AR 11 SUPP CORR CORRESPONDENCE — Pasadena City Council, May 4, 2026

McMillan, Acquanette (Netta)
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Justin Glover
Friday, May 1,2026 11:30 AM
PublicComment-AutoResponse
Public Comment for May 4 2026 City Council Meeting, Item 11 CIP [ I ] CAUTION: This email was delivered from the Internet. Do not click links or open attachments unless you know the content is safe. Report phish using the Phish Alert Button. For more information about the Phish Alert Button view article "KB0011474" on the DolT portal.

This is Justin Glover, a resident of District 2 ai in Bungalow hleaven. I would like to express support for the recommended additional funding for the citywide street resurfacing budget.

Many streets throughout the city and in Bungalow Heaven are in need of maintenance.

Additionally, as street repairs are conducted, the city should maintain a focus on traffic and pedestrian safety, including addressing speeding on neighborhood streets. This includes installing commonsense traffic calming, pedestrian and cycling improvements, especially along neighborhood streets and appropriate corridors, such as Greenways. This should be balanced with maintaining traffic flow through major arteries, while also protecting pedestrians and cyclists.

Justin Glover
04/20/
1 05/04/2026
Item 11
McMillan, Acquanette (Netta)
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Friday, May 1, 2026 1:47PM
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Public Comment for May 4 2026 City Council Meeting, Item 11 CIP Some people who received this message don't often get email from1. Learn why this is important [ I ] CAUTION: This email was delivered from the Internet. Do not click links or open attachments unless you know the content is safe. Report phish using the Phish Alert Button. For more information about the Phish Alert Button view article "KB0011474" on the DolT portal.

Hello -1 am a resident of District 2 f Ave in Bungalow Heaven). I am writing to express my support for the recommended additional funding for the citywide street resurfacing budget. Many streets throughout Pasadena, and in my neighborhood, are in need of repair and maintenance. I would also like to ask the city to continue its focus on traffic and pedestrian safety, especially with regard to the speeding on neighborhood streets. Installing commonsense traffic calming as well as pedestrian and cycling improvements along neighborhood streets should be balanced with maintaining traffic flow through major arteries while also protecting pedestrians and cyclists.

Thank you,
Erin Glover
04/20/
1 05/04/2026
Item 11
McMillan, Acquanette (Netta)
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Myung-Soo Seok .s'-
Friday, May 1, 2026 1:52PM
PublicComment-AutoResponse
Tony Trinidad; Stephanie Van Slomski; Robert Smith
re: May 4th City Council Meeting Agenda Item 11
City of Pasadena opposition letter final draft.docx; Beyond the Myths_What the Facts Says About Synthetic Turf_Last Updated 4.22.26.pdf; Syn vs Nat Grass.pdf; TCG Flyer_DC36_ClientReview.pdf; TurfTemperature_TenCate 0525.pdf Some people who received this message don't often get email from'am why this is important [ I ] CAUTION: This email was delivered from the Internet. Do not click links or open attachments unless you know the content is safe. Report phish using the Phish Alert Button. For more information about the Phish Alert Button view article "KB0011474" on the DolT portal.

Please see the attached letter and documents from the Painters and Allied Trades District Council 36.

Best,
Myung-Soo Seok
M2 Strategies
04/20/
1 05/04/2026
Item 11
^
UNION
tflw
&
Painters & Allied Trades
District Council 36
Luis F. Robles
Business Manager

DRYWALL FINISHERS, FLOORLAYERS, GLAZIERS, PAINTERS, TRADESHOW & SIGNCRAFT June 4, 2025
Mayor Victor Gordo
City Councilmember Tyron Hampton
Councilmember Rick Cole
Councilmember Justin Jones
Councilmember Gene Masuda
Councilmember Jason Lyon
Re: Proposed Ban on Artificial Turf in City of Pasadena Dear Mayor Gordo and Councilmembers:

Thank you for the opportunity to comment on the discussion of ban of synthetic turf in Pasadena.

We are a labor union that represents workers that install synthetic turf throughout California.

While we appreciate the genuine concerns that the members of the City Council have, an outright ban ofsynthtic turf is both irresponsible and unnecessary in alleviating environmental concerns. In particular, there seems to be an assumption that all artificial turf manufactured with same materials and that is not the case. Case in point is the artificial grass manufactured by TenCate.

TenCate is the leading manufacturer of artificial turf in the world. Their artificial turf has proactively eliminated PFAS materials in 2023 before any PFAS legislation has been passed. This eliminates widespread concern ofPFAS impact on the environment.

In order to address the concern of harmful chemicals leeching into the ground water, TenCate eliminated rubber infill with GeoCool infill which is made from a renewable inorganic mineral that is 100% renewable and non-toxic. Other organic and natural infills made with cork or walnut shells have been incorporated.

In addressing temperature of the artificial grass, TenCate has incorporated non-toxic and natural materials that cool down the artificial grass that does not use water. This leads to millions of gallons of water being conserved each year. These materials allow the current models of synthetic turf to reduce temperature on the field. You can see from the study that we are enclosing with this letter, you will see that the difference between natural grass and current synthetic turf is not great.

Finally, TenCate is actively recycling end of life artificial turf. TenCate is the first in United States to recycle old synthetic turn into feedstock that can be used to create new turf and other products.

While we commend the Councilmembers for initiating this important discussion about the impact of synthetic grass on the environment, an outright ban will lead to loss of small businesses and jobs that were encouraged to be created during our drought crisis. Our union will lose thousands of jobs throughout California if such ban is passed throughout the state.

Rather than banning an entire industry, implementation of thoughtful regulation of eliminating harmful materials and creating an industry standard should be considered. In fact, such discussions are taking place in many municipalities in State ofCA, including in the City of Los Angeles.

We look forward to speaking with you as you prepare to hear this issue in your future City Council meeting.

I can be reached at Tonv.Detrinidad(%dc36.org and/or 626-216-3089.

Thank you.
1-T^OrT^B•
Tony De Trinidad
Government Affairs Representative
International Union of Painters & Allied Trades District Council 36 1155 Corporate Center Drive, Monterey Park, CA 91754TEL:(626) 584-9925FAX: (626) 584-1949 a
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\«/EARE
UNION
DC36
REGULATE TURF. DOM'T BAN IT.

PROTECT JOBS, PLAY, AND COWIWIUNITY ACCESS
^•»^
1000s
of jobs
2000+
hours of play annually
365/24/7
play in all climates
$52.2 billion
sports tourism industry

SYNTHETIC TURF PROVIDES CRITICAL ACCESS TO
PLAY WHERE WATER AND SPACE ARE LIMITED.
• Supports thousands of jobs
• Offers 2000+ hours of play annually versus 800-1200
from natural grass1
• Directly contributes to a $52.2 billion sports tourism industry :t:

A natural grass field is more resource-heavy
than turf: it needs up to 2 inches of water a
week3, (that's ~1,000,000 gallons per year)
and 87-217 pounds of nitrogen fertilizer per
1,000 square feet per year.4
.2
s.

REGULATIONS CAN KEEP CONCERNS AT BAY AND TURF IM PLAY
Let's work towards better turf — recyclable, PFAS-free, with no infill — and keep jobs and play in our communities.

PROBLEM REALITY
Rubber infill Alternatives to rubber infill exist, like coconut or cork, and some top performing fields don't require infill5 at all.

PFAS exposure This OEHHA study6 found no significant health risks from exposure to synthetic turf. PFAS are also found in natural grass fields due to fertilizers and pesticides.

Plastic waste Turf is not single use like plastic packaging; it can offer years of community benefits. Recycling technologies are advancing but require policy support.

Microplastics Fiber loss varies by system type, maintenance, and age. Emerging data shows lower shedding in
infill-free systems.

SOLUTION
Incentivize alternative and no-infill
systems in new installs.

Prohibit added PFAS in synthetic turf and
natural fields.

Require systems to be designed for recycling and
mandate end-of-life recycling plans.

Establish monitoring standards, maintenance
requirements, and clear replacement thresholds.
1https://www.paloalto.gov/files/ass6ts/public/v/1/community-services/2025-08-13-reduced-size-for- post! ng-palo-alto-turf-athletic-fi el ds-d raft. pdf
2https://www.sportstravelmagazine.com/report-sports-related-travel-generated-52-2-billion-impact-Jn-2023 3https://safesportsfields.cals.cornell.edu/routin&-care/watering/ 4 https://mda.maryland.gov/slteassets/pages/fertlllzer/tt119.pdf shttps://geosurfaces.com/pivot-by-tencate/
•https://oehha.ca.gov/sites/default/files/media/20Z5-03/DraftTurfReport031325.pdf 95TENCATE•Siv'BMS
Heat and Temperature
Impacts of Synthetic Turf
Prepared for New York City
Department of Parks & Recreation
by Dr. Colin Young, PhD | TenCate Grass
736 Market St. Suite 1700, Chattanooga, TN 37402 | Page 1 ;'<^'i^|^^G^|j;^|:£''t|'t,^:',l.!:('^
:%;^;^"'^;Ift''l''.-'.l~..;;:'^
>':'r':ft'A%-';^.iB:'h;'?^.. "^
$$TENCATE
Table of Contents
Introduction
Thermal Characteristics of Turf
Cooling Technologies and Modern Innovations
Heat Stress (not only Surface Temperatures)
Urban Heat Island (UHI)
Policy Implications and Future Research
Conclusion
References
Appendix
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 736 Market St. Suite 1700, Chattanooga, TN 37402 | Page 2 ii»
:i^B
5$TENCATE
Heat and Temperature Impacts of Synthetic Turf
Introduction
Synthetic turf fields have become a popular solution for recreational, educational, and sports facilities due to their ability to provide consistent play surfaces and significantly higher availability than natural grass. Unlike grass fields, which are often closed due to drought, rain, poor drainage, or recovery time, turf fields can withstand intensive use. A growing body of research from municipal parks departments and public agencies supports the operational and economic benefits of synthetic turf:

A study from the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) and field audits by San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department (SFRPD) report synthetic fields offer 2,000-3,000 hours of annual availability, compared to 300- 816 hours for natural grass, depending on maintenance schedules and regional climate.

City of New York Parks & Recreation reported that synthetic fields provided 5 to 8 times more usable hours per year and enabled year-round programming.

These benefits are particularly valuable in hot, arid, or drought-affected regions where natural grass cannot survive without excessive irrigation. However, the expansion of turf has raised important questions about thermal performance, especially in hot climates. This document examines the thermal characteristics of synthetic turf, its contributions to heat stress and the urban heat island effect and compares traditional turf systems with modern cooling solutions using peer-reviewed studies, municipal research, and laboratory testing data.

Unlike natural grass, which maintains a relatively stable and cool surface temperature through evapotranspiration, traditional synthetic turf Lacks organic moisture regulation mechanisms. As a result, legacy turf surfaces can reach extreme temperatures during sunny weather, often exceeding the ambient air temperature by more than 30°C (86°F).

Studies have recorded surface temperatures on traditional synthetic turf as high as 62.5°C (144.5°F), whereas adjacent natural grass remained under 37°C (98.6°F). In sunny climates such as Arizona, Texas, and Southern California, synthetic turf fields have been recorded at temperatures above 70°C (158°F), making them hazardous for direct human contact.

While some older synthetic turf systems, particularly those using dense, black SBR rubber infill, have been shown to reach high surface temperatures, it is important to recognize that not ati turf systems are the same. Advances in materials science and system engineering have produced a new generation of synthetic turf fields that perform far better in terms of thermal regulation. Modern systems utilize cooling infills made from GeoCool, cork, mineral blends; or innovative system design such as non-performance infill turf like Pivot™ or water storage under the field. These features significantly reduce surface temperatures and, more importantly. Lower Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) readings, bringing heat stress risk levels close to those observed on natural grass fields under the same environmental conditions.

This distinction is essential for public health and policy. Evaluating synthetic turf as a monolithic category can lead to misleading conclusions about heat safety. In reality, a well-designed, modern synthetic turf system can offer both the durability and high usage benefits of turf and the thermal safety characteristics associated with natural grass. As municipalities, schools, and sports organizations consider future installations, they should demand thermal performance data, especially WBGT assessments, and prioritize systems that actively manage surface heat. With the right design choices, synthetic turf can be both safe and sustainable, even in hot climates. 736 Market St. Suite 1700, Chattanooga, TN 37402 | Page 3 SB
5>?TENCATE
Thermal Characteristics of Turf
The primary cause of heat build-up in synthetic turf systems is solar radiation. Unlike natural grass, which uses moisture and evapotranspiration to cool its surface, synthetic turf tacks any biological mechanisms for heat dissipation. Instead, it absorbs solar energy through its plastic fibers, rubber or polymeric infill, and underlying base layers. This absorbed energy is stored in the materials and gradually re-radiated as heat, causing surface temperatures to rise, especially under direct sunlight.

Material choice plays a pivotal role in the thermal behavior of turf. Polyethylene, the most common yarn material used in turf fibers, has low thermal conductivity and high heat retention, meaning it traps heat rather than disperses it.

Traditional SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber) infill is particularly problematic due to its dark color and low reflectivity, which makes it highly efficient at absorbing infrared energy. Moreover, SBR has Low emissivity and thermal diffusivity, which means it stores heat and releases it slowly, even after the sun has gone down. This creates a thermal lag effect, where the surface remains dangerously hot well into the evening.

Other design elements also influence heat accumulation. Turi: density, pile height, and infill depth can increase the surface area exposed to sunlight, further intensifying heat absorption. Underneath, impermeable or compacted base layers inhibit airflow, reducing opportunities for convective cooling. In contrast, modern systems that include breathable pads, reflective pigments, and lighter infills (such as cork or mineral-based alternatives) offer significant improvements in both surface temperature and subsurface heat dynamics.

Understanding these thermal dynamics is critical when evaluating the health and safety implications of synthetic turf installations. It also highlights why legacy systems with high-heat materials must not be conflated with today's engineered solutions, which are increasingly designed with thermal performance and heat stress mitigation in mind.

Below are some examples of recent innovations to mitigate the heat of turf. 736 Market St. Suite 1700, Chattanooga, TN 37402 | Page 4 i»'li|i:
':f.

S^TENCATE
Cooling Technologies and Modern Innovations
To address the longstanding concern of excessive heat buildup on synthetic turf, manufacturers have developed a variety of innovations aimed at significantly lowering surface temperatures and improving heat stress performance.

One of the most effective areas of advancement has been the development of alternative infill materials. Traditional black SBR rubber infill is known for its high heat retention, but modern infills, such as cork, coconut husk, wood fiber, and mineral-based blends, have much Lower thermal mass and higher emissivity. These properties allow them to absorb less heat during the day and release it more efficiently, resulting in a measurable reduction in both surface temperature and underlying heat stress.

Among these, GeoCool® infill has shown particularly promising results. Designed from natural mineral compounds, GeoCool is engineered to remain cooler than traditional infills by resisting heat absorption and facilitating evaporative cooling when moisture is present. Field testing has demonstrated that turf systems using GeoCoot can achieve surface temperatures up to 30-40°F (17-22°C) cooler than comparable fields with SBR infill. When paired with breathable underlayers and high-atbedo turf fibers, these systems show WBGT levels close to those recorded on natural grass fields, even in warm climates.

In addition to infill innovation, yarn technology has advanced significantly. Use of pigments and materials with higher solar reflectance (albedo), reducing the amount of solar radiation converted into heat. Yarn shape also ptays a role, textured or ribbed fibers can reduce the surface area directly exposed to the sun and improve airflow between the blades, helping to disperse heat more effectively.

A parallel trend in the industry is the rise of non-infilt systems, which eliminate the need for loose particles altogether such as Pivot™. This system often relies on dense, structured turf piles combined with integrated padding layers for shock absorption and play performance. By removing the infill, particularly heat-retaining rubber, these systems avoid one of the primary drivers of extreme surface temperatures. Non-infitl turf systems are increasingly paired with evaporative base layers or capillary irrigation systems, particularly in European cities focused on sustainability and climate resilience.

Together, these innovations represent a significant leap forward in managing the thermal behavior of synthetic turf.

When properly selected and designed, these systems provide a surface that remains far cooler than legacy rubber- filled fields, making them more comfortable and safer for athletes, children, and the broader public. These are not concepts but have been used successful for severalyears all around the USA.

Other interesting innovations in urban research from the Netherlands (KWR Water Research Institute and City of Amsterdam) showed that new cooling turf systems can significantly reduce this, bringing peak surface temperatures close to natural grass levels by integrating subsurface water storage and evaporative cooling. Subsurface Capillary Irrigation Systems: Pioneered in Amsterdam, these systems store water beneath the field and use passive evaporation to reduce surface temperature significantly.
736 Market St. Suite 1700, Chattanooga, TN 37402 | Page 5 iS'^yS£SSfSS^!WS^I'9i3S3SSS!'i&
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Heat Stress (not only Surface Temperatures)
Understanding heat stress requires more than just measuring how hot a surface gets. While peak surface temperatures on synthetic turf can be very high, especially on older systems with rubber infill, heat stress itself is a more complex condition influenced by multiple environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation. In the United States, the most widely accepted and scientifically validated toot for assessing heat stress in sports and outdoor environments is the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index.

The WBGT is notthe same as the regularairtemperature. Instead, it combines measurements of ambienttemperature, humidity, radiant heat (from sunlight), and wind speed into a single number that reflects the actual thermal stress on the human body. High humidity, for example, limits the body's ability to coot itself through sweating, which makes even moderate temperatures more dangerous. WBGT helps coaches, athletic trainers, schools, and parks departments make informed decisions about when it's safe to be active outdoors, regardless of whether the field is made of turf or natural grass.

National organizations tike the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (MP) recommend using WBGT thresholds to guide sports practice, games, and outdoor activities, especially for children and adolescents who are more vulnerable to heat-related illnesses. Many states, including Georgia and Texas, have adopted mandatory WBGT monitoring protocols for high school sports, requiring activity modifications, hydration breaks, or cancellations when WBGT Levels reach high or extreme zones.

In simple terms, WBGT offers a reat-wortd snapshot of heat risk, not just a number on a thermometer. It considers how hard the body has to work to cool itself, based on actual environmental conditions. This is why modern turf systems should not be judged solely on peak surface temperature. Instead, systems should be evaluated on how they affect overall heat stress, including WBGT outcomes during peak-use times. Fortunately, as covered above, many of today's advanced turf systems using alternative infills, lighter yarns, and cooling designs now show WBGT values that closely match or even improve upon natural grass fields.
736 Market St. Suite 1700, Chattanooga, TN 37402 | Page 6 IH[%!
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S^TENCATE
Urban heat island (UHI)
The urban heat island (UHI) effect describes how urban environments become significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas due to the widespread use of heat-absorbing surfaces like asphalt, concrete, and dark roofing materials.

Traditional synthetic turf systems, especially those that use black SBR rubber infill, can contribute to this problem by absorbing and re-radiating large amounts of solar energy, leading to elevated surface and ambient temperatures in their immediate vicinity.

However, it is important to recognize that not all turf contributes equally to the heat island effect. Modern synthetic turf systems have been specifically engineered to reduce their thermal impact. By replacing rubber infill with light- colored, Low-heat materials such as cork, wood blends, or mineral-based alternatives, and by using reflective yarns and breathable base layers, these systems significantly lower surface temperatures. Some newer designs also incorporate subsurface irrigation or passive cooling layers that mimic the cooling function of natural grass through evaporation, further reducing their contribution to localized heating.

Field research has shown that well-designed cooling turf systems can perform comparably to, or even better than, other urban surfaces tike sand-fitted tennis courts orlight-colored concrete in terms of thermal load. Importantly, while legacy rubber-based fields may amplify the UHI effect, modern turf can act as a neutral or even mitigating surface when part of a thoughtfully designed urban landscape.

When evaluating the environmental impact of synthetic turf, it's essential to distinguish between outdated systems that elevate urban heat and innovative systems that are actively engineered to counteract it. With the right materials and design features, synthetic turf can be a sustainable, heat-conscious solution for urban recreation areas.

Did you know:

While it's true that turf is often warmer than natural grass, its surface temperature is generally lower than many other urban surfaces, such as asphalt, hard tennis courts, and various types of playgrounds and equipment.

Surface
Tempreature
Turf (Rubber)Turf (Pivot)Road (asphalt)
Painted Tennis Court
(Green)
Safety Surface Childs
Playground (Blue)
Playground Slide
(Metal)
Min858788898885
Mean114108121118119122
Max135121142139133145
Note: temperatures measured on a range of surface types on the same day ati locations within 10 miles ..iiSfigw'iiS/S
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736 Market St. Suite 1700, Chattanooga, TN 37402 | Page 7 'W:SW: 'fSw^•'y^
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S»?TENCATE
Policy Implications and Future Research
The widespread use of turf in public settings necessitates clearer national-levet guidelines for heat exposure. While voluntary standards and local protocols exist, there is no unified federal approach to synthetic turf heat safety in the United States.

Recommendations include:

1. Mandating WBGT-based monitoring for all turf sports events.

2. Designing turf systems with proven cooling technologies and reduced WBGT heat stress levels.

3. Updating building codes and urban development policies to address UHI impact from Large-scale artificial turf installations using WBGT data.

4. Funding continued research into materials science for low-heat polymers and sustainable infill.

5. Balancing usability, water conservation, and heat safety. 736 Market St. Suite 1700, Chattanooga, TN 37402 | Page 8 9,!y>.s»s^-«^:KA»^A:^;a^s,y^nK^^,ig;
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Conclusion
The conversation around heat and synthetic turf is often oversimplified, focusing narrowly on surface temperature atone. While surface temperature is important, especially in the case of outdated turf systems that used black rubber infill, it does not provide a complete picture of heat risk. Heat stress is a multifactoriat condition, influenced by humidity, wind, solar radiation, and surface properties, all of which are captured in the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index. This index is already used widely across the United States to guide decisions in youth sports and outdoor activity settings and should be the primary reference tool for evaluating field safety, regardless of surface type.

What is clear from current evidence is that modern turf systems are fundamentally different from legacy products.

Advances in infitt composition, yarn materials, reflective coatings, and integrated cooling mechanisms mean that today's best-performing synthetic turf fields can match or even outperform natural grass when it comes to thermal safety. WBGT measurements from controlled field tests consistently show that properly engineered turf systems remain within safe zones under the same conditions where older systems exceed critical thresholds.

At the same time, this issue is not binary. The discussion should not be reduced to "turf vs. grass," but rather focused on performance, safety, and climate adaptability. Natural grass offers valuable ecological functions, but it also struggles in areas with water scarcity, high usage demands, or poor soil quality. Synthetic turf, when thoughtfully designed and maintained, can be a safe, sustainable solution, especially when paired with smart design strategies that address cooling and end-of-tife impacts.

Further research is both necessary and valuable, not to delay progress, but to guide it. PoLicymakers, urban planners, and sports authorities should invest in comparative WBGT data to ensure decisions are based on science, not assumptions. The goal should not simply be to avoid heat, but to create safe, resilient outdoor spaces that serve people, protect public health, and respond to the realities of a changing climate. 736 Market St. Suite 1700, Chattanooga, TN 37402 | Page 9 ^•?%^aBl^iRal;l;:11i;^»?%p| S|.;|Bsi
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9?TENCATE
References

1. Duffie JA, Beckman WA. Solar engineering of thermal processes. 4th ed. Hoboken (NJ): Witey; 2013.

2. McNitt AS, Petrunak DM. Evaluation of playing surface characteristics of various in-filled systems. University Park (PA): Penn State Center for Sports Surface Research; 2008.

3. Devitt DA, Fenstermaker LF, Young MH. Surface temperature, heat loading and spectral reflectance of artificial turfgrass. J Turfgrass Sports Surf Sci. 2007:83:68-81.

4. Grundstein A, Cooper E, Ferrara M, Knox JA. Prevalence of exertionat heat stroke related policies for high school football players in the United States. Kinesiol Rev. 2015;4(3):209-17.

5. Haselbach L. The engineering guide to LEED—New construction: Sustainable construction for engineers. New York (NY):McGraw Hill; 2010.

6. TenCate Grass. Temperature insights: USA turf research - August 2024. Internal Report. 2024.

7. KWR Water Research Institute; Municipality of Amsterdam. Smart sports field cooling via capillary irrigation: Case study report. Nieuwegein (NL): KWR; 2023.

8. San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department. Synthetic vs. natural turf field analysis. San Francisco (CA):

SFRPD;2012.

9. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Synthetic turf usage guidelines. New York (NY): NYC Parks; 2013.

10. Brigham Young University. Surface temperature of synthetic vs. natural turf fields. Provo (UT): BYU; 2006.

11. American Academy of Pediatrics. Climatic heat stress and exercising children and adolescents: Policy statement.

Pediatrics. 2011 ;128(3):e741-47.

12. National Athletic Trainers' Association. Exertional heat illnesses position statement. J AthL Train. 2015:50(9):986- 1000.

13. Oke TR. Boundary layer climates. 2nd ed. London (UK): Routledge; 1987.

14. CengeLYA. Heat and mass transfer: A practical approach. 3rd ed. New York (NY): McGraw Hilt; 2007.

15. Kalman P, Anis H. Thermal diffusivity of rubber materials. Polym Test. 2019;76:27-34.

16. Berdahl P, Bretz SE. Preliminary survey of the solar reflectance of cool roofing materials. Energy Build. 1997:25(2):149-58.
736 Market St. Suite 1700, Chattanooga, TN 37402 | Page 10 ^
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5$TENCATE
Appendix: Data
GeoCoot - surface temperature vs time exposure
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736 Market St. Suite 1700, Chattanooga, TN 37402 | Page 11 ffiy|s^||iM
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736 Market St. Suite 1700, Chattanooga, TN 37402 | Page 12 McMillan, Acquanette (Netta)
From:

Sent:

To:

Subject:

Sunday, May 3, 2026 10:32 AM
PublicComment-AutoResponse
AGENDA ITEM COMMENT FOR 5-4-26 PASADENA CITY COUNCIL MEETING Some people who received this message don't often get email from?arn why this is impQrtant [ ! ] CAUTION: This email was delivered from the Internet. Do not click links or open attachments unless you know the content is safe. Report phish using the Phish Alert Button. For more information about the Phish Alert Button view article "KB0011474" on the DolT portal.

Dear Pasadena City Council:

I note with some trepidation that this year's $243 million portion of the City's 5-year, $2 billion capital improvement plan (CIP) has essentially no monetary inclusion - despite your prioritizing same last December, which 1 applaud -- for: upgrading fire facilities (despite the ongoing wildfire risk to the Arroyo Seco / Hahamongna Watershed Park and other areas); a year-round homeless shelter; repair and repaying streets and sidewalks; 100% renewable energy by 2030; and economic development/ investment in the North Lake Ave., Fair Oaks Ave., Lincoln Ave. and East Colorado Blvd. corridors.

These five priorities you previously and astutely developed for Pasadena are critical to implement and finance sooner rather than later. While all five reflect vision and being in concert with the greater ongoing good for Pasadena, a few I find especially compelling for comment.

That said, I'd like to briefly emphasize a few points why your initial prioritizing the five areas above was and remains the correct decision for our community.

As my wife Kim and I are Eaton Canyon Fire survivors soon-awaiting our one-year anniversary as Pasadena residential homeowners, I can scarcely put into words how absolutely vital having neighborhood fire hydrants that actually work - and a fire department at maximum ability as to staffing and equipment is at all times. No smoke today doesn't mean a sudden onslaught of flames tomorrow. Not to be optimally ready, at all times for fire danger in today's world most notably, does a disservice to Pasadena.

A year-round homeless shelter that provides needed services is also essential to the well- being of our city on several levels, not the least of which are compassion and human dignity.

Additionally, storefront business owners will become extremely appreciative. If the cities of Sacramento, Long Beach, Los Angeles and San Diego can staff and finance yearlong homeless shelters, there's no reason Pasadena can't as well! As to safer sidewalks, the numbers tell the salient story... as of 2024-25, Pasadena's residential population of those 65 and older, surpassed its youth population, i.e., those younger than 18. This trend by all reputable accounts will only continue. Seniors (as well as others) often have issues with lessening eyesight, balance and falling. More sidewalk injuries mean more claims against the City and more monies paid out that could be used for other city services. Our city's aging population particularly deserves safer sidewalks. 05/04/2026
1 Item 11
A city's character, well-being, and vision for itself are, at some level, measured against as to how it addresses its most challenging areas in terms of community engagement, economic development and quality of life. Kirn and I heartily support appropriate City CPI monies set aside for further city-led enhancements, economic development and investment in the above-referenced corridors. If monies do not allow for undertaking simultaneous commitment to all four corridors, as the North Lake Avenue redevelopment plan is already in progress, perhaps complete that first.

In closing, I am confident City staff identified (or tried to) worthy potential recipients for this year's C1P budget allocations. However, not to also emphasize let alone address the five priorities you as a city council wisely came up with in December as immediate requisites for Pasadena, is not in the best interests of our city. As Bill Withers noted in 1980 when he released the song, "Just the Two of Us:"
.3;
"Good things might come
To those who wait
Not for those
Who wait too late..."
Don't wait. Return to your well-selected priorities and expedite their completion as you intended; thank you and best regards.

Taylor Morton, J.D.
for Kirn & Taylor Morton
2 McMillan, Acquanette (Netta)
From:

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Attachments:

D Woelke
Sunday, May 3, 2026 12:37 PM
PublicComment-AutoResponse
For the public record: City Council Meeting, 4 May 2026, Item 11(7) Pasadena May 2026.pdf
Some people who received this message don't often get email from why this is important
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[ l ] CAUTION: This email was delivered from the Internet. Do not click links or open attachments unless you know the content is safe. Report phish using the Phish Alert Button. For more information about the Phish Alert Button view article "KB0011474" on the DolT portal.

Dear Mayor Gordo, Vice Mayor Rivas, Council Members hlampton, Cole, Jones, Masuda, Madison, and Lyon:

Attached please find our comments in opposition to the above item. We would welcome any questions or concerns. We would also strongly recommend you convene a meeting with independent experts who do not have a financial interest in the outcome of continued use of plastic turf. Relying solely on staff to provide a myopic, unscientifically informed perspective is counterproductive and puts both public and environmental health at risk.

Respectfully submitted,
Dianne Woelke MSN, Board Member
Safe Healthy Playing Fields, Inc.

SHPFI is an all-volunteer nonprofit 501-c-3
EIN: 83-424-3172
-^SsT
BEYOND PLASTICS1>;
1 05/04/2026
Item 11
1/1-y;=Ss^

BEYOND PLASTICS
AFHLIiTE
Pasadena City Council, 4 May 2026
Artificial Turf Replacement - Robinson Park and Villa Parke (New) Item 11(7) Strongly OPPOSE
Dear Mayor Gordo, Vice Mayor Rivas, Council Members Hampton, Cole, Jones, Masuda, Madison, and Lyon:

This letter is being sent to you by Safe Healthy Playing Fields, Inc., an all-volunteer 501-c-S nonprofit organization. We are committed to educating communities, policymakers and elected officials about the health, safety and financial realities of plastic fields versus grass fields, and other synthetic surfaces for their parks and schools. Our constituency ranges from concerned individuals to community and civic organizations, legal, healthcare and science professionals, municipal leaders and state legislators.

Synthetic turf is made primarily from polyethylene, the most highly produced and discarded plastic globally.1
The proposed replacement of plastic turf at Villa Parke would be the 3rd installation since 201l...if installed and open in January 2027, that is a 5.33 year life span on average!! 3 plastic fields at Villa Parke constitutes:
108,900 pounds of plastic carpet waste for disposal (NOT recyclable!) • 6,000 to 9,000 pounds of microplastic blades lost to air, water, and soil 1,800 pounds of microplastics from the carpet backing
1,200,000 pounds of infill
3 plastic fields at Robinson Park constitutes:
276,763 pounds of plastic carpet waste
13,840 to nearly 20,7600 pounds of microplastic blades lost to air, water and soil 4,152 pounds of microplastics from the carpet backing
2,767,659 pounds of infill
EVERY 5.33 YEARS ON AVERAGE!
1 Dixon, D (18 Aug 2018). "Plastics aren't just polluting our oceans — they're releasing greenhouse gases." UNADAP (United Nations Association for Development and Peace). httDs://www.unadaD.ora/Dost/Dlastics-aren-t-iust-Dollutina-our-oceans-thev-re-releasina-areenhouse-aase ff»^Msi,':M
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Villa Parke, 11 June 2024, microplastic synthetic turf blades See microplastic blades shedding from sports fields HERE H2 year old AstroTurf field), HERE (3 month old TenCate Pivot field), and HERE (1.5 year old FieldTurf field).

Continuing use of synthetic turf, both in parks, residential, and commercial settings, is inconsistent with the City's Climate Action Plan and must be addressed in its updated plan to reflect:

Mounting threat of climate change and the need for climate adaptation and resilience Achieve long-term environmental sustainability
Utilize resources effectively
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Protect the public health and safety
Waste reduction
Safety issues of drought, erosion, landslides, wildfires, and structure fires

WORRIER ABOUT
PLASTIC WASTE?
A synthetic turf field is the equivalent of

3.2 million
plastic
bags
«
w
46 million
plastic
straws
Joo POLLUTING!!
Like plastic straws & bags...

Most synthetic turf is made from
LDPE - low density polyethylene
The most highly produced plastic
globally
The most frequently discarded
material
Impervious surfacing:
• Synthetic turf is classified as impervious by both the US EPA and the State of California. U.S. EPA has defined impervious surfaces:
"...areas such as gravel roads...that will be compacted through design or use to reduce their impermeability." It further has defined impervious surfaces as .. .[ajny surface that prevents or significantly impedes the infiltration of water into the underlying soil. This can include but is not limited to: roads, driveways, parking areas and other areas created using non porous material; buildings, rooftops, structures, artificial turf and compacted gravel or soil."
Compaction, as well as the impervious plastic surface, result in increased runoff.

Despite synthetic turf industry claims, laboratory testing is not the same as reality.

Synthetic turf is unable to handle the amount of rain that comes with an atmospheric river or bomb cyclone.
"Pollutants from aerial and terrestrial sources accumulate on impervious surfaces until runofffrom a precipitation event carries sediment, nutrients, metals, and pesticides into stormwater drains and directly to local waterbodies. As impervious surfaces increase, stormwater runoff increases in quantity, speed, temperature, and pollutant load. When impervious surfaces reach 10-20% of local watershed area, surface runoff doubles and continues to increase until, at 100% impervious surface coverage, runoffis five times that of a forested watershed. Excessive stormwater runoff also increases the potential for flooding." US EPA Impervious Surface Fact Sheet
Synthetic turf creates 27,000 gallons of toxic runoff for every one inch of rain for every one acre of plastic installed.2
Since 2015 (year synthetic turf was installed at Robinson Park), nearly 37.7 million gallons of toxic runofffrom the 2 plastic fields alone have been washed into the stormdrains, the LA River, and to the ocean, exclusive of runofffrom yards and businesses with plastic turf. 2 Cotrone, V (undated). "The Role of Trees and Forests in Healthy Watersheds: Managing stormwater, reducing flooding, and improving water quality." Penn State Extension. httDS://extension.Dsu.edu/the-role-of-trees-and-forests-in-healthv-watersheds Climate Chanse:

As a fossil fuel-based petrochemical product, synthetic turf is a climate change agent.

Microplastics are both created by, and contribute to, climate change, and impede sequestration of greenhouse gasses in the ocean.3'4'5
Synthetic turf exploits natural resources, from cradle to grave, polluting air, water and soil throughout its predicted 1,000 years it takes to fully degrade.6 From Tracking of fossil fuels, to the manufacture of pre production plastic pellets (nurdles) in ethane cracker plants, to manufacturing, transport, use, and interim and final disposal, environmental and social justice communities are the most impacted.7
The resulting impact on climate change from plastics, microplastics8 and synthetic turf are contributing factors to increased flood risk, toxic runoff,9 and landslides.10 In addition to being an impermeable surface, installation of synthetic turf often requires removal of trees, or contributes to their deaths by impeding water infiltration, thereby adding to the risk of landslides. • 13,700 gallons of fossil fuel-based oil is needed to manufacture 80k feet2 of synthetic turf (685 gallons of petroleum to produce 1 ton of plastic). 3 da Fonseca, EM, Gaylarde, CC (2025). "Climate change and microplastics: a two-way interaction." Emerg.

Contam. Environ. Health; 4, 15.
httDS://www.oaeDublish.com/articles/eceh.2025.09
4 Shen, M, Huang, W, Chen,M et al (1 May 2020). °Micro)plastic crisis: Un-ignorable contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change." Journal of Cleaner Production; Vol.254, 120138. httDS://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/Dii/S0959652620301852 5 Nawab, A, Khan, MY, Ihsanullah, I, et al (Feb 2026). "From pollution to ocean warming: The climate impacts of marine m/crop/asfrcs." Journal of Hazardous Materials: Plastics; (2), 100032. httDS://doi.ora/10.1016/i.hazmD.2025.100032
6 Chamas, A, Moon, H, Zheng, J (3 Feb 2020). "Degradation Rates of Plastics in the Environment." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering;(8)9.b
httDS://Dubs.acs.ora/doi/10.1021/acssuschemena.9b06635
7 Staff writer (25 Jan 2024). "US: Louisiana's 'Cancer Alley' Dire Health Crisis From Government Failure to Rein in Fossil Fuels." Human Rights Watch
httDS://www.hrw.ora/news/2024/01/25/us-louisianas-cancer-allev 8 Sunil, S, Bhagwat, G, Vincent, SGT, Palanisami, T (10 Oct 2024). "Microplastics and climate change: the global impacts of a tiny driver." Science of The Total Environment; (946),174160. httDS://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/Dii/S0048969724043080 9 Simpson, TJ, Francis, RA (Aug 2021). "Artificial lawns exhibit increased runoffand decreased water retention compared to living lawns following controlled rainfall experiments." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening; (63), 127232
httDS://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1618866721002570 10XXX
• Approximately 989 gallons of water are required to produce 1 square meter of plastic turf, estimated to be the equivalent of watering a square meter of natural grass for 18 years.11
• Potable water is required to clean the plastic turf to decrease color bleaching and plastic degradation that occurs with the higher salt and mineral contents of reclaimed water.

According to a leading plastic turf manufacturer, up to 2,200 gallons of potable water are required every hour to cool the plastic surface to a temperature safe for play.12 Synthetic turf off gasses methane and ethylene day and night, in ever increasing amounts.13'14 Methane traps 90% more heat than carbon dioxide and is 21 times more potent. Land based plastics produce two times more methane and 76 times more ethylene than plastics found in waterways and oceans.

GHG emissions are estimated to be 527 tons of C02e over a ten year period based on a model using a 84,830 sq ft field.15
Landslides are also a significant concern post wildfire events16 and are a significant concern in all cases where there are no requirements or limitations on impervious surfacing.17'18 11 Waterwise UK. "How to save water: Artificial Grass's Footprint." httDS://www.waterwise.ora.uk/save-water/
12 TenCate Pivot 2024
13Royer,SJ, Ferron, S, Wilson, ST, Kar\, DM {20^Q). "Production of Methane and Ethylene from Plastic in the Environment." PlosOne 13(8): e0200574.
httDS://iournals.Dlos.ora/Dlosone/article/file?id=10.1371/ioumal.Done.0200574&tvDe=Drintable 14 Royer, SJ (12 Nov 2018). Letter to Mayor M Bowser, Washington DC regarding synthetic turf.

Letter to Mayor M Bowser
15 Magnusson, Simon, Macsik, Josef (July 2017). Analysis of Energy Use and Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, Metals and Organic Substances from Construction Materials Used for Artificial Turf. Resources, Conservation and Recycling Vol. 122, July 2017, Pages 362-372 httDS://doi.ora/10.1016/i-resconrec.2Q17.03.007
1e United States Geographical Survey Program (2018). "The scientific background information for Emergency Assessment of Postfire Debris-Flow Hazards."
httDS://www.usas.aov/Droarams/landslide-hazards/science/scientific-backaround 17 Strunsky, S (25 Oct 2021). "400-Year-Old N.J. Forest Cut Down for Fake Turf Field May Be to Blame for Rock Slide After Ida. " NJ.com.
httDs://www.ni.com/news/2021/10/400-vear-old-ni-forest-cut-down-for-fake-turf-field-mav-be-to-blame-for-r ock-slide-after-ida.html?outDutTvDe=amD
18 Vogt, E (26 Oct 2021). "NJ prep school's turf field blamed for rockslide that displaced 45 families." NJ 1015.
httDS://ni1015.com/ni-DreD-schools-turf-field-blamed-for-rockslide-that-disDlaced-45-families/ ^9SVS\
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19 Loss of Biodiversity:

Soil - Synthetic turf impairs the microbiology and functions of soil by covering it with an impervious surface, disrupting carbon sequestration, photosynthesis, decomposition, and nutrient cycles.
• The resulting effect on organic exchanges impairs gas exchange, moisture uptake, the microbial population, and biochemical properties of the soil, leading to unhealthy soil, impaired plant growth, and eventual death.20
19 Strunsky, Steve. 2021. "400-Year-Old N.J. Forest Cut Down for Fake Turf Field May Be to Blame for Rock Slide After Ida." NJ.com. Accessed 23 Oct 2023.
httDs://www.ni.com/news/2021/10/400-vear-old-ni-forest-cut-down-for-fake-turf-field-mav-be-to-blame-for-r ock-slide-after-ida.html?outDutTvDe=amD
20 Millard, B (22 Jul 2025). "Artificial Turf Literature Review. Consolidating Understandings around the Environmental and Ecological Implications of Artificial Turf Systems." SeaBin Foundation, Australia. httt3s://seabinfoundation.ora/artificial-turf-literature-review/ A healthy microbial system is essential to soil health and fertility.21'22'23 Trees - Synthetic turf negatively impacts living plants through multiple mechanisms.

Installation of artificial turi requires compaction of soil, which reduces root growth by reducing aeration. Because it is impervious, it does not allow adequate watering or rainfall into the soil. Toxic runofffrom the plastic surfacing may allow waterlogging of plantings in low lying areas not immediately surrounded by the carpeting. The chemicals in the plastic and runoff can be toxic to the roots of living plants. The extreme heat created by the artificial turf greatly reduces or kills the soil biome integral to healthy soil with nutrients needed for growth, and prevents carbon sequestration into the soil, and oxygen production. These factors can ultimately result in living plant and tree deaths.

Synthetic turf poses a significant global threat to wildlife and aquatic organisms via ingestion of microplastics and toxic chemical leachate, threatening our food chain.24 It is estimated that >1500 species have ingested microplastics,25 including high levels in air exhaled by dolphins via their blowholes.26 Artificial turf in urban parks was found to reduce house sparrow populations by 60%.27'28
21 Hartmann, M, Frey, B, Mayer, J etal (31 Oct 2014). "Distinct soil microbial diversity under long-term organic and conventional farming." ISME J; 9,1177-1194. httDS://doi.ora/10.1038/ismei.2014.210
22 Lindsey, AJ. Schiavon, M, Unruh, JB, Kenworthy, K (7 Jan 2025). "Urban Landscapes: Turfgrass Beneffis." Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, Grasses; 4(1), 3, httDS://doi.ora/10.3390/arasses4010003
23 Arachchige, PSP, Hettiarachchi, GM, Rice, CW et a! (Sep/Oct 2024). "Direct evidence on the impact of organic amendments on carbon stabilization in soil microaggregates." Soil Society of America J; 88(5), 1529-1544.
https://doi.ora/10.1002/sai2.20701
24 25Santos, RG, Machovsky-Capuska, GE, Andrades, R (2021). "Plastic Ingestion as an Evolutionary Trap:

Toward a Holistic Understanding." Science: 373, 56-60.
httDS://Dubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.aov/34210877/
26 Dziobak, MK, Fahlman, A, Wells, RS (16 Oct 2024). "First evidence of microplastic inhalation among free-ranging small cetaceans." PlosOne.
httDS://iournals.Dlos.ora/Dlosone/article?id=10.1371/iournal.pane.0309377 27 Ponce-Bernat, E, Gil-Delgado, JA, Lopez, GM (20 Feb 2020). "Sharp decrease in sparrows caused by use of artificial grass in city parks." Phys.org
httDS://Dhvs.ora/news/2020-02-sharD-decrease-SDarrows-artificial-arass.Ddf 28 Sanchez-Sotomayor, D, Martin-Higuera, A, Gil-Delgado, JA (2023). "Artificial grass in parks as a potential new threat for urban bird communities." B\Td Conservation lnternational;33, e16, 1-8. httDS://doi.ora/10.1017/S0959270922000119
Microplastics have been found in birds' lungs,29 and in the abdomens of fledgling puffins on remote islands in high volumes leading to death.30
It is estimated that roughly one million seabirds and 100,000 marine mammals are killed annually from plastic in our oceans. In its 2024 Report, the World Wildlife Fund reports a loss of 73% of wildlife populations in the period from 1970 to 2020.31 PFAS, micro- and nanoplastics have been found in sea spray.32'33 Synthetic turf releases 2k to 3k microplastic blades per playing field each year. Newer "no infill" versions have 16 times more blades. The plastic carpet backing and shock pads also release large amounts of microplastics.34
Synthetic turf is implicated in increasing frequent red tides and toxic algal blooms.35 29 Tokunaga, Y, Okochi, H, Tani, Y et al (Apr 2023). "Airborne microplastics detected in the lungs of wild birds in Japan." Chemosphere; 321 , 138032.
httDS://www.sciencedirect.com/science/articJe/DU/S0045653523002990 30 Lavers, J, Bond, AL, Hutton, I (Apr 2024). "Plastic ingestion by Flesh-footed Shearwaters (Puffinus carneipes): Implications for fledgling body condition and the accumulation of plastic-derived chemicals." Environmental Pollution;(187)124-129.
httDS://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/Dii/S0269749113006532 31 World Wildlife Federation (2024). "Living Planet Report: 2024. Nature is Disappearing: The Average S/ze of Wildlife Populations Has Fallen By a Staggering 73%." https://livinc]planet.panda,org/en-US/
32 Bo, S, Johansson, JH, Tunved, P et al (15 Dec 2021). "Sea spray aerosol (SSA) as a source of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) to the atmosphere: Field evidence from long-term air monitoring." Environmental Science & Technology: (56), 1: 228-238.
httDS://Dubs.acs.ora/doi/10.1021/acs.est.1c04277
33 Lambert, S, Vercauteren, M, Catarino, Al et al (15 June 2024). "Aerosolization of micro- and nanoplastics via sea spray: Investigating the role of polymer type, size, and concentration, and potential implications for human exposure." Environmental Pollution; (351), 124105 httDS://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/£ii/S0269749124008194 34 Kole, PJ, Van Belleghem, F, Stoorvogel, JJ, et al (10 Dec 2023). "Tire granulate on the loose: How much escapes turf? A systematic literature review." Science of The Total Environment; (903)166221. httDs://doi.ora/10.1016/i.scitotenv.2Q23.166221
35 Ren, X, Mao, M, Feng,M et al (1 Mar 2024). "Fate, abundance and ecological risks of microcystins in aquatic environment: The implication of microplastics." Water Research; Volume 251, 121121. httDS://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/Dii/S0043135424000228 Synthetic turf blades constitute 12 to 15% of mesoplastics found in waterways and the ocean, and over 50% in near surface waters,1 as reported by researchers in Australia,36 Spain,15 China,37 Japan,38 Canada,39 the United Kingdom,40 and the US.41'42 Economic and social costs in the U.S. from plastic are conservatively estimated to be between $436 billion and $1.109 trillion across the entire plastics life cycle, from cradle to grave (fossil fuel extraction, ethane cracking, production, use, disposal, and mismanagement).43
36 Mylius, K (11 July 2024). "Keep the Fake Plants and Turf Out of the Surf: A call to action to reduce the use of artificial grass and plants in our cities, preserving natural greener/ and its benefits, and cleaning the Ocean." SeaBin Foundation, Australia.
https://seabinfoundation.ora/keeD-the-fake-Dlants-and-turf-out-of-the-surf/ 37 Wang, T, Li, B, Zou, X (1 Oct 2019). "Emission of primary microplastics in mainland China: Invisible but not negligible." Water Research; Vol. 162, Pages 214-224. httDs://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004313541930555X 38 Harusato, A, Kato, M ( "Mechanisms of Generation and Ecological Impacts ofNano- and Microplastics from Artificial Turf Systems in Sports Facilities." Environments; Vol 12 Issue 4 1. httDs://www.mdDi.com/2076-3298/12/4/109
38 Klasios, N (Aug 2025). "Understanding and Managing Artificial Turf Impacts on Rainwater, Urban Heat, and Biodiversity for the City of Vancouver." Sustainability Scholar Project 2025-042. httDs-//sustain.ubc.ca/sites/default/files/2025-042 Understandina%20and%20Manaaina%20Artificial%20T urf Klasios.pdf
40 FIDRA.org "Defra report states artificial pitches are the main source of intentionally added microplastic pollution in the UK."
41 SFEI. 2024. The Pulse of the Bay: Contaminants of EmerainaConcern. SFEI Contribution #1219. San Francisco Estuary Institute. Richmond. CA.
42 Shahariar, NK, Haque, A, Holsen, T, Baki, ABM (14 Oct 2025). "Land Use and Rainfall as Drivers of Microplastic Transport in Canal Systems: A Case Study from Upstate New York." httDs://www.DreDrints.ora/frontend/manuscriDt/ca46e83151c4edefa27979d272ea4561/download pub 43 Lauer, N, Vegh, T, Nowlin, M et al (July 2025). 'The Social Cost of Plastic to the United Stetes.' Duke University, Nicholas Institute for Energy, Environment & Sustainability. httt3s://nicholasinstitute.duke.edu/sites/default/files/Dublications/the-social-cost-of-Dlastic-united-states.Ddf Researchers in Australia,44 Spain,15 China,45 Japan,46 Canada,47 the United Kingdom,48 and the US49'50 have all reported finding microplastic synthetic turf blades in waterways.

California based agencies and research organizations concerned with microplastics and synthetic turf for its contamination of our waterways and the ocean:

California Ocean Protection Council51
San Francisco Estuary Institute52
Heal the Bay53
• National Resource Defense Council6
LA Waterkeeper6
Sierra Club54
SurfRider Foundation55
44 Mylius, K (11 July 2024). "Keep the Fake Plants and Turf Out of the Surf: A call to action to reduce the use of artificial grass and plants in our cities, preserving natural greenery and its benefits, and cleaning the Ocean." SeaBin Foundation, Australia.
httDs://seabinfoundation.ora/keeD-the-fake-Dlants-and-turf-out-of-the-surf/ 45 Wang, T, Li, B, Zou, X (1 Oct 2019). "Emission of primary microplastics in mainland China: Invisible but not negligible." Water Research; Vol. 162, Pages 214-224. httDS://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/Dii/S004313541930555X 46 Harusato, A, Kato, M ( "Mechanisms of Generation and Ecological Impacts ofNano- and Microplastics from Artificial Turf Systems in Sports Facilities." Environments; Vol 12 Issue 4 1. httDS://www.mdDi.com/2076-3298/12/4/109
47 Klasios, N (Aug 2025). "Understanding and Managing Artificial Turf Impacts on Rainwater, Urban Heat, and Biodiversity for the City of Vancouver." Sustainability Scholar Project 2025-042. httDS://sustain.ubc.ca/sites/default/files/2025-042 Understandina%20and%20Manaaina%20Artificial%20T yrf K|asiQs.j:)df
48 FIDRA.org "Defra report states artificial pitches are the main source_Qf JiLtentionally added microplastic oollution in the UK."
4g SFEI. 2024. The Pulse of the Bay: Contaminants of EmerainaConcern. SFEI Contribution #1219. San Francisco Estuarv Institute. Richmond. CA.
50 Shahariar, NK, Haque, A, Holsen, T, Baki, ABM (14 Oct 2025). "Land Use and Rainfall as Drivers of Microplastic Transport in Canal Systems: A Case Study from Upstate New York." httDS://www.DreDrints.ora/frontend/manuscriDt/ca46e83151c4edefa27979d272ea4561/download pub 51 California Ocean Protection Council Statewide Microplastics Strategy 52SFEI. 2024. The Pulse of the Bav: Contaminants of EmerainaConcern. SFEI Contribution #1219. San Francisco Estuary Institute. Richmond. CA.
53 Heal the Bay. NRDC. LA Waterkeeper. letter to LA Council File 24-0602 2024 54httDS://www.sierraclub.ora/san-francisco-bav/marin/svnthetic-turf 55httDs://www.surfrider.ora/news/artificial-turf-whv-we-shouldnt-choose-Dlastic-over-Dlants Human Health Imt)actsi
Plastic endangers human health throughout its lifecycle.56'57 Children, other vulnerable populations, and workers are exposed to PFAS, phthalates, UV inhibitors, colorants, antimicrobials, flame retardants, and other chemicals of concern used in the manufacturing of synthetic turf and primary microplastic infill materials.

Workers involved in fracking, ethane cracker and manufacturing plants, mining sites (silica sand), those who install, remove, and transport synthetic turf, those who work at locations collecting/selling used plastic turf carpets, and landfill workers are all at risk via dermal exposure, inhalation, and ingestion.

Microplastics have been found in virtually every human body organ and fluid. They are able to cross the blood/brain barrier, have been found in bone marrow, carotid arteries, semen, both maternal and fetal sides of the human placenta, in the stool of newborn infants, human breast milk, and more.58
Inhalation of microplastics are associated with asthma, lung fibrosis, and lung cancer.59 Microplastics are negatively impacting the cardiac health of those living in the coastal region.60
• Research indicates microplastics are linked to cancer.61 There is an age related risk for cancer from playing on synthetic turf:
".. .there are cancer risks probability occurs as a result of chemical exposure from artificial turf. Cancer risk probability for different age categories was in the order:
7-15 years > 3-6 years > 19-22 years >16-18 years >23-55 years > 56-70 years.1162 56 Landrigan, PJ (6 Mar 2024). "Plastics, Fossil Carbon, and the Heart." N Engl J Med:390(10),948-950. httDS://www.neim.ora/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe2400683
57 Landrigan PJ, Raps H, Cropper M et al (2023). "The Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health." Annals of Global Health: 89(1): 23, 1-215. httDs://doi.ora/10.5334/aoah.4Q56
58 Marfella, R, et al. "Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Atheromas and Cardiovascular Events." The N EngUMed;390,(1),(900-910.
httDS://www.neim.ora/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2309822
59 Thapa, R, Schlesinger, MA, Panth, N et al (Jan 2026). "Inhaled microplastics and lung health:

Immunopathological effects and disease implications." Food Bioscience;Vol. 75,108036. httDS://doi.ora/10.1016/i.fbio.2Q25.108036
60 Makawana, B, Khadke, S, Kumar, A et al (18 Jun 2025). "Marine Microplastic Levels and the Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Diseases in US Coastline Counties." Journal of the American hleart Association;14(13).
httDS://doi.ora/10.1161/JAHA.124.039891
61 Cirillo, F, Giani, F, Sergi, V et al (1 Mar 2026). "The hidden threat: Microplastics and cancer biology." Journal of Hazardous Materials; Vol 505,141332.
httDS://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/Dii/S0304389426003109 62 Mohammed, AMF, Saleh, IA, Abdel-Latif, NM (29 Mar 2023). "Hazard assessment study on organic compounds and heavy metals." He\\yon: (9),.4, e14928
httDS://doi.ora/10.1016/i.helivon.2023.e14928
Young soccer players in San Diego, CA were found to have PFOS (one of over 16,000 PFAS chemicals) on their hands after playing on synthetic turf.63 • The US EPA has declared there is no safe level of PFOS.64 PFAS can be absorbed through the skin, posing increased risk for the multiple non-communicable diseases and cancers known to be associated with PFAS.65 • PFAS has been found to act synergistically with microplastics to cause cancer.66 • Both new and used synthetic turf have been shown to cause endocrine disruption and negative cardiometabolic impacts when exposed to human cell lines.67'68 Health care related burden based on 2018 data:

D Attributable'burden of plastic related disease in the U.S. from PBDEs (polybrominated diphenylethers), phthalates, bisphenols, and PFAS are on the order of $400 billion annually.
a $66.7 billion ($64.7 billion-67.3 billion) was due to phthalate exposure.

D $22.4 billion was due to PFAS exposure 6g
63 Amenabar, T (Mar 2024). "Study eyes safety of turf fields for kids: Scientists team up with San Diego Surf soccer club to discover if'forever chemicals' pose risk." San Diego Union Tribune, originally published in the Washington Post.
httDS://enewsDaDer.sandieaouniontribune.com/infinitv/article popover share.aspx?auid=7f93edcb-cd5b-4 f9d-b8e4-ed57343daefc&share=true
64 US EPA (9 Apr 2024). Fact Sheet: "PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation." httDS://www.eDa.aov/svstem/files/documents/2024-04/Dfas-nDdwr fact-sheet general 4.9.24v1.pdf 65 Ragnarsdottir, 0, Abdallah, MAE, Harrad, S (June 2024). "Dermal bioavailability of perfluoroalkyl substances using in vitro 3D human skin equivalent models." Environment International; (188), 108722. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024003581 #ak005 66 Sands, M, Sachdeva, A, Bukavina, Irudayara, J (1 Dec 2025). "Synergistic toxicity of PFAS and microplastic mixtures across five human cell lines." Environmental Pollution; (386)127256. httDs://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/Dii/S0269749125016306 67 Siegela, KR, Murraya, BR, Gearhart, J, Kassotis, CD (2024). "In vitro endocrine and cardiometabolic toxicity associated with artificial turf materials." Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology; (111), 104562.
httDS://doi.ora/10.1016/i.etap.2024.104562
68 Kassotis, C (23 Sep 2024). "Endocrine and cardiometabolic toxicity of artificial turf associated materia/s." Video of presentation at NYU Langone Health symposium on plastics research. https://www.voutube.com/watch?v=q8MDXyQKnFA
69 Trasande, L, Krithivasan, R, Park, K et al (Feb 2024). "Chemicals Used in Plastic Materials: An Estimate of the Attributable Disease Burden and Costs in the United States." Journal of the Endocrine Society: (8), 2.
httDS://doi.ora/10.1210/iendso/bvad163
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Health care and research institutions with resolutions on synthetic turf:

The California Medical Association70
Santa Clara County Medical Association71
Children's Environmental Health Center, Mt. Sinai hlospital, New York City72 Physicians for Social Responsibility73
Climate Code Blue (Physician activists)74
The Consortium for Children's Environmental Health75
The Silent Spring Institute76
Lowell Center for Sustainable Production, Univ. of Mass., Lowell77 70 California Medical Association. (16 Aug 2024). Resolution 101-24: Removing Artificial Jyrfin_Schools, Parks and Public Spaces.
71 Santa Clara County Medical Association (24 Jun 2024). "Policy Recommendation on the Use of Artificial Turf on Landscapes. Schools and Plavina Fields." 72 Evans, SF, Harari, H (25 May 2025). "Position Statementon the Use of Artificial Turf Surfaces." The Children's Environmental hlealth Center, Mt. Sinai hlospital, New York, New York. httDS://mountsinaiexDosomics.ora/Dosition-statement-on-the-use-of-artificial-turf-surfaces/ 73 Physicians for Social Responsibility
74 Climate Code Blue: Physician Activists
75 The Consortium for Children's Environmental Health
76 Silent Spring Institute (Sep 2024). Public comment letter submitted to DTSC, Candidate Chemicals in Synthetic Turf, document id 9644.
httDS://calsafer.dtsc.ca.aov/workflows/Comment/15588/?from=search 77 Pollard, L, Massey, R (Aug 2024). "Per- and Poly-fluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Artificial Turf:

Academic, municipal, and other testing efforts." Lowe\\ Center for Sustainability, University of Massachusetts, Lowell.

California agencies are calling for nature-based solutions to climate change:

Natural Resources Agency78
Department of Insurance79
Department of Land Use and Climate Innovation80
Ocean Protection Council81'82
Extremeheat:
"Every Key Climate Indicator is Flashing Red. Humanity has just endured the 11 hottest years of record. When history repeats itself 11 times, it is no longer a coincidence. It is a call to act."83 UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, March 2026
Climate change is increasing the number of people exposed to extreme heat globally. Young children and the elderly are the most vulnerable populations.

Heat stress is a leading cause of weather-related deaths. Extreme heat can exacerbate underlying diseases, such as asthma, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, mental health disorders, risk for accidents and some infectious diseases. Heatstroke is a medical emergency with a high risk for death.

Between 2000-2019 approximately 489,000 heat-related deaths occur annually.84 Heat-related deaths for people over 65 years of age increased by 85% between 2000-2004 and 2017-2021.7S
From 2010-2020, there were more than 5,000 emergency room visits and 60 deaths per year due to heat-related illness in CA.85
httDs7/www.uml.edu/docs/PFAS%20in%20Artificial%20Turf%20-%20Academic%20MuniciDal%20%26%2 OOther%20Tests%20Aua%202024 tcm18-386957.pdf
78 California Department of Natural Resources
79 California Department of Insurance
80LCI. Nature Based Solutions
81 OPC. Nature Based Solutions
82 OPC. Nature Based Solutions. microplastics reduction 83 Conlev. J (26 Mar 2026). Common Dreams: UN Climate Report. 84 WHO. Climate change, heat and health. 29 Apr 2026
85 California Department of Public Health.(Rev. July 1, 2024)."CDPH Health Guidance for Schools on Sports and Strenuous Activities During Extreme Heat."
Emergency room visits for heat related illnesses increased 170% between 2012 and 2023.86
Those living in Southern California's coastal zones are more susceptible to heat related illness than those living in hotter inland areas.87
Synthetic turf readily reaches temperatures of 160-180°F, and can reach over 220°F. • Synthetic turf playing fields create heat islands that extend into surrounding areas; they are visible from satellites.
9,000 student athletes are treated annually for heat related illnesses; synthetic turf is a contributing factor.

Deaths among high school football players from heat stroke doubled from 2015 to 2017 when compared to the 5 preceding years.88
Football players are eleven times more likely to suffer a heat related illness.81 9Free^•:
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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,89
httDS://www.cdDh.ca.aov/Proarams/EPO/Paaes/Extreme%20Heat%20Paaes/extreme-heat-auidance-for-s chools.aspx
86 Merritt, TA, Bhatia, S, Solomon, C, Yu, A (Aug 2025). "Heat-Related Illness Trends at a Pediatric Health Care System, 2012 to 2023. "Academic Pediatrics; 25,(6), 102855. httDS://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1876285925000804 87 Guirguis, K, Basu, R, AI-Delaimy, WK et al (2018). "Heat, disparities, and health outcomes in San Diego County's diverse climate zones." GeoHealth; 2,212-223.
httDS://doi.ora/10.1029/2017GH000127
88 Wertheim, J (Oct 2022). "With Hotter Temperatures Come More Football Deaths. And Black high school players are disproportionately affected." Sports Illustrated. httDS://www.si.com/hiah-school/2022/10/07/football-climate-chanae-dailv-cover 89 Karali, N, Khanna, N, Shah, N (12Apr2024). "Climate Impactof Primary Plastic Production." Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Publications.

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A study published in 2024 compared natural grass lawns to xeriscaped lawns, and natural grass playing fields to synthetic turf fields within 0.5 miles of each other in Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino and Orange Counties. The authors note that recommending xeriscaping over drought tolerant Bermuda hybrid grasses will lead to warmer temperatures. "During the summer, turfgrass residential lawns could be -40"C cooler compared to artificial turf. Despite being cooler than artificial turf, xeriscape lawns could be up to 300C warmer than natural turf lawns." ^
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The above image is from data collected in 2013 and 2014, before the proliferation of synthetic turf, then believed to be a water saving measure during drought conditions.

Not recyclable: Not sustainable:

Less than 6% of plastics are recycled.90 Made of mixed plastics, synthetic turf is not recyclable, not sustainable and is a linear, not a circular product. Synthetic turi'does not meet any definition of sustainability. The synthetic turf industry misrepresents its products when they make claims related to sustainability and environmentally friendliness. It is not enough to use the vernacular of the day.

Circular products91 are "... those products that have reduced or completely no need for virgin resources and are designed with the end of their life in mind." The United Nations defines sustainable development92 as "...development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." 90 Dell, J, Enck, J (May 2022). "The Real Truth about the US Plastic Recycling Rate." Beyond Plastics. httDS://static1.sauaresDace.com/static/5eda91260bbb7e7a4bf528d8/t/62b2238152acae761414d698/1655 841666913/The-Real-Truth-about-the-US-Plastic-Recvclina-Rate-2021-Facts-and-Fiaures- 5-4-22.pdf 91 "What is a circular product?" C\rcu\arTays\de, United Kingdom. httDs://circulartavside.co.uk/what-is-a-circular-Droduct-and-business-model/ 92 United Nations (2024). "Sustainable Development Agenda: What is sustainable development?" httDs://www.un.ora/sustainabledeveloDment/develoDment-aaenda/#1b1981a30bdd8fde2 The UCLA Sustainability Committee93 notes: "In simplest terms, sustainability is about our children and our grandchildren, and the world we will leave them".

The Rutgers Center for Sustainable Materials94 definition:
"Sustainable materials are materials used throughout our consumer and industrial economy that can be produced in required volumes without depleting non-renewable resources and without disrupting the established steady-state equilibrium of the environment and key natural resource systems."
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Hidden costs: what is staff not tellins you?
The hidden "extras" with artificial turf projects:

Environmental Impact Reports; CEQA filings and directed requirements.

Irrigation systems. *Failure to clean plastic fields can void warranties and put athletes at risk. Necessary to cool the surface to playable temperature.

Drainage/catchment systems.

Annual GMax testing- ~$1,515. More frequently if it fails testing.

Annual infill replenishment-1.5 to 5 tons of chosen infill *plant-based infill is generally 4,5 times more expensive than used tire crumb.

New maintenance equipment.
• Maintenance agreement costs (required by some manufacturers). 83 UCLA Sustainability Committee, quoting UN World Commission on Environment and Development httDs://www.sustain.ucla.edu/what-is-sustainabilitv/
94 Rutgers University. "What are Sustainable Materials?" Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Sustainable Materials. Accessed 26 Jan 2025. httDS://mse.rutaers.edu/center-sustainable-materials
Increased water to cool plastic surface to playable temperature.

Cleaning solvent. *Failure to follow maintenance requirements will nullify warranties.

Pesticides for weed eruption (Some manufacturers call for glyphosate, Spectrcide). • Removal costs.

Transportation and disposal costs (potential for disposal in hazardous waste landfills).

Water to clean synthetic fields of bacteria,95'96 secretion of human fluids, waste left by pets and wildlife; often a requirement to maintain warranty. Failure to clean causes build up of bacteria, which is more prevalent in older synthetic surfaces.97'98 Some plant based infill requires 3,200 gallons of (potable) water every 3 to 4 days to maintain hydration." Others infills require 6,500 to 8,000 gallons per 80,000 feet2 of synthetic turf every 3 to 4 weeks based on humidity.100 Water to cool the temperature synthetic turf to that of natural grass is greater than water required to maintain drought tolerant Bermuda grass varieties.101 Amount of water to cool the surface "to a temperature comparable to natural grass" is 2,200 gallons, beginning 1 to 2 hours prior to a game and repeated to maintain the cooler temperature throughout play (effect lasts 20 to 50 mins).102 We have plenty of examples of projects where costs exploded... just ask us and we can provide more info!
95 US EPA (6 Aug 2019). "U.S. Federal Research Action Plan (FRAP) on Recycled Tire Crumb Rubber Used on Synthetic Turf Playing Fields and Playgrounds. Final Report Part 1 - Tire Crumb CharacterizationEPA Tools and Resources Webinar." slide 20 httDs://www.eDa.aov/sites/defautVfiles/2019-08/documents/tc public webinar - august 6 2019.pdf 96 Valeriani, F, Margarucci, LM, Gianfraneschi, G et al (28 Aug 2019). Artificial-turf surfaces for sport and recreational activities: microbiota analysis and 16S sequencing signature of synthetic vs natural soccer fields. Heliyon: Heliyon 5 (2019) e02334.
httDS://doi.ora/10.1016/i.helivon.2Q19.602334
97 Bass, JJ, Hintz, DW (2013). "Determination of Microbial Populations in a Synthetic Turf System," Skyline - The Big Sky Undergraduate Journal: 1 (1), Article 1. https://scisDace.com/Ddf/determination-of-microbial-DODulations-in-a-svnthetic-turf-1ifau95sd7.Ddf 98 Keller, M, Turco, RF, Gray, MB, Sigler, V (2020). "The Fate of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Synthetic Turf System." Sports Health: 12(3), 263-270. httDS://Dmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.aov/articles/PMC7222665/
99 Shaw Sports Turf infill
100 FieldTurf 2021
101 Kanaan, A, Sevostianova, E, Leinauer, B, Sevotianov, I (2020). "Water Requirements for Cooling Artificial Turf."
UP loaded copy: httDS://doi.ora/10.1061/rASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001506 102 TenCate Pivot 2024
Hours of play myth:

The industry and staff who support plastic turf more often than not skew the hours of play.

Beware that more hours of play also means more exposure to toxic chemicals, more risk for nom-communicable diseases and cancer, more rapid breakdown of the plastic, more expense for more frequent landfilling and replacement (you are on your 3rd replacement in 17 years), and more legal liability exposure.

Comparisons related to number of hours of play may be skewed significantly as they are most often based on the number of hours reserved for a given playing field, and not on the actual hours of play.
"Hours of play as reported is based on permits, not actual on the ground play time. This is critical because syn1[Vne\.\c\turf is fenced, locked and often not used even during permitted time blocks, and not outside of those times. The [natural] grass fields, in contrast, see almost constant play during, and outside of permitted time, because they are typically NOT fenced and locked. So, if a team cancels practice or a game during permitted time on grass, others will certainly see it is empty and play on it anyway. "
Dr. Kathy Michaels, NIH researcher, ret., Board Member, Safe Healthy Playing Fields, Inc; public testimony, Montgomery County, Maryland, 2025.

This was also prominently elucidated as early as a 2014 article in a Forbes Magazine, revealing revealing how proponents of artificial turf manipulate information.103 This dynamic was most recently affirmed last year in a letter submitted to CA DTSC by the University of Massachusetts Lowell Center for Sustainable Production, regarding DTSC's background document on Candidate Chemicals in Artificial Turf. Dr. Rachel Massey noted:
"Regarding play times, we have documented examples of sustain ably managed grass athletic fields that meet the play hours needed by communities. Grass athletic field consultants explain that with proper maintenance, a grass field will accommodate as much play as needed. We have also encountered instances in which artificial turf vendors assign different "weights" to different activities. For example, one hour of a heavy activity such as football may be counted as more than one hour of use. It can be important to understand these weightings when assessing the expected life span and cost effectiveness of the product."'04 New technologies that can be used for both artificial and natural grass playing fields 103 Ozanian, M ( 2014). "How Taxpayers Get Fooled On The Cost Of An Artificial Turf Field." Ozanian is the self-described "Traffic cop at the intersection of money and sports" of Forbes Magazine. httDS://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2014/09/28/how-taxDavers-aet-fooled-on-the-cost-of-an-artifici al-turf-field/
104 Massey, R (30 Sep 2024). "Comments on California DTSC's Background Document on Candidate Chemicals in Artificial Turf." Lowell Center for Sustainable Production, Univ. of Mass., Lowell.

LCSP letter to DTSC
include programs that can be installed at select locations around a sports field to track actual field use time, and can be used for maintenance scheduling and records management.105'106 Of note, field use time was noted to be consistently overstated based on data from at least one of the systems.107
Despite the theoretical advances in technology in synthetic turf, their "useful life" has not increased.

Wildfire risk:

Synthetic turf is a combustible petrochemical product. Research in three countries has shown it is neither ember or flame resistant.108'109'110
"Glowing embers, as are commonly blown in front of an advancing bushfire, have a temperature of around 700-800°C, and the flame of a burning leaf has a temperature of around 700°C. Strips of polyethylene can be ignited with the flame of a match which has a temperature of around 700°C."111
"Over the past two decades, we saw a 250 percent increase in fire speed across the West that I don't see slowing down anytime soon." Fire ecologist, Jennifer Balch.112 105 Field Turf Genius, how it works
106 FieldTurf Genius, product details
107FieldTurf Genius Artificial Intelligence system
108 Kukfisz, B (2018). "The Degree of Flammability for an Artificial Grass Surface System." The Main School of Fire Service, Faculty of Fire Safety Engineering, Warsaw, Poland. httDS://doi.ora/10.1051 /e3sconf/20184500038
109 Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited (Apr 2020). "Living Turf Fire Benefits Study - Literature review." GHD Australia.
httDS://www.horticulture.com.au/alobalassets/hort-innovation/resource-assets/tu17008-literature-review-liv ina-turf-fire-benefits-studv.pdf
110 Paturel, A (2021). "Fire performance of artificial turf structures : small-scale testing and development of fireproof Ing strategies." Material chemistry. Universite de Lille, France. Doctoral thesis. httDS://theses.hal.science/tel-03561379v1/file/These PATUREL Anaeline.pdf 111 Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited (Apr 2020). "Living Turf Fire Benefits Study - Literature review." GHD Australia.
httos://www. horticulture.com.au/alobalassets/hort-innovation/resource-assets/tu17008-literature-review-liv ina-turf-fire-benefits-studv.pdf
112 Deng, J (11 Jan 2025). "The Dichotomy of a Deadly Paradise — How Urban Sprawl and Climate Change Fuel LA'S Fires." Inside Climate News.
httDS://insideclimatenews.ora/news/11012025/los-anaeles-wildfires-in-altadena-and-Dacific-Dalisades/ Synthetic turf increases toxic exposures during and after wildfires.113'114 And, it contributes to escalating insurance costs.115'116'117 w aa:
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113 Schlanger, Z (15 Jan 2025). "What Happens When a Plastic City Bums." The Atlantic. httDS://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2025/01/los-anaeles-fire-smoke-Dlastic-toxic/681318/ 114 Staff writer (17 Jan 2025). "Plastic Chemicals in Wildfire Smoke and How to Protect Yourself." Plastic Soup Coalition.
httDS://www.DlasticDollutioncoalition.ora/bloa/2025/1/17/Dlastic-chemicals-in-wildfire-smoke-and-how-to-Dr otect-vourself
1'15 Mandel, A, Battiston, S, Monasterolo, I. (5 Feb 2025). "Mapping global financial risks under climate change. Nature, Climate Change.
httDS://doi.ora/10.1038/s41558-025-02244-x
116 Sherriff, L (18 Mar 2024). "Climate change is fuelling the US insurance problem." British Broadcasting Corp.
httDS://www.bbc.com/future/article/20240311-whv-climate-chanae-is-makina-the-us-uninsurable w Capani, C (7 May 2024). "/Iw'i/a issues flood risk warning as residents turn to artificial lawns." Insurance Times; United Kingdom.
httDS://www.insurancetimes.co.uk/news/aviva-issues-flood-risk-warnina-as-residents-turn-to-artificial-lawn s/1451833.article
Alternatives exist:

Avoidance of microplastics, toxic chemical exposure to people and planet, reduction of greenhouse gasses, and plastic pollution, and in support of a cooler environment, improved human health,118 and biodiversity lies in nature-based solutions.

Natural grass actively sequesters carbon dioxide and provides a cooling function that is especially dramatic when compared to the heat generated by synthetic turf. Grass naturally filters toxins, performs important eco-services for the soil beneath, and provides widely dispersed rainwater infiltration allowing absorption and recharging of the water table.

Additionally:119 Research suggests that:

Natural grasses can accumulate and deposit carbon into the soil by approximately one-half ton of carbon per acre per year for 30 to 40 years. 5,000 square feet of natural grass lawns can provide enough oxygen for approximately 28 residents - something sorely needed in our overbuilt environment.120 Desert and drought tolerant Bermuda hybrid grasses can save water.

Regenerative / organic management, and zero emission maintenance equipment mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, reduce costs over time, and increase carbon sequestration.121
•
Newer drought and desert tolerant Bermuda grass hybrids have been developed for high use playing fields, and can also be used in residential and commercial properties. One such natural grass hybrid, Tahoma31,122 uses 60% less water and can stay green for six weeks, potentially reducing water usage to two to three waterings per summer. It has sterile seeds and is non-invasive. Other drought tolerant varieties, grown in the Coachella and San Fernanda Valleys, as well as Stockton and other locations, include Coachella, Bandera, Legion and other Bermuda hybrids.

Recent examples of natural grass installations include:123 118 Braun, RC, Mandai, P, Nwachukwu, E, Stanton, A (17 Oct 2024). "The role ofturfgrasses in environmental protection and their benefits to humans: Thirty years later. " Crop Science; (64)2, pp2909-3618.
httDS://doi.ora/10.1002/csc2.21383
119 The Lawn Institute. "Carbon Sequestration." Accessed 2 Feb 2025. httDS://www.thelawninstitute.ora/environmental-benefits/carbon-seauestration/ 120 The Lawn Institute. "Fresh Oxygen Production by Natural Grass Lawns in the United States." httDS://www.thelawninstitute.ora/WD-content/uDloads/2021/02/TLI-Fresh02Droduction US-Final.pdf 121 Bevond Pesticides, organic management cost comparison 122 Tahoma31 Project List
123 CSA Holdings dba Sports Field Services. Natural grass field projects list, 2024 httDS://resources.finalsite.net/imaaes/v1717629232/nmusdus/isaurekoacirbnudr5hs/M02024-0004CSAHo Idinaslnc.pdf
Newport Harbor and Costa Mesa High Schools, renovation of football fields - $166,020 + $16,000 bid allowance.

May 2024, Blair Park, San Bernardino - in conjunction with Dodger's Foundation, 3 baseball diamond renovations - $390,000.

June 2024, LA Chargers, 3 practice field installations, 220,000 ft2 - $4,000,000.124 June 2024, UCLA Soccer Fields renovations - $550,000.

July 2024, LA Football Club Practice Fields renovations - $60,000.

August 2024, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego: installation of irrigation systems; baseball and football field installations- $1,400,000.

Desert and drought tolerant natural grasses to help cool the environment and reduce plastic pollution, use 30 to 60% less water, and support biodiversity. California native plants that support pollinators, and mini watersheds to reduce toxic runoff, protecting soil, air, waterways and the ocean can help protect both public and environment health of residents and visitors.125 Both synthetic turf and microplastics are coming under regulation by the California Department of Toxic Substances Control.

Grants are turning towards nature based solutions. Plastic is not a solution! We ask for you "NO" vote on this item and ask that you redirect your efforts to support both public and environmental health. We ask that you look beyond the greenwashing, the glitzy websites, and the glossy brochures. We also also ask that you consider why so much effort has been undertaken to push plastic and undermine education on the related science in Pasadena.

Respectfully submitted,
Diana Conway, President
Dianne Woelke MSN, Board Member
Safe Healthy Playing Fields, Inc.
httDS://www.safehealthvDlavinafields.ora
SHPFI is an all-volunteer nonprofit 501-c-3
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124 Building The Bolt: How The NFL's Newest Facility Was Made 125 Surfrider Ocean Friendly Gardens Program
McMillan, Acquanette (Netta)
From:

Sent:

To:

Cc:

Subject:

Sam Berndt
Sunday, May 3, 2026 5:44 PM
Hampton, Tyron; Cole, Rick; Jones, Justin; Masuda, Gene; Rivas, Jessica; Madison, Steve; Lyon, Jason; Gordo, Victor; PublicComment-AutoResponse
Pasadena 100 Steering Committee
PASADENA 100 - Response to Proposed FY27 CIP (Agenda Item 11) [ ! ] CAUTION: This email was delivered from the Internet. Do not click links or open attachments unless you /mow the content is safe. Report phish using the Phish Alert Button. For more information about the Phish Alert Button view article "KB0011474" on the DolT portal.

Mayor & City Councilmembers,
We in PASADENA 100 are deeply concerned about the updated CIP given a few significant changes:

1. The proposed CIP only shows 6MW of the needed 20MW of municipal solar. According to the May 4th Staff Report, PWP moved 14MW of solar as "subprojects" under a "master project" entitled "Installation of 4 MW Municipal-Owned Solar" ranked #5 on the priority list. The total cost of this master project is the same cost as the original 4MW solar project detailed in the prior CIP proposal. The only location that details this 14MW exists in the new CIP proposal is a short paragraph in the May 4th Staff Report. This aggregation was done to "reduce the total number of projects by 3", but in effect removed 14MW from the priority list in both name and cost. The OSP requires 20MW of solar prior to the end of 2030 to achieve the goal of Resolution 9977. PWP estimated the total cost of this 20MW to be $90M; the CIP is only tracking SMWand $27M of funding.

2. The Glenarm Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and Broadway BESS projects have been entirely removed from the CIP priority list found in Attachment A in the May 4th agenda. This modification was not mentioned in the Staff Report.

According to the OSP, 75MW of storage is required to achieve Resolution 9977's goal. Glenarm and Broadway BESS projects were previously priorities 15 and 28 on the previously proposed CIP,

3. The total difference between the previously proposed CIP and the current proposed CIP in regards to Resolution 9977 is an added $650k towards solar & the occlusion and removal of solar and storage projects.

We are further concerned when this is taken in conjunction with the fundamental issues associated with the CIP in relation to 9977:

4. In total, assuming the proposed FY28-FY30 budget from the prior proposed CIP is upheld, only $20.65M of the needed $90M is funded for the 20MW of solar. This is despite the council indicating that funding the council's carbon free mandate is sacrosanct.

5. Based on information from the prior CIP and David Reyes' memo, the Broadway Energy Storage System project (formerly priority 28) has been aggregated with a redevelopment of the Broadway site, potentially inflating the cost of the energy storage system by approximately $280M, a value that is not funded. It is not clear to what extent the redevelopment of the site needs to take place for the installation of the necessary storage, and thus it is not clear whether the necessary storage will be installed to meet the goals of 9977. Assuming redevelopment is necessary, only $76M is proposed of the needed $362M (21%).

6. During the Optimized Strategic Planning process, PWP assumed that municipal solar installations can take more than 2 years from the time it is funded to be completed. With 4.5 years until the end of 2030, this means that the latest that solar should be funded is FY28 if there is to be any buffer on the minimum 2 year project duration. If the solar is to be split between/TOore than 1 FY, this means approximately half of the solar should be funded in FY27 and half in FY28.

Currently, only $5M (5.5%) is proposed for solar in FY27, and according to the previous CIP only $7.2M (8%) is funded in FY28. This leaves $77.2M (86.4%) to be funded between FY29 and FY30; leaving insufficient time for the necessary installations to take place.

In sum, the proposed CIP is a proposal to fail to achieve the goal of Resolution 9977. This is unaccc 1 Item 11
Municipal solar and storage are the most equitable form of solar and storage, and will be assets to the community that enhance resiliency and reduce the cost of electricity. Investing in these community assets with the CIP ensures that the cost of electricity is equitably shared across customers.

We urge the City Council to send staff back with clear direction to fully fund the necessary 20MW of municipal solar and 75MW of local storage.

PASADENA 100
2

Pasadena City CouncilMay 4, 2026

Pasadena City Council
May 4, 2026