POINT ARENA CITY COUNCIL
AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY
AGENDA ITEM: VIII A
MEETING DATE: 9/15/2026
TITLE
Adoption of the 2026 Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan and City of Point Arena Planning Partner Annex
RECOMMENDED ACTION
Adopt Resolution 2026-19 approving the 2026 Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan and the City of Point Arena Planning Partner Annex.
ANALYSIS
The Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan is a multi-jurisdictional plan developed to reduce long-term risks to life, property, infrastructure, and the environment from natural hazards. The 2026 update covers the next five-year planning period and maintains participating jurisdictions’ eligibility for applicable FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance grant programs.
Point Arena participated in the planning process through City staff, coordination with the Redwood Coast Fire Protection District and Point Arena Fire Safe Council, public outreach, and stakeholder surveys. The City-specific annex identifies local hazards, vulnerabilities, and priority mitigation projects.
Maintaining a current FEMA-approved Hazard Mitigation Plan is important to the City’s ability to pursue federal mitigation funding following disasters. Point Arena experienced significant impacts during the January 2023 winter storms, which resulted in a federal disaster declaration covering Mendocino County. The City has since received more than $150,000 in FEMA disaster recovery funding related to those storm impacts, demonstrating the practical importance of maintaining eligibility for federal disaster and hazard mitigation programs.
POINT ARENA HIGHLIGHTS
The plan ranks coastal hazards, earthquakes, and severe storms as high risk for Point Arena. Inland flooding, landslides, and tsunamis are ranked moderate, while drought and wildfire are ranked low.
A number of the City’s most significant vulnerabilities are concentrated around Arena Cove, Arena Creek, critical infrastructure, and emergency access. The plan identifies recurring flooding and storm damage at Arena Cove, including impacts to the parking lot, seawall, Pier access, and other waterfront infrastructure. It also notes that flooding of the Garcia River can isolate the community by closing the primary northern access route. The Arena Cove wastewater lift station is specifically identified as being in a highrisk sea-level-rise area.
The Annex also identifies ongoing concerns with Arena Creek and Port Road, where overgrown vegetation and reduced channel capacity contribute to flooding and can affect emergency and commercial access to Arena Cove. The wastewater treatment plant is identified as vulnerable to flooding, severe storms, earthquakes, and access disruption, including the potential for landslides to block access to the facility.
Earthquake-related priorities include the seismic condition of City Hall, which houses law enforcement and the Emergency Operations Center, as well as the wastewater system and the large water tank upstream of town. The plan notes that the 1906 San Francisco earthquake caused major damage in Point Arena and that the San Andreas rupture extended to the area, underscoring the City’s ongoing seismic exposure.
The plan also identifies landslide susceptibility along and near Point Arena Creek and Bluff Top Road, where landslides could create safety concerns and restrict access to the wastewater treatment plant.
Priority mitigation projects include development of a Sea Level Rise Adaptation Plan; seismic improvements to City Hall and water infrastructure; wastewater and floodprotection improvements; permanent backup power at City Hall; Arena Creek restoration; improvements to evacuation centers and shelters; and continued wildfire and emergency preparedness programs.
The City has already completed several mitigation efforts identified in the previous plan, including the Mill Street flooding project and improvements to the Arena Cove parking lot, while other wastewater, emergency power, and infrastructure projects remain ongoing or in progress.
FISCAL IMPACT
Adoption of the plan does not commit the City to funding or constructing any individual project. Projects would be considered separately as funding becomes available.
Maintaining a current FEMA-approved Hazard Mitigation Plan preserves the City’s eligibility for applicable FEMA hazard mitigation funding and can be particularly important following federally declared disasters. The City’s experience pursuing FEMA funding following the January 2023 storms illustrates the value of maintaining this eligibility.
ATTACHMENTS
1. Resolution 2026-19 Adopting 2026 Hazard Mitigation Plan
2. 2026 Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan and the City of Point Arena Planning Partner Annex.
CITY MANAGER SIGNATURE
_________________________________
Molly C. Haviland, City Manager
RESOLUTION NO. 2026-19
RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF POINT ARENA ADOPTING THE
POINT ARENA ANNEX TO THE MULTI-HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
WHEREAS, the Point Arena City Council recognizes the threat that natural hazards pose to people and property within Point Arena; and
WHEREAS, the City of Point Arena has prepared a multi-hazard mitigation plan, hereby known as the 2026 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan dated in accordance with federal laws, including the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, as amended; the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended; and the National Dam Safety Program Act, as amended; and FEMA requirements at 44 C.F.R. 201.6; and WHEREAS, the Point Arena Annex to the 2026 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan for Mendocino County identifies mitigation goals and actions to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property in Point Arena from the impacts of future hazards and disasters; and WHEREAS, adoption by the Point Arena City Council demonstrates its commitment to hazard mitigation and achieving the goals outlined in the 2026 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan for Mendocino County.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Point Arena City Council adopts the 2026 Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan for Mendocino County, as approved by FEMA.
Subsequent plan updates following the approval period for this plan will require separate adoption resolutions.
PASSED AND ADOPTED The foregoing Resolution No. 2026-19 was passed and adopted at a Regular meeting of the Point Arena City Council on the 15th day of September, 2026 by the following vote. Motion by _______, Seconded by ________.
Ayes:
Noes:
Absent:
Abstain:
Barbara Burkey Paul Andersen
Mayor City Clerk
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2 Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS.....................................................................................................................................2 1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................3 2 MITIGATION STRATEGY........................................................................................................................5
2.1 MITIGATION GOALS.....................................................................................................................5
2.2 2021 MITIGATION ACTIONS ........................................................................................................5
2.3 2026 MITIGATION ACTIONS ........................................................................................................6
2.4 MITIGATION CAPABILITIES ..........................................................................................................9
2.5 COMPLIANCE WITH FLOODPLAIN REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................11
2.6 PLANNING INTEGRATION ..........................................................................................................12
2.7 INCORPORATION OF EXISTING PLANS AND INFORMATION .....................................................12
2.8 CONTINUING PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT ........................................................................................13
2.9 CHANGES IN COMMUNITY PRIORITIES......................................................................................13 3 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................................................14
3.1 HAZARD RISK RANKING .............................................................................................................14
3.2 EXPOSURE ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................14
3.3 COASTAL HAZARDS: FLOODING, SEA LEVEL RISE, EROSION......................................................18
3.4 DROUGHT ..................................................................................................................................26
3.5 EARTHQUAKE.............................................................................................................................27
3.6 FLOOD (INLAND)........................................................................................................................28
3.7 MASS EARTH MOVEMENTS: LANDSLIDES, ROCK FALLS, & DEBRIS FLOW.................................31
3.8 SEVERE STORMS ........................................................................................................................33
3.9 TSUNAMI ...................................................................................................................................34
3.10 WILDFIRE ...................................................................................................................................37 APPENDIX A ADOPTION RESOLUTION ........................................................................................................41 Professional planning services for this plan update were provided by:
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Introduction 3
1 Introduction
FIGURE 1 shows the City of Point Arena boundaries. The following city staff members participated in the HMP planning process and provided input to inform this Annex. A detailed list of the planning roster is provided in Appendix D of the Base Plan. • City Manager
• Assistant City Manager
The Fire Chief from Redwood Coast Fire Protection District and city staff members collaborated during coordination meetings for the city and the district In addition to the public engagement described in the Base Plan, the City of Point Arena supported outreach efforts via social media, interaction with city staff, and posting the survey link on the city website and on printed flyers at the Point Arena Pier, Arena Market, post office, library, downtown information kiosk, and a bulletin board at the Pier. The city also invited the Point Arena Fire Safe Council Coordinator to all Core Planning Team Meetings. Additionally, the city involved many nonprofits and community organizations listed in Section 2 of the Base Plan through stakeholder surveys.
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Introduction 4
Figure 1 City of Point Arena Boundaries
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2 Mitigation Strategy
The mitigation strategy is a central component of the hazard mitigation plan (HMP) and the primary outcome of the planning process. This strategy serves as a long-term framework for reducing vulnerabilities to hazards. While this document begins by focusing on the mitigation strategy, it is important to acknowledge the various components that informed the planning process. These inputs included decisions and information from the Planning Partners, Core Planning Team (CPT), and general public, in addition to the results of the risk and vulnerability assessment. All of this information is captured in detail across the County of Mendocino Base Plan and this City of Point Arena Annex.
2.1 Mitigation Goals
The City of Point Arena has adopted the hazard mitigation goals and objectives developed by the Core Planning Team and described in Section 1.1 of the Base Plan.
2.2 2021 Mitigation Actions
The following list provides details on the progress made toward implementation of the 2021 mitigation actions for the City of Point Arena. Additional details about the status of implementation can be found in the Base Plan HMP Appendix B. • Complete
o (ma-EW-PA-213) Implement Mill Street flooding projects. • On-Going
o (ma-AH-PA-214) Conduct re-channelization and habitat restoration for Arena Creek along Port Road.
o (ma-EQ-PA-41) Seismic Retrofit of City Hall.
o (ma-FL-PA-39) Retrofit Wastewater and Potable Water Facilities. o (ma-PN-PA-220) Structural Improvements to Evacuation Centers and Shelter Locations.
o (ma-WF-PA-43) Fire Road Access/Roadside Vegetation Removal Program. • In Progress
o (ma-AH-PA-211) Wastewater Treatment Plan.
o (ma-AH-PA-286) Backup Generator at City Hall.
• No Progress – Continue Action
o (ma-EQ-PA-212) Seismic Retrofitting of Large Water Tank Upstream of Town. • No Progress – No Longer a Mitigation Priority
o (ma-PN-PA-217) Install additional barriers and proper ventilation in the Emergency Operations Center.
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o (ma-PN-PA-218) Develop alternative sheltering/evacuation locations for social distancing requirements.
o (ma-PN-PA-219) Assess and institute necessary upgrades to critical facilities.
2.2.1 Mitigation Successes
Mitigation successes in the City of Point Arena include the completion of the Mill Street rain and flooding projects identified in the 2022 design study, specifically the road improvement project. The City also completed a project at Arena Cove that elevated a portion of the parking lot to improve drainage during storm events.
The Fire Safe Council has been highly effective in engaging local communities. A final success relates to backup generators that have been installed at several critical infrastructure sites to enhance resilience.
2.3 2026 Mitigation Actions
The City of Point Arena identified and prioritized the following mitigation actions based on the risk assessment and input from the public survey. Refer to the HMP Base Plan Appendix C for complete details of each of the mitigation actions listed below.
2.3.1 Coastal Hazards
• High Priority
o (PA1) Develop a Sea Level Rise Adaptation Plan. Develop a sea level rise adaptation plan to minimize losses during extreme weather events. • Medium Priority
o (PA2) Managed Retreat of Cove Parking Lot. Complete managed retreat of the cove parking lot by relocating infrastructure away from vulnerable areas, incorporating resilient design and natural buffers to reduce flood and erosion risks, building on 2017 improvements.
2.3.2 Dam and Levee Failure
There are no dams or levees within the City of Point Arena, and no dam-inundation areas from dams outside the city pose a risk to Point Arena.
2.3.3 Drought
• Medium Priority
o (PA5) Improve Water Piping Infrastructure. Collaborate with Point Arena Water Works to upgrade and improve water piping infrastructure for enhanced reliability and efficiency for the City of Point Arena. • Low Priority
o (PA3) Develop a Model Water Ordinance. Develop and implement a model water ordinance to promote sustainable water use and enhance drought resilience.
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o (PA4) Feasibility Study for Secondary Water Source. Conduct a feasibility study to identify and develop a secondary water source for the city to ensure supply reliability.
2.3.4 Earthquake
• High Priority
o (PA6) Seismic Retrofit of City Hall. Ongoing seismic retrofit or replacement of critical public works and emergency response facilities—especially the City Hall/Law Enforcement/EOC—to ensure functionality during and after disasters (past action ma-EQ-PA-41).
o (PA7) Seismic Retrofitting of Large Water Tank Upstream of Town. The City will coordinate with Point Arena Water Works to assess the need for seismic retrofitting of the large water tank located upstream of town, and will carry out retrofitting as needed to ensure its resilience. Point Arena Water Works controls the water tank located upstream of the town. Coordination with both Point Arena Water Works and the county would be necessary. (past action ma-EQ-PA212). • Medium Priority
o (PA8) Study on Wastewater Treatment Plant. Conduct a study on the wastewater treatment plant to assess and mitigate risks of discharge into the Point Arena Creek during hazard events.
2.3.5 Extreme Cold or Freeze
Hazard effects from extreme cold or freeze events do not currently present an immediate or impactful risk to the City of Point Arena and are, therefore, not a mitigation priority.
2.3.6 Extreme Heat
Hazard effects from extreme heat do not currently present an immediate or impactful risk to the City of Point Arena and are, therefore, not a mitigation priority.
2.3.7 Flood (Inland)
• High Priority
o (PA9) Retrofit Wastewater and Potable Water Facilities Subject to Flooding.
Retrofit wastewater and potable water facilities that are subject to flooding. A related study is currently underway to retrofit the wastewater treatment plant and various sewer lines throughout the city. Retrofitting activities may include elevating vulnerable equipment, electrical controls, and other equipment, fastening and sealing manhole covers to prevent floodwater infiltration, and protecting wells and other potable water from infiltration and flood damage by raising controls and well pipes (past action ma-FL-PA-39). • Medium Priority
o (PA10) Study on Riparian Creek Areas. Conduct a study on riparian creek areas to assess and improve hydrological health, aiming to reduce flood-related losses.
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2.3.8 Mass Earth Movements
• Medium Priority
o (PA11) Install Warning Signage on Cliffsides. Install warning signage on cliffsides to enhance public safety and prevent accidents.
2.3.9 Severe Storms
• High Priority
o (PA13) Structural Improvements to Evacuation Centers and Shelter Locations.
Implement necessary structural improvements to evacuation centers and shelter locations to harden facilities against hazard events, including upgrades to roofing, windows, and foundations to enhance durability and ensure continued operation during emergencies. (past action ma-PN-PA-220) • Medium Priority
o (PA12) Implement Microgrid Infrastructure and Electrical Redundancy for Critical Facilities. Design and install microgrid infrastructure and electrical redundancy systems at critical facilities in the City of Point Arena to ensure operations continue during storm-related power outages. This action will strengthen local energy resilience by enabling islanding and providing dependable backup power, reducing service disruptions during severe storm events.
2.3.10 Tsunami
• Low Priority
o (PA14) Tsunami Signage. Install clear and visible signage to inform residents and tourists about tsunami risks and safety procedures, enhancing awareness and preparedness during tsunami events.
2.3.11 Wildfire
• Medium Priority
o (PA15) Fire Road Access/Roadside Vegetation Removal Program. Develop a fire road access/roadside vegetation removal program or fuel break program in which live native vegetation should be thinned and/or moved and dead vegetation should be removed within a 50-foot distance of each side of a road.
Roads to be included in this program include those located in high or very high areas of this MHMP or defined by Mendocino County Fire Safe Council (past action ma-WF-PA-43).
o (PA16) Implement Fuel Reduction Projects. Partner with the Redwood Coast Fire Protection District to implement fuel reduction projects that minimize wildfire risk and enhance community safety.
o (PA17) Wildfire Mitigation Educational Campaign. Partner with the Fire Safe Council to deliver public education and outreach programs annually aimed at increasing community awareness and preparedness for wildfire risks.
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2.3.12 Multi-Hazard
• High Priority
o (PA18) Backup Generator at City Hall. Construct permanent backup generators at critical facilities (City Hall) and sheltering locations to respond to hazard events in the loss of power. City Hall currently does have a mobile generator available for use. (past action ma-AH-PA-286)
o (PA19) Rechannelization and Habitat Restoration for Arena Creek Along Port Road. Conduct rechannelization and habitat restoration for Arena Creek along Port Road, where the stream channel has been clogged due to the discontinuation of historic meadows along the creek causing flooding and blocking egress from Arena Cove. (past action ma-AH-PA-214) o (PA21) Wastewater Treatment Plan. Assess and retrofit as needed wastewater treatment plan, including for berming that separates wastewater treatment facility from Arena Creek and could be subject to breach in earthquake or with extreme weather events and for other necessary seismic retrofits. (past action ma-AH-PA-211)
• Medium Priority
o (PA20) Tourist All Hazard Mitigation Educational Campaign. Partner with the Fire Safe Council and the Point Arena Merchants Association to implement a coordinated tourist education program. This effort will include sharing emergency preparedness information on partner websites and distributing hardcopy flyers through local businesses and at monthly Fire Safe Council events (first Wednesday of the month) to promote visitor enrollment in local emergency alert and warning systems.
2.4 Mitigation Capabilities
Planning and regulatory, administrative and technical, financial, and education and outreach capabilities are powerful tools for implementing hazard mitigation. The city currently utilizes or has implemented many of these capabilities, as shown in the lists below.
2.4.1 Planning and Regulatory Capabilities
• Building Codes
o 2019 California Building Code
• Zoning Ordinance
• Subdivision Ordinance
o Under Municipal Code
• Hazard-Specific Ordinances
o Floodplain Management (Ch. 16.10.170–200, 220)
o Health and Safety (Ch. 8.20)
o Fire Regulations (8.20.010)
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o Seismic ordinances in place
• Site Plan Review Requirements
o County and City collaboration
• Capital Improvement Program or Plan (CIP)
• Stormwater Program, Plan, or Ordinance
o In City Code
• General Plan Safety Element
o Adopted 1995; updated 2006
• Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP)
o 2025 County-wide CWPP
• Local Emergency Operations Plan
o Mendocino County Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan (2025) • Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP)
o In City Code
• National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Participant
o Entry Date: 8/3/1984
• Floodplain Ordinance
o Floodplain Management (Ch. 16.10); updated 2017
• Floodplain Management Plan
• Flood Insurance Study
o 9/1/2022
• Flood Insurance Rate Map / DFIRM
o Effective Map: 9/19/2025
o Initial FIRM: 8/3/1984
• Other
o ISO Class 8
2.4.2 Administrative and Technical Capabilities
• Planner/Engineer (Land Development)
• Engineer/Professional (Construction)
• Floodplain Administrator
o City Manager
• Public Information Officer
o City Manager / Assistant City Manager
• Warning Systems / Services (general)
o MendoAlert for all general emergencies
• Warning Systems / Services (flood)
o Seldom used or limited presence
• Warning Systems / Services (wildfire)
o Seldom used or limited presence
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• Warning Systems / Services (geological hazards)
o Seldom used or limited presence
• Mutual Aid
• Other
o Fire Marshal through Redwood Coast Fire Protection District
2.4.3 Financial Capabilities
• Levy for Specific Purposes with Voter Approval
• Utilities Fees
o Seldom used or limited presence
• System Development / Impact Development Fee
o Seldom used or limited presence
• General Obligation Bonds to Incur Debt
• Special Tax Bonds to Incur Debt
• Withheld Spending in Hazard-Prone Areas
• Stormwater Service Fees
• Capital Improvement Project Funding
2.4.4 Education and Outreach Capabilities
• Website Dedicated to Hazard Topics
o On City Website
• Social Media
o Facebook, Twitter, and email list for emergencies or important updates • Public Hazard Education / Outreach Programs
o Annual notice issued regarding defensible space requirements • Fire Safe Councils
o Mendocino County Fire Safe Council assists local communities, including Caspar Community and Island Cove Estates
• Local Citizen Groups Communicating Hazard Risks
o Fire Safe Council
• Other Relevant Programs or Organizations
o Mendocino County Resource Conservation District programs
2.4.5 Capability Enhancements
The city plans to expand specific capabilities over the next five years, as outlined in the 2026 Mitigation Actions section, which also identifies several actions that will further strengthen these efforts. A key priority is improving staff capacity, which is currently limited by funding constraints.
2.5 Compliance with Floodplain Requirements
The following list provides details of the city's NFIP participation and current policy coverage.
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• Date of Entry: 8/3/1984
• Initial FHBM Identified: 10/18/1974
• Initial FIRM Identified: 8/3/1984
• Policies in Force: 1
• Total Coverage: $500,000
As of July 31, 2025, 1 policy claim has been made, and that was in 1993. The NFIP claims data from OpenFEMA does not show payment information for this claim. The city has no repetitive loss property and no severe loss properties.
The city’s NFIP compliance is implemented through the appointment of the City of Point Arena City Manager as the Floodplain Administrator. This individual is responsible for implementing and enforcing the provisions of Chapter 16.10 Floodplain Management Ordinance of the City’s Code of Ordinances and other appropriate Sections of 44 CFR (National Flood Insurance Program regulations) pertaining to floodplain management. The most recent floodplain ordinance was adopted in 2022.
Details on compliance with floodplain requirements and substantial damage/substantial improvement rules are provided in the Base Plan, section 1.5, Compliance with Floodplain Requirements.
2.6 Planning Integration
Integrating the HMP into other planning mechanisms is crucial for effectively implementing the mitigation strategy. This also benefits communities by preventing conflicts among planning documents. The bullet list below shows how the city successfully integrated the 2021 HMP into other planning efforts.
• The city has incorporated the 2021 Hazard Mitigation Plan into its sea level rise analysis and related studies for Arena Cove.
• Information from the 2021 Hazard Mitigation Plan was incorporated into the 2025 County Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP).
The City of Point Arena plans to integrate the 2026 HMP by incorporating its information into the Health and Safety Element of the city's General Plan. Additionally, the updated HMP will serve as general guidance for city staff in decision-making and planning efforts, including future mitigation grant applications.
2.7 Incorporation of Existing Plans and Information
All HMP-relevant existing plans, studies, reports, data, and technical information were reviewed during the planning process. Refer to the Base Plan for a complete list of existing plans and information that was incorporated into this HMP.
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2.8 Continuing Public Engagement
The city plans to continue public hazard and mitigation engagement by sending an annual defensible space letter to homeowners and collaborating with the Point Arena Fire Safe Council to disseminate information at community events such as Block Party and Fish Fest.
2.9 Changes in Community Priorities
The city’s priorities have evolved in recent years, with the pandemic no longer being a primary concern. Focus has shifted toward addressing infrastructure vulnerabilities, such as reengineering the parking lot at Arena Cove to better withstand past and potential future hazards. Additionally, the city now regularly jets sewer lines to support water treatment system reliability and reduce maintenance-related risks.
2.9.1 Development Trends
The City of Point Arena has not experienced any development changes in the past five years that have increased its vulnerability to natural hazards. In terms of future development, the city does not expect increased vulnerability to drought or severe storms, but there will be greater exposure to both hazards if growth occurs. The city does not anticipate future development increasing exposure to coastal hazards, mass earth movements, or tsunamis, due to the California Coastal Commission's development regulations along the coastal shoreline. In comparison, future development is not expected to increase earthquake vulnerability, as it will adhere to the latest building codes. The city does not foresee future development increasing exposure to flooding or wildfires.
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3 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
3.1 Hazard Risk Ranking
TABLE 1 shows the rankings for the City of Point Arena. Extreme heat and extreme cold or freeze hazard effects do not currently pose an immediate or significant risk to the city and are therefore not a mitigation priority. There are no dams or levees within the City of Point Arena, and no dam-inundation areas from dams outside the city pose a risk to Point Arena.
Table 1 City of Point Arena Hazard Risk Ranking
Hazard Risk Rank
Coastal Hazards (Flood, Sea-level rise,
Erosion)
High
Dam & Levee Incidents Not Applicable
Drought Low
Earthquake High
Extreme Cold or Freeze Not Applicable
Extreme Heat Not Applicable
Flood (Inland) Moderate
Mass Earth Movements (landslides, rock falls,
debris flows)
Moderate
Severe Storms High
Tsunami Moderate
Wildfire Low
3.2 Exposure Analysis
3.2.1 Lifelines
The lifeline analysis for the City of Point Arena identified 11 total structures within city boundaries, as summarized below and shown in FIGURE 2. “Footprint” hazards, those with clearly defined boundaries, were evaluated to determine the total number and types of community lifelines exposed within these areas. Additionally, narratives from the Point Arena Steering Committee highlight critical facility assets that were not captured in the quantitative analysis, providing important context for understanding local vulnerabilities.
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• Safety and Security: 7 locations
• Food, Hydration, Shelter: 2 locations
• Health and Medical: 2 locations
• Energy: 0 locations
• Communications: 0 locations
• Transportation: 0 locations
• Hazardous Materials: 0 locations
• Water Systems: 0 locations
3.2.2 Parcel Inventory
An analysis was also conducted on parcels exposed to various footprint hazards affecting the City of Point Arena. Because this analysis was performed at the parcel level, any parcel with even a portion intersecting a hazard area is considered at risk. Consequently, structures located on these parcels may not be directly within the hazard zone. A summary of the total parcel inventory for the City of Point Arena is provided in TABLE 2 and illustrated in FIGURE 3.
Table 2 Total Structures in the City of Point Arena
Use Type Parcel Count Land Value Improved Value
Commercial 48 $5,620,240 $8,781,859
Industrial 2 $102,060 $102,541
Institutional 9 $387,156 $922,082
Miscellaneous 8 $64,886 $108,572
Residential 210 $14,427,941 $20,060,700
Rural 37 $5,525,769 $3,306,642
No Data 12 $470,484 $352,635
Total 326 $26,598,536 $33,635,031
Source: The County of Mendocino Assessor’s Office and GIS Department Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan
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Figure 2 Lifelines in the City of Point Arena
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Figure 3 Parcels in the City of Point Arena
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3.3 Coastal Hazards: Flooding, Sea Level Rise, Erosion
3.3.1 Past Events
The following events were noted in the National Centers for Environmental Information’s Storm Events Database as occurring in the City of Point Arena. • February 5, 1998: A combination of heavy surf, strong winds, and high tide caused coastal flooding at Arena Cove, near the town of Point Arena (NCEI). • February 15, 1998: A rogue wave impacted the Point Arena harbor, sweeping into the parking lot. Approximately 30 vehicles were displaced, though only minor damage was reported. Significant sand, logs, and debris were deposited in the area (NCEI).
The city has also noted the following recent events that resulted in significant damages. • January 15, 2016: In 2017, Point Arena remained under a local emergency declaration related to storm impacts affecting Arena Cove, the Point Arena Pier, and nearby roads.
City records show the declaration stayed in effect and was renewed several times over the course of the year.
• The physical damage at Arena Cove impacted the parking lot, jetty, and seawall and was caused by unusually large waves during a storm. California Governor Jerry Brown proclaimed a state of emergency on January 23, 2017, for storm damage in many counties, including Mendocino County. The President ultimately declared a major disaster for the State of California on February 14, 2017 under FEMA-4301-DR-CA. • This declaration made FEMA’s Public Assistance funding available to eligible local governments, including those in Mendocino County. Those funds were used to repair and improve the parking lot.
• January 2023: Point Arena declared a local emergency in response to a series of winter storms affecting the city. The declaration addressed atmospheric river conditions that threatened Point Arena with heavy rainfall, flooding, strong winds, debris, downed trees, and power outages. The City Council ratified the declaration on January 12, 2023. • Arena Cove experienced flood inundation during the storm event, including waves overtopping the seawall and carrying rubble and debris into the parking lot.
The broader storm sequence resulted in a presidential major disaster declaration for the State of California on January 14, 2023, under FEMA-4683-DR-CA, with later amendments including Mendocino County for disaster assistance.
3.3.2 Location
FIGURE 4 shows the sea-level rise risk areas and FIGURE 5 shows the Coastal High Hazard Zones (FEMA Zones V and VE) areas in the city.
The County of Mendocino’s ongoing sea-level rise planning focuses on understanding how rising seas will intensify coastal flooding, erosion, and storm-driven impacts over time.
Projections indicate that rising sea levels will increase the frequency of tidal flooding, accelerate Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan
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bluff and shoreline erosion, and amplify storm-surge effects, putting roads, infrastructure, and coastal communities at risk. Draft mapping (as of April 2026) from this analysis is presented in FIGURE 6, FIGURE 7, and FIGURE 8. Note: This draft data was not utilized for any analysis in the following exposure analysis.
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Figure 4 Sea-Level Rise Risk Areas in the City of Point Arena Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan
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Figure 5 Coastal High Hazard Zones (FEMA Zones V and VE) in the City of Point Arena Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan
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Figure 6 Expected Tidal Inundation Areas in the City of Point Arena Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan
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Figure 7 Expected Erosion Areas in the City of Point Arena Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan
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Figure 8 Expected Coastal Flood Areas in the City of Point Arena Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan
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3.3.3 Local Exposure and Vulnerability
The Point Arena Steering Committee developed the following problem statements to identify local vulnerability to coastal hazard events.
• The access road to the Pier is flood-prone and sustained significant damage during the 2022 winter storms. Continued flooding threatens roadway integrity, emergency access, and safe public use.
• Arena Cove has a history of storm-related damage, including 2017 impacts that required FEMA-funded rehabilitation of the parking lot and replacement of a failed guide pile.
This recurring vulnerability threatens critical waterfront infrastructure and public access. • Flooding of the Garcia River frequently forces bridge closures, isolating the community due to the lack of an alternative northern access route. This disruption poses risks to life safety, emergency response, and essential services.
• High tide events allow ocean waters to enter Point Arena Creek, causing localized flooding. This tidal inundation threatens nearby infrastructure, limits access, and increases flood risk for adjacent properties.
• Older adults, people with disabilities, low-income households, and residents without reliable transportation may face greater difficulty evacuating or recovering.
3.3.3.1 Community Lifelines
3.3.3.1.1 Sea-Level Rise
The wastewater lift station at Arena Cove is located in a high risk area for sea-level rise.
3.3.3.1.2 Coastal High Hazard Areas (Zones V and VE)
The lifeline analysis indicates that no critical facilities within the City of Point Arena are located in coastal high-hazard areas, classified as FEMA Zones V and VE.
3.3.3.2 Parcels
3.3.3.2.1 Sea-Level Rise
The parcel analysis for the City of Point Arena is summarized below in TABLE 3. Residential structures represent the largest category of buildings exposed to moderate to high sea-level rise risk areas.
Table 3 Point Arena Parcels Exposed to Sea-Level Rise
Use Type Parcel Count Land Value Improved Value
Commercial 2 $874,860 $2,790,075
Industrial 0 $0 $0
Institutional 0 $0 $0
Miscellaneous 3 $1,987 $0
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Use Type Parcel Count Land Value Improved Value
Residential 8 $1,220,246 $585,615
Rural 7 $496,218 $234,396
No Data 1 $0 $0
Total 21 $2,593,311 $3,610,086
Source: The County of Mendocino Assessor’s Office and GIS Department
3.3.3.2.2 Coastal High Hazard Areas (Zone V and VE)
The parcel analysis for the City of Point Arena is summarized below in TABLE 4. Residential structures represent the largest category of buildings exposed to coastal high-hazard areas.
Table 4 Point Arena Parcels Exposed to Coastal High Hazard Areas Use Type Parcel Count Land Value Improved Value
Commercial 3 $1,292,481 $3,694,932
Industrial 0 $0 $0
Institutional 0 $0 $0
Miscellaneous 3 $1,987 $0
Residential 8 $1,220,246 $585,615
Rural 7 $496,218 $234,396
No Data 1 $0 $0
Total 22 $3,010,932 $4,514,943
Source: The County of Mendocino Assessor’s Office and GIS Department
3.4 Drought
3.4.1 Past Events
There are no unique drought events that have impacted the City of Point Arena in the past.
Refer to section 4.7 Drought in the Base Plan.
3.4.2 Location
The entire City of Point Arena is vulnerable to drought impacts.
3.4.3 Local Exposure and Vulnerability
The Point Arena Steering Committee noted that although current water availability during drought is not a significant concern, the community’s water system is privately managed and operates outside the city’s infrastructure. This external management raises uncertainty about future system reliability, oversight, and resilience to climate-related impacts.
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Drought can affect people through water restrictions, increased costs, and reduced access to reliable water. In a small, remote community such as Point Arena, disruptions to water availability may be harder for residents to manage. Older adults, medically fragile residents, low-income households, renters, and residents with limited English proficiency may have fewer resources to adapt.
3.5 Earthquake
3.5.1 Past Events
The 1906 San Francisco earthquake had major impacts on Point Arena. The San Andreas rupture extended all the way to Point Arena, where horizontal fault offset was about 15 feet, one of the larger displacements documented along the 1906 rupture. The shaking severely damaged much of downtown Point Arena, including the town’s original lighthouse, which was damaged beyond repair. Point Arena was also significant geologically because it marked the north end of the observed 1906 surface rupture before the fault passes offshore, underscoring how close the community was to the zone of greatest deformation.
Refer to section 4.8 Earthquake in the Base Plan for additional historical events.
3.5.2 Location
The Northern segment of the San Andreas fault is closest to the City of Point Arena. Refer to section 4.8 Earthquake of the Base Plan for the location of fault lines in the county that could cause earthquake events in the city.
3.5.3 Local Exposure and Vulnerability
The Point Arena Steering Committee developed the following problem statements, which identify local vulnerability to earthquake events.
• The wastewater treatment plant and water treatment facilities are currently protected from Arena Creek by berms that may fail during an earthquake, creating a risk of facility damage and subsequent creek contamination. The City has received State Water Board grant funding to plan for rehabilitation of the wastewater system, including the treatment plant.
• The City Firehouse is an unreinforced masonry structure that houses public works vehicles and storage, but requires substantial repairs to be safely used for public purposes. A study identified needed structural improvements, highlighting its vulnerability.
• The wastewater treatment plant and water treatment facilities have not undergone seismic structural or nonstructural assessments in many years, leaving potential vulnerabilities unaddressed and increasing the risk of operational failure during an earthquake.
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• City Hall, which houses law enforcement and the Emergency Operations Center, has not received seismic upgrades or a recent structural assessment. A facility review identified needed hazard-related improvements, underscoring current risks. • A large water tank located directly upstream of town poses a significant hazard, as structural failure during an earthquake could result in substantial downstream damage and threats to public safety.
• Older adults, people with disabilities, renters, lower-income households, and residents without reliable transportation may face greater challenges evacuating and recovering.
3.6 Flood (Inland)
3.6.1 Past Events
Many of the past flood events that have impacted the City of Point Arena are detailed in Section 4.11 of the Base Plan.
3.6.2 Location
FIGURE 9 shows the 100-year floodplain areas in the city.
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Figure 9 FEMA 100-Year Floodplain in the City of Point Arena Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan
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3.6.3 Local Exposure and Vulnerability
The Point Arena Steering Committee developed the following problem statements that identify local vulnerability to flooding.
• Flooding of the Garcia River often cuts off the community’s only northern access route, isolating residents and limiting emergency response capabilities. • Storm events cause the creek to back up, leading to roadway flooding and closures when water levels rise, disrupting transportation and access. • The wastewater treatment plant is situated in an area with potential flood exposure, creating long-term risk to critical infrastructure despite the absence of past flood incidents.
• Vegetation along Arena Creek is overgrown, reducing channel capacity and contributing to flooding on Port Road. This flooding threatens critical emergency and commercial access at Arena Cove.
• Residents with limited mobility, income, transportation, or English proficiency may need additional support to receive warnings, evacuate, and recover.
3.6.3.1 Community Lifelines
There are no community lifeline facilities located within the City of Point Arena's inland floodplain, indicating minimal direct flood risk to critical infrastructure.
3.6.3.2 Parcels
The parcel analysis identified 53 parcels that are exposed to the 100-year floodplain. The majority of these parcels contain residential structures, as shown in TABLE 5 below. There are no additional parcels located within the 500-year floodplain or Floodplain Awareness Zones in the City of Point Arena.
Table 5 Point Arena Parcels in the 100-Year Floodplain
Use Type Parcel Count Land Value Improved Value
Commercial 6 $1,100,133 $1,529,672
Industrial 1 $25,800 $0
Institutional 0 0 $0
Miscellaneous 1 $14,188 $0
Residential 34 $2,471,997 $2,012,820
Rural 8 $753,533 $621,803
No Data 3 $61,313 $46,880
100-Year
Floodplain Total 53 $4,426,964 $4,211,175
Source: The County of Mendocino Assessor’s Office and GIS Department Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan
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3.7 Mass Earth Movements: Landslides, Rock Falls, & Debris Flow
3.7.1 Past Events
There are no unique mass earth movement events that have impacted the City of Point Arena in the past. Refer to section 4.12 Mass Earth Movements in the Base Plan.
3.7.2 Location
FIGURE 10 shows the areas susceptible to landslide risk. The areas along and near Point Arena Creek have a high to very high landslide risk. At the same time, areas east of the city center are at a moderate to high risk of landslides.
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Figure 10 Landslide Risk Areas in the City of Point Arena Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan
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3.7.3 Local Exposure and Vulnerability
The Point Arena Steering Committee noted that Bluff Top Road is highly susceptible to landslides, creating significant safety risks for hikers and restricting emergency access and access to wastewater facilities.
These hazards can also isolate residents or limit access to essential services. People with limited mobility, limited transportation, or limited access to emergency information may be more affected.
3.7.3.1 Community Lifelines
The community lifeline analysis for the City of Point Arena found that two critical facilities are located in areas susceptible to landslides, classified as high to very high risk: one safety and security facility and one health and medical facility. No debris flow or rockfall hazard areas have been mapped within the city boundaries.
3.7.3.2 Parcel
The parcel analysis for the City of Point Arena is summarized below in TABLE 6. Residential structures represent the largest category of buildings in areas with high to very high landslide risk.
Table 6 Point Arena Parcels Exposed to Landslides (High-Very High Risk Areas) Use Type Parcel Count Land Value Improved Value
Commercial 43 $5,079,153 $8,305,860
Industrial 2 $102,060 $102,541
Institutional 5 $338,789 $548,298
Miscellaneous 6 $64,886 $108,572
Residential 171 $11,633,852 $16,530,076
Rural 35 $4,772,694 $3,306,642
No Data 11 $470,484 $352,635
Total 273 $22,461,918 $29,254,624
Source: The County of Mendocino Assessor’s Office and GIS Department
3.8 Severe Storms
3.8.1 Past Events
The following records are noted in the NCEI Storm Events Database as severe storm events directly impacting the City of Point Arena or the vicinity of Point Arena. None of these events have records of casualties.
• November 30, 1998 - The Point Arena Lighthouse C-MAN reached 45 knots (52 mph).
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• January 25, 2001 - Doppler radar indicated numerous waterspouts along an intense cold front from Pt. St. George to Pt. Arena. The pilot of a WP-3 Orion weather research aircraft confirmed waterspouts by observing one west of Point Arena while conducting a flight in support of the PacJet project.
3.8.2 Location
The entire City of Point Arena is at risk of severe storm events.
3.8.3 Local Exposure and Vulnerability
The Point Arena Steering Committee developed the following problem statements, which identify local vulnerability to severe storm events.
• Severe rainfall is the primary weather-related hazard affecting Point Arena, driving most local flooding and erosion impacts.
• Arena Cove experiences localized flooding during intense rain events, which high tides and ongoing coastal erosion can worsen.
• Extreme rainfall can trigger landslides that block access to the wastewater treatment plant, threatening operational continuity of critical infrastructure. This is the top asset of concern.
• Overgrown vegetation along Arena Creek, linked to the decline of historic cattle grazing, reduces channel capacity and contributes to flooding on Port Road, a key economic access route to Arena Cove.
• Older adults, medically dependent residents, people with disabilities, mobile home residents, and households without backup power or reliable transportation may be more vulnerable.
3.9 Tsunami
3.9.1 Past Events
There are no unique tsunami events that have impacted the City of Point Arena in the past.
Refer to section 4.14 Tsunami in the Base Plan.
3.9.2 Location
FIGURE 11 shows the tsunami risk areas within the City of Point Arena.
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Figure 11 Tsunami Risk Areas in the City of Point Arena Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan
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3.9.3 Local Exposure and Vulnerability
The Point Arena Steering Committee developed the following problem statements, which identify local vulnerability to tsunami events.
• Arena Cove, a key destination for tourism and local fishing, is highly vulnerable to tsunami events that could endanger visitors, disrupt commercial and private fishing operations, and negatively impact the local economy.
• The nearby wastewater treatment plant is at risk of tsunami damage, which could lead to system failure and result in significant environmental and public health impacts. This is the top asset of concern.
• Residents with limited mobility, limited transportation, language barriers, or limited access to alerts may face greater difficulty reaching safe areas in time.
3.9.3.1 Community Lifelines
The wastewater lift station and the ‘green shed’, which houses electrical equipment supporting the lift station, at Arena Cove would be impacted by a larger tsunami.
3.9.3.2 Parcels
The parcel analysis identified 34 parcels in the City of Point Arena that are exposed to tsunami risk areas, the majority of which are residential. These parcels are summarized in TABLE 7 below.
Table 7 Point Arena Parcels Exposed to Tsunami Risk Areas Use Type Parcel Count Land Value Improved Value
Commercial 5 $1,668,177 $4,321,796
Industrial 0 $0 $0
Institutional 0 $0 $0
Miscellaneous 4 $16,175 $0
Residential 15 $1,776,587 $978,821
Rural 7 $496,218 $234,396
No Data 3 $61,313 $46,880
Total 34 $4,018,470 $5,581,893
Source: The County of Mendocino Assessor’s Office and GIS Department Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan
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3.10 Wildfire
3.10.1 Past Events
There have been no wildfires within the city between 2014 and 2024. FIGURE 12 shows the location of past wildfire events outside of the city. Refer to Section 4.15 Wildfire of the Base Plan.
3.10.2 Location
Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ) classify areas as having moderate, high, or very high wildfire hazard based on factors such as fuel loading, slope, fire weather, and wind conditions that influence fire behavior and spread (CAL FIRE). State Responsibility Areas (SRA) are generally rural or undeveloped lands where CAL FIRE provides wildland fire protection, while Local Responsibility Areas (LRA) are more developed areas where fire protection is provided by local fire agencies. For the purposes of this analysis, SRA and LRA were mapped together to provide full coverage of the planning area. Risk analysis focused on assets located within high to very high FHSZ, which represents the greatest wildfire hazard. FIGURE 13 shows the Fire Hazard Severity Zones in the City of Point Arena.
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Figure 12 Historical Wildfires in the City of Point Arena Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan
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Figure 13 Fire Hazard Severity Zones in the City of Point Arena Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan
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3.10.3 Local Exposure and Vulnerability
The Point Arena Steering Committee noted that the area’s high coastal humidity helps to reduce the risk and spread of wildfires within the city’s boundaries. Critical infrastructure at most risk are power lines and infrastructure. Older adults, people with disabilities, residents without reliable vehicles, renters, lower-income households, and people with respiratory conditions may face greater challenges during response and recovery.
3.10.3.1 Community Lifelines
The community lifeline analysis found that no critical facilities in the City of Point Arena are located in high wildfire-risk areas.
3.10.3.2 Parcels
The parcel analysis for the City of Point Arena is summarized below in TABLE 8. Residential structures represent the largest category of buildings in high wildfire risk areas.
Table 8 Point Arena Parcels Exposed to Wildfire Risk Areas (High Risk) Use Type Parcel Count Land Value Improved Value
Commercial 0 $0 $0
Industrial 0 $0 $0
Institutional 0 $0 $0
Miscellaneous 0 $0 $0
Residential 2 $337,239 $604,443
Rural 2 $705,214 $0
No Data 0 $0 $0
Total 4 $1,042,453 $604,443
Source: The County of Mendocino Assessor’s Office and GIS Department Mendocino County Hazard Mitigation Plan
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Adoption Resolution 41
Appendix A Adoption Resolution