the Town of Paradise Ordinance No. 634 and read by title only; and, 3. Introduce Town Ordinance No. 634 “An Ordinance Adding Section 2.45.105 to the Paradise Municipal Code Relating to an Informal Bid Process for Public Works Projects of $200,000 or Less.” (ROLL CALL VOTE)
6e. p726 1. Consider adopting Resolution No. 2024-___, “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Awarding Contract No. 9435, Fire Station 82 Re-Roofing Project to Four Seasons Roofing of Chico in the Amount of Their Base Bid Plus Additive Bid Number One” for a total of $37,088.00 and, 2. Authorize the Town Manager to execute an agreement with Four Seasons Roofing in the amount of their base plus additive bid number one and to approve contingency expenditures not exceeding 10%. (ROLL CALL VOTE)
6f. p745 Hear an update on the potential applicability of Red-Light Enforcement Cameras in Paradise.
6g. p748 1. Discuss and consider adopting Resolution No. 2024-__, "A Resolution of The Town Council of The Town of Paradise Making Findings Concerning Sole Vendor For The Purchase of E-Citation and Collision reporting software, by Crossroads Software Inc. Pursuant To Paradise Municipal Code Sections 2.45.070B, 245.070C, and 245.070G"; and, 2.

Authorize the Town Manager to enter into an agreement to purchase the Crossroads software and to pay Sun Ridge Systems (RIMS) for the integration of the software into the Police Department’s CAD system. (ROLL

CALL VOTE)
4 5
6h. p753 Provide an update on Police Department Drone Program and review policy with Council. (Adopted May 9, 2023)
6i. p756 Discuss and consider adopting the following: 1. Adopt Resolution No. 2024-__ , “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Approving an application for funding and the execution of a grant agreement and any amendments thereto from the 2023-2024 funding year of the State CDBG Mitigation Resilience Infrastructure (MIT-RIP) program.” and, 2.

Adopt Resolution No. 2024-__ , “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Approving an application for funding and the execution of a grant agreement and any amendments thereto from the 2023-2024 funding year of the State CDBG Resilient Planning and Public Services (MIT-PPS) Program.” (ROLL CALL VOTE)

7. COUNCIL INITIATED ITEMS AND REPORTS
7a. Council initiated agenda items
7a1. p765 Discuss Ordinance No. 632 and the provisions for residents to store RVs on vacant properties. (CULLETON)
7a2. Discuss electronic signs in the Commercial Zones. (CULLETON) 7b. Council reports on committee representation
7c. Future Agenda Items

8. STAFF COMMUNICATION
8a. Town Manager Report

9. CLOSED SESSION

10. ADJOURNMENT

5 Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: March 12, 2024
Agenda Item: 1(g)
ORIGINATED BY: Colette Curtis, Recovery and Economic
Development Director
REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Monthly Recovery Update

LONG TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

Yes
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. None
Background:

This report continues the Monthly Updates provided to keep the Town Council apprised of important developments related to the recovery of the Town of Paradise from the Camp Fire.

Included in this update are items related to recovery projects, advocacy economic recovery and development, communications and emergency operations.

Analysis:

ECONOMC DEVELOPMENT
CDBG-DR Economic Development
 The Butte County allocation for CDBG DR Economic Development is $18.7 Million  The Town worked with our regional workforce partners on an application for a workforce training center, located on the Paradise High School campus, that will focus on resilient building techniques.
 Our partners include Paradise Unified School District, Butte College, Valley Contractor’s Exchange, and NorTEC.
 The application has been submitted.
 Status of the application and funding will be shared as soon as it is available.

Restoration of Regional Air Service
 Council heard a presentation regarding the restoration of air service at the Chico Airport at their last Council meeting and asked staff to bring back a proposal for investment into the Revenue Guarantee Fund.
 An item will be presented tonight with a staff recommendation for investment. 6 RECOVERY
Category 4 Tree Removal Program
 Program opened to applicants in July of 2022 and received 577 applicants. This represents 1,014 acres of private property across the Town.  Phase 2 Federal Environmental Review actions are now complete. CalOES is now completing final reviews and obligation processes. We anticipate full approval in the next 5-6 weeks.
 Town staff are working day with BCFSC on the implementation plan in order to be able to move quickly upon approval by FEMA.
 The first 3 RFPs for the project were published the last week of February for a Forester, Archeology, and Biological Surveyor.
 In March, we will begin property owner outreach and authorization paperwork for Phase two tree removal.

Early Warning Sirens
 All towers are standing and operational.
 20 of the 21 standing Towers have all aesthetic branches installed.  7 of the 8 traffic cameras have been installed.
 15 of the 21 have completed trenching and are connected to permanent power or in process of connecting.
 The final tower foundation (Rocky Ln.) is complete and the tower should be standing by the March Council meeting.
 We anticipate full system completion, training and handover of the operation will occur in June 2024 in coordination with the future 24 hour dispatch center.  We are working with HQE team and FEMA for options to consider for supplementing the system to increase options for audibility and expect a Council update in April.

Residential Ignition Resistant Retrofit Program
 This project was opened to residents to apply in May 2023 and closed July 31, 2023.  118 property owners have submitted applications.
 Assessments were completed in October 2023 and all Phase 1 closeout documents transferred to CalOES/FEMA for final environmental review.  Phase 2 retrofits will occur upon full approval of the environmental process in early 2024.

Hazardous Fuels Reduction Program
 We are working with the Public Works team and expect an implementation plan to come before Council in the coming months.

Defensible Space Code Enforcement
 The Defensible Space Code Enforcement Project was fully approved in November 2023 by FEMA and Cal OES.
 Town Staff are coordinating the process to implement this project in order to have the program operating for the Spring 2024 inspection season.  Town Council approved an implementation plan in January 2024. Human Resources has posted approved limited term project positions and is in the interview process. 7 COMMUNICATIONS
State of the Town
 The Town of Paradise is working with the Paradise Chamber of Commerce on a “State of the Town” presentation in conjunction with a ridge business update.  The Chamber will host the event on March 27th at 3pm at Paradise Elks Lodge.

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
 The Town is working on an agreement with Butte County for a virtual EOC platform to streamline EOC processes.
 The Town is working with Butte County to update the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) in advance of the 2024 deadline.

Financial Impact:

None.
8 1

TOWN OF PARADISE
Council Agenda Summary
Date: March 12, 2024
Agenda No. 1(g)
ORIGINATED BY: Marc Mattox, Public Works Director / Town Engineer REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager

SUBJECT: Camp Fire Recovery Updates - Infrastructure
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. None, written monthly update only.

Background:

This report continues the Monthly Disaster Recovery Updates provided to keep the Town Council apprised of important developments related to the recovery of the Town of Paradise from the Camp Fire.

Analysis:

Road Rehabilitation
In August, Town Council awarded a contract to Hat Creek Construction for road rehabilitation work in areas such as lower Honey Run Road, Circlewood Drive, Glen Drive, Stearns Road, DeMille Road, Malibu Drive, Nunneley Road, Kibler Road and others. The project’s first phase is complete, paving the Circlewood neighborhood, Honey Run Road and downtown streets.

Remaining work will be completed in spring of 2024. A map of the project areas is provided below:

Complete
Complete
9 2
Project approvals for 2024 paving projects (20 miles) are complete. Staff has advertised the OnSystem Road Rehabilitation project for 2024 with award expected in March – if awarded, work will begin in June 2024.

Paradise Sewer Project
Accomplishments in Past Month
Finalized contract negotiations with the Mountain Cascade – Carollo team.

Aligned with the DFA team in monthly recurring coordination meeting, including receiving updates on DFA review status.

Met with the Project Coordination Team (PCT), including representative from the Town, HDR & Chico.

Engaged with City of Chico, PG&E and Butte County to gather available design support data.

Progressed preparations for permit submittals via initial and follow-up consultation meetings.

Key Activities in the Next Month
Kick-off the Project with the Mountain Cascade – Carollo team.

Align with the DFA team in monthly recurring coordination meeting, including providing an introduction to the HCD leadership team.

Complete initial informal consultations with remaining permitting entities and submit Biological Assessment.
10

Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: March 12, 2024
Agenda Item: 1(g)
ORIGINATED BY: Tony Lindsey, Community Development
Director, Building & Code Enforcement
REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Camp Fire Recovery Updates – Code Enforcement

LONG-TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

No
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

None.

Background:

The Code Enforcement Division is committed to fostering a safe and appealing living and working environment. Our mission is to uphold and enhance our community's overall quality through the fair and impartial implementation of an enforcement program to rectify violations of municipal codes and land use regulations. In collaboration with residents, neighborhood associations, public service agencies, and other Town departments, we strive to:
 Promote voluntary compliance with Town codes.
 Identify and address violations promptly and fairly.
 Foster collaboration efforts to address community concerns.  Actively engage with the community in navigating the code enforcement process.

Analysis:

Temporary Use Permits (TUPs) are issued under the Urgency Ordinance (Exhibit A).

February January
Parcels with RV Storage only 51 51
Parcels permitted to occupy an RV 83 83
Accessory structures 13 13
All permit holders were notified about extensions, revocations, and upcoming expiration dates.

RV Code Enforcement activity. (Exhibit B):

February January
Occupied sites without TUPs 23 26
Occupied sites with TUP Violations 7 4
Compliance gained/RV cases closed 4 4
The Community Enhancement Outreach Team, comprised of Disaster Case Managers, Fire 11

Prevention, Housing, Police Department, and Code Enforcement personnel, visited permitted and unpermitted RV sites. Throughout these visits, the team engaged with community members to address unmet needs and provided information about available assistance programs.

February January
Sites Visited 30 38
Community members contacted 22 21
Tenants 10 7
Owner-occupied 12 14
Supplied contact information 12 15
Do not qualify 2 2
Fire Prevention is crucial to our community's safety and supports our continued economic growth, focusing on three primary goals: Education, Engineering, and Enforcement. Our defensible space and hazardous fuel management ordinance requires property owners to uphold fire-safe conditions, regardless of residency. The dedicated Fire Prevention team conducts weed abatement inspections on 11,100 parcels throughout our community to ensure compliance and reduce fire hazards.

Escrow defensible space inspections February January
 Clearance requests received 69 68
 Certificates issued 60 65
 Land Surveyor's Certifications 17 18
 First inspection compliance rate 81% 94%
Weed abatement inspections
 Compliant parcels 8,761 – 79% 8,690 – 78%
 Active Code cases 214 225
 Commercial parcels 17 17
 Residential parcels 197 208
Other Code Enforcement Items:

Abandoned Vehicle Authority February January
 Abatements 5 1
Commercial Sign February January
 Violations 2 3
Only 2 out of the original 98 violations are outstanding. The Recovery and Economic Department will make one final push to these property owners before reallocating the grant funds.

Additionally, Code Enforcement received complaints covering various issues, including waste and refuse problems, zoning violations related to signs, construction without the required permits, fire hazards, concerns about vehicles, unauthorized dwellings, absence of garbage service, grading issues, vending, and unpermitted laydown yards. 12 TUPs under ORD 612 5/31/22
RV TUP STORAGE ONLY RV TUP OCCUPIED 7/27/2022
12/21/2022 13
TUPs under ORD 612

RV TUP STORAGE ONLY RV TUP OCCUPIED
TUP Violations 5/31/22
Violations w/ TUP RV no TUP
12/21/2022 7/27/2022
14 Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: March 12, 2024
Agenda Item: 1(g)
ORIGINATED BY: Nadia Alekseev, Housing Program Technician REVIEWED BY: James Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Housing Recovery Update

LONG TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

No
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

None
Background:

This report provides the Town Council with an update on Housing activities.

Analysis:

We have 34.5% of our pre-disaster housing stock to-date (1,377 surviving units + 2,769 new CofOs to-date [an increase of 27 from last month] = 4,146 habitable dwellings / 12,015 housing units before the Camp Fire).

An additional 638 permits have been issued but have not received their CofO yet.

Town of Paradise Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation/Reconstruction Program ($16 million) -- This program helps homeowners rehabilitate or reconstruct their home. We have completed 51 homes, have 11 under construction, and 16 applications in process.

Town of Paradise First-Time Homebuyer Program ($7 million) -- Helping to make home ownership more affordable. We have assisted 31 households to-date and have 14 applications in process.

CDBG-DR Multifamily Rental Housing Program ($55 million) -- Affordable rental housing. Seven (7) projects are eligible for funding; a total of 290 units. One project (4 units) has leased up, and two projects (55 units) are under construction and anticipated to be completed this fall. Two more projects (91 units) have received tax credits and are working toward construction, and the last 2 projects (140 units) have applied for tax credits.

CDBG (2023 Annual Allocation=$100,691; unspent funds=$109,305) -- Continuing to fund public services and lot acquisition for affordable homeownership. CV funds ($208,244 not included above) can assist households living in RVs with emergency rental assistance; applications available now; 1 application in process.

HOME Infill New Construction ($700,000) -- Create affordable housing for first-time homebuyers. Grant has been awarded but still waiting for Standard Agreement from HCD. Not expected now until March.

Permanent Local Housing Allocation (PLHA) ($399,166) – Allocates matching funds to North Valley Housing Trust to administer short-term, pre-development loans for affordable multifamily projects. First predevelopment loan of $400,000 has been made ($200,000 of PLHA funds).

Financial Impact:

None.
15 MINUTES

PARADISE TOWN COUNCIL
SPECIAL MEETING – 5:00 PM – February 13, 2024

1. OPENING
The Special meeting of the Paradise Town Council was called to order by Mayor Lassonde at 5:00 p.m. in the Council Chambers located at 5555 Skyway, Paradise, California who led the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America.

COUNCIL MEMBERS PRESENT: Greg Bolin, Steve Crowder, Steve “Woody” Culleton, Rose Tryon and Ronald Lassonde, Mayor.

COUNCIL MEMBERS ABSENT: None
STAFF PRESENT: Town Manager Jim Goodwin, Town Clerk/Elections Official Dina Volenski, Town Attorney Scott E. Huber and Public Works Director/Town Engineer Marc Mattox.

At 5:02 p.m. Mayor Lassonde announced that the Town Council would adjourn to Closed Session for the following items:

2. CLOSED SESSION
2a. Pursuant to Government Code section 54956.9(d)(4), the Town Council will meet with the Town Manager and Town Attorney to consider initiation of litigation - two (2) potential cases.

After reconvening from Closed Session at 5:50 p.m. Mayor Lassonde announced that no reportable action was taken, direction was given.

3. ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Lassonde adjourned the Council meeting at 5:54 p.m.

Date approved:

By: Attest:
________________________ _________________________
Ronald Lassonde, Mayor Dina Volenski, CMC, Town Clerk
16 TOWN COUNCIL
Meeting Minutes
6:00 PM – February 13, 2024

1. OPENING
The Regular meeting of the Paradise Town Council was called to order by Mayor Lassonde at 6:00 p.m. in the Town Council Chamber located at 5555 Skyway, Paradise, California who led the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America.

An invocation was offered by Council Member Culleton.

COUNCIL MEMBERS PRESENT: Greg Bolin, Steve Crowder, Steve “Woody” Culleton, Rose Tryon and Ronald Lassonde, Mayor
COUNCIL MEMBERS ABSENT: None
STAFF PRESENT: Town Manager Jim Goodwin, Town Attorney Scott E. Huber, Town Clerk/Elections Official Dina Volenski, Finance Director/Town Treasurer Aimee Beleu, Public Works Director/Town Engineer Marc Mattox, Community Development Director Susan Hartman, Community Development Director Tony Lindsey, Recovery and Economic Development Director Colette Curtis, Business and Housing Manager Kate Anderson, Recovery and Economic Development Project Manager Brian Solecki, Information Systems Director Luis Marquez, Police Chief Eric Reinbold, Police Lieutenant Anthony Borgman, and Police Lieutenant Cameron Kovacs.

Mayor Lassonde stated that in order for the Council to discuss and make the recommendation of accepting the Notice of Completion for the Interim Striping Safety Project 2023 - the item must be formally added to the agenda under the consent calendar.

It takes two thirds vote to add the item to the agenda, or if less than two thirds are present a unanimous vote of those present.

As such, Council is requested to take the following actions:

Pursuant to Government Code Section 54954.2(b)(2) the Town Council finds that there is a need to take immediate action and that the need came to the attention of the Town after the posting of the agenda concerning the following item:
2(n) Consider adopting Resolution No. 2024- , “ A Resolution of the Town Council of Town of Paradise accepting the work performed under the Interim Striping Safety Project 2023 Contract 9429.CON performed by Specialized Pavement Marking, LLC”.

Motion by Bolin, seconded by Crowder, the Town Council finds that there is a need to take immediate action and that the need came to the attention of the Town after the posting of the agenda and added Agenda Item 2(n) to the consent calendar. Roll call vote was unanimous.
17 1a. Town Council recognition of Employee Service to the Town of Paradise for 2023 was ready by Vice Mayor Bolin and presented by Mayor Lassonde. (360-20-022)
15 Years
Shawn Jordan - Police Department
Dina Volenski - Town Clerk Department
John Wilkey - Police Department
10 Years
Colette Curtis - Recovery and Economic Development Department Marc Mattox - Public Works and Engineering Departments
5 Years
Andrew Anaya - Animal Control
LeAnn Rice - Fire Department
Mollie St John - Animal Control
Dominic Vannucci - Police Department
Tanya Yelenskaya - Community Development Department
1b. Special recognition was awarded to sworn and non-sworn police personnel and volunteers for their exemplary contributions to the department and presented by Police Chief Eric Reinbold.

Officer of the Year:

Officer, Andrew Cooper
Dispatcher of the Year:

Support Services Supervisor, Jeannette Huggins
Civilian Employee of the Year:

Property & Evidence Technician, Shawn Jordan
VIP of the Year:

Lisa Robinson
PASH Volunteer of the Year:

Charlotte Amoroso
1c. The Presentation of VIPS 2023 Annual Report was given by Lisa Robinson. (480-60-009)
1d. Executive Director, Monica Nolan presented on Paradise Ridge Chamber of Commerce newly release social media platforms and website, “Welcome to the Ridge”.
1e. Executive Director, Jen Goodlin presented on the Rebuild Paradise Foundation and the handprint mural project.
1f. Camp Fire Recovery Updates - Written reports are included in the agenda packet. (110-60-061)
18 Colette Curtis, Recovery and Economic Development Director - Recovery Projects, Advocacy, Economic Recovery and Development,
Communications and Emergency Operations.

Marc Mattox, Public Works Director/Town Engineer - Infrastructure and Sewer Update.

Tony Lindsey, CDD-Building and Code Enforcement-Code Enforcement Update.

Kate Anderson, Business and Housing Manager-Business and Housing Update.

2. CONSENT CALENDAR

MOTION by Bolin, seconded by Tryon, approved consent calendar items 2a through 2l and item 2n. Item 2m was removed from the consent calendar by Vice Mayor Bolin. Roll call vote was unanimous.
2a. Approved the Regular minutes of the January 9, 2024, Town Council meeting.
2b. Approved January 2024 Cash Disbursements in the amount of $3,572,262.23. (310-10-035)
2c. 1. Waived the second reading of Town Ordinance No. 633 and read by title only; and, 2. Adopted Town Ordinance No. 633 “An Ordinance Amending Paradise Municipal Code Chapter 15.09 Relating to The Fire Code And Burn Permits.” (540-16-202)
2d. Adopted Resolution No. 2024-03, “A Resolution of the Town Council of Town of Paradise accepting the work performed under the 2023 On-System Roadway Rehabilitation – Pearson (Project 2)/ HSIP Systemic Intersection Safety Improvement Project Contract 7303.2 CON performed by Baldwin Contracting Company, Inc. dba Knife River Construction.” (510-20-368) 2e. 1. Adopted Resolution No. 2024-04, “A Resolution of The Town Council of the Town of Paradise Authorizing Disposal of Certain Town Records Maintained in the Town Clerk Department Pursuant to Government Code Section 34090”; and,

2. Adopted Resolution No. 2024-05, “A Resolution of The Town Council of the Town of Paradise Authorizing Disposal of Certain Town Records Maintained in the Human Resources Department Pursuant to Government Code Section 34090.” (160-20-016, 160-20-017)
2f. Adopted Resolution No. 2024-06, a Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise to finalize and obligate the CalFire California Climate Investment Grant Agreement in order to receive up to $2,469,159.00 in match funding for Phase 2 Tree Removal. (420-25-009, 510-20-405) 2g. Reviewed and approved Town of Paradise Investment Policy – Administrative Policy No. 140. (360-30-002, 110-10-020) 19 2h. Adopted Resolution No. 2024-07, “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise to Assign Council Member Participation to the Legislative Committee.” (120-10-010)
2i. 1. Declared the Police Department equipment as surplus property; and, 2.

Adopted Resolution No. 2024-08, “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise declaring certain Town Equipment to be surplus and obsolete and authorizing disposal by the Town Manager or his designee.” (380-10-003)
2j. Reviewed and filed the 2nd Quarter Investment Report for the Fiscal Year ending June 30, 2024. (360-30-006)
2k. Adopted Resolution No. 2024-09 “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Repealing Resolution No. 15-45, and Amending and Restating Procedures Relating to the Conduct of Town Council Meetings.” (580-40-025)
2l. Accepted a donation of $5,000 from the Rotary Club of Paradise to support the E-Citation program. (395-50-024, 480-35-002)
2m. ITEM REMOVED FROM THE CONSENT CALENDAR.
2n. Adopted Resolution No. 2024-10, “A Resolution of the Town Council of Town of Paradise accepting the work performed under the Interim Striping Safety Project 2023 Contract 9429.CON performed by Specialized Pavement Marking, LLC”. (510-20-402, 950-40-069)

3. ITEMS REMOVED FROM CONSENT CALENDAR
Item 2m was removed from the consent calendar by Vice Mayor Bolin due to a potential conflict of interest. Vice Mayor Bolin recused himself from the dais at 6:59 p.m.
2m. MOTION by Tryon, seconded by Culleton, Authorized the not to exceed (NTE) increase amendment for $10,000 with the Butte Fire Safe Council and authorized the Town Manager to execute the amendment in order to continue with FEMA/Cal OES approved Pre-Phase 2 award work. Roll call vote was unanimous with Vice Mayor Bolin absent and not voting. (510-20-381) Vice Mayor Bolin returned to the dais at 6:59 p.m.

4. PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

1. Shannon Hawkins asked about receiving an exception for Urgency Ordinance No. 632 and asked to be allowed to store her RV on her vacant property.

2. Carrie Max thanked the Town for allowing her to stay in an RV on her property for another year while she waits for her PG&E settlement money.

5. PUBLIC HEARINGS - None

6. COUNCIL CONSIDERATION
20 6a. Finance Director/Town Treasurer Aimee Beleu presented the proposed agreement for banking services with Tri Counties Bank.

1. Sonny Ventimiglio, a representative from Tri Counties Bank spoke on the proposed contract and on Tri Counties’ dedication to the Town of Paradise.

2. Scott Cadow, Vice President of Tri Counties Bank spoke about how the bank will secure the Town’s monies and what caused Silicon Valley Bank’s failure.

MOTION by Bolin, seconded by Culleton, authorized the Mayor and Town Manager to enter into an agreement for banking services with Tri Counties Bank for five years with an optional extension of two years, contingent upon final review and approval by the Town Attorney. Roll call vote was unanimous. (510-20-417)
6b. THIS ITEM WAS PULLED FROM THE AGENDA FOR FUTURE
CONSIDERATION.
p275 1. Consider concurring with staff’s recommendation for awarding the contract for Progressive Design Build Services for the Paradise Sewer Project to the Mountain Cascade-Carollo team; and, 2. Authorize the Town Manager to enter into a Progressive Design Build Contract (2023-005) with the recommended firm, contingent upon approval by the Town Attorney; and, 3. Adopt Resolution No. 2024-__, “A Resolution Designating Authority to the Paradise Town Manager to Execute Individual Contract Amendments Under the Resultant Progressive Design Build Contract for RFQ 2023-005 Progressive Design Build Services with Mountain Cascade/Carollo Engineers for the Paradise Sewer Project up to the maximum contract aggregate amount of $17,000,000 to complete the initial design and progressive design build process for the Paradise Sewer Project” (ROLL CALL VOTE) This item will be brought back on a future agenda. 6c. Public Works Director/Town Engineer Marc Mattox provided an overview of the proposed Roe Road Extension Phase 2 Local Transportation Climate Adaptation Program.

MOTION by Bolin, seconded by Tryon,1. Approved a Letter of Intent to the California Transportation Commission relating to the Town’s $33,000,000 Roe Rd Extension Phase 2 Local Transportation Climate Adaptation Program grant award and funding needs for project construction; and, 2. Approved a Letter of Support for the Town’s $25,000,000 federal Rebuilding American Infrastructure with Sustainability and Equity (RAISE) funding opportunity; and, 3. Allocated $3,800,000 of the Town’s Paradise Recovery & Operations Reserve to leverage the Roe Road Extension Phase 2 Project. (180-30-101, 950-40-059)
6d. Recovery and Economic Development Director Colette Curtis introduced representatives from the Chico Regional Airport. The airport representatives presented marketing investment opportunities available to 21 Paradise in support of reopening the Chico Regional Airport.

Council directed staff to continue research into these investment opportunities and their specific benefit to Paradise and to bring the findings back to Council.

7. COUNCIL INITIATED ITEMS AND REPORTS
7a. Council initiated agenda items
7a1. Discussion of lay down yards/citations and utility work on private roads (CULLETON)
Council discussed the current process of lay down yards/citations and utility work on private roads. Community Development Director Tony Lindsey clarified the procedural processes through the Building Department and Code Enforcement. Council determined the current process was sufficient.
7b. Council reports on committee representation
Council Member Tryon reported that the monthly Butte County Association of Government (BCAG) meeting had been cancelled; she attended Butte County Air Quality Management District (BCAQMD) meeting where she was reappointed to the Executive Committee; and that she attended the Butte County Fire Safe Council (BCFSC)board member meeting.

Vice Mayor Bolin attended Butte Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCO) and Solid Waste Committee meetings.

Council Member Crowder reported on his trip to Washington DC; attended the swear-in of a new dispatcher; attended the BCFSC open-house; several new business grand openings; and participated in interviewing applicants for Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) funds administered by Business and Housing.

Council Member Culleton attended the Solid Waste Committee meeting and participated in interviewing applicants for CDBG funds administered by Business and Housing.

Mayor Lassonde attended the Butte County Oversight Board meeting; the True Value and Paradise Playdium ribbon cuttings; participated in the Legislative Tour of Paradise; attended a meeting to discuss Paradise tourism; and was interviewed by Blue Flamingo for the Make it Paradise blog.
7c. Future Agenda Items
7c1. Council Member Culleton asked to discuss Ordinance No. 632 and the provisions for residents to store RVs on vacant properties at a future Council meeting.
22 8. STAFF COMMUNICATION
8a. Town Manager Jim Goodwin apologized for the last-minute change to the agenda concerning item 6b. He disclosed the Town Attorney advised to pull the item until staff could present a more polished contract than was included in the agenda packet.

Community Development Director Susan Hartman shared that Planning Commission approved the use permit for a 72-unit multi-housing family project; permits have been issued for the Cypress Lane Family apartments; permits have been issued for a 21-unit senior housing project; CDD received a rebuild application for a 10-unit project on Oliver Road; CDD received a rebuild application for Country Club Market on Stearns; and CDD received a wastewater review for a 10-unit apartment complex. Ms.

Hartman shared that Planning Commission will review the Safety Element at a Special Meeting in February; CDD issued a minor tenant improvement permit for an Italian restaurant on Pearson; it is believed that Wendy’s has decided to wait for the sewer to rebuild; and shared that Jack-in-the-Box has been looking to buy property and reopen in Paradise.

9. CLOSED SESSION - None

10. ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Lassonde adjourned the meeting at 8:47 p.m.

Date approved:

By: Attest:
_____________________ _________________________
Ronald Lassonde, Mayor Dina Volenski, CMC, Town Clerk
23 MINUTES

PARADISE TOWN COUNCIL
SPECIAL MEETING – 8:00 AM – February 16, 2024

1. OPENING
The Special meeting of the Paradise Town Council was called to order by Mayor Lassonde at 8:03 a.m. in the Council Chambers located at 5555 Skyway, Paradise, California who led the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America.

COUNCIL MEMBERS PRESENT: Greg Bolin, Steve Crowder, Steve “Woody” Culleton, and Ronald Lassonde, Mayor.

COUNCIL MEMBERS ABSENT: Rose Tryon
STAFF PRESENT: Town Manager Jim Goodwin, Town Clerk/Elections Official Dina Volenski, Public Works Director/Town Engineer Marc Mattox, Finance Director/Town Treasurer Aimee Beleu, Community Development Director Susan Hartman, Community Development Director Tony Lindsey, Recovery and Economic Development Director Colette Curtis, Human Resources and Risk Management Crystal Peters, Information Systems Director Luis Marquez, Business and Housing Manager Kate Anderson, Police Chief Eric Reinbold and Fire Chief Garrett Needles.

2. ANNUAL PLANNING WORKSHOP FOR THE TOWN COUNCIL AND STAFF 2a. Council and staff participated in a planning workshop facilitated by Scott Winters.

3. ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Lassonde adjourned the Council meeting at 12:17 p.m.

Date approved:

By: Attest:
________________________ _________________________
Ronald Lassonde, Mayor Dina Volenski, CMC, Town Clerk
24 TOWN OF PARADISE

CASH DISBURSEMENTS REPORT

FOR THE PERIOD OF
February 1, 2024 - February 29, 2024
25 CASH DISBURSEMENTS REPORT
February 1, 2024 - February 29, 2024
Check Date Pay Period End Description Amount Total
2/2/2024 1/28/2024 Net Payroll - Direct Deposits and Checks $ 227,644.00 2/16/2024 2/11/2024 Net Payroll - Direct Deposits and Checks $ 227,349.81 $ 454,993.81
Accounts Payable
Payroll Vendors: Taxes, PERS, Dues, Insurance, Etc. 531,426.97 Operations Vendors: Supplies, Contracts, Utilities, Etc. $1,364,059.58 TOTAL CASH DISBURSEMENTS ACCOUNTS PAYABLE 1,895,486.55
GRAND TOTAL CASH DISBURSEMENTS $ 2,350,480.36
APPROVED BY:

Aimee Beleu - Finance Director/Town Treasurer
APPROVED BY:

Jim Goodwin - Town Manager
26 Number Date Status Void Reason
Reconciled/
Voided Date Source Payee Name
Transaction
Amount
Reconciled
Amount Difference
AP - US Bank TOP AP Checking
Check
85317 02/01/2024 Open Accounts Payable ICMA 457 - MissionSquare $1,310.28 85318 02/01/2024 Open Accounts Payable STATE DISBURSEMENT UNIT $848.29 85319 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable 4LEAF, Inc $7,304.00 85320 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable ADO Professional Solutions, Inc. $2,152.80 85321 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable ADVENTIST HEALTH Clearlake $29.00 85322 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable ALLIANT INSURANCE $149.00 85323 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Amazon Capital Services $2,337.20 85324 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Anderson Brothers Corporation $18,022.00 85325 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable AT&T & CALNET3 - CIRCUIT LINES $102.91 85326 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable AT&T MOBILITY $89.46 85327 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - REPEATER LINES $197.05 85328 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - COMMUNITY PARK
$27.80
85329 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - Summary $27.93 85330 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - Summary $2,221.04 85331 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - TH/FDPD FIBER LINES
$1,053.16
85332 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Aviat U.S., Inc. $4,803.00 85333 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable AWARDS COMPANY $17.32 85334 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable BIDWELL TITLE & ESCROW $100,000.00 85335 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Big O Tires $249.95 85336 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Biometrics4ALL, Inc $15.00 85337 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Blue Flamingo Marketing Advocates $4,608.70 85338 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Bureau Veritas North America, Inc $57,299.88 85339 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable BUTTE REGIONAL TRANSIT $73.20 85340 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Calif Dept of Tax and Fee Administration
$14.41
85341 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable CALIFORNIA BUILDING

STANDARDS COMMISSION
$928.80
85342 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Code 3 Technologies $34,625.11 85343 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Cole Huber LLP $63,051.99 85344 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Cooper, Andrew $375.00 85345 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Cordico Psychological Corporation $500.00 85346 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable DATCO SERVICES CORPORATION $315.00 85347 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Denise Marie Hardesty Special Needs Trust
$84,904.29
85348 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Dewberry Engineers Inc. $5,127.43 85349 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Dobrich Septic Service, Inc. $985.00 85350 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Dokken Engineering, Inc. $2,770.24 85351 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable DURHAM PENTZ TRUCK CENTER $20.16 85352 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Employment Development Dept $3,600.00 85353 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Golden State Emergency Vehicle Service, Inc.
$258.07
85354 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable GREAT AMERICA LEASING CORP. $145.47 85355 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable GREEN RIDGE LANDSCAPING $5,296.00 85356 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Hawkins Delafield & Wood LLP $28,937.50 85357 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable HDR Engineering, Inc $144,065.62 85358 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Housing Authority of the County of Butte
$133,784.43
user: Aimee Beleu Pages: 1 of 6 Friday, March 1, 2024
Payment Register

TOWN OF PARADISE
From Payment Date: 2/1/2024 - To Payment Date: 2/29/2024 27 Number Date Status Void Reason
Reconciled/
Voided Date Source Payee Name
Transaction
Amount
Reconciled
Amount Difference
85359 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable I.M.P.A.C. PAYMENTS IMPAC GOV

SVCS/US BANCORP
$13,178.51
85360 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable INTERSTATE OIL COMPANY $203.88 85361 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable James or Lavenia Riotto $250.00 85362 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable JOHNNY ON THE SPOT

PORTABLES
$566.60
85363 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable KNIFE RIVER CONSTRUCTION $1,148.76 85364 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable KP Research Services, Inc. $1,578.88 85365 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable L.N. CURTIS & SONS $12,633.39 85366 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable LEAGUE OF CALIFORNIA CITIES $100.00 85367 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable LIFE ASSIST INC $172.40 85368 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Look Ahead Veterinary Services $1,099.33 85369 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Lui, Andrea $51.94 85370 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Mark Thomas & Company Inc $1,394.29 85371 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Mathew Blaine $125.00 85372 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable MCA Direct $108.54 85373 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Mendes Supply Company $261.87 85374 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Meyers Police K-9 Training, LLC $2,050.00 85375 02/08/2024 Voided Incorrect Bank 02/21/2024 Accounts Payable MID VALLEY TITLE & ESCROW $100,000.00 85376 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Mt Shasta Spring Water Co., Inc $671.82 85377 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Northern California Glove & Safety $278.59 85378 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable NORTHGATE PETROLEUM CO $10,872.98 85379 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable OFFICE DEPOT ACCT#36233169 $351.58 85380 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable PACIFIC GAS & ELECTRIC $2,171.97 85381 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable PARADISE IRRIGATION DIST $3,404.65 85382 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable PARADISE POST $309.07 85383 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Peters, Habib, McKenna, JuhlRhodes & Cardoza, LLP$354.00 85384 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable PETTY CASH, CHRISTINA

SHOEMAKER
$100.00
85385 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Rochelle Prest $100.00 85386 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable SBA Monarch Towers III LLC $180.09 85387 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Spherion Staffing $1,813.02 85388 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable T MOBILE USA, INC. $1,672.19 85389 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS ACE HARDWARE - ENG.

DEPT.
$423.62
85390 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS ACE HARDWARE - FIRE DEPT.
$29.23
85391 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS ACE HARDWARE -

MOTORPOOL
$12.20
85392 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS ACE HARDWARE - POLICE DEPT.
$46.32
85393 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Tri Flame Propane $538.01 85394 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable TURNBOW, DAVID LYNN $290.00 85395 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable TURNBOW, DEBBIE $396.00 85396 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Western Fire Supply $2,488.56 85397 02/08/2024 Open Accounts Payable Wood Rodgers, Inc. $734.32 85398 02/15/2024 Open Accounts Payable ICMA 457 - MissionSquare $1,310.28 85399 02/15/2024 Open Accounts Payable STATE DISBURSEMENT UNIT $848.29 85400 02/20/2024 Open Accounts Payable Aflac $57.98
85401 02/20/2024 Open Accounts Payable Met Life $12,673.24 user: Aimee Beleu Pages: 2 of 6 Friday, March 1, 2024
Payment Register

TOWN OF PARADISE
From Payment Date: 2/1/2024 - To Payment Date: 2/29/2024 28 Number Date Status Void Reason
Reconciled/
Voided Date Source Payee Name
Transaction
Amount
Reconciled
Amount Difference
85402 02/20/2024 Open Accounts Payable OPERATING ENGINEERS $1,088.00 85403 02/20/2024 Open Accounts Payable PARADISE POLICE OFFICERS

ASSOCIATION
$2,298.46
85404 02/20/2024 Open Accounts Payable SUN LIFE INSURANCE $7,628.01 85405 02/20/2024 Open Accounts Payable SUPERIOR VISION SVC INC $905.57 85406 02/20/2024 Open Accounts Payable TOP CONFIDENTIAL MID MGMT

ASSOCIATION
$60.00
85407 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable ABILITY USA $276.00 85408 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable ACCESS INFORMATION

PROTECTED
$130.17
85409 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable ADO Professional Solutions, Inc. $3,821.22 85410 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable AIRGAS SAFETY, INC. $417.32 85411 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Amazon Capital Services $183.13 85412 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Anderson Brothers Corporation $60,000.00 85413 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable ANIMAL HOSPITAL/VETMOBILE $74.85 85414 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Asbury Environmental Services $139.69 85415 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable AT&T & CALNET3 - CIRCUIT LINES $764.08 85416 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable AWARDS COMPANY $365.61 85417 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Bear Electrical Systems, Inc $1,696.00 85418 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Big O Tires $260.00 85419 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Blue Flamingo Marketing Advocates $3,409.95 85420 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Broad & Gusman $4,000.00 85421 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable BURTON'S FIRE, INC. $313.17 85422 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable BUTTE CO RECORDER $142.50 85423 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable CALIFORNIA STATE DEPARTMENT

OF JUSTICE
$906.00
85424 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Cobb, Bryan $240.00 85425 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Cole Huber LLP $53,515.83 85426 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable COMCAST CABLE $429.63 85427 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable COMCAST CABLE $166.63 85428 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable CSG Consultants, Inc. $22,242.50 85429 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Dalton, Ray $25.00 85430 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY &

FIRE PROTECTION
$1,589.56
85431 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Diana Cirimele $30.00 85432 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Dokken Engineering, Inc. $5,049.43 85433 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Eagle Security Systems $693.27 85434 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable ENLOE MEDICAL CENTER, INC. $794.00 85435 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Entersect $109.95 85436 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Golden State Emergency Vehicle Service, Inc.
$577.00
85437 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable I.M.P.A.C. PAYMENTS IMPAC GOV

SVCS/US BANCORP
$779.02
85438 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable INTERSTATE OIL COMPANY $227.54 85439 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable J.J.R. Enterprises Inc $1,092.73 85440 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable J2 Electric $611.00 85441 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Kimberley Hutton $71.39 85442 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable KOEFRAN INDUSTRIES $1,200.00 85443 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Kruger, Christopher $379.50 85444 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable L.N. CURTIS & SONS $3,567.86 85445 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable LACO Associates $12,750.00 user: Aimee Beleu Pages: 3 of 6 Friday, March 1, 2024
Payment Register

TOWN OF PARADISE
From Payment Date: 2/1/2024 - To Payment Date: 2/29/2024 29 Number Date Status Void Reason
Reconciled/
Voided Date Source Payee Name
Transaction
Amount
Reconciled
Amount Difference
85446 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable LES SCHWAB TIRE CENTER -

MOTORPOOL
$1,368.95
85447 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable LIFE ASSIST INC $500.60 85448 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Look Ahead Veterinary Services $130.90 85449 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Maine Town & City Clerks Association $80.00 85450 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Mark Thau Photography $150.00 85451 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Mt Shasta Spring Water Co., Inc $147.29 85452 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable MUNIMETRIX SYSTEMS CORP $39.99 85453 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable NAPA Auto Parts $1,047.94 85454 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable North State Tire Co. Inc. $442.31 85455 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable NORTHERN RECYCLING & WASTE SERVICES, INC.
$1,705.28
85456 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable NORTHGATE PETROLEUM CO $9,308.11 85457 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable NORTHSTAR $2,962.00 85458 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable NorthWestern Construction $14,290.00 85459 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable O'REILLY AUTO PARTS $216.50 85460 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable OFFICE DEPOT ACCT#36233169 $768.95 85461 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Old Republic Title Company $100,000.00 85462 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable PACIFIC GAS & ELECTRIC $22,208.81 85463 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable PARADISE POST $436.06 85464 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Parks, Lorissa $195.10 85465 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Psomas $65,302.29 85466 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable RENTAL GUYS - CHICO $2,756.73 85467 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Richardson & Company, LLP $2,575.00 85468 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Shelby's Pest Control, Inc. $80.00 85469 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Specialized Pavement Marking, LLC $9,624.04 85470 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Spherion Staffing $4,979.04 85471 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Stratti $22,576.63 85472 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable SUN RIDGE SYSTEMS, INC. $25,020.00 85473 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable SUTTER BUTTES
COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
$5,311.19
85474 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Tahoe Pure Water Co. $66.50 85475 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable The Ferguson Group $5,000.00 85476 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable The Flag Center $727.27 85477 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS ACE HARDWARE - ENG.

DEPT.
$364.30
85478 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS ACE HARDWARE - FIRE DEPT.
$48.76
85479 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS ACE HARDWARE -

MOTORPOOL
$79.32
85480 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS ACE HARDWARE - POLICE DEPT.
$51.99
85481 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Top Notch Commercial Cleaning Inc. $6,600.00 85482 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable TRUEPOINT SOLUTIONS, LLC $1,650.00 85483 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable TUCKER PEST CONTROL INC $95.00 85484 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Valley Lock & Safe $10.80 85485 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Vannucci, Dominic $306.00 85486 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable VERIZON WIRELESS $570.15 85487 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable VERIZON WIRELESS $1,206.66 85488 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable VERIZON WIRELESS $249.50 85489 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable Williams Scotsman, Inc. (Mobile Mini) $475.93 user: Aimee Beleu Pages: 4 of 6 Friday, March 1, 2024
Payment Register

TOWN OF PARADISE
From Payment Date: 2/1/2024 - To Payment Date: 2/29/2024 30 Number Date Status Void Reason
Reconciled/
Voided Date Source Payee Name
Transaction
Amount
Reconciled
Amount Difference
85490 02/22/2024 Open Accounts Payable WITTMEIER AUTO CENTER $245.63 85491 02/29/2024 Open Accounts Payable ICMA 457 - MissionSquare $1,310.28 85492 02/29/2024 Open Accounts Payable STATE DISBURSEMENT UNIT $783.68 Type Check Totals: 176 Transactions $1,398,781.94
EFT
1526 02/01/2024 Open Accounts Payable CALPERS - RETIREMENT $59,823.36 1527 02/01/2024 Open Accounts Payable EMPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENT

DEPARTMENT
$10,453.13
1528 02/01/2024 Open Accounts Payable ING LIFE INS & ANNUITY COMPANY $10,424.44 1529 02/01/2024 Open Accounts Payable INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE $35,592.14 1530 02/15/2024 Open Accounts Payable CALPERS - RETIREMENT $60,054.82 1531 02/15/2024 Open Accounts Payable EMPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENT

DEPARTMENT
$10,493.91
1532 02/15/2024 Open Accounts Payable ING LIFE INS & ANNUITY COMPANY $10,478.12 1533 02/15/2024 Open Accounts Payable INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE $35,818.52 1534 02/15/2024 Open Accounts Payable CALPERS $145,353.58 1535 02/29/2024 Open Accounts Payable CALPERS - RETIREMENT $60,894.89 1536 02/29/2024 Open Accounts Payable EMPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENT

DEPARTMENT
$10,690.95
1537 02/29/2024 Open Accounts Payable ING LIFE INS & ANNUITY COMPANY $10,478.12 1538 02/29/2024 Open Accounts Payable INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE $36,148.63 Type EFT Totals: 13 Transactions $496,704.61
AP - US Bank TOP AP Checking Totals
Checks Status Count Transaction Amount Reconciled Amount Open 175 $1,298,781.94 $0.00
Reconciled 0 $0.00 $0.00
Voided 1 $100,000.00 $0.00
Stopped 0 $0.00 $0.00
Total 176 $1,398,781.94 $0.00
EFTs Status Count Transaction Amount Reconciled Amount
user: Aimee Beleu Pages: 5 of 6 Friday, March 1, 2024
Payment Register

TOWN OF PARADISE
From Payment Date: 2/1/2024 - To Payment Date: 2/29/2024 31 Number Date Status Void Reason
Reconciled/
Voided Date Source Payee Name
Transaction
Amount
Reconciled
Amount Difference
Open 13 $496,704.61 $0.00
Reconciled 0 $0.00 $0.00
Voided 0 $0.00 $0.00
Total 13 $496,704.61 $0.00
All Status Count Transaction Amount Reconciled Amount
Open 188 $1,795,486.55 $0.00
Reconciled 0 $0.00 $0.00
Voided 1 $100,000.00 $0.00
Stopped 0 $0.00 $0.00
Total 189 $1,895,486.55 $0.00
Grand Totals:

Checks Status Count Transaction Amount Reconciled Amount Open 175 $1,298,781.94 $0.00
Reconciled 0 $0.00 $0.00
Voided 1 $100,000.00 $0.00
Stopped 0 $0.00 $0.00
Total 176 $1,398,781.94 $0.00
EFTs Status Count Transaction Amount Reconciled Amount
Open 13 $496,704.61 $0.00
Reconciled 0 $0.00 $0.00
Voided 0 $0.00 $0.00
Total 13 $496,704.61 $0.00
All Status Count Transaction Amount Reconciled Amount
Open 188 $1,795,486.55 $0.00
Reconciled 0 $0.00 $0.00
Voided 1 $100,000.00 $0.00
Stopped 0 $0.00 $0.00
Total 189 $1,895,486.55 $0.00
user: Aimee Beleu Pages: 6 of 6 Friday, March 1, 2024
Payment Register

TOWN OF PARADISE
From Payment Date: 2/1/2024 - To Payment Date: 2/29/2024 32 Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: March 12, 2024
Agenda Item: 2(c)
ORIGINATED BY: Susan Hartman, Community Development
Director – Planning & Wastewater
REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Acceptance of the 2023 Annual Report of the Paradise Planning Commission to the Town Council Regarding
the Implementation Status of the 1994 Paradise
General Plan & Housing Element

LONG TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

N/A
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. Acknowledge receipt of and file the Planning Commission’s annual report concerning implementation status of the 1994 Paradise General Plan and Housing Element for the 2023 calendar year.

Background:

General Plan Status
California Government Code Section 65400 requires a local planning agency (Paradise Planning Commission and staff) to annually review and provide a report to the local legislative body (i.e. the Town Council) concerning progress achieved toward the implementation of its General Plan.

The wording of the Government Code Section is as follows:

Provide an annual report to the Town Council on the status of the "General Plan" and progress in its implementation, including the progress in meeting its share of regional housing needs determined pursuant to section 65584 and local efforts to remove governmental constraints to the maintenance, improvement and development of housing...

On behalf of the Paradise Planning Commission, town staff is pleased to officially submit to the Town Council its annual "Calendar Year 2023 1994 Paradise General Plan Implementation Status Report" dated March 2024 (NOTE: Refer to attached copy of the report). The content of this report reflects General Plan implementation progress made during the 2023 calendar year. The report is a culmination of a work effort of the staff and Planning Commissioners.

Similar to the contents of prior annual reports, the attached annual report is submitted in a format that is directly linked with the 1994 Paradise General Plan Volume I - Policy Document. The report specifically lists individual General Plan policies and implementation measures, their respective text page number where located within the General Plan Volume I - Policy Document, and their respective implementation status.

In order for the attached report to be meaningful, each Town Council member may wish to refer 33 to their individual copy of the 1994 Paradise General Plan Volume I - Policy Document to read the actual text of each General Plan policy or implementation measure corresponding to the comments within the report. Alternatively, you may access the policy document via the Town’s website (townofparadise.com).

During the 2023 calendar year and over the last several years, the Town of Paradise achieved additional progress toward implementation of the 1994 Paradise General Plan. Next year’s status update will include new Safety Element goals and implementation measures as the Town works towards adoption of an updated Safety Element in 2024. As you read the attached annual report in regard to the implementation status of our Paradise General Plan you should note that updated comments regarding the past year's progress toward implementation of individual policy statements and implementation measures are shaded and bolded thus.

Housing Element Status
Government Code Section 65400 requires each local jurisdiction to prepare an annual report on the status and progress in implementing its General Plan Housing Element using forms and definitions adopted by the California State Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD). The annual progress report should be submitted to HCD and the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research (OPR) each year for the prior calendar year.

Section 65400 further states that the annual Housing Element progress report “shall be at an annual public meeting before the legislative body where members of the public shall be allowed to provide oral testimony and written comments.” In order to provide an opportunity for members of the public to provide this input, the Planning Commission reviewed and forwarded the report to the Town Council during their regularly scheduled meeting on March 12, 2024. Town Council acceptance of the report will facilitate its submittal to HCD and OPR as required.

The attached annual Housing Element progress report reveals that, of a total of four hundred ninety-six (496) new dwelling units, the majority of permits issued in 2023 were for abovemoderate income dwelling units. Remaining Regional Housing Needs Allocations (RHNA) for the 2022-2030 planning period are 4,618 Above Moderate, 892 Moderate, 143 Low, and 372 Very Low-income levels.

Since the adoption of the Housing Element on June 14, 2022 (Resolution 2022-39), staff continues to pursue opportunities to further the implementation of housing program objectives in addition to those programs where implementation involves ongoing directives to promote affordable housing through various means. The report contains a detailed enumeration of each newly adopted program and its implementation status as of December 31, 2023.

Financial Impact:

Acceptance of this annual Paradise General Plan and Housing Element progress report and its submittal to OPR and HCD will have no financial impact upon the Town of Paradise.

Attachments
34 CALENDAR YEAR 2023
1994 PARADISE GENERAL PLAN

IMPLEMENTATION STATUS REPORT
Presented to the
Paradise Town Council
March 2024

REPORT OF THE PLANNING COMMISSION
35 2
1994 PARADISE GENERAL PLAN

IMPLEMENTATION STATUS REPORT
FOR CALENDAR YEAR 2023
LAND USE ELEMENT:

GROWTH AND LAND USE DEVELOPMENT:

Policy/
Implem. Text
Measure Page Policy Brief Implementation Status
LUP-1 (6-3) Recognize site limitations Implemented and ongoing.

LUP-2 (6-3) Factor in constraints analysis Implemented and ongoing.

LUP-3 (6-3) Minimize grading Implementation ongoing as opportunity so afforded.

LUP-4 (6-3) Specific Plan for south of town Not yet implemented. Private work effort was initiated in 2006 for a portion of the secondary planning area south of town limits; and has been idle due to funding and staffing shortages. Butte County General Plan 2030 was adopted October 2010 and includes directive to develop a specific plan for a portion of this area, for which the Town will provide input.

LUP-5 (6-3) Open Space/Ag designation Implemented.

LUP-6 (6-3) Annexations south of town Not implemented due to lack of necessity.

LUP-7 (6-3) 35’ maximum building height Implemented and ongoing.

LUP-8 (6-3) Evaluate cumulative impacts Required by law; implemented and ongoing.

LUP-9 (6-3) Public notice requirements Implemented and ongoing.

LUP-10 (6-3) Encourage planned developments Ongoing directive; implemented as opportunities arise.

LUP-11 (6-3) Design projects to avoid constraints Implemented and ongoing.

LUI-1 (6-4) Track residential growth rate Implemented and ongoing.

LUI-2 (6-4) Prepare Specific Plan Not implemented. See LUP-4. 36 3
LUI-3 (6-4) Amend PMC for grading Implemented via Town adoption of the 2010 and 2016 California Green Building Standards Code and updated through the 2019 code adoption.

LUI-4 (6-4) Amend zoning for GP consistency Fully implemented (1997).

PUBLIC SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE:

LUP-12; 13; 14 (6-4) Growth not to exceed availability
of public services Implemented via planning process reforms; an ongoing directive.

LUP-15 (6-5) Improve public service capacity Implemented and an ongoing directive.

LUP-16 (6-5) No discretionary residential permit
unless adequate public services Implemented and ongoing.

LUP-17 (6-5) Encourage service districts to
expand or enhance capacity Partially implemented and ongoing as opportunities arise.

LUP-18 (6-5) TOP and PID meet bi-annually The Town/PID Liaison Committee met two times in 2023, February 15th and December 13th, to publicly discuss several issues of importance to the Town and PID.

LUP-19 (6-5) Densities based on constraints Implemented and ongoing.

LUP-20 (6-5) Police and Fire service levels Implemented and ongoing.

LUP-21 (6-5) Assessment districts Partially implemented and ongoing as needed.

LUP-22 (6-5) Fees for service delivery costs Partially implemented via the Town’s development impact fee program.

LUP-23 (6-5) Feasibility of annexation Implemented and an ongoing directive.

LUP-24 (6-5) Feasibility of merging with PID Feasibility studies are tabled by the Town pending adequate funding and other post Camp Fire factors.

LUP-25 (6-5) Designate general locations for
public and open space uses Fully implemented.

LUP-26 (6-6) Findings for public service and
infrastructure capacity Implemented and ongoing.

LUI-5 (6-6) Capital improvements program The Town developed & adopted a $121M 5-year capital improvements program in 2020.

LUI-6 (6-6) Assure adequate water delivery Partially implemented and ongoing.

LUI-7 (6-6) Implement Master Storm Drain An updated Storm Drainage Master Plan was adopted by the Town in 37 4
Study & Facilities Plan 2022.

LUI-8 (6-6) Public safety impact fees Implemented and ongoing.

LUI-9 (6-6) Service fees for existing uses Partially implemented and ongoing directive.

LUI-10 (6-6) Development impact fees Partially fund implemented and ongoing.

LUI-11 (6-6) Investigate forms of assessment
districts Partially implemented and ongoing.

LUI-12 (6-6) LAFCO to study any potential
merging with special districts Not implemented; lack of necessity prior to 2018 Camp Fire.

LUI-13 (6-6) Monitor population trends for
effects on public services Implemented and ongoing.

LAND USE DISTRIBUTION AND LOCATION
LUP-27; LUP-28 (6-7) Create Central Commercial Area Implemented via Town Council adoption of Town Resolution No. 01-37 in November, of 2001.

LUP-29 (6-7) Central Commercial area to focus
on visitors Implemented and ongoing.

LUP-30 (6-7) CIP for revitalization areas Ongoing Directive. In 2023, work was completed on the Almond Street and Gap Closure projects which installed walkable pathways, lighting, landscaping, and road repairs in the Downtown.

LUP-31 (6-7) Retail sales and infill on Skyway Implemented and ongoing as opportunities arise.

LUP-32 (6-7) Discourage strip development on
Clark Rd Ongoing directive.

LUP-33 (6-8) Encourage existing strip fill in Ongoing directive.

LUP-34 (6-8) Larger retail to locate in centers
with adequate facilities Ongoing directive.

LUP-35 (6-8) Professional office development Ongoing directive.

LUP-36 (6-8) Expand industrial park Town efforts to acquire/develop additional business or industrial park property continue as opportunities arise.

LUP-37; 38 (6-8) Lt Industrial/Business Park areas Implemented. 38 5
LUP-39 (6-8) Preserve residential neighborhoods Ongoing directive and implemented.

LUP-40 (6-8) Community facilities compatibility Ongoing directive.

LUP-41 (6-8) Airport compatibility uses Ongoing directive.

LUP-42 (6-8) Locations for cemeteries Implemented.

LUP-43 (6-8) Timber production areas Implemented.

LUP-44 (6-8) Locations for gateway areas Implemented.

LUI-14 (6-8) Provisions for mixed land uses Implemented.

LUI-15 (6-8) Zoning consistent with GP Implemented.

LUI-16 (6-8) Provide for visitor services Implemented.

LUI-17 (6-8) Adopt Capital Improvements Plan Implemented. See comment for LUI-5.

LUI-18 (6-8) Develop. guidelines for large retail Largely implemented via adoption of town-wide design standards in March, of 2010. Updated commercial design standards in the Downtown and Community Commercial corridors were adopted in 2022.

LAND USE DENSITIES
LUP-45 (6-9) Higher density compatibility Ongoing directive.

LUP-46 (6-9) Higher density locations Partially implemented and ongoing.

LUP-47 (6-9) ½ acre minimum residential lot size Ongoing implementation.

LUP-48 (6-9) High density residential locations Partially implemented and ongoing.

LUP-49 (6-9) Higher density requirements Ongoing directive, implemented as opportunities are afforded.

LUP-50 (6-9) Low density Multi-Family locations Ongoing directive and partially implemented.

LUI-19 (6-9) Zoning consistent with GP Implemented and ongoing directive.

LUI-20 (6-9) Make findings consistent with GP Implemented and ongoing.

LUI-21 (6-9) Safety standards for high density Implemented.

LUI-22 (6-9) Identify difficult to develop areas Implemented and ongoing.

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT/REDEVELOPMENT
39 6
LUP-51 (6-10) Attract needed industries Partially implemented; additional implementation as new opportunities arise. A post-fire non-residential market study was completed in early 2022.

LUP-52 (6-10) Promote reuse of empty buildings Ongoing directive. Dissolution of RDA eliminated a primary funding source for the façade renovation program, which targeted reuse of existing buildings. In 2023 staff worked with commercial developers for the reuse of empty suites in the Holiday Shopping Center.

LUP-53, 54 (6-11) Town theme for Central Comm. Implemented. Town-wide Design Standards are adopted. Various PMC sign regulation changes adopted in 2010 have assisted as well. Refer to LUI-18.

LUP-55 (6-11) 35’ max commercial height Implemented and ongoing.

LUP-56 (6-11) Screen commercial parking areas Ongoing directive; implemented.

LUP-57 (6-11) Artisan and tourist center Chamber of Commerce and the Paradise Art Association continue to sponsor cultural events. The Town has formed a committee that includes local business owners as part of an effort to promote Downtown beautification and commerce.

LUP-58 (6-11) Create scenic gateway areas Ongoing directive; partially implemented.

LUP-59 (6-11) Support retention of open space Ongoing directive.

LUP-60 (6-11) Common theme for gateway areas Implemented via PMC zoning code text amendments and adoption of design standards in 2010.

LUP-61 (6-11) Eliminate unsightly materials near
entrances to town Ongoing directive.

LUP-62; 63 (6-11) Promote town as tourist destination Ongoing and partially implemented.

LUP-64 (6-11) Bed and breakfast locations This directive is implemented via Town’s zoning regulations.

LUP-65 (6-11) Develop destination resort Ongoing directive, but not implemented.

LUP-66 (6-11) Update Downtown Revitalization
Plan as needed Adopted plan implementation is promoted via 2010 adoption of Design Standards.

LUP-67 (6-12) Sites for business park Partially implemented. See LUP-51.

LUI-23 (6-12) Calif. “Main Street” program Functionally Implemented. “Main Street” concepts/components were 40 7
incorporated within the adopted Downtown Revitalization Plan and the 2010 Design Standards.

LUI-24 (6-12) Promote farmers market Ongoing implementation. The Chico Certified Farmers’ Market at the Holiday shopping center was held from June to October 2022.

LUI-25 (6-12) Staffing business development
Programs and activities Ongoing implementation.

LUI-26 (6-12) Design guidelines for commercial Implemented. Refer to LUI-18.

LUI-27 (6-12) Enforce comm. zoning ordinance Implemented.

LUI-28 (6-12) Design review committee Not ongoing or needed since 2010 due to adoption of Town’s Design Standards.

LUI-29 (6-12) Apply design guidelines to existing
businesses Implemented.

LUI-30 (6-12) Land use controls in gateways Implemented via adoption of scenic highway corridor zoning regulations and 2010 adoption of Design Standards specific to gateway areas.

LUI-31 (6-12) Funding for gateway areas Partially implemented as opportunities arise.

LUI-32 (6-12) Upgrade entrance signs A post-Camp Fire volunteer group, “The Sign Committee”, conducted an online vote for new entrance signs to Town and is working on funding to replace them. The entrance sign on Skyway completed construction in 2022.

LUI-33 (6-12) Review sign regulations Ongoing directive and implemented.

LUI-34 (6-12) Promote completion of auditorium Implemented.

LUI-35 (6-12) Facilitate weekend tourist events Implementation ongoing. In 2023, the Recovery & Economic Development Dept coordinated and supported monthly TOP-POP weekend events highlighting local businesses.

LUI-36 (6-12) Parking facilities study Ongoing directive as part of the Downtown Revitalization Master Plan.

LUI-37 (6-12) Improve code enforcement program Implemented and ongoing as funds permit. Additional code enforcement staff was brought on in 2021.

LUI-38 (6-12) Outdoor display ordinance Implemented via adoption of ord. No. 550 in 2014 (see LUI-37 also).

LUI-39 (6-13) Relocate nonconforming uses Ongoing directive. 41 8

INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION
LUP-68 (6-13) Use BCAG for land use decisions Ongoing and partially implemented as opportunities are afforded.

LUP-69 (6-13) Regional decision making Ongoing and partially implemented as opportunities are afforded.

LUP-70 (6-13) Butte County urban reserve policy Ongoing and partially implemented as opportunities are afforded.

LUP-71 (6-13) Protection of Paradise watershed Ongoing and partially implemented as opportunities are afforded.

LUI-40; 41; 42 (6-13) Coordination with Butte County Ongoing and partially implemented as opportunities are afforded.

LAND USE CONTROLS
LUP-72 (6-14) Relocation of nonconforming uses Ongoing directive.

LUP-73 (6-14) Discourage expansion of legal
nonconforming uses During post Camp Fire in 2019 the Town adopted specific and short- term natural disaster regulations within Section 17.39.300 [Restoration of damaged nonconforming use] of the Paradise Municipal Code.

LUP-74 (6-14) Improve code enforce program Implemented and ongoing. $100,000 of ARPA funds were allocated to code enforcement activities in 2023 related to the removal of nonconforming/abandoned signs.

LUP-75 (6-14) Comm. handicap accessibility Ongoing and implemented.

LUP-76 (6-14) Revise local CEQA guidelines Implemented.

LUI-43; 44 (6-14) Zone parcels consistent with GP Implemented.

LUI-45 (6-14) Consistently enforce regulations Implemented and ongoing.

TERTIARY PLANNING AREA
LUP-77; 78; 79 (6-15) Projects in tertiary area should not be approved if adverse impacts on
Town of Paradise Partially implemented and ongoing directive.

LUP-80; 81 (6-15) Projects in tertiary area should
42 9
have open space Partially implemented and ongoing as opportunities are afforded.

LUP-82 (6-15) Projects in tertiary area should
Acknowledge high fire hazards Partially implemented and ongoing as opportunities are afforded.

LUI-46; 47 (6-15) Coordinate with county Implemented and ongoing. Town staff provided input for the Butte agencies/districts County General Plan 2030 adopted in October of 2010.

LUI-48 (6-15) Joint powers agreements Partially implemented.

LUI-49 (6-15) Expand Sphere of Influence Partially implemented.

CIRCULATION ELEMENT:

CP-1 (6-18) LOS “D” or better for roadways Partially implemented and ongoing.

CP-2 (6-18) Circulation problems eliminated In March 2022 a new Paradise Transportation Master Plan was adopted which identifies needed roadway improvements/connections. In late 2022, the Town prioritized identified road projects for its +/-$229M CDBGDR Infrastructure allocation to be carried out between 2023-2028.

CP-3 (6-18) Impacts of street extensions Ongoing directive and implemented.

CP-4 (6-19) Mitigate circulation impacts Ongoing and implemented on case-by-case basis.

CP-5 (6-19) Upper Ridge roadway impact fees Partially implemented and ongoing. Butte County collects development impact fees for upper ridge development, a portion of which is earmarked for Skyway and Clark Roads in Paradise.

CP-6 (6-19) Additional street connections Ongoing directive. Refer to CP-2.

CP-7 (6-19) New traffic signal synchronization Partially implemented. Synchronized traffic signals from Elliott Road to Neal Road along Skyway were completed in 2014. Grant secured in 2015 will fund signalization of the Black Olive Drive/Skyway intersection, further improving signal synchronization along Skyway.

CP-8 (6-19) Regulate truck routes Implemented and ongoing.

CP-9 (6-19) Establish park-and-ride facilities Ongoing, partially implemented as opportunities afforded.

CP-10 (6-19) Sidewalk and pathway program Ongoing directive. Pearson Road improvements/signalization at Recreation Drive were completed in 2013. Infill sidewalks, curbs and gutters along Pearson Road between Academy Dr. and Skyway was constructed in 2017. Grant funding has been secured for environmental 43 10
review and design for new sidewalks along Birch, Elliott, Foster and Black Olive Drive. Grant funding was secured for construction of new sidewalks along Pearson Road between Academy and Black Olive Drives. The Almond Street and Gap Closure projects, which began in 2021, will install walkable pathways, lighting, landscaping, and road repairs in the Downtown.

CP-11 (6-19) Bicycle and hiking trails Ongoing directive; partially implemented. The Downtown Paradise Safety Project installed bicycle lanes along Skyway between Elliot and Pearson Roads in 2014. Bicycle lanes along Pearson Rd. between Pentz and Clark Roads and along Maxwell Dr. were largely completed in 2015. Shoulder widening and the addition of bicycle lanes on Pearson Road from Clark Road to Pentz Road was completed in 2016. Construction/installation of flashing beacons at trailway crossing of major streets completed in 2018.

Class 1 multi-use paths are included in multiple road improvement projects allocated for the CDBG-DR infrastructure funding in 2022 to be completed between 2024-2026.

CP-12 (6-19) Butte County road standards Implemented. Butte County and the Town have adopted compatible road standards for the Town’s Sphere of Influence.

CP-13 (6-19) Trip reduction plan programs Partially implemented and ongoing. In 2022, the Town adopted local-level VMT policies from the 2020 Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) and Sustainable Communities Strategy (SCS) from BCAG for reducing vehicle miles traveled at a project level.

CP-14 (6-19) Senior and handicapped transit Ongoing directive; partially implemented via Paradise Express service.

CP-15 (6-19) Expand public transit services Consolidation of County-wide transit services has helped promote implementation.

CP-16 (6-19) Improve commercial parking Ongoing directive implemented as opportunities arise. Construction of an additional public parking facility in the Central Commercial area was completed in 2011.

CP-17 (6-19) Improving traffic flows Ongoing and partially implemented.

CP-18 (6-20) Roadway extension workshops Ongoing and partially implemented.

CP-19 (6-20) Increase transit opportunities Partially implemented. The component regarding children has not been implemented due to lack of available funding.
44 11
CP-20 (6-20) Town Engineer to review
circulation studies for revision BCAG development of a Regional Transportation Plan initiated in 2014/2015 has assisted. The 2022 Transportation Master Plan reviewed the Town’s daily traffic needs.

CI-1 (6-20) Access standards along arterials. Ongoing directive.

CI-2 (6-20) Road connection feasibility study Completed in the March 2022 Transportation Master Plan.

CI-3 (6-20) Establish development impact fees Implemented and ongoing.

CI-4; 5 (6-20) Road maint. agreement w/ B.C. Ongoing and partially implemented.

CI-6 (6-20) Locations for pathways Ongoing and partially implemented. Additional opportunities identified in the Action Transportation Plan section of the 2022 Transportation Master Plan and are partially funded through the CDBG-DR infrastructure allocation.

CI-7 (6-20) Pedestrian pathways for private Partially/potentially implemented by covenant agreements. development
CI-8 (6-20) Improve road shoulders Ongoing implementation via various public infrastructure projects.

CI-9 (6-20) Transportation facilities Ongoing directive.

CI-10 (6-21) Utilizing transportation funds Ongoing implementation as funds permit.

CI-11 (6-21) Butte County Circulation Element Refer to comment for CP-5.

HOUSING ELEMENT:

NOTE: A separate report detailing implementation of the Town of Paradise Housing Element is prepared for Planning Commission review and recommended referral to the Town Council. The format and contents of the Housing Element report is dictated by the California Department of Housing and Urban Development and is therefore generated as a stand-alone, but related document.

NOISE ELEMENT:

NP-1 (6-33) Noise level acoustical analysis Ongoing implementation as needed. 45 12
NP-2 (6-33) Transportation noise levels Ongoing implementation as needed.

N-3 (6-33) Exterior noise levels Ongoing implementation as needed.

N-4 (6-33) Noise mitigation measures Ongoing implementation as needed.

N-5 (6-33) Acoustical analysis standards Ongoing implementation as needed.

N-6; 7 (6-33) Paradise Skypark Airport levels Ongoing implementation as needed.

NP-8 (6-33) Preserve quiet residential areas Ongoing directive.

NP-9 (6-33) Control obtrusive noise Ongoing implementation via noise regulations of the Paradise Municipal Code.

NP-10 (6-34) Development near care facilities Ongoing implementation as needed.

NI-1; 2 (6-34) Monitor mitigation compliance Ongoing implementation as needed.

NI-3 (6-34) Noise insulation standards Implemented and ongoing.

NI-4; 5 (6-34) Review and update noise element Ongoing implementation as required.

NI-6 (6-34) Improve noise ordinance Implemented and ongoing.

NI-7 (6-34) Adopt Airport Land Use Plan Implemented.

SAFETY ELEMENT:

SP-1 (6-41) Public service response times Ongoing implementation as needed.

SP-2 (6-42) Adequate road improvements Ongoing implementation as needed.

SP-3 (6-42) Fire and crime prevention design Implemented and ongoing.

SP-4 (6-42) Adequate fire flow Ongoing implementation at staff level. See LUP-6 and LUP-18.

SP-5 (6-42) Require brush removal Implemented and ongoing. In 2021, Town Council adopted amendments to Chapter 8.58 of the Paradise Municipal Code, Defensible Space and Hazardous Fuel Management, which allowed the temporary use of goats for weed abatement as well as required a defensible space clearance with every title transfer in Town starting April 2022.

SP-6 (6-42) Adoption of Uniform Fire Code Implemented and ongoing.

SP-7 (6-42) New fire station locations Implemented and ongoing. In 2021 the Town closed escrow on a more centralized property to serve as a new location for Fire Station 82. 46 13
SP-8 (6-42) County SRA fire safety standards Ongoing directive.

SP-9 (6-42) Adverse effects of increased runoff Implemented and ongoing.

SP-10; 11 (6-42) Development in floodways Implemented and ongoing. A new Special Permit Zone study was completed in 2022, identifying post-fire areas of town to be reviewed for potential flooding and drainage impacts.

SP-12 (6-42) Master Storm Drain Study Plan Implemented and ongoing. The updated Storm Drainage Master Plan was completed in 2022.

SP-13 (6-42) Airport height restriction policy Ongoing implementation as needed.

SP-14 (6-42) Detrimental and toxic discharge Ongoing implementation via regulatory efforts of the Town’s Onsite Sanitation Division, the County Dept. of Public Health Services and RWQCB.

SP-15 (6-43) Projects to minimize soil erosion Implemented an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan for all development projects complying with the Town’s Phase II MS4 NPDES General Permit issued by the State Water Board.

SP-16 (6-43) Erosion control on sloped lots Ongoing implementation as needed.

SP-17 (6-43) No development on slopes >30% Ongoing implementation as needed.

SI-1 (6-43) Standards for adequate fire flow Implemented and ongoing.

SI-2 (6-43) Review and amend existing
roadway standards Ongoing directive. Updated roadway standards were included in the 2022 Transportation Master Plan.

SI-3 (6-43) Public safety impact fees Partial funding implemented and ongoing.

SI-4 (6-43) Public safety service fees Not implemented at this time due to legal (Prop.218) constraints.

SI-5 (6-43) Earthquake and fire danger
Education for residents Implemented and ongoing.

SI-6 (6-43) Enforce UBC (bldg) and UFC (fire) Implemented and ongoing.

SI-7 (6-43) Adequate dry brush clearance Implemented and ongoing. Two additional limited-term fire prevention inspectors were approved through a FEMA hazard mitigation grant program in 2023.

SI-8 (6-43) Amend ordinances as necessary
to require erosion control Ongoing and partially implemented.

SI-9 (6-43) Evaluate and implement the
47 14
Master Storm Drain Study Ongoing as opportunities arise. Multiple project improvement recommendations in the 2022 Storm Drainage Master Plan are being implemented through the CDBG-DR infrastructure funding.

SI-10 (6-43) Adopt Airport Land Use Plan Implemented.

SI-11 (6-43) Airport Commission review Ongoing implementation as needed. In September 2023, the draft Safety Element General Plan Amendment was submitted to the Airport Land Use Commission for review and approval.

SP-18; 19 (6-45) Siting of HHW facilities Functionally implemented and ongoing as a result of establishment and successful operation of the Town’s HHW facility. The facility was temporarily closed in 2020 due to lack of funding and staffing post-Camp Fire. Grant funding paid for an HHW single-day event in May and October of 2023.

SP-20; 21 (6-45) Countywide HHW agreements Ongoing. See County Hazardous Waste Management Plan.

SP-22 (6-45) HHW transportation routes Ongoing. See County Hazardous Waste Management Plan.

SP-23; 24 (6-45) Siting of collection facilities in the industrial area Implemented.

SI-12 (6-46) Develop. to consider HHW Element Ongoing implementation as needed.

SI-13 (6-46) Regional facility siting Ongoing implementation as needed.

SI-14 (6-46) Hazardous waste data collection Ongoing implementation as needed.

SI-15 (6-46) Ordinances compliant with AB 2948 Ongoing implementation as needed.

SI-16 (6-46) Develop HHW reduction program Ongoing implementation as needed.

SI-17 (6-46) Program to manage waste oil Implemented.

SI-18;19 (6-46) Develop HHW educational programs Ongoing implementation as needed.

SI-20 (6-46) HHW air quality standards Ongoing and implemented.

SI-21;22 (6-46) Collection and education programs Ongoing and implemented.

OPEN SPACE/CONSERVATION ELEMENT:

OCEP-1; 2; 3(6-49) Scenic highway corridors Implemented. 48 15
OCEP-4 (6-49) New billboard size and location
restrictions Implemented and ongoing.

OCEP-5; 6 (6-49) Protecting scenic view corridors Ongoing implementation as needed.

OCEI-1 (6-50) Development standards to maintain
Integrity of scenic highway Implemented via Town adoption of scenic highway zoning regulations.

OCEI-2 (6-50) Utility locations in gateways Implemented as needed.

OCEI-3 (6-50) New billboard regulations Implemented and ongoing.

OCEP-7 (6-51) Open space as infill tool Implemented, ongoing directive.

OCEP-8 (6-51) Trailways with new development Ongoing and partially implemented as needed; Yellowstone Kelly Heritage Trailway (formerly Paradise Memorial Trailway) extension completed in 2010 indicates progress.

OCEP-9 (6-51) Public access to Lookout Point Implemented and ongoing via Butte County.

OCEP-10 (6-51) Linear park around trailway Partially implemented/ongoing via Trailway Plan & recent improvements.

OCEP-11 (6-51) Work with PRPD for park locations Implemented and ongoing.

OCEP-12 (6-51) Work to acquire open space Ongoing directive and merits implementation due to 2018 Camp Fire circumstances. A joint grant application between TOP and PRPD was submitted to the State Office of Planning & Research (OPR) in 2023 to fund the planning of implementation of wildfire buffers along the periphery of Town.

OCEI-4; (6-51) Work with PRPD to develop open
space specific plan The PRPD adopted a revised and updated 15-year District Master Plan during 2010 that will assist in implementation of this directive.

OCEI-5 (6-51) Park facilities consistent with GP Implemented and ongoing.

OCEI-6 (6-51) Expansion of Sphere of Influence Not implemented due to lack of necessity.

OCEI-7 (6-51) Open space east of Neal Rd Partially implemented as an ongoing directive.

OCEP-13 (6-52) Protect large trees Ongoing directive and implemented as opportunities afforded.

OCEP-14; 15(6-52) Maintenance of natural habitat Partially implemented and ongoing.

OCEP-16 (6-52) Protect area fisheries Partially implemented and ongoing. 49 16
OCEP-17 (6-52) Protect deer herd migration routes Ongoing directive.

OCEP-18; 19(6-53) Protect view sheds Ongoing and partially implemented.

OCEP-20;21(6-53) Protect neighboring views Ongoing and partially implemented.

OCEP-22 (6-53) Underground utilities encouraged Partially implemented and ongoing. The Town established two new underground utility districts in 2016. During 2019 PG&E agreed to and commenced undergrounding some of its electrical transmission lines along the Skyway and within the Town. During 2023, PG&E continued to install multiple miles of underground utilities.

OCEP-23 (6-53) Preserve groundwater quality Implemented and ongoing.

OCEP-24; 25(6-53) Protect town’s water resources Implemented and ongoing.

OCEP-26 (6-53) Keep natural riparian vegetation Partially implemented and ongoing via case-by-case analysis.

OCEP-27 (6-53) Land uses near sensitive lands Implemented and ongoing.

OCEP-28 (6-53) Control grading in subdivisions Implemented and ongoing.

OCEP-29 (6-53) Golf course operation encouraged Ongoing directive.

OCEP-30 (6-53) Grey water usage ordinance Implemented and ongoing. The Town adopted grey water use regulations in 2014.

OCEP-31 (6-53) Retention of agricultural lands Ongoing partial implementation.

OCEP-32;33(6-53, 54) Identify ag and timber lands Implemented.

OCEP-34; 35(6-54) Support programs to recycle Implemented/ongoing via execution of a solid waste franchise agreement with NRWS.

OCEP-36 (6-54) Archaeologically sensitive lands Implemented and ongoing.

OCEI-8 (6-54) Develop standards for stream and
drainage way protection Implemented and ongoing.

OCEI-9 (6-54) Low density on sensitive land Implemented and ongoing.

OCEI-10 (6-54) Regulations for creek discharges Implemented and ongoing via RWQCB and the Town’s Wastewater Management District.

OCEI-11 (6-54) Seek grants for reforestation Partially implemented and ongoing as opportunity affords itself.

OCEI-12 (6-54) Mitigation for tree removal Largely implemented via tree ordinance regulations. The Town was awarded a grant in 2020, through FEMA’s Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, for the advanced planning of reseeding (due to loss of trees in the Camp Fire) in the Town’s rights-of-way and public lands. The grant will 50 17
include the study of how to control brush and provide for reseeding training to homeowners.

OCEI-13 (6-54) Encourage Arbor Day Ongoing directive.

OCEI-14 (6-54) Preserve natural wildlife areas Implemented and ongoing.

OCEI-15 (6-54) Undergrounding utilities Partially implemented and ongoing. See OCEP 22.

OCEI-16 (6-54) Acquire conservation easements Not implemented; lack of funding.

OCEI-17 (6-54) Establish Williamson Act program Not implemented; lack of local opportunities.

OCEI-18 (6-55) Compliance with CEQA archaeological
impacts Implemented and ongoing directive.

OCEI-19; 20(6-55) Use of qualified archaeologists Implemented and ongoing.

OCEI-21; 22; 23; 24(6-55) Implement recycling programs Implemented and ongoing. See OCEP-34; 35 and SP-18; 19 comments OCEI-25 (6-55) Eliminate leaf burning Progress toward implementation has been achieved; the post-fire reopening of the green waste yard has helped reduce the need to burn.

OCEI-26 (6-55) Support water conservation Partial implementation and ongoing. See note for LUP-6 and LUP-18.

OCEI-27 (6-55) PRPD impact mitigation program Implemented and ongoing.

OCEP-37 (6-56) Cogeneration possibilities Not implemented due to a history of limited opportunities and constraints predating the 2018 Camp Fire.

OCEP-38 (6-56) Support recycling Implemented.

OCEP-39 (6-56) Siting of multi-family housing Ongoing directive. In 2023, the Planning Commission approved a 72-unit multi-family housing development near shopping areas and on a main arterial with access to the local bus system.

OCEP-40 (6-56) Commercial sign design Implemented by Town-wide Design Standards adopted in 2010.

OCEP-41 (6-57) Landscape plan standards Implemented and ongoing. Landscaping was incorporated into the updated Design Standards for the Downtown and Community Commercial corridors in 2022.

OCEP-42 (6-57) Pedestrian and bicycle consideration
in new subdivisions Ongoing and partially implemented on a case-by-case basis.

OCEP-43 (6-57) Bike lanes on collector streets Implemented as opportunities arise.

OCEI-28 (6-57) Energy conservation partnership Partially implemented and ongoing. 51 18
OCEI-29 (6-57) Energy conservation ordinance Functionally implemented though adoption of 2022 Green Building Standards.

OCEI-30 (6-57) Energy conservation in zoning Ongoing directive.

EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SERVICES ELEMENT:

SOCIAL SERVICES ELEMENT - (Education and Schools)
ESP-1-7 (6-59) School siting requirements Ongoing directives; implemented as opportunities arise.

ESP-8 (6-60) PUSD review of rezone Ongoing directive.

ESP-9; 10 (6-60) PUSD considerations for density Implemented and ongoing.

ESI-1 (6-60) PUSD to review GP amendments Implemented and ongoing.

ESI-2 (6-60) Notify PUSD of Fed or State develop.Ongoing directives implemented as opportunities arise.

ESI-3; 4 (6-61) Ongoing review of school sites Ongoing directives implemented as opportunities arise.

ESI-5 (6-61) Findings for school capacities Not implemented.

ESI-6 (6-61) PUSD impact mitigation program Not implemented; prohibited by California State law.

SOCIAL SERVICES ELEMENT - (Senior Services):

ESP-11-13 (6-62) Needs of the aging and elderly Partially implemented and ongoing.

ESP-14-16 (6-62) Help improve senior facilities/svcs Partially implemented and ongoing.

ESI-7 (6-62) Work with senior groups Partially implemented and ongoing but no formally established liaison.

ESI-8; 9 (6-62) Add Community Services land uses Implemented.

ESI-10 (6-62) Alternative means to improve svcs Partially implemented via federally funded Town housing programs.

SOCIAL SERVICES ELEMENT - (Child Day Care):

ESP-17-19 (6-63) Large family daycare requirements Implemented. 52 19
ESI-11 (6-63) Streamline large family daycares Implemented. Updated large family daycare ordinance in 2021 to comply with current state law requiring they be treated the same as small family daycares (permitted-by-right).

SOCIAL SERVICES ELEMENT - (The Arts)
ESP-20 (6-64) Encourage art and retail crafts Partially implemented and ongoing as opportunities are afforded.

ESP-21 (6-64) Dramatic theater facility siting Implemented and ongoing.

ESP-22 (6-64) Add arts program opportunities Implementation ongoing.

ESP-23 (6-64) Local arts education program Partially implemented and ongoing.

ESI-12 (6-64) Ongoing support of the arts Partially implemented, but no formally established liaison.

ESI-13 (6-64) Feasibility of art related incentives Not being implemented by local government efforts but via private sector (Paradise Ridge Chamber, etc.).

ESI-14 (6-64) Display local art within Town Hall Partially implemented and ongoing. No art, through the Paradise Art Center, has been displayed post-fire or during COVID due to restricted access to the building.

ESP-24 (6-65) Education on value of library Limited implementation effort.

ESP-25 (6-65) Assist in funding library programs Not implemented. Such opportunities have yet to materialize.

ESP-26 (6-65) Support offerings of local library Limited implementation effort.

SOCIAL SERVICES ELEMENT - (Library Services)
ESI-15 (6-65) TOP and library liaison Limited implementation effort.

ESI-16 (6-65) Consolidate library with TOP Not implemented. No advocacy nor demand for implementation currently exists.

SOCIAL SERVICES ELEMENT - (Activities for Teenagers):

ESP-27; 28 (6-66) Facilities available for teens Implemented and ongoing. PRPD programs/activities contribute greatly as does the newly reopened Boys & Girls Club in 2022. 53 20
ESP-29 (6-66) Solicit teen input Limited implementation as opportunities are afforded.

ESI-17; 18 (6-66) Develop avenues for teen input Implemented as the opportunity arises.

ESI-19 (6-66) Teens on citizen committees Limited opportunities for implementation. j:\cdd\planning\General Plan Misc\Status Reports\gp-imp-23 rpt 54 55
56 57
58 59

Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: March 12, 2024
Agenda Item: 2(d)
ORIGINATED BY: Aimee Beleu, Finance Director/Town Treasurer REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Annual Review of Town of Paradise Investment Policy COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

Approve write-off of uncollectible miscellaneous invoices and citations which are attached as Exhibit A.

Background:

Periodically the Town will bill citizens or businesses for special services; to recover costs associated with animal control activities; repairing public property; or to collect bank returned checks. In addition, for the safety of the community, code enforcement staff will issue administrative citations to individuals that aren’t willing to comply with requests to correct code enforcement violations. If the invoice is not paid within 30 days, Town staff begins a vigorous collection process that generally takes about six months. During this time, staff is sending frequent correspondence, utilizing webbased location services, and offering payment plan options.

After exhausting all collection attempts, the Town turns accounts receivables, that cannot be leveraged through real property liens, over to a collection agency for continued collection efforts.

Occasionally the collection agency will secure a payment and then shares the collection with the Town. Most often, the collection agency is also not successful as the payee is deemed to be insolvent or simply impervious to collections.

On an annual basis, the miscellaneous accounts receivable sub-ledger is reviewed for bad debt.

Staff identifies which accounts have gone through both Town collection and collection agency collection processes and have not shown any activity for over a year. It is best practice to complete this progress on annual basis so as not to overstate receivables with uncollectible amounts and to create too large of a “bad debt” expense on any one fiscal year. It is important to note that administrative citations and police restitution activities are recorded on a cash basis meaning that they are not recorded as revenue until actually paid. Therefore, the write-off of these receivables has no negative impact on the financials of the Town as they haven’t been recorded in the income statement or balance sheet.

Discussion:

This receivable write-off request is larger than usual for two reasons.

1. Collections for the past four years were further complicated by the realities of the Camp Fire. Activities and violations that occurred prior to the Camp Fire and post Camp Fire, in most cases, are no longer relevant. Land/homeowners have moved and are difficult to find. Many of the properties no longer belong to the people with violations. Many of the citations mailed out are returned. Staff attempted to use its usual methods of contacting 60 citizens and businesses for collection, but most of those individuals are unreachable.

Because staff was unable to reach these individuals, it doesn’t seem appropriate to turn those invoices over to collections or to lien property where the violation no longer exists.

Staff is actively pursuing collections for activities that have occurred after the Camp Fire.

2. The last receivable write off was brought forward in December 2019; therefore, it’s been 4 years since the last adjustment.

The Town is not prevented from recording payments on any of these write-offs should a payment be collected later.

Financial Impact:

Experience has shown that certain receivables are less likely to be collected and that it takes time for citations to be paid, so revenues are not recorded for these invoices until received.

The write-offs at this time are all citations, thus there will be no fiscal impact to the town.

Invoice Type Amount
FS Cite 104 - Administrative Citation Fire *revenue not recorded $ 131,200.00 Late Fee Fire - Late Fee Invoice for Fire Citation *revenue not recorded $ 200.00 FS Cite 101 - Administrative Citation Planning *revenue not recorded $ 180,208.50 FS Cite 102 - Administrative Citation WM *revenue not recorded $ 36,000.00 FS Cite 106 - Administrative Citation BSWW *revenue not recorded $ 66,425.00 Late Fee CDD Pla - Late Fee Invoice CDD Planning *revenue not recorded $ 1,300.00 FS Cite 105 - Administrative Citation AC *revenue not recorded $ 19,200.00 Late Fee AC - Late Fee for AC *revenue not recorded $ 6,000.00 $ 440,533.50
61 Invoice Type Amount
FS Cite 104 - Administrative Citation Fire *revenue not recorded $ 131,200.00 Late Fee Fire - Late Fee Invoice for Fire Citation *revenue not recorded $ 200.00 FS Cite 101 - Administrative Citation Planning *revenue not recorded $ 180,208.50 FS Cite 102 - Administrative Citation WM *revenue not recorded $ 36,000.00 FS Cite 106 - Administrative Citation BSWW *revenue not recorded $ 66,425.00 Late Fee CDD Pla - Late Fee Invoice CDD Planning *revenue not recorded $ 1,300.00 FS Cite 105 - Administrative Citation AC *revenue not recorded $ 19,200.00 Late Fee AC - Late Fee for AC *revenue not recorded $ 6,000.00 $ 440,533.50

EXHIBIT A
Town of Paradise
Accounts Receivable Write Off Schedule
03/13/24
62 Invoice Customer Due Date Balance
Invoice Type FS Cite 104 - Administrative Citation Fire *revenue not recorded 2022-00000539 49 12/14/2021 $ 200.00
2023-00000077 51 09/04/2022 $ 200.00
2022-00000540 572 12/14/2021 $ 200.00
2016-00000005 573 08/30/2015 $ 200.00
2016-00000012 573 09/30/2015 $ 400.00
2016-00000015 573 10/30/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000019 573 11/28/2015 $ 1,000.00
2022-00000225 754 10/10/2021 $ 200.00
2020-00000019 965 06/13/2020 $ 200.00
2023-00000488 1182 06/01/2023 $ 100.00
2022-00000179 1208 09/30/2021 $ 100.00
2022-00000144 1244 09/15/2021 $ 100.00
2023-00000296 1244 11/12/2022 $ 400.00
2023-00000406 1244 03/13/2023 $ 500.00
2023-00000181 1259 09/22/2022 $ 400.00
2024-00000056 1259 09/02/2023 $ 500.00
2024-00000253 1259 10/08/2023 $ 500.00
2023-00000022 1302 08/22/2022 $ 200.00
2023-00000342 1302 01/13/2023 $ 400.00
2023-00000443 1302 03/23/2023 $ 500.00
2016-00000003 1369 08/30/2015 $ 200.00
2016-00000011 1369 09/30/2015 $ 400.00
2016-00000014 1369 10/30/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000018 1369 11/28/2015 $ 1,000.00
2017-00000001 1369 08/18/2016 $ 400.00
2017-00000002 1369 08/05/2016 $ 200.00
2017-00000005 1369 09/15/2016 $ 1,000.00
2021-00000090 1486 01/31/2021 $ 200.00
2021-00000111 1486 02/28/2021 $ 400.00
2021-00000112 1486 02/28/2021 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000025 1509 10/21/2017 $ 200.00
2022-00000029 1509 08/31/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000358 1509 10/20/2021 $ 400.00
2018-00000092 1512 05/31/2018 $ 200.00
2018-00000094 1512 05/22/2018 $ 400.00
2023-00000205 1512 09/25/2022 $ 200.00
2022-00000706 1548 04/23/2022 $ 200.00
2021-00000107 1580 02/28/2021 $ 200.00
2021-00000108 1580 02/28/2021 $ 400.00
2022-00000059 159 09/15/2021 $ 200.00
2018-00000019 1620 10/06/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000021 1620 10/14/2017 $ 400.00
2024-00000532 1699 12/18/2023 $ 500.00
2024-00000617 1850 01/09/2024 $ 200.00
63 2023-00000298 1858 11/12/2022 $ 200.00
2023-00000478 1858 06/26/2023 $ 200.00
2024-00000093 1858 09/16/2023 $ 500.00
2024-00000310 1858 10/12/2023 $ 500.00
2014-00000002 1865 07/30/2014 $ 200.00
2016-00000008 1867 08/28/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000013 1867 09/30/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000016 1867 10/30/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000020 1867 11/28/2015 $ 1,000.00
2017-00000004 1867 08/17/2016 $ 200.00
2017-00000007 1867 09/15/2016 $ 400.00
2017-00000012 1867 01/12/2017 $ 1,000.00
2017-00000015 1867 07/20/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000003 1867 08/27/2017 $ 400.00
2018-00000010 1867 09/21/2017 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000024 2271 10/14/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000029 2271 10/28/2017 $ 400.00
2021-00000117 2277 02/28/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000542 2277 12/14/2021 $ 200.00
2023-00000301 2277 11/12/2022 $ 400.00
2023-00000445 2277 03/23/2023 $ 500.00
2024-00000398 2277 11/05/2023 $ 500.00
2024-00000619 2277 01/09/2024 $ 500.00
2022-00000495 2318 11/18/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000622 2326 02/14/2022 $ 200.00
2022-00000135 2370 09/15/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000140 2374 09/15/2021 $ 200.00
2021-00000002 2399 08/15/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000040 2399 09/30/2020 $ 400.00
2023-00000055 2399 08/20/2022 $ 400.00
2023-00000156 2399 09/17/2022 $ 1,000.00
2023-00000446 2399 03/23/2023 $ 500.00
2021-00000110 2409 02/28/2021 $ 400.00
2021-00000029 2411 08/31/2020 $ 200.00
2022-00000248 2425 11/08/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000403 2425 11/10/2021 $ 400.00
2022-00000476 2481 11/15/2021 $ 200.00
2023-00000057 2531 08/20/2022 $ 200.00
2022-00000019 2595 08/31/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000171 2595 09/30/2021 $ 400.00
2023-00000184 2595 09/22/2022 $ 1,000.00
2023-00000448 2595 03/23/2023 $ 500.00
2023-00000449 2595 03/23/2023 $ 500.00
2018-00000002 2638 08/27/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000009 2638 09/21/2017 $ 400.00
2018-00000014 2638 09/30/2017 $ 500.00
2018-00000004 2657 09/21/2017 $ 200.00
64 2018-00000005 2657 09/21/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000006 2657 09/21/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000020 2675 10/14/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000032 2675 10/28/2017 $ 400.00
2018-00000037 2675 11/13/2017 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000040 2675 11/18/2017 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000054 2675 12/07/2017 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000062 2675 12/16/2017 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000075 2675 12/29/2017 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000089 2675 01/21/2018 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000039 2693 11/13/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000047 2693 12/07/2017 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000048 2693 12/07/2017 $ 400.00
2018-00000070 2693 12/22/2017 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000079 2693 01/04/2018 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000084 2693 01/21/2018 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000044 2706 11/26/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000049 2706 12/07/2017 $ 400.00
2018-00000046 2707 11/26/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000050 2707 12/07/2017 $ 400.00
2018-00000068 2707 12/22/2017 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000077 2707 01/04/2018 $ 1,000.00
2023-00000116 2708 09/15/2022 $ 400.00
2023-00000450 2708 03/23/2023 $ 500.00
2018-00000081 2726 01/04/2018 $ 200.00
2018-00000087 2726 01/21/2018 $ 400.00
2018-00000082 2727 01/04/2018 $ 200.00
2018-00000085 2727 01/21/2018 $ 400.00
2018-00000083 2728 01/04/2018 $ 200.00
2018-00000088 2728 01/21/2018 $ 400.00
2023-00000302 2742 11/12/2022 $ 400.00
2023-00000451 2742 03/23/2023 $ 500.00
2021-00000077 2788 11/30/2020 $ 200.00
2023-00000081 2800 09/04/2022 $ 200.00
2023-00000380 2800 02/26/2023 $ 400.00
2022-00000668 2816 03/23/2022 $ 200.00
2022-00000011 2825 08/31/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000160 2825 09/15/2021 $ 400.00
2020-00000010 2860 11/24/2019 $ 100.00
2022-00000371 2860 10/20/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000232 2867 10/10/2021 $ 200.00
2023-00000259 2867 10/21/2022 $ 400.00
2023-00000250 2887 10/20/2022 $ 200.00
2023-00000331 2887 12/03/2022 $ 400.00
2023-00000381 2887 02/26/2023 $ 1,000.00
2024-00000354 2887 10/27/2023 $ 500.00
2023-00000024 2902 08/22/2022 $ 200.00
65 2023-00000117 2902 09/15/2022 $ 400.00
2023-00000343 2902 01/13/2023 $ 1,000.00
2023-00000344 2902 01/13/2023 $ 1,000.00
2023-00000382 2902 02/26/2023 $ 1,000.00
2023-00000452 2902 03/23/2023 $ 500.00
2022-00000620 293 02/14/2022 $ 200.00
2024-00000430 293 12/09/2023 $ 100.00
2024-00000614 293 01/09/2024 $ 200.00
2020-00000018 3008 06/13/2020 $ 200.00
2020-00000024 3036 07/31/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000007 3036 08/15/2020 $ 400.00
2021-00000003 3040 08/15/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000042 3056 09/30/2020 $ 400.00
2021-00000068 3058 10/31/2020 $ 400.00
2021-00000069 3058 10/31/2020 $ 400.00
2021-00000047 3059 09/30/2020 $ 400.00
2021-00000050 3062 09/30/2020 $ 400.00
2021-00000071 3062 10/31/2020 $ 1,000.00
2021-00000070 3063 10/31/2020 $ 1,000.00
2021-00000022 3064 08/31/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000049 3064 09/30/2020 $ 400.00
2021-00000072 3064 10/31/2020 $ 1,000.00
2024-00000154 3064 09/17/2023 $ 100.00
2024-00000355 3064 10/27/2023 $ 200.00
2021-00000035 3073 09/30/2020 $ 400.00
2021-00000024 3075 08/31/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000041 3075 09/30/2020 $ 400.00
2022-00000097 3075 09/15/2021 $ 200.00
2021-00000028 3078 08/31/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000030 3079 08/31/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000037 3079 09/30/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000031 3080 08/31/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000034 3083 09/30/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000039 3085 09/30/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000043 3087 09/30/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000045 3090 09/30/2020 $ 200.00
2022-00000308 3113 10/28/2021 $ 200.00
2024-00000567 3116 12/31/2023 $ 200.00
2021-00000118 3128 03/31/2021 $ 400.00
2021-00000119 3128 04/19/2021 $ 1,000.00
2021-00000073 3140 11/30/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000074 3141 11/30/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000082 3141 12/31/2020 $ 400.00
2021-00000092 3141 01/31/2021 $ 1,000.00
2021-00000075 3146 11/30/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000076 3147 11/30/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000083 3147 12/31/2020 $ 400.00
66 2021-00000088 3147 01/31/2021 $ 1,000.00
2023-00000083 3147 09/04/2022 $ 1,000.00
2021-00000080 3150 12/31/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000081 3151 12/31/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000084 3154 12/31/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000086 3154 01/31/2021 $ 400.00
2021-00000087 3154 01/31/2021 $ 1,000.00
2021-00000085 3155 12/31/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000097 3156 02/28/2021 $ 100.00
2021-00000091 3160 01/31/2021 $ 200.00
2021-00000096 3163 02/28/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000544 3164 12/14/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000579 3164 01/01/2022 $ 400.00
2023-00000305 3164 11/12/2022 $ 1,000.00
2023-00000345 3164 01/13/2023 $ 1,000.00
2023-00000453 3164 03/23/2023 $ 500.00
2023-00000084 3166 09/04/2022 $ 200.00
2023-00000319 3166 11/27/2022 $ 400.00
2023-00000384 3166 02/26/2023 $ 1,000.00
2024-00000012 3166 08/01/2023 $ 500.00
2024-00000018 3166 08/01/2023 $ 500.00
2021-00000103 3173 02/28/2021 $ 200.00
2021-00000104 3173 02/28/2021 $ 400.00
2021-00000105 3174 02/15/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000681 3220 03/25/2022 $ 200.00
2023-00000346 3220 01/13/2023 $ 400.00
2023-00000386 3220 02/26/2023 $ 1,000.00
2022-00000159 3252 09/15/2021 $ 400.00
2022-00000167 3256 09/30/2021 $ 200.00
2023-00000207 3256 09/25/2022 $ 400.00
2022-00000016 3270 08/31/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000022 3273 08/31/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000359 3273 10/20/2021 $ 400.00
2024-00000063 3276 09/02/2023 $ 100.00
2024-00000259 3276 10/08/2023 $ 200.00
2022-00000032 3279 08/31/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000207 3279 09/20/2021 $ 400.00
2022-00000033 3280 08/31/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000035 3281 08/31/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000046 3290 08/31/2021 $ 200.00
2023-00000320 3290 11/27/2022 $ 400.00
2022-00000052 3293 08/31/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000065 3301 09/15/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000066 3302 09/15/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000067 3303 09/15/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000068 3304 09/15/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000070 3306 09/15/2021 $ 200.00
67 2022-00000071 3307 09/15/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000074 3307 09/15/2021 $ 200.00
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2022-00000547 3437 12/14/2021 $ 500.00
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2022-00000485 3632 11/15/2021 $ 200.00
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2016-00000087 1270 06/30/2016 $ 2,000.00
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2014-00000046 1435 03/27/2014 $ 800.00
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2016-00000042 1435 10/30/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000048 1435 11/15/2015 $ 1,000.00
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2018-00000045 1435 09/30/2017 $ 6,000.00
2018-00000086 1435 10/28/2017 $ 6,000.00
2017-00000008 1542 10/30/2016 $ 200.00
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71 2016-00000024 1860 09/30/2015 $ 1,000.00
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2017-00000017 1860 02/24/2017 $ 1,600.00
2017-00000031 1860 04/15/2017 $ 4,000.00
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2014-00000075 1865 07/30/2014 $ 400.00
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2016-00000018 1865 09/30/2015 $ 3,000.00
2016-00000031 1865 10/30/2015 $ 3,000.00
2016-00000052 1865 11/29/2015 $ 3,000.00
2015-00000111 1867 07/25/2015 $ 400.00
2020-00000008 1867 11/02/2019 $ 100.00
2011-00000046 1889 01/31/2011 $ 100.00
2011-00000047 1889 01/31/2011 $ 400.00
2015-00000088 1916 05/06/2015 $ 1,908.50
2015-00000093 1916 06/07/2015 $ 2,000.00
2015-00000107 1916 07/25/2015 $ 2,000.00
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2016-00000023 1916 09/30/2015 $ 2,000.00
2016-00000062 1952 04/28/2016 $ 400.00
2014-00000022 197 11/22/2013 $ 600.00
2014-00000030 197 01/18/2014 $ 1,200.00
2014-00000035 197 02/22/2014 $ 3,000.00
2014-00000047 197 03/27/2014 $ 3,000.00
2014-00000053 197 04/28/2014 $ 3,000.00
2014-00000065 197 05/29/2014 $ 3,000.00
2014-00000070 197 07/03/2014 $ 3,000.00
2015-00000007 197 08/02/2014 $ 3,000.00
2015-00000022 197 09/14/2014 $ 3,000.00
2015-00000039 197 10/16/2014 $ 3,000.00
2015-00000046 197 11/19/2014 $ 3,000.00
2015-00000057 197 12/31/2014 $ 3,000.00
2015-00000071 197 02/15/2015 $ 3,000.00
2015-00000084 197 03/21/2015 $ 4,000.00
2015-00000104 197 07/25/2015 $ 3,000.00
2016-00000010 197 08/28/2015 $ 3,000.00
2016-00000019 197 09/30/2015 $ 3,000.00
2016-00000034 197 10/30/2015 $ 3,000.00
2016-00000055 197 11/28/2015 $ 3,000.00
2020-00000001 2050 08/23/2019 $ 400.00
2020-00000005 2050 11/24/2019 $ 800.00
72 2020-00000031 2050 03/27/2020 $ 1,600.00
2017-00000022 2086 04/12/2017 $ 400.00
2016-00000074 212 06/30/2016 $ 200.00
2016-00000032 2156 10/30/2015 $ 200.00
2016-00000043 2156 11/15/2015 $ 400.00
2015-00000110 2194 07/25/2015 $ 400.00
2020-00000061 2521 07/31/2020 $ 200.00
2017-00000021 2595 04/12/2017 $ 400.00
2018-00000126 2671 05/26/2018 $ 200.00
2021-00000202 2981 12/31/2020 $ 100.00
2021-00000203 2981 12/31/2020 $ 200.00
2021-00000204 2981 12/31/2020 $ 500.00
2022-00000068 2981 01/01/2022 $ 1,000.00
2021-00000170 3010 04/30/2021 $ 400.00
2021-00000188 3010 06/15/2021 $ 500.00
2020-00000060 3037 07/31/2020 $ 200.00
2020-00000062 3038 07/31/2020 $ 200.00
2022-00000041 3178 10/10/2021 $ 1,000.00
2023-00000098 3189 11/27/2022 $ 200.00
2023-00000109 3189 12/03/2022 $ 400.00
2023-00000133 3189 01/13/2023 $ 1,000.00
2021-00000191 3218 06/30/2021 $ 200.00
2021-00000217 3218 07/31/2021 $ 400.00
2021-00000195 3220 06/30/2021 $ 200.00
2021-00000211 3220 07/31/2021 $ 400.00
2022-00000011 3264 08/15/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000081 3264 02/14/2022 $ 400.00
2023-00000011 3264 08/22/2022 $ 1,000.00
2023-00000148 4118 01/13/2023 $ 200.00
2023-00000163 4118 03/13/2023 $ 200.00
2023-00000164 4118 03/13/2023 $ 500.00
2017-00000023 754 04/12/2017 $ 400.00
Invoice Type FS Cite 101 - Administrative Citation Planning Totals $ 180,208.50 Invoice Type FS Cite 102 - Administrative Citation WM *revenue not recorded 2015-00000152 1259 07/25/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000011 1259 09/02/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000023 1259 10/17/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000028 1259 11/18/2015 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000037 1259 03/08/2018 $ 200.00
2011-00000045 1270 01/13/2011 $ 1,000.00
2011-00000046 1270 01/13/2011 $ 1,000.00
2011-00000047 1270 01/13/2011 $ 1,000.00
2011-00000048 1270 01/13/2011 $ 1,000.00
2011-00000065 1309 01/31/2011 $ 200.00
2012-00000066 1309 04/04/2012 $ 200.00
2012-00000041 1412 07/01/2011 $ 200.00
73 2012-00000076 1412 05/26/2012 $ 200.00
2018-00000046 1430 04/05/2018 $ 200.00
2012-00000073 1435 04/06/2012 $ 400.00
2011-00000146 1451 07/28/2011 $ 200.00
2018-00000015 159 12/22/2017 $ 200.00
2015-00000032 1610 10/03/2014 $ 200.00
2014-00000010 1889 08/29/2013 $ 100.00
2014-00000043 2004 04/20/2014 $ 200.00
2014-00000053 2004 05/21/2014 $ 400.00
2015-00000052 2004 12/06/2014 $ 200.00
2015-00000067 2004 01/08/2015 $ 400.00
2015-00000102 2004 03/11/2015 $ 1,000.00
2015-00000111 2004 05/02/2015 $ 1,000.00
2015-00000133 2004 06/06/2015 $ 1,000.00
2015-00000148 2004 07/25/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000007 2004 09/02/2015 $ 1,000.00
2017-00000033 2004 07/04/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000058 2004 05/26/2018 $ 400.00
2017-00000027 2086 03/09/2017 $ 200.00
2015-00000029 2125 10/03/2014 $ 200.00
2015-00000075 2125 01/15/2015 $ 400.00
2015-00000083 2125 02/20/2015 $ 1,000.00
2015-00000108 2125 03/25/2015 $ 1,000.00
2015-00000109 2125 04/23/2015 $ 1,000.00
2015-00000127 2125 05/21/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000001 2125 07/31/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000009 2125 09/02/2015 $ 1,000.00
2015-00000053 2156 12/06/2014 $ 200.00
2017-00000012 2156 12/08/2016 $ 200.00
2017-00000016 2156 01/07/2017 $ 400.00
2017-00000019 2156 02/08/2017 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000006 2271 10/21/2017 $ 200.00
2016-00000021 2327 09/23/2015 $ 200.00
2018-00000042 2399 03/08/2018 $ 200.00
2018-00000047 2399 04/15/2018 $ 400.00
2018-00000051 2399 05/09/2018 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000036 2425 03/23/2016 $ 200.00
2017-00000004 2491 08/27/2016 $ 200.00
2017-00000008 2514 09/17/2016 $ 200.00
2017-00000010 2514 10/20/2016 $ 400.00
2018-00000013 2520 12/22/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000020 2520 01/21/2018 $ 400.00
2018-00000031 2520 02/22/2018 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000017 2543 12/22/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000021 2543 01/21/2018 $ 400.00
2017-00000021 2579 02/24/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000023 2579 02/10/2018 $ 200.00
74 2017-00000029 2593 03/09/2017 $ 200.00
2017-00000031 2595 03/09/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000024 2595 02/10/2018 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000004 2671 09/30/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000008 2671 10/28/2017 $ 400.00
2018-00000010 2671 12/07/2017 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000033 2759 03/05/2018 $ 200.00
2018-00000049 2776 04/15/2018 $ 200.00
2018-00000062 2776 05/31/2018 $ 400.00
2020-00000001 3021 06/29/2020 $ 200.00
2024-00000001 4204 09/09/2023 $ 500.00
2017-00000026 754 03/09/2017 $ 200.00
Invoice Type FS Cite 102 - Administrative Citation WM Totals $ 36,000.00 Invoice Type FS Cite 106 - Administrative Citation BSWW *revenue not recorded 2017-00000021 1266 10/06/2016 $ 200.00
2017-00000064 1266 11/06/2016 $ 400.00
2017-00000077 1266 12/14/2016 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000072 1309 10/18/2015 $ 200.00
2015-00000117 1341 07/25/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000021 1341 09/04/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000051 1341 10/03/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000090 1341 11/06/2015 $ 1,000.00
2011-00000038 1356 03/01/2011 $ 200.00
2011-00000044 1356 03/01/2011 $ 400.00
2014-00000028 1356 10/23/2013 $ 200.00
2014-00000123 1356 07/30/2014 $ 400.00
2017-00000007 1356 08/05/2016 $ 200.00
2017-00000020 1356 09/15/2016 $ 400.00
2017-00000042 1356 10/20/2016 $ 1,000.00
2017-00000107 1356 02/18/2017 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000018 1356 08/27/2017 $ 1,000.00
2015-00000119 1367 07/24/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000024 1367 09/04/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000055 1367 10/04/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000097 1367 11/06/2015 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000024 1367 08/27/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000065 1367 11/26/2017 $ 400.00
2012-00000020 1412 05/31/2012 $ 400.00
2015-00000125 1435 07/25/2015 $ 2,000.00
2017-00000132 1435 07/20/2017 $ 1,200.00
2013-00000043 1451 03/07/2013 $ 200.00
2017-00000006 1509 08/14/2016 $ 200.00
2016-00000048 1580 10/02/2015 $ 200.00
2016-00000099 1580 11/06/2015 $ 400.00
2016-00000119 1580 12/12/2015 $ 1,000.00
75 2014-00000062 1610 10/19/2013 $ 200.00
2017-00000056 1852 10/23/2016 $ 200.00
2018-00000124 1852 04/27/2018 $ 400.00
2016-00000012 1858 08/13/2015 $ 200.00
2016-00000041 1858 09/17/2015 $ 400.00
2016-00000071 1858 10/17/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000101 1858 11/18/2015 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000083 1858 02/15/2018 $ 200.00
2018-00000096 1858 03/23/2018 $ 400.00
2018-00000009 1865 08/27/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000037 1865 09/30/2017 $ 400.00
2016-00000156 197 05/07/2016 $ 1,200.00
2016-00000104 2028 11/12/2015 $ 500.00
2018-00000049 2150 10/21/2017 $ 400.00
2018-00000069 2150 11/26/2017 $ 1,000.00
2017-00000060 2206 11/17/2016 $ 200.00
2016-00000004 2260 07/31/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000032 2260 09/04/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000054 2321 10/08/2015 $ 400.00
2016-00000096 2321 11/12/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000034 2326 09/05/2015 $ 200.00
2016-00000063 2326 10/08/2015 $ 400.00
2016-00000107 2326 11/12/2015 $ 1,000.00
2017-00000129 2326 06/08/2017 $ 200.00
2017-00000134 2326 07/20/2017 $ 400.00
2018-00000017 2326 08/27/2017 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000035 2327 09/04/2015 $ 200.00
2016-00000064 2327 10/04/2015 $ 400.00
2016-00000087 2327 11/05/2015 $ 1,000.00
2013-00000028 2332 03/07/2013 $ 200.00
2016-00000040 2332 09/12/2015 $ 200.00
2016-00000067 2332 10/14/2015 $ 400.00
2016-00000081 2332 11/05/2015 $ 200.00
2016-00000093 2332 11/19/2015 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000130 2332 12/19/2015 $ 400.00
2016-00000137 2332 03/31/2016 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000083 2362 11/05/2015 $ 200.00
2016-00000131 2362 12/20/2015 $ 400.00
2017-00000091 2364 12/16/2016 $ 1,000.00
2017-00000115 2364 02/11/2017 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000026 2364 08/27/2017 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000094 2368 11/11/2015 $ 200.00
2016-00000117 2368 12/13/2015 $ 400.00
2016-00000138 2368 03/31/2016 $ 1,000.00
2017-00000124 2368 04/12/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000015 2368 08/27/2017 $ 400.00
2018-00000058 2368 11/26/2017 $ 1,000.00
76 2017-00000123 2371 04/12/2017 $ 200.00
2016-00000160 2383 07/09/2016 $ 200.00
2017-00000068 2383 11/10/2016 $ 400.00
2017-00000092 2383 12/15/2016 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000147 2384 04/22/2016 $ 575.00
2016-00000144 2399 03/31/2016 $ 400.00
2016-00000151 2399 04/21/2016 $ 1,000.00
2016-00000128 2400 12/25/2015 $ 200.00
2016-00000142 2400 03/31/2016 $ 400.00
2016-00000153 2400 04/21/2016 $ 1,000.00
2017-00000005 2481 08/07/2016 $ 200.00
2017-00000019 2481 09/17/2016 $ 400.00
2017-00000037 2481 10/20/2016 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000094 2481 03/13/2018 $ 200.00
2018-00000104 2481 04/15/2018 $ 400.00
2018-00000021 2486 08/27/2017 $ 450.00
2017-00000038 2520 10/27/2016 $ 200.00
2018-00000047 2520 10/21/2017 $ 200.00
2017-00000073 2525 12/02/2016 $ 400.00
2017-00000052 2529 10/23/2016 $ 200.00
2017-00000083 2529 12/02/2016 $ 400.00
2017-00000102 2529 01/08/2017 $ 1,000.00
2017-00000062 2543 11/16/2016 $ 200.00
2017-00000098 2543 01/01/2017 $ 400.00
2017-00000108 2543 02/18/2017 $ 1,000.00
2018-00000019 2543 08/27/2017 $ 1,000.00
2017-00000094 2564 12/14/2016 $ 200.00
2017-00000082 2565 12/07/2016 $ 200.00
2018-00000078 2579 02/10/2018 $ 200.00
2017-00000120 2596 03/06/2017 $ 200.00
2017-00000121 2598 03/10/2017 $ 200.00
2017-00000125 2598 04/22/2017 $ 400.00
2017-00000128 2616 06/08/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000007 2640 08/27/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000041 2640 09/30/2017 $ 400.00
2018-00000008 2641 08/27/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000040 2641 09/30/2017 $ 400.00
2018-00000023 2646 08/27/2017 $ 100.00
2018-00000056 2646 11/26/2017 $ 400.00
2018-00000028 2648 08/27/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000048 2648 10/21/2017 $ 400.00
2018-00000059 2700 11/26/2017 $ 200.00
2018-00000095 2700 03/23/2018 $ 200.00
2018-00000060 2701 11/26/2017 $ 400.00
2017-00000011 873 08/05/2016 $ 200.00
2017-00000027 873 09/15/2016 $ 400.00
2017-00000051 873 10/20/2016 $ 1,000.00
77 Invoice Type FS Cite 106 - Administrative Citation BSWW Totals $ 66,425.00 Invoice Type Late Fee CDD Pla - Late Fee Invoice CDD Planning *revenue not recorded 2020-00000002 2050 04/04/2020 $ 400.00
2020-00000003 2050 04/04/2020 $ 800.00
2020-00000007 2964 04/04/2020 $ 100.00
Invoice Type Late Fee CDD Pla - Late Fee Invoice CDD Planning Totals $ 1,300.00 Invoice Customer Due Date Balance
Invoice Type FS Cite 105 - Administrative Citation AC *revenue not recorded 2016-00000076 1542 07/02/2016 $ 600.00
2015-00000051 2055 05/02/2015 $ 400.00
2018-00000037 2088 05/22/2018 $ 400.00
2015-00000018 2150 11/16/2014 $ 800.00
2015-00000038 2150 02/07/2015 $ 400.00
2015-00000039 2150 02/07/2015 $ 1,000.00
2015-00000040 2150 02/08/2015 $ 1,000.00
2015-00000048 2150 04/09/2015 $ 1,000.00
2015-00000053 2150 05/07/2015 $ 2,000.00
2015-00000054 2150 04/11/2015 $ 1,200.00
2016-00000003 2150 08/21/2015 $ 2,000.00
2016-00000020 2150 11/05/2015 $ 2,000.00
2020-00000003 2281 08/17/2019 $ 100.00
2020-00000034 2281 04/30/2020 $ 200.00
2016-00000059 2443 05/06/2016 $ 400.00
2018-00000013 2690 11/04/2017 $ 200.00
2020-00000005 2938 09/20/2019 $ 100.00
2020-00000010 2953 11/02/2019 $ 200.00
2020-00000045 2953 07/22/2020 $ 200.00
2022-00000010 2953 08/31/2021 $ 200.00
2022-00000013 2953 10/27/2021 $ 600.00
2021-00000018 3134 02/28/2021 $ 200.00
2021-00000032 3134 06/15/2021 $ 400.00
2022-00000074 3134 06/15/2022 $ 400.00
2022-00000087 3134 07/15/2022 $ 800.00
2021-00000026 3172 04/12/2021 $ 200.00
2021-00000034 3172 07/15/2021 $ 400.00
2022-00000023 3172 01/10/2022 $ 1,000.00
2023-00000069 3991 07/29/2023 $ 200.00
2023-00000070 3991 07/29/2023 $ 100.00
2024-00000003 3991 11/04/2023 $ 100.00
2024-00000004 3991 11/04/2023 $ 200.00
2023-00000063 4177 07/29/2023 $ 100.00
2023-00000072 4231 06/30/2023 $ 100.00
Invoice Type FS Cite 105 - Administrative Citation AC Totals $ 19,200.00 78 Invoice Type Late Fee AC - Late Fee for AC *revenue not recorded 2020-00000001 2281 04/04/2020 $ 100.00
2020-00000002 2938 04/04/2020 $ 100.00
2020-00000003 2938 04/04/2020 $ 200.00
2020-00000020 2939 05/09/2020 $ 2,000.00
2020-00000007 2952 04/04/2020 $ 200.00
2020-00000016 2953 04/04/2020 $ 200.00
2020-00000008 2954 04/04/2020 $ 100.00
2020-00000011 2963 04/04/2020 $ 200.00
2020-00000004 2966 04/04/2020 $ 200.00
2020-00000006 2967 04/04/2020 $ 200.00
2020-00000005 2968 04/04/2020 $ 200.00
2020-00000012 2969 04/04/2020 $ 300.00
2020-00000013 2969 04/04/2020 $ 400.00
2020-00000010 2970 04/04/2020 $ 500.00
2020-00000019 2970 05/09/2020 $ 1,000.00
2020-00000017 -31 04/04/2020 $ 100.00
Invoice Type Late Fee AC - Late Fee for AC Totals $ 6,000.00 79 Town of Paradise

Council Agenda Summary Agenda Item: 2(e)
Date: March 12, 2024
ORIGINATED BY: Marc Mattox, Public Works Director
REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Hire Temporary Staff for Hazardous Fuels
Reduction Project
LONG TERM Yes
RECOVERY PLAN:

COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. Approve and authorize Town staff to implement the Hazardous Fuels Reduction Project.

Project would include the hiring of three (3) full-time, limited term staff members to facilitate the 36-month program that will increase capacity for hazardous fuels along all Town Right-of-Ways.

Background:

The Town Council approved submission of 7 Hazard Mitigation Grant (HMGP) applications on October 8, 2019. Since that time, staff has continued to work with CalOES/FEMA on implementing these projects and moving them through all required environmental clearances. One of those applications was for the Hazardous Fuels Reduction Project.

With this grant, the Town of Paradise will establish a Hazardous Fuels Reduction Program to help protect the Town’s Right of Ways. Town staff will use a combination of mechanical measures and chemical techniques for the clearing of vegetation along all rights-of-way.

We anticipate full obligation and approval of this project by April 2024 by FEMA for the amount up to $1,625,872.00. Town staff has been working with CalOES/FEMA on the implementation plan to have the program ready upon approval and we have been approved to move forward with preaward hiring activities.

Implementation of the project will require hiring 3 “limited-term” Public Works Maintenance Workers that will be employed for the length of the project. The grant allows for $575,000 in expenses for these positions.

The “limited term” described above matches the anticipated length of the project of 36 months, from approximately May 2024 through May 2027.

Financial Impact:

The total upcoming project obligation award will be for $1,625,872 and includes 75% of the cost ($1,219,404.00) provided by the FEMA Hazard Mitigation Program and 25% ($406,468.00) provided by the Town.
80 Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: March 12, 2024
Agenda Item: 2(f)
ORIGINATED BY: Susan Hartman, Community Development Director – Planning & Wastewater
REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Re-Appoint two Planning Commissioners Due to
Expiration of Term of Office on June 30, 2024.

LONG TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

No
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. Re-appoint two Planning Commissioners, Charles Holman and Zeb Reynolds, whose terms will expire on June 30, 2024 for one 4-year term effective July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2028; or,

2. Approve a Notice of Vacancy and application and authorize staff to advertise the upcoming vacancies on the Planning Commission and designate two (2) Town Council members to serve as an interview panel.

Background:

The Paradise Planning Commission consists of a five-member board that was established by ordinance (Paradise Municipal Code Sections 2.12.030 through 2.12.039) to serve as an advisory board to the Paradise Town Council. The Commission meets once a month on the third Tuesday of the month at 6:00 p.m. in the Town Hall Council Chambers.

The Town Council generally appoints citizens to vacancies on boards and commissions by authorizing recruitment by application and scheduling appointments at a regular meeting. The Town Council has also utilized an interview process where two (2) Council Members serve as an interview panel and make recommendations for appointment to the full Council. In other instances of term expiration, the Town Council has re-appointed Commissioners who have voiced an interest in serving an additional term.

Analysis:

The Planning Commission terms filled by Commissioners Holman and Reynolds will expire on June 30, 2024. Discussion with Commissioners Holman and Reynolds have indicated that they would welcome a 2nd term as a Paradise Planning Commissioner. Commissioner Reynolds has served a full four-year term, but Commissioner Holman was appointed mid-term and has not served an entire 4-year appointment. Commissioners Holman and Reynolds bring an incredible wealth of knowledge to the Commission with Commissioner Holman’s background as a building plans designer, who serves on our Design Review Committee, and Commissioner Reynolds’ fire and WUI background through his CAL FIRE employment.

Staff supports the re-appointment of Commissioners Holman and Reynolds. Doing so will provide continuity on the Planning Commission. Since 2016, seven (7) Planning Commissioners (Clarkson, Neumann, Nichols, Towslee, Morris, Costa and Gerrard) have been re-appointed to second terms by the Town Council. As such, the request for re-appointment is reasonable and supported by past practice.

Financial Impact: None.
81 Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: March 12, 2024
Agenda Item: 5(a)
ORIGINATED BY: Susan Hartman, Community Development
Director – Planning & Wastewater
REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Planning Commission Recommendation for Town
Council Adoption of the Town of Paradise Safety
Element Update

LONG TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

Yes – General Plan Update
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. Consider concurring with the recommended actions adopted by the Planning Commission of February 27, 2024, and embodied within Planning Commission Resolution No. 2024-01; and,

2. Concur that the final draft Safety Element is within the scope of the previously adopted Negative Declaration; and,

3. Adopt Town of Paradise Resolution No. 2024-______, “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Adopting an Amendment to the Safety Element of the 1994 Paradise General Plan and Finding the Amendment Within the Scope of the Certified Negative Declaration Prepared for the Town of Paradise Housing and Safety Element Updates: Town of Paradise Safety Element 2024 Update”; or,

4. Provide alternative direction to town staff.

Background:

The Safety Element is one of seven mandatory elements that comprise a local agency's General Plan according to Section 65302(c) of the California Government Code. The Safety Element identifies community safety risks and establishes goals, policies, and implementation programs to safeguard residents and businesses from those risks.

The current Safety Element was originally adopted by the Town Council as part of the General Plan on October 4, 1994, through Resolution No. 94-42. The Safety Element was last updated in 2000 with minor text changes to make the Safety Element and Land Use Element internally consistent as they pertained to fire protection emergency response times.

Under changes in State law, the Town is now mandated by State Government Code Section 65302 (g)(3) to update the Safety Element in conjunction with updates to the Housing Element, or upon the update of the next Hazard Mitigation Plan. The Town’s 6th Cycle Housing Element was adopted on June 14, 2022, through Resolution No. 2022-39, and covers the 2022-2030 planning period, which triggered a review and update of the Town’s Safety Element. 82 Safety Elements are governed by the California Government Code which regulates how, when and what is included in a Safety Element and identifies the triggers for future updates. Legislation affecting Safety Elements includes, but is not limited to, SB 1035, SB 99, AB 747, SB 1241, and SB 379. The mandated requirements of the Safety Element under these laws include the following:
 Protecting against significant risks related to earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, subsidence, flooding, and wildfires as applicable.
 Including maps of known seismic and other geologic hazards.  Addressing evacuation routes, water supply requirements, and minimum road widths and clearances around structures as related to fire and geologic hazards, where applicable.
 Identifying areas subject to flooding and wildfires.
 Avoiding locating critical facilities within areas of highest risk.  Assessing the community’s vulnerability to climate change.  Including adaptation and resilience goals, policies, and implementation measures.

In addition, each Safety Element must geographically identify the location and potential extent of the risks exposed to the community using maps, which primarily include hazards surrounding seismicity, flooding, and fires.

Analysis:

The updated Safety Element builds upon post-fire studies and projects such as the Transportation Master Plan, Master Storm Drain Study and Facilities Plan, the Long-term Community Recovery Plan, the updated Emergency Operations Plan, CDBG-DR multi-family housing funds, FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Programs (siren towers and home hardening program), scheduled road improvements, and the Wildfire Buffer project to create a multi-faceted approach to fire safety on the ridge that is supported by updated and locally adopted plans and programs as well as multiagency cooperation. The Town has used the lessons learned in the Camp Fire to build a Safety Element that is a blueprint for other jurisdictions who have faced, or who are at risk of, the same types of natural disasters.

Community Outreach
On September 21, 2021, a public workshop was held for both the Safety Element and Housing Element updates to provide a presentation and information to members of the public, answer any questions, and receive feedback on several potential Safety Element policy questions posed to the participants that was also made available as an online poll for a week following the meeting.

An excerpt of those questions and responses can be found on page 3 of the Safety Element. In October 2021, local tribes were contacted for consultation on both the Housing and Safety Elements. A notice seeking review and comments was also provided to local agencies such as LAFCo, Paradise Irrigation District, Butte County Association of Governments, Del Oro Water Company, Paradise Recreation & Park District (PRPD), Butte County Fire Safe Council, Ridge Fire Safe Council, and the Butte County Office of Emergency Management in August 2023.

Comments received from PRPD and the Ridge Fire Safe Council were incorporated into the draft Safety Element.

Butte County Airport Land Use Commission
As the southern border of Town falls within the Airport Influence Area of the Paradise Airport, the Safety Element is subject to review and comment by the Butte County Airport Land Use Commission (BCALUC), pursuant to the State Aeronautic Act, which provides compatibility criteria for local jurisdictions in preparing land use plans. The Safety Element was reviewed by 83 the BCALUC on September 20, 2023, and subsequently issued a letter of consistency on September 25, 2023, with no further amendments required.

State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection’s Resource Protection Committee After multiple consultations resulting in text amendments with CAL FIRE’s Land Use Planning Unit, the Town’s Safety Element was agendized, reviewed and approved by the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection’s Resource Protection Committee on January 23, 2024, as required for all jurisdictions within a fire hazard severity zone. During the committee’s review, committee members recognized the efforts the Town has made towards fire safety and had no further recommendations for amendments. The final letter of recommendation has not yet been received by the Board so an email confirming their approval has been included in the staff report.

Environmental Review
During April and May of 2022, a joint Initial Study and Negative Declaration, regarding identified environmental impacts as outlined by the California Environmental Quality Act, was circulated for public review for the draft Housing and Safety Elements. The Negative Declaration was ultimately adopted by the Town Council on June 14, 2022. Staff has determined that there are no new significant environmental impacts or new information associated with later text amendments to the Safety Element and therefore finds the Safety Element Update within the scope of the previously adopted Negative Declaration.

Attached with the staff report for your review and consideration is a copy of the proposed final Town of Paradise Safety Element Update as well as the Planning Commission Resolution and other supporting documents for review.

Financial Impact:

If adopted by the Town Council, the cost associated with filing the Notice of Determination with the County Clerk for the (CEQA) Negative Declaration will be paid out of the General Plan Update fund.

Attachments:
 Notice of the Town Council public hearing of March 12, 2024.  Planning Commission Resolution No. 2024-01.
 Town of Paradise Resolution No. 2024- ; “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Adopting an Amendment to the Safety Element of the 1994 Paradise General Plan”.
 Final Adoption Draft of the Town of Paradise Updated Safety Element. 84 TOWN OF PARADISE

NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING

PARADISE TOWN COUNCIL
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN BY THE Paradise Town Council that a public hearing will be held on Tuesday, March 12, 2024 at 6:00 p.m., or as soon thereafter as possible, in the Town Hall Council Chambers, 5555 Skyway, Paradise, California, regarding the following matter:
a. Item for which a Negative Declaration was previously certified Town of Paradise Safety Element Update – The Town Council will hold a public hearing regarding the proposed Final Town of Paradise General Plan Safety Element Update. State law requires that the Town update the Safety Element upon revision of the Housing Element, which it updated in June 2022. The goal of the Safety Element is to reduce the negative impacts caused by natural phenomena, such as fire, floods, droughts, and earthquakes. The General Plan Safety Element is required to address climate adaptation and resiliency strategies over the next 6 years as well as identify residential developments in hazard areas that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes. Environmental review of the draft Housing and Safety Elements was completed and adopted in June 2022. The Town has determined that the final draft Safety Element does not include substantive changes that would result in new or more impacts than those identified, analyzed, and adopted and is within the scope of and consistent with the Negative Declaration certified by Town Council through Resolution No. 2022-39. The final draft Safety Element and associated environmental document can be found online at https://www.townofparadise.com/planning/page/safety-element or a public view copy is available at the Building Resiliency Center located at 6295 Skyway. If you challenge this project in court, you may be limited to raising only those issues you or someone else raised at the public hearing described in this notice, or in written correspondence delivered to the Town Clerk at, or prior to, the public hearing. For further information please contact the Planning Division at (530) 872-6291, extension 424.

Dina Volenski
Town Clerk
85 86
87 TOWN OF PARADISE
RESOLUTION NO. 2024-

A RESOLUTION OF THE TOWN COUNCIL OF THE TOWN OF PARADISE ADOPTING AN AMENDMENT TO THE SAFETY ELEMENT OF THE 1994 PARADISE GENERAL PLAN AND

FINDING THE AMENDMENT WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THE CERTIFIED NEGATIVE

DECLARATION PREPARED FOR THE TOWN OF PARADISE HOUSING AND SAFETY ELEMENT UPDATES: TOWN OF PARADISE SAFETY ELEMENT 2024 UPDATE WHEREAS, the Safety Element is one of the seven mandatory elements of the Town’s General Plan that are required by State law; and
WHEREAS, the update of the Safety Element focuses on identifying public safety risks and creating a unique set of goals, policies, and implementation actions that address these risks; and
WHEREAS, Senate Bill (SB) 1035 requires jurisdictions to review their Safety Element at least every eight years and revise it as necessary to address climate change and resiliency strategies; and
WHEREAS, SB 99 requires jurisdictions to review their Safety Element concurrently with the update to the Town’s Housing Element and revise it as necessary to identify residential developments in a hazard area identified in the Safety Element that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes; and
WHEREAS, Assembly Bill (AB) 747 requires jurisdictions to identify evacuation routes and their capacity, safety, and viability under a range of emergency scenarios; and WHEREAS, the Town has prepared an update to the Safety Element pursuant to the requirements of SB 1035, SB 99, and AB 747; and
WHEREAS, the Town of Paradise Safety Element incorporates by reference the current Butte County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in 2019, as required by AB 2140 to increase opportunities for financial assistance under the California Disasters Assistance Act; and
WHEREAS, the update to the Safety Element was completed concurrently as part of the Housing Element for 2022-2030 and will be a stand-alone Safety Element upon adoption; and WHEREAS, pursuant to Government Code section 65302(g)(8), the draft update of the Safety Element was made available for review to the California Geological Survey of the Department of Conversation (CGS) and the Office of Emergency Services as well as the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to California Public Utilities Code (PUC) Section 21676(b), the draft Safety Element was referred to the Butte County Airport Land Use Commission (BCALUC) for a determination of consistency with relevant airport/land use compatibility criteria in the comprehensive Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan for the environs of the Paradise Skypark Airport; and
88 TOWN OF PARADISE
RESOLUTION NO. 2024-_____
WHEREAS, on September 20, 2023, the BCALUC determined the update to the Town of Paradise Safety Element to be consistent with the applicable airport/land use policies; and WHEREAS, the Town is also required to conduct early coordination with participating State agencies, such as CAL FIRE, and receive a recommendation for the Safety Element from the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection due to the Town’s location within a designated Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone; and
WHEREAS, on January 23, 2024, the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection’s Resource Protection Committee had no recommendations for further updates to the Safety Element; and WHEREAS, an Initial Study and Negative Declaration were prepared to evaluate the environmental impacts of the Housing and Safety Element Updates pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and certified on June 14, 2022 through Paradise Town Council Resolution No. 2022-39 (State Clearinghouse No. 2022040351); and WHEREAS, the Town of Paradise acting as lead agency has determined that there are no new significant environmental impacts or new information associated with the project and therefore finds the Safety Element Update within the scope of the previously adopted Negative Declaration; and
WHEREAS, the Safety Element was publicly made available on February 11, 2024, and no written comments were received from members of the public; and WHEREAS, California Government Code Sections 65353 and 65354 require the Planning Commission to conduct a public hearing and notify the Town Council in writing of its recommendation; and
WHEREAS, the Paradise Planning Commission conducted a duly noticed public hearing on February 27, 2024 concerning the proposed amendment to the Safety Element text of the 1994 Paradise General Plan and, after conducting the public hearing, adopted Resolution No. 2024-01 recommending Town Council approval of the Draft Safety Element Update; and WHEREAS, on February 28, 2024, a public hearing notice was published for the Town Council public hearing on March 12, 2024; and
WHEREAS, the Town Council has considered the analysis and recommendations of town staff; has considered the Safety Element, as revised in response to comments received from the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE); and has considered comments made at a public hearing conducted by the Town Council; and on the basis thereof has determined pursuant to Government Code Section 65358 that a certain amendment to the 1994 Paradise General Plan that would update the Safety Element in order to attain compliance with current State safety element law is not only in the public interest but also would be internally consistent with the remainder of the Paradise General Plan.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Paradise Town Council of the Town of Paradise as follows:
89 TOWN OF PARADISE
RESOLUTION NO. 2024-_____
SECTION 1. The Town, as lead agency under CEQA, has certified the Town of Paradise Housing and Safety Elements Update Negative Declaration by adoption of Town Resolution No. 2022-39 on June 14, 2022. The Town as lead agency, has determined that the update of the Safety Element does not include substantive changes that would result in new or more impacts than those identified, analyzed, and adopted as part of the project and is within the scope of and consistent with the final Negative Declaration certified by Town Council through Resolution No. 2022-39. Therefore, the update of the Safety Element has been determined to be within the scope of and consistent with the certified Negative Declaration and therefore no addendum or supplement to the Negative Declaration is necessary; and SECTION 2. The Town Council hereby adopts the amendment to the Safety Element of the 1994 Paradise General Plan known as Town of Paradise Safety Element 2024 Update in order to make the Paradise Safety Element consistent with current State safety element law, which amendment is set forth in Exhibit “A” attached hereto.

PASSED AND ADOPTED by the Town Council of the Town of Paradise this 12 th day of
March 2024, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:
______________________________
Ron Lassonde, Mayor
ATTEST:

By:______________________________
Dina Volenski, Town Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM:

By:______________________________
Scott E. Huber, Town Attorney
90 Prepared for:

Town of Paradise
Draft December 2023
Safety Element
91 92
DECEMBER 2023DRAFT
TOWN OF PARADISE GENERAL PLAN 2022-2030 i

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION................................................................................... 1 PLANNING PROCESS AND OUTREACH...............................................2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK...............................................................2 Relationship to Other Plans...........................................................4 COMMUNITY PROFILE......................................................................... 7 HAZARD PROFILES..............................................................................8 Fire Hazards ..................................................................................8 Geologic and Seismic Hazards..................................................... 16 Flooding...................................................................................... 19 Hazardous Materials ................................................................... 21 Climate Resiliency/Severe Weather............................................. 21 Drought.......................................................................................29 Disaster Preparedness, Response, and Recovery......................... 30 GOALS, POLICIES, AND PROGRAMS................................................. 38 93 GENERAL PLAN | SAFETY ELEMENT
DECEMBER 2023DRAFT
ii TOWN OF PARADISE GENERAL PLAN 2022-2030

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Town of Paradise - Structures Damaged in the Camp Fire by Level of Damage................................................... 12 Table 2: Butte County – Cal-Adapt Climate Projections.................22 Table 3: Overall Evacuation Scenarios Analysis Summary ............. 31 Table 4: Newly Created Access Easement or Right-of-Way
Width Requirements ........................................................ 36 Table 5: Roadway Design Guidelines ............................................. 36

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Public Community Meeting................................................2 Figure 2: Excerpt of Survey Results................................................... 3 Figure 3: Fire Hazard Severity Zones .............................................. 10 Figure 4: General Plan Land Use and Critical Facilities .................... 11 Figure 5: Wildfire Likelihood........................................................... 12 Figure 6: Map of Historical Fires...................................................... 13 Figure 7: CAL FIRE Direct Protection Areas .................................... 15 Figure 8: Map of Faults ................................................................... 18 Figure 9: Map of Earthquake Shaking Potential.............................. 19 Figure 10: Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment.......................22 Figure 11: Projected Heat Waves – California and Historical Heat Health Events ..........................................................26 Figure 12: Inadequate Emergency Access: Existing .......................... 32 Figure 13: Inadequate Emergency Access: After Transportation Master Plan Improvements .............................................. 33 Figure 14: Evacuation Routes ........................................................... 34 Figure 15: Transportation Master Plan Roadway Improvement Plan.................................................................................. 35 Figure 16: Evacuation Zones............................................................. 37

LIST OF EXHIBITS
Exhibit A: Butte County Climate Change Vulnerability
Assessment...................................................................... 57 94 DECEMBER 2023DRAFT
TOWN OF PARADISE GENERAL PLAN 2022-2030 1
GENERAL PLAN | SAFETY ELEMENT

INTRODUCTION
The Safety Element is the primary document for linking land use, conservation, and housing decisions to local safety planning. The goal of the element is to protect public health and safety by reducing potential short- and long-term unreasonable risk of death, injuries, property damage, and economic impacts resulting from the effects of natural and non-natural hazards. Natural hazards for the town of Paradise include fire hazards, seismic and other geologic hazards, flooding, drought, and hazardous materials. The Safety Element also includes sections on climate resiliency and disaster preparedness and recovery, which include evacuation routes and emergency services.

The impacts of climate change pose an increasing and growing challenge to the safety and well-being of the residents of Paradise.

California will continue to experience effects of climate change in different ways, including increased likelihood of wildfires, heat waves, drought, flooding, severe weather, and sea-level rise. The Safety Element also addresses climate vulnerability and adaptation. The primary goals of the Safety Element are to protect the residents of Paradise from these hazards and to ensure that law enforcement and fire protection continue to meet the demands of new and existing land use development.

In November of 2018, Paradise and some surrounding areas in Butte County faced one of the most destructive wildfires in California history.

This fire, known as the 2018 Camp Fire, resulted in the loss of 85 lives, nearly 19,000 structures, the burning of more than 150,000 acres over two weeks, and $9 billion in insurance claims. It took less than six hours for the Camp Fire to destroy over 90 percent of Paradise. Thousands were left without a home to return to and some were only fortunate enough to grab a few of their possessions before escaping. The fire was reported 100 percent contained 17 days after it began. Addressing short- and long-term risks associated with wildfires and other hazards is important to ensure the improved safety of the community and assist in rebuilding with additional resiliency as Paradise recovers from the Camp Fire.
95 GENERAL PLAN | SAFETY ELEMENT
DECEMBER 2023DRAFT
2 TOWN OF PARADISE GENERAL PLAN 2022-2030
The Safety Element is organized as described below.
 Introduction provides context and outlines the
purpose of this document.
 Planning Process and Outreach summarizes
stakeholder outreach conducted in development
of the Safety Element.
 Regulatory Framework outlines the various
regulatory bodies and documents that also
govern safety issues and describes the Safety
Element’s relationship to these other policies and
plans.
 Community Profile describes the geographic
context of the town as well as information on
population and development trends and existing
circulation.
 Hazard Profiles are provided for each required
hazard: fire, geologic and seismic hazards,
flooding, hazardous materials, climate
resilience/severe weather, and drought. This
section also discusses the Town’s efforts and
existing programs related to disaster
preparedness, response, and recovery.
 Goals, Policies, and Programs establishes new
(and identifies ongoing) policies and
implementation programs to continue to protect
residents and property.

PLANNING PROCESS AND

OUTREACH
In tandem with the Housing Element update, the
Safety Element update involved community
outreach through stakeholder interviews as well as a
community meeting, which offered valuable
feedback on safety and resiliency policies. The public
community meeting was held on September 21, 2021
which utilized breakout rooms (see Figure 1) and a
live poll to gather community feedback. The live poll
was made available as an online survey to gather
additional public feedback for one week following
the meeting.

Figure 1: Public Community Meeting
Based on this meeting and survey, it was understood
that community members strongly supported
establishing greenbelts or parks on key parcels to
serve as wildfire buffers around the periphery of
town. Other supported policies included easements
to allow the Town to perform vegetation
management on private property, increasing
resiliency standards for new construction, and
programs to educate and facilitate property owners
on hardening their homes. See Figure 2 for an
excerpt of the survey results.

In addition, consistent with Government Code
Section 65302(g)(8), the Town reached out to the
California Geological Survey of the Department of
Conservation and the Office of Emergency Services
to request data sources and provide opportunity for
consultation. No consultations were requested.

REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
This chapter describes the regulatory context of the
Safety Element and its relationship to other local
planning documents.

All counties and incorporated communities in
California must prepare a General Plan, and one of
the required elements (or chapters) of the General
Plan is a Safety Element. This Safety Element meets
these requirements, which are laid out in California
law, particularly Section 65302(g) of the California
Government Code. State law requires that the Safety
Element address the following:
96 GENERAL PLAN | SAFETY ELEMENT
DECEMBER 2023DRAFT
TOWN OF PARADISE GENERAL PLAN 2022-2030 3
Figure 2: Excerpt of Survey Results
 Protect the community from risks associated
with a variety of hazards, including seismic
activity, landslides, flooding, and wildfire, as
required by the California Government Code
Section 65302(g)(1).
 Map and assess the risk associated with flood
hazards, develop policies to minimize the flood
risk to new development and essential public
facilities, and establish effective working
relationships among agencies with flood
protection responsibilities, as required by
California Government Code Section 65302(g)(2).
 Map and assess the risk associated with wildfire
hazards, develop policies to reduce the wildfire
risk to new land uses and essential facilities,
ensure there is adequate road and water
infrastructure to respond to wildfire
emergencies, and establish cooperative
relationships between wildfire protection
agencies, as required by California Government
Code Section 65302(g)(3).
 Assess the risks associated with climate change
on local assets, populations, and resources. Note
existing and planned development in at-risk
areas and identify agencies responsible for
providing public health and safety and
environmental protection. Develop goals,
policies, and objectives to reduce the risks
associated with climate change impacts,
including locating new public facilities outside of
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high hazard areas, providing adequate
infrastructure in at-risk areas, and supporting
natural infrastructure for climate adaptation, as
required by California Government Code Section
65302(g)(4).
 Identify "residential developments in any hazard
area identified in the safety element that do not
have at least two emergency evacuation
routes” as required by California Government
Code Section 65302(g)(5), added by SB 99
(2019).

RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PLANS
This Safety Element is one of several plans that
address public safety, disaster mitigation, wildfire
protection, and other related topics. The Safety
Element is consistent with these other plans,
ensuring the Town and the surrounding region have
a unified strategy to address public safety issues. The Safety Element’s relationship to other local plans is
detailed below.

Butte County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP)
LHMPs are required by the Federal Disaster
Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-390). Having
an approved LHMP is needed in order for a local
jurisdiction to qualify for certain federal disaster
assistance and hazard mitigation funding. LHMPs are
required to be updated every five years.

The Butte County LHMP was developed in
accordance with the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000
(DMA 2000) and followed FEMA’s Local Hazard
Mitigation Plan guidance. The LHMP incorporates a
process where hazards are identified and profiled,
the people and facilities at risk are analyzed, and
mitigation actions are developed to reduce or
eliminate hazard risk. The implementation of these
mitigation actions, which include both short and
long-term strategies, involve planning, policy
changes, programs, projects, and other activities.

The LHMP can be found at this location:
https://www.buttecounty.net/808/Local-HazardMitigation-Plan.

The Town of Paradise has participated in the LHMP
multi-jurisdictional effort and has adopted each
update of the LHMP. The LHMP was also developed,
among other things, to ensure Butte County and
participating jurisdictions’ continued eligibility for
certain federal disaster assistance, specifically the
FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP),
Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program (PDM), and the
Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (FMA).

The Safety Element is aligned with and draws heavily
from the Butte County LHMP. The LHMP and Safety
Element requirements are very similar in many
respects, but not identical. The LHMP focuses on
more specific mitigation actions while the Safety
Element provides a higher-level view and more
general safety-related policies across a broader array
of topics. AB 2140 (2006) encourages (but does not
require) a jurisdiction to incorporate the LHMP by
reference into the Safety Element. Recent State
legislation, SB 379 (2015) and SB 1035 (2018), have
linked required updates of the Safety Element to the
required updates of the LHMP and Housing Element.

The Town of Paradise has adopted and hereby
incorporates by reference the most current Butte
County LHMP as part of this Safety Element.

Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
A Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) is a
planning and funding prioritization tool authorized
by the Federal Healthy Forests and Restoration Act
of 2003 as an incentive for communities to engage in
comprehensive forest and fire hazard planning and
help define and prioritize local needs. CWPPs are
updated every five years.

The Butte County CWPP was collaboratively
developed through interested parties including
Federal, State, City, Town, and County agencies
within the Unit (the Unit includes Butte County and
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some adjacent areas). The plan identifies and
prioritizes pre-fire and post-fire management
strategies and tactics meant to reduce the loss of
values at risk within the Unit. It is intended to be used as a planning and assessment tool only. By placing
the emphasis on what needs to be done long before
a fire starts, the fire plan strives to reduce firefighting costs and property losses, increase firefighter safety, and enhance ecosystem health. The Butte County
CWPP has been developed based upon the priority
goals and objectives identified by the Butte County
Fire Department and by local collaborators. The plan
addresses the pre-fire strategies and tactics that will be implemented in cooperation with the fire
agencies in Butte County, the Butte County Fire Safe
Council, local community groups, and landowners.

The Butte CWPP can be found at this location:
https://buttefiresafe.net/document-library/buttecounty-community-wildfire-protection-plan-cwpp2021-2025/.

The Butte CWPP also serves as the Butte Unit Fire
Plan, further described below.

Butte Unit Fire Plan
California Department of Forestry and Fire
Protection (CAL FIRE) operations are divided into 21
operational units. Each unit is required to have a Unit Fire Plan. Annual updates to the Unit Fire Plans are
due June 1 of each year. Each unit plan addresses
how each CAL FIRE Unit and Contract County is
achieving the goals and objectives of the California
Strategic Fire Plan. For the CAL FIRE Butte Unit, the
Butte County CWPP also serves as the Butte Unit Fire
Plan.

The Butte Unit Fire Plan can be found at this location:
https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/divisions/communitywildfire-preparedness-and-mitigation/fireplan/#unit.

Long Term Community Recovery Plan
The Town of Paradise Long Term Community
Recovery Plan (LTCRP) was created in 2019 by the
community in direct response to the 2018 Camp Fire.

The LTCRP includes an overview of the disaster, a
detailed description of the community engagement
process, the full recovery plan, and detailed recovery
projects, both Town-led and partner-led. The LTCRP
is centered around a consensus vision and goals
generated by community members through
outreach efforts. Projects proposed in the LTCRP
include road evaluation and rehabilitation, a
walkable downtown, reseeding the town, broadband
services, public safety, and much more. In 2022, the
LTCRP was updated to reflect new priorities and
projects in the Town’s recovery.

The LTCRP and any updates can be found at this
location: https://www.townofparadise.com/recovery.

Town of Paradise Transportation Master Plan
Funded by a United States Economic Development
Administration (EDA) grant, the Town of Paradise
Transportation Master Plan (TMP) is a foundational
document that guides the Town of Paradise’s (Town)
recovery through transportation initiatives and
strategies consistent with the Town of Paradise
LTCRP. The TMP is a critical step to both the Town’s
short-term recovery and vibrant long-term future.

The TMP includes a comprehensive analysis of the
Town’s transportation daily needs, as well as
recommend gap closures to strengthen future traffic
evacuation demands. Additionally, the TMP
considers how travel within the community can
benefit from dedicated sidewalks and bikeways, and
how transportation improvements can increase
safety and support economic growth. The TMP will
help to ensure safe, modern travel options, and
efficient evacuation routes for the Town’s residents,
business owners, and visitors.

The TMP can be found at this location:
https://www.townofparadise.com/pwe/
page/transportation-recovery-efforts.
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Town of Paradise – Other General Plan Elements
The Safety Element is one of the required elements
of a general plan in California. State law requires that “the general plan and elements and parts thereof
comprise an integrated, internally consistent, and
compatible statement of policies.” The Safety
Element is being updated concurrently with the
Housing Element. The Housing Element for 2022-
2030 was adopted in 2022. The remainder of the
Town of Paradise General Plan was adopted in 1994
and last amended in 2008. A comprehensive update
of the remaining elements of the General Plan is
proposed for 2023-2025.

Several Safety Element goals and policies are related
to topics and policies in other general plan elements,
including the Land Use, Circulation, Housing, and
Open Space/Conservation/Energy Elements. Goals
and policies most relevant to the Safety Element are
listed below.
 LUP-2 The environmental and infrastructure
constraints analysis system should be used to
determine future zoning classifications,
densities, and intensities of land use and to
evaluate future development projects.
 LUG-8 Assure that law enforcement and fire
protection services are enhanced sufficiently to
meet the demands of new and existing land use
development.
 LUP-14 Growth and land use development
should be linked to the availability of public
services and facilities, and to the degree of
overall infrastructure and environmental
constraints affecting property in the town.
 LUP-20 New land use development shall not
cause the levels of police and fire protection to
fall below the service levels established by this
plan.
 LUG-10 Encourage infill development consistent
with open space needs, neighborhood character
and infrastructure capacity.
 LUG-13 Designate appropriate areas for high
density residential use and for institutional and
public uses in centralized and convenient
locations.
 LUP-27 The town shall create a Central
Commercial area generally bounded by Skyway,
the Paradise Memorial Trailway, Elliott Road,
and Pearson Road, evidencing the following:
ready access from a variety of directions,
visibility, established businesses, available
developable land, and sufficient infrastructure
planned or in place to support a more
concentrated form of activity.
 LUP-82 Proposed development projects in the
tertiary planning area shall acknowledge
potential high wildland fire hazards, and include
a comprehensive approach to regional fire
protection, consistent with State and local fire
protection laws and standards.
 OCEI-9 Establish open space, resource
conservation, or low density rural residential
zoning on sensitive (environmentally
constrained) lands, such as areas of resource
production, stream corridors and slopes greater
than 30 percent.
 OCEI-25 Eliminate leaf burning after establishing
a program for disposing of yard waste in an
environmentally sensitive manner.
 CG-4 Provide adequate access, including access
for emergency vehicles and evacuation, to all
new parcels and to existing parcels when
feasible.
 HG-2 Improve, rebuild, and preserve safe, decent
housing and neighborhoods for all Paradise
residents, including preparation for wildfire
resiliency.

Paradise Household Hazardous Waste Element
In accordance with the requirements of State law,
the Town of Paradise adopted a Household
Hazardous Waste Element (HHWE) in 1992, which is
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hereby incorporated by reference into this Safety
Element.

Town of Paradise Emergency Operations Plan
The Town of Paradise Emergency Operations Plan
(EOP) addresses the Town’s planned response to
extraordinary emergency situations associated with
natural disasters, technological incidents, and
national security emergencies in or affecting the
Town of Paradise. The plan does not apply to normal
day-to-day emergencies or the established
departmental procedures used to cope with such
emergencies. Rather, this plan focuses on
operational concepts and would be implemented
relative to large-scale disasters that can pose major
threats to life, property, and the environment
requiring unusual emergency responses. The plan
establishes the emergency management
organization required to mitigate any significant
emergency or disaster and identifies the roles and
responsibilities required to protect the health and
safety of Paradise residents and public and private
property. The plan also establishes the operational
concepts associated with a field response to
emergencies, the Town of Paradise Emergency
Operations Center (EOC) activities, and the recovery
process.

The Emergency Operations Plan can be found at this
location: https://www.townofparadise.com/
community/page/emergency-operations-plan.

Paradise Skypark Airport Land Use Plan
The Paradise Skypark Airport is a privately owned
and operated general aviation airport located south
of the Town limits between Neal Road and Pentz
Road. Land uses around airports are subject to the
limitations established by the Airport Land Use
Commission (ALUC) through the adoption of Airport
Land Use Compatibility Plans.

The Butte County Airport Land Use Compatibility
Plan adopted by the ALUC provides compatibility
criteria for use by local jurisdictions in preparing land use plans and ordinances and review of proposed
development. The Airport Influence Area extends up
to approximately one mile into the Town of Paradise
(approximately 1.8 miles from the north end of the
runway). The Butte County Airport Land Use
Compatibility Plan is hereby adopted by reference
into this Safety Element.

The Butte County Airport Land Use Compatibility
Plan can be found at this location: https://www.butte
county.net/541/Airport-Land-Use-CommissionALUC.

COMMUNITY PROFILE
Incorporated in 1979, the town of Paradise is located
at the juncture of the western slopes of the Cascade
and Sierra Nevada systems in north central Butte
County. Topography and drainage patterns have had
a major influence on development patterns in the
area. This area is defined by steep canyons—to the
east by the West Branch of the Feather River
drainage, and to the northwest by the Butte CreekLittle Butte Creek drainage. The town of Paradise is accessible via Skyway, State Highway 191, Neal
Road, and Pentz Road from the south. Skyway is the
main entrance to town from the north. Paradise
occupies an area identified as the Lower Ridge,
which ranges from 2,200 feet in elevation in the
north to 1,500 feet in elevation at the town’s
southern boundary. The area encompassing Paradise
has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate.

Originally settled during the Gold Rush era, the Town
of Paradise and surrounding area grew very slowly
during the first half of this century. Paradise is
predominately residential in character, and most of
its dwelling units are single-family units. Multi-family units, at densities ranging from 8 to 12 units per acre, are found primarily in central Paradise, near
commercial uses, and along major arterial streets.

The Town’s central business district consists of a
narrow band of commercial uses along both sides of
Skyway generally between Pearson Road and Elliott
Road and stretching as far east as Black Olive Drive.

The Town contains relatively little industrial
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development. Agricultural uses, including vineyards,
orchards, and grazing land, are located primarily in
the southern third of the town.

The population of Paradise remained relatively
constant, within a few hundred people, between
2000 and 2018. The Town was projected to reach a
population of 29,547 by 2030, a growth rate of less
than 1 percent per year, which is about half as much
growth as was expected for the County. However,
according to California Department of Finance
estimates, the 2018 Camp Fire led to a population
decrease from 26,581 as of January 1, 2018 to 4,474
as of January 1, 2019. Population has since increased
to 9,142 as of January 1, 2023.

Historically, the highest percentage of jobs in
Paradise and Butte County have been in Health &
Education Services at 31 percent and 26 percent,
respectively. Between 2002 and 2015, the number of
jobs in Paradise increased by 17 percent, and then
dropped again by 7 percent between 2015 and 2018.

After the 2018 Camp Fire, many jobs, especially
related to the hospital, were lost or moved elsewhere
in the County due to the destruction caused by the
fire.

Paradise’s housing stock in 2015 was made up of
69 percent single-family detached homes, 16 percent
mobile homes, and 9 percent multi-family homes
with 2 to 4 units. The Camp Fire led to significant
decreases in all housing stock, from 13,091 units in
2018 to 1,720 in 2019 to 4,365 in January 2023
according to the California Department of Finance. In
2023, the housing stock consisted of a 66 percent
single-family detached or single-family attached
homes, 15 percent multi-family homes with 2 to 4
units, 6 percent multi-family homes with five or more
units, and 13 percent mobile homes.

Transportation within and around Paradise is
predominately done by private vehicle. North to
South circulation is provided by four main streets:

Skyway, Neal Road, Clark Road, and Pentz Road.

Circulation east to west is more constrained, as there
is not one road that crosses the entire town’s
diameter. Larger east to west roads include Wagstaff
Road, Bille Road, Elliott Road, and Pearson Road.

The Town of Paradise uses a great number of private
streets as local streets. Development patterns have
resulted in narrow, substandard streets with
deteriorated lanes, which affects access for fire and
police protection. The Butte Regional Transit (BLine) is the regional public transit system. B-Line routes 40 and 41 serve Paradise with service to Chico
and Magalia.

As previously mentioned, the existing development
in Paradise is primarily single-family homes, followed
by small multi-family buildings (i.e., duplexes,
triplexes, and fourplexes). Through the Regional
Housing Needs Allocation process, the Town has
been assigned 7,179 housing units for which it has to
plan for the 2022-2030 planning period. The Housing
Element envisions reaching this number with
increased density along Skyway and Clark Road
where a sewer system is planned in addition to the
rebuilding of single-family homes lost to the Camp
Fire.

HAZARD PROFILES
This section outlines the existing hazardous
conditions and other public safety issues in Paradise.

Consistent with State law, the hazard events
discussed include those related to fires, geologic and
seismic hazards, flooding, hazardous materials,
climate change related severe weather (e.g., extreme
heat, power shutoffs), and drought. This section also
discusses emergency preparedness.

Each of the identified hazards includes a discussion
of the existing conditions, past examples of the
hazard in and around Paradise, and the regulatory
setting and responsible agencies associated with the
hazard.

FIRE HAZARDS
Given its combination of complex terrain,
Mediterranean climate, and ample natural ignition
sources from productive natural plant communities,
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California is a very fire-prone area. In addition,
utilities have frequently been the cause of wildfire,
including in the case of the Camp Fire where a spark
from an aging power line was determined to have
started the blaze.

Existing Conditions
Wildland fire is an ongoing concern for the Town of
Paradise, as exemplified by the Camp Fire in 2018.

Generally, the fire season extends from early spring
through late fall of each year during the hotter, dryer months. Fire conditions arise from a combination of
high temperatures, low moisture content in the air
and fuel, accumulation of vegetation, and high
winds. Throughout California, communities are
increasingly concerned about wildfire safety as
increased development in the foothills and mountain
areas and subsequent fire suppression practices have
affected the natural cycle of the ecosystem.

The topography of the town contributes to the fire
hazards. Paradise is flanked by steep canyons to the
northwest and east sides of the community and
intermediary drainages to the south. At the southern
end of Paradise, 1,600-foot elevation wildland fuels
consist of light grass and brush with residential
structures intermixed within the wildland fuels. The
wildland fuels transition to heavy brush in the
adjoining canyons and conifer forests through the
majority of town to the northern extent at 2,300-foot
elevation.

The climate in Butte County is Mediterranean which
means summer conditions are warm, dry, and often
accompanied by wind. The topography, fuel
conditions, and Mediterranean climate combine to
make the town of Paradise and surrounding areas of
Butte County at high risk for wildfire. This coupled
with the relatively moderate residential population of
Paradise and the surrounding area present a unique
wildland urban interface firefighting problem. The
1 Lunder, Zeke, Founder and Pyrogeographer, 2021.

Personal communication with Deer Creek Resources,
November 4.

Town can best be described as a mix of relatively
high-density wildland urban interface environment
where structures on the northwest and eastern sides
of town abruptly adjoin the wildland, and on the
southern end of town, a moderate density wildland
urban intermix where homes are intermixed with the
wildland vegetation.

CAL FIRE is required by Government Code Section
51178 to map areas of moderate, high, and very high
fire hazard severity zones based on “fuel loading,
slope, fire weather, and other relevant factors
including where winds have been identified…as a
major cause of wildfire spread.” These designations,
referred to as Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ),
mandate how people construct buildings and protect
property to reduce risk associated with wildland fires.

There are three zones, based on increasing fire
hazard: medium, high, and very high. Maps of the
FHSZs are provided by the California Department of
Forestry and Fire Protection’s Fire and Resource
Assessment Program (FRAP). FRAP issues maps for
Local Responsibility Areas (LRA) such as Paradise
and State Responsibility Areas (SRA).

As shown in Figure 3 below, wildfire threat as
identified by the FRAP maps within the town is
almost entirely Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone
(VHFHSZ). Some areas along the southern boundary
of the Town and along the Dry Creek west of Pentz
Road are non-VHFHSZ.

Although a few areas are not designated VHFHSZ by
the FRAP maps, the Town, by local ordinance, has
designated the entire town in a VHFHSZ
concurrently with the adoption of the California
Building Standards Code. The Camp Fire showed
that the whole town has extreme fire risk and based
on professional opinion, the entire region known as
the Ridge (e.g., Paradise, Concow, Magalia, Pulga)
has extreme fire hazard severity potential.1
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Figure 3: Fire Hazard Severity Zones
Source: California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Fire and Resource Assessment Program (FRAP), Fire Hazard Severity Zone Map for Paradise (https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/divisions/community-wildfire-preparedness-and-mitigation/wildfirepreparedness/fire-hazard-severity-zones/fire-hazard-severity-zone-maps/).

Critical facilities, such as Police and Fire Stations, as located along primary evacuation routes and are
therefore in accessible locations. There are no areas
of the Town lacking service. Figure 4 shows the
General Plan Land Use designations, Police and Fire
Stations.

The Town’s interactive geographic information
system (GIS) including zoning, land use and other
information can be found here: https://www.townof
paradisemapping.com/.

Fire Hazard Severity Zones Maps for both LRAs and
SRAs can be found here: https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/
divisions/community-wildfire-preparedness-andmitigation/wildfire-preparedness/fire-hazardseverity-zones/fire-hazard-severity-zone-maps/.

Areas designated VHFHSZ are subject to more
stringent requirements for buildings and property
maintenance. California’s wildland building codes
(CBC Chapter 7A) apply to the design and
construction of new buildings located in VHFHSZs in
Local Responsibility Areas. Local ordinances may
require ignition-resistant construction for remodel
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Figure 4: General Plan Land Use and Critical Facilities Source: Town of Paradise, 2023 (see: https://www.townofparadisemapping.com/). projects. The Town considers any additions or
remodels to be new construction and therefore
subject to wildland building codes when 50 percent
or more of the exterior weight bearing walls are
removed or demolished. In addition, Government
Code Section 51182 calls for defensible space
clearance and other wildland fire safety practices for
buildings. Owners are also required to make a natural
hazard disclosure as part of a real estate transfer.

Beginning July 1, 2021, California Assembly Bill 38
(AB 38, 2019) requires all homes in a High or VHFHSZ
to be compliant following a Defensible Space
Inspection.

Another resource to help understand wildfire risk is
the Wildfire Risk to Communities maps provided by
2 Ibid.
the USDA Forest Service. These maps are based on a
variety of data, including vegetation and fuels from
LANDFIRE, weather from the national Weather
Service and community data from the U.S. Census
Bureau. Figure 5 shows the Wildfire Hazard Potential
for Paradise using these datasets. Compared to the
CAL FIRE FHSZ maps, this map shows more areas of
lower risk. Many of the lower-risk areas to the east
around Concow were mapped as lower hazard
because of the presence of the 2008 fire scar there.

This assumption (recent burns will have lower
severity fire) was not borne out by the Camp Fire.

Fire experts recommend looking at potential future
vegetation, not just existing conditions and for this
reason, caution against considered areas on the
Ridge as low fire risk.2
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Figure 5: Wildfire Likelihood
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Wildfire Risk to Communities, 2023.

Historical Data
The 2018 Camp Fire was the most destructive and
deadliest fire in the State’s history up to that point.3 Fire was first reported around 6:30 a.m. on
November 8 near Poe Dam and grew rapidly given
extreme (up to almost 50 mph) winds, entering the
Town of Paradise by 8:00 a.m. The Butte County Fire
Department issued an evacuation order for the entire
town, but many residents of Paradise were unable to
evacuate before the fire arrived. Failures in the
emergency alert system, including the loss of 17 cell
towers, compounded the danger of the situation.

Four at-risk areas in the town were not notified of
evacuation orders due to human error and a technical
error led to 94 percent of residents in some areas not
being notified of emergency alerts.

In its first week, the fire burned tens of thousands of acres per day. The western half was contained once
3 Butte County Office of Emergency Management, Butte
County Camp Fire Response County-Wide After Action
Report, August 2020, p. 5.
the fire reached highway and roadway arteries that
formed barriers, but the eastern half continued to
burn into a second week. Heavy rain fell starting on
November 21 which helped contain the fire, and on
November 25, CAL FIRE declared it 100 percent
contained. The counts of structures damaged and
destroyed in the Town of Paradise are provided in
Table 1.

TABLE 1: TOWN OF PARADISE - STRUCTURES DAMAGED IN

THE CAMP FIRE BY LEVEL OF DAMAGE
Damage Assessment
Damaged
Structure Count
% of Total
Structure Count
Destroyed (>50%) 14,352 86.9%
Major (25-50%) 18 0.1%
Minor (10-25%) 69 0.4%
Affected (1-9%) 449 2.7%
No Damage 1,633 9.9%
Town of Paradise Total 16,521 100%
Source: CAL FIRE, Camp Incident Damage Inspection Report (DINS) November 26, 2018.
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In addition to the Camp Fire, there have been
multiple wildfires over the years in and near the
Town, as noted in the LHMP. More details including
maps of previous fires are contained in the LHMP
Volume 1. The previous fires in and near the Town of
Paradise are shown in Figure 6 and summarized
below.
 August 26, 2016 – Santos Incident. A small fire
occurred off Highway 32 at Santos Ranch Road,
south of Forest Ranch. Evacuation warnings were
issued, but the fire was contained before
evacuations became necessary.
 September 6, 2016 – Saddle Fire. On
September 5, a fire was started off Pentz Road
and Lime Saddle Road south of the Town of
Paradise. Sparks from a malfunctioning exhaust
started the blaze. Evacuation orders were issued
for residents on both sides of Pentz Road from
Lago Vista to Messilla Valley Road. Evacuation
shelters were opened, as were animal shelters.

The blaze consumed 850 acres before being
contained, causing three injuries and destroying
three structures.

Figure 6: Map of Historical Fires
Note: Darkness of red indicates overlap of multiple fires. Note that the severity of the fire is not shown here, only its perimeter.

Source: California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Fire and Resource Assessment Program (FRAP), Map of Fire Perimeters, 2022.
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 July 2, 2017 – De Sabla Incident. A small fire
occurring in the vicinity of De Sabla Powerhouse
Rd and Humbug Rd. The fire burned 14 acres.
 October 10, 2017 – Honey Fire. Active for 91
days, 150 acres burned.
 December 12, 2017 – Fire vicinity of Clark and
Bille.
 September 24, 2018 – Nimshew Incident. A small
fire occurred in the vicinity of Nimshew Road and
Centerville Road. The fire burned 33 acres and
was active for 102 days.
 November 8, 2018 – Camp Fire. Active for 229
days, 153,336 acres burned, 18,793 structures, 85
fatalities.

According to data from Urban Footprint, the Camp
Fire had the most destruction, relatively speaking, on
residential buildings built in 1911-1920 (95 percent of these structures were destroyed) and 1951-1961
(92 percent of structure destroyed). Newer
construction tended to fare better. In 2008,
Chapter 7A of the California Building Code was
adopted, which requires certain fire resistance
measures in fire hazard severity zones. Of the
residential structures built between 2001-2010,
71 percent of structures were destroyed and
63 percent of residential structures built between
2011 and 2016 were destroyed, compared to an
overall destruction rate of 86 percent for the
residential building stock in general. However,
research has found that the difference in survival
percentage for homes built before and after adoption
of Chapter 7A is not statistically significant. Instead, the following factors were strongest predictors of
home survival: distance to nearest destroyed
structure, number of structures destroyed within 100
meters, and pre-fire overstory tree canopy within 100
meters.4
4 Knapp, Erik et al, 2021. Housing Arrangement and
Vegetation Factors Associated with Single-Family Home
Survival in the 2018 Camp Fire, California. Available at Regulatory Setting/Responsible Agencies
Town of Paradise Fire Department / CAL FIRE )
The Town of Paradise and CAL FIRE provide fire
protection services through a cooperative
agreement. By contracting with CAL FIRE, the Town
is able to staff two fire stations with three-person
engine companies, and one station with a twoperson engine company. In addition to the Town’s resources, CAL FIRE maintains their own stations in
Paradise and the neighboring community of Magalia.

These resources are available to assist with the
Town’s fire protection efforts as necessary. The
Town of Paradise employs two fire prevention
inspectors, fire marshal, and administrative assistant
for the fire department. The Town also utilizes
citizen volunteer firefighters.

Paradise’s fire chief (or his/her designee) is
responsible for enforcing Chapter 8.58 Defensible
Space and Hazardous Fuel Management of the
Paradise Municipal Code. This includes inspecting
properties, requesting records, and filing notices and
public nuisance abatements in order to rectify
violations.

The Direct Protection Area (DPA) map in Figure 7
identifies who responds when a fire breaks out. CAL
FIRE is responsible for emergency response, fire
suppression, and fire prevention in the State
Responsibility Area (SRA). The Town of Paradise is
bordered entirely by SRA, as shown in Figure 7. Maps
maintained by the State illustrate Federal
Responsibility Areas (FRA) in addition to SRAs. The
SRA viewer illustrates who pays for firefighting on a
given acre. For example, the State would respond to
fires on the Bureau of Land Management (part of the
U.S. Department of Interior) lands outside Paradise,
but the Federal government pays for the costs of fire
suppression
https://fireecology.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s42 408-021-00117-0, October 4.
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Figure 7: CAL FIRE Direct Protection Areas
Source: California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Fire and Resource Assessment Program (FRAP), Map of State Responsibility Areas, 2022
Town of Paradise Building Department
The Town of Paradise Building Department is
responsible for ensuring that building code and local
requirements for fire resilient structures are included in new and remodeled buildings. The Town of
Paradise has adopted changes to the California
Building Standards Code based on the town’s
climatic, geologic, and topographical conditions. The
Town’s local amendments include requirements for
automatic fire sprinkler systems, ignition-resistant
roofing materials, ignition-resistant outbuildings,
and non-combustible gutters.

In 2022, the Town adopted requirements for new
construction that are consistent with the Wildfire
Prepared Home program for single-family homes
developed by the Insurance Institute for Business and
Home Safety (IBHS). These requirements address:
 Home Ignition Zone – The first 5 feet around the
home is noncombustible.
 Accessory structures and outbuildings, including
a minimum 10-foot separation.
 Enclosing decks or porches 4 feet or less above
the ground.
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 Non-combustible fencing within 5 feet of the
home and eliminating back-to-back fencing.

The updated LTCRP calls for adoption of the Wildfire
Prepared Home Multifamily and Wildfire Prepared
Community standards when they are completed.

Retrofitting and maintenance of existing homes for
fire safety are encouraged or required by a number of
programs, including:
 Town of Paradise Defensible Space
Requirements
 Wildfire preparedness programs of Paradise
Ridge Fire Safe Council and Butte County Fire
Safe Council
Butte County Safe Fire Council
The Butte County Fire Safe Council (BCFSC) formed
in 1998 and is Butte County’s largest ally in educating and assisting the public with wildfire preparedness.

The BCFSC is a non-profit community organization
funded by grants and community donations. The
organization operates in cooperation with local,
State, and federal fire agencies throughout Butte
County.

The BCFSC is the “parent” organization to several
active local fire safe councils, including the Paradise Ridge Fire Safe Council, and nationally recognized
FIREWISE Communities throughout the County. The
BCFSC Board of Directors is comprised of
representatives from the local councils and
representatives of many public and private
stakeholders throughout Butte County. The
organization staff help implement projects, connect
with community members, and leverage
partnerships.

Peak Load Water Supplies
In order to have effective fire suppression capability, it is necessary to have an adequate and reliable
supply of water. The Paradise Irrigation District (PID) provides water to most areas of the Town of
Paradise. The PID obtains its surface water from the
Little Butte Creek watershed and a single
groundwater well. A few small areas near the edges
of the Town limits are served by Del Oro Water
Company.

The PID’s distribution system suffered severe
damage from the 2018 Camp Fire and related cleanup activities. The 2020 Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) for the PID states that the PID will
continue to rely on their existing water rights post
Camp Fire as the quality and availability of these
surface water supplies has remained unaltered. The
UWMP states that as regrowth of the Town
continues, PID is actively working toward the
reconstruction and recovery of critical infrastructure
as well as ways to increase the reliability and quantity of available supply for the future. PID continues to
work on the rehabilitation of the water distribution
system. Two major projects were completed in 2023,
including the two new 1.5 million gallon tanks that
replaced Reservoir B and a new waterline from the
treatment plant to Reservoir A. The largest
components of the recovery work include replacing
the main pipelines, water meters, and service laterals
which will take several years to complete.

The UWMP found that the supply and drought risk
assessment do not anticipate a water deficit for a
single-year or for a five-year consecutive drought in
the near term or long term.

GEOLOGIC AND SEISMIC HAZARDS
Seismic and geologic hazards are caused when
different part of the Earth’s crust move. Seismic
hazards refer to earthquakes whereas geologic
hazards are related to unstable soils, minerals in the
soil, or certain ground formations. Landslides and soil erosion are examples of geologic hazards.

Existing Conditions
The State of California has identified five areas of
critical seismic concern including surface ruptures,
ground shaking, ground failure, tsunamis, and
seiches. Each of these is caused by earthquake
activity thereby creating hazards for life and
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property, which has the potential anywhere in
California. Paradise is not at risk for tsunamis or
seiches due to its inland location and the absence of
nearby large bodies of water. Earthquakes can also
cause liquefaction. Liquefaction is a process whereby
soil is temporarily transformed to a fluid formed
during intense and prolonged ground shaking.

The amount of energy released during an earthquake
is usually expressed as a magnitude and is measured
directly from the earthquake as recorded on
seismographs. Seismologists have developed several
magnitude scales, as discussed in Section 4.2.9 of the
LHMP. The Richter Scale is used to quantify the
magnitude or strength of the seismic energy released
by an earthquake, expressed in whole numbers and
decimals (e.g., 6.8). Another measure of earthquake
severity is intensity. The Modified Mercalli Intensity
(MMI) Scale is an expression of the amount of
shaking at any given location on the ground surface,
rated from I to XII. Seismic shaking is typically the
greatest cause of losses to structures during
earthquakes.

There are a number of faults within Butte County and
a large number of relatively nearby faults that could
be considered potentially active, based either on the
fairly restrictive criteria developed by the California Geological Survey. These faults are detailed in the
Butte County LHMP beginning on page 4-82 and
shown in Figure 8 to include the following near the
Town of Paradise:
 Magalia Fault. The Magalia Fault is located near
the northern end of the Foothill Fault System, a
system of northwest trending east dipping
normal fault formed along the margin of the
Great Valley and the Sierra Nevada provinces.

The DSD, based on Fault Activity Guidelines in
2001 reclassified the Magalia Fault as
conditionally active. The Paradise Irrigation
District commissioned a study by Holdrege &
Kull, dated January 2007 to evaluate the Magalia
Fault.
 Foothills Shear Zone. The Foothills shear zone
extends into southern Butte County. A possible
magnitude 7.0 earthquake in this zone would
result in intensities as high as IX in Butte County.

Since earthquakes are regional events, the whole of
the town is at risk to earthquake. However, Paradise
and the surrounding area are relatively free from
significant seismic and geologic hazards. There are
no known or inferred active faults within the town.

The only known active fault in Butte County is the
Cleveland Hills fault, the site of the August 1975
Oroville earthquake. This earthquake had a Richter
magnitude of 5.7. Due to the proximity of the Town
to the nearby Cleveland Hills Fault, the Town can
expect low to medium intensity shocks from time to
time.

In 2016, the USGS and the California Geological
Survey (CGS) released an update of the time‐
dependent version of the Uniform California
Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF III) model. The
UCERF III results have helped to reduce the
uncertainty in estimated 30‐year probabilities of
strong ground motions in California. The UCERF III
map is shown in Figure 4-40 of the Butte County
LHMP and indicates that Butte County has a low to
moderate risk of earthquake occurrence, which
coincides with the likelihood of future occurrence
rating of occasional. This is consistent with Figure 9
below, which shows the expected relative intensity of
ground shaking and damage in Paradise and its
surroundings from anticipated future earthquakes.

Shaking potential is calculated as the level of ground
motion that has a 2 percent chance of being
exceeded in 50 years.

Similar to earthquakes, the town is at risk of
occasional landslides. The areas surrounding the
town are where the topography most dramatically
changes and are at greater risk to landslide.

Figure E-9 and Table E-26 of the Butte County LHMP
Paradise Annex show the geographical extent of land
in landslide potential areas. The majority of the town
is in the low to moderate susceptibility category.
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Figure 8: Map of Faults
Source: California Department of Conservation, Fault Activity Map of California, 2010.

Historical Data
Historical data on earthquakes Magnitude 5.0 or
greater within 90 miles of Butte County is contained
in the Butte County LHMP base plan. The largest of
these was the August 1, 1975 Oroville Earthquake at

5.7 Richter magnitude. Structural damage, consisting
mainly of cracks in chimneys and walls, broken
windows and plaster, and loosened light fixtures
occurred at several schools, hospitals, and houses in
the Oroville-Thermalito area. Many chimneys
toppled or had to be taken down in Oroville and
Palermo. Property damage was estimated at $2.5
million.

Paradise does not have any significant past
occurrences of landslides or mudslides.

Regulatory Setting/Responsible Agencies
Uniform Building Code
The Uniform Building Code (UBC) identifies four
seismic zones in the United States. The zones are
numbered one through four, with Zone 4
representing the highest level of seismic hazard. The
UBC establishes more stringent construction
standards for areas within Zones 3 and 4. All of
California lies within either Zone 3 or Zone 4. The
town of Paradise is within Zone 3.
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Figure 9: Map of Earthquake Shaking Potential
Source: California Department of Conservation, 2016.

Town of Paradise Building Department
The Building Department is responsible for ensuring
the UBC is followed for new and renovated
structures.

California Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD)
Also of concern during an earthquake event are the
various dams located near the town of Paradise. The
DSOD regulates dams to prevent failure, safeguard
life, and protect property. The DSOD inspects each
dam on an annual basis.

FLOODING
Floods are usually caused by large amounts of
precipitation, either from a period of very intense
precipitation or a long period of steady precipitation.

In addition to storms, floods can also be caused by
very rapid snow melting or from infrastructure
failure, such as dam collapses or burst water storage
tanks.

Existing Conditions
Paradise’s location on a ridge makes it less
susceptible to flooding and thus it does not have any
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designated flood hazard areas as depicted on the
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM). The
entire Town of Paradise is located outside both the 1
percent and 0.2 percent annual chance flood zone as
defined by FEMA. (See Figure E-7 in the Butte
County LHMP Paradise Annex.) Any flooding that
occurs is localized in nature, resulting from a
temporary lack of capacity or blockage of a drainage
basin.

According to the Butte County LHMP Paradise
Annex, dam failure is unlikely in the town and limited
in severity. See Table 4-72 of the Butte County LHMP
for dam counts and inundation classifications. The
Paradise Dam north of the town is considered an
Extremely High Hazard dam for inundation, but the
inundation area is completely outside of the town
limits (see Figure 4-95 of the Butte County LHMP).

Paradise Irrigation District's 2012 Water System
Emergency Response plan includes an Emergency
Action Plan for dam failure.

Although not mapped as a flood event by FEMA,
there have been smaller, more frequent storm
events, that have led to flooding of streets, homes,
and buildings. During the Camp Fire, numerous
culverts within Paradise were destroyed as a result of
the wildfire. An On-System Culvert Replacement is
one of the Infrastructure Recovery Projects identified
by the Town. This project is in process. The Town
Council adopted a Resolution on 1/11/2022 to award
the contract to Escheman Construction.

Replacement of damaged plastic culverts with
reinforced concrete pipe culverts will decrease future
possible damage to storm water infrastructure,
improving safety along evacuation routes and
effectively managing storm water runoff. A Storm
Drain Master Plan was approved in June 2022 and
will be used to prioritize replacements and
improvements in coordination with transportation
improvements to reduce the potential for localized
flooding.

Historical Data
As discussed in the LHMP Paradise Annex, the only
past occurrences of flood were related to storm
water and had minor affects and damages to the
Town. The LHMP lists the following occurrences of
localized storm water flooding in the Town:
 October 20, 2017 – Heavy rain and localized
flooding.
 December 15, 2016 –Heavy rain and localized
flooding.
 November 19, 2015 –Localized flooding.

In addition, the Town suffered flood damage in
January 1997. Most of the east/west roads that have
dips such as Elliott, Bille, and Wagstaff were flooded
as well as some homes and the Eden Roc Trailer
Condominium Park. Subsequent to the 1997
flooding, the Town obtained a FEMA mitigation
grant and did major improvements to the storm
drain system to address these issues.

See Tables E-24 and E-25 of the LHMP Paradise
Annex for State and Federal Disaster Declarations
from Flood in Butte County from 1950-2018 and a list
of roads with localized flooding problems.

Dam Inundation
The Town of Paradise is outside the potential
inundation areas for both the Paradise Dam and the
Magalia Dam, as shown on the maps approved by
the California Department of Water Resources,
Division of Safety of Dams.

Regulatory Setting/Responsible Agencies
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
Using the results of flood insurance studies, FEMA
prepares Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) that
depict flood risk. FEMA is responsible for maintaining
the FIRMs as communities grow and as new or better
scientific and technical data concerning flood risks
becomes available.
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California Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD)
The DSOD regulates dams to prevent failure,
safeguard life, and protect property. The DSOD
inspects each dam on an annual basis.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Hazardous materials include toxic chemicals,
flammable or corrosive materials, petroleum
products, and unstable or dangerously reaction
materials. Risks related to hazardous materials can
arise when these materials are released through
human error or broken equipment or indirectly via
another emergency (e.g., a fire damages a hazardous
material storage tank). Spilling or releasing large
quantities of hazardous materials could result in a
fire, explosion, or toxic cloud, as well as the
contamination of water, people, or property. Health
problems could be immediate, such as corrosive
effects on skin and lungs, or gradual, such as the
development of cancer from a carcinogen.

Existing Conditions
The LHMP assessed the potential for transportationrelated hazardous materials releases from transportation corridors in the County. In the Town
of Paradise, this included a 1-mile buffer on each side of Highway 191. The LHMP indicated four Essential
Services Facilities (Fire, two Public Assembly Points,
Emergency Animal Shelter) and one At Risk
Population Facility (school) within this buffer area.

The LHMP concludes that impacts from hazardous
materials transportation incidents vary by location
and severity, depending on the type of event and can
be expected to continue to occur in the future.

Historical Data
One incident recorded by Butte County
Environmental Health occurred on Clark Road,
5 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),
2014. “Annex II: Glossary,” eds. K.J. Mach, S. Planton, and C. von Stechow, in Climate Change 2014: Synthesis
Report, eds. Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri, and L.A. between McKale Road and Easy Street. The incident
recorded on March 12, 1998, involved a
transportation spill of 30-40 gallons of diesel. The
incident was properly cleaned up under the oversight
of Butte County Environmental Health and Regional
Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB).

Regulatory Setting/Responsible Agencies
The Butte County Public Health Department is the
Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA) managing
hazardous wastes in Butte County. The CUPA is
certified by CalEPA to implement and enforce
several State laws regarding hazardous waste. The
CUPA program was created by SB 1082 (1993),
eliminating the requirement for each County to have
a Hazardous Waste Management Plan.

In accordance with the requirements of State law,
the Town of Paradise adopted a Household
Hazardous Waste Element (HHWE) in 1992, which is
hereby incorporated by reference into this Safety
Element.

CLIMATE RESILIENCY/SEVERE WEATHER
In accordance with the requirements of SB 379
(2015), codified at Government Code section
65302(g)(4), climate change adaptation and
resilience must be addressed in the safety element of
all general plans in California. This section provides
advice to support a jurisdiction’s compliance with the
requirements of Government Code section
65302(g)(4), including use of the California
Adaptation Planning Guide (Cal-Adapt).

Climate change refers to a change in the climate that
can be identified by changes in the mean and/or
variability of its properties and that persists for an
extended period, typically decades or longer.5
Climate change is already impacting the Town of
Paradise and Butte County, contributing to the
Meyer (Geneva, Switzerland), pp. 117–130. Available at:
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/, accessed October 24, 2021.
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intensity of wildfires, and is anticipated to cause
more instances of severe weather in the future. This
section will address the general impacts of climate
change/severe weather and then provide additional
discussion on each of the severe weather categories.

This section draws substantially from the Butte
County Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
and the Butte County LHMP.

The LHMP includes the summary of Cal-Adapt
Climate Projections for the North Central Valley
Region in Table 2.

TABLE 2: BUTTE COUNTY – CAL-ADAPT CLIMATE

PROJECTIONS
Temperature
Change
1990-2100
January increase in average temperature of 4oF
to 6oF and between 8oF and 12oF by 2100. July
increase in average temperature of 6oF to 7oF in
2050 and 12oF to 15oF by 2100. (Modeled average
temperatures; high emissions scenario)
Precipitation
Annual precipitation is projected to decline by
approximately 1 to 2 inches by 2050 and 3 to 6
inches by 2100. (Community Climate System
Model Version 3 (CCSM3) climate model; high
carbon emissions scenario)
Heave Wave
Heat wave is defined as five days over 102oF to
105oF except in the mountainous areas to the
east. Two to 3 more heat waves per year are
expected by 2050 with 5 to 8 more by 2100.

Wildfire
By 2085, the north and eastern portions of the
region will experience an increase in wildfire risk,
more than four times current levels in some
areas. (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
(GFDL) climate model; high carbon emissions
scenario).

Source: Cal-Adapt.

The Butte County Climate Change Vulnerability
Assessment, July 2021 (BCCCVA) provides a
qualitative analysis of how climate change may
impact Butte County in the 21st Century and is hereby
incorporated by reference. The BCCCVA is also found
in Appendix A. The BCCCVA utilizes the process
outlined in the Cal-Adapt model to complete Phases
1 and 2 of the Cal-Adapt recommended process to
provide a vulnerability assessment, as illustrated in
Figure 10. Each jurisdiction is then able to draw on
this information to complete Phases 3 and 4 to define
an adaptation framework and strategies and specify
how these will be implemented and monitored.

Figure 10: Climate Change Vulnerability
Assessment
Key Findings of BCCCVA
Out of the 71 populations and assets Butte County
analyzed, 50 are highly vulnerable to at least one
hazard condition. Wildfire is responsible for the
highest vulnerability scores, followed by severe
storms, severe wind, and extreme heat. The
following list provides the key findings and critical
vulnerabilities identified in the Climate Change
Vulnerability Assessment:
 Populations and assets in the eastern portion of
the county are most vulnerable to wildfires and
populations in the western portion of the county
are most vulnerable to severe storms.
 Outdoor workers and low-resourced ethnic
minorities are the most vulnerable populations,
and highly vulnerable to all climate change
hazards.
 Electrical transmission infrastructure and energy
delivery services are highly vulnerable to damage
or Public Safety Power Shutoff (PSPS) events
from extreme heat, severe wind, severe storms,
and wildfire. Energy delivery services are a key
supporting factor for everyday activities,
economic drivers, and key services.
 Water and wastewater serving both the county
and other areas of California can be disrupted
Source: LHMP Base, p. 4-49.
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from drought, severe wind, severe storms, and
wildfire.
 Major roads, highways, and single-access roads
can become impassable due to severe wind,
severe storms, and wildfire, isolating populations
in remote areas of the county and disrupting
services to those areas.
 Recreation infrastructure and recreation on
regional, State, and federal land can be disrupted
by all climate change hazards.
 Agriculture is the most vulnerable economic
driver in Butte County.
 Conifer forests and open water ecosystems are
the most vulnerable ecosystems.

Key Recommendations of the BCCCVA
The resilience of these populations and assets can
increase through the implementation of adaptation
measures. Adaptation is the adjustment to natural
and human systems, in response to actual or
expected changes in climate conditions to reduce the
harmful effects of actual or expected changes.
6 Potential adaptation measures that could reduce
vulnerability in Butte County, and some of which are
planned items in the LHMP, include:
 Promoting the creation of community support
networks to check on persons without access to
lifelines, seniors living alone, and persons with
disabilities during dangerous conditions.
 Collaborating with PG&E and other utility
providers to underground electricity transmission
lines.
 Increasing funding through grants or private
organizations for fuel reduction and vegetation
management projects for both neighborhoods
and infrastructure.
 Continuing to provide residential assistance
programs to help homeowners create and
6 Cal OES, 2020. California Adaptation Planning Guide.

Available at https://www.caloes.ca.gov/HazardMitigation maintain defensible space and fuels
management on their properties.
 Conducting structural retrofits for at-risk bridges
and ensuring that these retrofits include
protections against flooding and landslides.
 Expanding the chipper program throughout the
county to help private homeowners dispose of
trees near structures, supplementing existing
cost-sharing programs.
 Working with farming organizations and the
University of California Cooperative Extension to
promote the availability of crop varieties that are
more resilient to climate change while meeting
market demand for yield and quality, as options
become available.
 Continuing to work with State and federal land
management agencies to support fuel and pest
management activities.
 In coordination with local, State, and federal
plant and wildlife management agencies and
organizations, monitoring shifts in habitats, and
preserving habitats where habitat migration may
be needed.
 Working with local, State, and federal plant and
wildlife management agencies and organizations
to protect vulnerable habitat and improve
ecosystem connectivity.
 Coordinating with utility providers to conduct
regular evaluations and retrofits of energy
transmission and delivery infrastructure.
 Incentivizing water conservation measures by
establishing indoor plumbing retrofit and turf
replacement programs.
 Support the implementation of Groundwater
Sustainability Plans that take into consideration
of the increased severity of droughts and climate
change.
 Identifying equitably located resilience hubs in
each community in the County to provide
Site/Documents/CA-Adaptation-Planning-Guide-FINALJune-2020-Accessible.pdf, June. 117
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emergency assistance and information, cooling
spaces on extreme heat days, and refuge for
those who are unable to evacuate during
hazardous conditions.

Extreme Heat
According to the Cal-Adapt tool, an extreme heat
day is a day when the maximum/minimum
temperature exceeds the 98th percentile of observed
historical data from 1961–1990 between April and
October. A heat wave is four or more consecutive
days of extreme heat. By this calculation, eight
consecutive extreme heat days would count as two
heat waves.

Heat kills by taxing the human body beyond its
abilities. In extreme heat and high humidity,
evaporation is slowed and the body must work extra
hard to maintain a normal temperature. Most heat
disorders occur because the victim has been
overexposed to heat or has over-exercised for his or
her age and physical condition. Older adults, young
children, and those who are sick or overweight are
more likely to succumb to extreme heat. Conditions
that can induce heat-related illnesses include
stagnant atmospheric conditions and poor air
quality. Consequently, people living in urban areas
may be at greater risk from the effects of a
prolonged heat wave than those living in rural areas.

Also, asphalt and concrete store heat longer and
gradually release heat at night, which can produce
higher nighttime temperatures known as the urban
heat island effect.

Existing Conditions
Heat is a regional phenomenon and affects the whole
of the Town. Heat emergencies are often slower to
develop, taking several days of continuous,
oppressive heat before a significant or quantifiable
impact is seen. Heat waves do not strike victims
immediately, but rather their cumulative effects
slowly take the lives of vulnerable populations. Heat
waves do not generally cause damage or elicit the
immediate response of floods, fires, earthquakes, or
other more “typical” disaster scenarios.

The National Weather Service (e) has in place a
system to initiate alert procedures (advisories or
warnings) when extreme heat is expected to have a
significant impact on public safety. The expected
severity of the heat determines whether advisories or
warnings are issued. The NWS Heat Risk forecast
provides a quick view of heat risk potential over the
upcoming seven days. The heat risk is portrayed in a
numeric (0-4) and color
(green/yellow/orange/red/magenta) scale which is
similar in approach to the Air Quality Index (AQI) or
the ultraviolet (UV) Index. This can be seen in Section

4.2.2 of the Base Plan.

Health impacts are the primary concern with this
hazard, though economic impacts are also an issue.

Heat can exacerbate drought and can increase
wildfire risk.

The elderly and individuals below the poverty level
are the most vulnerable to extreme temperatures.

Nursing homes and elder care facilities are especially
vulnerable to extreme heat events if power outages
occur and air conditioning is not available. In
addition, individuals below the poverty level may be
at increased risk to extreme heat if use of air
conditioning is not affordable. This is especially true of homeless people and the transient population.

Reliance on air conditioning causes a strain on the
electrical energy in the Town. Occasionally peak
demands outweigh supply and a condition known as
brown-out occurs. This is an extremely dangerous
situation for electrical equipment as it operates
without the needed electricity causing damage to
the systems. Periods of extended heat and dryness
(droughts) can have major economic, agricultural,
and water resources impacts. Extreme heat can also
dry out vegetation, making it more receptive to
wildfire ignitions.

Vulnerability to extreme heat will increase as the
average age of the population in each city shifts. The
residents of nursing homes and elder care facilities
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are especially vulnerable to extreme temperature
events. It is encouraged that such facilities have
emergency plans or backup power to address power
failure during times of extreme heat and in the event
of a Public Safety Power Shutoff. Low-income
residents and homeless populations are also
vulnerable. Cooling centers for these populations
should be utilized when necessary. However, many
of the residents of the Town are accustomed to living
with extreme heat and take precautions to guard
against the threat of extreme heat. In addition, the
shading provided by the numerous trees around
town will be significantly different with the loss of an estimated 350,000 trees.

The Cal-Adapt tool looks at the 30-year average
annual frequency of extreme heat days and uses four
different Global Climate Models (all models were by
California’s Climate Action Team for performance in
California) to project the number of heat waves
lasting more than three days. Figure 11 shows the
average across all four models. Paradise and the
majority of Butte County are estimated to experience
a high degree of heat waves in the future, an
estimated annual average of 14 to 18 heat waves in
2070-2099, compared to an average of 1 per year in
1961-1990 and 5 per year in 2035-2064.

Historical Data
The LHMP Base Plan in Section 4.2.2 includes a list of
past heat events, noting fourteen extreme heat
events between 1993 and October 31, 2018.

Regulatory Setting/Responsible Agencies
Several general disaster preparedness efforts by the
Town will also improve the ability of the Town to
respond to extreme heat events, including enhanced
public education (LHMP Action 2), improved Early
Warning System (LHMP Action 3), and Public Works
signs (LHMP Action 4).

Extreme Freeze and Winter Storms
According to the National Weather Service (NWS)
and the Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC),
extreme cold often accompanies a winter storm or is
left in its wake. Prolonged exposure to cold can cause
frostbite or hypothermia and can be life-threatening.

Winter snowstorms can include heavy snow, ice, and
blizzard conditions.

Existing Conditions
Freeze and winter storms are regional issues,
meaning the entire town is at risk. While there is no
scale (e.g., Richter, Enhanced Fujita) to measure the
effects of freeze, temperature data from the WRCC
indicates that there are 21.8 days that fall below 32o
F
in eastern Butte County, with no days falling below
0o
F. Freeze has a slow onset and can generally be
predicted in advance. Freeze events can last for
hours (i.e., in a cold overnight) or for days to weeks at a time. Snowfall is measured in snow depths. It is
rare for snow to fall in the town, and even rarer that
snow accumulates in the town. Snowfall has an onset
similar to freeze in the Town.

Historical Data
Between 1950 and 2019, Butte County had two State
disaster declarations for freeze or winter storms.

Severe weather data from the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) National
Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), shows
139 freeze and winter storm events in Butte County
between 1993 and 10/31/2018. The Town Planning
Team for the LHMP noted that since freeze and
winter storm is a regional phenomenon, events that
affected the lower elevations of the County also
affected the Town. Those past occurrences were
shown in the Base Plan in Section 4.2.3.

A significant winter storm event occurred in February
1990 that did major damage to buildings including
the collapse of the bowling alley, Long’s Drugs, the
Cannery grocery store, a tire shop, and also many
homes damaged by snow and downed trees. The
snowstorm immobilized the Town for ten days with
power outages lasting over two weeks. After the
1990 storm, the Town changed the building snow
load requirements above 1,800 feet elevation.
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Figure 11:Projected Heat Waves – California and Historical Heat Health Events Source: Cal-Adapt, 2022
In addition, the following freeze and winter storms
since 2014 were noted in the LHMP:
 February 22, 2018 – Snowstorm/Winter Storm
(road closures).
 February 23, 2017 – Freezing Temperatures.

The Town experiences temperatures below
32o
F during the winter months. The temperature
moves to the teens in rather extreme situations.

Freeze normally does not impact structures but is a
life safety issue. Secondary impacts of extreme cold
can affect the supporting mechanisms or systems of
a community’s infrastructure. For example, when
extreme cold is coupled with high winds or ice
storms, power lines may be downed, resulting in an
interruption in the transmission of that power
shutting down electric furnaces, which may lead to
frozen pipes in homes and businesses.

Occasionally, winter storms with snow and ice can
affect the Town. Transportation networks,
communications, and utilities infrastructure are the
most vulnerable physical assets in the Town. The
ability for the Town to continue to operate during
periods of winter storm and freeze is paramount.
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The elderly population in the planning area is most
vulnerable to temperature extremes. The residents
of nursing homes and elder care facilities are
especially vulnerable to extreme temperature events.

It is encouraged that such facilities have emergency
plans or backup power to address power failure
during times of extreme cold. Transient and
homeless populations are also at risk to freeze.

Regulatory Setting/Responsible Agencies
Several general disaster preparedness efforts by the
Town will also improve the ability of the Town to
respond to extreme freeze and winter storm events,
including enhanced public education (LHMP Action
2), improved Early Warning System (LHMP Action 3),
Public Works signs (LHMP Action 4).

The Town’s Building Department is responsible for
enforcing building code requirements related to
building snow loads and insulating pipes from
freezing temperatures in new construction. Future
development built to code should be able to
withstand snow loads from severe winter storms.

Pipes at risk of freezing should be mitigated be either burying or insulating them from freeze as new
facilities are improved or added. Vulnerability to
extreme cold will increase as the average age of the
population in the County shifts. Greater numbers of
future senior citizens will result from the large
number of baby boomers in the planning area. The
elderly are more at risk to the effects of freeze.

However, many of the residents of the town are
accustomed to living with freeze and take
precautions to guard against the threat of freeze.

Extreme Rain and Storms
Storms in the Town of Paradise occur annually and
are generally characterized by heavy rain often
accompanied by strong winds and sometimes
lightning and hail. Approximately 10 percent of the
thunderstorms that occur each year in the United
States are classified as severe. A thunderstorm is
classified as severe when it contains one or more of
the following phenomena: hail that is three-quarters
of an inch or greater, winds in excess of 50 knots
(57.5 mph), or a tornado.

High winds can cause significant property and crop
damage, threaten public safety, and have adverse
economic impacts from business closures and power
loss. High winds, as defined by the NWS glossary, are
sustained wind speeds of 40 mph or greater lasting
for 1 hour or longer, or winds of 58 mph or greater for any duration. These winds may occur as part of a
seasonal climate pattern or in relation to other
severe weather events such as thunderstorms.

Existing Conditions
Heavy precipitation in the Town falls mainly in the
fall, winter, and spring months. Location and Extent
Heavy rain events occur on a regional basis. Rains
and storms can occur in any location of the Town. All
portions of the Town are at risk to heavy rains. Most
of the severe rains occur during the winter months.

There is no scale by which heavy rains and severe
storms are measured. Magnitude of storms is
measured often in rainfall and damages. The speed
of onset of heavy rains can be short, but accurate
weather prediction mechanisms often let the public
know of upcoming events. Duration of severe storms
in California, Butte County, and the Town is often
short, ranging from minutes to hours. In some cases,
rains can continue for days at a time.

The entire Town is subject to significant, nontornadic (straight-line), winds. Each area of the Town is at risk to high winds. Magnitude of winds is
measured often in speed and damages. These events
are often part of a heavy rain and storm event, but
can occur outside of storms. The speed of onset of
winds can be short, but accurate weather prediction
mechanisms often let the public know of upcoming
events. Duration of winds in California is often short, ranging from minutes to hours. The Beaufort scale is
an empirical measure that relates wind speed to
observed conditions at sea or on land. Its full name is the Beaufort wind force scale. It can be seen in
Section 4.2.5 of the Base Plan.
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Historical Data
Information on precipitation extremes can be found
in Section 4.2.4 of the Base LHMP. According to
historical hazard data, severe weather is an annual
occurrence in the Town of Paradise.

Damage and disaster declarations related to heavy
rains and storms have occurred and will continue to
occur in the future. Heavy rain and severe storms are
the most frequent type of severe weather
occurrences in the Town. Wind and lightning often
accompany these storms and have caused damage in
the past. Hail is rare in the Town. Actual damage
associated with the primary effects of severe
weather have been limited. It is the secondary
hazards caused by weather, such as fire, that have
had the greatest impact on the Town. Impacts to
property, critical facilities (such as utilities), and life safety can be expected. The risk and vulnerability
associated with these secondary hazards are
discussed in the flood and localized flood sections of
the LHMP Paradise Annex.

According to historical hazard data, high winds are
an annual occurrence in the Town of Paradise. These
high wind events are typically expected 7 to 8 times
per year.

Regulatory Setting/Responsible Agencies
The Town Building Department is responsible for
enforcing building code requirements developed to
minimize damage from high winds in new
development.

Several general disaster preparedness efforts by the
Town will also improve the ability of the Town to
respond to extreme rain and storm events, including
enhanced public education (LHMP Action 2),
improved Early Warning System (LHMP Action 3),
Public Works signs (LHMP Action 4).

New critical facilities such as communications towers
and others should be built to withstand hail damage,
lightning, and thunderstorm winds. While deaths
have occurred in the planning area in the past due to
2019 lightning, it is difficult to quantify future deaths and injuries due to lightning. Future losses to new
development should be minimal.

Power Shutoffs
Public Safety Power Shutoffs (PSPS) are used to
reduce the risk of power equipment inducing
wildfires, as was found to be the cause of the Camp
Fire. According to PG&E, factors considered include
low humidity levels, high winds, and fuel conditions.

Another potential cause of power shutoffs is a
rotating outage (rolling blackout) caused by
demands on the power grid. During heat waves, the
California Independent System Operator (CAISO),
the organization that runs the state’s electric grid,
can call for rotating outages when power demand
threatens to exceed the capacity of the system.

Existing Conditions
PSPS events may be limited to specific areas or
affect broad regions of the state. Power outages
combined with high heat or extreme cold events can
add to the risks to the public, especially for
vulnerable populations such as low-income residents
and the homeless. Power outages can also impact
emergency communications and operations.

Historical Data
In 2019, PSPS events occurred in the County on June
8-9, August 23-25, and again on September 23-24.

Regulatory Setting/Responsible Agencies
The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC)
has adopted guidelines and rules that the power
utilities must follow regarding PSPS events. PG&E
must file reports with the CPUC for each PSPS event.

In 2019, PG&E completed significant upgrades to its
Wildfire Safety Operations Center (WSOC) to assist
in evaluating whether to enact a PSPS. PG&E
provides a Medical Baseline Program to provide extra
notifications during PSPS to Medical Baseline
customers.
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DROUGHT
Drought is different than many of the other natural
hazards in that it is not a distinct event and usually
has a slow onset. Drought can severely impact a
region both physically and economically. Drought
affects different sectors in different ways and with
varying intensities. Adequate water is the most
critical issue and is critical for manufacturing,
tourism, recreation, and commercial and domestic
use. As the population in the area continues to grow,
so will the demand for water.

Existing Conditions
As discussed in the LHMP Base Plan, drought and
water shortage are regional phenomenon. The whole
of the County, as well as the whole of the Town, is at
risk. Drought has a slow speed of onset and a
variable duration. Drought can last for a short period
of time, which does not usually affect water
shortages. Should a drought last for a long period of
time, water shortage becomes a larger issue.

Historical Data
Since drought is a regional phenomenon, past
occurrences of drought for Paradise are the same as
those for the County. Those past occurrences can be
found in Section 4.2.8 of the LHMP Base Plan.

Based on historical information, the occurrence of
drought in California, including the Town of Paradise,
is cyclical, driven by weather patterns. Drought has
occurred in the past and will occur in the future.

Periods of actual drought with adverse impacts can
vary in duration, and the period between droughts is
often extended. Although an area may be under an
extended dry period, determining when it becomes a
drought is based on impacts to individual water
users.

The vulnerability of the Town of Paradise to drought
is Town-wide, but impacts may vary and include
reduction in water supply and an increase in dry
fuels. The increased dry fuels result in an increased
fire danger. Areas of Paradise are in the foothill
interface and become more susceptible to wildfire as
drought conditions increase. Residents of these areas
are often times dependent upon ground water (water
wells) for their water supply. As these water wells
begin to fail during periods of drought, the ability of the residents to water landscaping decreases, and
fire fuel loads increase.

Other qualitative impacts associated with drought in
the planning area are those related to water
intensive activities such as wildfire protection,
municipal usage, commerce, tourism, and recreation.

Voluntary conservation measures are typically
implemented during extended droughts. Drought
conditions can also cause soil to compact and not
absorb water well, potentially making an area more
susceptible to flooding. With more precipitation
likely falling as rain instead of snow in the Sierra’s, and warmer temperatures causing decreased
snowfall to melt faster and earlier, water supply is
likely to become more unreliable. In addition,
drought and water shortage is predicted to become
more common. This means less water available for
use over the long run, and additional challenges for
water supply reliability, especially during periods of
extended drought. These and other impacts are
thoroughly evaluated in the Paradise Irrigation
District’s 2020 Urban Water Management Plan,
including a 2021 Water Shortage Contingency Plan.

Post Camp Fire, the Paradise Irrigation District is
restoring potable water to standing homes,
permitted homes, businesses, and Town buildings.

While the process will take time, the District is
working diligently to restore water to the
community. The UWMP found that the supply and
drought risk assessment do not anticipate a water
deficit for a single-year or for a five-year consecutive drought in the near term or long term.

In addition, the Town’s LTCRP has a project for the
development of a wastewater system in the Town.

As this Recovery project takes shape, a sewer system
in the commercial areas would incentivize economic
growth and reduce environmental impacts in the
Town.
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DISASTER PREPAREDNESS,RESPONSE, AND

RECOVERY
Police
The Town strives to ensure a town-wide five-minute
response time for police. The Paradise Police
Department currently has 23 employees and 5 units:

Administration, Patrol, Investigations,
Communication/Records, and Animal Control. The
Paradise Police Department is currently contracting
911 emergency and non-emergency dispatch
services with the Butte County Sheriff’s Office.

Patrol operations is the largest of the five units, with 11 authorized sworn patrol officers and 5 sergeants.

Patrols provide 24/7 service every day of the year.

Patrol personnel are the first responders to routine
calls and crimes that are in progress. According to
the Town of Paradise’s police webpage, traffic safety
is one of the most significant police issues in
Paradise. The Police Department reports that there
has been a reduction of injury collisions.

As previously mentioned, the Town of Paradise has
an Emergency Operations Plan in place, in which all
employees of the Paradise Police Department are
subject to immediate recall. The Emergency
Operations Plan also includes response from fire,
medical and health, communication, and
transportation services and facilities, to cope with
problems around rescue, relief, evacuation,
rehabilitation, and reconstruction in the event of a
disaster.

Communications
As mentioned earlier, flaws in the Town’s
communications systems were exposed by the Camp
Fire. There were failures in the emergency alert
system, including the loss of 17 cell towers, and four
at-risk areas in the town were not notified of
evacuation orders due to human and technical errors.

Following the 2018 Camp Fire, the Town of Paradise
has made improved communications a key priority,
consistent with the LTCRP. The Town is utilizing
funds from FEMA’s Hazard Mitigation Grant Program
to develop and implement an early warning system
throughout the town. The system would
immediately notify residents of hazardous events via
sirens, text messages, voice messages, and more. 21
towers will be constructed across the Town as the
basis of an audible system. 20 are operational as of
October 2023.

The Town currently uses direct contact with
residents by Town officials and mass media to notify
residents of evacuation. AM radio, TV, and social
media are all suggested sources for residents to stay
informed and aware when an evacuation is ordered
or warning issued.

The Town is also pursuing the installation of a fiber
optic network that would be accessible to all
residents and businesses in Paradise. A fiber optic
network would improve access to the Internet and
would provide a safer method of internet service
distribution. The feasibility study for this project was completed in 2021. A funding request is part of the
Town’s federal advocacy platform.

Evacuation Planning
The topography and development history of the
Town present problems in delivery of emergency
services, including fire protection and evacuation.

Hilly terrain with narrow, winding roads with little
circulation, limited escape routes, and limited ingress and egress to access the Town limits rapid access and
orderly evacuations. There are many miles of public
streets and private roads, many of which were built
years ago. Private roads may be substandard in
design and access capability due to topography.

The Paradise Municipal Code sets a maximum cul-desac length of 1,800 lineal feet, measured as the distance between the cul-de-sac’s terminus and its
nearest intersection with a through street. For this
Safety Element, areas are identified as having
inadequate access if they are served exclusively by a
cul-de-sac or dead-end road that exceeds this
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standard (i.e., areas that do not have at least two
emergency evacuation routes).

See Figure 12 for existing areas with inadequate
emergency access/evacuation routes. These areas
are predominantly located in the southern portion of
the Town along South Libby Road and Edgewood
Lane. With implementation of the TMP, described
below, the areas with inadequate access/evacuation
routes would be reduced, as shown in Figure 13.

Post-Camp Fire, one of the community’s biggest
concerns has been to improve emergency evacuation
routes and evacuation planning. Consistent with the
LTCRP, the Town of Paradise approved a TMP on
May 10, 2022 that looks at emergency evacuation
planning and local roadway safety with detailed
information in Appendix D, Evacuation Technical
Memorandum. The TMP evaluated the impact of
permanent improvements and potential temporary
modifications on emergency evacuation, focusing on
an “all at once” event similar to the Camp Fire
evacuation but applicable for a range of emergency
scenarios.

The high-level town-wide evacuation analysis
prepared for the TMP was completed for several
different scenarios as shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3: OVERALL EVACUATION SCENARIOS ANALYSIS

SUMMARY
Tested Scenario Impact on Evacuation Time
Full Town of Paradise (Baseline
Scenario) N/A Baseline Scenario
Partial Evacuation of Paradise
(North to South from Clark Road
to Pentz Road)
Total evacuation time
decreases by over 50%
Partial Evacuation of Paradise
(North to South from Skyway to
Clark Road)
Total evacuation time
decreases by over 50%
Full Town of Paradise & Magalia
Total evacuation time
decreases by 15% from Baseline
Scenario
Staggered Full Town of Paradise
& Magalia
Total evacuation time
decreases by approximately
30% from full town of Paradise
& Magalia scenario
Source: Transportation Master Plan, Appendix D, Evacuation Technical Memorandum, April 5, 2022, p. 10.

The TMP effort has included a high-level capacity
analysis to determine major and secondary
evacuation routes, potential areas of congestion
(intersections or roadway segments), and
opportunities for roadway extensions/connections on
dead-end streets for additional routes and increased
evacuation capacity. Figure 14 shows the primary,
secondary, and potential future evacuation routes, as
well as the number of travel lanes.

The TMP effort has developed a Roadway
Improvement Plan, as shown in Figure 15, that
identifies proposed improvements such as:
 Roadway widening, particularly downtown
Skyway between Elliott Road and Pearson Road.
 Roadway widening plus a multiuse path that
could be used by first responders during an
evacuation on segments of Skyway, Neal Road,
Clark Road, and Pentz Road.
 New roadway extensions including Roe Road,
Elliott Road extension and others.
 Intersection improvements at select locations.

One identified project on Figure 15, “Skyway
Capacity Improvements” including removal of the
median and bulb outs on Skyway to facilitate flow
during an evacuation, has been implemented.

Another landscape median on Pearson Road is
planned to be removed in 2024.

The TMP builds on the Camp Fire After-Action
Report (AAR) and Corrective Action Plan (CAP) to
develop the actions and recommendations in the
TMP. The TMP includes recommendations for:
 Traffic control for evacuation.
 Facilitate multiagency collaboration.
 Non-roadway projects, such as signage, a traffic
management center, and traffic signal
interconnect.
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Figure 12:Inadequate Emergency Access: Existing
Source: Town of Paradise, 2022.
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Figure 13:Inadequate Emergency Access: After Transportation Master Plan Improvements Source: Town of Paradise, 2022.
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Figure 14:Evacuation Routes
Source: Town of Paradise, 2022.
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Figure 15:Transportation Master Plan Roadway Improvement Plan Source: Town of Paradise, 2022.
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Proposed evacuation improvements have also been
identified, including signal timing plans and
multiagency coordination to address flow at key
intersections outside the Town.

The TMP also provides a framework for identifying,
evaluating, and prioritizing transportation safety
improvements on local streets, as well as other
roadway-related standards and policies.

Roadway Standards
Existing roadway requirements are contained in
Sections 17.06.090 and Chapter 16.06 of the Paradise
Municipal Code. Per Section 17.06.900, the Town
does not allow any discretionary permit or project
that seeks to increase the existing residential density on parcels that are on a cul-de-sac that exceeds 1,800
lineal feet. Chapter 16.06 requires all access
easements or rights-of-way to be 50 feet in width,
except for those which serve four or fewer lots.

However, subdivision applicants may request widths
of less than 50 feet for privately maintained roads
(see Table 4). They must connect, via private roads if
necessary, with a publicly-maintained street. The
Town’s maximum cul-de-sac length for new streets
is 1,320 lineal feet.

TABLE 4: NEWLY CREATED ACCESS EASEMENT OR

RIGHT-OF-WAY WIDTH REQUIREMENTS
Total Lots Served
by Road or Street Minimum Access Width Required (Feet)
5+
Public Street: 60
(Access width of 50 feet may be acceptable
to Town engineer if underground utilities are
installed)
Private Street: 50*
4 40
3 30
2 25
1 20
* Unless special circumstances warrant a 60-foot access width, as determined by the Town engineer.

Source: Town of Paradise, 2021.

Concurrent with approval of the TMP, the Town
adopted Roadway Design Guidelines that include
Roadway Standard Drawings. This includes a
minimum paved width of 14 feet for driveway access
to single dwelling units and increased widths based
on the roadway classification, as shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5: ROADWAY DESIGN GUIDELINES
Roadway
Type Roadway Description
Minimum
Surface Width
(Feet)
A-1 Access for Single Family 14
A-2a Private Interior Road 16
A-2b Private Interior Road 18
A-3a, b Private Interior Road, 5+ lots 20
B-1 Public Interior Road 24
B-2 Collector Residential 28
B-3 Multi-Family 40
B-4 Commercial 40
B-5 Local Road 32
B-6A, 6B Collector 36
C-1 Arterial 60
C-1A 2-Lane Principal Arterial 40
C-1B Minor Arterial without Sidewalk 40
C-2 Arterial-Divided Highway 28
C-2A Principal Arterial 2-Lane 40
C-2B Principal Arterial (Urban Diet) 46
C-3A Principal Arterial No TWLTL 58
C-3B Principal Arterial 72
C-3C Principal Arterial with Multi-Use
Trail
72 Source: Town of Paradise.

Evacuation Zones
The Town has 14 evacuation zones, shown in
Figure 16. The Town has also identified Paradise
Alliance Church and Paradise Auditorium as
assembly points. The primary evacuation routes are
Skyway, which provides access to Highway 99 and
Chico; Neal Road; Clark Road, which provides access
to Highway 70 and Oroville; and Pentz Road. Officials
will determine which routes to use and to avoid given
the specific circumstances of the emergency.

Residents are encouraged to know several routes out
of their neighborhood and their community.
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Figure 16:Evacuation Zones
Source: Town of Paradise, 2022.

According to the BCFSC, evacuation notices can be
provided directly to residents by law enforcement,
volunteers in police service, or fire or other public
safety personnel, or given indirectly through mass
media (e.g., radio, TV) or social media. There is a
notification service residents can subscribe to for cell phone and email evacuation notifications.
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GOALS, POLICIES, AND

PROGRAMS
This chapter describes safety goals (SG), policies
(SP), and programs for the Town of Paradise. A goal
is defined as a general statement of the highest
aspirations of the community. A policy is a course of
action chosen from among many possible
alternatives. It guides decision-making and provides
a framework around which the housing programs
operate. An implementation program (SI) is a specific
action that implements the policy and moves the
community toward the achievement of its goals.

The goals of this Safety Element are consistent with
and build off of the Butte County LHMP. The Safety
Element goals are:
 SG-1 – Minimize risk and vulnerability of the
community to hazards and reduce damages and
protect lives, properties, and public health in
Paradise.
 SG-2 – Provide protection for critical facilities,
infrastructure, and services from hazard impacts.
 SG-3 – Increase public awareness of the risk and
vulnerability of the community to hazards and
promote personal awareness and responsibility.
 SG-4 – Increase the community’s ability to be
prepared for, respond to, and recover from a
disaster event.
 SG-5 – Reduce fire severity and intensity in
Paradise and surrounding lands.
 SG-6 – Increase community resiliency to climate
change’s influence on disasters.
 SG-7 – Collaborate with the USDA Forest Service
(USFS), Bureau of Land Management (BLM),
California Department of Forestry and Fire
Protection (CAL FIRE), and other fire protection
agencies and stakeholders to mitigate the risk of
wildfire.
 SG-8 – Collaborate with Butte County Fire Safe
Council, Paradise Ridge Fire Safe Council,
Paradise Recreation and Park District, and other
Resources Related to Implementation
The studies and resources available related to
emergency preparedness and especially related to
wildfires is constantly growing. Contained below is a
short list of resources related to program
implementation:
 Building a Wildfire-Resistant Home: Codes and
Costs
 Butte County Camp Fire Response – County-wide
Corrective Action Plan
 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection
Plan (CWPP)
 Butte County Fire Safe Council website
 Butte County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
(LHMP)
 CAL FIRE – Ready for Wildfire website
 California Department of Insurance – Safer from
Wildfires Program
 Community Planning Assistance for Wildfire
 Fire Adapted Communities Learning Network
 Knapp, Eric E et al: Housing arrangement and
vegetation factors associated with single-family
home survival in the 2018 Camp Fire, California
 Next10 Report – Rebuilding for a Resilient
Recovery
 Paradise Forest Management Plan
 Paradise Grazing Plan
 Paradise Nature-Based Fire Resilience Project
Report
 Town of Paradise Emergency Services
Information website
 Town of Paradise Emergency Operations Plan
 Town of Paradise Transportation Master Plan
 ULI Report – Firebreak: Wildfire Resilience
Strategies for Real Estate
 Wildfire Risk to Communities
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community groups and organizations to increase
homeowner awareness of and participation in
voluntary wildfire resiliency and climate change
adaptation interventions.
 SG-9 – Utilize Paradise’s experiences with
wildfire to advocate for State and federal policies
and regulations that assist in creating disaster
resilient communities and facilitate post-disaster
recovery.

For each implementation measure, the party
responsible for implementation, funding source,
timing of implementation, and quantified results
(where appropriate) are identified.

SG-1 MINIMIZE RISK AND VULNERABILITY OF THE

COMMUNITY TO HAZARDS AND REDUCE DAMAGES

AND PROTECT LIVES, PROPERTIES, AND PUBLIC
HEALTH IN PARADISE.

SP-1 The Town will consider extreme heat days in
building and landscape design, including park
design.

SP-2 The Town will stay informed on methods for
home hardening and periodically review
whether to include additional requirements
as the town continues to recover and more
science and information become available.

The Town will evaluate home hardening and
construction requirements annually and
amend local buildings codes as warranted to
take into account additional stressors on
buildings including, but not limited to,
building materials to reduce the impacts of
high heat days, fire resistance in areas of
increasing wildfire risk, and flood proofing
for intermittent inundation.

SP-3 The Town will consider the costs of
mandates and increased standards for
climate change adaptation regulations and
those standards and regulations on housing
affordability. These standards and
regulations may include home hardening,
building materials standards, landscaping,
and siting. Policies should balance the need
for climate adaptation with the negative
impact of decreasing housing affordability
for vulnerable populations.

SP-4 The Town will ensure adaptation planning
includes best available science, adequate
mapping, and consideration of planning
horizons. Best available, up-to-date scientific
information about hazards shall be used in
vulnerability assessments, permit
applications that present hazard risks, and
the preparation of technical reports and
related findings. Map areas subject to
existing and future hazards that present risks
to life and property using multiple scenarios,
including worst case scenario.

SP-5 The Town will encourage infill development
near services and evacuation routes through
regulatory levers such as reduced or waived
permitting fees and zoning incentives. The
proposed Sewer Service Area Overlay Zone
will include considerations to incentivize
development that has fewer GHG emissions
relative to sprawl and to encourage building
in safer parts of town.

SP-6 Because, by local designation, the entire
Town is located in a Very High Fire Hazard
Severity Zone (VHFHSZ), it is not feasible to
avoid or minimize new residential
development within VHFHSZs. The Town will
improve the resiliency of residential
development through enforcement of State
requirements as well as local requirements
for defensible space and fire resilient
construction, consistent with the Fire Safe
Regulations and Public Resources Code
(PRC) 4290.

SP-7 The Town will limit and discourage
construction of new development (including
rebuild projects) in zones or overlay areas
that have been identified or designated as
key parcels for wildfire risk reduction.
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SP-8 The Town will conduct an assessment that
identifies housing units and neighborhoods
in fire hazard severity zones that do not meet
current fire safe building codes or road
standards and develop retrofit programs that
target highest risk areas including but not
limited to programs to encourage lot
consolidation, taking into consideration the
increase in frequency and severity of
wildfires.

SP-9 The Town will identify, map and establish
land use designations and development
standards that protect areas of significant
habitat, biodiversity, carbon-sequestration,
ecological integrity and those areas with high
natural resilience to climate change to
reduce loss of critical habitat, increase biodiversity, mitigate climate change effects and protect ecological resources.

SP-10 The Town will continue to implement
provisions of the California Fire Code for Very
High Fire Hazard Severity zones.

SP-11 The Town will revise the Paradise Municipal
Code to adopt development standards that
meet or exceed Title 14, California Code of
Regulations (CCR), Division 1.5, Chapter 7,
Subchapter 2, Articles 1-5 (commending with
Section 1270) (SRA Fire Safe Regulations)
and Title 14, CCR, Division 1.5, Chapter 7,
Subchapter 3, Article 3 (commencing with
Section 1299.01) (Fire Hazard Reduction
Around Buildings and Structures
Regulations), and PRC 4290. These
standards will include but not limited to
30-foot setbacks for all buildings from all
property lines or mitigation measures,
designation and preservation of undeveloped
and strategic ridgelines, and standards for
emergency ingress and egress.
7 ISO Fire Suppression Rating Schedule (FSRS), evaluates four primary categories of fire suppression — fire
department, emergency communications, water supply,
SP-12 New fire station(s) shall be located so that all
areas within Town limits are within a fiveminute emergency response time for 90 percent of all emergency incidents. New
fire station locations should be within a

0.5-mile radius of the symbols indicated on
the Land Use Diagram.

SP-13 The Town will endeavor to maintain an
overall Insurance Services Office (ISO) rating7
of three or better and an emergency fire
response time within five minutes from 90
percent of all emergency incidents within the
Town limits.

SP-14 The Town will strive to reduce the impact of
pollutants on the well-being of Paradise
citizens.

SP-15 The Town shall ensure that any new
development or project for improvement of a
structure located within potential floodways
consider and account for special flood
hazards by enforcing the Paradise Municipal
Code standards for building in areas prone to
flood hazards.

SP-16 Detrimental and toxic discharge into natural
waterways shall not be permitted.

SP-17 Development projects should be designed to
minimize soil erosion and shall be required to
comply with all Town of Paradise-adopted
soil erosion standards maintained by the
Paradise Public Works Department.

SP-18 Butte County and its cities and towns,
including Paradise, shall act to provide for
the safe, effective management of
hazardous wastes generated within the
county. New off-site hazardous waste
management facilities shall be primarily
limited to a scale necessary to meet the
hazardous waste management needs of this
and community risk reduction. The FSRS includes
standards set by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
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county; larger facilities may be permitted in
accordance with effective inter-jurisdictional
agreements reached between Butte County
and other jurisdictions or upon
determination of the local governing body
that the project meets local planning criteria
and serves public needs.

SP-19 Butte County and its cities and towns,
including Paradise, encourage multi-county
and regional efforts to plan and implement
alternatives to land disposal of untreated
hazardous wastes and to limit the risks posed
by the transportation of hazardous wastes
around the state. Agreements for new
facilities to provide the offsite capacity
needed for hazardous waste treatment and
residuals disposal should be reached among
jurisdictions according to their fair share of
the hazardous waste stream, each
jurisdiction's environmental suitability for
different types of facilities, their economic
interests, and the economic viability of
different types and sizes of facilities.

SP-20 Butte County and its cities and towns,
including Paradise, shall ensure that onsite
and offsite hazardous waste treatment
facilities are subject to complete local review.

SP-21 Butte County and its cities and towns,
including Paradise, should designate a
system of preferred transportation routes for
hazardous wastes within the county.

Selection of preferred routes should be
determined on the criteria of minimal risk of
accident, and minimal exposure of the
county's population to the consequences of
any accidents. The designation of preferred
routes need not imply any restrictions on
other routes, nor any conflict with the
California Highway Patrol's role in
establishing transportation routes for
hazardous materials.

SP-22 Butte County, and its cities and towns,
including Paradise, shall require that all local
land use decisions on siting specified
hazardous waste management facilities are
consistent with Butte County Public Health
Department requirements and State law.

SI-1 INCREASE SHADE AND REDUCE HEAT IMPACTS
The Town will amend landscaping and development
standards to ensure landscaping and building
features such as awnings, canopies, arcades, and/or
colonnades that can encroach in the public sidewalk
area are used to create shade for pedestrians and
reduce heat absorption.

The Town will develop design standards for parks to
ensure that all park facilities, including recreational sports complexes, include a tree canopy, shade
structures, and materials with low solar gain to
improve usability on high heat days and reduce heat
retention.

Responsible Party: Planning
Funding Source: General Fund
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-2 BALANCED AND EVOLVING NEEDS
Annually, the Town will review its building
requirements against best practices for sustainability
and fire resistance and construction costs. The
Wildfire Prepared Home Program adopted in 2022
establishes standards for new fire resistant singlefamily home construction. Based on the Town’s progress in recovery and the cost of requirements,
the Town will identify whether requirements around
building materials, construction methods, and/or
energy systems should be made more stringent to
achieve goals around minimized risk and reduced
damage to property. Items to consider include
building construction and operation practices that
consume less energy and/or facilitate passive design;
incorporating residential Electric Vehicle (EV)
charging capabilities; facilitating decarbonization,
such as converting from gas-powered to electric
appliances; supporting back up energy systems; and
requiring additional fire-resistant building materials
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and practices such as ignition resistance
improvements.

The Town will utilize incentives and aid whenever
possible to offset the costs associated with increased
resiliency. Potential incentives include rebates,
reduced or waived fees, density bonuses, and/or a
revolving loan or grant program to assist vulnerable
populations, and owners of the properties that
provide housing to these groups, with modifications
to dwelling units. The Town will seek partnerships
with non-profit organizations and funding
mechanisms to assist property owners with climate
adaptation and resiliency interventions, such as
home hardening, expansion of defensible space, and
energy improvements.

Responsible Party: Planning, Building, Recovery and Economic Development
Funding Source: General Fund
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-3 REMOVE RISK AND INCENTIVIZE INFILL
Utilizing the work of the Paradise Nature-Based Fire
Resilience Project,
8 the Town will identify and map
parcels to prioritize as Wildfire Risk Reduction
Buffers (WRRBs). The Town will explore and
implement at least one tool to disincentivize
development on these parcels, such as a fire risk
impact fee or an overlay zone that provides
heightened development standards.

At the same time as development on the riskiest
parcels is disincentivized, development in the town
core will be encouraged. With the development of a
sewer system, the Town will develop a zoning
overlay for mixed-use and multi-family development
in the Sewer Service Area (SSA) predominantly
around Skyway and Clark. Increased densities up to
30 units/acre will be allowed in this area, which is
better served by transit, flatter, and easier to
evacuate. The Town will prepare a fact sheet on the
sewer service overlay to send to active developers
that will include a map of the SSA and a clear
8 Conservation Biologist Institute in partnership with The Nature Conservancy and Paradise Recreation & Parks
explanation of development standards within the
overlay. The Town will explore other regulatory
incentives to apply with or without the sewer, such as
reduced permit fees, expedited processing, a special
permitting desk, California Environmental Quality
Act (CEQA) streamlining through a Specific Plan,
and/or density bonus programs.

Responsible Party: Planning, Building, Recovery, and Economic Development
Funding Source: General Fund
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-4 DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS
Consistent with the Board of Forestry and Fire
Protection (Board) State Minimum Fire Safe
Regulations, the Town will notify the Board before
revising local regulations and will utilize technical
assistance for the Board as appropriate.

The Town will monitor the approval and codification
of the State Minimum Fire Safe Regulations into the
California Code of Regulations and will amend the
Paradise Municipal Code to adopt development
standards that meet or exceed Title 14, California
Code of Regulations (CCR), Division 1.5, Chapter 7,
Subchapter 2, Articles 1-5 (commencing with Section
1270) (SRA Fire Safe Regulations) and Title 14, CCR,
Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 3, Article 3
(commending with Section 1299.01) (Fire Hazard
Reduction Around Buildings and Structures
Regulations), PRC 4290, and PRC 4291 consistent
with the local designation of the entire Town as a
VHFHSZ.

Through the development review process, the Town
will also ensure that future development is designed
and constructed to take maximum advantage of
known fire and crime prevention siting, orientation,
and building techniques. The Town will incorporate
these measures as objective development standards.

Responsible Party: Fire
Funding Source: General Fund
District, 2020. Paradise Nature-Based Fire Resilience
Project, June.
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Implementation Schedule: Objective design standards to be completed by December 2024.

SI-5 FIRE PROTECTION PLANS
New development projects in the Town shall prepare
a Fire Protection Plan for adequate emergency water
flow, emergency vehicle access, visible addressing
and signage, evacuation routes, fuel management,
defensible space, fire safe building construction, and
wildfire preparedness.

Responsible Party: Planning and Fire
Funding Source: General Fund and EDA grant
Implementation Schedule: Adopt requirements for Fire
Protection Plans by July 2024.

SI-6 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
The Town will also assure that increased runoff
resulting from additional coverage of surface area on
developing properties does not adversely affect
surrounding properties, roads, or stream courses. All
development will be checked for compliance with the
Master Storm Drain Study and Facilities Plan.

Development will not be permitted if potential
flooding and drainage impacts cannot be overcome
by sound engineering practices.

The Town will require all development proposals on
sites which contain slopes exceeding 20 percent
and/or which border or include significant and
sensitive stream courses or natural drainageways, to
include programs for replanting and slope
stabilization, erosion control plans, and to
incorporate designs which minimize grading and cutand-fill. Building on slopes in excess of 30 percent will not be permitted.

Responsible Party: Planning and Public Works
Funding Source: EDA Grant
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-7 HAZARDOUS WASTE
The current Paradise General Plan recommends the
siting of community collection and transfer facilities
in the industrial area of Paradise (see Figure 8-11,
Hazardous Waste Management Plan). The Town has
a Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) and recycling
center which has been temporarily closed post-fire.

The Town’s goal is to reopen the HHW facility within
2-3 years. In the meantime, residents are directed to
use the regional HHW facility in Chico.

The Town’s development review process shall take
into consideration the findings, recommendations,
and requirements of the Certified Unified Program
Agency (CUPA), State law, and the Town’s
Household Hazardous Waste Element.

The Town will work with Butte County to seek
agreements with other counties in the region to site
regionally scaled facilities designed to meet the
needs of hazardous waste generators from several
counties and to develop a program for ongoing
hazardous waste data collection to increase accuracy
and reliability of data estimates during subsequent
plan updates. The Town will also work with Butte
County to develop a countywide hazardous waste
reduction program which will identify economically
feasible waste reduction practices and incentives
available to the following key target groups: large
and small quantity industrial and commercial
hazardous waste generators, agriculture, and
individual households. In particular, the Town will
work with Butte County to establish a program to
manage waste oil produced by households and small
quantity generators in Butte County.

The Town will work with Butte County to prepare
countywide air quality control standards pertaining
to siting of hazardous waste treatment facilities as
necessary to protect the health and welfare of the
residents of Butte County.

Responsible Party: Planning
Funding Source: General Fund
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-8 EMERGENCY RESPONSE
The Town will evaluate the need for and establish, as
applicable, law enforcement and fire protection for
new land use development sufficient to assure that
adequate levels of protection are maintained. The
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potential to levy fees on existing land uses will also
be evaluated. The Town will consider the burden fees
put on property owners and will balance construction
feasibility with the need for emergency response.

Responsible Party: Planning and Economic Development
Funding Source: General Fund
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SG-2 PROVIDE PROTECTION FOR CRITICAL FACILITIES,

INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES FROM HAZARD
IMPACTS.

SP-23 The Town will seek funding sources to
provide assistance in installing efficient air
conditioning or cooling alternatives in
existing structures to reduce peak electrical
demands during high heat events to ensure
reliability of the electrical grid (new homes
will have efficient air conditioning as part of
new construction).

SP-24 The Town will strive to harmonize the
General Plan, the community’s capital
improvements plan and annual fiscal budget
with climate action and/or adaptation
policies.

SP-25 The Town will partner with community
organizations to develop and maintain a
community capacity inventory to facilitate
drawing on the strengths of the community’s
individuals and organizations to work toward
community goals, such as safety and
resiliency. The inventory will identify the
hard assets (e.g., educational institutions,
community organizations) in and/or serving
Paradise.

SP-26 The Town will maintain and implement the
Town’s Storm Drain Master Plan to provide
safe and effective management of
stormwater to reduce flooding.

SP-27 The Town will continue to implement
infrastructure recovery projects to improve
the safety and longevity of key
infrastructure, including evacuation routes.

SP-28 The Town will require all new development
to comply with the airport height restriction
policy, airport safety area(s) policies, and
land use guidelines for safety compatibility of
the Paradise Skypark Airport as contained in
the Butte County Airport Land Use
Compatibility Plan.

SP-29 The Town will locate, when feasible, new
essential public facilities along major
evacuation routes, including hospitals and
healthcare facilities, emergency shelters, fire
stations, emergency command centers, and
emergency communications facilities.

SI-9 ELECTRICAL GRID INTEGRITY
Design an incentive program, such as providing
forgivable loans or a rebate program, to encourage
alternatives to conventional air conditioning for
retrofitting existing buildings constructed to older
standards, such as high efficiency heat pumps,
ceiling fans, air exchangers, increased insulation and
low-solar-gain exterior materials to reduce peak
electrical demands during high heat events to ensure
reliability of the electrical grid. Cooling products that recirculate inside air and do not bring in outside air
such as efficient heating, ventilation and air
conditioning (HVAC) systems and heat pumps will be
prioritized given the added air quality benefits of
these methods when wildfire smoke may force
residents to close their windows.

Responsible Party: Housing Division
Funding Source: TBD
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-10 IDENTIFY COMMUNITY ASSETS
The Town will engage non-profits and communitybased organizations to develop and maintain a map or directory of community assets. The effort will
require first defining the elements that should be
included (such as critical facilities and community
services), engaging non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) and Town agencies to utilize current work,
and then developing and sustaining standardized,
transferrable procedures for collecting and managing
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data. Partnerships with NGOs such as Code for
America could yield an open-source, collaborative
format for collecting and sharing this information.

Responsible Party: Planning
Funding Source: TBD
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-11 STRENGTHEN INFRASTRUCTURE
The Town will review standards for roadway widths,
maximum cul-de-sac lengths, emergency access, and
road and structural identification and amend as
necessary to meet or exceed State Fire Safe
Regulations.

Consistent with the Long Term Community Recovery
Plan (LTCRP) and the ongoing Transportation Master
Plan, the Town will continue to implement long-term
recovery projects related to improving and
protecting infrastructure, including the following:
 Replace damaged plastic culverts with reinforced
concrete pipe culverts to improve the safety and
long-term maintenance of evacuation routes.
 Remove and replace damaged hardscape,
including concrete curb, gutter and sidewalk
lighting, planters, and amenities.
 Repair damaged roadways and roadway signs
along evacuation routes.
 Rehabilitate Neal Road, a key evacuation route,
from Wayland Road to Skyway.
 Remove standing burnt trees on private lands
that are hazardous to public safety.
 Repair off-system (i.e., local, public roads that
are not part of the federal aid system) roadways
along evacuation routes.
 Widen key evacuation routes (i.e., Upper
Skyway from Bille Road to Pentz Road, Clark
Road from Wagstaff Road to Skyway, Pentz
Road from Skyway to Town limits, Neal Road
from Skyway to Town limits) to include a center
turn lane, widened shoulders, and a multi-use
pathway to improve evacuation and increase
evacuation capacity.
 Implement other circulation improvements in the
Transportation Master Plan that will provide
benefits for emergency preparedness, response,
and evacuation.
 Develop a program to prioritize and facilitate
correction of existing non-conforming
development in terms of road standards and
vegetative hazard.

The Town will include emergency vehicle access
requirements in the Paradise Municipal Code
subdivision and zoning ordinances, Town-adopted
road standards, and Town-adopted current California
Fire Codes. Through the development review process
and in accordance with the Butte County Community
Wildfire Protection Plan, adequate roads shall be
required to be constructed and/or improved for
emergency vehicle access.

The Town will maintain and continue to implement
the updated Storm Drain Master Plan.

Responsible Party: Public Works Planning and Recovery
Funding Source: FHWA – Emergency Relief, FEMA – Hazard
Mitigation Grant, FEMA – Public Assistance and some unsecured Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-12 AIRPORT
The Town will submit all zoning, subdivision, and
General Plan amendment applications within the
adopted airport area of influence to the Butte County
Airport Land Use Commission for review and
approval. In conjunction with the General Plan
update, the Town will adopt zoning changes within
the Skypark Airport’s “C” Compatibility Zone to meet
the standards of the Airport Land Use Compatibility
Plan.

Responsible Party: Planning
Funding Source: General Fund
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-13 CRITICAL FACILITIES
In conjunction with the General Plan update, the
Town will look at the current public-institutional (P-I) and community-service (C-S) land use designations
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and, where feasible, ensure these designations are
along or near major evacuation routes, recognizing it
is not feasible to locate such facilities outside
VHFHSZs because, by local designation, the entire
Town is designated a VHFHSZ. Existing and new
critical facilities will continue to provide visible street signs and adequate clearance for emergency
response vehicles.

In conjunction with the Town’s ongoing development
of an early warning system, emergency
communications facilities will be sited with
consideration for future disasters.

Whenever feasible, critical facilities that serve the
town will be placed outside of VHFHSZs. Within
Town limits, the development of new critical facilities will be prohibited in WRRBs.

Responsible Party: Planning
Funding Source: General Fund
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SG-3 INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS OF THE RISK AND

VULNERABILITY OF THE COMMUNITY TO HAZARDS

AND PROMOTE PERSONAL AWARENESS AND
RESPONSIBILITY.

SP-30 Incorporate links and references in system
maps and incorporate interpretive signage at
multi-use path trailheads providing
education on climate change related health
threats including heat-related illness and
wildfire smoke and personal care steps.

SP-31 Require residential property managers and
landlords to disclose hazard risk information
to renters in a manner similar to that
required when residential properties are sold.

SP-32 Continue to maintain and disseminate
education and resources on wildfire risk and
mitigation using a variety of methods and
materials to reach at-risk or hard to reach
populations.

SP-33 Conduct practice exercises to increase
awareness of emergency operations for
Town staff and members of the public.

SP-34 Conduct outreach and education around safe
handling and disposal of household
hazardous materials using a variety of
methods and materials to reach at-risk or
hard to reach populations.

SI-14 COMMUNITY AWARENESS
The Town to install signage along the Yellowstone
Kelly Heritage Trailway, the planned Paradise Transit
Center, and the planned multi-use pathways along
main ingress and egress routes to remind residents
of climate change related threats, including heatrelated illness and wildfire smoke. The Town will work with local public health professionals to provide
information on personal care steps to prevent heatrelated illness and wildfire smoke in a brochure or placard that can be placed at trailheads and park
entrances and on municipal bulletin boards.

Responsible Party: Public Works Department
Funding Source: TBD
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-15 PUBLIC EDUCATION
The Town will also amend the Town’s Health and
Safety Code (Title 8 of the Paradise Municipal Code)
to require all residential property managers and
landlords to disclose information in rental leases that identifies areas of unreasonable risks (pursuant to
California Government Code 65302(g)(1)), including
but not limited to California Department of Forestry
and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) fire hazard severity
zone for the property and specifies whether the
property is in an area prone to flood pursuant to
Chapter 8.55 of the Municipal Code, in a high
liquefaction susceptibility zone, or at risk of ground
shaking.

Responsible Party: Planning
Funding Source: General Fund
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
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The Town will conduct Emergency Operations
Center (EOC) training exercises throughout the life of
the Safety Element, in addition to simulation
exercises with the public.

The Town will initiate public education programs for
household hazardous waste to increase public
awareness of proper hazardous waste disposal.

Working with Butte County and the franchised solid
waste hauler, the Town will develop small quantity
generator and residential hazardous waste
educational programs. Such programs should
provide information as to types of hazardous waste
products, State and local requirements for disposal
of hazardous wastes, available means for disposal of
small quantities of hazardous wastes, and the risks
associated with illegal disposal of hazardous wastes
in septic systems, public wastewater treatment
facilities and the municipal waste stream, and
disposal to Land. Public information programs will
also improve the level of general understanding
about hazardous waste management and siting
issues; educate Butte County residents as to
particular hazardous waste issues of concern, such as
the risk to groundwater and drinking water supplies;
involve the public in hazardous waste management;
and build a vehicle for incorporating public concerns
into subsequent Safety Element updates.

The Town will educate residents regarding the
dangers of seismic activity public outreach efforts
and promotion of the findings contained within the
adopted Butte County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
(LHMP), which hereby is incorporated by reference
within the Paradise General Plan.

Public education efforts shall include outreach using
a variety of methods and materials to reach at-risk or
hard to reach populations.

Responsible Party: Planning
Funding Source: General Fund and TBD
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-16 PROMULGATE WILDFIRE MATERIALS
The Town will maintain its Emergency Services
Information webpage and associated resources,
including but not limited to the ember awareness
checklist, disaster supplies kit checklist, evacuation
routes map and plan, and defensible space
brochures. The Town will periodically utilize its social media accounts to disseminate information on
wildfire risk and reduction and will staff information
tables or booths at community and/or neighborhood
events (e.g., Paradise Chocolate Festival, Party in the Park, National Night Out) at least three times per
year to pass out informational resources. In
conjunction with Goal 8, the Town will continue to
partner with the Butte County Fire Safe Council and
other community organizations to lift up training
sessions and share education resources. Working
with community partners, the Town will explore the
feasibility of holding an annual fire prevention and
risk reduction day of awareness or workshop that
could be held on the anniversary of the Camp Fire.

Responsible Party: Recovery and Fire Department
Funding Source: FHWA – Emergency Relief, FEMA – Hazard
Mitigation Grant, FEMA – Public Assistance and some unsecured Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SG-4 INCREASE THE COMMUNITY’S ABILITY TO BE

PREPARED FOR, RESPOND TO, AND RECOVER
FROM A DISASTER EVENT.

SP-35 Implement the Emergency Operations Plan.

SP-36 Prioritize the needs of vulnerable and
disadvantaged communities, including
renters and low-income homeowners, during
the emergency response and disaster
recovery efforts.

SP-37 The Town shall develop policies and provide
updates, as appropriate, that ensure
recovery and redevelopment after a large fire
reduces future vulnerabilities to fire hazard
risks through site preparation,
redevelopment layout design, fire-resistant
landscape planning, and ignition resistant
building design and materials.
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SP-38 Provide adequate access, including
emergency vehicle access and evacuation, to
all new parcels and existing parcels in
accordance with Title 14, California Code of
Regulations (CCR), Division 1.5, Chapter 7,
Subchapter 2, Articles 1-5 (commending with
Section 1270) (SRA Fire Safe Regulations)
and Title 14, CCR, Division 1.5, Chapter 7,
Subchapter 3, Article 3 (commencing with
Section 1299.01) (Fire Hazard Reduction
Around Buildings and Structures
Regulations), and PRC 4290.where feasible
and preferable in accordance with the townadopted Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan.

SP-39 Continue to implement the Transportation
Master Plan to improve circulation
infrastructure used for evacuation and ensure
it is appropriately sized for future
populations and explore capital expenses for
maintaining the system to ensure reliability
in an emergency. Incorporate into
appropriate plans the role of the active
transportation options (such as walking
paths, sidewalks, and bikeways) and local
transit agency(s) in providing evacuation
options based upon the duration and severity
of events as well as different community
needs, particularly those residents with
access and functional needs.

SP-40 Continue to implement standards to prohibit
or limit development on parcels without
adequate emergency access.

SP-41 The Town will develop and provide a multilayered, redundant communications system to be used for disaster preparedness
education and emergency communications.

SP-42 The Town will work with community partners
to run disaster event simulations twice per
year for community members to be able to
practice evacuation.

SP-43 The Town will designate an emergency
aircraft landing area(s) within the Paradise
primary and secondary planning areas.

SI-17 TOWN ACTION TO HELP VULNERABLE

COMMUNITIES
The Town will support post-disaster funding for
multi-family and affordable housing development,
including manufactured housing. To the extent
feasible within the Community Development Block
Grant-Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR) funding
requirements, the Town will prioritize the
replacement of affordable housing units that have
been damaged or demolished, as well as the
deployment of interim housing in vulnerable
communities and the creation of new affordable
housing.

Ensure that vulnerable populations and agencies and
non-governmental organizations that work with
these populations are represented in the
development of any emergency response plan(s) and
climate adaptation strategies.

Responsible Party: Housing and Planning
Funding Source: CDBG-R and General Fund
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-18 AFTER ACTION REPORTING
An after-action report shall be prepared following
any declaration of a local emergency by the Town for
which the governor proclaims a state of emergency,
pursuant to the California Code of Regulations, Title
19, Section 2450 and Section 3.1 of the Town of
Paradise Emergency Operations Plan. The afteraction report will serve as a source for documenting the Town emergency response activities and
identifying areas of concern and successes. It will also be utilized to develop a work plan for implementing
improvements.

Responsible Party: Recovery and Planning
Funding Source: General Fund/TBD
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
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SI-19 DISASTER RESPONSE INFRASTRUCTURE
The Town will develop and maintain an early warning
system that includes sirens, text messages, voice
messages, and other alert best practices so that
there are multiple layers of communication and builtin redundancy in case of disaster-driven failures. The warning system will be used at least twice per year
for disaster simulations, which could occur on the
anniversary of major past disasters like the Camp
Fire. The simulations will help residents overcome
behavioral obstacles related to evacuation as they
become familiar with assigned evacuation routes and
practice their own response plans.

Through its General Plan update process, the Town
will designate an emergency aircraft landing area.

This could be within Paradise’s primary or secondary
planning area.

The Town will continue to explore funding resources
for improving and maintaining its evacuation system.

The Town will continue to implement the evacuation
route upgrades recommended in the Long-Term
Community Recovery Plan and the Transportation
Master Plan (TMP), and implementation will be
according to the priority levels identified in the TMP.

As mentioned under SG-3, the Town will continue to
provide education around evacuation zones and
routes and other disaster recovery educational
resources.

The Town will continue to limit the densities of
development on parcels that do not have adequate
emergency access. At a minimum, the Town will not
approve any discretionary permit or project that
requests an increase of existing residential density on parcels that are served access by either an existing or resultant cul-de-sac exceeding a maximum length of
1,800 lineal feet. The Town will look to the TMP and
Board of Forestry and Fire Protection for guidance on
potentially developing more stringent access
requirements. New development will be assessed on
a project basis to ensure that new land uses will not
cause emergency responses times to fall below
acceptable levels. The Town will strive to maintain an
overall fire insurance (ISO) rating of three or better, and an emergency fire
response within five minutes for 90 percent of all
emergency incidents within the Town Limits.

Responsible Party: Recovery and Public Works
Funding Source: HMGP
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-20 EARLY NOTICING FOR CONSTRAINED AREAS
The Town will establish a new evacuation zone for
areas identified as having inadequate
access/evacuation routes. Parcels within this new
evacuation zone will be notified when the Town
issues a warning or notice to any other evacuation
zone, giving residents additional time to prepare.

Responsible Party: CAL FIRE and Planning
Funding Source: General Fund
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SG-5 REDUCE FIRE SEVERITY AND INTENSITY IN
PARADISE AND SURROUNDING LANDS.

SP-44 Adopt an urban canopy ordinance that
includes guidance and standards for new tree
planting, proper tree pruning, and vegetation
management to preserve the structural
integrity of trees while ensuring fire
resistance and fuels management.

Recommendations for fire-resistant trees
species (e.g., black oak) will be included.

SP-45 The Town will encourage the acquisition of
high hazard parcels on the periphery of town
(i.e., the Wildfire Risk Reduction Buffers
identified by the Conservation Biology
Institute) for open space or similar uses that
serve as wildfire buffers. Explore zoning
changes or other policy tools like the Bureau
of Land Management’s Area of Critical
Environmental Concern planning process or
the establishment of an impact fee to
discourage or prohibit development in the
most dangerous places.

SP-46 Support efforts to reduce health hazards
from wildfire smoke, such as access to
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respirators and air filtration systems, access
to clean air refuge centers, and limits on
outdoor activities.

SP-47 Support hazardous fuel reduction, defensible
space clearing and forest fuel reduction in
rural forested areas with high tree mortality
and unnaturally high fuel loads to reduce the
size and severity of catastrophic wildfires
which reduces the release nonanthropogenic black carbon and methane.

SP-48 Continue to ensure that defensible space and
hazardous fuel management requirements of
Chapter 8.58 are enforced as expeditiously as
possible. Maintain resident records as the
Town continues to rebuild so that citations
can be served more quickly.

SP-49 Work with community organizations to
provide grants or volunteer assistance for
vegetation management to help offset costs
for low-income households. Assistance will
prioritize seniors, persons with disabilities,
and low-income residents. Consider
contracting for or subsidizing a herd of goats
or sheep in order to provide fuels
management services to property owners at
reduced rates. Grazing programs are most
effective for fuels management in large areas
and areas with steep or difficult terrain.

SI-21 WILDFIRE BUFFERS
Planning staff will meet with Paradise Parks and
Recreation District staff, the Nature Conservancy,
Conversation Biology Institute, and other
stakeholders to identify the highest priority parcels
for Wildfire Risk Reduction Buffers. The Paradise
Nature-Based Fire Resilience Project Final Report will
be used as a starting point for discussion.

The Town will work with potential funders and other
partners to facilitate undeveloped, high-priority
parcels being turned into parks or open space. If
these parcels are not able to be acquired for open
space use, the Town will explore establishing an
impact fee for future development on these parcels
that will go to fund fire prevention and resilience
efforts, such as vegetation management programs
and circulation upgrades for evacuation purposes.

Development on these parcels would be subject to
the most stringent fire and building codes.

Responsible Party: Recovery, Planning, and Recreation & Parks Funding Source: TBD
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-22 VEGETATION MANAGEMENT
The Town will provide educational and financial
resources to facilitate adequate fuels management.

Assistance resources can include volunteer days in
partnership with a local service organization,
provision of goats or sheep to provide grazing
services, and grants to help offset costs for lowincome households. Assistance will prioritize seniors, persons with disabilities, and low-income residents.

The Town will also continue to publicize local weed
abatement businesses through the Town’s online
business directory: https://www.townofparadise.
com/business-directory.

The Town of Paradise Public Works Department will
continue to implement the annual roadside
vegetation management program in a manner that is
consistent with the California Department of
Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) Butte Unit
Fire Plan and the Butte County Community Wildfire
Protection Plan.

The Town will continue to enforce defensible space
requirements and to publicize its system for code
enforcement complaints related to hazardous fuel
management. Based on community feedback, the
Town will consider shortening the length of time that
property owners have to become compliant with the
Town’s requirements from 30 calendar days to 20
calendar days and to look at opportunities to
streamline the abatement process for properties that
don’t comply.

Responsible Party: Recovery, Public Works, Planning, Fire, and Recreation & Parks
Funding Source: TBD
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Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-23 STATE COMPLIANCE
The Town will enforce and comply with the
provisions of Title 14, California Code of Regulations
(CCR), Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Articles
1-5 (commending with Section 1270) (SRA Fire Safe
Regulations) and Title 14, CCR, Division 1.5, Chapter
7, Subchapter 3, Article 3 (commencing with Section
1299.01) (Fire Hazard Reduction Around Buildings
and Structures Regulations), and PRC 4290.and
Town-adopted California Fire Code, the Town will
also require adequate clearance around structures.

Responsible Party: Recovery, Planning, and Fire
Funding Source: General Fund/Building Enterprise Fund/FEMA – Hazard Mitigation Grant
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SG-6 INCREASE COMMUNITY RESILIENCY TO CLIMATE
CHANGE’S INFLUENCE ON DISASTERS.

SP-50 The Town will encourage or require native,
low-water-use, drought-tolerant and fireresistant plant species for use with open space and park development. The list will
also be included in landscaping standards for
private development to reduce reliance on
potable and recycled water resources.

SP-51 The Town will develop a public outreach and
engagement strategy to address impacts of
climate change and its associated hazards,
especially disproportionate impacts on
vulnerable populations, that identifies all
stakeholders, utilizes methods to engage the
entire community, and includes education
components in all planning and policymaking processes for climate change and adaptation.

SP-52 Educate and encourage property owners to
consider site design and building features
that can increase energy efficiency and
improve the resiliency of structures.

SP-53 Complete a comprehensive General Plan
update to align land uses and other Town
policies with post-fire recommendations,
community needs, and the threats of climate
change.

SP-54 Work to provide safeguards so that
infrastructure will be available to support
residents during extreme weather and
disasters.

SI-24 ENCOURAGING RESILIENCY
The Town will develop a guidance project checklist
for building and site adaptation measures. The
checklist, included with permit applications, will
provide education to permit applicants on
modifications to site plans and structures that can
improve a project’s resiliency to existing and
potential future climate change hazards. The items
on the checklist are not requirements but simply
information on practices that could increase energy
efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emission, and
increase resiliency. The checklist will include
information on weatherizing techniques, solar
panels, and wind energy.

In the public realm, consider using impact fees or
other funding mechanism to develop battery
charging stations for residents during power outages
that can double as cooling stations during extreme
heat days.

Responsible Party: Planning and Building
Funding Source: TBD
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-25 FUTURE PLANNING
The Town will continue its comprehensive General
Plan update and will use the update process as an
opportunity to continue to infuse resiliency into land
use planning and local policy. Any General Plan
updates will include robust community engagement
processes that uses a combination of engagement
methods (e.g., digital exercises, in-person meetings
both large and small, phone-based engagement),
culturally competent messaging, and engagement
activities to target vulnerable populations that have
historically been excluded from the planning process.
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Targeted engagement activities could include focus
groups with residents with protected characteristics,
interviews with community-based organizations
serving these populations, using stipends to remove
barriers to participation, scheduling meetings at
transit-served locations, and other equitable best
practices.

Responsible Party: Planning
Funding Source: General Fund
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SG-7 COLLABORATE WITH THE USDAFOREST SERVICE
(USFS), BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT (BLM),

CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND

FIRE PROTECTION (CAL FIRE), AND OTHER FIRE

PROTECTION AGENCIES AND STAKEHOLDERS TO

MITIGATE THE RISK OF WILDFIRE AND OTHER
HAZARDS.

SP-55 Adopt plans and support projects for forest
management activities to restore California
forest lands that have high tree mortality and
unnaturally dense fuel loads to a fire resilient
condition that will mitigate wildfire size and
severity.

SP-56 The Town will continue to maintain adoption
of a current California Fire Code amended to
reflect the unique needs of Paradise and
require compliance with its provisions. In
addition, the Town shall require that, after a
large fire event, a detailed and
comprehensive evaluation of redevelopment
of the affected area(s).

SP-57 The Town will harmonize and coordinate
updates to hazard mitigation and safety
planning. The Town will align and coordinate
updates to the community's General Plan
and Local Hazard Mitigation Plan to
efficiently meet requirements and SB 379
(2015) and synchronize future updates of the
Safety and Housing Element to ensure
compliance with Senate Bill 1035 (2018) and
consistency between policies, strategies, and
implementation measures. Paradise will
collaborate with Butte County jurisdictions
and applicable, consider adoption of a multijurisdictional climate adaptation plan, climate action plans, capital improvements
plans, transportation plans, or Local Hazard
Mitigation plan(s) that can address cross
jurisdictional issues or issues in which
coordination and pooling of resources is a
benefit.

SP-58 Designate an inter-departmental/interagency working group to coordinate the implementation and monitoring of the
community’s climate action and/or
adaptation strategies.

SP-59 Designate a department, or staff position
within an existing department, with
responsibility for monitoring, reporting and
progress towards implementation of the
Safety Element.

SP-60 Support hazardous fuel reduction and forest
fuel reduction in rural forested areas with
unnaturally high fuel loads to reduce the size
and severity of catastrophic wildfires. Ensure
forest fuels reductions benefit the upperwatershed water quality, quantity, and timing.

SP-61 The Town will promote fire prevention by
continuing to require brush removal and fuel
load clearing in accordance with Title 14,
California Code of Regulations (CCR),
Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Articles
1-5 (commending with Section 1270) (SRA
Fire Safe Regulations) and Title 14, CCR,
Division 1.5, Chapter 7, Subchapter 3, Article
3 (commencing with Section 1299.01) (Fire
Hazard Reduction Around Buildings and
Structures Regulations), and PRC 4290., the
Butte County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
(LHMP), and the Butte County Community
Wildfire Protection Plan as ongoing
conditions of development approval and
property maintenance.
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SP-62 The Town will work with Del Oro Water
Company and the Paradise Irrigation District
to assure the adequacy and long-term
maintenance of water supply, fire flow, and
peak-load water supplies in accordance with
Town-adopted current California Fire Codes.

SI-26 AGENCY COOPERATION
The Town will continue to coordinate with local,
state, and federal agencies to update emergency,
evacuation, and hazard mitigation plans, as
necessary, to support inter-agency preparedness
coordination, and establish and maintain mutual aid
agreements where feasible.

The Town will continue to serve as a partner for fire
protection agencies, including USDA Forest Service
(USFS), Bureau of Land Management (BLM),
California Department of Forestry and Fire
Protection (CAL FIRE). The Town will distribute
information on behalf of these organizations to
Paradise residents as appropriate and will continue
to publicize fire safe programs and resources from
firefighting agencies.

In particular, the Town will continue to promote and
support the vegetation clearance, defensible space
activities, and fire prevention programs of the Fire
Safe Councils, community organizations, and other
local agencies such as the California Department of
Transportation (Caltrans).

The Town will alert fire agencies of all evacuation
drills in the event that fire fighters or agency
representatives would like to participate. The Town
will strive to establish emergency service training
that meets or exceeds State or national standards, as
provided by CAL FIRE. The Town will work with
CAL FIRE to execute the trainings.

The Town will reduce wildland fuels through
community fuel reduction, including lineal fuel
breaks within and adjacent to the town and
defensible space around homes through hazard
abatement at the parcel level, particularly in
reference to the Town of Paradise Defensible Space
Ordinance the Butte County Local Hazard Mitigation
Plan (LHMP), and the Town-adopted Butte County
Community Wildfire Protection Plan. The Town will
also endeavor to establish an assured funding means
and cooperative partnership program(s) for ongoing
maintenance of existing and proposed fuel breaks as
well as private and public road clearances.

Through the development review and long-range
planning processes, the Town will continue to
coordinate and assure current and future water
supply for fire suppression needs. The Town will
establish standards for adequate fire flows for new
land use development and expansion of existing
development in accordance with the requirements of
the Town-adopted California Fire Code.

Responsible Party: Planning and Fire
Funding Source: General Fund and TBD
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-27 COUNTY COLLABORATION
Maintain the Butte County Local Hazard Mitigation
Plan (LHMP) and Butte County Community Wildfire
Protection Plan. Share information and resources
with other Butte County jurisdictions as the Town
continues to recover.

The Town shall encourage Butte County to enforce
standards conforming to the fire safety standards
established by the Board of Forestry and Fire
Protection for State Responsibility Areas within the
Paradise secondary and tertiary planning areas,
including the following:
 Road standards for fire equipment access.

Common road standards for the Town’s sphere
of influence have been adopted by Butte County
and the Town of Paradise.
 Standards for signs identifying streets, roads,
and buildings, including standards for address
identification.
 Minimum private water supply reserves for
emergency fire use.
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 Fuel breaks and greenbelts.
 Land use policies and safety standards that take
into account the recurrent nature of wildland
fires.
 Design standards establishing minimum road
widths and clearances around structures.
 Emergency preparedness protocol and
procedures.
 Maximum length of cul-de-sac roadways.

The Town will share its Operations Playbook (see
SI-18) with other Butte County jurisdictions to
promote collaboration and collective problem
solving.

Responsible Party: Planning, Fire, and Public Works
Funding Source: General Fund and TBD
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SG-8 COLLABORATE WITH BUTTE COUNTY FIRE SAFE

COUNCIL, PARADISE RIDGE FIRE SAFE COUNCIL,

PARADISE RECREATION AND PARK DISTRICT, AND

OTHER COMMUNITY GROUPS AND

ORGANIZATIONS TO INCREASE HOMEOWNER

AWARENESS OF AND PARTICIPATION IN

VOLUNTARY WILDFIRE RESILIENCY AND CLIMATE
CHANGE ADAPTATION INTERVENTIONS.

SP-63 Work with local fire officials to educate
homeowners and landlords through social
media and education programs on how to
reduce fire risk to structures and landscaping
as wildfire risk continues to increase due to
climate change.

SP-64 Ensure coordination between emergency
management personnel and local hospitals,
urgent care medical providers, and area
doctors to develop community-wide
communications and response plans for high
heat days exacerbated by climate change.

These response plans should include alerts to
medical professionals to ensure providers are
equipped to handle increased patient load,
allow local providers to check in or notify
their vulnerable patients, and first
responders are properly staffed and
equipped to transport vulnerable patients to
community heat shelters or medical
facilities, if experiencing emergent
conditions.

SP-65 Ensure all segments of the Paradise
community, and especially vulnerable
populations, are aware of and involved in
adaptation planning. Utilize methods to
engage the entire community and include
education components in all planning and
policy-making processes for climate change
and adaptation.

SP-66 Work with community partners, local
officials, and non-profit organizations to
incorporate social media, traditional forms of
outreach, and education programs into
community plans, such as the Paradise Fuel
Reduction Program, that seek to educate
homeowners and landlords on how to reduce
risks to structures, landscaping, and
property.

SP-67 Work with community partners to
implement recognition program(s) such as
Firewise Community, Wildfire Prepared
Home (see SI-2), and the California
Department of Insurance Safer from
Wildfires program to recognize new and
existing properties that have implemented
best practices for siting structures outside of
the wildland-urban-interface, incorporated
fuel reduction in landscaping, and
incorporated building retrofitting and/or new
construction standards to harden structures
against fire.

SI-28 INCLUSIVE ENGAGEMENT AND EDUCATION
Seek opportunities to fund and partner with existing,
successful community-based programs (e.g.,
community health programs, neighborhood
associations and advocacy organizations, volunteer
groups, and others) to connect community members
to hazard and climate change risk information. An
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example of such an expansion would be the
promotion of voluntary retrofits to building owners in
coordination with the public health sector Healthy
Homes educational campaigns. The Town will
encourage and promote neighborhood-based
communication networks through which community
members can post requests for assistance,
availability of tools/supplies, local ‘news’ updates,
helpful resources, etc. The Town will continue to post
links to the Butte County Fire Safe Council and
California Wildland Coordinating Group and its fire
prevention website.

The Town and its partners will utilize best practices
for inclusive engagement and education, including
holding varying meeting times to accommodate
different schedules, holding meetings in locations
accessible to those without transportation, providing
culturally relevant language, providing childcare,
diversifying outreach through storytelling and active
listening techniques, and ensure all materials are
designed to communicate effectively to all groups.

Responsible Party: Planning
Funding Source: General Fund
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-29 ONGOING EDUCATION
The Town will continue to maintain and publicize
information resources and workshop opportunities
from the Butte County Fire Safe Council, including on
the Town’s Recovery Facebook page and other social
media accounts. The Town will also continue to
make fire safety resources available online, such as
the ember awareness checklist, disaster supplies kit
checklist, evacuation routes map and plan, and
defensible space brochures.

The Town will approach local community partners
about their interest in holding an annual fire
prevention and risk reduction day of awareness or
workshop that could be held during the NFPA
National Fire Prevention Week. Should there be
interest and feasibility, the Town will serve as a
connector and play a role in support, with one of the
Fire Safe Councils taking a more lead role.

Responsible Party: Planning and Fire
Funding Source: General Fund and TBD
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SG-9 UTILIZE PARADISE’S EXPERIENCES WITH WILDFIRE

TO ADVOCATE FOR STATE AND FEDERAL POLICIES

AND REGULATIONS THAT ASSIST IN CREATING

DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIES AND

FACILITATE POST-DISASTER RECOVERY
SP-68 Advocate for new sources of State or federal
financing for adaptation and resilience.

SP-69 Support the integration of disaster resilience
and hazard mitigation planning into existing
regional planning processes, including the
Regional Housing Needs Assessments.

SP-70 Explore funding mechanisms for climate
adaptation and fire resiliency, including but
not limited to special districts, impact fees, a
parcel tax, establishment of a regional
adaptation authority, or enabling the Butte
County Association of Governments to raise
revenue.

SP-71 Engage with insurance companies in the area
to identify ways to align insurance policies
and incentive programs with wildfire
mitigation priorities, such as allowing
policyholders to lower their rates through
home hardening and vegetation
management or other risk reduction
measures, or through programs such as
those mentioned in SP-67. Offer grants or
no-interest loans to low and moderateincome households to ensure the most vulnerable households are not left behind.

SP-72 Encourage local utilities to retain and
enhance lifeline programs for life sustaining
services such as water and electricity for
vulnerable populations, especially due to
hazards such as an increase in high heat ` and
the potential for related power disruptions.

Partner with utilities to provide education to
program participants and property owners to
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encourage retrofitting of appliances,
lighting, plumbing fixtures and landscaping
to reduce energy and water demand and
backup power for life-dependent in-home
medical equipment and devices.

SP-73 The Town will maintain and regularly update
its 2021 Federal Advocacy Platform as
recovery continues and more lessons are
learned.

SI-30 REGIONAL COLLABORATION
The Town will work with Butte County and its cities
to explore new sources of funding, such as
establishing a regional adaptation authority or
enabling the Butte County Association of
Governments to raise revenues. The Town will
continue to work with other jurisdictions on
implementing and maintaining collaborative plans
like the Butte County Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
(LHMP) and Butte County Community Wildfire
Protection Plan (CWPP). The Town will continue to
participate in cross-jurisdictional planning processes, especially should a Butte County climate action or
resiliency plan be instigated.

When feasible, Town staff who were/are integral to
Camp Fire recovery and emergency operations
should participate in professional development
events, including speaking on panels or participating
in roundtables, so that the Town can continue to
learn best practices and share their experience with
other jurisdictions. The Town will email its
Operations Playbook (see SI-18) with all other Butte
County jurisdictions to promote collaboration and
collective problem solving. The Town should
consider a press release and Q&A event for other
jurisdictions and agencies with the release of the
playbook to facilitate information-sharing.

Responsible Party: All departments, but especially Recovery Funding Source: General Fund
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
SI-31 ADVOCACY
The Town will maintain and implement its 2021
Federal Advocacy Platform. As the Town becomes
aware of potential fundings resources and/or State
legislation relevant to wildfire, the Town will share its experiences and continue to try to establish systems
and policies that can help other communities recover
from large wildfire events.

Town officials will reach out to local insurance
providers to gauge interest in a partnership to reform
property insurance. The intended reform would
incentivize private fire mitigation actions with a
program that allows policyholders to lower their
rates through home hardening and vegetation. The
Town will work with local, regional, and State level
organizations and politicians to scale up the program
should there be interest.

Responsible Party: Town Manager and Fire
Funding Source: General Fund/TBD
Implementation Schedule: Ongoing
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1 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE

VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
Prepared for:

Butte County
Development Services
Prepared by:

Molly Marcussen
2017-2018 CivicSpark Fellow
Updated by:

PlaceWorks
2040 Bancroft Way, Suite 400
Berkeley, CA 94704
July 2021
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2 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
Table of Contents
Executive Summary............................................................................................................................7

1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................8

1.1. Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Method.......................................................................8

1.2. Butte County Community Profile.................................................................................................14

1.3. Water Resources.........................................................................................................................16

1.3.1. Surface Water......................................................................................................................16

1.3.2. Groundwater.......................................................................................................................20

1.4. Cal-Adapt and Climate Change Projections.................................................................................22

2. Populations and Assets........................................................................................................23

2.1. Populations..................................................................................................................................23

2.2. Buildings and Infrastructure ........................................................................................................23

2.3. Economic Drivers.........................................................................................................................24

2.4. Ecosystems and Natural Resources.............................................................................................24

2.5. Key Services.................................................................................................................................25

3. Hazards of Concern ..............................................................................................................25

3.1. Primary Climate Stressors............................................................................................................26

3.1.1. Increase in Air Temperatures..............................................................................................26

3.1.2. Changes in Precipitation Patterns .......................................................................................26

3.2. Secondary Climate Hazards.........................................................................................................26

3.2.1. Agriculture and Forestry Pests and Diseases.......................................................................26

3.2.2. Drought ...............................................................................................................................27

3.2.3. Extreme Heat.......................................................................................................................27

3.2.4. Human Health Hazards........................................................................................................28

3.2.5. Severe Wind ........................................................................................................................28

3.2.6. Severe Storms......................................................................................................................29

3.2.7. Wildfire................................................................................................................................31

4. Potential Impacts.................................................................................................................33

4.1. Agriculture and Forestry Pests and Diseases...............................................................................33

4.2. Drought .......................................................................................................................................33

4.3. Extreme Heat...............................................................................................................................35

4.4. Human Health Hazards................................................................................................................39

4.5. Severe Wind ................................................................................................................................40

4.6. Severe Storms .............................................................................................................................40

4.7. Wildfire........................................................................................................................................42 152
3 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

5. Adaptive Capacity ................................................................................................................46

5.1. Agriculture and Forestry Pests and Diseases...............................................................................47

5.2. Drought .......................................................................................................................................47

5.3. Extreme Heat...............................................................................................................................49

5.4. Human Health Hazards................................................................................................................50

5.5. Severe Wind ................................................................................................................................50

5.6. Severe Storms .............................................................................................................................51

5.7. Wildfire........................................................................................................................................52

6. Conclusion...........................................................................................................................54

6.1. Key Findings.................................................................................................................................54

6.2. Recommendations ......................................................................................................................55

7. References...........................................................................................................................56 Appendix A: Countywide Climate Change Projections.......................................................................60 Appendix B: Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Results Matrix ..............................................61 Appendix C: Glossary .......................................................................................................................66

8. Endnotes .............................................................................................................................68 153
4 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
Tables
Table 1. Rubric for Impact Scoring..............................................................................................................12 Table 2. Rubric for Adaptive Capacity Scoring ............................................................................................13 Table 3. Vulnerability Scoring Matrix..........................................................................................................13 Table 4. Primary and Secondary Climate Stressors in Butte County ..........................................................25 Figures
Figure 1. California Adaptation Planning Guide Process ..............................................................................9 Figure 2. California Adaptation Planning Guide Vulnerability Assessment Method ....................................9 Figure 4: Surface Water Hydrology in Butte County...................................................................................19 Figure 5. Butte County Groundwater Subbasins ........................................................................................21 Figure 6. Butte County Fire Hazard Severity Zones ....................................................................................32 Figure 7. Map of Predicted Annual Temperature Average in 2050 under the RCP 8.5 Scenario in Relation to Critical Habitats in Butte County ............................................................................................................37 Figure 8. Map of Predicted Annual Temperature Average in 2090 Under the RCP 8.5 Scenario in Relation to Critical Habitats in Butte County ............................................................................................................38 Figure 9. Rural Communities Living in Wildfire Severity Zones..................................................................43 Figure 10. Wildland-Urban Interface Areas in Butte County ......................................................................44 154
5 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
Acronyms/Abbreviations
Acronym/Abbreviation Meaning
°F degrees Fahrenheit
AB Assembly Bill
APG California Adaptation Planning Guide
BCAQMD Butte County Air Quality Management District
CalOES California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services CAL FIRE California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection CAP Climate Action Plan
CEC California Energy Commission
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
GHG greenhouse gas
GSA Groundwater Sustainability Agency
GSP groundwater sustainability plan
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
LHMP Local Hazard Mitigation Plan
OEM Office of Emergency Management
PSPS Public Safety Power Shutoff
RCP Representative Concentration Pathway
SB Senate Bill
SGMA Sustainable Groundwater Management Act
WUI wildland-urban interface
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7 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
Executive Summary
In 2015, Senate Bill (SB) 379 was signed into law, establishing California Government Code Section 65302(g)(4), which states that local governments need to address climate adaptation and resilience in General Plan Safety Elements upon the next revision of a local hazard mitigation plan, or before 2022. The first step in meeting this requirement is conducting a Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment to identify the risks that climate change poses to a local jurisdiction and the populations and assets at highest risk from climate change. California Government Code Section 65302(g)(4) requires the following information to be included in the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment:

I. Information from the Internet-based Cal-Adapt tool.

II. Information from the most recent version of the California Adaptation Planning Guide.

III. Information from local agencies on the types of assets, resources, and populations that will be sensitive to various climate change exposures.

IV. Information from local agencies on their current ability to deal with the impacts of climate change.

V. Historical data on natural events and hazards, including locally prepared maps of areas subject to previous risk, areas that are vulnerable, and sites that have been repeatedly damaged.

VI. Existing and planned development in identified at-risk areas, including structures, roads, utilities, and essential public facilities.

VII. Federal, state, regional, and local agencies with responsibility for the protection of public health and safety and the environment, including special districts and local offices of emergency services.

Climate change is currently impacting Butte County, including contributing to major wildfires, and is projected to lead to more severe conditions in the future. Butte County Development Services staff saw an immediate need to meet SB 379 to ensure that the community could adapt and build resilience to the changing climate.

This Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment provides a qualitative analysis on how climate change may impact Butte County throughout the twenty-first century. Direct climate stressors in the county include an increase in average temperature and changes in annual precipitation patterns. Secondary climate stressors, or hazards, include agricultural pests and diseases, drought, extreme heat, human health hazards, severe wind, severe storms, and wildfire. Appendix A shows future climate projections for Butte County and Appendix B shows the full results of the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment. Appendix C is a glossary identifying key terms used in the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment.

Climate change hazards that create the highest vulnerabilities in Butte County include wildfire due to the heavily forested areas of eastern Butte County and limited access roads, followed by severe storms, severe wind, and extreme heat. The County’s frontline populations, energy and water infrastructure, agricultural economic drivers, and conifer forest ecosystems are among the most vulnerable to climate change hazards. As part of the General Plan Update process, this Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment will directly inform the goals, policies, and actions of the Health and Safety Element of the General Plan to help create a more resilient Butte County. 157
8 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

1.Introduction
Climate change is a long-term change in the average meteorological conditions in an area. Currently, the global climate is changing due to an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that trap heat near the Earth’s surface. While some levels of these gases are necessary to maintain a comfortable temperature on Earth, an increased concentration of these gases from human activity traps additional heat, changing Earth’s climate system in several ways. These effects can lead to an increase in frequency and intensity of climate change hazards, which, according to the California Adaptation Planning Guide (APG), have the potential to cause fatalities, injuries, property and infrastructure damage, interruption of business, and other types of harm or loss. These hazards can include agricultural pests and diseases, severe storms, wildfires, extreme heat, and drought conditions, among others. This Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment provides an overview of the primary and secondary climate stressors associated with climate change and identifies the hazards most likely to affect Butte County. The findings of the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment will be used to develop climate adaptation strategies that address these vulnerabilities and inform the update to the Butte County General Plan Health and Safety Element, meeting California Government Code Section 65302(g) requirements, as amended by SB 379.

Other important updates to Section 65302(g) of the California Government Code related to Safety Elements, climate change, and resiliency and addressed in the Butte County General Plan Update include SB 1035 and SB 99. SB 1035 builds on previous legislation and requires local governments to review and update as needed their Safety Element during an update to their Housing Element or Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) (or no less than every eight years). Any revisions should include updated information related to flood hazards, fire hazards, and climate adaptation and resilience. SB 99 established Section 65302(g)(5) of the California Government Code and requires jurisdictions to review and update the Safety Element to include information identifying residential developments in hazard areas that do not have at least two emergency evacuation routes. This vulnerability assessment, along with the update to the Safety Element, will help Butte County meet the state’s requirements, in addition to increasing consistency with the LHMP.

1.1. Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Method
The APG, developed by the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (CalOES), helps communities throughout California plan for and adapt to the impacts of climate change. The APG includes a four-phase process, shown in Figure 1, which allows jurisdictions to assess specific climate vulnerabilities and provides strategies to reduce climate-related risks and prepare for current and future impacts of climate change.
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9 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
Figure 1. California Adaptation Planning Guide Process
The first two phases in the APG (see Figure 1) result in a vulnerability assessment, which is an evaluation of climate change hazard impacts to populations and assets and the adaptive capacity of these populations and assets to prepare for, respond to, and recover from climate change hazards. The last two phases of the process use the information gathered in the vulnerability assessment to develop adaptation strategies and measures to help the community prepare for, respond to, and adapt to local climate change vulnerabilities, which is not included as part of this assessment. The second phase, Assess Vulnerability, is the focus of this report. This phase includes a four-step process: (1) characterizing the County’s exposure to current and projected climate hazards; (2) identifying potential sensitivities and potential impacts to County populations and assets; (3) evaluating the current ability of the populations and assets to cope with climate impacts, also referred to as its adaptive capacity; and (4) identifying priority vulnerabilities based on systematic scoring. These steps are shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2. California Adaptation Planning Guide Vulnerability Assessment Method

Step 1. Identify Exposure
Step 2. Identify Sensitivities & Potential Impacts
Step 3. Assess Adaptive Capacity
Step 4. Prioritize Vulnerability Scoring
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10 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Step 1: Identify Exposure. The goal of this step is to characterize the County’s exposure to current and projected climate change hazards. Many projections of climate change hazards rely on multiple scenarios that reflect different levels of how global GHG emissions and atmospheric GHG concentrations may change over time. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), an organization that represents the global scientific consensus about climate change, has identified four climate scenarios, also called Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), that can be used to project future conditions.

RCPs are labeled with different numbers (e.g., RCP 2.6, RCP 6) that refer to the increase in the amount of energy that reaches each square meter of Earth’s surface under that scenario. The four RCPs are:
• RCP 2.6: Under this scenario, global GHG emissions peak around 2020 and then decline quickly. • RCP 4.5: Under this scenario, global GHG emissions peak around 2040 and then decline. • RCP 6: Global emissions continue to rise until the middle of the century. • RCP 8.5: Global emissions continue to increase at least until the end of the century.

The Cal-Adapt database, which provides California-specific climate change hazard projections, uses RCP

4.5 for a low emissions scenario and RCP 8.5 for a high emissions scenario. The Governor’s Office of Planning and Research Planning and Investing for a Resilient California document and the APG recommend using RCP 8.5 for analyses considering impacts through 2050, as there are minimal differences between emission scenarios for the first half of the century. The APG also recommends using RCP 8.5 for late-century projections, for a more conservative and risk-adverse approach. The County used the RCP 8.5 GHG emission scenario results provided by the Cal-Adapt database and other resources for this assessment.

The first step of this Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment was to confirm which of the hazards are expected to take place at the local level in Butte County. The County identified seven climate change hazards for this assessment, listed here and discussed in more detail in Section 3.

1. Agricultural Pests and Diseases

2. Drought

3. Extreme Heat

4. Human Health Hazards

5. Severe Wind

6. Severe Storms

7. Wildfire
The climate change hazard data was derived from up-to-date information, including the Cal-Adapt database, the APG, the California 4th Climate Change Assessment, the California Geological Survey, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE), and the Butte County 2019 LHMP.

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11 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Step 2. Identify Sensitivities and Potential Impacts. This step included evaluating past and potential future climate change impacts to community populations and assets. The County first identified a list of populations and assets to include in the assessment with the following five
categories:

1. Populations: People that experience a heightened
risk and increased sensitivity to climate change and
have less capacity and fewer resources to adapt to or recover from climate impacts.

2. Infrastructure and Buildings: Structures that provide various services to Butte County community members and visitors.

3. Economic Drivers: Economic sectors and activities that make significant contributions to the Butte County economy.

4. Ecosystems and Natural Resources: Types of wild and natural lands within the County boundary.

5. Key Services: Important functions to community members provided by government agencies and private companies.

This list included 16 populations, 26 infrastructure and building types, 10 economic drivers, 7 ecosystems and
natural resources, and 8 key services. Once this list was confirmed, the County looked at which hazards are likely to affect which populations and assets, because not all
hazards would affect all populations or assets. For
example, human health hazards are likely to impact most populations, but it would not physically affect parks and open space or school buildings. The outcome of this step was a matrix that identified whether a population or asset is likely to be exposed to a hazard. If a population or asset has the potential to be affected directly or indirectly by a hazard, a “yes” was indicated in the appropriate box. Direct impacts affect buildings and infrastructure, health or populations, or immediate operations of economic drivers or community services, and they can lead to indirect impacts on the broader system or community, including populations or asset types in a different category. For example, severe wind can directly damage electrical transmission lines causing power outages, which can indirectly impact persons with chronic illnesses who depend on the electricity for life support systems. Therefore, both electrical transmission lines and persons with chronic illnesses were marked as “yes” for being affected by severe wind and would be evaluated in the assessment.

After the applicability review, the County evaluated potential impacts to the applicable populations and community assets. To identify how great the impacts of each relevant hazard are on the populations and community assets, the County considered a number of different questions that helped ensure the assessment broadly covered a range of potential harm. Examples of these questions include:
• Could the hazards cause injury or damage?
• Is there a risk of behavioral or mental harm, loss of economic activity, or other nonphysical effects?
• How many people or community assets could be harmed both directly and indirectly? • How long would the impacts persist?
Exposure: The presence of people,
infrastructure, natural systems, and
economic, cultural, and social resources
in areas that are subject to harm.

Impact: The effects (especially the
negative effects) of a hazard or other
conditions associated with climate
change.

Source: California Adaptation Planning Guide
Sensitivity: The level to which a species,
natural system, or community,
government, etc., would be affected by
changing climate conditions.

Source: California Adaptation Planning Guide
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12 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT • Is there a substantial chance of death or widespread destruction? Based on the results of the impact assessment, the County ranked each population and asset low, medium, or high for each relevant hazard. Impact is considered a negative quality, and therefore a higher impact score means that there is a higher potential for harm to a population or asset. A lower impact score means that there is a lower potential for harm to a population or asset. Table 1 provides more detail about what each score means.

Table 1. Rubric for Impact Scoring
Impact
Score Meaning (People and Ecosystems) Meaning (Buildings, Infrastructure, Services, and Economic Drivers) Low Impact
Community members may not notice any
change. If noticed, effect would be minor with
only occasional disruptions.

Damage, interruption in service, or impacts on
the local economy is small or intermittent
enough to mostly go unnoticed. If noticed,
effects are only minor.

Medium
Impact
There is a marked impact to the community.

Quality of life may decline. Impacts may be
chronic, and at times substantial.

Damage, service interruptions, and other
impacts are clearly evident. Impacts may be
chronic and occasionally substantial.

High Impact
The well-being of the community declines
significantly. The community’s current lifestyle
and behavior may no longer be possible. There
is a severe risk of widespread injury or death to
people, or of significant or total ecosystem loss.

Buildings, infrastructure, and services often or
always cannot function as intended or needed
to meet community demand. Large sections of
the economy experience major hardships or are
not feasible.

Step 3. Assess Adaptive Capacity. Adaptive capacity is the ability of populations and community assets to prepare for, respond to, and recover from the impacts of climate
change. Each population and asset were evaluated for
adaptive capacity by considering the following questions:

1. Are there existing programs, policies, or funding to provide assistance?

2. Are there barriers that limit response of recovery?
Are these barriers, financial limitations, political
challenges, lack of access to technology or other
resources?

3. Do alternatives exist in or near Butte County that community members can use? Based on the results of the adaptive capacity assessment, the County ranked each population or asset as low, medium, or high adaptive capacity. Adaptive capacity is considered a positive attribute, so a higher adaptive capacity score will mean that a population or asset may be more adaptable to the hazard. A lower adaptive capacity score means that a population or asset may have a harder time adjusting to the changing conditions. Table 2 provides more detail about what each score means.

Adaptive Capacity: The “combination of
the strengths, attributes, and resources
available to an individual, community,
society, or organization that can be
used to prepare for and undertake
actions to reduce adverse impacts,
moderate harm, or exploit beneficial
opportunities.”
Source: California Adaptation Planning Guide
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13 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Table 2. Rubric for Adaptive Capacity Scoring
Adaptive Capacity Score Meaning
Low Adaptive Capacity
Adaptive solutions are available, but they are expensive, technologically difficult, and/or politically unpopular. Alternatives may not exist that can provide similar services. Some assets may not have feasible means to adapt.

Medium Adaptive
Capacity
Some adaptation methods are available, but not always feasible. Adapting may create significant challenges for some sensitivities. Some alternatives exist within the jurisdiction area that can provide similar services.

High Adaptive Capacity
Adaptation solutions are feasible for most or all sensitivities. There may be occasional or small-scale challenges to implementing adaptation methods, but populations and assets can adapt with little or no effort. Many alternatives exist in the area that can provide similar services.

Step 4. Prioritize Vulnerability Scoring. The County used the impact and adaptive capacity scores for each
population and asset for each relevant hazard to
determine the vulnerability score. The vulnerability score reflects how susceptible a population or asset is to harm from a particular hazard. Vulnerability is assessed on a scale of low, medium, and high. Low vulnerability does not mean that the population or asset will be unaffected by climate change, but that the effects are likely to be less substantial. The matrix in Table 3 shows how impact and adaptive capacity scores combine and translate into a
vulnerability score. For example, extreme heat would create a high impact on energy delivery services by damaging electrical infrastructure and potentially exceeding the available electrical supply as mechanical failures, heat damage, and high demand for electricity from cooling equipment, can disrupt service.

Adaptive capacity is low because many County residents need to use more electricity on extreme heat days to keep cool and because retrofitting electrical equipment can be expensive. Therefore, energy delivery services have a high vulnerability to extreme heat.

Table 3. Vulnerability Scoring Matrix
Low Impact Medium Impact High Impact
Low Adaptive Capacity Medium High High
Medium Adaptive Capacity Low Medium High
High Adaptive Capacity Low Low Medium
Vulnerability: The degree to which
natural, built, and human systems are
susceptible “…to harm from exposure to
stresses associated with environmental
and social change and from the absence
of capacity to adapt.”
Source: California Adaptation Planning Guide
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14 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

1.2. Butte County Community Profile
Located in Northern California, unincorporated Butte County has an area of approximately 1,680 square miles within the northeastern end of the Sacramento Valley extending east into the northern Sierra Nevada foothills. Butte County is a predominantly rural area; urban land makes up less than 5 percent of the total county area. Weather is generally temperate and warm, with hot, dry summers and cold, wet winters. The historic average minimum annual temperature is 44.6 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) and historic average maximum annual temperature is 71°F (Cal-Adapt 2018).

Homes and businesses are dispersed throughout the unincorporated county, resulting in transportation activity that is typical for a rural unincorporated county. Given the distribution of homes, businesses, and daily activities, driving in personal vehicles is common. Several unincorporated communities in eastern Butte County are located on single access and rural roadways.

Agriculture is a strong and growing sector of the Butte County economy and according to the 2019 Butte County Crop & Livestock Report, agriculture occupied about 425,000 acres of county land in 2019. Butte County’s gross 2019 agricultural production totaled $688,369,916. Walnuts, almonds, and rice crops are the highest-value crop types grown in Butte County. Generally, agricultural activity has been shifting from field crops to higher-value nut crops that typically require less water and fertilizer. Figure 3 shows agricultural lands within Butte County.

The primary crops grown in Butte County are rice, fruits, and nuts, with rice crops covering approximately 96,772 acres and fruit and nut orchards covering approximately 108,113 acres. Almonds (39,205 acres), walnuts (56,312 acres), and prunes (7,100 acres) are the primary orchard crops. Decreases in prune acreage and, to a lesser extent, other trees and vines (e.g., olives, peaches and nectarines, kiwis, pistachios, pears, and cherries) has been offset by increases in walnuts. Other agricultural activities include alfalfa crops (727 acres) and raising cattle (with pasture covering 207,000 acres). Acreages for grain and other crops have decreased substantially over time, while pasture and alfalfa acreage has increased. Approximately 16,000 head of cattle and sheep support the livestock industry, and 68,484,000 board feet of timber was harvested in 2019 (Butte County Department of Agriculture, Weights, and Measures 2019).
164
15 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Figure 3. Agricultural Lands in Butte County
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16 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

1.3. Water Resources
The following sections describe the water resources providing water to domestic and agricultural users locally, and to the rest of the state through Lake Oroville and the State Water Project.

1.3.1. Surface Water
Water districts, irrigators, private well owners, and municipal utilities in Butte County rely on snowmelt, originating in the Sierra Nevada, as well as precipitation as a key source of surface water. The Feather River, Big Chico Creek, Little Chico Creek, and many other creeks and streams provide municipal, agricultural, domestic, aquatic habitat, and recreational water uses for the County. The flow-regimes of these rivers and streams depend on spring and summer snowmelt originating from the Sierra Nevada runoff from precipitation as well as groundwater flows. The ability of snowpack to retain water and release it gradually is fundamental to water supply planning in the County and throughout the state.

Figure 4 shows the principal entry points to Butte County for surface water and the major channels, natural and modified, by which water flows through the county (Butte County Department of Water and Resources Conservation 2016). The principal waterways originating outside the County are:
• The Sacramento River
• The Feather River. The North, Middle, and South Forks originate outside Butte County and, together with the West Branch, supply water to Lake Oroville with a portion of flow routed through the Thermalito Forebay and Afterbay facilities to generate hydropower and deliver irrigation water supply, with the remaining water returning to the Feather River. • Big Chico Creek
• Butte Creek
• Pine Creek
Runoff within the County also contributes to the flows in these waterways. These waterways represent the major streams, water supply, and drainage features in the county, including:

Natural Waterways
• The West Branch of the Feather River. The West Branch joins the forks originating outside the county and supplies water to Lake Oroville and then to Thermalito Forebay and Afterbay.

Diversions are additionally made by the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) to Butte Creek. • Little Chico Creek
• Rock Creek
• Dry Creek
• Little Dry Creek
• Clear Creek
• Angel Slough
• Wyandotte Creek
• Honcut Creek

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17 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Supply Canals
• Western Main Canal
• Western Lateral 374
• Richvale Main Canal
• Sutter Butte Canal
• Minderman Canal
• Biggs-West Gridley Main Canal
Flood Control Channels
• Cherokee Canal
• Lindo Channel (Sandy Gulch)
• Sycamore Bypass Channel
Water is distributed from Thermalito Afterbay to canals serving multiple users, including Western Canal Water District and the Joint Districts. The Joint Districts include Richvale Irrigation District, Biggs-West Gridley Water District, Butte Water District, and Sutter Extension Water District.

Water from the west branch of the Feather River is diverted to the Toadtown Canal for power generation by PG&E, where it also provides cold water for fish. The Butte Canal carries Toadtown Canal and Butte Creek water to the De Sabla power plant forebay. Hydropower is also generated at several other locations. Operations at these sites affect the timing of water releases. At Lake Oroville, Thermalito, Toadtown, and De Sabla Centerville, water for power generation is transferred from the Feather River watershed to the Butte Creek watershed (Butte County Department of Water and Resources Conservation 2016).

Average monthly flows for the Sacramento River are highest between January and March, reflecting runoff from precipitation on the valley floor, planned reservoir releases, and reservoir spillage in some years. Flows are sustained through July or August and even into November, as water is released from storage in Lake Shasta. In contrast, unimpaired flows from the Feather River, Butte Creek, and Big Chico Creek are highest between approximately February and May, as a result of runoff from snowmelt. These flows decrease greatly between May and July once the snow has melted. If the snowpack melts earlier, it could affect Feather River, Sacramento River, Butte Creek, Big Chico Creek, and other local creeks and streams that support the spring and winter Chinook salmon runs.

Local agencies in Butte County have entered into several contracts with the Department of Water Resources to retain their water rights which they held prior to the construction of Oroville Dam. Water rights settlement agreements were executed with the Joint Water District Boards (555,000 acre-feet) and Western Canal Water District (295,000 acre-feet) to settle protests over the construction of State Water Project facilities in Oroville. Under these agreements, the California Department of Water Resources provides the districts with water supply from Lake Oroville in exchange for the districts’ individual water rights (Butte County Department of Water and Resources Conservation 2016). The delivery of water under these agreements may be curtailed if inflows into Lake Oroville do not meet specific targets by April 1st of each year. Under these circumstances, the Department of Water Resource could curtail water deliveries by no more than 50% in any one year and no more than 100% over a seven-year period. 167
18 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Climate change may increase the variability between wet and dry months and the county will likely experience drought-like conditions, reducing overall water supply (Butte County Department of Water and Resources Conservation 2016). Climate change projections in the draft Butte Subbasin Groundwater Sustainability Plan assumes an increase in the frequency of curtailments over the next twenty years.

Groundwater Sustainability Plans are being prepared pursuant to the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act and are described in the Groundwater Section. 168
19 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Figure 4: Surface Water Hydrology in Butte County
169
20 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

1.3.2. Groundwater
Groundwater is directly linked to surface water in the county and snowmelt in the Sierra Nevada; therefore, increased average temperatures and changes in the timing and amounts of precipitation in the form of rain and snow could affect local aquifer recharge for groundwater supplies (DWR 2019). Butte County overlays a portion of the Sacramento Valley Groundwater Basin and is made up of three subbasins: Vina Subbasin, Butte Subbasin, and the Wyandotte Creek Subbasin (see Figure 5). While there is no single source of groundwater recharge, according to the studies (e.g., Lower Tuscan Aquifer Study, Isotope Recharge Study) conducted by the Butte County Department of Water and Resource Conservation, different parts of the basin are recharged from one or more of the following sources:
• Rainfall on the Lower Foothills
• Creeks
• Rivers
• Irrigation water
• Local rainfall on the Valley Floor
Butte County monitors groundwater conditions under the Groundwater Conservation Ordinance passed in 1996. The Ordinance requires that the County monitor groundwater levels, saltwater intrusion, and land subsidence quarterly. An annual groundwater status report is presented to the Butte County Board of Supervisors. Groundwater use typically increases during years characterized as dry and critical water years, or droughts. The most significant concern about increased groundwater use is the lowering of groundwater levels in the Vina and Wyandotte subbasins of the Sacramento Valley groundwater basin.

Drought conditions exacerbate groundwater level declines due to reduced percolation (potential recharge) and increased groundwater pumping (Butte County Department of Water and Resources Conservation 2018). Under the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, the groundwater sustainability plans for the three subbasins in Butte County will implement projects and actions to ensure that groundwater conditions will operate within a sustainable yield to avoid undesirable results for groundwater users.

The primary climate variable affecting water conditions in the county is inter-annual differences in precipitation and snowfall. Variability from year-to-year impacts both the availability of surface water to meet demands and the amount of pumping required to meet crop irrigation requirements. In the future, temperatures are likely to increase as a result of climate change, resulting in less snowpack in the Feather River watershed as well as earlier runoff. These changes will make existing surface water supplies less reliable, increasing the need to rely on groundwater to meet demands.

Butte County is currently addressing groundwater conservation through the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA), which went into effect in January 2015. One of the key principles of SGMA is that each groundwater basin has unique characteristics and challenges; therefore, groundwater is best managed at the local level, and local agencies should have the tools they need to sustainably manage their resources (Butte County Department of Water and Resources Conservation 2016). To avoid state intervention, groundwater sustainability agencies were formed before June 2017 and these agencies are currently implementing groundwater sustainability plans (GSPs) that will bring the basin into sustainability in the next 20 years. The components of GSPs are subject to regulations adopted by the California Department of Water Resources. A water budget with potential use of a groundwater model is a required component of a GSP. GSPs establish the sustainable yield of the basin and identify regulatory and nonregulatory actions that will be taken to achieve sustainability by 2042. 170
21 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Figure 5. Butte County Groundwater Subbasins
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22 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

1.4. Cal-Adapt and Climate Change Projections
As directed by the APG, data needed to prepare the vulnerability assessment is available through several sources, with Cal-Adapt being one of the main sources. Cal-Adapt is a Web-based climate change scenario planning tool developed by the California Energy Commission (CEC) and the University of California, Berkeley, Geospatial Innovation Facility. The data available on this website offers a view of how climate change will likely affect Butte County at the local level. Climate projections included in this Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment include an average of four models representing Warm/Drier (HadGEM2- ES), Cooler/Wetter (CNRM-CM5), Average (CanESM2), and Complement (MIROC5) models. Cal-Adapt provides projections using two RCPs, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, which project different possible future GHG emission scenarios. This Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment uses the recommended RCP 8.5 scenario in the APG, which represents a business-as-usual, sometimes called a “worst-case,” scenario.

For the purposes of this assessment, climate change effects are characterized for two milestone years:
midcentury (2050) and end of the century (2090). This data was downloaded from Cal-Adapt using the Butte County boundary. Projections for 2050 include an average of the years 2040 to 2060, and projections for 2090 include an average of the years 2070 to 2099. Historic data includes an average of the years 1961 to 1990.

Over the long term, these climate change impacts create the potential for a wide variety of consequences, including human health and safety risks, economic disruptions, diminished water supply, shifts in ecosystem function and habitat qualities, as well as difficulties with the provision of basic services such as utilities. 172
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2.Populations and Assets
Populations and assets are the people, infrastructure, services, and economic drivers in Butte County that can be affected by climate change. The Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment looks at how each population and community asset has been and will continue to be affected by each of the climate change hazards discussed in Section 3. The APG provides a general list of populations and assets, which Butte County refined and used to develop five distinct asset categories: (1) populations, (2) buildings and infrastructure, (3) economic drivers, (4) ecosystems and natural resources, and (5) key services. The following sections describe the populations and assets included in each of the five categories.

2.1. Populations
The Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment evaluated 19 populations that may be disproportionately harmed by climate change hazards. These populations have financial, age, mobility, health, or other characteristics that make them more vulnerable to hazardous events. Butte County gathered data for many populations listed from the 2021 Settings and Trends Report, the California Native American Heritage Commission, the Healthy Places Index, and the 2019 Point-in-Time Count for Butte County. The following populations were included in the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment:
• Children
• Cost-burdened households
• Households in poverty
• Immigrant communities
• Linguistically isolated persons
• Low-income households
• Low-resourced ethnic minorities
• Overcrowded households
• Outdoor workers
• Persons experiencing homelessness
• Indigenous peoples and tribal nations
• Persons living in mobile homes
• Communities on single access roads
• Persons with disabilities and/or chronic
illnesses
• Persons without access to lifelines
• Renters
• Seniors
• Seniors living alone
• Students

2.2. Buildings and Infrastructure
The Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment assessed the vulnerability of 26 different types of buildings and infrastructure in the County. These infrastructure categories help daily activities, economic drivers, community services, and emergency response events. Several of these assets support the transportation network, energy delivery, water and wastewater services, and recreation and tourism activities. The infrastructure section of the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment focuses on the physical effects of climate change hazards on infrastructure itself instead of the services or economic activity they provide.

The County derived information on buildings and infrastructure from local, state, and federal agencies.

The following building and infrastructure assets were included in the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment:
• Airports
• Bridges and tunnels
• Communication facilities
• Community centers and libraries
• Dams
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24 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT • Electrical transmission infrastructure
(substations and power lines)
• Emergency operation buildings
• Evacuation and cooling centers
• Flood control infrastructure (levees,
dikes, etc.)
• Government administrative facilities
• Hazardous materials sites
• Hiking and biking trails
• Homes and residential structures
• Hospitals and medical facilities
• Major roads and highways
• Natural gas pipelines
• Parks and open space
• Power plants
• Public safety buildings
• Railways
• Schools
• Single access, rural, and minor roads
• Solid waste facilities and landfills
• Transit facilities
• Water and wastewater infrastructure
• Waterway infrastructure

2.3. Economic Drivers
The Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment evaluated the vulnerability of 10 distinct economic drivers in Butte County. These economic assets include three separate agricultural-based sectors, major employment industries, and recreation and tourism on regional, state, and federal lands. The County obtained information on economic drivers from the 2019 Butte County Crop Report and the 2019 to 2020 Butte County Comprehensive Annual Financial Report. The following economic driver assets were included in the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment:
• Agriculture
• Construction
• Education
• Healthcare
• Livestock
• Manufacturing
• Regional recreation and tourism
• Rice-growing areas
• State and federal land recreation and
tourism
• Timber production

2.4. Ecosystems and Natural Resources
There are eight primary ecosystems in Butte County, although many can be subdivided into specific habitats. The Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment analyzes these seven ecosystems. The ecosystems and natural resources section of the vulnerability assessment focuses on the how the plants and wildlife in ecosystems are likely to be affected by climate change hazards and the current ability of these systems to adapt to changing conditions. The primary resource for this analysis is the 2021 Settings and Trends Report, Biological Resources chapter. The following ecosystems and natural resources were included in the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment:
• Conifer forest
• Oak woodland
• Riparian woodland
• Chaparral
• Annual grassland
• Open water: reservoirs, ponds, drainages
• Wetlands
• Pacific Flyway
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2.5. Key Services
The Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment assessed the vulnerability of eight different types of services in the county. These key service categories provide essential goods, utilities, and services to residents and visitors in the county. These services are provided by public and private agencies, as well as volunteer organizations. The key services section of the vulnerability assessment focuses on the actions and services provided in these categories instead of the physical buildings and infrastructure that support the services. The following key services were included in the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment:
• Communication services
• Emergency medical response
• Energy delivery
• Vital goods delivery
• Government administration
• Public safety response
• Public transit access
• Water and wastewater

3.Hazards of Concern
The first step in the vulnerability assessment is to identify the climate change hazards projected for Butte County. Based on the Cal-Adapt projections and information obtained from the APG; the California Fourth Climate Change Assessment; the 2019 Butte County LHMP; and the 2021 Setting and Trends Report, “Hazards and Safety” chapter, direct climate stressors to Butte County include changes in air temperature and annual precipitation. Secondary climate stressors, also known as climate change hazards, include agriculture and forestry pests and diseases, drought, extreme heat, human health hazards, severe wind, severe storms, and wildfire. The Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment focuses on the climate change hazards, as shown in Table 4, as these will directly affect populations and assets within the County. The following sections describe the primary climate stressors and secondary climate change hazards likely to occur within Butte County.

Table 4. Primary and Secondary Climate Stressors in Butte County Primary Climate Stressors Secondary Climate Stressors
Increase in air temperature
Agriculture and forestry pests and diseases
Extreme heat
Human health hazards
Wildfire
Changes in precipitation patterns
Drought
Severe wind
Severe storms (flooding and landslides)
Wildfire
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3.1. Primary Climate Stressors

3.1.1. Increase in Air Temperatures
Annual average air temperatures in Butte County are projected to rise substantially during the next century, compared to historic levels, as global temperatures continue to rise (Houlton 2018). This is measured through annual average minimum and maximum temperatures. Butte County’s historical (1961 to 1990) average maximum temperature is 71°F (Cal-Adapt 2018). Butte County’s average annual maximum temperature is projected increase to 76.4°F by 2050 and 80.1°F by 2090 (Cal-Adapt 2018).

Butte County’s annual average minimum temperature is also projected to increase throughout the century. Historically, average annual minimum temperature was 44.6°F (Cal-Adapt 2018). The annual average minimum temperature is projected to increase to 49.5°F by 2050 and to 53.3°F by 2090 (CalAdapt 2018).

The increase in annual average temperatures is expected to create or worsen hazards throughout the County, such as agriculture and forestry pests and diseases, extreme heat, human health hazards, and wildfire. Increasing temperatures will increase evapotranspiration rates in plants, increasing the water demand for crops in the County. These secondary hazards are discussed in more detail in Section 3.2.

3.1.2. Changes in Precipitation Patterns
Global climate change will affect physical processes and conditions beyond average temperatures. For example, historic precipitation patterns could be altered. Rainfall and the winter snowpack in the Sierra Nevada range provides significant surface water flows and groundwater recharge as water drains through the County. While Cal-Adapt projections show minimal changes in total annual precipitation in California, even slight changes could have a dramatic effect on California’s ecosystems, which are conditioned to historic precipitation levels (CalOES 2020). It is anticipated that climate change would lead to an increase in the frequency and intensity of storms, meaning more precipitation may fall in fewer storms throughout the year. This may also result in more frequent and prolonged periods of drought (Bedsworth et al. 2018).

According to Cal-Adapt, historical annual average precipitation was approximately 52.3 inches throughout Butte County. Precipitation is expected to vary over the course of the century, with an annual average of

47.2 inches by 2050 and an annual average of 50.8 inches by 2099 (Cal-Adapt 2018).

Changes in precipitation can directly and indirectly cause or worsen hazards in the County, such as drought, severe wind, severe storms, and wildfire. These secondary hazards are discussed in more detail in Section 3.2.

3.2. Secondary Climate Hazards

3.2.1. Agriculture and Forestry Pests and Diseases
According to the 2019 Butte County Crop Report, agricultural production and timber harvesting had total gross production of over $688 million in 2019, with walnuts being the largest grossing crop. Agricultural and forestry pests and diseases can affect crop plants, forests, and livestock throughout Butte County.

This hazard is measured by the occurrence of pests and diseases, which is likely to increase as higher temperatures allow for insects to reproduce more rapidly. 176
27 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT These pests and diseases, such as fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica), gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar dispar), glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis), Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), European grapevine moths (Lobesia botrana), fir engraver beetle (Scolytus ventralis), white-fir sawfly (Neodiprion), fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea), black stain root disease, and heterobasidion root disease, can cause plants and animals to grow more slowly, damage them so that their products are less appealing and harder to sell, or even kill them (California Climate and Agricultural Network 2019). Many pests and organisms that carry diseases are most active during warmer months, so the threat of infection or infestation can be higher during this time of year. Temperatures are expected to get warmer earlier in the year and remain warmer until later in the year due to climate change, creating a wider activity window for pests and diseases.

3.2.2. Drought
A drought occurs when conditions are drier than normal for a long period of time, making less water available for people, agricultural uses, and ecosystems. Droughts are a regular occurrence in California and are measured by the timing and length of drought. However, in the past 50 years, there have been four major statewide droughts, plus smaller regional droughts (CalOES 2018). Due to changes in precipitation patterns discussed in Section 3.1.2, droughts will likely last longer and occur more frequently due to more variability in precipitation extremes. Baseflow in rivers and creeks is projected to decline significantly. Historic annual average baseflow in rivers and creeks in Butte County was 12.2 inches, which is projected to decrease to an annual average of 8.1 inches during a mid-century drought and an annual average of 7.4 inches during a late-century drought.

Changes in weather patterns resulting from increases in global average temperature could result in a decrease in the total amount of precipitation falling as snow, leading to a loss in snowpack. Projections show an overall reduction of snowpack in the Sierra Nevada (Cal-Adapt 2018). Based on historical data and climate projections, State studies indicate that the Sierra Nevada snowpack will decrease by more than a third from its historic average by 2050 and decrease 50 percent to 66 percent or more by 2100 (DWR 2008; Bedsworth et al. 2018 2013).

The historic average snow water equivalent, a common measurement of snowpack, for Butte County was

1.9 inches (Cal-Adapt 2018). By 2050, the average annual snow water equivalence is projected to be 0.5 inches and by 2100 the average annual snow water equivalence is projected to be 0.1 inches (Cal-Adapt 2018).

3.2.3. Extreme Heat
Extreme heat occurs when temperatures rise significantly above normal levels and is measured by the number of extreme heat events per year and heat wave duration. “Extreme heat” is a relative term— temperatures of 100°F are normal in locations like Palm Springs, but almost unprecedented in Truckee.

An extreme heat day in Butte County is where temperatures reach at least 100.1°F (Cal-Adapt 2018).

Although temperatures are typically lower at higher elevations in the county, it is still dangerous when temperatures are higher than usual for people and assets that are not accustomed to them and may not have the resources to cope with the warmer temperatures.

Butte County historically experiences an average of five extreme heat days a year. Climate change is already increasing the number of extreme heat days in Butte County substantially. Butte County is projected to experience an average of 29 extreme heat days per year by 2050 and 59 extreme heat days per year by 2090 (Cal-Adapt 2018).
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28 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT High temperatures can also occur during the night, as temperatures may not cool off and provide relief from the heat. A warm night in Butte County is when temperatures exceed 64.8°F (Cal-Adapt 2018).

Historically, Butte County experienced 4 warm nights per year, which is projected to increase to 33 warm nights per year by 2050 and 76 warm nights per year by 2090 (Cal-Adapt 2018).

When extreme temperatures are experienced over a period of four or more days, the State’s Cal-Adapt database defines these as heat waves.

3.2.4. Human Health Hazards
Human health hazards are bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other organisms that can cause diseases and illness in people. Some of these diseases may only cause a mild inconvenience, but others are potentially life threatening. Examples include hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Lyme disease, West Nile virus, and influenza, which can be debilitating or fatal for some of the population. These diseases are carried by animals such as mice and rats, ticks, and mosquitos, which are usually seen as pests even if they do not cause infections.

Similar to agriculture and forestry pests and diseases, changes in temperature and precipitation can increase the rates of infections because many of the animals that carry diseases are more active during warmer weather. Warmer temperatures earlier in the spring and later in the winter can cause these animals to be active for longer periods, increasing the time for the disease to be transmitted. Warmer temperatures and higher levels of rainfall lead to increased populations of animals such as mosquitos, rodents, and ticks, creating a greater risk of diseases carried by these animals.

3.2.5. Severe Wind
Severe wind in Butte County is defined as sustained wind speeds exceeding 40 miles per hour and lasting for one hour or longer, or winds of 58 miles per hour for any duration (Butte County 2019). These winds can occur seasonally or as part of a severe weather event, such as a thunderstorm. The entire county has historically been subject to severe winds, from high winds in the mountain areas of the County to tornadoes in the valley portion of the county. Severe wind or tornado events occur approximately every

3.3 years according to historic records (Butte County 2019). The climate science surrounding wind is less certain; however, the intensity of individual thunderstorm events is likely to increase throughout the century, which may bring stronger thunderstorm winds (Butte County 2019). Severe wind can damage or destroy buildings, knock over trees, damage power lines and electrical equipment, and exacerbate wildfire conditions, as seen during Butte County’s 2018 Camp Fire (see Section 3.2.7).

Climate change is already increasing the number of extreme heat days in Butte County substantially. Butte County experienced an average of 11 extreme heat days per year from 2010 to 2016, including 26 extreme heat days in 2015. 178
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3.2.6. Severe Storms
Climate change is projected to alter the frequency, intensity, and duration of severe storm events, with sustained periods of heavy precipitation and increased rainfall. Precipitation patterns may have more intense characteristics, such as a high volume of rain falling over a shorter period of time. These storms may produce higher volumes of runoff and contribute to an increased risk of flooding. These projected changes could lead to increased flood magnitude and flooding frequency (Bedsworth et al. 2018). Several factors determine the severity of floods, including rainfall intensity, duration, and localized drainage characteristics. Flash floods occur when a large amount of rain falls over a brief period of time. Currently, the county experiences localized flooding in several areas.

When the Sacramento River and Feather River reach their peak capacity, Big Chico Creek and the other tributaries that flow into these river systems cannot discharge at a normal rate. These conditions can cause tributaries to overflow and flood.

Butte County is susceptible to various types of flood events: riverine, flash, and localized stormwater flooding (Butte County 2019). Butte County includes numerous watersheds as well as several watersheds that drain into Butte County from surrounding counties. The County has assessed its flooding hazards as part of the Butte County LHMP. According to the LHMP, the following are the principal areas subject to flooding in Butte County:
• Butte Creek
• Little Chico Creek
• Little Chico Creek Diversion
• Mud Creek
• Ruddy Creek and Ruddy Creek Tributary
• Sycamore Creek
• Wyman Ravine and Tributaries
• Comanche Creek
In addition to these streams, flooding in Rock Creek and Keefer Slough, located north of Chico, regularly occurs. These floods inundate State Route 99, State Route 32, and several county roadways, as well as impact extensive residential and agricultural areas in and around the North Chico area and the unincorporated community of Nord. The Dry Creek-Cherokee Canal poses a flood risk to the Richvale area, including rice research grounds and rice storage and chemical storage facilities (Butte County 2010).

Factors that directly affect the amount of flood runoff include precipitation quantity, intensity and distribution, the amount of soil moisture, seasonal variations in vegetation, snow depth in headwater regimes, and impermeability of developed surfaces, development patterns, building and infrastructure material choices, and project designs. The placement and integrity of existing levees, as well as reservoir operation for flood control, are also important factors. Intense storms may overwhelm local waterways, as well as threaten the integrity of flood-control structures (Butte County 2019).

The precipitation that will fall may have more intense characteristics, such as high volume of rain falling over a shorter period of time and stronger, more destructive wind patterns.
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30 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Heavy rainfall can also cause landslides in the mountain areas of the county. Hillsides commonly absorb water, which increases instability of the slope, leading to increased slope failure. Steep slopes made up of loose or fractured material are more likely to slide. In some cases, the hillsides can become so saturated that slope failures can result in a mudslide (a mixture of soil and water moving downslope). Landslides and mudslides can move fast enough to damage or destroy buildings or other structures in their path, block roads or railways, and injure or kill people caught in them.

Butte County is also susceptible to localized stormwater flooding, where stormwater runoff exceeds the rate of drainage. Stormwater flooding occurs during periods of severe weather and unusually high amounts of rainfall, and where stormwater infrastructure is physically impaired or inadequate. This kind of flooding event typically occurs in urbanized areas with expanses of impervious surfaces.

During a large flooding event, some areas of the County may be vulnerable to levee and dam failure. Dam and levee failure-related flooding would vary in the planning area depending on which structure fails and the nature and extent of the failure and associated flooding. This flooding presents a threat to life and property, including buildings, their contents, and their use. Large flood events can affect lifeline utilities (e.g., water, sewerage, and power), transportation, jobs, tourism, the environment, agricultural industry, and the local and regional economies (Butte County 2019).

Butte County is home to Lake Oroville, which releases water into the Feather River before joining with the Sacramento River. Eventually, the water flows into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta where the State Water Project’s California Aqueduct diverts freshwater to the San Joaquin Valley for irrigation as well as contributing it to municipal and industrial water supplies in Southern California. Lake Oroville is a critical component of supplying water locally and throughout the state.

In February 2017, a record high rainfall event took place in Butte County. An infrastructure failure caused significant damage to Oroville Dam’s main spillway, which led to reduced releases and resulted in Lake Oroville reaching its maximum capacity. The emergency spillway was activated for the first time since its construction. Due to the potential infrastructure failure of the emergency spillway, 188,000 people in the region were evacuated. Southern Butte County experienced flooding during this event, temporarily displacing many families. Most of this flooding was a result of infrastructure failure rather than the dam’s inability to hold that much water. Climate change is expected to cause more frequent, extreme rainfall events such as the one that occurred in February 2017. If an event like this happened again, southern Butte County residents could be at risk of flooding.

Severe storms can also include severe winter weather, hail, and lightning. Severe winter weather includes blizzards, ice storms, and extreme cold. Blizzards and ice storms can damage buildings and other structures, knock over electricity lines and trees, and block roadways. Ice can form on roadways and paths, creating slippery conditions that make it difficult or even hazardous to get around, especially for visitors who may not be used to icy conditions. Very cold temperatures create a health risk for people who are exposed to them, including the possibility of trench foot, frostbite, or hypothermia. Hail can damage buildings and plants (and in extreme cases injure people), and lightning can spark fires, injure people, or cause fatalities.
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3.2.7. Wildfire
Rising temperatures combined with changes in precipitation patterns and reduced vegetation moisture content can lead to a secondary climate impact: an increase in the frequency and intensity of wildfires.

Changes in precipitation patterns and increased temperatures associated with climate change alter the distribution and character of natural vegetation and associated moisture content of plants and soils (CNRA 2012b:11). Increased temperatures increase the rate of evapotranspiration in plants, resulting in a greater presence of dry fuels in forests and creating a higher potential for wildfires (CNRA 2012b).

In addition to property damage and loss of life, increased wildfire activity across the western United States in recent decades has contributed to widespread forest mortality, carbon emissions, periods of degraded air quality, and substantial fire suppression expenditures. Although numerous factors aided the recent rise in fire activity, observed warming and drying have significantly increased fire-season fuel aridity, fostering a more favorable fire environment across forested systems. On October 11, 2016, the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reported that climate change has contributed to over half of the documented increases in fuel aridity since the 1970s and doubled the cumulative forest fire area since 1984. This analysis suggests that climate change will continue to contribute to the potential for western U.S. forest fire activity where fuels are abundant. A description of the devastating 2018 Camp Fire and 2020 North Complex Fire can be found in the “Hazards and Safety” chapter of the 2021 Butte County Setting and Trends Report.

According to the Butte County 2019 LHMP, wildfire is an ongoing concern for the County. Generally, the fire season extends from early spring to late fall. With climate change, Butte County’s fire season may now extend further into the winter months. Wildfire conditions arise from a combination of weather, topography, wind patterns, accumulation of vegetation, and low-moisture content in the air. Wildland fire hazards (open space, rangeland, chaparral, and forested areas) exist in approximately 70 percent of Butte County.

Urban wildfires often occur in areas where development has expanded into rural areas. Currently, many homes within the county are located in the wildland-urban interface (WUI), which is characterized by zones of transition between wildland and developed areas and often includes heavy fuel loads that increase wildfire risk. See Figure 6 for a look at Butte County’s Fire Severity Zones. Areas in eastern Butte County that appear empty but are surrounded by Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones are mostly areas under federal jurisdiction.

The historic yearly average of area burned in Butte County was approximately 5,306 average annual acres per year, which is projected to increase to an annual average of 8,961 acres per year by 2050 and an annual average of 13,939 acres per year by 2099 (Cal-Adapt 2018).

Generally, the fire season for Butte County extends from early spring to late fall.

With climate change, Butte County’s fire season may now extend further into the winter months.
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32 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Figure 6. Butte County Fire Hazard Severity Zones
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4.Potential Impacts
Climate change hazards at the local and regional scale carry some uncertainty. Therefore, the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment included a qualitative analysis that describes the potential impacts based on the hazards discussed in Chapter 3 (CNRA 2012a). This assessment provides a high-level overview of potential impacts that could occur as a result of identified climate change hazards. Further evaluation and research would be needed to identify vulnerabilities to specific properties, structures, or services. The following sections describe the general impacts of hazards on populations and assets within Butte County, which was used to conduct vulnerability scoring. The results of the vulnerability scoring are provided in Appendix B.

4.1. Agriculture and Forestry Pests and Diseases
Agriculture and forestry pests and diseases can affect all population and asset sectors in Butte County.

These pests and diseases can cause plants and animals to grow more slowly, damage them so that their products are less appealing and harder to sell, or even kill them. Though there are treatment options for several agriculture and forestry diseases, some have no cure. The forests face particular harm from insects and other pests, diseases caused by bacterial or viruses, fungal infections, and other conditions that can affect the health of forest trees and plants. Specific pests and diseases include sudden oak death, fir engraver, white-fir sawfly, fall webworm, black stain root disease, and heterobasidion root disease (California Forest Pest Council 2019). Pest or disease infections can cause trees and other plants to grow more slowly, damage them so they are less able to function in an ecosystem, or kill them outright, which can impact the timber production industry. Forest and wilderness managers can cure or treat some pests or diseases or control their spread. However, in some cases, there is nothing that can be done.

In places where forests are a scenic and recreation attraction—and an important contributor to local quality of life—such as the conifer forests, forestry pests and diseases can cause significant economic harm. Dead trees or tree limbs may fall, especially during high winds and severe storms, and can damage or destroy buildings and structures, electrical transmission lines, homes, and other property. Falling trees or tree limbs may block roadways and cause injuries or even fatalities to community members and visitors. Blocked roadways can isolate communities located in the remote regions of the County. Dead trees and other plants can also create more fuel for wildfires.

In the agricultural sector, pests and diseases can affect the quality and viability of crops and livestock, which could become chronic as conditions continue to warm. Outdoor workers, immigrant communities, and low-resourced ethnic minorities could face economic hardship if they rely on this industry for work. It may be difficult for these populations to find alternative work if agricultural production declines.

4.2. Drought
More persistent drought conditions coupled with reduced flows of freshwater and increased water demands will likely affect the quantity and quality of water supplies. When flows decrease, water temperature increases, leading to harmful bacteria and algal blooms in open water and wetland ecosystems. Butte County experienced harmful algae blooms in the summer of 2017; people and animals were advised to stay out of waters in Table Mountain Ecological Reserve due to toxic blue algal blooms in the water.
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34 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT As mentioned previously, climate change will likely result in more periods of drought. Less precipitation and snowpack in the headwater region means Butte County may face a decrease in surface water availability. A reduction in surface water availability can result in an increased dependence on groundwater supplies. It is generally understood that groundwater use goes up when surface water flows are curtailed (Butte County Department of Water and Resources Conservation 2016). Many of California’s groundwater basins are already in overdraft conditions, with groundwater use exceeding the rate of recharge.

Those who rely on agricultural wells may face challenges in meeting water demands of crops and livestock as groundwater levels decline. The cost of meeting crop water demands will increase due to the need to extend groundwater pumps deeper or install new wells. The economic impact to agriculture is likely to harm both the agricultural operations and the outdoor workers employed by these operations (Butte County Public Health Department 2017). Those who have domestic wells may see their wells go dry, unless they drill further into the aquifer. Drilling can be expensive and may not be possible for those with financial burdens or limited resources. Households dependent on community water supplies could experience price hikes during drought conditions, and those without financial means may be unable to afford water prices. Drought could also cause statewide water supply issues, as the State Water Project relies on water from the Sacramento River and Feather River watersheds. Shallow domestic wells may not be able to reach lower groundwater levels during drought conditions and the State Water Resources Control Board may curtail surface water rights, negatively impacting Butte County agriculture.

Increases or decreases in precipitation could have an effect on ecosystems in the Butte County area. If plant life is decimated, there may be numerous consequences that can lead to a steeper loss of biodiversity. Moisture can impact both host plants and pathogens in many ways. Some pathogens, such as apple scab, late blight, and several vegetable root pathogens, are more likely to infect plants with increased moisture content. Other pathogens, like the powdery mildew species, tend to thrive under conditions with lower (but not low) moisture. Drought conditions are also expected to lead to an increased frequency of tree pathogens due to indirect effects on host physiology. This can lead to tree mortality, which can devastate the timber production industry. Harm to ecosystems and natural resources can also affect regional recreation and tourism, as fewer individuals may be interested in traveling to the area for regional, state, and federal land recreation and tourism if water levels drop too low or the scenic appearance of the county has changed.

More persistent drought conditions, coupled with reduced flows of freshwater and increased water demands, will likely lead to increased water temperature in streams, lakes, and reservoirs. Higher water temperatures tend to lead to lower levels of dissolved oxygen in the water, resulting in more stress on fish, insects, crustaceans, and other aquatic animals that rely on it. This can also affect the patterns and availability of suitable ecosystems for migratory birds along the Pacific Flyway. Butte Creek, Big Chico Creek, Feather River, and the Sacramento River support Chinook salmon and are used for winter and spring-runs. They also support many other federally and state protected fish and wildlife species. Changes in water temperature will eventually cause waterways to be unable to support various life stages of protected fish in these areas. Many streams and rivers have already become unviable for salmon to spawn in, such as parts of Big Chico Creek in Upper Bidwell Park. Under the new climate scenarios, salmon and many other aquatic species may not be able to use these channels located in Butte County to thrive. Some ecosystems, such as wetlands, may shift to other ecosystems that require less water, such as grasslands and chaparral (Kershner 2014).
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4.3. Extreme Heat
The projected rise in temperature will have severe impacts on human health. Cases of heat-related illnesses, such as nausea, dizziness, stroke, dehydration, and heat exhaustion, will likely rise, especially for those who do not have access to air conditioning, cool spaces, or shelter. Children, outdoor workers, financially burdened households, persons experiencing homelessness, and those who cannot easily regulate their body temperature face the greatest health impacts (OPR TAG 2018). Higher temperatures will also mean greater instances of record high minimum temperatures. When there is not a significant drop in temperature overnight (at least 20°F), the human body continues to behave in distress—high blood pressure, elevated heart rate—overtaxing the body. With longer heat waves, Butte County medical centers are likely to see an increase in patients admitted for care related to prolonged heat exposure.

According to the Climate Change and Health Profile Report for Butte County, from 2005-2010 there was an annual average of 41 heat-related emergency room visits. This number is projected to increase and may become a concern for Butte County medical centers with the increase of heat-related illnesses (Maizlish Neil et al. 2017).

Disadvantaged communities in Butte County are likely to face greater challenges in dealing with extreme heat than others. People in low-income areas, some of which are communities of color; people with existing health issues, such as chronic diseases and mental health conditions; young children and the elderly; people experiencing homelessness; outdoor workers, including farmworkers; immigrants; some tribal nations; and socially or linguistically isolated people will likely be most affected by extreme heat.

Many of these individuals may not have access to or be able to afford their own air conditioning. Lowincome populations may live in older buildings with poor insulation and ventilation, leading to higher indoor air temperatures on warm days. These populations often live in communities where residents are less likely to have air conditioning to cool homes or shade from trees in their neighborhoods, more likely to have one or more chronic medical conditions, and less likely to own cars that can provide mobility to avoid deleterious climate effects.

As of 2019, there are 891 unsheltered persons experiencing homelessness in Butte County (Butte County CoC 2019). Homeless populations are especially vulnerable to heat-related illnesses in periods of excessively high heat, as refuge from high temperatures may not be accessible even if homeless shelters are available. The majority of agriculture laborers in Butte County work in orchards and rice fields. The harvest of walnuts and almonds takes place in late summer and early autumn when the highest annual temperatures occur. Cal-Adapt estimates that an annual average of 29 extreme heat days will occur in Butte County by 2050. These days will likely occur during the harvest season, exposing farm workers to extreme temperatures and intense sun. Farmworkers in row crop fields will be the most exposed and vulnerable because they work under the open sun, with no shade. Farmworkers in the orchards and rice fields have slightly lower exposure because most harvesting is done with machinery, and the workers are provided some shade by the orchard trees or within a tractor and harvesting machinery. Health risks such as heat stroke and dehydration may occur and could potentially lead to disability.

Increases in temperature can have a severe impact on Butte County’s biological resources and ecological functions. Water temperature will generally increase in streams, lakes, and reservoirs as air temperature rises. This tends to lead to lower levels of dissolved oxygen in the water, resulting in more stress on the fish, insects, crustaceans, and other aquatic animals that rely on oxygen in open water and wetland ecosystems. An increase in temperature will decrease food availability, resulting in loss of habitat for many species, including migratory birds along the Pacific Flyway. In conifer forests, extreme heat can lead to heat stress, making them more susceptible to harm from forestry pests and diseases. It is also projected that scrublands or grasslands will expand into conifer forests under drier future scenarios 185
36 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT (Lenihan et al. 2003, 2008). See Figure 7 and Figure 8 for a map of projected temperature increases in relation to critical habitats.

CalFlora, a website that hosts information on wild California plants, lists about 35 species that are rare, native, or edaphically inclined to serpentine soils in Butte County. Many of these plants will be outcompeted by invasive species and are prone to disease. Virus vectors such as aphids, soil-borne fungi, and “weeds” (non-native invasive plants), can quickly spread the disease to heat-stressed natives. Plants that cannot disperse fast enough or those with longer life cycles, such as perennials and trees, might fail to survive under these new stressful conditions. There are about 153 invasive plant species in Butte County alone (CalFlora 2017). Invasive species often flourish where native species struggle. Faster development of non-perennial crops results in a shorter life cycle resulting in smaller plants, shorter reproductive duration, and lower yield potential. Temperature extremes that occur at critical times during development can significantly impact plant productivity.

Plant and wildlife distributions may also be affected by changes in temperature, competition from colonizing species, regional hydrology, and other climate-related effects. These shifts could also increase the ability of disease vectors (organisms that transmit diseases, such as mosquitoes) to survive or thrive in areas that were previously uninhabitable (City of Oroville 2015).

Extreme heat events can also harm agricultural crops and livestock, which could have economic impacts on farms and consumers. The majority of Butte County’s commodities are walnut, almond, and prune orchards as well as rice farms. According to the 2016 Water Inventory Analysis, the county contains around 425,000 acres of plant crops. Out of these plant crops, around 108,113 acres produce nuts and around 96,772 acres produce rice. These two types of farming practices make up almost half of the designated agricultural lands.

Butte County agriculture productivity is vulnerable to increases in average temperature. Nut trees, such as walnuts, require chilling hours during winter. “Chilling hours” can be defined as the cumulative number of hours below 45°F (Tapan B. Pathak et al. 2018). Almonds require between 400 and 700 chilling hours while walnuts range from 400 to 1,500 chilling hours each winter (Tapan B. Pathak et Al. 2018). Increases in average temperatures will directly reduce the number of chilling hours experienced by fruit and nut crops. Fewer chilling hours has the potential to reduce yields and therefore profits. Changes in growing season conditions could cause variations in crop quality and yield.

The increase in summer temperatures will also impact livestock and dairy production negatively, as well as their supply of forage crops. When dairy cows become overheated or stressed, their milk production decreases.

Changes in growing season conditions could cause variations in crop quality and yield. Plant and wildlife distributions may also be affected by changes in temperature, competition from colonizing species, regional hydrology, and other climate-related effects.
186
37 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Figure 7. Map of Predicted Annual Temperature Average in 2050 under the RCP 8.5 Scenario in Relation to Critical Habitats in Butte County
187
38 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Figure 8. Map of Predicted Annual Temperature Average in 2090 Under the RCP 8.5 Scenario in Relation to Critical Habitats in Butte County
188
39 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Extreme heat is also projected to impact
infrastructure and utility services within
Butte County. Infrastructure, such as
roads, railroads, and bridges may bend and
buckle in extreme heat conditions. Roads
exposed to continued heat spells can
experience cracks and pavement rutting,
causing dangerous conditions for all
transportation modes. Bridges experience
expansion and contraction as temperature
changes throughout the day. This impacts
the way that bridge expansion joints
function and absorbs movement over
time. Butte County has railroad lines
running through many small communities.

The rail line’s power system may
experience thermal expansion, which can cause loss of tension, which can lead to reduced speeds that will impact public safety and mobility by increasing the need for road maintenance and road closures (Maizlish Neil et Al. 2017).

Utility services are likely to be impacted. High temperatures decrease the efficiency of power transmission lines while summer air conditioning use increases electricity demand. This can lead to more power outages and blackouts, leading to public health and safety risks if there are limited ways to stay cool during extreme heat events (Maizlish Neil et al. 2017). Limited or no access to air conditioning during heat events can be fatal for persons with chronic illnesses and seniors.

Quality of life could be affected by heat-related power outages. Loss of electricity reduces the ability to cool inside areas, which could affect people’s ability to seek refuge from the heat. Food service and grocery stores could see economic losses from food spoilage due to loss of refrigeration caused by power outages. The ability to communicate via the Internet, cell towers, and landline could also be affected.

Internet outages due to high heat can have a negative impact on local businesses who rely on internet to run business systems and communication.

Butte County is well known for its variety of outdoor activities. Spring and summer months are often filled with people hiking, swimming, and attending outdoor community events such as farmers’ markets. As an increase in extreme heat events occurs, outdoor recreation will become less desirable. Visitors participating in recreation activities could be doing physically demanding hiking, biking, or other recreation activities, increasing the potential for heat-related illness. Reduced outdoor activity has the potential to affect revenue for businesses in the outdoor recreation industry on regional, state, and federal lands. Increases in temperature and extreme heat days could also affect quality of life, as getting outside and exercising is no longer an option. This could also lead to negative health impacts, such as obesity, weight gain, and anxiety.

4.4. Human Health Hazards
Human health hazards primarily affect populations within Butte County; however, they can have indirect impacts on economic drivers and key services. Some human health hazards can cause a mild inconvenience, while others are potentially life threatening. Examples include hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Lyme disease, West Nile virus, and influenza, which can be debilitating or fatal for some Utility services will also be impacted. High
temperatures decrease power transmission
line efficiency while summer air conditioning
use increases electricity demand. This can
lead to more power outages and blackouts
and high winds could cause Public Safety
Power Shutoffs. This could put public health
and safety at risk with limited ways to stay
cool during these times.
189
40 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT people. Other hazards that affect human health include extreme heat (discussed in Section 4.3), poor air quality, and smoke created from wildfires in the region, which can cause additional risks or exacerbate existing cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses. Populations at highest risk for human health hazards are those that spend a disproportionate amount of time outside, such as children, outdoor workers, and persons experiencing homelessness; those with chronic illnesses or weakened immune systems; persons in overcrowded households that spread illnesses more easily; and financially burdened households that may not be able to seek medical attention. Pandemic-scale human health hazards can also harm several economic sectors within the county, as well as emergency medical response services.

4.5. Severe Wind
Severe wind can harm all population and asset sectors in Butte County. Severe wind can damage homes and essential infrastructure that can isolate households or communities. High-velocity winds increase the risk of sparking from electrical power lines. In recent years, this has caused PG&E to conduct Public Safety Power Shutoff (PSPS) events. This can affect those who rely on electricity to power life-support devices or refrigerate medicine and food, in addition to affecting communication services throughout the county.

The uncertainty of PSPS events during severe wind can trigger stress and anxiety for residents and business owners. Severe wind can also cause trees and other debris to fly through the air, which can damage homes, other buildings, and infrastructure. Older buildings and infrastructure would likely be most affected by this, and those with financial burdens may be unable to repair structures and other infrastructure. If a roadway is blocked by downed trees or debris, communities on single-access roads could become isolated from the rest of the county.

Agriculture is the economic driver most likely to be affected by severe winds, as these winds can flatten crops and severely damage the agricultural economy (Motha 2011). Other economic activities may also be hindered, as high winds can create dangerous conditions for construction and visitors for recreation and tourism may be deterred from traveling to Butte County during severe wind events.

Ecosystems can also be harmed by severe winds, as diseases such as sudden oak death can spread more easily through high-velocity winds (Kershner 2014).

4.6. Severe Storms
Severe storms will most adversely affect populations living in 100-, 200-, and 500-year floodplains in western Butte County (FEMA 2021). All County residents living in flood zones may be adversely affected if a flood event occurs; however, flooding-related impacts will likely disproportionately affect populations with financial burdens, those who spend a disproportionate amount of time outdoors, those who live in less-resilient structures, and persons with limited mobility. Households in poverty and low-income Climate change will not only lead to an increase in frequency and intensity of storms, meaning more water in the form of rain and flash flood, but it is also predicted we will see more prolonged periods of drought, which can lead to water shortages and decreases in groundwater levels. This dichotomy makes analyzing the impacts of precipitation difficult because not only will Butte County see more rainfall at times but also drought conditions. 190
41 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT households may suffer higher mortality rates and their homes may sustain greater damage due to the housing stock and location. Furthermore, low-income households may not be able to afford structural upgrades or flood insurance to mitigate the effects of flooding associated with dam failure or levee collapse (Burton and Cutter 2008). Financially burdened households or those with limited mobility may also lack transportation and other resources to respond to or evacuate during a flood event.

Race, income, ethnicity, and immigration status are also drivers of flood-related impacts. These factors may impose cultural and language barriers that may affect pre-disaster mitigation and access to postdisaster resources for recovery. Those with limited mobility and chronic illnesses may not have the capacity to adequately respond to or evacuate during a flood event. Educational status also contributes to the social vulnerability of a population. Lower education typically coincides with poverty, overcrowding, unemployment, income inequality, and marginalization (California Justice Working Group 2017), which are all factors that may increase vulnerability to climate-related hazards.

Floodwaters from heavy rainfall can interact with sources of pollution and distribute hazardous pollutants locally and regionally. The resulting water contamination may lead to human health impacts as well as the degradation of ecosystems. Floodwater intrusion also has the potential to damage critical infrastructure, such as bridges, flood-control infrastructure, roadways, and cause mold and mildew to grow in homes and residential structures, which can affect indoor air quality. This may also lead to a large economic impact to the County and its residents as well as leave people displaced.

Localized flooding already poses a threat to Butte County roadways, especially near the Sacramento and Feather Rivers. Heavy rainfall will likely exacerbate this issue, blocking access to commuters, affecting road infrastructure, home infrastructure, and could lead to school closures. Flooding events may disrupt communications, energy transmission, public services, and transportation systems by damaging infrastructure. Flood events can cause considerable property damage as well as structural damage, through erosion and an increased risk of mudslides. Increased flooding could lead to degradation of flood-control infrastructure, such as dikes and levees. During high-flow events, bridges over waterways are particularly vulnerable to damage and blockage due to high-velocity water and debris. Bridge collapses pose a risk to human life and can cause damage to property and structures. Collapsed bridges may also disrupt transportation routes.

The relatively minimal reported damages and loss of life attributed to flooding over the past 25 years in Butte County indicates that the current land use management practices have proven effective. However, increasing development and population growth will require disciplined land use management practices to ensure that the urbanization of land protected by levees does not occur and is not allowed to exacerbate the effects of flooding in other areas (Butte County 2006).

Several issues cause drainage problems that lead to flooding in Butte County’s watersheds. Ditches and stormwater systems are needed to convey stormwater away from developed areas; however, in some areas, the topography prevents surface water from draining quickly to a ditch, stream, or storm drain.

Typically, stormwater systems are designed to handle storm runoff for events smaller than the 100-year event, such as a 10-year event. Older stormwater systems were typically designed to convey the 10-year storm or less and may become inadequate as additional watershed development and associated runoff increases. Stormwater systems, ditches, and other waterways can be blocked by debris, resulting in ponding, which may flood adjacent areas. Many roads in the FEMA-designated floodplains have experienced flood damage in the past. The Butte County Storm Drainage criteria have not been updated to account for existing, excess flows and future conditions (Butte County 2006). 191
42 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT In addition to flooding, severe storms can cause landslides, which can block roadways, damage or destroy utility infrastructure, wash out hiking and biking trails, and harm the railway system. This can leave those living in communities on single-access roadways with few options for evacuating. Those with limited mobility may be unable to evacuate prior to a landslide event, further isolating them from the rest of the county. Landslides can also disrupt several key services that rely on the roadways and utility infrastructure, such as communication and energy delivery services, delivery of vital goods, and public transit access. Debris flows can also occur in wildfire burn scars, damaging structures, infrastructure, and economic sectors.

4.7. Wildfire
Increased temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and reduced moisture content in vegetation during dry years are expected to increase the severity of wildland fire within and beyond the boundaries of the county. As higher temperatures begin to last for longer periods of time, dead fuels of a wider diameter (e.g., twigs and sticks) will also become drier and contribute to increased wildfire intensity in the county. These conditions are predicted to lead to an increase in the total area burned by grassland fire, especially in the foothill areas in the eastern portion of the county, of which, a section is designated a moderate Fire Hazard Severity Zone by CAL FIRE. Climate change is also expected to subject forests to increased stress due to drought, disease, invasive species, and insect pests. These stressors are likely to make these forests more vulnerable to catastrophic fire, as seen in the 2018 Camp Fire and 2020 North Complex Fire (Westerling 2007). An increased rate and intensity of wildfire in the coniferous forests of the Sierra Nevada could adversely impact the populations, functions, and structures within the county.

Increased wildfire activity may occur on the WUIs around Butte County from drier conditions and development encroaching on wildland areas. The WUI is defined as the areas where community development has expanded into the foothills and mountainous areas prone to wildfire. The WUI describes those communities that are mixed in with grass, brush, and timbered covered lands (wildland).

These are areas where wildland fire once burned only vegetation but now burns homes as well. The Town of Paradise and community of Magalia and Paradise Pines are examples of high-density housing meeting wildland in Butte County. Development can also occur in the wildland-urban intermix, which are rural, low-density areas where homes are intermixed in wildland areas. In Butte County, the communities of Cohasset, Forest Ranch, Concow, Yankee Hill, Berry Creek, and Forbestown are considered urbanwildland intermix areas. WUI communities are difficult to defend because they sprawl over large geographical areas with wildland fuels throughout. These attributes make emergency access, structure protection, and fire control difficult as fires are relatively difficult to stop. Human development of wildland areas has made it much more difficult to protect life and property during a wildland fire. This home construction creates a new fuel load, which shifts firefighting operations from wildland to structural. Figure 9 and Figure 10 show rural communities in CAL FIRE-designated Fire Hazard Severity Zones and communities within the WUI. A full description of the impacts from the 2018 Camp Fire and 2020 North Complex Fire is provided in the Hazards and Safety chapter of the 2021 Butte County Setting and Trends Report.
192
43 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Figure 9. Rural Communities Living in Wildfire Severity Zones 193
44 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Figure 10. Wildland-Urban Interface Areas in Butte County 194
45 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT In addition to an increased threat to human safety, the increased frequency of wildfire may result in the release of harmful air pollutants into the atmosphere, which can affect the respiratory health of residents across a broad geographical scope. Particulate matter (including PM2.5, which is soot and smoke), carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and other pollutants are emitted during the burning of vegetation and can cause acute and chronic cardiovascular and respiratory illness, especially in vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, children, agricultural and outdoor workers, and those suffering from pre-existing cardiovascular or respiratory conditions.

Butte County is filled with many creeks, streams, lakes, reservoirs, etc. With more frequent and intense wildfires, there is a high probability that sedimentation within fish-bearing waters will increase. Nutrients and temperatures within the water will change and woody debris will become more prominent in the environment. Ultimately, this will negatively affect the overall health of the water and the fisheries themselves. This could affect the recreation and tourism industries that rely on healthy rivers and water sources. Loss of species such as deer and salmon from wildfires can impact Butte County’s fishing and hunting industry, which can, in turn, have negative impacts on conservation efforts and funding.

The risk of wildfire may threaten deer migration and habitats. Herds may be temporarily forced out of their migration patterns and most likely move north to adjust for loss in habitat and food. This could cause deer to move into developed or populated areas. Traits that commonly make a species vulnerable to climate change include limited dispersal abilities, slow reproductive rates, specialized habitat and dietary requirements, restricted distribution and rarity, and narrow physiological tolerances, while potentially vulnerable habitats include montane habitats, savannahs, and grasslands. Migratory bird patterns along the Pacific Flyway can also be disrupted by smoke and ash that fill the sky during wildfires.

Wildfire can cause direct and indirect damage to electrical infrastructure. Direct exposure to fire can sever transmission lines, and heat and smoke can affect transmission capacity. Furthermore, because of historical forest management trends over the past century, increased temperatures, and more frequent drought, California wildfires are characteristically hotter and more intense as compared to naturally occurring fire regimes.

Forest health in Butte County and the economic vitality that these forests provide are likely to decrease because of wildfire. Forestry is over a $16 million-a-year economic sector in Butte County (Butte County Sustainable Forestry Brochure). Without the combination of ample rainfall, long growing seasons, and deep soils, forests in Butte County will be unable to maintain the productivity for our current and future needs. High-intensity fires may also affect the ability of Butte County’s forests and other natural lands to sequester carbon, as tree growth potentially becomes less productive and trees are burnt more regularly.

Carbon sequestration is an emerging source of economic activity for forested areas in California and increases in wildfire may threaten this nascent industry. 195
46 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

5.Adaptive Capacity
The California APG defines adaptive capacity as the ability of a population, asset, or community to prepare for, respond to, and recover from climate change hazards based on current resources, tools, funding, policies, and programs. Review of the County’s existing local policies, plans, programs, resources, or institutions provides a good snapshot of the County’s ability to adapt to climate change and reduce vulnerability. Based on this information, adaptive capacity for a specific population or asset rated high, medium, or low, as discussed in the Section 1.1.

A description of adaptive capacity of Butte County’s populations and assets is provided in the following sections, based on identified hazard where possible. It is important to note that this review of local climate adaptation-related work offers an initial, high-level perspective on the issue and is not allinclusive nor site-specific analysis. As more specific facilities, structures, and areas are identified in the future, additional review of adaptive capacity would be valuable.

On a planning level, the County addresses current and future impacts related to existing natural hazards, as evidenced by the County’s LHMP, most recently updated in December 2019. The 2019 LHMP identifies current hazard risks and mitigation strategies for climate change, flooding, levee failure, drought/water shortage, severe weather, and wildfires (Butte County 2019).

Furthermore, the County’s Climate Action Plan (CAP), adopted in 2014, contains policies aimed at reducing local contributions to global climate change and encourages sustainable building practices, efficient use of resources (i.e., water, land, and energy), and ecological stewardship. The County’s CAP also addresses climate adaptation and resiliency. Chapter 5 of the CAP lays out several actions that should be taken to adapt to the changing climate. Example actions include establishing cooling centers during heat waves, promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy to reduce peak-load demand, and developing low-impact development standards to reduce stormwater runoff and increase groundwater demand. The County is currently preparing updates to the CAP and General Plan. These updates will include updates to adaptation goals, policies, and strategies that will be informed by this vulnerability assessment.

The Butte County Office of Emergency Management (OEM) website contains a variety of resources for disaster preparedness. Evacuation plans and routes, standards for defensible spaces, disaster supplies kit checklists, heatwave precautions, drought assistance, and flood after fire information are some of the resources provided by Butte County OEM.

Disaster recovery efforts require extreme measures and commitment to the development of healthy, organized responses to chaotic situations. Every region has a unique need. If a jurisdiction is not in sync with current regulation it may not only miss opportunities for state and federal funding but leave that jurisdiction more vulnerable to the threats of climate change-induced natural disasters. The County is conducting this assessment to find where its vulnerabilities lie and to be able to address them by incorporating adaptation strategies and emergency plans into the General Plan. 196
47 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

5.1. Agriculture and Forestry Pests and Diseases
Butte County’s agriculture and timber production industries, persons who rely on these industries, and ecosystems surrounding these economic sectors will likely be harmed by an increase in agriculture and forestry pests and diseases. Pesticides can help crops and pastures resists pests and diseases; however, if pests and diseases quickly evolve, this may not be feasible for all crops. Agricultural owners and operators can work with the University of California Cooperative Extension to conduct more research on solutions to pests and diseases, or crop types that can more easily resist pest and diseases with less water and higher temperatures.

The timber production industry relies heavily on a healthy conifer forest ecosystem, which under normal conditions can resist pests and diseases. However, due to high temperatures and increased drought, the adaptive capacity of this ecosystem plummets and the forests have virtually no ability to resist pests and diseases, such as bark beetles. The timber industry may see additional challenges, as new market opportunities may shrink if forest resources are not available. Other tree ecosystems that can typically recover from pests and diseases, oak woodlands, and chaparral, may not be able to manage diseases such as sudden oak death (Kershner 2014). Other ecosystems may shift to other ecosystems that may be better suited for future conditions and disturbance regimes, such as grasslands (Kershner 2014). If forested ecosystems cannot recover, state and federal land recreation may decrease, as people may be deterred from traveling to the county.

The populations that rely on the agriculture and timber industries, such as immigrant populations and outdoor workers, may be able to transfer industries through educational opportunities. The Oroville Adult Education Program offers several programs for those living in or near the Cities of Chico and Oroville.

However, due to potential fears of accessing government benefits and educational institutions, immigrant communities, low-resourced ethnic minorities, and outdoor workers may not seek these educational opportunities (Roos 2018).

The buildings and infrastructure damaged or blocked by diseases or dead trees can be repaired or retrofitted to prevent damage. Trees on single-access roadways can also be removed. However, these repairs, removals, and retrofits may take a considerable amount of time, and the facilities may not be useable until cleared and repaired. Mitigation action 46 of the Butte County LHMP may assist with this, as it is focused on hazard tree removal around infrastructure, specifically power lines; however, this project will require extensive funding to complete (Butte County 2019). Additional mitigation actions that may assist with agricultural pests and diseases include a marine and aquatic invasive species survey and surveillance project, foreign animal diseases rapid response quarantine program, and a Broom eradication project (Butte County 2019).

5.2. Drought
Butte County’s Department of Water and Resource Conservation implements programs to protect Butte County’s water resources. The priorities of the department come from the 2005 Butte County Integrated Water Resource Plan, some of which include: Administering Water Resource Management Programs, Groundwater Management Plan, Drought Management Plan, Coordination Regional Watershed Management Plan, and more.

The department also leads Butte County’s involvement to implement the SGMA. SGMA went into effect in January 2016 and is California’s new comprehensive statewide groundwater management law designed to provide for local management of groundwater resources. Butte County is a member agency in the Vina Groundwater Sustainability Agency and the Wyandotte Creek GSA. Butte County is a GSA fora 197
48 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT portion of the Butte subbasin. The GSAs are currently working on developing groundwater sustainability plans (GSP) for each subbasin. The GSPs must be adopted by 2022. The GSPs will ensure that groundwater extraction operates within the sustainable yield, accounting for future drought conditions, wet years, climate change, and future growth. The GSPs will provide a buffer against drought and contribute to reliable water supplies. However, SGMA recognized that drought conditions may result in impacts that cannot be avoided provided that the basin returns to its sustainable yield after the drought.

California depends on groundwater for a major portion of its annual water supply, and sustainable groundwater management is essential to a reliable and resilient water system.

Butte County and other GSAs have been working with stakeholders to evaluate the feasibility of artificially recharging the groundwater in the Vina subbasin to ensure groundwater sustainability by 2042. One option would be to use the City of Chico’s treated wastewater that now is discharged into the Sacramento River as a potential direct or indirect source of groundwater recharge. Other options under consideration are to promote recharging of winter flood water from streams and creeks, and water conservation.

General Plan 2030 contains policies and actions designed to promote groundwater recharge and minimize impervious land cover. Policy W-P3.3 protects groundwater recharge and groundwater quality in new development projects. Action W-A3.1 directs the County to seek funding for and conduct comprehensive, countywide mapping of water resources and groundwater recharge areas, and Action WA3.2 directs the County to develop standards to preserve groundwater recharge and protect groundwater quality (Butte County 2010).

Drought impacts are wide-reaching and may be economic, environmental, and/or societal. The most significant impacts associated with drought in the planning area are those related to water-intensive activities, such as agriculture, wildfire protection, municipal usage, commerce, tourism, recreation, and wildlife preservation. Those who are financially burdened or may rely on water-dependent economic activities may not be able to prepare for or recover from water price hikes or disruptions to economic drivers. Voluntary conservation measures are a normal and ongoing part of system operations and are actively implemented during extended droughts. A reduction of electric power generation and water quality deterioration are also potential problems. Drought conditions can also cause soil to compact and not absorb water well, potentially making an area more susceptible to flooding and erosion (Butte County 2019).

Butte County has several programs in place to conserve domestic water supply. Butte County citizens can engage in rebate programs provided by Cal-Water and other water purveyors and PG&E to improve the water efficiency of home appliances and replace water-demanding landscapes. Further, PACE financing programs can also help homeowners finance upgrades to their homes and landscapes to improve water efficiency along with energy efficiency. Implementation of these efforts can help to lower Butte County’s overall domestic water usage, thereby helping ensure that Butte County residents continue to have a reliable source of potable water in the face of future dry years.

The primary water source within the county is surface water (55 percent), followed by groundwater (31 percent), and surface water reuse (14 percent). The majority of the surface water supply used by Butte County residents and businesses originates in the Feather River watershed, accumulates in Lake Oroville, and is primarily used for agriculture locally (Butte County Department of Water and Resource Conservation 2005). During drought years, county residents may face water shortages from dry wells.

Residents served by water purveyors may face strict restrictions on water supply and permitted uses. 198
49 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Agriculture operations relying on surface water may experience water shortages that can impact crop production during drought years.

Butte County also has a Drought Preparedness Plan, which established a Drought Task Force, drought monitoring, and drought response and mitigation to ensure that water supply limitation are addressed during drought conditions. Adaptive capacity will also be improved once SGMA begins to implement groundwater recharge throughout the county. Capturing stormwater and early snowmelt and getting that water back into the water table will ensure Butte County residents will have adequate water during droughts and help to mitigate any subsidence that could occur. Butte County may want to look into the development of drought response rules in advance of a drought.

5.3. Extreme Heat
The Butte County Public Health Department provides Butte County community members with information on how to stay safe during periods of extreme heat through press releases and their webpage. However, linguistically isolated persons and those without access to internet may not be aware or able to look for these notifications.

Butte County participates in several Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) financing programs. PACE programs help homeowners finance home energy and water-efficiency upgrades and save money on energy and water bills through special financing options. By enabling homeowners to retrofit their homes and install upgrades, this program increases insulation and air conditioning in homes, while reducing energy costs associated with extreme heat events and heat waves. It should be noted that PACE programs are only available to homeowners and cannot be used by renters or occupants of multifamily housing.

Urban greening and urban forestry in the county are supported by numerous organizations and agencies.

Urban forestry involves the planting of trees to mitigate these impacts. Trees provide shade for homes, roadways, parking lots, and provide relief during periods of extreme heat. Further, ground-level ozone produced from excessive heat can be filtered by certain tree species, which improves local air quality (California Natural Resources Agency 2018). Tree canopy cover also reduces energy demand.

As discussed previously in Section 4.3, the populations most likely to be endangered by extreme heat events are those who spend a disproportionate amount of time outdoors, such as outdoor workers, children, and persons experiencing homelessness; seniors; persons with chronic illnesses; indigenous and tribal nations; linguistically isolated persons; and households in poverty and low-income households.

Several cooling centers are available throughout the county for these individuals to seek relief from the heat. Persons in low-resourced ethnic minority communities or immigrant communities may not seek cooling centers or know about them because of immigration status or language barriers. For those with limited mobility or chronic illnesses, Butte Regional Transit does offer Dial-A-Ride and paratransit services, which seniors and other populations can use to seek relief from the heat.

Transportation infrastructure (e.g., roads, bridges, sidewalks) can also be damaged by extreme heat events. Damage from extreme heat conditions would place additional strain on already limited financial resources for maintenance and repair of county and state roads. Existing efforts to maintain and enhance the urban forest canopy may provide some increase in shading on local roads throughout the county, mitigating portions of transportation-related surfaces (e.g., asphalt) from excessive sun exposure.

However, planting of shade trees alone may not be enough to fully mitigate potential damage from increased temperatures and extreme heat. Some roadways and rail lines may be managed by multiple agencies, which requires coordination that can extend the timeline for repairs and retrofits. 199
50 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Other infrastructure that can be damaged by extreme heat includes electrical transmission lines. These transmission lines can be turned off during extreme heat events to reduce damage, and renewable energy, such as solar panels and wind turbines, can be installed to reduce electricity demands during the warmest part of the day. However, retrofits are expensive and may not be feasible for all structures.

Turning off electricity lines can also be detrimental to critical facilities, residents who rely on electricity for life-support devices and refrigeration of medicines, and businesses in Butte County.

Butte County’s agriculture sector will likely be highly affected by extreme heat. Agriculture owners and operators can work with the University of California Cooperative Extension and the Agriculture Commissioner’s Office to conduct more research on crop types that can more easily resist damage from extreme heat days and warmer nights. By conducting this research, Butte County will increase its adaptive capacity for the increase of temperature on agriculture functions. Some industries, such as outdoor recreation and timber harvesting, may be less able to prepare for and recover from extreme heat, as visitors may be less likely to travel to the area during extreme heat days to participate in outdoor recreation and forests that support timber harvesting may be more susceptible to wildfires due to higher temperatures.

5.4. Human Health Hazards
As stated previously, households with financial burdens, overcrowded households, and populations that spend a disproportionate amount of time outdoors are most susceptible to human health hazards, in addition to the economic drivers they support and services they require. These populations may not be able to isolate if they have a contagious illness and may not have health insurance or financial means to seek medical attention. Persons working outdoors, persons experiencing homelessness, and others can wear protective clothing or bug spray to reduce exposure to vector-borne illnesses, but this may not be effective in all cases. Households with financial burdens may also not be able to take time off work to recover or seek medical attention, therefore worsening health outcomes.

Butte County does have a Mosquito and Vector Control District that can help mitigate the exposure to vector-borne illnesses, by removing ponding water and pests from specific areas. For those with limited mobility who need to seek medical attention, Butte Regional Transit offers paratransit and Dial-A-Ride services that can transport individuals to medical appointments. Even with these adaptive capacity measures, emergency medical response services may be overwhelmed by a human health hazard event.

Strengthening medical supply chains and preparing emergency contingency plans for if and when human health hazards increase may take time and require extensive coordination.

5.5. Severe Wind
Butte County’s adaptive capacity to severe wind events is similar to extreme heat and severe storms. For those whose homes may be impacted by severe wind, the County has low-cost PACE programs that homeowners can participate in to retrofit their homes to be more protected from severe wind events.

Some populations may not feel safe participating in these programs because of immigration status or racial profiling towards low-resourced ethnic minorities (Roos 2018). For those who do not have permanent shelter during severe wind events, several homeless shelters are available throughout the county that can provide safety for these individuals or families.

Some populations, such as communities on single-access roads, persons with disabilities, and seniors, may become isolated during and after severe wind events. Communities on single-access roads can clear fallen trees and debris after a wind event, but this may take hours or days depending on the severity and remoteness of the community. Persons with disabilities and seniors may not be able to travel to find 200
51 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT shelter during extreme wind events. Butte Regional Transit’s paratransit and Dial-A-Line services can help these individuals seek treatment following a severe wind event.

Severe wind may also cause PG&E to conduct PSPS events, which can harm both populations and economic drivers. The Butte County Disability Action Center does provide disaster preparedness and training programs and portable battery programs that may be able to assist persons with chronic illnesses and/or disabilities in the event of power loss. For energy delivery, electrical transmission lines can be undergrounded to reduce PSPS events; however, this can be expensive and may be difficult to do for larger transmission lines. Communication services may also be limited if the power is shut off, and there are few redundancies in communication infrastructure in the county, especially in remote mountain areas. Other infrastructure can be retrofitted to resist damage from severe wind or have trees trimmed to reduce damage from other debris carried by severe winds.

Some assets, such as crops flattened by high winds and oak woodlands decimated by sudden oak death, may be unable to recover from an increase in severe winds.

5.6. Severe Storms
Butte County Office of Emergency Management coordinates the overall countywide response to largescale incidents and severe storm-related disasters through their Emergency Operations Center, which provides information and resources for agencies to coordinate disaster response efforts.

The County’s website also provides information on flood evacuation plans for flood zones in southern Butte County that contains strategies to ensure evacuations are handled smoothly. For those with limited mobility or lack of access to transportation, Butte County has a Special Needs Awareness Program, established after the 2008 BTU lightning complex fire, which may be able to assist these individuals or families in evacuations during severe storm events.

General Plan 2030 includes policies that protect people and property from flooding that may be caused by severe storms. Health and Safety Element Policies HS-P2.4 and HS-P2.5 protect people and property from flood risks within the 100-year flood hazard zone and ensure that development within this area will not impede or redirect flood flows, and Policies HS-P3.1 through HS-P3.4 work to prevent and reduce flooding. In addition, Policy HS-P2.1 supports the efforts of regional, state, and federal agencies to improve flood management facilities along the Sacramento River, and Policy HS-P2.2 supports the efforts of private landowners and public agencies to maintain existing flood-management facilities (Butte County 2010).

There are a number of levees in Butte County that provide various levels of protection for the citizens and property in the county from flooding hazards. However, the levee system is maintained by independent local levee and reclamation districts and overseen by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, California Department of Water Resources, and the Bureau of Reclamation, and would require extensive coordination to raise or extend levees. Many of these are aging and may need repair and maintenance to adequately control flood flows. There are also dams that serve as water storage features in the county and surrounding areas (Butte County 2010). However, in February 2017, an atmospheric river dropped heavy rainfall on the Feather River watershed, filling Oroville Dam more quickly than water could be released. Emergency evacuations occurred throughout Oroville and the communities south of the dam as the emergency spillway crumbled under the weight of the water being released from the dam. 201
52 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Butte County contains areas currently designated as 100-year flood zones, and the General Plan 2030 land use map allows occupied development within these flood hazard areas. However, General Plan 2030 includes policies designed to prevent flooding of occupied developments. Specifically, Health and Safety Element Policy HS-P2.4 prohibits development on lands within the 100-year flood zone, as identified on the most current available maps from FEMA, unless the applicant meets criteria that FEMA has set out demonstrating development will not cause a danger to life or property (Butte County 2010).

The Urban Level of Flood Protection Criteria was developed in response to the requirements from the Central Valley Flood Protection Act of 2008, enacted by SB 5. Urban level of flood protection means the level of protection necessary to withstand a 200-year flood in any given year. The criteria were developed by the Department of Water Resources as a systematic approach to assist affected cities and counties within the Sacramento-San Joaquin Valley in making findings related to an urban level of flood protection before approving certain land-use decisions. In response to the passage of SB 5, Butte County adopted the Flood Hazard Prevention Ordinance. This ordinance requires the Department of Development Services to review all applications for new construction or subdivisions in flood hazard areas and requires that the lowest floor of any new construction or substantial improvement in FEMA-designated Flood Zones be elevated by 1 foot or more above the regulatory flood elevation. In addition, applicants must show that development within the floodplain will not raise the existing flood level in a manner that adversely affects any neighboring property.

Residents living in areas at high risk for inundation from levee or dam failure have limited adaptive capacity to deal with flooding. Structural improvements to modify or elevate homes and other structures, as well as the purchase of flood insurance, can reduce the financial burden of recovering from flooding; however, these options are not universally acquirable. The County does participate in PACE financing programs, which can help populations with financial burdens increase the resiliency of their homes to severe storms and flooding.

Severe storms can also cause landslides in mountain areas of the county. Slope stabilization and increasing the capacity of drainage systems can help protect transportation, communication, and electrical infrastructure from damage by landslides. However, this can be difficult in remote areas of the county. Services such as energy delivery, vital good delivery, communication services, public transit access, and other utility services may be disrupted until infrastructure repairs can occur. Landslides may also affect timber harvesting, but they are required to have Timber Harvesting Plans to avoid harvesting trees in landslide-prone areas.

5.7. Wildfire
Butte County Office of Emergency Management coordinates the overall countywide response to largescale incidents and disasters through their Emergency Operations Center, which provides information and resources for agencies to coordinate disaster response efforts.

There are wildfire evacuation plans for each town and city in the county on the Office of Emergency Management’s website that contain strategies to ensure evacuations are handled smoothly and residents know where evacuation meeting points are located. However, those without internet access or linguistically isolated people may have difficulty receiving and acting on evacuation notices and emergency alerts. For those with limited mobility or lack of access to transportation, Butte County has a Special Needs Awareness Program, established after the 2008 BTU Lightning Complex Fire, which may be able to assist these individuals or families in evacuations during wildfires. 202
53 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Butte County has adopted the 2019 California Fire Code, which includes provisions to help prevent the accumulation of combustible vegetation or rubbish that can be found to create fire hazards and potentially impact the health, safety, and general welfare of the public. Provisions include ensuring that defensible spaces, which are adjacent to each side of a building or structure, are cleared of all brush, flammable vegetation, or combustible growth (Butte County 2010). Damage to infrastructure development in Butte County must comply with the 2019 California Fire Code, which includes standards to reduce the safety risks associated with fire. This includes the incorporation of 100 feet of defensible space, which limits the proximity of combustible vegetation to new structures. However, those with limited mobility, chronic illnesses, or lack of financial resources may be unable maintain defensible space around their homes, especially in heavily forested areas.

The 2019 LHMP provides several wildfire hazard mitigation strategies to increase adaptive capacity of county residents and infrastructure to wildfire. These include wildfire fuels reduction and maintenance on the Upper Ridge, Concow/Yankee Hill, Berry Creek, Butte Meadows, Cohasset, Forest Ranch, Feather Falls, and Forbestown. Other hazard-reduction strategies include eave vent replacement and education projects, fire-wise communities and education programs, chipper programs, residents assistance defensible space programs, hazardous tree removal, fuel load management through the Department of Water Resources, and the creation of refuge areas. Policy HS-P11.4 in the Butte County General Plan requires that new development meet current State regulations for adequate emergency water flow, emergency vehicle access, signage, evacuation routes, fuel management, defensible space, fire-safe building construction, and wildfire preparedness, which would help to reduce the wildfire impacts on new development. Furthermore, Action HS-A11.1 directs the County to complete roadside fuel reduction projects to reduce wildfire risk, increase visibility, and maintain safe evacuation routes, which would help to reduce wildfire hazards (Butte County 2010).

In addition, Health and Safety Goal HS-12 and its associated policies and actions seek to protect people and property from wildland and urban fires. Specifically, Policy HS-P12.1 maintains regulations regarding vegetation clearance around structures, and Policy HS-P12.3 requires the use of fire-resistant landscaping and fuel breaks in residential areas. In addition, Policy HSP12.2 requires fuel breaks along the edge of developing areas in High and Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones, and Policy HS-P12.4 requires all developments in WUI areas in High or Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones to provide, at a minimum, small-scale water systems for fire protection (Butte County 2010).

The County’s Wildfire Mitigation Action Plan aims to reduce damage and prevent injury from wildfire through wildfire mitigations, including a fuel-reduction program, a weed-abatement program, construction codes requiring the use of fire-resistant building materials in new construction, and improvements to the water supply and hydrant system. Additionally, the Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) of 2015 will help mitigate impacts associated with wildfire in developed areas through evaluation and assessment of proposed structures, implementation of mitigation measures associated with construction and education programs for private landowners and public agencies.

Additional projects completed, in progress, or proposed in the CWPP include fuel reduction, evacuation signage, education programs, defensible space assistance, prescribed burns, defensible space inspections, and general fire planning.

The Butte County Fire Safe Council provides the portions of Butte County within its jurisdiction with a plan to combat the effects of wildland fire. The Butte County Fire Safe Council serves to protect both people and structures from fire-related damage and provides useful strategies to create an environment that is not conducive to ignition and spreading. Specific programs include a chipper program, residents 203
54 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT assistance program, fire-safe home visits, wildfire education, and forest health and fuels reduction projects.

Butte County Air Quality Management District (BCAQMD) takes actions to reduce exposure to harmful pollutants related to wildfire (e.g., particulate matter) by implementing no-burn days during periods of poor air quality. BCAQMD also provides resources to educate the public on the status of air quality on a daily basis, provides alerts on poor air quality days, and provides educational material on the health effects of air pollution. Due to the heavily forested areas of the county and several communities living on single-access roads, the adaptive capacity of several populations and assets is still relatively low for wildfires. As seen in the 2018 Camp Fire and 2020 North Complex Fire, when several of these programs were already in place, people had difficulties evacuating, lost homes and businesses, and suffered economic loss due to these fires.

6.Conclusion
The impacts and adaptive capacity described create several key vulnerabilities within Butte County. The following sections describe the key findings of the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment and provide recommended actions to increase adaptive capacity and reduce vulnerabilities to populations and assets throughout the county.

6.1. Key Findings
Out of the 71 populations and assets Butte County analyzed, 50 are highly vulnerable to at least one hazard condition. Wildfire is responsible for the highest vulnerability scores, followed by severe storms, severe wind, and extreme heat. The following list provides the key findings and critical vulnerabilities identified in the Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment:
• Populations and assets in the eastern portion of the county are most vulnerable to wildfires and populations in the western portion of the county are most vulnerable to severe storms. • Outdoor workers and low-resourced ethnic minorities are the most vulnerable populations, and highly vulnerable to all climate change hazards.
• Electrical transmission infrastructure and energy delivery services are highly vulnerable to damage or PSPS events from extreme heat, severe wind, severe storms, and wildfire. Energy delivery services are a key supporting factor for everyday activities, economic drivers, and key services.
• Water and wastewater serving both the county and other areas of California can be disrupted from drought, severe wind, severe storms, and wildfire. • Major roads, highways, and single-access roads can become impassable due to severe wind, severe storms, and wildfire, isolating populations in remote areas of the county and disrupting services to those areas.
• Recreation infrastructure and recreation on regional, state, and federal land can be disrupted by all climate change hazards.
• Agriculture is the most vulnerable economic driver in Butte County. • Conifer forests and open water ecosystems are the most vulnerable ecosystems. 204
55 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

6.2. Recommendations
The resilience of these populations and assets can increase through the implementation of adaptation measures. Adaptation is the adjustment to natural and human systems, in response to actual or expected changes in climate conditions to reduce the harmful effects of actual or expected changes (Cal OES 2020).

Potential adaptation measures that could reduce vulnerability in Butte County, and some of which are planned items in the 2019 LHMP, include:
• Promoting the creation of community support networks to check on persons without access to lifelines, seniors living alone, and persons with disabilities during dangerous conditions. • Collaborating with PG&E and other utility providers to underground electricity transmission lines. • Increasing funding through grants or private organizations for fuel reduction and vegetation management projects for both neighborhoods and infrastructure. • Continuing to provide residential assistance programs to help homeowners create and maintain defensible space and fuels management on their properties. • Conducting structural retrofits for at-risk bridges and ensuring that these retrofits include protections against flooding and landslides.
• Expanding the chipper program throughout the county to help private homeowners dispose of trees near structures, supplementing existing cost-sharing programs. • Working with farming organizations and the University of California Cooperative Extension to promote the availability of crop varieties that are more resilient to climate change while meeting market demand for yield and quality, as options become available. • Continuing to work with state and federal land management agencies to support fuel and pest management activities.
• In coordination with local, state, and federal plant and wildlife management agencies and organizations, monitoring shifts in habitats, and preserving habitats where habitat migration may be needed.
• Working with local, state, and federal plant and wildlife management agencies and organizations to protect vulnerable habitat and improve ecosystem connectivity. • Coordinating with utility providers to conduct regular evaluations and retrofits of energy transmission and delivery infrastructure.
• Incentivizing water conservation measures by establishing indoor plumbing retrofit and turf replacement programs.
• Support the implementation of Groundwater Sustainability Plans that take into consideration of the increased severity of droughts and climate change.
• Identifying equitably located resilience hubs in each community in the County to provide emergency assistance and information, cooling spaces on extreme heat days, and refuge for those who are unable to evacuate during hazardous conditions. 205
56 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

7.References
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Burton, Christopher and Susan L. Cutter. 2008. Levee Failures and Social Vulnerability in the SacramentoSan Joaquin Delta Area, California. Natural Hazards Review. Pp 136-149. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christopher_Burton3/publication/228756947_Levee_failu res_and_social_vulnerability_in_the_Sacramento-San_Joaquin_Delta_area_California/links/ 00b4953c3a884f3878000000.pdf.

Butte County. 2006. Butte County Flood Mitigation Plan. 2006. http://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/19/ButteFMP_FINAL1-8-10.pdf.

Butte County. 2010. Butte County General Plan Draft Environmental Impact Report, https://www.buttecounty.net/Portals/10/Docs/GP2030/ButteCountyGP_PublicReview_EIR.pdf?v er=2019-07-25-160952-113.

Butte County. 2020. Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan 2020-2025. https://buttecounty.opennrm.org/wiki/10689.

Butte County. 2019. Butte County 2019 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan.

Butte County. 2021. Settings and Trends Report.

Butte County CoC (Butte Countywide Homeless Continuum of Care). 2019 Continuum of Care Homeless Assistance Programs Homeless Populations and Subpopulations, Conducted March 27, 2019. https://files.hudexchange.info/reports/published/CoC_PopSub_CoC_CA-519-2019_CA_2019.pdf.

Butte County Department of Agriculture, Weights, and Measures. 2019. Butte County 2019 Crop Report.

Butte County Department of Water and Resources Conservation. 2005. Integrated Water Resources Plan.

May 2005.

Butte County Department of Water and Resources Conservation. 2016. Butte County Water Inventory Analysis. https://www.buttecounty.net/wrcdocs/Reports/I%26A/2016WI%26AFINAL.pdf.

Butte County Department of Water and Resources Conservation. 2017. Stable Isotope Recharge Study Final Report.
https://www.buttecounty.net/wrcdocs/Reports/SpecialProjects/SIRS/SIRSFinalReport.pdf. 206
57 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Butte County Department of Water and Resources Conservation. 2018a. Evaluation of Restoration and Recharge within the Butte County Groundwater Basins.
https://www.buttecounty.net/wrcdocs/Reports/SpecialProjects/GWRecharge/Recharge_Eval.pdf.

Butte County Department of Water and Resources Conservation. 2018b. Groundwater Status Report (2017 Water Year).
https://www.buttecounty.net/wrcdocs/Reports/GWStatusReports/2017/2017GSRCoverReport.p df.

Butte County Public Health Department. 2017. Butte County Community Health Assessment: 2015-2017.

Cal-Adapt. 2018. “Annual Averages”. https://cal-adapt.org/tools/annual-averages/.

CalFlora. 2017. Roy West. http://www.calflora.org/about-cf.html.

California Climate and Agricultural Network. 2019. Cultivating Climate Resilience in Farming: Ensuring California Farms and Ranches Thrive in the Face of Climate Change. https://calclimateag.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/07/Cultivating-Resilience-August-2019.pdf.

California Environmental Protection Agency. 2013 (October) Preparing California for Extreme Heat. http://www.climatechange.ca.gov/climate_action_team/reports/Preparing_California_for_Extre me_Heat.pdf.

California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. 2007. Fire Hazard Severity Zones in State Responsibility Areas: Butte County. https://osfm.fire.ca.gov/media/6652/fhszs_map4.pdf.

California Department of Food and Agriculture. 2013. Climate Change Consortium for Specialty Crops:

Impacts and Strategies for Resilience.
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California Department of Water Resources (DWR). 2020. California’s Groundwater Update 2020. file:///C:/Users/jprotsman/Downloads/calgw2020_chapters1_6.pdf.

California DWR. 2008. Managing an Uncertain Future: Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for California’s Water. https://cawaterlibrary.net/document/managing-an-uncertain-future-climatechange-adaptation-strategies-for-californias-water/.

California DWR. 2018. https://www.water.ca.gov/Water-Basics/Climate-Change-Basics California DWR. 2019. Groundwater Basin Boundary Assessment Tool (BBAT). Last updated February 11, 2019. https://gis.water.ca.gov/app/bbat/.

California Forest Pest Council. 2019. 2018 California Forest Pests Conditions.

California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (CalOES). 2020. California Adaptation Planning Guide.

June 2020.
207
58 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT California Natural Resources Agency (CNRA). 2012a. California Adaptation Planning Guide. http://resources.ca.gov/docs/climate/01APG_Planning_for_Adaptive_Communities.pdf.

CNRA. 2012b. Our Changing Climate 2012: Vulnerability and Adaptation to the Increasing Risk from Climate Change in California. https://ucanr.edu/sites/Jackson_Lab/files/155618.pdf.

CNRA. 2014. Safeguarding California: Reducing Climate Risk—An Update to the 2009 California Climate Adaptation Strategy.
http://resources.ca.gov/docs/climate/Final_Safeguarding_CA_Plan_July_31_2014.pdf.

CNRA. 2016. Safeguarding California: Implementation Action Plan. https://resources.ca.gov/CNRALegacyFiles/docs/climate/safeguarding/Safeguarding%20California -Implementation%20Action%20Plans.pdf.

CNRA. 2018. Safeguarding California Plan: 2018 Update. January 2018. https://resources.ca.gov/CNRALegacyFiles/docs/climate/safeguarding/update2018/safeguardingcalifornia-plan-2018-update.pdf.

California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (CalOES). 2018. 2018 State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. https://www.caloes.ca.gov/HazardMitigationSite/Documents/002- 2018%20SHMP_FINAL_ENTIRE%20PLAN.pdf.

CalOES. 2020. California Adaptation Planning Guide. June 2020. https://www.caloes.ca.gov/HazardMitigationSite/Documents/CA-Adaptation-Planning-GuideFINAL-June-2020-Accessible.pdf.

California Justice Working Group. 2017. Advancing Climate Justice in California: Guiding Principles and Recommendations for Policy and Funding Decisions.

City of Oroville. 2015. City of Oroville Community Climate Action Plan. http://www.cityoforoville.org/home/showdocument?id=12191.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2021. “Butte County.” National Flood Hazard Layer Viewer. Accessed May 14, 2021. https://hazardsfema.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=8b0adb51996444d4879338b5529aa9 cd.

George, Holly; David Lile; Cheree Childers; Cindy Noble; Andrea Oilar; Katherine Haworth; Kristen Schmidt; Gabe Miller. "Upper Feather River Watershed (UFRW) Irrigation Discharge Management Program" (PDF). University of California. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2010.

Retrieved 4 August 2010.

Houlton, Benjamin, Jay Lund. (University of California, Davis). 2018. Sacramento Summary Report.

California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment. Publication number: SUM-CCCA4-2018-002. 208
59 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2007. Fourth Assessment Report. http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtml.

IPCC. 2014. Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report. http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/.

Kershner, J.M., editor. 2014. A Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for Focal Resources of the Sierra Nevada. Version 1.0. EcoAdapt, Bainbridge Island, WA.

Lenihan, J.M., D. Bachelet, R.P. Neilson, & R. Drapek. 2008. Response of vegetation distribution, ecosystem productivity, and fire to climate change scenarios for California. Clim. Change 87:215- 230.

Lenihan, J.M., R. Drapek, D. Bachelet, & R.P. Neilson. 2003. Climate change effects on vegetation distribution, carbon, and fire in California. Ecological Applications 13(6):1667-1681.

Maizlish Neil, English Dorette, Chan Jacqueline, Dervin Kathy, English Paul, ‘Climate Change and Health Profile Report Butte County’ February 2017.

Motha, Ray. 2011. Chapter 30: The Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Agriculture in the United States.

OPR TAG. 2018. Executive Order B-30-15 Resiliency Guidebook Vulnerable Populations. http://opr.ca.gov/docs/20180312-Vulnerable_Communities_Descriptions.pdf.

Roos, Michelle. (E4 Strategic Solutions). 2018. Climate Justice Summary Report. California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment. Publication number: SUM-CCCA4-2018-012.

Sacramento Area Council of Governments. 2015. Sacramento Region Transportation Climate Adaptation Plan. https://www.sacog.org/sites/main/files/fileattachments/2015_sacramento_region_transportation_climate_adaptation_plan_1.pdf?1601491 789.

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https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/buttecountycalifornia/PST045217.

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Tapan B. Pathak, Mahesh L. Maskey, Jeffery A. Dahlberg, Faith Kearns, Khaled M. Bali and Daniele Zaccaria. 2018. Climate Change Trends and Impacts on California Agriculture: A Detailed Review. 209
60 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Appendix A: Countywide Climate Change Projections
Climate Change Stressor Historical Average
1961-1990
2050 – High Emission
(RCP 8.5)
2040-2060
2090 – High Emission
(RCP 8.5)
2070-2099
Maximum Average Annual
Temperature 71.0°F 76.4° F 80.1°F
Minimum Average Annual
Temperature 44.6°F 49.5°F 53.3°F
Annual Average Extreme Heat
Days
Threshold: 100.1°F 5 days 29 days 59 days
Annual Average Warm Nights
Threshold: 64.8°F 4 nights 33 nights 76 nights
Annual Average Precipitation 52.3 inches 47.2 inches 50.8 inches Annual Average Snowpack Level 1.9 inches 0.5 inches .01 inches Annual Average Wildfire Size 5,306 average annual
acres per year
8,961 average annual
acres per year
13,939 average
annual acres per year
Source: California Energy Commission. 2018. “Climate Tools”. https://cal-adapt.org/tools/. 210
61 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Appendix B: Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
Results Matrix
The Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Results Matrix shows the detailed results of the vulnerability assessment, which are summarized in in Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 above. The vulnerability assessment evaluates how the populations and assets (people, buildings and structures, resources, etc.) in the unincorporated areas of Butte County are vulnerable to different types of emergencies and hazardous conditions that may be created or made worse because of climate change. The assessment follows the recommended process in the updated California Adaptation Planning Guide, as described in Section 1.1, above, which is the State of California’s guidance for how local communities should conduct climate adaptation planning efforts, including vulnerability assessments. The vulnerability assessment relies on local, regional, and statewide datasets and studies to support the assessment.

The hazards, populations, and assets were first put into an applicability matrix to determine which hazards would affect which populations and assets. For example, bridge and tunnel infrastructure would likely be affected by wildfire but is not likely to be affected by human health hazards. For each relevant hazard and population or asset pairing, the team assessed the impact from the applicable hazard(s), and the County’s adaptive capacity to the hazard. Impact refers to how substantial the effects of the hazard are on the population or asset, from a score of low (low impact) to high (severe impact). Adaptive capacity refers to the population’s or asset’s ability to resist and recover from damage given current programs and resources, from a score of low (low adaptive capacity) to high (high adaptive capacity).

The combination of the impact (IM) and adaptive capacity (AC) score determines the population’s or asset’s vulnerability to that hazard. A low impact and high adaptive capacity score lead to low vulnerability, while a high impact and low adaptive capacity score leads to a high vulnerability score. The vulnerability scores are:
• Low: Minimal to low vulnerability
• Medium: Moderate vulnerability
• High: High to severe vulnerability
211
62 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Populations and Assets
Agriculture
and Forestry
Pests and
Diseases
Drought Extreme
Heat
Human
Health
Hazards
Severe
Wind
Severe
Storms Wildfire
Populations
Children - - High Medium Medium High High
Cost-burdened households - Low Medium Medium Low Medium Medium Households in poverty - High High High High High High
Immigrant communities High Medium High High High High High Linguistically isolated persons - - Medium Medium Medium Medium High Low-income households - Low Medium Medium Medium Medium High Low-resourced ethnic minorities High High High High High High High Overcrowded households - - Medium High Low Medium Medium Outdoor workers High High High High High High High
Persons experiencing homelessness - - High High High High High Indigenous peoples and tribal nations Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Persons living in mobile homes - - High Low High High High Communities on single access roads Medium - Low Low High High High Persons with disabilities and/or chronic
illnesses - - High High High Medium High
Persons without access to lifelines - - Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Renters - - Low Low Low Medium Medium
Seniors - - High High Medium High High
Seniors living alone - - High High High High High
Students - - Low Low Low Low Low
212
63 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Populations and Assets
Agriculture
and Forestry
Pests and
Diseases
Drought Extreme
Heat
Human
Health
Hazards
Severe
Wind
Severe
Storms Wildfire
Buildings and Infrastructure
Airports - - Low - Low Low Low
Bridges and tunnels - - - - High High Medium
Communication facilities - - Medium - High Medium Medium Community centers and libraries - - Medium - Medium Medium Medium Dams - - - - - High Low
Electrical transmission infrastructure
(substations and power lines) Low - High - High High High Emergency operation buildings - - Low - Low Low -
Evacuation and cooling centers - - Medium - Medium Medium High Flood control infrastructure (levees,
dikes, etc.) - - - - - High -
Government administrative facilities - - Medium - Low Low - Hazardous materials sites - - - - - Medium Medium
Hiking and biking trails Low Low - - Low High High
Homes and residential structures High - Medium - High High High Hospitals and medical facilities - - Low - Low Low Low
Major roads and highways Medium - Medium - - High High
Natural gas pipelines - - - - - Medium Medium
Parks and open space Low Low Medium - Low Low Medium
Power plants - - Low - Medium High Medium
Public safety buildings - - Low - Low Medium High
213
64 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Populations and Assets
Agriculture
and Forestry
Pests and
Diseases
Drought Extreme
Heat
Human
Health
Hazards
Severe
Wind
Severe
Storms Wildfire
Railways Low - High - - High High
Schools - - Medium - Medium Medium High
Single access, rural, and minor roads High - Medium - High High High Solid waste facilities and landfills - - - - Low Low Medium Transit facilities - - - - High Medium Low
Water and wastewater infrastructure - Low - - - Medium High Waterway infrastructure - Medium - - - Low Low
Economic Drivers
Agriculture High High High High High High High
Construction - - Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium
Education - - - Medium Low Low Low
Healthcare - - Low Medium Low Low Medium
Livestock Medium High High Low Medium Medium High
Manufacturing - - - Low Low Low Low
Regional recreation & tourism Low High Medium Medium Medium Medium High Rice-growing areas Medium High Medium High Medium High Low State and federal land recreation and
tourism High High High Medium Medium Medium High
Timber production High High High Medium Low High Medium 214
65 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Populations and Assets
Agriculture
and Forestry
Pests and
Diseases
Drought Extreme
Heat
Human
Health
Hazards
Severe
Wind
Severe
Storms Wildfire
Ecosystems and Natural Resources
Conifer forest High High High - Low Low High
Oak woodland High Low Low - High Low Low
Riparian woodland Medium Medium Medium - Medium Medium Medium Chaparral High Medium Low - Medium Low High
Annual grassland Low Medium Low - Low Low Medium
Open water: reservoirs, ponds, drainages Low High High - Low High High Wetlands Low High High - Low Medium Medium
Pacific Flyway Low High High - Medium Low High
Key Services
Communication services Medium - Medium - High High Medium Emergency medical response Low - Medium High Low Medium Medium Energy delivery High Low High - High High High
Vital goods delivery Medium - Low Low Low High Medium
Government administration - - Low Low Low Low Low
Public safety response Low - Low Medium Medium Medium High Public transit access Medium - High Low High High Medium Water and wastewater - High Medium - Low High High
215
66 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Appendix C: Glossary
The Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment uses some terms specific to adaptation planning. The following identifies and defines key terms that will be used throughout the vulnerability assessment. For a more comprehensive list of terms commonly used in adaptation planning, consult the California Adaptation Planning Guide (https://www.caloes.ca.gov/climate).

List of Termsi
Adaptation: Making changes in response to current or future conditions (such as the increased frequency and intensity of climate-related hazards), usually to reduce harm and to take advantage of new opportunities.ii, iii
Adaptive Capacity: The “combination of the strengths, attributes, and resources available to an individual, community, society, or organization that can be used to prepare for and undertake actions to reduce adverse impacts, moderate harm, or exploit beneficial opportunities.”iv Climate Change: A change in the state of the climate that can be identified by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer.

Community Asset: A valued feature of a community that may be harmed by climate change. Community assets may include buildings, infrastructure, community services, ecosystems, and economic drivers. See also “Populations and Assets.”
Disadvantaged Communities: Areas disproportionately affected by environmental pollution and other hazards that can lead to negative public health effects, exposure, or environmental degradation, or with concentrations of people that are of low income, high unemployment, low levels of homeownership, high rent burden, sensitive populations, or low levels of educational attainment.v,vi Drought: When conditions are drier than normal for a long period of time, making less water available for people, agricultural uses, and ecosystems.

Economic Driver: Economic assets in Butte County, including three agricultural-based sectors, major employment industries, and recreation and tourism on regional, state, and federal lands.

Exposure: The presence of people, infrastructure, natural systems, and economic, cultural, and social resources in areas that are subject to harm.vii
Extreme Event: When a weather or climate variable exceeds the upper or lower thresholds of its observed range.viii, ix
Extreme Heat: When temperatures rise significantly above normal levels and is measured by the number of extreme heat events per year and heat wave duration. An extreme heat day in Butte County is where temperatures reach at least 100.1°F.

Frontline Population: Those disproportionately affected by climate change. See “Vulnerable Populations.” 216
67 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Hazard: An event or physical condition that has the potential to cause fatalities, injuries, property damage, infrastructure damage, agricultural losses, damage to the environment, interruption of business, or other types of harm or loss.x
Hazard Mitigation: Sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to human life and property through actions that reduce hazard, exposure, and vulnerability.xi Impact: The effects (especially the negative effects) of a hazard or other conditions associated with climate change.

Populations and Assets: Populations and assets are the people, infrastructure, services, and economic drivers in Butte County that can be affected by climate change.

Resilience: The capacity of any entity—an individual, a community, an organization, or a natural system— to prepare for disruptions, to recover from shocks and stresses, and to adapt and grow from a disruptive experience. Community resilience is the ability of communities to withstand, recover, and to learn from past disasters to strengthen future response and recovery efforts.

Risk: The potential for damage or loss created by the interaction of hazards with assets such as buildings, infrastructure, or natural and cultural resources.

Sensitivity: The level to which a species, natural system, or community, government, etc., would be affected by changing climate conditions.xii
Susceptibility: A person or population’s potential for vulnerability due to demographic, socioeconomic, and geolocation characteristics.

Vulnerability: Climate vulnerability describes the degree to which natural, built, and human systems are susceptible “…to harm from exposure to stresses associated with environmental and social change and from the absence of capacity to adapt.”xiii
Vulnerability Assessment: An analysis of how a changing climate may harm a community and which elements—people, buildings and structures, resources, and other assets—are most vulnerable to its effects based on an assessment of exposure, sensitivity, the potential impact(s), and the community’s adaptive capacity.

Vulnerable Populations: Vulnerable populations include, but are not limited to, elderly, children, agricultural and outdoor workers, and those suffering from pre-existing cardiovascular or respiratory conditions.
xiv, xv
217
68 BUTTE COUNTY CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

8.Endnotes
i California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services, “California Adaptation Planning Guide”, 2020. ii Louise Bedsworth, Dan Cayan, Guido Franco, Leah Fisher, Sonya Ziaja, “Statewide Summary Report,” in California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment, publication number: SUMCCCA4-2018-013, 2018. iii California Natural Resource Agency, Safeguarding California Plan: 2018 Update: California’s Climate Adaptation Strategy, 2018, http://resources.ca.gov/docs/climate/safeguarding/update2018/safeguarding-california-plan-2018- update.pdf. iv Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, “Annex II: Glossary,” ed. K. J. Mach, S. Planton, and C. von Stechow, in Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report, ed. Core Writing Team, R. K. Pachauri, and L. A. Meyer (Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC, 2014), p. 117–130, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/. v California Natural Resource Agency, Safeguarding California Plan: 2018 Update: California’s Climate Adaptation Strategy, 2018, p. 231. vi California Health and Safety Code, Division 26, Part 2, Chapter 4.1, “Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund Investment Plan and Communities Revitalization Act,” Section 39711. vii Louise Bedsworth, Dan Cayan, Guido Franco, Leah Fisher, Sonya Ziaja, “Statewide Summary Report,” in California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment, publication number: SUMCCCA4-2018-013, 2018. viii California Natural Resource Agency, Safeguarding California Plan: 2018 Update: California’s Climate Adaptation Strategy, 2018, p. 231. ix International Panel on Climate Change, “Glossary of Terms,” in Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation, special report of Working Groups I and II of the IPCC, ed. C. B.

Field et al. (Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012), p. 555–564, https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/SREX_Full_Report-1.pdf. x California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services, California State Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2018, https://www.caloes.ca.gov/cal-oes-divisions/hazard-mitigation/hazard-mitigation-planning/state-hazard-mitigationplan. xi California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services, California State Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2018. xii California Natural Resource Agency, Safeguarding California Plan: 2018 Update: California’s Climate Adaptation Strategy, 2018, p. 231. xiii Neil Adger, “Vulnerability,” Global Environmental Change 16 (2006): 268–281, https://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/~nabo/meetings/glthec/materials/simpson/GEC_sdarticle2.pdf. xiv California Natural Resource Agency, Safeguarding California Plan: 2018 Update: California’s Climate Adaptation Strategy, 2018, p. 231, http://resources.ca.gov/docs/climate/safeguarding/update2018/safeguarding-californiaplan-2018-update.pdf. xv California Health and Safety Code, Division 112, Part 1, Chapter 1, “Organization of the State Department of Public Health,” Section 131019.5.
218

Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: March 12, 2024
Agenda Item: 6(a)
ORIGINATED BY: Colin Nelson, Capital Projects Manager
REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Award Contract No. 2023-005 Progressive Design Build Services to Mountain Cascade/Carollo Engineers
for the Paradise Sewer Project

LONG TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

Yes
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. Consider concurring with staff’s recommendation for awarding the contract for Progressive Design Build Services for the Paradise Sewer Project to the Mountain Cascade-Carollo team; and,

2. Authorize the Town Manager to enter into a Progressive Design Build Contract (2023- 005) with the recommended firm, contingent upon approval by the Town Attorney; and,

3. Adopt Resolution No. 2024-__, “A Resolution Designating Authority to the Paradise Town Manager to Execute Individual Contract Amendments Under the Resultant Progressive Design Build Contract for RFQ 2023-005 Progressive Design Build Services with Mountain Cascade/Carollo Engineers for the Paradise Sewer Project up to the maximum contract aggregate amount of $17,000,000 to complete the initial design and progressive design build process for the Paradise Sewer Project.” (ROLL

CALL VOTE)
Background:

Since its incorporation in 1979, the Town has sought a formal wastewater treatment solution for the community, with service for commercial and densely populated residential areas being a priority. Failed and failing septic systems create public health and environmental concerns and have limited economic growth. Prior to the Camp Fire, which almost completely destroyed the town in 2018, Paradise was the largest unsewered community in California. The Town has prepared numerous studies to address its need for a centralized wastewater treatment solution, and in its most recent study, the Town identified a proposed sewer service area. The proposed sewer service area includes the Town’s commercial corridors, and as described in the 2017 feasibility study, it represented the area that had the most septic systems that had failed or were projected to fail by 2022.

The Paradise Sewer Project consists of three primary components: Core Collection System, Export Pipeline System, and Extended Collection System. The Core Collection System would support the centralized businesses and housing in Town, including approximately 1,500 parcels 219
along the Skyway, Clark Road, and Pearson Road corridors. The proposed Export Pipeline System would start at the southern end of the Core Collection System as a gravity sewer line and would continue southwest approximately 18 miles to the City of Chico for connection to the Chico Water Pollution Control Plant. Other than the Town of Paradise flow, no other connections will be allowed to the export pipeline. The Extended Collection System would be an extension of the Core Collection System that would allow collection of sewage from parcels outside the Core Collection System, but within the Town limits.

The Town of Paradise has secured $30 million for pre-construction phases of work (environmental, design, right of way, and permitting) and an additional $15 Million for construction through Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery Planning and Infrastructure funds to facilitate the design phase of the Paradise Sewer Project.

Analysis:

On October 30, 2023, staff issued a formal Request for Qualifications (RFQ 2023-005) utilizing formal selection procedures in compliance with Paradise Municipal Code, State and Federal requirements including regulations for typical federally funded projects as well as specific requirements utilizing CDBG-DR funds. The RFQ stated the scope of work for the Progressive Design Build Services and requested proposers provide their qualifications and experience and included price as a component.

In general, the Scope of Work for the Progressive Design Build Team is as follows:
 Develop and implement Project Management Plan, including all schedule and cost tools.  Perform Risk Management and Mitigation activities.
 Establish and maintain Change Management Plan
 Develop and implement Project Health and Safety practices.  Facilitate resolution of Project issues and challenges  Support Project funding activity
 Support Public Information activity
 Provide additional Town-requested, Project-specific services necessary for Project success
 Lead engineering and design team resources
 Develop design deliverables
 Support Project funding activity
 Recommend technology solutions
 Facilitate review of construction submittals and verify design intent is being met during construction
 Manage interface between design and construction team members  Support Project funding activity
 Prepare and maintain a Project Cost Model and Project Schedule  Provide constructability input during design.
 Prepare equipment and subcontract procurement plans.
 Develop procurement and construction proposal(s) and negotiate in good faith  Deliver constructed work
 Support Project funding requirements
 Manage self-performing and subcontracted work
220
 Manage craft labor
 Maintain site safety and security
 Perform engineering services during construction
 Obtain and comply with government approvals and permits for which the Design-Builder is responsible
 Provide warranty coverage for constructed work
 Maintain and transmit as-built drawings to the Town at construction completion  Participate in the early development of the operations plan  Coordinate construction activities with and lead assigned testing, commissioning, startup, and training activities, coordinating with future O&M staff to minimize impacts  Provide timely and complete submission of manufacturer’s equipment O&M materials  Prepare system O&M manual
The contract term for the Progressive Design Build Team is designed for a base term of five years, with the possibility of one-year extensions at the sole discretion of the Town Manager.

By December 15, 2023 at 12:00 P.M., Town staff had received seven (7) responses to the RFQ.

The proposers are listed below:

1. Kiewit / Woodard & Curan

2. Flatiron / Rasic JV

3. Teichert / AECOM JV

4. Preston Pipelines / Sandis Engineers

5. Mountain Cascade / Carollo Engineers

6. Sukut / West Coast Civil

7. Garney
A five-member evaluation committee was formed to evaluate the proposals, including the following members:

Ashley Stanley, Butte County Department of Public Works Marc Mattox, Town of Paradise Public Works Director/Town Engineer Jim Goodwin, Town of Paradise, Town Manager
Colin Nelson, Town of Paradise, Capitol Projects Manager Guy Voss, HDR, Town of Paradise Owners Agent
The Committee received and ranked the proposals according to the criteria provided in the RFQ and shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1: Evaluation Criteria Table
Section Evaluation Criteria Points
Possible
1 Respondent Profile and Minimum Requirements (Pass/Fail) 2 Project Understanding and Project Approach 30
3 Project Team and Organizational Structure 10
4 Key Personnel 30
5 Relevant Project Experience 25
6 BODR Scope of Services, Schedule and Fee 5
221
Committee review of the proposals was performed independently. Evaluation scoring & ranking are shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2
Staff recommends Council consider awarding contract 2023-005 to the Mountain Cascade/ Carollo Engineers Progressive Design Build Team to complete final design on the Paradise Sewer Project and eventually construct the project once construction funding is secured.

The proposed Progressive Design Build Contract is attached to this Agenda Summary. Council is requested to approve this Agreement in its current form and any minor modifications prior to full Contract execution by the Town Manager as approved by the Town Attorney. Minor modifications are defined as agreed items which do not affect the cost or delivery of the project.

Following award of the Progressive Design Build Contract, staff and the Progressive Design Build team will immediately begin work on Phase 1A, as described in the Contract, to deliver a Basis of Design Report. Subsequent to completion of the Basis of Design Report, the Town Manager will be authorized to execute subsequent Contract Amendments to deliver the remaining Project services described under the not-to-exceed aggregate amount of $17M approved by Council.

Future Council actions relating to this contract award will include major milestones such as amendments to include construction services.

Financial Impact:

The Progressive Design Build Contract and associated Contract Amendments will include a combination of federal and state funds with an estimated not-to-exceed aggregate amount of $17,000,000. It is anticipated all costs associated with this Agreement will be sourced to the $30 million CDBG-DR award.

Attachments:

1. Resolution approving Contract 2023-005

2. Agreement (Contract) for Progressive Design Build Services for the Paradise Sewer Project

3. Scope of services for the PDB contract

4. Schedule

5. Budget for phase 1A up to the Basis of Design Report 222
1 TOWN OF PARADISE
RESOLUTION NO. 2024-__

RESOLUTION DESIGNATING AUTHORITY TO THE PARADISE TOWN MANAGER

TO EXECUTE INDIVIDUAL CONTRACT AMENDMENTS UNDER

THE RESULTANT PROGRESSIVE DESIGN BUILD CONTRACT
FOR RFQ 2023-005 PROGRESSIVE DESIGN BUILD SERVICES WITH MOUNTAIN

CASCADE/ CAROLLO ENGINEERS FOR THE PARADISE SEWER PROJECT UP TO THE MAXIMUM CONTRACT AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF $17,000,000

TO COMPLETE THE INITIAL DESIGN AND PROGRESSIVE DESIGN BUILD PROCESS FOR THE PARADISE SEWER PROJECT.

WHEREAS, the 2018 Camp Fire caused unprecedented damage to the Town of Paradise and has necessitated a variety of recovery projects which are further guided by the Paradise Long-Term Recovery Plan;
WHEREAS, the Paradise Sewer Project is by far the largest project in scale, cost and overall benefit to the community;
WHEREAS, to ensure delivery of the Town of Paradise Sewer Project, Town staff issued a Request for Qualifications “Progressive Design Build Services for the Paradise Sewer Project” (RFQ 2023-005);
WHEREAS, RFQ 2023-005 was designed for a base term of five years, with the possibility of one-year extensions at the sole discretion of the Town Manager; WHEREAS, RFQ 2023-005 was designed for a not-to-exceed aggregate contract amount of $17,000,000 to be issued as individual contract amendments to the Progressive Design Build Contract;
WHEREAS, RFQ 2023-005 was prepared and reviewed under the most stringent of procurement standards, meeting Paradise Municipal Code, State and Federal requirements;
WHEREAS, RFQ 2023-005 was advertised on October 30, 2023 for work relating to the Town of Paradise Sewer Project, with major scopes of work categories listed below:
 Develop and implement a Project Management Plan, including all schedule and cost tools
 Perform Risk Management and Mitigation activities
 Establish and maintain a Change Management Plan
 Develop and implement a Project Health and Safety practices  Facilitate resolution of Project issues and challenges  Support Project funding activity
 Support Public Information activity
 Provide additional Town-requested, Project-specific services necessary for Project success
 Lead engineering and design team resources
223
2  Develop design deliverables
 Support Project funding activity
 Recommend technology solutions
 Facilitate review of construction submittals and verify design intent is being met during construction
 Manage interface between design and construction team members  Prepare and maintain a Project Cost Model and Project Schedule  Provide constructability input during design
 Prepare equipment and subcontract procurement plans
 Develop procurement and construction proposal(s) and negotiate in good faith  Deliver constructed work
 Support Project funding requirements
 Manage self-performing and subcontracted work
 Manage craft labor
 Maintain site safety and security
 Perform engineering services during construction
 Obtain and comply with government approvals and permits for which the DesignBuilder is responsible  Provide warranty coverage for constructed work
 Maintain and transmit as-built drawings to the Town at construction completion  Participate in the early development of the operations plan  Coordinate construction activities with and lead assigned testing, commissioning, startup, and training activities, coordinating with future O&M staff to minimize impacts
 Provide timely and complete submission of manufacturer’s equipment O&M materials
 Prepare system O&M manual
WHEREAS, seven (7) proposals were received by December 15, 2023, and following subsequent evaluation and interview, the Mountain Cascade-Carollo Team was recommended for the Progressive Design Build Contract;
WHEREAS, by designating the Town Manager authority to execute all contract amendments associated with RFQ 2023-005, full benefits of this robust procurement process will be realized.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, by the Town Council of the Town of Paradise as follows:

Section 1. The above recitals are true and correct and are incorporated as if fully set forth herein.

Section 2. The Paradise Town Manager is authorized to execute a Progressive Design Build Contract with the above-recommended Progressive Design Build Team in its current form including any current or subsequent minor modifications approved in 224
3 writing by the Town Attorney. Minor modifications are defined as agreed items which do not affect the cost or delivery of the project.

Section 3. The Paradise Town Manager is authorized to execute individual contract amendments under the Progressive Design Build Contract for RFQ 2023-05 Progressive Design Build Services for the Paradise Sewer Project, not to exceed the maximum contract aggregate amount of $17,000,000 to complete the initial design and progressive design build process for the Paradise Sewer Project and for a base term of five years, with the possibility of one-year extensions.

PASSED AND ADOPTED by the Town Council of the Town of Paradise on this 12 th day of March, 2024, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

By:

Ronald Lassonde, Mayor
ATTEST:

Dina Volenski, CMC, Town Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM:

Scott E. Huber, Town Attorney
225

EXECUTION COPY
3835755.11 047018 CTR

DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACT

FOR THE

TOWN OF PARADISE SEWER PROJECT
between

THE TOWN OF PARADISE
and
MOUNTAIN CASCADE, INC.

Dated
March 13, 2024
226
3835755.11 047018 CTR
[This Page Intentionally Left Blank]
227
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ARTICLE 1

DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATION
SECTION 1.1. DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................. 3 SECTION 1.2. INTERPRETATION ........................................................................................ 28 (A) Gender and Plurality ............................................................................ 28 (B) Persons ............................................................................................... 28 (C) Headings ............................................................................................. 28 (D) References Hereto ................................................................................ 28 (E) References to Days and Time of Day ..................................................... 28 (F) References to Including ........................................................................ 28 (G) References to Statutes ......................................................................... 28 (H) References to the Town, Governmental Bodies and Private Persons ....... 29 (I) References to Documents and Standards.............................................. 29 (J) References to All Reasonable Efforts ..................................................... 29 (K) Entire Agreement ................................................................................. 29 (L) Standards of Workmanship and Materials ............................................ 29 (M) Technical Standards and Codes ........................................................... 29 (N) Causing Performance ........................................................................... 29 (O) Party Bearing Cost of Performance ....................................................... 30 (P) Good Engineering and Construction Practice ........................................ 30 (Q) Interpretation of Contract Documents .................................................. 30 (R) Applicability, Stringency and Consistency of Contract Standards .......... 30 (S) Delivery of Documents in Digital Format .............................................. 30 (T) Severability .......................................................................................... 30 (U) Drafting Responsibility ......................................................................... 31 (V) No Third-Party Rights .......................................................................... 31 (W) Acting Reasonably and in Good Faith; Discretion .................................. 31 (X) Counterparts ....................................................................................... 31 (Y) Governing Law ..................................................................................... 31 (Z) Defined Terms ..................................................................................... 31 (AA) Interpolation ........................................................................................ 31 (BB) Accounting and Financial Terms .......................................................... 31 (CC) References to Dollar Amounts .............................................................. 31 (DD) Liquidated Damages ............................................................................ 31 (EE) Convenience Termination ..................................................................... 32 ARTICLE 2

DESIGN-BUILDER REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
SECTION 2.1. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE DESIGN-BUILDER ............. 33 (A) Existence and Powers .......................................................................... 33 (B) Due Authorization and Binding Obligation ........................................... 33 (C) No Conflict........................................................................................... 33 (D) No Commitments Limiting Ability to Perform Contract Obligations ........ 33 (E) No Approvals Required ......................................................................... 33 (F) Licensing and Registration Requirements ............................................. 33 (G) No Litigation ........................................................................................ 34 228
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(H) Claims and Demands ........................................................................... 34 (I) Applicable Law Compliance .................................................................. 34 (J) Information Supplied by the Design-Builder ......................................... 34 (K) Intellectual Property ............................................................................. 34 (L) Practicability of Performance ................................................................ 34 (M) Required Insurance ............................................................................. 34 ARTICLE 3
TERM
SECTION 3.1. EFFECTIVE DATE AND TERM....................................................................... 35 (A) Term ................................................................................................... 35 (B) Accrued Rights .................................................................................... 35 SECTION 3.2. SURVIVAL .................................................................................................... 35 ARTICLE 4

GENERAL PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
SECTION 4.1. PROJECT SCOPE AND PERSONNEL ............................................................. 37 (A) Project Scope Generally ........................................................................ 37 (B) Pricing Established on the Contract Date ............................................. 37 (C) Pricing Established Subsequent to the Contract Date ........................... 37 SECTION 4.2. DESIGN-BUILDER RESPONSIBILITIES GENERALLY ..................................... 37 (A) Reliance .............................................................................................. 37 (B) Scope of the Contract Obligations......................................................... 37 (C) Cooperation ......................................................................................... 38 (D) Responsibility for Personnel and Subcontractors .................................. 38 (E) Stationing of Key Personnel .................................................................. 38 SECTION 4.3. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW .......................................................................... 38 (A) CEQA .................................................................................................. 38 (B) NEPA ................................................................................................... 39 SECTION 4.4. ACCESS TO AND SUITABILITY OF THE PROJECT SITES ............................... 39 (A) Familiarity with the Project Sites .......................................................... 39 (B) Independent Verification of the Town-Provided Project Sites Information ....................................................................................... 40 (C) Access to the Project Sites .................................................................... 40 (D) Core Collection System Rights of Way ................................................... 40 (E) Export Pipeline System Rights of Way................................................... 41 (F) Project Sites Signage ............................................................................ 41 SECTION 4.5. INFORMATION PROVIDED BY OR ON BEHALF OF THE TOWN ...................... 41 (A) Generally ............................................................................................. 41 SECTION 4.6. COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE LAW ......................................................... 41 (A) Compliance with Applicable Law Generally ........................................... 41 (B) Compliance with Conditions in Governmental Approvals ...................... 41 (C) Fines, Penalties and Remediation ......................................................... 42 (D) Compliance with Conditions in Grants ................................................. 42 SECTION 4.7. ENGAGEMENT OF TOWN REPRESENTATIVES ............................................. 42 SECTION 4.8. OWNERSHIP AND USE OF DOCUMENTS AND INFORMATION ....................... 43 SECTION 4.9. MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORTS .................................................................. 43 229
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ARTICLE 5

PRELIMINARY SERVICES
SECTION 5.1. SCOPE OF THE PRELIMINARY SERVICES ..................................................... 44 (A) Generally ............................................................................................. 44 (B) Phase 1a Base Preliminary Services; Notice to Proceed .......................... 44 (C) Development of Subsequent Preliminary Services Phase Base Preliminary Services .......................................................................... 44 (D) Subsequent Preliminary Services Phase Base Preliminary Services; Notice to Proceed ............................................................................... 46 (E) No Obligation of Town to Enter Into Any Subsequent Preliminary Services Phase Preliminary Services Amendment ............................... 46 SECTION 5.2. CHANGES TO THE SCOPE OF THE PRELIMINARY SERVICES ....................... 47 (A) Generally ............................................................................................. 47 (B) Additional Preliminary Services ............................................................ 47 (C) Additional Preliminary Services Resulting From Delay .......................... 47 (D) Exclusions from Additional Preliminary Services ................................... 47 (E) Changes that Reduce the Scope of the Preliminary Services .................. 47 SECTION 5.3. PRELIMINARY SERVICES SCHEDULE .......................................................... 48 SECTION 5.4. COORDINATION WITH TOWN ....................................................................... 48 (A) Meetings and Reports Generally ........................................................... 48 (B) Information Provided by the Town ........................................................ 48 (C) Required Design Information ................................................................ 49 (D) Revisions to Drawings and Specifications ............................................. 49 SECTION 5.5. PROJECT DESIGN ....................................................................................... 49 (A) Design Considerations ......................................................................... 49 (B) Design-Builder Assumption of Full Design Liability .............................. 49 SECTION 5.6. EARLY WORK PACKAGES ............................................................................ 50 (A) Early Work Packages ........................................................................... 50 (B) Early Work Package Submittals ........................................................... 50 (C) Early Work Package Submittal Revisions .............................................. 51 (D) Negotiation and Execution ................................................................... 51 (E) Complete Early Design-Build Work Package Pricing .............................. 51 (F) Compensation Payable in Connection With Early Work Packages .......... 51 (G) Design-Builder Representations in an Early Work Package Amendment ...................................................................................... 52 (H) Limited Authorization to Proceed; Commencement of Early Work Package ............................................................................................ 52 SECTION 5.7. GMP SUBMITTAL ......................................................................................... 52 (A) Preliminary Services and GMP Submittal .............................................. 52 (B) Derivation of Proposed Base Guaranteed Maximum Price ..................... 54 (C) Design-Builder Fee .............................................................................. 54 (D) Early GMP Submittal ........................................................................... 54 SECTION 5.8. GMP AMENDMENT ...................................................................................... 54 (A) Non-Compliant GMP Submittal ............................................................ 54 (B) Negotiation and Execution of the GMP Amendment .............................. 55 (C) Base Guaranteed Maximum Price Negotiating Principles ....................... 55 (D) Obligations of the Design-Builder Relating to the GMP Amendment ...... 56 (E) No Obligation of the Town to Enter Into a GMP Amendment.................. 56 (F) Elective Continuance of the Project by the Parties on Other Bases ........ 56 230
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(G) Elective Continuance of the Project by the Town with Other Contractors; Project Documents ........................................................ 57 (H) Design-Builder Representations in a GMP Amendment ......................... 57 (I) Performance Bond and Payment Bond .................................................. 58 SECTION 5.9. APPROVALS REQUIRED PRIOR TO DESIGN-BUILD PERIOD ......................... 58 ARTICLE 6

DESIGN-BUILD WORK
SECTION 6.1. DESIGN-BUILD PERIOD WORK GENERALLY ................................................ 59 (A) Authorization to Proceed; Commencement and Completion of the Design-Build Period Work ................................................................. 59 (B) Elements of the Design-Build Period Work ............................................ 59 (C) Sequencing and Staging of Design-Build Period Work ........................... 60 (D) Construction Work Hours .................................................................... 60 (E) Laydown Areas .................................................................................... 60 (F) Design-Build Period Work Schedule and Reports .................................. 60 (G) On-Site Meetings and Design and Construction Review ........................ 61 (H) Construction Utilities ........................................................................... 61 (I) Quality Assurance and Quality Control ................................................ 61 (J) Title and Risk of Loss ........................................................................... 61 (K) Encumbrances .................................................................................... 61 (L) Notice of Default .................................................................................. 61 (M) Required Project Manager Certification ................................................. 62 (N) Partnering Requirements ..................................................................... 62 (O) Temporary Project Sites Facilities ......................................................... 62 (P) Sensitivity to Stakeholders ................................................................... 62 (Q) Utility Coordination and Relocation ...................................................... 62 SECTION 6.2. CONSTRUCTION COMMENCEMENT DATE ................................................... 63 (A) Construction Commencement Date Generally ....................................... 63 (B) Establishment of the Construction Commencement Date ...................... 64 (C) Effect of the Establishment of the Construction Commencement Date.................................................................................................. 64 SECTION 6.3. DIFFERING SITE CONDITIONS ..................................................................... 64 (A) Preliminary Services Relating to Differing Site Conditions ..................... 64 (B) Commencing Subsurface Excavations .................................................. 64 (C) Discovery of Differing Site Conditions ................................................... 65 (D) Relief for Differing Site Conditions ........................................................ 65 SECTION 6.4. REGULATED SITE CONDITIONS ................................................................... 65 (A) Design-Builder Responsibilities ............................................................ 65 (B) Cultural Resources .............................................................................. 66 (C) Endangered Species ............................................................................. 66 (D) Encountering of Regulated Substances ................................................. 66 (E) Uncontrollable Circumstance Relief ...................................................... 66 (F) Generator Liability ............................................................................... 66 SECTION 6.5. PERMITTING RESPONSIBILITIES AND SCHEDULE ....................................... 67 (A) Design-Builder Governmental and Non-Governmental Approval Responsibility Generally .................................................................... 67 (B) Application Process .............................................................................. 67 (C) Town Managed Governmental Approval Responsibility .......................... 67 231
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(D) Design-Builder Responsibility For the Town Managed
Governmental Approvals and Town Managed Non-Governmental Approvals .......................................................................................... 68 (E) No Relief for Delays or Conditions in Design-Builder Managed Governmental Approvals or Design-Builder Managed NonGovernmental Approvals ................................................................... 69 (F) Adjustment to Scheduled Substantial Completion Date Based on Delays in Obtaining Town Managed Governmental Approvals or Town Managed Non-Governmental Approvals .................................... 69 (G) Relief Based on Certain Permitting Terms and Conditions ..................... 69 SECTION 6.6. INTERFACE AND COORDINATION WITH OTHER ENTITIES ........................... 70 (A) City of Chico ........................................................................................ 70 (B) Butte County ....................................................................................... 70 (C) UPRR .................................................................................................. 70 (D) Caltrans .............................................................................................. 70 SECTION 6.7. FINAL DESIGN RESPONSIBILITIES AND RISK ASSUMPTION ......................... 70 (A) Performance of the Design Work........................................................... 70 (B) Sole Responsibility and Liability ........................................................... 70 (C) Town Review and Comment on Final Design Documents....................... 71 (D) Documents at the Project Site .............................................................. 71 SECTION 6.8. CHANGES TO THE BASELINE DESIGN DOCUMENTS AT DESIGNBUILDER REQUEST ..................................................................................... 71 (A) Town Consent Required ....................................................................... 71 (B) Notice and Information as to Proposed Change ..................................... 72 SECTION 6.9. OTHER CHANGES TO THE BASELINE DESIGN DOCUMENTS ....................... 72 (A) Changes Made Due to Uncontrollable Circumstances ........................... 72 (B) Changes Required by Governmental Bodies .......................................... 72 (C) Changes Required by the Town ............................................................ 73 SECTION 6.10. CHANGE PROCEDURES ............................................................................... 73 (A) Generally ............................................................................................. 73 (B) Design-Builder Change Order Proposal ................................................ 73 (C) Negotiation of Proposed Change Order .................................................. 73 (D) Effect of Design-Builder’s Signature ..................................................... 74 SECTION 6.11. WORK CHANGE DIRECTIVES ....................................................................... 74 (A) Town Right to Issue ............................................................................. 74 (B) Disagreement with Terms of a Work Change Directive .......................... 75 SECTION 6.12. DESIGN-BUILD PERIOD WORK DELIVERABLE MATERIAL............................ 75 SECTION 6.13. INTERFACE AND COORDINATION WITH TOWN, UTILITIES AND OTHER CONTRACTORS ........................................................................................... 75 (A) Maintenance of Operations During Construction .................................. 75 (B) Related Projects Generally .................................................................... 75 (C) Interrelated Work ................................................................................. 76 (D) Disputes Associated with Separate Work .............................................. 76 SECTION 6.14. SUSPENSION OF WORK ............................................................................... 76 SECTION 6.15. CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE ......................................................................... 77 (A) Exclusive Responsibility of Design-Builder ........................................... 77 (B) Project Sites Debris, Trash and Waste .................................................. 77 SECTION 6.16. RESPONSIBILITY FOR SAFETY AND SECURITY ............................................ 77 (A) Safety Manager .................................................................................... 77 (B) Precautions and Protection; Project Sites Security ................................ 78 (C) Health and Safety Inspections and Meetings ......................................... 78 (D) Health and Safety Compliance Requirements ........................................ 78 232
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(E) Emergencies ........................................................................................ 79 (F) Traffic Control ..................................................................................... 79 SECTION 6.17. CONSTRUCTION MONITORING, OBSERVATIONS, TESTING AND UNCOVERING OF WORK .............................................................................. 79 (A) Observations and Design-Build Work Review Protocol .......................... 79 (B) Factory Fabrication, Inspection and Testing ......................................... 79 (C) Design-Builder Tests ............................................................................ 80 (D) Certificates and Reports ....................................................................... 80 (E) Town Tests, Observations and Inspections ........................................... 80 (F) Notice of Covering Design-Build Work .................................................. 80 SECTION 6.18. CORRECTION OF WORK .............................................................................. 81 (A) Correction of Non-Conforming Design-Build Work ................................ 81 (B) Election to Accept Non-Conforming Design-Build Work......................... 81 (C) Relation to Other Obligations ............................................................... 81 SECTION 6.19. PROPERTY DAMAGE DURING THE DESIGN-BUILD PERIOD ......................... 82 (A) Damage Prevention .............................................................................. 82 (B) Restoration .......................................................................................... 82 (C) Notice and Reports ............................................................................... 82 (D) Insurance and Other Third-Party Payments .......................................... 82 (E) Payment for Restoration Work and Uninsured Costs ............................. 82 (F) Repair of the Town and Private Property ............................................... 83 SECTION 6.20. OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL ................................................. 83 SECTION 6.21. PUNCH LIST ITEMS ...................................................................................... 83 (A) Punch List Requirements ..................................................................... 83 (B) Completion of Punch List Items ............................................................ 84 ARTICLE 7

MANAGEMENT, LABOR AND SUBCONTRACTORS
SECTION 7.1. MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................ 85 (A) Project Manager ................................................................................... 85 (B) Town Rights With Respect to Key Personnel ......................................... 85 SECTION 7.2. LABOR ......................................................................................................... 86 (A) Personnel Performance ........................................................................ 86 (B) Training of Design-Builder and Subcontractor Employees ..................... 86 (C) Labor Relations .................................................................................... 86 (D) Notice of Labor Disputes ...................................................................... 86 (E) Federal and State Prevailing Wage Requirements .................................. 86 (F) Labor Compliance ................................................................................ 88 (G) Non-Discrimination in Employment ..................................................... 88 (H) Drug-Free Workplace ........................................................................... 88 (I) Overtime Work ..................................................................................... 88 (J) Inclusion in Subcontracts .................................................................... 89 (K) Design-Builder Employee Whistleblower Rights and Requirement to Inform Employees of Whistleblower Rights ..................................... 89 (L) Employee-Related Insurance Coverage ................................................. 89 (M) Applicability of Certain Grant Requirements ......................................... 89 (N) Skilled and Trained Workforce Requirements........................................ 89 SECTION 7.3. SUBCONTRACTING GENERALLY .................................................................. 89 (A) Limited Right to Subcontract ............................................................... 89 (B) Approval Required ............................................................................... 90 233
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(C) Performance Failure ............................................................................. 90 (D) Restricted Persons ............................................................................... 90 (E) Subcontractor Licensing ...................................................................... 90 (F) Availability of Subcontractors and Key Personnel .................................. 90 (G) Assignability ........................................................................................ 91 (H) Prompt Payment .................................................................................. 91 (I) Subcontractor Claims .......................................................................... 91 (J) Design-Builder Employee Claims .......................................................... 91 (K) Subcontracting with Small and Minority Businesses, Women’s Business Enterprises and Labor Surplus Area Firms ......................... 92 SECTION 7.4. SELF-PERFORMANCE AND SUBCONTRACTOR SELECTION ......................... 92 (A) Self-Performed Construction Work Generally ........................................ 92 (B) Subcontractor Selection Generally ........................................................ 92 (C) Subcontracting Plan ............................................................................ 92 (D) Division of Work .................................................................................. 93 (E) Pre-Bid Conferences............................................................................. 93 (F) Competitive Procedures for Construction Work ..................................... 93 (G) Alternative Procedures for Construction Work ...................................... 94 (H) Procurement of Subcontractors Prior to the GMP Amendment Date ...... 94 (I) Use of Approved Subcontractors; Non-Substitution .............................. 94 (J) Security for Construction Subcontractor Performance .......................... 94 SECTION 7.5. TERMINATION, AMENDMENT, ASSIGNMENT AND REPLACEMENT OF MATERIAL SUBCONTRACTS ........................................................................ 95 (A) Termination, Amendment and Assignment ........................................... 95 (B) Replacement ........................................................................................ 95 ARTICLE 8

SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION AND FINAL COMPLETION
SECTION 8.1. SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION DATE CONDITIONS ......................................... 96 (A) Substantial Completion Date Conditions .............................................. 96 SECTION 8.2. CONCURRENCE OR DISAGREEMENT WITH SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION DATE ..................................................................................... 97 (A) Substantial Completion Date Concurrence ........................................... 97 (B) Substantial Completion Date Disagreement .......................................... 97 SECTION 8.3. EFFECT OF UNEXCUSED DELAY; EXTENSION PERIOD ............................... 97 (A) Schedule for Completing the Design-Build Work ................................... 97 (B) Unexcused Delay ................................................................................. 97 (C) Delay Liquidated Damages ................................................................... 97 (D) Failure to Achieve Substantial Completion by End of Extension Period ............................................................................................... 98 SECTION 8.4. FINAL COMPLETION .................................................................................... 98 (A) Requirements of Final Completion ........................................................ 98 (B) Notice and Report of Final Completion .................................................. 98 (C) Achievement of Final Completion ......................................................... 98 ARTICLE 9

CONTRACT COMPENSATION
SECTION 9.1. COMPENSATION FOR PRELIMINARY SERVICES ......................................... 100 234
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(A) Compensation for Base Preliminary Services ...................................... 100 (B) Compensation for Additional Preliminary Services .............................. 100 (C) Payment Requests and Payment ......................................................... 100 (D) Non-Compliant Preliminary Services .................................................. 100 (E) Billing Statement Disputes ................................................................. 100 SECTION 9.2. DESIGN-BUILD PRICE ............................................................................... 101 SECTION 9.3. DESIGN-BUILD PRICE PAYMENT PROCEDURE .......................................... 101 (A) Payments .......................................................................................... 101 (B) Payment Request ............................................................................... 101 (C) Online Project Management System ................................................... 102 (D) Review and Payment .......................................................................... 103 (E) Payment Dispute Procedures .............................................................. 103 (F) Retainage .......................................................................................... 104 (G) Cost Control and Reporting ................................................................ 104 (H) Certification of Amounts Due ............................................................. 104 SECTION 9.4. PERMISSIBLE WITHHOLDINGS .................................................................. 104 (A) Permissible Withholdings ................................................................... 104 SECTION 9.5. PAYMENT UPON FINAL COMPLETION ........................................................ 105 (A) Final Completion Payment Request .................................................... 105 (B) Final Completion Payment ................................................................. 106 (C) Final Determination and Approval of Design-Build Price ..................... 107 (D) Completion of Design-Build Period Work ............................................ 107 SECTION 9.6. NO SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION, WAIVER OR RELEASE ............................ 107 SECTION 9.7. CHANGES IN DESIGN-BUILD PRICE ........................................................... 108 (A) Determination of Base Guaranteed Maximum Price Adjustment .......... 108 (B) Design Professional Services .............................................................. 108 (C) Construction Subcontractor’s Maximum Mark-Up on
Subcontracted Construction Work ................................................... 108 SECTION 9.8. COST SUBSTANTIATION ............................................................................ 108 (A) Required Substantiation .................................................................... 108 (B) Cost Substantiation Certificate ........................................................... 109 SECTION 9.9. INTEREST ON OVERDUE OBLIGATIONS..................................................... 109 SECTION 9.10. RETENTION AND AUDIT OF BOOKS AND RECORDS ................................... 109 (A) Books and Records ............................................................................ 109 (B) Town Rights to Audit and Examine Payments ..................................... 110 (C) Notice and Process ............................................................................. 110 (D) Selection of Auditor or Examiner and Determination of Scope ............. 110 (E) Preservation of Books and Records ..................................................... 110 (F) Overpayment ..................................................................................... 111 ARTICLE 10

PROJECT WARRANTIES
SECTION 10.1. PROJECT WARRANTIES ............................................................................. 112 (A) Project Warranties Defined ................................................................. 112 (B) Term of the Project Warranties ........................................................... 112 SECTION 10.2. WARRANTY WORK ..................................................................................... 112 (A) “Call-Back” Obligations ...................................................................... 112 (B) Right of the Town to Proceed with Corrective Action; DesignBuilder Liability .............................................................................. 113 (C) No Period of Limitation on Other Obligations ...................................... 113 235
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(D) Extension of Warranties ..................................................................... 113 (E) Manufacturers’ Warranties ................................................................. 113 (F) Performance of Warranty Work........................................................... 113 (G) Responsibility for Costs ...................................................................... 114 SECTION 10.3. PROJECT WARRANTIES NOT EXCLUSIVE .................................................. 114 SECTION 10.4. MANUFACTURERS’ WARRANTIES .............................................................. 114 (A) Manufacturers’ Warranties Generally ................................................. 114 (B) No Limitation on Third Party Warranties ............................................ 114 ARTICLE 11

DISPUTE RESOLUTION
SECTION 11.1. DISPUTE RESOLUTION PROCEDURES ....................................................... 115 (A) Compliance with California Public Contract Code ............................... 115 (B) Alternative Dispute Resolution Procedures ......................................... 115 SECTION 11.2. FORUM FOR DISPUTE RESOLUTION .......................................................... 116 SECTION 11.3. CONTINUANCE OF PERFORMANCE DURING DISPUTE ............................... 116 ARTICLE 12

BREACH, DEFAULT, REMEDIES AND TERMINATION
SECTION 12.1. REMEDIES FOR BREACH ........................................................................... 117 (A) Generally ........................................................................................... 117 (B) No Effect On Contract Obligations ...................................................... 117 (C) No Duplicative Recovery; Express Remedies ....................................... 117 SECTION 12.2. EVENTS OF DEFAULT BY THE DESIGN-BUILDER ...................................... 117 (A) Events of Default Not Requiring Previous Notice or Cure Opportunity for Termination ............................................................ 117 (B) Events of Default Requiring Previous Notice and Cure Opportunity for Termination ............................................................................... 118 (C) Notice and Cure Opportunity ............................................................. 118 (D) Other Remedies Upon Design-Builder Event of Default ....................... 119 (E) Relationship to Liquidated Damages ................................................... 119 SECTION 12.3. LIMITATION ON DESIGN-BUILDER LIABILITY ............................................. 119 (A) Design-Builder Liability Limit ............................................................. 119 (B) Liquidated Damages Sub-Limit .......................................................... 119 SECTION 12.4. APPLICABILITY AND INTERPRETATION OF THE LIMITATION ON LIABILITY ................................................................................................... 120 SECTION 12.5. EVENTS OF DEFAULT BY THE TOWN ......................................................... 120 (A) Events of Default Permitting Termination ........................................... 120 (B) Notice and Cure Opportunity ............................................................. 120 (C) Other Town Breaches Constituting Uncontrollable Circumstances ...... 121 (D) Effect of Termination.......................................................................... 121 SECTION 12.6. TOWN CONVENIENCE TERMINATION RIGHTS ........................................... 121 (A) Convenience Termination Right and Payment ..................................... 121 (B) Convenience Termination Payment for Preliminary Services ................ 121 (C) Convenience Termination Payment for Design-Build Period Work........ 121 (D) Early Work Packages ......................................................................... 122 (E) Settlement of Subcontracts ................................................................ 122 (F) Payment of Amounts Due as a Result of Convenience Termination ...... 122 236
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(G) Completion or Continuance by the Town ............................................ 123 (H) Convenience Termination Rights as Consideration .............................. 123 SECTION 12.7. OBLIGATIONS OF THE DESIGN-BUILDER UPON TERMINATION ................. 123 (A) Obligations of the Design-Builder Upon Termination .......................... 123 SECTION 12.8. NO WAIVERS ............................................................................................. 125 SECTION 12.9. WAIVER OF CONSEQUENTIAL AND PUNITIVE DAMAGES ........................... 125 ARTICLE 13

INSURANCE
SECTION 13.1. INSURANCE ............................................................................................... 127 (A) Required Insurance ........................................................................... 127 (B) Insurers, Deductibles and the Town Rights ........................................ 127 (C) Certificates, Policies and Notice .......................................................... 127 (D) Subcontractors .................................................................................. 128 (E) Maintenance of Insurance Coverage ................................................... 128 (F) Compliance with Insurer Requirements .............................................. 128 (G) Reductions for Insurance Proceeds ..................................................... 129 ARTICLE 14

UNCONTROLLABLE CIRCUMSTANCES
SECTION 14.1. UNCONTROLLABLE CIRCUMSTANCES GENERALLY .................................. 130 (A) Extent of Relief Available to the Design-Builder .................................. 130 (B) Mitigation Given Effect ....................................................................... 130 (C) Applicable Law Compliance ................................................................ 130 (D) Contract Obligations Not Affected; Resumption of Performance ........... 130 SECTION 14.2. UNCONTROLLABLE CIRCUMSTANCE CLAIM PROCEDURES ...................... 130 (A) Notice and Written Report .................................................................. 130 (B) Updates ............................................................................................. 130 (C) Submittal of Relief Request ................................................................ 131 (D) Delay in Notification........................................................................... 131 (E) Multiple and Overlapping Claims ....................................................... 131 (F) Burden of Proof and Mitigation ........................................................... 131 (G) Town Response .................................................................................. 131 (H) Agreement or Dispute ........................................................................ 131 (I) Certifications ..................................................................................... 131 SECTION 14.3. UNCONTROLLABLE CIRCUMSTANCES RELIEF .......................................... 132 SECTION 14.4. SCHEDULE RELIEF AND RELATED PRICE RELIEF ..................................... 132 (A) Conditions to Schedule Relief ............................................................. 132 (B) Compensable Uncontrollable Circumstance Delay .............................. 133 (C) Concurrent Delay .............................................................................. 133 SECTION 14.5. UNUSUALLY SEVERE AND ABNORMAL CLIMATIC EVENTS ........................ 133 SECTION 14.6. RELEASE ................................................................................................... 134 SECTION 14.7. UNIT PRICING ............................................................................................ 134 237
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ARTICLE 15

INDEMNIFICATION
SECTION 15.1. DESIGN-BUILDER’S OBLIGATION TO INDEMNIFY ...................................... 135 SECTION 15.2. INDEMNIFICATION PROCEDURES ............................................................. 136 (A) Notice ................................................................................................ 136 (B) Consolidation of Claims ..................................................................... 136 (C) Design-Builder Right to Dispute Claim ............................................... 136 (D) Rights and Duties of the Parties ......................................................... 136 (E) The Town Indemnitee Rights to Conduct Defense ............................... 137 (F) Transfer of Conduct of Claim to the Town Indemnitee ......................... 137 (G) Design-Builder Responsibility for Costs .............................................. 137 ARTICLE 16

SECURITY FOR PERFORMANCE
SECTION 16.1. BONDS ...................................................................................................... 138 (A) Performance and Payment Bonds ....................................................... 138 (B) Bond Forms ....................................................................................... 139 (C) Delivery of Bonds ............................................................................... 139 (D) Surety Requirements ......................................................................... 139 (E) Monitoring of Sureties ........................................................................ 140 (F) Completion of Work ........................................................................... 140 SECTION 16.2. COSTS OF PROVIDING SECURITY INSTRUMENTS ...................................... 140 ARTICLE 17

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
SECTION 17.1. OWNERSHIP OF THE PROJECT .................................................................. 141 SECTION 17.2. RELATIONSHIP OF THE PARTIES ............................................................... 141 SECTION 17.3. AFFILIATE TRANSACTIONS ........................................................................ 141 SECTION 17.4. CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION .................................................................... 141 (A) Administrative Communications ........................................................ 141 (B) Contract Administration Memoranda.................................................. 141 (C) Procedure .......................................................................................... 142 (D) Effect ................................................................................................. 142 SECTION 17.5. CONTRACT AMENDMENTS ........................................................................ 142 (A) Amendments Generally ...................................................................... 142 (B) Procedure .......................................................................................... 142 SECTION 17.6. CONTRACT REPRESENTATIVES ................................................................. 142 (A) Design-Builder Contract Representative and Senior Supervisors ......... 142 (B) Town Contract Representative ............................................................ 143 (C) Town Approvals and Consents ........................................................... 143 SECTION 17.7. PROPERTY RIGHTS .................................................................................... 143 (A) Protection from Infringement .............................................................. 143 (B) Substitutes for Deliverable Material, Process or Equipment ................ 144 (C) Exceptions to Infringement Protection ................................................ 144 (D) Pre-Existing Intellectual Property ....................................................... 144 (E) Protection of Proprietary Rights of the Town ....................................... 145 238
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SECTION 17.8. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION REQUIREMENTS .................................................... 145 (A) Applicable Law................................................................................... 145 (B) Affirmative Action Statement .............................................................. 145 (C) Subcontracts ..................................................................................... 145 SECTION 17.9. GENERAL DUTY TO MITIGATE ................................................................... 146 (A) Mitigation by the Design-Builder ........................................................ 146 (B) Mitigation by the Town ....................................................................... 146 SECTION 17.10. ASSIGNMENT OF ANTI-TRUST CLAIMS ...................................................... 146 SECTION 17.11. ACTIONS OF TOWN IN ITS GOVERNMENTAL CAPACITY .............................. 146 SECTION 17.12. ASSIGNMENT ............................................................................................ 147 (A) By the Design-Builder ........................................................................ 147 (B) By the Town ...................................................................................... 147 SECTION 17.13. CONFIDENTIALITY ..................................................................................... 147 (A) Confidential Nature of Information ..................................................... 147 (B) Limitation on Use and Disclosure ....................................................... 148 SECTION 17.14. LIMITED RECOURSE TO TOWN .................................................................. 148 SECTION 17.15. BINDING EFFECT ...................................................................................... 148 SECTION 17.16. AMENDMENT AND WAIVER ....................................................................... 148 (A) Contract Amendments ....................................................................... 148 (B) Waiver ............................................................................................... 148 SECTION 17.17. NOTICES ................................................................................................... 148 (A) Procedure .......................................................................................... 148 (B) Town Notice Address .......................................................................... 149 (C) Design-Builder Notice Address ........................................................... 150 SECTION 17.18. OTHER NOTICES ....................................................................................... 150 (A) Notice of Litigation ............................................................................. 150 (B) Notice of Third Party Claim ................................................................ 150 SECTION 17.19. FURTHER ASSURANCES ............................................................................ 150 SECTION 17.20. RIGHTS OF GRANTING AGENCIES AND FEDERAL AGENCIES .................... 151 SECTION 17.21. ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES ....................................................................... 151 239
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APPENDICES

1. Project and Project Sites
Attachment 1A – Potential Project Alignments

2. Preliminary Services
Attachment 2A – Planned Survey Extents
Attachment 2B – Preliminary Services Schedule
Attachment 2B-1 – Phase 1a Preliminary Services Schedule Attachment 2B-2 – Form of Subsequent Preliminary Services Phase Preliminary Services Schedule
Attachment 2C – Preliminary Services Not-To-Exceed Pricing Attachment 2C-1 – Phase 1a Preliminary Services Not-To-Exceed Pricing Attachment 2C-2 – Form of Subsequent Preliminary Services Phase Preliminary Services Not-To-Exceed Pricing
Attachment 2D – Preliminary Services Billing Rates
Attachment 2D-1 – Phase 1a Preliminary Services Billing Rates Attachment 2D-2 – Form of Subsequent Preliminary Services Phase Preliminary Services Billing Rates

3. Governmental and Non-Governmental Approvals

4. Baseline Design Documents

5. General Design-Build Work Requirements

6. Design-Build Quality Assurance and Quality Control Requirements

7. Design-Build Work Review Procedures

8. Design-Build Price
Attachment 8A - Description of General Conditions Costs Attachment 8B – Billing Rates for Design-Build Period Work Professional Services Personnel
Attachment 8C – Billing Rates for Self-Performed Construction Work Attachment 8D - Anticipated Design-Build Period Work Cost Schedule and Design-Builder Contingency

9. Substantial Completion and Final Completion

10. Insurance Requirements

11. Key Personnel and Approved Subcontractors
Attachment 11A – Key Personnel Organization Chart
Attachment 11B – Key Personnel Roles

12. Certain Grant Requirements and Guidelines
Attachment 12A – Davis Bacon Act Wage Determinations

13. Certain Provisions of the California Public Contract Code

TRANSACTION FORMS
A. Form of Performance Bond (Early Work Package Amendment) B. Form of Payment Bond
C. Form of Performance Bond (GMP Amendment)
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DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACT

FOR THE

TOWN OF PARADISE SEWER PROJECT
THIS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACT (“Design-Build Contract”) is entered into on March 13, 2024 between the TOWN OF PARADISE (the “Town”), a municipal corporation organized and existing and by virtue of the laws of the State of California and MOUNTAIN CASCADE, INC., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of California (the “Design-Builder”).

RECITALS
WHEREAS, the Town is the largest town in California that relies solely on septic systems for the treatment and disposal of its wastewater. Prior to the Camp Fire in 2018, the Town struggled to support a thriving economy, in part due to the lack of a municipal sewer system.

WHEREAS, for more than 50 years, the Town pursued a municipal solution for wastewater treatment to address failed septic systems that degraded local groundwater quality and constrained affordable housing, essential community services, and related economic growth. Economically, the lack of a sewer system suppressed the development of a sustainable business community by limiting the size and types of businesses that could affordably operate in the community. Development of affordable housing and workforce housing also was hindered, as larger housing facilities require more sewer treatment capacity than a traditional septic system can provide within the available parcel sizes.

WHEREAS, on November 8, 2018, the Camp Fire severely impacted the Town.

More than 26,000 Town residents were displaced; 90 percent of structures in the Town, including more than 11,000 homes and 1,000 businesses, were burned to the ground; and, most tragically, 85 people lost their lives. The 2018 Camp Fire affected the Town’s business and management operations, as resources were redirected toward recovery, which delayed further development of a municipal wastewater solution for the Town. Concurrently, many private septic systems were found to be damaged by the fire, which further compounded the pre-fire sewer needs. These additional impacts from the Camp Fire constrained affordable housing, essential community services, overall economic growth and rebuild efforts. The Town embarked on the rebuild while continuing to seek municipal sewer treatment options.

WHEREAS, the Town plans to construct the Paradise Sewer Project (as more particularly defined herein, the “Project”) to establish a municipal sewer system for the Town, as well as connection to the City of Chico Water Pollution Control Plant (as more particularly defined herein, the “Chico WPCP”) for regional treatment of the Town’s wastewater. The project includes three distinct components to serve approximately 1,400 parcels within the Sewer Service Area: a core sewer collection system in the Town, an 18-mile sewer export pipeline system to convey wastewater to the Chico WPCP, and the sewer pipeline connection to the Chico WPCP.

WHEREAS, the Town has determined that it is in the Town’s best interests to contract with a private entity to design and construct the Project using the progressive designbuild project delivery method in accordance with Chapter 4.1 of Part 3 of Division 2 (Section 22170 et seq.) of the California Public Contract Code (the “Enabling Law”); WHEREAS, pursuant to the Enabling Law, the Town issued a Request for Qualifications for Progressive Design-Build Services for the Paradise Sewer Project, Town of Paradise Project Number: CIP-9394, Federal Aid Project Number: 18-DRINFRA-18009, Town of Paradise, Public Works Department, 5555 Skyway, Paradise, CA 95969, No. RFQ 242
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2023-9394-01, on October 30, 2023 (as amended by addenda issued on November 13, 2023, November 21, 2023 and November 30, 2023 (the “RFQ”), in order to select the design-build entity whose statement of qualifications would be evaluated and determined to be the most advantageous to the Town based upon the evaluation criteria set forth in the RFQ; WHEREAS, statements of qualifications submitted in response to the RFQ were received on December 15, 2023, from seven entities, including the Design-Builder; WHEREAS, the Town’s selection committee engaged in a comprehensive evaluation of the competing statements of qualifications in accordance with the evaluation factors and selection criteria set forth in the RFQ;
WHEREAS, the Town’s selection committee determined that the statement of qualifications submitted by the Design-Builder was the most advantageous to the Town considering the evaluation factors set forth in the RFQ, subject to the negotiation of an acceptable contract;
WHEREAS, on March 12, 2024, the Town Council adopted a resolution authorizing the execution and delivery of this Design-Build Contract; WHEREAS, the Project will be designed and constructed by the Design-Builder pursuant to the terms of this Design-Build Contract and the appendices attached hereto; and WHEREAS, the Town desires to receive, and the Design-Builder desires to provide design and construction services under the terms of this Design-Build Contract.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants herein contained, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows:
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Article 1 - Definitions and Interpretation
3 3835755.11 047018 CTR
ARTICLE 1

DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATION
SECTION 1.1. DEFINITIONS.

As used in this Design-Build Contract, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below:
“Additional Preliminary Services” (i) with respect to Phase 1a, means the Phase 1a Additional Preliminary Services, (ii) with respect to any Subsequent Preliminary Services Phase, means the applicable Subsequent Preliminary Services Phase Additional Preliminary Services and (iii) in the aggregate, means the Phase 1a Additional Preliminary Services and all Subsequent Preliminary Services Phase Additional Preliminary Services. “Affiliate” means any person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by another person, corporation or other entity or under direct or indirect common control with such person, corporation or other entity.
“Anticipated Design-Build Period Work Cost Schedule” means the detailed, itemized list of prices and costs that establishes the value of each part or component of the Design-Build Period Work, to be developed by the Design-Builder in accordance with the Contract Standards, and to serve as the basis for tracking contingency and line item savings of the Design-Build Price during the Design-Build Period.
“Appendix” means any of the Appendices and, as applicable, any attachments thereto, that are appended to this Design-Build Contract and identified as such in the table of contents to this Design-Build Contract.
“Applicable Law” means:
(1) Any federal, state, Town or local law, statute, ordinance, code, rule or regulation;
(2) Any formally adopted and generally applicable rule, requirement, determination, standard, policy, implementation schedule, or other order of any Governmental Body having appropriate jurisdiction;
(3) Any established interpretation of law or regulation utilized by an appropriate Governmental Body if such interpretation is documented by such Governmental Body and generally applicable;
(4) Any Governmental Approval; and
(5) Any consent order or decree, settlement agreement or similar agreement between the Town and any Governmental Body;
in each case having the force of law and applicable from time to time, over the Project, the Contract Obligations or any other transaction contemplated hereby. “Approved Subcontractors” means the subcontractors identified in Appendix 11 (Key Personnel and Approved Subcontractors). “Archaeological Construction Monitoring, Mitigation and Preservation Plans” means the archaeological construction monitoring, mitigation and preservation plans 244
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anticipated to be developed by the Design-Builder as part of a Subsequent Preliminary Services Phase Preliminary Services in accordance with the Contract Standards and required to comply with CEQA and NEPA in accordance with Section 4.3 (Environmental Review). “Base Guaranteed Maximum Price” means the initial amount approved by the Town as the Guaranteed Maximum Price pursuant to Appendix 8 (Design-Build Price) as part of the GMP Amendment.
“Base Guaranteed Maximum Price Adjustment” means an adjustment to the Base Guaranteed Maximum Price made in accordance with and subject to the terms and conditions of Appendix 8 (Design-Build Price).
“Base Preliminary Services” (i) with respect to Phase 1a, means the Phase 1a Base Preliminary Services, (ii) with respect to any Subsequent Preliminary Services Phase, means the applicable Subsequent Preliminary Services Phase Base Preliminary Services and (iii) in the aggregate, means the Phase 1a Base Preliminary Services and all Subsequent Preliminary Services Phase Base Preliminary Services.
“Baseline Cost Model” means the cost model to be prepared by the DesignBuilder and included in or submitted no later than thirty (30) days following delivery of the Basis of Design Report pursuant to the Phase 1a Base Preliminary Services set forth in Appendix 2 (Preliminary Services).
“Baseline Date” means the Contract Date; except that:
(1) With respect to any Design-Build Work authorized pursuant to an Early Work Package Amendment, the Baseline Date shall mean the Early Work Package Amendment Date; and
(2) Upon the execution and delivery of a GMP Amendment, the Baseline Date shall mean the GMP Amendment Date.
“Baseline Design Documents” means the Specifications, Drawings, and other technical requirements for the performance of the Design-Build Work developed by or on behalf of the Design-Builder through the performance of the Preliminary Services and established in any Early Work Package Amendment or GMP Amendment, as applicable and including the Technical Standards set forth in Appendix 4 (Baseline Design Documents) hereto. “Baseline Design Requirements Change” means a change to the Baseline Design Documents made by a Change Order pursuant to Section 6.8 (Changes to the Baseline Design Documents at Design-Builder Request), Section 6.9 (Other Changes to the Baseline Design Documents) or a Work Change Directive pursuant to Section 6.11 (Work Change Directives):
(1) As a result of a Design-Builder request agreed to by the Town; (2) Due to Uncontrollable Circumstances;
(3) As a result of a term or condition imposed by a Governmental Body; or (4) At the direction of the Town.
“Baseline Design and Construction Phasing Plan and Schedule” means the non-guaranteed schedule so designated to be prepared by the Design-Builder and included in or submitted no later than thirty (30) days following delivery of the Basis of Design Report 245
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pursuant to the Phase 1a Base Preliminary Services set forth in Appendix 2 (Preliminary Services).
“Basis of Design Report” or “BODR” means the report so designated to be prepared by the Design-Builder pursuant to the Phase 1a Base Preliminary Services set forth in Appendix 2 (Preliminary Services).
“Bankruptcy Law” means the United States Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. 101 et seq., as amended from time to time and any successor statute thereto. “Bankruptcy Law” shall also include any similar state law relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, the rights and remedies of creditors, the appointment of receivers or the liquidation of companies and estates that are unable to pay their debts when due.
“Books and Records” has the meaning specified in Section 9.10(A) (Books and Records).
“Business Day” means a day other than a Saturday, Sunday or an official the Town holiday.
“Butte County” means the County of Butte, a political subdivision of the State. “Caltrans” means the California State Department of Transportation. “Caltrans Requirements” means the written and oral requirements of Caltrans regarding construction of the Project below Highway 99. “CERCLA” means the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, 42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq., and applicable regulations promulgated thereunder, each as amended from time to time.
“CEQA” means the California Environmental Quality Act of 1970, California Public Resources Code Section 21000 et seq., and applicable regulations promulgated thereunder, each as amended from time to time.
“Change in Law” means any of the following acts, events or circumstances to the extent that compliance with the change materially expands the scope, interferes with, delays or increases the cost of performing the obligations of the Design-Builder:
(1) Except as provided below with respect to the exclusions from the definition of “Change in Law”, the adoption, amendment, promulgation, issuance, modification, repeal or written change in administrative or judicial interpretation of any Applicable Law on or after the Baseline Date, unless such Applicable Law was on or prior to the Baseline Date duly adopted, promulgated, issued or otherwise officially modified or changed in interpretation, in each case in final form, to become effective without any further action by any Governmental Body;
(2) Except as provided below with respect to the exclusions from the definition of “Change in Law”, the order or judgment of any Governmental Body issued on or after the Baseline Date (unless such order or judgment is issued to enforce compliance with Applicable Law which was effective as of the Baseline Date) to the extent such order or judgment is not the result of willful or negligent action, error or omission or lack of reasonable diligence of the Design-Builder; provided, however, that the contesting in good faith or the failure in good faith to contest any such order or judgment shall not constitute or be construed as such a willful or negligent action, error or omission or lack of reasonable diligence; or
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(3) Except as provided below with respect to the exclusions from the definition of “Change in Law”, the denial of an application for, a delay in review, issuance or renewal of, or the suspension, termination or interruption of any Town Managed Governmental Approvals, or the imposition of a term, condition or requirement on or after the Baseline Date in connection with the issuance, renewal or failure of issuance or renewal of any Town Managed Governmental Approval, to the extent such occurrence is not the result of willful or negligent action, error or omission or a lack of reasonable diligence of the Design-Builder; provided, however, that the contesting in good faith or the failure in good faith to contest any such occurrence shall not be construed as such a willful or negligent action or lack of reasonable diligence.