Paradise City Council
May 13, 2025

Town of Paradise
Town Council Meeting Agenda
6:00 PM – May 13, 2025
Town of Paradise Council Chamber – 5555 Skyway, Paradise, CA

Meeting Procedures
I. The Mayor is the Presiding Chair and is responsible for maintaining an orderly meeting. The Mayor calls the meeting to order and introduces each item on the agenda.

II. The Town staff then provides a report to Council and answers questions from the Council.

III. Citizens are encouraged to participate in the meeting process and are provided several opportunities to address Council. Any speaker addressing the Council is limited to three minutes per speaker - fifteen minutes per agenda item A. If you wish to address the Council regarding a specific agenda item, please complete a “Request to Address Council” card and give it to the Town Clerk prior to the beginning of the meeting. This process is voluntary and allows for citizens to be called to the speaker podium in alphabetical order.

Comments and questions from the public must be directed to the Presiding Chair and Town Council Members (please do not address staff.) Town staff is available to address citizen concerns Monday through Thursday at Town Hall between the hours of 8am and 5pm.

B. If you wish to address Council regarding an item not on the agenda, you may do so under Item 4, “Public Communication.” Again, please fill out a card and give it to the Town Clerk before the meeting. State Law prohibits Council action on items not listed on a public agenda.

In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Compliance, persons who need special accommodations to participate in the Town Council meeting may contact the Town Clerk at least three business days prior to the date of the meeting to provide time for any such accommodation.

Town Manager, Jim Goodwin
Town Attorney, Scott E. Huber
Town Clerk/Elections Official, Melanie Elvis
CDD, Planning & Onsite, Susan Hartman
CDD, Building & Code Enforcement, Tony Lindsey
Finance Director/Town Treasurer, Aimee Beleu
Public Works Director/Town Engineer, Marc Mattox
Division Chief, CAL FIRE/Paradise Fire, Jason Finney
Chief of Police, Eric Reinbold
Recovery & Economic Development Director, Colette Curtis Human Resources & Risk Management Director, Crystal Peters Information Systems Director, Luis Marquez
Mayor, Steve Crowder
Vice Mayor, Steve “Woody” Culleton
Council Member, Greg Bolin
Council Member, Heidi Lange
Council Member, Ronald Lassonde
1 1. OPENING
1a. Call to Order
1b. Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America 1c. Invocation
1d. Roll Call
1e. Proclamation recognizing May as Building Safety Month. 1f. p6 Camp Fire Recovery Updates:

Colette Curtis, Recovery and Economic Development Director - Recovery Projects, Advocacy, Economic Recovery and Development,
Communications, Emergency Operations and Housing updates.

Marc Mattox, Public Works Director/Town Engineer -Infrastructure updates.

Tony Lindsey, CDD-Building and Code Enforcement- Code Enforcement updates.
1g. p17 Paradise Sewer Project Update by Town Engineer Marc Mattox.

2. CONSENT CALENDAR
One roll call vote is taken for all items. Consent items are considered to be routine business that does not call for discussion.
2a. p18 Approve the minutes of the April 8, 2025 Special and Regular Town Council meetings, and the May 1, 2025 Special Town Council meeting. (Melanie Elvis/Town Clerk)
2b. p25 Approve April 2025 Cash Disbursements in the amount of $6,417,199.85. (Aimee Beleu/Finance Director)
2c. p37 Review and file the 3rd Quarter Investment Report for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 2025. (Aimee Beleu/Finance Director)
2d. p63 Adopt Resolution No. 2025-__, "A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Acknowledging Receipt of a Report Made by the Fire Chief of the Paradise Fire Department Regarding the Inspection of Certain Occupancies Required to Perform Annual Inspections in such Occupancies Pursuant to Sections 13146.2 and 13146.3 of the California Health and Safety Code." (Tony Lindsey/Community Development Director) 2e. p67 1. Waive the second reading of the entire Town Ordinance No. 646 and read by title only; and, 2. Adopt Town Ordinance No. 646, “An Ordinance of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise adopting the updated CAL FIRE 2025 Local Responsibility Area Fire Hazard Severity Zone Map for the Town of Paradise”. (Susan Hartman/Community Development Director) 2f. p71 Concur with staff recommendation to file a CEQA Notice of Exemption for the Skyway/Pentz Intersection Improvement Project. (Marc Mattox/Town Engineer)
2 3
2g. p77 Adopt Resolution No. 2025-__ , “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise adopting a list of projects for fiscal year 2025/2026 funded by SB1: The Road Repair and Accountability Act of 2017.” (Marc Mattox/Town Engineer)
2h. p83 Adopt Resolution No. 2025-___ “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Adopting a Policy on Nondiscrimination in Programs Receiving Federal Assistance.” (Marc Mattox/Town Engineer)

3. ITEMS REMOVED FROM CONSENT CALENDAR

4. PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
For matters that are not on the Council business agenda, speakers are allowed three (3) minutes to address the Council. The Town Council is prohibited from taking action on matters that are not listed on the public agenda. The Council may briefly respond for clarification and may refer the matter to the Town staff.

5. PUBLIC HEARINGS
For items that require a published legal notice and/or a mailed notice.

Public Hearing Procedure:

A. Staff Report
B. Mayor opens the hearing for public comment in the following order:
i. Ask Town Clerk if there are any cards submitted
ii. Ask if there is anyone else wishing to comment
C. Mayor closes the hearing
D. Council discussion and vote
5a. p91 1. After a public hearing to solicit public input related to the use of “military equipment” by the Paradise Police Department as defined by the Paradise Municipal Code; consider waiving the second reading of the entire Town of Paradise Ordinance No. 645 and read by title only; and 2. Adopt Town of Paradise Ordinance No. 645 “An Ordinance Adding Section 9.70 to the Paradise Municipal Code Relating to Miliary Equipment Use” as part of the military equipment use ordinance annual renewal requirements; and,

3. Approve the updated Military Equipment policy for Paradise Police Department and, 4. Accept the 2024 Military Equipment Use Annual Report. (ROLL CALL VOTE) (Eric Reinbold/Police Chief)

6. COUNCIL CONSIDERATION
Action items are presented by staff and the vote of each Council Member must be announced. A roll call vote is taken for each item on the action calendar. Citizens are allowed three (3) minutes to comment on agenda items.
6a. p114 1. Consider concurring with the recommendation of the Planning Commission interview panel to appoint Kate Anderson to the Planning Commission for a full four-year term to commence on June 30, 2025; and,

2. Appoint Shawn Shingler to fill the existing vacancy on the Planning Commission created by the resignation of Planning Commissioner Costa to serve the remainder of the term set to expire June 30, 2027, effective May 3 21, 2025. 3. Consider an alternate direction. (ROLL CALL VOTE) (Melanie Elvis/Town Clerk)
6b. p119 Adopt Resolution No. 2025-__, "A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Approving and Authorizing Execution of the 2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan”. (ROLL CALL VOTE) (Jason Finney/Fire Chief)
6c. p599 Provide staff with direction on desired changes, if any, to the Paradise Municipal Code relating to agricultural-residential zoning and/or the animal regulations to present at a future council meeting. (Susan Hartman/Community Development Director)
6d. p601 Consider authorizing Town staff to issue a Request for Proposals (RFP) for qualified consultant firms to complete a comprehensive update of the 1994 Town of Paradise General Plan. (ROLL CALL VOTE) (Susan Hartman/Community Development Director)
6e. p620 Consider adopting Resolution No. 2025-____, “ A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Awarding Construction Contract No. 7303.4 CON, On-System Road Rehabilitation Project – Clark Road 2025, to Baldwin Contracting Company, Inc. dba Knife River Construction in the amount of their base bid and designating authority to the Town Manager to Execute an Agreement with Baldwin Contracting Company, Inc. dba Knife River Construction and to approve contingency expenditures not exceeding 10%”. (ROLL CALL VOTE) (Marc Mattox/Town Engineer)
6f. p652 Consider adopting Resolution No. 2025-____ "A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Providing for the Summary Vacation of the Existing 12-foot-wide Public Utility Easement along the South Property Line of Lots 15 and 16 of the Woodland Acres Subdivision, Recorded in Book 22 of Maps at Page 38, located in County of Butte, Paradise California; APN 053-300-046 and 053-300-016.” (ROLL CALL VOTE) (Marc Mattox/Town Engineer)
6g. p681 Consider adopting Resolution No. 2025-____, “ A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Awarding Construction Contract No. 7303.5 CON, On-System Road Rehabilitation – Misc 2025 /HSIP Systemic Intersection Safety Improvement Project, to All-American Construction, Inc. in the amount of their base bid of $8,416,590.87 and designating authority to the Town Manager to Execute an Agreement with All-American Construction, Inc. and to approve contingency expenditures not exceeding 10%”. (ROLL CALL VOTE) (Marc Mattox/Town Engineer)
6h. p688 1. After presentation, review and file the financial information provided by staff concerning the FY 2024-25 operating and capital budgets; and,

2. Adopt Resolution No. 2025- ____ “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Adopting Budget Amendment to the 2024/2025 Fiscal Year Budget” (ROLL CALL VOTE) (Aimee Beleu/Finance Director) 4 5
6i. p697 1. Following the Town Council’s review of the actuarial valuation of retiree health benefits, concur with staff recommendation to accept and file the GASB 75 reports as presented; or 2. Refer the matter back to staff for further analysis and development. (ROLL CALL VOTE) (Aimee Beleu/Finance Director)

7. COUNCIL INITIATED ITEMS AND REPORTS
7a. Council initiated agenda items
7b. Council reports on committee representation
7c. Future Agenda Items

8. STAFF COMMUNICATION
8a. Town Manager Report
8b. Community Development Director

9. CLOSED SESSION - None

10. ADJOURNMENT

5 Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: May 13, 2025
Agenda Item: 1(f)
ORIGINATED BY: Colette Curtis, Recovery and Economic
Development Director
REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Monthly Recovery Update

LONG TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

Yes
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. None
Background:

This report continues the Monthly Updates provided to keep the Town Council apprised of important developments related to the recovery of the Town of Paradise from the Camp Fire.

Included in this update are items related to recovery projects, advocacy economic recovery and development, communications and emergency operations.

Analysis:

ECONOMC DEVELOPMENT
CDBG-DR Economic Development
 The Town of Paradise submitted an application for a Workforce Training Center, located on the Paradise High School campus.
 The project is a partnership between the Town of Paradise, Butte College, PUSD, Valley Contractors Workforce Foundation, and NoRETC.
 The Standard Agreement is being routed for signature.

Healthcare
 The Town of Paradise and Adventist Health Feather River Foundation are working together to create a Strategic Healthcare Recovery Plan to assess current inventory, exiting gaps, projections, and a strategic plan for filling the gaps.  The Plan is expected to be ready by late Spring 2025.

Biz Pro Academy
 In an effort to make the path to opening a business in Paradise easier, the Town is creating a training program for local volunteers to help potential business owners through the process as mentors.
 The program is under development, with a goal of holding the first training scheduled for May 22nd 2025.
 Presenters will include The Paradise Ridge Chamber of Commerce, 3CORE, SBDC and 6 Town Staff.
 Topics will include the Town’s business start up process, discussion of different types of businesses and their specific needs, resources available, and financing.

Utility Box Mural Program
 6 submissions were selected by the selection committee  Installation is slated for late April or May 2025.

Downtown Strategy Phase 3
 Council approved moving forward on Phase 3 of the downtown strategy at the March 2025 meeting.
 Town staff are working with UDA to begin work.

RECOVERY
Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery Mitigation Planning Public Services (CDBG DR MIT PPS)
 HCD has awarded a grant to update the Long Term Community Recovery Plan.  Once the Standard Agreement is signed, the Town will issue a request for proposals to complete a comprehensive update.

Office of Land Use and Climate Innovation Grant
 Town was awarded $739,680 through the Extreme Heat and Community Resilience Program
 Funding will be used to create a Climate Resilience Plan which will identify prospective resiliency projects such as
o Community Evacuation/Cooling/Heating Centers
o Shade Tree Planting
o Fuels Reduction Projects
o Green space projects
 The Town is partnered with RCAC to do public outreach and complete the plan by December 2025
 Identified projects may be eligible for future implementation funds through the same grant source.

Overall Hazard Mitigation Project Update
Years of efforts are complete on the pre-award work on all our projects. All projects are fully approved and funded.

Category 4 Tree Removal Program
 Project is fully funded and moving forward.
 Work continues on completing the required property survey work in order to have properties ready for tree removal as soon as possible.
 Town staff continue to work daily with FEMA and CalOES on final approvals to begin work. All environmental reviews for 355 parcels are scheduled to be completed on May

19. If completed on that date, we will begin tree removal as soon as FEMA completes final paperwork. Which is anticipated to take 1-3 weeks.

Early Warning System
7  All 21 Towers are standing and operational.
 20 of the 21 Towers are now fully complete.
 The final tower is waiting on connection by PG&E. All active construction is complete.  Infrastructure for the in-home units is in process and expect the first units to arrive and be distributed in the coming months.
 We are working with contractors to turn over full control of the system to the TOP dispatch center.

Residential Ignition Resistant Retrofit Program
 Project is fully funded and moving forward.
 50 of the 98 enrolled properties have been approved to move forward to construction.

Notice to proceed letters are being issued to those properties as soon as the property owner is ready to move into construction. We anticipate the first projects being completed by mid-May.

Hazardous Fuels Reduction Program
 Project is fully funded and moving forward.
 Town staff are working with involved monitoring tribes on a plan and timeline for implementation.
 Town staff are working on revising the scope of work to move forward with the project.

Defensible Space Code Enforcement
 The Defensible Space Code Enforcement project was fully approved and obligated in November 2023 by FEMA and CalOES.
 Town Council approved implementation plan in January 2024.  Grant funded staff have been hired and are in place and working in the community.

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
 A staff EOC training exercise is being planned for July 2025.

Advocacy
 Mayor Crowder and Councilmember Lange visited Washington DC last week, accompanied by Town Staff, to advocate for the Town’s legislative priorities.

Financial Impact:

None.
8 Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: May 13, 2025
Agenda Item: 1(f)
ORIGINATED BY: Nadia Alekseev, Housing Program Technician REVIEWED BY: James Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Housing Recovery Update

LONG TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

No
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. None
Background:

This report provides the Town Council with an update of Housing activities.

Analysis:

We have 39.52% of our pre-disaster housing stock to-date (1,720 surviving units + 3,454 new CofOs to-date = 5,174 habitable dwellings / 13,091 housing units before the Camp Fire). Our total number of habitable dwellings does not include the number of mobile homes replaced in mobile home parks because those permits are issued by HCD instead of the Building Dept., but mobile homes in parks are included in the total number of pre-fire housing units. An estimate from tax data shows 126 mobile homes in parks, or 5,300 housing units in Paradise.

Town of Paradise Owner-Occupied Rehabilitation/Reconstruction Program ($12.5 million) This program helps homeowners rehabilitate or reconstruct their home. The CalHome-Disaster Assistance grant expires at the end of 2025 so we reallocated $4 million in OOR funds to the First-Time Homebuyer program funded by the same grant
 65 homes completed
 7 homes in construction
 10 applications in process
Town of Paradise First-Time Homebuyer Program ($11 million) Helping to make homeownership more affordable.
 64 households assisted
 16 applications in process
CDBG-DR Multifamily Rental Housing Program ($84.7 million) Affordable rental housing. Seven (7) projects are eligible for funding; a total of 292 units.  CHIP project- scattered site (4 units)
o leased up in Spring of 2024
9  Eaglepointe- 5975 Maxwell Dr (43 units)
o 71% leased. A ribbon cutting ceremony is being planned for the summer—date to be determined.
 Mayer Commons- 1561 Kay Ct (12 units)
o Completion date is delayed from April to July of 2025. Interested applicants should inquire with the Housing Authority.
 Northwind Senior- 6983 Pentz Rd (21 units)
o Certificate of Occupancy issued in March of 2025. Interested applicants should inquire with the Housing Authority.
 Cypress Family- 1633 Cypress Ln (70 units)
o About 63% complete, scheduled to be completed in November of 2025.  Clark Rd- 6480 Clark Rd (72 units)
o Recommended tax credit approval, working on finalizing all closing documents and planning to start construction in fall of this year.
 Cypress Senior (phase II)- 1633 Cypress ln (70 units) o Applied for tax credits and anticipate approval in May.

CDBG (2024 Annual Allocation=$52,474; unspent funds=$90,410.48) CDBG entitlement grants are on a 5-year plan cycle called the Consolidated Plan, and this year is the 5th year in the current plan. Public comments closed April 12th and the final draft will be submitted to HUD in May. Current year allocations remain unspent because they were planned for use as part of HOME Infill New Construction program. With receipt of the HOME award letter, it’s expected that those funds will be spent as planned within the next few months.

HOME Infill New Construction ($700,000)
Create affordable housing for first-time homebuyers. The grant award letter was finally received from HCD in April of 2025. Program guidelines are in the works.

Permanent Local Housing Allocation (PLHA) ($399,166)
Allocates matching funds to North Valley Housing Trust to administer for affordable housing projects.
 A predevelopment loan of $400,000 has been made for the Cape Cod multi-family project ($200,000 of PLHA funds) Cape Cod has applied for tax credits- the last piece of funding needed to start construction.
 $75,000 of PLHA funds was loaned to build a small, single-family home. That home was finished and sold to a low-income first-time homebuyer and Camp Fire survivor. The funds spent to construct the house were repaid to the Trust through the buyer’s purchase, meaning the Trust can now build another small, single-family home to sell to a different buyer.

Financial Impact:

None
10 1

TOWN OF PARADISE
Council Agenda Summary
Date: May 13, 2025
Agenda No. 1(f)
ORIGINATED BY: Marc Mattox, Public Works Director / Town Engineer REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager

SUBJECT: Camp Fire Recovery Updates - Infrastructure
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. None, written monthly update only.

Background:

This report continues the Monthly Disaster Recovery Updates provided to keep the Town Council apprised of important developments related to the recovery of the Town of Paradise from the Camp Fire. Changes from the prior month’s reports are shown in red.

Analysis:

Road Rehabilitation
The Town of Paradise is endeavoring to pave every public road mile by the end of 2026. These projects are funded through Camp Fire Recovery Projects and are sequenced behind undergrounding of utilities and water service later replacements.

As of May 2025, the following paving progress can be reported:

April 2025
Completed 40.7 miles
Awarded/In-Progress 5.9 miles
Planned 2025/2026 49.6 miles
Total 96.2 miles
Paradise Town Council has awarded one of three potential contracts for 2025 paving efforts.

The remaining two contracts are being considered at this meeting. Work is expected to begin in May/June. Public outreach efforts will ramp up with project notification letters and door hangers for anticipated work.
11 2
Paradise Sewer Project
All updates for the Paradise Sewer Project will now be shown as a separate agenda item under “Presentations” to further promote public engagement on project status and next steps.

Capital Project Updates
Below is an abbreviated Project List intended to show the current status of each project. More information on each project’s scope and schedule can be found at www.townofparadise.com/pwe.

Typical project progressions and timeframes are as follows:
(1) Environmental, 6-24 months
(2) Design, 12 months
(3) Right of Way, 6-12 months
(4) Construction, 6-24 months
Project ID Project Title Project
Phase
Anticipated
Construction
Completion
Year
7301 On-System Culvert Replacement Complete -
7302 On-System Hardscape Replacement Complete -
7303 On-System Road Rehabilitation Construction 2028
7304 On-System Sign Replacement Complete -
7307 Neal Road Rehabilitation Design 2028
8404 Camp Fire Hydrant Repairs Design 2025
8407 Off-System Road Rehabilitation Construction 2026
8408 Off-System Culvert Repair Complete -
9389 Pentz Pathway Project Phase II Right of Way 2028
9390 Paradise ATP Gateway Project (Neal Road
Class I) Design 2028
9391 Oliver Curve Pathway Phase I Design 2028
9394 Paradise Sewer Project Design 2031
9421 Forest Service Road Improvements Environmental 2027 9424 Skyway Link ATP (Bille to Wagstaff) Environmental 2027 9425 Upper Skyway Widening (Bille to Wagstaff) Environmental 2027 9426 Skyway/Pentz Intersection Improvements Design 2027 9427 Pentz Road Widening Environmental 2028
9428 Roe Road Phase 1 (Pentz to S. Libby) Environmental 2028 9430 Pearson-Hilltop Guard Rail Design 2025
9433 Animal Shelter Expansion Construction 2025
9434 Roe Road Phase 2 (S. Libby to Clark) Environmental 2028 12 3
Funding Pursuits
Below is a listing of active funding pursuits related to infrastructure recovery and status updates:

Program Project Title Amount
Requested
Anticipated
Award
Notification
Notes
BUILD 2025
Roe Road
Extension
Phase 2
Project
$25M June 2025
Project was not selected in
Round 1 (RAISE 2024 carryover)
and has been submitted for
Round 2 funding.

Federal CDBGDR MIT RIP
Evacuation
Route
Changeable
Message Sign
Project
$5.4M Summer 2024
Project has been formally
awarded. Town waiting on HCD
Agreements to advance to
project kickoff.

Federal CDBGDR MIT RIP
Storm Drain
Resiliency
Project
$3.9M Summer 2024
Project has been formally
awarded. Town waiting on HCD
Agreements to advance to
project kickoff.

Federal CDBGDR MIT RIP
Private Road
Identification
Safety Project
$960,000 Summer 2024
Project has been formally
awarded. Town waiting on HCD
Agreements to advance to
project kickoff.

US Army Corps
of Engineers
Paradise
Sewer Project $50,000,000 TBD
Section 219 Program requires
significant approvals and
appropriations. Town has
submitted Letter of Interest.

State Water
Board Septic to
Sewer CWSRF
Paradise
Sewer Project $27,000,000 TBD
Pending Town revised
application after local treatment
option selected
13 Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: May 13, 2025
Agenda Item: 1(f)
ORIGINATED BY: Tony Lindsey, Community Development Director, Building & Code Enforcement
REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Camp Fire Recovery Updates – Code Enforcement

LONG-TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

No
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. None
Background:

The Code Enforcement Division is committed to fostering a safe, attractive living and working environment. We aim to maintain and enhance our community's quality by fairly and impartially enforcing municipal codes and land-use regulations. We work in collaboration with residents, neighborhood associations, public service agencies, and other Town departments to achieve the following goals:
 Encourage voluntary compliance with Town codes.
 Promptly and fairly identify and address violations.
 Foster collaborative efforts to resolve community issues.  Actively engage with the community to facilitate understanding of the code enforcement process.

Analysis:

The Town’s Urgency Ordinance related to interim housing in the Camp Fire area was extended five times and officially expired on April 30, 2025. Under the original ordinance, 206 RV Temporary Use Permits were issued. As of the expiration date, only 32 RVs remained—these units now violate Town regulations and are no longer permitted to be occupied on undeveloped parcels.
 With the RV Urgency Ordinance expiring, Notices of Violation—each with a 30-day compliance deadline—have been mailed and posted at all remaining sites.  Of the 32 remaining previously permitted sites:
 8 RVs appear to be unoccupied
 24 RVs remain occupied
RV Code Enforcement activity. Parcels with RV violations. (Exhibit A):

April March
Occupied/Unoccupied RVs 54
(includes expired TUPs)
25 Compliance gained/RV cases closed 8 3
14 The Community Enhancement Outreach Team concluded scheduled site visits at the end of April. Due to limited funding and a lack of community interest, weekly visits for Disaster Case Workers and North Valley Catholic Social Services are no longer sustainable. Moving forward, support will be provided as needed. Code Enforcement will continue to share information about available assistance programs during routine interactions with the public.

April March
Sites Visited 20 22
Community members contacted 9 16
Tenants 3 16
Owner-occupied 6 6
Supplied contact information 15 20
Do not qualify/refused 0 4
Fire Prevention is essential for ensuring the safety of our community and supporting its economic growth. It centers around three main goals: Education, Engineering, and Enforcement. Our ordinance on defensible space and hazardous fuel management requires all property owners to maintain fire-safe conditions, regardless of residency. Our dedicated Fire Prevention team conducts weed abatement inspections on 11,195 parcels across the community to ensure compliance and minimize fire hazards.

Escrow defensible space inspections April March
 Clearance requests received 130 89
 Certificates issued 122 81
 Land Surveyor's Certifications 30 12
 First inspection compliance rate 90% 91%
Weed abatement inspections
 At the end of April, the current
compliance rate was 37%,
consistent with previous years,
and many properties are actively
working toward compliance.

The town-wide
Defensible Space
map is reset with
the most current
inspection data.

Staff is working
through all the
parcels in Town,
resetting the map
 Active Code cases 207 213
 Commercial parcels 12 12
 Residential parcels 195 217
Weed abatement efforts are wrapping up. Only four properties remain non-compliant, and none are tax-delinquent. Owners are actively working toward compliance. We began with 396 properties; to date, 392 have achieved compliance—259 were self-abated, and 133 were abated by the Town, including 71 tax-defaulted parcels. Total expenditures so far amount to $269,579, which is within the approved budget of $441,760. Finance has invoiced $617,410 in abatement costs and administrative fees, with payments from 11 property owners totaling $55,315.

Other Code Enforcement Items:

Abandoned Vehicle Authority April March
 Vehicle Tows 3 7
15 TUPs under ORD 612

RV TUP STORAGE ONLY RV TUP OCCUPIED
TUP Violations 5/31/22
Violations w/ TUP RV no TUP
12/21/2022 7/27/2022 EXHIBIT B 12 38
TUP Violations 12/21/2023 5/31/22 6/26/2024 7/27/2022 6/26/2024 12/21/2023 12/21/2022
7/31/2024 10 36 8/28/2024 8 33
er O s 5127
6/26/2024 5/31/22 7/27/2022 9/24
12/21/2023 12/21/2022
7/31/2024 8/28/2024 2 31
5/31/22 6/26/2024
11/26/2024 1/29/2025 7/27/2022
12/21/2023 12/21/2022
7/31/2024 8/28/2024 1 26 2/26/2025 0 2725 3/25/2025 54 5/1/2025 A 16 1

TOWN OF PARADISE
Council Agenda Summary
Date: May 13, 2025
Agenda No. 1(g)
ORIGINATED BY: Marc Mattox, Public Works Director / Town Engineer REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager

SUBJECT: Paradise Sewer Project Update
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. None, written monthly update only.

Background:

This report is a monthly effort to provide additional opportunity for public engagement on the status and next steps of the Paradise Sewer Project.

Analysis:

Town staff and its consulting teams in conjunction with Town Council, DFA, SWRCB, and HCD continue the analysis of a reduced Sewer Service Area with a localized solution for wastewater treatment. The project’s objectives remain unchanged—providing a sustainable wastewater solution for the Paradise community.

Main Accomplishments
 Hosted 11 individual meetings with wastewater technology vendors and community members interested in the project.
 Continued to progress the project alternatives analysis by confirming the list of project alternatives for analysis.
 Met with the Town Council Sewer Project Ad Hoc Committee to discuss the project status and key decisions.
 Met with DFA and USACE to discuss grant funding opportunities for the Sewer Project.  Continued support for finding and evaluating all project funding options.

Key Activities (One Month Look-Ahead)
 Meet with the CVWQCB staff to confirm the anticipated requirements for treated wastewater effluent discharge.
 Progress the alternatives analysis and begin developing complete (collection to dispersal) project cost estimates for each alternative.  Tour similar wastewater collection and treatment facilities in Northern California with Town Staff and members of the Town Council Sewer Project Ad Hoc Committee. 17 MINUTES

PARADISE TOWN COUNCIL
SPECIAL MEETING – 5:00 PM – APRIL 8, 2025

1. OPENING
The Special meeting of the Paradise Town Council was called to order by Mayor Crowder at 5:00 p.m. in the Council Chambers located at 5555 Skyway, Paradise, California who led the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America.

COUNCIL MEMBERS PRESENT: Greg Bolin, Steve “Woody” Culleton, Heidi Lange, Ronald Lassonde, and Steve Crowder, Mayor.

COUNCIL MEMBERS ABSENT: None
STAFF PRESENT: Town Manager Jim Goodwin, Town Attorney Scott E. Huber, Town Clerk/Elections Official Melanie Elvis, Finance Director Aimee Beleu, Human Resources & Risk Management Director Crystal Peters, and Information Systems Technician Travis Thompson.

At 5:01 p.m. Mayor Crowder announced that the Town Council would adjourn to Closed Session for the following items:

2. CLOSED SESSION
2a. Pursuant to Government Code Section 54957.6, the Town Council will hold a closed session to meet with the Town Manager, and Town Attorney regarding labor relations between the Town of Paradise and the Paradise Police Officers Association, Confidential Mid-Management Association, General Employees Unit, Police Mid-Management Unit and the Management Group.

After reconvening from Closed Session at 6:05 p.m., Mayor Crowder announced direction given; no action was taken.

3. ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Crowder adjourned the Council meeting at 6:05 p.m.

Date approved:

By: Attest:
______________________ ________________________
Steve Crowder, Mayor Melanie Elvis, Town Clerk
18 TOWN COUNCIL
Meeting Minutes
6:00 PM – April 08, 2025

1. OPENING
The Regular meeting of the Paradise Town Council was called to order by Mayor Crowder at 6:05 p.m. in the Town Council Chamber located at 5555 Skyway, Paradise, California who led the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America. An invocation was offered by Council Member Culleton.

COUNCIL MEMBERS PRESENT: Greg Bolin, Steve “Woody” Culleton, Heidi Lange, Ronald Lassonde, and Steve Crowder, Mayor
COUNCIL MEMBERS ABSENT: None
STAFF PRESENT: Town Manager Jim Goodwin, Town Attorney Scott E. Huber, Town Clerk/Elections Official Melanie Elvis, Community Development Director Tony Lindsey, Community Development Director Susan Hartman, Public Works Director/Town Engineer Marc Mattox, Recovery and Economic Development Director Colette Curtis, Finance Director Aimee Beleu, Police Chief Eric Reinbold, Fire Chief Jason Finney, Information Systems Technician Travis Thompson.
1a. Biochar Coalition Executive Director Kenneth Scherer presented the benefits of biochar for vegetation management.
1b. Camp Fire Recovery Updates - Written reports are included in the agenda packet. (110-60-061)
Colette Curtis, Recovery and Economic Development Director - recovery projects, advocacy, economic recovery and development, communications, emergency operations and Housing updates.

Marc Mattox, Public Works Director/Town Engineer -infrastructure and sewer updates.

Tony Lindsey, CDD-Building and Code Enforcement- Code Enforcement update.
1c. Town Engineer Marc Mattox presented project updates on the Paradise Sewer Project. (960-70-007)
19 1. Mark Thorp asked for narratives from the Paradise Sewer Ad Hoc Committee and offered the Chamber’s membership list to survey business owners on the project’s projection.

2. Cliff Jacobson would like more transparency within the sewer project and for more frequent updates on the project’s website.

2. CONSENT CALENDAR
MOTION by Bolin, seconded by Culleton, approved consent calendar items 2a through 2g with item 2d removed from the consent calendar. Roll call vote was unanimous. 2a. Approved the minutes of the March 11, 2025 Special and Regular Town Council meetings, and the March 17, 2025 Special Town Council meeting. 2b. Approved March 2025 Cash Disbursements in the amount of $4,791,560.74. (310-10-035)
2c. Adopted Resolution No. 2025-21, “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Rescinding and amending Resolution No. 18-33 and Adopting Administrative Policy 330, a Credit Card Policy.” (110-10-020) 2d. ITEM REMOVED FROM THE CONSENT CALENDAR BY COUNCIL
MEMBER BOLIN.
2e. Concurred with staff recommendation to rescind and amend Resolution No. 2024-32 and adopted Resolution No. 2025-22, “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise, “A Resolution Approving an Application for Funding and the Execution of a Grant Agreement and any Amendments Thereto from the 2023-2024 Funding Year of the State CDBG Mitigation (CDBG-MIT) Resilient Planning and Public Services (MIT-PPS) Program.” (710-10-107)
2f. 1. Approved Credit Application for Tri-Counties Bank to move town credit cards from US Bank to Credit Card Treasury Services provided by TriCounties Bank; and, 2. Adopted Resolution 2025-23 "A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Transitioning Credit Card Vendors From US Bank to Tri-Counties Bank." (510-20-417)
2g. Adopted Resolution No. 2025-24 “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Adopting a Title VI Implementation Plan, Designating the Public Works Director to Execute all Necessary Documents Associated with the Plan.” (930-20-003)

3. ITEMS REMOVED FROM CONSENT CALENDAR
2d. Council Member Bolin removed item 2d from the consent calendar and recused himself from the dais due to a potential conflict of interest. 20 Recovery Project Manager Brian Solecki provided an overview of the proposed amendments to the management contracts for the Category 4 Hazardous Tree Program.

MOTION by Lassonde, seconded by Crowder, 1. Approved an amendment to the management contract between the Town of Paradise and the Butte Fire Safe Council (BCFSC); and, 2. Approved an Amendment to the contract between the Town of Paradise and Mountain Engineering for biological survey services; and, 3. Approved an Amendment to contract between the Town of Paradise and Mountain Engineering for archaeological survey services. Roll call vote was unanimous with Council Member Bolin absent and not voting. (420-25-009, 510-20-432, 510-20-433, 510-20-381)

4. PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

1. Melissa Schuster shared a construction update on Hope Plaza.

2. Jon Remalia spoke on the current year’s fuel loading and the expense to homeowners to maintain their properties.

3. Ben Spragge spoke in favor of a zoning change to allow maintenance structures without a primary residence.

5. PUBLIC HEARINGS
5a. Police Chief Eric Reinbold provided an overview of the proposed renewal of the military equipment use ordinance.

Mayor Crowder opened the public hearing at 7:02 p.m.

There were no public comments.

Mayor Crowder closed the public hearing at 7:02 p.m.

MOTION by Culleton, seconded by Lassonde, 1. Waived the first reading of the Town of Paradise Ordinance No. 645 and read by title only; and, 2.

Introduced Town of Paradise Ordinance No. 645 “An Ordinance Adding Section 9.70 to the Paradise Municipal Code Relating to Miliary Equipment Use” as part of the military equipment use ordinance annual renewal requirements. Roll call vote was unanimous. (480-05-013) (540-16-214)

6. COUNCIL CONSIDERATION
6a. Community Development Director Susan Hartman provided an overview of proposed Ordinance No. 646 to adopt the updated CAL FIRE 2025 Local Response Area Fire Hazard Severity Zone Map for the Town of Paradise.

1. Ken Scherer asked if there was an appeal process for the Fire Hazard Severity Zone rating.
21 MOTION by Bolin, seconded by Lassonde, 1. Waived the first reading of the entire Town Ordinance No. 646 and read by title only; and, 2. Introduced Town Ordinance No. 646 “An Ordinance of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise adopting the updated CAL FIRE 2025 Local Response Area Fire Hazard Severity Zone Map for the Town of Paradise”; and provided direction to staff to investigate the appeal process for the Fire Hazard Severity Zone rating. Roll call vote was unanimous. (540-16-215) 6b. Town Engineer Marc Mattox provided an overview of the proposed contract award to RCI General Engineering for the Camp Fire Hydrant Repair Project.

MOTION by Bolin, seconded by Lassonde, adopted Resolution No. 2025-25, “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Awarding Construction Contract No. 8404 CON, Camp Fire Hydrant Repair Project, to RCI General Engineering in the amount of their base bid and designating authority to the Town Manager to Execute an Agreement with RCI General Engineering and to approve contingency expenditures not exceeding 10%”. Roll call vote was unanimous. (440-30-006) (510-20-475) 6c. Town Engineer Marc Mattox provided an overview of the proposed Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery – Infrastructure Action Plan Amendment.

1. Al McGreehan spoke in favor of this item.

MOTION by Bolin, seconded by Lassonde, 1. Approved the Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery – Infrastructure Action Plan Amendment 3. Roll call vote was unanimous. (710-10-099) 6d. Finance Director Aimee Beleu provided an overview of the proposed addition to the Finance Department personnel structure to add a limitedterm Accounting Assistant.

MOTION by Bolin, seconded by Lassonde, 1. Authorized an Accounting Assistant I/II Full Time Equivalent (FTE) to be added to the Finance Department with the correlating budget adjustment; and, 2. Adopted Resolution No. 2025-26 “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Amending the Salary Pay Plan for the Town of Paradise Employees for the Fiscal Year 2024-2025.” Roll call vote was unanimous. (610-10-020) (610-10-018)

7. COUNCIL INITIATED ITEMS AND REPORTS
7a. Council initiated agenda items- None
7b. Council reports on committee representation:

Council Member Bolin attended the monthly LAFCo meeting. 22 Council Member Lange attended multiple Paradise Sewer Ad Hoc Committee meetings; a grazing workshop; and the Paradise Citizen Alliance meeting.

Council Member Lassonde attended a grazing workshop; the Boys & Girls Club cookoff; and the Men’s Ministry Volunteer meeting.

Vice Mayor Culleton attended the quarterly Town of Paradise/Paradise Recreation and Park District Liaison meeting, and the soft opening at Paradise Community Center.

Mayor Crowder attended the quarterly Town of Paradise/Paradise Recreation and Park District Liaison meeting; the soft opening at Paradise Community Center; hosted Ukrainian citizens with the Paradise Rotary Club and “City to City” group; visited Altadena with the Assemblyman; and attended the Paradise Ridge Chamber of Commerce/Rotary Club mixer. 7c. Future Agenda Items -None

8. STAFF COMMUNICATION
8a. Town Manager Jim Goodwin shared that he participated in multiple employee contract negotiation meetings and Sewer Ad Hoc Committee meetings last month.
8b. Community Development Director Susan Hartman provided status updates on current building permits within the Town of Paradise.

9. CLOSED SESSION - None

10. ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Crowder adjourned the meeting at 8:13 p.m.

Date approved:

By: Attest:
_________________________ _____________________________ Steve Crowder, Mayor Melanie Elvis, Town Clerk
23 MINUTES

PARADISE TOWN COUNCIL
SPECIAL MEETING – 3:00 PM – MAY 1, 2025

1. OPENING
The Special meeting of the Paradise Town Council was called to order by Mayor Crowder at 3:00 p.m. in the Council Chambers located at 5555 Skyway, Paradise, California who led the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America.

COUNCIL MEMBERS PRESENT: Greg Bolin, Steve “Woody” Culleton, Heidi Lange, Ronald Lassonde, and Steve Crowder, Mayor.

COUNCIL MEMBERS ABSENT: None
STAFF PRESENT: Town Manager Jim Goodwin, Town Clerk/Elections Official Melanie Elvis, Finance Director Aimee Beleu, and Human Resources & Risk Management Director Crystal Peters.

At 3:01 p.m. Mayor Crowder announced that the Town Council would adjourn to Closed Session for the following items:

2. CLOSED SESSION
2a. Pursuant to Government Code Section 54957.6, the Town Council will hold a closed session to meet with the Town Manager, and Town Attorney regarding labor relations between the Town of Paradise and the Paradise Police Officers Association, Confidential Mid-Management Association, General Employees Unit, Police Mid-Management Unit and the Management Group.

After reconvening from Closed Session at 4:13 p.m., Mayor Crowder announced direction given; no action was taken.

3. ADJOURNMENT
Mayor Crowder adjourned the Council meeting at 4:14 p.m.

Date approved:

By: Attest:
______________________ ________________________
Steve Crowder, Mayor Melanie Elvis, Town Clerk
24 TOWN OF PARADISE

CASH DISBURSEMENTS REPORT

FOR THE PERIOD OF
April 1, 2025 - April 30, 2025
25 CASH DISBURSEMENTS REPORT
April 1, 2025 - April 30, 2025
Check Date Pay Period End Description Amount Total
4/11/2025 4/6/2025 Net Payroll - Direct Deposits and Checks $ 250,640.86 4/20/2025 4/20/2025 Net Payroll - Direct Deposits and Checks 14,374.21 4/25/2025 4/20/2025 Net Payroll - Direct Deposits and Checks $ 257,592.48 $ 522,607.55
Accounts Payable
Payroll Vendors: Taxes, PERS, Dues, Insurance, Etc. 457,659.08 Operations Vendors: Supplies, Contracts, Utilities, Etc. $ 5,436,933.22 TOTAL CASH DISBURSEMENTS ACCOUNTS PAYABLE 5,894,592.30
GRAND TOTAL CASH DISBURSEMENTS $ 6,417,199.85
APPROVED BY:

Aimee Beleu - Finance Director/Town Treasurer
APPROVED BY:

Jim Goodwin - Town Manager
26 Number Date Status Void Reason
Reconciled/
Voided Date Source Payee Name
Transaction
Amount
Reconciled
Amount Difference
AP TCB - General Checking
Check
88877 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable 4LEAF, Inc $6,972.00 88878 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable ACCESS INFORMATION

PROTECTED
$58.89
88879 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Adams Ashby Group, Inc. $31,800.00 88880 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable ADVANCED DOCUMENT

CONCEPTS
$1.86
88881 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Amazon Capital Services $1,101.27 88882 04/02/2025 Voided Printer Error 04/08/2025 Accounts Payable AT&T & CALNET3 - CIRCUIT LINES $102.91 88883 04/02/2025 Voided Printer Error 04/08/2025 Accounts Payable AT&T MOBILITY $86.46 88884 04/02/2025 Voided Printer Error 04/08/2025 Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - REPEATER LINES $197.05 88885 04/02/2025 Voided Printer Error 04/08/2025 Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - COMMUNITY PARK
$30.09
88886 04/02/2025 Voided Printer Error 04/08/2025 Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - Summary $3,529.59 88887 04/02/2025 Voided Printer Error 04/08/2025 Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - Summary $18.45 88888 04/02/2025 Voided Printer Error 04/08/2025 Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - TH/FDPD FIBER LINES
$1,057.74
88889 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Azco Supply Inc $1,695.13 88890 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable BATTERIES PLUS $43.25 88891 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Blais & Associates, LLC $1,643.33 88892 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Broad & Gusman $4,000.00 88893 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Browns Towing $500.00 88894 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Bug Smart $83.00 88895 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Bureau Veritas North America, Inc $14,850.00 88896 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable BUTTE CO RECORDER $196.50 88897 04/02/2025 Voided Incorrect Check
Number
04/02/2025 Accounts Payable BUTTE CO TREASURER $36,077.94 88898 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable BUTTE COUNTY FIRE SAFE

COUNCIL
$132,000.37
88899 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable BUTTE REGIONAL TRANSIT $43.10 88900 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable BUTTE REGIONAL TRANSIT $184.75 88901 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Calif Dept of Tax and Fee Administration
$26.38
88902 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable CALIFORNIA SECRETARY OF STATE
$40.00
88903 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable CALIFORNIA STATE DEPARTMENT

OF JUSTICE
$175.00
88904 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable CHICO POWER EQUIPMENT $56.82 88905 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Cole Huber LLP $28,368.48 88906 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Cooper, Andrew $19.00 88907 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Creative Composition Inc $9,692.68 88908 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Crossfire Tree & Vegetation Services $3,800.00 88909 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable CSG Consultants, Inc. $18,290.00 88910 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable D8 Enterprises Inc. $3,500.00 88911 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Dokken Engineering, Inc. $174,432.22 88912 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Econolite Control Products, Inc. $218.74 88913 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable ENLOE MEDICAL CENTER, INC. $1,100.00 88914 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable FP/FRANCOTYP-POSTALIA

MAILING SOLUTIONS
$135.00
88915 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Free Style Embroidery $38.97 user: Aimee Beleu Pages: 1 of 10 Wednesday, April 30, 2025 Payment Register

TOWN OF PARADISE
From Payment Date: 4/1/2025 - To Payment Date: 4/30/2025 27 Number Date Status Void Reason
Reconciled/
Voided Date Source Payee Name
Transaction
Amount
Reconciled
Amount Difference
88916 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Golden State Emergency Vehicle Service, Inc.
$602.95
88917 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable GREAT AMERICA LEASING CORP. $182.25 88918 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Gregory Cundiff $700.00 88919 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Gustavo Diaz $19.00 88920 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable HDR Engineering, Inc $142,132.85 88921 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Healthcare Strategists, Inc. $60,000.00 88922 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable HLP, INC / CHAMELEON

SOFTWARE PRODUCTS
$3.85
88923 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable INTERSTATE OIL COMPANY $491.22 88924 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable JOHNNY ON THE SPOT

PORTABLES
$566.60
88925 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable KEN'S PARADISE HITCH &

WELDING
$291.48
88926 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Kevin Sharrah Designs $3,865.00 88927 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable KNIFE RIVER CONSTRUCTION $250.23 88928 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable KNIFE RIVER CONSTRUCTION $419,287.87 88929 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable KNIFE RIVER CONSTRUCTION $281,646.92 88930 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable L.N. CURTIS & SONS $1,570.92 88931 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable LIFE ASSIST INC $327.40 88932 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Marilyn Jane Wooley $1,000.00 88933 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Mark Thomas & Company Inc $15,408.93 88934 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable MID VALLEY TITLE & ESCROW $100,000.00 88935 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable MODERN BUILDING INC. $147,834.82 88936 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Mooretown Rancheria Forestry Contract Services
$46,894.90
88937 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable MOTOROLA SOLUTIONS, INC. $9,981.83 88938 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable MUNIMETRIX SYSTEMS CORP $39.99 88939 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable NHA Advisors, LLC $2,212.50 88940 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Nichols-Melburg + Rossetto, AIA + Associates Inc
$15,230.10
88941 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable NORTHGATE PETROLEUM CO $9,308.30 88942 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable NORTHSTAR $4,164.50 88943 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable O'REILLY AUTO PARTS $177.60 88944 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable OFFICE DEPOT ACCT#36233169 $353.39 88945 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable OROVILLE FORD $472.36 88946 04/02/2025 Voided Printer Error 04/08/2025 Accounts Payable PACIFIC GAS & ELECTRIC $1,729.52 88947 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable PARADISE IRRIGATION DIST $1,882.52 88948 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Payton Haury $19.00 88949 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Psomas $162,940.69 88950 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Sigler Pest Control $100.00 88951 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Spherion Staffing $12,394.04 88952 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable SUTTER BUTTES
COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
$7,614.83
88953 04/02/2025 Voided Printer Error 04/08/2025 Accounts Payable T MOBILE USA, INC. $1,997.87 88954 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Tahoe Pure Water Co. $65.60 88955 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Thau Handyman Services DBA Fire Safe NorCal
$750.00
88956 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS ACE HARDWARE $178.37 88957 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS ACE HARDWARE - ENG.

DEPT.
$379.83
user: Aimee Beleu Pages: 2 of 10 Wednesday, April 30, 2025 Payment Register

TOWN OF PARADISE
From Payment Date: 4/1/2025 - To Payment Date: 4/30/2025 28 Number Date Status Void Reason
Reconciled/
Voided Date Source Payee Name
Transaction
Amount
Reconciled
Amount Difference
88958 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS ACE HARDWARE - FIRE DEPT.
$4.14
88959 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Tri Flame Propane $227.98 88960 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable TUCKER PEST CONTROL INC $95.00 88961 04/02/2025 Voided Printer Error 04/08/2025 Accounts Payable VERIZON WIRELESS $287.81 88962 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Visinoni Brothers Construction $53,752.53 88963 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable WILSON PRINTING $834.82 88964 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Anderson, David $71.39 88965 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Check, Joel $178.21 88966 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable DeGuzman, Ashley $71.40 88967 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Langford, Shannon $100.00 88968 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable McDannel, Mark $104.22 88969 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Peters, Suzanne $104.22 88970 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Randy Viehmeyer & Lisa Butcher $481.32 88971 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Teeter, Doug $225.45 88972 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable Teeter, Doug $1,310.95 88973 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable WILLIAMS, KATY $214.14 88974 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable BUTTE CO TREASURER $17,525.96 88975 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable BUTTE CO TREASURER $112.75 88976 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable BUTTE CO TREASURER $17,229.46 88977 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable BUTTE CO TREASURER $1,209.77 88978 04/04/2025 Open Accounts Payable Aflac $57.98
88979 04/04/2025 Open Accounts Payable Met Life $13,154.96 88980 04/04/2025 Voided/Reissued Vendor lost/did not
receive check
04/29/2025 Accounts Payable OPERATING ENGINEERS $910.00 88981 04/04/2025 Open Accounts Payable SUN LIFE INSURANCE $9,863.08 88982 04/04/2025 Open Accounts Payable SUPERIOR VISION SVC INC $843.77 88983 04/04/2025 Open Accounts Payable TOP CONFIDENTIAL MID MGMT

ASSOCIATION
$80.00
88984 04/15/2025 Open Accounts Payable PARADISE POLICE OFFICERS

ASSOCIATION
$2,477.36
88985 04/15/2025 Open Accounts Payable ICMA 457 - MissionSquare $3,134.36 88986 04/15/2025 Open Accounts Payable STATE DISBURSEMENT UNIT $656.29 88987 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable ABILITY USA $552.00 88988 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Adams Ashby Group, Inc. $13,779.10 88989 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Adams Ashby Group, Inc. $4,703.00 88990 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Adams Ashby Group, Inc. $16,843.90 88991 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Adams Ashby Group, Inc. $10,247.60 88992 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable ALHAMBRA $363.98 88993 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Alvies, John $19.00 88994 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Amazon Capital Services $422.37 88995 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Archuleta, Derek, S $494.50 88996 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable AT&T & CALNET3 - CIRCUIT LINES $102.91 88997 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable AT&T MOBILITY $86.46 88998 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - REPEATER LINES $197.05 88999 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - COMMUNITY PARK
$30.09
89000 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - Summary $3,529.59 89001 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - Summary $18.45 user: Aimee Beleu Pages: 3 of 10 Wednesday, April 30, 2025 Payment Register

TOWN OF PARADISE
From Payment Date: 4/1/2025 - To Payment Date: 4/30/2025 29 Number Date Status Void Reason
Reconciled/
Voided Date Source Payee Name
Transaction
Amount
Reconciled
Amount Difference
89002 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - TH/FDPD FIBER LINES
$1,057.74
89003 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Biometrics4ALL, Inc $16.50 89004 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Blais & Associates, LLC $1,643.33 89005 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable BOYS AND GIRLS CLUB $5,299.00 89006 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Chico Meals on Wheels $3,982.38 89007 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable CivicPlus, LLC $10,788.00 89008 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Cleary, Lillian $236.50 89009 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Cole Huber LLP $1,454.90 89010 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Contech Engineered Solutions $6,259.00 89011 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable CONTINENTAL BATTERY COMPANY $49.05 89012 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Culligan of Chico $173.65 89013 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable DATCO SERVICES CORPORATION $403.50 89014 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable De Lage Landen Public Finance LLC $781.25 89015 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Dokken Engineering, Inc. $45,422.45 89016 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Down Range Indoor Training Center $1,856.89 89017 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable DURHAM PENTZ TRUCK CENTER $141.00 89018 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Elvis, Melanie $241.09 89019 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable ENLOE MEDICAL CENTER, INC. $2,500.00 89020 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Entersect $109.95 89021 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Fairbanks Paving Co $6,400.00 89022 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Gentile, Caitlyn $236.50 89023 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable GREEN RIDGE LANDSCAPING $450.00 89024 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT $972.00 89025 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. $34,922.28 89026 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Jennifer Arbuckle $4,437.70 89027 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable KEN'S PARADISE HITCH &

WELDING
$139.58
89028 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Kimball Midwest $345.41 89029 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable KOEFRAN INDUSTRIES $1,200.00 89030 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable L.N. CURTIS & SONS $1,649.71 89031 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable LIFE ASSIST INC $301.98 89032 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Meyers Police K-9 Training, LLC $1,200.00 89033 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable MID VALLEY TITLE & ESCROW $682.70 89034 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable MID VALLEY TITLE & ESCROW $250.00 89035 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable MID VALLEY TITLE & ESCROW $508.10 89036 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Mooretown Rancheria Forestry Contract Services
$36,442.90
89037 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable MOTOROLA SOLUTIONS, INC. $88.00 89038 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Mountain Cascade, Inc. $55,556.12 89039 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable NAPA Auto Parts $97.86 89040 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable North State Tire Co. Inc. $60.00 89041 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable NORTHSTAR $6,806.00 89042 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable O'REILLY AUTO PARTS $238.64 89043 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable OFFICE DEPOT ACCT#36233169 $762.64 89044 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Oroville Hospital $710.00 89045 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable PARADISE AUTO BODY $3,278.68 89046 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable PARADISE POST $229.09 89047 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Psomas $49,591.18 89048 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Savage Training Group LLC $610.00 user: Aimee Beleu Pages: 4 of 10 Wednesday, April 30, 2025 Payment Register

TOWN OF PARADISE
From Payment Date: 4/1/2025 - To Payment Date: 4/30/2025 30 Number Date Status Void Reason
Reconciled/
Voided Date Source Payee Name
Transaction
Amount
Reconciled
Amount Difference
89049 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable SONSRAY MACHINERY LLC $199.06 89050 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Stratton Appraisals $400.00 89051 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Stratton Appraisals $400.00 89052 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable The Ferguson Group $5,000.00 89053 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS ACE HARDWARE $277.31 89054 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS ACE HARDWARE - FIRE DEPT.
$109.74
89055 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS ACE HARDWARE -

MOTORPOOL
$85.24
89056 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Top Notch Commercial Cleaning Inc. $4,200.00 89057 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Transamatic Inc $5,397.00 89058 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Voiance Language Services, LLC $2.07 89059 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable WILSON PRINTING $783.98 89060 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable Wood Rodgers, Inc. $5,212.10 89061 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable ACCESS INFORMATION

PROTECTED
$184.76
89062 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable ALHAMBRA $39.10
89063 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable Amazon Capital Services $845.16 89064 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable American Dream Construction, Inc. $1,600.00 89065 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable AT&T & CALNET3 - CIRCUIT LINES $764.08 89066 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable Bear Electrical Systems, Inc $1,520.00 89067 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable BUTTE CO RECORDER $34.00 89068 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable CALIFORNIA BUILDING

STANDARDS COMMISSION
$770.22
89069 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable CALIFORNIA STATE DEPARTMENT

OF CONSERVATION
$2,212.66
89070 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable Caltronics Business Systems/J.J. R Ent Inc
$1,708.21
89071 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable Cleanrite, Inc $11,716.43 89072 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable Cole Huber LLP $22,549.42 89073 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable Computershare $2,500.00 89074 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable Eagle Security Systems $797.09 89075 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable FEATHER RIVER CONSTRUCTION $29.00 89076 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable GREAT AMERICA LEASING CORP. $145.47 89077 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable GREEN RIDGE LANDSCAPING $6,765.00 89078 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable LES SCHWAB TIRE CENTER - CDD/PW
$50.99
89079 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable MODERN BUILDING INC. $281,984.05 89080 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable MORGAN TREE SERVICE $3,150.00 89081 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable NORTHERN RECYCLING & WASTE SERVICES, INC.
$14,243.81
89082 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable NORTHGATE PETROLEUM CO $9,801.32 89083 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable OFFICE DEPOT ACCT#36233169 $177.96 89084 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable SCM General Contractor $4,300.00 89085 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable Spherion Staffing $10,556.16 89086 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable Stratti $210.00
89087 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable SWRCB $200.00
89088 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable Thau Handyman Services DBA Fire Safe NorCal
$1,250.00
89089 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS ACE HARDWARE - ENG.

DEPT.
$594.92
user: Aimee Beleu Pages: 5 of 10 Wednesday, April 30, 2025 Payment Register

TOWN OF PARADISE
From Payment Date: 4/1/2025 - To Payment Date: 4/30/2025 31 Number Date Status Void Reason
Reconciled/
Voided Date Source Payee Name
Transaction
Amount
Reconciled
Amount Difference
89090 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable Top Notch Commercial Cleaning Inc. $2,000.00 89091 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable Holden Garcia $100.00 89092 04/17/2025 Open Accounts Payable Kennebeck, Teresa $104.22 89093 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable OPERATING ENGINEERS $910.00 89094 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable ICMA 457 - MissionSquare $3,211.15 89095 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable STATE DISBURSEMENT UNIT $656.29 89096 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable 4LEAF, Inc $12,284.00 89097 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable ACCESS INFORMATION

PROTECTED
$71.05
89098 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable ALL STAR TOWING $7,791.20 89099 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable ALLIANT INSURANCE $46,201.00 89100 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Asbury Environmental Services $279.94 89101 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable AT&T & CALNET3 - CIRCUIT LINES $102.91 89102 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - REPEATER LINES $197.05 89103 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - COMMUNITY PARK
$30.09
89104 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - Summary $3,527.14 89105 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - Summary $30.19 89106 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable AT&T/CALNET3 - TH/FDPD FIBER LINES
$1,057.74
89107 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Blancett, Jacquelyn $460.90 89108 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Broad & Gusman $4,000.00 89109 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Bureau Veritas North America, Inc $18,315.00 89110 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable BUTTE CO TREASURER $1,097.02 89111 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable BUTTE CO TREASURER $33.00 89112 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable BUTTE COUNTY FIRE SAFE

COUNCIL
$121,699.40
89113 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable CALIFORNIA STATE DEPARTMENT

OF JUSTICE
$527.00
89114 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable CITY CLERKS ASSOCIATION OF

CALIFORNIA
$1,300.00
89115 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Cleanrite, Inc $2,470.96 89116 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Cole Huber LLP $17,811.09 89117 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Conflux Construction Inc $910.00 89118 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Crossfire Tree & Vegetation Services $7,740.00 89119 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable CSG Consultants, Inc. $23,017.50 89120 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY &

FIRE PROTECTION
$995,830.62
89121 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Down Range Indoor Training Center $146.91 89122 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable DURHAM PENTZ TRUCK CENTER $1,715.15 89123 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Eidhammer, Trenton $322.50 89124 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Elvis, Melanie $418.90 89125 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable EXECUTIVE HOMES $21,642.30 89126 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable FIDELITY NATIONAL TITLE

COMPANY - CHICO
$100,000.00
89127 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable FIDELITY NATIONAL TITLE

COMPANY - CHICO
$94,000.00
89128 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable FP/FRANCOTYP-POSTALIA

MAILING SOLUTIONS
$1,000.00
89129 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Golden State Emergency Vehicle Service, Inc.
$20,167.09
user: Aimee Beleu Pages: 6 of 10 Wednesday, April 30, 2025 Payment Register

TOWN OF PARADISE
From Payment Date: 4/1/2025 - To Payment Date: 4/30/2025 32 Number Date Status Void Reason
Reconciled/
Voided Date Source Payee Name
Transaction
Amount
Reconciled
Amount Difference
89130 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable GREAT AMERICA LEASING CORP. $157.70 89131 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Hat Creek Construction & Materials, Inc.
$349,079.23
89132 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable HDR Engineering, Inc $112,325.29 89133 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable HLP, INC / CHAMELEON

SOFTWARE PRODUCTS
$4.90
89134 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. $76,527.79 89135 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable JOHNNY ON THE SPOT

PORTABLES
$567.00
89136 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable KNIFE RIVER CONSTRUCTION $1,253.54 89137 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable L.N. CURTIS & SONS $3,480.11 89138 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Lash's Glass $3,196.45 89139 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable LEAF Capital Funding LLC $130.50 89140 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable LES SCHWAB TIRE CENTER -

MOTORPOOL
$50.99
89141 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable LIFELINE TRAINING CENTER $880.65 89142 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Mark Thomas & Company Inc $361.83 89143 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Meyers Police K-9 Training, LLC $375.00 89144 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable MID VALLEY TITLE & ESCROW $96,600.00 89145 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable MID VALLEY TITLE & ESCROW $100,000.00 89146 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Mooretown Rancheria Forestry Contract Services
$1,824.49
89147 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable MUNIMETRIX SYSTEMS CORP $39.99 89148 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable NCCSIF TREASURER $2,620.00 89149 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Nichols-Melburg + Rossetto, AIA + Associates Inc
$3,813.50
89150 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable NORTHGATE PETROLEUM CO $11,968.57 89151 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Nutrien $2,081.91 89152 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable NV5, Inc. $280.00 89153 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable O'REILLY AUTO PARTS $170.04 89154 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable OFFICE DEPOT ACCT#36233169 $125.46 89155 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Pace Analytical Services, LLC $3,385.00 89156 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable PARADISE IRRIGATION DIST $1,605.67 89157 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable PARADISE POST $443.97 89158 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Paradise Sand & Gravel LLC $890.00 89159 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable R B SPENCER INC $480.00 89160 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Samuel Jacob Solecki $988.00 89161 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Shelby's Pest Control, Inc. $380.00 89162 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Spherion Staffing $5,157.70 89163 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Tahoe Pure Water Co. $93.40 89164 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Thau Handyman Services DBA Fire Safe NorCal
$2,375.00
89165 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS ACE HARDWARE $148.34 89166 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS ACE HARDWARE - ENG.

DEPT.
$709.52
89167 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS ACE HARDWARE - FIRE DEPT.
$258.73
89168 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable THOMAS HYDRAULIC & HARDWARE SUPPLY, INC.
$137.00
89169 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable TUCKER PEST CONTROL INC $95.00 89170 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable ULINE $3,176.50
user: Aimee Beleu Pages: 7 of 10 Wednesday, April 30, 2025 Payment Register

TOWN OF PARADISE
From Payment Date: 4/1/2025 - To Payment Date: 4/30/2025 33 Number Date Status Void Reason
Reconciled/
Voided Date Source Payee Name
Transaction
Amount
Reconciled
Amount Difference
89171 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Utility Associates, Inc. $33.00 89172 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable WILGUS FIRE CONTROL INC $452.00 89173 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable HAWKINS, RONALD $26.42 89174 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable SYPHERD, DREW $240.66 Type Check Totals: 298 Transactions $5,103,466.04
EFT
131 04/02/2025 Open Accounts Payable I.M.P.A.C. PAYMENTS IMPAC GOV

SVCS/US BANCORP
$5,740.59
132 04/04/2025 Open Accounts Payable CALPERS $154,277.07 133 04/08/2025 Open Accounts Payable PACIFIC GAS & ELECTRIC $1,729.52 134 04/08/2025 Open Accounts Payable T MOBILE USA, INC. $1,997.87 135 04/08/2025 Open Accounts Payable VERIZON WIRELESS $287.81 136 04/11/2025 Open Accounts Payable EMPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENT

DEPARTMENT
$13,813.67
137 04/11/2025 Open Accounts Payable INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE $46,602.27 138 04/14/2025 Open Accounts Payable CALPERS - RETIREMENT $66,562.04 139 04/14/2025 Open Accounts Payable ING LIFE INS & ANNUITY COMPANY $6,928.41 140 04/16/2025 Open Accounts Payable I.M.P.A.C. PAYMENTS IMPAC GOV

SVCS/US BANCORP
$16,652.35
141 04/18/2025 Open Accounts Payable COMCAST CABLE $425.98 142 04/18/2025 Open Accounts Payable COMCAST CABLE $210.98 143 04/18/2025 Open Accounts Payable PACIFIC GAS & ELECTRIC $17,461.69 144 04/18/2025 Open Accounts Payable VERIZON WIRELESS $1,700.52 145 04/18/2025 Open Accounts Payable I.M.P.A.C. PAYMENTS IMPAC GOV

SVCS/US BANCORP
$4,407.78
146 04/24/2025 Open Accounts Payable Amazon Capital Services $956.49 147 04/24/2025 Open Accounts Payable EMPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENT

DEPARTMENT
$13,718.37
148 04/24/2025 Open Accounts Payable INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE $46,751.09 149 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable CALPERS - RETIREMENT $66,980.25 150 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable ING LIFE INS & ANNUITY COMPANY $6,980.67 151 04/30/2025 Open Accounts Payable Amazon Capital Services $987.97 152 04/30/2025 Open Accounts Payable COMCAST CABLE $5.04 153 04/30/2025 Open Accounts Payable COMCAST CABLE $420.98 154 04/30/2025 Open Accounts Payable COMCAST CABLE $435.98 155 04/30/2025 Open Accounts Payable PACIFIC GAS & ELECTRIC $546.15 156 04/30/2025 Open Accounts Payable VERIZON WIRELESS $570.15 Type EFT Totals: 26 Transactions $477,151.69
AP TCB - General Checking Totals
Checks Status Count Transaction Amount Reconciled Amount Open 286 $5,057,440.61 $0.00
Reconciled 0 $0.00 $0.00
Voided 12 $46,025.43 $0.00
Stopped 0 $0.00 $0.00
Total 298 $5,103,466.04 $0.00
EFTs Status Count Transaction Amount Reconciled Amount
Open 26 $477,151.69 $0.00
Reconciled 0 $0.00 $0.00
Voided 0 $0.00 $0.00
user: Aimee Beleu Pages: 8 of 10 Wednesday, April 30, 2025 Payment Register

TOWN OF PARADISE
From Payment Date: 4/1/2025 - To Payment Date: 4/30/2025 34 Number Date Status Void Reason
Reconciled/
Voided Date Source Payee Name
Transaction
Amount
Reconciled
Amount Difference
Total 26 $477,151.69 $0.00
All Status Count Transaction Amount Reconciled Amount
Open 312 $5,534,592.30 $0.00
Reconciled 0 $0.00 $0.00
Voided 12 $46,025.43 $0.00
Stopped 0 $0.00 $0.00
Total 324 $5,580,617.73 $0.00
AP - US Bank TOP AP Checking
Check
85622 04/17/2025 Voided/Reissued Vendor lost/did not
receive check
04/29/2025 Accounts Payable Town of Paradise $360,000.00 user: Aimee Beleu Pages: 9 of 10 Wednesday, April 30, 2025 Payment Register

TOWN OF PARADISE
From Payment Date: 4/1/2025 - To Payment Date: 4/30/2025 35 Number Date Status Void Reason
Reconciled/
Voided Date Source Payee Name
Transaction
Amount
Reconciled
Amount Difference
85623 04/29/2025 Open Accounts Payable Town of Paradise $360,000.00 Type Check Totals: 2 Transactions $720,000.00
AP - US Bank TOP AP Checking Totals
Checks Status Count Transaction Amount Reconciled Amount Open 1 $360,000.00 $0.00
Reconciled 0 $0.00 $0.00
Voided 1 $360,000.00 $0.00
Stopped 0 $0.00 $0.00
Total 2 $720,000.00 $0.00
EFTs Status Count Transaction Amount Reconciled Amount
Open 0 $0.00 $0.00
Reconciled 0 $0.00 $0.00
Voided 0 $0.00 $0.00
Total 0 $0.00 $0.00
All Status Count Transaction Amount Reconciled Amount
Open 1 $360,000.00 $0.00
Reconciled 0 $0.00 $0.00
Voided 1 $360,000.00 $0.00
Stopped 0 $0.00 $0.00
Total 2 $720,000.00 $0.00
Grand Totals:

Checks Status Count Transaction Amount Reconciled Amount Open 287 $5,417,440.61 $0.00
Reconciled 0 $0.00 $0.00
Voided 13 $406,025.43 $0.00
Stopped 0 $0.00 $0.00
Total 300 $5,823,466.04 $0.00
EFTs Status Count Transaction Amount Reconciled Amount
Open 26 $477,151.69 $0.00
Reconciled 0 $0.00 $0.00
Voided 0 $0.00 $0.00
Total 26 $477,151.69 $0.00
All Status Count Transaction Amount Reconciled Amount
Open 313 $5,894,592.30 $0.00
Reconciled 0 $0.00 $0.00
Voided 13 $406,025.43 $0.00
Stopped 0 $0.00 $0.00
Total 326 $6,300,617.73 $0.00
user: Aimee Beleu Pages: 10 of 10 Wednesday, April 30, 2025 Payment Register

TOWN OF PARADISE
From Payment Date: 4/1/2025 - To Payment Date: 4/30/2025 36 Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: May 13, 2025
Agenda Item: 2(c)
ORIGINATED BY: Aimee Beleu, Finance Director/Town Treasurer REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Quarterly Investment Report

LONG TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

No
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. Review and file the 3rd Quarter Investment Report for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 2025.

Background:

Attached is the report on the Town’s cash and investments for the quarter ending March 31, 2025.

A Tri-Counties checking account is currently being used for payroll, accounts payable and other operating purposes. Most accounts payable disbursements are drawn through checks, and most payroll disbursements are processed through direct deposit.

The Town utilizes the State of California managed Local Agency Investment Fund (LAIF) for investment of General Fund cash in excess of immediately needed operating capital. LAIF provides for same day liquidity as funds can be transferred electronically through computer authorization between LAIF and the Town checking account. LAIF has also provided historically competitive yields, with a return of 4.31% for the period ending March 31, 2025.

California CLASS is a joint exercise of powers entity authorized under Section 6509.7, California Government Code. California CLASS is a pooled investment option that was created via a joint exercise of powers agreement (JPA Agreement) by and among California public agencies.

California CLASS provides the Town with a convenient method for investing in high-quality, shortto medium-term securities carefully selected to optimize interest earnings while maximizing safety and liquidity. The California CLASS Prime fund has provided the Town with an opportunity to strengthen and diversify its cash management programs in accordance with the safety, liquidity, and yield hierarchy that governs the investment of public funds. CLASS has provided a very competitive yield, with a return of 4.41% for the quarter ending March 31, 2025.

The newest addition to Town’s investment portfolio is Tri-Counties Bank Money Market Account.

The Town also utilizes Tri-Counties Money Market Account for cash in excess of immediately needed operating capital. Tri-Counties provides for same day liquidity as funds can be transferred electronically through computer authorization between the Town’s checking accounts. TriCounties Bank is providing competitive yields, with a return of 4.22% for the period ending March 31, 2025.
37 In July 2020, the Town received a net settlement from PG&E related to the 2018 Camp Fire in the amount of $219,187,262. Since that time, the Town continues to utilize four investment vehicles to manage these funds. Securities purchases are held in a custodial account with US Bank. The Town has contracted with Meeder Investments to assist with management of these funds. Excess funds that are not invested in specific securities are held in the State of California managed Local Agency Investment Fund (LAIF), California CLASS and Tri-Counties Bank Money Market Account. Future use of these funds continues to be evaluated through a long-term fiscal sustainability model. Based on current rebuild rates and revenue growth trends, at this time it is expected that at least 80% of the total fund balance will be required to be utilized for long-term revenue backfill to ensure continued fiscal sustainability. US Bank Custodial has provided yields of 3.04% for the quarter ending March 31, 2025.

In June of 2011, the Town established an irrevocable trust to begin funding the future obligations associated with retiree health as required by GASB 45. The funds are being managed by SelfInsured Schools of California (SISC) and can only be used for the payment of retiree health benefits. SISC has provided yields of (.67%) for the quarter ending December 31, 2024.

Financial Impact:

Total investment earnings for the quarter ending March 31, 2025 are $871.473 38 Town of Paradise Operating
Account
Quarterly Investment Report
March 31, 2025
Your Investment Representative:

Jim McCourt
(614) 923-1151
[email protected]
For questions about your account please contact your investment representative or contact [email protected] Dublin, Ohio | Lansing, Michigan | Long Beach, California | Austin, Texas | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com 39 QUARTERLY RECONCILIATION
Beginning Book Value 186,572,563.57
Contributions
Withdrawals
Prior Month Management Fees (16,500.00)
Prior Month Custodian Fees (3,441.24)
Realized Gains/Losses (524,792.13)
Purchased Interest (23,850.25)
Gross Interest Earnings 1,171,260.25
Ending Book Value 187,175,240.20

PORTFOLIO CHARACTERISTICS
Portfolio Yield to Maturity 3.04%
Portfolio Effective Duration 1.90 yrs
Weighted Average Maturity 2.14 yrs
Weighted Average Life 2.08 yrs

PROJECTED MONTHLY INCOME SCHEDULE

SECTOR ALLOCATION MATURITY DISTRIBUTION CREDIT QUALITY
6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 2 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

PORTFOLIO SUMMARY
As of March 31, 2025
40 CUSIP SECURITY DESCRIPTION Apr 2025 May 2025 Jun 2025 Jul 2025 Aug 2025 Sep 2025 Oct 2025 Nov 2025 Dec 2025 Jan 2026 Feb 2026 Mar 2026 023135CF1 Amazon.com, Inc. 3.300%
04/13/2027
33,000 33,000
03667PHE5 Antelope Valley
Community College District

0.866% 08/01/2025
736
037833CJ7 Apple Inc. 3.350%
02/09/2027
25,125 25,125
037833DB3 Apple Inc. 2.900%
09/12/2027
14,500 14,500
037833EB2 Apple Inc. 0.700%
02/08/2026
17,500 28,750
13034AL65 California Infrastructure
and Economic
Development Bank 0.765%
10/01/2025
3,825 (3,425)
13063DC48 California, State of 1.700%
02/01/2028
7,650 7,650
13063EGT7 California, State of 4.500%
08/01/2029
38,250 38,250
14913R2Q9 Caterpillar Financial
Services Corporation

1.150% 09/14/2026
14,375 14,375
157432MG7 Chaffey Community
College District 4.450%
06/01/2028
45,711
157432MH5 Chaffey Community
College District 4.530%
06/01/2029
43,287
17275RBX9 Cisco Systems, Inc.

4.750% 02/24/2030
47,500 47,500
20056XAC2 Commerce, City of 1.212%
08/01/2026
3,182 3,182
206849GN5 Conejo Valley Unified
School District 0.974%
08/01/2025
998
20772KNX3 Connecticut, State of

1.123% 06/01/2026
12,353 12,353
21969AAE2 Corona, City of 1.361%
05/01/2026
13,100 13,100
22533TUM6 Credit Agricole Corporate
and Investment Bank
07/21/2025
65,379
6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 3 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

PROJECTED INCOME SCHEDULE
As of March 31, 2025
41 CUSIP SECURITY DESCRIPTION Apr 2025 May 2025 Jun 2025 Jul 2025 Aug 2025 Sep 2025 Oct 2025 Nov 2025 Dec 2025 Jan 2026 Feb 2026 Mar 2026 22533TYS9 Credit Agricole Corporate
and Investment Bank
11/26/2025
138,180
24422EWD7 John Deere Capital
Corporation 2.350%
03/08/2027
17,625 17,625
30303M8L9 Meta Platforms, Inc.

4.600% 05/15/2028
69,000 69,000
3130AMWE8 FHLBANKS 1.00%
06/30/2028
15,000 15,000
3130ATUS4 FHLB 4.250% 12/10/2027 14,875 14,875
3132XFRD2 Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation

4.200% 07/01/2029
7,705 7,575 7,444 7,312 7,180 7,047 6,913 6,779 6,644 6,508 6,372 6,235 3132XKTY3 Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation

4.140% 08/01/2029
10,350 10,181 10,011 9,840 9,669 9,497 9,324 9,150 8,975 8,800 8,623 8,446 3133EMMR0 FFCB 0.470% 01/12/2026 5,499
3133EP4A0 FFCB 4.250% 02/28/2029 21,250 21,250
3133EPNH4 FFCB 3.875 06/21/2028 21,313 21,313
3133ERAK7 FFCB 4.375% 04/10/2029 54,688 54,688
3134GXFA7 FMCC 0.650% 11/26/2025 9,750 9,750
3135G06Q1 FNMA 0.640% 12/30/2025 9,600 5,850
3137FKUN4 Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation

3.591% 10/25/2027
2,991 2,930 2,869 2,807 2,745 2,683 2,621 2,559 2,496 2,433 2,370 2,306 3137FMU67 Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation

2.862% 05/25/2026
4,483 4,171 3,856 3,541 3,225 2,908 2,589 2,269 1,949 1,627 1,304 979 3137FQK77 Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation

2.512% 10/25/2026
3,649 3,514 3,379 3,243 3,107 2,970 2,833 2,696 2,558 2,419 2,281 2,141 3137HFF59 Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation

4.618% 07/25/2029
10,991 10,804 10,617 10,428 10,239 10,049 9,858 9,666 9,473 9,279 9,084 8,889 3140HUFK7 Federal National Mortgage
Association, Inc. 2.790%
07/01/2029
6,624 6,507 6,389 6,270 6,152 6,033 5,913 5,793 5,673 5,553 5,432 5,310 6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 4 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

PROJECTED INCOME SCHEDULE
As of March 31, 2025
42 CUSIP SECURITY DESCRIPTION Apr 2025 May 2025 Jun 2025 Jul 2025 Aug 2025 Sep 2025 Oct 2025 Nov 2025 Dec 2025 Jan 2026 Feb 2026 Mar 2026 3140LLEB3 Federal National Mortgage
Association, Inc. 4.390%
07/01/2028
3,232 3,158 3,084 3,010 2,935 2,860 2,784 2,708 2,632 2,555 2,478 2,401 38149MZJ5 Goldman Sachs Bank USA
Holdings LLC 1.050%
09/08/2026
1,318 1,297
419792ZL3 Hawaii, State of 0.852%
10/01/2025
21,300 (30,950)
4581X0EN4 IADB 4.125% 02/15/2029 68,269 68,269
459058JL8 IBRD 0.500% 10/28/2025 12,500
459058JS3 IBRD 0.650% 02/10/2026 6,500 24,780
45950VPU4 IFC 0.75% 03/23/2026 7,500 12,620
478160DH4 Johnson & Johnson

4.550% 03/01/2028
48,281 45,500
48128GU99 JPMorgan Chase & Co.

1.250% 07/31/2027
15,625 15,625
482124SP0 Jurupa Unified School
District 1.059% 08/01/2025
(1,617)
50420BDE9 La Quinta, City Of 1.168%
09/01/2025
(11,280)
56781RJJ7 Marin Community College
District 5.000% 08/01/2025
(227,520)
574193TR9 Maryland, State of 0.660%
08/01/2025
(4,680)
62479LTT2 MUFG Bank, Ltd.
06/27/2025
57,225
63873JYJ3 Natixis 11/18/2025 64,950
68609TWD6 Oregon, State of 0.895%
05/01/2025
(23,056)
69371RR99 PACCAR Financial Corp.

3.550% 08/11/2025
33,480
696735QQ5 Palmdale School District

1.071% 08/01/2026
1,339 1,339
713448FX1 PepsiCo, Inc. 4.500%
07/17/2029
26,550 26,550
713448GB8 PepsiCo, Inc. 4.600%
02/07/2030
28,750 28,750
6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 5 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

PROJECTED INCOME SCHEDULE
As of March 31, 2025
43 CUSIP SECURITY DESCRIPTION Apr 2025 May 2025 Jun 2025 Jul 2025 Aug 2025 Sep 2025 Oct 2025 Nov 2025 Dec 2025 Jan 2026 Feb 2026 Mar 2026 742651DY5 PEFCO 1.400%
07/15/2028
20,475 20,475
742651DZ2 PEFCO 3.900%
10/15/2027
33,150 33,150
742718FZ7 Procter & Gamble
Company, The 3.950%
01/26/2028
39,204 39,204
7954507A7 Sallie Mae Bank 1.000%
07/14/2026
1,230 1,250
797412DM2 San Diego County Water
Authority 0.743%
05/01/2025
(2,994)
79773KBG8 San Francisco, City &
County of 0.766%
06/15/2025
766
798186N81 San Jose Unified School
District 0.558% 08/01/2025
2,790
80182AAE9 Santa Cruz, County of

1.024% 06/01/2026
10,931 10,931
802649TJ2 Santa Rosa, City of

0.977% 09/01/2025
(16,884)
880591EZ1 TVA 3.875% 03/15/2028 40,688 40,688
89236TJZ9 Toyota Motor Credit
Corporation 3.050%
03/22/2027
26,688 26,688
89236TLN3 Toyota Motor Credit
Corporation 5.000%
01/22/2029
52,500 52,500
9128284N7 UST 2.875% 05/15/2028 31,625 31,625
912828U24 UST 2.000% 11/15/2026 33,000 33,000
912828X88 UST 2.375% 05/15/2027 34,438 34,438
91282CCP4 UST 0.625% 07/31/2026 7,813 7,813
91282CCW9 UST 0.750% 08/31/2026 9,375 9,375
91282CCZ2 UST 0.875% 09/30/2026 12,906 12,906
91282CEV9 UST 3.250% 06/30/2029 43,875 43,875
91282CEW7 UST 3.250% 06/30/2027 40,625 40,625
6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 6 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

PROJECTED INCOME SCHEDULE
As of March 31, 2025
44 CUSIP SECURITY DESCRIPTION Apr 2025 May 2025 Jun 2025 Jul 2025 Aug 2025 Sep 2025 Oct 2025 Nov 2025 Dec 2025 Jan 2026 Feb 2026 Mar 2026 91282CFH9 UST 3.125% 08/31/2027 35,938 35,938
91282CFL0 UST 3.875% 09/30/2029 48,438 48,438
91282CFM8 UST 4.125% 09/30/2027 19,594 19,594
91282CFZ9 UST 3.875% 11/30/2027 54,250 54,250
91282CGP0 UST 4.000% 02/29/2028 44,500 44,500
91282CHK0 UST 4.000% 06/30/2028 50,000 50,000
91282CHQ7 UST 4.125% 07/31/2028 51,563 51,563
91282CHX2 UST 4.375% 08/31/2028 44,844 44,844
91282CJA0 UST 4.625% 09/30/2028 58,391 58,391
91282CJR3 UST 3.750% 12/31/2028 37,500 37,500
91282CKG5 UST 4.125% 03/31/2029 51,563 51,563
91282CMA6 UST 4.125% 11/30/2029 54,656 54,656
91412HGE7 Regents of the University
of California, The 0.883%
05/15/2025
(57,298)
91412HJL8 Regents of the University
of California, The 0.670%
05/15/2025
5,025
931142FB4 Walmart Inc. 3.900%
04/15/2028
42,900 42,900
969268DG3 William S. Hart Union High
School District 0.757%
08/01/2025
3,785
TOTAL 251,389 270,335 361,711 332,289 253,193 377,746 172,197 544,568 381,719 254,153 467,444 400,890 6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 7 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

PROJECTED INCOME SCHEDULE
As of March 31, 2025
45 CUSIP Security
Description
Trade Date/
Settlement
Date
Par Value
Principal Cost/
Purchased
Interest
Total Cost Yield at
Cost
Maturity/
Duration
Market Price/
Market Value
Unrealized Gain/
(Loss)
% of
Assets
Moody's/
S&P
Rating
Cash and Cash Equivalents
00266CASH LAIF-PG&E 3/31/2025
3/31/2025
$50,971.86 $50,971.86 $50,971.86 4.31% 0.003

0.003
$1.00
$50,971.86
$0.00 0.02% NR
00343CASH California CLASS
Prime Fund
3/31/2025
3/31/2025
$11,836,310.76 $11,836,310.76 $11,836,310.76 4.41% 0.003

0.003
$1.00
$11,836,310.76
$0.00 5.68%
00365CASH LAIF-GENERAL 3/31/2025
3/31/2025
$1,111,037.06 $1,111,037.06 $1,111,037.06 4.31% 0.003

0.003
$1.00
$1,111,037.06
$0.00 0.53%
00378CASH Tri Counties Bank
Money Market
Account x4138
3/31/2025
3/31/2025
$8,978,263.89 $8,978,263.89 $8,978,263.89 4.22% 0.003

0.003
$1.00
$8,978,263.89
$0.00 4.31%
31846V567 First American
Funds, Inc.
3/31/2025
3/31/2025
$447,339.82 $447,339.82 $447,339.82 4.23% 0.003

0.003
$1.00
$447,339.82
$0.00 0.21%
AAAm
SubTotal $22,423,923.39 $22,423,923.39 $22,423,923.39 4.33% $22,423,923.39 $0.00 10.77% Agency Bond
3134GXFA7 FMCC 0.650%
11/26/2025
11/24/2020
11/30/2020
$3,000,000.00 $3,000,000.00 $3,000,000.00 0.65% 0.658

0.651
$97.62
$2,928,690.00
($71,310.00) 1.41% Aaa
AA+
3135G06Q1 FNMA 0.640%
12/30/2025
12/23/2020
12/30/2020
$3,000,000.00 $3,003,750.00 $3,003,750.00 0.61% 0.751

0.765
$97.29
$2,918,700.00
($85,050.00) 1.40% Aaa
AA+
3133EMMR0 FFCB 0.470%
01/12/2026
1/5/2021
1/12/2021
$2,340,000.00 $2,336,536.80 $2,336,536.80 0.50% 0.786

0.779
$97.04
$2,270,782.80
($65,754.00) 1.09% Aaa
AA+
742651DZ2 PEFCO 3.900%
10/15/2027
6/14/2023
6/16/2023
$1,700,000.00 $1,680,883.50 $1,680,883.50 4.19% 2.542

2.398
$99.13
$1,685,142.00
$4,258.50 0.81% Aaa
AA+
3130ATUS4 FHLB 4.250%
12/10/2027
12/20/2022
12/21/2022
$700,000.00 $710,829.00 $710,829.00 3.90% 2.696

2.541
$100.75
$705,254.20
($5,574.80) 0.34% Aaa
AA+
880591EZ1 TVA 3.875%
03/15/2028
3/28/2023
3/30/2023
$2,100,000.00 $2,088,678.90 $2,088,678.90 4.00% 2.959

2.816
$99.72
$2,094,141.00
$5,462.10 1.01% Aaa
AA+
3133EPNH4 FFCB 3.875
06/21/2028
6/15/2023
6/21/2023
$1,100,000.00 $1,095,105.00 $1,095,105.00 3.97% 3.227

3.028
$99.59
$1,095,512.00
$407.00 0.53% Aaa
AA+
3130AMWE8 FHLBANKS 1.00%
06/30/2028
5/14/2024
5/15/2024
$2,000,000.00 $1,792,380.00 $1,792,380.00 4.80% 3.252

3.154
$93.79
$1,875,860.00
$83,480.00 0.90% Aaa
AA+
742651DY5 PEFCO 1.400%
07/15/2028
9/8/2023
9/12/2023
$2,925,000.00 $2,532,336.30 $2,532,336.30 4.52% 3.293

3.212
$91.40
$2,673,391.50
$141,055.20 1.28% Aaa
AA+
3133EP4A0 FFCB 4.250%
02/28/2029
2/28/2024
2/29/2024
$1,000,000.00 $996,480.00 $996,480.00 4.33% 3.918

3.630
$100.70
$1,007,030.00
$10,550.00 0.48% Aaa
AA+
6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 8 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

POSITION STATEMENT
As of March 31, 2025
46 CUSIP Security
Description
Trade Date/
Settlement
Date
Par Value
Principal Cost/
Purchased
Interest
Total Cost Yield at
Cost
Maturity/
Duration
Market Price/
Market Value
Unrealized Gain/
(Loss)
% of
Assets
Moody's/
S&P
Rating
3133ERAK7 FFCB 4.375%
04/10/2029
4/18/2024
4/19/2024
$2,500,000.00 $2,466,060.00 $2,466,060.00 4.68% 4.030

3.661
$101.18
$2,529,450.00
$63,390.00 1.21% Aaa
AA+
SubTotal $22,365,000.00 $21,703,039.50 $21,703,039.50 2.97% $21,783,953.50 $80,914.00 10.46% Commercial Paper
62479LTT2 MUFG Bank, Ltd.
06/27/2025
12/19/2024
12/20/2024
$2,500,000.00 $2,442,775.00 $2,442,775.00 4.46% 0.241

0.244
$98.93
$2,473,125.00
$30,350.00 1.19% P-1
A-1
22533TUM6 Credit Agricole
Corporate and
Investment Bank
07/21/2025
12/20/2024
12/20/2024
$2,500,000.00 $2,434,620.83 $2,434,620.83 4.54% 0.307

0.311
$98.61
$2,465,127.50
$30,506.67 1.18% P-1
A-1
63873JYJ3 Natixis 11/18/2025 2/21/2025
2/21/2025
$2,000,000.00 $1,935,050.00 $1,935,050.00 4.48% 0.636

0.644
$97.19
$1,943,710.00
$8,660.00 0.93% P-1
A-1
22533TYS9 Credit Agricole
Corporate and
Investment Bank
11/26/2025
3/26/2025
3/26/2025
$4,800,000.00 $4,661,820.00 $4,661,820.00 4.36% 0.658

0.667
$97.11
$4,661,424.00
($396.00) 2.24% P-1
A-1
SubTotal $11,800,000.00 $11,474,265.83 $11,474,265.83 4.44% $11,543,386.50 $69,120.67 5.54% Corporate Bond
69371RR99 PACCAR Financial
Corp. 3.550%
08/11/2025
8/10/2022
8/12/2022
$2,000,000.00 $2,002,020.00 $2,002,020.00 3.51% 0.364

0.361
$99.67
$1,993,380.00
($8,640.00) 0.96% A1
A+
037833EB2 Apple Inc. 0.700%
02/08/2026
2/2/2021
2/8/2021
$5,000,000.00 $4,988,750.00 $4,988,750.00 0.75% 0.860

0.851
$97.00
$4,850,180.00
($138,570.00) 2.33% Aaa
AA+
14913R2Q9 Caterpillar Financial
Services
Corporation 1.150%
09/14/2026
9/17/2021
9/21/2021
$2,500,000.00 $2,506,275.00 $2,506,275.00 1.10% 1.458

1.444
$95.66
$2,391,475.00
($114,800.00) 1.15% A2
A
037833CJ7 Apple Inc. 3.350%
02/09/2027
8/23/2024
8/26/2024
$1,500,000.00 $1,476,285.00 $1,476,285.00 4.03% 1.863

1.806
$98.68
$1,480,140.00
$3,855.00 0.71% Aaa
AA+
24422EWD7 John Deere Capital
Corporation 2.350%
03/08/2027
3/8/2022
3/10/2022
$1,500,000.00 $1,497,345.00 $1,497,345.00 2.39% 1.937

1.901
$96.47
$1,447,080.00
($50,265.00) 0.69% A1
A
6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 9 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

POSITION STATEMENT
As of March 31, 2025
47 CUSIP Security
Description
Trade Date/
Settlement
Date
Par Value
Principal Cost/
Purchased
Interest
Total Cost Yield at
Cost
Maturity/
Duration
Market Price/
Market Value
Unrealized Gain/
(Loss)
% of
Assets
Moody's/
S&P
Rating
89236TJZ9 Toyota Motor Credit
Corporation 3.050%
03/22/2027
3/18/2022
3/22/2022
$1,750,000.00 $1,757,752.50 $1,757,752.50 2.95% 1.975 $97.56 $1,707,340.65
($50,411.85) 0.82% A1
A+
023135CF1 Amazon.com, Inc.

3.300% 04/13/2027
5/17/2022
5/19/2022
$2,000,000.00 $1,982,220.00 $1,982,220.00 3.50% 2.036

1.952
$98.31
$1,966,180.00
($16,040.00) 0.94% A1
AA
48128GU99 JPMorgan Chase &
Co. 1.250%
07/31/2027
10/2/2024
10/3/2024
$2,500,000.00 $2,288,500.00 $2,288,500.00 4.47% 2.334

2.301
$91.82
$2,295,500.00
$7,000.00 1.10% A1
A
037833DB3 Apple Inc. 2.900%
09/12/2027
1/30/2023
2/1/2023
$1,000,000.00 $946,510.00 $946,510.00 4.19% 2.452

2.376
$97.12
$971,190.00
$24,680.00 0.47% Aaa
AA+
478160DH4 Johnson & Johnson

4.550% 03/01/2028
2/19/2025
2/20/2025
$2,000,000.00 $2,004,300.00 $2,004,300.00 4.47% 2.921

2.753
$101.03
$2,020,680.00
$16,380.00 0.97% Aaa
AAA
931142FB4 Walmart Inc. 3.900%
04/15/2028
9/17/2024
9/18/2024
$2,200,000.00 $2,219,096.00 $2,219,096.00 3.64% 3.044

2.844
$99.54
$2,189,880.00
($29,216.00) 1.05% Aa2
AA
30303M8L9 Meta Platforms, Inc.

4.600% 05/15/2028
6/25/2024
6/26/2024
$3,000,000.00 $3,000,180.00 $3,000,180.00 4.60% 3.126

2.897
$101.17
$3,035,241.00
$35,061.00 1.46% Aa3
AA89236TLN3 Toyota Motor Credit
Corporation 5.000%
01/22/2029
1/11/2024
1/22/2024
$2,100,000.00 $2,100,000.00 $2,100,000.00 5.00% 3.816

3.483
$100.02
$2,100,325.50
$325.50 1.01% A1
A+
713448FX1 PepsiCo, Inc.

4.500% 07/17/2029
7/15/2024
7/17/2024
$1,180,000.00 $1,179,480.80 $1,179,480.80 4.51% 4.299

3.920
$100.86
$1,190,183.40
$10,702.60 0.57% A1
A+
713448GB8 PepsiCo, Inc.

4.600% 02/07/2030
2/6/2025
2/7/2025
$1,250,000.00 $1,247,075.00 $1,247,075.00 4.65% 4.860

4.375
$100.73
$1,259,075.00
$12,000.00 0.60% A1
A+
17275RBX9 Cisco Systems, Inc.

4.750% 02/24/2030
2/19/2025
2/24/2025
$2,000,000.00 $1,999,640.00 $1,999,640.00 4.75% 4.907

4.410
$101.28
$2,025,640.00
$26,000.00 0.97% A1
AASubTotal $33,480,000.00 $33,195,429.30 $33,195,429.30 3.38% $32,923,490.55 ($271,938.75) 15.81% Corporate Note
742718FZ7 Procter & Gamble
Company, The

3.950% 01/26/2028
8/29/2024
8/30/2024
$1,985,000.00 $1,984,206.00 $1,984,206.00 3.96% 2.825

2.678
$99.89
$1,982,796.65
($1,409.35) 0.95% Aa3
AASubTotal $1,985,000.00 $1,984,206.00 $1,984,206.00 3.96% $1,982,796.65 ($1,409.35) 0.95% Mortgage-backed Security (Commercial)
3137FQK77 Federal Home Loan
Mortgage
Corporation 2.512%
10/25/2026
8/29/2024
9/4/2024
$2,125,889.58 $2,054,057.76 $2,054,057.76 4.90% 1.570

1.410
$97.40
$2,070,595.11
$16,537.35 0.99% Aaa
AA+
6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 10 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

POSITION STATEMENT
As of March 31, 2025
48 CUSIP Security
Description
Trade Date/
Settlement
Date
Par Value
Principal Cost/
Purchased
Interest
Total Cost Yield at
Cost
Maturity/
Duration
Market Price/
Market Value
Unrealized Gain/
(Loss)
% of
Assets
Moody's/
S&P
Rating
3137FKUN4 Federal Home Loan
Mortgage
Corporation 3.591%
10/25/2027
9/16/2024
9/19/2024
$1,120,319.27 $1,110,647.76 $1,110,647.76 4.13% 2.570

2.176
$99.30
$1,112,501.79
$1,854.03 0.53% Aaa
AA+
3140LLEB3 Federal National
Mortgage
Association, Inc.

4.390% 07/01/2028
8/15/2023
8/18/2023
$1,250,000.00 $1,222,656.25 $1,222,656.25 4.94% 3.255

1.733
$100.19
$1,252,375.00
$29,718.75 0.60% Aaa
AA+
3132XFRD2 Federal Home Loan
Mortgage
Corporation 4.200%
07/01/2029
9/9/2024
9/12/2024
$2,450,000.00 $2,486,462.89 $2,486,462.89 3.89% 4.255

2.216
$99.18
$2,429,883.05
($56,579.84) 1.17% Aaa
AA+
3140HUFK7 Federal National
Mortgage
Association, Inc.

2.790% 07/01/2029
12/19/2024
12/24/2024
$3,000,000.00 $2,760,000.00 $2,760,000.00 4.77% 4.255

2.188
$93.92
$2,817,627.00
$57,627.00 1.35% Aaa
AA+
3137HFF59 Federal Home Loan
Mortgage
Corporation 4.618%
07/25/2029
8/13/2024
8/22/2024
$3,000,000.00 $3,052,422.00 $3,052,422.00 4.19% 4.321

2.451
$100.91
$3,027,222.00
($25,200.00) 1.45% Aaa
AA+
3132XKTY3 Federal Home Loan
Mortgage
Corporation 4.140%
08/01/2029
3/7/2025
3/12/2025
$3,000,000.00 $2,959,453.13
$3,795.00
$2,963,248.13 4.51% 4.340

2.251
$98.93
$2,967,777.00
$8,323.87 1.42% Aaa
AA+
SubTotal $15,946,208.85 $15,645,699.79
$3,795.00
$15,649,494.79 4.46% $15,677,980.95 $32,281.16 7.53%
Mortgage-backed Security (Residential)
3137FMU67 Federal Home Loan
Mortgage
Corporation 2.862%
05/25/2026
11/22/2024
11/27/2024
$2,400,126.00 $2,344,435.49 $2,344,435.49 4.55% 1.151

0.820
$98.45
$2,362,991.25
$18,555.76 1.13% Aaa
AA+
SubTotal $2,400,126.00 $2,344,435.49 $2,344,435.49 4.55% $2,362,991.25 $18,555.76 1.13% Municipal Bond
13063DGB8 California, State of

3.375% 04/01/2025
12/23/2020
12/28/2020
$475,000.00 $531,610.50 $531,610.50 0.54% 0.003

0.003
$100.00
$475,000.00
($56,610.50) 0.23% WR
AA797412DM2 San Diego County
Water Authority

0.743% 05/01/2025
11/24/2020
11/27/2020
$1,075,000.00 $1,081,987.50 $1,081,987.50 0.59% 0.085

0.083
$99.68
$1,071,594.40
($10,393.10) 0.51% Aa2
AAA
6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 11 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

POSITION STATEMENT
As of March 31, 2025
49 CUSIP Security
Description
Trade Date/
Settlement
Date
Par Value
Principal Cost/
Purchased
Interest
Total Cost Yield at
Cost
Maturity/
Duration
Market Price/
Market Value
Unrealized Gain/
(Loss)
% of
Assets
Moody's/
S&P
Rating
68609TWD6 Oregon, State of

0.895% 05/01/2025
12/8/2020
12/10/2020
$1,750,000.00 $1,780,887.50 $1,780,887.50 0.49% 0.085

0.083
$99.71
$1,744,856.75
($36,030.75) 0.84% Aa1
AA+
91412HGE7 Regents of the
University of
California, The

0.883% 05/15/2025
12/15/2020
12/17/2020
$1,425,000.00 $1,442,199.75 $1,442,199.75 0.61% 0.123

0.122
$99.55
$1,418,584.65
($23,615.10) 0.68% Aa2
AA
91412HGE7 Regents of the
University of
California, The

0.883% 05/15/2025
12/21/2020
12/23/2020
$1,355,000.00 $1,372,736.95 $1,372,736.95 0.58% 0.123

0.122
$99.55
$1,348,899.79
($23,837.16) 0.65% Aa2
AA
91412HGE7 Regents of the
University of
California, The

0.883% 05/15/2025
1/20/2021
1/22/2021
$3,000,000.00 $3,047,880.00 $3,047,880.00 0.51% 0.123

0.122
$99.55
$2,986,494.00
($61,386.00) 1.43% Aa2
AA
79773KBG8 San Francisco, City
& County of 0.766%
06/15/2025
11/20/2020
12/8/2020
$200,000.00 $200,000.00 $200,000.00 0.77% 0.208

0.206
$99.26
$198,516.80
($1,483.20) 0.10% Aa1
AA+
574193TR9 Maryland, State of

0.660% 08/01/2025
11/18/2020
11/20/2020
$3,000,000.00 $3,014,580.00 $3,014,580.00 0.56% 0.337

0.333
$98.81
$2,964,237.00
($50,343.00) 1.42% Aaa
AAA
56781RJJ7 Marin Community
College District

5.000% 08/01/2025
11/25/2020
11/30/2020
$1,280,000.00 $1,539,520.00 $1,539,520.00 0.59% 0.337

0.333
$100.28
$1,283,539.20
($255,980.80) 0.62% Aaa
AAA
969268DG3 William S. Hart
Union High School
District 0.757%
08/01/2025
12/10/2020
12/23/2020
$1,000,000.00 $1,000,000.00 $1,000,000.00 0.76% 0.337

0.333
$98.65
$986,542.00
($13,458.00) 0.47% Aa2
798186N81 San Jose Unified
School District

0.558% 08/01/2025
1/8/2021
1/20/2021
$1,000,000.00 $1,000,000.00 $1,000,000.00 0.56% 0.337

0.333
$98.71
$987,127.00
($12,873.00) 0.47% Aaa
AA+
482124SP0 Jurupa Unified
School District

1.059% 08/01/2025
5/27/2021
6/1/2021
$500,000.00 $504,265.00 $504,265.00 0.85% 0.337

0.333
$98.86
$494,286.00
($9,979.00) 0.24% Aa3
03667PHE5 Antelope Valley
Community College
District 0.866%
08/01/2025
8/11/2021
8/31/2021
$170,000.00 $170,000.00 $170,000.00 0.87% 0.337

0.333
$98.84
$168,022.56
($1,977.44) 0.08% Aa2
AA
206849GN5 Conejo Valley
Unified School
District 0.974%
08/01/2025
9/1/2021
9/22/2021
$205,000.00 $205,000.00 $205,000.00 0.97% 0.337

0.333
$98.89
$202,714.66
($2,285.34) 0.10% Aa2
6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 12 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

POSITION STATEMENT
As of March 31, 2025
50 CUSIP Security
Description
Trade Date/
Settlement
Date
Par Value
Principal Cost/
Purchased
Interest
Total Cost Yield at
Cost
Maturity/
Duration
Market Price/
Market Value
Unrealized Gain/
(Loss)
% of
Assets
Moody's/
S&P
Rating
802649TJ2 Santa Rosa, City of

0.977% 09/01/2025
11/24/2020
12/1/2020
$1,530,000.00 $1,554,357.60 $1,554,357.60 0.64% 0.422

0.417
$98.60
$1,508,512.68
($45,844.92) 0.72%
AA
50420BDE9 La Quinta, City Of

1.168% 09/01/2025
4/8/2021
4/14/2021
$2,000,000.00 $2,022,960.00 $2,022,960.00 0.90% 0.422

0.417
$98.58
$1,971,556.00
($51,404.00) 0.95%
AA419792ZL3 Hawaii, State of

0.852% 10/01/2025
11/19/2020
11/23/2020
$5,000,000.00 $5,052,250.00 $5,052,250.00 0.63% 0.504

0.498
$98.25
$4,912,725.00
($139,525.00) 2.36% Aa2
AA+
13034AL65 California
Infrastructure and
Economic
Development Bank

0.765% 10/01/2025
12/8/2020
12/17/2020
$1,000,000.00 $1,007,250.00 $1,007,250.00 0.61% 0.504

0.498
$98.24
$982,365.00
($24,885.00) 0.47%
AAA
21969AAE2 Corona, City of

1.361% 05/01/2026
9/30/2021
10/14/2021
$860,000.00 $860,000.00 $860,000.00 1.36% 1.085

1.073
$97.08
$834,903.48
($25,096.52) 0.40%
AA+
21969AAE2 Corona, City of

1.361% 05/01/2026
10/5/2021
10/14/2021
$1,065,000.00 $1,071,336.75 $1,071,336.75 1.23% 1.085

1.073
$97.08
$1,033,921.17
($37,415.58) 0.50%
AA+
20772KNX3 Connecticut, State of

1.123% 06/01/2026
6/4/2021
6/9/2021
$2,200,000.00 $2,213,090.00 $2,213,090.00 1.00% 1.170

1.158
$96.45
$2,121,946.20
($91,143.80) 1.02% Aa3
AA80182AAE9 Santa Cruz, County
of 1.024%
06/01/2026
9/21/2021
9/23/2021
$1,060,000.00 $1,060,763.20 $1,060,763.20 1.01% 1.170

1.159
$96.14
$1,019,047.96
($41,715.24) 0.49%
AAA
80182AAE9 Santa Cruz, County
of 1.024%
06/01/2026
9/28/2021
9/30/2021
$1,075,000.00 $1,071,237.50 $1,071,237.50 1.10% 1.170

1.159
$96.14
$1,033,468.45
($37,769.05) 0.50%
AAA
696735QQ5 Palmdale School
District 1.071%
08/01/2026
8/6/2021
9/2/2021
$250,000.00 $250,000.00 $250,000.00 1.07% 1.337

1.325
$95.81
$239,534.00
($10,466.00) 0.12% Aa3
20056XAC2 Commerce, City of

1.212% 08/01/2026
8/25/2021
8/31/2021
$525,000.00 $525,000.00 $525,000.00 1.21% 1.337

1.324
$95.93
$503,648.25
($21,351.75) 0.24%
AA13063DC48 California, State of

1.700% 02/01/2028
1/25/2023
2/1/2023
$900,000.00 $805,545.00 $805,545.00 4.04% 2.841

2.768
$93.40
$840,555.00
$35,010.00 0.40% Aa2
AA157432MG7 Chaffey Community
College District

4.450% 06/01/2028
11/22/2024
12/17/2024
$1,075,000.00 $1,075,000.00 $1,075,000.00 4.45% 3.173

2.947
$100.74
$1,082,924.90
$7,924.90 0.52% Aa1
AA
157432MH5 Chaffey Community
College District

4.530% 06/01/2029
11/22/2024
12/17/2024
$1,000,000.00 $1,000,000.00 $1,000,000.00 4.53% 4.173

3.791
$101.09
$1,010,879.00
$10,879.00 0.49% Aa1
AA
13063EGT7 California, State of

4.500% 08/01/2029
11/5/2024
11/6/2024
$1,700,000.00 $1,707,378.00 $1,707,378.00 4.40% 4.340

3.959
$100.69
$1,711,774.20
$4,396.20 0.82% Aa2
AA6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 13 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

POSITION STATEMENT
As of March 31, 2025
51 CUSIP Security
Description
Trade Date/
Settlement
Date
Par Value
Principal Cost/
Purchased
Interest
Total Cost Yield at
Cost
Maturity/
Duration
Market Price/
Market Value
Unrealized Gain/
(Loss)
% of
Assets
Moody's/
S&P
Rating
SubTotal $37,675,000.00 $38,166,835.25 $38,166,835.25 1.18% $37,138,176.10 ($1,028,659.15) 17.83% Municipal Note
91412HJL8 Regents of the
University of
California, The

0.670% 05/15/2025
2/24/2021
3/10/2021
$1,500,000.00 $1,500,000.00 $1,500,000.00 0.67% 0.123

0.122
$99.53
$1,492,914.00
($7,086.00) 0.72% Aa2
AA
SubTotal $1,500,000.00 $1,500,000.00 $1,500,000.00 0.67% $1,492,914.00 ($7,086.00) 0.72% Negotiable Certificate of Deposit
7954507A7 Sallie Mae Bank

1.000% 07/14/2026
7/14/2021
7/16/2021
$248,000.00 $246,760.00 $246,760.00 1.10% 1.288

1.280
$96.10
$238,320.56
($8,439.44) 0.11%
38149MZJ5 Goldman Sachs
Bank USA Holdings
LLC 1.050%
09/08/2026
8/31/2021
9/8/2021
$249,000.00 $247,879.50 $247,879.50 1.14% 1.441

1.433
$95.76
$238,449.87
($9,429.63) 0.11%
SubTotal $497,000.00 $494,639.50 $494,639.50 1.12% $476,770.43 ($17,869.07) 0.23% Supranational
459058JL8 IBRD 0.500%
10/28/2025
2/3/2021
2/8/2021
$5,000,000.00 $4,994,200.00 $4,994,200.00 0.52% 0.578

0.574
$97.86
$4,892,900.00
($101,300.00) 2.35% Aaa
AA+
459058JS3 IBRD 0.650%
02/10/2026
5/27/2021
6/1/2021
$2,000,000.00 $1,981,720.00 $1,981,720.00 0.85% 0.866

0.857
$96.42
$1,928,376.00
($53,344.00) 0.93% Aaa
AA+
45950VPU4 IFC 0.75%
03/23/2026
3/4/2021
3/23/2021
$2,000,000.00 $1,994,880.00 $1,994,880.00 0.80% 0.978

0.976
$96.18
$1,923,500.00
($71,380.00) 0.92% Aaa
AA+
4581X0EN4 IADB 4.125%
02/15/2029
2/16/2024
2/21/2024
$3,310,000.00 $3,273,358.30 $3,273,358.30 4.37% 3.882

3.601
$100.34
$3,321,353.30
$47,995.00 1.59% Aaa
AA+
SubTotal $12,310,000.00 $12,244,158.30 $12,244,158.30 1.68% $12,066,129.30 ($178,029.00) 5.79% U.S. Treasury Bond
91282CCW9 UST 0.750%
08/31/2026
9/23/2021
9/24/2021
$2,500,000.00 $2,481,054.69 $2,481,054.69 0.91% 1.419

1.384
$95.58
$2,389,452.50
($91,602.19) 1.15% Aaa
AA+
SubTotal $2,500,000.00 $2,481,054.69 $2,481,054.69 0.91% $2,389,452.50 ($91,602.19) 1.15% 6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 14 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

POSITION STATEMENT
As of March 31, 2025
52 CUSIP Security
Description
Trade Date/
Settlement
Date
Par Value
Principal Cost/
Purchased
Interest
Total Cost Yield at
Cost
Maturity/
Duration
Market Price/
Market Value
Unrealized Gain/
(Loss)
% of
Assets
Moody's/
S&P
Rating
U.S. Treasury Note
91282CCP4 UST 0.625%
07/31/2026
9/23/2021
9/24/2021
$2,500,000.00 $2,462,792.97 $2,462,792.97 0.94% 1.334

1.332
$95.64
$2,391,112.50
($71,680.47) 1.15% Aaa
AA+
91282CCZ2 UST 0.875%
09/30/2026
9/28/2021
9/30/2021
$2,950,000.00 $2,930,525.39 $2,930,525.39 1.01% 1.501

1.464
$95.52
$2,817,940.30
($112,585.09) 1.35% Aaa
AA+
912828U24 UST 2.000%
11/15/2026
3/4/2025
3/5/2025
$3,300,000.00 $3,194,425.78
$20,055.25
$3,214,481.03 3.97% 1.627

1.594
$96.93
$3,198,680.10
$4,254.32 1.54% Aaa
AA+
912828X88 UST 2.375%
05/15/2027
11/10/2023
11/13/2023
$2,900,000.00 $2,679,214.84 $2,679,214.84 4.76% 2.123

2.065
$96.84
$2,808,470.20
$129,255.36 1.35% Aaa
AA+
91282CEW7 UST 3.250%
06/30/2027
8/21/2023
8/22/2023
$2,500,000.00 $2,383,886.72 $2,383,886.72 4.58% 2.249

2.172
$98.60
$2,465,040.00
$81,153.28 1.18% Aaa
AA+
91282CFH9 UST 3.125%
08/31/2027
11/22/2023
11/24/2023
$2,300,000.00 $2,187,785.16 $2,187,785.16 4.55% 2.419

2.339
$98.16
$2,257,774.30
$69,989.14 1.08% Aaa
AA+
91282CFM8 UST 4.125%
09/30/2027
3/3/2023
3/6/2023
$950,000.00 $941,835.94 $941,835.94 4.33% 2.501

2.401
$100.53
$955,047.35
$13,211.41 0.46% Aaa
AA+
91282CFZ9 UST 3.875%
11/30/2027
5/9/2024
5/10/2024
$2,800,000.00 $2,735,796.88 $2,735,796.88 4.58% 2.668

2.529
$99.90
$2,797,160.80
$61,363.92 1.34% Aaa
AA+
91282CGP0 UST 4.000%
02/29/2028
2/23/2023
3/1/2023
$1,175,000.00 $1,165,866.21 $1,165,866.21 4.17% 2.918

2.773
$100.23
$1,177,683.70
$11,817.49 0.57% Aaa
AA+
91282CGP0 UST 4.000%
02/29/2028
8/21/2023
8/22/2023
$1,050,000.00 $1,028,548.83 $1,028,548.83 4.50% 2.918

2.773
$100.23
$1,052,398.20
$23,849.37 0.51% Aaa
AA+
9128284N7 UST 2.875%
05/15/2028
5/15/2023
5/16/2023
$2,200,000.00 $2,137,609.38 $2,137,609.38 3.50% 3.126

2.984
$96.92
$2,132,281.80
($5,327.58) 1.02% Aaa
AA+
91282CHK0 UST 4.000%
06/30/2028
8/21/2023
8/22/2023
$2,500,000.00 $2,448,242.19 $2,448,242.19 4.48% 3.252

3.052
$100.26
$2,506,445.00
$58,202.81 1.20% Aaa
AA+
91282CHQ7 UST 4.125%
07/31/2028
8/21/2023
8/22/2023
$2,500,000.00 $2,463,964.84 $2,463,964.84 4.45% 3.337

3.133
$100.63
$2,515,792.50
$51,827.66 1.21% Aaa
AA+
91282CHX2 UST 4.375%
08/31/2028
9/27/2023
9/28/2023
$2,050,000.00 $2,027,818.36 $2,027,818.36 4.62% 3.422

3.201
$101.38
$2,078,347.40
$50,529.04 1.00% Aaa
AA+
91282CJA0 UST 4.625%
09/30/2028
4/18/2024
4/19/2024
$2,525,000.00 $2,519,377.93 $2,519,377.93 4.68% 3.504

3.274
$102.25
$2,581,812.50
$62,434.57 1.24% Aaa
AA+
91282CJR3 UST 3.750%
12/31/2028
1/16/2024
1/17/2024
$2,000,000.00 $1,983,750.00 $1,983,750.00 3.93% 3.756

3.502
$99.32
$1,986,406.00
$2,656.00 0.95% Aaa
AA+
91282CKG5 UST 4.125%
03/31/2029
5/9/2024
5/10/2024
$2,500,000.00 $2,460,742.19 $2,460,742.19 4.49% 4.003

3.663
$100.63
$2,515,815.00
$55,072.81 1.21% Aaa
AA+
6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 15 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

POSITION STATEMENT
As of March 31, 2025
53 CUSIP Security
Description
Trade Date/
Settlement
Date
Par Value
Principal Cost/
Purchased
Interest
Total Cost Yield at
Cost
Maturity/
Duration
Market Price/
Market Value
Unrealized Gain/
(Loss)
% of
Assets
Moody's/
S&P
Rating
91282CEV9 UST 3.250%
06/30/2029
8/20/2024
8/21/2024
$2,700,000.00 $2,643,257.81 $2,643,257.81 3.73% 4.252

3.969
$97.22
$2,624,907.60
($18,350.21) 1.26% Aaa
AA+
91282CFL0 UST 3.875%
09/30/2029
10/18/2024
10/21/2024
$1,700,000.00 $1,695,417.97 $1,695,417.97 3.94% 4.504

4.172
$99.60
$1,693,227.20
($2,190.77) 0.81% Aaa
AA+
91282CFL0 UST 3.875%
09/30/2029
12/19/2024
12/20/2024
$800,000.00 $782,468.75 $782,468.75 4.39% 4.504

4.172
$99.60
$796,812.80
$14,344.05 0.38% Aaa
AA+
91282CMA6 UST 4.125%
11/30/2029
12/20/2024
12/23/2024
$2,650,000.00 $2,620,808.59
$6,907.11
$2,627,715.70 4.37% 4.671

4.238
$100.66
$2,667,596.00
$46,787.41 1.28% Aaa
AA+
SubTotal $46,550,000.00 $45,494,136.73
$26,962.36
$45,521,099.09 3.95% $46,020,751.25 $526,614.52 22.10%
Grand Total $211,432,258.24 $209,151,823.77
$30,757.36
$209,182,581.13 3.18% $208,282,716.37 ($869,107.40) 100.00% 6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 16 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

POSITION STATEMENT
As of March 31, 2025
54 Transaction
Type Trade Date Settlement Date CUSIP Security Description Par Value Principal Amount Purchased Interest Total Cost Yield at Cost Purchase
Purchase 2/6/2025 2/7/2025 713448GB8 PepsiCo, Inc. 4.600% 02/07/2030
1,250,000.00 1,247,075.00 1,247,075.00 4.65%
Purchase 2/19/2025 2/20/2025 478160DH4 Johnson & Johnson

4.550% 03/01/2028
2,000,000.00 2,004,300.00 2,004,300.00 4.47%
Purchase 2/21/2025 2/21/2025 63873JYJ3 Natixis 11/18/2025 2,000,000.00 1,935,050.00 1,935,050.00 4.48% Purchase 2/19/2025 2/24/2025 17275RBX9 Cisco Systems, Inc.

4.750% 02/24/2030
2,000,000.00 1,999,640.00 1,999,640.00 4.75%
Purchase 3/4/2025 3/5/2025 912828U24 UST 2.000% 11/15/2026 3,300,000.00 3,194,425.78 20,055.25 3,214,481.03 3.97% Purchase 3/7/2025 3/12/2025 3132XKTY3 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation

4.140% 08/01/2029
3,000,000.00 2,959,453.13 3,795.00 2,963,248.13 4.51%
Purchase 3/26/2025 3/26/2025 22533TYS9 Credit Agricole
Corporate and
Investment Bank
11/26/2025
4,800,000.00 4,661,820.00 4,661,820.00 4.36%
Total 18,350,000.00 18,001,763.91 23,850.25 18,025,614.16 Transaction
Type Trade Date Settlement Date CUSIP Security Description Par Value Principal Cost Total Proceeds Realized Gain/Loss Maturity
Maturity 3/11/2025 3/11/2025 459058JA2 IBRD 0.750% 03/11/2025 3,150,000.00 3,167,671.50 3,150,000.00 (17,671.50) Maturity 3/15/2025 3/15/2025 649791RA0 New York, State of 0.910% 03/15/2025 1,000,000.00 1,007,440.00 1,000,000.00 (7,440.00) Total 4,150,000.00 4,175,111.50 4,150,000.00 (25,111.50) Paydown
Paydown 1/25/2025 1/25/2025 3137FQK77 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 2.512% 10/25/2026
211,420.40 204,276.70 211,420.40 7,143.70
Paydown 1/25/2025 1/25/2025 3137FKUN4 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 3.591% 10/25/2027
53,144.82 52,686.03 53,144.82 458.79
6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 17 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

TRANSACTION STATEMENT
As of March 31, 2025
55 Transaction
Type Trade Date Settlement Date CUSIP Security Description Par Value Principal Cost Total Proceeds Realized Gain/Loss Paydown 1/25/2025 1/25/2025 3137FMU67 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 2.862% 05/25/2026
3,168.58 3,095.06 3,168.58 73.52
Paydown 2/25/2025 2/25/2025 3137FKUN4 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 3.591% 10/25/2027
53,359.09 52,898.45 53,359.09 460.64
Paydown 2/25/2025 2/25/2025 3137FMU67 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 2.862% 05/25/2026
3,180.30 3,106.51 3,180.30 73.79
Paydown 3/25/2025 3/25/2025 3137FKUN4 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 3.591% 10/25/2027
69,211.35 68,613.86 69,211.35 597.49
Paydown 3/25/2025 3/25/2025 3137FMU67 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 2.862% 05/25/2026
3,941.00 3,849.56 3,941.00 91.44
Total 397,425.54 388,526.17 397,425.54 8,899.37
Sell
Sell 2/19/2025 2/20/2025 3133EMDZ2 FFCB 0.520% 10/21/2025 5,000,000.00 4,986,000.00 4,875,900.00 (110,100.00) Sell 2/19/2025 2/20/2025 56781RJJ7 Marin Community College District 5.000% 08/01/2025
1,000,000.00 1,202,750.00 1,001,910.00 (200,840.00)
Sell 3/5/2025 3/5/2025 3135G06R9 FNMA 0.550% 01/28/2026 3,000,000.00 3,000,000.00 2,905,260.00 (94,740.00) Sell 3/10/2025 3/11/2025 31422B6K1 AGM 0.480% 01/15/2026 3,500,000.00 3,496,500.00 3,393,600.00 (102,900.00) Total 12,500,000.00 12,685,250.00 12,176,670.00 (508,580.00) Transaction Type Payment Date Settlement Date CUSIP Security Description Interest Received Interest/Dividends
Interest/Dividends 1/2/2025 1/2/2025 31846V567 First American Funds, Inc. 9,068.12 Interest/Dividends 1/13/2025 1/13/2025 3133EMMR0 FFCB 0.470% 01/12/2026 5,499.00 Interest/Dividends 1/14/2025 1/14/2025 7954507A7 Sallie Mae Bank 1.000% 07/14/2026 1,250.19 Interest/Dividends 1/15/2025 1/15/2025 31422B6K1 AGM 0.480% 01/15/2026 8,400.00 6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 18 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

TRANSACTION STATEMENT
As of March 31, 2025
56 Transaction Type Payment Date Settlement Date CUSIP Security Description Interest Received Interest/Dividends 1/15/2025 1/15/2025 742651DY5 PEFCO 1.400% 07/15/2028 20,475.00 Interest/Dividends 1/17/2025 1/17/2025 713448FX1 PepsiCo, Inc. 4.500% 07/17/2029 26,550.00 Interest/Dividends 1/22/2025 1/22/2025 89236TLN3 Toyota Motor Credit Corporation 5.000% 01/22/2029 52,500.00 Interest/Dividends 1/25/2025 1/25/2025 3137FKUN4 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 3.591% 10/25/2027
3,878.38
Interest/Dividends 1/25/2025 1/25/2025 3137FQK77 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 2.512% 10/25/2026
6,125.03
Interest/Dividends 1/25/2025 1/25/2025 3132XFRD2 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 4.200% 07/01/2029
8,860.83
Interest/Dividends 1/25/2025 1/25/2025 3137FMU67 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 2.862% 05/25/2026
5,748.84
Interest/Dividends 1/25/2025 1/25/2025 3137HFF59 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 4.618% 07/25/2029
11,545.00
Interest/Dividends 1/25/2025 1/25/2025 3140LLEB3 Federal National Mortgage Association, Inc. 4.390% 07/01/2028
4,725.35
Interest/Dividends 1/25/2025 1/25/2025 3140HUFK7 Federal National Mortgage Association, Inc. 2.790% 07/01/2029
7,207.50
Interest/Dividends 1/27/2025 1/27/2025 742718FZ7 Procter & Gamble Company, The 3.950% 01/26/2028 39,203.75 Interest/Dividends 1/28/2025 1/28/2025 3135G06R9 FNMA 0.550% 01/28/2026 8,250.00 Interest/Dividends 1/31/2025 1/31/2025 91282CCP4 UST 0.625% 07/31/2026 7,812.50 Interest/Dividends 1/31/2025 1/31/2025 91282CHQ7 UST 4.125% 07/31/2028 51,562.50 Interest/Dividends 1/31/2025 1/31/2025 48128GU99 JPMorgan Chase & Co. 1.250% 07/31/2027 15,625.00 Interest/Dividends 2/3/2025 2/3/2025 56781RJJ7 Marin Community College District 5.000% 08/01/2025 57,000.00 Interest/Dividends 2/3/2025 2/3/2025 03667PHE5 Antelope Valley Community College District 0.866% 08/01/2025
736.10
Interest/Dividends 2/3/2025 2/3/2025 574193TR9 Maryland, State of 0.660% 08/01/2025 9,900.00 Interest/Dividends 2/3/2025 2/3/2025 969268DG3 William S. Hart Union High School District 0.757% 08/01/2025
3,785.00
6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 19 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

TRANSACTION STATEMENT
As of March 31, 2025
57 Transaction Type Payment Date Settlement Date CUSIP Security Description Interest Received Interest/Dividends 2/3/2025 2/3/2025 798186N81 San Jose Unified School District 0.558% 08/01/2025 2,790.00 Interest/Dividends 2/3/2025 2/3/2025 482124SP0 Jurupa Unified School District 1.059% 08/01/2025 2,647.50 Interest/Dividends 2/3/2025 2/3/2025 696735QQ5 Palmdale School District 1.071% 08/01/2026 1,338.75 Interest/Dividends 2/3/2025 2/3/2025 20056XAC2 Commerce, City of 1.212% 08/01/2026 3,181.50 Interest/Dividends 2/3/2025 2/3/2025 206849GN5 Conejo Valley Unified School District 0.974% 08/01/2025 998.35 Interest/Dividends 2/3/2025 2/3/2025 13063DC48 California, State of 1.700% 02/01/2028 7,650.00 Interest/Dividends 2/3/2025 2/3/2025 13063EGT7 California, State of 4.500% 08/01/2029 18,275.00 Interest/Dividends 2/3/2025 2/3/2025 31846V567 First American Funds, Inc. 2,596.39 Interest/Dividends 2/10/2025 2/10/2025 037833EB2 Apple Inc. 0.700% 02/08/2026 17,500.00 Interest/Dividends 2/10/2025 2/10/2025 037833CJ7 Apple Inc. 3.350% 02/09/2027 25,125.00 Interest/Dividends 2/10/2025 2/10/2025 459058JS3 IBRD 0.650% 02/10/2026 6,500.00 Interest/Dividends 2/11/2025 2/11/2025 69371RR99 PACCAR Financial Corp. 3.550% 08/11/2025 35,500.00 Interest/Dividends 2/18/2025 2/18/2025 4581X0EN4 IADB 4.125% 02/15/2029 68,268.75 Interest/Dividends 2/19/2025 2/20/2025 3133EMDZ2 Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation 0.52% 10/21/2025
8,594.44
Interest/Dividends 2/19/2025 2/20/2025 56781RJJ7 Marin Community College District 5.00% 08/01/2025 2,638.89 Interest/Dividends 2/25/2025 2/25/2025 3137FMU67 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 2.862% 05/25/2026
5,741.28
Interest/Dividends 2/25/2025 2/25/2025 3137FKUN4 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 3.591% 10/25/2027
3,719.35
Interest/Dividends 2/25/2025 2/25/2025 3132XFRD2 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 4.200% 07/01/2029
8,860.83
Interest/Dividends 2/25/2025 2/25/2025 3137FQK77 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 2.512% 10/25/2026
4,450.19
6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 20 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

TRANSACTION STATEMENT
As of March 31, 2025
58 Transaction Type Payment Date Settlement Date CUSIP Security Description Interest Received Interest/Dividends 2/25/2025 2/25/2025 3137HFF59 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 4.618% 07/25/2029
11,545.00
Interest/Dividends 2/25/2025 2/25/2025 3140HUFK7 Federal National Mortgage Association, Inc. 2.790% 07/01/2029
7,207.50
Interest/Dividends 2/25/2025 2/25/2025 3140LLEB3 Federal National Mortgage Association, Inc. 4.390% 07/01/2028
4,725.35
Interest/Dividends 2/28/2025 2/28/2025 91282CCW9 UST 0.750% 08/31/2026 9,375.00 Interest/Dividends 2/28/2025 2/28/2025 91282CFH9 UST 3.125% 08/31/2027 35,937.50 Interest/Dividends 2/28/2025 2/28/2025 91282CGP0 UST 4.000% 02/29/2028 44,500.00 Interest/Dividends 2/28/2025 2/28/2025 91282CHX2 UST 4.375% 08/31/2028 44,843.75 Interest/Dividends 2/28/2025 2/28/2025 3133EP4A0 FFCB 4.250% 02/28/2029 21,250.00 Interest/Dividends 3/3/2025 3/3/2025 50420BDE9 La Quinta, City Of 1.168% 09/01/2025 11,680.00 Interest/Dividends 3/3/2025 3/3/2025 802649TJ2 Santa Rosa, City of 0.977% 09/01/2025 7,474.05 Interest/Dividends 3/3/2025 3/3/2025 31846V567 First American Funds, Inc. 2,334.04 Interest/Dividends 3/5/2025 3/5/2025 3135G06R9 Federal National Mortgage Association, Inc. 0.55% 01/28/2026
1,695.83
Interest/Dividends 3/10/2025 3/10/2025 24422EWD7 John Deere Capital Corporation 2.350% 03/08/2027 17,625.00 Interest/Dividends 3/10/2025 3/10/2025 38149MZJ5 Goldman Sachs Bank USA Holdings LLC 1.050% 09/08/2026
1,296.51
Interest/Dividends 3/11/2025 3/11/2025 459058JA2 IBRD 0.750% 03/11/2025 11,812.50 Interest/Dividends 3/10/2025 3/11/2025 31422B6K1 Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation 0.48% 01/15/2026
2,613.33
Interest/Dividends 3/12/2025 3/12/2025 037833DB3 Apple Inc. 2.900% 09/12/2027 14,500.00 Interest/Dividends 3/14/2025 3/14/2025 14913R2Q9 Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation 1.150% 09/14/2026
14,375.00
Interest/Dividends 3/17/2025 3/17/2025 649791RA0 New York, State of 0.910% 03/15/2025 4,550.00 6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 21 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

TRANSACTION STATEMENT
As of March 31, 2025
59 Transaction Type Payment Date Settlement Date CUSIP Security Description Interest Received Interest/Dividends 3/17/2025 3/17/2025 880591EZ1 TVA 3.875% 03/15/2028 40,687.50 Interest/Dividends 3/24/2025 3/24/2025 89236TJZ9 Toyota Motor Credit Corporation 3.050% 03/22/2027 26,687.50 Interest/Dividends 3/24/2025 3/24/2025 45950VPU4 IFC 0.75% 03/23/2026 7,500.00 Interest/Dividends 3/25/2025 3/25/2025 3132XFRD2 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 4.200% 07/01/2029
8,003.33
Interest/Dividends 3/25/2025 3/25/2025 3137HFF59 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 4.618% 07/25/2029
11,545.00
Interest/Dividends 3/25/2025 3/25/2025 3140HUFK7 Federal National Mortgage Association, Inc. 2.790% 07/01/2029
6,510.00
Interest/Dividends 3/25/2025 3/25/2025 3140LLEB3 Federal National Mortgage Association, Inc. 4.390% 07/01/2028
4,268.06
Interest/Dividends 3/25/2025 3/25/2025 3137FKUN4 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 3.591% 10/25/2027
3,559.67
Interest/Dividends 3/25/2025 3/25/2025 3137FMU67 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 2.862% 05/25/2026
5,733.70
Interest/Dividends 3/25/2025 3/25/2025 3137FQK77 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation 2.512% 10/25/2026
4,450.19
Interest/Dividends 3/31/2025 3/31/2025 91282CCZ2 UST 0.875% 09/30/2026 12,906.25 Interest/Dividends 3/31/2025 3/31/2025 91282CFM8 UST 4.125% 09/30/2027 19,593.75 Interest/Dividends 3/31/2025 3/31/2025 91282CFL0 UST 3.875% 09/30/2029 48,437.50 Interest/Dividends 3/31/2025 3/31/2025 91282CJA0 UST 4.625% 09/30/2028 58,390.63 Interest/Dividends 3/31/2025 3/31/2025 91282CKG5 UST 4.125% 03/31/2029 51,562.50 Total 1,171,260.25
6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 22 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

TRANSACTION STATEMENT
As of March 31, 2025
60 Transaction Type Trade Date Settlement Date Transaction Description Amount Custodian Fee
Custodian Fee 1/24/2025 1/24/2025 Cash Out (1,143.54)
Custodian Fee 2/25/2025 2/25/2025 Cash Out (1,145.61)
Custodian Fee 3/25/2025 3/25/2025 Cash Out (1,152.09)
Total (3,441.24)
Management Fee
Management Fee 1/24/2025 1/24/2025 Cash Out (5,500.00)
Management Fee 2/18/2025 2/18/2025 Cash Out (5,500.00)
Management Fee 3/19/2025 3/19/2025 Cash Out (5,500.00)
Total (16,500.00)
6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 23 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

TRANSACTION STATEMENT
As of March 31, 2025
61 Meeder provides monthly statements for its investment management clients to provide information about the investment portfolio. The information should not be used for audit or confirmation purposes. Please review your custodial statements and report any inaccuracies or discrepancies.

Certain information and data has been supplied by unaffiliated third parties. Although Meeder believes the information is reliable, it cannot warrant the accuracy of information offered by third parties. Market value may reflect prices received from pricing vendors when current market quotations are not available. Prices may not reflect firm bids or offers and may differ from the value at which the security can be sold.

Statements may include positions from unmanaged accounts provided for reporting purposes. Unmanaged accounts are managed directly by the client and are not included in the accounts managed by the investment adviser. This information is provided as a client convenience and the investment adviser assumes no responsibility for performance of these accounts or the accuracy of the data reported.

Investing involves risk. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Debt and fixed income securities are subject to credit and interest rate risk. The investment return and principal value of an investment will fluctuate so that an investors shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost. Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance data quoted.

Meeder Investment Management is the global brand for the Meeder group of affiliated companies. Investment advisory services are provided through Meeder Public Funds, Inc. Please contact us if you would like to receive a copy of our current ADV disclosure brochure or privacy policy. 6125 Memorial Drive, Dublin Ohio 43017 | 866-633-3371 | www.meederpublicfunds.com Page 24 of 24 Town of Paradise Operating Account

STATEMENT DISCLOSURE
As of March 31, 2025
62 Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: May 13, 2025
Agenda Item: 2(d)
ORIGINATED BY: Tony Lindsey, CDD Director
Jason Finney, Fire Chief
REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
Scott Huber, Town Attorney
SUBJECT: Approve and adopt a resolution accepting the SB 1205 Mandated Inspection Report.

LONG TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

NA
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. Adopt Resolution No. 2025-__, "A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Acknowledging Receipt of a Report Made by the Fire Chief of the Paradise Fire Department Regarding the Inspection of Certain Occupancies Required to Perform Annual Inspections in such Occupancies Pursuant to Sections 13146.2 and 13146.3 of the California Health and Safety Code."
Background:

In 2018, California enacted Senate Bill 1205 (SB 1205) in response to the tragic Ghost Ship Fire in Oakland in December 2016, which highlighted deficiencies in the state's fire safety laws and the effectiveness of fire inspections. This legislation amended the California Health and Safety Code to require annual inspections and reporting for facilities already under inspection mandates, such as schools (both public and private), and extended these requirements to include hotels, motels, lodging houses, and apartments. Additionally, the law mandates annual reporting on inspection findings, requiring governing bodies to formally accept these reports and adopt a resolution or similar action to document the acceptance of the findings.

Before the enactment of SB 1205, California Health and Safety Code Sections 13146.2 and 13146.3 required fire departments to provide fire protection services and conduct annual inspections in various buildings, including hotels, motels, lodging houses, apartment houses, and public and private schools, however, these sections did not specify requirements for reporting or demonstrating compliance, which SB 1205 addressed by mandating detailed annual reporting and compliance demonstrations.

Adopting this Resolution, the Town of Paradise ensures compliance with California Health and Safety Code Sections 13146.2 and 13146.3, fulfilling the state-mandated inspections outlined above. It's worth noting that while the law doesn't outline specific penalties, adherence to these regulations is crucial for maintaining safety standards.

Analysis:
63 The Paradise Fire Prevention Division is accountable for conducting 43 occupancy inspections within the Town of Paradise. Among these, 11 fall under Group E Occupancies, with the remaining 32 categorized as Group R Occupancies. All inspections are designated priority fire prevention measures and are subject to compulsory annual reporting to the Paradise Town Council. For the fiscal year 2024/2025, the total of 43 inspections excludes numerous re-inspections. Staff members consistently perform re-inspections in response to deficiencies noted during initial inspections. During this reporting period, Fire Prevention personnel completed all 43 priority building inspections, achieving a 100% compliance rate.

By adopting this resolution, the Town of Paradise ensures compliance with California Health and Safety Code Sections 13146.2 and 13146.3, meeting the state-mandated inspections as outlined.

Although the law does not specify penalties for non-compliance, adherence to these regulations is critical for upholding safety standards. Additionally, accepting this compliance report and adopting the recommended resolution satisfies the statutory obligations stipulated in California Health and Safety Code Sections 13146.2, 13146.3, and 13146.4, as amended by SB 1205.

Financial Impact:

No financial impacts are associated with accepting and filing this report.

Attachment:

1. A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise acknowledging receipt of the Fire Chief's annual report.
64 TOWN OF PARADISE
RESOLUTION NO. 2025-__

A RESOLUTION OF THE TOWN COUNCIL OF THE TOWN OF PARADISE, CALIFORNIA,

ACKNOWLEDGING RECEIPT OF A REPORT MADE BY THE FIRE CHIEF OF THE

PARADISE FIRE DEPARTMENT REGARDING THE INSPECTION OF CERTAIN

OCCUPANCIES REQUIRED TO PERFORM ANNUAL INSPECTIONS IN SUCH OCCUPANCIES PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13146.2 AND 13146.3 OF THE CALIFORNIA HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE.

WHEREAS, California Health & Safety Code Section 13146.4 was added in 2018 and became effective on September 27, 2018; and,
WHEREAS, California Health & Safety Code Sections 13146.2 and 13146.3 require all fire departments, including the Paradise Fire Department, that provide fire protection services to perform annual inspections in every building used as a public or private school, hotel, motel, lodging house, apartment house, and certain residential care facilities for compliance with building standards, as provided; and,
WHEREAS, California Health & Safety Code Section 13146.2 requires all fire departments, including the Paradise Fire Department, that provide fire protection services to report annually to its administering authority on its compliance with Sections 13146.2 and 13146.3; and,
WHEREAS, the Council of the Town of Paradise intends this Resolution to fulfill the requirements of the California Health and Safety Code regarding the acknowledgment of the Paradise Fire Department’s compliance with California Health and Safety Code Sections 13146.2 and 13146.3.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Town Council of the Town of Paradise that said Council expressly acknowledges the measure of compliance of the Paradise Fire Department with California Health and Safety Code Sections 13146.2 and 13146.3 in the area encompassed by the Town of Paradise, as follows:

A. EDUCATIONAL GROUP E OCCUPANCIES:

Educational Group E occupancies are generally those of public and private schools used by more than six persons at any one time for educational purposes, from kindergarten through 12th grade. Eleven Group E occupancies, buildings, structures, and facilities are located within the Town of Paradise.

During the 2024/2025 fiscal year, the Paradise Fire Prevention staff completed the annual inspection of 11 Group E occupancies, buildings, structures, and facilities. This represents a 100% compliance rate for this reporting period.

B. RESIDENTIAL GROUP R OCCUPANCIES:

For this Resolution, Residential Group R occupancies generally include sleeping units, such as hotels, motels, and apartments (with three or more units), as well as other residential occupancies, including several residential care facilities. These residential care facilities have several different sub-classifications, and they may contain residents or clients with a range of 65 TOWN OF PARADISE
RESOLUTION NO. 2025-__
needs, including those related to custodial care, mobility impairments, cognitive disabilities, and other conditions. The residents may also be non-ambulatory or bedridden. Within the Town of Paradise, there are 32 Group R (and their associated subcategories) occupancies of this nature.

During the 2024/2025 fiscal year, the Paradise Fire Prevention staff completed the annual inspection of 32 Group R occupancies, buildings, structures, and facilities. This represents a 100% compliance rate for this reporting period.

PASSED AND ADOPTED by the Town Council of the Town of Paradise this 13 th day of
May 2025, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:
______________________
Steve Crowder, Mayor
ATTEST:
____________ ______
Melanie Elvis, Town Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
____________________ __
Scott E. Huber, Town Attorney
66 Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: May 13, 2025
Agenda Item: 2(e)
ORIGINATED BY: Susan Hartman, Community Development Director – Planning & Wastewater
REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Adoption of Town Ordinance No. 646

LONG-TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

Yes – Tier 1 Fuels Management Plan
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. Waive the second reading of the entire Town Ordinance No. 646 and read by title only; and,

2. Adopt Town Ordinance No. 646, “An Ordinance of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise adopting the updated CAL FIRE 2025 Local Responsibility Area Fire Hazard Severity Zone Map for the Town of Paradise”
Background:

On April 8, 2025, the Town Council introduced the above-noted Town ordinance for purposes of eventual adoption. If adopted, the proposed ordinance intends to add Section 15.01.005 of the Paradise Municipal Code to incorporate by reference the updated CAL FIRE 2025 Local Responsibility Area Fire Hazard Severity Zone Map for the Town of Paradise, dated January 22, 2025, identifying the Town as being within a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone.

Analysis:

Town staff recommend that the Town Council waive the second reading of this ordinance, read it by title only, and formally adopt Town Ordinance No. 646 [copy attached] in accordance with the statutory requirements of Government Code Section 51179. Once adopted, the provisions of this ordinance will be effective on June 13, 2025.

Financial Impact:

A nominal cost for publication of the ordinance within the local newspaper and for codification will be borne by the Town of Paradise.

Attachments:
 Ordinance No. 646: “An Ordinance of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise adopting the updated CAL FIRE 2025 Local Response Area Fire Hazard Severity Zone Map for the Town of Paradise”
 Objection letter sent to the State Fire Marshal’s Office regarding the Town’s VHFHSZ classification
67 TOWN OF PARADISE
ORDINANCE NO. 646

AN ORDINANCE OF THE TOWN COUNCIL OF THE TOWN OF PARADISE ADOPTING THE UPDATED CAL FIRE 2025 LOCAL RESPONSIBILITY AREA

FIRE HAZARD SEVERITY ZONE MAP FOR THE TOWN OF PARADISEW SECTION 1. Section 15.01.005 of the Paradise Municipal Code is added to read as follows:

Chapter 15.01.005 – Local Responsibility Area Fire Hazard Severity Zone The Town of Paradise hereby designates the Fire Hazard Severity Zones recommended by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection pursuant to Government Code Section 51178. Approved by the Town, the map is hereby incorporated by reference and entitled “The Town of Paradise Fire Hazard Severity Zones,” dated January 22, 2025, identifying the Town as being within a Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone.

SECTION 2. Pursuant to California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines Section 15061(b)(3)[General Rule Exemption], this ordinance is exempt from CEQA in that the adoption and implementation would not result in a direct and significantly adverse effect upon the environment.

SECTION 3. This ordinance shall take effect thirty (30) days after its passage. Before the expiration of fifteen (15) days after its passage, this ordinance or a summary thereof shall be published in a newspaper of general circulation published and circulated within the Town of Paradise along with the names of the members of the Town Council of Paradise voting for and against same.

PASSED AND ADOPTED BY THE Town Council of the Town of Paradise, County of Butte, State of California, on this 13th day of May 2025, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:
_______________________________
Steve Crowder, Mayor
ATTEST:

__________________________________
Melanie Elvis, Town Clerk/Elections Official
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
_____________________________
Scott E. Huber, Town Attorney
68 69
70 Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: May 13, 2025
Agenda Item: 2(f)
ORIGINATED BY: Jessica Erdahl, Supervising Project Manager REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Skyway/Pentz Intersection Improvement Project CEQA Determination

LONG TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

Yes, Tier 1, Evacuation Routes
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. Concur with staff recommendation to file a CEQA Notice of Exemption for the Skyway/Pentz Intersection Improvement Project.

Background:

The Town of Paradise Long-Term Community Recovery Plan as well as the 2022 Transportation Management Plan identified the Skyway and Pentz Intersection as a Tier 1 safety project for improving evacuation routes. The existing intersection is currently minor-street stop-controlled with no marked crosswalks, curb ramps, or sidewalks.

The Town has secured $199M in Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR) funding to assist with delivering infrastructure projects that address identified unmet 2018 disaster recovery needs and increase the resilience of cities and counties. The Skyway and Pentz Road Intersection Improvement Project has been awarded $5M in CDBG-DR funds. This proposed project will increase the capacity of the Skyway/Pentz intersection, providing for large vehicle turning radius and improving daily operations safety.

The Town of Paradise contracted with Dokken Engineering to perform civil engineering design services on the Skyway/Pentz Road Intersection Improvement Project. Wood Rodgers, a subconsultant to Dokken Engineering, performed a Traffic Operations Analysis and Intersection Control Evaluation to evaluate the operations of the proposed intersection control alternatives and address the Project’s impacts, if any, under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The Intersection Control Evaluation proposed the following two improvement alternatives: traffic signal and roundabout.

At the August 13, 2024 Town Council Meeting, Council directed staff to proceed with the traffic signal alternative. Several factors, including emergency evacuation, daily operations, and driver expectations were considered in the evaluation of the alternatives, and the overall benefits of the signal control outweighed the roundabout or keeping the existing minor-street stop-control. 71 Analysis:

The current phase for this project is environmental review both under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is serving as the lead agency in the preparation of an Environmental Review for an Activity that is Categorically Exempt per 24 CFR

58.34(a)(12) for NEPA compliance.

The CEQA process requires the lead local agency to examine the project proposal and evaluate potential impacts. Staff has evaluated the subject project thoroughly and found that the project is exempt under State CEQA Guidelines Section (c), Existing Facilities which states:

The project is exempt under State CEQA Guidelines [Section 15301(c)], which states:
“Class 1 consists of the operation, repair, maintenance, permitting, leasing, licensing, or minor alteration of existing public or private structures, facilities, mechanical equipment, or topographical features, involving negligible or no expansion of existing or former use. The types of “existing facilities” itemized below are not intended to be all-inclusive of the types of projects which might fall within Class 1. The key consideration is whether the project involves negligible or no expansion of use. Examples include but are not limited to:

Existing highways and streets, sidewalks, gutters, bicycle and pedestrian trails, and similar facilities (this includes road grading for the purpose of public safety), and other alterations such as the addition of bicycle facilities, including but not limited to bicycle parking, bicycle-share facilities and bicycle lanes, transit improvements such as bus lanes, pedestrian crossings, street trees, and other similar alterations that do not create additional automobile lanes.” Based on CEQA Section 15301(c), staff is requesting the Council to concur and approve for filing the Notice of Exemption with the Butte County Recorder’s Office and Office of Planning and Research. If approved, the environmental phase will be complete in June 2025 and design and right-of way efforts may continue towards construction in 2026.

A draft Notice of Exemption is attached to this staff report.

Financial Impact:

There is a recording fee of $50 per project with the Butte County Recorder’s Office to file the Notice of Exemption.

Attachments:

A. Project Map
B. CEQA Notice of Exemption
72 Source: ESRI 2020

B U T T E

T E H A M A

P L U M A S

Y U B A

G L E N N

C O L U S A

S U T T E R

N E V A D A
UV32
UV70
UV99
UV45
UV162
UV191
UV49
UV89
UV32
UV162
UV99
UV70
UV70
UV99
UV45
UV32
UV70 UV162
UV162
Plumas National Forest
Lassen National Forest
LLaakkee OOrroovviillllee SSttaattee RReecc AArreeaa
BBiiddwweellll PPaarrkk
BBiiddwweellll--SSaaccrraammeennttoo RRiivveerr SSPP
BBiiddwweellll MMaannssiioonn SSttaattee HHiissttoorriicc PPaarrkk ATTACHMENT A. REGIONAL LOCATION
Skyway/Pentz Intersection Improvements Project

PACIFIC
OCEAN
Butte
County
CA
NV
AZ
UT
OR ID
^_
Project Location
I 0 5 10 15
Miles
73 Source: ESRI 2020
ATTACHMENT B. PROJECT LOCATION
Skyway/Pentz Intersection Improvements Project
Project Location
I 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000
Feet
Project Location
Town of Paradise Limits
74 1

NOTICE OF EXEMPTION
To: Office of Planning and Research
1400 Tenth Street
Sacramento, CA 95814
County Clerk-Recorder
Butte County
155 Nelson Avenue
Oroville, CA 95965
From: Public Works Department
Town of Paradise Posted:_______ through _______
5555 Skyway (date) (date)
Paradise, CA 95969
Project Title: Skyway/Pentz Intersection Improvements Project Project Location: Town of Paradise, Butte County, CA. See attached project location map.

Assessor’s Parcel Number(s): Town Rights of Way & 066-460-022, 066-460-008, 066-460-024, 066-430-002, 066-430-005, 066-430-007, 066-430-003
Project Description: The Town of Paradise proposes to signalize the existing stop-controlled intersection of Skyway and Pentz Road. On Skyway, eastbound and westbound left-turn pockets would be constructed, and on Pentz Road, northbound and southbound right-turn pockets would be constructed. The approach roadways of Skyway and Pentz Road would also be improved to tie back into the existing roadway. The Class I path along Pentz Road would tie into this intersection, and crosswalks on the west and north side of intersection would be constructed for pedestrian connectivity.

Lead Agency: Town of Paradise
Applicant: Town of Paradise, 5555 Skyway, Paradise, CA 95969 Exemption Status: Ministerial [Section 21080(b); 15268]; Declared Emergency [Section 21080(b)(3); 15269(a)];
Emergency Project [Section 21080(b)(4); 15269(b)(c)];
General Rule [Section 15061(b)(3)];
Categorical Exemption [Section 15301(c), Existing Facilities]; Statutory Exemption [Section 15273(a)(4)].

REASONS WHY THIS PROJECT IS EXEMPT OR DOES NOT REQUIRE FURTHER ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTATION:

The project is exempt under State CEQA Guidelines [Section 15301(c)], which states:
“Class 1 consists of the operation, repair, maintenance, permitting, leasing, licensing, or minor alteration of existing public or private structures, facilities, mechanical equipment, or topographical features, involving negligible or no expansion of existing or former use. The types of “existing facilities” itemized below are not intended to be all-inclusive of the types of projects which might fall within Class 1. The key consideration is whether the project involves negligible or no expansion of use. Examples include but are not limited to:

Existing highways and streets, sidewalks, gutters, bicycle and pedestrian trails, and similar facilities (this includes road grading for the purpose of public safety), and other alterations such as the addition of bicycle facilities, including but not limited to bicycle parking, bicycle-share facilities and bicycle lanes, transit improvements such as bus lanes, pedestrian crossings, street trees, and other similar alterations that do not create additional automobile lanes.” The project will result in no expansion of an existing use. No additional through lanes or capacity will be created by the project; however, turning lanes will be added to the intersection to provide for large vehicle turning radius. The purpose of the project is to signalize the existing stop-controlled intersection of Skyway and Pentz Road and is consistent with the Town of Paradise Long Term Recovery Plan Tier 1 Project Initiatives.

No further environmental review is necessary for this project.

By __________________________________ Date ______________________ Marc Mattox, Public Works Director
Town of Paradise

DATE RECEIVED FOR FILING
75 2

DECLARATION OF FEES DUE
(California Fish and Game Code Section 711.4)
NAME AND ADDRESS OF LEAD AGENCY/APPLICANT:

Town of Paradise
Public Works Department
5555 Skyway
Paradise, CA 95969
(530) 872-6291
Project: Skyway/Pentz Intersection Improvements Project CLASSIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENT:

1. NOTICE OF EXEMPTION/STATEMENT OF EXEMPTION
☒ A. Statutorily or Categorically Exempt
$50.00 (Fifty Dollars) Butte County Clerk's Filing Fee

2. NOTICE OF DETERMINATION - FEE REQUIRED
☐ A. Negative Declaration
$2,968.75 State Filing Fee
$50.00 Butte County Clerk's Filing Fee
☐ B. Mitigated Negative Declaration
$2,968.75 State Filing Fee
$50.00 Butte County Clerk's Filing Fee
☐ C. Environmental Impact Report
$4,123.50 State Filing Fee
$50.00 Butte County Clerk's Filing Fee

3. ☐ OTHER (Specify) General Rule Exemption
$50.00 Butte County Clerk's Filing Fee

THREE COPIES OF THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETED AND SUBMITTED WITH ALL ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTS FILED WITH THE BUTTE COUNTY CLERK'S OFFICE.

ALL APPLICABLE FEES MUST BE PAID AT THE TIME OF FILING ANY ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTS WITH THE BUTTE COUNTY CLERK'S OFFICE.

THE $50.00 HANDLING FEE IS REQUIRED PER FILING IN ADDITION TO THE FILING FEE SPECIFIED IN FISH AND GAME CODE SECTION 711.4(d).

MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO COUNTY OF BUTTE.
76 Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: May 13, 2025
Agenda Item: 2(g)
ORIGINATED BY: Marc Mattox, Director of Public Works
REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: SB 1 Road Maintenance and Rehabilitation Account Project List

LONG TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

No
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. Adopt Resolution No. 2025-_____ , “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise adopting a list of projects for fiscal year 2025/2026 funded by SB1: The Road Repair and Accountability Act of 2017.”
Background:

On April 28, 2017, Governor Brown signed Senate Bill 1 (SB 1), the Road Repair and Accountability Act of 2017, increasing per gallon fuel excise taxes, diesel fuel sales taxes, and vehicle registration fees with inflationary adjustments to tax rates in the future for the purpose of addressing road maintenance, rehabilitation, and roadway safety needs. The State Controller will deposit portions of the new funding into the Road Maintenance & Rehabilitation Account (RMRA), which will be apportioned by formula to eligible cities and counties. Funds are anticipated to apportion to cities and counties beginning January 2018.

SB1 emphasizes the importance of accountability and transparency in the delivery of California’s transportation programs and, therefore, requires cities and counties to provide basic RMRA project reporting to the California Transportation Commission (CTC). Per the program’s requirements, jurisdictions are required to submit a project list to the CTC with locations, schedule, and estimated useful life of the project before they can receive RMRA funds.

Analysis:

The Town is required to submit a proposed project list for the 2025/2026 Fiscal Year to CTC by July 1, 2025 in order to receive RMRA funds. The Town will continue to receive apportionments monthly. The League of California Cities estimates that the Town of Paradise will receive $280,497 of RMRA funds in the 2025/2026 Fiscal Year.

Due to the Camp Fire, the fiscal year 2025/2026 revenues from SB 1 are proposed to be used for funding our Maintenance Division staff that will repair various roads, streets, curbs, gutters, and sidewalks.

The Town will report any use of SB 1 revenues within the 2025/2026 Fiscal Year, as well as update the project in the annual Expenditure Report, that is due to the Commission by December 1st, each year.
77 Financial Impact:

The Town of Paradise anticipates receiving $280,497 of RMRA funds in the 2025/2026 fiscal year.

The funds must be utilized to repair, rehabilitate, or maintain roadways within the Town.

Attachments:

A. Resolution
B. 2025/2026 Projected Revenues
78 1

TOWN OF PARADISE
RESOLUTION NO. 2025-____

A RESOLUTION OF THE TOWN COUNCIL OF THE TOWN

OF PARADISE ADOPTING A LIST OF PROJECTS FOR
FISCAL YEAR 2025/2026 FUNDED BY SB 1: THE ROAD
REPAIR AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 2017
WHEREAS, Senate Bill 1 (SB 1), the Road Repair and Accountability Act of 2017 (Chapter 5, Statutes of 2017) was passed by the Legislature and Signed into law by the Governor in April 2017 in order to address the significant multi-modal transportation funding shortfalls statewide; and
WHEREAS, SB 1 includes accountability and transparency provisions that will ensure the residents of our Town are aware of the projects proposed for funding in our community and which projects have been completed each fiscal year; and WHEREAS, the Town must adopt a list of all projects proposed to receive funding from the Road Maintenance and Rehabilitation Account (RMRA), created by SB 1 by resolution, which must include a description and the location of each proposed project, a proposed schedule for the project’s completion, and the estimated useful life of the improvement; and
WHEREAS, the Town will receive and estimated $280,497 in RMRA funding in Fiscal Year 2025/2026 from SB 1; and
WHEREAS, this is the ninth year in which the Town is receiving SB 1 funding and will enable the Town to continue essential road maintenance. In response to the 2018 Camp Fire, the Town of Paradise continues to rely on limited population-based funding to maintain the same amount of infrastructure as it did pre-fire. The addition of SB1 funds help the Town sustain services such as general maintenance and safety activities which wouldn't otherwise been possible without SB 1; and WHEREAS, the Town has undergone a robust public process to ensure public input into our community’s transportation priorities/the project list; and WHEREAS, the Town used a Pavement Management System to develop the SB 1 project list to ensure revenues are being used on the most high-priority and cost-effective projects that also meet the communities priorities for transportation investment; and
WHEREAS, the funding from SB 1 will help the Town maintain and rehabilitate 100 miles of our publicly owned roadways, which in light of the 2018 Camp Fire are 79 2
in need of additional repairs and improvements; and
WHEREAS, the 2023 California Statewide Local Streets and Roads Needs Assessment found that the Town’s streets and roads are in an at higher risk condition and this revenue will help us increase the overall quality of our road system and over the next decade will bring our streets and roads into a lower risk condition; and WHEREAS, the SB 1 project list and overall investment in our local streets and roads infrastructure with a focus on basic maintenance and safety, investing in complete streets infrastructure, and using cutting-edge technology, materials and practices will have significant positive co-benefits statewide.

NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED by the Town Council of the Town of Paradise, State of California, as follows:

1. The foregoing recitals are true and correct.

2. The following list of proposed projects will be funded in-part or solely with fiscal year 2025/2026 Road Maintenance and Rehabilitation Account revenues:

Town Transportation Related Infrastructure Repair and Rehabilitation Maintenance Division staff that will repair various roads, streets, curbs, gutters and sidewalks within Town of Paradise limits within the timeframe of 07/2025 to 06/2026 for an estimated useful life of 1-2 years.

PASSED AND ADOPTED by the Town Council of the Town of Paradise on this 13 th day of May 2025, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

By:

Steve Crowder, Mayor
ATTEST:

Melanie Elvis, CMC, Town Clerk
80 3
APPROVED AS TO FORM:

Scott e. Huber, Town Attorney
81 ATTACHMENT B
Local Streets and Roads - Projected FY2025-26 Revenues
Based on State Dept of Finance statewide revenue projectionsEstimated January 2025 TOTAL Road Mntnc Sec2103 (5) Sec2105 (3) Sec2106 (3) Sec2107 (3) Sec2107.5 (4) HUTA Rehab Acct

ALAMEDA COUNTY
ALAMEDA 499,062 713,438 278,340 681,108 7,500 2,179,448 2,056,885 4,236,334 ALBANY 134,771 192,663 78,669 183,932 5,000 595,035 555,459 1,150,494 BERKELEY 812,026 1,160,837 449,879 1,108,232 10,000 3,540,974 3,346,764 6,887,738 DUBLIN 473,987 677,592 264,597 646,886 7,500 2,070,562 1,953,539 4,024,100 EMERYVILLE 84,755 121,162 51,255 115,671 3,000 375,842 349,317 725,159 FREMONT 1,464,810 2,094,030 807,676 1,999,136 10,000 6,375,652 6,037,216 12,412,867 HAYWARD 1,044,181 1,492,717 577,125 1,425,072 10,000 4,549,096 4,303,594 8,852,689 LIVERMORE 558,685 798,672 311,020 762,479 7,500 2,438,355 2,302,619 4,740,974 NEWARK 302,065 431,819 170,365 412,251 6,000 1,322,500 1,244,962 2,567,462 OAKLAND 2,757,348 3,941,787 1,516,127 3,763,159 10,000 11,988,421 11,364,411 23,352,832 PIEDMONT 71,730 102,542 44,116 97,896 3,000 319,284 295,636 614,920 PLEASANTON 508,019 726,242 283,250 693,332 7,500 2,218,342 2,093,800 4,312,143 SAN LEANDRO 578,807 827,438 322,049 789,941 7,500 2,525,735 2,385,553 4,911,289 UNION CITY 446,194 637,860 249,363 608,954 7,500 1,949,871 1,838,989 3,788,860

ALPINE COUNTY

AMADOR COUNTY
AMADOR 1,273 1,820 5,719 1,738 1,000 11,550 5,247 16,797 IONE 56,376 80,592 45,483 76,940 2,000 261,392 232,353 493,745 JACKSON 32,027 45,784 27,912 43,709 2,000 151,431 131,997 283,428 PLYMOUTH 6,792 9,710 9,702 9,270 1,000 36,474 27,995 64,469 SUTTER CREEK 16,831 24,061 16,946 22,971 1,000 81,810 69,370 151,180

BUTTE COUNTY
BIGGS 12,496 17,864 12,285 17,054 1,000 60,700 51,503 112,202 CHICO 697,625 997,295 422,674 952,102 10,000 3,079,697 2,875,263 5,954,960 GRIDLEY 46,636 66,669 32,735 63,648 2,000 211,688 192,211 403,898 OROVILLE 127,374 182,088 81,096 173,837 4,000 568,396 524,972 1,093,367 PARADISE 68,057 97,292 45,566 98,668 2,000 311,583 280,497 592,080

CALAVERAS COUNTY
ANGELS CAMP 23,248 33,234 29,747 31,728 1,000 118,957 95,817 214,774

COLUSA COUNTY
COLUSA 41,041 58,670 21,339 56,011 2,000 179,060 169,149 348,209 WILLIAMS 35,292 50,452 19,022 48,166 2,000 154,933 145,457 300,389 TOTAL Highway Users Tax Acct (HUTA)(1) Streets & Highways Code 15 January 2025 CaliforniaCityFinance.com Page 1 of 16 82

Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: May 13, 2025
Agenda Item: 2(h)
ORIGINATED BY: Colin Nelson, Capital Projects Manager
REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Anti-Discrimination Policy

LONG TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

Yes, Tier 1, Federal Grant Funding
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. Adopt Resolution No. 2025-___ “A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Adopting a Policy on Nondiscrimination in Programs Receiving Federal Assistance.”
Background:

Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 5 requires the Town of Paradise to adopt a policy of nondiscrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex, or disability; and Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 7, requires the Town of Paradise to adopt a policy of non-discrimination in programs receiving federal assistance from the EPA and other Federal Funding Agencies
The purpose of this policy is to acknowledge and comply with the requirements of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations and to outline a procedure for receiving complaints, and procedures in order to assure the prompt and fair resolution of complaints that allege a violation by the Town of 40 CFR Parts 5 and 7.

In order to move forward with receiving grant funds from the EPA and other Federal Funding Agencies the Town of Paradise must provide documentation that we have policies in place that address Tittle 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 5 and Part 7.

Analysis:

In order to comply with Tittle 40 CFR Part 5 and Part7 the Town of Paradise must:

1. Adopt a written policy on Non-discrimination in Programs Receiving Federal Assistance.

2. Develop processes for receiving complaints in person and via public website

3. Designate a town representative to be the Non-Compliance Coordinator (NCC) to review and respond to alleged grievances.

4. Provide continuing and prominent public notice of non-discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex, sexual orientation, or disability Town staff has completed all of the above-listed requirements and will be able to achieve compliance with 40 CFR Part 5 and Part 7 by adopting the Policy on Nondiscrimination in Programs Receiving Federal Assistance.
83 Financial Impact:

Minor costs will be incurred for website updates and staff training.

Adoption of, and compliance with the Policy on Nondiscrimination in Programs Receiving Federal Assistance will allow the Town to remain eligible for Federal-aid funds.

Attachments:

1. Resolution – Policy on Nondiscrimination in Programs Receiving Federal Assistance 84 1

TOWN OF PARADISE
RESOLUTION NO. 2025-___

A RESOLUTION OF THE TOWN COUNCIL OF THE TOWN OF PARADISE

ADOPTING A POLICY ON NONDISCRIMINATION IN PROGRAMS RECEIVING

FEDERAL ASSISTANCE
WHEREAS, the Town of Paradise and its residents sustained catastrophic damages as a result of the Camp Fire; and,
WHEREAS, the Town of Paradise has received several tranches of federal assistance and grants from various federal agencies, including but not limited to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (“FEMA”), the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”) Public Assistance funds, Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), and others; and,
WHEREAS, Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 5, requires the Town of Paradise to adopt a policy of nondiscrimination on the basis of sex; and WHEREAS, Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 7, requires the Town of Paradise to adopt a policy of nondiscrimination in programs receiving federal assistance from the EPA; and
WHEREAS, prior to the adoption of this Resolution, the Town of Paradise did not have policies of nondiscrimination applicable to these federal funding sources; and WHEREAS, the Town of Paradise desires to adopt these policies for all programs receiving federal assistance.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Town Council of the Town of Paradise as follows:

Section 1. The above recitals are true and correct and are incorporated as if fully set forth herein.

Section 2. The Town of Paradise hereby adopts and approves of the following policy, which is attached as Exhibit A to this Resolution, to apply to all programs receiving federal assistance.
85 2
PASSED AND ADOPTED by the Town Council of the Town of Paradise on this 13th day of May 2025, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:

By:

Steven Crowder, Mayor
ATTEST:

Melanie Elvis, Town Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM:

Scott E. Huber, Town Attorney
86 TOWN OF PARADISE, CALIFORNIA
Policy: Policy on Nondiscrimination in Programs Receiving Federal Assistance Effective Date: May 15, 2025
Policy Summary: Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 5 and 7, Nondiscrimination in Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Assistance, prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex, or disability in programs or activities receiving federal assistance.

Purpose
The purpose of this policy is to collect, maintain, and provide information showing compliance with Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (“CFR”), Parts 5 and 7; to designate a person to be the Nondiscrimination Compliance Coordinator (“NCC”) to coordinate efforts to comply with 40 CFR, Parts 5 an 7; to adopt grievance procedures that assures the prompt and fair resolution of discrimination complaints alleging violations of 40 CFR, Parts 5 and 7; and to provide continuing and prominent public notice of nondiscrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex,sexual orientation, or disability, and of the identity and contact information for the NCC.

As set forth below, it is the Town of Paradise’s policy not to discriminate on the basis of several factors, including those covered by 40 CFR Parts 5 and 7. In addition, the Town of Paradise adopts the following procedures to implement the requirements of 40 CFR Parts 5 and 7.

Requirements
The Town shall collect, maintain, and on request of the U.S. EPA, Office of Civil Rights (OCR), provide the following information to show compliance with 40 CFR Part 7:
a. A brief description of any lawsuits pending against the Town that allege discrimination which 40 CFR Parts 5 and 7 prohibit;
b. A log of discrimination complaints that identifies the complaint, the date it was filed, the date the Town’s investigation was completed, the disposition, and the date of disposition;
c. Reports of any similar compliance reviews conducted by any other agencies; 87 d. Additional data and information specific to certain Town programs or activities to determine compliance where there is reason to believe that discrimination may exist in a program or activity or to investigate a complaint alleging discrimination in a Town program or activity;
When preparing compliance information, the Town shall use the racial classifications set forth in 40 CFR, Section 7.25, in determining categories of race, color, or national origin; The Town shall keep records of the compliance information identified in paragraphs above, for at least three years after completing a project for which the Town was a recipient of federal assistance. When any complaint or other action for alleged failure by the Town to comply with 40 CFR Parts 5 and 7, is brought before the three-year period ends, the Town shall keep records until the complaint is resolved; and the Town shall:
• Give OCR access during normal business hours to its books, records, accounts, and other sources of information, including its facilities, as may be pertinent to ascertain compliance with 40 CFR Part 7; • Prominently display a Notice of Nondiscrimination and present this policy on the official Town of Paradise website; and
• Make compliance information available to the public upon request; and • Assist in obtaining other required information that is in the possession of other state agencies, institutions, or persons not under the Town’s control. If such party refuses to release that information, the Town shall inform the OCR and explain its efforts to obtain the information.

General Policy
The Town of Paradise adopts the following grievance procedures in order to assure the prompt and fair resolution of complaints that allege a violation by the Town of 40 CFR Parts 5 and 7:

1. In order to have a complaint submittal considered for investigation under this procedure, the complainant shall file the complaint no later than 180 calendar days after the date(s) of the alleged act(s) of discrimination. The Town may be willing to, but is not required to, waive the 180-calendar day requirement if the complainant shows good cause and/or under severe circumstances.

The complaintshall be in writing and signed by the complainant or the complainant’s representative and shall include contact information for the complainant or their representative.

The complaintshallspecify with as much detail as possible:
a. The actions or inactions by the Town that support an alleged violation of 40 CFR Part 5 and/or Part 7;
b. The alleged discrimination that did or will result from such actions or inactions;
88 c. The identity of the person(s) harmed or potentially harmed by the alleged discrimination; and
d. The identity of any witnesses to the alleged action; an e. The section of 40 CFR Part 5 and/or Part 7, that the Town allegedly violated.

The Town may request additional information from the complainant if needed to assist with meeting the complaint requirements listed above. The Town is committed to taking reasonable steps to provide meaningful access to its grievance process for individuals with limited English proficiency and provide individuals with disabilities the right to request reasonable modifications or auxiliary aids or services needed to obtain equal access to and enable participation in the Town’s grievance process. Auxiliary aids and services may include qualified interpreters to individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing and must be provided in a timely manner and in such a way as to protect the privacy and independence of the individual. Also, complaints in alternate formats shall be accepted from individuals with disabilities, for example, complaints filed on audio tape or in Braille.

All complaint submittals should be mailed (or e-mailed) to the NCC at the following address:

Marc Mattox
Town of Paradise
5555 Skyway
Paradise, CA 95969
E-mail: [email protected]

2. All complaintsubmittals are to be logged. The NCC shall retain a copy of all documents on file in accordance with the records retention schedule. The NCC shall also notify the relevant program manager(s).

The following are examples of what will not be logged as a complaintsubmittal:
a. Anonymous submittals;
b. Submittals too vague to reasonably determine the allegations of discriminatory conduct;
c. Submittals notsufficiently identifying the person(s) harmed or potentially harmed by the alleged discrimination;
d. Inquiries seeking advice or information;
e. Courtesy copies of court pleadings;
f. Courtesy copies of complaints addressed to other local, state, or federal agencies; g. Newspaper articles;
h. Web-based media sources such as YouTube videos, e-mail strings, blogposts, comments strings, or Web pages;
i. Courtesy copies of internal grievances; and
j. Voice mail messages, phone calls, or in-person conversations.

3. Upon receipt of a sufficient complaint and any additional information supporting or otherwise associated with that complaint, a case file shall be established containing all documents and information pertaining to the complaint and an initial review of the case shall be conducted. 89 4. The NCC, based on information in the complaint submittal and other information available, shall determine if:
a. The Town hasjurisdiction to pursue the matter; and
b. The complaint submittal contains sufficient merit to warrant further investigation.

A complaint shall warrant further investigation unless:
a. It appears on itsface to be frivolous or trivial;
b. The Town reaches an agreed resolution in writing with the complainant; c. Within the time allotted for making the determination of jurisdiction and investigative merit, the complainant withdraws the complaint; or
d. The complaint was not submitted within the time limit established in Step 1.

Within 30 calendar days of receipt of the complaint submittal, the NCC shall inform the complainant if the complaint has or has not been accepted for further investigation. If it is determined that further investigation is not warranted, the reason for such determination shall be recorded in the case file.

5. If the NCC determines the complaint submittal warrants further investigation, the NCC shall review the alleged facts to determine the course of the investigation. The investigation may include interviews of employees, other relevant witnesses, or others named in the complaint. Relevant employeesshall make themselves available as necessary.

6. The NCC shall issue a report and determination on whether a violation of 40 CFR Parts 5 and/or 7 occurred. The NCC shall prepare a written report of the investigation that shall include a narrative of the incident, an identification of individuals interviewed and evidence reviewed, and findings and a determination. The report and determination shall be placed in the complaint file.

Within 180 calendar days of receiving and conducting an investigation into the complaint that warranted investigation, the NCC shall notify the complainant in writing of the findings of the investigation and the recommendations for resolution.

7. The person submitting the complaint may appeal the decision of the NCC by writing to the Town Manager within 30 calendar days of receiving the NCC's decision. The Town Manager shall issue a written decision in response to the appeal no later than 30 calendar days after its filing.

Interpretation:

The Town Council of the Town of Paradise, California designates the Public Works Director/Town Engineer asthe Town NCC responsible to coordinate the Town’s effortsto comply with its obligations under 40 CFR Parts 5 and 7.

Review & Questions:

Questions on the application of this policy should be addressed to the Public Works Director/Town Engineer.
90 Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: May 13, 2025
Agenda Item: 5(a)
ORIGINATED BY: Eric Reinbold, Chief of Police
Scott Huber, Town Attorney
REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Adoption of Ord. No. 645 –Renewal of the Military Equipment Use Ordinance

LONG TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

No
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. After a public hearing to solicit public input related to the use of “military equipment” by the Paradise Police Department as defined by the Paradise Municipal Code; consider waiving the second reading of the entire Town of Paradise Ordinance No. 645 and read by title only; and

2. Adopt Town of Paradise Ordinance No. 645 “An Ordinance Adding Section 9.70 to the Paradise Municipal Code Relating to Miliary Equipment Use” as part of the military equipment use ordinance annual renewal requirements; and,

3. Approve the updated Military Equipment policy for Paradise Police Department and,

4. Accept the 2024 Military Equipment Use Annual Report. (ROLL CALL VOTE) Background:

In 2022, the Town of Paradise adopted an ordinance and policy which allowed the Paradise Police Department (PPD) to use “military equipment” as defined in Government Code sections 7070 through 7075. These sections of the Government Code also require a public agency that utilizes “military equipment” to provide an annual report on the ownership and use of such equipment. In addition, the Council will consider the approval of the updated Military Equipment policy. The Town Council must review the ordinance at least annually and vote on whether to renew the ordinance at a regular meeting.

Analysis:

Items deemed to be “military equipment” by Government Code sections 7070 through 7075 are used as a component of overall best practices for Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) throughout the country. These tools have been tested in the field and are used by LEAs to enhance citizen safety and officer safety. Loss of these items would jeopardize the welfare of citizens and peace officers within the Town of Paradise Police Department.

The term “military equipment” in fact does not necessarily indicate equipment that has been used by the military. Pursuant to Government Code sections 7070 through 7075, items deemed to be “military equipment” include, but are not limited to, unmanned aerial or ground vehicles, armored vehicles, command and control vehicles, pepper balls, less lethal shotguns, less lethal 40mm projectile launchers, long range acoustic devices, and flashbangs. 91 PPD is committed to using the most up to date tools and equipment to safeguard the citizens of the Town of Paradise. Some of the items deemed to be “military equipment” by Government Code sections 7070 through 7075 are utilized by PPD, and LEAs across the country, in order to specifically reduce risk to community members. These items provide peace officers with the ability to safely resolve volatile situations which otherwise might rise to the level of a lethal force encounter. The items listed in the Military Equipment Use Policy, also provide PPD’s peace officers with vital tools that facilitate compliance with its stringent use of force policy.

An annual report is required pursuant to Government Code sections 7070 through 7075. The report is required to include the following items:

1. A summary of how the Military Equipment was used and the purpose of its use.

2. A summary of any complaints or concerns received concerning the Military Equipment.

3. The results of any internal audits, any information about violations of the Military Equipment Use Policy, and any actions taken in response.

4. The total annual cost for each type of Military Equipment, including acquisition, personnel, training, transportation, maintenance, storage, upgrade, and other ongoing costs, and from what source funds will be provided for the Military Equipment in the calendar year following submission of the annual Military Equipment Report.

5. The quantity possessed for each type of Military Equipment.

6. If the law enforcement agency intends to acquire additional Military Equipment in the next year, the quantity sought for each type of Military Equipment.

The “military equipment” use report has been posted to the Town website at Townofparadise.com and will be brought before Council at the May 13, 2025, Regular Town Council meeting to consider approval of modifications to the Military Equipment Policy. A copy of the Annual Report and Military Equipment Policy is attached.

Financial Impact:

None at this time. Requests for acquisitions of new equipment will come to Council separately.

Attachments:

1. Ordinance No. 645, “An Ordinance of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Adding Section 9.70 to the Paradise Municipal Code Relating to Military Equipment Use”

2. Proposed Military Equipment Use Policy

3. Annual Report on Military Equipment Use
92 TOWN OF PARADISE
ORDINANCE NO. 645
AN ORDINANCE ADDING SECTION 9.70 TO THE PARADISE MUNCIPAL CODE

RELATING TO MILITARY EQUIPMENT USE
SECTION 1. Findings. The Town Council of the Town of Paradise finds:

A. On September 30, 2021, the Governor of the State of California signed into law Assembly Bill 481, relating to the use of military equipment by law enforcement agencies.

B. Assembly Bill 481, codified at California Government Code sections 7070 through 7075, requires law enforcement agencies to obtain approval of the applicable governing body, by an ordinance adopting a “military equipment” use policy, at a regular meeting held pursuant to open meeting laws, prior to taking certain actions relating to the funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment. The term “military equipment” is defined in California Government Code section 7070.

C. Assembly Bill 481 allows the governing body of a Town to approve the funding, acquisition, or use of military equipment within its jurisdiction only if it makes specified determinations.

D. The proposed military equipment use policy enacted by this Ordinance will be maintained by the Paradise Police Department.

E. The proposed military equipment use policy enacted by this Ordinance will be published prior to enactment, and will be reviewed annually by the Town Council.

F. The proposed military equipment use policy enacted by this Ordinance meets the requirements of California Government Code section 7070, subdivision (d).

SECTION 2. Chapter 9.70 of the Paradise Municipal Code is added to read as follows:

Chapter 9.70
“MILITARY EQUIPMENT” USE ORDINANCE
Sections:

9.70.010 Name of Ordinance

9.70.020 Definitions

9.70.030 Military Equipment Use Policy Requirement

9.70.040 Use In Exigent Circumstances

9.70.050 Reports on the Use of Controlled Equipment

9.70.060 Enforcement

9.70.070 Whistleblower Protections

9.70.080 Severability

9.70.010 Name of Ordinance
A. This Ordinance shall be known as the Military Equipment Use Ordinance.

9.70.020 Definitions
93 A. “Military Equipment” includes all of the following (pursuant to California Government Code §7070):

1. Unmanned, remotely piloted, powered aerial or ground vehicles.

2. Mine-resistant ambush-protected (MRAP) vehicles or armored personnel carriers.

However, police versions of standard consumer vehicles are specifically excluded from this subdivision.

3. High mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicles (HMMWV), commonly referred to as Humvees, two and one-half-ton trucks, five-ton trucks, or wheeled vehicles that have a breaching or entry apparatus attached. However, unarmored all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and motorized dirt bikes are specifically excluded from this subdivision.

4. Tracked armored vehicles that provide ballistic protection to their occupants and utilize a tracked system instead of wheels for forward motion.

5. Command and control vehicles that are either built or modified to facilitate the operational control and direction of public safety units.

6. Weaponized aircraft, vessels, or vehicles of any kind.

7. Battering rams, slugs, and breaching apparatuses that are explosive in nature.

However, items designed to remove a lock, such as bolt cutters, or a handheld ram designed to be operated by one person, are specifically excluded from this subdivision.

8. Firearms of .50 caliber or greater. However, standard issue shotguns are specifically excluded from this subdivision.

9. Ammunition of .50 caliber or greater. However, standard issue shotgun ammunition is specifically excluded from this subdivision.

10. Specialized firearms and ammunition of less than .50 caliber, including assault weapons as defined in Sections 30510 and 30515 of the Penal Code, with the exception of standard issue service weapons and ammunition of less than .50 caliber that are issued to officers, agents, or employees of a law enforcement agency or a state agency.

11. Any firearm or firearm accessory that is designed to launch explosive projectiles.

12. "Flashbang" grenades and explosive breaching tools, "tear gas," and "pepper balls," excluding standard, service-issued handheld pepper spray.

13. Taser Shockwave, microwave weapons, water cannons, and the Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD).

14. The following projectile launch platforms and their associated munitions: 40mm projectile launchers, "bean bag," rubber bullet, and specialty impact munition (SIM) weapons.

15. Any other equipment as determined by a governing body or a state agency to require additional oversight.
94 16. Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) through (15), "Military Equipment" does not include general equipment not designated as prohibited or controlled by the federal Defense Logistics Agency.

B. "Town" means any department, agency, bureau, and/or subordinate division of the Town of Paradise.

C. “Police Department” means any division, section, bureau, employee, volunteer and/or contractor of the Town of Paradise Police Department.

D. “Town Council” means the governing body that is the Town of Paradise Town Council.

E. “Military Equipment Use Policy” means a publicly released, written document that includes, at a minimum, all of the following:

1. A description of each type of Military Equipment, the quantity sought, its capabilities, expected lifespan, and product descriptions from the manufacturer of the Military Equipment.

2. The purposes and authorized uses for which the law enforcement agency or the state agency proposes to use each type of Military Equipment.

3. The fiscal impact of each type of Military Equipment, including the initial costs of obtaining the equipment and estimated annual costs of maintaining the equipment.

4. The legal and procedural rules that govern each authorized use.

5. The training, including any course required by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training, that must be completed before any officer, agent, or employee of the law enforcement agency or the state agency is allowed to use each specific type of Military Equipment to ensure the full protection of the public's welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties and full adherence to the Military Equipment use policy.

6. The mechanisms to ensure compliance with the Military Equipment use policy, including which independent persons or entities have oversight authority, and, if applicable, what legally enforceable sanctions are put in place for violations of the policy.

7. For a law enforcement agency, the procedures by which members of the public may register complaints or concerns or submit questions about the use of each specific type of Military Equipment, and how the law enforcement agency will ensure that each complaint, concern, or question receives a response in a timely manner.

F. "Exigent Circumstances" means a law enforcement agency's good faith belief that an emergency involving the danger of, or imminent threat of death or serious physical injury 95 to any person is occurring, has occurred, is about to occur, or may reasonably occur in the near future.

G. "State agency" means the law enforcement division of every state office, officer, department, division, bureau, board, and commission or other state body or agency, except those agencies provided for in Article IV (except Section 20 thereof) or Article VI of the California Constitution.

H. "Type" means each item that shares the same manufacturer model number.

9.70.030 Military Equipment Use Policy Requirement
A. The Paradise Police Department shall obtain approval of the Town Council, by an ordinance adopting a Military Equipment Use Policy (MEUP) at a regular meeting of the Town Council held pursuant to the Bagley-Keene Open Meeting Act (Article 9 (commencing with Section 11120) of Chapter 1 of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2) or the Ralph M. Brown Act (Chapter 9 (commencing with Section 54950) of Part 1 of Division 2 of Title 5), as applicable, related to the use of the following:

1. Requesting Military Equipment made available pursuant to Section 2576a of Title 10 of the United States Code.

2. Seeking funds for Military Equipment, including, but not limited to, applying for a grant, soliciting or accepting private, local, state, or federal funds, in-kind donations, or other donations or transfers.

3. Acquiring Military Equipment either permanently or temporarily, including by borrowing or leasing.

4. Collaborating with another law enforcement agency in the deployment or other use of Military Equipment within the territorial jurisdiction of the Town of Paradise.

5. Using any new or existing Military Equipment for a purpose, in a manner, or by a person not previously approved by the governing body pursuant to this chapter.

6. Soliciting or responding to a proposal for, or entering into an agreement with, any other person or entity to seek funds for, apply to receive, acquire, use, or collaborate in the use of, Military Equipment.

7. Acquiring Military Equipment through any means not provided by this section.

B. No later than May 1, 2022, if seeking to continue the use of any Military Equipment that was acquired prior to January 1, 2022, the Paradise Police Department shall commence a Town Council approval process in accordance with this section. If the Town Council does not approve the continuing use of Military Equipment, including by adoption pursuant to a Military Equipment Use Policy submitted pursuant to this code, within 180 days of submission of the proposed Military Equipment Use Policy to Town Council, the Paradise 96 Police Department shall cease its use of the Military Equipment until it receives the approval of Town Council in accordance with this code.

C. In seeking the approval of Town Council, the Paradise Police Department shall submit a proposed Military Equipment Use Policy to Town Council and make those documents available on the Police Department’s internet website at least 30 days prior to any public hearing concerning the Military Equipment at issue.

D. The governing body shall consider a proposed Military Equipment Use policy as an agenda item for an open session of a regular meeting and provide for public comment in accordance with the Bagley-Keene Open Meeting Act (Article 9 (commencing with Section 11120) of Chapter 1 of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2) or the Ralph M. Brown Act (Chapter 9 (commencing with Section 54950) of Part 1 of Division 2 of Title 5), as applicable.

E. The governing body shall only approve a Military Equipment Use Policy pursuant to this chapter if it determines all of the following:

1. The Military Equipment is necessary because there is no reasonable alternative that can achieve the same objective of officer and civilian safety.

2. The proposed Military Equipment use policy will safeguard the public's welfare, safety, civil rights, and civil liberties.

3. If purchasing the equipment, the equipment is reasonably cost effective compared to available alternatives that can achieve the same objective of officer and civilian safety.

4. Prior Military Equipment use complied with the Military Equipment Use Policy that was in effect at the time, or if prior uses did not comply with the accompanying Military Equipment Use Policy, corrective action has been taken to remedy nonconforming uses and ensure future compliance.

F. In order to facilitate public participation, any proposed or final Military Equipment Use Policy shall be made publicly available on the internet website of the Police Department for as long as the Military Equipment is available for use.

G. The Town Council shall review any ordinance that it has adopted pursuant to this Chapter approving the funding, acquisition, or use of Military Equipment at least annually and vote on whether to renew the ordinance at a regular meeting held pursuant to the BagleyKeene Open Meeting Act (Article 9 (commencing with Section 11120) of Chapter 1 of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2) or the Ralph M. Brown Act (Chapter 9 (commencing with Section 54950) of Part 1 of Division 2 of Title 5), as applicable.

9.70.040 Use in Exigent Circumstances
97 A. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Chapter, the Police Department may acquire, borrow and/or use Military Equipment in Exigent Circumstances without following the requirements of this code. Exigent Circumstances shall be determined by the Paradise Chief of Police is his or her absolute and sole discretion.

B. If the Police Department acquires, borrows, and/or uses Military Equipment in Exigent Circumstances, in accordance with this section, it must take all of the following actions:

1. Provide written notice of that acquisition or use to the Town Council within 30 days following the commencement of such Exigent Circumstance, unless such information is confidential or privileged under local, state or federal law.

2. If it is anticipated that the use will continue beyond the Exigent Circumstance, submit a proposed amended Military Equipment Use Policy to the Town Council within 90 days following the borrowing, acquisition and/or use, and receive approval, as applicable, from the Town Council.

3. Include the Military Equipment in the Police Department’s next annual Military Equipment Report.

9.70.050 Reports on the Use of Military Equipment.

A. The Police Department shall submit to Town Council an annual Military Equipment Report for each type of Military Equipment approved by the Town Council within one year of approval, and annually thereafter for as long as the Military Equipment is available for use.

B. The Police Department shall also make each annual Military Equipment Report required by this section publicly available on its internet website for as long as the Military Equipment is available for use.

C. The annual Military Equipment Report shall, at a minimum, include the following information for the immediately preceding calendar year for each type of Military Equipment:

1. A summary of how the Military Equipment was used and the purpose of its use.

2. A summary of any complaints or concerns received concerning the Military Equipment.

3. The results of any internal audits, any information about violations of the Military Equipment Use Policy, and any actions taken in response.

4. The total annual cost for each type of Military Equipment, including acquisition, personnel, training, transportation, maintenance, storage, upgrade, and other ongoing costs, and from what source funds will be provided for the Military 98 Equipment in the calendar year following submission of the annual Military Equipment Report.

5. The quantity possessed for each type of Military Equipment.

6. If the law enforcement agency intends to acquire additional Military Equipment in the next year, the quantity sought for each type of Military Equipment.

D. Within 30 days of submitting and publicly releasing an annual Military Equipment Report pursuant to this section, the Police Department shall hold at least one well-publicized and conveniently located community engagement meeting, at which the general public may discuss and ask questions regarding the annual Military Equipment report and the law enforcement agency's funding, acquisition, or use of Military Equipment.

E. The Town Council shall determine, based on the annual Military Equipment Report submitted pursuant to this section, whether each type of Military Equipment identified in that report has complied with the standards for approval set forth in this code and the Military Equipment Use Policy. If the Town Council determines that a type of Military Equipment identified in that annual Military Equipment Report has not complied with the standards for approval, the Town Council shall either disapprove a renewal of the authorization for that type of Military Equipment or require modifications to the Military Equipment Use Policy in a manner that will resolve the lack of compliance.

9.70.060 Enforcement.

A. Remedies for Violations of this Ordinance

1. This Chapter does not provide a private right of action upon any person or entity to seek injunctive relief against the Town or any employee unless that person or entity has first provided written notice to the Town Manager by serving the Town Clerk, regarding the specific alleged violations of this Chapter.

2. If a specific alleged violation is not remedied within 90 days of that written notice, a person or entity may seek injunctive relief in a court of competent jurisdiction.

3. If the alleged violation is substantiated and subsequently cured, a notice shall be posted in a conspicuous manner on the Town’s website that describes, to the extent permissible by law, the corrective measures taken to address the violation.

4. If it is shown that the violation is the result of arbitrary or capricious action by the Town or an employee or agent thereof in his or her official capacity, the prevailing complainant in an action for relief may collect from the Town reasonable attorney’s fees in an amount not to exceed $5,000 if they are personally obligated to pay such fees.

9.70.070 Whistleblower Protections.

All provisions of Paradise’s Protection of Whistleblowers Workplace Policy, and including any updates or replacements thereto, shall apply.
99 9.70.080 Severability
A. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, or word of this Chapter, or any application thereof to any person or circumstance, is held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a decision of a court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions or applications of this Chapter.

B. The Town Council hereby declares that it would have passed this Chapter and each and every section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, and word not declared invalid or unconstitutional without regard to whether any other portion of this Chapter or application thereof would be subsequently declared invalid or unconstitutional.

SECTION 3. This ordinance shall take effect thirty (30) days after the date of its passage. Before the expiration of fifteen (15) days after its passage, this ordinance or a summary thereof shall be published in a newspaper of general circulation published and circulated within the Town of Paradise along with the names of the members of the Town Council of Paradise voting for and against same.

PASSED AND ADOPTED BY THE Town Council of the Town of Paradise, County of Butte, State of California, on this 13th day of May 2025, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:
_______________________________
Steve Crowder, Mayor
ATTEST:

__________________________________
Melanie Elvis, Town Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
___________________________________
Scott E. Huber, Town Attorney
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113

Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: May 13, 2025
Agenda Item: 6(a)
ORIGINATED BY: Melanie Elvis, Town Clerk/Elections Official REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Town Council Appointment to fill one vacancy on the Paradise Planning Commission

LONG TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

No
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. Consider concurring with the recommendation of the Planning Commission interview panel to appoint Kate Anderson to the Planning Commission for a full four-year term to commence on June 30, 2025; and,

2. Appoint Shawn Shingler to fill the existing vacancy on the Planning Commission created by the resignation of Planning Commissioner Costa to serve the remainder of the term set to expire June 30, 2027, effective May 21, 2025.

3. Consider an alternative direction.

Background:

On March 11, 2025, the Town Council approved the Notice of Vacancy and application and authorized staff to advertise the forthcoming vacancies on the Planning Commission. Advertising for the position included posting on the Town’s website, Facebook page, in the Recovery Update and a published public notice. Council Members Culleton and Lassonde were appointed to serve on the interview committee and staff was directed to provide suggested questions and a scoring matrix for the candidates.

Three applications were received and interviews were conducted on April 23, 2025 with the following applicants:
 Kate Anderson
 Shawn Shingler
 James Little
Analysis:

The interview committee unanimously recommends the appointment of Kate Anderson to serve a full four-year term to commence on June 30, 2025 and Shawn Shingler to serve the remainder of Commissioner Costa’s term to expire on June 30, 2027, effective May 21, 2025.

Financial Impact:

None
114
115
116
117
118

Town of Paradise
Council Agenda Summary
Date: May 13, 2025
Agenda Item: 6(b)
ORIGINATED BY: Jason Finney, Fire Chief
REVIEWED BY: Jim Goodwin, Town Manager
SUBJECT: Adopt a Resolution Approving the 2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP)

LONG TERM
RECOVERY PLAN:

Yes
COUNCIL ACTION REQUESTED:

1. Adopt Resolution No. 2025-__, "A Resolution of the Town Council of the Town of Paradise Approving and Authorizing Execution of the 2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan”. (ROLL CALL VOTE)
Background:

The 2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) serves as an update to the 2021– 2025 CWPP, emphasizing strategies to mitigate wildfire risks, reduce hazards, and protect human life and property. It offers a thorough assessment of wildfire risks, hazards, and protection needs across Butte County, uniting various stakeholders involved in wildfire pre-planning, management, and suppression. By identifying gaps and potential planning deficiencies, the plan establishes a framework for future planning and the implementation of mitigation projects and other measures.

Analysis:

A Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) is a strategic, community-driven planning document developed in collaboration with local fire agencies, government officials, and other stakeholders. The primary goal of CWPP is to reduce the risk of wildfire to life, property, and natural resources within a defined community or region. The CWPP identifies wildfire risks, such as dense vegetation, steep terrain, and limited access routes, while mapping vulnerable areas like homes, infrastructure, and natural resources that need protection. The plan also recommends specific actions for mitigating wildfire risks, including fuels reduction projects, defensible space programs, and home hardening initiatives. In addition, it outlines priorities for where and how to reduce fire hazards and helps improve coordination among local, state, and federal agencies.

One of the key benefits of the CWPP is that it provides our community with more control over where and how wildfire mitigation projects are implemented. Additionally, it makes it easier to secure funding through state and federal grants, such as CAL FIRE’s Fire Prevention Grants and FEMA mitigation programs.

Financial Impact:

None.
119

TOWN OF PARADISE
RESOLUTION NO. 2025-___

A RESOLUTION OF THE TOWN COUNCIL OF THE TOWN OF PARADISE APPROVING AND AUTHORIZING EXECUTION OF THE 2025 BUTTE COUNTY

COMMUNITY WILDFIRE PROTECTION PLAN
WHEREAS, the 2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) has been developed in coordination with local, state, and federal agencies, as well as community stakeholders, to identify wildfire risks and outline strategies for reducing those risks, improving emergency response, and enhancing community resilience; and WHEREAS, the Butte County CWPP serves as a planning and assessment tool, identifying and prioritizing pre-fire management strategies and tactics meant to reduce the loss of values at risk within the County; and
WHEREAS, the Town of Paradise has been an active participant in the development of the CWPP, providing input and collaborating with CAL FIRE, the Butte County Fire Safe Council and other stakeholders to ensure the plan reflects the needs and priorities of the community; and WHEREAS, the adoption of the CWPP is necessary for the Town of Paradise to remain eligible for certain funding opportunities, including those from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE), which require an approved CWPP for participation; and NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Town Council of the Town of Paradise as follows:

Section 1. The Town Council of the Town of Paradise hereby approves the 2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan as a guiding document for wildfire risk reduction within the Town and the surrounding region.

Section 2. The Town Manager, or their designee, is authorized and directed to execute any and all documents necessary to formalize the Town’s participation in the implementation of the Butte County CWPP.

PASSED AND ADOPTED by the Paradise Town Council of the Town of Paradise, County of Butte, State of California, on this 13th day of May, 2025, by the following vote:

AYES:

NOES:

ABSENT:

ABSTAIN:
_______________________________
Steve Crowder, Mayor
ATTEST: APPROVED AS TO FORM:
________________________________ ________________________________ Melanie Elvis, Town Clerk Scott E. Huber, Town Attorney 120
--CERTIFICATION OF RESOLUTION--
ATTEST:

I, Melanie Elvis, Town Clerk of the Town of Paradise, California do hereby certify that this is a true and correct copy of the original Resolution No. 2025-_____.

WITNESS MY HAND OR THE SEAL OF THE TOWN OF PARADISE, on this 13th day of May, 2025.
_______________________
Melanie Elvis, Town Clerk
Town of Paradise
121
122
123
We would like to formally thank the Core Team and all stakeholders for contributing their time and expertise throughout the planning process. Your participation has contributed to creating resilient landscapes, implementing public education, reducing structural ignitability, and ensuring safe and effective wildfire response.

For additional information, questions, or concerns regarding this project, please contact Project Manager Arianna Porter at [email protected] or the CAL FIRE Butte Unit at [email protected]. 124

BUTTE COUNTY COMMUNITY WILDFIRE

PROTECTION PLAN AMENDMENTS
Date Sections Updated Page Numbers
Updated Description of Update Updated By
May 2025 All All CWPP 5 Year Rewrite Core Team
125
The entities listed below participated in the development of and/or reviewed the final document and are in support of the 2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan:

Garrett Sjolund
Unit Chief, CAL FIRE Butte Unit
Fire Chief, Butte County Fire Department
Fire Chief, Biggs Fire Department
Fire Chief, Gridley Fire Department
Fire Chief, Oroville Fire Department
Fire Chief, Paradise Fire Department
Steve Standridge
Fire Chief, Chico Fire Department
Tod Kimmelshue
Chair, Butte County Board of Supervisors
Kasey Reynolds
Mayor, City of Chico
Steve Crowder
Mayor, Town of Paradise
David Pittman
Mayor, City of Oroville
James “Bo” Sheppard
Mayor, City of Biggs
Mike Farr
Mayor, City of Gridley
Darrel Wilson
Chair, Butte County Fire Safe Council
Nick Burtman
Fire Captain
Wildland Fire Preparedness & Mitigation
Butte County Fire Department
Spencer Mallinger
Fire Captain
Pre-Fire Engineer
CAL FIRE Butte Unit
126
Page | i

CONTENTS
Executive Summary..........................................................................ES-1 Chapter 1 – Introduction ........................................................................ 1 Goal of a Community Wildfire Protection Plan................................... 2 Alignment with the National Cohesive Strategy ................................. 3 Alignment with Plans and Agreements .............................................. 4 Stakeholder Collaboration.................................................................. 5 Core Team ................................................................................... 5 Key Collaborators ........................................................................ 5 Public Involvement....................................................................... 7 Insurance............................................................................................ 8 Chapter 2 – Planning Area Overview and Values................................ 9 Planning Area..................................................................................... 9 Land Ownership.........................................................................11 Roads and Transportation .........................................................13 Recreation..................................................................................14 Wildlife........................................................................................14 Population.........................................................................................16 Social Vulnerability.....................................................................17 Community Values ...........................................................................21 Timber Industry ..........................................................................28 Water Infrastructure ...................................................................28 Tribal Resources........................................................................29 Area of Concern ...............................................................................30 Fuel Treatment Projects ...................................................................32 Evacuation Resources and Challenges ...........................................39 People........................................................................................39 Animals and Livestock ...............................................................39 Chapter 3 – Fire Environment..............................................................41 Wildland-Urban Interface..................................................................41 WUI Land Use............................................................................43 Engineering and Structural Ignitability .......................................43 Fire Ecology......................................................................................44 Fire Return Intervals ..................................................................44 Vegetation and Land Cover.......................................................48 Climate.......................................................................................55 Forest Health Considerations ....................................................59 Fire History .......................................................................................63 Fire Behavior Patterns ...............................................................63 Recent Fire Occurrence.............................................................64 Ignition Analysis .........................................................................68 127
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | ii
Chapter 4 – Fire Department Capabilities and Pre-Fire
Management Strategies ................................................................. 71 Mutual and Automatic Aid Agreements............................................71 Dispatch Agreements................................................................. 72 Fire Department Overview, Capabilities, Plans and Priorities .........72 Butte County Fire Department ...................................................75 City of Biggs Fire Department....................................................77 City of Chico Fire Department ...................................................79 City of Gridley Fire Department .................................................82 City of Oroville Fire Department ................................................84 Town of Paradise Fire Department............................................87 CAL FIRE Butte Unit..................................................................90 Unit Goals and Objectives...................................................92 Battalion and Program Plans and Priorities ........................92 Unit Programs....................................................................109 Fire Prevention Bureau...............................................109 Public Information and Education ........................109 Fire Marshal’s Office ............................................110 Defensible Space Inspection Program.................111 Training and Safety Bureau ........................................111 Fire Crew Program......................................................113 Magalia Fire Center..............................................113 Table Mountain Fire Center..................................114 Resource Management...............................................114 Chico Air Attack Base .................................................117 Emergency Command Center ....................................118 Ignition Management Plan.................................................119 Chapter 5 – Cooperator Fire Management Strategies.....................121 Butte County Collaborative Group..................................................121 Firewise Communities ....................................................................123 Chapter 6 – Risk Reduction Recommendations..............................125 Goal 1: Restore and Maintain Landscapes ....................................126 Recommendations for Hazardous Fuel Reduction..................126 Traditional Ecological Knowledge............................................127 Prescribed Herbivory ...............................................................127 Herbicide Application ...............................................................128 Goal 2: Fire-Adapted Communities................................................141 Recommendations for Public Education and Outreach...........141 Recommendations for Engineering and Reducing
Structural Ignitability................................................................. 141 Goal 3: Wildfire Response..............................................................149 Recommendations for Improving Fire Response
Capabilities ..............................................................................149 Chapter 7 – Monitoring and Evaluation............................................163 Fuels Treatment Monitoring ...........................................................165 Landowner Guidance...............................................................166 128
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | iii
Project Tracker.........................................................................167 CWPP Evaluation...........................................................................167 Timeline for Updating the CWPP and Unit Plan.............................167 Chapter 8 – Quantitative Wildfire Risk Assessment .......................169 Purpose ..........................................................................................169 Field-Based Community Hazard Assessments..............................170 Communities At Risk Designation..................................................172 Existing Hazards Information .........................................................172 California Fire Hazard Severity Zones.....................................172 Assessing Hazards vs. Risk.....................................................181 Quantitative Wildfire Risk Assessment...........................................181 Framework ...............................................................................181 Process Overview....................................................................182 Data Collection.........................................................................182 Highly Valued Resources and Assets (HVRAs) ......................186 Risk Modeling and Scoring ......................................................189 Validation and Calibration........................................................190 QWRA Results.........................................................................190 Abbreviations and Acronyms............................................................192 Glossary...............................................................................................194

APPENDICES
Appendix A: Planning and Policy Background
Appendix B: Mapping
Appendix C: Field Assessments for CWPP Community Polygons Appendix D: Project Outreach
Appendix E: Funding Sources
Appendix F: Homeowner Actions and Resources
Appendix G: Fuel Treatment Types and Methods
Appendix H: Post-Fire Response and Restoration
Appendix I: Fuel Treatment Activities
Appendix J: Fuel Treatment Effectiveness Reports
Appendix K: Annual Accomplishments
References...........................................................................................203 129
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | iv

FIGURES
Figure 1.1. The three primary goals of the National Cohesive Strategy and post-fire recovery.................................................... 3 Figure 2.1. Butte County CWPP planning area with fire protection responsibility areas delineated. .................................................10 Figure 2.2. Butte County CWPP planning area land ownership map. ...........................................................................................12 Figure 2.3. A typical road in a Butte County ridge community................13 Figure 2.4. Critical habitat in the Butte County CWPP planning area............................................................................................15 Figure 2.5. Diagram showing CDC/ATSDR indicators of social vulnerability. ...............................................................................18 Figure 2.6. Overall social vulnerability index (SVI) percentile ranking for the Butte County CWPP planning area. ..................19 Figure 2.7. Cultural and historic resources in the Butte County CWPP planning area. ................................................................23 Figure 2.8. Bedrock mortars, a cultural resource found within the Butte County CWPP planning area. ..........................................24 Figure 2.9. Natural resources in the Butte County CWPP planning area............................................................................................25 Figure 2.10. Forested land, an example of a natural resource within the Butte County CWPP planning area. ..........................26 Figure 2.11. The Oroville Dam and Hyatt Powerhouse, examples of socioeconomic resources within the Butte County
CWPP planning area. ................................................................26 Figure 2.12. Socioeconomic resources in the Butte County CWPP planning area. ............................................................................27 Figure 2.13. Diversion Pool after the Thompson Fire.............................29 Figure 2.14. Areas of concern for Butte County CWPP planning area............................................................................................31 Figure 2.15. Completed fuel treatments within the Butte County CWPP planning area. ................................................................34 Figure 2.16. Active and planned fuel treatments in the Butte County CWPP planning area, map 1 of 4.................................. 35 Figure 2.17. Active and planned fuel treatments in the Butte County CWPP planning area, map 2 of 4.................................. 36 Figure 2.18. Active and planned fuel treatments in the Butte County CWPP planning area, map 3 of 4.................................. 37 Figure 2.19. Active and planned fuel treatments in the Butte County CWPP planning area, map 4 of 4.................................. 38 Figure 3.1. Butte County CWPP planning area WUI map. .....................42 Figure 3.2. Factors associated with embers (firebrands) on the landscape...................................................................................44 Figure 3.3. Estimated theoretical fire return interval throughout the Butte County CWPP planning area. ..........................................46 Figure 3.4. Actual fire return interval in the Butte County CWPP planning area based on large fires (500+ acres) occurring from 1900 to 2024......................................................................47 130
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | v
Figure 3.5. Vegetation types across the Butte County CWPP planning area. ............................................................................51 Figure 3.6. Fuel model classes across the Butte County CWPP planning area. ............................................................................54 Figure 3.7. Monthly average temperature and precipitation trends for Openshaw, California, based on RAWS data from
2014 to 2025. .............................................................................57 Figure 3.8. Monthly average temperature and precipitation trends for Jarbo Gap, California, based on RAWS data from 2003 to 2025. ......................................................................................57 Figure 3.9. Monthly average temperature and precipitation trends for Humbug Summit, California, based on RAWS data
from 2012 to 2024......................................................................58 Figure 3.10 Tier One High Hazard Zones for tree mortality in the Butte County CWPP planning area. ..........................................61 Figure 3.11. Tier Two High Hazard Zones for tree mortality in the Butte County CWPP planning area. ..........................................62 Figure 3.12. Wildfire history (2000–2024) in the Butte County CWPP planning area. ................................................................66 Figure 3.13. Wildfire history (1900–1999) in the Butte County CWPP planning area. ................................................................67 Figure 3.14. Butte Unit fires by type, 2015–2024. ..................................68 Figure 3.15. Butte Unit fire cause by class, 2015–2024.........................69 Figure 3.16. Butte Unit fire cause by class, 2015–2024, by responsibility area......................................................................69 Figure 3.17. Fire incidents from 2014 to 2024 across the Butte County CWPP planning area.....................................................70 Figure 4.1. Fire response areas within the Butte County CWPP planning area. ............................................................................73 Figure 4.2. Fire stations within the Butte County CWPP planning area............................................................................................74 Figure 4.3. CAL FIRE Butte Unit and battalion boundaries within the Butte County CWPP planning area. ....................................91 Figure 4.4. A CAL FIRE fuel reduction crew working on a hazardous fuel reduction project..............................................116 Figure 5.1. Fuel reduction before and after in Butte County oak woodlands................................................................................123 Figure 5.2. Firewise communities throughout the Butte County CWPP planning area. ..............................................................124 Figure 6.1. Image of cultural burning in Butte County. .........................127 Figure 6.2. California PRC 4291 Requirements vs. Butte County Chapter 38A.............................................................................143 Figure 7.1. Four-step CWPP evaluation process. ................................168 Figure 8.1. CAL FIRE’s FHSZs in the SRA within Butte County. .........175 Figure 8.2. 2025 LRA Fire Hazard Severity Zones in
unincorporated Butte County. ..................................................176 Figure 8.3. 2025 LRA Fire Hazard Severity Zones in the City of Chico........................................................................................177 131
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | vi
Figure 8.4. 2025 LRA Fire Hazard Severity Zones in the City of Oroville.....................................................................................178 Figure 8.5. 2025 LRA Fire Hazard Severity Zones in the Town of Paradise...................................................................................179 Figure 8.6. QWRA Framework..............................................................182 Figure 8.7. Burn probability in the Butte County CWPP planning area..........................................................................................184 Figure 8.8. Flame length in the Butte County CWPP planning area. ...185 Figure 8.9. Butte County CWPP planning area QWRA input – HVRA: infrastructure................................................................187 Figure 8.10. Butte County CWPP planning area QWRA input – building footprints.....................................................................188 Figure 8.11. Relative importance of collaboratively selected HVRAs for the Butte County CWPP planning area. ................189 Figure 8.12. Wildfire risk to structures and infrastructure in the Butte County CWPP planning area. ........................................191 TABLES
Table 1.1. Core Team List ........................................................................ 5 Table 1.2. Key Collaborators .................................................................... 6 Table 1.3. Tribes in Butte County and their Recognition Status............... 8 Table 2.1. Land Ownership in the Butte County Planning Area .............11 Table 2.2. Special-Status Species within Butte County..........................16 Table 2.3. Butte County Population by Jurisdiction, 2024......................17 Table 2.4. Estimated Socially Vulnerable Populations in Butte County........................................................................................20 Table 2.5. Acreage and Status of Treated Landscapes .........................33 Table 3.1. CWPP Planning Area Vegetation Types ...............................50 Table 3.2. Scott and Burgan 2005 Fuel Model Classes within the Butte County CWPP Planning Area...........................................53 Table 3.3. Mean Annual Temperature and Precipitation from RAWS in the Butte County CWPP Planning Area.....................56 Table 3.4. Significant Fires that Started in or Spread into Butte County Since 1999.....................................................................65 Table 4.1. CAL FIRE Butte Unit Mutual/Automatic Aid Agreement Participants ................................................................................72 Table 4.2. Butte County Fire Department Resources.............................76 Table 4.3. Biggs Fire Department Resources.........................................78 Table 4.4. City of Chico Fire Department Resources .............................81 Table 4.5. Gridley Fire Department Resources ......................................83 Table 4.6. Oroville Fire Department Resources .....................................86 Table 4.7. Town of Paradise Fire Department Resources .....................89 Table 4.8. CAL FIRE Butte Unit Response Resources ..........................90 Table 6.1. Recommendations for Resilient Landscapes ......................129 132
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | vii
Table 6.2. Recommendations for Creating Fire-Adapted
Communities (Public Education and Reducing Structural
Ignitability)................................................................................145 Table 6.3. Recommendations for Safe and Effective Wildfire Response.................................................................................151 Table 7.1. Recommended Monitoring Strategies ................................. 164 Table 8.1. Field-Based Community Hazard Assessment
Summaries...............................................................................171 Table 8.2. Communities at Risk within Butte County............................172 Table 8.3. Spatial Data Inputs for the QWRA.......................................183 133
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | ES-1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The 2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) serves as an update to the 2021– 2025 CWPP, emphasizing strategies to mitigate wildfire risks, reduce hazards, and protect human life and property. It offers a thorough assessment of wildfire risks, hazards, and protection needs across Butte County, uniting various stakeholders involved in wildfire pre-planning, management, and suppression.

By identifying gaps and potential planning deficiencies, the plan establishes a framework for future planning and the implementation of mitigation projects and other measures.

Butte County’s CWPP serves a dual role as both the countywide CWPP and the Unit Fire Plan for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) Butte Unit. This combined approach, developed over a decade ago, streamlines planning and ensures alignment with the California State Board of Forestry’s 2018 Strategic Fire Plan for California and CAL FIRE’s Statewide Strategic Plan, promoting a unified vision of community safety across local, state, and federal levels. The CWPP’s design allows for regular updates and validation by multiple agencies, keeping the plan responsive to current needs and incorporating innovative strategies for fire prevention, protection, and post-fire recovery.

The CWPP meets the requirements of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (HFRA) as well as the CAL FIRE CWPP and Unit Fire Plan guidelines by:
• Including documentation that the plan was collaboratively developed and included public engagement
• Providing an assessment of wildfire hazard and risk
• Including prioritized actions to address hazardous fuels and reduce structural ignitability • Being approved by authorized representatives from local governments, fire departments, and

CAL FIRE
• Providing additional content to describe the planning area, plan goals and objectives, roles and responsibilities, response and suppression capabilities Butte County, located on the east side of the northern Sacramento Valley and spanning a little over one million acres, is home to approximately 205,928 residents and includes a mixture of State, Federal, and Local Responsibility Areas (Butte County 2024a). Butte County benefits from an integrated, cooperative, regional fire protection system that is both strong and cost-effective. Six entities—CAL FIRE, Butte County, City of Biggs, City of Gridley, City of Oroville, and Town of Paradise—operate as one, highly efficient department, and all fire protection agencies countywide, including Chico Fire Department and the U.S. Forest Service, participate in seamless, decades-old resource-sharing agreements.

Butte County's fire ecology depends on maintaining natural fire return intervals, which are crucial for ecological health and preventing catastrophic fires. Historically, Indigenous communities managed these landscapes with frequent, low- to moderate-intensity fires, promoting biodiversity and reducing wildfire hazards. Preserving these intervals is essential for managing fuel loads, sustaining fire-adapted species, and enhancing forest resilience.

Recent fire activity has profoundly impacted Butte County residents, leading to devastating consequences such as loss of life, property destruction, psychological trauma, contaminated water supplies, and health issues from prolonged exposure to wildfire smoke. These challenges are among the many faced by communities as they navigate recovery from numerous recent wildfire disasters. Given that wildfire is a natural and recurring element in Butte County’s landscape, building community resilience is essential.

Adapting to live with fire requires proactive measures, including fire-resilient land management, 134
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | ES-2
community preparedness, and sustainable planning practices that recognize wildfire’s role in local ecosystems, while simultaneously prioritizing resident safety and well-being. By fostering resilience, the community can mitigate both the immediate and long-term impacts of wildfires, creating a landscape where ecological health and public safety are integral priorities.

The 2025 Butte County CWPP development process involved a core planning team (the Core Team) consisting of local and state agencies and groups with extensive experience in fire management and prevention. The planning process united wildfire responders and land managers in a collaborative effort to model and map wildfire risk, identify hazards, and incorporate stakeholder and public input. Community engagement and awareness were facilitated through public meetings, surveys, workshops, and online platforms. Additionally, the draft document underwent review periods for the Core Team, stakeholders, and public to provide their input on the 2025 Butte County CWPP.

The 2025 Butte County CWPP establishes a comprehensive framework for wildfire preparedness and management, aligning its objectives with the 2018 Strategic Fire Plan for California, California’s Wildfire and Forest Resilience Action Plan, and California’s Forests and Rangelands: 2017 Assessment. These guiding documents represent the most current statewide strategies and assessments available to inform wildfire planning efforts.

The plan is outlined as follows:

Chapter 1: Introduction and Unit Overview
The plan begins with an introduction to its overarching goals and historical alignment with state and national wildfire strategies. The chapter also outlines the collaborative roles of local and public stakeholders.

Chapter 2: Planning Area Overview and Values
The planning area is clearly defined, and community values, past achievements in mitigation projects, and evacuation procedures are discussed.

Chapter 3: Fire Environment
The plan evaluates fire risks across the wildland-urban interface (WUI), providing a detailed analysis of fire ecology, historical ignitions, and trends.

Chapter 4: Fire Department Capabilities and Pre-Fire Management Strategies Fire departments provide a summary of the settings, objectives, and resources available to each department or battalion within the planning area. Additionally, mutual aid and dispatch agreements are discussed.

Chapter 5: Cooperator Fire Management Strategies
The collaborating entities within the planning area and their crucial roles in sustaining community-wide resilience to wildfire impacts are detailed.

Chapter 6: Mitigation Recommendations
Mitigation recommendations are identified and outlined in detail, with a focus on fire prevention and fuels reduction, educational outreach, structural preparedness, and response capabilities.

Chapter 7: Monitoring and Adaptation
Provisions for ongoing monitoring and evaluation are provided to ensure the timely adaptation and effectiveness of fuel treatments, risk assessments, and hazard mitigation actions. 135
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | ES-3
Chapter 8: Quantitative Wildfire Risk Assessment (QWRA) The plan uses a QWRA to equip land use managers, fire officials, and planners with essential data for crafting targeted wildfire mitigation strategies.

CWPPs do not have the authority to mandate the implementation of any recommendations. However, the core message of this document is that the most effective fire mitigation can be achieved through the joint actions of individual property owners and partner, local, state, and federal governments. The true value of CWPPs lies in their ability to provide a framework for collaboration among the public, governments, agencies, and other partner entities to develop solutions and strategies for wildfire management and mitigation.

This CWPP should be regarded as a dynamic document that necessitates regular updates, particularly after significant fire events. Consistent revisions are essential to incorporate changes, modifications, or new information. These updates are crucial for effectively reducing wildfire risks across Butte County and ensuring the CWPP's core ideas and priorities remain relevant for the long-term benefit of the communities it serves.

The plan has been formally adopted by the Butte County Board of Supervisors and all additional signatories as noted on the signatory page. As part of the annual CAL FIRE Fire Plan update cycle, the CAL FIRE Butte Unit will oversee the plan's governance to ensure project progression and will facilitate ongoing maintenance and updates to keep the plan current and effective. 136
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | ES-4
This page intentionally left blank.
137
Page | 1 Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
The United States is facing urgent forest and watershed health concerns.

In recent years, wildfires have shown a trend of increasing severity, with the total acres burned and the average acres burned per fire rising significantly over time (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] 2024). Since 2000, there has been a clear increase in the total acreage burned, with particularly high spikes observed in 2007, 2012, 2015, and 2020 (NOAA 2024). From 2013 to 2022 an average of

7.2 million acres were impacted annually due to wildfire, more than doubling the annual average of acres burned in the 1990s (Congressional Research Service 2023). The 2015 fire season had the most acreage impacted in a single year (between 1960 and 2022) at

10.13 million acres. 2020 was the second most extensive year for wildfire with 10.12 million acres burned (Congressional Research Service 2023).

These statistics demonstrate that wildfires are becoming larger and harder to control.

The California’s Forests and Rangelands: 2017 Assessment remains the most current comprehensive evaluation of the state’s forest and rangeland conditions, highlighting critical challenges such as increased wildfire severity, pest outbreaks, and ecosystem degradation (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection [CAL FIRE] 2017). While an updated assessment is underway (CAL FIRE 2023b), recent strategic documents like the 2020 California Forests and Rangelands Strategy and California’s Wildfire and Forest Resilience Action Plan underscore the urgency of implementing robust wildfire mitigation and resilience measures (CAL FIRE 2020b). These include addressing forest density, prioritizing vegetation treatments, and increasing adaptive management to mitigate wildfire risks and climate impacts (CAL FIRE 2020b).

California faced an especially severe 2024 fire season, with 8,024 wildfires burning 1,050,012 acres statewide, damaging 432 structures, destroying 1,716 structures, and resulting in one civilian fatality (CAL FIRE 2025a). This marks a significant increase compared to the 5-year average, with the acreage burned being over 30 times that of the total fires in 2023. This trend highlights the growing intensity and frequency of wildfires across the state.

Over the past 14 years, wildfires have burned more than 1 million acres in Butte County. In 2024 alone, the CWPP planning area experienced 269 fires, with the Park Fire being the largest at 429,603 acres (including portions in Tehama County). The Park Fire is recognized as the largest arson-caused wildfire in California's history. Butte County has also faced several fires listed among CAL FIRE’s top 20 deadliest, most destructive, and largest wildfires in state history (CAL FIRE 2024a). 138
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 2 Table of Contents
The 2018 Camp Fire remains the deadliest and most destructive fire in California history, causing 85 fatalities and destroying more than 18,000 structures (Link and Maranghides 2023). The 2020 North Complex Fire ranks as the fifth largest and fifth most destructive fire in state history, burning 318,935 acres and destroying 2,352 structures (Eco Flight 2020). The 2021 Dixie Fire, which burned 963,309 acres, holds the record as the largest single-start wildfire in California's history (CBS News 2021).

Historically, California experienced an average of 1.8 million acres burned annually prior to EuroAmerican settlement (Stephens et al. 2007). Much of this fire activity consisted of low-intensity, ecologically beneficial burns driven by natural ignitions and intentional burning practices by Native Americans (Stephens et al. 2007). In contrast, recent decades have brought more high-severity fires to Butte County, including the Park Fire, Camp Fire, North Complex Fire, and Dixie Fire, underscoring the increasing severity and impact of modern wildfire events (CAL FIRE 2024a).

Over the past century, fire suppression policies have resulted in a continuous buildup of fuels, leading to larger and more intense wildfires (U.S. Forest Service [USFS] 2003). These fires are increasingly challenging and costly to control, particularly during very dry, windy conditions or during widespread lightning events like those that occurred in northern California in 1999, 2008, and 2020. Under these conditions, local, state, and federal firefighting resources can be quickly overwhelmed.

As wildfire severity increases, communities need a plan to help prepare for, reduce the risk of, and adapt to wildland fire events. Community wildfire protection plans (CWPPs) help accomplish these goals.

A CWPP provides recommendations that are intended to reduce, but not eliminate, the extreme severity or risk of wildland fire. This CWPP functions as both the community's wildfire protection plan and the Unit Fire Plan for the CAL FIRE Butte Unit, aligning local priorities with CAL FIRE’s statewide goals. This promotes coordinated fire safety efforts across local and statewide levels of government. The CAL FIRE Butte Unit, along with its goals, priorities, programs, accomplishments, and fire response capabilities, is described in Chapter 4.

GOAL OF A COMMUNITY WILDFIRE PROTECTION
PLAN
The goal of a CWPP is to enable local communities to improve their wildfire mitigation capacity, while working with government agencies to identify high fire risk areas and prioritize areas for mitigation, fire suppression, and emergency preparedness. Another goal of the CWPP is to enhance public awareness by helping residents better understand the natural and human-caused risk of wildland fires that threaten lives, safety, and the local economy. The minimum requirements for a CWPP, as stated in the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 (HFRA), are:

Collaboration: Local and state government representatives, in consultation with federal agencies or other interested groups, must collaboratively develop a CWPP (Society of American Foresters 2004).

Prioritized Fuel Reduction: A CWPP must identify and prioritize areas for hazardous fuels reduction and treatments and recommend the types and methods of treatment that will protect one or more communities at risk and their essential infrastructure (Society of American Foresters 2004).

Treatments of Structural Ignitability: A CWPP must recommend measures that property owners and communities can take to reduce the ignitability of structures throughout the area addressed by the plan (Society of American Foresters 2004).

Additional information on the planning process is available in Appendix A. 139
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 3 Table of Contents

ALIGNMENT WITH THE NATIONAL COHESIVE

STRATEGY
The 2025 CWPP is aligned with the National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy (Cohesive Strategy) and its Phase III Western Regional Action Plan by adhering to the nationwide goal “to safely and effectively extinguish fire, when needed; use fire where allowable; manage our natural resources; and as a Nation, live with wildland fire” (Forests and Rangelands 2014:3).

The primary national goals identified as necessary to achieving the vision are:
• Restore and maintain landscapes: Landscapes across all jurisdictions are resilient to firerelated disturbances in accordance with management objectives. • Fire-adapted communities: Human populations and infrastructure can withstand wildfire without loss of life and property.
• Wildfire response: All jurisdictions participate in making and implementing safe, effective, efficient risk-based wildfire management decisions.

Alignment with these Cohesive Strategy goals is described in more detail in Chapter 4, Fire Department Capabilities and Pre-Fire Management Strategies.

In addition to aligning with the Cohesive Strategy, the CWPP also incorporates information on post-fire recovery, the significant hazards of a post-fire environment, and the risk that post-fire effects pose to communities (Appendix H, Figure H.1).

Figure 1.1. The three primary goals of the National Cohesive Strategy and post-fire recovery.

Note: This CWPP incorporates the three primary goals of the Cohesive Strategy as well as post-fire recovery and serves as a holistic plan for fire adaptation and resilience.
140
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 4 Table of Contents

ALIGNMENT WITH PLANS AND AGREEMENTS
This CWPP is aligned with multiple local, state, and federal planning documents, most notably the:
• 2018 Strategic Fire Plan for California
• CAL FIRE Strategic Plan 2024
• 2024 CAL FIRE California CWPP Guide/Toolkit
• Butte County 2024 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update • Butte County General Plan Health and Safety Element 2040 • Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan 2021–2025 Like this plan, these planning documents and agreements aim to mitigate wildfire impacts by reducing fire risk, protecting communities and natural resources, and enhancing overall fire resilience. These documents and agreements, as well as additional fire policy and legislative direction, are summarized in Appendix A.
2018 STRATEGIC FIRE PLAN FOR CALIFORNIA
The 2018 Strategic Fire Plan for California, developed by CAL FIRE and the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection, aims to enhance wildfire management and mitigation through fire prevention, suppression activities, and natural resource management. Key focus areas include improving fire response capabilities, maintaining resilient forests to meet climate goals, and increasing public awareness and community involvement in fire prevention. The plan outlines eight primary goals and 66 specific objectives, such as identifying wildland fire hazards, integrating land use planning, enhancing community fire protection planning, and implementing post-fire assessment programs.

This 2025 CWPP update aligns with the 2018 Strategic Fire Plan for California by integrating the following goals into its project recommendations:
• Comprehensive Hazard Assessment and Mitigation: The recommendations support identifying and evaluating wildland fire hazards through activities such as hazard tree and vegetation surveys, maintenance of fuel breaks, and implementation of defensible space programs.
• Collaborative Data Sharing and Planning: The recommendations promote collaborative development and sharing of analyses by partnering with tribal governments, conducting quarterly collaborative group meetings, and implementing projects identified in CWPPs. • Local Land Use Planning Support: The recommendations support local land use planning by incorporating solutions for limited access issues into the General Plan's Safety Element, enhancing public education programs, and implementing countywide home hardening techniques.
• Fire Prevention Awareness and Education: Increasing fire prevention awareness is addressed through community engagement in Firewise USA programs, public education initiatives, and workforce development and training.
• Integrated Management Practices: Integrating fire and fuels management practices with landowner priorities is evident in the collaborative projects with tribal governments, intentional fire implementation, and countywide grazing programs.
141
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 5 Table of Contents
• Resource Determination for Fire Prevention: Determining necessary resources for fire prevention is supported by enhancing green waste disposal, establishing dedicated wildfire preparedness positions, and conducting workforce training. • Fire Suppression Resource Needs: Addressing fire suppression resource needs includes increasing fire department staffing, modernizing the firefighting fleet, and creating strategic partnerships for firefighting aircraft.

STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION

CORE TEAM
The Core Team collaboratively guided the development of the 2025 Butte County CWPP. The Core Team included representatives from Butte County Administration, Butte County Fire Department, the Butte County Fire Safe Council, and CAL FIRE. The Core Team drives decision making, data sharing, and communication with community members and other stakeholders. The Core Team facilitated collaboration with local and state organizations throughout the region as appropriate, primarily through coordination with the Butte County Collaborative Group (BCCG). The BCCG membership includes local, state, federal, and tribal governments, as well as nonprofits, private companies, and other organizations with a role in fire management and planning in and around the community. This diverse group was actively engaged throughout the CWPP development process at several regular meetings during which the group provided input on stakeholder outreach and education, project recommendations, and the CWPP during the public review period.

By bringing together stakeholders from a wide range of governmental and non-governmental organizations, the BCCG supported effective cross-boundary collaboration and ensured alignment in planning efforts related to forest health, ecological restoration, and wildfire safety.

In addition to weekly check-in meetings, the Core Team first met on June 3, 2024, convened again on October 9, 2024, and for the final time on December 6, 2024.

Table 1.1. Core Team List
Name Title Organization
Spencer Mallinger Pre-Fire Engineer CAL FIRE Butte Unit Nick Burtman Wildland Fire Preparedness and Mitigation Butte County Fire Department Dawn Nevers Deputy Chief Administrative Officer Butte County Administration Katie Simmons Deputy Chief Administrative Officer Butte County Administration Taylor Nilsson Executive Director Butte County Fire Safe Council

KEY COLLABORATORS
The development of the 2025 Butte County CWPP was a collaborative effort involving numerous local, state, and federal entities, as well as local tribes and non-governmental organizations. The membership of the Butte County Collaborative Group (BCCG), which consists of over 30 governmental, nongovernmental, tribal, and nonprofit entities that play an active role in developing and implementing prescribed fire and other hazardous fuel reduction projects, played a critical role in shaping the CWPP. 142
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 6 Table of Contents
This group met regularly throughout the CWPP development process and provided direct project input and collaboration with the public and other relevant stakeholders.

In addition to the Core Team, the BCCG, and the public, the planning process benefited from the input of every local, state, and federal fire protection agency serving the planning area. These agencies brought expertise and on-the-ground experience, ensuring that the plan was comprehensive and addressed the unique challenges of the region.

To recognize the breadth of collaboration, Table 1.2 outlines key partners who participated in CWPP development, including entities that submitted projects or served as signatories to the CWPP.

Table 1.2. Key Collaborators
Organization Role/Contribution
Big Chico Creek Ecological Reserve BCCG Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Signatory, Project Input
Biggs Fire Department Project Input
Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Federal Partner, Project Input Butte County BCCG MOU Signatory, Core Team Leadership, Project Input Butte County Air Quality Management District BCCG MOU Signatory, Project Input Butte Environmental Council BCCG MOU Signatory, Project Input Butte County Fire Department Core Team Leadership, Project Input Butte County Fire Safe Council (BCFSC) BCCG MOU Signatory, Core Team Leadership, Public Outreach, Education, Coordination, Project Input
Butte County Resource Conservation District
(RCD)* BCCG MOU Signatory, Project Input
CAL FIRE Butte Unit Core Team Leadership, Project Input California Department of Water Resources Project Input, Watershed Management, Fuel Reduction Collaboration
California State Parks Project Input, Land Management, Wildfire Prevention on State Park Lands
Camp Fire Collaborative Project Input
Chico Fire Department Project Input
Enterprise Rancheria BCCG MOU Signatory, Project Input
Gridley Fire Department Project Input
Konkow Valley Band of Maidu Indians BCCG MOU Signatory, Project Input Lassen National Forest Federal Partner, Project Input
Local Tribal Governments Cultural and Land Management, Project Input Mechoopda Indian Tribe of Chico Rancheria BCCG MOU Signatory, Project Input North State Planning & Development Collective BCCG MOU Signatory, Project Input Northern California Regional Land Trust BCCG MOU Signatory, Project Input Oroville Fire Department Project Input
Paradise Fire Department Project Input
143
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 7 Table of Contents
Organization Role/Contribution
Plumas National Forest Federal Partner, Project Input
Private Landowners/Companies Project Implementation Partners Sierra Pacific Industries BCCG MOU Signatory, Project Input Town of Paradise Project Input
U.S. Forest Service BCCG MOU Signatory, Federal Partner, Project Input Yankee Hill Fire Safe Council (YHFSC) BCCG MOU Signatory, Public Outreach, Education, Coordination, Project Input

PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
A key element in the CWPP process is the meaningful discussions it generates among community members regarding their priorities for local fire protection and forest management (Society of American Foresters 2004). SWCA and the Core Team incorporated a comprehensive approach to public involvement throughout the planning process. This effort began with a press release from Butte County published on September 18, 2024, containing a public survey to gather input and specific concerns from residents.

To further engage the community, two public events were held: one in Chico on October 8, 2024, and another in Oroville on October 9, 2024. These events were announced via press releases and social media posts disseminated by CAL FIRE public information officers. At each event, informational materials were distributed, and local fire experts were present to answer questions and provide insights.

Additionally, a TV news segment highlighted the CWPP development process and invited community participation. These events provided valuable opportunities for community members to learn about wildfire protection measures and provide their perspectives and feedback to the CWPP.

The draft CWPP was made available for public review from February 7, 2025, through February 21, 2025.

During this time, two public meetings were held at the Oroville and Chico Libraries on February 11 and 12, 2025, respectively, providing residents an opportunity to ask questions and share feedback with Core Team members. In addition to the CWPP report, Butte County developed a CWPP hub site and story map (online content) to provide opportunities for information sharing and gathering. The story map and draft CWPP were announced through several different media outlets, including press releases and social media.

Additional information regarding public involvement and outreach is provided in Appendix D.

Tribal Collaboration
Collaboration between CAL FIRE and Indigenous tribes is a vital component of California's comprehensive fire management strategy. Table 1.3 is a list of federally and non-federally recognized tribes in Butte County. The State's 2018 Strategic Fire Plan emphasizes the importance of partnerships with local, state, federal, tribal, and private entities to create a fire-resilient environment, improve fire prevention and suppression efforts, and enhance coordination with tribal groups.

One notable example is the formation of the Tribal Caucus in 2023. Established as a subset of the Butte County Collaborative Group (BCCG), the Tribal Caucus provides a platform for supporting federally and non-federally recognized tribes to support forest health and wildfire safety initiatives. 144
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 8 Table of Contents
CAL FIRE has also taken proactive steps to ensure tribal groups in Butte County are aware of capacitybuilding and grant opportunities by hosting partner meetings. CAL FIRE's Fire Prevention Grants Program supports projects that reduce wildfire risks, including those led by tribal governments. Additionally, CAL FIRE has established wildland fire protection to the Native American Rancherias in the SRA through a statewide agreement with the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Through coordination and collaboration throughout the state, CAL FIRE and tribal entities aim to protect lives, property, and cultural resources, ensuring a safer and more resilient future for all communities involved (personal communication, CAL FIRE, 2024).

Table 1.3. Tribes in Butte County and their Recognition Status Tribe Name Recognition Status
Berry Creek Rancheria Federally Recognized
Enterprise Rancheria Federally Recognized
Konkow Valley Band of Maidu Indians Non-Federally Recognized Mechoopda Indian Tribe of Chico Rancheria Federally Recognized Mooretown Rancheria Federally Recognized
Pakan'Yani Maidu of Strawberry Valley Rancheria Non-Federally Recognized

INSURANCE
This CWPP provides recommendations for mitigating wildfire hazard on a county scale; therefore, it is not used by private insurance companies to determine individual property risk, because it does not address hazard at a parcel level. The intent of a CWPP is to provide broad-scale mitigation of wildfire risk to communities, which requires collaboration by government entities, landowners, and the public.

The Quantitative Wildfire Risk Assessment (QWRA) conducted for this CWPP is not intended for the determination of insurance premiums for homes and properties. Both states and insurance companies have clarified that wildfire risk assessments and associated maps in planning documents, such as CWPPs, do not influence insurance rates or coverage determinations. Instead, insurance companies use their own internal, proprietary maps and methods, which consider factors that change more frequently than state and local planning documents (U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA] 2023).

Resources like the Safer from Wildfires Initiative
provide incentives for wildfire risk reduction; the
California FAIR Plan Association offers coverage for
high-risk areas; and United Policyholders supports
homeowners with unbiased guidance on insurancerelated challenges. For more information on wildfire insurance options and resources, see Appendix F.

Aerial photograph of homes and forested
lands near Magalia, California.
145
Page | 9 Table of Contents
CHAPTER 2 – PLANNING AREA

OVERVIEW AND VALUES

PLANNING AREA
Butte County is situated on the east side of the northern Sacramento Valley, covering 1,072,789 acres according to the 2020 Census.

The planning area for this CWPP is aligned to the boundaries of the CAL FIRE Butte Unit, which encompasses the entirety of Butte County as well as a small, sparsely populated portion of southeast Tehama County.

The total acreage of the CWPP planning area is 1,134,193 acres.

Home to 205,928 residents, it is bordered by Plumas County to the northeast, Yuba County to the southeast, Sutter and Colusa Counties to the southwest, Glenn County to the west, and Tehama County to the northwest.

Approximately 52% of the county is designated as State Responsibility Area (SRA), while approximately 14% falls under Federal Responsibility Area (FRA), with public lands primarily managed by the Lassen and Plumas National Forests. The remaining 34% is classified as Local Responsibility Area (LRA), containing both densely populated urban areas and rural regions. The LRA, which experiences a high frequency of wildfires, poses a notable threat to adjacent SRA (CAL FIRE 2024i). See Figure 2.1 for the CAL FIRE Butte Unit and CWPP planning area boundary.
146
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 10 Table of Contents
Figure 2.1. Butte County CWPP planning area with fire protection responsibility areas delineated. 147
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 11 Table of Contents

LAND OWNERSHIP
Approximately 79% of the CWPP planning area is owned by private landholders, spanning both urban and rural areas, including an estimated 160,765 acres of private non-industrial timberlands. Public land is interspersed throughout the county, creating a mosaic of ownership.

The largest federal land holdings include the Plumas and Lassen National Forests (managed by the U.S. Forest Service [USFS]), which together account for 12.5% of the county's acreage. Federal lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) account for 1.2% of the total land area. Additional federal holdings, including those managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) (0.4%) and the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) (0.1%), are more limited in extent.

State-owned lands contribute a combined 6.0% of the total area, including lands managed by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) (2.4%), California Department of Parks and Recreation (0.5%), and other state agencies (2.6%).

Local government-owned lands make up 0.6%, while nonprofit conservancies and trusts account for 0.5% of the land area. Collectively, these smaller holdings, along with other public and conservation lands, contribute to the diverse management landscape in Butte County (Table 2.1; Figure 2.2).

Table 2.1. Land Ownership in the Butte County Planning Area Agency/Entity Acreage Percentage of
Planning Area
Private 896,893 79.1
U.S. Forest Service 142,133 12.5
Other State Lands* 29,748 2.6
California Department of Fish and Wildlife* 27,171 2.4
Bureau of Land Management 13,814 1.2
Local Government 6,835 0.6
California Department of Parks and Recreation* 6,163 0.6 Nonprofit Conservancies and Trusts 6,162 0.5
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 4,004 0.4
Bureau of Indian Affairs 1,270 0.1
Total 1,134,193 100
* Includes 42,000+ acres of California Department of Water Resources lands (FERC P - 2100) 148
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 12 Table of Contents
Figure 2.2. Butte County CWPP planning area land ownership map. 149
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 13 Table of Contents

ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION
Butte County's transportation system consists of over 2,000 miles of public roads, including State Routes 32, 70, 99, 162, and 191, which connect urban and rural areas across Butte County (Figure 2.3).

The county's geography, characterized by the Feather River, which bisects the county, and mountainous terrain in the east, limits the potential for roadway expansion. The Butte County Association of Governments works alongside the County to maintain and improve transportation infrastructure, which supports approximately 4.7 million miles of travel annually and includes a mixture of freeways, expressways, and local roads. Butte County consistently strives to improve the county’s roadways with ongoing transportation projects focused on bridge replacements and road widening.

Safe and efficient roadways are especially crucial for emergency response and fire protection in fireprone areas. Roadways such as the Skyway, connecting Chico and Paradise, are vital evacuation routes for the more rural communities of Butte County. Butte County is committed to enhancing roadway safety and emergency access by reducing hazardous vegetation and ensuring multiple access points are available for emergency vehicles, all of which are integrated into the County's Circulation Element to support mobility and wildfire preparedness.

Figure 2.3. A typical road in a Butte County ridge community. 150
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 14 Table of Contents
Additionally, two major rail lines traverse Butte County that transport freight and passengers throughout the western portion of the United States. One of these rail lines parallels the western boundary of the county and the other follows Highway 70 into Feather River Canyon. Transportation safety, roadway capacity improvements, and coordination with regional and state agencies are top priorities.

RECREATION
Outdoor recreation is a popular pastime in Butte County, thanks to its diverse landscapes of forests, rivers, streams, and ecological preserves. The public lands managed by both federal and state agencies provide residents with ample opportunities for activities such as hunting, fishing, hiking, camping, and swimming. However, these outdoor recreation areas also pose potential wildfire risks due to humancaused ignition sources.

Federally managed lands encompass parts of the Plumas and Lassen National Forests. Butte County also boasts significant state-managed lands, including the Lake Oroville State Recreation Area, Thermalito Forebay/Afterbay, Oroville Wildlife Area, Gray Lodge Wildlife Area, Table Mountain Ecological Reserve, and Sacramento Wildlife Area.

WILDLIFE
Wildfire fuel management plays a crucial role in wildlife management due to the potential adverse or beneficial effects that wildfires and vegetation communities can have on wildlife habitat. Vegetation management treatments are routinely implemented across Butte County to help mitigate the severity of wildfire impacts through a landscape. Many wildlife species in the region have evolved alongside a frequent fire regime and are dependent on consistent burn regimes to thrive. In addition to developing effective vegetation management plans to mitigate wildfire, it is also important to consider the potential impacts to wildlife habitat when planning fuel treatments. Vegetation management projects aimed at reducing wildfire risk—such as creating fuel breaks or altering vegetation types—can yield both positive and negative effects on wildlife. For a deeper understanding of fuel management practices, refer to Appendix G. Figure 2.4 highlights the critical habitat areas found for species of concern within Butte County.
151
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 15 Table of Contents
Figure 2.4. Critical habitat in the Butte County CWPP planning area. 152
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 16 Table of Contents
Threatened and Endangered Species
Butte County has 224 known special-status species, with nine species being endangered and 10 species being threatened (CAL FIRE 2024i). Vascular plants (113 species) and birds (41 species) make up the largest number of special-status species within Butte County (Table 2.2). Some examples of these species include bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), California black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus), California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense), greater sandhill crane (Antigone canadensis tabida), Sierra Nevada red fox (Vulpes vulpes necator), and western yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis) (California Natural Diversity Database 2024).

Table 2.2. Special-Status Species within Butte County
Type Count
Animals - Amphibians 7
Animals - Birds 41
Animals - Crustaceans 5
Animals - Fish 11
Animals - Insects 4
Animals - Mammals 18
Animals – Mollusks 4
Animals – Reptiles 3
Community – Terrestrial 8
Plants – Bryophytes 9
Plants – Lichens 1
Plants – Vascular 113
Total 224
Source: California Natural Diversity Database (2024)

POPULATION
As of 2024, Butte County has an estimated population of 205,928 within its jurisdictional boundaries (Table 2.3). Approximately 109,589 people (53% of the total county population) reside within Chico city limits. The unincorporated portions of Butte County have the second highest population count with approximately 58,731 residents (29% of the total county population). Of the 205,928 residents within Butte County, 18.6% are over the age of 65, with 76.2% of the population being between the ages 5 and 65 years old (Butte County 2024a). The median age in Butte County is 35.9 years old (U.S. Census Bureau 2025).

Approximately 18.8% of Butte County residents live below the poverty line, defined as earning less than $14,580 annually (Butte County 2024a). The average income within the county is $64,426 (Butte County 2024a). This value is below the statewide average income of $73,220 and similar to the federal average income of $65,470 (Forbes 2024; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 2024). 153
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 17 Table of Contents
Table 2.3. Butte County Population by Jurisdiction, 2024 Jurisdiction Population Percent of Total
Population
Biggs 1,853 0.9
Chico 109,589 53.2
Gridley 6,935 3.4
Oroville 18,129 8.8
Paradise 10,691 5.2
Unincorporated Butte County 58,731 28.5
Total 205,928 100
Source: Butte County (2024a)
Note: Population data are sourced from the Butte County mpbell fireard Mitigation Plan (LHMP). These figures represent estimates and projections at the time of the LHMP’s publication and are subject to change due to population growth, migration, and other factors.

SOCIAL VULNERABILITY
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) defines social vulnerability as the susceptibility of social groups to the negative impacts of natural hazards (e.g., wildfire), which include disproportionate death, injury, loss, or disruption of livelihood (FEMA 2022). A sole hazard occurrence can bring about considerably different impacts for distinct individuals, even if the magnitude of the hazard was the same for the entire community. Specific groups of individuals may be more susceptible to natural hazards because of socioeconomic status, physical state, or other factors. For instance, elderly individuals may have more difficulty in quickly evacuating during wildfire emergencies, which may make them more susceptible to entrapment.

Socially vulnerable populations can be assessed using a social vulnerability index (SVI), which approximates the social vulnerability of a location based on multiple indicators. This CWPP uses SVI data acquired from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). These data are derived from the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2020 American Community Survey 5-year estimates (CDC 2022). It is important to consider all indicators of social vulnerability, which can be understood using the CDC/ATSDR overall SVI shown in Figure 2.5.

Figure 2.6 shows the American Community Survey datasets that were used to calculate total social vulnerability values across the United States.

According to the CDC/ATSDR SVI for 2022, Butte County, has a “high” vulnerability score of 0.8225. This places it at a state ranking of 4th and a national ranking of 190th, indicating a significant level of social vulnerability.

In addition to overall social vulnerability, access to critical socioeconomic resources plays a key role in wildfire resilience. Maps detailing the locations of educational facilities, health care services, critical infrastructure, and public safety resources are included in Appendix B (Figures B.17–B.20). These maps provide insight into the distribution of key community assets that influence wildfire preparedness and response.
154
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 18 Table of Contents
Figure 2.5. Diagram showing CDC/ATSDR indicators of social vulnerability.

Source: CDC (2022)
155
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 19 Table of Contents
Figure 2.6. Overall social vulnerability index (SVI) percentile ranking for the Butte County CWPP planning area.

Source: CDC (2022)
156
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 20 Table of Contents
Table 2.4 provides statistics on socially vulnerable populations within the entirety of Butte County as estimated by the USFS’s Wildfire Risk to Communities. In this dataset, populations particularly at risk from wildfire include people over 65, people with disabilities, and people dwelling in mobile homes.

Visitors and non-local property owners may also be at higher risk if they are not familiar with local guidelines regarding property management (defensible space, fire-resistant vegetation, fire-resistant building materials, etc.) and may not be registered or within reach of local emergency notifications.

See Appendix B for additional SVI mapping for vulnerable populations in Butte County.

Table 2.4. Estimated Socially Vulnerable Populations in Butte County Population at Risk Number* Percentage of Butte County*
Families in poverty 5,195 10.6
People with disabilities 34,705 16.4
People over 65 years 38,852 18.2
People under 5 years 11,263 5.3
People of color 66,604 31.2
Difficulty with English 5,128 2.5
Households with no car 5,063 6.1
Mobile homes 8,705 10.4
Source: USFS (2022)
* Numbers and percentages are estimates. For more information and details about margins of error, please visit the following webpage: https://wildfirerisk.org/explore/vulnerable-populations/06/06007/ In addition, wildland firefighters are a population at significant risk from wildfire due to the inherent dangers of their profession. While battling fires, they face immediate threats to their safety, as well as long-term health risks. These include exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other hazardous conditions that can lead to serious health issues over time. In addition to the acute dangers of the fire environment, such as injury or death, wildland firefighters are particularly vulnerable to the medium- and long-term impacts of inhaling harmful substances while on the job.

Unhoused Populations
With continued economic and social trends exacerbating housing insecurity, urban areas in the United States have seen significant increases in unhoused populations. Consequently, fire departments are responding to more incidents involving fires that impact unhoused people and their shelters or encampments.

Many unhoused individuals use open flames for warmth and cooking, often without awareness of fire safety, and often in high fire risk areas, such as densely vegetated riverbanks or vacant buildings.

Legislative and political barriers can hinder efforts to address houselessness, which can allow fire risks to persist (National Fire Protection Association [NFPA] 2023).

In Butte County, there are more than 1,000 unhoused individuals, many with health conditions that impact their ability to maintain a job or live independently. This count likely underestimates the true number due to displacement from recent wildfires (Butte County 2023). 157
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 21 Table of Contents

COMMUNITY VALUES
A primary goal of the CWPP is to identify, prioritize, and protect the diverse values and assets within Butte County at risk from wildfire. Community values and asset data are gathered through the CWPP process using input from the Core Team, publicly available datasets, and insights from stakeholder and public outreach. These values encompass natural, cultural, and socioeconomic values (Figures 2.7–2.12) as well as lives and property. The scope of this CWPP does not allow determination of the absolute values that could be impacted by wildfire. Some examples of community values are (CAL FIRE 2024i):
• Private property
• Oroville–Thermalito Complex:
o Oroville Dam
o Thermalito Dam, Forebay, and Afterbay
o Lake Oroville
o Multiple hydroelectric facilities
producing 2.2 billion kilowatt-hours per
year
o 200+ miles of lake shorelines
• Historic buildings and many historical sites,
including over 20 on the National Register of
Historic Places
• Railroads, including over 80 miles of heavily
trafficked main line used for passenger and
freight transportation
• High-tension power transmission lines,
including hundreds of miles of major power
lines (500+ kilovolts)
• Rangeland
• Agricultural facilities:
o Fields
o Orchards
o Hullers
o Dryers
o Storage
• Research:
o California Rice Experiment Station,
hosting research projects utilized
throughout the rice industry
o Educational facilities, including Butte
Community College with
13,000 students and California State
University–Chico with 17,000 students
• Medical facilities:
o Three hospitals, including the
regional trauma center
o Assisted living facilities (100+ senior
and residential care facilities housing
over 1,200 residents)
o Rehabilitation facilities
o Long-term care
o Hospice
• Six state highways covering more than
175 miles, 25 miles of which are
designated scenic highways.
• Ecosystem health and wildlife habitat,
including 224 known special -status
species, nine of which are endangered
and 10 of which are threatened.
• Water quality, including the Sacramento
River, Feather River, and associated
watersheds
• More than $2.5 billion in timberland
• Recreation areas, including parks,
campsites, and intricate trail systems
• Cultural sites and resources (see Tribal
Resources below)
• Air quality
• Storage of natural gas and other
flammable gases
• Bulk petroleum storage facility
• Large-diameter (12+ inch) high-pressure
gas and fuel oil pipelines
• Wastewater treatment plants
158
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 22 Table of Contents
• Agricultural product processing and
distribution facilities for tree nuts, rice, and
other crops
• Butte County Jail, Courthouse, and all city
and county government offices (City Hall,
Board of Supervisors, Sheriff, Treasurer, Hall
of Records, Clerk-Recorder, District
Attorney, etc.)
• Headquarters of local, state, and national
politicians
• Multi-story casino resort hotels
• Regional distribution hubs for FedEx, UPS,
Old Dominion Freight, Estes Express, and
others
• Multiple regional, national, and international
food and beverage product manufacturing,
packaging, and distribution centers
• Butte County Landfill
• Telecommunications facilities, including cell
and public safety radio towers, as well as
wildfire monitoring cameras
• Three general aviation airports, one being an
aerial firefighting base, and numerous
agricultural airstrips
Water infrastructure (left) and forested lands (right), examples of natural and socioeconomic resources within the Butte County CWPP planning area.
159
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 23 Table of Contents
Figure 2.7. Cultural and historic resources in the Butte County CWPP planning area. 160
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 24 Table of Contents
Figure 2.8. Bedrock mortars, a cultural resource found within the Butte County CWPP planning area.
161
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 25 Table of Contents
Figure 2.9. Natural resources in the Butte County CWPP planning area. 162
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 26 Table of Contents
Figure 2.10. Forested land, an example of a natural resource within the Butte County CWPP planning area.

Figure 2.11. The Oroville Dam and Hyatt Powerhouse, examples of socioeconomic resources within the Butte County CWPP planning area.

Source: Explore Butte (2024).
163
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 27 Table of Contents
Figure 2.12. Socioeconomic resources in the Butte County CWPP planning area. 164
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 28 Table of Contents

TIMBER INDUSTRY
The CWPP planning area encompasses approximately 200,000 acres of timberland located in the upper elevations of Butte County. These areas feature diverse ownership patterns, ranging from small landowners in the wildland-urban intermix to industrial landowners managing large, contiguous parcels within the SRA (Butte County n.d.a).

The timber industry in Butte County is a critical economic and environmental resource, supporting local jobs, supplying raw materials, and contributing to ecological services. However, wildfires pose significant threats to this industry. Risks include the loss of standing timber, diminished market value of fire-damaged wood, and disruptions to long-term forest regeneration. Severe wildfires can destroy young plantations and natural seedlings, delaying future harvests and undermining sustainable forestry cycles.

In addition to direct losses, the aftermath of wildfires often results in increased expenses for post-fire salvage operations, erosion control, and reforestation efforts. Damage to essential infrastructure, such as logging roads and sawmills, can further complicate recovery and escalate operational costs.

WATER INFRASTRUCTURE
Water infrastructure in Butte County, including reservoirs, treatment plants, pump stations, and distribution systems, is vital for providing clean drinking water, supporting agriculture, and maintaining ecological health (Butte County n.d.b). However, these systems face significant threats from wildfires, which can cause both direct and indirect damage with long-lasting consequences.

Direct impacts of wildfires include physical damage to treatment facilities, storage tanks, and distribution pipelines, particularly those made of plastic or other heat-sensitive materials. Aboveground infrastructure, such as intake structures and power supply systems for pumps, is especially vulnerable to high heat and flame exposure. Wildfire-related damage to vegetation and soil can also result in sedimentation and debris flows into reservoirs and watercourses, compromising water quality and increasing treatment costs.

Indirect consequences of wildfires include loss of vegetation in watershed areas, leading to increased erosion, reduced infiltration, and higher sediment loads in streams and reservoirs. These changes can impair water storage capacity and degrade water quality, often requiring extensive and expensive remediation efforts. Additionally, post-fire runoff may carry contaminants such as ash, heavy metals, and organic debris into water sources, posing risks to human health and aquatic ecosystems.

Water Availability and Supply
In Butte County, fire personnel rely on a diverse array of water sources to combat fires and respond to emergencies. The county’s water supply includes hydrants, tanks, ponds, cisterns, wells, streams, and ditches (Figure 2.13).

In urban areas, hydrants are strategically placed, and their maintenance is generally prioritized to ensure a reliable water supply during emergencies. However, even these systems are not immune to failures or design limitations, as was evidenced by the failure of Paradise’s hydrant system during the Camp Fire.

This forced firefighters to utilize alternative water sources to maintain their firefighting efforts (direct communication, CAL FIRE, 2025).
165
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 29 Table of Contents
Many unincorporated communities in the planning area are serviced by small private water districts— some with fewer than five hydrants—where maintenance and the ability to support sustained delivery of large volumes of water are significant concerns. For instance, the small water district in Butte Meadows experienced heavy strain during the Park Fire, as water tenders frequently refilled and stretched the district’s resources.

In rural areas, which encompass the vast majority of the county’s acreage, fire personnel often depend on drafting water from pre-positioned storage tanks, streams, ponds, or other natural sources.

The availability and condition of these water sources can vary greatly, particularly during dry seasons or droughts, when wells and streams may have significantly reduced water levels. Firefighters are trained to adapt to these conditions, using portable tanks and pumps to access water from unconventional sources as needed.

Figure 2.13. Diversion Pool after the Thompson Fire.

Source: Taylor Nilsson.

TRIBAL RESOURCES
Butte County is home to the historic territories of four Native American groups: the Maidu, the Nisenan, the Konkow, and the Yana. The Maidu territory is located at the boundary between the northern Sierra Nevada and the southern Cascade Range, encompassing mountain valleys from Honey Lake to Lassen Peak. The Nisenan territory extends from the banks of the Sacramento River across the lower Feather River drainages to the crest of the Sierra Nevada. The Konkow territory covers the Feather River area west of Rich Bar, stretching southwest almost to the Sutter Buttes, and includes the Sacramento River area from Butte City to Butte Meadows. The Yana territory spans from the edge of the Sacramento Valley eastward to the crest of the Cascades and northern Sierra (Butte County 2023).

This rich history of habitation has made Butte County notable for its array of both prehistoric and historic archaeological sites. The county has recorded 4,008 archaeological sites, of which 2,155 are prehistoric and 1,853 are from the historic period (it should be noted that the “historic” designation includes postcolonial history and includes resources not originating from tribal groups). This diversity and quantity of 166
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 30 Table of Contents
resources present underscores the importance of robust regulatory measures to protect them in collaboration with local Native American tribes. Policies outlined in the Conservation and Open Space Element of the Butte County General Plan (COS-14, COS-15, COS-16, and COS-17) require maintaining collaborative relationships with tribal representatives to ensure the identification, evaluation, protection, and respectful management of cultural, historical, archaeological, and tribal cultural resources during planning and development processes. This collaboration is crucial in ensuring that the cultural heritage and traditional practices of these tribes are preserved and respected in perpetuity (Butte County 2023).

AREA OF CONCERN
To better prioritize resilient landscape recommendations (see Table 6.1 in Chapter 6), the CWPP Core Team delineated broad areas of concern within the county (Figure 2.14) using a variety of mapping products and local expertise, wildland-urban interface (WUI), wildfire hazards, fuel models, and aerial imagery. The area of concern is used to demonstrate regions of the planning area that should be prioritized for mitigation actions to reduce risk to assets. This allows land managers and homeowners to better understand locations on the landscape that would benefit the most from wildfire mitigation and preparedness.

Open space in Butte County.
167
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 31 Table of Contents
Figure 2.14. Areas of concern for Butte County CWPP planning area. 168
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 32 Table of Contents

FUEL TREATMENT PROJECTS
CAL FIRE Butte Unit and other stakeholders lead an active and dedicated fuel treatment program across Butte County, as shown in Figure 2.15. This includes various fuel treatment projects on tall shrub and forested fuels and the implementation of prescribed herbivory (grazing) in grassland open spaces. This information is best shown in a web mapping application. Therefore, recommended and planned projects for this CWPP update are presented in more detail on the project hub site here:
https://butte-county-cwpp-buttecountygis.hub.arcgis.com/. Maps of this data are provided in Figures

2.15 through 2.19 below.

Table 2.5 provides a comprehensive summary of the acres of treated landscape in each community, categorized by their current status: Active, Complete, Complete in Maintenance, and Planned/Proposed.

This table offers a detailed overview of the ongoing, completed, and future projects aimed at managing and reducing fuels across various communities. The table is organized to show the total acres treated for each project within each community, allowing for a quick assessment of the progress and future plans in fuel reduction and landscape management initiatives. It should be noted that the acreages were determined by the community boundaries that were delineated for the field surveys (refer to Figure C.1 in Appendix C).

Key information for specific fuel treatment projects has been collected and is available in Appendix I, Table I.1. This includes essential details for each project, such as the project name, responsible agency, current status, expected or actual completion year, types of treatments applied, and the area covered in acres. It is important to note that not all cooperating entities within the county have the capacity to provide geographically referenced projects.
169
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 33 Table of Contents
Table 2.5. Acreage and Status of Treated Landscapes
Community Planned/Proposed
(acres)
Active
(acres)
Complete in
Maintenance
(acres)
Complete
(acres)
CWPP planning area 48,557 147,234 599 19,884
Bangor/Rackerby - 231 78 346
Berry Creek 471 22,195 - 2,027
Big Bend 215 12,162 - 171
Biggs/Gridley 282 2,025 - 6
Butte Creek Canyon - 109 - 58
Butte Meadows 17 - - 101
Butte Valley 105 2,924 - 114
Chico 17 545 34 1
Clipper Mills 345 1,696 - 1,146
Cohasset 2,818 9,039 - 1,352
Concow 1,682 32,150 - 1,174
East Oroville 2,638 3,114 46 2,670
Feather Falls 446 482 - 660
Forbestown 3 - - 154
Forest Ranch 3,641 2,300 6 1,691
Honcut - 8 - -
Hurleton 563 284 314 498
Inskip 149 - - 13
Jonesville - - - 68
Magalia/Paradise
Pines/De Sabla 1,796 4,932 - 2,897
Oroville 133 44 80 35
Palermo 1,855 1 - 175
Paradise 11,576 14,750 - 544
Pentz 482 1,315 - 61
Richardson Springs 4,210 1,207 - 51
Robinson Mill 355 235 122 937
Stirling City - - - 206
Swedes - 473 - 366
Table Mountain/
Cherokee
2,097 3,452 - -
Thermalito 2,128 1,089 - 171
Yankee Hill 451 8,161 - 138
170
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 34 Table of Contents
Figure 2.15. Completed fuel treatments within the Butte County CWPP planning area. 171
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 35 Table of Contents
Figure 2.16. Active and planned fuel treatments in the Butte County CWPP planning area, map 1 of 4.
172
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 36 Table of Contents
Figure 2.17. Active and planned fuel treatments in the Butte County CWPP planning area, map 2 of 4.
173
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 37 Table of Contents
Figure 2.18. Active and planned fuel treatments in the Butte County CWPP planning area, map 3 of 4.
174
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 38 Table of Contents
Figure 2.19. Active and planned fuel treatments in the Butte County CWPP planning area, map 4 of 4.
175
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 39 Table of Contents

EVACUATION RESOURCES AND CHALLENGES
PEOPLE
In Butte County, the Sheriff’s Department holds the primary responsibility for issuing evacuation orders.

To facilitate efficient and safe evacuations, the County has implemented a zone-based system. This system streamlines the process, ensuring evacuations are conducted in an organized manner. More information about these evacuation zones can be accessed here: https://bereadybutte.com/know-yourzone/.

For general evacuation information and resources, residents can visit the Butte County evacuation site here: https://www.buttecounty.net/2081/Evacuation-Information.

Butte County uses the Code Red notification system to inform residents of wildfire threats and other emergency situations. These alerts are delivered via text messages, ensuring timely communication during critical events. Residents can sign up for Code Red here: https://public.coderedweb.com/CNE/enUS/BFA19C579EA5 In addition, Butte County has developed community evacuation plans and maps for several communities.

These plans and maps can be accessed here: https://bereadybutte.com/evacuation-plans-by-community/.

Butte County has also developed emergency preparedness guides for people with disabilities and access and functional needs. These resources can be accessed here:
https://www.buttecounty.net/802/Considerations-for-Persons-with-Disabili.

Moreover, the County has established the Community Emergency Response Team, an all-volunteer, nonprofit organization operating under the Butte County Sheriff's Office. The Community Emergency Response Team supports the Sheriff’s Office's mission by providing essential services during emergencies. Volunteers participate in public outreach, educating the community on emergency preparedness, and assist with critical tasks such as delivering supplies, staffing call centers, and managing the emergency notification system.

Disclaimer: Local, County, and State law enforcement evacuation notices should always be followed and supersede any guidance and evacuation information in this CWPP.

ANIMALS AND LIVESTOCK
Butte County Animal Control offers evacuation services and shelter for both large and small animals during disasters. These services support families who are either displaced from their homes or temporarily unable to care for their animals due to emergency situations. In the event of a disaster or emergency, current information on animal evacuations and sheltering can be accessed through the Butte County Public Health Department's Facebook and X (Twitter) pages. Butte County has also developed emergency preparedness guides for animals, including pets and livestock. These resources are linked below.

Animal emergency preparedness guides:
• https://www.buttecounty.net/800/Considerations-for-Animals • https://www.buttecounty.net/639/Animal-Emergencies-Preparedness 176
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 40 Table of Contents
The North Valley Animal Disaster Group provides animal evacuation, rescue, and shelter-in-place services in Butte County. More information can be found on their website: https://www.nvadg.org/.

Several local organizations contribute to animal rescue and care during emergencies. Friends United in Rescue, Inc. (FUR) specializes in providing shelter and adoption services for cats, particularly those impacted by disasters. Wags and Whiskers Pet Rescue is a no-kill rescue organization dedicated to rescuing, rehabilitating, and finding homes for animals in need. The Chico Animal Shelter offers essential services such as lost-and-found assistance, adoptions, and care for pets during emergency situations. • Friends United in Rescue, Inc. (FUR): https://www.friendsunitedinrescue.org/ • Wags and Whiskers Pet Rescue: https://www.wagsandwhiskerspetrescue.com/ • The Chico Animal Shelter: http://www.chicoanimalshelter.org/ Agricultural Pass Program
Butte County's Agricultural Pass (Ag Pass) program was developed with local agencies to allow livestock owners essential access to care for their animals during restricted access times, such as wildfires.

The program is designed to enable commercial livestock operators to feed, water, transport, and medically treat their animals when emergencies occur. The following is an overview of the process:

1. Eligibility: The program is available to commercial cattle operators with over 50 head and commercial beekeepers with more than 50 hives.

2. Application: Eligible operators apply for the Ag Pass through the Butte County Agricultural Department. This process includes verification of eligibility and completion of required training.

3. Training: Applicants must complete the U.S. Fire Administration’s Introduction to Wildland Fire Behavior (S-190) training, which helps them understand fire behavior and safely navigate restricted areas.

4. Issuance: Upon completing the application and training, operators receive an Ag Pass, allowing limited access to their properties during emergencies for essential animal care tasks.

5. Access: In an emergency, passholders must request entry from public safety officials. The pass does not guarantee re-entry, as safety remains the priority. Public safety officials will assess conditions before granting access.

For more information, please visit the following links:
https://ucanr.edu/sites/Rangelands/2020_Commercial_Livestock_Disaster_Pass_and_Disaster_Prepared ness_Training/
https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/AHFSS/Animal_Health/eprs/docs/livestock_agricultural_pass_program_process. pdf
177
Page | 41 Table of Contents
CHAPTER 3 – FIRE

ENVIRONMENT

WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE
The wildland-urban interface (WUI) is composed of both interface and intermix communities and is defined as areas where human habitation and development meet or intermix with wildland fuels (U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA] 2001:752– 753). Interface areas include housing developments that meet or are in the vicinity of continuous vegetation. Intermix areas are those areas where structures are scattered throughout a wildland area where the cover of continuous vegetation and fuels is often greater than cover by human habitation. For simplicity, Figure 3.1 below shows both interface and intermix areas combined as general WUI with an influence zone extension, totaling 165,632 acres of land in Butte County. The influence zone is described with respect to wildland and urban fire; it is an area with a set of conditions that facilitate the opportunity for fire to burn from wildland fuels to the home and or structure ignition zone (Community Wildfire Planning Center 2021).

According to the HFRA, the WUI can be defined and delineated by a CWPP. Additionally, the CAL FIRE California CWPP Guide/Toolkit requires that CWPPs identify and map the WUI. The WUI boundaries for this plan were established using a comprehensive approach that integrated pertinent data and regional expert insights. Key elements included using CAL FIRE’s Fire and Resource Assessment Program (FRAP) 2019 wildland-urban interface and intermix data as an initial framework, with additional areas identified through analysis of structures and parcels and fine-scale adjustments from local fire management experts. A 1.5-mile buffer was added to the boundary to represent the influence zone.
178
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 42 Table of Contents
Figure 3.1. Butte County CWPP planning area WUI map.

The 2019 FRAP WUI mapping, which serves as the foundation for defining the WUI in the Butte County CWPP, is available for viewing in PDF format here: https://34c031f8-c9fd-4018-8c5a-4159cdff6b0d-cdn-endpoint.azureedge.net/-/media/calfirewebsite/what-we-do/fire-resource-assessment-program---frap/pdf-maps/wildland-urban-interface2019.pdf?rev=e44c740c777940c6bda816c42c886c87&hash=52A9A0873B1CBF3E468DC52D4E5CB5B5 179
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 43 Table of Contents

WUI LAND USE
California cities and counties face pressing challenges in providing safe, affordable housing. By 2030, an estimated 2.5 million homes will be needed to meet demand, with at least 1 million for low-income households (California Department of Housing and Community Development 2022). Many new units are being built near wildland areas, contributing to WUI conditions where more than 46 million residences across 70,000 communities are now at risk of wildfire (U.S. Fire Administration 2021a). The 2018 Strategic Fire Plan for California indicates a steep rise in structures lost to wildfires, reflecting the vulnerability of the WUI (CAL FIRE 2018a).

The WUI, California's fastest-growing area for housing development, presents both environmental and social challenges, increasing wildfire risks and habitat fragmentation. Housing affordability has pushed diverse populations—including but not limited to farmers, ranchers, Indigenous populations, commuters, and retirees—into more exurban areas, adding to the vulnerability of historically marginalized groups exposed to these environmental hazards (Greenberg et al. 2023; University of California, Santa Cruz 2024).

ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL IGNITABILITY
Wildfires can ignite homes and structures through three main avenues: embers (firebrands), direct flames, and radiant heat. Embers, small pieces of burning material, account for the majority of home ignitions during wildfires, contributing to 60% to 90% of these incidents. When embers are lofted into the air, they become what are known as firebrands, which can land on combustible materials and ignite new fires far ahead of the wildfire front, creating a secondary fire (Figure 3.2). Direct flame contact occurs when flames, either from the wildfire or nearby ignited combustible materials, reach a structure. Lastly, radiant heat from burning materials, even without direct flame contact, can ignite homes if they are close enough (CAL FIRE 2024c).

To mitigate the risk of structural ignitability, it is crucial to create defensible space and harden homes.

Defensible space, the buffer zone around a structure,
helps slow down or stop the spread of fire. In Butte
County, compliance with Public Resources Code
(PRC) 4291 and Butte County's Fire Prevention and
Protection Ordinance (Chapter 38A) is essential.

These regulations require homeowners to maintain
the first 5 feet around the structure, known as the
"Ember Ignition Zone," free of combustible materials
in addition to 30- and 100-foot zones with reduced
fuel loading. Using fire-resistant landscaping, such as low-growing, high-moisture plants, and keeping roofs,
gutters, and other surfaces free of debris can
significantly reduce the risk of ember ignitions (CAL FIRE 2024c).

California’s Chapter 7A of the Building Code further strengthens wildfire defenses by mandating fireresistant construction materials and methods for homes in designated wildfire hazard zones. These standards, which apply to new structures in areas identified as increased hazard zones, focus on minimizing the chance of ignition from embers or radiant heat by using materials like fire-resistant roofing, exterior walls, and decking. By following these regulations and creating defensible space, homeowners can significantly increase their structure's chances of survival during a wildfire (CAL FIRE 2024d).

Example of good defensible space.
180
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 44 Table of Contents
For more information on local and state codes and ordinances that establish defensible space standards and regulate the use of building materials, please visit Appendix A.

For guidance, tools, and strategies to help homeowners and community members reduce wildfire risks through mitigation, please see Appendix F.

Figure 3.2. Factors associated with embers (firebrands) on the landscape.

Note: Vegetation type, wind, and topography all influence ember production and travel distances.

Source: Martin and Hillen (2016).

FIRE ECOLOGY

FIRE RETURN INTERVALS
Fire return intervals, the natural cycle of fire through an ecosystem, are crucial for maintaining ecological health, preventing catastrophic fires, and promoting biodiversity. These intervals vary by vegetation type, each tailored to the ecosystem's resilience and fire tolerance. In Butte County, managing fire return intervals is crucial for restoring and maintaining forest health and resilience. Historically, frequent, lowto moderate-intensity fires, including wildfires and cultural burns by Indigenous communities, shaped the county's landscapes, promoting biodiversity and reducing catastrophic wildfire risks (Butte County Resource Conservation District [RCD] 2022).

Specifically, regular fire cycles reduce accumulated ground fuels, such as dead wood, dry grasses, and leaf litter. Without periodic burns, fuel buildup can transform low-severity fire ecosystems into regions highly susceptible to catastrophic burns. Fire-adapted species, like blue oaks and certain hardwoods, rely on low- to moderate-intensity fires to trigger germination, enhance acorn production, and recycle nutrients through biochar. Additionally, fire acts as a natural control mechanism for pests and diseases, thinning overly crowded areas and helping trees access more sunlight and resources, thus strengthening forest resilience to threats like bark beetles and other pathogens (Butte County RCD 2022). 181
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 45 Table of Contents
Figure 3.3 below outlines the estimated theoretical fire return intervals of Butte County. Fire return intervals are inherently challenging to define accurately, and many Butte County residents, land managers, and tribal leaders believe that the data often suggest intervals that are too lengthy for the region. Tribal leaders have advocated for much shorter intervals, with some recommending an annual burn cycle as a critical goal for maintaining ecosystem health.

This mapping exercise (Figure 3.3) presents an analysis of vegetation in Butte County and its relationship with the fire return interval. As a fire-adapted environment, Butte County's local vegetation relies on periodic burning or treatment to maintain its health. The mapping process utilized USFS data and expert opinions.

The transition from foothills to grassland ecosystems occurs near State Routes 99 and 70 (see data layer cut-off). In predominantly grassland environments, the fire return interval is less critical, as grass fuels can be managed with greater flexibility, allowing for adjustments in response to current conditions.

It is crucial to note that these fire return intervals are starting points and should be adjusted by local communities and experts to reflect the local consensus on appropriate fire return intervals. This underscores the need for ongoing fire management practices to mitigate wildfire risks.

It is also important to note that Figure 3.3 displays the estimated theoretical fire return interval, while Figure 3.4 shows the actual fire return interval. Figure 3.4 was created by analyzing large fires (over 500 acres) occurring from 1900 to 2024.

Forested lands outside of Forbestown, Butte County.
182
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 46 Table of Contents
Figure 3.3. Estimated theoretical fire return interval throughout the Butte County CWPP planning area.
183
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 47 Table of Contents
Figure 3.4. Actual fire return interval in the Butte County CWPP planning area based on large fires (500+ acres) occurring from 1900 to 2024.
184
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 48 Table of Contents
Forest Zones and Fire Regimes
Butte County's forest communities are diverse and play a crucial role in the region's ecological balance and wildfire management. These communities can generally be divided into three zones: Blue Oak, Sierran Mixed Hardwood, and Mixed Conifer Woodland. Although these zones are typically associated with specific elevations, it should be noted that their distribution can vary due to landscape features, recent fire events, and shifting climatic trends.

At elevations between 100 and 1,500 feet, the Blue Oak Zone features resilient blue oak woodlands unique to California’s Central Valley. Low-intensity fires, occurring every 5 to 10 years, are vital for these woodlands, promoting acorn production and minimizing undergrowth to maintain an open structure.

This frequent fire regime helps manage fuel loads and supports biodiversity.

Between 1,200 to 4,000 feet lies the Sierran Mixed Hardwood Zone, a diverse mixture of hardwoods and conifers, such as California black oak (Quercus kelloggii), tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus), madrone (Arbutus menziesii), bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Fire plays a significant role in this zone by preventing conifers from becoming overly dominant and creating gaps for hardwood species. The fire return interval here ranges from 3 to 20 years, sustaining an open forest structure and preventing high-density conifer encroachment that can increase wildfire intensity.

At elevations above 4,000 feet, the Mixed Conifer Woodland Zone comprises a complex assembly of conifers such as sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens), and white fir (Abies concolor), with dense, multi-layered canopies and rich understories. Oak species may also be present, particularly on south-facing slopes. Fire is critical in these woodlands for reducing fuel loads, creating snags for wildlife habitat, and clearing space for new growth.

The fire return interval varies from 10 to 50 years, reflecting the variability in terrain and climate. Regular fire management within this range promotes a resilient forest structure by creating clearings, reducing dead material, and supporting diverse species regeneration (BCFSC 2020; Butte County RCD 2022).

Figure 3.4 uses historic wildfire data (1900–2024) and geoprocessing tools to quantify the areas where large fires frequently occur within the Butte County CWPP planning area. This analysis reveals that fires commonly recur in the oak woodlands along the mid-elevation foothill areas, as well as in some highelevation regions dominated by Mixed Sierran Conifer and Montane Hardwood communities. Both portions of the planning area are identified as having generally frequent fire return intervals, as estimated in Figure 3.3.

VEGETATION AND LAND COVER
Vegetation Types
Butte County contains many distinct vegetation types (Figure 3.5), with Sierran mixed conifer, montane hardwood, blue oak woodland, blue oak-foothill pine, and ponderosa pine constituting the majority in tree-dominated areas; annual grasslands comprising the majority in herbaceous habitats; and mixed chaparral making up the majority of shrub habitats in the county (Table 3.1). Vegetation types in the county that are less than 1% of the land area are not listed in the table below.

Vegetation data were gathered from CAL FIRE's Fire and Resource Assessment Program (FRAP).

Through the FRAP program, CAL FIRE collaborates with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife's (CDFW’s) VegCamp program and uses data from the USFS Region 5 Remote Sensing Laboratory to compile the "best available" land cover data for California into a comprehensive statewide dataset. 185
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 49 Table of Contents
The dataset, spanning from approximately 1990 to the present, integrates the most current, detailed, and consistent data collected from various regions across the state. The vegetation data source is available here: https://gis.data.ca.gov/maps/CALFIRE-Forestry::california-vegetation-whrtype/about. A complete list of all vegetation/habitat descriptions can be accessed here: https://wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CWHR/WildlifeHabitats.

Common grass, shrub, and tree mix in Butte County.
186
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 50 Table of Contents
Table 3.1. CWPP Planning Area Vegetation Types
Vegetation/Habitat Type Primary Species/Elements Acreage Percent of Planning Area
Tree-Dominated
Habitats
Sierran Mixed Conifer Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, white fir 176,659.1 15.6 Montane Hardwood Canyon live oak, California black oak, Oregon white oak 82,716.6 7.3 Blue Oak Woodland Blue oak, interior live oak, California buckeye 78,475.4 6.9 Blue Oak-Foothill Pine Foothill pine, blue oak, interior live oak 62,249.1 5.8 Ponderosa Pine Ponderosa pine, Jeffrey pine, Douglas-fir 62,689.1 5.5 Montane Hardwood-Conifer Ponderosa pine, incense cedar, California black oak 51,817.3 4.6 Douglas Fir Douglas-fir, tanoak, ponderosa pine 30,219.7 2.7 Valley Foothill Riparian Cottonwood, sycamore, valley oak 15,287.4 1.3 Shrub-Dominated
Habitats
Mixed Chaparral Scrub oak, ceanothus species, manzanita species 25,528.3 2.2 Montane Chaparral Ceanothus species, manzanita species, bitter cherry 13,317.0 1.2 HerbaceousDominated
Habitats
Annual Grassland Wild oats, soft chess, brome species 144,115.9 12.7 Fresh Emergent Wetland Cattail, bulrush, redroot nutgrass 26,470.5 2.3 Aquatic Habitats Lacustrine Plankton, duckweed, water lilies 17,196.7 1.5 Developed
Habitats
Rice Rice 105,407.1 9.3
Deciduous Orchard Almonds, walnuts, peaches 99,292.0 8.8 Urban Grass lawns, ornamental trees, hedges 49,915.4 4.4 Cropland Tomatoes, corn, wheat 38,720.7 3.4
All Other Types -- -- 51,627.4 4.5
187
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 51 Table of Contents
Figure 3.5. Vegetation types across the Butte County CWPP planning area. 188
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 52 Table of Contents
Fuels
In Butte County, the predominant fuel types are a mixture of grasslands, timber understory, and grass-shrub
combinations, each contributing to the area's fire risk (Table 3.2; Figure 3.6). The following discussion highlights the most common fuel types found in the planning area,
providing insight into the landscape's composition, using the Scott and Burgan 2005 fire behavior fuel model to
describe fuels within the planning area (Scott and Burgan 2005).

The most widespread fuel type is GR2, a grass fuel type covering approximately 239,792 acres (~21% of the
planning area). This type consists of fine fuels that dry out quickly and can lead to fast-moving surface fires, particularly in open areas. Grassland fuels are common across the valleys and lower elevations, and though they burn with less intensity than timber fuels in general, they can contribute to high fire spread potential during the dry season.

Timber understory fuel types (primarily TU5 and TU1) account for about 234,203 acres (~21% of the planning area). This fuel type typically consists of grasses and shrubs beneath forested canopies and occurs at a greater frequency as elevation rises moving east across the county. Fire behavior in these areas tends to vary depending on understory density, but it generally involves surface fire that can transition to more intense crown fires in the presence of connective fuels (e.g., hanging branches, snags, etc.) or when conditions are favorable for more intense fire behavior.

Grass-shrub fuels (primarily GS2) cover about 89,434 acres (~8% of the planning area). These fuels often occur in transitional zones between grasslands and shrub-dominated regions, particularly at midelevations. While fires in these fuel types are generally less intense, they can facilitate swift wildfire spread and serve a connective zone for fire to spread into areas with greater fire behavior potential.

Nonburnable areas (primarily NB3 and NB1) also make up a considerable portion of the planning area, with NB3 (urban development) covering about 101,702 acres (9% of the planning area) and NB1 (bare ground) covering 68,148 acres (~6% of the planning area). These areas include developed regions or landscapes with minimal vegetation and do not typically contribute to wildfire spread.

Timber litter (primarily TL6, TL3, TL4) is another notable fuel type, comprising approximately 124,445 acres (~11% of the planning area). These areas, often found in forested regions at high elevations, consist of fallen leaves, branches, and other debris. While they are not as fast to ignite as grass or shrub fuels, timber litter can sustain longer-duration fires that smolder and reignite under favorable conditions.

Shrub fuels (primarily SH4) account for about 41,890 acres (~4%) and are often found in the higher elevations of the county. These fuels, particularly when dense, can burn intensely and contribute to more hazardous fire behavior.

While these are the dominant fuels within Butte County, other fuel types of various shrub and grass combinations play secondary roles in the fire landscape. As with all fuel types, the specific behavior of fires in these areas depends on factors like fuel density, weather, and terrain.

It’s important to note that recent fires are not captured in the existing LANDFIRE fuels data set.

To account for recent fire impacts, the fuels layer was revised to include the 2024 Park, Thompson, Standing dead timber fuel outside of
Yankee Hill, Butte County.
189
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 53 Table of Contents
Junes, and Apache Fire perimeters. Within these areas, grass, shrub, and timber understory layers were adjusted to reflect reduced rates of spread and shorter flame lengths, aligning with post-fire conditions.

These adjustments were guided by LANDFIRE calibrations used for the 2021 Dixie and 2020 North Complex Fire, projecting likely fire behavior over the next 3 to 5 years as vegetation recovers.

Table 3.2. Scott and Burgan 2005 Fuel Model Classes within the Butte County CWPP Planning Area
Existing Fuel Type Acres
Portion of
Planning Area
(%)
GR2- Moderately coarse continuous grass. 239,792 21.1
TU5- Fuelbed is high load conifer litter with shrub understory. 138,643 12.2 NB3- Agricultural field, maintained in nonburnable condition. 101,702 9.0 TU- Fuelbed is low load of grass and/or shrub with litter. 95,559 8.4 GS2- Shrubs are 1 to 3 feet high, moderate grass load. 89,434 7.9 NB1- Urban or suburban development (nonburnable). 68,148 6.0 TL6- Moderate load, less compact. Spread rate moderate; flame length low. 46,496 4.1 SH2- Moderate shrub fuel load. 41,890 3.7
TL3- Moderate load conifer litter. 39,645 3.5
TL4- Moderate load conifer litter, includes small-diameter downed logs. 38,305 3.4 All Other 234,579 20.7
Total 1,134,193 100
Note: “Other” represents the summation of the minor fuel components (TL2, GS1, TL8, NB8, SH4, TL1, TL7, GR3, NB9, TU2, TU3, GR1, SH5, TL5, TL9, SH1, SH3, SH7) found within Butte County. 190
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 54 Table of Contents
Figure 3.6. Fuel model classes across the Butte County CWPP planning area. 191
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 55 Table of Contents
Topography
The topography of Butte County significantly influences fire behavior, with elevations ranging from 60 feet in the valley to over 7,000 feet in the mountainous regions. The county is characterized by its division into two primary topographical features: the flat grasslands and farmland of the Sacramento Valley to the west, and the foothills and mountainous regions of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Mountains to the east.

The western portion of Butte County features flat landscapes that transition into rolling foothills moving eastward. In contrast, the eastern part of the county is composed of notably rugged terrain, characterized by steep slopes, dense timber, and dry conditions, creating a landscape conducive to extreme fire behavior, including long flame lengths, high rates of spread, and long-range spotting. This eastern region, with its intermix of woodland fuels and residential areas, presents a significant WUI problem, where wildland fires threaten both vegetation and homes.

Butte County’s foothills and mountains are carved by several river drainages, the largest being the Feather River watershed, which culminates in Lake Oroville. The Feather River watersheds include the West Branch of the North Fork east of Paradise, the North Fork separating Yankee Hill from Berry Creek, the Middle Fork separating Berry Creek and Feather Falls, and the South Fork separating Feather Falls from Forbestown and the La Porte Road communities.

The northern part of Butte County is bisected by Butte Creek to the west of the Town of Paradise and by Big Chico Creek, which separates the Forest Ranch and Cohasset ridges.

The topography in these drainages varies significantly from the deep and steep, heavily timbered drainages of the Feather River watershed to the moderately steep, wide, and generally brush-filled Butte Creek and Chico Creek drainages. These drainages are oriented toward south and west aspects, leading to prolonged sun exposure and diminished fuel moisture in the wildland fuels, further influencing fire behavior in the region (direct communication, CAL FIRE, 2024)

CLIMATE
Butte County experiences a climatic gradient driven by elevation, with distinct weather characteristics at different altitudes. This is represented by data from remote automated weather stations (RAWS) near a selection of communities that collectively represent the three general elevation zones of the County.

Monthly temperature and precipitation trends from Humbug Summit, Jarbo Gap, and Openshaw RAWS are shown in Figures 3.7, 3.8, and 3.9.

The Openshaw RAWS, located between Oroville and Chico off Highway 149 at an elevation of approximately 250 feet, is representative of the climate in the lower elevations of the county. This area experiences a Mediterranean lowland climate with an annual mean temperature of 64.3°F. Summers are hot, averaging 83.1°F in July, with daily highs often exceeding 100°F, while winters are mild, with January averages around 49°F. Precipitation is moderate, with an annual total mean of 30.7 inches, primarily occurring from January to March, and nearly no rainfall during the summer. This climate is characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wetter winters, which is typical of the lower-elevation foothill regions of Butte County (Western Regional Climate Center 2025).

At around 2,500 feet, the Jarbo Gap RAWS near Yankee Hill captures the transitional climate between foothill and mid-elevation areas. This station records an annual mean temperature of 59.2°F. Summers are warm but less intense than at lower elevations, with July temperatures averaging 78.9°F, while winters are cooler, averaging 45.1°F in January, with occasional frost. Jarbo Gap receives significantly 192
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 56 Table of Contents
higher precipitation, with an annual total mean of 53.4 inches, with wetter periods occurring from November through March (Western Regional Climate Center 2025).

At the highest elevations, the Humbug Summit RAWS, located near the peaks surrounding Butte Meadows at around 6,700 feet, represents the high-elevation montane climate. This area has an annual mean temperature of 44.2°F, with mostly temperate summers averaging 65.1°F in July and cold winters averaging 30.3°F in January. Precipitation at this station is the lowest of the three stations considered, with an annual total mean of 22.5 inches, much of which is snowfall during the winter months (Western Regional Climate Center 2025).

Table 3.3. Mean Annual Temperature and Precipitation from RAWS in the Butte County CWPP Planning Area
Openshaw CA RAWS
(2014–2025)
Jarbo Gap CA RAWs
(2003–2025)
Humbug Summit CA RAWS
(2012–2024)
Month Avg. Temp.
(°F)
Avg. Precip.
(inches)
Avg. Temp.
(°F)
Avg. Precip.
(inches)
Avg. Temp.
(°F)
Avg. Precip.
(inches)
January 49.1 4.7 45.1 8.2 30.3 3.2
February 51.3 4.4 46.3 8.5 30.8 1.2
March 54.5 3.6 48.9 9.0 32.0 2.0
April 61.8 3.1 54.1 4.1 37.0 1.2
May 69.3 5.2 62.3 2.4 44.6 1.4
June 78.6 0.1 71.3 0.7 57.5 0.7
July 83.1 0.0 78.9 0.1 65.1 0.5
August 80.6 0.1 77.1 0.1 63.3 0.3
September 75.5 0.5 71.7 0.6 56.4 0.9
October 66.5 1.2 61.3 3.3 46.7 2.4
November 53.5 2.9 49.9 5.6 35.9 3.3
December 48.2 4.9 44.0 10.8 31.2 3.7
Total Annual
Avg.

64.3 30.7 59.2 53.4 44.2 22.5
Source: Western Regional Climate Center (2025)

193
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan

Figure 3.7. Monthly average temperature and precipitation trends for Openshaw, California, based on RAWS data from 2014 to 2025.

Source: Western Regional Climate Center (2025)
Figure 3.8. Monthly average temperature and precipitation trends for Jarbo Gap, California, based on RAWS data from 2003 to 2025.

Source: Western Regional Climate Center (2025)
Page | 57 Table of Contents 194

2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan

Figure 3.9. Monthly average temperature and precipitation trends for Humbug Summit, California, based on RAWS data from 2012 to 2024.

Source: Western Regional Climate Center (2025)
Regional Weather Patterns
Butte County's weather patterns are significantly influenced by its diverse topography, which includes a network of ridges and major canyons such as Butte Creek Canyon and the Feather River Canyon. These canyons create microclimates with unique wind patterns that can have a profound impact on fire behavior.

The interaction between the hot air from the central valley and the cool air descending from the Sierra Nevada creates wind patterns that can facilitate rapid fire spread and increasing the difficulty of fire suppression.

These types of patterns are demonstrated across local phenomena such as the "Jarbo Winds," which are a notable example of how the Feather River Canyon can affect local wind patterns. These nightly downcanyon winds typically peak in the early morning hours, often with gusts of over 50 miles per hour.

Additionally, the North Winds and Delta Breeze have a significant impact on the valley areas. These wind patterns influence both temperature and humidity. The North Winds bring air to the valley from the northern mountains, which compresses as it descends to the valley floor, causing heating and drying.

This warming process creates an additional vacuum effect, drawing even more warm, dry air from the north to fill the void. This perpetuating cycle can result in sustained wind speeds of over 20 miles per hour, with gusts exceeding 40 miles per hour. Under different atmospheric conditions, valley heating can draw cool, moist air from the San Francisco Bay and Delta region. While this Delta Breeze air is typically cooler and more humid, it can also produce sustained wind speeds of over 10 miles per hour, which may pose challenges for fire control.

In addition to these wind patterns, both the North Winds and Delta Breeze contribute to the relatively predictable diurnal up- and down-canyon flows. These flows can cause flames that burn uphill during the day to change course and burn downhill at night (St. John et al. 2018; personal communication, CAL FIRE, 2023).

In the higher elevations of Butte County, different microclimates emerge where shaded canyons and north-facing slopes experience a more moderate temperature and increased soil moistures compared to the more exposed south-facing slopes. These areas often have denser vegetation, which can be less Page | 58 Table of Contents 195
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 59 Table of Contents
flammable during wetter months but can also contribute to significant fuel loads during dry periods. During drought conditions, this dense vegetation becomes more flammable, posing a considerable fire risk (National Integrated Drought Information System 2024). South- and west-facing slopes, which receive prolonged sun exposure, further reduce fuel moisture levels and increase the likelihood of intense fires (CAL FIRE 2024i).

These local weather patterns are crucial in understanding and predicting fire behavior in Butte County, highlighting the need for detailed monitoring and strategic planning to mitigate fire risks effectively.

FOREST HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS
Drought and Climate Change
The shifting climate, particularly rising temperatures, changing wind patterns, and increasing temporal and spatial variability of water availability, are considerably escalating wildfire risk across California.

The recurrence of severe fire weather during the autumn months has more than doubled in California since the 1980s, and considering climate change, this prevalence is projected to increase in the future.

As stated by California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment, if greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase, California is expected to experience a 50% increase in fires larger than 25,000 acres, as well as a potential 77% increase in average area burned, by 2100.

The state has already begun to encounter the impacts of increased fire occurrence and severity; the five largest wildfires in California occurred in the last 6 years, including the 2024 Park Fire (429,603 acres), the 2020 August Complex Fire (1,032,648 acres), and the 2021 Dixie Fire (963,309 acres), burning a combined total of nearly 2.5 million acres and destroying over 2,700 structures (CAL FIRE 2024f).

In 2024, a total of 1,505,012 acres were burned by wildfire in California (CAL FIRE 2025a).

In addition to direct damage (e.g., structure and property damage), uncharacteristically large and severe wildfires also cause indirect impacts to the environment and ecosystem services. Wildfires are known to deteriorate local and regional air quality, pollute waterways, displace native species (animal and plant), and increase greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide emissions (California Governor’s Office of Planning and Research [Cal OPR] 2019).

It is important to note that fire is a natural part of California’s diverse landscapes and is essential to many ecosystems across the state. Almost all of California’s diverse ecosystems are fire-dependent or fireadapted (CDFW 2021a). Frequent, uncharacteristically large, high-severity wildfires are the primary source of the catastrophic damage listed above.

Insects and Disease
Insect epidemics are a natural disturbance within plant communities, much like wildfires. Of particular concern are native insects that attack tree species, as they have significant implications for fire management. In addition to native pests, exotic or invasive species pose an increasing threat to forest ecosystems. Invasive species often face few natural enemies in their new locations, leading to rapid population growth and competition with native species.

In California’s forests, insect epidemics have been persistent, particularly in the wake of extreme and prolonged droughts. This tree death is closely linked to drought stress and bark beetle infestations (USFS 2023). The aftermath of these insect outbreaks can create hazardous fire conditions, with the effect on fire behavior varying depending on how long ago the trees were killed and the amount of fuel left behind.

In forests with high levels of mortality, especially where dead needles remain in the canopy, extreme fire 196
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 60 Table of Contents
behavior becomes more likely. The buildup of dead fuels also increases the difficulty of fire suppression efforts, while snags—dead, standing trees—pose significant risks to firefighting crews.

In addition to insect threats, diseases, such as parasitic plants, fungi, and bacteria, also pose challenges to the health and productivity of forests, such as those in the Lassen and Plumas National Forests. Trees killed by disease contribute to increased fire hazards, similar to those impacted by insect infestations, adding to the complexity of fire management in these areas.

Tree Mortality
Rising temperatures, overcrowding, extensive droughts, extreme wildfires, and insect outbreaks have contributed to widespread tree mortality in the region and nearby forests, i.e., Plumas and Lassen National Forests (University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources [UC ANR] 2024). Tree mortality is a natural ecological process; however, if many trees die in a brief time period over large regions, forest health may be negatively affected. The U.S. Forest Service’s (USFS’s) 2023 statewide aerial survey revealed tree mortality over 2.4 million acres out of 38.2 million acres surveyed. Butte County was significantly impacted, with an estimated 130,000 dead trees identified across 34,000 acres during the survey (USFS 2023).

In addition to disrupting ecosystem functions, widespread tree mortality near developed or recreational areas presents hazards as they can fall and potentially endanger the public and infrastructure (National Park Service 2021). Furthermore, the level of risk posed by hazard trees is contingent on the amount of time that has passed since the individual or population has died and the amount of fuel that has fallen to the forest floor. Any increase in tree mortality results in increased fuel loading, which contributes to the potential for high-severity fire and extreme fire behavior in the region (UC ANR 2020).

CAL FIRE’s High Hazard Tree Mortality Zones
On October 30, 2015, Governor Brown issued an emergency declaration directing public agencies to identify areas of tree mortality that pose the greatest risk of wildfire or falling trees, thereby threatening people and property. Once identified, these areas are prioritized for the removal of dead and dying trees to safeguard public safety (CAL FIRE 2021).

Tier One High Hazard Zones are areas where significant tree mortality overlaps critical assets that require protection. Designated by state and local governments, these zones are considered the highest priority for tree removal in accordance with Governor Brown’s 2015 Emergency Declaration. Tier Two High Hazard Zones are defined by watersheds with significant tree mortality and important community and natural resource assets. These zones address the immediate threats of falling trees and fire risk.

Additionally, they support broader forest health and landscape-level fire planning efforts (CAL FIRE 2021; California Natural Resources Agency 2022). Tier One and Two High Hazard Zones for tree mortality in Butte County are displayed in Figure 3.10 and Figure 3.11, respectively. 197
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 61 Table of Contents
Figure 3.10 Tier One High Hazard Zones for tree mortality in the Butte County CWPP planning area.
198
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 62 Table of Contents
Figure 3.11. Tier Two High Hazard Zones for tree mortality in the Butte County CWPP planning area.
199
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 63 Table of Contents

FIRE HISTORY
Fire is a natural part of California’s diverse landscape and ecological history and is essential to many ecosystems across the state. Almost all of California’s diverse ecosystems are fire-dependent or fireadapted. For centuries, many California Native American tribes recognized this interdependence between fire and the ecosystem and employed traditional and/or cultural burning practices to maintain and restore ecosystem health.

However, shifts in fire management actions that have been implemented since the late 1800s, such as enforcing strict fire suppressions regimes, have resulted in challenges such as dense stand conditions, unhealthy rangelands, and increased ecosystem and community vulnerability to fire. Evidence suggests that the fire regimes in Butte County and throughout the western United States have experienced shifts due to changes in land use, land development, invasive and nonnative plant establishment, and wildland fire suppression. This is supported by ample evidence that shows vegetation communities and fire regimes have experienced significant departures from historic conditions due to anthropomorphic interference (Syphard et al. 2007). This trend, coupled with increased likelihood of above-average atmospheric temperatures and prolonged drought periods perpetuated by climate change, increase the risk of wildfire for those in Butte County.

FIRE BEHAVIOR PATTERNS
Butte County has experienced a pattern of large and severe wildfires in recent years (Figures 3.12–3.13), which are largely influenced by seasonal weather conditions. The vast majority of major fires occurring in the region were heavily influenced by extreme weather, including wind, high temperature, and low humidity or a combination thereof (direct communication, CAL FIRE, 2025).

Wind speed and direction are critical factors that are influencing the occurrence and intensity of large wildfires, particularly in the foothill regions with strong prevailing winds. During the summer, high to very high temperatures, low humidity, and light to moderate southern winds prevail across the county and are often associated with dry high-pressure weather systems. Butte County also encounters strong north wind events that can lead to sustained high winds, frequently resulting in red flag warnings. The National Weather Service defines red flag warnings as a combination of conditions—warm temperatures, low humidity, and strong winds—that significantly increase fire danger (National Weather Service 2024). This combination of environmental conditions creates an elevated risk for rapid fire spread across the landscape.

Although Butte County's seasonal weather patterns align closely with those observed across the region, local factors like erratic diurnal winds, often occurring in areas of extreme grade and topography, like those found in the Feather River Canyon, contribute to location specific fire behavior at various locations throughout the county. The combination of unique topography and extreme winds in certain portions of Butte County makes predicting fire behavior unit-wide particularly challenging. Unique combinations of weather and topography continue to shape the fire history and potential across the region (CAL FIRE 2024i).
200
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 64 Table of Contents

RECENT FIRE OCCURRENCE
This section was developed using fire history data from CAL FIRE’s FRAP (CAL FIRE 2022a).

Although the fire history data from CAL FIRE is the most comprehensive digital record of fire perimeters in California, there are limitations. CAL FIRE states that the earlier data (i.e., prior to 1950) is subject to significant uncertainty due to poor and inconsistent record keeping. In addition, data for some fires may be missing or have incorrect information. This is due to the loss or damage of historical records as well as inadequate documentation (CAL FIRE 2022a). Given the limitations of the data, fire history analysis may contain discrepancies.

Butte County has a history of large, destructive wildfires, with over 850,000 acres burned since 2000.

Notable historic fires include the Campbell Fire in 1990 (131,504 acres across Butte and Tehama Counties, with 6,028 acres within Butte County), the Poe Fire in 2001 (8,333 acres and 133 structures), and the 2008 Humboldt Fire (23,344 acres and 254 structures) (CAL FIRE 2025b).

More recently, the 2018 Camp Fire burned 153,336 acres, destroyed 18,804 structures, and resulted in 85 fatalities, making it the deadliest and of the most destructive fire in California's history and leading to the largest hazardous materials cleanup in state history (CAL FIRE 2018b).

The 2020 North Complex Fire burned a total of 318,797 acres of land, with approximately 152,151 of those acres being within Butte County, destroying 2,352 structures, and claiming 16 lives (CAL FIRE 2024i). In 2021, the Dixie Fire burned 963,309 acres across Butte, Plumas, Shasta, Lassen, and Tehama Counties and destroyed 1,329 structures, making the Dixie Fire the largest single fire in California's history (CAL FIRE 2024i).

In July 2024, the arson-caused Park Fire scorched 429,603 acres of Butte and Tehama Counties, destroying 709 structures, and damaging another 54 (CAL FIRE 2024e). The Park Fire is the fourth largest wildfire in the state's history, as well as the largest arson-caused wildfire ever recorded in the state (CAL FIRE 2024i, 2025a).

From 1910 to 2024, the total number of acres burned by fire incidents within Butte County has increased significantly. This rise in burned acreage is likely linked to population growth, which heightens the risk of human-caused ignitions, and alterations in the historic fire regime.

The decade from 2010 to 2019 saw the highest number of impacted acres, with approximately 377,219 acres affected by fire. Between 2020 and 2024, around 324,326 acres were impacted, with the Park Fire alone burning approximately 52,912 acres in Butte County (429,603 acres in total) (CAL FIRE 2024d). Since 2014, there have been about 1,537 fire incidents in Butte County, with the majority having unknown ignition sources.

The period from 2020 to 2024 recorded the highest number of fire incidents, totaling 1,284. Larger fires have predominantly occurred in forested mountain regions, while smaller fires are more common in the foothills and valleys near metropolitan areas.

Since the 1990s, there has been a notable increase in both the frequency and severity of larger fires.

Most fires have occurred between June and September, with June and July having the highest number of incidents.

See Table 3.4 for a list of significant fires that started in or spread into Butte County. Note that Table 3.4 shows the statistics only for significant fires and not for all fires that have occurred since 1999. 201
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 65 Table of Contents
Figure 3.12 illustrates the recent wildfire history from 2000 to 2024, while Figure 3.13 depicts the historic wildfire extent spanning from 1900 to 1999.

Table 3.4. Significant Fires that Started in or Spread into Butte County Since 1999 Year Total
Acreage
Acreage in CWPP
Planning Area Fire Name Structures Destroyed Fatalities 2024 429,603 104,403 Park 709 0
2024 3,789 3,789 Thompson 26 0
2024 1,056 1,056 Junes 1 0
2021 963,309 24,619 Dixie 1,311 1
2020 318,935 152,151 North Complex 2,352 16
2020 2,467 2,321 Butte Lightning Complex 0 0
2018 153,336 153,336 Camp Fire 18,804 85
2017 8,500 8,500 Cherokee 6 0
2017 6,151 3,920 LaPorte (Wind Complex) 74 0
2017 6,033 6,033 Wall Fire 91 0
2017 4,016 4,016 Ponderosa 55 0
2013 6,896 6,132 Panther 0 0
2013 2,264 2,264 Swedes 7 0
2008 23,344 23,344 Humboldt 254 0
2008 59,440 6,132 Butte Lightning Complex 117 0
2001 8,333 8,333 Poe 133 0
2000 1,835 1,835 Concow 16 1
1999 16,757 16,757 Musty 0 0
1999 10,857 10,857 Doe Mill 0 0
1999 2,610 2,610 Bloomer 0 0
Total 2,029,531 542,408 23,956 103
202
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 66 Table of Contents
Figure 3.12. Wildfire history (2000–2024) in the Butte County CWPP planning area. 203
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 67 Table of Contents
Figure 3.13. Wildfire history (1900–1999) in the Butte County CWPP planning area. 204
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 68 Table of Contents

IGNITION ANALYSIS
Based on an analysis of all fires within the CAL FIRE Butte Unit (Figures 3.14–3.17), the most frequent single ignition cause over the past decade is debris burning, which accounts for 14.79% of all incidents.

Arson followed as the second leading identifiable cause, responsible for 11.09% of ignitions. Fires are often concentrated along roadways and in densely populated areas. Identifying the exact cause of each fire remains a complex task. In many cases, the cause can only be narrowed down to a few possibilities, leading to an “undetermined” classification, which occurred for 11.75% of incidents. Other notable causes include equipment use (8.37%), lightning (3.37%), electrical power (3.28%), and vehicles (3.11%) (direct communication, CAL FIRE, 2025).

Figure 3.14. Butte Unit fires by type, 2015–2024.
205
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 69 Table of Contents
Figure 3.15. Butte Unit fire cause by class, 2015–2024.

Figure 3.16. Butte Unit fire cause by class, 2015–2024, by responsibility area. 206
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 70 Table of Contents
Figure 3.17. Fire incidents from 2014 to 2024 across the Butte County CWPP planning area. 207
Page | 71 Table of Contents
CHAPTER 4 –

FIRE DEPARTMENT

CAPABILITIES AND PRE-FIRE

MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

MUTUAL AND AUTOMATIC AID

AGREEMENTS
Butte County's fire agencies have a long history of cooperative fire protection. These agencies operate under boundary-drop aid agreements, sharing resources freely while maintaining their individual identities. This cooperation enhances service levels, minimizes expenses, and allows for seamless and cost-efficient service. These agreements improve operational efficiencies and safety despite budget constraints posed by the area's high poverty rate.

The foundation for the current countywide boundary-drop style aid agreements was laid in 1931 with the origination of a cooperative fire protection agreement between the Butte County and the California Division of Forestry, now known as CAL FIRE.

The aid agreements that are currently in place encompass all fire agencies within Butte County and allow for virtually seamless dispatching of the closest resources countywide, regardless of jurisdiction, including local, state, and federal lands.

In addition to the local aid agreements noted above, the fire agencies in Butte County participate in similar agreements with agencies in neighboring counties. These agencies are listed in Table 4.1.

All fire agencies in Butte County are also active participants in statewide resource-sharing agreements, including the California Master Mutual Aid Agreement (MMAA), the California Fire Assistance Agreement (CFAA), and/or the California Master Cooperative Wildland Fire Management and Stafford Act Response Agreement (CFMA) (CAL FIRE 2024i). 208
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 72 Table of Contents
Table 4.1. CAL FIRE Butte Unit Mutual/Automatic Aid Agreement Participants Within Butte County
• CAL FIRE Butte Unit • Mooretown Rancheria Fire Department • Butte County Fire Department • USFS Lassen National Forest • City of Chico Fire Department • USFS Plumas National Forest • City of Biggs Fire Department • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service • City of Gridley Fire Department • U.S. Bureau of Land Management • City of Oroville Fire Department • Bureau of Indian Affairs • Town of Paradise Fire Department • National Park Service Adjacent to Butte County
• Foothill Volunteer Fire Department • Marysville Fire Department • Hallwood Community Services District • Sutter County Fire Department • Hamilton City Fire Department • Tehama County Fire Department • Loma Rica/Browns Valley Community Services
District

DISPATCH AGREEMENTS
The CAL FIRE Butte Unit’s Emergency Command Center holds agreements to provide dispatch, communication, command and control, and "pre-arrival" emergency medical dispatch services to the Butte County Fire Department, Biggs Fire Department, Gridley Fire Department, Oroville Fire Department, and the Town of Paradise Fire Department (CAL FIRE 2024i).

Even though the Chico Fire Department maintains separate dispatching facilities and frequencies, the CAL FIRE Butte Unit Emergency Command Center and Chico Fire seamlessly dispatch the closest resources from any local jurisdiction to their own jurisdiction’s incident through a decades-old resourcesharing agreement known as the Chico Urban Area Fire Response Agreement (CUAFRA).

In recent years, the ECC has obtained the capability to coordinate dispatching software with Chico Fire as well as the Butte Medics. This advancement allows for the direct and virtually instant transfer of emergency dispatch and resource availability information from one agency's dispatching software to the other, a capability commonly referred to as “CAD to CAD” dispatching.

This resource-sharing concept ensures that the closest available resource is immediately dispatched to an emergency, regardless of jurisdiction without delay.

FIRE DEPARTMENT OVERVIEW, CAPABILITIES,

PLANS AND PRIORITIES
Individual fire department capabilities and priorities are detailed in the sections below. Fire response areas and fire stations within the planning area are shown in Figures 4.1 and 4.2. These figures highlight the geographical distribution of resources and the coverage provided by various fire departments, emphasizing the collaborative efforts in protecting the region. 209
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 73 Table of Contents
Figure 4.1. Fire response areas within the Butte County CWPP planning area. 210
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 74 Table of Contents
Figure 4.2. Fire stations within the Butte County CWPP planning area. 211
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 75 Table of Contents

BUTTE COUNTY FIRE DEPARTMENT
Department Overview
The Butte County Fire Department directly serves the unincorporated area of Butte County, totaling over 90% of the county's 1,677 square miles, in addition to all incorporated areas of the county via various aid agreements.

Butte County Fire Department staffs 10 fire stations each day with a career-staffed Type 1 fire engine as well as 16 volunteer fire stations with a variety of apparatus that are staffed by volunteers on an as needed basis, including Type 1, Type 3, and Type 6 fire engines, water tenders, and other specialty vehicles. Select career-staffed fire stations also house specialized apparatus such as Type 3 fire engines, a Type 2 technical rescue vehicle, water rescue equipment, a hazardous materials response vehicle, and a medical support unit that is equipped for Multiple-Casualty Incidents (MCIs) that are cross staffed as necessary.

Daily staffing is either two or three career personnel on each Type 1 fire engine, consisting of one Firefighter and either one or two Company Officers (Fire Captain and/or a Fire Apparatus Engineer).

Staffing adjusts dynamically based on operational needs and seasonal demands such as weather conditions. Response of Butte County Fire Department's water tenders, squads, and breathing support units are almost exclusively the responsibility of the department's volunteer firefighters.

Butte County Fire Department is dispatched under agreement with the CAL FIRE Butte Unit Emergency Command Center.

Butte County Fire Department has been operated and administered as part of a cooperative agreement with CAL FIRE since 1931, with close coordination of emergency response capabilities that have integrated the station and battalion organization between the two departments into a seamless response and administration plan.

As a countywide fire department, the fire history, weather, WUI situation, fuels, and topography are consistent with the overall conditions outlined in the Fire Environment chapter of this document and, due to the geographical and operational overlap between Butte County Fire and the CAL FIRE Butte Unit, are discussed in more detail in the CAL FIRE battalion and program breakout sections below. Therefore, the fire history, weather, WUI situation, fuels, and topography sections have been omitted from this section that details Butte County Fire Department.

Butte County Fire Department's resources are shown in Table 4.2 below. 212
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 76 Table of Contents
Collaborators
• Butte County Fire Safe Council
• Butte County Resource Conservation
District
• Butte County Collaborative Group
• CAL FIRE
• California Department of Fish and Wildlife
• California Department of Water Resources
• California State Parks
• City of Biggs
• City of Gridley
• City of Chico
• City of Oroville
• Town of Paradise
• Berry Creek Rancheria
• Konkow Valley Band of Maidu Indians
• Mechoopda Indian Tribe of Chico
Rancheria
• Mooretown Rancheria
Department Priorities
 In the 90+ years since Butte County Fire and CAL FIRE entered into a cooperative agreement, alignment of the two departments’ goals has yielded significant operational and administrative efficiencies. One of these benefits is the integration of Butte County Fire Department into the CAL FIRE Battalion and Program structure.
 For this reason, and to avoid redundancy in this document, Butte County Fire Department’s priorities are included in, and fully aligned with, the CAL FIRE Butte Unit’s Battalion and Program Priorities listed in the battalion section in this chapter.

Table 4.2. Butte County Fire Department Resources
Resource Career Volunteer
Personnel 114 152
Stations 10* 16
Type 1 Engine (Front Line) 10 3
Type 1 Engine (Reserve) 4 0
Type 3 Engine (Career are Cross Staffed) 2 6
Type 6 Engine 0 9
Tactical Water Tender 0 13
Squad 0 4
Breathing Support 0 2
Type 2 Medium Rescue (Cross Staffed) 1 0
Rescue Utility Terrain Vehicle 2 0
HazMat Support (Cross Staffed) 1 0
Medical Support (MCI) (Cross Staffed) 1 0
Water Rescue Trailer with Personal Watercraft 1 0
* Three stations listed here are jointly staffed by Butte County Fire Department and other fire agencies and are included in both departments' inventories. Those stations are Station 63 in Oroville, which is jointly staffed with CAL FIRE and serves as both departments' headquarters; Station 73, which is jointly staffed with Biggs Fire Department; and Station 74, which is jointly staffed with Gridley Fire Department.
213
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 77 Table of Contents

CITY OF BIGGS FIRE DEPARTMENT
Department Overview
The City of Biggs Fire Department serves the incorporated area of Biggs, an area of about 1 square mile with a population of about 1,900 residents, as well as nearby jurisdictions via various aid agreements.

The Biggs fire engine and station are staffed and funded jointly with Butte County Fire Department and are administered as part of Battalion Seven under a cooperative agreement with CAL FIRE.

Under this arrangement, staffing is maintained for one fire engine 24 hours per day, 7 days per week.

Normal staffing is one Company Officer (Fire Captain or Fire Apparatus Engineer) and one Firefighter.

Biggs Fire Department is dispatched under agreement with the CAL FIRE Butte Unit Emergency Command Center.

Biggs Fire Department's resources are shown in Table 4.3.

Collaborators
• Butte County Fire Department
• CAL FIRE
• California Department of Fish and Wildlife
• California Department of Water Resources
• City of Gridley
Fire History
Several vegetation fires have threatened and destroyed structures in Biggs over the years. However, these fires have been contained before they became major wildland fire incidents.

Weather
The City of Biggs shares weather patterns with the surrounding valley areas, featuring numerous summer days with temperatures over 100°F. North winds are a significant concern as they can drive rapid fire growth and spread. These conditions necessitate vigilant fire management practices to mitigate the heightened fire risk during peak summer months.

WUI Situation
While Biggs is not within the WUI areas designated in this CWPP, there are still connective fuels in the agricultural lands and open areas that can pose a risk to residential structures, infrastructure, and other values. These fuels require careful management to mitigate potential fire hazards and protect the community.

Fuels
The area around Biggs is characterized by grasslands and agricultural lands. Specific concerns include vegetation management around City-owned and operated overhead power lines, drainage canals, and wastewater retention ponds. Proper management of these fuels is crucial to reduce fire hazards and protect critical infrastructure.
214
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 78 Table of Contents
Topography
Biggs is predominantly flat, with an average elevation of 95 feet above sea level. The flat terrain simplifies some aspects of fire management but also allows for the rapid spread of fires in grassy areas. Effective firebreaks and other preventive measures are essential to control potential fire spread.

Department Priorities
 Fuel management in and around City-owned/operated overhead power lines  Fuel management in and around drainage canals
 Fuel management at wastewater retention ponds
 Public education
 Maintenance and testing of fire hydrants
 School fire prevention programs and outreach
Table 4.3. Biggs Fire Department Resources
Biggs Fire Department Resources
Resource Quantity
Personnel 1.5
Station 1*
Type 1 Engine (Front Line) 1*
*The Biggs fire station and fire engine are staffed and funded jointly with Butte County Fire Department; therefore, these resources are also accounted for in Butte County Fire Department’s resource inventory City of Biggs Fire Department Station and Apparatus.
215
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 79 Table of Contents

CITY OF CHICO FIRE DEPARTMENT
Department Overview
The City of Chico Fire Department serves the incorporated area of Chico, an area of about 35 square miles with a population of about 110,000 residents, as well as nearby jurisdictions via various aid agreements.

Chico Fire Department staffs four of their five fire stations, with the airport station currently unstaffed due to the current lack of commercial passenger service at Chico Regional Airport.

Daily staffing is five apparatus, consisting of four engines and one ladder truck.

Each fire engine is staffed with three personnel: one Captain, one Fire Apparatus Engineer, and one Firefighter. The truck is staffed with four personnel: one Captain, one Fire Apparatus Engineer, and two Firefighters.

Chico Fire Department maintains their own dispatch center, but resources are also directly dispatched to calls outside the incorporated area by the CAL FIRE Butte Unit Emergency Command Center under an aid agreement.

Chico Fire Department's resources are shown in Table 4.4.

Collaborators
• Butte County Fire Department
• Butte County Fire Safe Council
• Butte County Resource Conservation District
• CAL FIRE
Fire History
Significant wildfires impacting Chico in the past 30 years include the 1999 Musty Fire (18,000 acres, resulting in smoke and ecological damage), the 1999 Doe Mill Fire (11,000 acres, leading to evacuations and smoke issues), the 2008 Humboldt Fire (23,344 acres, destroying 254 structures just outside the Town of Paradise and causing evacuations and injuries), the 2018 Stoney Fire (950 acres, leading to evacuations and road closures), and the catastrophic 2018 Camp Fire (153,336 acres, with 203 acres burning within Chico city limits and 18,000 structures destroyed, none of which were within city limits).

Most recently, the 2024 Park Fire burned 429,603 acres, destroyed 709 structures, and damaged 54 more. Originating in Chico’s Bidwell Park, the Park Fire caused widespread ecological damage within the city.

Weather
Chico experiences high summer temperatures, often exceeding 100°F for multiple consecutive days, coupled with low humidity and light to moderate southerly winds. North wind events can lead to red flag conditions, significantly increasing the potential for extreme fire behavior. These weather patterns necessitate proactive fire management and preparedness measures throughout the fire season. 216
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 80 Table of Contents
WUI Situation
The city of Chico, located in the northwest corner of Butte County, faces significant challenges related to its WUI. Critical infrastructure includes the Union Pacific Railroad main line, multiple large-diameter underground petroleum pipelines with bulk aboveground petroleum storage, state highways, high-voltage power lines, and Bidwell Park, which spans 3,670 acres and divides the city from east to west.

The eastern section of Bidwell Park, known as Upper Park, poses a notable potential for WUI conflicts.

As home development has surged, large areas of Chico have transformed into WUI environments where wildland abruptly meets high-density housing, particularly evident in the eastern part of the city where most new residential construction is occurring.

There are multiple greenways that traverse the city. Four in particular—Big Chico Creek (Bidwell Park), Little Chico Creek, Lindo Channel, and Edgar Slough (Comanche Creek)—have a large number of residential and commercial parcels that abut the vegetation in these greenways, creating an additional significant WUI threat.

Fuels
The landscape around Chico includes grasslands, brush, deciduous trees, and some coniferous species.

The flat terrain surrounding the city, particularly in the eastern areas extending toward the foothills, consists mainly of light to medium fuels, including annual grasses, oak woodlands, and chaparral brush.

These fuel types can facilitate rapid fire spread, especially under windy conditions.

There are multiple greenways that bisect the city, including Lindo Channel, Big Chico Creek, Little Chico Creek, and Edgar Slough (Comanche Creek). These greenways support a variety of fuels ranging from grasslands to hardwood forests to riparian habitats. The western portion of the city is surrounded by agricultural land, primarily nut orchards, which pose minimal threat of a large-scale wildland fire.

Topography
The Chico area is primarily flat, with the foothills rising at an approximate slope of 15% and generally oriented toward the west. The city is traversed by Little Chico Creek and Big Chico Creek, which contribute to its drainage system. The major flood control drainage for the city is Lindo Channel.

Additionally, other watercourses, including Mud Creek, Sycamore Creek, Comanche Creek, Dead Horse Slough, and Butte Creek, flow through the area, influencing the local topography and hydrology.

Department Priorities
 Explore and complete projects outlined in the City of Chico’s Vegetation Fuels Management Plan and CWPP, which support several broad goals and actionable actions.  Minimize fire risk while protecting ecological values.  Restore and maintain appropriate fire return intervals in Chico’s parklands, including the use of prescribed fire when indicated.
 Fund public education to conduct targeted outreach and education in high-priority areas and residents.
 Expand awareness of wildfire issues related to land use planning and building (Fire Code).  Develop and implement evacuation planning.
 Provide education and resources to expand the use of prescribed fire on private lands. 217
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 81 Table of Contents
 Strengthen building standards for existing and new structures and attachments.  Explore the feasibility of building a bridge or low-water crossing over Big Chico Creek at the end of the park road.
 Enhance access to water supplies in high-risk areas.
 Develop pre-fire operational plans for Upper and Middle Bidwell Park, including prescribed burns, enhancing, maintaining, or creating fire breaks, and tactical wildfire management plans.  Conduct community outreach and education at community events.

Table 4.4. City of Chico Fire Department Resources
City of Chico Fire Department Equipment
Resource Quantity
Personnel (Career) 59
Personnel (Volunteer) 7
Stations 5
Type 1 Engines (Front Line) 4
Type 1 Engines (Reserve) 2
Aerial (110-foot) Ladder Truck (Front Line) 1
Aerial (105-foot) Ladder Truck (Reserve) (Quint) 1
Type 3 Engine (Department Owned – Cross Staffed) 1
Type 3 Engine (Cal OES Owned – Cross Staffed) 1
Squad 1
Type 2 Medium Rescue (Cross Staffed) 1
Rescue Support Trailer (Cross Staffed) 1
HazMat (Cross Staffed) 1
Air/Light Truck (Cross Staffed) 1
Crash Rescue Apparatus (Cross Staffed) 2
Foam Trailer 1
218
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 82 Table of Contents

CITY OF GRIDLEY FIRE DEPARTMENT
Department Overview
The City of Gridley Fire Department serves the incorporated area of Gridley, an area of about 2 square miles with a population of about 7,000 residents, as well as nearby jurisdictions via various aid agreements.

The Gridley fire station is staffed and funded jointly with Butte County Fire Department and is administered as part of Battalion Seven under a cooperative agreement with CAL FIRE.

Under this arrangement, the City of Gridley staffs one ladder truck and cross staffs a Type 3 fire engine and a water rescue support vehicle, while Butte County Fire Department staffs a Type 1 fire engine, with all apparatus responding from the shared fire station in Gridley.

Normal staffing is two Company Officers (Fire Captain or Fire Apparatus Engineer) on the ladder truck and one Company Officer (Fire Captain or Fire Apparatus Engineer) and one Firefighter on the Type 1 fire engine.

Gridley Fire Department is dispatched under agreement with the CAL FIRE Butte Unit Emergency Command Center.

Gridley Fire Department's resources are shown in Table 4.5.

Collaborators
• Butte County Fire Department
• CAL FIRE
• California Department of Fish and Wildlife
• California Department of Water Resources
• City of Biggs
• City of Marysville
• County of Sutter
Fire History
Historically, Gridley has experienced a number of vegetation fires in and around the city limits. While none have become major incidents, many have threatened structures and the Union Pacific Railroad, especially the recent fires that have occurred between the north city limits and the Gridley-Biggs Cemetery.

Weather
Gridley shares weather patterns with the surrounding valley areas, featuring numerous summer days with highs over 100°F. North winds are the predominant concern for rapid fire growth, necessitating heightened vigilance during these conditions. These weather patterns require effective fire management strategies to mitigate fire risks.

WUI Situation
While Gridley is not within the WUI areas designated in this CWPP, there are still connective fuels in the agricultural lands, open spaces, and ornamental vegetation that can pose a risk to residential structures, 219
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 83 Table of Contents
infrastructure, and other values. These fuels require careful management to mitigate potential fire hazards and protect the community.

Fuels
The area around Gridley is characterized by grasslands and agricultural lands. Specific concerns include vegetation management around City-owned and operated overhead power lines, drainage canals, and wastewater retention ponds. Proper fuel management is essential to reduce fire hazards and protect critical infrastructure.

Topography
Gridley is predominantly flat, with an average elevation of 95 feet above sea level. The flat terrain simplifies some aspects of fire management but also allows for the rapid spread of fires in grassy areas.

Effective firebreaks and other preventive measures are essential to control potential fire spread.

Department Priorities
 Fuel management in and around City-owned/operated overhead power lines  Fuel management in and around drainage canals
 Fuel management at wastewater retention ponds
 Municipal weed abatement
 Public education
 Spanish language fire prevention programs
 Maintenance and testing of fire hydrants
 Enforcement of Fire Code regulations in the City of Gridley  School fire prevention education presentations
 Red Suspenders Day community outreach event
Table 4.5. Gridley Fire Department Resources
Gridley Fire Department Resources
Resource Quantity
Personnel 5
Station 1*
Aerial (110-foot) Ladder Truck (Quint) 1
Type 1 Engine (Reserve) 1
Type 3 Engine (Cross Staffed) 1
Water Rescue Support Vehicle with Boat (Cross Staffed) 1 *The Gridley fire station is a shared facility with Butte County Fire Department; therefore, it is also accounted for in Butte County Fire Department’s resource inventory.
220
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 84 Table of Contents

CITY OF OROVILLE FIRE DEPARTMENT
Department Overview
The City of Oroville Fire Department serves the incorporated area of Oroville, an area of about 14 square miles with a population of about 18,000 residents, as well as nearby jurisdictions via various aid agreements.

Oroville Fire Department is operated and administered as part of Battalion Nine under a cooperative agreement with CAL FIRE.

Oroville Fire Department staffs one fire station with two apparatus per day: one ladder truck and one Type 1 fire engine. A Type 3 engine and Type 6 engine are cross staffed as necessary.

Daily staffing is three personnel on the Type 1 fire engine, consisting of two Company Officers (typically a Fire Captain and a Fire Apparatus Engineer) and one Firefighter, while the ladder truck is staffed by two Company Officers (typically a Fire Captain and a Fire Apparatus Engineer). Staffing adjusts dynamically based on operational needs and seasonal demands such as weather conditions.

Oroville Fire Department is dispatched under agreement with the CAL FIRE Butte Unit Emergency Command Center.

Oroville Fire Department's resources are shown in Table 4.6 (CAL FIRE 2024i).

Collaborators
• Berry Creek Rancheria
• Butte County Fire Department
• CAL FIRE
• California Department of Fish and Wildlife
• California Department of Water Resources
• Mooretown Rancheria
Fire History
The City of Oroville has a significant history of wildfires that have posed substantial threats to its infrastructure and residents.

While Oroville’s fire history dates back many decades, there have been numerous fires in recent years that have threatened the city. In 2019, the Grand Fire ignited near Grand Avenue and Highway 70, leading to evacuation orders for areas south of Grand Avenue to Oro-Dam Boulevard and east of Highway 70 to Table Mountain Boulevard. The 2018 Camp Fire and the 2020 North Complex Fire also posed imminent threats to the city's boundaries, underscoring the persistent wildfire risks in the region. "Stumps Field," an unincorporated 150-acre undeveloped area surrounded by structures, experiences fires almost every summer, sometimes multiple times per year, directly threatening adjacent properties in the incorporated area of Oroville.

In the northern and eastern parts of Oroville, areas adjacent to or just within the city limits have a history of fires endangering or damaging structures. Two examples are the 2024 Bar and 2024 Thompson Fires, which burned a combined 3,789 acres and destroyed 26 structures. While these two fires did not burn within Oroville City, they did burn within a few hundred feet of the city limits and presented an immediate threat to numerous structures in the incorporated area. 221
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 85 Table of Contents
In the southern portions of the city, the Highway 70 Industrial Park encompasses three U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-designated Superfund Sites: the former Louisiana Pacific Sawmill, the former Koppers Inc. wood processing facility, and the Western Pacific Railyard. These sites are prone to decades-old, deep-seated underground fires that surface multiple times each summer, threatening surrounding vegetation, industrial infrastructure, and nearby commercial and residential structures.

These fires can be difficult to extinguish due to known contamination of the area, as well as the inherent difficulty in achieving full extinguishment of these deep-seated fires.

Weather
Oroville experiences a Mediterranean climate typical of Butte County, with high summer temperatures and low humidity. It is not uncommon to experience multiple consecutive days of temperatures over 100°F with humidities dropping under 15% during the summer months. These weather conditions can significantly influence fire behavior, especially during extended dry periods. The city's weather patterns necessitate proactive fire management and preparedness measures.

WUI Situation
Oroville presents a diverse WUI landscape, with large industrial parks transitioning to residential zones and extensive wildland areas in the eastern foothills. Key infrastructure includes the entire county administration complex (including the county courthouse, jail, and all county department’s main offices), the Feather River, Union Pacific Railroad, highways, and telecommunications stations. The City's comprehensive weed abatement program helps minimize fire incidents. Challenges include limited defensible space, narrow access routes, and vulnerable construction materials. Collaborative efforts with Butte County Fire Department, CAL FIRE, and local fire departments enhance preparedness. Public education and enforcement of fire safety regulations are critical components of the City's strategy.

Fuels
The fuel types in Oroville vary significantly across the area. The flat regions are primarily covered with annual grasses, which transition to oak woodlands, manzanita, and diverse pine species as one approaches the eastern city limits. These varied fuel types can influence fire behavior and complicate firefighting efforts.

Topography
Oroville is predominantly flat, but as one moves eastward into the adjoining jurisdictions, the topography begins to slope more significantly, particularly around the Feather River drainage. This transition in slope affects the types of vegetation and fuel loads present in the area, influencing fire dynamics and control strategies.

Department Priorities
 Conduct defensible space compliance inspections in risk areas and heavily populated areas in accordance with PRC 4291 and Oroville City Ordinance 13.08.  Cooperatively assist the activities of local Prescribed Burn Associations (PBAs), Prescribed Fire Training Exchanges (TREX), and similar organizations.
222
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 86 Table of Contents
 Fire prevention education and community outreach: school and community events, burn permit issuance, emphasizing Hardening Your Home, Ready, Set, Go!, defensible space requirements and recommendations, and the “One Less Spark” campaign, the “Help Us Find You” visible address sign campaign, ingress/egress routes, and access to water supplies.  Maintain Fire Danger warning sign to public.
 Increase collaboration with the Butte County Fire Safe Council.  Increase community awareness of WUI areas in collaboration with the Butte County Fire Safe Council.
 Evaluate and seek opportunities to improve existing evacuation planning efforts.  Increase effectiveness and efficiency of weed abatement program via investment in automation and technology.
 Continue working with CAL FIRE crews to assist with vegetation removal of selected areas within City Limits.
 Work with insurance companies to develop a home inspection program with hopes to increase the number of homes insurance companies are willing to insure within the city.  Increase staffing on fire apparatus, and explore the feasibility of acquiring/building and staffing an additional fire station to meet the needs of the city and effectively mitigate wildland emergencies.  Improve response by working with Butte County Fire Department, CAL FIRE, and other local public safety agencies to update aid agreements, mutual threat zones, and other agreements to provide the most effective response possible to areas with the most potential.  Restore and improve the volunteer program to provide support during wildfire emergencies and increase community involvement.
 Increase capabilities by investing in the training and preparation of fire personnel specific to wildland firefighting, command, and control.
 Increase capabilities by investing in wildland specific apparatus, in particular Type 3 and Type 6 fire engines.

Table 4.6. Oroville Fire Department Resources
Oroville Fire Department Resources
Resource Quantity
Personnel 21
Station 1
Aerial (105-foot) Ladder Truck (Quint) 1
Type 1 Engine (Front Line) 1
Type 1 Engine (Reserve) 2
Type 3 Engine (Cross Staffed) 1
Type 6 Engine (Cross Staffed) 1
Aircraft Rescue Firefighting Vehicle 1
Rescue Boat 1
Rescue Support 1
223
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 87 Table of Contents

TOWN OF PARADISE FIRE DEPARTMENT
Department Overview
The Town of Paradise Fire Department serves the incorporated area of Paradise, an area of about 18 square miles with a population of over 10,000 residents, as well as nearby jurisdictions via various aid agreements.

The Town of Paradise Fire Department is operated and administered as part of Battalion Eight under a cooperative agreement with CAL FIRE.

The Town of Paradise Fire Department staffs two fire stations with one Type 1 fire engine per station per day. A Type 3 fire engine is cross staffed at each station as necessary. Daily staffing is three personnel on each Type 1 fire engine, consisting of two Company Officers (typically a Fire Captain and a Fire Apparatus Engineer) and one Firefighter.

The Town of Paradise Fire Department is dispatched under agreement with the CAL FIRE Butte Unit Emergency Command Center.

With the recent fire history in and around the Town of Paradise, the Town is actively implementing a wide range of recovery and resilience efforts that are outlined on Page H-13 of Appendix H.

The Town of Paradise Fire Department's resources are shown in Table 4.7.

Collaborators
• Butte County Fire Department
• Butte County Fire Safe Council
• Butte County Resource Conservation
District
• CAL FIRE
• Paradise Ridge Fire Safe Council
Fire History
Notable incidents include the wind-driven Humboldt Fire in June 2008, which started southwest of town and burned 23,344 acres, including 254 structures in and around the southern area of town. In November 2018, the catastrophic Camp Fire, which started east of town near the community of Pulga, burned 153,336 acres, destroyed 18,804 buildings, and resulted in 85 fatalities, including 90% of the structures in the Town of Paradise. Fueled by extreme winds, the fire swept through Concow, Magalia, Butte Creek Canyon, and Paradise before ultimately being contained near Highway 99 to the west. The Camp Fire remains the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in California's history.

Weather
The weather patterns in the Town of Paradise align closely with unit-wide averages, featuring high summer temperatures and low humidity. However, wind events, particularly North Wind events and the gusty winds associated with the Feather River’s down-canyon flow, are a major concern for wildfire spread. These winds have played a critical role in driving destructive fires into Paradise, as demonstrated by the 2008 Humboldt Fire and the 2018 Camp Fire. Such conditions necessitate vigilant fire management practices to mitigate the risk of future wildfires. 224
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 88 Table of Contents
WUI Situation
The Town of Paradise represents a typical WUI environment where wildland meets residential areas.

The town was significantly affected by the 2018 Camp Fire, leading to a reduced population and ongoing rebuilding efforts. Emergency access remains a concern due to narrow roadways, numerous dead-end roads, and potential high evacuation volumes. The reconstruction of evacuation routes, such as the Skyway, Clark Road, and Pentz Road, aims to improve safety. Collaborative efforts with Butte County Fire Department, fire safe councils, and other agencies enhance preparedness. Public education and enforcement of defensible space regulations are critical components of the Town's strategy.

Fuels
The area features diverse vegetation, including chaparral brush, oak woodlands, and mixed-conifer timber. While the Camp Fire temporarily reduced fuel loading in the Town of Paradise, vegetation regrowth on vacant parcels quickly became problematic. Within months of the fire, much of the burned area was covered with nonnative species, including various types of broom (e.g., scotch and Spanish broom), which are highly flammable. By the following year, these invasive plants had grown over 5 feet tall, completely overtaking many parcels in town. Additionally, the loss of the thick tree canopy, which had shaded the area for centuries, due to direct fire damage and post-fire hazard tree abatement, has allowed ample sunlight to promote the rapid growth of grass and brush. Proper management of these fuels is crucial to reduce fire hazards and protect the community.

Topography
The Town of Paradise is situated on a broad, gently sloping ridge with elevations ranging from approximately 1,000 to 2,300 feet. The town is characterized by several steep canyons near the town's borders, which significantly influence fire behavior. There are also numerous lesser canyons and drainages that run through town, generally running in a north-south or northeast-southeast direction.

These features are contiguous with larger drainages south of town and present a significant risk of providing a flow path for fires to burn into and through the town. Effective fire management must account for these topographic challenges.

Department Priorities
 Implement fire prevention education and community outreach programs such as:
o Hardening Your Home, defensible space requirements and recommendations, the “One Less Spark” campaign, and the Ready, Set, Go! program.
o “Help Us Find You” visible address sign campaign, ingress/egress routes, and access to water supplies.
o Burn permit issuance.
 Maintain and improve existing roadside evacuation zone signage and public education programs, reinforcing knowledge of evacuation zones within and surrounding the town.  Evaluate and seek opportunities to improve existing evacuation planning efforts.  Maintain existing fuel reduction projects, and seek to develop new projects that will make the Town of Paradise and surrounding areas more fire resilient.  Implement a variety of fuel reduction methods, including mechanical and manual treatments, grazing, prescribed fire, and other techniques, to reduce hazardous fuels and/or maintain previous hazardous fuel reduction projects.
225
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 89 Table of Contents
 Increase collaboration with the Butte County Fire Safe Council, the Paradise Ridge Fire Safe Council, the Paradise Recreation and Park District, Butte County Resource Conservation District, the Prescribed Burn Association, Tribal partners, CAL FIRE, and other entities.  Support the Paradise Recreation and Park District’s Nature-Based Resilience Project.  Coordinate with the Paradise Irrigation District to maintain and enhance storage, distribution, and hydrant systems for fire suppression.
 Seek opportunities to increase the number of affordable property insurance options in and around the Town of Paradise.
 Conduct and maintain shaded fuel break projects along primary community escape routes.  Assist the Town of Paradise Fire Department, Paradise Ridge Fire Safe Council, Cal OES, and all other cooperators in rebuilding a safer Paradise.
 Continue testing, maintenance, and enhancement of Early Warning System (EWS) public alert sirens.
 Complete California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) for the entire town for fuel reduction projects.
 Support South Paradise vegetation management program (VMP).  Continue to enhance the defensible space inspection and enforcement program pursuant to PRC 4291 and Town of Paradise Code of Ordinances Chapter 8.58.

Table 4.7. Town of Paradise Fire Department Resources
The Town of Paradise Fire Department Resources
Resource Quantity
Career Firefighters 18
Volunteer Firefighters 2
Station 2
Type 1 Engine (Front Line) 2
Type 1 Engine (Reserve) 1
Type 3 Engine (Cross Staffed) 2

Paradise Fire at scene of a boat fire at Lime Saddle Marina (left) and Paradise Fire Station and Engine 81 (right)
226
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 90 Table of Contents

CAL FIRE BUTTE UNIT
The CAL FIRE Butte Unit is responsible for wildland fire protection and prevention for all State Responsibility Areas (SRAs) within Butte County as well as a small portion of southeastern Tehama County (Figure 4.3).

The unit’s mission includes wildland fire suppression, fire prevention, vegetation management, public education, and emergency response services. The Unit’s resources are listed in Table 4.8.

To effectively carry out its mission, the CAL FIRE Butte Unit is organized into eight battalions, each responsible for a specific area. These battalions work closely with local partners through "Schedule A" cooperative agreements, which support fire protection efforts across the region. Key agreements include partnerships with the Butte County Fire Department and the fire departments for the City of Biggs, City of Gridley, City of Oroville, and the Town of Paradise.

Through long-standing agreements and cooperative arrangements, CAL FIRE and local agencies have developed an integrated approach to fire and emergency response. These partnerships ensure that whether the emergency occurs in a SRA or Local Responsibility Area (LRA), residents benefit from coordinated and comprehensive service delivery.

During periods of extreme fire danger, fire lookout towers located throughout Butte County may be staffed to enhance early fire detection efforts. Additionally, CAL FIRE uses a network of internet-accessible fire cameras installed in collaboration with the ALERTCalifornia consortium for monitoring.

Table 4.8. CAL FIRE Butte Unit Response Resources
Resource Career
Personnel 250
Stations 11*
Type 3 Engine (Front Line) 16
Type 3 Engine (Reserve) 4
Bulldozers 2
Air Tactical Aircraft 1
Air Tanker 1
Fire Crew (Firefighter 1) 1
Fire Crew (CCC) 4
Fire Crew (Fuel Reduction) 1
Lookout Towers (Staffed as Needed) 5
*Station 55 is owned by Butte County but is staffed and operated by CAL FIRE under agreement. The station is included in the CAL FIRE inventory but is not included in the Butte County Fire Department inventory. Station 63 is jointly staffed by Butte County Fire Department and CAL FIRE and is included in both departments’ inventories. 227
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 91 Table of Contents
Figure 4.3. CAL FIRE Butte Unit and battalion boundaries within the Butte County CWPP planning area.
228
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 92 Table of Contents
Unit Goals and Objectives
The CAL FIRE Butte Unit will continue to follow the goals outlined in the 2018 Strategic Fire Plan for California, as well as the CAL FIRE Strategic Plan 2024. By working alongside local communities and organizations, these objectives aim to strengthen the protection of lives, property, and natural resources from wildfires while boosting the environment's resilience to fire (CAL FIRE 2024i).

CAL FIRE Butte Unit may focus on any of the plan’s goals depending on available funding and other factors. However, the unit plans to prioritize the following goals and objectives:
• Collaborate with local stakeholders to assess and prioritize assets at risk, and to identify and implement pre-fire projects.
• Carry out defensible space inspections while encouraging greater compliance with related laws and regulations.
• Inform landowners, residents, and business owners about the risks of living in wildland areas, including their responsibilities, relevant regulations, and steps for prevention and preparedness. • Align fire protection, resource management, and fire prevention efforts under a unified mission that serves both the State and the local communities.
• Aim to maintain the highest standard of environmental protection across all programs and operations.

Battalion and Program Plans and Priorities
CAL FIRE operates eight battalions across Butte County, each uniquely tailored to address the specific challenges and needs of its communities (CAL FIRE 2024i). These battalions work collaboratively with local agencies, tribal groups, fire safe councils, and other stakeholders to enhance wildfire preparedness, implement fuels reduction projects, and provide vital fire prevention education (CAL FIRE 2024i).

The following sections outline the priorities, programs, and initiatives undertaken by each battalion to safeguard residents, critical infrastructure, and natural resources in this wildfire-prone region.

It should be noted that, while the battalions are numbered sequentially, there is no Battalion Three, which was eliminated as part of a countywide reorganization in the early 2010s.

CAL FIRE Butte Unit personnel (left) and vehicles (right) during the 2024 Park Fire. 229
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 93 Table of Contents
Battalion One – Paradise, Magalia, Stirling City, Yankee Hill, Concow Battalion Overview
Battalion One is located in the central portion of northern Butte County, encompassing numerous small communities, including Magalia, Stirling City, Inskip, Concow, Jarbo Gap, and Yankee Hill, among others.

While the incorporated area within Town of Paradise is not considered to be part of Battalion One, CAL FIRE Station 35 is strategically located inside the Town limits in order to cover the SRA areas surrounding the Town. The incorporated area of the Town of Paradise Fire Department is administered as Battalion Eight and is detailed in the Town of Paradise Fire Department portion of this chapter.

Collaborators
• Butte County Fire Safe Council
• Bureau of Land Management
• Butte County Fire Department
• Butte County Resource Conservation District
• Firewise USA
• Konkow Valley Band of Maidu Indians
• Lassen National Forest
• Mechoopda Indian Tribe of Chico Rancheria
• Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)
• Paradise Pines Property Owners
Association (PPOA)
• Paradise Ridge Fire Safe Council
• Plumas National Forest
• Sierra Pacific Industries
• Town of Paradise Fire Department
• Yankee Hill Fire Safe Council
Fire History
Battalion One has a history of large fires. The 2021 Dixie Fire, originating in the North Fork Feather River drainage, burned 963,309 acres, making it the largest single-source wildfire in state history. The 2018 Camp Fire, driven by intense winds, devastated Yankee Hill, Concow, Paradise, Magalia, and Butte Creek Canyon, burning 153,336 acres, destroying 18,804 structures, and causing 85 fatalities—the deadliest and most destructive fire in California history. Other notable fires include the North Complex Fire (2020) which burned 152,000 acres, destroyed 2,455 structures, and resulted in 16 fatalities, the Humboldt Fire (2008) at 23,344 acres destroying 254 structures, the Butte Lightning Complex (2008) at 59,440 acres, the Poe Fire (2001) at 8,333 acres, and the Concow Fire (2000) at 1,835 acres, which resulted in one civilian fatality and destroyed 16 homes.

Weather
Battalion One experiences hot, dry summers with low humidity and moderate winds, with north wind events often leading to red flag warnings. The area is known for the "Jarbo Winds", which are downcanyon winds in the Feather River drainage that increase in intensity virtually every night, peaking in the early morning hours, often with gusts of 50 or more miles per hour. The Feather River’s steep drainages generate erratic wind patterns, increasing the potential for rapid fire spread. These conditions are typically prevalent in the areas around Yankee Hill and Concow. However, more extreme wind events can drive gusts into Paradise and Magalia, creating a situation conducive to extreme fire behavior. 230
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 94 Table of Contents
WUI Situation
Battalion One includes densely populated areas like Paradise Pines as well as numerous scattered intermix zones in the more rural portions of the battalion. The region features critical infrastructure, including hydroelectric facilities and transmission lines. Emergency access is a major concern due to narrow roads and limited routes, especially in densely populated areas. Collaborative efforts with local agencies and fire safe councils enhance preparedness. Public education and enforcement of defensible space regulations are key components. The battalion's strategy focuses on improving evacuation routes and community resilience.

Fuels
The area features diverse vegetation, including grass, chaparral, oak woodlands, and mixed-conifer forests. Post-fire regrowth, including both native and nonnative species, increases the potential for future fires. Proper management of these fuels is crucial to reduce fire hazards and protect the community.

Topography
The terrain is dominated by steep canyons that heavily influence fire behavior. The largest canyons— Butte Creek, West Branch Feather River, and North Fork Feather River—are significant. These topographic features create challenging conditions for fire control, necessitating effective fire management strategies.

Battalion Priorities
 Conduct PRC 4291 and Butte County Code 38A defensible space compliance inspections.  Cooperatively assist activities of Prescribed Burn Associations (PBAs).  Maintain Fire Danger warning sign to public.
 Assist with planning and implementing vegetation management projects in and around the Concow area, including the Concow Pyrodiversity project in particular.  Support the Chipper Program sponsored by Butte County Fire Safe Council.  Carry out outreach and education at multiple community events, emphasizing:
o The burn permit process
o Home hardening
o Ready, Set, Go!
o Defensible space requirements
o The “One Less Spark” campaign
o The “Help Us Find You” visible address
sign campaign
o Ingress/egress routes
o Water accessibility
 Conduct fuel reduction projects along primary community escape routes.  Conduct fuel reduction projects in and around Magalia, Paradise Pines, and Yankee Hill.  Assist residents in maintaining visible and reflective address signs. 231
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 95 Table of Contents
Battalion Two – Cohasset, Forest Ranch, Butte Meadows, Jonesville Battalion Overview
Battalion Two is located in the northern portion of Butte County and also includes a small portion of southeastern Tehama County that is part of the CAL FIRE Butte Unit. Communities include Cohasset, Forest Ranch, Butte Meadows, and Jonesville.

Collaborators
• Big Chico Creek Ecological Reserve
• Butte County Fire Safe Council
• Buzztail Community Services District
• Butte County Fire Department
• Butte County Resource Conservation
District
• Butte Meadows/Jonesville Community
Association
• California Department of Transportation
(Caltrans)
• Cohasset Community Association
• Cohasset Fire Safe Council
• Crown Point Road Association
• Firewise USA
• Forest Ranch Fire Safe Council
• Lassen National Forest
• Loafer Creek LLC
• Mechoopda Indian Tribe of Chico
Rancheria
• Sierra Pacific Industries
Fire History
Since 1917, the battalion has experienced numerous large fires, with most of the 1,000+ acre fires occurring west of Highway 32. The 1999 Musty Fire burned 16,757 acres, extending from just north of the City of Chico toward the community of Cohasset, while the 2013 Panther Fire scorched 6,896 acres northwest of Butte Meadows. The 2012 Mill Fire burned 1,641 acres at the far northern end of the battalion, and the 2018 Camp Fire was stopped along the southeastern battalion boundary, threatening Forest Ranch and Butte Meadows. Similarly, the Park Fire, which started in the City of Chico, followed a progression similar to the 1999 Musty Fire, leaving a significant impact on the area.

In the eastern portion of the battalion, between Highway 32 and the communities of De Sabla, Inskip, and Butte Meadows, fire activity has been notably sparse since 1926. The only significant event in nearly 100 years was the 947-acre 1-12 Lightning Fire in 2020, just north of Forest Ranch. This creates an area with tens of thousands of acres of heavily forested timberlands with virtually no recorded fire history. This area represents the only significant portion of the county’s timberland untouched by fire in the past 7 years. Additionally, the battalion has witnessed devastating regional events, including the 1999 Butte Lightning Complex, which burned over 33,000 acres, and the 2024 Park Fire, an arson-caused blaze that burned more than 429,000 acres across Butte and Tehama Counties.

Weather
Battalion Two experiences high summer temperatures and low humidity with north winds often triggering red flag warnings, presenting a heightened risk for extreme fire behavior. Lightning is cyclic in this area and is generally a minor occurrence, although there have been lighting storms in the past that have started numerous damaging fires as noted in the battalion fire history section above. 232
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 96 Table of Contents
WUI Situation
Battalion Two covers the Chico foothills and communities along Highway 32, featuring a mixture of wildland-urban interface and intermix areas. Protecting structures in this area is challenging as they are not densely located. This can require many more resources to accomplish compared with a more urban interface environment where a single resource can potentially protect more than one structure.

The region's steep terrain and dense vegetation complicate firefighting efforts. Cohasset's single access road presents significant evacuation challenges. Collaborative efforts with local agencies and fire safe councils enhance preparedness. Public education and enforcement of defensible space regulations are critical components.

Fuels
Vegetation in Battalion Two ranges from grasses and chaparral brush in the lower elevations to oak woodlands in the middle elevations and timber in the higher elevations. Dense brush understories, including manzanita, scotch broom, ceanothus, and poison oak, complicate firefighting efforts. Some areas of undeveloped lots or greenbelts have very dense brush, which can affect fire behavior. Proper management of these fuels is essential to reduce fire hazards and protect the community.

Topography
The area is characterized by steep canyons and drainages, which limit access for firefighting equipment and reduce options for placing control lines. These challenging topographic features can lead to fires becoming well-established and difficult to control. Effective fire management must account for these topographic challenges.

Battalion Priorities
 Perform PRC 4291 and Butte County Code 38A defensible space compliance inspections in risk areas and heavily populated areas.
 Maintain Fire Danger warning sign in Forest Ranch and Cohasset.  Conduct fuels reduction work: Doe Mill Ridge project, Big Chico Creek Ecological Preserve, Turkel project in Forest Ranch, Loafer Creek LLC/Mud Creek VMP/Iron Canyon VMP in the Cohasset area, and additional projects in the Cohasset, Forest Ranch, and Butte Meadows communities.
 Continue work on fuel reduction along Cohasset Road with Butte County Roads Department/Public Works.
 Support the Chipper Program sponsored by Butte County Fire Safe Council.  Continue working with Butte County Fire Safe Council on fuels reduction work in the Cohasset, Butte Meadows, Jonesville, and Forest Ranch communities.  Enhance cooperative efforts between BCRCD, PBA, and CAL FIRE for prescribed burns, emphasizing the goal of increasing the scale and effectiveness of prescribed burns.  Cooperatively assist Sierra Pacific Industries with the H-line VMP/Shaded Fuel Break as well as identifying, implementing, and maintaining future shaded fuel breaks to increase public safety.  Continue to explore future VMP opportunities.
 Work with community and cooperators in providing fuels work along evacuation routes and identifying community assembly areas.
233
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 97 Table of Contents
 Support planning efforts and project that encourage the development and/or maintenance of safe ingress and egress routes for residents and fire personnel during emergency incidents.  Additional planning efforts including post-fire hazard tree removal as well as maintaining fuel breaks that were created during the Park Fire suppression efforts.  Support the development and implementation of fuel reduction and broadcast burning projects in the Little Chico Creek and Butte Creek drainages near Forest Ranch.  Carry out outreach and education at multiple community events, emphasizing:
o The burn permit process
o Home hardening
o Ready, Set, Go!
o Defensible space requirements
o The “One Less Spark” campaign
o The “Help Us Find You” visible address
sign campaign
o Ingress/egress routes
o Water accessibility
2024 Park Fire Response efforts in Butte County.
234
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 98 Table of Contents
Battalion Four – Unincorporated Chico Areas, Durham, Nord, Butte Creek Canyon, Butte Valley
Battalion Overview
Battalion Four is located in northwestern Butte County and covers the unincorporated areas in and around the greater Chico area, including the communities of Nord, Durham, Butte Creek Canyon, Centerville, and Butte Valley. This includes the main campus of Butte College. The incorporated area of the City of Chico is detailed in a separate portion of this chapter.

Collaborators
• Butte County Fire Department
• Butte County Resource Conservation District
• Butte County Fire Safe Council
• California State Parks
• City of Chico Fire Department
• Firewise USA
• Hamilton City Fire Department
• Mechoopda Indian Tribe of Chico
Rancheria
• Mendocino National Forest
• National Park Service
• Tehama County Fire Department
Fire History
Wind is the dominant factor in fire spread within the battalion. Notable fires include the 2008 Humboldt Fire (23,344 acres and 254 structures destroyed), and the 2018 Camp Fire, which impacted much of Centerville and Butte Creek Canyon. The 2024 Park Fire (429,603 acres across Butte and Tehama Counties) caused significant devastation in the foothill areas of Butte County, and lead to extensive evacuation warnings and orders throughout the northern portion of Battalion Four. Areas north of Chico and toward Butte Creek Canyon received evacuation orders and warnings.

Weather
Battalion Four experiences typical weather patterns for the region, with high summer temperatures, low humidity, and red flag conditions during north wind events. These conditions necessitate proactive fire management and preparedness measures. The area receives approximately 28 inches of annual rainfall due to its lower elevations.

WUI Situation
Battalion Four includes the greater unincorporated area around Chico, featuring a mix of residential, agricultural, and wildland areas. Key infrastructure includes highways, railroads, and Butte College.

The region faces challenges like narrow access routes, steep slopes, and vulnerable building materials.

Collaborative efforts with local agencies and fire safe councils enhance preparedness. Public education and enforcement of defensible space regulations are critical components. The battalion's strategy focuses on improving evacuation routes and community resilience.

Fuels
The area is predominantly characterized by oak woodlands and grasses, with some brush occurring above 1,000 feet in elevation. Light to medium fuels, such as annual grasses and chaparral brush, pose 235
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 99 Table of Contents
significant fire suppression challenges. Proper management of these fuels is crucial to reduce fire hazards and protect the community.

Topography
The topography is mainly flat in the valley region, while the Chico foothills feature a gentle slope of approximately 15% with a predominantly western aspect. Several watercourses, including Butte Creek and Little Chico Creek, traverse the area, influencing local fire dynamics. Effective fire management must account for these topographic challenges.

Battalion Priorities
 Expand the relationship with local Native Tribes, including projects such as the Mechoopda Indian Tribe of Chico Rancheria’s Camelot Equestrian Center VMP.  Conduct PRC 4291 and Butte County Code 38A defensible space compliance inspections.  Cooperatively assist activities of Prescribed Burn Associations.  Maintain Fire Danger warning sign to public.
 Maintain and expand current vegetation management projects in the adjacent Cohasset and Forest Ranch areas in conjunction with the adjacent battalion.  Continue to explore future VMP opportunities.
 Collaborate with formation of new fire safe council(s) in the lower Butte Creek Canyon/Stilson Canyon/Eastern Chico area.
 Explore opportunities to collaborate with the City of Chico and Big Chico Creek Ecological Reserve (BCCER) vegetation management projects.
 Establish evacuation signage in the Butte Creek Canyon area, clearly identifying evacuation zones and escape routes.
 Carry out outreach and education at multiple community events, emphasizing:
o The burn permit process
o Home hardening
o Ready, Set, Go!
o Defensible space requirements
o The “One Less Spark” campaign
o The “Help Us Find You” visible address
sign campaign
o Ingress/egress routes
o Water accessibility
236
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 100 Table of Contents
Battalion Five – Bangor, Berry Creek, Forbestown, Feather Falls Battalion Overview
Battalion Five is located in southeastern Butte County and covers the communities of Bangor, Robinson Mill, Forbestown, Feather Falls, and Berry Creek, among others.

Collaborators
• Berry Creek Fire Safe Council
• Butte County Fire Safe Council
• Butte County Fire Department
• Butte County Resource Conservation
District
• California Department of Water Resources
• California State Parks
• CHY Company
• Enterprise Rancheria
• Firewise USA
• Forbestown Ridge Fire Safe Council
• Foothill Fire Protection District
• Lake Wyandotte Firewise Community
• Loma Rica/Browns Valley Community
Services District
• Plumas National Forest
• Sierra Pacific Industries
• Soper Wheeler Company
Fire History
Battalion Five has experienced numerous significant fires in recent history. The August 1999 Butte Lightning Complex ignited more than a dozen fires across the Butte Unit, burning a total of 60,000 acres, including the 34,236-acre Bucks Fire, the 2,610-acre Bloomer Fire, and the 1,572-acre South Fire.

In June 2008, another lightning event sparked more than a dozen fires within Battalion Five, contributing to a total of 32,000 acres burned in the area. Notable incidents included the Scotch Fire (13,008 acres), South-Frey Fire (12,402 acres), Friend-Darnell Fire (4,112 acres), and Fox Fire (1,870 acres).

More recently, in 2013, the Swedes Fire burned 2,462 acres and destroyed seven structures. The area later experienced the Lumpkin Fire in 2015, which burned 1,040 acres. Multiple significant fires occurred in 2017, including the Wall Fire (6,033 acres, 91 structures), and Ponderosa Fire (4,016 acres, 55 structures). The 2020 Lightning Complex ignited several smaller fires within the battalion, many of which were located within the burn perimeter of the later occurring 2020 North Complex Fire, which ultimately burned over 152,000 acres across Butte County, much of it within Battalion Five.

Weather
Battalion Five experiences high to very high summer temperatures, low humidity, and light to moderate south winds influenced by high-pressure systems. North wind events and thunderstorms can significantly heighten the risk of extreme fire behavior. These conditions necessitate vigilant fire management practices.

WUI Situation
Battalion Five encompasses three prominent ridges and includes the communities of Berry Creek, Brush Creek, Mountain House, Feather Falls, Forbestown, Clipper Mills, Bangor/Rackerby, Hurleton, Robinson 237
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 101 Table of Contents
Mill, Swedes, and several Tribal Rancherias, alongside significant land holdings from Sierra Pacific Industries and other timber companies, as well as state and federal lands.

Berry Creek, while the most compact of these communities, remains a wildland-urban intermix. Its remote location poses challenges for timely emergency response in the event of fast-moving fires, a concern underscored by the destruction of most homes during the 2020 North Complex Fire. The aftermath presents new dynamics for WUI defense strategies, with homes now more sparsely spaced and ongoing rebuilding efforts.

Feather Falls, situated on Lumpkin Ridge, also faces similar challenges, with access provided via Lumpkin Road. Many homes were lost in the North Complex Fire, altering the WUI dynamic. Seasonal traffic from logging trucks and recreational vehicles increases during spring and summer. Although recreational traffic has decreased post-fire, new challenges arise from rebuilding efforts, fire hazard abatement, and tree removal. Many residents live on poorly maintained remote roads, leading to limited address identification, though an evacuation plan has been established.

Forbestown Ridge includes the community of Forbestown, adjacent to Yuba County. Steep mountain roads complicate emergency response times. Critical infrastructure for South Feather Water and Power is located here, including the main office of their Power Division, hydroelectric plants, canals, dams, and tunnels. Major reservoirs in the area consist of Little Grass Valley, Lost Creek, Sly Creek, and Ponderosa.

The North Yuba Water District also has infrastructure in Forbestown, including a water treatment plant serving both Butte County and Yuba County residents. The Butte County Fire Department collaborates with the Foothill Fire Protection District and Loma Rica/Brownsville Community Services District in Yuba County through automatic aid agreements.

Active fire safe councils in Berry Creek, Forbestown, and Merry Mountain Village focus on evacuation planning, fuel hazard reduction, and public outreach and education.

Overall, communities within Battalion Five face challenges including limited defensible space, limited turnaround space for emergency vehicles, vulnerable construction materials, roads in rough conditions, and inadequate water supply for fire protection.

Fuels
The area features diverse vegetation types, including annual grasses, oak woodlands, thick brush, and mixed-conifer forests. Post-fire regrowth, including both native and nonnative species, increases the potential for future fires. Proper management of these fuels is crucial to reduce fire hazards and protect the community.

Topography
The elevation varies significantly, ranging from 400 to over 4,000 feet. The landscape is marked by numerous steep canyons, with the two primary canyons forming the Middle and South Forks of Lake Oroville. These topographic features create challenging conditions for fire control, necessitating effective fire management strategies.

Battalion Priorities
 Support the Phoenix VMP and Swedes Flat VMP projects in the Forbestown/Swedes Flat area.  Support the California Department of Water Resources/California State Parks fuel reduction project in the area of Craig access road.
238
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 102 Table of Contents
 Perform PRC 4291 and Butte County Code 38A defensible space compliance inspections in risk areas and heavily populated areas.
 Cooperatively assist activities of Prescribed Burn Associations.  Maintain Fire Danger warning sign to public.
 Support planning efforts and projects that encourage the development and/or maintenance of safe ingress and egress routes for residents and fire personnel during emergency incidents.  Conduct additional planning efforts including post-fire hazard tree removal as well as maintaining fuel breaks that were created during the North Complex Fire suppression efforts.  Continue working on fuels reduction projects in and around the community of Forbestown.  Support the Chipper Program sponsored by the Butte County Fire Safe Council.  Development and implementation of emergency notification systems.  Collaborate with agencies in Butte and Yuba Counties to develop and implement a crossboundary vegetation management project.  Carry out outreach and education at multiple community events, emphasizing:
o The burn permit process
o Home hardening
o Ready, Set, Go!
o Defensible space requirements
o The “One Less Spark” campaign
o The “Help Us Find You” visible address
sign campaign
o Ingress/egress routes
o Water accessibility
Sunset during the 2024 Park Fire.
239
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 103 Table of Contents
Battalion Six – Unincorporated Oroville, Palermo, Kelly Ridge Battalion Overview
Battalion Six is located in south-central Butte County and covers the unincorporated areas surrounding the City of Oroville, as well as the communities of Palermo, Kelly Ridge, and Cherokee. The incorporated area of the city of Oroville is administered as Battalion Nine and is detailed in the City of Oroville Fire Department portion of this chapter.

Collaborators
• Butte County Fire Safe Council
• Butte County Fire Department
• Berry Creek Rancheria
• Butte County Resource Conservation
District
• California Department of Fish and Wildlife -
Oroville Wildlife Area
• California Department of Parks and
Recreation
• California Department of Water Resources
• City of Oroville Fire Department
• Firewise USA
• Mooretown Rancheria
Fire History
Significant fire history since 1990 includes a range of wind-driven grass and riparian fires, as well as topography-driven brush fires in the WUI. Many of these WUI fires have resulted in structural losses, including the 2024 Thompson Fire, which burned approximately 3,789 acres north of Oroville, impacting East Oroville and Kelly Ridge, and destroyed 26 structures while damaging another eight. In 2024, the 1,056-acre Junes Fire burned one structure and the 691-acre Apache Fire burned an additional 14 structures just south of the community of Palermo. Other notable wildfire events in Battalion Six include the 2008 Ophir Fire, which burned 959 acres and destroyed 78 structures, and the 2017 Cherokee Fire, which burned 8,415 acres and destroyed six structures.

Weather
Battalion Six generally aligns with the unit-wide weather patterns, featuring high summer temperatures and low humidity. The eastern foothills, especially areas below the Oroville Dam, experience regular nightly downhill and down-canyon winds. These conditions necessitate vigilant fire management practices.

WUI Situation
Battalion Six includes unincorporated areas around Oroville, featuring a mix of residential, agricultural, and wildland areas. Key infrastructure includes the Oroville Dam, powerhouses, and high-voltage transmission lines. The region faces challenges like narrow roads, limited defensible space, and inadequate water supply. Collaborative efforts with local agencies and fire safe councils enhance preparedness. The battalion’s strategy focuses on enhancing community education, enforcing defensible space regulations, and partnering with cooperators to increase the pace and scale of fuel reduction. 240
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 104 Table of Contents
Fuels
The area features grasslands transitioning to oak woodlands and brush at higher elevations.

The 11,869 acre Oroville Wildlife Area primarily features riparian woodland and grassland habitats.

Proper management of these fuels is crucial to reduce fire hazards and protect the community.

Topography
The southern portion of Battalion Six is mostly flat, with slopes increasing as the area extends eastward.

The steepest slopes are found near Cherokee Ravine and the Oregon Gulch drainage, while the northeastern area features gentler slopes but is interspersed with multi-directional drainages. Access throughout the region is challenging due to limited and irregular road placement, which can complicate fire suppression efforts and emergency response The southern portion of Battalion Six is mostly flat, with slopes increasing as the area extends eastward. These topographic features create challenging conditions for fire control, necessitating effective fire management strategies.

Battalion Priorities
 Perform PRC 4291 and Butte County Code 38A defensible space compliance inspections in risk areas and heavily populated areas.
 Cooperatively assist activities of Prescribed Burn Associations.  Maintain Fire Danger warning sign to public.
 Conduct VMP activities in the Oroville Wildlife Area and the Lake Oroville State Park System including Kelly Ridge Point, Loafer Creek, Diversion Pool, and the Forebay.  Conduct vegetation management on private lands in the Long Bar area adjacent to the Feather River Diversion Pool.
 Reduce debris burning caused vegetation fires by education and enforcement.  Continue working with the California Department of Water Resources and other agencies on constructing and maintaining fuel breaks in and around the Kelly Ridge community and the “Western Pacific Addition” (WP Addition) area of northern Oroville in the general area of Long Bar Road/Lakeland Boulevard/Canyon Highlands Road.
 Work with property owners in the Wall and Swedes Fire scars to reduce dead fuels by conducting VMP projects.
 Construct community billboard signs for defensible space education in partnership with local fire safe councils.
 Support the Chipper Program sponsored by BCFSC.
 Work with various neighborhood watch groups on defensible space education and what to do when wildfire strikes.
 Work with community and cooperators in providing fuels work along evacuation routes and identifying community assembly areas.
 Continue to develop and implement the Wyandotte Hazardous Fuel Reduction project in the area of Oro Bangor Highway and Miners Ranch Road.
241
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 105 Table of Contents
 Carry out outreach and education at multiple community events, emphasizing:
o The burn permit process
o Home hardening
o Ready, Set, Go!
o Defensible space requirements
o The “One Less Spark” campaign
o The “Help Us Find You” visible address
sign campaign
o Ingress/egress routes
o Water accessibility
Ground-level photograph capturing the intensity of the 2024 Thompson Fire and active fire response.
242
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 106 Table of Contents
Battalion Seven – Biggs, Gridley, Richvale
Battalion Overview
Battalion Seven encompasses the southwest corner of Butte County and covers the cities of Biggs and Gridley as well as the communities of Richvale and Honcut. While the fire departments of the cities of Biggs and Gridley are administered as part of Battalion Seven, details specific to each of these fire departments are included in their own entries in the fire department section in this chapter.

Collaborators
• Butte County Fire Safe Council
• Butte County Fire Department
• Butte County Resource Conservation
District
• California Department of Fish and Wildlife
Wildlife-Gray Lodge Wildlife Area
• City of Biggs
• City of Gridley
• Firewise USA
• Hallwood Community Services District
• Live Oak Fire Department
• Loma Rica/Browns Valley Fire Department
• Marysville Fire Department
• Sutter County Fire Department
Fire History
There have been numerous small- to mid-size fires throughout the battalion, especially in the eastern portion in the riparian areas along the Feather River. Large fires include the 1990 Midway (542 acres), 1991 Ranch (517 acres), and the 1991 Grey Lodge (2,643 acres).

Weather
Battalion Seven experiences high summer temperatures, low humidity, and light to moderate southerly winds. North wind events can create red flag conditions, significantly increasing the potential for extreme fire behavior.

WUI Situation
Battalion Seven includes residential zones surrounded by agricultural lands, with key infrastructure such as power lines and wildlife areas. The primary wildfire risk comes from grasslands and vegetation near critical infrastructure. The region faces challenges like limited defensible space and inadequate water supply. Collaborative efforts with local agencies and fire safe councils enhance preparedness. Public education and enforcement of defensible space regulations are critical components.

Fuels
The area features grasslands, oak woodlands, and agricultural lands, with dense fine fuels in riparian areas, especially along the Feather River. Proper management of these fuels is crucial to reduce fire hazards and protect the community. The battalion also includes portions of the Oroville Wildlife Area, where vegetation management and prescribed burns can enhance habitat conditions. 243
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 107 Table of Contents
Topography
The topography is predominantly flat, with elevations ranging from 50 to 110 feet. The primary distinguishing feature of the area is the river bottom along the Feather River.

Battalion Priorities
 Perform PRC 4291 and Butte County Code 38A defensible space compliance inspections in risk areas and heavily populated areas such as Honcut, Richvale, and Nelson.  Cooperatively assist activities of Prescribed Burn Associations.  Maintain and update Fire Danger warning signs for the public.  Demonstrate fire-resistant landscaping and building materials at the Butte County Fair.  Carry out outreach and education at multiple community events, emphasizing:
o The burn permit process
o Home hardening
o Ready, Set, Go!
o Defensible space requirements
o The “One Less Spark” campaign
o The “Help Us Find You” visible address
sign campaign
o Ingress/egress routes
o Water accessibility
Gridley Fire’s Truck 74 at the Virginia Fire in 2023.
244
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 108 Table of Contents
Battalion Eight – Town of Paradise
Battalion Overview
Battalion Eight consists of the entire Town of Paradise incorporated area. While the Town of Paradise Fire Department is administered as Battalion Eight, it is an independent jurisdiction and, as such, is detailed in the Town of Paradise Fire Department portion of this chapter.

Battalion Nine – City of Oroville
Battalion Overview
Battalion Nine consists of the entire City of Oroville incorporated area. While the City of Oroville Fire Department is administered as Battalion Nine, it is an independent jurisdiction and, as such, is detailed in the City of Oroville Fire Department portion of this chapter.

Example of Battalion Nine fire response apparatus.
245
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 109 Table of Contents
Unit Programs
The CAL FIRE Butte Unit administers many programs that support the 2018 Strategic Fire Plan for California (CAL FIRE 2024i). These programs are described in detail in the following sections.

Fire Prevention Bureau
The Butte Unit Fire Prevention Bureau oversees various critical functions, including investigating fire origins and causes, public education and information dissemination, fire hazard mitigation, fire planning, issuing burn permits, conducting life safety inspections, and enforcing fire-related laws. Each of these functions plays a vital role in creating a comprehensive fire prevention strategy.

The Bureau addresses the fire investigation needs of the unit, particularly for complex cases such as firerelated fatalities, commercial buildings, arson incidents, and detailed follow-up investigations. Through these investigations, specific trends in fire causes can be identified, leading to targeted prevention initiatives like education and enforcement campaigns (CAL FIRE 2024i). The Bureau has established an enforcement policy for individuals who allow their fires to become uncontrolled. Responsible parties may face administrative actions through a Fire Safety Inspection Legal Notice (LE 38 form), civil actions with a demand letter for fire suppression costs, or criminal charges through court citations.

Additional functions of the Fire Prevention Bureau are Public Information and Education, the Fire Marshal's Office, and the Defensible Space Inspection program. Each of these functions is detailed below.

Public Information and Education
Butte County's Information and Education programs are collaborative initiatives supported by the Fire Prevention Bureau, Volunteers in Prevention, fire station staff, the Butte County Fire Chief’s Association, and the Butte County Sheriff’s Office (CAL FIRE 2024i).

Public Information
The public information function is staffed 24 hours per day by Incident Command System (ICS)-qualified Public Information Officers (PIOs). When a PIO is not immediately available, the CAL FIRE Butte Unit’s Emergency Command Center personnel assume public information duties. The primary goal of this function is to keep the citizens of Butte County informed by providing timely and accurate information.

This is achieved through a robust social media presence, a dedicated marketing campaign funded by various grants known as “Be Ready, Butte,” and outreach to a wide range of media outlets across the northern Sacramento Valley, including newspapers and television/radio broadcast media.

Training for the Information Call Center and Joint Information Center is conducted collaboratively with various agencies to enhance interagency relationships and ensure a pool of qualified call-takers.

Butte County also cooperates with 211, a professional call answering and information service, ensuring accurate and official information can be provided to the public 24 hours per day during major incidents.

Public Information Officers plan and coordinate joint information releases covering topics such as Summer Safety and Heightened Fire Danger, Changing Smoke Detector Batteries, Holiday Home Safety, and Fall Home Heating Safety (CAL FIRE 2024i).

Public Education and Outreach
Annually, thousands of residents in Butte County, including both children and adults, participate in numerous events such as school programs, fair exhibits, and community gatherings. Presentations cover 246
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 110 Table of Contents
essential topics, including Stop, Drop and Roll; Home Safety; Fire Safety; and Defensible Space, as well as career fairs targeting youth ages 12–22 to provide information about employment opportunities within CAL FIRE.

The success of public education in Butte County is attributed to the dedication and collaboration of multiple agencies, community engagement, and the efforts of fire station personnel. Organizations like the Butte County Fire Safe Council and the Butte County Sheriff’s Office partner with CAL FIRE to deliver consistent and impactful safety messages. Approximately 80% of the educational hours contributed each year come from fire station personnel. Their presence at community events adds a personal touch to the messaging, reinforcing CAL FIRE’s commitment to customer service (CAL FIRE 2024i).

Additionally, Defensible Space Inspectors (DSIs) travel throughout the county, educating residents on the knowledge and skills needed to comply with defensible space requirements, including California Public Resource Code (PRC) 4291 and Butte County Ordinance Chapter 38A. These inspectors go door-todoor, providing educational materials and guidance on creating the defensible space necessary to protect homes. The goal is to reach every homeowner in Butte County’s State Responsibility Area, either through in-person visits or by mail. (CAL FIRE 2024i).

Please see Appendix F for a detailed list of educational resources within the county.

Fire Marshal’s Office
The Butte County Fire Marshal’s Office is dedicated to protecting life, property, and the environment through proactive fire prevention and safety initiatives. In partnership with CAL FIRE and the Butte County Cooperative Fire Agencies, the office takes a hands-on approach to risk reduction. Staffed by two fire captains, the Fire Marshal’s Office collaborates with all CAL FIRE and Butte County Fire Department stations to implement an extensive fire inspection program. The team also works closely with local developers and business owners, offering guidance on fire and life safety engineering, permitting, and inspections. Their mission is to create a safer community through education, leadership, and collaboration.

The Fire Marshal's Office enforces key provisions of the Butte County Improvement Standards and the California Building Standards Code across the county. This includes overseeing use permits, building permits, and enforcing Title 19 of the California Code of Regulations for regulated occupancies in unincorporated Butte County. The Fire Protection Planning Officer ensures compliance with the Public Resources Code, California Minimum Fire Safe Regulations, and other applicable codes related to new construction, land divisions, use permits, and more.

In alignment with the California Wildfire Prevention Plan, the Fire Marshal’s Office focuses on both structural fire resilience and pre-fire management strategies. These efforts include improving emergency vehicle ingress and civilian egress, ensuring proper addressing, enforcing ignition-resistant construction, maintaining defensible space, providing adequate fire protection water supplies, and managing vegetation. Additionally, the office employs proven vegetation management practices when reviewing and approving landscaping and fuel modification plans.

By combining inspections, code enforcement, and public education, the Fire Marshal’s Office plays a vital role in translating state-level wildfire prevention strategies into practical, actionable goals at the county level. This comprehensive approach enhances community resilience against wildfires through proactive planning and collaboration with various state, county, and local entities. 247
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 111 Table of Contents
Defensible Space Inspection Program
The Defensible Space Inspection (DSI) Programs for the CAL FIRE Butte Unit and Butte County Fire Department are operated jointly under the administration of the Fire Prevention Bureau. Staffing for the DSI program includes one Fire Captain who manages the program, five inspectors who work year-round, and three additional inspectors hired on a seasonal basis. One of the year-round inspectors specializes in conducting inspections for real estate transactions in High or Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZs), as mandated by California Civil Code Section 1102.19, which went into effect on July 1, 2021, following the passage of Assembly Bill 38 (California Legislative Information 2019a).

While California Public Resources Code (PRC) 4291 establishes the minimum defensible space requirements statewide, Butte County has further refined these requirements in its Fire Prevention and Protection Ordinance (Chapter 38A of the Butte County Code). This ordinance requires inspections of unincorporated properties in the county for fire hazards along travel routes, in the 5-foot noncombustible zone surrounding structures, and within 100 feet of structures, regardless of property boundaries.

The objective of these inspections is to mitigate the risk of uncontrolled fires, limit the spread of fires to neighboring properties, reduce barriers to firefighting efforts, enhance the chances for firefighters to safeguard lives, protect populated areas, and prevent residential fires from spreading into wildland areas.

Properties that fail to meet the standards set by PRC 4291 and Butte County Chapter 38A will undergo follow-up inspections. These follow-ups will be documented, tracked, and prioritized based on the number of violations for each property, potential community impact, inspector availability, and resident requests for follow-up inspections or clarification. Parcels that remain out of compliance may be referred to Butte County Code Enforcement for follow-up action, which may include obtaining a court-ordered abatement.

The regulations outlined in PRC 4291 and Chapter 38A are designed to collaborate in preventing the occurrence of devastating large fires that can threaten entire communities, as witnessed frequently in recent years (CAL FIRE 2024i).

Training and Safety Bureau
The Butte Unit Training, Safety, and EMS Bureau is responsible for the delivery and documentation of training for all career and volunteer personnel. The Bureau is also responsible for coordinating and facilitating the unit-wide training plan, matching training courses with approved personnel training requests, and maintaining a central location for updated training records for all employees.

The Training and Safety Bureau is staffed with a Training Battalion Chief, a Safety Battalion Chief, and four Fire Captains, with one Fire Captain each assigned to Safety, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) training, Volunteer Firefighter program coordination, and oversight of the California Joint Apprenticeship Committee training program for new employees.

The Bureau will ensure that all federal, state, and local training mandates, laws, and regulations are followed as they pertain to training. The Bureau will operate within and enforce the policies, procedures and protocols of CAL FIRE, Butte County Fire Department, and the Butte County Fire Chiefs Association.

Annually, the Training and Safety Bureau provides and/or coordinates approximately 100,000 student instructional hours to over 420 career and 140 volunteer firefighters from CAL FIRE Butte Unit, Butte County Fire Department, and personnel from other Butte County Training Officer Association agencies.

A significant amount of staff time is required to coordinate students, courses, instructors, recording and tracking training, and ensuring personnel ICS qualifications are accurately listed in the national Interagency Resource Ordering Capability (IROC). Moreover, the Training and Safety Bureau is charged with ensuring the safety for 29 fire department owned and/or operated facilities throughout Butte County. 248
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 112 Table of Contents
Training and Safety Bureau Objectives
• Enforce state/federal law, and CAL FIRE/Butte County Fire Department training policies, procedures, and protocols as they apply to career and volunteer personnel. • Ensure that all personnel receive the opportunity for training that is required for their specific positions.
• Document and track certification currency of all employees training in a common database (Vector Solutions).
• Work with the CAL FIRE Region Office and the CAL FIRE Training Center regarding the allocation of training for CAL FIRE personnel and the presentation of training at regional training locations.
• Work with cooperators at Butte Community College to ensure communications, cooperation, and coordination of all public safety training.
• Work with cooperators as a member of the Butte County Training Officers Association. • Meet or exceed those training standards identified in the CAL FIRE Training handbook. • Implement the training priorities set by the Butte Unit’s executive staff. • Identify the needs of each employee to help achieve career development goals. • Seek alternative funding sources in the form of grants, participation with universities, and sharing courses with other agencies.
• Provide and ensure safe working conditions and facilities. • Ensure facilities meet CAL FIRE’s Injury & Illness Prevention Program (IIPP) standards, as well as Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and environmental requirements.

Aerial view of the Table Mountain Bridge in Oroville, Butte County. 249
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 113 Table of Contents
Fire Crew Program
Magalia Fire Center
The Magalia Fire Center started in 1949 as the Magalia
Camp under the California Department of Forestry and
Fire Protection (then known as the California Division of Forestry, now known as CAL FIRE) and California
Department of Corrections (CDC). CAL FIRE and CDC
continued to jointly manage the camp until approximately 1973 when CDC withdrew inmates from the camp. In
about 1974, the camp again opened as the Butte Ecology
Center, this time jointly operated by CAL FIRE and the
California Ecology Corps. The Ecology Corps continued
to exist until 1978 when the camp became Butte Fire
Center under the joint direction of CAL FIRE and the
California Conservation Corps (CCC) and remained so
until 2003 when the CCC withdrew.

From 2003 until 2016 the Butte Fire Center (owned by CAL FIRE) was used as a northern region training facility for firefighters throughout California. In 2016, CAL FIRE and CCC rejoined operations as a fire crew facility. In 2020, the Butte Fire Center changed its name to the Magalia Fire Center and continues to be a joint effort between CAL FIRE and the CCC.

CCC crew members go through a rigorous two-week CAL FIRE Fire Crew training program before being assigned to a fire crew. As a CAL FIRE/CCC Type 1 fire crew, they respond statewide to wildland fires, search and rescue, and flood fighting incidents. While not fighting fires, the fire crews work on fire hazard reduction and other community projects.

CAL FIRE staff train and supervise the fire crews, provide forest practice operations, and operate a full vehicle repair shop.

The current staffing model provides 24-hour coverage 7 days per week during peak staffing with Type 1 Fire Crews. During winter periods, crews are typically staffed during daytime hours from Monday through Friday, but can be staffed on a 24-hour, 7-day-per-week basis as emergency response needs dictate.

Magalia Fire Center is currently funded for:
• CAL FIRE Staff
o 1 Battalion Chief
o 12 Fire Captains
o 13 Fire Apparatus Engineers
o 1 Staff Services Analyst
o 1 Stationary Engineer
o 1 Forestry Tech
• CCC Staff
o 1 District Director
o 1 Conservation Supervisor
o 2 “C2” (Conservationist 2) Crew Supervisor
o 5 “C1” (Conservationist 1) Crew Lead
o 82 CCC Firefighters
o 1 Administrative Officer
o 1 Office Technician
o 1 Office Administrator
o 1 Navigator
o 5 Special Corps Members
Magalia Fire Center fire crew members
work at the “Cave” prescribed burn near
Cohasset in 2023.
250
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 114 Table of Contents
Table Mountain Fire Center
The Table Mountain Fire Center started in July of 2023 when CAL FIRE augmented hand crew resources in both the northern and southern regions of the state. With the augmentation of hand crew resources, CAL FIRE Butte Unit was directed to establish a Fire Center in southern Butte County.

The current staffing model provides 24-hour coverage 7 days per week from March to December with Type 1 Fire Crews. Table Mountain Fire Crews provide statewide emergency response as well as fuel reduction work to reduce the overstocked wildland-urban interface (WUI) surrounding the communities in Butte County.

Table Mountain Fire Center is currently funded for:
• 1 Battalion Chief
• 4 Fire Captains
• 3 Fire Apparatus Engineers
• 40 Firefighters
• 1 Staff Services Analyst
• 2 Supervising Cooks
• 2 Food Service Technicians
Resource Management
To support the 2018 Strategic Fire Plan for California, CAL FIRE Butte Unit Resource Management staff administers several programs aimed at reducing wildfire risks through targeted vegetation management. These programs encompass fuels reduction, fire suppression repair, forest and range health assessments, environmental review, and partnerships with private landowners to address fuels management across the unit.

Forest Practice Enforcement
CAL FIRE Resource Management staff are tasked with enforcing the California Forest Practice Act and Forest Practice Rules concerning timber operations on private timberlands. This enforcement process begins with an initial project review and continues throughout the timber harvesting process until its completion. The management of logging slash to minimize overall fuel hazards in timberland areas must adhere to the established rules and regulations, particularly around structures and along roadways.

During the review of commercial timber harvesting plans, CAL FIRE staff can offer written recommendations to project proponents aimed at promoting positive changes in timber operation methods. CAL FIRE’s foresters consistently seek ways to enhance fire safety, reduce hazards, improve public safety, ensure vehicular access, maintain water sources, optimize operation timing, benefit wildlife, and implement other site-specific mitigation measures necessary to support the 2018 Strategic Fire Plan for California (CAL FIRE 2024i).

Vegetation Management Project Planning
The Vegetation Management Program (VMP) employs a variety of manual and/or mechanical methods as well as prescribed fire to address wildland fire fuel hazards and other resource management challenges on chaparral-dominated SRA lands. By using prescribed fire, the program mimics natural processes, Table Mountain Fire Crew 1 responding to
the 2024 Park Fire.
251
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 115 Table of Contents
reintroducing fire into its historical role within wildland ecosystems, thereby providing significant fire hazard reduction benefits that enhance safety for both the public and firefighters.

Similar to the VMP, the California Vegetation
Treatment Program (CalVTP) is a new initiative that
streamlines environmental planning and introduces
additional management tools for vegetation treatment
across all SRA lands, including timberland. Both the
VMP and the CalVTP allow private landowners to
enter into contracts with CAL FIRE to use prescribed
fire and other vegetation management techniques to
achieve a mixture of fire protection and resource
management objectives.

The California Forest Improvement Program (CFIP) is
a state cost-share initiative designed to assist private timberland owners in managing their forest lands. Eligible practices include reforestation projects (providing funding of up to 90% for lands damaged by wildfire) and fuel treatments carried out through thinning, pruning, and follow-up fuel reduction.

Other grant-funded fuel reduction initiatives typically focus on the construction or maintenance of fuel breaks within the WUI. In Butte County, Proposition 40 funding and SRA fee funding were extensively utilized for constructing fuel breaks and implementing other fuel reduction projects. However, Proposition 40 funding expired on June 1, 2014, and SRA fees were discontinued on June 30, 2017. The CAL FIRE Butte Unit continues to collaborate with Sacramento and local grant applicants to secure funding from the California Climate Investments Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund to advance these projects in the SRA.

CAL FIRE currently offers Forest Health grants aimed at large-scale projects and Fire Prevention grants focused on smaller initiatives and fire prevention efforts (CAL FIRE 2024i).

Environmental Review
The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) mandates that public agencies evaluate the potential environmental impacts of projects that may lead to physical changes in the environment (CAL FIRE 2024i). As part of its responsibilities, CAL FIRE must ensure compliance with CEQA requirements when funding, approving, permitting, facilitating, or directly implementing projects as the lead agency (CAL FIRE 2024i).

In Butte County, environmental reviews are conducted by the Unit Forester or Environmental Coordinator.

These reviews ensure that CAL FIRE's legal obligations are met during the project planning phase and that environmental considerations are integrated into decision making. Examples of CAL FIRE projects in Butte include facility construction, repairs, maintenance, and fire hazard clearance (CAL FIRE 2024i).

Fuel reduction projects include shaded fuel breaks, prescribed burns, and live fire training burns (CAL FIRE 2024i).

Fuel Reduction Crew
CAL FIRE Butte Unit Fuels Crew is one of 10 specialized fuels reduction teams within CAL FIRE.

The crew is led by a fire captain and includes an engineer, an equipment operator, and up to nine Forestry Technicians. While the crew is trained and qualified for fireline duties and can respond to emergencies, their primary focus is on reducing wildland fuels through techniques such as broadcast burning, pile burning, mastication, and chipping (Figure 4.4) (CAL FIRE 2024i).

Big Chico Creek in Upper Bidwell Park.
252
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 116 Table of Contents
Figure 4.4. A CAL FIRE fuel reduction crew working on a hazardous fuel reduction project.

Source: Sierra News Online (2016)
Fire Suppression Repair
CAL FIRE has the authority to carry out fire suppression repair operations during emergencies on SRA lands, as outlined in PRC 4675 and 4676. Fire suppression damage refers to the impacts caused by firefighting activities, which may include issues like soil erosion from dozer and hand lines, road openings, and watercourse crossings. The primary goal of these repair operations is to restore the affected areas as closely as possible to their pre-fire condition (CAL FIRE 2024i). The Unit's Resource Management staff is responsible for these repair efforts. With their expertise in natural resources, fire control, and environmental management, they collaborate with landowners and other stakeholders to provide quick post-fire assessments of affected areas.

Pre-Fire Planning
The Pre-Fire Planning program within the CAL FIRE Butte Unit consists of two Fire Captains, with one each funded by CAL FIRE and Butte County Fire Department.

Responsibilities of the Pre-Fire Planning program include:
• Tracking and reporting progress on CAL FIRE Butte Unit's vegetation management projects • Reporting fire perimeters to the state database
• Tracking fire ignition locations and trends
• Developing and updating planning documents such as the CAL FIRE Unit Fire Plan, the Fire Danger Operating Plan (FDOP), and the CWPP
• Coordinating with cooperating agencies such as local fire departments and non-governmental organizations to plan and implement vegetation management projects and develop countywide documents such as the CWPP
253
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 117 Table of Contents
• Collecting and organizing geographic information system (GIS) data • Producing mapping products for various fire department functions including dispatch and emergency response
• Maintaining GIS data sets for use on Mobile Data Terminals on fire apparatus • Organizing data collected on emergency incidents and producing incident-specific mapping • Producing GIS products for use by various programs within the fire department • Maintaining the Unit’s facility location database
• Representing the fire department in numerous working groups including the Butte County Association of Governments (BCAG) Countywide GIS Working Group, the Butte County RCD’s Countywide Mapping Group, the Butte County Collaborative Group (BCCG), and others • Researching and drafting Fuels Treatment Effectiveness Reports (FTERs) • Compiling and submitting changes to State Responsibility Area (SRA) and Direct Protection Area (DPA), and a wide range of other vegetation management project tracking and GIS-related tasks.

Chico Air Attack Base
Chico Air Attack Base (CAAB) was established in
1969. Located at the Chico Regional Airport, CAAB is
one of 13 CAL FIRE Air Attack Bases in the state. The
base sits on 3 acres.

The Chico Regional Airport is a general aviation
regional airport situated at the 240-foot elevation.

The airport can support Type-1 air tankers, large
helicopter operations, and air attack platforms.

CAL FIRE’s fire protection goal is to contain 95% of all fires to 10 acres or less. Aviation assets are
instrumental in meeting and maintaining this goal. Air
attack and helitack base locations and aircraft deployment are designed to reduce the number of large fires through the capability of air tankers and helitack crews to drop fire retardant and insert personnel at the fire scene before additional ground forces arrive and to support fire control objectives.

Aircraft initial response criteria have been established to have a state aircraft over fires in SRA within 20 minutes of dispatch and to provide augmented aircraft as needed. This response criteria plan was developed to includes the use of USFS and BLM aircraft on a closest resources concept. Air assets located at CAAB can respond to a fire anywhere in California and even into neighboring states should an unwanted fire threaten California.

In 2024, CAAB was operational between May 6 and November 16. Aircraft assigned to the base flew 215 flights for a total of 351 combined flight hours in support of fire incident responses; 1,494,442 gallons of retardant were pumped from CAAB during the 2024 fire season, the most ever delivered from the base.

Air attack efforts in Butte County.
254
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 118 Table of Contents
CAAB Resources
Air Tactical Aircraft (AA 210) Airtanker (T93)
Type: Rockwell OV-10A “Bronco” Type: Grumman S-2T
Max Speed: 225 knots (258 mph) Max Speed: 235 knots (270 mph) Crew: Single Pilot, Single Air Tactical Group Supervisor (ATGS)
Crew: Single pilot
Gallons carried: N/A Gallons carried: 1,200
Mission: Tactical coordination of aircraft over a fire to achieve incident objectives.

Mission: Fast initial attack delivery of fire retardant or water on wildland fires.

Emergency Command Center
The Oroville Emergency Command Center (ECC) provides command and control services including "pre-arrival" emergency medical dispatch for unincorporated areas of Butte County, the City of Biggs, the City of Gridley, the Town of Paradise, and the City of Oroville.

Through a boundary-drop style aid agreement, the
Oroville ECC and Chico Fire Department’s dispatch
center can directly dispatch resources from any fire
department in the county to calls in their own
jurisdiction. Often a single fire dispatch will include resources from multiple local fire agencies, all
communicating with a single dispatcher on a common
frequency.

Additionally, the Oroville ECC serves as the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES)
Fire Operational Area Mutual Aid Coordination Center
for Butte County. In this role, it coordinates all fire mutual aid requests within the county, with the
authority to acquire resources from neighboring
counties such as Yuba, Sutter, Plumas, Glenn, Colusa, Tehama, and Lassen Counties. The Oroville ECC also acts as the air ambulance coordination center for Butte, Tehama, Glenn, and Shasta Counties, handling requests and dispatching the nearest available air ambulance to emergencies (CAL FIRE 2024i).

Objectives
• Continue to provide quality command and control services, as well as excellent customer service, to all customers
• Pursue cooperative agreements with other departments and agencies to enhance efficiency of resource command and control within Butte County
• Pursue available technology to conduct command and control operations more efficiently • Cooperate fully and effectively with allied agencies
Oroville Emergency Command Center.
255
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 119 Table of Contents
Ignition Management Plan
The top three fire causes within the CWPP planning
area have remained consistent in recent years. These
causes are monitored closely by CAL FIRE’s Fire
Prevention Bureau to address and reduce fire starts.

To assist in this effort, CAL FIRE launched the “One
Less Spark” campaign—a statewide outreach initiative
aimed at reducing wildfire risks. Locally, roadside signs display fire prevention messages from this campaign
and other related efforts to raise public awareness.

The Fire Prevention Bureau staff, in coordination with
Incident Commander, conducts thorough fire origin and
cause investigations. These investigations provide
reliable data, helping pinpoint trends and identify high-risk areas. Once these trends are established, the Fire Prevention Bureau implements measures to reduce fire starts through the three E’s of fire prevention:
education, engineering, and enforcement.

To improve home safety during wildfire events, the CAL FIRE Butte Unit has revised its Defensible Space Inspection Program. Fire station personnel and inspectors conduct residential fire hazard inspections (LE100) in at-risk communities. The number of inspections has steadily increased, with 10,524 inspections completed in 2024. During these inspections, violations of PRC 4291 or Butte County Chapter 38A are recorded, and residents are given an opportunity to correct them. If needed, referrals are provided to support organizations like the Butte County Fire Safe Council.

Parcels that remain non-compliant after outreach efforts may be referred to Butte County Code Enforcement for further action, which can include citations, forced abatement, or other actions. In 2021, 61 parcels were referred to Code Enforcement, with 22 achieving compliance. By 2023, 358 cases were referred, and 107 cases resulted in Code Enforcement involvement, with 47 achieving compliance and others moving through the hearing process. In recent years, court-ordered abatements have also been carried out where necessary.

Access road in Butte County.
256
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 120 Table of Contents
This page intentionally left blank.
257
Page | 121 Table of Contents
CHAPTER 5 – COOPERATOR

FIRE MANAGEMENT

STRATEGIES
Butte County has been severely impacted by wildfires in recent years.

These wildfires affect many geographical aspects of Butte County.

Although many communities have been impacted directly, wildfires reverberate far beyond their fire footprints.

Numerous organizations including local governments, tribes, nonprofits, local districts, and community groups, continue to grow their capacity to participate in wildfire mitigation and resilience building in Butte County.

These entities work individually and collectively to identify resources to enhance safety and resilience in the face of wildfire threats. Contributing partners extend across jurisdictions and land ownerships from state and local governments to grass roots community groups. Their direct and coordinated initiatives contribute expertise, local knowledge, and partnership strengthening the ability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from wildfires.

This section outlines the correlative efforts of some of these organizations, illustrating how their joint actions effectively reduce wildfire risks and strengthen the overall resilience of Butte County communities.

By leveraging shared knowledge, resources, and strategic planning, many organizations in Butte County play a crucial role in protecting communities from the ongoing threat of wildfires.

BUTTE COUNTY COLLABORATIVE
GROUP
The Butte County Collaborative Group (BCCG) is composed of over 30 participating organizations and includes nonprofits, special districts, local tribes, community members, county departments, state and federal agencies, and private timber operators.

The mission of the BCCG is to form strategic partnerships for effective collaboration among partners engaged in forest health, ecological restoration, and wildfire safety. The vision of the group is to create landscapes that can be resilient and carry functional capacity in perpetuity. The BCCG online hub site can be accessed here; https://butte-county-collaborative-group-bcrcd.hub.arcgis.com/. 258
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 122 Table of Contents
The BCCG formed in 2022 with the development of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) and was officially launched in 2023 with quarterly meetings. The BCCG was formed at the suggestion of agencies like CAL FIRE and Sierra Nevada Conservancy. In addition, the Sierra Institute’s “Sierra To California AllLands Enhancement” (SCALE) conference was a great training grounds to gather information about other Collaborative groups in the Sierra Nevada Region. Ernest work to form the BCCG took place after the Camp Fire of November 8, 2018, to adapt to the post-fire landscape and plan for future forest health projects. Many years of collaboration, securing grant funding and partnerships, preceded the official formation of the group. Initial funding for the BCCG came from a grant from the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and assisted in developing the entity’s Memorandum of Understanding (MOU).

One of the primary goals of the BCCG is to showcase an interactive map that partners can use to complement and enhance one another’s forest health, wildfire safety, and ecological stewardship projects. Another key goal of the BCCG to is to work with tribes to strengthen traditional ecological knowledge, workforce capacity, and partner building among other opportunities.

Everyone is welcome at the BCCG meetings which are held quarterly. In addition to these meetings, forest health tours, events, socials, and trainings are made available to BCCG participants. Groups that choose to sign the MOU of the BCCG can participate as a voting member. The BCCG is led by an administrative group that assists in setting up the annual calendar, setting up agenda topics, and identifying funding needs for the BCCG’s administrative costs, which include meeting facilitation and administrative management.

The BCCG's participating organizations are involved in implementing a wide variety of fuel reduction projects, including establishing fuel breaks, conducting prescribed burns, and implementing defensible space projects to reduce wildfire intensity and improve public safety.

Through regular meetings, collaborative projects, and a comprehensive project tracker, the BCCG ensures transparent access to information and continuous improvement in wildfire resilience. Their collective efforts underscore the critical role of strategic forest management, community engagement, and multifaceted approaches in reducing the risk of catastrophic wildfires in Butte County (BCCG n.d.).

For more information and to explore the collaborative efforts in detail, please visit the BCCG website at https://butte-county-collaborative-group-bcrcd.hub.arcgis.com/ BCCG Signatories (as of 12/31/2024):

Big Chico Creek Ecological Reserve
Butte County
Butte County Air Quality Management District
Butte County Fire Safe Council
Butte County Resource Conservation District
Butte Environmental Council
Enterprise Rancheria
Konkow Valley Band of Maidu Indians
Mechoopda Indian Tribe of Chico Rancheria
North State Planning & Development Collective
Northern California Regional Land Trust
Sierra Pacific Industries
Plumas National Forest
Yankee Hill Fire Safe Council
259
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 123 Table of Contents

FIREWISE COMMUNITIES
The Firewise USA® program is a national initiative
developed by the National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA) in collaboration with federal and state
agencies to help communities reduce the risk of
wildfire damage. Designed for residents living in fireprone areas, the program emphasizes proactive measures to create safer, more resilient
neighborhoods. By providing education, resources,
and actionable strategies, Firewise USA encourages
homeowners to assess their properties and adopt
practices such as clearing flammable vegetation
(Figure 5.1), creating defensible space, and using fireresistant building materials. The program also fosters community collaboration, empowering neighborhoods
to work together to implement wildfire mitigation plans and reduce the likelihood of property loss. In Butte County, this initiative has been widely embraced, with 35 “In Good Standing” Firewise USA communities as of 2024 (Butte County Fire Safe Council 2024).

Firewise communities in Butte County are shown in Figure 5.2.

Figure 5.1. Fuel reduction before and after in Butte County oak woodlands.

CAL FIRE Station 36 Jarbo Gap.
260
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 124 Table of Contents
Figure 5.2. Firewise communities throughout the Butte County CWPP planning area. 261
Page | 125 Table of Contents
CHAPTER 6 – RISK

REDUCTION

RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter provides project recommendations, implementation guidance, and conceptual fuel treatment recommendations. CWPP recommendations have been structured around the three main goals of the Cohesive Strategy: resilient landscapes; fire-adapted communities; and safe, effective, risk-based wildfire response.

As a non-regulatory document, project and action recommendations in the CWPP are not required to be implemented. Recommendations are put forward to provide guidance and suggestions on actions that will mitigate wildland fire risk. It is at the discretion of Butte County representatives, land managers, homeowners, and stakeholder groups to determine when or if a recommendation will be implemented.

Alignment with local planning documents should be considered.

Appropriate subject matter experts, lessons learned documentation, and the best available science should be included in decision making regarding project planning, implementation, and maintenance.

Many of the recommendations listed can be implemented at the homeowner or community level. Projects requiring large-scale support can be prioritized based on the Quantitative Wildfire Risk Assessment (QWRA).

Recommendation matrixes are used throughout this chapter to serve as an action plan for implementation. Recommendations have been aligned with the strategies and goals in the 2018 Strategic Fire Plan for California, the 2021 California’s Wildfire and Forest Resilience Action Plan, and California’s Forests and Rangelands: 2017 Assessment, wherever possible.
262
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 126 Table of Contents
GOAL 1: RESTORE AND MAINTAIN

LANDSCAPES
Recommendations to restore and maintain landscapes are focused on vegetation management and hazardous fuel reduction.

Resilient landscapes refer to ecosystems that are healthy, diverse, and capable of withstanding and recovering from various disturbances, such as wildfires, climate change, invasive species, and insect infestations. General project recommendations aimed at creating more resilient landscapes in the planning area are in Table 6.1. All recommendations in this section were created through collaboration with Core Team members, stakeholders, and the public.

The CWPP Core Team also used their expertise and the QWRA to delineate broad areas of concern (see Figure 2.14). Areas of concern are regions of the planning area in which more specific mitigation efforts should be prioritized given a variety of attributes.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HAZARDOUS FUEL REDUCTION
The purpose of any fuel reduction treatment is to protect life and property by reducing the potential for and outcome of catastrophic wildfire, and to restore landscapes to a sustainable and healthy condition.

Moderating extreme fire behavior, reducing structural ignitability, creating defensible space, providing safe evacuation routes, and maintaining all roads for firefighting access can all be outcomes of fuels reduction. Use of multiple treatment methods often magnifies the benefits.

Table 6.1 summarizes the types of treatments recommended throughout the planning area. Most treatments are focused on higher-risk areas, as defined by the QWRA and Core Team input. Many of these treatment recommendations are general across the communities because similar conditions occur in those areas. Tables 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3 addresses the requirement for an action plan and assessment strategy in a CWPP by providing monitoring guidelines and a timeline for implementation. This timeline is obviously dependent on available funding and resources, as well as other factors such as environmental assessment and compliance.

When applying fuel treatments, every effort should be made to align treatments with the 2018 Strategic Fire Plan for California, 2021 California’s Wildfire and Forest Resilience Action Plan, and California’s Forest and Rangelands: 2017 Assessment (CAL FIRE 2018a, 2018c; California Wildfire and Forest Resilience Task Force 2021) with consideration of all appropriate best management practices and sound science. In addition, treatments should be strategically located in areas to maximize effectiveness of other existing and ongoing projects and to address watershed and forest health. Consideration of environmental challenges should be built into recommendations. For example, treatments may be aimed at reducing the impact of insects and disease, with sensitivity to vegetation communities affected by drought and climate change.

A list and detailed descriptions of fuels treatment types and methods is housed in Appendix G.

Treatments and strategies for homeowners to implement defensible space, reduce structural ignitability, and enhance community resilience can be found in Appendix F.

The treatment list is by no means exhaustive and should be considered purely a sample of required projects for the future management of the planning area. Many projects may be eligible for grant funds available from federal and/or state sources. For a list of funding sources, please refer to Appendix E. 263
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 127 Table of Contents

TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
There are multiple approaches to reducing fuels in wildland settings. Specific methods often involve people and machinery to mechanically manage vegetation based on a specific management prescription.

Another approach involves engaging local tribal entities to integrate traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) into land management practices, promoting and maintaining resilient landscapes (Figure 6.1).

TEK practices, such as cultural and prescribed burning, can be highly effective in maintaining natural vegetation composition and fuel loads, especially in fire-adapted landscapes.

While TEK emphasizes cultural and prescribed fire, it is important to consider that contemporary practices can vary significantly from traditional methods. Further, advocating for the benefits of fire is a shared responsibility, not solely that of Native communities. This collaborative approach within the county is demonstrated by the growing use of fire by land-managing entities, such as the Prescribed Burn Association (PBA) and CAL FIRE, working to build support and enhance the safety of fire practices through community involvement, smoke management plans, and collaborations with resource management and public health professionals. Despite these considerations, the ability to implement burning methods may be limited due to structure proximity, potential smoke impacts, or a variety of other factors. For more information on prescribed burning, refer to Appendix G.

Figure 6.1. Image of cultural burning in Butte County.

Photo credit: Big Chico Creek Ecological Reserve.

PRESCRIBED HERBIVORY
Recognizing these limitations, land management agencies have increasingly incorporated prescribed herbivory, the intentional use of domestic livestock to manage vegetation, as a fuel reduction strategy.

Prescribed herbivory, supported by the California Vegetation Treatment Program (CalVTP) and the Range Management Advisory Committee, is being implemented in fuel reduction projects statewide 264
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 128 Table of Contents
(California Department of Conservation 2024a). This method offers several advantages: it enhances air quality, minimizes noise, can be used near structures and on steep slopes, and reduces soil compaction.

However, there are limitations, such as timing constraints for treatment based on vegetation maturity and season, effectiveness (especially on 1-hour and 10-hour fuels), and potential tree girdling by herbivores (California Board of Forestry and Fire Protection 2015).

HERBICIDE APPLICATION
Herbicide application is a valuable tool for maintaining fuel breaks and rights-of-way, helping to reduce vegetation regrowth and limit the spread of invasive plant species that contribute to wildfire risk. When used strategically, herbicides can enhance the long-term effectiveness of fuels treatments by suppressing highly flammable vegetation in areas where mechanical or manual treatments alone may be insufficient or impractical.

However, the use of herbicides also comes with considerations. Potential drawbacks include impacts to non-target plant species, concerns over environmental and water quality, and the necessity for trained professionals to ensure safe and effective application. To mitigate these concerns, the CAL FIRE Butte Unit ensures that herbicide treatments comply with federal, state, and local regulations. Applications follow a written recommendation from a certified Pest Control Advisor and are conducted under the supervision of a Qualified Applicator certified by the Department of Pesticide Regulation.

Various land management strategies implemented by local, county, state, and federal partners in Butte County are discussed in more detail in the Land Management Strategies section of Appendix A.

Caution signage for a fuel reduction project in Butte County. 265
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 129 Table of Contents
Table 6.1. Recommendations for Resilient Landscapes
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources RL #1 H Ongoing Maintenance and Monitoring of
Existing and Newly Installed
Fuel Breaks
Sustain maintenance of existing
fuel breaks and progress with
execution of planned fuel breaks.

Countywide Local jurisdictions, BLM, BIA, CAL
FIRE, USFS, BCFSC, BCCG, tribal
governments, Town of Paradise, City
of Oroville, City of Chico, BCRCD,
California Department of Water
Resources (DWR)
• Execute and sustain planned fuel
break projects according to
established timelines and
priorities.
• Implement a routine maintenance
schedule and inspection schedule
for existing fuel breaks to ensure
their effectiveness.
• Maintain existing fuel breaks
according to specific vegetation
conditions, with regular monitoring
and criteria-based maintenance.
• Investigate prescribed grazing
through pilot projects to manage
vegetation, identifying potential
areas, methods, and evaluating
outcomes.
• Collaborate with relevant
agencies, organizations, and
communities to ensure project
success.
• Integrate the mitigation of
hazards, such as dead or
diseased trees, into fuel break
maintenance plans.
• Assess whether existing fuel
breaks on national forest and BLM
lands are sufficiently wide to be
effective; expand fuel breaks
where needed.
• Explore avenues to implement
monitoring programs to improve
accountability of fuels reduction
projects and enhance landscape
resilience.

Provide continued
effectiveness of
previously installed fuel
breaks, reducing wildfire
risk and protecting
communities and valued
resources.

Develop a comprehensive
monitoring plan to track the
progress and effectiveness
of fuel break maintenance
and execution. Include
specific indicators, data
collection methods, and
reporting schedules.

Ensure transparency by
regularly publishing reports
on the status and
outcomes of fuel break
projects.
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grant (CWDG)
• CAL FIRE Grant Programs
• FEMA Building Resilient Infrastructure
and Communities (BRIC) Grants
• California Fire Safe Council Grants
• Landscape Scale Restoration
Competitive Grant Program
• Butte County General fund
266
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 130 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources RL #2 H Fall 2025 Strategic Installation of Fuel
Breaks Countywide
Install fuel breaks in high-risk
areas based on risk assessment
findings to reduce wildfire risk and
protect communities.

Countywide Local jurisdictions (Butte County,
City of Chico, City of Oroville, City of
Gridley, City of Biggs, and Town of
Paradise), BLM, BIA, CAL FIRE,
USFS, BCFSC, BCCG, tribal
governments, landowners, BCRCD,
DWR
• Install fuel breaks in high-risk
areas, prioritizing underserved,
remote, and isolated areas.

Specific factors to consider for
potential fuel break locations
include:
o Community Perimeters:

Establish fuel breaks around
community boundaries.
o Wind Direction:

Strategically place fuel
breaks with respect to
average wind conditions and
their relationship to fuels and
topography in vulnerable
areas.
o Rights-of-Way: Install fuel
breaks along evacuation
corridors and other rights-ofway.
o Riparian Corridors: Reduce
ladder fuels and break up
fuel continuity along riparian
corridors leading into
communities.
o WUI Protection: Focus on
areas that support the
protection of the WUI.
o Responder Safety: Enhance
fire responder safety by
strategically placing fuel
breaks.
o Steep Topography: Target
communities surrounded by
steep topography and heavy
fuels.
o Critical Infrastructure:

Protect critical infrastructure
and facilities by placing fuel
breaks around them.
o Strategic Ridge Tops: Use
strategic ridge tops for fuel
break placement.
o Expansion Opportunities:

Look for opportunities to
expand or tie into existing
fuel breaks for improved
effectiveness.
• Assess opportunities to implement
fuels reduction projects to align
with Potential Operational
Delineations (PODs) and/or
USFS's Strategic Fire
Management Zones.
• Collaborate with tribal partners to
implement hazardous fuels
treatments on tribal lands.
• Collaborate with local planning
and the Fire Marshal's Office on
creation of fuel breaks around
new development.

Provide access to fire
personnel, establish fuel
breaks and fire
containment lines,
create resilient
landscapes, and
address potential for
extreme wildfire
behavior in and around
the WUI.

Protect communities and
critical infrastructure and
facilities.

Conduct regular
review/evaluations using
ground data, satellite
imagery, and remote
sensing tools to monitor
changes in vegetation and
fuel break integrity,
ensuring fuel break
effectiveness.

Create a database to
record maintenance
activities, incidents, and
effectiveness metrics,
accessible to necessary
stakeholders.
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grants (CWDG)
• CAL FIRE Grant Programs
• FEMA Building Resilient Infrastructure
and Communities (BRIC) Grants
• California Fire Safe Council Grants
• Landscape Scale Restoration
Competitive Grant Program
267
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 131 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources RL #3 M Fall 2025 Watershed-Scale Ecosystem
Projects
Enhance wildfire resilience, wildlife
habitat, and water quality through
cross-jurisdictional ecosystem
projects.

Countywide Butte County, DWR, BLM, BIA, CAL
FIRE, USFS, BCFSC, BCCG, Chico
State, BCCER, tribal governments
and local jurisdictions (City of Chico,
City of Oroville, City of Gridley, City
of Biggs, Town of Paradise), Butte
Environmental Council (BEC),
BCRCD
• Partner with agencies,
environmental organizations, and
community stakeholders to design
and implement integrated riparian
fuels reduction projects.
• Develop comprehensive project
plans that clearly outline specific
mitigation strategies and
ecological restoration goals.
• Employ a combination of fuels
reduction methods specifically
suited to riparian areas, including:
o Cultural Burns
o Prescribed burns
o Mechanical thinning
o Debris removal
o Chipping
o Targeted vegetation
management
• Ensure that all mitigation efforts
comply with environmental
regulations and best practices to
minimize ecological impacts.
• Use existing riparian maintenance
documentation to streamline the
environmental review and
permitting processes.
• Incorporate restoration practices
that enhance water quality, soil
health, and the recovery of native
vegetation.
• Conduct thorough assessments to
prioritize watersheds based on:
o Wildfire risk
o Presence of sensitive
species
o Overall watershed health
Reduce hazardous fuels
throughout the county,
create resilient
landscapes, and
address potential for
extreme wildfire
behavior in and around
the WUI.

Ensure the protection of
vulnerable ecosystems
and values at risk.

Develop and implement a
monitoring program to
track the effectiveness of
fuels reduction and
restoration projects.

Regularly review and
update methodologies
based on monitoring
outcomes to ensure
continuous improvement.
• CAL FIRE Forest Health Grants
• California EPA Loans and Grants
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grants (CWDG)
• California Climate Investments Fire
Prevention Grant Program (CAL FIRE)
• Landscape Scale Restoration
Competitive Grant Program
268
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 132 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources RL #4 H Fall 2025 Collaboration with Tribal
Governments*
Partner with tribal governments
and organizations to identify and
implement wildfire resilience and
ecosystem restoration projects
aligned with tribal land
management objectives and
stewardship.
* This recommendation is intended
solely as a resource to highlight
potential areas for collaboration
and support. Tribal communities
are encouraged to define their
involvement according to their own
priorities, capacities, and
resources. Partnering agencies
should fully respect and honor the
sovereignty and self-determination
of each tribal community in
considering these strategies.

Countywide Butte County, tribal governments
and organizations, BLM, BIA, CAL
FIRE, USFS, BCFSC, BCCG, Chico
State, BCCER, City of Chico, City of
Oroville, City of Gridley, City of
Biggs, Town of Paradise, BCRCD,
DWR
• Engage tribal leaders in the
development of projects to ensure
alignment with tribal land
management goals and
objectives.
• Establish formal agreements and
partnerships between the Butte
County, land management
agencies, and tribal governments
and organizations to clearly
outline shared objectives and
responsibilities.
• Conduct assessments of tribal
lands and adjacent areas to
identify vulnerable regions and
ecosystems in need of restoration
efforts.
• Implement training and education
programs to build the capacity of
tribal governments, organizations,
and local communities in wildfire
mitigation, ecosystem restoration,
and cultural preservation.
• Increase implementation of
cultural burns for forest health
restoration.

Establish cohesive
planning with tribal
management
approaches and tribal
values.

Increase organization,
efficiency, and
effectiveness in
achieving the desired
outcomes of wildfire
resilience and
ecosystem restoration.

Develop and implement
monitoring programs to
track the progress and
outcomes of restoration
projects.

Regularly review and
update methodologies
based on monitoring
results to ensure
continuous improvement.
• CAL FIRE Forest Health Grants
• California EPA Loans and Grants
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grants (CWDG)
• California Climate Investments Fire
Prevention Grant Program (CAL FIRE)
• Landscape Scale Restoration
Competitive Grant Program
• Regional Forest and Fire Capacity Grant
Program
RL #5 M Fall 2025 Post-Fire Recovery and
Restoration Projects
Expedite the completion of postfire recovery and restoration projects to ensure community
safety and enhance environmental
resilience.

Butte County
burn scar
areas
Butte County, BLM, BIA, CAL FIRE,
USFS, BCFSC, California State
Parks, tribal governments, PG&E,
BCCG, City of Chico, City of Oroville,
Town of Paradise, BCRCD, DWR
• Conduct a detailed inventory and
assessment of all incomplete
post-wildfire recovery projects.
• Prioritize identified projects based
on their importance for achieving
ecosystem objectives, ensuring
community safety, advancing
environmental restoration, and
enhancing long-term resilience.
• Collaborate with local and regional
partners, including nonprofits and
volunteer organizations, to
supplement staffing and
resources.
• Coordinate with relevant state and
county authorities to streamline
the approval and execution of
high-priority projects.
• Address immediate safety
concerns by prioritizing hazard
tree mitigation and road
maintenance projects to minimize
potential post-fire hazards.
• Focus on ecological restoration
efforts, including post-fire planting
in non-forested areas with
long-term maintenance plans, to
support habitat recovery and
strengthen environmental
resilience.

Ensure community
safety and bolster
habitat restoration and
environmental resilience
in the burned areas of
the county.

Implement regular
monitoring of the post-fire
environment to track
recovery progress and
assess ongoing postwildfire risks.

Maintain a long-term
commitment to tracking
post-wildfire recovery and
conducting assessments of
the WUI and watersheds at
risk in the post-fire
environment.
• Environmental Quality Incentives
Program (EQIP)
• Red Cross: Disaster Relief and
Recovery Services
• Red Cross Before, During & After
Wildfire
• CAL FIRE Forest Health Grants
• California EPA Loans and Grants
• Landscape Scale Restoration
Competitive Grant Program
• U.S. Department of the Interior funding
for post-wildfire burn area rehabilitation
and restoration
269
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 133 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources RL #6 H Fall 2026 Green Waste Disposal CapacityBuilding Enhance green waste disposal
capacity by acquiring additional
chipping equipment and installing
a biomass facility to efficiently
manage vegetation disposal.

Countywide Butte County, NRRWF, USFS, BLM,
CAL FIRE, PG&E, SPI, City of
Chico, City of Oroville, City of
Gridley, City of Biggs, and Town of
Paradise
• Assess the volume and types of
biomass generated through fuels
reduction in the county to
determine disposal needs.
• Procure additional chippers to
significantly enhance green waste
disposal capacity and efficiency.
• Conduct a comprehensive
feasibility study for the use of
biomass facilities to manage
green waste, evaluating safety,
environmental impact, and costeffectiveness.
• Explore and implement options to
expand biomass disposal sites,
prioritizing accessibility and
effectively addressing the needs
of the communities they serve.
• Actively engage the community in
discussions about biomass
disposal, gathering input on
preferences and addressing any
concerns.
• Allocate the necessary resources
and funding to support the
acquisition of equipment and the
construction of facilities.
• Initiate pilot programs to test the
effectiveness of various green
waste disposal methods and
collect data to inform decision
making.
o Example: Use green waste
as part of a garden mulch
process to enhance poor soil
conditions.
• Construct a biomass facility and
multi-purpose yard for wood
utilization and wood products.

Enhance regional
landscape resiliency by
increasing viability of
environmentally effective
green waste disposal
and use.

Conduct a comprehensive
review of the strategy on
an annual basis to
evaluate its effectiveness,
relevance, and financial
sustainability.

Make necessary revisions
to adapt to changing
conditions and incorporate
new best practices.
• USFS Wood Innovations Grant Program
• FEMA Building Resilient Infrastructure
and Communities (BRIC) Grants
• California EPA Loans and Grants
• CAL FIRE Forest Health Grants
• CAL FIRE Grant Programs
270
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 134 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources RL #7 H Spring 2026 Hazard Tree and Vegetation
Survey and Mitigation
Conduct a comprehensive survey
and inventory of hazard trees and
areas of dense vegetation,
focusing on high-risk areas, to
guide targeted efforts for tree
removal, maintenance, and risk
reduction.

Countywide Butte County, BLM, BIA, CAL FIRE,
USFS, BCFSC, California State
Parks, tribal governments, City of
Chico, City of Oroville, City of
Gridley, City of Biggs, Town of
Paradise, BCRCD, DWR
• Initiate a thorough survey and
inventory of hazard trees (dead
and dying trees) across all
jurisdictions, including private,
state, and federal lands.
• Compile, centralize, and share
existing information on hazard
trees to create a unified
database/hub.
o Example: Gather detailed
data on the location, species,
condition, and proximity to
infrastructure and buildings
of identified hazard trees.
• Create a data hub to facilitate
information and data sharing
between agencies.
• Prioritize the assessment of highrisk areas such as communities, roadways, and recreational sites
where hazard trees pose an
immediate threat.
• Create a detailed map and
database to record and store
information on hazard trees,
ensuring accessibility across
agencies.
• Classify hazard trees into different
risk categories to guide mitigation
efforts, focusing on the most
urgent cases.
• Develop a comprehensive hazard
tree mitigation plan outlining
strategies for tree removal,
maintenance, or treatment.
• Define responsibilities between
collaborating agencies to ensure
coordinated efforts. Develop and
implement a monitoring system to
track the progress of hazard tree
mitigation projects. Share results
with stakeholders and the public.

Reduce hazards posed
by potential trees and
stands that contribute to
extreme wildfire
behavior.

Enhance community and
firefighter safety and
improve wildfire
resilience.

Develop and implement a
monitoring system to track
the progress of hazard tree
mitigation projects and
ensure continued
effectiveness.
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grants (CWDG)
• CAL FIRE Grant Programs
• FEMA Building Resilient Infrastructure
and Communities (BRIC) Grants
• California Fire Safe Council Grants
• NFPA Firewise Grants
• Regional Forest and Fire Capacity Grant
Program
RL #8 H Fall 2025 Firewise USA Communities
Develop Firewise USA recognized
communities within Butte County
to enhance fire safety and
resilience through community
engagement and education.

Butte County
communities
without
Firewise
designation
Butte County, BLM, BIA, CAL FIRE,
USFS, BCFSC, tribal governments,
BCCG, City of Chico, City of Oroville,
City of Gridley, City of Biggs, and
Town of Paradise, DWR
• Collaborate with local community
leaders to develop Firewise USA
communities.
• Conduct community assessments
to identify fire safety needs and
implement the Firewise USA
program.
• Educate landowners on fire safety
practices.
• Form strong community
relationships and identify
community leaders to champion
fire safety initiatives.
• Provide incentives such as
insurance cost reductions to
encourage participation.

Educate landowners,
form community
relationships, identify
community leaders, and
provide insurance cost
reductions.

Enhance community
safety and resilience
through proactive fire
safety measures and
community involvement.

Regularly review and
update community fire
safety plans to ensure they
remain current and
effective.

Continuously monitor the
implementation of fire
safety measures and
conduct periodic
reassessments to address
evolving risks.
• Community Planning Assistance for
Wildfire (CPAW)
• FEMA Building Resilient Infrastructure
and Communities (BRIC) Grants
• FEMA Fire Prevention and Safety
Grants (FP&S)
• Firewise Grants
• California Fire Safe Council Grants
• Community Economic Resilience Fund
271
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 135 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources RL #9 H Fall 2025 Countywide Chipper Program
Implement a countywide no-cost
chipper program for residents in
and adjacent to the WUI to reduce
hazardous fuels and incentivize
landowners to conduct fuels
reduction.

Countywide Butte County, BLM, BIA, CAL FIRE,
USFS, BCFSC, tribal governments,
BCCG, City of Chico, City of Oroville,
City of Gridley, City of Biggs, and
Town of Paradise
• Conduct the countywide no-cost
chipper program to assist
residents in reducing hazardous
fuels.
o Focus on at-risk communities
within and adjacent to the
WUI.
• Provide incentives for landowners
to participate in fuels reduction
efforts.
• Explore integration with biomass
utilization and disposal programs.

Reduce hazardous fuels
in at-risk communities
and encourage
landowners to actively
participate in fuels
reduction.

Monitor participation rates
and assess the
effectiveness of the chipper
program to ensure it meets
community needs.

Conduct annual
evaluations to measure
impact and implement
improvements as needed.
• FEMA Building Resilient Infrastructure
and Communities (BRIC) Grants
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grants (CWDG)
• Firewise Grants
• California Fire Safe Council Grants
• Good Neighbor Citizenship Grant
• CAL FIRE Wildfire Prevention Grants
RL #10 H Fall 2025 Countywide Grazing Program
As appropriate, consider
countywide grazing for forest
health and fuels reduction, using
grazing as a maintenance tool in
completed project areas and as a
pre-fire fuels reduction method.

Countywide Butte County, BLM, BIA, CAL FIRE,
USFS, BCFSC, tribal governments,
BCCG, City of Chico, City of Oroville,
City of Gridley, City of Biggs, and
Town of Paradise
• As appropriate, implement grazing
countywide for forest health and
fuels reduction.
• Explore collaboration options with
local homeowner associations
(HOAs), school districts, and other
landowners for annual grazing
programs.
• Develop local grazing
cooperatives to incentivize
landowners to participate or work
with contractors.
• Conduct research into the
effectiveness of grazing in forest
health, resource management,
and fuels reduction.

Enhance community
safety, improve
environmental resilience,
and reduce wildfire risks
through hazardous fuels
reduction in at-risk
communities.

Encourage landowners
to conduct fuels
reduction treatments.

Regularly monitor grazing
activities and their impact
to ecosystem processes,
forest health, and fuels
reduction.

Conduct periodic
assessments to evaluate
the effectiveness and make
necessary adjustments.
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grants (CWDG)
• CAL FIRE Grant Programs
• FEMA Building Resilient Infrastructure
and Communities (BRIC) Grants
• California Fire Safe Council Grants
• Landscape Scale Restoration
Competitive Grant Program
RL #11 H Fall 2025 Success Story Development
and Tracking
Develop and track success stories
from individual and collaborative
projects and wildfire safety efforts
to highlight the effectiveness of
fuels treatment, forest health
restoration, and prescribed fire
initiatives.

Countywide Butte County, BLM, BIA, CAL FIRE,
USFS, BCFSC, tribal governments,
BCCG, City of Chico, BEC, BCRCD,
DWR
• Work with partnering agencies,
stakeholders, community
members, and local media to
implement a system to track the
overall progress and outcomes of
various projects.
• Develop and document success
stories that showcase the
effectiveness of fuels treatment,
forest health restoration,
prescribed fire, and other
collaborative projects.
• Highlight both individual and
collaborative efforts across the
county.
• Conduct comprehensive research
on the effectiveness of different
treatment types and the impacts
of wildfire on completed projects.
• Analyze data to identify most
effective practices and areas for
improvement.
• Regularly update stakeholders
and the public on successful
initiatives through detailed reports
and presentations.

Increase awareness of
successful wildfire safety
and forest health
initiatives, promote best
practices, and
encourage continued
collaboration and
innovation.

Consistently track the
progress and impact of
documented projects,
updating success stories
with new data and
outcomes as they emerge.

Maintain a curated
repository of success
stories to serve as a
valuable resource for
reference and inspiration.
• CAL FIRE Forest Health Grants
• California EPA Loans and Grants
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grants (CWDG)
• California Climate Investments Fire
Prevention Grant Program (CAL FIRE)
• Landscape Scale Restoration
Competitive Grant Program
• Regional Forest and Fire Capacity Grant
Program
272
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 136 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources RL #12 H Fall 2025 Hazardous Fuels Reduction
Along Evacuation Routes
Implement hazardous fuels
reduction along evacuation routes
and maintain completed roadside
fuels reduction projects.

Countywide Butte County, BLM, BIA, CAL FIRE,
USFS, BCFSC, tribal governments,
BCCG, City of Chico, City of Oroville,
City of Gridley, City of Biggs, Town
of Paradise, BCRCD, DWR
• Conduct comprehensive risk
assessments to identify high-risk
evacuation routes that require
hazardous fuels reduction.
o Prioritize routes based on
factors such as population
density, historical wildfire
data, and proximity to critical
infrastructure.
• Implement fuels reduction projects
along prioritized routes, using
methods such as mechanical
thinning, prescribed burns, and
debris removal to reduce fuel
loads.
• Ensure that all activities comply
with environmental regulations
and best practices to minimize
ecological impacts.
• Implement adaptive management
practices to refine and improve
maintenance strategies based on
monitoring data, vegetation
regrowth, and changing
conditions.
• Engage with tribal partners to
conduct treatments in and around
tribal communities.

Enhance the safety of
residents and
emergency responders
during wildfire events by
ensuring that evacuation
routes are free from
hazardous fuels and
well-maintained.

Develop a monitoring
system to track the
condition of evacuation
routes and the
effectiveness of fuels
reduction efforts.

Conduct regular
reassessments and
maintenance to ensure that
evacuation routes remain
safe and clear of
hazardous fuels.
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grants (CWDG)
• CAL FIRE Wildfire Prevention Grants
• FEMA Fire Prevention and Safety
Grants (FP&S)
• California Fire Safe Council Grants
• Community Planning Assistance for
Wildfire (CPAW)
273
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 137 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources RL #13 H Fall 2025 Invasive Species Control
Implement a comprehensive
invasive species control program
to manage and reduce the spread
of invasive plant species.

Countywide Butte County, BLM, BIA, CAL FIRE,
USFS, BCFSC, tribal governments,
PG&E, BCCG, Chico State, BCCER,
City of Chico, City of Oroville, City of
Gridley, City of Biggs, Town of
Paradise, BEC, BCRCD, DWR
• Conduct comprehensive surveys
to identify and map the distribution
of invasive species across the
county, prioritizing post-fire areas
where invasive species infestation
is common.
o Use GIS technology to
create detailed maps of
invasive species hotspots
and prioritize areas for
control efforts.
• Develop and implement an
Integrated Pest Management Plan
that combines mechanical,
chemical, prescribed fire and
biological control methods.
o Mechanical control: Manual
removal, mowing, and tilling
to physically remove invasive
plants.
o Chemical control: Application
of herbicides in a targeted
and environmentally
responsible manner.
o Biological control:

Introduction of natural
predators or pathogens to
control invasive species
populations.
o Prescribed fire: Application of
controlled fire to the
landscape. Consider
prescribed fire as a treatment
option (see Chico Park’s
Department use to control
yellow star thistle).
• After invasive species removal,
implement restoration projects to
re-establish native vegetation and
ensure long-term habitat health.
• Engage and educate the
community about the importance
of invasive species control and
encourage participation in
volunteer removal efforts.

Protect native
ecosystems and
biodiversity by reducing
the spread of invasive
species.

Enhance wildfire
resilience by managing
invasive species that
contribute to increased
fuel loads.

Improve soil health and
water quality by
restoring native
vegetation.

Conduct regular surveys
and assessments to detect
new invasions and monitor
the success of restoration
projects.

Implement adaptive
management practices to
adjust control strategies
based on monitoring data,
vegetation regrowth, and
changing conditions.
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grants (CWDG)
• FEMA Building Resilient Infrastructure
and Communities (BRIC) Grants
• California EPA Loans and Grants
• CAL FIRE Forest Health Grants
• Landscape Scale Restoration
Competitive Grant Program
274
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 138 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources RL #14 H Workforce Development and
Training
Conduct training for agencies and
organizations to increase capacity
in implementing forest health and
fuels reduction projects.

Countywide Butte County, BLM, BIA, CAL FIRE,
USFS, BCFSC, Chico State,
BCCER, tribal governments, PG&E,

BCRCD, BCCG, BEC, DWR
• Develop and deliver
comprehensive training programs
that focus on forest health and
fuels reduction techniques,
incorporating a blend of practical
hands-on training, classroom
instruction, and field
demonstrations.
o Topics to include prescribed
burning, mechanical thinning,
invasive species control, and
ecological restoration.
• Provide essential resources and
support to agencies and
organizations to strengthen their
ability to implement projects
effectively.
• Foster strategic partnerships to
leverage expertise, facilitate
knowledge exchange, and
promote collaboration.
• Establish mentorship programs to
guide and develop the next
generation of professionals in the
field.

Build a skilled workforce
capable of addressing
wildfire risks and
promoting ecological
health.

Enhance the capacity of
local agencies and
organizations to manage
and implement complex
projects.

Evaluate training programs
to ensure they meet the
needs of participants and
adapt based on feedback.

Track the implementation
of skills and knowledge
gained through training to
measure impact.

Provide ongoing support
and advanced training
opportunities to maintain
and enhance skill levels.
• FEMA Building Resilient Infrastructure
and Communities (BRIC) Grants
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grants (CWDG)
• FEMA Fire Prevention and Safety
Grants (FP&S)
• EPA Environmental Education Grants
• CAL FIRE Grant Programs
• California Fire Safe Council Grants
RL #15 H Implement Intentional Fire and
Sustain Countywide Prescribed
Burn Association (PBA)
Implement intentional fire
(e.g., broadcast burning, pile
burning, cultural fire, biochar) as a
maintenance tool for completed
project areas and as an initial
treatment in untreated areas to
promote ecological health and
reduce hazardous fuels
throughout the county.

Countywide Butte County RCD, Butte County,

BLM, CAL FIRE, USFS, BCFSC,
BCCG, Chico State, BCCER, City of
Chico, City of Oroville, City of
Gridley, City of Biggs, and Town of
Paradise, Tribal Fire Practitioners
• Implement prescribed burns with
landowners to increase
community capacity to reintroduce fire.
• Develop detailed plans for
prescribed fire and cultural
burning, including clear objectives,
methods, and safety protocols.
o Coordinate with tribal groups
to incorporate cultural
burning practices and
traditional ecological
knowledge (TEK).
• Secure necessary permits and
approvals from relevant
authorities and ensure all burns
are carried out under optimal
weather conditions to minimize
risks.
• Conduct prescribed and cultural
burns in targeted areas to reduce
hazardous fuels, enhance
ecological health, and promote
carbon sequestration through
biochar production.
• Support local community-scale
prescribed burning year-round,
increasing the pace and scale of
prescribed fire and offering
education to landowners.

Empower landowners to
conduct burns reducing
wildfire risks and
promoting ecological
health.

Enhance the capacity of
local organizations and
community members to
create resilient
communities.

Monitor burn areas to
assess the effectiveness
and ecological impact
using remote sensing and
field surveys.

Conduct follow-up
treatments as necessary to
maintain desired
conditions.

Regularly review and
update burn plans based
on monitoring data and
community feedback.
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grants (CWDG)
• FEMA Fire Prevention and Safety
Grants (FP&S)
• EPA Environmental Education Grants
• CAL FIRE Grant Programs
• California Fire Safe Council Grants
275
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 139 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources RL #16 H Butte County Prescribed Fire
Resource Team
Establish and train professional
teams to implement prescribed fire
projects, support Tribal and
community-led efforts, provide
education and outreach, and
enhance wildfire resilience while
increasing the pace, scale, and
affordability of prescribed fire
treatments.

Countywide Butte County RCD, BCFSC, USFS,
BLM, Tribal Fire Practitioners, City of
Chico, City of Oroville, City of
Gridley, City of Biggs, Town of
Paradise
• Create specialized teams with
trained professionals.
o Coordinate with tribal groups
to incorporate cultural
burning practices and
traditional ecological
knowledge (TEK).
• Build a professional workforce
pipeline through certifications,
hands-on training, mentorship,
and ongoing development in
prescribed fire management.
• Provide workshops, toolkits, and
technical assistance to empower
landowners, community groups,
and volunteers to conduct safe
and effective prescribed burns.
• Simplify the permitting process
though effective cross-agency
coordination.
• Develop comprehensive safety
plans, conduct risk assessments,
and train team members and
volunteers in fireline safety and
emergency response.
• Cross-train teams for wildfire
suppression and establish
partnerships with local fire
agencies to support emergency
response during peak wildfire
season.

Increase the pace and
scale of prescribed fire
implementation, while
lowering costs for
landowners and
agencies.

Build a skilled workforce
capable of addressing
wildfire risks and
promoting ecological
health.

Ensure ongoing training
and skill development for
the prescribed fire resource
teams.

Regularly review and
update burn plans based
on monitoring data and
community feedback.
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grants (CWDG)
• FEMA Fire Prevention and Safety
Grants (FP&S)
• EPA Environmental Education Grants
• CAL FIRE Grant Programs
• California Fire Safe Council Grants
276
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 140 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources RL #17 H Wildfire Hazard and Invasive
Species Reduction Project
Use alternative treatments and
methods for controlling the annual
growth of nonnative species.

Town of
Paradise
Town of Paradise, BCFSC, Butte
County RCD, CAL FIRE and
Paradise Ridge Fire Safe Council
• The methods and practices for
multi-year plans to break the cycle
of annual growth are already
being developed in a project
between the Town of Paradise,
Paradise Ridge Fire Safe Council,
and Butte County Fire Safe
Council with technical assistance
from the Butte County Resource
Conservation District and Tribal
communities. The methods being
developed will use all tools
available such as grazing,
mastication, mowing, spraying,
pulling, soil sterilization, biochar,
and land clearing and planting of
selected strategic trees and native
vegetation to develop site-specific
multiyear prescriptions to reduce
or eliminate the immediate return
of invasive species and
encourage native species for the
following growing periods.
• This project will provide incentives
to the owners of lots to employ
methods that break the annual
return cycle of flammable
vegetation. These methods will
often be multiyear and multimethod applications to change the current paradigm of a vigorous
annual return of highly flammable
vegetation.

Protect homes and
thousands of people.

As needed. • Hazard Mitigation Grants
• CAL FIRE California Climate
Investments (CCI) Grants
277
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 141 Table of Contents
GOAL 2: FIRE-ADAPTED

COMMUNITIES
In this CWPP, recommendations for fire-adapted communities include public education and outreach actions and actions to reduce structural ignitability.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACH
Actions on the landscape are only a partial solution to reducing wildfire hazard; public education and action are critical for reducing human-caused ignitions, reducing the ignition potential of homes, and community wildfire resilience. Lack of knowledge, lack of positive actions (e.g., failing to create adequate defensible space within the home ignition zone), and negative actions (e.g., keeping leaf litter and exposed propane tanks close to structures) all contribute to increased risk of loss.

Table 6.2 lists public education recommendations to be implemented in the county.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENGINEERING AND REDUCING

STRUCTURAL IGNITABILITY
In addition to recommendations for public education and outreach, Table 6.2 also provides a list of community-based recommendations to reduce structural ignitability. Studies have shown that burning vegetation beyond 120 feet of a structure is unlikely to ignite that property through radiant heat (Butler and Cohen 1996). Maintaining defensible space and protecting the home from ignition from embers, including maintaining covers over vents and other openings, is strongly advised to protect a home from ignition. If property owners have failed to provide mitigation efforts on their own land, the risk of home ignition remains high, and firefighter lives are put at risk when they carry out structural defense.

The importance of maintaining defensible space and reducing structural ignitability around residences is highlighted by the outcomes of recent inspections conducted within the Park Fire perimeter. A total of 173 defensible space inspections were conducted within the Park Fire perimeter 6 months before ignition, revealing that 105 residences were compliant and 68 were non-compliant. The survival rate for compliant residences was 89%, significantly higher than the 60% survival rate for non-compliant residences.

Historical data suggest that recent inspections could have potentially increased compliance among the non-compliant parcels. Furthermore, a review of 283 inspections older than 6 months shows a survival rate of 61% for compliant residences and 34% for non-compliant ones, underscoring the critical importance of recent defensible space inspections in enhancing the survivability of both compliant and non-compliant residences.

Supplemental detailed information regarding defensible space practices as well as a list of actions for reducing structural ignitability can be found in Appendix F.

Structural Ignitability Ordinances and Regulations
A crucial element of the 2018 Strategic Fire Plan for California is safeguarding structures in the event of a wildfire, as this is one of the most challenging and expensive assets to protect. The term "structural 278
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 142 Table of Contents
ignitability" refers to how likely a structure is to catch fire during a wildland fire. Factors that can contribute to igniting a fire include any materials that can easily catch fire from embers (CAL FIRE 2024i).

All landowners aiming to reduce the ignitability of their property should follow the regional guidelines tailored to their specific geographic and legislative context.

The Butte County Fire Prevention and Protection Ordinance Chapter 38A mandates that all structures in unincorporated areas maintain a 5-foot perimeter free of combustible materials. This 5-foot perimeter, commonly referred to as the Ember Ignition Zone, is a critical area 5 feet from a structure where embers can ignite structures even before the main fire arrives (CAL FIRE 2024i). Maintaining this zone free of combustible materials significantly reduces the risk of ember ignition and subsequent structural loss.

At the state level, Chapter 7A of the California Building Code establishes regulations for building materials and construction methods to enhance wildfire resistance. These standards aim to increase a building’s resistance to flames and embers by specifying requirements for roofing, exterior walls, vents, windows, doors, and other exterior components. The regulations apply to new buildings in any Fire Hazard Severity Zone and WUI areas. Chapter 7A also outlines the requirements for vegetation management to create defensible space around structures.

California Public Resource Code (PRC) 4291 mandates that property owners in mountainous, forest, brush, and grass-covered areas maintain defensible space around structures to reduce wildfire risk. New or rebuilt structures must comply with all applicable building standards. The code provides guidance and requirements for best practices in carrying out fuel reduction activities aimed at reducing the risk of structure ignition and wildfire impacts to property. For a detailed summary of the practices specified in PRC 4291, please refer to Figure 6.2.

The implementation of any recommendations aimed at reducing structural ignitability must comply with Chapter 7A of the California Building Code and CA PRC 4291. A list of pertinent legislation is provided in Appendix A, Legislative Direction.
279
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 143 Table of Contents
Figure 6.2. California PRC 4291 Requirements vs. Butte County Chapter 38A. 280
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 144 Table of Contents
This page intentionally left blank.
281
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 145 Table of Contents
Table 6.2. Recommendations for Creating Fire-Adapted Communities (Public Education and Reducing Structural Ignitability) Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources FAC #1 H Ongoing Public Education and
Community Engagement
Program
Continue to develop a
comprehensive public
education and community
engagement program to
reduce wildfire risks and
educate citizens about wildfire
hazards.

Countywide Butte County, local fire
safe councils, CAL FIRE,
BIA, local fire jurisdictions,
USFS, BLM, local nonprofit
organizations, tribal
governments, Butte County
Resource Conservation
District, City of Chico, City
of Oroville, City of Gridley,
City of Biggs, and Town of
Paradise, BEC, DWR
• Continue the Be Ready Butte campaign
with a comprehensive outreach plan that
addresses the County's unique
challenges. Use a mix of online and
offline communication channels
(e.g., social media, local organization
websites, bulk mailing, radio, local
newspapers) to ensure messaging
reaches all residents and visitors.
• Develop and distribute materials on
topics such as riparian fuels, buffer
strips, defensible space, fire-safe
landscaping, structural hardening, and
prescribed burning.
• Raise awareness about common human
ignition sources and the wildfire risks
associated with invasive plants.
• Ensure inclusivity and support for
vulnerable populations (e.g., disabled
residents, low-income individuals, tribal
members, non-English speakers) in
wildfire planning, preparedness, and
response efforts.
• Continue to expand collaborations with
local organizations such as Master
Gardeners and UC Extension.
• Partner with federal agencies, special
districts, community associations, fire
safe councils, schools, and nonprofits to
facilitate outreach efforts.
o Conduct educational campaigns for
prescribed fire and smoke impacts
and awareness.
• Engage with tribal communities in the
planning process to create targeted
outreach efforts and programs.
• Host evacuation preparedness
workshops, and test evacuation plans
through community-wide evacuation
tests.

Reduce the risk of
human-caused
wildfires and build
resilient
communities by
educating citizens
on wildfire hazards
and safety measures
and fostering
community
involvement.

Conduct regular reviews and timely
updates of outreach materials to keep
information relevant and impactful.

Monitor local engagement levels and
track participation in educational
programs to assess community reach
and effectiveness.
• FEMA Building Resilient
Infrastructure and Communities
(BRIC) Grants
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grants (CWDG)
• FEMA Fire Prevention and Safety
(FP&S) Grants
• EPA Environmental Education
Grants
• CAL FIRE Grant Programs
• California Fire Safe Council Grants
282
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 146 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources FAC #2 H Defensible Space Resident
Assistance Program, Fuels
Reduction Assistance
Program, and Small Forest
Landowner Assistance
Program
Implement the Resident
Assistance Program, Fuels
Reduction Assistance
Program, and Small Forest
Landowner Assistance
Program for defensible space
clearance countywide to
reduce hazardous fuels in the
defensible space zone.

Countywide Butte County, BLM, BIA,

CAL FIRE, USFS, BCFSC,
BCRCD, tribal
governments, BCCG,
DWR
• Establish clear eligibility criteria to
determine which residents qualify for the
no-cost defensible space clearance
services, prioritizing low-income, elderly,
and disabled individuals.
• Ensure a streamlined application process
to ensure accessibility and ease for
residents.
• Identify priority residents (low-income,
elderly, or disabled) who require
assistance with defensible space
clearance.
o Engage in outreach efforts to inform
eligible residents about the program
and the application process.
o Partner with local organizations to
identify and reach those in need of
assistance.
• Offer no-cost defensible space clearance
services to priority residents, using
trained personnel and specialized
equipment to ensure safe and effective
clearance.
• Develop forest management plans and
reduce fuels to support landowners with
community resilience.
• Involve and engage tribal communities.

Reduce hazardous
fuels around homes,
reducing the
likelihood of wildfire
spreading to
structures and
increasing
countywide
resilience.

Support vulnerable
populations in
maintaining
defensible space.

Track and monitor program outcomes
to assess the effectiveness of
clearance efforts and ensure the
program meets its goals.

Offer periodic program updates and
feedback opportunities to residents,
ensuring continuous effectiveness and
improvement.
• FEMA Building Resilient
Infrastructure and Communities
(BRIC) Grants
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grants (CWDG)
• Firewise Grants
• California Fire Safe Council Grants
• Good Neighbor Citizenship Grant
• CAL FIRE Wildfire Prevention Grants
FAC #3 H Countywide Home
Hardening
Implement countywide home
hardening techniques to
increase structure resilience to
wildfire.

Countywide Butte County, BLM, BIA,

CAL FIRE, USFS, BCFSC,
tribal governments, BCCG,
City of Chico, City of
Oroville, City of Gridley,
City of Biggs, and Town of
Paradise
• Provide personalized recommendations
and education on home hardening
techniques, including the use of fireresistant materials and design modifications.
• Assist landowners with the
implementation of home hardening
measures, such as replacing vents,
windows, siding, and roofing materials.
• Use skilled contractors to ensure highquality installations and provide financial assistance or incentives where possible.
• Establish bulk purchasing programs for
fire-resistant materials to reduce costs
for homeowners.
• Develop comprehensive educational
materials and conduct workshops to
inform residents about the benefits and
methods of home hardening.
• Promote the program through community
events, local media, and social media
platforms to reach a wide audience.
o Create demonstration projects to
showcase effective home hardening
techniques on social media and at
events.

Enhance home
resilience to wildfires
by educating
residents on
effective home
hardening
techniques to reduce
the risk of structural
damage during
wildfires.

Conduct follow-up assessments to
ensure the effectiveness of home
hardening measures.

Provide ongoing support and
education to residents, including
updates on new technologies and best
practices.

Establish a feedback mechanism for
homeowners to report issues or
improvements.
• FEMA Building Resilient
Infrastructure and Communities
(BRIC) Grants
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grants (CWDG)
• Community Development Block
Grants (CDBG)
• Firewise Grants
• California Fire Safe Council Grants
• Good Neighbor Citizenship Grant
• CAL FIRE Wildfire Prevention Grants
283
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 147 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources FAC #4 H Intentional Fire Education
Conduct education and
outreach to spread awareness
and understanding regarding
prescribed burning and smoke
impacts.

Countywide Butte County, BLM, CAL

FIRE, USFS, BIA, BCFSC,
BCRCD, tribal
governments, BCCG,
Chico State, BCCER, City
of Chico, City of Oroville,
City of Gridley, City of
Biggs, and Town of
Paradise, BEC, DWR
• Engage the community through public
meetings, workshops, and educational
materials to raise awareness about the
benefits and safety of intentional fire.
• Develop and implement public education
programs that explain the benefits of
prescribed fire, including its role in
wildfire risk reduction, ecological
restoration, and cultural preservation.
• Offer training and resources to
landowners interested in using
prescribed fire on their properties (i.e.,
Prescribed Fire Training Exchange).
• Host community events, such as open
houses and live burn demonstrations, to
increase public understanding and
support for prescribed fire efforts.
• Engage volunteers in the Butte County
Prescribed Burn Association and Butte
County Prescribed Fire Resource Team.

Promote public
knowledge and
safety through
increased education
relating to
prescribed fire.

Track participation and feedback
regarding educational materials.

Update materials as necessary with
changing conditions.
• CAL FIRE Grant Programs
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grants (CWDG)
• California Fire Safe Council Grants
FAC #5 H Butte County Collaborative
Group Coordination
Conduct quarterly meetings for
wildfire safety and forest health
coordination, planning, and
education, and monthly forest
health tours to educate
community members, partners,
and agencies.

Countywide Butte County, BLM, BIA,

CAL FIRE, USFS, BCFSC,
tribal governments, PG&E,
Butte County RCD, BCCG,
City of Chico, City of
Oroville, City of Gridley,
City of Biggs, and Town of
Paradise, DWR
• Conduct quarterly meetings to coordinate
wildfire safety and forest health
initiatives, involving all relevant
stakeholders.
• Develop and update comprehensive
plans based on collaborative input and
new information.
• Establish working groups to address
specific issues and projects.
• Organize monthly forest health tours to
educate community members, partners,
and agencies.
• Provide hands-on learning opportunities
and demonstrations of best practices in
forest management and wildfire
mitigation.
• Develop and distribute educational
materials to support ongoing learning.

Enhance
coordination and
collaboration among
stakeholders and
foster a culture of
continuous learning
and adaptation.

Increase community
knowledge and
involvement in forest
health and wildfire
safety.

Track participation and feedback from
meetings and tours to assess the
effectiveness of the program.

Adjust the program based on
participant input and evolving needs.

Maintain records of meeting outcomes
and action items for accountability and
follow-up.
• FEMA Building Resilient
Infrastructure and Communities
(BRIC) Grants
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grants (CWDG)
• FEMA Fire Prevention and Safety
(FP&S) Grants
• EPA Environmental Education
Grants
• CAL FIRE Grant Programs
• California Fire Safe Council Grants
FAC #6 H Development of Forest
Management Plans
Collaboratively develop Forest
Management Plans.

Countywide Butte County, BLM, BIA,

CAL FIRE, USFS, BCFSC,
tribal governments, PG&E,
Butte County RCD, BCCG,
City of Chico, City of
Oroville, and Town of
Paradise, DWR
• Develop community-scale forest
management plans to educate
landowners on land management
techniques.
• Address specific needs and goals of
landowners, such as timber production,
wildlife habitat conservation, or
recreational use.
• Integrate best practices in sustainable
forest management, including selective
logging, prescribed burns, and invasive
species management.
• Ensure plans are aligned with local,
state, and federal regulations and
policies.

Educate community
members on
ecological benefits
of forest
management.

Provide technical,
digestible guidance
on forest
management
practices applied for
community
protection and
resilience.

Develop a monitoring framework to
track the progress and effectiveness of
the management plans.

Conduct regular field assessments to
evaluate forest health, biodiversity,
and other key indicators.

Use remote sensing and GIS tools to
monitor changes in forest cover and
land use patterns.
• FEMA Building Resilient
Infrastructure and Communities
(BRIC) Grants
• USFS Community Wildfire Defense
Grants (CWDG)
• FEMA Fire Prevention and Safety
(FP&S) Grants
• EPA Environmental Education
Grants
• CAL FIRE Grant Programs
• California Fire Safe Council Grants
284
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 148 Table of Contents
This page intentionally left blank.
285
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 149 Table of Contents
GOAL 3: WILDFIRE RESPONSE
Goal 3 of the Cohesive Strategy/Western Regional Action Plan is Wildfire Response: All jurisdictions coordinate to implement safe, effective, risk-based management decisions.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING FIRE RESPONSE

CAPABILITIES
This section provides recommended actions that various agencies, as well as the public, could implement to support safe, effective wildfire response (Table 6.3). Recent wildfires in and around the county underscore the importance of safe and effective wildfire response and highlight the multifaceted challenges in responding to wildfire throughout the diverse landscapes present in the planning area. This intricate issue requires cooperation and collaborative efforts between various levels of government, response agencies, and the public.

Often during wildfire incidents, resources are stretched thin due to fire personnel committed to other ongoing fires. Increased community preparedness through education is a key factor in supporting local fire departments, in particular education regarding emergency notifications and evacuation protocols.

To learn more about public education and outreach programs, see Appendix F. 286
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 150 Table of Contents
This page intentionally left blank.
287
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 151 Table of Contents
Table 6.3. Recommendations for Safe and Effective Wildfire Response Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources FR #1 H CWPP Project
Implementation
Support implementation of
projects identified in local,
county, and tribal CWPPs.

Countywide Butte County, CAL FIRE,

BIA, USFS, BCCG
membership
organizations, BCFSC,
local fire departments,
federal and tribal
governments, private
organizations and
companies, City of Chico,
City of Oroville, City of
Gridley, City of Biggs, and
Town of Paradise
• Promote continuous support and
implementation of various wildfire
management projects identified.
• Conduct regular reviews of the CWPPs to
identify priority projects.
• Coordinate with local agencies and
stakeholders to ensure alignment and
support.
• Implement identified projects through a
collaborative approach, leveraging
available resources and expertise.

Protect life and property through
coordinated wildfire
management.

Establish a cohesive planning
approach regarding wildfire
management.

Conduct annual maintenance and
updates to materials and project
plans.

Monitor progress through regular
reporting and evaluations, and
adjust strategies based on
feedback and changing
conditions.
• Community Planning
Assistance for Wildfire
(CPAW)
• FEMA Building Resilient
Infrastructure and
Communities (BRIC) Grants
• FEMA Fire Prevention and
Safety (FP&S) Grants
• Firewise Grants
• National Urban and
Community Forest Program
• California Fire Safe Council
Grants
• Regional Forest and Fire
Capacity Grant Program
• Landscape Scale
Restoration Competitive
Grant Program (USFS)
• Butte Strong Fund
• California Climate
Investments Program
• California Forest
Improvement Program
FR #2 H Code Enforcement
Vegetation Abatement and
other local codes and
ordinance enforcement.

Countywide Butte County, City of
Chico, City of Oroville,
City of Gridley, City of
Biggs, and Town of
Paradise
• Enhance enforcement capacity of Butte
County Code 38A and other local
ordinances by securing increased funding
and personnel resources to effectively
follow through with court-ordered
hazardous vegetation abatement orders.
o Identify necessary funding allocations
required to cover the costs of courtordered abatement operations. • Provide specialized training for code
enforcement officers on wildfire risk
reduction, hazardous vegetation
identification, and effective abatement
practices.
• Establish an efficient system for tracking
violations, enforcement actions, and
compliance progress, ensuring
accountability and timely follow-up.
• Provide educational resources to
landowners on vegetation management
requirements and compliance
expectations, fostering proactive
community involvement.
o Outline clear consequences and
issue court-ordered hazardous
vegetation abatement orders.

Protect life and property through
effective vegetation
management.

Provide a mechanism for
enforcement of Chapter 38A on
chronically non-compliant
parcels.

Implement routine inspections in
high-risk areas to identify
hazardous vegetation early and
prevent escalation of risks.

Regularly update training and
resources for code enforcement
officers.

Conduct routine monitoring and
evaluation of enforcement
activities.
• Community Planning
Assistance for Wildfire
(CPAW)
• FEMA Building Resilient
Infrastructure and
Communities (BRIC) Grants
• FEMA Fire Prevention and
Safety (FP&S) Grants
Firewise grants
• National Urban and
Community Forest Program
• California Fire Safe Council
Grants
• Regional Forest and Fire
Capacity Grant Program
• Landscape Scale
Restoration Competitive
Grant Program (USFS)
• Federal Earmark
• Butte Strong Fund
• California Climate
Investments Program
• California Forest
Improvement Program
288
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 152 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources FR #3 H Public Assembly Points
Establish signage for public
assembly points in alignment
with local planning efforts.

Countywide Butte County Office of
Emergency Management,
City of Chico, City of
Oroville, City of Gridley,
City of Biggs, and Town
of Paradise
• Use existing planning and resources from
local agencies to identify high-risk areas
and address needs for signage and
opportunities for public assembly points.
• Conduct joint planning sessions to ensure
all stakeholders are aligned with the
evacuation strategies and understand their
roles and responsibilities.
• Engage with local emergency
management agencies, fire departments,
law enforcement, and community
organizations.
• Incorporate input from community
members to address specific needs and
concerns.
• Install clear, durable, and reflective
signage that can be easily seen in various
conditions, including low visibility due to
smoke or darkness.
• Identify safe locations within the
community that can serve as public
assembly points for individuals who may
not be able to evacuate immediately.
• Conduct community education programs
and distribute printed and digital materials.

Improve the efficiency and safety
of evacuations for residents and
first responders.

Conduct periodic maintenance
and replacement of signage.

Update sign locations as the
evacuation plan is updated.

Regularly review and improve
evacuation plans based on
feedback and drills.
• Community Planning
Assistance for Wildfire
(CPAW)
• FEMA Building Resilient
Infrastructure and
Communities (BRIC) Grants
Firewise grants
• National Urban and
Community Forest Program
• Challenge Cost Share Grant
Program
• California Fire Foundation
Grant Program
• Federal Earmark
• FEMA Assistance to
Firefighters Grants (AFG)
• FEMA Fire Prevention and
Safety (FP&S) Grants
• FEMA Hazard Mitigation
Grant Program (HMGP)
• USFS Community Wildfire
Defense Grant (CWDG)
• Butte Strong Fund
FR #4 H Fire Department Staffing
Increase fire department
career personnel staffing to
meet newly established
minimum standards.

Countywide All Fire Departments
Countywide
• Conduct a staffing needs assessment to
determine optimal personnel levels based
on response times, call volume, and
community risk factors.
• Increase current staffing model minimum
staffing needs:
o Three firefighters per apparatus, in
alignment with other local municipal
fire departments.
o Provide for one career-staffed water
tender every day, year-round.
• Evaluate fire station staffing needs based
on populations growth.
• Implement a mentorship program to
support new hires, increase retention, and
foster career development within the
department.
• Develop retention initiatives like
continuous training, career advancement
opportunities, and wellness programs to
ensure long-term workforce stability.
• Provide training and resources to ensure
readiness and effectiveness.

Improve wildland fire initial and
extended attack capabilities.

Reduce damage caused by
wildfires through increased
response times and resource
availability.

Reduce likelihood of firefighter
injuries and fatalities through
increased support.

Leverage technology and data to
monitor staffing impacts on
response times and adjust
staffing goals as community
needs evolve.

Regularly review and adjust
staffing models based on needs
and budget.
• FEMA Assistance to
Firefighters (AFG) Grants
• Firewise grants
• National Urban and
Community Forest Program
• GSA-Federal Excess
Personal Property (GSA)
• California Fire Foundation
Grant Program
• Federal Earmark
• FEMA Staffing for Adequate
Fire and Emergency
Response (SAFER) Grants
• Revenue measures such as
sales or property tax
289
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 153 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources FR #5 H Fire Department Volunteer
Personnel Staffing
Increase the number of
volunteer firefighters through
enhanced recruitment and
retention activities.

Countywide Butte County Fire
Department
• Increase recruitment and retention
activities such as:
o Billboard advertising
o Radio advertising
o TV advertising
o Newspaper advertising
o Social media advertising
o Direct community outreach
o Certification incentive program
• Regularly recognize and celebrate the
contributions of volunteer firefighters
through awards, public acknowledgments,
and appreciation events.
• Establish a mentorship program where
experienced volunteers guide and support
new recruits.

Augment career firefighter
staffing structure to ensure timely
response to emergencies when
career firefighters are committed
to other emergencies.

Track metrics such as the
number of new recruits, retention
rates, and volunteer satisfaction
surveys.

Stay informed about best
practices and innovative
approaches in volunteer
recruitment and retention.

Maintain open lines of
communication with volunteers to
understand their needs,
concerns, and suggestions.
• FEMA Assistance to
Firefighters (AFG) Grants
• Firewise Grants
• National Urban and
Community Forest Program
• GSA-Federal Excess
Personal Property (GSA)
• California Fire Foundation
Grant Program Grant
Funding
• Federal Earmark
• FEMA Staffing for Adequate
Fire and Emergency
Response (SAFER) Grants
FR #6 H Defensible Space Inspection
(DSI) Positions
Establish dedicated
(permanent) DSI positions,
including a Defensible Space
Fire Captain and Defensible
Space Inspectors.

Countywide Butte County Fire
Department, Chico Fire
Department, Paradise
Fire Department, and
Oroville Fire Department.
• Assess the current need for dedicated DSI
positions by analyzing wildfire risk data,
community compliance levels, and existing
inspection capacities.
o Determine the optimal structure and
number of DSI positions required to
effectively cover the county.
• Launch a targeted recruitment campaign
to attract qualified candidates through job
boards, professional networks, and local
advertising.
• Equip DSI personnel with the necessary
tools and technology, such as GIS
mapping software, mobile inspection apps,
and communication devices, to enhance
their efficiency and effectiveness.
• Conduct regular inspections of properties
to ensure compliance with Butte County
Code Chapter 38A and PRC 4291.
• Organize community workshops staffed
with new DSI employees, informational
sessions, and outreach programs to
educate residents about the importance of
defensible space and how to achieve
compliance.
o Develop and distribute educational
materials.

Strengthen fire prevention and
protection efforts to safeguard
communities and valuable
resources using proactive code
enforcement and strategic
mitigation measures.

Establish a system for routine
monitoring and evaluation of the
DSI program's effectiveness,
including key performance
indicators.

Conduct regular reviews and
audits of inspection reports and
enforcement actions to ensure
accuracy and consistency.

Solicit feedback from property
owners and community
members.
• Federal Earmark
• FEMA Fire Prevention and
Safety (FP&S) Grants
• Cal OES Proposition 4
(Prop 4) Grants
• USFS Community Wildfire
Defense Grant (CWDG)
• FEMA Staffing for Adequate
Fire and Emergency
Response (SAFER) Grants
• California Fire Safe Council
Grants
• California Fire Foundation
Grant Program
• Action, Implementation, &
Mitigation Grant Funding
290
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 154 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources FR #7 H Wildfire Preparedness
Positions
Establish a dedicated
(permanent) Community
Wildfire Preparedness
battalion within the current
Resource and Vegetation
Management office.

Countywide Butte County Fire
Department, CAL FIRE
• Conduct feasibility studies to determine
the need and structure for the Community
Wildfire Preparedness battalion.
• Recruit and hire a Battalion Chief, GIS
specialist, and administrative assistant.
o Implement programs to manage PreFire and Defensible Space Programs, coordinate efforts, and
provide administrative and GIS
support.

Redirect workload from Fire
Prevention Bureau and VMP
Battalion Chiefs.

Enhance code enforcement
coordination with a single point of
contact.

Provide administrative and GIS
support to specialized personnel,
alleviating non-specialized tasks.

Conduct routine monitoring and
evaluation of the battalion's
activities and effectiveness.

Regularly update training and
resources for battalion personnel.

Ensure continuous funding and
support for the battalion's
programs.
• Federal Earmark
• FEMA Fire Prevention and
Safety (FP&S) Grants
• Cal OES Proposition (Prop
4) Grants
• USFS Community Wildfire
Defense Grant (CWDG)
• FEMA Staffing for Adequate
Fire and Emergency
Response (SAFER) Grants
• California Fire Safe Council
Grants
• California Fire Foundation
Grant Program
• Action, Implementation, &
Mitigation Grant Funding
FR #8 H WUI Pre-Plans
Use GIS data and specialized
software to develop WUI
pre-plans for public safety
agencies.

Countywide Butte County Fire
Department, CAL FIRE,
Chico Fire Department,
Paradise Fire
Department, and Oroville
Fire Department.
• Use GIS data and specialized software to
display community-specific attributes
pertinent to responding resources such as:
o Water sources
o Evacuation zones and routes
o Public gathering points
o Historical fire line data
o Recently completed fuel treatments
o Target hazards
o Routes of travel
o Building footprints
o Radio frequencies
• Collaborate with fire departments,
emergency management, local
government, and community groups to
gather insights and define roles.
• Create contingency plans for high-risk
scenarios, including limited access routes,
roadblocks, and challenging terrain.
• Develop digital and printed copies of data
and maps for responding resources.
• Post data to common operating platforms
such as Mobile Data Terminals (MDTs) on
vehicles.
• Conduct hands-on training and simulated
exercise.

Improve situational awareness
and operational efficiency of
responders and improve
coordination of efforts amongst
agencies.

Conduct annual reviews of the
WUI pre-plan to ensure data
accuracy and incorporate lessons
learned from recent fire events.

Adjust the plan as community
demographics, vegetation
conditions, and fire risk factors
evolve.
• Emergency Management
Performance Grant (EMPG)
(FEMA)
• FEMA Building Resilient
Infrastructure and
Communities (BRIC) Grants
• FEMA Fire Prevention and
Safety (FP&S) Grants
• Firewise Grants
• CAL Fire Grant Programs
• California EPA Loans and
Grants Grant Funding
• Federal Earmark
291
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 155 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources FR #9 H Communication
Infrastructure Repairs
Repairing, upgrading, and
maintaining the public safety
communications infrastructure.

Countywide Butte County; Butte
County Fire Department,
City of Chico, City of
Oroville, City of Gridley,
City of Biggs, and Town
of Paradise
• Evaluate the current condition of public
safety communications infrastructure,
identifying weak points, outdated
equipment, and areas with inadequate
coverage.
• Repair existing infrastructure damaged or
rendered inoperable due to recent
disasters.
• Develop a phased plan to address the
most critical repairs first, ensuring that
essential systems are operational and
reliable.
• Upgrade existing equipment and install
new equipment in strategic locations to
support countywide multi-agency
interoperability both amongst fire
protection agencies and between various
public agencies such as law enforcement,
public works, etc.
• Update communication protocols to reflect
the capabilities of the enhanced
infrastructure.

Enhance emergency response
efficiency, responder safety, and
communication during mutual aid
and multi-jurisdictional incidents.

Create a routine inspection and
maintenance schedule to ensure
continuous functionality of
communication equipment and
infrastructure.

Perform regular testing,
calibration, and upgrades to
prevent system failures and
maintain optimal performance.
• Action, Implementation, &
Mitigation Grant Funding
• Federal Earmark
• FEMA Hazard Mitigation
Grant Program (HMGP)
• FEMA Assistance to
Firefighters Grants (AFG)
• California Fire Foundation
Grant Program
• FEMA Building Resilient
Infrastructure and
Communities (BRIC) Grants
• USFS Community Wildfire
Defense Grant (CWDG)
• FEMA Rehabilitation
Program for Communities
(RPC)
292
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 156 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources FR #10 H Countywide Water Supply
Needs
Evaluate the level of need and
potential solutions for water
supply throughout the county,
including rural area, urban
areas, and particularly where
water resources are limited of
difficult to access. Install
remote area water supply
systems for firefighting and
develop redundant water
supply systems to ensure
continuous availability during
hydrant outages or reservoir
repairs.

Countywide Butte County; Butte
County Fire Department,
City of Chico, City of
Oroville, City of Gridley,
City of Biggs, Town of
Paradise, BEC, and local
water service providers
• Analyze rural and urban areas near critical
infrastructure for water shortages during
emergencies, considering population
density, wildfire risk, and proximity to
water sources.
• Collaborate with local fire departments,
emergency agencies, water districts, and
community leaders to gather input on
water supply challenges.
• Explore solutions such as
o Additional hydrants or hydrant
backup systems
o Water storage tanks or reservoirs in
strategic locations
o Draft sites at natural water sources,
o Partnerships with private water
sources.
• Develop and install redundant water
supply systems throughout the county,
prioritizing rural areas and locations with
challenging access.
o Ensure this system includes
temporary water storage solutions,
such as dip tanks, pumps, and
cisterns, strategically placed to meet
firefighting demands.
• Establish a backup plan for hydrant
outages and explore residential water
storage options, such as tanks or pools, to
assist with structure protection during
emergencies.
• Create a phased implementation plan,
establish a maintenance schedule, update
emergency response plans, and train
responders on using rural water supply
infrastructure.
o Develop a countywide GIS map
cataloging all water resources,
accessible to all firefighting agencies.

Enhance the resilience and
safety of rural and urban areas
near critical infrastructure through
reliable water supply options for
emergency response.

Alleviate public and agency
concerns for limited water supply
in certain areas during times of
drought or hydrant outages.

Conduct periodic reviews of
water supply needs and adjust
plans and infrastructure to meet
evolving requirements.

Monitor the effectiveness of
implemented solutions and
evaluate the efficiency of
redundant systems.
• Action, Implementation, &
Mitigation Grant Funding
• Federal Earmark
• FEMA Building Resilient
Infrastructure and
Communities (BRIC) Grants
• California EPA Loans and
Grants
• California Fire Foundation
Grant Program
• Firewise Grants
• Emergency Management
Performance Grant (EMPG)
(FEMA)
FR #11 H Fleet Modernization
Evaluate, modernize, and
expand the firefighting fleet to
enhance response capabilities.

Countywide All fire departments
countywide
• Conduct a comprehensive evaluation of
the fleet to identify vehicles nearing the
end of their useful life or requiring frequent
maintenance.
• Develop a strategic plan for replacing or
acquiring vehicles based on operational
needs, usage patterns, and anticipated
service demands.
• Decommission or reassign underutilized
vehicles to locations where they can be
used more effectively, improving response
capability and fleet efficiency.
• Focus on updating the fleet with modern,
reliable vehicles to enhance performance
and reduce maintenance needs.
• Increase the availability of specialized
wildland response vehicles, including:
o ICS Type 3 fire engines
o ICS Type 6 fire engines
o Water tenders
Enhance cost-effective fleet
management through proactive
assessment, maintenance, and
modernization.

Improve community resilience
through greater response
capabilities.

Regularly evaluate fleet condition
and performance.

Implement a strategic
maintenance and upgrade
schedule to ensure all fleet
vehicles remain in peak
operational condition.

Continuously monitor and assess
the impact of fleet modernization
and expansion initiatives to
ensure they meet performance
goals.
• FEMA Assistance to
Firefighters Grants (AFG)
• Firewise Grants
• National Urban and
Community Forest Program
• GSA-Federal Excess
Personal Property (GSA)
• California Fire Foundation
Grant Program Grant
Funding
• California Air Resources
Board Carl Moyer Grant
Program
• Federal Earmark
293
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 157 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources FR #12 H Fire Line Qualified Bulldozer
Team
Acquire a bulldozer that meets
fire line specifications, along
with a transport truck, and hire
sufficient heavy fire equipment
operators to provide 24-hour
coverage throughout the year.

Countywide Butte County Fire
Department
• Purchase a bulldozer that meets fire line
specifications similar to those used by
CAL FIRE.
• Acquire a transport truck capable of
moving the bulldozer to various locations
as needed.
• Recruit and hire qualified heavy fire
equipment operators.
• Ensure staffing levels are sufficient to
provide 24-hour coverage year-round.
• Ensure a bulldozer is always staffed and
available for deployment in Butte County.

Build community resilience.

Increase capacity to implement
fuel reduction projects throughout
the county.

Conduct regular maintenance
and inspections of the bulldozer
and transport truck to ensure
operational readiness.
• Butte Strong Fund
• FEMA Assistance to
Firefighters Grants (AFG)
• California Air Resources
Board Carl Moyer Grant
Program
• Firewise Grants
• Federal Earmark
FR#13 H Establish and Maintain a
County/Local Government
Level Aerial Firefighting
Program
Ensure availability of locally
dispatched firefighting aircraft
for use within Butte County.

Countywide Butte County Fire
Department
• Collaborate with private, local, state, and
federal agencies to establish and maintain
Exclusive Use Aircraft Agreements.
• Explore opportunities to expand existing
Exclusive Use Aircraft Agreements to
include additional aircraft and resources.
• Ensure that firefighting aircraft are locally
dispatched and available for immediate
response within Butte County.
• Explore opportunities to acquire
firefighting aircraft such as helicopters and
establish an aerial firefighting program
capable of water dropping and fire
personnel transportation, as well as
rescue (longline, hoist, etc.) and
emergency transportation of injured
firefighters.
• Explore opportunities to acquire remote
sensing aircraft that provides advanced
intelligence data such as Fire Integrated
Real-Time Intelligence System (FIRIS)
and infrared (IR) imagery.
• Recruit and hire qualified aircraft pilots
and fire suppression personnel to operate
and staff aircraft.

Ensure the availability of
firefighting aircraft within Butte
County, even when local CAL
FIRE or USFS aircraft are
committed to other incidents, to
maintain rapid response
capability and enhance local fire
suppression resources.

Conduct routine maintenance
and inspections to ensure aircraft
are operational and ready for
deployment.

Evaluate feedback mechanism
with incident commanders.
• Butte Strong Fund
• FEMA Assistance to
Firefighters Grants (AFG)
• Firewise Grants
• Federal Earmark
294
2025 Butte County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
Page | 158 Table of Contents
Project ID Status Priority
(H,M,L)
Timeline for
Action Project Description Location Land Ownership/ Lead Agency Methodology/Approach Serves To: Monitoring/Maintenance Requirements Funding Sources FR #14 H Fall 2025 Limited Access Issues
Resolve limited access issues
and incorporate solutions into
the General Plan's Safety
Element (circulation) for
improved safety and
accessibility.

Countywide Butte County, private
landowners, CAL FIRE,
USFS, BCFSC, SPI, tribal
governments, BCCG,
BIA, City of Chico, City of
Oroville, City of Gridley,
City of Biggs, and Town
of Paradise
• Conduct periodic reevaluation of high-risk
roads for maintenance and clearance
efforts, focusing on roads critical for safe
ingress and egress.
o Identify new high-risk roads as
environmental conditions change
throughout the county.
• Prioritize projects for fire access roads,
and establish regular maintenance
schedules to address vegetation, debris,
regrowth cycles, and road surface
conditions.
• Establish partnerships with private entities
(e.g., PG&E, SPI).
• Promote resident involvement in clearing
vegetation along rights-of-way.
• Maintain and improve turnarounds for first
responders, enhance alternative access
routes on backroads, and ensure bridges
meet load-bearing safety standards
through assessment and necessary
upgrades.
• Establish vegetation management
programs and existing plans from
agencies responsible for right-of-way
management.
• Work with local planners, media, and
community figures to communicate
evacuation plans for communities with
limited access.
• Install clear and informative directional
signage in communities with dead ends,
cul-de-sacs, and complex layouts to aid
navigation for emergency responders.
• Continue to collaborate with Butte County
and local jurisdiction planners and
community stakeholders to ensure that
future development accounts for improved
access and safety considerations.
• Establish an active communication
channel allowing residents to file concerns
to authorities regarding road maintenance
and access issues.
o Consider hosting community
meetings, opening up phone lines,
and establishing webpages for online
submittals.