Receipt of a Report on the 2022 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory, and Piedmont’s Climate Action Plan 2.0 Implementation Status

City of Piedmont

COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT
DATE: July 1, 2024
TO: Mayor and Council
FROM: Rosanna Bayon Moore, City Administrator
SUBJECT: Receipt of a Report on the 2022 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory, and Piedmont’s Climate Action Plan 2.0 Implementation Status

RECOMMENDATION
Receive an informational update on the 2022 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory and the 2024 implementation update of Piedmont’s Climate Action Plan (CAP) 2.0. No action required.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
On March 19, 2018, the City Council adopted the Piedmont Climate Action Plan (CAP) 2.0.

Following that, in 2023, the Council unanimously adopted updated climate action goals to reduce in-territory greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (i.e., emissions occurring within City limits) 50% from a 2005 baseline level by the year 2030; and achieve carbon neutrality no later than 2045.

Every year, Piedmont’s progress toward achieving its climate goals is measured and summarized in a GHG emissions inventory. This report provides information on the 2022 GHG emissions inventory, including estimates for both citywide and municipal (i.e., City Government) emissions. It also includes status updates on the implementation of the CAP 2.0’s measures and actions.

In 2023, the Institute for Local Government awarded the City of Piedmont with the Vanguard Award, its highest honor through the Beacon Program. The Vanguard Award is given to one jurisdiction each year and, for Piedmont, recognizes the overall strides made in city and government emissions reductions, climate action planning, and implementation of sustainability best practices.

While Piedmont’s emissions have decreased significantly from the 2005 baseline, in 2022 Piedmont’s overall GHG emissions were slightly higher than 2021. This increase largely because of increased transportation-related emissions. Like in years past, most of Piedmont’s emissions can be attributed to two sectors: building energy and transportation.

Furthermore, emissions projections generated from the Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI) demonstrate that without increased action Piedmont will not achieve its 2030 climate goal. Therefore, key focus areas for 2024 include developing an Existing Building Electrification Strategy to address building energy related emissions, promoting sustainable mobility, and continuing to deliver communications and engagement that builds capacity for community members to take action on the CAP 2.0’s measures.

BACKGROUND
On July 17, 2023, the Council amended existing climate action goals and established the following targets:

1. Achieve municipal- and community-scale carbon neutrality no later than the year 2045, and transition to a post-carbon community.

2. Achieve an interim target of 50% emissions reductions from a 2005 baseline emissions level by the year 2030.

To monitor progress toward such goals, City of Piedmont staff conduct an annual emissions inventory. This spring, staff completed the 2022 GHG emissions inventory, attached as Exhibit A. As shown in Figure 1, the highest emitting sectors have consistently been transportation (51.1% of 2022 emissions) and residential energy (43.8%).

Figure 1. Annual GHG emissions inventory, by sector.

What follows is a brief overview of the two sections included in the 2022 inventory: the citywide inventory, which covers residential, business, government, and school district activities in Piedmont; and the municipal inventory, which covers only government activities. The municipal inventory is considered a subset, or “drill-down,” of the citywide inventory.

Citywide Emissions Update
In 2022, in-territory emissions amounted to 32,713 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MT CO2e). The largest contributors were transportation (51.1% of emissions) and residential energy (43.8%). These two sectors have consistently remained the largest emitters since Piedmont completed its first inventory in 2005.
0 10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
2005 2010 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Metric Tons of CO2
e
Water & Wastewater
Solid Waste
Process & Fugitive Emissions
Commercial Energy
Residential Energy
Transportation & Mobile Sources
2030 Goal
2045 Goal
Agenda Report Page 2
Altogether, citywide emissions are 33.0% below 2005 levels, but 3.62% higher than in 2021.

This increase can be traced to rising emissions in five subsectors: bus travel, commercial vehicle travel, personal vehicle travel, residential electricity, and solid waste. Personal vehicle travel was the largest contributor, as it generated 66.9% of the overall increase. This is likely due to a continued return to pre-pandemic activity, as this matches a countywide trend of travel emissions rising 25% in 2021, and 6% in 2022.1
Municipal Emissions Update
In 2022, municipal activities generated about 1,009 MT CO2e, or 3.09% of total in-territory emissions. This is a 10.4% increase from 2021, though mainly because staff added greater detail to the methodology.

Like previous years, the highest emitting sectors were transportation-related municipal activities (87.0% of the total), followed by solid waste (7.59%), buildings and facilities (5.20%), and process and fugitive emissions (<1%).

Please refer to Exhibit A for more detail regarding the methodology and results of the citywide and municipal inventories.

GHG INVENTORY CONCLUSIONS
This year, ICLEI staff assisted with creating a “Business-as-Usual Forecast” for the years 2022 through 2030. This forecast predicts future emissions based on current emissions and patterns.

According to the Business-as-Usual Forecast, Piedmont is not on track to meet the 2030 emissions reduction goal. Rather, the City will have an estimated excess of over 5,000 MT CO2e.

To help tackle this gap, ICLEI analyzed the potential emissions impacts of various “High Impact Actions.” This analysis identified two pathways that would bring the City back on track to meet its goals:

1. Increase electric vehicle (EV) adoption and reduce vehicle mileage.

Curbing transportation emissions requires increased use of EVs, e-bikes, public transit, biking, and walking.

2. Decarbonize buildings.

Building decarbonization is largely dependent on the full electrification of new and existing buildings, the entire community’s enrollment in 100% renewable electricity, and energy efficiency improvements.

Moreover, the City can minimize its own emissions by tackling the most significant sources of municipal emissions: the City’s vehicle fleet and employee commutes. Electrifying the City’s fleet has the potential to markedly reduce municipal emissions. At the same time, policies and programs to support carpooling and using EVs could be further explored. 1 Google. (n.d.). Alameda county [Interactive Map]. Environmental Insights Explorer.

Agenda Report Page 3
CAP 2.0 IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS UPDATE
The CAP 2.0 details the actions and measures needed to work toward the City’s climate action goals. In the past year (fiscal year 23/24), the City has made several strides toward completing these measures and actions, which are highlighted in Exhibit B. In recognition of these efforts, the Institute for Local Government awarded the City of Piedmont with the Vanguard Award, its highest honor through the Beacon Program. Exhibit B also includes a full status of all the actions and measures in the CAP 2.0 as well as a “Climate Action by the Numbers in Piedmont” onepager, which provides a graphic overview of select cumulative actions being taken by the City and Piedmont residents as of May 2024.

NEXT STEPS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
On February 5, 2024, Council was presented with an informational report that described the net new CAP 2.0 implementation priorities for the Sustainability Division to undertake in calendar year 2024.

As fully described in the City of Piedmont Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Goals Implementation, priorities are:

1. With the support of a dedicated task force, develop a strategy that will outline a phased approach to a legal and equitable transition of Piedmont’s existing homes and buildings to net-zero GHG emissions.

In spring 2024, City staff selected seven community members to volunteer for the Electrification Task Force from an extremely qualified pool of over 20 candidates. Task Force members were selected based on the principals and mandate outlined in the Task Force Charter and Existing Building Electrification Strategy’s Engagement Plan, which center on bringing together diverse perspectives to better capture the barriers and opportunities of equitably catalyzing action beyond early adopters. The first Task Force meeting is planned for August 2024, with public engagement planned for fall 2024.

2. Continue to promote the EV adoption by partnering with Ava Community Energy to install four publicly available EV fast chargers on Magnolia Ave and exploring opportunities to electrify the municipal fleet.

3. Continue to deliver engagement and outreach that builds capacity for community members to take action on the CAP 2.0’s measures.

Agenda Report Page 4

ATTACHMENTS
Exhibit A Pages 6-30 City of Piedmont 2022 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Exhibit B Pages 31-57 City of Piedmont CAP 2.0 Implementation Progress and Climate Action by the Numbers in Piedmont
Exhibit C Pages 58-72 Presentation for City Council on July 1, 2024 By: Deniz Ergun, Sustainability Program Manager
Alyssa Romea, Climate Action Fellow
Agenda Report Page 5
2022
Greenhouse
Gas Inventory
An annual summary of in-territory emissions in Piedmont, California, compiled by the City Sustainability Division.

Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 6
Contents
Executive Summary ............................................................................1 Glossary..................................................................................................2 Introduction ...........................................................................................3 Community Emissions........................................................................6 Municipal Emissions..........................................................................14 Conclusions & Recommendations................................................19 Additional Notes.................................................................................23 Researched, written, & designed by:

Alyssa Romea ♦ Sustainability Service Corps Fellow
Reviewed by:

Deniz Ergun ♦ Sustainability Program Manager
Kevin Jackson ♦ Planning & Building Director
Rosanna Bayon Moore ♦ City Administrator
Published July 1, 2024
Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 7

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
On July 17, 2023, City Council established the following climate goals: cut 2005 greenhouse gas emission levels in half by 2030, and achieve carbon neutrality no later than 2045.

Every year, staff measure and summarize
Piedmont’s progress toward climate goals by
calculating a greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions inventory. These inventories
focus on “in-territory” emissions, or
emissions caused by activities in city limits.

Staff conducted the first GHG emissions
inventory in 2005, and this established the
baseline against which all future emissions
would be compared. This newest inventory
reviews emissions from the year 2022.

Figure 1 below displays emissions over time,
broken down by sector. Piedmont has made
substantial progress; emissions have fallen

33.0% since 2005.

However, 2022 emissions rose 3.62% from
the previous year. Personal vehicles were
largely responsible for the increase, and this
likely reflects a continued return to prepandemic travel activity.

This inventory also includes forecasting
analyses by the Local Governments for
Sustainability (ICLEI). According to ICLEI’s
projections, without further intervention
Piedmont will not meet its 2030 goal.

Citywide emissions demonstrate that
meeting the goal will require deep changes
in building energy and transportation
systems, which together constituted 96.8%
of 2022 in-territory emissions. The City can
address these crucial sectors by supporting
electric vehicle adoption, improving bike and
pedestrian infrastructure, advancing building
electrification programs, and continuing to
share relevant funding support opportunities
with residents.

Municipal emissions accounted for just

3.09% of citywide emissions in 2022, but
these can also be minimized to provide a
lead example. 87.0% of municipal emissions
came from employee commutes and City
fleet vehicles. Key focal areas can include
electrifying the fleet and incentivizing
commute mileage reductions.
0 10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
2005 2010 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
MT CO2e
Water & Wastewater
Solid Waste
Process & Fugitive Emissions
Commercial Energy
Residential Energy
Transportation & Mobile Sources
2030 Goal
2045 Goal
Figure 1. Citywide Annual GHG Emissions by Sector
Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 8
PICTURING A METRIC TON OF CO2e
One metric ton of carbon dioxide (MT CO2) fills a sphere that is 32 feet wide.* Another way to picture it is to “imagine a cube almost as tall, wide, and long as a telephone pole,” and bearing the weight of a great white shark.
† On average, drivers emit one MT
CO2 for every 2,500 miles in a gasoline vehicle.
*Conlen, M. (2021, July 15). How much carbon
dioxide are we emitting? NASA.
†Tso, K. (2023, December 21). How much is a ton of
carbon dioxide? MIT Climate Portal.

Image by NASA

GLOSSARY
Carbon dioxide (CO2) a naturally occurring gas that is also a byproduct of burning fossil fuels, burning biomass, deforestation, and other industrial processes.

It is the principal human-caused greenhouse gas impacting Earth’s radiative balance.

Carbon dioxide
equivalent (CO2e)
a unit of measurement for the combined impact of different greenhouse gases. Some greenhouse gases are more potent than others, so this facilitates easier comparison by expressing the amount of CO2 that would have the equivalent warming impact.

Carbon neutrality for the purpose of this inventory, carbon neutrality refers to the point at which in-territory greenhouse gas emissions reach zero.

Greenhouse gases
(GHGs)
gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. GHGs include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases such as chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons.

In-territory emissions emissions generated by activities occurring within city boundaries.

Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 9
3 INTRODUCTION
Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 10
Introduction 4

KEY CONSIDERATION
These inventories do not include emissions generated outside city boundaries (i.e. lifecycle emissions of imported goods and services). If they did, emissions would be about seven times higher than reported in this inventory.* If included, Piedmont is the highest emitter per capita in Alameda County. While these immense consumption-based emissions pose a significant challenge, they also demonstrate the power Piedmonters yield to curb climate change with their purchasing decisions.

Every community is grappling with the climate crisis. The root problem is clear: humans are emitting greenhouse gases (hereby referred to as GHGs, GHG emissions, or emissions) at unsustainable levels.1 Over 70% of these CO2 emissions occur within cities, affirming local governments’ crucial responsibility to take action.
2 The City of Piedmont adopted its first Climate Action Plan in 2010. This landmark policy set a goal of reducing in-territory GHG emissions by 15% below 2005 levels by 2020. Since then, the City has released a Climate Action Plan 2.0 and amended goals twice. City Council established the newest change in 2023 to align with state and federal targets.3 Piedmont’s current goals are to (1) achieve municipal- and community-scale carbon neutrality no later than the year 2045, and transition to a post-carbon community; and (2) achieve an interim target of 50% emissions reductions from a 2005 baseline emissions level by the year 2030.

Staff conducted Piedmont’s first GHG emissions inventory in 2005, establishing the baseline against which all future emissions would be compared. From 2014 onward, staff have completed an annual GHG inventory to monitor progress toward climate goals. Annual inventories also serve to guide priority climate projects for staff and fulfill the City’s pledge to the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy.

Inventories are calculated through the emissions management software, ClearPath. This software is administered by Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI), a global government network spanning over 120 countries. Moreover, inventories focus on “in-territory” emissions, or emissions caused by activities within city limits.
1 U.S. Global Change Research Program. (2023, November 14). The Fifth National Climate Assessment. 2 Dasgupta, S., Lall, S., & Wheeler, D. (2022, January 5). Cutting global carbon emissions: where do cities stand? World Bank Blogs.
3 Resolution 51-2023, Piedmont City Council, (2023, July 17). * Jones, C. M, & Kammen, D. M. (2015). A consumption-based greenhouse gas inventory of San Francisco Bay Area neighborhoods, cities and counties: Prioritizing climate action for different locations. UC Berkeley.

Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 11
Introduction 5
This newest inventory assesses emissions from the year 2022. Figure 1 displays Piedmont’s citywide GHG emissions over time, broken down by sector.

Figure 1. Piedmont’s 2005, 2010, and 2014 – 2022 Annual Citywide GHG Emissions by Sector
Figure 1 demonstrates that the largest emissions reductions occurred in 2014 and 2018. In 2014, emissions fell 16.7% from the inventory prior. Local conservation and energy efficiency efforts helped drive this change. In addition, exceptionally warm seasonal temperatures meant less gas was needed to heat homes. In 2018, emissions fell 9.5% from the year prior. This was largely due to citywide enrollment in Ava Community Energy’s4 100% renewable energy service plan.

What follows is an overview of the 2022 inventory at two scales:

1. citywide emissions, which covers residential, business, school, and government activities in Piedmont; and

2. municipal emissions, which covers only government activities. The municipal inventory is considered a subset, or “drill-down,” of the citywide emissions. 4 Formerly known as East Bay Community Energy (EBCE).
0 10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
2005 2010 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
MT CO2e
Water & Wastewater
Solid Waste
Process & Fugitive Emissions
Commercial Energy
Residential Energy
Transportation & Mobile Sources
2030 Goal
2045 Goal
Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 12
6 CITYWIDE EMISSIONS
Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 13
Citywide Emissions 7
In 2022, citywide emissions rose 3.62%.

Emissions consequently totaled 32,713 MT CO2e. Like in years past, the highest emitting sectors were residential energy (43.8%) and transportation (51.1%).

The 3.62% increase can be traced to five subsectors: bus travel, commercial vehicle travel, personal vehicle travel, residential electricity, and solid waste. Personal vehicle travel was the largest contributor, as it contributed 66.9% of the increase.

Table 1 lists all citywide subsectors and their percent contribution to total emissions. The table is broken down by type of major greenhouse gas: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Subsectors are grouped by their inventory “scopes.” Scopes are a way of categorizing emissions based on where they physically occur. It helps discern indirect emissions, or those that result from Piedmont activities but occur at sources not controlled or owned by any Piedmonters.

Scope 1 covers emissions from sources located within city limits.

Scope 2 covers indirect emissions from electricity, steam, heating, or cooling.

Scope 3 covers indirect emissions from other sources such as waste disposal and outsourced activities. Reporting scope 3 emissions is optional.

Table 1. 2022 GHG Emissions by Scope and Subsector
Subsector MT
CO2
MT
CH4
MT
N2O
Total MT
CO2e
% of Total
Emissions
Scope 1
Passenger vehicles N/A N/A N/A 15,071 46.1%
Residential natural gas 13,561 1 <1 13,604 41.6%
Commercial vehicles N/A N/A N/A 1,270 3.9%
Fugitive emissions <1 16 0 452 1.4%
AC Transit 376 N/A N/A 376 1.2%
Commercial natural gas 241 <1 <1 242 .7%
Scope 2
Residential electricity 708 <1 <1 711 2.2%
Commercial electricity 399 <1 <1 401 1.2%
Scope 3
Solid waste 0 16 0 450 1.4%
Potable water supply 133 <1 <1 136 .4%
The following sections provide more detail about each broader sector.

Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 14
Citywide Emissions 8
51% of emissions
+11% from 2021
Transportation
This sector encompasses travel that begins or ends in
Piedmont. In 2022, transportation generated 16,717 MT
CO2e (51.1% of total in-territory emissions).

Staff calculate this sector in three parts: passenger vehicle travel, commercial vehicle travel, and public transit use. As seen in Table 2, passenger vehicles were the highest emitters and contributed 90.2% of transportation emissions.

Transportation emissions grew 10.6% from 2021. This is likely due to a continued return to pre-pandemic activity, as this aligns with a countywide trend of travel emissions rising 25% in 2021, and 6% in 2022.
5 The transportation sector contributes the largest share of emissions, and this share has only grown in recent years. While other sectors have had declining emissions, transportation emissions have remained stagnant or increasing since 2017.

Table 2. Transportation Emissions in 2021 and 2022
▲ = emissions increase
Due to a lack of data availability, staff changed the data source for transportation emissions from previous inventories. In 2022, passenger car and bus emissions were estimated from countywide data on Google’s Environmental Insights Explorer (EIE). While this complicates comparing 2022 emissions to those from previous years, this new method is likely more accurate than those used in the past, which relied on simulated (rather than observed) data.

EIE’s methodology is based on accepted GHG accounting principles and calculates emissions by extrapolating from Google’s robust data collection of travel behavior, vehicle types, and average fuel economies.

It is also important to note this inventory does not include air travel. If airplane emissions were included, we would likely find much higher transportation emissions. 5 Google. (n.d.). Alameda county [Interactive Map]. Environmental Insights Explorer.

Subsector 2021 Emissions
(MT CO2e)
2022 Emissions
(MT CO2e)
% of 2022 Transportation
Emissions
Passenger Vehicles 13,567 ▲ 15,071 90.2%
Commercial Vehicles 1,223 ▲ 1,270 7.6%
AC Transit 325 ▲ 376 2.3%
Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 15
Citywide Emissions 9
46% of emissions
-3.8% from 2021
One highlight is that Piedmont leads in
low-emission vehicle ownership. In 2022,
an estimated 20.1% of Piedmont’s
registered vehicles were electric or hybrid,
as shown in Figure 2.6 Due to California’s
state mandate requiring new light-duty
vehicles to be zero-emission by 2035, staff
anticipate the share of electric vehicle (EV) travel to become even greater over time.7In fact, zeroemission vehicles comprised 19.5% of new cars sold in California in 2022.8 Building Energy
In 2022, building energy contributed 14,958 MT CO2e
to in-territory emissions (45.7%). This was a 3.82%
decrease from 2021.

As shown in Table 3, this sector includes four subcategories: residential natural gas use, residential electricity, commercial natural gas, and commercial electricity. In this context, “commercial” includes business and municipal activities. Only residential electricity produced greater emissions than in 2021.

Table 3. Building Energy Emissions in 2021 and 2022
▲ = emissions increase ▼ = emissions decrease
6 California Department of Motor Vehicles. (2024). Registered Vehicles [Unpublished confidential dataset]. 7 California Air Resources Board. (n.d.). Advanced Clean Cars Program. 8 California Energy Commission. (n.d.). New ZEV sales in California [Interactive Infographic].

Subsector 2021 Emissions
(MT CO2e)
2022 Emissions
(MT CO2e)
% of 2022 Building
Emissions
Residential Natural Gas 14,640 ▼ 13,604 90.9%
Residential Electricity 239 ▲ 711 4.8%
Commercial Natural Gas 248 ▼ 242 1.6%
Commercial Electricity 423 ▼ 401 2.7%
electric, 7.38%
hybrid gas, 9.13%
plug-in hybrid, 3.63%
other, 3.08%
gasoline, 76.78%
Figure 2. 2022 Known Fuel Types for
Piedmont’s Registered Vehicles
Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 16
Citywide Emissions 10
Renewable 100
100% clean energy at slightly
higher rates than PG&E
Bright Choice

49.4% eligible renewable
energy, 5% below PG&E rates
Natural Gas
Often, when people imagine zero-carbon buildings, “solar” is the first word that comes to mind.

But while electricity sources are important, building emissions mainly come from one source:
appliances powered by natural gas rather than electricity. A few examples are gas furnaces, gas water heaters, and gas stoves. Natural gas not only worsens climate change, but it also releases pollutants directly into our homes and local communities. In fact, a 2013 meta-analysis concluded that children in homes with gas stoves possess a 42% higher chance of developing asthma symptoms.9
Residential gas appliances produced 90.9% of building energy emissions. However, residential natural gas emissions did decrease significantly (by 7.08%) for the first time in eight years — despite Piedmont experiencing greater “heating degree days” and “cooling degree days,” meaning homes needed more energy to maintain comfortable temperatures.10 The decrease may be partly traced to city “Reach Codes,” a local policy that began in June 2021. The Reach Codes are local amendments to the Building Code that encourage energy efficiency or electrification measures in residential renovations costing $30,000 or more. The City does not currently prevent the installation, nor require the removal, of gas infrastructure.

Electricity
Compared to natural gas, electricity generates much fewer building energy emissions (7.43% of the sector). Since 2005, emissions from electricity have fallen 86.6% due to most customers — including the City — enrolling in Ava Community Energy’s (Ava) “Renewable 100” service plan, which is sourced from wind and solar. Another contributor is the changing power content of other electricity service plans. For example, in 2016, PG&E’s base plan was 33% renewable; by 2022, it was 38.3% renewable.11
However, electricity emissions were 67.7% greater than in 2021. This is due to more Piedmonters enrolling in “Bright Choice,” a more affordable — but less clean — Ava service plan. In 2021, 5% of Ava customers were enrolled in Bright Choice; this rose to 9% in 2022. 9 Lin, W., Brunekreef, B., & Gehring, U. (2013). Meta-analysis of the effects of indoor nitrogen dioxide and gas cooking on asthma and wheeze in children. International Journal of Epidemiology, 42(6), 1724–1737. 10 Energy Star. (n.d.). Degree Days Calculator [Interactive Database]. Energy Star Portfolio Manager. 11 California Energy Commission. (n.d.). Power content label.

Image by Ava
Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 17
Citywide Emissions 11
Businesses
4% Piedmont Unified
School District, 6%
City Public
Use Facilities,
11%
Residential
79%

1.4% of emissions
+63% from 2021
Figure 3. 2022 Solid
Waste GHG Emissions
by Source

ZERO EMISSION HIGHLIGHT
In 2018, Piedmont’s City Council voted to enroll all municipal and residential customers into 100% renewable energy service provided by East Bay Community Energy (EBCE). In 2023, EBCE was rebranded as Ava Community Energy (Ava).

With its headquarters in Oakland, Ava is a local, not-for-profit, public agency that supplies green power and reinvests earnings into its service area, which includes 13 cities in Alameda County. For example, in 2020, Ava helped fund the Piedmont Makers Robotics Team.*
Solid Waste
When organic waste (such as food, food-soiled paper,
and yard waste) decomposes in a landfill, it releases
methane gas. Methane is a GHG with a global warming
potential 28 times stronger than CO2, meaning that it
absorbs energy and magnifies climate change at an
outstandingly faster rate.12 This is one reason it is crucial to recycle and compost when possible.

Figure 3 displays the shares of emissions from residential, business, school, and City waste bins.

In 2022, Piedmont’s solid waste diversion rate was

74.32%.
13 In other words, diligent recycling and
composting diverted most materials from the landfill. This rate has remained consistent over the past decade; in contrast, the statewide average is 37%.14 Additionally, 74.7% of construction and demolition materials were recycled.15 This rate is higher than the City’s requirement (65%) and reflects a 3% decrease since 2021.

Since 2005, solid waste emissions have fallen by 82.8%, and now constitute less than 2% of Piedmont’s emissions. While the 2022 emissions increased drastically from 2021, this only * Ava Community Energy. (n.d.). Community Sponsorships. 12 Environmental Protection Agency. (2024, March 27). Understanding global warming potentials. 13 Republic Services. (2024, April 1). City of Piedmont: Fourth annual report [Unpublished report]. 14 CalRecycle. (n.d.). California’s 2019 per capita disposal rate estimate. 15 Green Halo Systems. (n.d.). Recovery Totals [Unpublished confidential dataset].

Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 18
Citywide Emissions 12

0.4% of emissions
-4.3% from 2021

ZERO EMISSION HIGHLIGHT
In 2012, EBMUD became the first wastewater treatment plant to produce excess renewable energy in North America. This virtually eliminated wastewater emissions from Piedmont’s inventory. At the plant, microorganisms “digest” biodegradable matter in large tanks of sewage, food scraps, and other waste. As they do so, they emit biogas, which is captured and used to produce clean energy.
reflects greater detail in the methodology, rather than a true increase in emissions. This year, staff began accounting for landfilled organic waste types that were not previously included, such as paper packaging, plant trimmings, and treated wood.

Water & Wastewater
Between 2005 and 2021, water and wastewater have
contributed only a small percentage of total in-territory greenhouse gas emissions: between 0.1% and 1%. In
2022, this sector produced 0.42% of in-territory emissions.

All emissions in this sector come from supplying potable water. Wastewater treatment has contributed almost no emissions since 2012. This is by virtue of the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD), whose treatment plant relies entirely on renewable energy generated onsite. 16 The District sells surplus energy to the grid, cutting emissions and growing savings for ratepayers.
16 East Bay Municipal Utility District. (n.d.) Recycling water and energy.

Photo by EBMUD
Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 19
Citywide Emissions 13

1.4% of emissions
-7.0% from 2021
Process & Fugitive Emissions
Process and fugitive emissions are leaks and other
unintentional releases of emissions. They typically
occur during the extraction, transformation, and
transportation of fossil fuels. City staff began estimating these in the 2020 GHG Inventory to more thoroughly
account for in-territory emissions, and estimations are based on building natural gas consumption. In 2022, this sector contributed 452 MT CO2e, or 1.38% of in-territory emissions.

Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 20
14 MUNICIPAL EMISSIONS
Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 21
Municipal Emissions 15
In 2022, municipal activities generated

3.09% of citywide emissions.

The previous “Citywide Emissions” section covered
residential, business, and government activities. This
municipal inventory covers only government activities,
and is therefore considered a subset of the citywide
inventory.

Municipal emissions amounted to 1,009 MT CO2e.

Figure 5 demonstrates that in 2022 emissions increased

10.4% from 2021. However, this increase is mainly because staff added greater detail to the methodology.

Most municipal emissions came from transportation. Together, employee commutes and City fleet vehicles produced 87.0% of this municipal inventory, as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 5. 2005, 2010, and 2014 – 2022 Annual Municipal GHG Emissions The following sections provide more detail about each sector.

Vehicle
Fleet, 48%
Buildings &
Facilities, 5%
Solid
Waste, 8%
Employee
Commute,
39%
1,025
1,140
915
1,009
0 200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
2005 2010 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
MT CO2e
2030 Goal
2045 Goal
Figure 4. 2022
Municipal GHG
Emissions by Sector
Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 22
Municipal Emissions 16

5.2% of City emissions
-12% from 2021
48% of City emissions
-6.8% from 2021
Municipal Building Energy
With the City’s enrollment in Ava’s 100%
renewable energy service in 2019, electricity for
municipal buildings, streetlights, and sprinklers
produces zero emissions.

Therefore, municipal building energy emissions come entirely from gas appliances. Since 2019, these emissions have fallen due to a combination of remote work, energy efficiency, and electrification measures. For example, in 2022, the City replaced all its remaining gas water heaters with electric heat pumps.

Altogether, municipal building emissions have drastically fallen over time, as shown in Figure 6.

In 2022, building energy contributed only 53 MT CO2e, or 5.20% of municipal emissions.

Figure 6. 2005, 2010, and 2014 – 2022 Annual Municipal Building Energy GHG Emissions Municipal Vehicle Fleet
The City fleet consists of vehicles driven by the
Police, Fire, Recreation, and Public Works
Departments. It also includes vehicles driven by
the City’s contracted waste hauler — Republic Services — for waste collection services.

Emissions were calculated based on each vehicle’s estimated fuel efficiency and miles travelled.

In 2022, the fleet accounted for 47.6% of municipal emissions, making it the largest contributor. Figure 7 highlights that most fleet emissions came from the Public Works Department and from Republic Services’ waste collection vehicles. 0 50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2005 2010 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
MT CO2e
Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 23
Municipal Emissions 17
39% of City emissions
+46% from 2021
For this sector, comparing emissions year-by-year is
difficult because methodology has changed often. For
example, in 2021, staff began including emissions from
Republic Services’ waste collection service vehicles to create a more comprehensive picture.

For this 2022 inventory, staff chose to no longer include emissions from contractors, with the exception being
Republic Services. Other contractors’ data had low
certainty or availability, impeding data reliability from year to year.

Additionally, precise data on 2022 fleet mileage was
unavailable. As a result, these calculations are estimated from cumulative travel from both 2022 and 2023.

Municipal Employee Commutes
Every year, staff conduct a survey in which City
employees self-report commute information.

According to the 2022 survey, employee commutes
contributed 40.7% of municipal emissions. High
commute emissions have a few potential causes: lack of convenient public transit; lack of remote working activity; and high local costs of living, causing employees to live farther away.

Notably, 10 out of the 56 survey respondents (18%) reported driving electric or hybrid vehicles.

It is also difficult to compare emissions year-by-year for this sector. Because data is selfreported, past inventories did not capture emissions from employees who did not report their commute methods and likely caused significant underestimates. For example, in 2022, the City had a total of 242 part-time and full-time employees, but only 56 (23%) completed the survey.

To address this, in the 2022 inventory, staff estimated emissions for unreported commutes by extrapolating an average emissions output and multiplying it by the number of part-time and fulltime employees at the end of 2022. As a result, emissions for 2022 appear to have increased significantly from 2021, but, in fact, the results simply present a more comprehensive picture of commute related emissions than past inventories.

Police Department
11%
Fire
Department
3%
Public Works
Department
28%
Republic
Services
58%
Figure 7. 2022 Fleet GHG
Emissions by Source
Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 24
Municipal Emissions 18

7.6% of City emissions
+18% from 2021
Solid Waste Facilities
This sector covers landfilled waste collected from
public facilities.

In 2022, municipal solid waste generated an
estimated 77 MT CO2e, or 4.60% of municipal emissions. This is 18% higher than in 2021, but the increase is due to a change in methodology. This year, staff began accounting for landfilled organic waste types that were not previously accounted for.

When comparing emissions based on the previous methodology, 2022 emissions may have decreased from 2021. In 2021, the City began deploying three-series bins (recycling, compost and trash) in almost every office space, and in high-traffic areas in the Civic Center of Piedmont.

This has likely helped divert materials from the landfill.

Process & Fugitive Emissions
To reiterate, process and fugitive emissions are leaks and other unintentional releases of emissions. City staff began estimating these emissions in the 2020 GHG Inventory, to more thoroughly account for in-territory emissions.

In 2022, municipal process and fugitive emissions are negligible, contributing only about 2 MT CO2e.

Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 25
19 CONCLUSIONS &

RECOMMENDATIONS
Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 26
Conclusions & Recommendations 20
2022 2030 MT CO2e2022 2030 MT CO2e2022 2030 MT CO2e
This year, ICLEI staff assisted with creating a “Business-as-Usual Forecast” for the years 2022 through 2030. This forecast projects future emissions based on current emissions and patterns.

According to the Business-as-Usual Forecast, Piedmont is not on track to meet the 2030 emissions reduction goal. Rather, the City will have an estimated excess of over 5,000 MT CO2e, as shown in Figure 8.

To help tackle this gap, ICLEI staff also analyzed the potential emissions impacts of various “High Impact Actions.” This analysis identified two pathways that would bring the City back on track to meet its goals: (1) pursuing home electrification and energy efficiency, and (2) increasing EV adoption while reducing vehicle mileage. Figure 9 compares the Business-asUsual Forecast to the projections for these alternative pathways.

Figure 8. Piedmont’s Annual GHG Emissions Business-as-Usual Forecast by Sector Figure 9. Piedmont’s Annual GHG Emissions Business-as-Usual Forecast versus Action Scenarios
Scenario 1:

Business as Usual
Scenario 2:

Home Electrification
+ Energy Efficiency
Scenario 3:

Electric Vehicles +
VMT Reduction
0 5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
MT CO2e
Solid Waste
Residential Energy
Water & Wastewater
Commercial Energy
Process & Fugitive
Emissions
Transportation & Mobile
Sources
2030 Goal
Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 27
Conclusions & Recommendations 21
The High Impact Action scenarios rely on a few assumptions. For example, the “Home Electrification and Energy Efficiency" Scenario assumes that 5% of existing housing units would receive efficiency retrofits every year, and that 6% of existing housing units would be electrified every year. Meanwhile, the “Electric Vehicles and VMT Reduction” Scenario assumes that electric vehicles would cover 30% of Piedmont’s VMT by 2030.

The City has demonstrated climate leadership by hiring a Sustainability Program Manager, purchasing 100% renewable energy, pioneering reach codes, and more. Residents have also demonstrated initiative through high EV purchasing rates, high waste diversion rates, and support of City sustainability programs.

Still, in-territory emissions increased in 2022. Many sectors experienced decreasing emissions, yet these were offset by increases from transportation, electricity, and solid waste.

Piedmont’s climate goals require further intervention to building energy and transportation, which together produced 96.8% of citywide emissions.

Although education and outreach efforts are important and should be continued, financial resources and regulatory mechanisms from local, state, and federal governments are also necessary. Efforts must also address historical harms and structural inequities that have been the root causes of the climate crisis. Moving forward, a key consideration can be “targeted universalism,” a framework that centers people’s unique needs to fulfill universal goals.17 The City can reduce citywide GHG emissions by:
17 UC Berkeley Othering & Belonging Institute. (n.d.). Targeted universalism. encouraging green mobility methods such as EVs, e-bikes, public transit, biking, and walking
improving streets, sidewalks, and bike infrastructure for bike and pedestrian safety
expanding home electrification programs
continuing to share relevant financing, rebate, and incentive resources with residents
Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 28
Conclusions & Recommendations 22
While municipal emissions account for just 3.09% of Piedmont’s in-territory emissions, City systems can continue to be improved and provide model examples. Transportation continues to be the largest municipal emissions contributor; together, the City fleet and employee commutes generated 87.0% of municipal emissions.

The City can reduce municipal emissions by:
transitioning gas- and diesel-fueled fleet vehicles to EVs, with charging stations made available for City vehicles
improving accessibility for active transportation methods such as biking and walking
incentivizing zero-carbon commuting options (for example, providing showers for employees biking to work, access to discounted or free EV charging) Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 29
23 ADDITIONAL NOTES
Further Resources
For information about greenhouse gas inventory protocols, visit www.ghgprotocol.org. For more information about City partners’ sustainability efforts, visit these websites:

Changes to Previous Inventories
Readers may notice that some numbers here — such as those in Figure 1 — are slightly different from those in previous reports. Staff had recalculated parts of previous inventories.

No new data was collected for previous inventories. Rather, the focus was pulling existing data that most accurately represented methodology, to create a more reliable comparison of GHG emissions over time. Staff made the following changes:

For inventories from the years 2014-2018, staff found and resolved discrepancies in records.

In most cases, this meant increases in reported emissions. For example, the 2018 inventory had reported zero potable water emissions, which is inconsistent with methodology all other years.

Staff amended this by adding 147 MT CO2e of estimated potable water emissions for 2018.

For inventories from the years 2019-2021, certain municipal records were added to citywide inventories (formerly called “community inventories”). According to inventory protocol, a local government is part of the community it represents, and its emissions should therefore be included in community inventories when possible.18 However, for the past three inventories, municipal and community emissions were mistakenly considered separate. Consequently, methodology became inconsistent over time.

For all inventories, when possible, calculations were refined to more precise decimal points.

This had a small impact; total emissions for each inventory changed by less than five MT CO2e. 18 World Resources Institute, C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, & ICLEI. (2021). Global protocol for community-scale greenhouse gas emission inventories.

Ava Community Energy www.avaenergy.org
Republic Services www.republicservices.com/sustainability East Bay Municipal District www.ebmud.com/about-us/sustainability Exhibit A Agenda Report Page 30
Exhibit B: Climate Action Plan 2.0 Implementation Progress Update
The Climate Action Plan (CAP) 2.0, adopted in 2018, outlines a suite of measures and actions that work toward reaching the Piedmont’s updated climate action goals to halve 2005 greenhouse gas emission (GHG) levels by 2030, and achieve carbon neutrality no later than 2045.

Table 1 outlines the implementation status of each of the CAP 2.0’s measures and actions, with a focus on updates over the past year, FY 23/24. The tables only include status updates on CAP

2.0 objectives where City departments are the lead actor and where progress has been made on at least one measure or action.

FY 23/24 CAP 2.0 Implementation Highlights
In recognition of the City’s climate action, the Institute for Local Government awarded the City of Piedmont with the Vanguard Award in 2023, its highest honor through the Beacon Program.

Every year only one city receives this award and recognizes Piedmont for leadership in citywide and government emissions reductions, climate action planning, and implementation of sustainability best practices.

The page “Climate Action Piedmont by the Numbers” provides a graphic spotlight of select actions taken to-date, by Piedmont residents and the City.

The list below also highlights several more CAP 2.0 implementation advancements but focuses specifically on achievements from FY 23/24. They are further detailed with their corresponding CAP 2.0 objectives in Table 1.
• In 2023, staff completed the Urban Forest Inventory & Resource Analysis Summary Report, which, among other things, quantifies the environmental benefits of Piedmont’s trees.
• In 2023, five contracts were signed by homeowners through the Bay Area Sunshares solar photovoltaic (PV) discount program, making a total of 11 contracts signed to-date. • In 2024, four Piedmont households were recognized with Sustainability Awards for their excellence in zero-carbon and water-wise home improvements. Their examples of leadership successes were captured and highlighted through City communications. • In spring 2024, the Sustainability Division participated at the Arbor and Earth Day Celebration as well as a Piedmont Center of the Arts’ event to provide education on topics such as reducing waste to landfill, electrification, clean water, and more.

Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 31
• As of May 2024, efforts to improve and promote pedestrian safety included the completion of three additional bulb-outs at three intersections: Oakland/Jerome, Oakland/El Cerrito, and Nova/Magnolia .
• In 2024, the City’s existing induction cooktop lending program was expanded through a partnership with Ava Community Energy, vastly increasing lending rates.

Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 32
Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 33
Table 1. FY 23/24 CAP 2.0 Implementation Progress Matrix Measures and Action by
Sector and Objective
Lead
Actor Status
Buildings and Energy
Objective 1: Reduce Residential Building Energy Use
Measure: 1.1 Disclose building energy consumption
Develop a single-family and/or multi-family residential unit energy assessment ordinance requiring disclosure at the time of sale, major remodel, rental, or other trigger point.

Planning &
Building
Complete.

Council adopted Resolution No.55-2020 and Ordinance 751 N.S establishes a Home Energy Assessment Policy for home projects which require design review permits and which may have an energy impact as well as during the sale or transfer of a property in Piedmont.

According to data provided by BayREN, as of January 2024, 389 Piedmont homes had completed a Home Energy Score report.

Partner with home energy audit providers to develop public outreach and community engagement programs on
residential energy assessment opportunities and energy
efficiency retrofits, with a focus on post audit follow-through.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

City staff continues to work with certified home energy auditors as well as StopWaste and BayREN staff to conduct public outreach on home energy assessments.

Increase knowledge of and encourage residents to use PGE's "My Energy" online tool to compare and understand energy and natural gas use.

Planning &
Building Complete.

Measure: 1.2 Reduce electricity and natural gas consumption Encourage utilities to develop and implement demand-side management programs.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

City staff continue to work with utilities directly and through StopWaste to promote the development of and participate in delivering demand-side management programs.

Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 34
Promote and incentivize residential energy conservation and efficiency retrofits (i.e. insulation, energy-efficient windows, etc.) for existing buildings through competitions, case studies, rebates, and educational/community engagement
events on statewide code changes, financing options, and the benefits of GHG reduction methods.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

In 2024, four Piedmont households were recognized with Sustainability Awards, as part of the annual Planning and Building Design Awards. Each awardee demonstrated a local example of excellence in sustainable construction and design, reducing their homes’ GHG emissions, water consumption, and more. It is anticipated that further action on this measure will be taken through the development and implementation of the upcoming Existing Building Electrification Strategy.

At point of replacement, consider requiring the installation of energy conserving appliances and fixtures, such as ondemand tank-less water heaters, Energy Star appliances, and LED lightbulbs.

Planning &
Building
Action Needed.

The City’s Reach Codes (Ordinance 766 N.S.) encourage the installation of energy efficiency measures during major renovation projects valued at ≥$30,000. The City does not currently prevent the installation, nor require the removal, of gas infrastructure.

Promote Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) financing and other energy improvement financing programs.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

Information on PACE financing and other energy improvement financing programs are listed on the City’s website.

Consider following the State’s goal of having all new
residential construction be Zero Net Energy (ZNE).

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

The state’s definition of a ZNE building is an energy-efficient building where the actual annual consumed energy is less than or equal to the on-site renewable generated energy. As of the 2022 California Building Code, solar photovoltaics (PV) are required for new construction including new detached ADU’s. The city has not adopted further measures to require ZNE.

Investigate developing an online, GHG reduction tracking platform for Piedmont residents to track their actions that may affect their carbon footprint and to participate in community-wide GHG reduction challenges.

Planning &
Building
Complete.

In collaboration with Piedmont Connect, the City launched an interactive online platform, the Piedmont Climate Challenge, in fall 2019.

Provide case studies/awards/highlights for property owners who set good sustainability examples (i.e. solar, LEED, drought-tolerant landscape, etc.).

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 35
Measure: 1.3 Switch from natural gas to electric appliances, paired with renewable energy Educate residents on the options and incentives for electric appliances, such as furnaces, water heaters, dryers, stoves, and more, as well the importance of pairing electrification with the installation of renewable energy.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

The City’s website provides information on electric appliances, renewable energy, battery storage as well as links to relevant rebates and incentives. In 2024, these webpages are being redeveloped with the goal of making relevant information more accessible and useful for residents.

The City also offers a free induction cooktop lending program. In 2024, the lending program was expanded through a partnership with Ava Community Energy.

In spring 2024, City staff attended community events such as Arbor and Earth Day Celebration as well as an art event hosted by the Piedmont Center of the Arts to provide information to residents.

Consider requiring electric appliances for new construction.

Residents
& Building
Complete.

The City is no longer enforcing Reach Codes Section 8.02.070 and relevant elements of 8.02.020 as a result of the Ninth Circuit’s decision in California Restaurant Association v. City of Berkeley. The City will continue requiring the installation of a circuit for electrical appliances (cooktop and clothes dryer) when remodeling those areas or for new construction, but will not require the removal of any existing gas circuits (nor prevent the installation of new gas circuits) for these areas.

Provide incentives to convert existing residences from
natural gas to electric appliances.

Planning &
Building
Complete.

The City launched the Piedmont Electrification Rebate Program in January 2023 to encourage the adoption of heat pump hot water heaters, heat pump home heaters, and electric panel upgrades. As of May 2024, the City has issued 35 electrification rebates totaling almost $37,000.

Objective 2: Reduce commercial building energy use
Objective 3: Increase renewable energy to 100% by 2030
Measure: 3.1 Commit to being a renewable energy city
Pass a resolution to meet 100% of community-wide
electricity demand by renewable sources by 2030.

Planning &
Building Action Needed.

Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 36
In May 2018, City Council voted to auto-enroll all residential electricity accounts in Ava Community Energy’s 100% Renewable service plan starting in November 2018. As of 2023, 88% of accounts are enrolled in their 100% Renewable service.

No resolution has been passed to address community-wide electricity demand.

Measure: 3.2 Install on-site renewable energy
Require all new construction or existing buildings that substantially increase their floor area to install on-site solar to off-set at least 75% of their electricity usage.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

The City’s Reach Codes (Ordinance 766 N.S.) includes requirements for the installation of solar photovoltaic systems at the point of roof expansion (>30%) or the addition of a new upper level. The City does not have a policy for offsetting a certain % of electricity use.

Target 100% of buildings with solar to install battery storage.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

The 2022 Building Code expands solar photovoltaic (PV) panels system requirement with onsite battery storage standards, thereby encouraging battery storage in new buildings.

Require buildings that undergo roof replacements to be
“solar ready”.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

The City’s Reach Codes (Ordinance 766 N.S.) includes requirements for the installation of solar photovoltaic systems at the point of roof expansion (>30%) or the addition of a new upper level.

Increase outreach and community engagement for solar
installation programs and incentives, including communitybased social marketing campaigns, public workshops, and partnering with utilities.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

Along with promoting renewable energy at public events and on the website, the City is a partner of Bay Area SunShares, an annual program where SunShares offers rooftop solar and battery storage installation at roughly 15% below market rates. In 2023, five additional contracts were signed through the program, making a total of 11 contracts signed to-date in Piedmont.

Develop a reach code to phase-out electric service panels below a 200-amp capacity at time of upgrade.

Planning &
Building
Complete.

The City’s Reach Codes (Ordinance 766 N.S.) includes requirements when upgrading an electric main panel to include capacity to accommodate future electrification of all appliances (including home heating and hot water heating).

The City does not currently prevent the installation, nor require the removal, of gas infrastructure.

Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 37
Measure: 3.3 Increase the amount of renewable energy delivered through the grid Encourage residents to choose Ava Community Energy as
their electricity provider and support education and
community engagement for residents throughout the
transition to Ava.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

Ava Community Energy’s 100% Renewable service plan is currently the default option for Piedmont accounts. Staff partners with Ava to continue to educate and promote electricity options.

Have 100% renewable be the default option for Piedmont
residents through Ava Community Energy’s with an opt-down option.

Planning &
Building
Complete.

In May 2018, City Council voted to auto-enroll all residential electricity accounts in Ava Community Energy’s 100% Renewable Energy service plan starting in November 2018. As of 2023, 88% of accounts are enrolled in their 100% Renewable service
Objective 4: Partner with schools to reduce energy use
Objective 5: Reduce local air pollution and high global warming potential gases Measure: 5.1 Decrease the impact of Piedmont’s building stock on pollution and GHG emissions Prohibit wood-burning fireplaces in new development and encourage retrofitting existing wood-burning fireplaces with natural gas or electric alternatives.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

Require that new air conditioning and refrigeration units use refrigerants with low global warming potential (e.g. CO2 or ammonia instead of hydrofluorocarbons).

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

California is required to reduce hydrofluorocarbon emissions 40% below 2013 levels by 2030 under Senate Bill 1383 (Health & Saf. Code § 39730.5). Staff will continue to monitor relevant federal and state laws.

Promote and consider requiring the installation of exterior electrical outlets to promote the use of electric maintenance equipment.

Planning &
Building
Action needed.

In 2021, CA Assembly Bill 1346 was signed into law, to achieve 100% zero emissions from off-road equipment (primarily lawn and garden equipment) in California by 2035, where feasible and cost-effective. Staff are conducting ongoing outreach on the City’s leaf blower regulations.

Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 38
Objective 6: Investigate infrastructure upgrades and new technologies Measure: 6.1 Explore deep decarbonization infrastructure changes Assess the potential for district heating in Piedmont,
including a density assessment to evaluate potential costs, mapping the City’s heating and cooling demand (including building stock and consumption data).

Planning &
Building Action needed.

Explore micro-grids as a carbon reduction and resiliency strategy.

Planning &
Building &
Public
Works
Ongoing.

Staff continue to explore funding and partnership opportunities for microgrid deployment in Piedmont. In November 2022, City Council approved Resolution No. 71-2022, authorizing the City Administrator to pursue deployment of solar and battery energy storage at critical municipal facilities in partnership with Ava Community Energy.

Reduce the need for new natural gas lines through phasing out natural gas appliances in new construction and existing building replacements.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

The upcoming Existing Building Electrification Strategy will explore tools to promote electrification uptake.

Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 39
Transportation
Objective 1: Increase number of trips made by biking and walking Measure 1.1: Encourage walking and biking safety
Install sidewalk railings on the Oakland Avenue bridge.

Public
Works
Complete.

Safety railings along both sidewalks on the Oakland Avenue bridge were installed in 2020.

Enhance street crossing safety through crosswalks, flashing pedestrian lights, and signage.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

In December 2021, the Council adopted the Piedmont Safer Streets plan which identifies 21 locations, including a subset of the highest-priority locations, that need enhanced street crossings. Along with safety improvements completed at the Mesa/Moraga intersection in 2023, three additional bulb-outs were installed at three intersections: Oakland/Jerome, Oakland/El Cerrito, and Nova/Magnolia as of May 2024.

Provide safety education led by the Police or Public Works Department (traffic safety messages on city buildings and online).

Public
Works
Ongoing.

In August of 2018, Public Works, the Police Department, and the City Engineer formed the Traffic Safety Team. It meets once a month to answer residents’ inquiries and disseminate traffic safety information.

In May 2024, the Police Department attended Bike to Wherever Day disseminating bike safety information at the Sustainability Division’s Energizer Station.

Consider transitioning streets to one-way traffic to add bike lanes in residential areas.

Public
Works Action Needed.

Implement traffic calming measures.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

The City does not have a formal traffic calming program; instead, it considers residents’ requests on a case-by-case basis. In 2020, the Council approved a pilot program for the installation of traffic-calming ‘speed cushions’ on Scenic and Greenbank Avenue. As of May 2024, traffic calming measures have also been Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 40
completed at the intersections of Mesa/Moraga, Oakland/Jerome, Oakland/El Cerrito, and Nova/Magnolia as of May 2024.

Measure 1.2: Provide access to bicycles and bicycle paths Pursue the installation of a Bay Area Bike Share station in the Grand Ave commercial district.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Staff is actively searching for grants and other funding opportunities as well as works with Ava Community Energy to determine the feasibility of installing a Bike Share station in the City.

Enhance bike infrastructure along bikeway network
designated in Piedmont's Pedestrian and Bicycle Master
Plan (PBMP).

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Based on the Safer Streets Plan, the City has completed or is in the process of 8 crossing improvement projects at intersections, 8 bikeways on street segment projects, 9 pedestrian curb ramps at intersections, and 15 street resurfacing projects.

Install additional bike parking racks at key destinations.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

With the assistance of BAAQMD, the City installed bike racks at key locations in the Civic Center where events are held.

Implement Highland road diet.

Public
Works
Action needed.

The Safer Streets Plan recommends a detailed traffic study of the Highland Avenue corridor, with 3 objectives: road diet, reconfiguration of the “bend”, and alleviating school-related congestion.

Implement Grand Avenue road diet.

Public
Works
Complete.

In 2016, the City of Oakland implemented a road diet on Grand Avenue between Elwood Avenue and the Piedmont city limit, near Jean Street/Wildwood Avenue.

The project replaced two travel lanes with bike lanes and a center turn lane.

Coordinate with Oakland on the planning, design, funding and creation of inter-city bikeways, particularly on Grand, Moraga and Wildwood Avenues and on Park Boulevard and
the creation of a map that shows these networks.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

In May 2023, two new class 2 bike lanes were added in the uphill direction on Moraga Ave. These bike lanes add to the regional bikeway network. The City of Piedmont has been communicating with Oakland staff to contribute to the regional bikeway map.

Introduce traffic signal controls that prioritize bicycles.

Public
Works Action needed.

Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 41
Provide bicycle parking at city sponsored events. Public Works
Complete.

With the assistance of BAAQMD, the City installed bike racks at key locations in the Civic Center where events are held.

Implement physical bike protection, separation, or warning infrastructure like Botts' dots, concrete dome curb
extensions, or pop-ups.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Based on the Safer Streets Plan, since 2014, the City completed or is in the process of 8 bikeways on street segment projects.

Facilitate Bike to Work Day and other bike promotion and educational/community engagement events.

Public
Works
Complete.

In 2024, the City promoted Bike to Wherever Day events through various communication platforms and hosted an Energizer Station in the Civic Center.

Objective 2: Reduce transportation emissions from schools Objective 3: Increase residents’ use of public transit
Measure 3.1: Increase use of busses and BART
Incentivize public transit use through community-based
social marketing campaigns.

Planning &
Building &
Public
Works
Ongoing.

Public transportation information is available on the City’s website. Additional work is needed to incentivize public transit use among all community members.

Work with AC transit to improve fuel efficiency and
alternative fuel buses.

Planning &
Building &
Public
Works
Ongoing.

Staff support AC Transit’s transition to a zero-emission bus fleet. By the end of 2023, 10% of AC Transit’s fleet will be zero emission clean air buses. By 2040, 100% of AC Transit’s fleet will be zero emission buses.

Consult with AC transit to ensure Piedmont has bus stops that provide shade, weather protection, seating, lighting, and route information.

Planning &
Building &
Public
Works
Ongoing.

Staff work with AC Transit to enhance ridership in post-pandemic times.

Currently, more than half of Piedmont bus stops have benches and shading.

Consider investing in an intra-city shuttle to provide
convenient transit within the city and to key locations like schools, casual carpool sites, and BART.

Planning &
Building &
Public
Works
Action needed.

The Council may direct staff to pursue a study to determine the feasibility of an intra-city shuttle.

Objective 4: Support the adoption of ZEVs and the growth of EV charging stations Measure 4.1: Support the growth of EV charging infrastructure Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 42
Install EV chargers in the Civic Center area, Grand Avenue commercial zone, and other commonly traveled locations
in Piedmont.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Staff are working with Ava Community Energy to complete the installation of 4 publicly accessible EV Level 3/DC fast charging stations on Magnolia Avenue. The chargers are anticipated to be complete by March 2025. Staff is actively searching for grants and other funding opportunities to deploy additional chargers.

Develop an ordinance to require EV charger pre-wiring in any garage remodel.

Planning &
Building
Complete.

Chapter 8 of City Code requires garage remodels that meet specific conditions to comply with the 2022 CalGreen Code that requires installation of an EV capable raceway to accommodate a dedicated 208/240-volt branch circuit Require pre-wiring for EV charging in new construction.

Planning &
Building
Complete.

The 2022 CalGreen Code requires new construction to include the installation of an EV capable raceway to accommodate a dedicated 208/240-volt branch circuit.

Objective 5: Reduce miles traveled in personal gasoline vehicles Objective 6: Increase mixed-use development
Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 43
Solid Waste
Objective 1: Reduce waste going to the landfill
Measure 1.1: Establish a waste diversion target for 2030 Adopt a resolution to achieve 85% waste reduction and
diversion by 2030.

Public
Works
Action needed.

The City currently has a diversion rate of 75%.

Measure 1.2: Provide education on ways to reduce consumption Encourage composting within the City through education
and community engagement about proper green waste
sorting, backyard composting, and providing compostable bags and countertop compost bins.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Per SB 1383 regulations, all residents in California are required to subscribe to an organics collection service. Information about composting is distributed through Republic Services’ newsletters and articles in local media. Composting information is also available on the City’s website. Staff regularly give away compostable bags to residents at the City’s Planning & Building Counter.

Promote educational programs and community
engagement and outreach on reducing food waste,
recycling, and landfill diversion.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

City staff regularly supports waste management and diversion efforts at the Harvest Festival and Turkey Trot as well as include materials at tabling events.

Information on these topics is also available on the City’s website.

Promote “fix-it” clinics to educate residents on how to repair items instead of throwing them away.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Staff have distributed information about “fix-it” opportunities through local media articles.

Provide education and community engagement on items
accepted in bulk-pick up program to ensure proper disposal of appliances and other bulky refuse.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Information about bulky items is distributed through Republic Services’ quarterly newsletters and articles in local media. Information can also be found on the City’s website and on StopWaste’s Re:Source tool.

Provide education and community engagement on where
to drop-off specialized waste, such as paints, fats, grease, oils, and other items that cannot go in curbside or bulk pick-up.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 44
Investigate developing an online, GHG reduction tracking platform for Piedmont residents to track their actions
related to waste that may affect their carbon footprint and to participate in community wide GHG reduction
challenges.

Public
Works
Complete.

In collaboration with Piedmont Connect, the City launched an interactive online platform, the Piedmont Climate Challenge, in fall 2019.

Provide updated detailed information about which specific materials are currently being recycled by Piedmont’s waste hauler, rather than shipped elsewhere for disposal.

Educate residents on the fact that recycling is a marketbased program, and that if there is no market for a material, it will not be recycled.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Information about the disposal locations of Piedmont’s solid waste, recycling, and organics are provided in Republic Services’ annual reports and on their Piedmont specific webpage.

Educate residents about the different types of plastic and the limitations of plastic recycling. Create awareness that putting a plastic item in the blue recycling bin does not mean it will actually be recycled. Encourage the decreased consumption of plastics and plastic packaging.

Public
Works Action needed.

Measure 1.3: Reduce construction and demolition waste
Promote alternatives to traditional building demolition such as relocation, deconstruction, and salvage.

Planning &
Building Action needed.

Provide incentives to builders for using deconstruction instead of demolition.

Planning &
Building Action needed.

Partner with nearby cities to provide contractor training on deconstruction as an alternative to demolition.

Planning &
Building Action needed.

Objective 2: Encourage sustainable practices of the City's waste hauler Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 45
Consumption
Objective 1: Reduce emissions associated with food consumption and food waste Measure 1.1: Provide education on consumption related GHG emissions Increase awareness of consumption-based emissions
through the Climate Action Plan.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

In collaboration with Piedmont Connect, the City launched an interactive online platform, the Piedmont Climate Challenge, in fall 2019. The City also promotes StopWaste resources on this topic on its website, through local media, and at tabling events.

Promote education on personal and household carbon
footprints.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

Host a decarbonization workshop to promote awareness
of the climate change impacts of consumption.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

City staff organized a community event in April 2019 to raise awareness on more sustainable consumption habits, goods, and services. In collaboration with Piedmont Connect, the City launched an interactive online platform, the Piedmont Climate Challenge, in fall 2019.

Measure 1.2: Support other agencies' initiatives for emissions transparency and accountability Encourage BAAQMD's efforts to create and promote
consumption-based emissions inventories.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

Support State legislation that requires producers to be involved in end-of-life product management.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

The City regularly meets with StopWaste to monitor progress on SB 54 draft regulations, which will, in part, shift the plastic pollution burden from consumers to producers.

Support a regional plastic water bottle ban. Planning & Building
Action needed.

Support product labeling that includes information about GHG emissions associated with the lifecycle of products.

Planning &
Building
Action needed.

Objective 2: Reduce emissions associated with food consumption and food waste Measure 2.1: Reduce Food Waste
Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 46
Educate residents on how to reduce waste of edible foods through proper food storage, meal planning, and
purchasing of 'imperfect food'.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

The City also promotes StopWaste resources on this topic on its website, through local media, and at tabling events.

Measure 2.2: Reduce carbon intensity of food consumption Begin a community campaign to educate the public about
food choice as part of a climate-friendly lifestyle.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Educate residents and businesses on low-carbon food
options, such as minimally processed foods, fruits, grains and vegetables.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Educate residents on the benefits of collecting and
recycling fats, oils, and grease from food products and use.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Objective 3: Increase awareness of consumption related GHG emissions Measure 3.1: Provide education on consumption related GHG emissions Increase awareness of consumption-based GHG emissions
through the Climate Action Plan.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

In collaboration with Piedmont Connect, the City launched an interactive online platform, the Piedmont Climate Challenge, in fall 2019.

Promote education on personal and household carbon
footprints.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

In collaboration with Piedmont Connect, the City launched an interactive online platform, the Piedmont Climate Challenge, in fall 2019.

Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 47
Host a decarbonization workshop to promote awareness
of the climate change impacts of consumption.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

Measure 3.2: Reduce emissions from the construction and destruction of buildings Promote alternatives to traditional building demolition such as relocation, deconstruction, and salvage.

Planning &
Building Action needed.

Encourage the preservation of Piedmont's existing stock of small and historic homes and discourage the granting of variances for floor area ratio.

Planning &
Building Action needed.

Create “Climate-Friendly” purchasing suggestions on
sustainable materials, energy efficient, appliances, and other building products and materials.

Planning &
Building Action needed.

Objective 4: Reduce emissions from the consumption of goods and food within schools Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 48
Water and Wastewater
Objective 1: Reduce water use by 20%
Measure 1.1: Encourage residential and commercial users to participate in EBMUD’s free water audit program Partner with EBMUD and StopWaste to provide water
conservation outreach and community engagement
programs and encourage residential and commercial
users to participate in free water efficiency audits.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Information on water conservation can be found on the City’s website. Staff regularly provide updates on the drought and water conservation at Park Commission meetings. Staff also share updates on water conservation opportunities in local media.

Promote rebates for water efficiency projects, including low-flow fixtures.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Require a water efficiency audit at point of sale.

Planning &
Building Action needed.

Measure 1.2: Reduce residential water use
Adopt a residential retrofit program to encourage the
installation of water conservation measures.

Planning &
Building Action needed.

Consider requiring the installation of water conserving fixtures at the point of sale or rental.

Planning &
Building Action needed.

Consider requiring pool covers in order to reduce
evaporation.

Planning &
Building Action needed.

Investigate developing an online, GHG reduction tracking platform for Piedmont residents to track their actions
related to water use that may affect their carbon
footprint and to participate in community-wide GHG
reduction challenges.

Planning &
Building
Complete.

In collaboration with Piedmont Connect, the City launched an interactive online platform, the Piedmont Climate Challenge, in fall 2019.

Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 49
Measure 1.3: Promote landscaping that minimizes water use Encourage the replacement of high water use landscapes
in residential and commercial uses.

Ongoing.

Staff continues to promote the replacement of high-water use landscapes through City demonstration projects, and in outreach materials on the City’s website.

Enforce and consider expanding the California Water
Efficiency Landscape Ordinance (WELO).

Ongoing.

While WELO is enforced, further action would be required to expand the ordinance.

Measure 1.4: Reduce water use in schools
Objective 2: Conserve and collect water
Measure 2.1: Promote infrastructure improvements
Work with EBMUD to repair and maintain existing water
lines to prevent leaks.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Staff are evaluating and monitoring water use reports to determine priority sites for repairs and improvements.

Measure 2.2: Encourage use of greywater and rainwater collection Consider requiring greywater or rainwater collection
systems in new construction.

Planning &
Building Action needed.

Create an outreach or community engagement program
that encourages business and residents to construct
greywater and rainwater collection systems that can be
used for irrigation and non-potable uses.

Public
Works Action needed.

Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 50
Municipal
Objective 1: Reduce City GHG emissions
Measure 1.1: Set a zero-carbon goal for the City government Pass a resolution committing Piedmont’s municipal
facilities and activities to zero-carbon by 2050 and
develop interim milestones.

Planning &
Building Action needed.

Objective 2: Reduce emissions from City buildings and energy supply Measure 2.1: Reduce energy use in city buildings
When remodeling or repairing City buildings, include
opportunities for energy efficiency retrofits or green
building certification.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

The City has a Civic Green Building Ordinance that resides in Chapter 8 of the Piedmont Municipal Code. In 2022, the City secured grant funding to replace all remaining existing gas water heaters at City facilities with heat pump water heaters. The new Piedmont Community Pool has been designed as an allelectric facility and will be the City’s first LEED Certified Building. Staff is actively searching for grants and other funding opportunities to make further improvements.

Construct new City buildings to ZNE and green building
certification standards.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

The City has a Civic Green Building Ordinance that resides in Chapter 8 of the Piedmont Municipal Code. The new Piedmont Community Pool has been designed as an all-electric facility and will be the City’s first LEED Certified Building. Staff is actively searching for grants and other funding opportunities to make further improvements.

Increase the energy efficiency of lighting and appliances in City buildings as opportunities arise.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

In 2022, the City replaced all remaining gas water heaters with electric heat pump water heaters. The City also already converted all cobra head streetlights to LEDs and, long term, will be converting the remaining decorative post top streetlights to LEDs. Staff is actively searching for grants and other funding opportunities to support these efforts.

Switch from natural gas to electric appliances once the electricity supply nears 100% and the technology
becomes affordable.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

In May 2022, the City replaced all remaining gas water heaters with electric heat pump water heaters. The City also already converted all cobra head Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 51
streetlights to LEDs and will be converting the remaining decorative post top streetlights to LEDs. Staff is actively searching for grants and other funding opportunities.

Investigate strategies for reducing energy use at the City aquatic facilities.

Public
Works
Complete.

In April 2022, an Energy Use Report developed for the new Piedmont Community Pool that determined it is feasible to electrify the entire facility with a combination of electric heat pumps, photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) panels, and integration with the clean electrical grid. In April 2022, Council directed staff to proceed with full electrification of the new facility and pursue additional funding and partnership opportunities to offset electrification costs.

Staff is actively searching for grants and other funding opportunities.

Measure 2.2: Monitor Building Performance
Consider installing electronic building performance
displays in all publicly accessible buildings.

Public
Works Action needed.

Conduct energy audits of all buildings every 10 years.

Public
Works
Complete.

In 2023, the City staff worked with BayREN to complete a municipal energy portfolio audit of City facilities.

Measure 2.3: Increase the amount of renewable energy on-site and through the grid Evaluate the potential for and install cost-effective
renewable energy systems on City Properties.

Public
Works
Complete.

In 2023, the City staff worked with BayREN to complete a municipal energy portfolio audit of City facilities. As of November 2022, the City Council approved a resolution authorizing the City Administrator to pursue widespread deployment of solar and battery energy storage at critical municipal facilities in partnership with Ava Community Energy .

Commit to 100% renewable energy through Ava
Community Energy.

Public
Works
Complete.

In May 2018, City Council voted to auto-enroll all municipal electricity accounts in Ava Community Energy 100% Renewable service plan.

When constructing new buildings or replacing and
structurally upgrading roofs, build solar ready or include the installation of solar in the bid process.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

In 2022, Council directed staff to proceed with full electrification of the new Piedmont Community Pool, which was designed to include
Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 52
photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) panels. Additional opportunities will be explored as the City seeks to upgrade its facilities.

Measure 2.4: Reduce emissions from high global warming potential gases Enforce the ban on petroleum powered leaf blowers
and maintenance equipment.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

In 2016, City staff utilized BAAQMD funding to replace all municipal gaspowered blowers and hedgers with battery operated devices. The City’s landscape maintenance contracts and yearly tree trimming contract prohibits the use of gas-powered blowers and requires contractors to use only battery or electric blowers.

Replace high GWP refrigerant air conditioners and
dispose of them properly.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

In 2022, all gas-powered water heaters at City Hall were replaced with heat pumps in May 2022. Staff is actively searching for grants and other funding opportunities to install heat pumps at other City facilities.

Continue to maintain Piedmont’s urban forest and plant
new trees where possible to sequester carbon
emissions, improve air quality, and help reduce the heat island effect.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

In 2023 staff completed the Urban Forest Inventory & Resource Analysis Summary Report. The report includes, among other things, a full tree inventory as well as quantifies the health and environmental benefits provided by Piedmont’s trees.

Objective 3: Reduce Municipal Transportation Emissions
Measure 3.1: Reduce employee transportation emissions
Promote employee ride-shares, walking, biking, and
public transportation as commuting alternatives.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

In 2022, City staff reestablished the Bay Area Commuter Benefits Program.

Staff also are seeking opportunities for additional clean commuter incentives.

Provide a shower and changing area for City employees
to facilitate biking to work.

Public
Works Action needed.

Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 53
Install EV chargers accessible to City employees.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Staff are working with Ava Community Energy to complete the installation of 4 publicly accessible EV Level 3/DC fast charging stations on Magnolia Avenue that will be available for the public and staff to use. The chargers are anticipated to complete by March 2025.

Measure 3.2: Reduce municipal fleet emissions
Develop a fleet purchasing policy that prioritizes fuel efficiency and ZEVs.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

In 2022, Sustainability Division staff worked with Ava Community Energy to conduct a fleet electrification assessment. The Council may direct staff to develop such a policy now that the assessment has been completed.

Objective 4: Reduce Solid Waste Generated by City Services Measure 4.1: Reduce solid waste generated by the city or city-related events Implement a zero-waste City Events, including
compostable dinnerware, water refilling stations, and
banning plastic water bottles.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Staff follow guidelines and procedures set forth by the Green Event Guide and Sustainable Procurement Policy to achieve maximum waste diversion, including the use of reusable foodware.

Institute paperless practices for City Council,
Commissions, and community meetings.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Staff follow guidelines and procedures set forth by the Sustainable Procurement Policy to reduce paper use.

Enforce and expand the City’s environmental purchasing
policy.

Public
Works
Complete.

In December 2021, the Council adopted updates to the City’s Sustainable Procurement Policy, which expands on purchasing policies since the first policy was adopted in 2011.

Conduct a solid waste audit for City facilities.

Public
Works
Complete.

With the assistance of Republic Services, a solid waste audit was completed at City facilities in 2022.

Consider meat-free options for City events.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Staff follow guidelines and procedures set forth by the Sustainable Procurement Policy to minimize emissions from food and food waste.

Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 54
Educate City employees and the public on recycling and
composting at city events and facilities.

Public
Works
Complete.

In 2022, Sustainability staff provided trainings to City purchasers on the City’s recently updated Sustainable Procurement Policy.

Replace paper towels with electric hand dryers in City
bathrooms .

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Electric hand dryers have been installed in Community Hall and staff are evaluating sites for additional deployment.

Objective 5: Reduce City Water Use
Measure 5.1: Reduce water use in City buildings
Install water efficient fixtures in City buildings, including motion sensor faucets in bathrooms.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Staff are evaluating sites in City facilities to install water efficient fixtures.

Install water efficient appliances, such as dishwashers and hot water heaters.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Staff are evaluating sites in City facilities to install water efficient appliances at time of replacement. In 2022, all gas-powered water heaters at City Hall were replaced with heat pumps in May 2022. Staff is actively searching for grants and other funding opportunities to install heat pumps at other City facilities.

Measure 5.2: Reduce and capture water use in City landscapes Transition current water-intensive landscaping to
drought-tolerant landscaping, limiting areas requiring
intensive irrigation.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Staff are monitoring and tracking water use in City landscapes and public areas. In FY 23/24, new landscape improvements included replacing water intensive plant material with native and drought tolerant alternatives and upgrading irrigation systems to be more water efficient.

Facilitate the installation of weather-based
evapotranspiration (ET) controller irrigation systems in City landscapes.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

In FY 23/24, new landscape projects, including the new community pool, have been designed to include weather -based evapotranspiration controllers.

When existing controllers need to be replaced, they are upgraded to weather based models.

Implement the City’s Green Infrastructure Plan.

Public
Works
Ongoing.

Through the Municipal Regional Permit (MRP) 3.0, the City has 2027 green infrastructure targets. The City has designed the Grand Ave/Fairview Ave bulbout project and anticipates to start construction in FY 24/25. Run-off from Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 55
Fairview will be treated in bioswales, treating .20 acres of impervious surface run-off.

The new Piedmont Community Pool, currently under construction, has also been designed to have the City’s first bio retention basin to treat impervious surface run-off on site.

Objective 6: Use the City’s resources to disseminate and collect information on climate change Measure 6.1: Enhance and update the City’s climate action program outreach efforts Develop a user-friendly web page and/or build the City’s social media presence to provide information on energy
and water efficiency programs, waste reduction best
practices, renewable energy, electric vehicles, and other resources. Investigate ways to include the GHG
emissions reduction potential of each action.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

As of May 2024, the City’s website as it relates to these topics is undergoing a redevelopment process to increase accessibility and ensure a user-friendly experience.

Distribute information to residents and commercial
business owners on energy and water audit programs,
rebates, waste reduction best practices, and
environmental stewardship.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

Along with information available on the City’s website, City staff distribute information and resources at the Planning & Building counter at City Hall.

Host education events on residents reducing GHG
emissions.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

In spring 2024, the Sustainability Division participated at the Arbor and Earth Day Celebration as well as an art event hosted by the Piedmont Center of the Arts to provide education on topics such as reducing waste to landfill, electrification, clean water, and more.

Measure 6.2: Collect information to track progress on the Climate Action Plan On application forms for building and design review
permits include a questionnaire regarding energy
efficiency improvements included in the construction,
and that heightens awareness of others not considered.

Planning &
Building
Complete.

In 2023, energy efficiency improvements, as outlined in City’s Reach Codes (Ordinance 766 N.S.), were integrated into the online building permit application process. Resources on additional improvements are included in the handout package for each building permit.

Objective 7: Consider adjusting taxes to reflect the social costs of carbon Measure 7.1: Reduce the City’s carbon footprint through carbon pricing Consider adjusting the utility tax to act as a revenue
neutral carbon tax on natural gas while reallocating
Planning &
Building,
Action needed.

Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 56
money to reduce electricity and/or communication
taxes through 2030.

Public
Works,
Finance
Through a City vote, establish a carbon tax on natural
gas that dedicates its revenue to energy efficiency,
renewable energy, and fuel switching incentives for
residents.

Planning &
Building,
Public
Works,
Finance
Action needed.

Support State and Federal efforts to establish a tax or fee on carbon.

Planning &
Building
Ongoing.

City Officials have participated in public forums on the topic in the past.

Further opportunities will be evaluated as they emerge.

Exhibit B Agenda Report Page 57
Climate Action Update
City of Piedmont
Deniz Ergun, Sustainability Program Manager | Alyssa Romea, Climate Action Fellow July 2024 Exhibit C Agenda Report Page 58
2030
50% below 2005
emission levels
Current Greenhouse Gas
Emissions Goals
2045
Carbon neutrality
Onwards
Transition to a postcarbon community

CITY OF PIEDMONT
Exhibit C Agenda Report Page 59
Climate Action Plan 2.0
Implementation Update

EXHIBIT B

CITY OF PIEDMONT
Exhibit C Agenda Report Page 60

CITY OF PIEDMONT
Over the last year, the City
continued implementing
the Climate Action Plan 2.0
by:
“Grasscrete” pavement in Shannon &
Rob Bloemker’s home
“Certified Wildlife Habitat” signage at
Hope & Larry Salzer’s home
Achieving the Beacon Program’s
Vanguard Award for success
across emissions reductions and
sustainability practices
Showcasing four homes with
Sustainability Awards to uplift and
connect local climate leadership
Exhibit C Agenda Report Page 61
Completing an Urban Forest
Inventory
Engaging the community through
educational events, including an
Arbor and Earth Day Celebration
Improving bike and pedestrian
safety by installing three bulb-outs
Partnering with Ava Community
Energy to expand the Induction
Cooktop Lending Program

CITY OF PIEDMONT
Two toddlers read a poster about clean water at the City’s Arbor and Earth Day celebration on April 26, 2024
Exhibit C Agenda Report Page 62
See Exhibit B of the staff report for a “Climate
Action by the Numbers” infographic.

CITY OF PIEDMONT
1-Page
Factsheet
Exhibit C Agenda Report Page 63
2022 Greenhouse
Gas Inventory

EXHIBIT A

CITY OF PIEDMONT
Exhibit C Agenda Report Page 64
Water & Wastewater
Solid Waste
Process & Fugitive Emissions
Commercial Energy
Residential Energy
Transportation & Mobile Sources
Since 2005,
Piedmont’s citywide
emissions have fallen

33.0%.
2030 goal
2045 goal
2005 2017 2022
Greenhouse Gas Emissions

CITY OF PIEDMONT
33%
reduction
Exhibit C Agenda Report Page 65

86.6% 82.8% 100%
less electricity
emissions since
2005
Areas of Success
less solid waste
emissions since
2005
less wastewater
emissions since
2005

CITY OF PIEDMONT
Exhibit C Agenda Report Page 66
Metric Tons CO2e
0 100 200 300 400 500
Vehicle Fleet
Employee Commute
Solid Waste
Buildings & Facilities
Process & Fugitive Emissions

CITY OF PIEDMONT
Municipal activities continue to generate only

3.09% of citywide emissions.

47.6% Vehicle Fleet
Employee Commutes
Solid Waste
Buildings & Facilities
Process & Fugitive Emissions

39.4%

7.6%

5.2%
.2%
Sources of Municipal Emissions in 2022
Exhibit C Agenda Report Page 67

3.62%
rise in citywide
emissions since
2021

10.6%
rise in
transportation
emissions since
2021

CITY OF PIEDMONT
In 2022, emissions
increased from the year before.

Exhibit C Agenda Report Page 68
2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
0 5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
According to analysis by Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI), without new intervention, Piedmont will not meet its 2030 goal. 2030 goal
2022 2030
CO2e Emissions
Business-as-Usual Forecast

CITY OF PIEDMONT
Exhibit C Agenda Report Page 69
Transportation & Mobile Sources, 51.1%
Building Energy, 45.7%
Process & Fugitive Emiss… Solid Waste Water…

96.8% of emissions
came from
transportation and
building energy
Sources of
Citywide
Emissions in
2022

CITY OF PIEDMONT
Transportation & Mobile Sources, 51.1% Building Energy, 45.7% Passenger Vehicles, 46.1%
Commercial Vehicles, 3.9% AC Transit,…
Residential Natural Gas, 41.6%
Residential Electricity, 2.2% Commercial El… Commer…
Exhibit C Agenda Report Page 70
EV adoption
Mileage reduction
Public transit, biking,
walking
Next Steps
Transportation
decarbonization
100% renewable
electricity
Maximum energy
efficiency
Full electrification
Building
decarbonization

CITY OF PIEDMONT
Exhibit C Agenda Report Page 71
Deniz Ergun
Sustainability Program Manager
Alyssa Romea
2023-2024 Climate Action Fellow
510-420-3058
[email protected]
120 Vista Ave

CITY OF PIEDMONT
Contacts
Exhibit C Agenda Report Page 72

Piedmont City CouncilJuly 1, 2024

Piedmont City Council
July 1, 2024